,,9 ,,! ,,s*ool-,,room4 ,,*apt]s ,,9 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,education4 ,,john ,s4 ,,h>t1 ,,ll4 ,d41 ,,pr9cipal ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,j]sey ,,/ate ,,normal ,,s*ool #ahfh4 ,,philadelphia3 ,,eldr$ge ,,bro!r1 #ag & #ai ,s\? ,six? ,/reet4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahfh1 by ,,eldr$ge ,,bro!r1 9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! ,ea/]n ,di/rict ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,j4 ,,fagan ,,son ,,/]eotype ,,f\nd]s1 ,,philadelphia4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,%]man ,,co4 ,,to ,,! ,tea*]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,,& ,,especially ,,to ,,! ,,alumni ,,( ,,! ,,philadelphia ,,high ,,s*ool1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,*apt]s ,,are ,,mo/ ,,respectfully ,,d$icat$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,preface4 ,! views conta9$ 9 ?is volume are ! result ( a prolong$ & some:at v>i$ pr(essional exp]i5ce4 ,?is exp]i5ce includes ! tra9+ ( m ?an five ?\s& "y m5 & ( ne>ly "o ?\s& "y wom51 a l>ge portion ( !m = ! (fice ( tea*]s2 & x has be5 ga9$ 9 ,college1 9 ,bo>d+ ,s*ool1 9 a city ,high ,s*ool1 & 9 a ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool4 ,9 all ?is prolong$ & v>i$ exp]i5ce1 ,i h con/antly put myself 9 ! attitude ( a le>n]1 & my aim 9 ! pres5t volume is to place be=e ! y\ng] memb]s ( ! pr(ession1 9 ! briefe/ & cle>e/ t]ms possible1 ! lessons ,i h myself le>n$4 ,beg9n+ ) ! "q1 ,:at is ,tea*+8 & end+ ) ! wid] "q1 ,:at is ,education8 ! book w be f\nd to take a pretty free range ov] ! :ole field ( practical inquiry among pr(essional tea*]s4 ,! ?\ghts pres5t$ are su* z h be5 sugge/$ to ! writ] 9 ! s*ool-room itself1 :ile actively engag$ ei!r 9 tea*+1 or 9 sup]9t5d+ & direct+ ! in/ruction giv5 by o!rs4 ,^! ?\ghts are = ! mo/ "p purposely giv5 9 %ort1 deta*$ *apt]s1 ea* complete 9 itself4 ,su* a me?od ( pres5tation1 ?\gh less impos+1 seem$ to h practical advantages = ! read] too great to be neglect$ = ! m]e vanity ( au?or%ip4 ,(t5 "o c f9d leisure to read a *apt] ( five or six pages on "s po9t complete 9 itself1 :5 he might n feel l rea*+ x ?r\gh an int]v5+ network ( connect$ & dep5d5t propositions4 ,at ! same "t1 x %\ld be obs]v$1 ! topics ?\gh deta*$ are n isolat$4 ,!re is ev]y:]e an und]ly+ ?read ( connection1 ! :ole be+ bas$ ^u1 if n con/itut+1 a philosophy ( education4 ,,cont5ts4 ,i4 ,:at is ,tea*+8 ,,ii4 ,! ,art ( ,que/ion+ ,,iii4 ,! ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,tea*+ & ,tra9+ ,,iv4 ,modes ( ,he>+ ,recitations ,v4 ,on ,obs]v+ a ,prop] ,ord] 9 ! ,developm5t ( ! ,m5tal ,faculties ,,vi4 ,tea*+ ,*ildr5 :at !y d n ,und]/& ,,vii4 ,cultivat+ ! ,memory 9 ,y\? ,,viii4 ,k be=e ,memory ,,ix4 ,p[] ( ,words ,x4 ,! ,/udy ( ,language ,,xi4 ,cultivat+ ! ,voice ,,xii4 ,eyes ,,xiii4 ,errors ( ! ,cave ,,xiv4 ,m5 ( ,"o ,idea ,,xv4 ,a ,tal5t = ,tea*+ ,,xvi4 ,tea*+ ,p[] ,,xvii4 ,gr[+ ,,xviii4 ,lov+ ! ,*ildr5 ,,xix4 ,ga9+ ! ,affections ( ! ,s*ol>s ,,xx4 ,! ,ob$i5ce ( ,*ildr5 ,,xxi4 ,r>ey z an ,educator ,,xxii4 ,a ,bo>d+-,s*ool ,exp]i5ce ,,xxiii4 ,phr5ology ,,xxiv4 ,normal ,s*ools ,,xxv4 ,practice-,tea*+ ,,xxvi4 ,att5tion z a ,m5tal ,faculty1 & z a ,means ( ,m5tal ,culture ,,xxvii4 ,ga9+ ! ,att5tion ,,xxviii4 ,c\nsels3 #a4 ,to a ,"y ,tea*]2 #b4 ,to a ,new ,pupil2 #c4 ,to a ,"y ,lady on leav+ ,s*ool2 #d4 ,to a ,pupil on ,ent]+ a ,normal ,s*ool ,,xxix4 ,an ,argum5t = ,common ,s*ools ,,xxx4 ,:at is ,education8 ,,9 ,,! ,,s*ool-,,room4 ,i4 ,,:at ,,is ,,tea*+8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 tea*+ is n simply tell+4 ,a class may be told a ?+ tw5ty times ov]1 & yet n "k x4 ,talk+ to a class is n necess>ily tea*+4 ,i h kn[n _m tea*]s :o 7 brimful ( in=mation1 & 7 good talk]s1 & :o disc\rs$ to _! classes ) ready utt]ance a l>ge "p ( ! "t allott$ to in/ruction2 yet an exam9ation ( _! classes %[$ little advancem5t 9 k4 ,!re are sev]al "t-honor$ metaphors on ?is subject1 :i* ne$ to be receiv$ ) "s gra9s ( all[ance1 if we w\ld get at an exact idea ( :at tea*+ is4 ,*isell+ ! rude m>ble into ! f9i%$ /atue2 giv+ ! impression ( ! seal ^u ! s(t wax2 p\r+ wat] into an empty vessel2--all ^! comp>isons lack "o ess5tial elem5t ( lik5ess4 ,! m9d is1 inde$1 9 "o s5se1 empty1 & ne$s to be fill$4 ,x is yield+1 & ne$s to be impress$4 ,x is rude1 & ne$s poli%+4 ,b x is n1 l ! m>ble1 ! wax1 or ! vessel1 a passive recipi5t ( ext]nal influ5ces4 ,x is itself a liv+ p[]4 ,x is act$ ^u only by /irr+ up its own activities4 ,! op]ative ^u m9d1 unlike ! op]ative ^u matt]1 mu/ h ! active1 volunt>y co-op]ation ( t ^u :i* he works4 ,! tea*] is do+ 8 "w1 only s f> z he gets "w f ! s*ol>4 ,! v ess5ce & root ( ! "w are 9 ! s*ol>1 n 9 ! tea*]4 ,no "o1 9 fact1 9 an important s5se1 is taught at all1 except s f> z he is self-taught4 ,! tea*] may be useful1 z an auxili>y1 9 caus+ ?is action on ! "p ( ! s*ol>4 ,b ! "o1 indisp5sable1 vital ?+ 9 all le>n+1 is 9 ! s*ol> himself4 ,! old ,romans1 9 _! ^w education 7educ]e1 to draw out71 seem to h come ne>] to ! true idea ?an any o!r p h done4 ,! tea*] is to draw out ! res\rces ( ! pupil4 ,yet ev5 ?is ^w comes %ort ( ! exact tru?4 ,! tea*] mu/ put 91 z well z draw out4 ,no process ( m]e pump+ w draw out f a *ild's m9d k :i* is n !re4 ,all ! p[] ( ! ,socratic me?od1 c\ld x be appli$ by ,socrates himself1 w\ld be unavail+ to draw f a *ild's m9d1 by m]e que/ion+1 a k1 = in/ance1 ( *emical aff9ity1 ( ! sol> sy/em1 ( ! temp]ature ( ! ,gulf ,/ream1 ( ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection4 ,:at1 !n1 is tea*+8 ,tea*+ is caus+ any "o to "k4 ,n[ no "o c be made to "k a ?+ b by ! act ( 8 own p[]s4 ,8 own s5ses1 8 own memory1 8 own p[]s ( reason1 p]ception1 & judgm5t1 mu/ be ex]cis$4 ,! function ( ! tea*] is to br+ ab\t ?is ex]cise ( ! pupil's faculties4 ,! means to d ?is are inf9ite 9 v>iety4 ,!y %\ld be v>i$ accord+ to ! wants & ! "* ( ! individual to be taught4 ,"o ne$s to be told a ?+2 he le>ns mo/ readily by ! e>4 ,ano!r ne$s to use 8 eyes2 he mu/ see a ?+1 ei!r 9 ! book1 or 9 nature4 ,b nei!r eye nor e>1 nor any o!r s5se or faculty1 w avail to ! acquisition ( k1 unless ! p[] ( att5tion is cultivat$4 ,att5tion1 !n1 is ! fir/ act or p[] ( ! m9d t mu/ be r\s$4 ,x is ! v f\ndation ( all progress 9 k1 & ! means ( awak5+ x con/itute ! fir/ /ep 9 ! educational art4 ,:5 by any means1 positive k1 facts1 are once 9 possession ( ! m9d1 some?+ mu/ next be done to prev5t _! slipp+ away4 ,y may tell a class ! hi/ory ( a c]ta9 ev5t2 or y may give !m a description ( a c]ta9 place or p]son2 or y may let !m read x2 & y may secure su* a degree ( att5tion1 t1 at ! "t ( ! read+ or ! description1 !y %all h a fair1 intelligible compreh5sion ( :at has be5 describ$ or read4 ,! facts are = ! "t actually 9 ! possession ( ! m9d4 ,n[1 if ! m9d 01 accord+ to ! old notion1 m]ely a vessel to be fill$1 ! process w\ld be complete4 ,b m9d is n an empty vessel4 ,x is a liv+ ess5ce1 ) p[]s & processes ( its own4 ,& exp]i5ce %[s u1 t 9 ! case ( a class ( undiscipl9$ pupils1 facts1 ev5 :5 fairly plac$ 9 ! possession ( ! m9d1 (t5 rema9 !re ab\t z long z ! %ad[ ( a pass+ cl\d rema9s ^u ! l&scape1 & make ab\t z mu* impression4 ,! tea*] mu/ seek1 !n1 n only to get k into ! m9d1 b to fix x !re4 ,9 o!r words1 ! p[] ( ! memory mu/ be /r5g!n$4 ,tea*+1 !n1 mo/ truly1 & 9 e /age ( x1 is a /rictly co-op]ative process4 ,y _c cause any "o to "k1 by m]ely p\r+ out /ores ( k 9 8 he>+1 any m ?an y c make 8 body gr[ by spread+ ! cont5ts ( y\r m>ket-basket at 8 feet4 ,y mu/ r\se 8 p[] ( att5tion1 t he may lay hold (1 & receive1 & make 8 own1 ! k y (f] him4 ,y mu/ awak5 & /r5g!n ! p[] ( memory )9 him1 t he may reta9 :at he receives1 & ?us gr[ 9 k1 z ! body by a l process gr[s 9 /r5g? & muscle4 ,9 o!r words1 le>n+1 s f> z ! m9d ( ! le>n] is conc]n$1 is a gr[?2 & tea*+1 s f> z ! tea*] is conc]n$1 is do+ :atev] is necess>y to cause t gr[?4 ,let u proce$ a /ep f>!r 9 ?is matt]4 ,"o ( ! anci5ts obs]ves t a lamp loses none ( its own light by all[+ ano!r lamp to be lit f x4 ,he uses ! illu/ration to en=ce ! duty ( lib]ality 9 imp>t+ our k to o!rs4 ,k1 he says1 unlike o!r treasures1 is n dim9i%$ by giv+4 ,! illu/ration fails to express ! :ole tru?4 ,?is imp>t+ ( k to o!rs1 n only does n impov]i% ! donor1 b x actually increases 8 ri*es4 ,doc5do discimus4 ,by tea*+ we le>n4 ,a man gr[s 9 k by ! v act ( communicat+ x4 ,! reason = ?is is obvi\s4 ,9 ord] to communicate to ! m9d ( ano!r a ?\ght :i* is 9 our own m9d1 we mu/ give to ! ?\ght def9ite %ape & =m4 ,we mu/ h&le x1 & pack x up = safe conveyance4 ,?us ! m]e act ( giv+ a ?\ght expression 9 words1 fixes x m deeply 9 our own m9ds4 ,n only s2 we c1 9 fact1 v r>ely be said to be 9 full possession ( a ?\ght ourselves1 until by ! tongue or ! p5 we h communicat$ x to somebody else4 ,! expression ( x1 9 "s =m1 seems necess>y to give x1 ev5 9 our own m9ds1 a def9ite %ape & a la/+ impression4 ,a man :o devotes himself to solit>y read+ & /udy1 b nev] tries 9 any way to communicate 8 acquisitions to ! _w1 or to en=ce 8 op9ions ^u o!rs1 r>ely becomes a le>n$ man4 ,a great _m confus$1 dreamy ideas1 no d\bt1 float ?r\gh ! bra9 ( su* a man2 b he has little exact & reliable k4 ,! tru? is1 !re is a sort ( indol5t1 li/less absorption ( intellectual food1 t t5ds to idiocy4 ,i knew a p]son once1 a g5tleman ( weal? & leisure1 :o hav+ no ta/e = social int]c\rse1 & no mat]ial wants to be suppli$1 :i* might h requir$ ! active ex]cise ( 8 p[]s1 gave himself up entirely to solit>y read+1 z a sort ( luxuri\s self-indulg5ce4 ,he %ut himself up 9 8 room1 all day long1 day aft] day1 dev\r+ "o book aft] ano!r1 until he became almo/ idiotic by ! process1 & he f9ally di$ ( s(t5+ ( ! bra94 ,_h he be5 compell$ to use 8 m5tal acquisitions 9 e>n+ 8 bread1 or _h ! love ( ,*ri/ con/ra9$ him to use !m 9 ! in/ruction ( ! poor & ! ignorant1 he might h become n only a useful1 b a le>n$ man4 ,we see a beautiful illu/ration ( ?is doctr9e 9 ! case ( ,sabba?-s*ool tea*]s1 & "o reason :y p]sons s engag$ usually love _! "w1 is ! b5efit :i* !y f9d 9 x = !mselves4 ,i speak "h1 n ( ! spiritual1 b ( ! intellectual b5efit4 ,by ! process ( tea*+ o!rs1 !y are all ! :ile le>n+4 ,?is advantage 9 _! case is all ! great]1 because x advances !m 9 a k9d ( k 9 :i*1 m ?an 9 any o!r k9d ( k1 m5 are wont to become passive & /ation>y4 ,9 ord9>y worldly k1 our necessities make u active4 ,! int]c\rse ( bus9ess1 & ( pleasure ev51 makes m5 ke54 ,on ^! subjects we are all ! :ile b&y+ ?\ghts to & fro2 we are accu/om$ to give z well z take2 & s we keep our intellectual armor bright1 & our ?\ghts well def9$4 ,b 9 reg>d to gr[? 9 religi\s k1 we h a t5d5cy to be m]e passive recipi5ts1 l ! "y man j ref]r$ to4 ,sabba? aft] ,sabba? we he> good1 in/ructive1 or?odox disc\rses1 b !re is no active putt+ =? ( our own p[]s 9 giv+ out :at we ?us take 91 & s we nev] make x effectually our own4 ,! absorb+ process goes on1 & yet we make no gr[?4 ,! quiesc5t audi5ce is a sort ( exhau/$ receiv]1 into :i* ! /ream f ! pulpit is p]5nially play+1 b nev] mak+ x full4 ,let a man g back & ask himself1 ,:at actual scriptural k h ,i ga9$ by ! s]mons ( ! la/ six mon?s8 ,:at 9 fact d ,i reta9 9 my m9d1 at ?is mom5t1 ( ! s]mons ,i he>d only a mon? ago8 ,s f> z ! he>+ ( s]mons is conc]n$1 ! ,sabba?-s*ool tea*] may p]haps be no bett] (f ?an o!r he>]s4 ,b 9 reg>d to g5]al gr[? 9 religi\s k1 he advances m rapidly ?an 8 fell[-wor%ipp]s1 because ! exig5cies ( 8 class compel him to a /ate ( m9d ! v opposite ( ?is passive recipi5cy4 ,he is oblig$ to be all ! :ile1 n only le>n+1 b putt+ 8 acquisitions into def9ite %ape = use1 & ! v act ( us+ ^! acquisitions 9 tea*+ a class1 fixes !m 9 8 own m9d1 & makes !m m surely 8 own4 ,i h us$ ?is in/ance ( ! ,sabba?-s*ool tea*] because x en=ces an important h9t already giv51 z to ! mode ( tea*+4 ,"s tea*]s1 especially 9 ,sabba?-s*ools1 seem to be ambiti\s to d a great deal ( talk+4 ,! measure ( _! success1 9 _! own eyes1 is _! ability to keep up a cont9u$ /ream ( talk = ! great] "p ( ! h\r4 ,?is is ( c\rse bett] ?an ! emb>rass+ sil5ce sometimes se51 :]e nei!r tea*] nor s*ol> has any?+ to say4 ,b at ! be/1 x is only ! p\r+ into ! exhau/$ receiv] enact$ ov] aga94 ,we c nev] be rem9d$ too (t51 t !re is no tea*+ except s f> z !re is active cop]ation on ! "p ( ! le>n]4 ,! m9d receiv+ mu/ reproduce & give back :at x gets4 ,?is is ! indisp5sable condition ( mak+ any k really our own4 ,! v be/ tea*+ ,i h ev] se51 has be5 :]e ! tea*] said comp>atively little4 ,! tea*] 0 ( c\rse brimful ( ! subject4 ,he c\ld give ! ne$$ in=mation at exactly ! "r po9t1 & 9 ! "r quantity4 ,b = e ^w giv5 by ! tea*]1 !re 7 _m words ( answ]+ reproduction on ! "p ( ! s*ol>s4 ,y\?ful m9ds "u su* tutelage gr[ apace4 ,x is inde$ a high & difficult a*ievem5t 9 ! educational art1 to get "y p]sons ?us to br+ =? _! ?\ghts freely = exam9ation & correction4 ,a pleasant c\nt5ance & a g5tle mann]1 invit+ & inspir+ confid5ce1 h some?+ to d ) ! matt]4 ,b1 :atev] ! means = accompli%+ ?is end1 ! end itself is indisp5sable4 ,! s*ol>'s tongue mu/ be unloos$1 z well z ! tea*]'s4 ,! s*ol>'s ?\ghts mu/ be broa*$1 z well z ! tea*]'s4 ,inde$1 ! /atem5t ne$s v little qualification or abatem5t1 t a s*ol> has le>n$ no?+ f u except :at he has express$ to u aga9 9 words4 ,! tea*] :o is accu/om$ to h>angue 8 s*ol>s ) a cont9u\s /ream ( words1 no matt] h[ full ( weighty mean+ 8 words may be1 is yet deceiv+ himself1 if he ?9ks t 8 s*ol>s are mat]ially b5efit$ by 8 intellectual activity1 unless x is s guid$ z to awak5 & ex]cise !irs4 ,if1 aft] a suitable p]iod1 he w hone/ly exam9e 8 s*ol>s on ! subjects1 on :i* he has himself be5 s productive1 he w f9d t he has be5 only p\r+ wat] into a sieve4 ,tea*+ c nev] be ?is "o-sid$ process4 ,( all ! ?+s we attempt1 x is ! "o mo/ ess5tially & necess>ily a cop]ative process4 ,!re mu/ be ! jo9t action ( ! tea*]'s m9d & ! s*ol>'s m9d4 ,a tea*] tea*es at all1 only s f> z he causes ?is coactive en]gy ( ! pupil's m9d4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,que/ion+4 ,! measure ( a tea*]'s success is n :at he himself does1 b :at he gets 8 s*ol>s to d4 ,9 no?+ is ?is m noticeable1 ?an 9 ! diff]5t modes ( putt+ a "q to a s*ol>4 ,"o tea*] w put a "q 9 su* a mann] z to f9d out exactly h[ mu* or h[ little ( ! subject ! *ild kn[s1 & !reby enc\rage c>eful prep>ation2 to give ! pupil an op5 door1 if he really kn[s ! subject1 to express 8 k 9 a way t w be a satisfaction & pleasure to him2 to improve 8 p[] ( expression1 to cultivate 8 memory1 to increase 8 k1 & to make x m ?or\gh & def9ite4 ,ano!r tea*] w put 8 que/ions s z to secure none ( ^! ends1 b on ! contr>y s z to induce a mo/ lam5table degree ( c>elessness & inaccuracy4 ,let me illu/rate ?is po9t1 tak+ an example = great] conv5i5ce f a scriptural subject4 ,suppose x to be a lesson ^u ,*ri/'s temptation1 z record$ 9 ! #d? *apt] ( ,mat!w4 ,! dialogue betwe5 tea*] & s*ol> may be suppos$ to proce$ some:at 9 ?is wise3 ,tea*]4 ,:o 0 l$ up ( ! ,_s into ! wild]ness to be tempt$ ( ! devil8 ,pupil4 ,jesus4 ,t4 ,yes4 ,n[1 :5 ,jesus _h fa/$ =ty days & =ty nights1 he 0 aft]w>d a---- :at8 ,h[ did he feel aft] t8 ,p4 ,hungry4 ,t4 ,yes1 t is "r4 ,he 0 aft]w>d a hung]$4 ,n[1 !n1 ! next s*ol>4 ,:o !n came to ,jesus & said1 ,if ?\ be ! ,son ( ,god1 comm& t ^! /ones be made bread8 7,s*ol> hesitates47 ,t4 ,! t----8 ,p4 ,! tempt]4 ,t4 ,yes1 y are "r4 ,x 0 ! tempt]4 ,:o d y ?9k is meant by ! tempt]8--! devil8 ,p4 ,yes4 ,t4 ,:5 a man has fa/$1 t is1 has eat5 no?+1 = =ty days & =ty nights1 & feels v hungry1 w\ld ! sugge/ion ( an easy mode ( gett+ food be likely to be a /rong temptation to him1 or w\ld x n8 ,p4 ,x w\ld4 ,t4 ,yes1 y are "r aga94 ,x w\ld be a /rong temptation to him4 ,i ne$ n pursue ?is dialogue fur!r4 ,! read] w see at once h[ !re may ?us be ! appe>ance ( q a brisk & flu5t recitation1 to :i* h[ev] ! pupil contributes absolutely no?+4 ,x requires no?+ ( him 9 ! way ( prep>ation1 & only ! mo/ indol5t & pr(itless use ( 8 faculties :ile recit+4 ,he c\ld h>dly answ] amiss1 unless he 7 an idiot1 & yet he has ! appe>ance1 & he is (t5 flatt]$ into ! belief1 ( hav+ giv5 "s evid5ce ( k & pr(ici5cy4 ,! opposite extreme f ! me?od j exhibit$1 is t kn[n z ! topical me?od4 ,x is ! me?od pursu$ 9 ! high] classes ( s*ools1 & among m advanc$ /ud5ts4 ,9 ! topical me?od1 ! tea*] prop\nds a topic or subject1 sometimes 9 ! =m ( a "q1 b m commonly only by a title1 a m]e ^w or two1 & !n calls ^u ! pupil to give1 9 8 own words1 a full & connect$ n>ration or explanation ( ! subject1 su* z ! tea*] himself w\ld give1 if call$ ^u to n>rate or expla9 x4 ,! subject already sugge/$1 if pr(\nd topically1 w\ld be some:at 9 ?is wise3 ,! fir/ temptation ( ,jesus4 ,or1 m fully3 ,n>rate ! circum/ances ( ! fir/ temptation ( ,jesus1 & %[ :]e9 8 virtue 0 p>ticul>ly tri$ 9 t transaction4 ,! tea*]1 hav+ prop\nd$ ! subject cle>ly to ! class1 !n waits pati5tly1 ma9ta9+ sil5ce himself1 & requir+ ! memb]s ( ! class to be sil5t & att5tive1 until ! pupil int]rogat$ is q ?r\gh1 n hurry+ him1 n int]rupt+ him1 ev5 ) miscall$ helps & h9ts1 b leav+ him to ! free & indep5d5t action ( 8 own faculties1 9 giv+ z full1 connect$1 & complete an acc\nt ( ! matt] z he c4 ,:5 ! pupil is q ?r\gh1 ! tea*] !n1 b n be=e1 makes any corrections or additional /atem5ts t may seem to be ne$$4 ,9 su* an ex]cise z ?is1 ! pupil f9ds ! absolute necessity ( full & ample prep>ation2 he has a p[]ful & heal?y /imulus ?us to prep>e1 9 ! intellectual satisfaction :i* "o always feels 9 ! successful dis*>ge ( any difficult task2 & he acquires a habit ( giv+ complete & accurate expression to 8 k1 by means ( entire s5t5ces1 & )\t ! help ( cat*-words1 or lead+-/r+s ( any k9d4 ,"s classes1 ( c\rse1 are n suffici5tly advanc$ to c>ry out fully ! me?od "h expla9$4 ,b !re are _m int]m$iate me?ods1 f\nd$ on ! same pr9ciple1 & suit$ to *ildr5 9 e /age ( advancem5t4 ,only let x be und]/ood1 :atev] ! /age1 t ! object ( ! recitation is1 n to %[ :at ! tea*] c say or d1 b to secure ! "r ?+ be+ said & done by ! pupil4 ,to recur once m to ! same subject1 ! temptation ( ,*ri/4 ,= a v juv5ile class1 ! que/ion+ might proce$ on ?is wise3 ,t4 ,:]e 0 ,jesus l$ aft] 8 baptism8 ,p4 ,he 0 l$ into ! wild]ness4 ,t4 ,by :om 0 he l$ !re8 ,p4 ,he 0 l$ by ! ,_s4 ,t4 ,= :at purpose 0 he l$ into ! wild]ness8 ,p4 ,he 0 l$ into ! wild]ness to be tempt$4 ,t4 ,by :om 0 he to be tempt$8 ,p4 ,he 0 to be tempt$ by ! devil4 ,t4 ,:at bodily want 0 made ! means ( 8 fir/ temptation8 ,if ! class is q "y1 & ?is "q seems too difficult1 ! tea*]1 in/ead ( ask+ x1 or aft] ask+ x & n gett+ a satisfactory answ]1 might say to 8 class1 t ,jesus 0 fir/ tempt$ ?r\gh ! s5se ( hung]4 ,he 0 v hungry1 & ! devil sugge/$ to him an improp] means ( reliev+ himself f ! inconv5i5ce4 ,he might !n g on ) "s su* que/ions z ^!3 ,t4 ,:at circum/ance is m5tion$ z %[+ h[ v hungry he mu/ h be58 ,p4 ,he _h fa/$ =ty days & =ty nights4 ,t4 ,m5tion any way 9 :i* y might be tempt$ to s91 if y 7 suff]+ f hung]8 ,! =ego+ que/ions1 x w be p]ceiv$1 are v simple1 be+ suit$ to s*ol>s j advanc$ beyond ! infant class4 ,yet no "o ( ! que/ions1 9 its =m1 or t]ms1 necess>ily sugge/s ! answ]4 ,no "o ( !m c be answ]$ by a m]e yes or no4 ,no s*ol>1 unacqua9t$ ) ! subject1 & ) 8 book clos$1 c guess at ! answ] f ! way 9 :i* ! "q is put4 ,n a "q has be5 giv51 simple z !y all are1 :i* does n require "s prep>ation1 & :i* does n1 to "s ext5t1 give ex]cise to ! pupil's memory1 8 judgm5t1 & 8 capacity = expression4 ,if ! class is m advanc$1 ! que/ions may be v>i$1 s z to task & ex]cise ^! faculties m s]i\sly4 ,= in/ance1 ! tea*] ( a class some:at old] might be imag9$ to beg9 ! ex]cise ?us3 ,t4 ,aft] ! baptism ( ,jesus1 :i* closes ! #c;d *apt] ( ,mat!w1 we h an acc\nt ( sev]al temptations to :i* he 0 expos$4 ,n[1 op5 y\r books at ! #d? *apt]1 & see if y c f9d out h[ _m v]ses are occupi$ ) ! n>rative ( ^! temptations1 & at :at v]se ea* temptation beg9s4 ,! tea*] !n requires all ! class to se>* 9 sil5ce1 & ea* "o to get ready to answ]1 b lets no answ] be giv5 until all are prep>$4 ,:5 all h signifi$ _! read9ess1 "s "o is designat$ to give ! answ]4 ,! books be+ clos$1 ! que/ion+ beg9s3 ,t4 ,"n ! diff]5t places into :i* ,jesus 0 tak5 to be tempt$1 & ! v]se 9 :i* ea* place is nam$4 ,p4 ,x is said 9 ! #a/ v]se t ,jesus 0 l$ up into ! wild]ness2 9 ! #e? v]se1 t he 0 tak5 up into ! holy city1 & set on a p9nacle ( ! temple2 & 9 ! #h? v]se1 t he 0 tak5 up into an exce$+ly high m\nta94 ,t4 ,:at 0 ! condition ( ,jesus1 :5 ! devil propos$ 8 fir/ temptation8 ,p4 ,he _h be5 fa/+ =ty days & =ty nights1 & he 0 v hungry4 ,i ne$ n multiply ^! illu/rations4 ,i h n made !m entirely 9 va91 if ,i h succe$$ 9 produc+ 9 ! m9d ( ! read] ! conviction ( ^! two ?+s3 fir/1 t x is a mo/ important & difficult "p ( ! tea*]'s art1 to "k h[ to ask a "q2 & secondly1 t ! true measure ( ! tea*]'s ability is1 n s mu* :at he himself is able to say to ! s*ol>s1 z ! fulness1 ! accuracy1 & ! complet5ess ( ! answ]s :i* he gets f !m4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,tra9+4 ,^! two processes practically run into ea* o!r a good deal1 b !y ought n to be conf\nd$4 ,tra9+ implies m or less ( practical application ( :at "o has be5 taught4 ,"o may be taught1 = in/ance1 ! exact =ms ( ! lett]s us$ 9 writ+1 s z to "k at once by ! eye :e!r ! lett]s are =m$ correctly or n4 ,b only tra9+ & practice w make him a p5man4 ,tra9+ ref]s m to ! =mation ( habits4 ,a *ild may by reason+ be taught ! importance ( punctuality 9 com+ to s*ool2 b he is tra9$ to ! habit ( punctuality only by actually com+ to s*ool 9 good "t1 day aft] day4 ,! human ma*9e on :i* ! tea*] acts1 is 9 its ess5tial nature diff]5t f ! mat]ial ag5cies op]at$ on by o!r eng9e]s4 ,x is1 z ,i h once & aga9 said1 a liv+ p[]1 ) laws & processes ( its own4 ,con/ant c>e1 !re=e1 mu/ be ex]cis$1 9 ! bus9ess ( education1 n to be misl$ by analogies drawn f ! mat]ial _w4 ,! /eam-eng9e may g ov] its appo9t$ task1 day aft] day1 ! :ole ye> r\nd1 & yet1 at ! end ( ! ye>1 x w h no m t5d5cy to g ?an be=e its fir/ trip4 ,n s ! boy4 ,go+ begets go+4 ,by do+ a ?+ (t51 he acquires a facility1 an incl9ation1 a t5d5cy1 a habit ( do+ x4 ,if a tea*] or a p>5t succe$s 9 gett+ a *ild to d a ?+ once1 x w be easi] to get him to d x a second "t1 & /ill easi] a ?ird "t4 ,a tea*] :o is wise1 :5 he seeks to br+ ab\t any giv5 *ange 9 a *ild1 :e!r x be intellectual or moral1 w n ord9>ily attempt to produce ! *ange all at once1 & by ma9 =ce4 ,he w n rely ^u extravagant promises on ! "o side1 nor ^u scold+1 ?reats1 & viol5ce on ! o!r4 ,solomon hits ! idea exactly1 :5 he speaks ( lead+ 9 ! way ( righte\sness4 ,we mu/ take ! "y by ! h& & lead !m4 ,:5 we h l$ !m ov] ! gr\nd once1 let u d x a second "t1 & !n a ?ird "t1 & s keep on1 until we %all h e/abli%$ ) !m a r\t9e1 :i* !y w cont9ue to foll[ ( _! own accord1 :5 ! guid+ h& :i* fir/ l$ !m is )drawn4 ,?is is tra9+4 ,! !ory ( x is true1 n only 9 reg>d to ?+s to be done1 :i* is g5]ally admitt$1 b also 9 reg>d to ?+s to be kn[n1 :i* is (t5 ignor$ if n d5i$4 ,a boy1 we w say1 has a repugnance to ! /udy ( ari?metic4 ,p]haps he is p>ticul>ly dull ( compreh5sion on t subject4 ,we %all n remove t repugnance by rail+ at him4 ,we %all nev] make him admire x by expatiat+ on its beauties4 ,x w n become cle> to 8 compreh5sion by our p\r+ ^u x all at once a sudd5 & ov]p[]+ blaze ( light 9 ! way ( explanation4 ,su* a process r conf\nds him4 ,"h aga9 let u fall back ^u ! me?od ( ! great ,tea*]1 ,l9e ^u l9e1 precept ^u precept4 ,we w fir/ pati5tly conduct our boy ?r\gh "o ( ! simple/ op]ations ( ari?metic1 say1 a sum 9 addition4 ,! next day we w conduct him aga9 ?r\gh ! same process1 or ?r\gh ano!r ( ! same sort4 ,! /eps w gradually become famili> to 8 m9d1 !n easy1 !n cle>4 ,he le>ns fir/ ! practice ( ari?metic1 !n ! rules1 !n ! relations ( numb]s1 !n ! !ory on :i* ! rules & ! practice are bas$1 & f9ally1 he h>dly kn[s h[1 he becomes an ari?metician4 ,he has be5 tra9$ into a k ( ! subject4 ,y wi% to tea* a "y *ild h[ to f9d a ^w 9 a diction>y4 ,y give at fir/1 p]haps1 a v]bal description ( ! my/]y ( a diction>y4 ,y w tell him t1 9 su* a book1 all ! words are arrang$ accord+ to ! lett]s ) :i* !y beg92 t all ! words beg9n+ ) ! lett] ,a are 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! book2 !n ^? beg9n+ ) ! lett] ,b1 !n ^? beg9n+ ) ,c1 & s on2 y tell him t all ! words beg9n+ ) "o lett]1 cov]+ "s "o or two hundr$ pages1 are aga9 re-arrang$ among !mselves accord+ to ! second lett] ( ea* ^w1 & !n aga9 /ill fur!r re-arrang$ accord+ to ! ?ird lett] 9 ea*1 & s on to ! end4 ,ar\se 8 utmo/ att5tion1 & expla9 ! process ) ! greate/ cle>ness t words c give1 & !n set him to f9d a ^w4 ,see h[ awkw>d w be 8 fir/ attempt1 h[ confus$ 8 ideas1 h[ little he has really und]/ood :at y h told him4 ,y mu/ repeat y\r directions pati5tly1 ov] & ov]1 l9e ^u l9e2 y mu/ take him by ! h& day aft] day1 & tra9 him into a k ( ev5 s app>5tly simple a ?+ z f9d+ a ^w 9 a diction>y4 ,:ile tea*+ & tra9+ are ?us di/+ui%able 9 !ory1 9 practice !y are well nigh insep>able4 ,at lea/1 !y nev] %\ld be sep>at$4 ,tea*+ has nev] done its p]fect "w1 until1 by tra9+1 ! m9d has le>n$ to run 9 accu/om$ *annels1 until x sees :at is true1 & feels :at is "r1 ) ! cle>ness1 =ce1 & promptitude1 :i* come only f long-cont9u$ habit4 ,,iv4 ,,modes ,,( ,,he>+ ,,recitations4 ,! fir/ t ,i %all "n is call$ ! ,conc]t ,me?od4 ,?is is practis$ *iefly 9 s*ools = v "y *ildr51 especially = ^? :o _c read4 ,!re are _m advantages 9 ?is me?od1 "s ( :i* are n conf9$ to infant classes4 ,! timid1 :o are fright5$ by ! s\nd ( _! own voices :5 attempt+ to recite alone1 are !reby enc\rag$ to speak out2 & ^? :o h _h any exp]i5ce ) su* *ildr51 "k t ?is is no small1 or easy1 or unimportant a*ievem5t4 ,ano!r b5efit ( ! me?od is ! pleasure x gives ! *ildr54 ,! measur$ noise & motion connect$ ) su* conc]t ex]cises1 are p>ticul>ly attractive to "y *ildr54 ,moreov]1 "o good tea*]1 by ! use ( ?is me?od1 may greatly multiply 8 effici5cy4 ,he may tea* simultane\sly fifty or sixty1 in/ead ( tea*+ only five or six4 ,b 9 e/imat+ ?is advantage1 "o error is to be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,visitors (t5 he> a l>ge class ( fifty or m g ?r\gh an ex]cise ( ?is k9d1 9 :i* ! s*ol>s h be5 drill$ to recite 9 conc]t2 & if su* p]sons h nev] be5 accu/om$ to inve/igate ! fact1 !y (t5 suppose t ! answ]s giv5 are ! intellig5t responses ( all ! memb]s ( ! class4 ,! tru? is1 h[ev]1 9 v _m su* cases1 t only "s half doz5 or s really recite ! answ]s f _! own indep5d5t k4 ,^! s]ve z lead]s2 ! o!rs1 %eep-l1 foll[4 ,/ill1 by frequ5t repetition1 ev5 9 ?is bl9d way1 some?+ gradually /icks to ! memory1 al?\gh ! impression is always apt to be vague & undef9$4 ,! me?od ( recit+ 9 conc]t is *iefly useful 9 recit+ rules & def9itions1 or o!r matt]s1 :]e ! v words are to be committ$ to memory4 ,! impression ( s l>ge a body ( s\nd ^u ! e> is v /rong1 & is a great help 9 ! matt] ( m]e v]bal recollection4 ,*ildr5 too are v sympa!tic1 & a really skilful tea*]1 by ! conc]t me?od1 c d a great deal 9 cultivat+ ! emotional nature ( a l>ge class4 ,"y *ildr51 too1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 l all o!r "y animals1 are by nature re/less & fidgety1 & l to make a noise4 ,x is possible1 inde$1 by a sy/em ( rigor\s & h>% repression1 to re/ra9 ?is re/lessness1 & to keep ^! little ones = h\rs 9 su* a /ate ( decor\s primness z n to mole/ weak n]ves4 ,b su* a sy/em ( =c$ con/ra9t is n natural to *ildr51 & is n a wise me?od ( tea*+4 ,let ! y\ng/]s make a noise2 ,i _h almo/ said1 ! m noise ! bett]1 s x be duly regulat$4 ,let !m ex]cise1 n only _! lungs1 b _! limbs1 mov+ 9 conc]t1 ris+ up1 sitt+ d[n1 turn+ r\nd1 m>*+1 rais+ _! h&s1 po9t+ to objects to :i* _! att5tion is call$1 look+ at objects :i* are %[n to !m4 ,movem5t & noise are ! life ( a *ild4 ,!y %\ld be regulat$ inde$1 b n repress$4 ,to make a "y *ild sit /ill & keep sil5ce = any great l5g? ( "t1 is next door to murd]4 ,i v]ily believe x sometimes is murd]4 ,! heal?1 & ev5 ! lives ( ^! little ones1 are sacrific$ to a false !ory ( tea*+4 ,!re is no occasion = tortur+ a *ild 9 ord] to tea* him4 ,god did n s mean x4 ,only let y\r tea*+ be 9 accordance ) ! wants ( 8 "y nature1 & ! s*ool-room w be to him ! mo/ attractive spot ( all ! e>?4 ,"t & aga9 h ,i se5 ! tea*] ( a prim>y s*ool oblig$ at recess to compel h] *ildr5 to g out ( doors1 s mu* m pleasant did !y f9d ! s*ool-room ?an ! play-gr\nd4 ,q ! opposite extreme f ! conc]t me?od1 is t :i*1 = conv5i5ce1 may be call$ ! individual me?od4 ,9 ?is me?od1 ! tea*] exam9es "o s*ol> alone ^u ! :ole lesson1 & !n ano!r1 & s on1 until ! class is complet$4 ,! only advantage claim$ = ?is me?od is1 t ! individual lagg>d _c scre5 8 defici5cies1 z he c :5 recit+ 9 conc]t4 ,he _c make believe to "k ! lesson by lazily jo9+ 9 ) ! g5]al curr5t ( voice :5 ! answ]s are giv54 ,8 own individual k1 or ignorance1 /&s out4 ,?is is cle>1 & s f> x is an advantage4 ,b asc]ta9+ :at a pupil kn[s ( a lesson1 is only "o end1 & t by no means ! mo/ important end ( a recitation4 ,?is int]view betwe5 ! pupil & tea*]1 call$ a recitation1 has _m ends besides t ( m]ely detect+ h[ mu* ( a subject ! pupil kn[s4 ,a f> high] end is to make him "k m1--to make p]fect t k :i* ! mo/ fai?ful prep>ation on ! "p ( ! pupil always leaves incomplete4 ,! disadvantages ( ! individual me?od are obvi\s4 ,x is a great wa/e ( "t4 ,if a tea*] has a class ( tw5ty1 & an h\r to he> !m 91 x gives him b ?ree m9utes = ea* pupil1 suppos+ !re are no int]ruptions4 ,b !re always are int]ruptions4 ,9 public s*ools ! class (t5] numb]s =ty ?an tw5ty1 & ! "t = recitation is (t5] half an h\r ?an an h\r4 ,! tea*] :o pursues ! individual me?od to its extreme1 w r>ely f9d himself 9 possession ( m ?an "o m9ute to ea* s*ol>4 ,9 s brief a "t1 v little c be asc]ta9$ z to :at ! s*ol> kn[s ( ! lesson1 & /ill less c any?+ be done to increase t k4 ,moreov]1 :ile ! tea*] is be/[+ 8 small modicum ( "t ^u "o s*ol>1 all ! o!r memb]s ( ! class are idle1 or worse4 ,tea*+1 ( all k9ds ( labor1 is t 9 :i* labor-sav+ & "t-sav+ me?ods are ( ! greate/ mom5t4 ,! tea*] :o is wise1 w aim s to conduct a recitation t1 fir/1 8 :ole "t %all be giv5 to e s*ol>2 & secondly1 ea* s*ol>'s m9d %all be ex]cis$ ) e "p ( ! lesson1 & j z mu* :5 o!rs are recit+1 z :5 x is 8 own "t to recite4 ,a tea*] :o c d ?is is tea*+ e s*ol>1 all ! "t1 j z mu* z if he _h no s*ol> b t "o4 ,ev5 ?is does n /ate ! :ole case4 ,a s*ol> 9 su* a class le>ns m 9 a giv5 "t1 ?an he w\ld if he 7 alone & ! tea*]'s entire "t 7 giv5 exclusively to him4 ,! human m9d is wond]fully quick5$ by sympa?y4 ,9 a cr[d ea* cat*es1 9 "s my/]i\s mann]1 an impulse f 8 fell[s4 ,! influ5ce ( associat$ numb]s1 all engag$ ^u ! same ?\ght1 is univ]sally to r\se ! m9d to a high] ex]cise ( its p[]s4 ,a m9d t is dull1 le?>gic1 & heavy 9 its movem5ts :5 mov+ solit>ily1 (t5 effects1 :5 "u a social & sympa!tic impulse1 a*ievem5ts t are a wond] to itself4 ,! tea*]1 !n1 :o kn[s h[ ?us to make a unit ( tw5ty or ?irty pupils1 really multiplies himself tw5ty or ?irty-fold1 besides giv+ to ! :ole class an increas$ mom5tum su* z always belongs to an aggregat$ mass4 ,i h se5 a tea*] in/ruct a class ( =ty 9 su* a way1 z1 9 ! fir/ place1 to secure ! subord9ate end ( asc]ta9+ & regi/]+ ) a suffici5t degree ( exactness h[ mu* ea* s*ol> kn[s ( ! lesson by 8 own prep>ation1 & secondly1 to secure1 dur+ ! :ole h\r1 ! active ex]cise & cop]ation ( ea* individual m9d1 "u ! p[]ful /imulus ( ! social in/9ct1 & ( a ke5ly awak5$ att5tion4 ,su* a tea*] accompli%es m 9 "o h\r ?an ! slave ( ! individual me?od c accompli% 9 =ty h\rs4 ,a s*ol> 9 su* a class le>ns m 9 "o h\r ?an he w\ld le>n 9 =ty h\rs1 9 a class ( equal numb]s taught on ! o!r plan4 ,su* tea*+ is labor-sav+ & "t-sav+1 9 _! highe/ p]fection1 employ$ ^u ! noble/ ( ends4 ,v4 ,,on ,,obs]v+ ,a ,,prop] ,,ord] ,,9 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,m5tal ,,faculties4 ,education may be def9$ to be ! process ( develop+ 9 due ord] & proportion all ! good & desirable p>ts ( human nature4 ,on ?is po9t all educators are sub/antially agre$4 ,ano!r tru?1 to :i* !re is a g5]al !oretical ass5t1 is1 t1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* we develop ! faculties1 we %\ld foll[ ! lead+s ( nature1 cultivat+ 9 *ildhood ^? faculties :i* seem mo/ naturally to fl\ri% 9 *ildi% ye>s1 & res]v+ = matur] ye>s ! cultivation ( ^? faculties :i* 9 ! ord] ( nature d n %[ mu* vigor until ne> ! age ( manhood1 & :i* require = _! full developm5t a g5]al rip5+ ( all ! o!r p[]s4 ,! developm5t ( a human be+ is 9 "s respects l t ( a plant4 ,!re is "o /age ( gr[? suitable = ! appe>ance & maturity ( ! leaf1 ano!r = ! fl[]1 a ?ird = ! fruit1 & /ill a f\r? = ! p]fect$ & rip5$ se$4 ,! analogy has ( c\rse _m limitations4 ,9 ! human plant1 = in/ance1 "o class ( faculties1 aft] matur+1 does n disappe> 9 ord] to make place = ano!r class1 z ! fl[] disappe>s be=e !re c be fruit4 ,nor1 aga91 is any class ( faculties want+ altoge!r until ! season = _! developm5t & maturity4 ,! faculties all exi/ toge!r--leaf1 fl[]1 fruit1 & se$--at ! same "t1 b ea* has its own be/ "t = rip5+4 ,:ile ^! pr9ciples h receiv$ ! g5]al ass5t ( educators1 !re has be5 a wide div]g5ce among !m z to "s ( ! practical applications4 ,:i* faculties d mo/ naturally rip5 e>ly 9 life1 & :i* late 9 life8 ,accord+ to my own obs]vation1 ! late/ ( ! human p[]s 9 matur+1 z x is ! mo/ consummate1 is ! ,judgm5t4 ,next 9 ! ord] ( maturity1 & next also 9 maje/y & excell5ce1 is ! ,reason+ p[]4 ,reason is m9i/] to ! judgm5t1 furni%+ to ! latt] mat]ials = its action1 z all ! o!r p[]s1 memory1 fancy1 imag9ation1 & s =?1 are m9i/]s to reason1 & supply x ) its mat]ials4 ,! reason+ p[] lacks true vigor & muscle1 ! judgm5t is little to be reli$ on1 until we approa* manhood4 ,nature )holds f ^! faculties an e>li] developm5t1 = ! v reason1 app>5tly1 t !y c ord9>ily h b scanty mat]ials = action until aft] ! effloresc5ce ( ! o!r faculties4 ,! m9d mu/ fir/ be well fill$ ) k1 :i* ! o!r faculties h ga!r$ & /or$1 be=e reason & judgm5t c h full scope = action4 ,go+ to ! o!r end ( ! scale1 ,i h z little d\bt t ! e>lie/ ( all ! faculties to bud & blossom1 is ! ,memory4 ,*ildr5 n only commit to memory ) ease1 b !y take actual pleasure 9 x4 ,tasks1 "u :i* ! gr[n-up man recoils & reels1 ! *ild w assume ) light he>t1 & execute )\t fatigue4 ,committ+ to memory1 :i* is repulsive drudg]y to ! man1 is ! easie/ ( all tasks to ! *ild4 ,m ?an ?is4 ,! ?+s fix$ 9 ! memory ( *ildhood are seldom =gott54 ,?+s le>n$ lat] 9 life1 n only are le>n$ ) great] difficulty1 b m rapidly disappe>4 ,i recall in/antly & )\t ef=t1 texts ( ,scripture1 hymns1 cate*isms1 rules ( gramm> & ari?metic1 & scraps ( poetry & ( classic au?ors1 ) :i* ,i became famili> :5 a boy4 ,b x is a labor ( ,h]cules = me to repeat by memory any?+ acquir$ s9ce atta9+ ! age ( manhood4 ,! ,creator seems to h arrang$ an ord] 9 ! natural developm5t ( ! faculties = ?is v purpose1 t 9 *ildhood & y\? we may be *iefly occupi$ ) ! accumulation ( mat]ials 9 our intellectual /oreh\se4 ,n[ to rev]se ?is process1 to occupy ! immature m9d ( *ildhood *iefly ) ! cultivation ( faculties :i* are ( lat] gr[?1 & actually to put %ackles & re/ra9ts ^u ! memory1 nicknam+ & ridicul+ all memorit] ex]cises z p>rot p]=mances1 is to ignore "o ( ! prim>y facts ( human nature4 ,x is to be wis] ?an ,god4 ,ano!r faculty t %oots up into full gr[? 9 ! v morn+ & spr+-"t ( life1 is ,fai?4 ,i speak "h1 ( c\rse1 n ( religi\s belief1 b ( t faculty ( ! human m9d :i* leads a *ild to believe in/9ctively :atev] is told him4 ,t we all d ?us believe until by sl[ & pa9ful exp]i5ce we le>n to d o!rwise1 ne$s no demon/ration4 ,ev]ybody's exp]i5ce atte/s ! fact4 ,x is equally pla9 t ! exi/5ce & maturity ( ?is faculty 9 e>ly *ildhood is a mo/ wise & b5efic5t provision ( nature4 ,h[ sl[ & t$i\s w\ld be ! fir/ /eps 9 k1 7 ! *ild born1 z "s tea*]s seem try+ to make him1 a sceptic1 t is1 ) a m9d :i* refuses to receive any?+ z true1 except :at x has fir/ prov$ by exp]i5ce & reason6 ,on ! contr>y1 h[ mu* is ! acquisition ( k exp$it$1 dur+ ^! ye>s ( helplessness & dep5d5cy1 by ?is spontane\s1 in/9ctive fai? ( *ildhood4 ,! same inf9ite wisdom & love1 :i* 9 ! ord] ( nature provide = ! helpless infant a fa!r & "m to c>e = x1 provide also 9 ! con/itution ( ! infant's m9d t in/9ctive pr9ciple or p[] ( fai?1 :i* alone makes ! fa!r's & "m's love efficaci\s t[>ds its intellectual gr[? & developm5t4 ,( :at use 7 p>5ts or tea*]s1 9 in/ruct+ a *ild :i* requir$ pro( = e /atem5t t fa!r1 "m1 or tea*] gives8 ,h[ cruel to =ce ! confid+ "y he>t into premature scepticism1 by compell+ him to hunt up reasons = ev]y?+1 :5 he has reasons1 to him all-suffici5t1 9 ! fact t fa!r1 "m1 or tea*] told him s8 ,x may seem trifl+ to dwell s long ^u ^! elem5t>y po9ts4 ,yet !re are wide-spread plans ( education :i* violate e pr9ciple "h laid d[n4 ,educators & sy/ems ( education1 enjoy+ ! highe/ popul>ity1 seem to h adopt$ ! !ory1 at lea/ !y tacitly act ^u ! !ory1 t ! fir/ faculty ( ! m9d to be develop$ is ! ,reason+ p[]4 ,inde$1 !y are n f> f ass]t+ t ! :ole bus9ess ( education consi/s 9 ! cultivation ( ?is p[]1 & !y b5d accord+ly _! ma9 en]gies ^u tra9+ "y *ildr5 to g ?r\gh c]ta9 processes ( reason+1 s call$4 ,!y require a *ild to prove ev]y?+ be=e receiv+ x z true2 to reason out a rule = himself = e process 9 ari?metic or gramm>2 to demon/rate ! multiplication-table be=e d>+ to use x1 or to commit x to memory1 if inde$ !y d n =bid entirely its be+ committ$ to memory z too p>rot-l & me*anical4 ,to commit bl9dly to memory preci\s =ms ( tru?1 :i* ! wise & good h hiv$ = ! use ( ! race1 is pooh$ at z old-fogyi%4 ,to receive z true any?+ :i* ! *ild _c fa?om1 & :i* he has n discov]$ or demon/rat$ = himself1 is d5\nc$ z slavi%4 ,all au?ority 9 tea*+1 gr[+ out ( ! age & ! reput$ wisdom ( ! tea*]1 all fai? & rev]5ce 9 ! le>n]1 gr[+ out ( a s5se ( 8 ignorance & dep5d5ce1 are disc>d$1 & ! fright5$ /ripl+ is cont9ually rapp$ on ! knuckles1 if he does n at e /ep %[ ! tru? ( 8 allegations by :at is call$ a c\rse ( reason+4 ,*ildr5 reason1 ( c\rse4 ,!y %\ld be enc\rag$ & taught to reason4 ,no tea*]1 :o is wise1 w neglect ?is "p ( a *ild's intellectual p[]s4 ,b he w n consid] ?is ! season = its ma91 normal developm5t4 ,he w hold ?is subject = ! pres5t subord9ate to _m o!rs4 ,moreov]1 ! me?ods ( reason+1 :i* he does adopt1 w be ( a peculi> k9d1 suit$ to ! nature ( *ildhood1 ! results be+ ma9ly intuitional1 r ?an ! fruits ( =mal logic4 ,to oblige a "y *ild to g ?r\gh a =mal syllogi/ic /atem5t 9 e /ep 9 elem5t>y ari?metic1 = in/ance1 is simply absurd4 ,x makes no?+ pla9 to a *ild's m9d :i* 0 n pla9 be=e4 ,on ! contr>y1 x (t5 makes a muddle ( :at _h be5 p]fectly cle>4 ,:at 0 9 ! cle> sunlight ( intuition1 is n[ 9 a haze1 ?r\gh ! int]v5+ m$ium ( logical t]ms & =ms1 ?r\gh :i* he is oblig$ to look at x4 ,a prim>y tea*] asks h] class ?is "q3 ,if ,i c buy #f m>bles ) #a p5ny1 h[ _m m>bles c ,i buy ) #e p5nies8 ,a bright boy :o %\ld promptly answ] #cj w\ld be %>ply rebuk$4 ,little eight-ye> old ,solon on ! next b5* has be5 bett] tra9$ ?an t4 ,) /ately & solemn enunciation he deliv]s himself ( a p]=mance some:at ( ?is sort4 ,if ,i c buy #f m>bles ) #a p5ny1 h[ _m m>bles c ,i buy ) #e p5nies8 ,answ]--,i c buy #e times z _m m>bles ) #e p5nies z ,i c buy ) #a p5ny4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,i c buy #f m>bles ) #a p5ny1 ,i c buy #e times z _m m>bles ) #e p5nies2 & #e times #f m>bles are #cj m>bles4 ,!re=e1 if ,i c buy #f m>bles ) "o p5ny1 ,i c buy #cj m>bles ) #e p5nies4 ,& ?is is t]m$ reason+6 ,& to tra9 *ildr51 by =c$ & artificial processes1 to g ?r\gh su* a rigm>ole ( words1 is recomm5d$ z a means ( cultivat+ _! reason+ p[] & ( improv+ _! p[] ( expression6 ,x is n pret5d$ t *ildr5 by su* a process become m exp]t 9 reckon+4 ,on ! contr>y1 _! movem5ts z ready reckon]s are ret>d$ by x4 ,in/ead ( le>n+ to jump at once to ! conclusion1 lightn+-l1 by a sort ( intuitional process1 :i* is ( ! v ess5ce ( an exp]t acc\ntant1 !y le>n labori\sly to /ay _! m>* by a cumb]some & confus+ circumlocution ( words4 ,& ! exp5diture ( "t & toil ne$$ to acquire ^! =mulas ( expression1 :i* n9e times out ( t5 are to ^? "y m9ds ! m]e dicta magi/ri1 is ju/ifi$ on ! gr\nd t ! *ildr51 if n le>n+ ari?metic1 are le>n+ to reason4 ,let me n be misund]/ood4 ,i d n advocate ! disuse ( explanations4 ,let tea*]s expla91 let *ildr5 give explanations4 ,let ! rationale ( ! v>i\s processes ?r\gh :i* ! *ild goes1 receive a c]ta9 am\nt ( att5tion4 ,b ! extreme into :i* "s are n[ go+1 9 prim>y education1 is t ( giv+ too mu* "t to explanation & to !ory1 & too little to practice4 ,we rev]se1 too1 ! ord] ( nature 9 ?is matt]4 ,:at x n[ takes weeks & mon?s to make cle> to ! immature und]/&+1 is appreh5d$ at a lat] day ) ease & delight at ! v fir/ /atem5t4 ,!re is a cle> & consi/5t philosophy und]ly+ ?is :ole matt]4 ,x is simply ?is4 ,9 ! heal?y & natural ord] ( developm5t 9 educat+ a "y m9d1 !ory %\ld foll[ practice1 n prec$e x4 ,*ildr5 le>n ! practice ( ari?metic v "y4 ,!y take to x naturally1 & le>n x easily1 & become v rapidly exp]t practical acc\ntants4 ,b ! sci5ce ( ari?metic is q ano!r matt]1 & %\ld n be =c$ ^u !m until a mu* lat] /age 9 _! advancem5t4 ,to h a really correct appreh5sion ( ! pr9ciple ( decimal notation1 = in/ance1 to und]/& t x is purely arbitr>y1 & t we might 9 ! same way take any o!r numb] ?an t5 z ! base ( a num]ical scale1--t we might increase = in/ance by fives1 or eights1 or n9es1 or twelves1 j z well z by t5s--all ?is requires consid]able maturity ( intellect1 & "s subtlety ( reason+4 ,inde$ ,i d\bt :e!r _m ( ! pret5ti\s scioli/s1 :o insi/ s mu* on "y *ildr5 giv+ ! rationale ( ev]y?+1 h !mselves ev] yet made an ultimate analysis ( ! fir/ /ep 9 ari?metical notation4 ,_m ( !m w\ld op5 _! eyes 7 y to tell !m1 = in/ance1 t ! numb] ( f+]s on y\r two h&s may be j z correctly express$ by ! figures #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 or #ae1 z by ! figures #aj1--;a truism p]fectly famili> to e "o acqua9t$ ) ! g5]alizations ( high] ari?metic4 ,yet x is up-hill "w to make ! matt] q cle> to a beg9n]4 ,we may wisely !re=e give our *ildr5 at fir/ an arbitr>y rule = notation4 ,we give !m an equally arbitr>y rule = addition4 ,!y accept ^! rules & "w ^u !m1 & le>n !reby ! practical op]ations ( ari?metic4 ,! !ory w foll[ 9 due "t4 ,:5 p]fectly famili> ) ! practice & ! =ms ( ari?metic1 & suffici5tly mature 9 intellect1 !y awak5 gradually & surely1 & almo/ )\t an ef=t1 to ! beautiful logic :i* und]lies ! sci5ce4 ,h[ d we le>n language 9 *ildhood8 ,is x n solely on au?ority & by example8 ,a *ild :o lives 9 a family :]e no language is us$ b t :i* is logically & grammatically correct1 w le>n to speak ) logical & grammatical correctness long be=e x is able to give any acc\nt ( ! processes ( its own m9d 9 ! matt]1 or inde$ to und]/& ^? processes :5 expla9$ by o!rs4 ,9 o!r words1 practice 9 language prec$es !ory4 ,x %\ld d s 9 o!r ?+s4 ,! p>5t :o %\ld take measures to prev5t a *ild f speak+ its "m tongue1 except j s f> & s fa/ z x c\ld und]/& & expla9 ! subtle logic :i* und]lies all language1 w\ld be q z wise z ! tea*] :o refuses to let a *ild become exp]t 9 practical reckon+1 until x c und]/& & expla9 at e /ep ! rationale ( ! process1--:o w n suff] a *ild to le>n ! multiplication table until x has ma/]$ ! metaphysics ( ! sci5ce ( numb]s1 & c expla9 ) ! =malities ( syllogism exactly h[ & :y sev5 times n9e make sixty-?ree4 ,^! illu/rations h c>ri$ me a little1 p]haps1 f my subject4 ,b !y seem$ necess>y to %[ t ,i am n beat+ ! air4 ,i h fe>$ le/1 9 our v be/ s*ools1 9 ! reb\nd f ! explod$ errors ( ! old sy/em1 we h unconsci\sly run into an error 9 ! opposite extreme4 ,my positions on ! p>ticul> po9t n[ "u consid]ation may be summ$ up briefly1 z foll[s3 #a4 ,9 develop+ ! faculties1 we %\ld foll[ ! ord] ( nature4 #b4 ,! faculties ( memory & fai? %\ld be l>gely ex]cis$ & cultivat$ 9 *ildhood4 #c4 ,:ile ! judgm5t & ! reason+ faculty %\ld be ex]cis$ dur+ e /age ( ! intellectual developm5t1 ! appropriate season = _! ma9 developm5t & culture is ne> ! close1 r ?an ne> ! beg9n+1 ( an educational c\rse4 #d4 ,! me?ods ( reason+ us$ ) *ildr5 %\ld be ( a simple k9d1 deal+ l>gely 9 direct intuitions1 r ?an =mal & syllogi/ic4 #e4 ,x is a mi/ake to sp5d a l>ge am\nt ( "t & ef=t 9 requir+ "y *ildr5 =mally to expla9 ! rationale ( _! intellectual processes1 & especially 9 requir+ !m to give su* explanations be=e !y h become by practice ?or\ghly famili> ) ! processes !mselves4 ,,vi4 ,,tea*+ ,,*ildr5 ,,:at ,,!y ,,d ,,n ,,und]/&4 ,x is n uncommon to he> p]sons declaim aga9/ tea*+ *ildr5 :at !y d n und]/&4 ,if by ?is is meant t *ildr5 %\ld n le>n a set ( words z p>rots d1 m]ely by ! e>1 & )\t atta*+ any idea to :at !y utt]1 no "o w diss5t f ! propriety ( ! rule4 ,b if ! mean+ is t !y %\ld le>n no?+ except :at !y fully compreh5d1 ! rule c]ta9ly ne$s to be h$g$ 9 by "s grave precautions4 ,!re are inde$ few ?+s :i* any "o1 ! olde/ or ! wise/1 fully compreh5ds4 ,:o kn[s :at matt] is8 ,c]ta9ly n ! mo/ em95t ( philosoph]s4 ,!y d n pret5d to "k4 ,we pick up a pebble4 ,:o c tell :at x is1 absolutely8 ,we say t x is some?+ :i* has c]ta9 qualities4 ,b ev5 ^! we "k ma9ly by negations4 ,! pebble is h>d1 t is1 x does n yield to pressure4 ,x is opaque1 t is1 x does n transmit light4 ,x is heavy1 t is1 x does n rema9 /ill1 b goes t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! e>? unless int]cept$ by "s int]pos+ body4 ,:o kn[s ! mean+1 absolutely1 ( a s+le article ( ! ,cre$8 ,c]ta9ly n ! mo/ em95t ( div9es4 ,we "k c]ta9 ?+s ab\t ! great my/]ies ( ! ,godhead1 & ev5 ^! ?+s we "k1 n directly1 b by c]ta9 fa9t1 di/ant analogies1 & we express our k 9 t]ms *os5 ma9ly f ,scripture & arrang$ ) c>e by wise & le>n$ m54 ,^! v5]able =mul>ies1 conta9+ ! mo/ exact v]bal expression :i* ! ,*ur* has be5 able to frame1 ( :at ! ,scriptures tea* ab\t ,god & 8 ways1 we commit to memory1 & we repeat !m ) com=t & edification4 ,b we d n pret5d to p5etrate ! v ess5ce ( _! mean+4 ,:o by se>*+ c f9d out ,god8 ,"o mu/ be ,god himself to und]/& him4 ,we read t ,*ri/ 0 tempt$ ( ! devil 9 ! wild]ness4 ,!re are _m ?+s 9 ?is transaction :i* we may be said1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 to "k4 ,b a man w n proce$ f> 9 analyz+ ?is k be=e he w discov] t !re are my/]ies und]ly+ ! :ole1 :i* he _c p5etrate4 ,he kn[s "s ( ! surface relations4 ,b ! ?+s !mselves1 9 _! ess5ce1 are unkn[n4 ,0 ,*ri/ tempt$1 z ! devil tempts u1 by sugge/+ ?\ghts 9 ! m9d8 ,0 ! devil pres5t 9 a bodily %ape8 ,did he utt] an audible voice1 by undulat+ ! air1 z we d8 ,has he direct relations to matt]1 z we h8 ,h[ c\ld 8 (f] ( worldly p[] & ri*es be any real temptation to ! ,savi\r1 :5 ,jesus knew t ,satan _h no p[] to make 8 (f] good8 ,!re are inde$ few ?+s1 9 revelation or out ( revelation1 9 m9d or 9 matt]1 :i* we really & fully compreh5d4 ,if1 !re=e1 we are to tea* *ildr5 no?+ b :at !y und]/&1 we mu/ ei!r tea* !m no?+ at all1 or our rule mu/ be mat]ially qualifi$4 ,no "o kn[s absolutely b ,god4 ,among creat$ be+s1 !re are almo/ inf9ite gradations ( intellig5ce1 al?\gh ! highe/ creat$ intellig5ce beg9s its range inf9itely bel[ t ( ! ,div9e m9d4 ,a giv5 =mula ( words1 !re=e1 may express v diff]5t degrees ( tru? accord+ to ! degree ( intellig5ce ( ! p>ty us+ x4 ,a cate*ism or a cre$ may convey tw5ty diff]5t degrees ( mean+ to tw5ty successive p]sons1 v>y+ 9 age1 "*1 & culture4 ,yet ! v y\nge/ & feeble/ %all und]/& some?+ ( its mean+1 :ile ! wise/ & olde/ %all n h exhau/$ x4 ,! "y & feeble intellect1 receiv+ a =mula ( tru? ) suitable explanations ( its t]ms1 takes 9 at once a portion ( its mean+ & gradually gr[s into a full] compreh5sion ( :at x has receiv$4 ,a /atem5t ( doctr9e receiv$ by a *ild at ! age ( five1 conveys to him a few feeble rays ( light4 ,! same /atem5t at ! age ( t51 means to him f> m ?an x did be=e1 :ile at tw5ty x is all lum9\s ) k4 ,! m9d itself gr[s & exp&s1 & ) e addition to its own vigor & /ature1 does x f9d new tru?s 9 ^? expressive & pregnant =mulas ( doctr9e ) :i* x has f *ildhood be5 famili>4 ,x is l look+ at a mat]ial object1 fir/ ) ! nak$ eye1 & !n ) glasses ( cont9ually increas$ magnify+ p[]4 ,! m we increase ! p[]1 ! m we see 9 ! same bit ( matt]4 ,yet no glass w ev] reveal to u ! v int]ior ess5ce ( ev5 ! smalle/ p>ticle ( du/4 ,god only kn[s fully ei!r any s+le ?+ or ! sum ( ?+s4 ,because1 h[ev]1 we _c see into ! ess5ce ( a pebble or a gra9 ( s&1 %all we %ut our eyes to x altoge!r8 ,%all we n look at x1 fir/ z an infant does1 !n z a *ild1 !n z a y\?1 !n z a man1 !n z a philosoph]8 ,we c nev] see x z ,god does4 ,b we %all see x ) ev]-gr[+ p[]s ( vision1 until t :i* 0 to u at fir/ only a rude mass becomes an exhau/less organiz$ microcosm ( wond]s4 ,i d n advocate ! ov]load+ ( *ildr5 ) v]bal /atem5ts ( ab/ruse doctr9es1 :e!r ( religion or ( sci5ce4 ,mu* less w\ld ,i turn !m into p>rots1 to repeat phrases to :i* !y atta* no mean+ at all4 ,b :5 x is dem&$1 on ! o!r h&1 t !y %all le>n no?+ b :at !y und]/&1 ,i demur4 ,i ask = explanation ( ! rule4 ,i insi/ t1 e /atem5t ( tru? :i* !y le>n1 ev5 ! mo/ elem5t>y1 conta9s dep?s :i* nei!r !y nor _! tea*]s c fa?om4 ,i insi/ t1 bo? 9 sci5ce & religion1 !re are c]ta9 great1 admitt$ elem5t>y tru?s1 r$uc$ to =ms ( s\nd words ) :i* ! :ole _w is famili>2 & t :ile ^! =mul>ies conta9 _m ?+s :i* a *ild _c und]/&1 !y yet conta9 _m ?+s ( :i* ev5 ! y\nge/ *ild has a fair compreh5sion4 ,i insi/ t a c>efully prep>$ religi\s cre$ or cate*ism1 ev5 ?\gh x conta9s _m ?+s beyond a *ild's pres5t compreh5sion1 is a fit subject = /udy4 ,memory 9 *ildhood is quick & t5aci\s4 ,! treasures fir/ laid away 9 t great /oreh\se are ! la/ to be remov$4 ,!y may be ov]laid by subsequ5t accumulations1 b !y are /ill ready = use4 ,=ms ( s\nd words are c]ta9ly among ! ?+s :i* p>5ts & tea*]s %\ld /ore away 9 ! "y m9ds ( :i* !y h *>ge4 ,if ! *ild does n und]/& all t he ?us places 9 8 memory1 he und]/&s portions ( x j z he sees c]ta9 qualities ( ! pebble :i* he holds 9 8 h&1 & he w see & und]/& m1 z 8 m9d exp&s & 8 p[]s ( spiritual vision increase4 ,,vii4 ,,cultivat+ ,,! ,,memory ,,9 ,,y\?4 ,_m educators n[-a-days are accu/om$ to speak slightly ( ! old-fa%ion$ plan ( committ+ to memory v]ses ( ,scripture1 hymns1 cate*isms1 cre$s1 & o!r =mulas ( doctr9e & s5tim5t 9 religion & sci5ce4 ,_m speak disp>ag+ly ev5 ( memory itself1 & pr(ess to ?9k x a faculty ( m9or importance1 reg>d+ its cultivation z savor+ ( old-fogyism1 & sne]+ at all memorit] ex]cises among *ildr5 z ! *att]+ ( p>rots4 ,x is nev] )\t amazem5t t ,i he> su* utt]ances4 ,memory is ,god's gift1 by :i* alone we are able to reta9 our intellectual acquisitions4 ,)\t x1 /udy is useless1 & education simply an impossibility4 ,)\t x1 !re c\ld be no su* ?+ z gr[? 9 k4 ,we c\ld "k no m to-day ?an we knew ye/]day1 or la/ week1 or la/ ye>4 ,! man w\ld be no wis] ?an ! boy4 ,)\t ?is faculty1 ! m9d w\ld be1 n z n[ l ! prep>$ plate :i* ! photograph] puts 9 8 cam]a1 & :i* reta9s indelibly on its surface ! impressions ( :atev] objects pass be=e x2 b w\ld r be l ! w9d[ pane1 be=e :i* passes f day to day ! gorge\s panorama ( nature1 transmitt+ ) equal & cry/all9e cle>ness ! gold5 glory ( ! sun1 ! pale rays ( ! moon & />s1 ! s(t gre5 ( mead[ & woodl&1 images ( beauty & lovel9ess1 ( light & %ade1 f e object on ! e>? & 9 ! heav5s2 b reta9+ on its own surface n a l9e or a t9t ( ! millions ( rays t h pass$ ?r\gh its sub/ance1 & rema9+ to ! end ! same bit ( transp>5t glass1 un*ang$1 unpr(it$ by ! c\ntless *anges x has receiv$ & transmitt$4 ,memory alone gives value to ! products ( e o!r faculty1 /amp+ !m ) ! seal ( possessor%ip1 & mak+ !m truly ours4 ,9 va9 reason =ges its bolts1 9 va9 imag9ation pa9ts its sc5es1 9 va9 ! s5ses give u a k ( ! %apes & =ms ( ext]nal nature1 9 va9 ideas ( any sort or f any s\rce come into our m9ds1 unless we h ! p[] to reta9 & fix !m !re1 & make !m a "p ( our accumulat$ intellectual weal?4 ,to d ?is is ! (fice ( memory1 & :atev] increases ! activity & p[] ( ! memory1 gives at once value & gr[? to e o!r p[]4 ,memory has be5 well call$ ! /ore-h\se ( our ideas4 ,! illu/ration is true n only 9 its ma9 feature1 b 9 _m ( ! m9or details4 ,! value ( :at a man puts away 9 a /ore-h\se dep5ds mu* ^u ! ord] & sy/em ) :i* ! objects are /or$4 ,! wise & ?rifty m]*ant has b9s & boxes & comp>tm5ts & pigeon-holes1 all arrang$ ) due ord] & symmetry1 & e item ( goods1 z x is add$ to 8 /ock1 is put away at once 9 its appropriate place1 :]e he c lay 8 h&s ^u x :5ev] x is want$4 ,!re %\ld be a l me?od & sy/em 9 our m5tal accumulations4 ,! remembrance ( facts & tru?s is ( little value to u unless we c rememb] !m 9 _! connections1 & c s rememb] !m z to be able to lay our h&s ^u any p>ticul> ?\ght or fact j :5 & :]e x is want$4 ,_m p]sons read & /udy voraci\sly1 fill+ _! m9ds mo/ indu/ri\sly ) k1 b su* a confusion ( ideas prevails ?r\gh\t _! intellectual /ore-h\se1 t _! v weal? is only an emb>rassm5t to !m4 ,! v fir/ rule to be obs]v$1 !re=e1 9 cultivat+ ! memory1 is to r$uce our k to "s sy/em4 ,^? :o are *>g$ ) ! tra9+ ( ! "y %\ld seek n only to /ore _! m9ds ) ideas1 b to pres5t ^! ideas to !m 9 well ord]$ %apes & =ms1 & 9 due logical ord] & coh]5ce4 ,h5ce ! peculi> value ( requir+ *ildr5 at ! prop] age to commit to memory ! gr& =mulas ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 on :i*1 9 e *ur*1 its wise/ & able/ m5 h exp5d$ _! /r5g? 9 plac+ great tru?s 9 connect$ & logical ord] & dep5d5ce4 ,! cre$s & cate*isms ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* are among ! be/ products ( ! human intellect z m]e specim5s ( v]bal /atem5t1 & are valuable1 if = no?+ else1 z a means = ex]cis+ ! memory4 ,a *ild :o has ?or\ghly ma/]$ a good cate*ism has 8 intellectual /ore-h\se already r$uc$ to "s ord] & sy/em4 ,8 m9d is n ! *aos t we s (t5 f9d 9 ^? *ildr5 :o are ga!r$ into our mission s*ools4 ,! objects t are put away = safe-keep+ diff] 9 "o respect f ^? ?+s :i* are /or$ away 9 ! memory4 ,! mat]ial object is ! same1 :e!r we visit & inspect x f day to day or n4 ,! bank]'s doll>s are n increas$ 9 f95ess or value by 8 h&l+ !m ov] c>efully e day4 ,n s ) intellectual co94 ,! m frequ5tly we re-exam9e our k & pass x "u review1 ! m does x become fix$ 9 its "*1 ! m full & exact 9 its proportions4 ,h&l+ x does n we> x out4 ,ev5 giv+ x away does n dim9i% x4 ,9 %ort1 s f> z ! cultivation ( ! memory is conc]n$1 ! next be/ ?+ we c d1 aft] r$uc+ our k to due ord]1 is to give x a frequ5t & ?or\gh re-exam9ation4 ,con/ant1 almo/ endless repetition is ! inexorable price ( s\nd m5tal accumulation4 ,a di/9ction is to be made betwe5 memory z a p[] ( ! m9d & ! remembrance ( p>ticul> facts4 ,"o or two examples w illu/rate ?is diff]5ce4 ,! late ,dr4 ,addison ,alex&]1 ( ! ,!ological ,sem9>y at ,pr9ceton1 _h memory z an intellectual p[] to a degree almo/ m>vell\s4 ,! foll[+ in/ance may be cit$4 ,on "o occasion1 a l>ge class ( =ty or fifty 7 to be matriculat$ 9 ! ,sem9>y 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,faculty4 ,! c]emony ( matriculation 0 v simple4 ,! pr(essors & ! new /ud5ts be+ all assembl$1 9 a l>ge hall1 ea* /ud5t 9 turn pres5t$ himself be=e ! pr(essors1 _h 8 cr$5tials exam9$ by !m1 & if ! same prov$ satisfactory1 ent]$ 8 "n 9 full & 8 resid5ce1 9 ! regi/]4 ,:5 ! matriculation 0 complete & ! /ud5ts _h retir$1 !re 0 "s bant]+ among ! pr(essors z to :i* ( !m %\ld take ! regi/] home & prep>e f x an alphabetical roll1--a "w always consid]$ r t$i\s & irksome4 ,aft] a little hesitation1 ,dr4 ,alex&] said1 ,!re is no ne$ ( tak+ ! regi/] home2 ,i w make ! roll = y2 &1 tak+ a %eet ( pap]1 at once1 f memory1 )\t ref]r+ to ! regi/]1 & m]ely f hav+ he>d ! names z !y 7 record$1 he proce$$ to make out ! roll1 giv+ ! names 9 full & giv+ !m 9 _! alphabetical ord]4 ,?is 0 a prodigi\s feat ( pure memory2 = 9 ord] to make ! alphabetical arrangem5t 9 8 m9d1 be=e committ+ x to pap]1 he mu/ h _h ! entire mass ( names pres5t 9 8 m9d by a s+le act ( ! w4 ,"s ( ! wond]ful games ( *ess p]=m$ by ,paul ,morphy are dep5d5t 9 "p ^u a simil> p[] ( memory1 by :i* ! play] is enabl$ to keep pres5t 9 8 m9d1 )\t see+ ! bo>d1 a long s]ies ( complicat$ evolutions1 pa/ z well z prospective & possible4 ,! same is true ( e great milit>y /rategi/4 ,9 all ^! cases1 !re is an act ( pure memory1 a direct & positive p[] ( summon+ into ! m9d its pa/ exp]i5ces1 su* z c only take place :]e1 ei!r by natural gift or by special tra9+1 ! memory z a faculty ( ! m9d is 9 a high /ate ( vigor4 ,b !re are o!r cases1 9 :i* a man is enabl$ to recall a great numb] ( p>ticul> facts by a species ( artifice or trick1 :i* does n imply any special m5tal p[]1 & ! /udy ( :i* does n t5d1 9 any m>k$ degree1 to develop su* p[]4 ,m ?an ?irty ye>s ago1 ! late ,pr(essor ,dod1 ( ,pr9ceton ,college1 9 lectur+ to a class on ! subject ( light1 0 expla9+ ! sol> spectrum1 & aft] exhibit+ ! sol> ray1 divid$ into its sev5 prim>y colors1 violet1 indigo1 blue1 gre51 yell[1 orange1 & r$1 said1 ,if y w =m a mnemonic ^w ( ! fir/ lett]s ( ea* ( ^! words1 y w be able1 )\t fur!r ef=t1 to rememb] ! ord] ( ! prismatic colors ! re/ ( y\r lives1 & he accord+ly wrote ^u ! bo>d & pron\nc$ ! unc\? & almo/ unpron\nceable ^w1 ,vibgyor1 :i* probably n "o ( u has ev] =gott54 ,an +5i\s ,fr5*man "s ye>s ago trav]s$ ! c\ntry & collect$ l>ge audi5ces by 8 exhibitions ( skill 9 ?is species ( artifice1 & by und]tak+ to initiate 8 he>]s 9 ! me?od ( rememb]+ prodigi\s numb]s ( hi/orical facts by means ( su* artificial contrivances4 ,mnemote*ny1 ! "n :i* he gave to 8 inv5tion1 is m]ely a trick ( ! memory4 ,x is a means ( rememb]+ a p>ticul> set ( facts or ?+s by ! aid ( contrivances purely artificial & arbitr>y4 ,its possession does n imply1 & its cultivation does n produce1 real mnemonic p[]4 ,x und\bt$ly has its uses4 ,b x is r weal? ga9$ by a lott]y ticket ?an a weal?-produc+ p[] acquir$ by wise habits ( bus9ess4 ,9 tea*+ ! "y1 x is well n to neglect ei!r ( ^! pr9ciples4 ,we %\ld give our *ildr5 f "t to "t +5i\s & int]e/+ contrivances = rememb]+ important facts4 ,^! contrivances1 if judici\s 9 plan & execution1 w be great helps to !m4 ,we may 9 ?is way bridge ov] ! difficulty ( rememb]+ _m ( ! important facts & dates 9 hi/ory4 ,i w\ld n disc\rage ^! artificial me?ods4 ,?\gh !y are m]e tricks1 !y are valuable4 ,b !y h by no means ! same value z ^? me?ods ( tea*+ :i* cultivate & produce true mnemonic p[]4 ,?is p[]1 l e o!r m5tal p[]1 is giv5 9 unequal measure to diff]5t individuals4 ,l e o!r m5tal p[]1 also1 x gr[s ma9ly by ex]cise4 ,no p[] ( ! m9d is m capable ( developm5t4 ,i h m5tion$ "s ?+s :i* t5d to ! gr[? ( ?is p[]1 su* z pres5t+ k to *ildr5 9 logical & ord]ly arrangem5t1 & frequ5t re-exam9ation ( k already obta9$4 ,p]haps !re is no quick5] & invigorator ( ! memory equal to t ( recit+ to a judici\s tea*] be=e a l>ge class ( fell[-/ud5ts4 ,by a prop] & skilful use ( ! art ( que/ion+1 "u ! excitem5t ( answ]+ be=e a l>ge class1 ! mnemonic p[] is subject$ to a heal?y & invigorat+ te/1 & all su* ex]cises promote p[]fully ! m5tal gr[?4 ,a *ild may absorb k by m]e solit>y read+ & /udy1 j z a sponge absorbs wat]1 b ! k s acquir$ readily evaporates1 or is squeez$ out4 ,some?+ is ne$$ to fix 9 ! m9d ! k t has be5 lodg$ !re1 & no process is m effectual to ?is end ?an t ( class recitation4 ,x is by tell+ o!r p :at we h le>n$1 t we le>n x m effectually1 & make x m completely our own4 ,a good tea*]1 by good me?ods ( recitation1 c d m ?an all o!r p]sons & all o!r ?+s to secure a s\nd & heal?y gr[? ( memory 9 ! "y4 ,ano!r ?+ highly necess>y 9 cultivat+ a really good memory1 is atta9+ ! utmo/ possible cle>ness 9 our ideas4 ,if ! k1 :5 x fir/ comes into ! m9d1 is cle>ly & %>ply def9$1 s t we really "k a ?+1 in/ead ( hav+ vague & confus$ notions ab\t x1 we %all be ! m likely to rememb] x p]man5tly4 ,no?+ is m conducive t[>ds giv+ ^! %>p & def9ite impressions ?an ! use ( visible illu/rations4 ,actual exhibition be=e a class ( ! objects talk$ ab\t1 actual exp]im5ts ( ! op]ations describ$1 & ! con/ant use ( ! *alk & ! blackbo>d1 pres5t+ ev5 ab/ract tru?s 9 concrete & visible symbols1 z is done 9 algebra1 *emi/ry1 & logic1 are among ! means by :i*1 *iefly1 k becomes well def9$ to ! m9d4 ,su* is ! con/itution ( ! m9d1 t we h a cle>] appreh5sion ( :at we see ?an ( :at comes to u ?r\gh any o!r s5se1 & ! k :i* comes to u by means ( ! sight1 is1 ( all k9ds ( k1 ! mo/ la/+ & ! mo/ easily recall$4 ,h5ce1 9 tea*+1 x is h>dly possible to exagg]ate ! importance ( visible illu/ration4 ,ano!r condition extremely favorable to ! gr[? ( memory1 is ! exi/5ce ( a consid]able degree ( m5tal excitem5t at ! "t t k ent]s ! m9d4 ,metals weld easily only at a :ite heat4 ,if we w\ld obta9 a vigor\s grasp ( k1 & incorporate x ?or\ghly into our o!r m5tal products1 s t x %all become really ours1 !re %\ld be ! gl[ ( m5tal heat at ! "t ( our acquir+ su* k4 ,ideas t come into ! m9d :5 we are 9 an apa!tic /ate1 make no p]man5t lodgm5t4 ,h5ce ! importance ( excit+ a lively int]e/ 9 t :i* is ! subject ( /udy4 ,if ! tea*] has fail$ to excite ?is int]e/1 & f9ds 9 8 class no animation1 no sympa?y1 no eag]ness ( att5tion1 he may be sure t he is n accompli%+ mu*4 ,! *ild mu/1 if possible1 acquire a fondness = t :i* is to be rememb]$4 ,love1 9 fact1 is ! p>5t ( memory4 ,,viii4 ,,k ,,be=e ,,memory4 ,i h _h frequ5t occasion to urge ^u tea*]s ! importance ( cultivat+ ! memory ( _! pupils4 ,! old-fa%ion$ plan ( requir+ ! "y to commit to memory preci\s tru?s1 9 ^? v words 9 :i* wise & f>-?9k+ m5 h h&$ !m d[n to u1 has too mu* gone out ( use4 ,i h felt call$ ^u1 !re=e1 f "t to "t1 to recall to ! m9ds ( tea*]s ! unspeakable importance ( e>ly ex]cis+ ! memory ( *ildr51 & ( /or+ _! memories ) wise say+s & rules4 ,i w\ld n take back any?+ ,i h said on ?is subject1 b r repeat & reit]ate x4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i am aw>e t !re is an extreme 9 ?is direction1 & ,i !re=e put 9 a ^w ( caution4 ,! dang] to :i* ,i ref] is t ( requir+ *ildr5 to commit m]e words1 to :i* !y atta* no mean+1 or )\t _! hav+ any real k ( ! ?+s express$ by ! words4 ,( c\rse !re is mu* 9 ! =mulas & rules ( sci5ce t ! immature m9ds ( *ildr5 _c entirely compreh5d1 & ,i am f> f say+ t a *ild %\ld commit no?+ except :at x c compreh5d4 ,b :atev] 9 a rule or a doctr9e !y c und]/&1 %\ld be dilig5tly expla9$ to !m1 & ! +5uity ( tea*]s %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 awak5+ ! m9ds ( _! s*ol>s to ! appreh5sion ( real k z a prelim9>y to ! act ( committ+ x to memory4 ,an example or two w illu/rate my mean+4 ,*ildr5 at s*ool are requir$ to commit to memory ! tables ( weights & measures4 ,! ex]cise is "o ( ackn[l$g$ & indisp5sable importance4 ,b x is possible = a *ild to repeat "o ( ^! tables ) entire glibness & accuracy1 pretty mu* z he w\ld :i/le ,yankee ,doodle1 )\t any appreh5sion ( ! actual ?+s :i* ! t]ms ( ! table repres5t4 ,he may le>n to say sixty seconds make a m9ute1 sixty m9utes make a degree1 ?ree hundr$ & sixty degrees make a circle1 ) no m idea ( ! ?+s express$ by ?is =mula ( words1 ?an ! p>rot :o has be5 taught to say1 ,y are a big fool4 ,if ! tea*] w %[ ! *ild an actual circle1 ) ! degrees1 m9utes1 & seconds m>k$1 & w let him c\nt !m = himself1 s t he has a real k ( ! ?+s1 he w !n n only commit ?is =mula ( words to memory m easily1 b ! k itself w promote 8 m5tal gr[?4 ,he w be fe$+ on real k1 n on its husks4 ,s 9 le>n+ ab\t in*es1 feet1 y>ds1 rods1 & miles1 let ! tea*]1 ) foot-rule & y>d-/ick1 %[ :at ^! measures really are1 let him by "s famili> in/ance give ! *ild an idea ( :at a mile is1 & !n let ! memory be invok$ to /ore up ! k ga9$4 ,s ) ounces1 p\nds1 & hundr$-weights4 ,s ) gills1 qu>ts1 & gallons4 ,! common weights & measures are z necess>y 9 ! s*ool-room z are spell+-books & ari?metics4 ,! actual weights & measures1 s f> z possible1 %\ld be exhibit$1 %\ld be se5 & h&l$1 & ! *ild's m9d made to grasp ! v ?+s :i* ! t]ms express1 t is1 he %\ld fir/ get real k1 & !n he %\ld /ore 8 memory ) x 9 exact words & =ms ( expression4 ,?is is ! true m5tal ord]4 ,k fir/1 !n memory4 ,get k1 !n keep x4 ,any o!r plan is l attempt+ to become ri* by inflat+ y\r bags ) w9d1 in/ead ( fill+ !m ) gold1 or attempt+ to gr[ fat by bolt+ food 9 a =m :i* y _c dige/4 ,"s tea*]s1 9 _! fe> ( cramm+ *ildr5 ) words1 sp5d _! :ole "t & en]gy 9 awak5+ ?\ght1 & none 9 fix+ ^u ! memory ! ?\ghts :i* h be5 awak5$4 ,!y are s mu* afraid ( mak+ *ildr5 p>rots1 t !y disc>d rules entirely 9 tea*+1 or require pupils to frame rules = !mselves4 ,?is is to g into ! opposite extreme4 ,! rules & =mulas ( sci5ce require ! greate/ c>e & consid]ation1 & a l>ge & v>i$ k4 ,few ev5 ( m5 ( le>n+ & ( ^? specially skill$ 9 ! mean+ ( words & ! use ( language1 are qualifi$ to frame sci5tific rules & propositions4 ,to suppose t "y *ildr51 j beg9n+ to feel _! way into any dep>tm5t ( sci5ce1 are compet5t to su* a task1 is simply absurd4 ,yet ?is is by no means uncommon4 ,a tea*] w conduct a boy intellig5tly & skilfully ?r\gh ! process ( do+ a sum 9 ari?metic1 or analyz+ a s5t5ce 9 gramm>1 & !n say to him1 ,n[1 =m a rule = y\rself1 /at+ h[ su* ?+s %\ld be done4 ,! fir/ /ep "h is "r4 ,take y\r pupil by ! h&1 & conduct him ?r\gh ! process or ?+ to be done4 ,?is is necess>y to enable him to und]/& ! rule4 ,b :5 he ?us gets ! idea1 !n give him ! rule or pr9ciple1 z x is laid d[n 9 ! book1 9 exact & well consid]$ words1 & let him commit ^? words ?or\ghly to memory1 )\t ! *ange or ! omission ( a ^w or a lett]4 ,:at is ?us true z to ! me?od ( tea*+ ! common bran*es ( k1 is equally true 9 ! /udy ( religi\s k4 ,i w\ld n set a *ild to fram+ a cre$ or a cate*ism1 nor1 on ! o!r h&1 w\ld ,i require him to commit su* =mulas to memory1 )\t mak+ "s attempt to awak5 9 8 m9d previ\sly an appreh5sion ( ! ideas :i* ! cre$ or =mula conta9s4 ,i d n say t a *ild's m9d is compet5t to grasp all ! tru?s embrac$ 9 ^! symbols4 ,b !re is no portion ( any religi\s cre$ or cate*ism t ,i h ev] se51 "s ( ! t]ms ( :i* are n capable ( be+ appreh5d$ by *ildr54 ,a wise tea*]1 9 und]tak+ to indoctr9ate a *ild 9 su* a =mula1 w beg9 by %[+ him z f> z possible :at ! words mean1 by excit+ 9 him ideas on ! subject1 by fill+ 8 m9d ) actual k ( ! tru?s conta9$ 9 ! =mula4 ,!n1 :5 ! words ( ! =mula h become to ! *ild's m9d in/9ct ) mean+ & life1 ! tea*] w pause to /amp !m 9 ^u ! memory4 ,t is ! way to /udy a cate*ism4 ,fir/1 give ! *ild1 s f> z possible1 ! mean+1 !n gr9d ! words into him4 ,d n set him to mak+ a cate*ism2 d n let him /op at und]/&+ ! mean+1 )\t committ+ ! words4 ,two phrases w cov] ! :ole gr\nd4 ,k be=e memory4 ,memory z well z k4 ,,ix4 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,words4 ,words gov]n ! _w4 ,let any "o :o d\bts x1 canvass ! motives by :i* 8 own action is decid$4 ,consid]ations are pres5t$ to 8 m9d1 %[+ him t a c]ta9 c\rse ( conduct is "r1 or good1 or exp$i5t1 or pleasant1 & he adopts x4 ,! consid]ations pres5t$ to 8 m9d decide 8 action4 ,b ^? consid]ations are 9 ! =m ( argum5ts1 & ^? argum5ts exi/ 9 words4 ,! true orig9al p[]1 inde$1 is 9 ! ?\ght4 ,x is ! ?9k] :o g5]ates ! /eam4 ,b ?\ght unexpress$ accompli%es no?+4 ,! writ] & ! speak] eng9e] x into action4 ,?\ght1 inde$1 ev5 9 ! m9d ( its orig9ator1 exi/s 9 words4 ,= we really ?9k only 9 words4 ,mu* m1 !n1 mu/ ! ?\ght h "s v]bal expression1 writt5 or spok51 be=e x c influ5ce ! op9ions or ! actions ( o!rs4 ,a man may h all ! wisdom ( ,solomon1 yet w he ex]cise no influ5ce ^u human affairs unless he gives 8 wisdom utt]ance4 ,pr(\nd ?9k]s sometimes1 inde$1 utt] v little4 ,b !y mu/ utt] some?+4 ,!y orig9ate & give =? a few ?\ghts or discov]ies1 :i* m9ds ( a diff]5t ord]1 writ]s & talk]s1 pick up1 reproduce1 multiply1 & dissem9ate all ov] ! surface ( society4 ,:5 a man unites ^! two functions1 be+ bo? an orig9al ?9k] & a skilful & indu/ri\s writ]1 ! influ5ce :i* he may ex]t ^u 8 race is prodigi\s4 ,if any "o1 = in/ance1 w\ld take ! pa9s to trace ! influ5ces :i* h sprung f su* a man z ,plato1 he w\ld h an illu/ration ( :at is meant4 ,plato1 :ile liv+1 _h no weal?1 rank1 or position ( any k9d1 to add =ce to :at he said or did4 ,:atev] he has done 9 ! _w1 he has done simply by 8 p[] z a ?9k] & a writ]4 ,!re 7 _m ,grecians q z subtle & acute 9 reason+ z he4 ,b _! ?\ghts di$ ) !m4 ,plato1 on ! o!r h&1 0 an indefatigable writ]1 z well z an acute & pr(\nd ?9k]4 ,he gave utt]ance to 8 ideas 9 words :i*1 ev5 9 a dead language1 h to ?is day a liv+ p[]4 ,:5 ,plato 0 dead1 !re rema9$ 8 writt5 words4 ,!y rema9 /ill4 ,!y h ent]$ successively into ! philosophies1 ! cre$s1 & ! practical codes1 ( ! ,grecian _w1 ! ,roman1 ! ,s>ac51 & ! ,*ri/ian4 ,at ?is v h\r hundr$s ( millions ( human be+s unconsci\sly hold op9ions :i* ! words ( t wise old ,greek h help$ to m\ld4 ,! m]e brute =ce ( a milit>y conqu]or may make arbitr>y *anges 9 ! curr5t ( human affairs4 ,b no p]man5t *ange is ev] made except by ! =ce ( op9ion4 ,! words ( ,plato h done m to influ5ce ! de/9ies ( m5 ?an h a hundr$ su* m5 z ,g5ghis ,khan or ,tam]lane4 ,f\r hundr$ millions ( ,*9ese1 9 half ! actions :i* g to make up _! lives1 are n[ gov]n$ by maxims & op9ions :i* h come d[n to !m f remote antiquity1 f a man ^: v exi/5ce is almo/ a my?4 ,^? milit>y h]oes ^: influ5ce on society has be5 p]man5t h be5 propag&i/s z well z w>riors4 ,op9ions & codes h gone )1 & surviv$1 _! conqu]+ armies4 ,! armies ( ! eld] ,napoleon 7 r\t$ at ,wat]loo4 ,b ! ,napoleonic ideas surviv$ ! %ock1 & !y are at ?is day a "p ( ! gov]n+ p[] ( ! _w4 ,x 0 ! ,koran--! words1 & ! cre$ ( ,mahomet--t gave to ! ,mahometan conque/ its p]man5t hold ^u ! nations4 ,spok5 words h 9 !mselves great] p[] ?an m]ely writt5 ones4 ,!re is a wond]ful influ5ce 9 ! liv+ voice to give =ce & emphasis to :at is utt]$4 ,b ! writt5 ^w rema9s4 ,:at is lo/ 9 imm$iate effect1 is m ?an ga9$ 9 ! p]man5t result4 ,! successful writ] has an audi5ce = all "t4 ,he be+ dead /ill speaks4 ,m5 are speak+ n[1 :o h gone to _! f9al acc\nt tw5ty c5turies ago4 ,paul possibly may n h _h ! same influ5ce ) a popul> assembly z ! m eloqu5t ,apollos4 ,b ,paul is speak+ /ill ?r\gh 8 ev]-liv+ ,epi/les4 ,he is speak+ daily to m ?an a hundr$ millions ( human be+s4 ,he is ex]t+ ?r\gh 8 writ+s a p[] incomp>ably great] ?an t ev5 :i* he ex]cis$ z a liv+ speak]4 ,all m5 h n ! comm&+ gifts ( ! apo/le ,paul4 ,yet aft] all1 ! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 ord9>y m5 & m5 ( ! ,paul9e /amp1 is n s mu* 9 _! natural p[]s1 z 9 ! _s & temp] ( ! m51 9 t entire consecration to ! s]vice ( ,*ri/ :i* ,paul _h1 & :i* !y h n4 ,x is wond]ful to see h[ mu* may be accompli%$ ev5 by m5 ( ord9>y tal5ts1 :5 !y h t zeal & s+le-m9d$ness :i* may be atta9$ by "o z well z by ano!r4 ,we are acc\ntable = ! tal5ts :i* we h1 n = :at we h n4 ,b let ea* man see to x t he uses to ! utmo/ e tal5t :i* 8 ,"l has committ$ to 8 tru/4 ,h[ mu*1 = in/ance1 may be accompli%$ by a man :o has a gift = address+ a popul> assembly6 ,su* a man by a few wise words1 spok5 at ! "r "t & place1 may d z mu* 9 five m9utes1 9 pu%+ =w>d a g5]al cause1 z ano!r man c d by ! labori\s drudg]y ( ye>s4 ,! words ( ! speak] t\* ! secret spr+s ( action 9 a ?\s& brea/s4 ,he s5ds away a ?\s& m5 & wom5 animat$ ) a new impulse to duty1 & t impulse is propagat$ & reproduc$ ?r\gh hundr$s ( *annels = long ye>s to come4 ,words are nev] entirely idle4 ,!y h at times a p[] l t ( ! electric bolt4 ,!y may /+ l a s]p5t1 & bite l an add]4 ,9 ! ord9>y int]c\rse ( society1 a man ( good conv]sational p[]s may1 ev5 9 dis*>g+ ! cu/om>y civilities ( life1 put =? a l>ge influ5ce4 ,! words dropp$ f m9ute to m9ute1 ?r\gh\t ! day1 9 ! millions ( little transactions all ! :ile go+ on betwe5 man & man1 h an incalculable p[] 9 ! g5]al aggregate ( ! =ces :i* keep society 9 motion4 ,z ) spok51 s ) writt5 words4 ,! man :o kn[s h[ to weave !m into comb9ations :i* %all ga9 ! popul> e>1 & s9k into ! popul> he>t1 has a mighty gift = good or evil4 ,! self-d5y+ & almo/ sa9tly ,heb]1 by all 8 ye>s ( p]sonal toil on ! pla9s ( ,india1 did n accompli% a ti! ( :at has be5 accompli%$ = ! cause ( missions by 8 "o ,mission>y ,hymn4 ,x w\ld h>dly be an exagg]ation to say t ^? few writt5 words are wor? m to ! cause ?an ! lives ( scores ( ord9>y mission>ies4 ,h[ _m anxi\s s\ls1 j wav]+ betwe5 a "r & a wrong decision1 h be5 l$ to make ! f9al *oice1 & to decide = ,*ri/1 by t beautiful hymn beg9n+ ,j z ,i am1 )\t "o plea8 ,:o c d\bt t ! pati5t invalid ( ,torquay1 9 ! h\r t %e p5n$ ^? t\*+ words1 did m = ! conv]sion ( s9n]s ?an _m a m9i/] ( ! gospel has done 9 ! c\rse ( a long & labori\s life8 ,:at a fund ( consolation = pi\s he>ts ?r\gh all "t is laid up 9 ! hymns ( t o!r sweet s+]1 ,mrs4 ,/eele8 ,b z ) spok51 s ) writt5 words1 ! great aggregate ( _! =ce is n conta9$ 9 ^! few brilliant & /rik+ exceptions1 b 9 ! millions ( m]e ord9>y p>agraphs :i* meet ! eye f day to day1 9 ! columns ( ! daily & weekly press1 & :i* h app>5tly b an ephem]al exi/5ce4 ,! da%+ torr5t & ! mighty riv] are ! m noticeable objects to ! casual obs]v]4 ,b x is ! m9ute myriad drops ( ! ra9 & ! dew t cause ! real wond]s ( vegetation4 ,s ^! words :i* we read1 & ?9k we =get1 h\r by h\r1 all day long1 are cont9ually s9k+ into ! soil ( ! he>t1 & influ5c+ imp]ceptibly ! gr[? ( ! g]ms ( ?\ght4 ,! aggregate ( all ^! m9ute1 unnotic$ influ5ces is prodigi\s1 incalculable4 ,:oev] c put words toge!r wisely1 ei!r by ! tongue or ! p51 has a preci\s tal5t1 :i* he may n innoc5tly lay up 9 a napk94 ,! gift1 l t ( weal?1 is n 8 by "r ( own]%ip1 b only z a /ew>d4 ,x is 8 z a means to d good = ! honor ( 8 ,"l1 & ! welf>e ( 8 fell[-m54 ,z ,i said 9 ! beg9n+ ( ^! rem>ks1 ! _w is gov]n$ by words4 ,let ,*ri/ian m51 by ! indu/ri\s use ( ! gifts !y h receiv$1 see to x t a great] proportion ( ?is gov]n+ =ce 9 ! _w is contribut$ by ! fri5ds ( ,*ri/4 ,let !m unceas+ly fill up ) ! words ( tru? & righte\sness e accessible *annel ( ?\ght & op9ion1 & ?us occupy till ,*ri/ come4 ,x4 ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,language4 ,! /udy ( language has ev] be5 consid]$ a /udy ( high importance1 reg>d$ m]ely z a means ( intellectual cultivation4 ,!re are obvi\s reasons = ?is4 ,! analysis ( language is ! analysis ( ?\ght4 ,resolv+ complex =ms ( spee* into simple ones1 & aga9 comb9+ simple expressions into ^? :i* are complex1 & inve/igat+1 alt]nately by logic & ae/hetics1 ! v>y+ prop]ties ( words & phrases1 are op]ations :i* come ne>]1 p]haps1 ?an any o!r 9 :i* we are engag$1 t[>ds subject+ _s itself to ! crucible ( exp]im5t4 ,! /udy ( gramm>1 ! comp>ison ( languages1 ! translation ( ?\ght f "o language to ano!r1 are s _m /udies 9 logic & ! laws ( m9d4 ,! subtleties ( language arise f ! v nature ( t subtle & my/]i\s ess5ce1 ! human m9d1 ( :i* spee* is ! prime ag5t & m$ium ( communication4 ,! class ( /udies "u consid]ation be>s ne>ly ! same relation to ! spiritual t anatomy does to ! bodily "p ( u4 ,x is by ! dissect+-knife ( a ke5 & well-temp]$ logic1 appli$ to ! exam9ation ( ! v>i\s =ms :i* human ?\ght assumes1 t we mo/ truly le>n ! v ess5ce & prop]ties ( ?\ght itself4 ,x is ?is intimate1 imm$iate1 indissoluble connection & correlation betwe5 m9d & language1 betwe5 human ?\ght & human spee*1 betwe5 ! s\l itself & ! m\ld into :i* x is ca/1 t gives su* importance to ! g5]al class ( /udies kn[n z philological4 ,! /udy ( language1 m ?an any o!r /udy1 t5ds to make ! m9d acute1 discrim9at+1 & exact4 ,x t5ds also1 9 a mo/ especial mann]1 to fit a p]son to tra9 ! m9ds ( o!rs to acut5ess1 discrim9ation1 & exactness4 ,! p]son :o has le>n$ to express a ?\ght ) entire exactness & idiomatic propriety 9 two languages2 or :]e1 f ! want ( analogy betwe5 ! two languages1 he f9ds ?is impracticable1 to p]ceive ! exact %ade ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! two expressions2 :o c trace hi/orically & logically ! pres5t mean+ ( a ^w f its orig9al />t+-po9t 9 reason & fact1 & m>k intellig5tly its gradual dep>tures & _! causes2 :o c p]ceive ! exact diff]5ce betwe5 words & phrases ne>ly synonym\s1 & :o c express t diff]5ce 9 t]ms cle> & intelligible to o!rs1--t p]son has already atta9$ bo? a high degree ( intellectual acum5 himself1 & an important means ( produc+ su* acum5 9 o!rs4 ,! /udy ( language is1 9 ! pr(ession ( tea*+1 l ! %>p5+ ( tools 9 ! bus9ess ( ! me*anic4 ,words are ! tea*]'s tools4 ,human k1 ev5 be=e x is express$1 & z x is laid up 9 ! *amb]s ( ! m9d1 exi/s 9 words4 ,we ?9k 9 words4 ,we tea* 9 words4 ,we are qualifi$ to tea* only s f> z we h le>n$ ! use & p[] ( words4 ,,xi4 ,,cultivat+ ,,! ,,voice4 ,if we except ! l[] k9ds ( h&icraft1 n9e-t5?s ( all t is done 9 ! _w is done by means ( ! voice1--by talk+4 ,x is by talk+ we buy & sell2 by talk+1 ! lawy]1 ! doctor1 ! m9i/]1 ! tea*] p]=m ! *ief ( _! functions2 by talk+1 ! int]c\rse & ma*9]y ( life are *iefly kept 9 motion4 ,z x 0 by a ^w t creation 0 accompli%$1 z ! worlds came into be+ & 7 m\ld$ into %ape1 n by ! h&1 b by ! omnific voice ( ,god1 say+1 ,let !re be light & !re 0 light1 s 9 ?is l[] sph]e ( human action1 ! tongue is mighti] ?an ! h&4 ,! m\ld+1 propell+ =ces ( society come f ! use ( words4 ,by words1 m ?an by all o!r means1 we p]suade1 conv9ce1 al>m1 ar\se1 or soo!1 or :atev] else leads m5 to action & a*ievem5t2 & :ile writt5 words are full ( p[]1 yet ev5 ^! are feeble z comp>$ ) spok5 words1 ! liv+ utt]ances ( ! human voice4 ,n only s1 b ! mann] ( speak+1 ! tone & quality ( ! voice influ5ce u q z mu* z ! words spok54 ,yet h[ /rangely we neglect ?is wond]ful in/rum5t4 ,! me*anic sees to x t 8 tools are z ke5 & /rong z x is 9 ! p[] ( art & labor to make !m4 ,! sportsman sp>es no exp5se or c>e to h ! articles t m9i/] to 8 pleasure 9 ! highe/ possible /ate ( f9i% & p]fection4 ,h[ lavi% we are 9 ! pur*ase ( in/rum5ts ( music1 & 9 keep+ !m prop]ly tun$ & c>$ =4 ,yet ?is mo/ wond]ful organ1 ! voice1 :i* ,god has giv5 to e "o ( u1 & :i* is wor? m to u ?an all ! in/rum5ts ( music1 all ! inv5tions ( pleasure1 all ! tools ( trade1 t human skill has devis$1 is left = ! mo/ "p 9 utt] neglect1 )\t intellig5t guidance1 its wond]ful p[]s almo/ totally uncultivat$ & undevelop$4 ,we all feel ! sway t a well cultivat$ & modulat$ voice has ^u u1 its p[] to give u pleasure & w9 our ass5t1 & yet ! great majority ( u neglect to cultivate 9 ourselves t :i* may give u su* a p[] ov] o!rs4 ,we are n oblivi\s ( o!r advantages4 ,we /rive to make ourselves acceptable & to increase our influ5ce1 by att5tion to dress1 by ! adornm5t ( our p]sons1 & by ! cultivation ( our m9ds1 by /ores ( k & by accompli%m5ts ( v>i\s k9ds1 :ile ! voice1 :i* m ?an any?+ else is ! direct in/rum5t ( ! s\l1 is treat$ ) neglect4 ,we mumble & mutt] :at %\ld come out cle>ly & di/9ctly2 we speak ) a nasal drawl1 or 9 a %>p key t sets all ! f9] *ords ( sympa?y aj>2 we use j s mu* ( ! vocal p[] t is giv5 u z is ne$$ to express 9 ! fa9te/ way our mo/ imp]ative wants1 & indol5tly leave all ! re/ ( its untold & exquisite res\rces to g to wa/e4 ,mrs4 ,siddons once made a %opkeep] turn pale ) affright & unconsci\sly drop 8 goods ^u ! c\nt]1 simply by ! tone 9 :i*1 by way ( exp]im5t1 %e ask$ him ! price ( a pair ( gloves4 ,und\bt$ly ,mrs4 ,siddons _h natural gifts ( voice :i* d n belong to e "o4 ,b a great "p ( ! wond]ful fasc9ation :i* %e & ! o!r memb]s ( t rem>kable family ex]t$1 0 due to cultivation4 ,if m9i/]s ( ! gospel1 & o!rs :o und]take to influ5ce ! m9ds ( a congregation on ! side ( religion1 w\ld give ?is matt] m att5tion1 !y w\ld f9d x v greatly to _! own advantage & t ( o!rs4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! words ( et]nal life are read & utt]$ f ! pulpit is (t5 su* z to kill all vitality out ( !m4 ,x is n en\gh t a prea*] %\ld be a good !ologian1 & t 8 s]mon conta9 s\nd & valuable ?\ghts4 ,! influ5ce :i* !y are to ex]t ^u ! p1 is l>gely dep5d5t ^u ! voice :i* gives !m utt]ance4 ,a compet5t tea*] ( elocution is q z important a "p ( ! ma*9]y ( a !ological sem9>y1 z a tea*] ( ,hebrew4 ,yet1 9 organiz+ our sem9>ies1 ?is matt] is usually entirely ignor$4 ,,xii4 ,,eyes4 ,i h spok5 mu* ( blackbo>ds1 maps1 pictorial c>ds1 natural objects1 & app>atus ( v>i\s k9ds1 z among ! urg5t wants ( ! tea*]4 ,b !re is "o ?+ :i* he wants m ?an all ^!1 & t is ,,eyes4 ,a good pair ( eyes are to ! tea*]1 9 ! gov]nm5t ( 8 s*ool1 wor? m ?an ! rod1 m ?an any sy/em ( m]it or dem]it m>ks1 m ?an keep+ 9 aft] s*ool1 m ?an scold+1 report+ to p>5ts1 susp5sion1 or expulsion1 m ?an coax+1 premiums1 & bribes 9 any %ape or to any am\nt4 ,! v fir/ elem5t 9 s*ool gov]nm5t1 z 9 e o!r gov]nm5t1 is t ! tea*] %\ld "k :at is go+ on 9 8 little k+dom1 & = ?is k he ne$s a pair ( eyes4 ,mo/ tea*]s1 x is true1 seem to be furni%$ ) ?is article4 ,b x is 9 appe>ance only4 ,!y h some?+ 9 ! upp] "p ( ! face :i* looks l eyes1 b e "o kn[s t appe>ances are deceiv+4 ,!y look ov] a s*ool or an assembly ( any k9d1 & are vaguely consci\s t ?+s are go+ on wrong all ar\nd !m1 j z p sometimes grope ab\t 9 a d>k room fill$ ) bats1 & are aw>e t some?+ is flitt+ ab\t1 b !y h no p[] ( see+ di/9ctly any "o object4 ,x is amaz+ h[ little "s p see1 :o seem to h eyes4 ,! fact is1 !re is an entirely mi/ak5 notion on ?is :ole subject4 ,hav+ ! eyes op51 & see+1 are two di/9ct ?+s4 ,infants h _! eyes op51 b !y d n see any?+1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* t ^w is g5]ally us$4 ,light comes into ^? op5 w9d[s1 ! mov+ panorama ( ext]nal nature passes be=e !m1 b di/9ct vision1 :i* recognizes & individualizes objects1 is some?+ m ?an a m]e passive1 bodily s5sation4 ,x is a m5tal act4 ,x is ! m9d r\s+ itself into consci\sness1 & putt+ =? its p[]s into volunt>y & self-det]m9$ activity4 ,no?+ 9 ! hi/ory ( *ildhood is m int]e/+ ?an to wat* ?is awak5+ ( ! m9d 9 infancy1 to notice h[ ! :ole face bright5s up :5 ! little /rang] fir/ beg9s actually to see ?+s4 ,! mis=tune ) _m p is1 t 9 ?is matt] ( vision !y seem nev] to get beyond ! condition ( infancy4 ,!y g along ! /reet1 or !y move ab\t 9 a room1 9 a sort ( dreamy /ate1 _! eyes op51 b see+ no?+4 ,a tea*] ( ?is k9d1 no matt] :at am\nt ( disord] is go+ on be=e him1 nev] sees any "o p>ticul> act4 ,he sees ?+s 9 ! mass1 in/ead ( see+ individual ?+s4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 tea*]s 9 ?is faculty ( see+ ?+s is m m>k$ probably ?an 9 any o!r quality t a man c h4 ,two tea*]s may /& be=e ! same class4 ,"o w m]ely be aw>e t !re is a g5]al disord] & noise ?r\gh\t1 be+ unable to id5tify any s*ol> 9 p>ticul> z transgress+4 ,! o!r w notice t ,john is talk+1 t ,james is pull+ 8 neighbor's hair1 t ,william is drumm+ on ! desk ) 8 f+]s1 t ,&rew is mun*+ an apple1 t ,pet] is mak+ c>icatures on 8 slate1 & s on4 ,to h ?is p[] ( see+ ?+s1 x is n necess>y t "o %\ld be sly1 or %\ld use /eal? ( any k9d4 ,k ga9$ by su* mean practices nev] am\nts to mu*1 & always l[]s a tea*] 9 ! e/imation ( 8 s*ol>s2 x weak5s in/ead ( /r5g!n+ him4 ,:atev] a tea*] does 9 ! way ( obs]vation ( 8 s*ol>s1 %\ld be done op5ly & abovebo>d4 ,& aft] all1 m c be se5 9 ?is way1 by "o :o kn[s h[1 ?an by any ( ! /eal?y practices usually resort$ to4 ,d>t+ ! eyes ab\t rapidly 9 "o direction & ano!r1 is n a good way to make discov]ies4 ,see+ is accompli%$1 n s mu* by ! activity ( ! bodily organ1 z by m5tal activity4 ,! man's m9d mu/ be awake4 ,?is 9 fact is ! secret ( ! :ole matt]4 ,! m ! face & eyes are quiet1 & ! m9d is on ! al]t1 ! m a man w see4 ,see+ is r a m5tal ?an a bodily act1 ?\gh ( c\rse ! bodily organ is necess>y to its accompli%m5t4 ,to be a good obs]v]1 "o mu/ ma9ta9 a quiet & compos$ demeanor1 b be ?or\ghly wide awake )94 ,,xiii4 ,,errors ,,( ,,! ,,cave4 ,improvem5t comes by comp>ison4 ,"o ( ! mo/ pr(\nd obs]vations ( ,bacon is t 9 :i* he rem>ks ^u ! dw>f+ & di/ort+ influ5ce ( solit>9ess ^u ! human faculties4 ,! man :o %uts himself up 9 8 own little circle ( ?\ght & action z 9 a cave1 hav+ no consort ) 8 fell[s1 evolv+ all 8 plans f 8 own solit>y cogitation1 mu/ be m ?an human if he does n become "o-sid$1 n>r[1 selfi%1 bigot$4 ,a l result1 b n s aggravat$1 is produc$1 :5 a man limits 8 range ( ?\ght & action to ^? ( 8 own special call+ or pr(ession2 :5 ! m]*ant m+les only ) m]*ants & kn[s only m]*&ise2 :5 ! tea*] kn[s no?+ b tea*+ & books2 :5 ! m$ical man sp5ds e wak+ h\r & e active ex]cise ( ?\ght ^u 8 heal+ art2 :5 any man =gets t1 9 ! v fact ( 8 be+ a man at all1 he is some?+ great] & nobl] ?an he c possibly be 9 be+ m]ely a m]*ant1 or tea*]1 or doctor1 or lawy]1 or ! possessor ( any o!r "o special art or faculty4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t 9 ord] to atta9 to em95ce 9 any "o dep>tm5t1 a man mu/ b5d 8 ma9 en]gies to t "o ?+2 & he mu/ give to x mu* solit>y ?\ght & /udy4 ,b no dep>tm5t ( action is isolat$4 ,no int]e/ is unconnect$ ) o!r int]e/s4 ,no tru? /&s alone1 b =ms a "p 9 ! great sy/em ( tru?4 ,/udy or action1 !re=e1 :i* is entirely isolat$1 mu/ ne$s be dw>f$ & di/ort$4 ,a man mu/ g occasionally out ( 8 own sph]e 9 ord] fully to und]/& ^? v ?+s ) :i* he is mo/ famili>4 ,a man mu/ /udy o!r languages1 if he w\ld hope fully to und]/& 8 own4 ,a man mu/ /udy m ?an languages m]ely if he w\ld become a p]fect l+ui/4 ,! only way to und]/& ari?metic ?or\ghly is to /udy algebra4 ,a p>5t :o has only "o *ild1 & :o gives 8 entire & exclusive att5tion to ! /udy ( t *ild1 9 ord] t he may1 by a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( its nature & disposition1 be bett] able to tea* & tra9 x1 w n be s likely to atta9 8 object z he w\ld if he 7 to sp5d a portion ( 8 "t 9 m+l+ ) o!r *ildr5 & 9 becom+ acqua9t$ ) *ildhood g5]ally4 ,a tea*] :o %\ld %ut himself up 9 8 own s*ool-room1 giv+ to x e mom5t ( 8 wak+ h\rs1 w\ld n be likely to b5efit s l>gely 8 own pupils1 z if he 7 to sp5d a portion ( 8 "t 9 commun+ ) o!r tea*]s & obs]v+ o!r me?ods besides 8 own4 ,a tea*] ev5 :o %\ld m+le freely ) ^? ( 8 own pr(ession1 & get all ! b5efit to be d]iv$ f obs]vation ( ! views & me?ods ( o!r tea*]s1 b %\ld /op !re1 w\ld n yet obta9 t broad1 compreh5sive view1 ev5 ( 8 own call+1 & ( ! duties ( 8 own p>ticul> s*ool-room t he might h if he w\ld travel occasionally beyond ! walk ( books & p$agogy1 & become acqua9t$ ) ! views & me?ods ( m5 9 o!r sph]es ( life1 ) m]*ants1 lawy]s1 & doctors1 ) f>m]s1 me*anics1 & artisans4 ,x is only by m+l+ ) ^? outside ( our own little specialty t we are dis5?rall$ f ! bonds ( prejudice4 ,x is wond]ful to see ! *ange produc$ 9 ! m9ds ( m5 ( diff]5t religi\s d5om9ations1 :5 by any means !y are ?r[n mu* into ! actual fell[%ip ( work+ toge!r 9 "s cause ( common b5evol5ce4 ,h[1 )\t any argum5t1 m]ely by ! fact ( _! be+ br\ght out to a diff]5t po9t ( view1 ! relative magnitude & importance ( c]ta9 tru?s *ange 9 _! e/imation6 ,! po9ts 9 :i* ,*ri/ians diff] become s mu* small]2 ! po9ts 9 :i* !y agree become s mu* l>g]4 ,! little /one at ! m\? ( ! cave no long] hides ! m\nta9 9 ! di/ance4 ,let ! tea*]1 ! m]*ant1 ! me*anic1 ! bank]1 ! lawy]1 ! m9i/] ( religion ev51 /ill rememb] t he is a man1 & t he c nev] rea* a full & j e/imate ( 8 own position )\t sometimes go+ outside ( x & plac+ himself 9 ! position ( o!r m54 ,,xiv4 ,,m5 ,,( ,,"o ,,idea4 ,!re is betwe5 ! tea*] & o!r op]atives "o obvi\s diff]5ce1 aris+ f ! diff]5ce 9 ! mat]ials ^u :i* _! labor is be/[$4 ,t class ( labor]s ^: toil & skill are ex]t$ 9 modify+ ! =ms ( matt]1 succe$ g5]ally 9 proportion to ! n>r[ness ( ! range to :i* ea* individual's att5tion is conf9$4 ,x is possible 7! writ] has kn[n x to be a fact7 = ! same p]son to s[ ! flax1 to pull & rot x1 to break x1 hat*el x1 sp9 x1 w>p x1 weave x1 dye or blea* x1 & f9ally make x into clo!s4 ,i say ?is is possible1 = ,i h se5 x done1 & ,i d>e say _m ( my read]s h se5 ! same4 ,b h[ co>se & exp5sive is su* a product1 comp>$ ) t 9 :i* e /ep 9 ! progress ( production is made ! subject ( "o individual's entire & undivid$ att5tion4 ,if we 7 to g into ! factories ( ,l[ell1 or into any ( ! ?\s& work%ops :i* are conv]t+ ,philadelphia into a great manufactur+ c5tre1 we w\ld f9d ! manufacture ( an article approa*+ p]fection j 9 proportion to ! imp]fection 79 "o s5se7 ( ! individual workm5 employ$ 9 its production4 ,! man :o c make a p9-head bett] & *eap] ?an any "o else1 mu/ give 8 att5tion to mak+ p9-heads only4 ,he ne$ n "k h[ to po9t a p91 or poli% x1 or cut ! wire4 ,on ! contr>y 8 skill 9 t "o op]ation increases ord9>ily 9 proportion to 8 want ( skill 9 o!rs4 ,8 p]fection z a workman is 9 ! direct ratio to 8 imp]fection z a man4 ,he op]ates ^u matt]1 & ! m ne>ly he c br+ 8 muscles & 8 volitions to ! uni=mity & ! precision ( a m]e ma*9e--! m conf9$1 monoton\s1 & undeviat+ are 8 op]ations--! high] is ! price set ^u 8 "w1 ! bett] is he fitt$ = 8 task4 ,n s ! in/ructor ( y\?4 ,! mat]ial op]at$ on "h is ( a nature too subtle to be %ap$ & fa%ion$ by ! undeviat+ r\t9e ( any su* me*anical op]ations4 ,! process necess>y to %>p5 "o intellect may t]rify & conf\nd ano!r4 ,! means :i* 9 "o in/ance s]ve to conv9ce1 s]ve 9 o!r cases to confuse4 ,! illu/ration :i* to "o is a ray ( light1 is to ano!r only d>kness visible4 ,m9d is n1 l matt]1 fix$ & uni=m 9 its op]ations4 ,! workman :o is to op]ate ^u a sub/ance s subtle & s v>y+ mu/ n be a man ( "o idea--:o kn[s "o ?+1 & no?+ m4 ,x is n true 9 m9d1 z 9 matt]1 t p]fection 9 ! k ( "o p>ticul> po9t is ga9$ by )draw+ ! att5tion f e o!r po9t4 ,all tru? & all k are affiliat$4 ,! k ( ari?metic is increas$ by t ( algebra1 ! k ( geography by t ( a/ronomy1 ! k ( "o language by kn[+ ano!r4 ,z no "o ?+ 9 nature exi/s unconnect$ ) o!r ?+s1 s no "o item 9 ! va/ sum ( human k is isolat$1 & no p]son is likely to be p]fectly acqua9t$ ) any "o subject :o conf9es 8 att5tion ) microscopic m9ut5ess to t subject4 ,to und]/& ?or\ghly "o subject1 y mu/ /udy x n only 9 itself1 b 9 its relations4 ,to "k "o ?+ well y mu/ "k v _m o!r ?+s4 ,let u return !n to ! po9t f :i* we set out1 namely3 t "o important diff]5ce betwe5 ! tea*] & o!r op]atives arises f ! diff]5ce 9 ! objects on :i* !y op]ate4 ,! "o op]ates ^u matt]1 ! o!r ^u m9d4 ,! "o atta9s p]fection 9 8 art by a process :i* 9 ! o!r w\ld produce an ignoramus1 a bungl]1 a n>r[-m9d$1 conceit$ *>latan4 ,h5ce ! necessity on ! "p ( ^? :o w\ld excel 9 ! pr(ession ( tea*]s1 ( endeavor+ cont9ually to enl>ge ! b\nds ( _! k4 ,h5ce ! error ( ^? :o ?9k t to tea* any?+ well x is necess>y to "k only t "o ?+4 ,t "y woman :o und]takes to tea* a prim>y s*ool1 or ev5 an infant class1 has mi/ak5 h] call+ if %e supposes t because %e has to tea* only ! alphabet or ! table c>d1 %e has !re=e no ne$ to "k _m o!r ?+s4 ,!re are "s ?+s :i* e tea*] ne$s4 ,e tea*] ne$s a cultivat$ ta/e1 a discipl9$ intellect1 & t enl>gem5t ( views :i* results only f enl>g$ k4 ,we all "k h[ mu* we are ourselves b5efit$ by associat+ habitually ) p]sons ( sup]ior abilities4 ,s x is 9 a /ill high] degree ) *ildr54 ,!re is some?+ contagi\s 9 ! fire ( intellect4 ,! human m9d1 z well z ! human he>t1 has a wond]ful p[] ( assimilation4 ,e judici\s p>5t w say3 ,let n my *ild be consign$ to ! c>e ( an ill-in=m$1 dull1 spiritless tea*]4 ,let x be 8 happy lot1 if possible1 to be "u "o :o has "s high] ambition ?an m]ely to g ?r\gh a c]ta9 prescrib$ r\t9e ( duties & lessons2 "o ^: face beams ) intellig5ce & ^: lips drop k2 "o :o c cultivate 9 him ! disposition to inquire1 by 8 own read9ess & ability to answ] *ildi% inquiries2 :o c lead ! inquiries ( a *ild into prop] *annels1 & tra9 him to a correct mode ( ?9k+ by be+ himself famili> ) ! true logical process1 by hav+ himself a cultivat$ und]/&+4 ,su* a tea*] f9ds a pleasure 9 8 task4 ,he f9ds t he is n only tea*+ 8 pupils to read & to spell1 to write & to ciph]1 b he is acquir+ an asc5dancy ov] !m4 ,he is ex]t+ ^u !m a moral & intellectual p[]4 ,he is leav+1 ^u a mat]ial f> m preci\s ?an any co9$ 9 ! ,m9t1 ! deep & in]asible impress ( 8 own "*4 ,let me repeat !n1 at ! risk ( becom+ tiresome1 :at ,i hold to be an important & elem5t>y tru?1 t ! tea*] %\ld "k v _m ?+s besides :at he is requir$ to tea*4 ,a good k ( hi/ory w enable him to inve/ ! /udy ( geography ) new int]e/4 ,acqua9tance ) algebra w give a cle>ness to 8 p]ceptions1 & consequ5tly to 8 mode ( inculcat+ ! pr9ciples1 ( ari?metic4 ,! ability to del9eate (f-h& ) *alk or p5cil ! =ms ( objects1 gives him an unlimit$ p[] ( illu/rat+ e subject1 & ( clo?+ ev5 ! dulle/ ) int]e/4 ,famili>ity ) ! pr9ciples ( rhetoric & ) ! rules ( criticism1 gives at once elegance & ease to 8 language1 & ! means ( m cle>ly detect+ :at is faulty 9 ! language ( o!rs4 ,a k ( ,lat9 or ( ,fr5*1 or ( any language besides 8 own1 ?r[s ^u 8 own language a light ( :i* he be=e _h no conception4 ,x produces 9 8 ideas ( gramm> & ( language g5]ally1 a *ange some:at l t :i* ! anatomi/ exp]i5ces f ! /udy ( comp>ative anatomy4 ,! /ud5t ( ! human frame f9ds _m ?+s t he _c compreh5d until he ext5ds 8 inquiries to o!r tribes ( animals2 to ! monkey1 ! ox1 ! reptile1 ! fi%1 & ev5 to ! insect _w4 ,s x is ) language4 ,we return f ! /udy ( a =eign language inv>iably ) an increas$ k ( our own4 ,we h made "o /ep at lea/ f ! te*nicalities ( p>ticul> rules t[>ds ! pr9ciples & tru?s ( g5]al gramm>4 ,b x is n necess>y to multiply illu/rations4 ,i h already said en\gh to expla9 my mean+4 ,let me say1 !n1 to e tea*]1 z y desire to rise 9 y\r pr(ession1 z y wi% to make y\r task agreeable to y\rself or pr(itable to y\r pupils1 d n cease y\r /udies z soon z y ga9 y\r election1 b cont9ue to be a le>n] z long z y cont9ue to be a tea*]1 & especially /rive by all prop] means1 & at all times1 to enl>ge ! b\nds ( y\r k4 ,,xv4 ,a ,,tal5t ,,= ,,tea*+4 ,!re c be no d\bt t "s p]sons h a natural aptitude = tea*+4 ,z !re are born poets1 s !re are born tea*]s4 ,yet ! man born ) ! true poetic temp]am5t & faculty w nev] a*ieve success z a poet1 unless he add /udy & labor to 8 natural gift4 ,s ! man born ) a tal5t = tea*+ ne$s to cultivate ! tal5t by pati5t /udy & practice1 be=e he c become a ?or\ghly accompli%$ tea*]4 ,no man probably ev] %[$ great] native aptitude = any?+1 ?an did ,b5jam9 ,we/ = pa9t+4 ,yet :at long ye>s ( toil & /udy x took = him to become a really great pa9t]8 ,9 tea*+1 z 9 e o!r pr(ession1 :ile m5 d\btless diff] z to _! orig9al qualifications & aptitudes1 yet ! diff]5ces are n s great z !y are (t5 suppos$ to be1 & !y are by no means s great z ^? produc$ by /udy & practice4 ,! man :o has no special gift = ?is employm5t1 b :o fai?fully & intellig5tly tries to p]fect himself 9 x1 is sure to be a bett] tea*] ?an ! "o :o has ! natural gift1 b adds to x no special /udy & prep>ation4 ,inde$1 if we exclude f consid]ation ^? v nice & delicate t\*es 9 education1 :i* are s r>e z to be q exceptional1 !re is no?+ 9 ! bus9ess ( tea*+ :i* may n be acquir$ by any p]son ( av]age ability4 ,:51 !re=e1 we see a tea*] n succe$+ 9 ga9+ ! att5tion ( 8 s*ol>s1 or 9 secur+ ob$i5ce & respect1 or 9 br++ !m =w>d 9 _! lessons1 we are n dispos$ to free su* a p]son f blame on ! plea ( 8 hav+ no natural aptitude = tea*+4 ,we w\ld respectfully say to su* a tea*]3 if y "k n h[ to imp>t k1 le>n h[2 if y h no tact1 get x4 ,tea*+ is a bus9ess1 z mu* z knitt+ /ock+s1 or plant+ corn4 ,ei!r d n und]take to tea* at all1 or le>n h[ x is to be done4 ,if "o-f\r? ( ! labor be/[$ ^u ! "w ( tea*+ 7 devot$ to /udy+ ! bus9ess1 ! value ( ! rema9+ ?ree-f\r?s w\ld be quadrupl$4 ,x is pa9ful to see ! am\nt ( h>d "w done 9 s*ool ) s little proportionate effect4 ,if a man :o knew no?+ ( f>m+1 b :o _h a desire to be useful1 7 to dig a pit & bury !re9 a bu%el ( corn1 & imag9e t he 0 plant+1 8 labor w\ld n be wid] ( ! m>k ?an mu* t is be/[$ 9 s*ool4 ,a man mu/ le>n h[ to d ev5 s simple a ?+ z plant+ corn4 ,let ! tea*] also le>n h[ to plant ! se$s ( k1 h[ to prep>e ! soil1 h[ to op5 x = ! reception ( tru?1 :]e & :5 to deposit ! preci\s gra9s4 ,i h no desire to disc\rage ^? fai?ful m5 & wom5 :o are s nobly /riv+ to d good z tea*]s4 ,b ,i _c help express+ ! regret t s mu* ( ?is labor is )\t adequate result4 ,:y %\ld p]sons act s diff]5tly 9 ?is matt] f :at !y d 9 any o!r8 ,if a woman wants to make a pair ( /ock+s1 %e goes to "s o!r woman :o und]/&s knitt+1 & sees h[ x is done1 & le>ns ! /it*es1 tries & exp]im5ts1 & /udies ! matt]1 until x is all famili> to h]4 ,s ( any o!r ord9>y bus9ess4 ,yet :5 x comes to tea*+1 any?+ l def9ite /udy or obs]vation ( ! mode ( do+ x1 is almo/ unkn[n6 ,x is really no exagg]ation to say t _m tea*]s bungle 9 _! "w z egregi\sly z w\ld a woman :o %\ld put y>n into a *urn1 & expect1 aft] a prop] am\nt ( *urn+1 to draw out /ock+s4 ,9 our s*ools are _m pr(essional tea*]s ( approv$ skill4 ,:y %\ld n a s*ool-tea*]1 :o is consci\s ( n succe$+ z he w\ld desire1 sp5d an h\r occasionally 9 obs]vation8 ,f9d out ! "n ( "s tea*] :o is p>ticul>ly successful1 & look on :ile ! "w is be+ done1 & if possible see h[ x is done4 ,!n aga91 !re are books on ! subject1 9 :i* ! bus9ess ( tea*+ is expla9$ 9 all its bran*es4 ,get "s ( ^! books & read4 ,! m]e read+ w n make y tea*]s4 ,b x w set y to ?9k+4 ,x w quick5 y\r p[] ( obs]vation4 ,x w help y to le>n f y\r own exp]i5ce4 ,make a note ( ! difficulties y enc\nt]1 & ! po9ts 9 :i* y _c accompli% :at y desire4 ,v likely y w f9d ^! v difficulties discuss$ 9 ! books on tea*+ :i* y are read+4 ,if n1 lay y\r difficulties be=e "s fri5d :o is a successful tea*]1 & get advice4 ,any?+1 r ?an go+ on1 week aft] week1 )\t improvem5t4 ,!re is a way ( int]e/+ y\r class 9 _! lessons1 ( secur+ good ord] & punctual att5dance1 ( mak+ ! s*ol>s le>n4 ,only make up y\r m9d t y w f9d out :at t way is4 ,if y ?9k x _c be done1 ( c\rse x w n be done4 ,if y h fairly made up y\r m9d t x may be done1 & t y c d x1 x is half done already4 ,y h no idea h[ mu* m pleasant ! "w w be1 :5 y h once le>n$ h[ to d x4 ,"o reason :y s _m tea*]s des]t ! ranks1 is ! irksom5ess produc$ by want ( success4 ,few ?+s are m intol]able ?an be+ oblig$ to d a ?+ :ile consci\s ( do+ x 9 an awkw>d & bungl+ mann]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 almo/ any "w is a pleasure1 :i* "o is consci\s ( do+ well4 ,,xvi4 ,,tea*+ ,,p[]4 ,tea*]s diff] greatly 9 _! ability to br+ a class =w>d 9 intellectual acquisition & gr[?4 ,) "o tea*] pupils are all life & en]gy1 !y take hold ( difficulties ) c\rage1 _! ideas become cle>1 _! v p[] ( compreh5sion seems to ga!r /r5g?4 ,) ano!r tea*]1 ^? same pupils1 /udy+ ! same subject1 are dull1 heavy1 easily disc\rag$1 & make almo/ no progress4 ,! ability ?us to /imulate ! intellectual activity ( o!rs1 to give x at once mom5tum & progress1 is ! true measure ( "o's tea*+ p[]4 ,x may be well to consid] = a mom5t "s ( ! conditions necess>y to ! exi/5ce & ! ex]cise ( ?is p[]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we c ex]t no great1 comm&+ influ5ce ov] o!rs1 :e!r pupils or n1 unless we h 9 a high degree _! confid5ce4 ,pupils mu/ h fai? 9 _! tea*]4 ,i nev] knew an in/ance yet1 :]e !re 0 great intellectual f]m5t go+ on 9 a class1 t ! pupils did n believe ! tea*] infallible1 or v ne>ly s4 ,?is pr9ciple ( confid5ce 9 lead]%ip is "o ( ! great mov+ p[]s ( ! _w4 ,9 tea*+1 x is specially important4 ,?is feel+ may inde$ be 9 excess4 ,x may exi/ to su* an ext5t z to ext+ui% all indep5d5ce ( ?\ght1 to induce a bl9d1 unque/ion+ receptivity4 ,su* an extreme is ( c\rse oppos$ to true m5tal progress4 ,b %ort ( ?is extreme po9t1 !re is almo/ no am\nt ( fai? t *ildr5 c h 9 _! tea*]1 t1 if well f\nd$1 is n ( ! highe/ advantage4 ,see+ ! firm1 assur$ tread ( fa!r or "m1 or ( an old] bro!r or si/]1 is a great aid to ! tott]+ little "o 9 putt+ =? its own /eps :ile le>n+ to walk4 ,s ! *ild is embold5$ to s5d out its "y1 unpractis$ ?\ghts1 by ! confid5ce x has 9 ! guidance & protection ( its tea*]4 ,to acquire & reta9 ! prop] asc5dancy ov] ! m9d ( a *ild1 two ?+s are ess5tial1 ample k & entire hone/y4 ,%all[ness & pret5sion may mislead = a :ile4 ,b to hold a *ild firmly & p]man5tly1 ! tea*] mu/ ab\nd 9 k1 & mu/ h ?or\ghly hone/ convictions4 ,! next condition to great tea*+ p[] is confid5ce 9 "o's self4 ,a timid1 irresolute1 hesitat+ utt]ance ( "o's own convictions fails to produce conviction 9 ! m9ds ( o!rs4 ,i d n recomm5d self-conceit4 ,x is n necess>y to be dogmatic4 ,yet a c]ta9 /yle ( self-ass]tion1 bord]+ v closely ^u ^! qualities1 is ne$$ 9 ! tea*]4 ,9 ! high] regions ( sci5ce & op9ion1 !re are ( c\rse _m po9ts ab\t :i* no "o1 at lea/ no "o well in=m$1 w\ld und]take to speak ) au?ority4 ,su* subjects x becomes u all to approa* ) rev]5t humility1 z at ! be/ only inquir]s aft] tru?4 ,b ! case is v diff]5t ) tea*]s ( ! common bran*es conc]n$ 9 our pres5t rem>ks4 ,on ^! po9ts ! tea*] ought to h a c]ta9ty & a read9ess ( k1 s z to be ?or\ghly self-reliant be=e ! class4 ,tea*+ is l fight+4 ,self-reliance is half ! battle4 ,equally important ) ! =m] is x to h ! affection ( "o's pupils4 ,writ]s on metaphysics n[-a-days dwell mu*1 & v prop]ly1 on ! influ5ce ( ! body ^u ! m9d1 & ! necessity ( a heal?y condition ( ! =m] 9 ord] to ! full cle>ness & /r5g? ( our intellectual appreh5sions4 ,!re is a /ill m intimate connection betwe5 our moral emotions & our m5tal action4 ,! wi% is fa!r to ! ?\ght1 9 m s5ses ?an t int5d$ by ,%akspe>e4 ,if ! intellect is ! see+ p[] ( ! s\l1 ! affections are ! atmosph]e ?r\gh :i* we look4 ,! same object may appe> to u v diff]5tly1 z x is se5 ?r\gh ! colorless m$ium ( pure intellectual p]ception1 or z x is enl>g$ & glorifi$ by ! mell[+ haze ( fond affection1 or z x is di/ort$ & obscur$ by ! mi/s ( prejudice & hate4 ,:5 a *ild has a ?or\gh dislike = a subject or = 8 tea*]1 ! difficulty ( le>n+ is v greatly increas$4 ,n only is ! will+ness to /udy weak or want+1 b ! v p[] ( m5tal p]ception seems to be ob/ruct$4 ,! p[] ( att5tion1 ! p[] ( appreh5sion1 ! p[] ( memory1 ! p[] ( reason+1 are all p>alyz$ by dislike1 & are equally vitaliz$ by love & desire4 ,m5tal action1 9 %ort1 is influ5c$ by ! /ate ( ! he>t z mu* z by ! /ate ( ! body4 ,if y d n expect great m5tal ef=ts f a *ild t is sickly1 burn+ ) fev]1 or rack$ ) pa91 nei!r may y expect ! be/ & highe/ results f "o ^: he>t is diseas$ & ali5at$1 :o approa*es a subject ) feel+s ( av]sion & dislike1 ^: conceptions are cl\d$ ) prejudice4 ,a tea*] ( great intellectual =ce1 & ) an ov]be>+ w1 may pu% =w>d ev5 a reluctant & a rebelli\s class ) a c]ta9 degree ( spe$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a tea*] :o enjoys ! unb\nd$ love ( 8 s*ol>s1 may accompli% comp>atively little1 on acc\nt ( lack+ ! o!r qualities ne$$ = success4 ,! highe/ measure ( success 9 tea*+ is atta9$ only :]e ^! sev]al conditions meet1--:]e ! tea*] has & des]ves ! full confid5ce ( ! s*ol>s1 :]e he has full confid5ce 9 himself1 is self-reliant & self-ass]t+1 & :]e at ! same "t he has ! w>m affection ( 8 pupils4 ,love1 aft] all1 is ! gov]n+ p[] ( ! human s\l1 z x is ! cr[n+ grace 9 ! ,*ri/ian s*eme4 ,love is1 9 tea*+1 :at sun%9e & %[]s are 9 vegetation4 ,by a sy/em ( =c+ & artificial culture1 ! g>d5] may inde$ produce a few hot-h\se plants1 b = all great or g5]al results1 he mu/ look to ! g5ial op]ations ( nature4 ,,xvii4 ,,gr[+4 ,*ildr5 (t5 use ! t]m gr[n-up p4 ,by x !y mean p]sons :o h come to ! age ( tw5ty1 or tw5ty-"o1 & ^: bodily gr[? is complete4 ,b !re are o!r k9ds ( gr[?1 besides t ( ! body4 ,:at is a gr[n-up tea*]8 ,x is n difficult1 c]ta9ly1 to f9d "s1 9 e locality1 to :om ?is t]m c\ld n be appli$1 ) any propriety4 ,!y h be5 engag$ = ye>s 9 ! "w1 & yet !y are ! m]e/ babes4 ,!y h no m skill ?an :5 !y fir/ took a class 9 h&4 ,:5 a boy beg9s to use a p5knife1 he is v awkw>d4 ,he cuts himself ab\t z (t5 z he cuts ! /ick4 ,aft] a :ile1 h[ev]1 he le>ns to manage ! matt] bett]4 ,he f9ds out h[ to h&le ! curi\s in/rum5t ) skill & ev5 ) elegance4 ,b y w see tea*]s1 s call$1 :o seem nev] to make any ( ?is progress 9 _! "w4 ,!y h no m idea n[1 ?an !y _h :5 !y gave _! fir/ lesson1 ( :at !y mu/ d to secure att5tion & sil5ce1 h[ !y mu/ manage to keep all ! *ildr5 busy1 h[ to secure good att5dance1 or /udy ( ! lesson1 h[ to ga9 affection & confid5ce1 h[ to en=ce ord] & ob$i5ce1 h[ to d any?+1 except to sit1 book 9 h&1 & ask ! que/ions "o aft] ! o!r r\nd ! class1 & see t ,john1 ,george1 & ,james sev]ally say ! answ]s correctly4 ,?is is ! idea ( tea*+ ) :i* !y beg91 & !y make no progress t[>ds any?+ bett]4 ,!y acquire no skill4 ,!y make no gr[?4 ,!y are gr[n-up bodily4 ,b 9 all t p]ta9s to tea*+1 !y are /ill babes4 ,!y :ittle z awkw>dly & unskilfully z :5 ! delicate in/rum5t 0 fir/ put into _! clumsy f+]s4 ,!y g on f ye> to ye> & le>n no?+4 ,"s p]sons are born tea*]s1 j z "s are born poets or me*anics4 ,t is1 !y are gift$ ) a natural aptitude = t p>ticul> "w4 ,b ^? mo/ gift$ by nature1 are capable ( improvem5t1 & ^? hav+ lea/ natural gifts = tea*+1 may acquire a c]ta9 & a v consid]able am\nt ( skill1 by prop] obs]vation & /udy4 ,! po9t :i* ,i wi% to make1 & :i* ,i deem important1 is1 t tea*]s %\ld n re/ cont5t ) _! pres5t qualifications1 :atev] !y may be1 :e!r l>ge or small4 ,let x be ! aim ( e "o to be a gr[+ tea*]4 ,we come %ort1 if we are n bett] tea*]s ?is ye> ?an we 7 la/4 ,we %\ld aim & resolve to be bett] tea*]s next ye> ?an we are n[4 ,our education z tea*]s %\ld nev] be consid]$ z f9i%$4 ,=gett+ ! ?+s :i* are beh9d1 let u ev] press =w>d4 ,let u con/antly aim upw>d4 ,skill 9 tea*+ admits ( inf9ite degrees1 & no "o w ev] be p]fect 9 x4 ,ef=ts at improvem5t1 if p]si/5tly foll[$ up1 are always rew>d$ ) success1 & success 9 su* a "w br+s a mo/ sweet recomp5se4 ,:at satisfaction is equal to t ( feel+ t "o is /eadily increas+ 9 ! p[] ( guid+ & m\ld+ ! m9ds ( o!rs8 ,gr[+ skill 9 any?+1 ev5 9 works requir+ me*anical +5uity1 br+s joy to ! m9d4 ,h[ mu* m int5se & pure ! joy1 :5 !re is a consci\sness ( gr[? 9 ?is high] dep>tm5t ( m5tal p[]8 ,w ! tea*]1 :o reads ^! p>agraphs1 consid] ! matt]8 ,are y1 z a tea*]1 gr[+8 or are y work+ on 9 dull cont5t 9 ! same old r\t9e8 ,on y\r answ] to ^! que/ions dep5d v l>gely1 n only ! welf>e ( y\r s*ol>s & ! am\nt ( good y w a*ieve1 b y\r own happ9ess & satisfaction 9 y\r "w4 ,! arti/1 :o produces "s great "w ( g5ius1 has 8 rew>d n m]ely 9 ! doll>s :i* x may br+ to 8 c(f]1 b 9 ! inw>d satisfaction :i* successful a*ievem5t produces4 ,! true arti/ is always /ruggl+ t[>ds "s unatta9able ideal1 & 8 joy is proportion$ to ! ne>ness ( 8 approa* to ! imag9$ p]fection4 ,s 9 proportion z we approa* 9 skill ! great ,tea*]1 w be our joy 9 ! "w itself1 ap>t f our joy 9 ! results4 ,to be a gr[+ tea*] requires a di/9ct aim to ?is end1 & a resolute & p]si/5t ef=t4 ,x does n come by *ance4 ,x is n a we$ t spr+s up spontane\sly1 & matures )\t culture4 ,x is n ! fruit ( m]e wi%+4 ,!re mu/ be w1 ,a ,,det]m9$ ,,& ,,resolute ,,w4 ,rules & !ories w n accompli% x4 ,!re are books & essays 9 abundance on ! art & practice ( tea*+4 ,b back ( means we mu/ h1 fir/ ( all1 ! propell+ p[]4 ,h y made up y\r m9d to be /ation>y1 or h y resolv$ to g =w>d8 ,w y rema9 9 ! wild]ness1 or w y advance into ! promis$ l& & take possession8 ,are y a delib]ate1 pr$et]m9$1 cont5t$ dw>f1 or w y resolutely gr[8 ,y may nev] become a giant1 b d n rema9 an infant4 ,if !re is any "o duty ( ! tea*] m imp]ative ?an ano!r1 x is t ( cont9u$1 p]si/5t self-improvem5t4 ,no elem5t ( progress is s effici5t z a :olesome discont5t4 ,i c\nt n myself to h atta9$1 says ! great apo/le ( progress4 ,to sit d[n self-satisfi$ ) pres5t atta9m5ts is 9 itself a sign t y h n yet ris5 mu*4 ,x is to belong to ! owls & ! bats ( ! l[] valleys4 ,"o mu/ already h asc5d$ to l(ty heights be=e he c ev5 see ! high] ,alps t[]+ beyond4 ,! tea*] :o w\ld improve mu/1 9 a good s5se1 be re/less4 ,he mu/ be/ir himself4 ,he mu/ /udy & read & exp]im5t1 att5d tea*]s' meet+s & conv5tions1 & take tea*]s' pap]s1 & f9d out :at o!r tea*]s are do+ & h done1 ev] rememb]+ t improvem5t comes ma9ly by comp>ison4 ,,xviii4 ,,lov+ ,,! ,,*ildr54 ,"s tea*]s make ! mi/ake ( suppos+ t a love = ! "w & a love = ! *ildr5 are "o & ! same ?+4 ,! two ?+s are c]ta9ly sep>able 9 ?\ght1 & !y are (t5 actually sep>at$ 9 action4 ,x is ( "s importance to tea*]s to rememb] ! diff]5ce4 ,we see p]sons e day /ruggl+ ) all _! might to accompli% c]ta9 results4 ,!y h c]ta9 ideas :i* !y wi% to realize1 c]ta9 !ories :i* !y wi% to v]ify4 ,to br+ ab\t ^! results1 is a matt] ( pride ) !m4 ,s t ! end is ga9$1 ! means to be us$ are a matt] ( comp>ative indiff]5ce4 ,_! he>t is set on ! result1 !y c>e no?+ = ! ma*9]y by :i* x is br\ght ab\t4 ,n[1 s long z ! "w is ( a nature :i* requires only ! use ( me*anical p[]s1 or ( m]e brute =ce1 x is all v well4 ,! sculptor ne$ n fall 9 love ) ! block ( m>ble on :i* he is work+1 9 ord] to realize f x ! conception ( 8 m9d4 ,! eng9e :i* c>ries u ?irty miles an h\r t[>ds ! goal ( our desires1 w n spe$ u m or less = n be+ an object ( our affections4 ,b e man has a natural & prop] dislike to becom+ a m]e ma*9e = c>ry+ out ! s*emes ( o!rs4 ,*ildr5 especially revolt at be+ treat$ 9 ?is way4 ,if a tea*] takes ! *>ge ( a class or ( a s*ool1 = ! purpose ( %[+ to himself or to o!rs h[ c]ta9 ?+s may be done1 ! *ildr5 are quick to f9d x out1 & to res5t x4 ,no *ild1 h[ev] humble or obscure1 b feels indignant at be+ consid]$ z a m]e pawn ^u a *ess-bo>d1 or a m]e :eel or pulley 9 "s complicat$ piece ( ma*9]y4 ,e individual *ild is to itself ! c5tre ( all human int]e/s1 & if y are to h any real & abid+ influ5ce ^u him1 he mu/ fir/ feel t y h a reg>d = himself1 9 8 own prop] p]son1 indep5d5tly ( any s*emes or plans ( y\r own4 ,y may love to see y\r *ildr5 all pres5t punctually1 to see !m mak+ a good appe>ance1 & by _! ord]ly behavior & mann]s help+ =w>d ! s*ool g5]ally2 y may love ! "w ( tea*+ z giv+ y honorable & useful occupation4 ,b some?+ m ?an ?is is want+4 ,y mu/ love ! *ildr54 ,y mu/ love ea* p>ticul> *ild4 ,y mu/ become int]e/$ 9 ea* *ild1 n = :at x is to y1 or to ! class1 or to ! s*ool1 b = :at x is 9 itself1 z a preci\s jewel1 to be lov$ & admir$1 = ^? immortal qualities & capacities :i* belong to x z a human be+4 ,no matt] h[ degrad$ or deprav$ or =bidd+ 9 appe>ance t *ild may be1 x has qualities :i*1 if br\ght out1 may make x m glori\s ?an an angel4 ,if ,jesus lov$ him1 y may love him4 ,jesus did n /& (f at a di/ance f ! loa?some & fil?y lep]1 :ile p]=m+ ! miracle ( heal+4 ,he fir/ t\*$ ! lep]1 & said1 ,be ?\ clean4 ,we are sometimes too fa/idi\s 9 our b5evol5ce1 & %r9k too mu* f com+ into contact ) ^? :om we w\ld befri5d4 ,little real influ5ce is ev] produc$ ^u any human be+1 )\t creat+ betwe5 y & him a bond ( sympa?y4 ,if we w\ld "w /rongly & effici5tly ^u ! m9ds ( *ildr51 we mu/ really love !m1 n 9 ! ab/ract1 n 9 a g5]al way1 b concretely & individually4 ,we mu/ love ,john & ,william & ,m>y & ,susie1 simply & purely because he or %e is1 9 himself or h]self alone1 an object ( true int]e/ & affection4 ,9 look+ ov] a s*ool1 x is n difficult to discov] at a glance :i* tea*]s ?us love _! *ildr54 ,x speaks 9 e ^w f ! lips4 ,x beams 9 e look f ! eyes4 ,x ?rills 9 e tone ( ! voice4 ,x has a language 9 ! v t\* ( ! h& & ! movem5ts ( ! p]son4 ,"s p]sons are naturally m fond ( *ildr5 ?an o!rs are4 ,b ^? n naturally ?us incl9$ may cultivate ! disposition4 ,!y mu/ d s if !y mean to be tea*]s4 ,no "o is fitt$ to be a tea*]1 :o has n le>n$ to sympa?ize ) ! real wants & feel+s ( *ildr54 ,pret5ce "h is all wa/$4 ,%ams may d ) gr[n p]sons sometimes1 nev] ) *ildr54 ,!y h an in/9ctive p]ception ( :at is g5u9e & :at is pret5d$1 9 pr(ess$ love = !m4 ,9 fact1 ! way to w9 ! affection ( a *ild is to love him1 n to make pr(essions ( love4 ,x is n always ! easie/ ?+ 9 ! _w to ex]cise ?is love4 ,a tea*] may h ! *>ge ( a class ( *ildr5 ^: appe>ance1 mann]s1 & dispositions are exce$+ly =bidd+1 p]haps ev5 loa?some4 ,yet obs]vation & /udy w ord9>ily discov] "s good quality ev5 9 ! wor/ & mo/ degrad$4 ,a tal5t = discov]+ :at is good 9 a *ild is mu* m important 9 ! "w ( elevat+ him1 ?an ! sm>tness at detect+ & expos+ 8 tricks1 9 :i* "s tea*]s take pride4 ,x is a bad sign1 ?\gh n an uncommon "o1 to see evid5ces ( cunn+ 9 a tea*]4 ,bett] by f> to be outwitt$ & dup$ occasionally1 ?an to =feit t "* ( p]fect s9c]ity & /raight=w>dness :i* secures ! confid5ce ( a *ild4 ,! tea*] :o w\ld love 8 *ildr51 p>ticul>ly if he happ5s to h be5 entru/$ ) an unpromis+ class1 mu/ le>n to we> ! spectacles ( *>ity4 ,he mu/ cultivate ! habit ( see+ ?+s 9 _! be/ light4 ,:ile n bl9d to faults1 he mu/ be prompt & eagle-ey$ to spy out e indication ( good4 ,above all1 he mu/ rememb] t no human s\l1 h[ev] degrad$1 is )\t "s elem5ts & possibilities ( good1 = :om !re is ! possibility t ,*ri/ di$4 ,,xix4 ,,ga9+ ,,! ,,affections ,,( ,,! ,,s*ol>s4 ,! importance ( ?is po9t is n to be measur$ by ! m]e gratification x af=ds4 ,x adds und\bt$ly to ! happ9ess ( ! tea*] 9 8 "w1 to "k t 8 s*ol>s love him4 ,nor is ?is a small consid]ation4 ,! tea*] has _m vexati\s rubs4 ,he enc\nt]s mu* toil & self-d5ial2 & :atev] t5ds to mitigate ^! asp]ities1 & to make 8 labor sweet1 is = t v reason important4 ,! tea*] has1 = a "p at lea/ ( 8 rew>d1 ! enjoym5t ( a love z pure & unselfi% z any kn[n ^u e>?4 ,he w d\btless g =w>d 9 duty1 ev5 :]e he fails ( obta9+ ?is preci\s =eta/e ( ! heav5ly bliss1 & he has d\btless high] aims ?an any aris+ f m]e gratification1 ( :atev] sort4 ,yet a boon s great is n to be despis$ or ignor$4 ,! ard5t love :i* s*ol>s sometimes give to _! tea*]s is a high gratification1 & some?+ to be greatly priz$ = ! m]e pleasure x gives4 ,& yet1 aft] all1 ?is is n its ma9 value4 ,! fact t *ildr5 love _! tea*]1 gives to ! tea*] almo/ unb\nd$ influ5ce ov] !m4 ,!re is h>dly a po9t1 necess>y to ! success ( a s*ool or ( a class1 t s*ol>s w n readily yield to a tea*] :om !y love4 ,by ?is silk5 cord !y c be drawn :i!rsoev] ! tea*] wills4 ,to please tea*]1 !y w att5d regul>ly1 w come punctually1 w be quiet & ord]ly1 w le>n _! lessons1 w be att5tive to in/ruction4 ,m ?an all ?is1 _m a *ild1 by ! love ( an e>?ly fri5d1 has be5 l$ to ! love ( 8 heav5ly ,fri5d4 ,! "y he>t is op5$ to receive ! ,savi\r1 by ! w>m? ( its love = "o :o s manife/ly be>s 8 image4 ,p]haps !re is no "o1 n ev5 except+ a "m1 :o c s easily br+ ! "y to ! ,savi\r1 z ! tea*] :o has ?or\ghly succe$$ 9 w9n+ 8 s*ol>s' affections4 ,!re is ano!r consid]ation 9 ?is matt]1 n s weighty z ! "o nam$1 yet ( great importance1 & ! m wor?y to be nam$1 because x is g5]ally n rightly und]/ood4 ,i ref] to ! fact t *ildr5 w le>n s mu* m readily "u a tea*] :om !y love4 ,n only w !y /udy bett]1 & be m att5tive1 = ! sake ( pleas+ _! tea*]1 b by "s my/]i\s process ( ! m9d1 love helps u to und]/&1 z dislike di/urbs & becl\ds ! und]/&+4 ,:5 a *ild has a dislike or prejudice or ill-feel+ ( any k9d aga9/ a tea*]1 or a subject ( /udy1 ! effect ^u ! m9d ( ! *ild is l t produc$ ^u a spr+ ( pure & sp>kl+ wat] by /irr+ up ! mud & s$im5t f ! bottom4 ,9 ! human organization ! he>t is at ! bottom1 & di/urb+ influ5ces !re cause u to see ?+s ?r\gh an impure m$ium4 ,! calmness & s]5ity1 produc$ by p]fect love & tru/1 are ! prop] conditions = ! "r & be/ work+ ( ! und]/&+4 ,we mu/ get ! he>t "r if we w\ld see tru? cle>ly1 & t tea*] :o has won ! love ( 8 s*ol>s has done mu* t[>ds mak+ ! pa? ( k easy = !m4 ,let ! tea*]1 !n1 aim to w9 ! love ( 8 s*ol>s1 fir/1 because ?is love is 9 itself a boon to :i* ! tea*] has a rightful claim2 secondly1 because x gives him a p[]ful influ5ce 9 m\ld+ ! "* & habits ( ! *ildr51 & especially 9 br++ !m to ! ,savi\r2 &1 ?irdly1 because x helps ! s*ol>s intellectually1 enabl+ !m to und]/& bett] & to le>n fa/]4 ,b h[ is ?is love to be ga9$8 ,assur$ly1 n by dem&+ x z a "r1 or by frett+1 compla9+1 or scold+ because y\r s*ol>s d n love y4 ,love only is ! price = love4 ,if y wi% y\r s*ol>s to love y1 y mu/ fir/ love !m1 n pret5d to d x1--*ildr5 are quick to see ?r\gh su* pret5ces1--b really & truly love !m4 ,_m tea*]s1 h[ev]1 s9c]ely love _! s*ol>s1 & yet d n succe$ 9 w9n+ _! affections4 ,some?+ 9 _! mann] & appe>ance is repulsive4 ,!re is 9 ! face ( "s good p a h>d & =bidd+ look1 at :i* ! he>t takes al>m & retires )9 itself4 ,! "y he>t1 l ! "y buds 9 spr+-"t1 requires an atmosph]e ( w>m? & sun%9e4 ,if we w\ld draw =? _! w>m affections t[>ds u1 we mu/ n only feel love t[>ds !m 9 our he>ts1 b we mu/ we> sun%9e 9 our faces4 ,a pleasant smile1 a lov+ ^w1 a s(t1 ende>+ tone ( ! voice1 goes a great way ) a *ild1 especially :]e x is n put on1 b spr+s f a lov+ he>t4 ,"s tea*]s 9 avoid+ ?is h>d1 repulsive mann]1 run to ! opposite extreme1 & lose ! respect ( _! s*ol>s by undue famili>ity4 ,*ildr5 d n expect y to become _! playmate & fell[1 be=e giv+ y _! love & confid5ce4 ,_! native t5d5cy is to look up4 ,!y ye>n = repose ^u "o sup]ior to !mselves4 ,only1 :5 ! t5d] he>t ( y\? ?us looks up1 let x n be into a region fill$ ) cl\ds & cold1 b into a sky ev]y:]e p]vad$ ) a cle>1 /eady1 w>m sunlight4 ,let !re be no fr[n ^u y\r br[1 no h>% or angry ^w ^u y\r lips1 no exact+ /]nness 9 y\r eye4 ,let ! love :i* y feel 9 y\r he>t beam =? naturally & spontane\sly 9 lov+ looks & words1 & y ne$ n fe> b t y w meet ) a response4 ,,xx4 ,,! ,,ob$i5ce ,,( ,,*ildr54 ,!re is mu* misappreh5sion z to ! true nature ( ob$i5ce4 ,:]e9 does ob$i5ce really consi/8 ,:at is its ess5ce8 ,m]ely do+ a specifi$ act1 :i* has be5 requir$1 is n necess>ily an act ( ob$i5ce4 ,a fa!r may h a rule ( 8 h\sehold t ! *ildr5 %all rise 9 ! morn+ at five o'clock4 ,a son :o habitually disreg>ds ?is rule1 may rise at ! appo9t$ "t on a p>ticul> morn+1 9 ord] to jo9 a companion on a fi%+ excursion1 or = "s object connect$ solely ) 8 own pleasure & conv5i5ce4 ,"h ! ext]nal act is ! "o requir$4 ,he rises at ! h\r enjo9$ by 8 fa!r's comm&4 ,b 8 do+ s has no ref]5ce to 8 fa!r's wi%es4 ,x is n 9 any s5se an act ( ob$i5ce4 ,some?+ m ?an m]e ext]nal compliance ) a rule or a comm& is ne$$ to con/itute ob$i5ce4 ,9 o!r words1 n only ! act itself mu/ be ! "o requir$1 b ! motive mu/ be "r4 ,if ,i am l$ to d :at my fa!r or my "m requires1 by m]e d9t ( coax+1 or by ! expectation ( cakes or p5nies or promis$ indulg5ce ( any k9d1 if x is a b>ga91 9 :i* ,i give s mu* compliance = s mu* p] contra ( self-gratification1 ! compliance r5d]$ is n an act ( ob$i5ce4 ,z well might a man pr(ess to obey 8 neighbor1 because he gives him a bag ( oats = a bag ( corn4 ,a great deal ( :at passes = ob$i5ce 9 families & s*ools1 is m]e b>t]4 ,/rip ! matt] ( all glosses & disguises1 & ! nak$ tru? rema9s1 t *ildr5 are hir$ to d :at ! p>5t or ! tea*] wants to h done4 ,!y d n obey1 9 any legitimate & :olesome use ( ! ^w4 ,!y are quiet :5 !y %\ld be quiet1 !y le>n ! lessons :i* !y %\ld le>n1 !y ab/a9 f :atev] ?+s !y %\ld ab/a9 f1 because !y h le>n$ t ?is is ! only way to ga9 ! indulg5ces :i* !y desire4 ,! p>5t & ! tea*] use a motive adequate to secure ! outw>d act1 b !y d n secure ob$i5ce4 ,x is n ob$i5ce = a *ild to d a ?+ because 8 reason & consci5ce tell him t ! act 9 itself1 )\t ref]5ce to 8 p>5ts' wi%es1 is "r & prop]4 ,at lea/ x is n filial ob$i5ce4 ,i may be obey+ my consci5ce1 b ,i am n obey+ my fa!r4 ,_m p>5ts1 :o are above ! weakness ( brib+ _! *ildr51 satisfy !mselves by reason+ ) !m4 ,f> be x f u to say a ^w aga9/ any legitimate appeal to ! reason & consci5ce ( a *ild4 ,*ildr51 at ! prop] age1 %\ld be taught to reason & to judge = !mselves1 9 reg>d to ! "r & wrong ( actions1 j z !y %\ld le>n to walk alone1 & n be =ev] dep5d5t ^u lead+ /r+s4 ,only1 let x be und]/ood t j s f> z ! *ild acts on its own indep5d5t judgm5t1 ! act is n "o ( filial ob$i5ce4 ,ob$i5ce is do+ a ?+ because ano!r1 hav+ compet5t au?ority1 has enjo9$ x4 ,! motive necess>y to con/itute any act an act ( ob$i5ce1 is a ref]5ce to ! w & au?ority ( ano!r4 ,x is submission ( our w to ! w ( ano!r4 ,! *ild receives z true :at 8 p>5ts say1 & because !y say x2 s1 he does z "r :at !y comm&1 & because !y comm& x4 ,t fact is1 & 9 ! fir/ in/ance x %\ld be1 to ! *ild's m9d1 ! ultimate & suffici5t reason = ei!r believ+ or do+--= fai? or ob$i5ce4 ,?is fai? & ob$i5ce r5d]$ to my e>?ly fa!r1 :i* is only p>tial & tempor>y1 besides s]v+ its own imm$iate ends1 9 secur+ a well-ord]$ h\sehold & my own be/ int]e/s z a *ild1 has ! fur!r end ( tra9+ me = t unqualifi$ fai? & ob$i5ce1 :i* ,i am to r5d] to my heav5ly ,fa!r1 & :i* is ( univ]sal & p]man5t obligation4 ,"o object ( ! p>5tal relation seems to be to fit ! s\l = ?is high] ob$i5ce4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 le>n to obey my fa!r simply because he is my fa!r1 & because z su* he has ! "r to comm& me1 if !reby ,i am to le>n1 = a l reason1 to obey my heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,no l[] motive w secure ! end4 ,submission to p>5tal au?ority is n always ! in/9ctive impulse ( *ildhood4 ,:]e ?is submission is n yield$1 x mu/ be en=c$4 ,au?ority1 9 o!r words1 requires sanctions4 ,! fa!r has no "r to comm&1 unless he has ! "r to puni% 9 case ( disob$i5ce4 ,fur!rmore1 if he does n1 especially 9 ! e>ly *ildhood ( 8 (fspr+1 tra9 !m to a habit ( real ob$i5ce & submission to au?ority1 he does 8 *ildr5 a great wrong4 ,he deprives !m ( ! b5efit ( t habit ( ob$i5ce1 :i* w be ( ! utmo/ value to !m 9 _! future religi\s life4 ,a man =bids 8 *ild to eat gre5 apples4 ,! *ild ab/a9s4 ,t ab/95ce is n necess>ily an act ( ob$i5ce4 ,he may ab/a9 because 8 "m (f]s1 9 case ( 8 do+ s1 to give him sug>-plums1 & he pref]s ! sug>-plums to ! apples4 ,?is is n ob$i5ce4 ,or1 8 reason & exp]i5ce may h taught him t ! eat+ ( gre5 fruit w cause him sickness & pa91 & s he ab/a9s = ! same reasons t 8 fa!r1 "m1 or anybody else does4 ,?is is n ob$i5ce4 ,b *ildr5 (t5 h n ! =e?\ght to look at remote consequ5ces1 or !y h n ! /r5g? ( purpose to d5y a pres5t gratification = ! sake ( a di/ant good1 & especially = a good ( :i* !y h only a vague idea ?r\gh ! repres5tations ( _! p>5ts or tea*]s4 ,suppose su* a case4 ,suppose a *ild ) a /rong incl9ation & desire = ! ?+ =bidd51 & ) no cle> appreh5sion t !re is any?+ wrong or hurtful 9 ! indulg5ce1 except 9 ! fact t ! fa!r has =bidd5 x1 & ) no temptation ( a high] indulg5ce z a rew>d = ab/a9+4 ,if1 9 su* a case1 ! *ild ab/a9s1 he p]=ms a true act ( ob$i5ce4 ,he really subjects 8 w to ! w ( 8 fa!r4 ,?is k9d ( implicit ob$i5ce is greatly ne$$4 ,x is to be secur$ j z our heav5ly ,fa!r secures ob$i5ce to "s ( 8 laws4 ,if a *ild ?ru/s 8 f+] into ! c&le1 he violates a law1 & he in/antly suff]s = x4 ,we are surr\nd$ by _m su* laws1 )\t ! obs]vance ( :i* we c\ld n live a day4 ,to tea* u ob$i5ce to ^! laws1 ! p5alty ( transgression is imm$iate & %>p4 ,!re are o!r laws ( our physical well-be+1 ! p5alties ( :i* are remote1 & 9 reg>d to ^? we h room = ! ex]cise & cultivation ( our reason+ p[]s4 ,n[ 9 *ildhood1 !re are _m ?+s :i* a *ild %\ld be taught to =be> do+ z promptly z he =be>s to ?ru/ 8 h& into ! fire4 ,yet = ^! ?+s !re is no natural p5alty4 ,"h ! comm& ( ! p>5t %\ld be int]pos$1 & transgression %\ld be promptly foll[$ by p5alty4 ,! au?ority ( ! p>5t & ! p5alties by :i* he su/a9s x1 guide ! *ild dur+ ^? ye>s :5 reason & ! p[] ( self-d5ial are weak4 ,b to make ?is discipl9e easy & effective1 !re %\ld be no hesitation or unc]ta9ty ab\t ! ex]cise ( x4 ,p>5ts (t5 h to /ra9 _! au?ority1 & use v l>gely _! "r ( puni%m5t1 because !y are s unequal & irregul> 9 _! me?ods ( gov]nm5t4 ,a *ild soon ceases to ?ru/ 8 f+] into ! fire4 ,fire is n a ?+ :i* burns "o day1 & may be safely tamp]$ ) ! next4 ,s1 if disob$i5ce1 inv>iably & promptly1 )\t passion or caprice1 & ) ! uni=mity ( a law ( nature1 br+s su* a p5alty z to make ! disob$i5ce pa9ful1 !re w be little transgression & little ne$ ( puni%m5t4 ,a *ild does n fret because he _c play ) fire4 ,he w n fret because he _c transgress a fa!r's direct comm&1 if he once kn[s t su* comm&s mu/ be obey$4 ,,xxi4 ,,r>ey ,,z ,,an ,,educator4 ,p>5ts1 tea*]s1 & all :o are *>g$ ) ! duty ( tra9+ ! "y1 may le>n important lessons f ! example ( ! late ,mr4 ,r>ey4 ,! pr9ciples on :i* ! horse is r5d]$ ob$i5t & docile d n diff] ess5tially f ^? to be employ$ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( *ildr5 or ( m54 ,"s ( ! acc\nts ( ,mr4 ,r>ey's sy/em1 h[ev]1 :i* h be5 publi%$1 are liable to mislead1 & to fo/] a mis*iev\s error4 ,8 proc$ure 0 em95tly k9d & g5tle4 ,! horse became fully assur$ t no h>m 0 int5d$ t[>ds him4 ,?is conviction is ess5tial to success 9 secur+ a p]fect & will+ ob$i5ce1 :e!r f brute or human4 ,b ! di/9ctness ) :i* ?is feature ( ! treatm5t 0 br\ght out 9 ,mr4 ,r>ey's exhibitions1 l$ "s app>5tly to ?9k t ?is 0 ! ma91 if n ! only feature4 ,k9dness alone1 h[ev]1 w n tame1 & w n gov]n1 brutes or m54 ,!re mu/ be p[]4 ,!re mu/ be1 9 ! m9d ( ! p>ty to be gov]n$1 a full conviction t ! p[] ( ! o!r p>ty is sup]ior to 8 own--t !re is1 9 ! p>ty claim+ ob$i5ce1 an ample res]ve ( p[] fully adequate to en=ce ! claim4 ,! m complete ?is conviction is1 ! less occasion !re w be = ! ex]cise ( ! p[]4 ,! mo/ head/rong horse1 once conv9c$ t he is helpless 9 ?is conte/ ( /r5g?1 & conv9c$ at ! same "t t 8 ma/] is 8 fri5d1 may be l$ by a /raw4 ,mr4 ,r>ey w5t ?r\gh v>i\s prelim9>y /eps1 ! object ( :i* 0 to make ! horse acqua9t$ ) him1 & to prev5t fright or panic4 ,b ob$i5ce 0 n claim$1 & 0 n giv51 until !re _h be5 a demon/ration ( p[]--until ! horse 0 conv9c$ t ! man 0 entirely too mu* = him4 ,by a v simple adju/m5t ( /raps to ! =efeet ( ! animal1 he became p]fectly helpless 9 ! h&s ( 8 tam]4 ,! /ruggle1 inde$1 0 sometimes cont9u$ = a good :ile4 ,! horse put =? 8 prodigi\s /r5g? to ! utmo/4 ,he became almo/ wild at ! p]fect ease & quietude ) :i* all 8 ef=ts 7 baffl$1 until at l5g?1 fully satisfi$ t fur!r /ruggles 7 useless1 he made a complete surr5d]1 & lay d[n z peaceful & submissive z an infant4 ,?is po9t is ( "s importance4 ,i d n und]rate ! value ( k9dness & love 9 any sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 :e!r 9 ! h\sehold1 ! s*ool1 ! /able1 ! m5ag]ie1 or 9 civil society4 ,b love is n ! basis ( gov]nm5t4 ,ob$i5ce is yield$ to au?ority1 & au?ority is bas$ on "r & p[]4 ,! *ild :o complies ) 8 fa!r's wi%es1 only because a diff]5t c\rse w\ld make 8 fa!r grieve1 or give 8 "m a heada*e1 or because 8 p>5ts h reason$ ) him & %[n him t compliance is = 8 good1 or :o has be5 :e$l$ into compliance by petty bribes & promises1 has n le>n$ t doctr9e ( ob$i5ce :i* lies at ! f\ndation ( all gov]nm5t1 human & div9e4 ,god has giv5 to ! p>5t ! "r to ! ob$i5ce ( 8 *ildr51 & ! p[] to en=ce x4 ,t p>5t has fail$ 9 8 duty :o has n tra9$ 8 *ild1 n only to love him1 b to obey him1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 t is to yield 8 w to ! w ( a sup]ior1 f a s5se ( appo9t$ subord9ation & rightful au?ority4 ,?is s5se ( subord9ation & ( ob$i5ce to appo9t$ & rightful au?ority1 is ( ! v ess5ce ( civil gov]nm5t1 & ! place :]e x is to be fir/ & *iefly le>n$ is 9 ! h\sehold4 ,to tea* ?is is a ma9 end ( ! p>5tal relation4 ,! p>5t :o fails to tea* x1 fails to give 8 *ild ! fir/ elem5t ( good citiz5%ip1 & leaves him (t5 to be 9 aft]-ye>s ! victim ( 8 own uncontroll$ passions & temp]s4 ,! want ( a prop] ex]cise ( p>5tal au?ority is1 9 ?is age ( ! _w1 ! mo/ prolific s\rce ( ^? frightful disord]s t p]vade society1 & t ?reat5 to upturn ! v f\ndations ( all civil gov]nm5t4 ,! feel+ ( rev]5ce1 ! s5se ( a respect = au?ority1 ! consci\sness ( be+ 9 a /ate ( subord9ation1 ! feel+ ( obligation to d a ?+ simply because x is comm&$ by "s "o hav+ a "r to ob$i5ce--all ^! old-fa%ion$ notions seem to be dy+ out ( ! m9ds ( m54 ,! popul> cry is1 ,don't make y\r *ildr5 fe> y4 ,gov]n !m by love4 ,conqu] !m by k9dness4 ,treat !m z ,mr4 ,r>ey did 8 horses4 ,i prote/ aga9/ ! notion4 ,x is a mi/ake ( ,mr4 ,r>ey's sy/em1 & x is n ! true basis = gov]nm5t1 :e!r ( brutes or m54 ,! doctr9e may seem h>% 9 ^! da9ty times4 ,b1 9 my op9ion1 a c]ta9 degree ( :olesome fe> 9 ! m9d ( a *ild t[>ds its p>5t1 is ess5tial1 & is p]fectly compatible ) ! v highe/ love4 ,i h nev] kn[n m confid+1 affectionate1 & lov+ *ildr51 ?an ^? :o n only reg>d$ _! p>5ts z k9d b5efactors & sympa?iz+ fri5ds1 b :o look$ up to !m ) a c]ta9 degree ( rev]5ce4 ,! fe> spok5 ( 9 ! ,bible1 z be+ ca/ out by p]fect love1 is q a diff]5t emotion4 ,x is r a slavi% fe>1 a feel+ ( dread & t]ror4 ,x sees 9 its object n only p[] b ho/ility4 ,x awak5s n only dread b hate4 ,! *ild's fe>1 on ! contr>y1 sees p[] unit$ ) k9dness4 ,x obeys ! "o1 x loves ! o!r4 ,x is ! exact attitude ( m9d to :i* ,mr4 ,r>ey br\ght ! horse t 0 subject$ to 8 managem5t4 ,,xxii4 ,a ,,bo>d+-,,s*ool ,,exp]i5ce4 ,i h (t5 wi%$ ,i _h ! descriptive p[] ( ! man :o wrote ,! ,di>y ( a ,physician4 ,my exp]i5ces 9 ano!r pr(ession h n be5 want+ 9 incid5t1 (t5 ( a curi\s & romantic k9d1 & sometimes almo/ />tl+4 ,b ! ,di>y ( a ,s*oolma/]1 to be read ) int]e/1 requires some?+ m ?an a good basis ( facts4 ,he :o writes x mu/ h1 also1 graphic & n>rative p[]s--a special gift1 ( :i* nature has be5 sp>+ to me4 ,i _h "o exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 _m ye>s ago1 s rem>kable 9 "s ( its features1 t p]haps ! b>e facts1 /at$ 9 ! simple/ =m1 )\t artifice or embelli%m5t1 w be f\nd wor?y ( p]usal4 ,! y\? :o 0 ! pr9cipal actor 9 ! sc5e :i* ,i am ab\t to describe1 has be5 dead ^! _m ye>s1 & ,i believe ! family h ne>ly all di$ out4 ,! only survivor t ,i knew any?+ ( t5 ye>s ago 0 !n bl9d1 & ill ( an incurable disease4 ,!re w\ld1 !re=e1 p]haps be no h>m 9 giv+ ! y\?'s real "n2 b z ! "n is "o widely kn[n1 & z x is always be/ to avoid unnecess>y intrusion ^u private affairs1 ,i h conclud$ to use a fictiti\s "n1 bo? = ! p]son ref]r$ to & = ! place f :i* he came4 ,9 o!r p>ticul>s ! foll[+ incid5t is a simple n>ration ( facts4 ,at ! "t ( :i* ,i am writ+1 ,i _h a l>ge bo>d+-s*ool = boys1 at ,pr9ceton1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,p>ticul> circum/ances gave me1 = sev]al ye>s1 q a run ( patronage f a t[n 9 "o ( ! ,we/]n ,/ates1 :i* = conv5i5ce ,i %all call ,tompk9sville4 ,among ^? :o appli$ = admission f ?is t[n 7 two bro!rs1 ,bob & ,*>lie ,graham4 ,bob 0 only t5 ye>s old4 ,*>lie 0 f\rte51 & z mature z mo/ boys at n9ete54 ,mature1 ,i mean1 n s mu* 9 8 intellectual developm5t1 = 9 t respect he 0 r beh9dh&1 b 9 8 passions1 & 9 8 habits ( indep5d5t ?\ght & action4 ,i _h _m misgiv+s ab\t ! propriety ( receiv+ ^! boys into ! s*ool4 ,mo/ ( ^? t ,i _h already f ,tompk9sville 7 ( ! fire-eat+ class1 :om x _h tak5 all my skill z a discipl9>ian to br+ into subjection1 & ,i did n "k :at might be ! effect ( add+ to _! numb] two su* combu/ible y\?s z ^! ,grahams 7 reput$ to be4 ,tompk9sville1 inde$1 _h long be5 notori\s = ! fi]y & lawless "* ( its inhabitants4 ,:ile conta9+ _m mo/ e/imable families1 :]e a g5]\s & w>m-he>t$ hospitality reign$ supreme1 yet no t[n1 probably1 9 all ! ,we/]n ,/ates witness$ annually a great] numb] ( /reet-fights & o!r de$s ( viol5ce ( ! mo/ desp]ate "*4 ,no family 9 ,tompk9sville 7 m not$ ?an ! ,grahams1 on ! "o h& = ! passionate w>m? ( _! atta*m5ts1 & on ! o!r = ! fi]c5ess & viol5ce ( _! res5tm5ts4 ,no?+ 0 too mu* = !m to d = y :5 _! affections 7 t\*$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 no law1 human or div9e1 seem$ to re/ra9 !m :5 _! blood 0 up4 ,:5 r\s$ by :at !y reg>d$ z an insult1 !y 7 human tig]s1 no less 9 ! quickness ?an 9 ! desp]ate f]ocity ( _! ang]4 ,! fa!r once1 9 op5 c\rt1 9 a sudd5 rage1 actually /rode ov] ! tables & heads ( ! lawy]s1 & seiz+ ! presid+ judge by ! coll>1 dragg$ him f ! b5* & horse:ipp$ him 9 ! pres5ce ( all 8 (ficials4 ,*>lie himself1 ( :om ,i am writ+1 gave1 ab\t two ye>s aft] leav+ s*ool1 a simil> demon/ration ( viol5ce4 ,he>+ t a "y man1 :o 0 a fell[-/ud5t ( 8 9 a law (fice1 _h done some?+ insult+1 ,*>lie drew up a =mal writt5 apology & pres5t$ x to ! "y man to sign1 int5d+ aft]w>ds to po/ x4 ,on ! "y man's refus+ to sign ! pap]1 ,*>lie drew a weapon ( "s k9d & sprang ^u him4 ,! "y man be+ sev]al ye>s old]1 & v l>ge & p[]ful1 _h no difficulty 9 dis>m+ 8 assailant1 ?r[+ him ^u ! floor & hold+ him !re4 ,:ile ?us d[n ^u 8 back1 b\nd h& & foot1 & completely at ! m]cy ( 8 antagoni/1 ,*>lie /ill dem&$1 z fi]cely z ev]1 ! sign+ ( ! apology1 giv+ ! "y man1 z ! only alt]native1 ei!r to kill him or to be kill$4 ,if y let me up alive1 ,i w %oot y at sight1 z sure z my "n is ,*>les ,graham4 ,kn[+ ! desp]ate "* ( ! family1 & feel+ too well assur$ ( 8 own social position to c>e = any effect ! sign+ ( su* a pap] might h1 ! "y man c\rage\sly let ! ruffian up & sign$ ! apology4 ,two days aft]1 ,*>lie came back to ! (fice1 ?or\ghly mortifi$ & p5it5t = 8 outrage1 volunt>ily gave up ! pap]1 & apologiz$ 9 ! ample/ mann] = 8 folly4 ,i might enum]ate o!r in/ances by ! score1 7 x necess>y1 to %[ ! "* ( ! boy ) :om ,i _h to deal4 ,b ^! are probably suffici5t4 ,8 passions 7 z quick z gunp[d]1 & z indiscrim9ate4 ,_h ,i kn[n all t ,i aft]w>ds knew 9 reg>d to 8 disposition & 8 antec$5ts1 ,i c]ta9ly w\ld n h und]tak5 ! *>ge ( 8 education4 ,! ,grahams _h be5 ) me ne>ly a ye> )\t ! occurr5ce ( any?+ to attract att5tion or call = discipl9e4 ,! s*ool _h consid]able reputation among ! p ( ,tompk9sville = ! /rictness ( its discipl9e4 ,?\gh ! relations betwe5 ! pupils & myself 7 = ! mo/ "p ?or\ghly k9d & fri5dly1 yet x 0 well und]/ood by e boy :o ent]$ s*ool t ! w ( ! ,pr9cipal 0 supreme4 ,mr4 ,graham _h probably br\ght 8 boys to ! s*ool = t v reason4 ,! r\t9e ( ob$i5ce _h be5 s ?or\ghly e/abli%$1 t 8 boys1 he ?\ght1 w\ld submit ?r\gh m]e =ce ( example4 ,bob 0 too "y to give any uneas9ess4 ,he fell1 ( c\rse1 into _m ( ! peccadilloes ( boys ( 8 age1 & receiv$1 )\t demur1 ! treatm5t ( a little boy4 ,*>lie1 = a long "t1 0 almo/ a model ( propriety4 ,he 0 dilig5t 9 8 /udies1 & obs]v$ ! rules ( ! s*ool ) scrupul\s c>e4 ,he 0 fair1 almo/ girli%1 9 appe>ance1 & g5tle 9 8 spee*4 ,no "o1 m]ely obs]v+ ! quiet1 mode/ boy1 go+ ab\t 8 usual r\t9e ( duty1 )\t noise or turbul5ce1 w\ld h dream$ ( ! sleep+ volcano t lay b5ea? ?is placid ext]ior4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! second t]m ,i began to notice 9 ,*>lie symptoms t ,i did n l4 ,! h>ness evid5tly *af$ him some:]e1 & !re 0 no tell+ :5 he might kick out ( ! traces4 ,! crisis at l5g? came4 ,"o morn+1 :5 ! boys 7 9 ! wa%room1 "u ! *>ge ( ! s5ior tea*]1 ,*>lie1 ) :at precise provocation ,i c\ld nev] asc]ta91 drew back 8 bas9 ( wat] & ?rew x full into ! tea*]'s face4 ,"h 0 a case4 ,we 7 ab\t to h an explosion4 ,evid5tly ! "y fire-eat]'s blood 0 up4 ,he 0 b5t on hav+ a sc5e2 &1 :ile 8 h& 0 91 he w\ld q likely make up = all ! long mon?s ( peaceful inaction4 ,all ! tig] )9 him /ood reveal$4 ,! matt] 0 report$ to me ( c\rse4 ,aft] "s little ?\ght1 my plan 0 *os54 ,n a ^w 0 said on ! subject = sev]al h\rs4 ,meals1 play-"t1 /udy-h\rs1 lessons1 ev]y?+ w5t on z usual4 ,at l5g?1 ab\t elev5 o'clock1 ,*>lie 0 summon$1 n to ! pr9cipal's desk1 9 ! public s*ool-room1 b to my private (fice1 9 a remote "p ( ! premises4 ,z he ent]$ ! quiet ap>tm5t1 x 0 evid5t t ! int]v5+ h\rs ( reflection _h n be5 lo/ ^u him4 ,he 0 pretty sure1 ( c\rse1 t ,i _h s5t = him 9 consequ5ce ( ! occurr5ce ( ! morn+4 ,/ill he 0 n c]ta94 ,n a ^w _h be5 utt]$ 9 s*ool on ! subject--no allusion to x ev54 ,altoge!r !re 0 some?+ ab\t ! affair t my/ifi$ him4 ,! foll[+ brief dialogue ensu$4 ,:]e are y\r skates1 ,*>lie8 ,9 my box 9 ! play-room1 sir4 ,:]e is y\r sl$8 ,t is hang+ up 9 ! out] %$4 ,:]e is y\r fi%+-l9e & y\r ball8 ,!y are 9 ! play-room4 ,i wi% y w\ld get ^! & all y\r o!r play?+s toge!r be=e d9n]4 ,pet] 7?is 0 ! head wait]7 has collect$ y\r boots & %oes1 & ,s>ah 7! seam/ress7 has got y\r clo!s toge!r & pack$ y\r trunks4 ,i h made out y\r acc\nts1 & w be ready to s5d y home to y\r fa!r by ! aft]noon tra94 ,y may help ,bob also to collect 8 play?+s2 he has n done any?+ wrong1 b he is s "y ,i ?9k y\r fa!r w\ld n l to h him "h alone s f> f home4 ,all ?is 0 said 9 a tone z utt]ly emotionless z ,i w\ld h us$ if ask+ him :e!r he w\ld be help$ to beef or lamb at table4 ,*>lie 0 tak5 aback4 ,if ,i _h attempt$ to *a/ise him1 if ,i _h ev5 us$ t[>ds him ! language ( invective or reproa*1 he c\ld h met ! case4 ,b "h 0 an issue :i* he _h nev] contemplat$4 ,aft] a mom5t ( blank amazem5t1 he said3 ,mr4 ,h41 ,i don't want to g home ?us4 ,x w grieve my fa!r1 & x w be a la/+ /igma to me 9 ,tompk9sville1 :]e x is c\nt$ an honor to belong to ?is s*ool4 ,i "k ,i h done wrong1 b c't y inflict "s o!r puni%m5t8 ,i w submit to any?+ r ?an be s5t home 9 ?is way4 ,put me 9 'exile' & at ! 'side-table1' = ?ree days1 or any "t y please6 ,?is 0 an extreme p5alty1 sometimes us$ 9 s*ool = v grave (f5ces4 ,! boy :o 0 subject to x 0 oblig$ to /& at a table by himself 9 ! d9+-room & eat bread & wat]1 :ile ! o!r boys & _! tea*]s 7 at _! meals4 ,besides ?is1 dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! p5alty ! culprit 0 n all[$ to g ^u ! play-gr\nd1 or to speak to any "o1 nor 0 any "o all[$ to speak to him1 "u ! p5alty ( be+ himself simil>ly puni%$4 ,! puni%m5t 01 ( c\rse1 a sev]e "o 9 itself1 & 0 v mortify+ to a boy ( high _s4 ,x 0 only resort$ to 9 extreme cases1 & 0 limit$ to "o day4 ,*>lie begg$ t ,i w\ld exile & side-table him = a week1 if ,i pleas$2 only n s5d him home ?us4 ,no1 ,*>lie2 ,i am n sure t y\r fa!r w\ld approve ( y\r be+ ?us publicly disgrac$ be=e ! s*ool & ! family1 nor am ,i myself sure t x w\ld be "r 9 ! case ( a boy s f> advanc$ t[>ds manhood z y are4 ,9 assum+ ! *>ge ( y1 ,i nev] contemplat$ any?+ 9 our int]c\rse b su* z occurs betwe5 g5tlem54 ,s9ce ,i h be5 mi/ak5 9 my e/imate ( y1 let our int]c\rse cease4 ,x w\ld n alt] y\r "* to subject y to a humiliat+ puni%m5t be=e ! assembl$ s*ool4 ,if x 7 y\r bro!r ,bob1 ! case w\ld be diff]5t4 ,b y are almo/ a man4 ,y h be5 treat$ "h1 z at home1 ) ! consid]ation due to a "y g5tleman4 ,i w\ld myself revolt at see+ "o ( y\r ye>s & /&+ treat$ z y reque/ me to treat y4 ,i _c d x4 ,y mu/ g home4 ,oh1 no6 no6 ,d n s5d me home6 ,d any?+ else4 ,i w submit to any puni%m5t y please4 ,flog me2 please1 flog me6 ,flog y6 ,nev]6 ,i h no scruples1 z y "k1 on ! subject ( corporal puni%m5t1 = ,i (t5 *a/ise ! small] boys2 b boys z old & mature z y are h s5se en\gh to be gov]n$ by o!r consid]ations ?an fe>1 & especially fe> ( ! rod4 ,if !y h n1 ,i want no?+ to d ) !m4 ,oh6 ,mr4 ,h41 won't y please to flog me8 ,& ! boy actually w5t d[n on 8 knees & begg$ me to ?ra% him4 ,he1 ,*>lie ,graham1 ^: ve9s ran fire1 :o1 six h\rs be=e1 w\ld h leap$ at my ?roat _h ,i s mu* z rais$ my f+] at him1 0 n[ begg+ me1 z a special boon1 to give him a :ipp+6 ,i c\ld h>dly believe my s5ses4 ,yet !re 0 no d\bt ( ! boy's s9c]ity1 or ( 8 e>ne/ness4 ,s1 to give me "t to reflect z to :at %\ld be done1 ,i f9ally said1 ,*>lie1 ,i w ?9k ( :at y h ask$1 & let y "k at ?ree o'clock4 ,?ree o'clock came1 & ,*>lie aga9 made 8 appe>ance4 ,d y /ill wi% me to :ip y8 ,i d4 ,i w make any apology y ?9k prop] to ! tea*] :om ,i insult$1 & ,i w be mo/ ?ankful to y to *a/ise me = ! (f5ce4 ,please to take (f y\r coat4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 ! pa9ful affair 0 ov]1 ,i gave him my h& cordially & frankly1 & said1 ,*>lie1 y h honorably & c\rage\sly aton$ = a griev\s fault1 & ,i assure y1 ,i re/ore y n only to y\r position 9 s*ool1 b to my respect & confid5ce4 ,i nev] _h any fur!r difficulty ) ,*>lie ,graham4 ,ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 ,i met 8 fa!r at ! ,spr+s1 he c\ld h>dly conta9 8 amazem5t :5 ,i told him t ,i _h once flogg$ 8 olde/ son ,*>lie1 at 8 own p>ticul> reque/4 ,x 01 ,i suppose1 ! fir/ & la/ "t ! h& ( correction 0 ev] laid on him4 ,,xxiii4 ,,phr5ology4 ,9 ! previ\s *apt] ,i gave a leaf f my exp]i5ce ( life 9 a bo>d+-s*ool4 ,i propose n[ to give ano!r leaf f ! same book4 ,! incid5t ab\t to be n>rat$1 h[ev]1 is n giv5 z an illu/ration ( bo>d+-s*ool life1 b m]ely because x happ5$ at s*ool4 ,x might h happ5$ else:]e1 ?\gh ! circum/ances on t occasion 7 p>ticul>ly favorable = giv+ to x a curi\s po9t4 ,:ile ,i 0 at ! head ( ! ,edgehill s*ool1 at ,pr9ceton1 ,n4 ,j41 a /rang] call$ "o day & ann\nc$ himself z ,pr(4 ----4 ,! "n is "o almo/ z well kn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( ,phr5ological sci5ce z t ( ,pr(4 ,combe4 ,he said he 0 ab\t to give a lecture 9 ,pr9ceton on ! subject ( ,phr5ology1 & z he 0 an entire /rang] to myself & to all ! pupils & tea*]s 9 ! s*ool1 he ?\ght x w\ld be a good opportunity = mak+ an int]e/+ & critical exp]im5t4 ,he propos$1 !re=e1 ) my cons5t1 to sp5d an h\r1 9 pres5ce ( ! s*ool1 9 exam9+ ! heads ( any ( ! boys t ,i might call up = t purpose4 ,f ! v intimate relations exi/+ 9 a bo>d+-s*ool1 ! *>act]s ( ! boys w\ld be well kn[n to me & to _! companions & tea*]s1 & we w\ld h !re=e ! means ( kn[+ h[ f> he succe$$ 9 8 exp]im5t4 ,?9k+ t an h\r sp5t 9 ?is way w\ld n be missp5t1 t x w\ld at lea/ give "s v>iety to ! monoton\s r\t9e ( /udy & lessons1 &1 let me add1 be+ n entirely )\t curiosity z to ! result1 ,i cons5t$ to 8 proposition1 & call$ ! s*ool toge!r 9 ! l>ge assembly-room4 ,all ! boys be+ 9 _! seats1 toge!r ) ! tea*]s & ! ladies ( ! h\sehold1 ,i /at$ briefly ! object ( _! assembl+ & ! me?od 9 :i* x 0 propos$ to proce$ ) ! exp]im5t4 ,!y 7 to obs]ve entire sil5ce1 & to give no indication1 by ^w or look1 s f> z !y c\ld help x1 to %[ :e!r ! ,pr(essor 0 hitt+ ! m>k or n1 z he read (f to !m ! *>act]s ( _! companions4 ,! boys took to ! idea at once1 & ! excitem5t v soon 0 at fev]-heat4 ,plac+ a *air ^u ! plat=m1 9 full view ( ! s*ool1 & ! ,pr(essor alongside ( x1 ,i call$ up ,boy ,no4 #a4--,?is happ5$ to be a lad ab\t f\rte51 f ! int]ior ( ,alabama4 ,he 0 ! mo/ a?letic boy 9 s*ool4 ,full big he 0 ( brawn & eke ( bones1 z ,*auc] says1 9 8 picture ( ! ,mill]4 ,he c\ld beat any boy 9 s*ool 9 wre/l+1 & no d\bt c\ld flog any ( !m 9 a fi/-fight1 ?\gh on ?is po9t ,i speak only f conjecture1 z ?is "p ( boys' amusem5ts is n always z well kn[n to _! tea*]s z x is to ! boys !mselves4 ,! ,pr(essor1 aft] "s little manipulation ( ! cranium1 read (f ! boy's "* ) tol]able accuracy4 ,any "o1 h[ev]1 ) a gra9 ( obs]vation1 :o _h se5 ! boy /alk+ up to ! plat=m1 ) bold1 almo/ defiant air1 or _h notic$ 8 bull-neck1 h>d fi/1 & swagg]+ gait1 c\ld n h _h mu* difficulty 9 guess+ :at k9d ( a boy he 01 )\t resort to 8 bumps = in=mation4 ,x 0 writt5 9 unmi/akable *>act]s all ov] 8 physical con=mation1 f 8 head to 8 heels4 ,i notic$1 h[ev]1 t :ile ! ,pr(essor's f+]s 7 busy ) ! boy's cranium1 8 eyes 7 n less busy ) ! faces ( 8 y\?ful auditors4 ,:5ev] 8 int]pretation ( any bump 0 a palpable hit1 8 success c\ld be all too pla9ly read 9 ! upturn$ faces be=e him4 ,if ! success 0 v m>k$ & decisive1 ! y\ng/]s 7 entirely unable to re/ra9 _! expressions ( surprise & admiration4 ,x 0 v evid5t1 f 8 me?od ( proc$ure1 t he 0 guid$ by ^! expressions1 q z mu* z by 8 f+]+ ( ! bumps4 ,he w\ld fir/ m5tion lightly "s trait ( "*4 ,if x attract$ no p>ticul> att5tion1 he w\ld quietly fall on to some?+ else4 ,b if ! ann\ncem5t seem$ to create a little breeze1 %[+ t he _h made a hit1 he w\ld !n dwell ^u ! po9t1 & int5sify 8 expressions1 until1 9 "s in/ances1 ! s*ool 0 9 q an upro> ( satisfaction4 ,possibly !re 0 a spice ( malice 9 :at foll[$4 ,at all ev5ts1 x seem$ to me t t 0 a k9d ( game at :i* two c\ld play1 & if1 "u ! circum/ances1 he *ose to palm (f = k ga9$ by ! f+]s1 :at he 0 really gett+ by means ( 8 eyes & e>s1 !re w\ld be no great crime 9 puni%+ him a little = 8 imp]t95ce4 ,s1 9 call+ ! foll[+ boys1 ,i select$ "s :o 7 notori\s 9 s*ool = c]ta9 m>k$ traits1 b ^: g5]al appe>ance & mann] gave no indication ( _! m5tal peculi>ities2 & ,i que/ion$ ! ,pr(essor1 9 reg>d to ea* boy1 aft] a me?od suit$ to ! case4 ,boy ,no4 #b 0 a y\? ( mod]ate abilities1 & 01 9 all ?+s1 save "o1 j l o!r boys4 ,b1 9 "o matt]1 he _h a peculi>ity ab\t :i* !re c\ld be no mi/ake4 ,t 0 9 ! matt] ( music4 ,s1 aft] que/ion+ ! ,pr(essor ab\t v>i\s indiff]5t po9ts1 moral & intellectual1 su* z rev]5ce1 combativ5ess1 secretiv5ess1 language1 ideality1 etc41 ,i ask$ incid5tally some?+ also ab\t tune & music4 ,! answ] 0 su* z might be safely giv5 9 reg>d to n9ety-n9e out ( e hundr$ p]sons--"s vague1 indef9ite epi!t t w\ld apply to almo/ any "o4 ,b1 see+ a little sp>kle 9 ! eyes be=e him1 ! g5tleman manipulat$ ! cranium aga91 & !n express$ himself some:at m /rongly4 ,z 8 expressions increas$ 9 /r5g?1 ! excitem5t ( ! audi5ce increas$1 until he 0 q lo/ 9 hyp]bole1 z !y 7 9 upro>4 ,he ev5 w5t into p>ticul>s4 ,n[1 said he1 ?\gh ,i nev] saw ?is boy be=e1 yet ,i v5ture to say t 8 e> = music is s quick t he c pick up almo/ any tune by once he>+ x play$ or :i/l$ 9 ! /reet4 ,a g5]al ru/le ?r\gh ! s*ool1 boys w9k+ & giv+ kn[+ looks "o to ano!r4 ,i d>e say he c\ld n[ s+ or :i/le a hundr$ tunes f memory4 ,m kn[+ looks4 ,possibly he may nev] make a v accurate p]=m]1 on acc\nt ( ! v ease ) :i* he picks up a tune4 ,he le>ns a tune s easily by ! e>1 t he w n submit to ! drudg]y ( /udy+ x sci5tifically4 ,y ?9k1 !n1 ,pr(essor1 t ! boy has decid$ indications ( musical tal5t8 ,und\bt$ly4 ,he has musical tal5ts ( a v high ord] suppress$ %\ts am\nt+ almo/ to g5ius6 ,! fact 01 poor ,*>lie 0 ! butt ( ! :ole s*ool1 on acc\nt ( 8 utt] inability to le>n ! fir/ elem5ts ( ei!r ! art or ! sci5ce ( music4 ,he c\ld nei!r s+1 :i/le1 nor play4 ,he c\ld h>dly tell ,old ,hundr$ f ,yankee ,doodle4 ,al?\gh he _h be5 tak+ music-lessons = two ye>s1 he c\ld n rise & fall ?r\gh ! eight notes1 to save 8 neck4 ,8 attempts to d s 7 a sort ( indiscrim9ate goo1 goo1 goo1 l t ( an infant2 & ! excitem5t among ! boys1 :i* ! ,pr(essor _h mi/ak5 = applause & admiration1 grew out ( _! a/oni%m5t4 ,!y 7 simply laugh+ at him4 ,boy ,no4 #c 0 a y\? ov] f\rte5 ye>s old1 regul>ly & symmetrically =m$ 9 face1 features1 & p]son4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 8 make or be>+ to indicate any m>k$ peculi>ity4 ,yet he _h a peculi>ity z m>k$ z t ( ! prec$+4 ,he 0 s+ul>ly defici5t 9 ! capacity = ma!matical /udies4 ,he 0 /udy+ ,engli% gramm>1 geography1 & ,lat91 & got along 9 ^! bran*es ab\t z well z ! majority ( 8 class4 ,b :5 x came to ! sci5ce ( numb]s1 he seem$ to /ick fa/4 ,nei!r ,i nor any ( my tea*]s _h be5 able to get him beyond ,long ,division4 ,x 0 z cle> a case z ,i h ev] kn[n ( natural defici5cy 9 t dep>tm5t ( ! m5tal con/itution4 ,yet ?is boy 0 decl>$ by ! manipulator to h a decid$ tal5t = ma!matics4 ,boy ,no4 #d 0 my crack ma!matician4 ,he 0 really 9 ma!matics :at our manipulator _h made out ,no4 #b to be 9 music4 ,8 quickness 9 ! p]ception ( ma!matical tru? 0 wond]ful4 ,besides ?is natural read9ess 9 ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to ! sci5ce ( quantity & ! relations ( numb]s1 he _h receiv$ a good ma!matical tra9+1 & he 0 9 ?is dep>tm5t f> 9 advance ( 8 ye>s4 ,:5ev] we _h a public exhibition1 ,george 0 our %[-c>d4 ,! rapidity ) :i* he w\ld fill ! blackbo>d1 9 solv+ difficult problems 9 quadratics1 0 almo/ bewild]+4 ,x 0 n e tea*] ev5 t c\ld foll[ him 9 8 quick b exact evolutions ( complex algebraical =mul4 ,9 ,greek & ,lat9 he h>dly atta9$ to m$iocrity1 be+ always beh9d 8 class1 :ile 9 ma!matics he 0 sup]ior1 n only to e boy 9 s*ool1 b to any boy ( ! same age t ,i h ev] _h 9 any s*ool4 ,b ?is boy receiv$ f ! ,pr(essor only a second or ?ird-rate rank = ma!matical indications1 :ile highly prais$ = l+ui/ics1 9 :i* he 0 decid$ly inf]ior4 ,! fact 01 ,i saw t ! g5tleman 0 try+ to read me1 z well z ! m y\?ful "p ( 8 audi5ce2 & s1 9 que/ion+ him ab\t ?is boy1 ,i 0 malici\s en\gh to be v m9ute & specific 9 my inquiries ab\t any indications ( a tal5t = language1 :ile ! que/ions ab\t ma!matics 7 prop\nd$ j l ^? ab\t half a doz5 o!r po9ts2 t is1 ) no special /ress or emphasis1 b j en\gh to draw f ! ,pr(essor a cle> & di/9ct expression ( op9ion4 ,boy ,no4 #e 0 p]haps ! mo/ critical case ( all1 yet ! "o mo/ difficult to describe4 ,he 0 good1 & ab\t equally good1 9 all 8 /udies4 ,he /ood head 9 almo/ e class4 ,he 0 s uni=mly good t 8 "* became monoton\s1 & w\ld h be5 insipid1 b = ! manly vigor t m>k$ all 8 p]=mances4 ,8 moral 7 l 8 m5tal traits4 ,he 0 inde$ our model boy4 ,9 two ye>s he _h n _h "o dem]it m>k4 ,he 0 on all sides r\nd$ & complete--totus t]es atque rotundus4 ,! uni=mity ( 8 goodness 0 sometimes a s\rce ( anxiety to me4 ,!re 0 dang] ( 8 gr[+ up ) a self-satisfi$1 ph>isaical _s4 ,?us f>1 h[ev]1 ,i h n nam$ ! feature :i* ,i reg>d$ z ! critical "o1 & :i* _h l$ me to select him z "o ( ! subjects = exam9ation4 ,model boys are to be f\nd 9 all s*ools4 ,b ?is boy _h a p[] ( retic5ce :i* 0 to me a cont9ual /udy1 & x 0 ?is feature 9 8 "* t ,i want$ to br+ out 9 ! exam9ation4 ,he 0 n a sneak4 ,!re 0 no?+ sly ab\t him4 ,8 conduct 0 op5 & abovebo>d4 ,:at he did 0 pat5t to all4 ,b :at he ?\ght1 or h[ he felt1 no "o knew4 ,n ,grant himself c\ld m p]fectly keep 8 own c\nsel4 ,if a new rule 0 promulgat$1 ,joseph obey$ x to ! lett]4 ,b :e!r x 0 agreeable or disagreeable to him1 no tea*] c\ld ev] f9d out4 ,nor 0 8 ob$i5ce ( t tame1 passive sort :i* comes f indiff]5ce & lack ( _s4 ,we all knew him to be resolute1 & to be possess$ ( /rong passions4 ,b 8 p[] ( self-re/ra9t 0 equal to 8 p[] ( retic5ce4 ,he _h1 inde$1 9 a v m>k$ degree1 qualities :i* y look = only 9 ^? :o h _h a long s*ool+ 9 ! /]n realities ( life1 & :i* y f9d r>ely ev5 !n4 ,he 0 z self-pois$ z a man ( fifty1 ) n a p>ticle ( t easy impulsiv5ess s ne>ly univ]sal at 8 age4 ,none ( ! g5tleman's p]=mances surpris$ me s mu* z ! "* :i* he assign$ to ?is boy1 & all ! m because some?+ ( ! boy's self-cont95ce & res]ve 0 writt5 ^u 8 face & mann]4 ,he 0 repres5t$ by ! ,pr(essor1 9 g5]al t]ms1 z hav+ a free & easy1 rollick+ sort ( disposition--n be+ really worse ?an 8 companions1 ?\gh probably hav+ ! reputation ( be+ s4 ',if he got into m scrapes ?an ! o!rs ,joseph 0 nev] 9 a scrape 9 8 life1 x 0 m ow+ to 8 natural impulsiv5ess ?an to any?+ inh]5tly bad 9 him4 ,& !n1 :5 he did get into a scrape1 he _h no faculty = conceal+ x4 ,8 organ ( secretiv5ess 0 unusually small4 ,! boys w\ld h>dly admit him to a p>tn]%ip 9 _! plans ( mis*ief1 s sure 0 he inadv]t5tly to let ! cat out ( ! bag1' etc41 etc4 ,boy ,no4 #f 0 ! weake/ boy1 m5tally1 t we _h 9 s*ool4 ,he 0 b>ely able to take c>e ( himself4 ,"s ( 8 mi/akes & blund]s 7 s ridicul\s1 t !y 7 h&$ d[n among ! tradition>y jokes ( ! s*ool1 & ,i am afraid ev5 at ?is day to repeat !m1 le/ !y may be recogniz$4 ,if ! manipulator _h _h ! cranium ( ,daniel ,web/] "u 8 f+]s1 he c\ld n h drawn a m5tal "* m m>k$ by e trait t belongs to intellectual greatness ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,f9d+ t he 0 mak+ a decid$ impression ^u 8 "y he>]s1 ! ,pr(essor cont9u$ to pile up qualities & p[]s1 until ! sc5e became almo/ too mu* = ! mo/ practis$ gravity4 ,! exam9ations occupi$ an h\r1 & ,i made copi\s notes ( ! :ole1 writ+ d[n1 z ne>ly z ,i c\ld1 ! exact expressions us$ by ! op]ator4 ,! report :i* ,i h n[ giv5 ( x is z ne>ly lit]al z x is safe to make x4 ,:5 ! ,pr(essor 0 ?r\gh1 & 0 ab\t to leave1 he ask$ me privately to tell him h[ f> he _h succe$$ 9 8 exp]im5ts4 ,n wi%+ to say any?+ disagreeable1 ,i evad$ ! "q to ! be/ ( my ability1 answ]+ ) "s vague g5]alities1 b indicat+ suffici5tly t x 0 n agreeable to be m explicit4 ,he press$ me1 h[ev]1 to tell him c&idly & explicitly :e!r he _h succe$$1 & h[ f>4 ,i !n told him frankly t he _h fail$ po9t-blank 9 e case4 ,ah1 said he1 y are skeptical4 ,no1 sir1 said ,i1 skepticism implies d\bt1 & ,i h no long] any d\bts on ! subject4 ,my skepticism is entirely remov$6 ,,xxiv4 ,,normal ,,s*ools4 ,! t]m ,normal ,s*ool is an un=tunate misnom]1 & its g5]al adoption has l$ to mu* confusion ( ideas4 ,! ^w ,normal1 f ! ,lat9 norma1 a rule or patt]n to "w by1 does n diff] ess5tially f ,model4 ,a ,normal ,s*ool1 accord+ to ! mean+ ( ! ^w1 w\ld be a patt]n s*ool1 an in/itution :i* c\ld be held up = imitation1 to be copi$ by o!r s*ools ( ! same grade4 ,b ?is mean+ ( ! ^w is n :at we mean by ! ?+4 ,:5 we mean a s*ool to be copi$ or imitat$1 we call x a ,model ,s*ool4 ,"h ! "n & ! ?+ agree4 ,! "n expla9s ! ?+4 ,x is v diff]5t :5 we speak ( a ,normal ,s*ool4 ,to ! un9itiat$1 ! t]m ei!r conveys no mean+ at all2 or1 if y\r he>] is a man ( lett]s1 x conveys to him an idea :i* y h at once to expla9 away4 ,y h to tell him1 9 effect1 t a ,normal ,s*ool is n a ,normal ,s*ool1 & !n t x is some?+ else1 :i* ! ^w does n 9 ! lea/ describe4 ,:at !n d we mean by a ,normal ,s*ool8 ,:at is ! ?+ :i* we h call$ by ?is un=tunate "n8 ,a ,normal ,s*ool is a sem9>y = ! pr(essional education ( tea*]s4 ,x is an in/itution 9 :i* ^? :o wi% to become tea*]s le>n h[ to d _! "w2 9 :i* !y le>n1 n read+1 b h[ to tea* read+2 n p5man%ip1 b h[ to tea* p5man%ip2 n gramm>1 b h[ to tea* gramm>2 n geography1 b h[ to tea* geography2 n ari?metic1 b h[ to tea* ari?metic4 ,! idea :i* lies at ! basis ( su* an in/itute1 is t kn[+ a ?+1 & kn[+ h[ to tea* t ?+ to o!rs1 are di/+ui%able & v diff]5t facts4 ,! k ( ! subjects to be taught1 may be ga9$ at any s*ool4 ,9 ord] to give to ! ,tea*]s' ,sem9>y its full p[] & effici5cy1 x 7 greatly to be desir$ t ! subjects !mselves1 z m]e matt]s ( k1 %\ld be fir/ le>n$ else:]e1 be=e ent]+ ! ,tea*]s' ,s*ool4 ,?is latt] w\ld !n h to d only ) its own special function1 t ( %[+ its matriculants h[ to use ^! mat]ials 9 ! process ( tea*+4 ,un=tunately1 we h n yet made su* progress 9 popul> education z to be able to sep>ate ^! two functions to ! ext5t t is desirable4 ,_m ( ^? :o att5d a ,tea*]s' ,sem9>y1 come to x lam5tably ignorant ( ! common bran*es ( k4 ,!y h consequ5tly fir/ to /udy ^! bran*es 9 ! ,normal ,s*ool1 z !y w\ld /udy !m 9 any o!r s*ool4 ,t is1 !y h fir/ to le>n ! facts z matt]s ( k1 & !n to /udy ! art & sci5ce ( tea*+ ^! facts to o!rs4 ,in/ead ( com+ ) _! brick & mort> ready prep>$1 t !y may be in/ruct$ 9 ! use ( ! tr[el & ! plumb-l9e1 !y h to make _! brick & mix _! mort> aft] !y ent] ! in/itution4 ,?is is und\bt$ly a drawback & a mis=tune4 ,b x _c be help$ at pres5t4 ,all we c d is to def9e cle>ly ! true idea ( ! ,tea*]s' ,s*ool1 & !n to "w t[>ds x z fa/ & z f> z we c4 ,a ,normal ,s*ool is ess5tially unlike any o!r s*ool4 ,x has be5 comp>$ inde$ to ^? pr(essional s*ools :i* are = ! /udy ( law1 div9ity1 m$ic9e1 m9+1 eng9e]+1 & s =?4 ,! ,normal ,s*ool1 x is true1 is l ^! s*ools 9 "o respect4 ,x is e/abli%$ ) ref]5ce to ! wants ( a p>ticul> pr(ession4 ,x is a pr(essional s*ool4 ,b ^? s*ools h = _! ma9 object ! communication ( "s p>ticul> bran* ( sci5ce4 ,!y tea* law1 div9ity1 m$ic9e1 m9+1 or eng9e]+4 ,!y aim to make lawy]s1 div9es1 physicians1 m9]s1 eng9e]s1 n tea*]s ( ^! bran*es4 ,! ,pr(essor 9 ! ,law ,s*ool aims1 n to make ,pr(essors ( law1 b lawy]s4 ,! m$ical ,pr(essor aims1 n to make m$ical lectur]s1 b practition]s4 ,to r5d] ^! in/itutions analog\s to ! ,tea*]s' ,sem9>y1 _! pupils %\ld fir/ /udy law1 m$ic9e1 eng9e]+1 & s =?1 & !n sit at ! feet ( _! ,gamaliels to be initiat$ into ! secrets ( ! ,pr(essorial *air1 t !y may 9 turn become ,pr(essors ( ^? bran*es to classes ( _! own4 ,nor w\ld su* a plan1 if x 7 possible1 be altoge!r )\t its value4 ,x surely ne$s no demon/ration to prove1 t 9 ! highe/ dep>tm5ts1 no less ?an 9 ! l[e/1 some?+ m ?an k is ne$$ 9 ord] to tea*4 ,an und]/&+ ( h[ to communicate "o's k1 & practical skill 9 do+ x1 are z necess>y 9 tea*+ !ology1 metaphysics1 languages1 inf9itesimal analysis1 or *emi/ry1 z !y are 9 tea*+ ! alphabet4 ,if !re are bungl]s1 :o "k n h[ to g to "w to tea* a *ild its lett]s1 or to op5 its "y m9d & he>t to ! reception ( tru?1 ^: s*ool-rooms are places :]e ! "y m9d & he>t are 9 a /ate1 ei!r ( p]petual torpor1 or ( p]petual nightm>e1 h ^! bungl]s no analogues 9 ! m5 ( pond]\s erudition t sometimes fill ! ,pr(essor's *air8 ,h we no examples1 9 our highe/ sem9>ies ( le>n+1 ( m5 v em95t 9 sci5tific atta9m5ts1 :o h n 9 !mselves ! fir/ elem5ts ( a tea*]8 :o imp>t to _! /ud5ts no quick5+ impulse8 ^: va/ & t[]+ k may make !m p]haps a gr& feature 9 _! ,college1 attract+ to x all eyes1 b ^: intellectual treasures1 = all ! practical wants ( ! /ud5ts1 are ( no m use1 ?an are ! swa!d & buri$ mummies 9 ! pyramid ( ,*eops6 ,a ,tea*]s' ,sem9>y1 if x 7 complete1 w\ld include 9 its curriculum ( /udy ! entire cycle ( human k1 s f> z x is taught by s*ools4 ,our tea*]s ( ma!matics & ( logic1 ( law & ( m$ic9e1 ne$ inde$ a k ( ! bran*es :i* !y are to tea*1 & = ?is k !y d n ne$ a ,tea*]s' ,sem9>y4 ,b !y ne$ some?+ m ?an ?is k4 ,besides be+ m5 ( erudition1 !y ne$ to be tea*]s1 no less ?an ! humbl] memb]s ( ! pr(ession1 :o h only to tea* ! alphabet & ! multiplication table2 & !re is 9 all tea*+1 high or l[1 some?+ t is common to !m all--an art & a skill :i* is diff]5t f ! m]e k ( ! subjects2 :i* is n necess>ily le>n$ 9 le>n+ ! subjects2 :i* requires special1 sup]add$ gifts1 & di/9ct /udy & tra9+4 ,!re is1 accord+ to my obs]vation1 z great a lack ( ?is special skill 9 ! high] sem9>ies ( le>n+1 z 9 ! l[] sem9>ies4 ,7 x possible to h a ,normal ,s*ool1 n :i* %\ld und]take to tea* ! entire encyclopdia ( ! sci5ces1 b :i*1 limit+ itself to its "o ma9 function ( develop+ ! art & my/]y ( communicat+ k1 %\ld turn out ,college ,pr(essors1 & ev5 ,div9ity1 ,law1 & ,m$ical ,pr(essors1--m5 :o 7 really skilful tea*]s1--x w\ld "w a *ange 9 ^? v5]able in/itutions z m>k$ & decisive z t :i* x is n[ effect+ 9 ! common s*ools4 ,( c\rse1 no su* s*eme is possible2 c]ta9ly1 none su* is contemplat$4 ,b ,i am v sure ,i %all n be consid]$ calumni\s1 :5 ,i express ! conviction1 t !re are le>n$ & em95t occupants ( ,pr(essors' *airs1 :o might f9d great b5efit 9 an occasional visit to a good ,normal ,s*ool1 or ev5 to ! class-room ( a tea*] tra9$ 9 a ,normal ,s*ool4 ,i c]ta9ly h se51 9 ! v l[e/ dep>tm5t ( ! common s*ool1 a /yle ( tea*+1 :i*1 = a wise & intellig5t compreh5sion ( its object1 & = its quick5+ p[] ^u ! intellect & consci5ce1 w\ld comp>e favorably ) ! v be/ tea*+ ,i h ev] se5 9 a ,college or ,univ]sity4 ,i come back1 !n1 to ! po9t f :i* ,i set out1 namely1 t a ,normal ,s*ool1 or ,tea*]s' ,sem9>y1 diff]s ess5tially f e o!r k9d ( s*ool4 ,x aims to give ! k & skill t are ne$$ alike 9 all s*ools4 ,to make ! po9t a little pla9]1 let me re/ate1 ) :at cle>ness ,i c1 "s ( ! elem5t>y tru?s & facts :i* lie at ! f\ndation ( ! :ole subject4 ,?\gh to _m ( my read]s x may be go+ ov] a beat5 track1 x may n be s to all2 & we all d well1 ev5 9 reg>d to kn[n & admitt$ tru?s1 to br+ !m occasionally afre% to ! m9d4 ,z x has be5 already said1 a man may "k a ?+ p]fectly1 & yet n be able to tea* x4 ,( c\rse1 a man _c tea* :at he does n "k4 ,he mu/ fir/ h ! k4 ,b ! m]e possession ( k does n make "o a tea*]1 any m ?an ! possession ( p[d] & %ot makes him a m>ksman1 or ! possession ( a rod & l9e makes him an angl]4 ,! mo/ le>n$ m5 are (t5 un=tunately ! v m5 :o h lea/ capacity = communicat+ :at !y "k4 ,nor is ?is incapacity conf9$ to ^? v]s$ 9 book k4 ,x is common to e class ( m51 & to e k9d ( k4 ,let me give an example4 ,! fact ab\t to be /at$1 0 communicat$ to me by a g5tleman ( em95t comm]cial /&+ 9 ,philadelphia1 at t "t ! ,presid5t ( "o ( its lead+ banks4 ,! fact occurr$ 9 8 own p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,he 01 at ! "t ( its occurr5ce1 l>gely engag$ 9 ! clo? trade4 ,8 faculties ( m9d & body1 & p>ticul>ly 8 s5se ( t\*1 _h be5 s tra9$ 9 ?is bus9ess1 t 9 go+ rapidly ov] an invoice ( clo?1 z 8 eye & h& pass$ 9 quick succession f piece to piece1 9 ! mo/ miscellane\s assortm5t1 he c\ld tell in/antly ! value ( ea*1 ) a degree ( precision1 & a c]ta9ty ( k1 h>dly cr$ible4 ,a s+le glance ( ! eye1 a s+le t\*1 transi5t z ?\ght1 gave ! result4 ,8 own k ( ! subject1 9 %ort1 0 p]fect1 & x 0 rapidly w9n+ him a =tune4 ,yet :5 und]tak+ to expla9 to a y\ng] & less exp]i5c$ memb] ( ! craft1 :om he wi%$ to befri5d1 by :at process he arriv$ at 8 judgm5t1 9 o!r words1 to tea* :at he knew1 he f\nd himself utt]ly at a loss4 ,8 ?\ghts _h nev] run 9 t direction4 ,oh6 said he1 y h only--to look at ! clo?1 &--&--to run y\r f+]s ov] x1--?us4 ,y w p]ceive at once ! diff]5ce betwe5 "o piece & ano!r4 ,x seems nev] to h occurr$ to him t ano!r man's s5sations & p]ceptions might 9 ! same circum/ances be q diff]5t f 81 & t 9 ord] to communicate 8 k to "o un9itiat$1 he mu/ pause to analyze x2 he mu/ sep>ate1 classify1 & "n ^? sev]al qualities ( ! clo? ( :i* 8 s5ses took cognizance2 he mu/ !n asc]ta9 h[ f> 8 int]rogator p]ceiv$ by 8 s5ses ! same qualities :i* he himself did1 & ?us gradually get on common gr\nd ) him4 ,let ! receiv+-tell] ( a bank be call$ ^u to expla9 h[ x is t he kn[s at a glance a c\nt]feit bill f a g5u9e "o1 & 9 n9e cases out ( t5 he w succe$ no bett] ?an ! clo? m]*ant did4 ,kn[+ & communicat+ :at we "k1 do+ & expla9+ :at we d1 are di/9ct1 sep>able1 & usually v diff]5t processes4 ,simil> illu/rations might be drawn f arti/s1 & f m5 ( orig9al g5ius 9 almo/ e pr(ession1 :o c seldom give any intelligible acc\nt ( h[ !y a*ieve _! results4 ,! m5tal habits be/ suit$ = a*ievem5t are r>ely ^? be/ suit$ = tea*+4 ,m>lbor\gh1 s celebrat$ = 8 milit>y comb9ations1 c\ld nev] give any intelligible acc\nt ( 8 plans4 ,he _h arriv$ at 8 conclusions ) un]r+ c]ta9ty1 b he 0 s little accu/om$ to obs]v+ 8 own m5tal processes1 t he utt]ly fail$ 9 attempt+ to make !m pla9 to o!rs4 ,he saw ! po9ts himself ) p]fect cle>ness1 b he _h no p[] to make o!rs see !m4 ,to all objections to 8 plans1 he c\ld only say1 ,silly1 silly1 t's silly4 ,x 0 mu* ! same ) ,cromwell4 ,x is s ) mo/ m5 :o are di/+ui%$ = action & a*ievem5t4 ,patrick ,h5ry w\ld d\btless h made b a ?ird-rate tea*] ( elocution1 & old ,hom] b an indiff]5t lectur] on ! art ( poetry4 ,to acquire k ourselves1 !n1 & to put o!rs 9 possession ( :at we h acquir$1 are n only di/9ct intellectual processes1 b !y are q unlike4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! faculties m]ely g out t[>ds ! objects to be kn[n1 z 9 ! case ( ! clo? m]*ant pass+ 8 eye & f+] ov] ! bales ( clo?4 ,b 9 ! case ( "o attempt+ to tea*1 sev]al additional processes are ne$$1 besides t ( collect+ k4 ,he mu/ turn 8 ?\ghts inw>d1 s z to arrange & classify prop]ly ! cont5ts ( 8 intellectual /oreh\se4 ,he mu/ !n exam9e 8 own m9d1 8 intellectual ma*9]y1 s z to und]/& exactly h[ ! k came 9 ^u himself4 ,he mu/ la/ly /udy ! m9ds ( 8 pupils1 s z to "k ?r\gh :at *annels ! k may be/ rea* !m4 ,! tea*] may n always be aw>e t he does all ^! ?+s1 t is1 he may n always h a !ory ( 8 own art4 ,b ! art itself he mu/ h4 ,he mu/ fir/ get ! k ( ! ?+s to be taught2 he mu/ secondly /udy 8 k2 he mu/ ?irdly /udy himself2 he mu/ la/ly /udy 8 pupil4 ,he is a tea*] at all only s f> z he does at lea/ ^! f\r ?+s4 ,9 a ,normal ,s*ool1 z be=e said1 ! k ( ! subject is presuppos$4 ,! object ( ! ,normal ,s*ool is1 n s mu* to make ari?meticians & gramm>ians1 = in/ance1 z to make tea*]s ( ari?metic & gramm>4 ,?is tea*+ faculty is a ?+ by itself1 & q ap>t f ! subject matt] to be taught4 ,x und]lies e bran* ( k1 & e trade & pr(ession4 ,! !ologian1 ! ma!matician1 ! l+ui/1 ! le>n$ pr(essor1 no less ?an ! tea*] ( ! prim>y s*ool1 or ( ! ,sabba?-s*ool1 all ne$ ?is supplem5t>y k & skill1 9 :i* consi/s ! v ess5ce ( tea*+4 ,?is k ( h[ to tea* is n acquir$ by m]ely /udy+ ! subject to be taught4 ,x is a /udy by itself4 ,a man may read famili>ly ! ,me*anique ,cele/e1 & yet n "k h[ to tea* ! multiplication table4 ,he may read ,arabic or ,sanskrit1 & n "k h[ to tea* a *ild ! alphabet ( 8 "m tongue4 ,! ,sabba?-s*ool tea*] may dip deep into biblical lore1 he may ransack ! comm5t>ies1 & may become1 z _m ,sabba?-s*ool tea*]s are1 truly le>n$ 9 ,bible k1 & yet be utt]ly incompet5t to tea* a class ( *ildr54 ,he c no m hit ! w&]+ att5tion1 or make a lodgm5t ( 8 k 9 ! m9ds ( 8 y\?ful auditory1 ?an ! m]e unskill$ possessor ( a f[l+-piece c hit a bird ^u ! w+4 ,! art ( tea*+ is ! "o indisp5sable qualification ( ! tea*]4 ,)\t ?is1 :atev] else he may be1 he is no tea*]4 ,h[ may ?is art be acquir$8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 _m p]sons pick x up1 j z !y pick up a great _m o!r arts & trades1--9 a hap-haz>d sort ( way4 ,!y h "s natural aptitude = x1 & !y grope _! way along1 by guess & by in/9ct1 & ?r\gh _m failures1 until !y become good tea*]s1 !y h>dly "k h[4 ,to rescue ! art f ?is condition ( unc]ta9ty & *ance1 is ! object ( ! ,normal ,s*ool4 ,9 su* a s*ool1 ! ma9 object ( ! pupil is to le>n h[ to make o!rs "k :at he himself kn[s4 ,! :ole curr5t ( 8 ?\ghts & /udies is turn$ into ?is *annel4 ,/udy+ h[ to tea*1 ) an exp]im5tal class to practise on1 =ms ! con/ant topic ( 8 m$itations4 ,x is surpris+ h[ rapidly1 "u su* conditions1 ! faculty ( tea*+ is develop$2 h[ f]tile ! m9d becomes 9 devis+ practical exp$i5ts1 :5 once ! att5tion is r\s$ & fix$ ^u ! precise object to be atta9$1 & ! idea ( :at tea*+ really is1 fairly has possession ( ! m9d4 ,= ?is purpose e well-ord]$ ,normal ,s*ool has1 9 connection ) x1 z a "p ( its organization1 a ,model ,s*ool1 to s]ve ! d\ble purpose ( a s*ool ( obs]vation & practice4 ,?us1 aft] ^! pupil-tea*]s are once famili> ) ! bran*es to be taught1 & aft] !y h become acqua9t$ ) ! !ory ( tea*+1 z a sci5ce1 x is surpris+ h[ soon1 ) ev5 a little ( ?is practice-tea*+1 !y acquire ! art4 ,if ! faculty ( tea*+ is 9 !m at all1 a v few exp]im5tal lessons1 "u ! eye ( an exp]i5c$ tea*]1 w develop x4 ,! fact ( possess+ )9 "o's self ?is gift1 or p[] ( tea*+1 sometimes breaks ^u ! possessor himself ) all ! =ce ( a surpris+ & mo/ delightful discov]y4 ,! good tea*] does n inde$ /op "h4 ,he goes on to improve 9 8 art1 z long z he lives4 ,b 8 greate/ s+le a*ievem5t is :5 he takes ! fir/ /ep1--:5 he fir/ le>ns to tea* at all4 ,! pupil ( a ,normal ,s*ool ga9s !re a />t & an impulse1 :i* c>ry him =w>d ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,a v little judici\s exp]im5tal tra9+ r$eems hundr$s ( c&idates f utt] & hopeless incompet5cy1 & conv]ts = !m an awkw>d & pa9ful drudg]y into ke51 hopeful & productive labor4 ,,xxv4 ,,practice-,,tea*+4 ,"o feature ( a ,normal ,s*ool :i* di/+ui%es x especially f o!r s*ools1 is ! opportunity giv5 to its matriculants = practis+ _! art "u ! guidance & criticism ( an exp]i5c$ tea*]4 ,?is practice-tea*+ is done 9 a ,model ,s*ool1 ma9ta9$ = ?is purpose 9 connection ) ! ma9 s*ool4 ,su* is ! !ory4 ,b s]i\s difficulties are enc\nt]$ 9 c>ry+ ! plan into practical effect1 & ^! difficulties are s great z 9 "s in/ances to h l$ to ! entire ab&onm5t ( ! plan1 :ile v r>ely h ! conductors ( ,normal s*ools be5 able to realize results 9 ?is matt] comm5surate ) _! wi%es or ) _! views ( :at 0 desirable & "r4 ,"s ( ! difficulties are ! foll[+3 ,p>5ts :o s5d _! *ildr5 to ! ,model ,s*ool object to h _! *ildr5 taught to any consid]able ext5t by m]e pupil-tea*]s4 ,! tea*]s ( ! ,model ,s*ool1 hav+ little or no acqua9tance ) ! ,normal pupils s5t to tea* "u _! sup]vision1 d n feel t entire fre$om 9 criticis+ ! p]=mance :i* is ess5tial to its success4 ,! irregul>ities produc$ by ^! practice-tea*+s h a t5d5cy to impair ! discipl9e ( ! classes 9 ! ,model ,s*ool4 ,= ^! & o!r reasons :i* ,i ne$ n dwell ^u1 ,i at lea/ h always be5 oblig$ to be some:at *>y 9 reg>d to ! am\nt ( practice-tea*+ t 0 done 9 ! in/itution "u my c>e1 & h nev] felt q satisfi$ z to ! result4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #ahfg1 ,i det]m9$ to try ! plan ( hav+ a consid]able portion ( ! practice-tea*+ done 9 ! ,normal ,s*ool itself1 ! ,model ,s*ool /ill hold+ its place 9 ! sy/em z furni%+ an unrivall$ opportunity = obs]vation1 & to "s ext5t ( practice also4 ,! effect ( ?us ext5d+ ! opportunity = practice by includ+ ! ,normal ,s*ool 9 its op]ations has be5 mo/ happy4 ,! pupils h atta9$ a degree ( fre$om 9 ! ex]cise :i* is work+ ! mo/ m>k$ & decisive results4 ,!y ent] into x ) m ze/ ?an into any o!r ex]cise ( ! class1 & d]ive f x 9 "s in/ances z mu* b5efit z f all _! o!r ex]cises put toge!r4 ,"s detail$ acc\nt ( ! me?od may p]haps be ( int]e/ to o!r labor]s 9 ! same field4 ,! me?od is sub/antially ! same z t foll[$ 9 ! ,girls ,high & ,normal ,s*ool ( ,philadelphia1 f :i* inde$ ,i borr[$ ! idea4 ,once a week ,i make up a programme conta9+ ! names ( ^? :o are to tea* dur+ ! foll[+ week1 & ! classes & lessons :i* !y are sev]ally to tea*4 ,! practice-pupils are ?us enabl$ to prep>e !mselves fully = ! ex]cise4 ,x is an indisp5sable condition 9 all ^! ex]cises t ! lesson be giv5 )\t ! use ( ! book4 ,:5 a pupil ent]s a room to tea* "o ( ^! assign$ lessons1 he is to br+ ) him only 8 crayon & po9t]1 & is expect$ to assume entire *>ge ( ! class1 ma9ta9+ ord]1 he>+ ! pupils recite1 correct+ _! mi/akes1 illu/rat+ ! subject1 if necess>y1 by diagrams or exp]im5ts1 giv+ supplem5t>y in=mation drawn f o!r s\rces ?an ! text-book1 & act+ 9 all respects z if he 7 ! regul> tea*]4 ,! regul> tea*] mean:ile sits by1 obs]v+ 9 sil5ce1 & at ! close ( ! day writes out a full & detail$ criticism ^u ! p]=mance 9 a book kept = ?is purpose1 & gives ! pupil an av]age = x1 ! maximum be+ #ajj4 ,^! criticisms1 toge!r ) ! tea*+ av]ages1 are read next day by ! ,pr9cipal to ! pupil 9 ! pres5ce ( ! class to :i* he belongs1 ) additional comm5ts 9 reg>d to any pr9ciples ( tea*+ t may be involv$ 9 ! criticisms4 ,an ess5tial elem5t ( success 9 ?is s*eme1 is t ! tea*]s %\ld be ?or\ghly fai?ful 9 ! "w ( criticism1 & po9t out ! errors & %ortcom+s ( ! "y practition]s1 n ) h>%ness1 b ) unsp>+ tru?fulness & wise discrim9ation4 ,practice-tea*+ "u su* conditions _c fail to h a p[]ful effect4 ,! pupils are /imulat$ by x to put =? ! v be/ ef=ts ( :i* !y are capable1 & ! tal5t :i* !y (t5 develop is a surprise equally to !mselves & _! tea*]s4 ,i _c bett] give an idea ( ?is practice-tea*+1 & especially ( ! criticism :i* is its vitaliz+ pr9ciple1 ?an by quot+ a few ( ! actual criticisms made dur+ ! la/ ye>4 ,i feel sure !y w int]e/ tea*]s & p]haps ! public4 ,9 mak+ ^! extracts1 ,i suppress1 ( c\rse1 ! names ( ! p>ties4 ,,notes ,,on ,,practice-,,tea*+4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ,elocution4 ,%e 0 animat$ & en]getic 9 giv+ ! vocal ex]cises1 b %e pit*$ h] voice too high4 ,! same %rill tone *>act]iz$ ! conc]t read+4 ,_m ( ! criticisms giv5 by pupils 7 n l\d en\gh to be he>d by ! :ole class4 ,"o ( ! ladies1 9 giv+ a sket* ( ,%akspe>e1 said 8 pr9cipal works 0 ',mu* ,ado ,ab\t ,no?+1' ',m]*ant ( ,v5ice1' etc42 b ! error pass$ unnotic$ by pupils & tea*]4 ,miss ---- h]self1 said ,hamlet ?\ght x wasn't him4 ,%e m>k$ ! pupils too high1 ! wor/ read]s 9 ! class receiv+ #h & #i4 ,tea*+ av]age #he4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,hi/ory4 ,%e 0 h]self well prep>$ ) ! lesson1 b %e all[$ ! pupils too long a "t to ?9k & guess4 ,a *ronology lesson is apt to be dry & un9t]e/+2 & unless ! tea*] calls ^u ! pupils 9 rapid succession1 ?us keep+ !m wide awake1 ! int]e/ w flag1 & ev5 good pupils w be inatt5tive4 ,"o ( ! pupils1 aft] gap+ two or ?ree times1 indulg$ 9 %ort naps dur+ ! recitation2 ! tea*] evid5tly did n see h]4 ,miss ---- m>k$ ! pupils judici\sly4 ,tea*+ av]age #ij4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,ari?metic4 ,%e assi/$ ! pupils too mu*4 ,%e did n require !m to be accurate en\gh 9 answ]+ que/ions2 o!rwise %e taught well1 ! subject be+ r a difficult "o4 ,miss ---- m>k$ ! pupils judici\sly4 ,tea*+ av]age #he4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,gramm>4 ,%e began ! recitation well1 spoke 9 a l\d & decid$ tone1 & 0 well prep>$ ) ! lesson4 ,%e fail$ to keep h] class 9 ord]2 %e all[$ pupils to speak )\t be+ call$ ^u1 & all to criticise & ask que/ions at ! same in/ant--?us %e became confus$ & s\ght refuge beh9d h] book4 ,tea*+ av]age #hj4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,%e 0 too quiet 9 conduct+ ! recitation4 ,! entire p]iod 0 sp5t 9 repeat+ ! m]e words ( ! book2 b once or twice ! lady ask$ = ! explanation ( clauses1 & !n ! answ]s giv5 7 nei!r full nor satisfactory1 yet ! lady v5tur$ no comm5t ( h] own4 ,_m practical que/ions might h be5 giv5 by ! tea*] respect+ ! executive dep>tm5ts1 ambassadors1 consuls1 treaties1 & s =?4 ,! lesson conta9$ _m subjects ( int]e/ suffici5t to occupy m ?an ! allott$ "t4 ,tea*]s %\ld call m frequ5tly = def9itions1 & always take x = grant$ t _! pupils are ignorant ( ! mean+ ( ev5 ! simple/ words4 ,i v5ture to ass]t t m ?an "o ?ird ( ! class left ! room )\t kn[+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a reprieve & a p>don4 ,tea*+ av]age #hj4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,ari?metic4 ,%e 0 well prep>$ ) ! lesson1 seem$ to und]/& ! subject fully1 & readily answ]$ que/ions propos$ by pupils2 b %e all[$ too _m pupils to speak at once1 & did n pay en\gh att5tion to signs4 ,"o ( ! pupils began a s5t5ce ) a small lett]1 & ,miss ---- took no notice ( x4 ,miss ---- m>k$ judici\sly4 ,tea*+ av]age #hh4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,%e fail$ entirely 9 tea*+4 ,%e became emb>rass$1 & soon lo/ ! respect & confid5ce ( ! class4 ,pupils assum$ all sorts ( positions2 & "o pick$ up a rul] & began fann+ himself1 b 0 n rebuk$ by ! tea*]4 ,! lady1 n famili> ) ! names ( ! s*ol>s1 made sev]al mi/akes1 7p]fectly excusable72 b1 !re be+ no sympa?y betwe5 ! tea*] & ! class1 ! pupils laugh$ immod]ately1 & seem$ to enjoy ! lady's emb>rassm5t4 ,! words ( ! book 7 repeat$ ov] & ov] aga91 )\t a ^w ( explanation or comm5t1 until ! tea*]1 tir$ ( ! monotony1 ann\nc$ t ! lesson 0 f9i%$1 & call$ ^u me to fill up ! rema9d] ( ! "t4 ,! lesson 0 "o t ne$$ ?or\gh prep>ation on ! "p ( ! tea*]1 b ,miss ---- _h m]ely /udi$ ! words & n ! subject2 :5 ask$ a v simple "q by "o ( ! pupils1 %e 0 completely nonpluss$4 ,tea*+ av]age #ej4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,map ,draw+4 ,%e became some:at confus$ 9 h] "w1 & s did n di/9ctly en\gh give ! po9ts ( criticism4 ,i ?9k %e 0 n famili> en\gh ) ! map drawn to notice1 ) suffici5t read9ess1 ! great po9ts ( error 9 ! "w4 ,sev]al ( ! pupils 7 all[$1 9 "o or two cases1 to speak at ! same "t4 ,%e m>k$ well1 us+ a good scale ( m>k+s4 ,tea*+ av]age #he4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,ari?metic4 ,%e 0 ei!r v c>eless or _h n prep>$ ! prop] lesson1 z %e gave pupils problems to solve t 7 n 9 ! lesson2 9 consequ5ce ( :i* "s good pupils fail$1 z !y _h n prep>$ an advance lesson4 ,%e 0 too quiet1 & spoke 9 s l[ a tone t _m ( ! pupils did n he> h]4 ,! pupils 7 m animat$ ?an ! tea*]4 ,miss ---- m>k$ "s pupils too high1 o!rs too l[1 & 9 "o in/ance did n m>k at all4 ,tea*+ av]age #fe4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,hi/ory4 ,%e 0 ?or\ghly prep>$ ) ! lesson1 & did n conf9e h]self to ! m]e words ( ! text-book4 ,%e ask$ _m good g5]al que/ions connect$ ) ! subject1 ?us compell+ pupils to ?9k2 & :5ev] ! class fail$ to give ! desir$ in=mation1 ! lady v promptly gave x h]self2 %e ?us won ! confid5ce ( h] pupils4 ,miss ---- lack$ animation & did n speak l\d en\gh2 o!rwise %e did well4 ,tea*+ av]age #ib4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,gramm>4 ,%e has improv$ s9ce tea*+ = me be=e1 b %e /ill lacks en]gy & decision4 ,%e gave ! pupil :o 0 recit+ all h] att5tion1 ?us all[+ an opportunity to "s 7:o took advantage ( x7 to assume l\ng+ positions1 9 :i* to await lazily = _! turn to recite4 ,"s rema9$ wide awake1 & emb>rass$ ,miss ----1 by speak+ at any "t1 ev5 int]rupt+ h] 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce1 to ask que/ions4 ,tea*+ av]age #hg4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ,gramm>4 ,%e taught well4 ,%e spoke 9 t decid$ tone :i* conveys a conviction ( tru? to pupils1 & by s do+ ga9$ _! confid5ce4 ,%e us$ ! blackbo>ds to advantage1 & ?or\ghly inspect$ & criticis$ all writ+s t %e _h requir$ to be put ^u ! bo>ds4 ,! facts %e taught 7 correct1 except "o1 :i* 01 t is a%am$ 0 a v]b 9 ! passive voice2 9 ?is %e 0 correct$ by a numb] ( ! class4 ,tea*+ av]age #ic4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ,elocution4 ,%e fail$ 9 tea*+4 ,! pupils read badly1 & _m errors 7 made1 b !re 7 no criticisms4 ,! lady spoke 9 a v l[ tone1 & seem$ to be afraid ( ! class4 ,%e did n read a s+le l9e = ! pupils4 ,read+ _c be taught prop]ly by arbitr>y rules1 ! voice ( ! liv+ tea*] is indisp5sable4 ,tea*+ av]age #fe4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,elocution4 ,%e _c become a successful tea*] until %e /udies ! pronunciation ( words4 ,n only did %e p]mit mi/akes made by ! pupils to pass unnotic$1 b %e mis-pron\nc$ _m words h]self1 hos-pit-a-ble1 = hos-pi-ta-ble1 9-t5se = 9-t5se1 etc42 ! errors consi/$ *iefly 9 *ang+ ! acc5t$ syllable4 ,9 ! ^w ma*9ation1 h[ev]1 ?\gh ! acc5t 0 correctly m>k$1 %e taught ! class to call x ma%-9-a-tion4 ,!re c be no possible excuse = su* c>elessness1 or r ignorance1 s9ce ! lady _h ?ree days = ! prep>ation ( ! lesson4 ,! diction>y %\ld be kept 9 con/ant use by pupils & tea*]4 ,tea*+ av]age #fe4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,%e did well4 ,! lesson 0 a long "o1 & some:at difficult1 b ! lady ev9c$ ?or\gh prep>ation4 ,%e ought to h di/urb$ ! repose ( ! drones 9 ! class1 by call+ ^u !m m frequ5tly4 ,explanations giv5 by ! tea*] %\ld be repeat$ by ! pupils3 fir/1 to asc]ta9 :e!r or n !y h be5 prop]ly und]/ood1 & secondly1 to make a deep] impression ^u ! m9ds ( ! s*ol>s4 ,inde$1 ! :ole bus9ess ( tea*+ might be summ$ up 9 two words1 namely1 simplify & repeat4 ,tea*+ av]age #ie4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,map ,draw+4 ,%e 0 q well prep>$ = ! lesson1 b did n always speak q di/9ctly en\gh2 %e requir$ all ^? pupils1 :o _h criticisms to make1 to /&1 & !n designat$ "o to give !m--a v good plan4 ,miss ---- mu/ be m c>eful 9 reg>d to ! grammatical con/ruction ( h] own s5t5ces4 ,tea*+ av]age #ij4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ,m5tal ,ari?metic4 ,%e became some:at confus$1 & s made sev]al mi/akes 9 h] "w4 ,%e attempt$ to solve sev]al examples1 b ea* "t made "s error1 ei!r ( /atem5t or solution4 ,%e 0 n c>eful en\gh 9 h] m>k+s1 omitt+ to m>k "o ( ! pupils = abs5ce1 & two = recitation4 ,tea*+ av]age #hh4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,map-,draw+4 ,%e %\ld h kept "o ( ! divisions at ! bo>d draw+ :ile ! o!r 7 recit+4 ,x 0 ! fir/ day ( map description1 %e %\ld !re=e h giv5 !m an example ( ! "w desir$2 in/ead ( ?is %e scold$ !m = n kn[+ h] me?od4 ,tea*]s %\ld be c>eful nev] to ask = any?+ b :at ! pupil w\ld reasonably be expect$ to "k4 ,if y insi/ t !y %all give any?+ n f\nd 9 ! lesson1 or n be=e giv5 by ! tea*]1 !y w become angry & c>eless1 z %[n 9 ! class to-day4 ,%e did n criticise ! map drawn4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #hb4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ,con/itution4 ,%e did well4 ,%e us$ ! blackbo>ds to advantage1 & v c>efully exam9$ & criticis$ ! "w plac$ !re by ! pupils4 ,%e %\ld speak 9 a l\d] & m decid$ tone4 ,tea*+ av]age #ic4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ,elocution4 ,%e gave a v %ort vocal ex]cise & omitt$ ! conc]t read+4 ,dur+ ! recitation %e read rem>kably well2 h] voice 0 cle> & full1 h] emphasis & inflections 7 correct1 & h] :ole mann] free f emb>rassm5t4 ,! entrance ( ?ree or f\r visitors did n 9 ! lea/ disconc]t h]2 = h] calmness & dignity1 %e des]ves mu* comm5dation4 ,tea*+ av]age #ie4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,geography4 ,%e taught well4 ,%e did n call ^u en\gh memb]s ( ! class = recitation4 ,a subject t c be divid$ into portions small en\gh to enable ! tea*] to call ^u ea* memb] ( ! class at ea* recitation1 %\ld be s divid$4 ,%e made x /ill worse by call+ ^u sev]al memb]s to recite twice4 ,) a little m en]gy on h] "p %e c\ld h _h m "w p]=m$ 9 ! =ty m9utes4 ,tea*+ av]age #ij4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,ari?metic4 ,%e taught v well4 ,! subject1 ,repet5ds1 0 a difficult "o1 :i* requir$ c>eful prep>ation on ! "p ( ! tea*] & close att5tion dur+ ! recitation4 ,miss ----1 consci\s ( ?is1 made h]self p]fectly famili> ) ! lesson be=e appe>+ 9 class1 & :5 pupils fail$ to expla9 examples f a want ( k1 %e 0 ready & able to give ! necess>y in=mation4 ,%e m>k$ judici\sly4 ,tea*+ av]age #ij4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ,anci5t ,hi/ory4 ,%e 0 sprightly & animat$4 ,%e spoke 9 a cle>1 decid$ tone2 b %e pursu$ no regul> plan 9 conduct+ ! recitation4 ,ev5ts 9 ,egyptian & ,assyrian hi/ory 7 indiscrim9ately mix$1 ! pupils became confus$1 & ! lady h]self 0 some:at bewild]$4 ,tea*+ av]age #hh4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,gramm>4 ,%e did n speak l\d en\gh = ! class to und]/& h]4 ,!re 0 mu* disord] 9 ! class1 b no notice 0 tak5 ( x by ! tea*]4 ,"s c>ri$ on a conv]sation among !mselves1 o!rs ask$ que/ions )\t p]mission1 (t5 at ! mo/ inappropriate times4 ,_m errors pass$ unnotic$1 & ! lady gave corrections h]self :i* %e %\ld h requir$ ( ! pupils4 ,sev]al times1 9 attempt+ to correct1 %e made ! errors worse2 = in/ance %e p>s$ v]bs t 7 transitive & 9 ! passive voice z be+ intransitive & active4 ,%e mu/ endeavor to ga9 m confid5ce 9 h]self4 ,tea*+ av]age #ge4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,a class a lesson 9 ,geometry4 ,%e taught ! class decid$ly well4 ,%e des]ves all ! m cr$it1 z x 0 a difficult lesson ( h] own class4 ,%e all[$ b "o error ( "w--t ,i notic$--to pass uncorrect$4 ,h] me?od ( call+ ^u ! class = criticisms 0 v good4 ,%e %\ld /rive to speak a little m di/9ctly4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #if4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,b class a lesson 9 ,physiology4 ,%e ev9c$ p]fect famili>ity ) ! subject ( ! lesson4 ,%e did n conf9e h]self to ! text-book1 b ask$ _m good1 g5]al que/ions4 ,"o ( ! pupils did n und]/& a portion ( ! lesson :i* 0 to be expla9$ by a diagram4 ,miss ---- endeavor$ to make ! matt] cle> by an explanation1 :i* 0 v good1 /ill ! pupil did n see x cle>ly4 ,i ?9k ! tea*] w\ld h succe$$ 9 cle>+ ! difficulty if %e _h us$ ! po9t] in/ead ( designat+ c]ta9 po9ts by lett]s4 ,%e spoke a little too l[4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #if4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,geography4 ,%e des]ves great cr$it = ! di/9ctness ) :i* %e speaks1 = h] c>e 9 ! prep>ation ( ! lesson = ! day1 & = ! promptness ) :i* %e /ops all irregul>ities 9 ! class4 ,h] m>ks = ! day 7 a little too high2 %e did n make di/9ction en\gh betwe5 ! good & ! poor s*ol>s4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #if4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,a class a lesson 9 ,elocution4 ,%e succe$$ admirably4 ,! vocal ex]cises & conc]t read+ 7 well giv54 ,! lady ?rew h]self entirely into ! "w1 & ?is 0 ! real secret ( h] success4 ,h] grade ( m>k+ 0 too high2 o!rwise1 %e did v well4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #ig4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,a class a lesson 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,%e did n sp5d en\gh "t ^u ! lesson = ! day1 & consum$ too mu* ( ! p]iod 9 review+ old lessons4 ,%e 0 n c>eful 9 exam9+ ! blackbo>ds4 ,lbs4 0 p]mitt$ to /& z ! abbreviation = p\nds /]l+1 & :imsicalities 0 spell$ ) two l's4 ,! lady made no d$uction = errors2 all ! pupils ) b "o exception receiv$ #aj4 ,%e des]ves comm5dation = speak+ 9 a l\d1 cle> tone4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #hh4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ,con/itution4 ,%e did no?+ m ?an he> ! recitations4 ,%e did n v5ture to give any explanations or to ask !m ( ! class1 b sp5t ! :ole p]iod 9 repeat+ aga9 & aga9 ! words ( ! text-book4 ,x is probable t no pupil knew any?+ m ( ! subject on go+ f ! room ?an :5 %e ent]$4 ,tea*]s %\ld possess & imp>t to _! pupils "s in=mation indep5d5t ( ! book4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #ee4 ,miss ---- taught ! ,a class ,geometry4 ,%e did n "q en\gh or criticise en\gh1 b almo/ always call$ ^u ! class = criticisms4 ,%e add$ no rem>ks or criticisms h]self2 ?us _m important omissions & errors 7 unnotic$4 ,%e succe$$ well 9 call+ ^u almo/ e memb] ( ! class4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #ge4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,b class a lesson 9 ,physiology4 ,%e 0 n suffici5tly animat$ & self-possess$4 ,! sub/ance ( ! lesson 0 recit$ be=e ! expiration ( ! p]iod1 :i* left ! lady at a loss to "k :at %e %\ld d ) ! rema9d] ( ! "t4 ,x might h be5 pr(itably employ$ ask+ que/ions ( importance connect$ ) ! lesson2 b in/ead ( do+ s1 ,miss ---- turn$ to me = assi/ance4 ,%e 0 ask$ h] op9ion ( a disput$ po9t1 :i*1 al?\gh ( slight importance1 m]it$ "s att5tion2 b %e pass$ x by1 not)/&+ h] att5tion 0 call$ to x sev]al times4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #gf4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,a class a lesson 9 ,elocution4 ,%e display$ ! tact & skill ( an exp]i5c$ tea*]4 ,%e assum$ full au?ority ov] ! pupils 7?\gh !y 7 h] classmates71 & h] :ole mann] 0 su* t a visitor ent]+ ! room w\ld h suppos$ %e 0 ! p]man5t tea*]4 ,"o secret ( h] success 0 t %e _h giv5 ! read+ lesson mu* home practice & prep>ation4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #ajj4 ,miss ---- taught ! ,a class 9 ,lit]ature4 ,%e taught well4 ,?\gh r quiet1 %e succe$$ 9 awak5+ ! int]e/ ( h] pupils1 & ! entire recitation 0 v animat$4 ,! class is a good "o1 & ! pupils des]ve z mu* comm5dation z ! tea*]4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #if4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,geography4 ,%e came be=e ! class well prep>$ = h] duties4 ,%e did n use ! book1 ?\gh x 0 writt5 9 ! cate*etical /yle--! "o mo/ difficult to tea* )\t "s su* ref]5ce4 ,%e by h] que/ions br\ght out a numb] ( po9ts n giv5 9 ! text-book4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #ig4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,b class a lesson 9 ,rhetoric4 ,%e %[$ a ?or\gh prep>ation ( ! lesson & taught well4 ,%e %\ld h work$ a little fa/]4 ,pupils 7 all[$ too mu* "t to ?9k4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #ih4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,hi/ory4 ,%e taught ) mu* dignity & self-possession4 ,%e did n tea* simply by hav+ ! lesson recit$ z ! au?or _h giv5 x1 b ask$ = ! def9ition ( words1 & gave in=mation n f\nd 9 ! text-book4 ,b "o error 0 all[$ to pass1 :i* 0 t ( call+ ,que5 ,victoria ! gr&-daught] ( ,william ( ,orange4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #ih4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,b class a lesson 9 ,physiology4 ,%e conduct$ ! recitation 9 a v dignifi$ & lady-l mann]4 ,! lesson 0 a difficult "o1 b ! tea*] seem$ to und]/& ! subject ?or\ghly4 ,!re 0 a ref]5ce to ! ret9a ( ! eye 9 ! lesson2 ! pupils n hav+ /udi$ t subject1 did n "k :at ! ret9a 01 & call$ ^u ! tea*] = explanation2 %e attempt$ to describe x1 b fail$ to make !m und]/& because %e did n ?or\ghly und]/& x h]self4 ,) ?is exception1 %e taught v well4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #if4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,b class a lesson 9 ,elocution4 ,%e is a good tea*]1 & reads well4 ,%e ma9ta9$ h] dignity & composure dur+ ! entire recitation1 ?\gh sev]al visitors 7 pres5t4 ,no?+ t5ds to emb>rass a tea*] s mu* z ! entrance ( /rang]s2 ! lady's calmness & self-possession !n are wor?y ( mu* comm5dation4 ,tea*+ av]age #ajj4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ,m5tal ,ari?metic4 ,%e read ! que/ions di/9ctly1 & _h !m correctly solv$2 b = ! plan ( recitation1 %e help$ ! pupils too mu*4 ,! me?od 0 t call$ ,*ance ,assignm5t2 9 ?is me?od1 z ! pupils h "t to ?9k ( ! problems1 ! "w %\ld be purely t ( ! memory1 9 reg>d to ! example itself4 ,tea*+ av]age #ie4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,a class a lesson 9 ,lit]ature4 ,%e ev9c$ ?or\gh prep>ation1 & display$ consid]able tact 9 conduct+ ! recitation4 ,e pupil 0 call$ on & compell$ to recite or confess ignorance4 ,tea*+ av]age #ih4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ,elocution4 ,%e select$ a v difficult read+-lesson1 & n only read x well h]self1 b insi/$ ^u ! pupils read+ x well too4 ,! lady has a good cle> voice1 b x lacks p[]2 no?+ w develop ?is quality b con/ant daily practice4 ,tea*+ av]age #ig4 ,miss ---- taught ! ,c class 9 ,anci5t ,hi/ory4 ,%e did n succe$4 ,h] emb>rassm5t 0 caus$ 9 a great measure by n kn[+ ! names ( ! pupils4 ,tea*]s %\ld obta9 li/s ( ! names1 if !y are n famili> ) !m4 ,! lesson be+ "o 9 my?ology1 c\ld h be5 made v int]e/+ ) a slight ef=t on ! "p ( ! tea*]4 ,_m errors 9 pronunciation made by bo? tea*] & pupils1 7 all[$ to pass4 ,tea*+ av]age #gb4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,a class a lesson 9 ,elocution4 ,%e taught well1 b w\ld h succe$$ bett] if %e _h giv5 ! lesson a little m home practice4 ,:5 deliv]+ a passage requir+ consid]able =ce1 %e height5$ ! pit* ( h] voice1 & ?us gave an unpleasant %rillness1 :]e ! pure orotund tone 0 ne$$4 ,tea*+ av]age #ie4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,b class a lesson 9 ,elocution4 ,%e is a v sprightly1 animat$ tea*]1 & reads well4 ,%e paid special att5tion to ! correct or?opy ( words1 & insi/$ ^u pupils' mak+ use ( _! diction>ies :5ev] a ^w occurr$ ) :i* !y 7 n famili>4 ,tea*+ av]age #ajj4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,d class a lesson 9 ,hi/ory4 ,%e is "o ( ! be/ tea*]s 9 h] class4 ,%e is sprightly1 animat$1 & critical4 ,! lesson 0 well taught2 a map hav+ be5 neatly drawn on ! bo>d1 ! tea*] requir$ ! mo/ important places ref]r$ to 9 ! lesson1 to be po9t$ out ^u x4 ,tea*+ av]age #ajj4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,a class a lesson 9 ,*emi/ry4 ,%e has improv$ v mu* 9 tea*+4 ,%e und]/ood ! subject :i* %e taught1 & _h giv5 ! lesson c>eful prep>ation4 ,%e reque/$ "o ( ! pupils to look = ! or?opy ( a ^w :i* occurr$ 9 ! lesson4 ,! lady turn$ ov] ! leaves ( ! diction>y 9 a v c>eless mann]1 !n took h] seat1 say+ %e c\ld n f9d ! ^w1 al?\gh %e mu/ h be5 consci\s all ! :ile t %e 0 n se>*+ = x 9 ! prop] place4 ,miss ----1 in/ead ( s5d+ ! lady to look = ! ^w aga91 z %e %\ld h done1 pron\nc$ x h]self4 ,! tea*] %\ld require prompt ob$i5ce on ! "p ( pupils4 ,tea*+ av]age #ie4 ,miss ---- gave ! ,c class a lesson 9 ,elocution4 ,%e is a v en]getic tea*]1 & manife/s a deep int]e/ 9 h] pupils--h5ce1 h] success4 ,a visitor w\ld h inf]r$ f h] mann]1 t %e 0 ! p]man5t tea*]1 n a m]e sub/itute = a pass+ h\r4 ,tea*+ av]age1 #ajj4 ,,xxvi4 ,,att5tion ,,z ,a ,,m5tal ,,faculty1 ,,& ,,z ,a ,,means ,,( ,,m5tal ,,culture4 ,! illu/rations :i* fir/ l$ to a satisfactory elucidation ( ! subject1 7 drawn f ! eye4 ,!re are _m facts 9 ! hi/ory ( vision1 :i* %[ t we may exp]i5ce s5sations & p]ceptions & o!r intellectual op]ations1 & may at ! "t be consci\s ( ! same1 )\t giv+ !m any att5tion1 or1 at lea/1 )\t giv+ !m su* a degree ( att5tion z to h ! slighte/ recollection ( !m aft]w>ds4 ,:51 = in/ance1 we read a pr9t$ book1 ! eye glances s rapidly f s5t5ce to s5t5ce1 t we c h>dly p]suade ourselves t we actually see successively e lett]4 ,we c]ta9ly h no recollection ( hav+ gone ?r\gh su* an innum]able tra9 ( consci\s acts z ! !ory necess>ily implies4 ,t su*1 h[ev]1 is ! case1 is prov$ by ! fact1 t if by accid5t any lett] is omitt$1 or transpos$1 or put upside d[n1 ! eye at once detects ! mi/ake4 ,! fact is famili> to all4 ,x c be acc\nt$ = only on ! supposition t1 ev5 9 ! rapid & cursory p]usal ( a book1 ! eye actually passes f lett] to lett]1 & gives to ea* a di/9ct notice4 ,x n only notices ea* lett]1 b ! position ( ea* 9 ref]5ce to ! o!r lett]s 9 ! l9e1 & ev5 ^? nice diacritical po9ts by :i* "o lett] is di/+ui%$ f ano!r1 z c f e1 u f n1 b f d1 p f q4 ,?is notice1 h[ev]1 is s slight1 ! transition is s rapid1 t we h no recollection ( x aft]w>ds1 & we c h>dly p]suade ourselves t su* has be5 ! sob] & yet mo/ wond]ful fact4 ,take ano!r in/ance4 ,if1 on ! occasion ( an ev5+ assemblage1 by a sudd5 movem5t ( ! gas-pipe1 any "o %\ld in/antly ext+ui% all ! lights 9 ! room & leave ! build+ = a "t 9 total d>kness1 & if1 by an equally sudd5 movem5t1 he %\ld !n re/ore ! light to its previ\s condition1 e "o pres5t w\ld notice ! *ange & h a di/9ct recollection ( x aft]w>ds4 ,yet1 e "t we close our eyes 9 w9k+1 t is1 sev]al times 9 e m9ute ( our wak+ h\rs1 we exp]i5ce precisely ?is *ange f full & p]fect vision to total d>kness4 ,b no "o ev] notices or rememb]s ! fact ( 8 w9k+1 unless he /ops to make x ! subject ( special att5tion4 ,sight h[ev] is n ! only means ( illu/rat+ ?is po9t4 ,we are drawn to a simil> conclusion by obs]v+ ! work+s ( ! m9d itself1 9 ! act ( volition4 ,:5ev] we make any s+le volition an object ( special att5tion1 we are consci\s ( t volition1 & we h a di/9ct recollection ( x aft]w>ds4 ,yet probably n "o out ( t5 ?\s&1 possibly n "o out ( a million1 ( our simple volitions1 is ev] kn[n to u aft] ! mom5t ( its occurr5ce4 ,9 volunt>y muscul> action1 e di/9ct movem5t requires a di/9ct volition4 ,& h[ innum]able are ! movem5ts necess>y to ! accompli%m5t ( any "o ( ! ord9>y purposes ( life6 ,we sit d[n = example to write a lett] to a fri5d4 ,! nimble p5 dances f po9t to po9t ov] ! d>k5+ page1 & :5 we rea* ! bottom1 we h n ! lea/ recollection ( hav+ will$ any "o ( ^? c\ntless muscul> movem5ts :i* h be5 necess>y to :at1 b = its e-day occurr5ce1 w\ld be acc\nt$ ! greate/ feat ( leg]dema9 ev] p]=m$ by man6 ,take = example ! act ( read+ al\d4 ,e lett] requires = its utt]ance at lea/ "o di/9ct muscul> contraction4 ,"s lett]s require sev]al4 ,n[ x has be5 f\nd on trial t we are able to pron\nce m ?an a ?\s& lett]s 9 a m9ute4 ,t is1 dur+ e m9ute t we are read+ al\d1 we p]=m betwe5 "o & two ?\s& di/9ct muscul> movem5ts1 & by necessity a l numb] ( antec$5t acts ( ! w1 to say no?+ ( ^? o!r acts1 n less num]\s 9 ! case ( a speak]1 connect$ ) ! g5]al movem5t ( ! body 9 e>ne/ ge/iculation4 ,yet aft] ! h\r's p]=mance1 :at does ! speak] or ! read] rememb] ( all ^! c\ntless volitions8 ,no?+ b ! "o g5]al purpose to please1 in/ruct1 or p]suade an audi5ce4 ,! conclusion1 t[>d :i* ^! illu/rations po9t1 is object$ to by "s writ]s1 on ! gr\nd ( ! incr$ible rapidity :i* x attributes to our intellectual op]ations4 ,is x possible1 x is ask$1 t we c cr[d into su* a space ( "t s _m acts ( ! w1 & t we are1 at ! mom5t :5 ea* happ5s1 consci\s ( its pres5ce8 ,is x n m probable t ^! rapid muscul> actions are resolvable1 9 "s way1 into ! law ( habit8 ,may !y n become 9 "s s5se me*anical & automatic1 s z to require no int]v5tion ( ! w8 ,take = example1 ! case ( a p]son le>n+ to play ^u a musical in/rum5t4 ,! fir/ /ep is to move ! f+]s f key to key ) a sl[ motion1 look+ at ! notes1 & ex]t+ an express act ( volition at e note4 ,by degrees1 h[ev]1 ! motions someh[ cl+ to ea* o!r1 & to ! impressions ( ! notes1 9 ! way ( associations1 ! acts ( volition all ! :ile gr[+ less & less express1 until at la/ !y become q evanesc5t & imp]ceptible4 ,an exp]t w play f notes or f memory1 & ) a rapidity ( motion t is p]fectly bewild]+1 :ile at ! same "t he himself is c>ry+ on q a diff]5t tra9 ( ?\ghts 9 8 m9d1 or ev5 p]haps hold+ a conv]sation ) ano!r4 ,h5ce1 x is conclud$1 by ! writ]s ref]r$ to1 t 9 ^! cases !re is really no int]v5tion ( t idea or /ate ( ! m9d call$ w4 ,! au?orities = ?is hypo!sis are among ! highe/ t c be nam$ 9 ! hi/ory ( intellectual sci5ce4 ,let u see h[ f> ! hypo!sis expla9s ! facts ( ! case4 ,! mo/ rapid p]=m]1 x is obvi\s1 c at any "t ret>d 8 execution1 until 8 movem5ts become s sl[ t ea* "o may be made1 z orig9ally x 0 made1 ! subject ( special att5tion1 & may be di/9ctly rememb]$ aft]w>ds4 ,n[1 accord+ to ! hypo!sis propos$1 we w our actions1 & are consci\s bo? ( ! act1 & ! antec$5t volition1 s long z _! rapidity is conf9$ to a c]ta9 rate2 b1 z soon z ! rapidity exce$s t rate1 ! op]ation is tak5 out ( our h&s1 & is c>ri$ on by "s unkn[n p[]1 ( :i* we "k no m ?an we d ( ! circulation ( ! blood1 or ( ! sy/ole & dia/ole ( ! he>t6 ,su* a supposition is ab\t z reasonable z x w\ld be to say t a projectile passes ?r\gh ! int]m$iate space1 :5 x is ?r[n ) su* a mod]ate degree ( velocity t we c see x1 9 its progress2 b1 :5 x is ?r[n ) su* velocity z to become invisible1 x ceases to pass ?r\gh ! int]m$iate space1 & rea*es ! goal only because projectiles h ! habit ( do+ s6 ,! hypo!sis !n breaks d[n1 & we are =c$ back to our orig9al supposition1 namely1 t ^? actions :i* are volunt>y orig9ally1 nev] cease to be s2 t :51 z 9 ! cases suppos$1 we reta9 no recollection ( p>ticul> volitions1 x is because ( "s law ( our nature by :i* we are capable ( recollect+ only ^? acts ^u :i* ! att5tion has be5 fix$ ) a c]ta9 degree ( int5sity & = "s p]ceptible space ( "t2 t ! volition1 9 o!r words1 is too feeble & too rapid to leave any impression on ! memory4 ,to argue t !re has be5 no volition1 because we d n recollect x1 is z absurd z x w\ld be to say t !re has be5 no muscul> act1 because 9 _m cases we h z little recollection ( ! muscul> act1 z we h ( ! antec$5t volition4 ,besides1 !re are _m o!r m5tal acts1 z rapid z ^? :i* h be5 adduc$1--s rapid t n ! lea/ recollection ( !m rema9s1--:]e1 yet1 ?is me*anical or automatic hypo!sis af=ds n ! lea/ explanation4 ,?us ! exp]t acc\ntant 9 a ,bank adds up a long column ( figures ) ! same rapidity & ease ) :i* ord9>y p]sons w\ld read a passage f a famili> au?or1 & he br+s out 9 ! end ! exact sum1 :i* he c d 9 no o!r way ?an by tak+ note 9 pass+ ( ! precise "* & value ( ea* figure4 ,yet1 at ! end ( su* a process1 ! acc\ntant has no m recollection ( ^? rapidly succe$+ acts ( ! m9d1 ?an has ! musical p]=m] ( ^? c\ntless volitions put =? 9 ! c\rse ( a piece ( brilliant musical in/rum5tation4 ,z to ! objection1 t ! !ory attributes an almo/ inconceivable rapidity to "s ( our m5tal op]ations1 x may be answ]$1 9 ! fir/ place1 t !re is no reason1 surely1 :y m9d %\ld n be capable ( z rapid action z its h&maid1 matt]2 &1 9 ! second place1 t our ideas ( "t are relative1 q z mu* z our ideas ( space2 & if ! microscope has reveal$ a _w ( wond]s too m9ute 9 po9t ( space to be obs]v$ by ! nak$ eye1 9 ^: exi/5ce we yet believe ) und\bt+ confid5ce1 we may )\t great] difficulty believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( m5tal acts cr[d$ into s n>r[ a po9t ( "t1 s rapid & transitory 9 _! occurr5ce1 z to leave no impression ^u ! memory4 ,! facts :i* h be5 adduc$1 !n1 tea* cle>ly two ?+s3 fir/1 t by f> ! greate/ "p ( :at we d & exp]i5ce & are necess>ily consci\s ( at ! "t ( _! occurr5ce1 imm$iately fade f ! recollection1 z %ad[s pass ov] a l&scape2 & secondly1 t 9 ord] to ! recollection ( any act or object1 x is necess>y t ! m9d be fix$ ^u x = "s p]ceptible space ( "t & ) "s s5sible degree ( att5tion4 ,x is ?is indissoluble connection ( ! att5tion ) memory1 ?is absolute dep5d5ce ( ! latt] ^u ! =m]1 :i* gives ! subject su* f>-rea*+ import 9 consid]+ ! means ( intellectual culture4 ,h[ x is t we are able to exclude all subjects b "o f ! ?\ghts1 is n v easy ( explanation4 ,x is obvi\s t we _c d x by direct volition4 ,! v fact ( our will+ n to att5d to a p>ticul> object1 fixes our att5tion ^u x4 ,t we h1 h[ev]1 "s p[] & ag5cy 9 fix+ our att5tion on "o object & 9 )draw+ x f ano!r1 is a fact )9 ! k & exp]i5ce ( e "o1 :e!r we c expla9 ! mode by :i* x is done or n4 ,we h ! p[] ( :at ! *emi/s call elective aff9ity2 we make our *oice ( "s "o ( ! v>i\s objects claim+ ! att5tion1 & fix x ^u t2 & x seems to be a law ( our nature1 t :5 we ?us direct ! att5tion to "o object1 all o!rs1 ( !mselves1 & by "s natural necessity1 retire f ! ?\ghts4 ,?is is z ne> an approa*1 probably1 z we %all ev] make1 t[>ds an exact v]bal expression ( a fact1 = an intimate k ( :i*1 aft] all1 e man mu/ ref] to 8 own consci\sness4 ,?is p[] ( s+l+ out & fa/5+ ^u "s "o object to ! exclusion ( all o!rs1--9 o!r words1 ?is p[] ( att5tion--exi/s 9 almo/ inf9ite degrees 9 diff]5t individuals4 ,! degree 9 :i* x exi/s is ! measure ( a man's intellectual /ature4 ,no man c be truly great :o does n possess x to a high degree4 ,to comm& our att5tion is to comm& ourselves1 to be truly ma/] ( our own p[]s & res\rces4 ,! subject1 !n1 becomes "o ( fir/ importance 9 e k9d ( ei!r m5tal or moral improvem5t4 ,its vital connection ) ! faculty ( memory has be5 already sugge/$4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ?is bran* ( ! subject %\ld be set =? ) a little m di/9ctness4 ,!re are _m vague1 dreamy notions afloat on ! subject ( memory1 /&+ comp>isons & metaphors1 int5d$ to illu/rate its uses & magnify its importance1 b n decl>+ ) any degree ( precision :at x is4 ,x is call$1 = in/ance1 ! /oreh\se ( our ideas4 ,! metaphor conveys und\bt$ly a c]ta9 am\nt ( tru? 9 reg>d to ! subject4 ,at ! same "t1 !re are "s important p>ticul>s1 9 :i* ! comp>ison1 = x is no?+ m1 conveys a wrong impression4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es u1 = in/ance1 t recollections1 unlike o!r articles ( /ore1 are f ! "t ( _! deposit und]go+ a cont9ual process ( decay1 & if !y d n fade entirely f ! m9d1 x is because we occasionally br+ !m anew "u ! review ( ! m9d1 & ?us re/ore !m to _! orig9al fre%ness & vigor4 ,dismiss+1 !re=e1 ! metaphor1 ,i %all1 ,i presume1 express ) suffici5t accuracy ! e/abli%$ doctr9e on ?is subject by ! foll[+ /atem5ts3 t ( ! great multitude ( m5tal op]ations :i* we exp]i5ce1 by f> ! l>g] "p p]i% at ! mom5t ( _! bir?2 t o!rs1 to :i* = any reason we give1 at ! "t ( _! occurr5ce1 "s suffici5t degree ( att5tion1 aft]w>ds recur to u1 or are 9 "s way pres5t to our ?\ghts2 t ?is recurr5ce ( =m] ideas to our ?\ghts is sometimes spontane\s1 )\t any volunt>y action on our "p1 & sometimes ! consequ5ce ( a direct ef=t ( ! w2 & la/ly1 t ! capacity :i* we h ( be+ ?us revisit$ by =m] ?\ghts is call$ memory1 :ile ! ?\ghts !mselves1 :i* ?us return1 are call$ memories1 or m commonly recollections4 ,h[ x is t by an act ( volition we c summon aga9 into ! m9d an idea :i* has =m]ly be5 pres5t1 & :i* is n[ abs5t1 we h ! same difficulty 9 expla9+ :i* we _h 9 expla9+ h[1 by an act ( volition1 we c bani% a ?\ght :i* is n[ pres5t1 or by ! p[] ( att5tion c deta9 "s "o ?\ght to ! exclusion ( all o!rs4 ,to ?9k :at p>ticul> ?+ x is t we wi% to rememb]1 is 9 fact to h rememb]$ x already4 ,x is an ob/ruse & difficult inquiry1 into :i* x is n necess>y n[ to ent]4 ,a m important inquiry1 & "o connect$ directly ) our pres5t !me1 relates to ! diff]5t k9ds ( memory1 & _! connection sev]ally ) ! faculty ( att5tion4 ,quickness ( memory is t quality :i* is mo/ easily develop$1 especially 9 "y p]sons4 ,x is also its mo/ %[y quality1 & ! temptation to give x an inord9ate developm5t is /rong4 ,! habit ( gett+ ?+s by rote1 is easily acquir$ by practice4 ,x is a/oni%+ :at masses ( ,scripture texts "y *ildr5 w get by he>t1 :5 "u "s special /imulus ( rew>d or display4 ,i h (t5 refus$ to publi% m>vell\s feats ( ?is k9d1 n because ,i ?\ght ! acc\nts incr$ible1 7un=tunately1 !y 7 too true17 b because ,i ?\ght !y 7 a species ( m5tal excess1 & !y %\ld no m be enc\rag$ ?an bodily excesses4 ,a little girl 9 my own ,sunday-,s*ool once actually committ$ to memory ! :ole ( ! ,we/m9/] ,assembly's ,%ort] ,cate*ism 9 ?ree days6 ,six mon?s aft]w>ds %e h>dly knew a ^w ( x4 ,x _h be5 a regul> m5tal debau*4 ,a few m su* atrocities w\ld h made h] an idiot4 ,college records tell u ( :at are call$ cramm$ m51 t is1 m5 :o lit]ally /uff !mselves ) k 9 ord] to pass a p>ticul> exam9ation1 or to ga9 a p>ticul> honor1 & :o aft]w>ds =get _! k1 z fa/ z !y h acquir$ x4 ,!re is a well au!nticat$ in/ance ( a /ud5t :o actually le>n$ ! six books ( ,euclid by he>t1 ?\gh he c\ld n tell ! diff]5ce betwe5 an angle & a triangle4 ,! memory ( su* m5 is quick5$ l t ( ! p>rot4 ,!y le>n purely by rote4 ,real m5tal att5tion1 ! true dige/] ( k1 is nev] r\s$4 ,! k :i* !y gorge1 is nev] truly assimilat$ & made _! own4 ,a quality ( memory va/ly m important ?an quickness1 is t5acity4 ,to hold on to :at we get1 is ! secret ( m5tal1 no less ?an ( pecuni>y accumulations4 ,! m9d1 too1 l o!r mis]s1 cl+s mo/ t5aci\sly to t :i* has co/ x mo/ labor4 ,come lightly1 g lightly1 ! _w ov]4 ,k :i* comes into ! m9d )\t toil & ef=t1 )\t protract$ & labori\s att5tion1 is apt to g z easily z x came4 ,b1 by f> ! mo/ important quality ( memory1 = ! practical purposes ( life1 is read9ess4 ,l quickness & t5acity1 x is to be greatly improv$1 if n acquir$ by practice4 ,x is 9 ! cultivation ( ?is quality1 t ! p[] ( a good tea*] %9es =? mo/ conspicu\sly4 ,quickness & t5acity may be cultivat$ by solit>y /udy4 ,b read9ess requires = its developm5t a live tea*]1 & ! /ir ( ! s*ool-room & ! class4 ,"h x is t ! art ( que/ion+ %[s its wond]ful res\rces4 ,repeat$ & cont9u$ int]rogatories1 judici\sly word$1 h a sort ( talismanic p[]4 ,!y oblige ! s*ol> to br+ out 8 k f its hidd5 recesses1 to turn x ov] & ov]1 & inside out1 & upside d[n1 to look at x & to h&le x1 s t n only x becomes =ev] & inde/ructibly 8 own1 b he c ev] aft]w>ds use x at w ) ! same read9ess t he uses 8 h&s or 8 eyes4 ,?is is :at a skilful tea*] may d = 8 s*ol>s1 by a k & practice ( ! art ( que/ion+4 ,un=tunately1 tea*]s 9 g5]al f9d x mu* easi] passively to he> a lesson1 ?an to mu/] z mu* intellectual en]gy z is necess>y to ask a "q4 ,x 0 a rem>k ( ,bacon's1 t1 if we wi% to commit any?+ to memory1 we w accompli% m 9 t5 read+s1 if at ea* p]usal we make ! attempt to repeat x f memory1 ref]r+ to ! book only :5 ! memory fails1 ?an we w\ld by a hundr$ read+s made 9 ! ord9>y way1 & )\t any int]v5+ trials4 ,! explanation ( ?is fact is1 t ea* ef=t to recollect ! passage secures to ! subsequ5t p]usal a m int5se degree ( att5tion2 & x seems to be a law ( our nature1 n only t !re is no memory )\t att5tion1 :i* ,i h labor$ at "s l5g? to e/abli%1 b t ! degree ( memory is 9 a great measure proportion$ to ! degree ( ! att5tion4 ,y w see at once ! be>+ ( ?is fact ^u t species ( intellectual dissipation1 call$ g5]al read+1 9 :i* ! m5tal voluptu>y reads m]ely = mom5t>y excitem5t1 9 ! gratification ( an idle curiosity1 & :i* is z en]vat+ & debilitat+ to ! intellectual faculties1 z o!r k9ds ( dissipation are to ! bodily functions4 ,"o book1 well read & ?or\ghly dige/$1 nay1 "o s+le tra9 ( ?\ght1 c>efully elaborat$ & att5tively consid]$1 is wor? m ?an any conceivable am\nt ( t indol5t1 dreamy sort ( read+ 9 :i* _m p]sons indulge4 ,!re is 9 fact no m unsafe crit]ion ( k ?an ! numb] ( books a man has read4 ,a "y man once told me he _h read ! entire li/ ( publications ( ! ,am]ican ,sunday-,s*ool ,union4 ,he 0 ab\t z wise z ! man at ! hotel1 :o began at ! top ( ! bill ( f>e ) ! int5tion ( eat+ /raight ?r\gh to ! bottom6 ,dep5d ^u x1 ?is m5tal gorg+ is debilitat+ & debau*+ alike to ! moral & ! intellectual con/itution4 ,!re is too mu* read+ ev5 ( good books4 ,no "o %\ld ev] read a book1 )\t subsequ5t m$itation or conv]sation ab\t x1 & an attempt to make ! ?\ghts 8 own1 by a vigor\s process ( m5tal assimilation4 ,any cont9u\s intellectual occupation1 :i* does n leave u wis] & /rong]1 mo/ assur$ly w leave u weak]1 j z fill+ ! body ) food :i* x does n dige/1 only makes x feeble & sickly4 ,we are ! worse = read+ any book1 if we are n ! bett] = x4 ,!re is an obvi\s di/9ction on ?is subject1 ( "s practical importance1 fir/ sugge/$1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 by ! ,scot* metaphysician1 ,dr4 ,reid1 betwe5 att5tion z direct$ to ext]nal objects1 & ! same faculty direct$ to :at passes )9 u4 ,:5 we att5d to :at is )\t u1 to :at we he>1 or see1 or smell1 or ta/e1 or t\*1 ! process is call$ obs]vation4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 dismiss+ = ! "t all notice ( ! ext]nal _w1 we turn our ?\ghts inw>d1 & consid] only :at is pass+ 9 ! inn] *amb]s ( ! m9d1--:51 = in/ance1 we analyze our motives1 or notice ! work+s ( passion1 or scan ! my/]i\s & subtle ag5cy ( ! w1 ! process is call$ reflection4 ,?is latt] species ( att5tion is "o mu* m difficult ( developm5t ?an ! =m]4 ,x is develop$ ord9>ily mu* lat] 9 life1--seldom1 ,i believe1 develop$ to any consid]able ext5t be=e ! age ( manhood1--develop$ by "s pr(essions & pursuits mu* m ?an by o!rs1--& 9 a v l>ge class ( mank9d1 probably ! majority1 nev] develop$ at all4 ,?is species ( att5tion1 :i* is ?us direct$ inw>ds1 subjective att5tion "s w\ld call x1--9 o!r words1 ! reflective p[]s1--are1 ,i d\bt n1 capable ( be+ cultivat$ mu* e>li] 9 life ?an ! age :i* ,i h indicat$ z ! normal p]iod ( _! developm5t4 ,i am con/ra9$1 h[ev]1 9 opposition to _m high au?orities 9 education1 to d\bt ! wisdom ( a precoci\s cultivation ( ?is "p ( our intellectual sy/em4 ,9 all our plans ( education1 we %\ld closely foll[ nature1 :o seems to h res]v$ ! judgm5t & ! reflective p[]s = ! late/1 z !y c]ta9ly are ! mo/ p]fect1 ( h] end[m5ts4 ,we1 :o are tea*]s1 h *iefly to d ) ^? ^: p[]s are z yet immature1 & ^: att5tion is to be cultivat$ prim>ily 9 its direction to ext]nal objects4 ,our bus9ess1 9 o!r words1 is to tra9 our pupils fir/ ( all to habits ( obs]vation4 ,9 do+ ?is1 x is ( "s practical importance to be> 9 m9d ! well-kn[n diff]5ce1 9 respect to memory1 betwe5 ! objects ( diff]5t s5ses4 ,:e!r x be attribut$ to ! diff]5t degrees ( p]fection ) :i* ! qualities ( bodies are p]ceiv$1 or to "s diff]5ce 9 ! qualities !mselves1 or :atev] may be ! cause1 ! fact is e/abli%$ beyond a "q1 t ! k :i* comes to u ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! eye is ( all k9ds ( k ! mo/ easily & ! mo/ p]fectly rememb]$4 ,we rememb]1 inde$1 ! temp]ature ( "o day z di/+ui%$ f t ( ano!r2 we rememb] ! s\nd ( a voice2 we c conceive1 9 its abs5ce1 ! odor or ! ta/e ( a p>ticul> object2 b none ( ^! ideas come to u ) t def9it5ess & p]fection :i* m>k our recollections ( :at we h se54 ,x requires1 = in/ance1 b ord9>y p[]s ( att5tion & p]ception1 = a p]son :o has "o good look at a h\se1 to recall di/9ctly to 8 m9d ! ideas ( its height1 %ape1 color1 mat]ial1 ! numb] ( /ories1 ! pit* ( ! ro(1 ! k9d ( %utt]s to ! w9d[s1 ! position ( ! door1 ! fa%ion ( panels1 ! bell-h&le1 ! plate1 ev5 ! little can>y-bird ) its cage 9 ! w9d[s above1 & ! roses1 g]aniums1 & :at else may be fair] /ill1 9 ! w9d[ bel[4 ,^! are all objects ( sight4 ,9 _! abs5ce1 he c br+ to m9d & describe !m1 ) almo/ ! same accuracy t he c\ld if !y 7 actually pres5t4 ,n[1 x is impossible to obta9 a l precision & fulness 9 our conceptions ( a quality :i* we h le>n$ ?r\gh any o!r s5se4 ,we =m 9 ! "o case a m5tal image or picture ( ! object1 :i* 9 ! o!r case is impossible4 ,we c by no possibility =m a m5tal or any o!r image ( ! song ( can>y1 ( ! p]fume ( a rose1 or ( any o!r quality1 except ^? :i* address u ?r\gh ! eye4 ,our conceptions ( ta/e1 smell1 t\*1 & ev5 ( he>+1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! objects ( s5se1 h a c]ta9 dimness1 vagu5ess1 mi/9ess1 unc]ta9ty ab\t !m4 ,! conceptions ( visible objects1 on ! contr>y1 are def9ite1 precise1 & mo/ easily recall$4 ,h5ce ! k d]iv$ ?r\gh ! sight1 is1 ( all k9ds ( k1 ! mo/ accurate1 ! mo/ easily acquir$1 & ! mo/ la/+4 ,! practical application ( ^! views to ! sci5ce ( tea*+1 is too obvi\s to require m ?an a pass+ notice4 ,e ?+ :i* ! "y are to make ! subject ( _! att5tion1 = ! purpose ( rememb]+ x1 %\ld be repres5t$ z f> z possible to ! eye4 ,if ! object itself1 on acc\nt ( its bulk1 or its exp5siv5ess1 or = any o!r reason1 _c be exhibit$ = inspection1 let !re be "s visible del9eation ( x by bru% or p5cil4 ,if ! ?+ to be rememb]$ be some?+ ab/ract or unreal1 hav+ nei!r =m nor sub/ance1 p]haps x may h1 or ! tea*] may make = x1 "s concrete1 visible symbol1 z has be5 done ) ! =mulas ( logic & ! ab/ractions ( ari?metic & algebra4 ,^! visible symbols on ! slate & ! blackbo>d give to ^? sci5ces all ! advantages 9 ?is respect :i* 7 suppos$ to be peculi> to "s ( ! bran*es ( physical sci5ce4 ,a boy :o has =gott5 e m]e v]bal rule bo? ( ari?metic & algebra1 w rememb] ! =mula1 x#b #bxy y#b1 j z p]fectly & on ! same pr9ciple1 z he w rememb] ! face ( ! man :o taught x to him4 ,x is some?+ :i* he has se54 ,:y has geometry 9 all ages be5 f\nd to be ( su* peculi> value z a means ( intellectual tra9+8 ,because ( ! visible del9eation ( its doctr9es by diagrams address$ to ! eye4 ,h[ mu* m readily & c]ta9ly *emical sci5ce c n[ be acquir$1 s9ce ! adoption ( ! pres5t mode ( symboliz+ its doctr9es by comb9ations ( lett]s & figures4 ,argum5ts1 conjectures1 !ories1 respect+ qualities address$ alike to e s5se1 respect+ functions inde$ n cognizable by any s5se1 are n[ pres5t$ on ! bo>d 9 visible symbolic =mulas1 :i* h ! same advantage ov] ! =m] mode ( pres5t+ ! subject1 t ! sight ( a *ess-bo>d dur+ ! progress ( a game has ov] a m]e v]bal description ( ! movem5ts4 ,! tru? ( ?is doctr9e is /rik+ly illu/rat$ 9 ! pres5t mode ( tea*+ geography1 z comp>$ ) t once 9 use1 :5 a *ild1 in/ead ( look+ at ! map ( a c\ntry1 ) its b\nd>ies & o!r physical *>act]s pa9t$ to ! eye1 _h to grope ?r\gh a trackless wild]ness ( description4 ,! /udy w be /ill m improv$1 :5 *ildr5 %all be univ]sally requir$ to make z well z to look at maps1--:51 to ! def9it5ess ( k com+ ?r\gh ! sight1 !re %all be add$ t in]asible impression ^u ! memory1 :i* comes f fix$ness & cont9uity ( att5tion4 ,x is impossible = a *ild to draw a map1 )\t look+ int5tly1 & ) cont9u$ att5tion1 ^u e "p ( t :i* is to be del9eat$4 ,! two conditions to p]fect recollection are comb9$1 & ! k1 :i* is ! result1 is ! v la/ to fade f ! memory4 ,e tea*] ( small *ildr5 kn[s h[ mu* m c]ta9ly !y le>n to spell by see+ ?an by he>+4 ,y may repeat to a *ild five times ov] ! s\nds :i* make up a ^w1 & he w n recollect x ) half ! c]ta9ty t he w\ld on see+ x once4 ,! same pr9ciple :i* leads to ?is result1 & :i* indicates ! propriety1 n only ( look+ at maps b ( mak+ !m1 9 ord] to ! m p]fect k ( geography1 w sugge/ to ! ?\ghtful tea*] ! exp$i5cy ( *ildr5's n only look+ at words1 b ( writ+ !m1 9 ord] to become p]fect spell]s4 ,m5tal ari?metic has its fasc9ations4 ,x has1 too1 ,i am ready to admit1 solid advantages4 ,its advantages1 h[ev]1 ,i appreh5d are n precisely ^? :i* are sometimes attribut$ to x4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 ,i ?9k1 t x helps to cultivate ! reflective p[]s2 t x requires1 & by requir+ gives1 ! ability to conf9e ! att5tion to cont9u$ m5tal processes4 ,b = mak+ exp]t practical acc\ntants1 :i* is g5]ally quot$ z its di/+ui%+ b5efit1 ,i confess ,i am p>tial to ! slate & p5cil1 & to t v5]able p>allelogram1 ! old-fa%ion$ ,multiplication ,table1 9 ! %ape x came d[n to u f ,py?agoras4 ,! read] w n1 ( c\rse1 und]/& me z wi%+ to disc>d ,m5tal ari?metic4 ,all t ,i mean to sugge/ is ! inquiry1 :e!r its advantages are n look$ = 9 ! wrong direction1 :e!r !y are n sometimes ov]-e/imat$1 & :e!r ?is mode ( tea*+ ari?metic1 especially :5 pursu$ z a hobby1 is n sometimes pu%$ too f>1 & made ! means ( curi\s display1 r ?an ( solid & la/+ b5efit4 ,9 tea*+ m5tal ari?metic1 too1 = ,i w\ld c]ta9ly tea* x to "s ext5t1 ,i w\ld sugge/ ! exp$i5cy ( tea*+ *ildr51 9 p]=m+ ^! m5tal op]ations1 to ?9k 9 figures1 9 o!r words1 to =m conceptions ( ! ari?metical figures & signs1 :i* are visible objects1 r ?an ( quantities & relations1 :i* are m]e ab/ractions4 ,multiplication is a m]e metaphysical entity4 ,! sign ( multiplication is a simple1 visible symbol1 address$ to ! eye1 & capable ( be+ conceiv$ by ! m9d ) unmi/akable cle>ness & precision4 ,a *ild c\nt+ its f+]s 9 ! fir/ /eps ( le>n+ to add & to take away1 is a pretty sight1 d\btless4 ,b x is pa9ful to see a p]son gr[n to man's e/ate1 & 9 o!r respects well educat$1 z ,i h v (t5 se51 /ill dep5d5t ^u ! same infantile contrivance1--/ill c\nt+ f+]s :5 requir$ to add long columns ( figures4 ,c\nt ! f+]s1 if necess>y1 9 ord] to get ! *ild "u way4 ,b ! soon] ! lead+-/r+ c be dropp$1 & ! *ild c be made to picture 9 8 m9d ! pure figures & signs1 _! comb9ations & results1 )\t ref]5ce to f+]s1 or apples1 or cakes1 or tops1 ! bett] = 8 ari?metic1 & ! bett] = 8 m5tal cultivation4 ,! subject has a pa9ful int]e/ = ! ,sabba?-,s*ool ,tea*]4 ,! tea*] ( ! infant s*ool1 inde$1 has "s opportunity = employ+ ?is pr9ciple ( pictorial repres5tation1 9 tea*+ ! little ones ( 8 *>ge4 ,! infant s*ool-room usually has conv5i5ces = maps & picture c>ds & diagrams1 & ev5 blackbo>ds2 & mo/ infant s*ool tea*]s wisely avail !mselves ( ! opportunity af=d$4 ,b g into ! ma9 s*ool-room--:at c ! tea*] d8 ,tw5ty1 ?irty1 =ty classes huddl$ toge!r into "o room1 compact z %eep 9 a p51 h[ c ! individual tea*]1 if dispos$1 use adequate visible illu/rations = ! in/ruction ( 8 class8 ,:]e %all he place 8 blackbo>d8 :]e %all he hang up 8 maps8 :]e %all he susp5d 8 models8 :]e %all he exhibit 8 specim5s8 ,! utmo/ t c be done 9 mo/ ( our s*ools1 z at pres5t provid$ =1 is to h a few maps on ! di/ant walls ( ! room :i* ! sup]9t5d5t may ref] to1 :5ev] he *ooses1 & :i* all ! *ildr5 may see :o c6 ,! "t mu/ come1 h[ev]1 :5 ! tea*+ ( religi\s tru? w be consid]$ ( z mu* importance z ! tea*+ ( ari?metic or ( *emi/ry1 & ! ,sabba?-,s*ool w h ! same facilities = imp>t+ in/ruction z ! week-day s*ool4 ,b t "t has n yet come4 ,9 ! mean:ile1 let ! tea*] c>efully avail himself ( :atev] subsidi>y aids are )9 8 rea*4 ,no tea*] %\ld ev] pres5t himself be=e 8 class )\t a ,bible ,atlas & a ,bible ,diction>y 9 8 h&4 ,_m ( ^? ?+s ) :i* 8 class ought to be made acqua9t$1 are "h n only describ$1 b del9eat$1 ) equal accuracy & beauty4 ,?anks to ! booksell]s & ! religi\s publication societies1 ! sc5es ( sacr$ hi/ory1 & inde$ religi\s topics g5]ally1 h be5 illu/rat$ 9 *eap pictorial c>ds1 bo? l>ge & small1 & ) admirable fidelity & skill4 ,^! =m a "p ( ! indisp5sable furniture ( ! ,sunday-,s*ool tea*]4 ,!y are to him z necess>y z are exp]im5ts1 or a cab9et ( specim5s1 to ! lectur] on ! physical sci5ces4 ,! ,sabba?-,s*ool tea*] %\ld be cont9ually on ! look-out = publications ( ?is k9d1 n only = in/ruct+ & furni%+ 8 own m9d ) def9ite ideas1 b = exhibition to 8 class4 ,a wise tea*] w n only h some?+ to say to 8 class1 b also some?+ to %[4 ,! ideas :i* ! *ild gets f look+ at really in/ructive pictures & maps1 nev] leave him4 ,h[ mu* also our intellig5t appreh5sion ( ! scriptures is increas$1 by a k ( topography1 & by associat+ ea* ev5t 9 ! sacr$ n>ration ) ! place 9 :i* x occurr$8 ,x may be prop] to say1 too1 9 ?is connection1 t x is ) a view to ! pr9ciple n[ "u consid]ation1 t 9 prep>+ books & pap]s = ! "y1 au?ors & publi%]s feel ju/ifi$ 9 giv+ s mu* labor & space to pictorial illu/ration4 ,:51 inde$1 su* illu/rations are m]ely = display1 !y des]ve ! contempt :i* !y (t5 receive4 ,b :5 ^! pictorial illu/rations h a def9ite mean+ & design1 :5 !y tea* some?+1 :5 !y connect 9 ! *ild's m9d s\nd religi\s tru? ) di/9ct & easily rememb]$ visible =ms1 !y are a really valuable aid 9 ! inculcation ( doctr9e4 ,! p[] ( att5tion1 l all ! m5tal p[]s1 is by nature great] 9 "s ?an 9 o!rs4 ,/ill1 !re is no p[] m susceptible ( improvem5t4 ,! importance ( its cultivation _c well be ov]-/at$4 ,x affects n "o /udy only1 b all /udies2 n "o mode ( /udy only1 b e mode ( /udy1 by text-book or by lecture2 lessons to be recit$ by memory1 or ^? by "q & answ]2 n ev5 /udy only1 b conduct & mann]s1 ! regulation ( ! he>t & ! =mation ( ! "*4 ,! precise measure ( a *ild's success1 9 e ?+ t p]ta9s to 8 "* & /&+ z a s*ol>1 w 9 n9e cases out ( t5 be 8 p[] & habit ( att5tion4 ,!re are inde$ lam5table cases ( wilful & int5tional disord]4 ,yet e tea*] kn[s t by f> ! great] portion ( ! ?+s :i* int]rupt & di/urb a s*ool arise f ?\ghtlessness & inatt5tion4 ,!re are also equally und\bt$ cases ( ignorance t is no crime4 ,yet ! great majority ( ^? :o fail 9 _! /udies1 fail simply because !y d n att5d4 ,to att5d1 h[ev]1 means some?+ m ?an m]ely to be bodily pres5t1 m ev5 ?an to h ! e>s op5 & ! eyes fix$ 9 ! direction ( ! speak]1 :5 a ?+ is said1 or done4 ,an old lady us$ to sit 9 ! same aisle ) me 9 *ur*1 & un=tunately liv$ opposite me 9 ! /reet1 :o 0 nei!r deaf nor bl9d1 & :o 0 nev] abs5t f *ur*1 & yet %e s5t ov] inv>iably on ,sunday ev5+s to "k :at x 0 ! m9i/] said ab\t t meet+ on ,w$nesday night1 or t meet+ on ,friday night1--%e did n rightly und]/&6 ,b x is n necess>y to g to *ur*1 to f9d ^? :o hav+ eyes see n1 & hav+ e>s he> n1 nei!r d !y und]/&1 :o look )\t see+1 & he> )\t compreh5d+4 ,publi% a notice 9 y\r s*ool1 mak+ "s *ange ( h\rs or lessons1 or giv+ any specific direction4 ,no matt] h[ simple1 or h[ pla9ly express$1 ! notice may be1 or h[ p>ticul>ly att5tion may be call$ be=eh& to ! ann\ncem5t ab\t to be made1 :]e is ! happy tea*] :o has be5 able on su* an occasion to make himself und]/ood by all8 ,tea*]s & prea*]s & speak]s ( e "n h g5]ally v little idea h[ mu* !y are misund]/ood4 ,let me give "s in/ances4 ,9 my own ,sunday-,s*ool1 ,i _h neglect$ "o morn+ to br+ ) me ! tea*]'s class-books4 ,aft] op5+ ! s*ool1 ,i rang ! bell z a signal = att5tion4 ,!re 0 a g5]al hu% ?r\gh\t ! room4 ,all eyes 7 turn$ to ! desk4 ,i said3 ,y\r class-books un=tunately h be5 left beh9d ?is morn+4 ,!y h be5 s5t =1 h[ev]1 & !y w soon be "h4 ,z soon z !y come1 ,i w br+ !m r\nd to ! sev]al classes4 ,9 ! meantime1 y may g on ) y\r regul> lessons4 ,! bell 0 !n tapp$ aga91 & ! r\t9e ( ! s*ool resum$4 ,9 ab\t a m9ute1 a girl came up to ! desk1 )1 ,sir1 tea*] says1 w y please to s5d h] class-book2 x 0 n br\ght r\nd1 z usual1 ?is morn+1 be=e s*ool op5$6 ,"h 0 a class ( t5 girls1 av]ag+ twelve ye>s ( age1 & n "o ( !m1 nor _! tea*]1 _h he>d or und]/ood ! notice :i* ,i ?\ght ,i _h made s pla96 ,"h is ano!r in/ance4 ,at ! exam9ation = admission to ! ,philadelphia ,high ,s*ool1 z a means ( te/+ among o!r ?+s h[ f> ?is v faculty ( he>+ & ( att5tion has be5 cultivat$1 ! c&idates are requir$ to copy a passage f dictation4 ,^! ex]cises are always pres]v$ = ref]5ce1 & 9 ord] to %[ ! fairness ( ! exam9ation4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 ,i 0 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,s*ool1 ,i took ! pa9s to copy out a few ( ! ex]cises1 9 ord] to %[ ! s+ul> freaks into :i* an uncultivat$ e> may be l$4 ,"o or two specim5s w s]ve to illu/rate ! po9t4 ,! fir/ clause ) its v>iations1 0 z foll[s3-- ,e brea* ( v]acity indicates "s lat5t vice4 bridge rascality late/ vice4 bree* f]acity lat9et vice4 prea* eracity late device4 bran* vivacity great advice4 v]acity late advice4 ladovice4 lad5$ vice4 ,e bran* ( v]acity 9 ! next "s lat5t vice4 ,e rea* ( _! ascidity indicates "s advice4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ! passage occurr$ ! foll[+3 ,petty op]ations4 ,petty alt]ations4 ,petty obs]vations4 ,patri>*al occupations4 ,petty oblations4 ,n[ ( :at use is x to a boy :o mi/akes petty = patri>*al1 lat5t vice = great advice1 brea* ( v]acity = rea* ( _! ascidity1 :o is s untra9$ t he really _c he> :at is said1 or see :at is done1--( :at use is x to su* a boy1 m]ely because he has gone ?r\gh a prescrib$ r\t9e ( books & classes1 or p]*ance because he has atta9$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( ye>s & ( p\nds avoirdupois1 to be pu%$ =w>d into a high] dep>tm5t to att5d lectures on *emi/ry1 or anatomy1 or morals1 or hi/ory1 or lit]ature8 ,x is prepo/]\s4 ,x is an insult to ! ,pr(essor1 & an injury to ! boy4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! burd5 ( my song4 ,we _c take too mu* pa9s 9 e>ly life 9 r\s+ ?is p[] ( att5tion4 ,dep5d ^u x1 no matt] h[ mu* le>n+1 s call$1 is cramm$ into a y\?1 8 intellectual developm5t has n begun until ?is p[] is r\s$4 ,he may h a vague1 dreamy sort ( k2 he may d sums by rule1 & he may p>se by rote1 & d _m o!r wondr\s ?+s2 b 8 p[]s are n invigorat$1 he does n gr[1 until he beg9s really to see & he>1 & feel t]ra firma "u 8 feet4 ,! pr9ciple :i* ,i am illu/rat+ applies ) special =ce to t "p ( a *ild's education :i* consi/s 9 le>n+ ! mean+ ( words4 ,i h s]i\s d\bts :e!r *ildr5 ord9>ily le>n mu* ( ! real mean+ ( words by committ+ def9itions to memory4 ,:at is a def9ition8 ,x is only express+ ! mean+ ( "o ^w by ! use ( ano!r ^w z ne>ly z possible synonym\s4 ,n[1 9 ! case ( a *ild1 x is at lea/ an ev5 *ance t t o!r ^w is j z unkn[n z ! "o x is int5d$ to expla94 ,x is l1 9 algebra1 solv+ an equation ) two unkn[n quantities1 by giv+ ! value ( "o unkn[n quantity 9 t]ms ( ! o!r4 ,a *ild1 = in/ance1 is told t pot5t means efficaci\s1 t p[] means ability1 t potion means a physical draught1 t pot5tial means exi/+ 9 possibility1 n 9 act4 ,^! are def9itions tak5 at r&om f a book 9 common use 9 our public s*ools4 ,! def9itions possibly are good en\gh = ! purpose = :i* !y 7 design$4 ,i am n qu>rell+ ) ! def9itions4 ,b1 surely1 x is n by ^! t a *ild is to le>n ! mean+ ( ! words4 ,:e!r he is told t p[] means ability1 or ability means p[]1 t pot5t means efficaci\s1 or efficaci\s means pot5t1 9 nei!r case1 n9e times out ( t51 is any addition made to 8 /ock ( k4 ,x is n until mu* lat] 9 life1--until 9 fact our k ( words is already v mu* ext5d$1 t we pr(it mu* by le>n+ =mal def9itions4 ,b 9 *ildhood1 we mu/ le>n ! mean+ & p[] ( words1 j z ! me*anic becomes acqua9t$ ) 8 tools1 by obs]v+ _! use4 ,a boy1 = in/ance1 reads ?is s5t5ce4 ,! drug 0 v efficaci\s4 ,if ! ^w is q new to him1 & !re is no?+ 9 ! clause prec$+ or foll[+ to indicate its mean+1 x is n at all unlikely t he may suppose x to mean poison\s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 f ! context1 he f9ds t a p]son :o _h be5 sick1 0 made sudd5ly well1 & ?is /atem5t foll[$ by ! rem>k1 t ! drug 0 v efficaci\s1 he w probably get ! idea t ! ^w means heal+1 or curative4 ,he reads aga91 9 ano!r place1 t a c]ta9 mode ( tea*+ p5man%ip 0 f\nd to be v efficaci\s4 ,"h is a new use ( ! ^w1 q diff]5t f ! o!r1 & he is oblig$ to exclude f 8 idea ( its mean+ e ?+ l heal+4 ,s he goes on1 e fre% example cutt+ (f "s extrane\s idea :i* ! previ\s examples _h l$ him to atta* to ! ^w1 & e /ep onw>d com+ ne>] to ! g5]al idea1 ?\gh he may nev] express x 9 words1 ( some?+ :i* accompli%$ its object1 :atev] t object may be4 ,x is1 ,i believe1 *iefly by obs]v+ 9 ?is way ! mann] 9 :i* words are us$1 t *ildr5 d & mu/ le>n _! mean+4 ,x is1 9 o!r words1 by quick5+ & cultivat+ ! habit ( att5tion to ! mean+1--by tra9+ a *ild1 :5 he is read+1 to imag9e1 n t he is read+ ! words1 b t he is read+ ! s5se1 by accu/om+ him to look ?r\gh ! ^w1 to ! s5se1 j z he w\ld look at objects out ( doors ?r\gh ! w9d[1 & to consid] ! words1 z he w\ld consid] ! glass1 m]ely z a m$ium1 ?r\gh :i*1 & unm9dful ( x1 he looks at some?+ beyond1--:i* some?+ is ! mean+4 ,let me n be misund]/ood 9 reg>d to ?is matt] ( def9itions4 ,i believe x to be ( ! utmo/ importance t *ildr5 %\ld be con/antly requir$ to give def9itions or explanations ( ! words ^: mean+ !y h acquir$4 ,all ,i mean to call 9 "q is1 :e!r t mean+ to any consid]able ext5t is acquir$ by committ+ to memory =mal def9itions prep>$ by o!rs4 ,:5 !y h once le>n$ ! mean+ ( a ^w1 :i* is to be done ma9ly1 if n only1 by obs]v+ its use1 !n by all means let !m be requir$ to express t mean+ by o!r words :i* !y "k4 ,su* an ex]cise _c be too mu* insi/$ on4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ means ( secur+ t att5tion to ! signification ( words1 :i* is s mu* want$4 ,x requires ! *ild1 moreov]1 to br+ 8 k cont9ually to ! te/4 ,x cultivates at once accuracy ( ?\ght1 & accuracy ( language1 :i* is ! vehicle ( ?\ght4 ,tra9 a *ild1 !re=e1 to ! habit ( att5tion1 fir/ to ! mean+ ( words z ga!r$ f obs]vation ( _! use1 & secondly to ! expression ( t mean+ 9 language appropriate & intelligible to o!rs4 ,i h dwelt a little on ?is subject1 because1 z 9 ! matt] ( he>+1 ,i d\bt :e!r p g5]ally are aw>e h[ little *ildr5 und]/& :at !y read4 ,nor is ?is ignorance conf9$ to *ildr54 ,9 our acts ( devotion1 we are all 9 ! habit ( us+ c]ta9 /]eotyp$ phrases1 )\t atta*+ to !m any def9ite mean+1 )\t p]haps s mu* z hav+ ev5 ?\ght :e!r !y _h a mean+4 ,?is same p]nici\s habit is se5 also 9 our read+ ( ! ,scriptures4 ,we h read ! phrases ov] f *ildhood1 until we h become s famili> ) !m1 t we are oblig$ (t5 to /op1 & by a sort ( compulsory process to *all5ge ea* ^w z x passes1 & see :e!r x really conveys any mean+ to our m9d4 ,if ,i 7 to say to a class1 ,! ,bible tells u ( a man :o 0 old] ?an 8 fa!r1 or "s su* app>5t contradiction 9 t]ms1 ! %>p anti!sis w\ld d\btless arre/ _! att5tion1 & ,i w\ld at lea/ be ask$ to expla9 myself4 ,yet1 t5 to "o1 !y h read1 hundr$s ( times1 ( him :o is ! root & ! (fspr+ ( ,david1 ! bright & morn+ />1 )\t notic+ any?+ at all rem>kable 9 ! expression4 ,x is to !m m]ely some?+ good & pi\s1 c\*$ 9 a v pleasant & sonor\s fl[ ( words1 & mean+ d\btless some?+ v com=t+ & edify+4 ,i 0 once tea*+ tempor>ily a "y ladies' ,bible ,class4 ,! av]age age ( ! memb]s 0 at lea/ sev5te54 ,!y 7 ! pick f a l>ge city s*ool1 & _h be5 select$ = _! sup]ior educational advantages & atta9m5ts4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 att5d+ exp5sive private s*ools dur+ ! week4 ,wi%+ to satisfy myself z to ! g5]al k & ! intellectual habits ( ! memb]s1 ,i took ! plan ( simply read+ v]se ab\t1 /opp+ f "t to "t to talk famili>ly ab\t any?+ :i* might happ5 to sugge/ itself4 ,?is v]se among o!rs 0 read3 x is f ! acc\nt ( ! miracle on ! day ( ,p5teco/3 ,& !re appe>$ unto !m clov5 tongues l z ( fire1 & x sat ^u ea* ( !m4 ,i f\nd1 ^u inquir+1 t n "o 9 t l>ge class _h ! remote/ idea ( :at 0 meant by ! ^w clov54 ,"o "y lady ?\ght x meant fi]y1 ano!r flam+1 ano!r w+$1 & s on4 ,mo/ ( !m1 h[ev]1 said t !y really _h nev] ?\ght ( ! matt] be=e4 ,probably e "o ( !m _h read ! passage hundr$s ( times2 & :5 we began talk+ ab\t x1 no "o ( !m seem$ to h an idea t !re 0 any?+ 9 ! v]se :i* %e did n und]/&4 ,x 0 n until ,i took x up1 ^w by ^w1 & *all5g$ a p]emptory & %>p scrut9y into ! mean+ atta*$ to ea* ^w1 t ! rem>kable fact came out :i* ,i h /at$4 ,"o or two m leaves f my pr(essional exp]i5ce w be giv54 ,dur+ ! great] "p ( my pr(essional life1 x has be5 a "p ( my duty to exam9e c&idates = ! (fice ( tea*] 9 ! public s*ools4 ,out ( n9ety-eight c&idates = ! (fice ( assi/ant tea*]1 :om ,i exam9$ on "o occasion1 only "o knew ! mean+ ( ! ^w sumptu>y1 al?\gh 9 ! public discussion !n go+ on ab\t ! lic5se law1 ! ^w 0 9 daily use 9 ! public pap]s2 9 fact1 ,i took x out ( ! newspap] ( t morn+4 ,on ano!r occasion1 out ( f\rte5 c&idates = ! (fice ( ,pr9cipal tea*] ( a boys' ,gramm> s*ool1 f\r def9$ friable z t :i* c be fri$2 sev]al did n "k at all ! mean+ ( hib]nat+1 & "o1 ! successful c&idate1 said x meant relat+ to ,irel&4 ,by successful c&idate1 ,i mean ! "o :o got ! vote ( ! ,directors6 ,?is sob] scrut9y into any "o's k ( ! mean+ ( words 9 common use1 is "o ( ! mo/ reliable te/s ( 8 g5]al intellectual progress & cultivation4 ,x is "o ( ! means by :i* 9 _m city s*ools x is cu/om>y to te/ a c&idate's fitness = promotion4 ,to %[ h[ little p g5]ally1 & ev5 tea*]s1 are aw>e ( ! ext5t to :i* *ildr5 misconceive ! mean+ ( words 9 common use1 ,i h transcrib$ a few examples f an exam9ation ( ! k9d :i* ,i once held4 ,! def9itions :i* ,i am ab\t to quote 7 n ! "w ( oral confusion & ha/e1 b 7 giv5 9 writ+1 9 circum/ances ( entire quietude & ample delib]ation4 ,! av]age age ( ! c&idates1 on ! occasion ref]r$ to1 0 f\rte5 ye>s & t5 mon?s1 & no "o ( !m 0 by law "u ?irte5 ye>s4 ,/ature--,a picture2 ,i saw a /ature ( ,wa%+ton4 ,fabul\s--,full ( ?reads2 ,silk is fabul\s4 ,accession--,! act ( eat+ a great deal2 ,john got v sick aft] d9n] by accession4 ,atonem5t--,a small insect2 ,que5 ,mab 0 pull$ by little atonem5ts4 ,s\nd1 or?odox2 ,!y w5t to ! *ur* ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,auxili>y--,to =m2 ,! g>d5] did auxili>y 8 g>d54 ,+r$i5t--,a native-born2 ,tobacco is an +r$i5t ( ?is c\ntry4 ,fragm5t--,sweetmeats2 ,x 0 a fragm5t4 ,develop--,to swall[ up2 ,god s5t a :ale to develop ,jonah4 ,exotic--,relat+ to a gov]nm5t2 ,"s c\ntries h a v exotic gov]nm5t4 ,patriotic2 ,he 0 exotic 9 ! cause ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,absolute2 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,turkey is exotic4 ,/&+ out2 ,! company 7 exotic4 ,circumf]5ce--,di/ance ?r\gh ! middle4 ,di/ance ar\nd ! middle ( ! outside4 ,call\s--,some?+ :i* _c be effect$2 ,t ,am]ica %\ld ga9 h] indep5d5ce 0 suppos$ to be call\s4 ,mobility--,belong+ to ! p2 ,! mobility ( ,/4 ,l\is has greatly increas$4 ,anomal\s--,p[]ful2 ,8 spee* 0 consid]$ anomal\s4 ,adequate--,a l& animal2 ,an elephant is an adequate4 ,transition--,! act ( transcrib+2 ,! transition ( t book 0 ga9+ gr\nd 9 ! public m9d4 ,greg>i\s--,p]ta9+ to idols2 ,! ,s&wi* ,isl&s wor%ip greg>i\s4 ,p]ta9+ to an oak2 ,! ,druids 7 not$ = _! greg>i\s ex]cises4 ,consi/+ ( gra94 ,grass-eat+4 ,full ( talk4 ,full ( color4 ,prop5sity--,dislike2 ,he _h a prop5sity to /udy4 ,artificially--,belong+ to fl[]s4 ,fluctuation--com+ 9 great numb]s2 ,!re 0 a great fluctuation ( emigrants4 ,sett+ on fire4 ,beat+4 ,odium--,t y h a great tact at any?+2 ,y\r odium is v great4 ,a poison\s h]b4 ,p]ta9+ to song2 ,he 0 an odium writ]4 ,a sweet smell2 ,! odium ( new-m[n hay4 ,transv]se--,to turn ov]2 ,transv]se t bucket & see :at is 9 x4 ,to *ange f v]se2 ,"s writ]s *ange books f transv]se to v]se4 ,to v]se aga92 ,he transv]s$ 8 copy4 ,to spread abroad2 ,!y transv]se ! ,bible4 ,utility--,relat+ to ! soil2 ,! gr\nd x rem>kable = its utility4 ,quadruple--,relat+ to birds2 ,!re 0 a numb] ( quadruple4 ,alt]nate--,n t]nate4 ,m5ace--,a t>e 9 ! fle%2 ,! dog caus$ a m5ace 9 ,john's arm4 ,vital--,relat+ to dea?2 ,vital sp>k ( heav5ly flame4 ,intr9sic--n tr9sic4 ,weak1 feeble2 ,he 0 a v intr9sic old man4 ,subs]vi5t--,"o oppos$ to ! uphold+ ( s]vants4 ,/ubborn2 ,on acc\nt ( ! boy be+ subs]vi5t he 0 turn$ out ( s*ool4 ,p]fidy--,tru/2 n to *eat2 ,su* a man is p]fidy2 t is1 ev]y?+ c be tru/$ to him4 ,accessible2 ,"s p]sons h a great deal ( p]fidy4 ,access--,int]mission2 ,joseph _h access ( 8 tea*] to g into ! room4 ,vic9ity--,9 ! same direction2 ,pek9 is 9 ! vic9ity ( ,philadelphia4 ,subsequ5t--,prec$+2 ,! subsequ5t *apt]4 ,infecti\s--,to make fecti\s4 ,exquisite--,to be 9 a quisitive mann]4 ,to help4 ,to f9d out4 ,talkative4 ,n requir$4 ,m+le--,to te> 9 pieces4 ,d]ide--,to ride d[n4 ,manifold--,made by ! h&4 ,p]ta9+ to man2 ,=give our manifold s9s4 ,i h fail$ entirely 9 ! g5]al drift ( ?is *apt]1 if ,i h n made x obvi\s t ! pr9ciple :i* ,i h be5 attempt+ to illu/rate is "o ( s+ul>ly p]vad+ influ5ce1 & ( mo/ v>i\s & manifold applications4 ,! subject is inde$ em95tly sugge/ive4 ,"o s+le additional l9e ( illu/ration1 h[ev]1 mu/ suffice4 ,i ref] to ! application ( ?is pr9ciple to :at may be call$ ! incid5tals ( tea*+ & tra9+4 ,a *ild1 = in/ance1 %\ld n only spell out ( book1 z x is call$1 b 8 att5tion %\ld by "s means be direct$ to ! way 9 :i* words are spell$4 ,he %\ld be accu/om$ to =m1 z x 71 a m5tal image ( ea* ^w1 to ?9k ( x z hav+ a p>ticul> =m & appe>ance1 s t 8 eye w detect in/antly a want+ or an excresc5t lett]1 j z he sees a w51 a defective limb1 or a di/ort$ feature on ! p]son ( an acqua9tance4 ,only fire 8 "y ambition ) ! aim to spell well1 & quick5 8 att5tion to ! way 9 :i* words are spell$1 & e "t he reads a book he receives incid5tally a lesson 9 spell+4 ,a *ild %\ld h /at$ ex]cises & sy/ematic in/ructions 9 ! art ( read+4 ,b q z mu* improvem5t 9 ?is important & too mu* neglect$ accompli%m5t may be ga9$ by n all[+ *ildr5 at any "t to read 9 an improp] mann]4 ,e demon/ration at ! blackbo>d1 e text or hymn repeat$ f memory1 e recitation 9 ari?metic1 gramm>1 or geography1 e ex]cise ( e k9d 9 :i* ! voice is us$ & words are utt]$1 may be made an incid5tal lesson 9 read+4 ,by be+ nev] all[$ to pron\nce words incorrectly1 to utt] !m 9 a l[ or drawl+ mann]1 or to cr[d & ov]lap !m1 z x 71 "o ^u ! o!r1 ! e> becomes accu/om$ to ! correct s\nds ( ! language1 & imm$iately detects any v>iation f its accu/om$ /&>d4 ,by ?us insi/+1 9 e vocal ex]cise1 ^u ! full & correct pronunciation ( ! elem5t>y s\nds ( ! language1 m may be done to make good read]s & speak]s ?an by all ! pron\nc+ diction>ies & elocution books 9 pr9t4 ,let a *ild by all means take lessons 9 writ+4 ,let him le>n pla9 text1 ,g]man text1 r\nd h&1 runn+ h&1 back h&1 & ! fl\ri%es4 ,b if he is to become rapidly ma/] ( t truly beautiful & mo/ useful accompli%m5t1 let ! tea*] insi/ ^u 8 always att5d+ to 8 mann] ( writ+1 & always writ+ z well z he c4 ,:e!r he writes a composition1 a sket*1 a lett]1 :5ev] = any purpose he puts p5 to pap]1 let him be requir$ to =m ea* lett] di/9ctly1 to write x gracefully1 & to give to 8 ex]cise a neat & elegant appe>ance4 ,tea* him to ?9k ( a crook$ l9e or a blott$ page z ( an unti$ %oe1 or a dirty face4 ,by ?us mak+ e writt5 ex]cise an ex]cise 9 writ+1 8 progress w be increas$ beyond y\r expectations1 & y w soon see him look+ ) pleasure at ! clean & symmetrical =ms :i* fl[ s gracefully f 8 p51 z he goes f l9e to l9e ov] ! virg9 page1 no half-=m$ or mis%ap5 lett]s to emb>rass1 b all 9 e "p z elegantly writt5 z x is easily read4 ,gramm> %\ld no d\bt be taught by text-book & 9 /at$ lessons4 ,! p>ts ( spee*1 ! conjugations & decl5sions1 syntax & p>s+1 mu/ all be sy/ematically conn$1 ! rules & def9itions committ$ to memory1 & ! judgm5t ex]cis$ ^u _! application4 ,at ! same "t e recitation ( a *ild1 z well z all 8 conv]sation1 ought to be made an incid5tal & unconsci\s lesson 9 gramm>4 ,only nev] all[ him to use un*all5g$ an incorrect or ungrammatical expression1 tra9 8 e> to detect & revolt at x1 z at a discordant note 9 music1 let him if possible he> no?+ b /]l+1 hone/ ,engli%1 & he w !n le>n gramm> to "s purpose4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 he is all[$ to recite & to talk 9 :atev] language comes upp]mo/1 & to he> cont9ually ^? ar\nd him recit+ & talk+ 9 a simil> mann]1 he may p>se till he is bl9d )\t le>n+ to speak & write ! ,engli% language correctly4 ,bani% f ! nurs]y1 ! s*ool-room1 & ! play-gr\nd1 incorrect & ungrammatical expressions1 & y d m ?an c be done 9 all o!r ways to pres]ve ! well ( ,engli% undefil$4 ,"y p]sons ne$ sy/ematic in/ructions 9 ! pr9ciples :i* %\ld gov]n _! conduct4 ,!y ne$ n inde$ be tr\bl$ ) ! m ab/ruse que/ions 9 ! !ory ( morals4 ,b ! great obvi\s rules ( duty %\ld be taught !m1 9 a sy/ematic mann]1 by a compet5t in/ructor4 ,b t man w\ld be ?\ght little acqua9t$ ) ! influ5ces :i* g to m\ld & =m ! "*1 :o %\ld suppose ! matt] end$ "h4 ,! doctr9es inculcat$ 9 ! lesson1 mu/ be c>ri$ out & appli$ 9 all ! petty incid5ts ( ! day4 ,n an h\r passes 9 a l>ge family or a s*ool1 )\t an occurr5ce involv+ "s pr9ciple 9 morals4 ,a boy ( mod]ate tal5ts1 not)/&+ all 8 ex]tions1 is eclips$ by "o m gift$1 & he is tempt$ to envy4 ,imag9+ himself aggriev$ or insult$ by 8 fell[s1 he burns = rev5ge4 ,ov]tak5 9 a fault & ?reat5$ ) puni%m5t1 he is tempt$ to lie4 ,misl$ by ! op9ion ( o!rs1 or e/eem+ "s rule ( 8 tea*]s h>% & unnecess>y1 he is incl9$ to disobey4 ,^! & a hundr$ o!r in/ances :i* might be nam$1 w sugge/ to ! ?\ghtful p>5t or tea*] s _m opportunities = giv+ incid5tally ! mo/ important practical in/ruction 9 morals4 ,9 ^! & ! manifold o!r illu/rations :i* might be giv51 ! ess5tial po9t is to quick5 & keep alive ! att5tion4 ,:atev] be ! subject ( /udy1 & :e!r ! in/ructions be direct or incid5tal1 let *ildr5 be pres]v$ f att5d+ to x 9 a sluggi%1 li/less1 indiff]5t mann]4 ,! subject ( /udy1 9 ! case ( "y p]sons1 is (t5 ( less importance ?an ! mann] ( /udy4 ,i h be5 l$ sometimes to d\bt ! value ( _m ( ! inv5tions = facilitat+ ! acquisition ( k by *ildr54 ,t k ! acquisition ( :i* co/s no labor1 w n be likely to make a deep impression1 or to rema9 long ^u ! memory4 ,x is by labor t ! m9d /r5g!ns & gr[s3 & :ile c>e %\ld be tak5 n to ov]task x by ex]tions beyond its /r5g?1 yet let x nev] be =gott5 t m]e occupation ( ! m9d1 ev5 ) useful & prop] objects1 is n ! precise aim ( education4 ,! educator aims1 n to make le>n$ boys1 b able m54 ,to d ?is1 he mu/ tax _! p[]s4 ,he mu/ r\se !m to manly ex]tion4 ,he mu/ tea* !m to ?9k1 to discrim9ate1 to dige/ :at !y h receiv$1 to "w4 ,e day !re mu/ be ! gl[ ( h>d "w1--n ! exhau/ion & languor :i* arise f too protract$ conf9em5t to /udy1--:i* h ! same debilitat+ effect ^u ! m9d t a simil> process has ^u ! body1--b vigor\s & h>dy labor1 su* z wak5s ! m9d f its le?>gy1 summons up ! resolution & ! w1 & puts ! :ole int]nal man into a /ate ( det]m9$ & positive activity4 ,! boy 9 su* a case feels t he is at "w4 ,he feels1 too1 t he is ga9+ some?+ m ?an k4 ,he is ga9+ p[]4 ,he is gr[+ 9 /r5g?4 ,he grapples successfully to-day ) a difficulty t w\ld h /agg]$ him ye/]day4 ,!re is no mi/ak+ ?is process2 & no matt] :at ! subject ( /udy1 ! intellectual developm5t :at x gives1 is wor? inf9itely m ?an all t vague1 float+ k9d ( k sometimes s\ght aft]1 :i* seems to be imbib$ someh[ f ! atmosph]e ( ! s*ool-room1 z x c]ta9ly evaporates ! mom5t a boy ent]s ! atmosph]e ( m5 & ( active life4 ,,xxvii4 ,,ga9+ ,,! ,,att5tion4 ,! tea*] :o fails to get ! att5tion ( 8 s*ol>s1 fails totally4 ,! pupils may p]haps le>n some?+1 because !y may give ! lesson "s /udy at home1 "u ! direction ( _! p>5ts4 ,b !y le>n no?+ f ! tea*]4 ,he is really no tea*]1 ?\gh he may occupy ! tea*]'s seat4 ,!re is1 & !re c be1 no tea*+1 :]e ! att5tion ( ! s*ol> is n secur$4 ,ga9+ ! att5tion is an indisp5sable condition to ! ?+ call$ tea*+4 ,n1 h[ev]1 ! only indisp5sable ?+4 ,we h se5 a class wr\ght by special tricks & devices to ! highe/ pit* ( excit$ att5tion1--fairly pant+ ) eag]ness1 all eyes & e>s1 on ! v tiptoe ( ar\s$ m5tal activity1--yet le>n+ no?+4 ,! tea*] _h ! knack ( /irr+ !m up & la%+ !m into a half fr5zy ( excit$ expectation1 )\t hav+ any sub/antial k :]e) to rew>d _! eag]ness4 ,) all 8 "o-sid$ skill1 he 0 b a m\ntebank4 ,to real1 successful tea*+1 !re mu/ be ^! two ?+s1 namely1 ! ability to hold ! m9ds ( ! *ildr51 & ! ability to p\r into ! m9ds ?us pres5t$ s\nd & seasonable in/ruction4 ,lack+ ! latt] ability1 y\r pupil goes away ) 8 vessel unfill$4 ,lack+ ! =m]1 y only p\r wat] ^u ! gr\nd4 ,h[ %all ! tea*] secure att5tion8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 let him make up 8 m9d t he w h x4 ,?is is half ! battle4 ,let him settle x ) himself1 t until he does ?is1 he is do+ no?+2 t )\t ! att5tion ( 8 s*ol>s1 he is no m a tea*]1 ?an is ! *air he occupies4 ,if he is n plus1 he is z]o1 if n actually m9us4 ,) ?is tru? fully realiz$1 he w come be=e 8 class resolv$ to h a he>+2 & ?is v resolution1 writt5 z x w be all ov] him1 w h its effect ^u 8 s*ol>s4 ,*ildr5 are quick to disc]n ! m5tal attitude ( a tea*]4 ,!y "k1 z if by in/9ct1 :e!r he is 9 e>ne/ or n1 & 9 all ord9>y cases !y yield )\t dispute to a claim ?us resolutely put4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! fir/ duty ( ! tea*] 9 ?is matt]4 ,he mu/ g to 8 class ) ! resolute det]m9ation ( mak+ e s*ol> feel 8 pres5ce all ! "t4 ,! mom5t any s*ol> %[s t ! consci\sness ( 8 tea*]'s pres5ce is n on 8 m9d1 z a re/ra9+ p[]1 some?+ is wrong4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds produc+ t consci\sness1 z an abid+ influ5ce on ! m9ds ( ! s*ol>s1 is = ! tea*] to det]m9e 9 8 own m9d & br+ x ab\t4 ,)\t be+ arrogant1 )\t be+ dictatorial1 )\t be+ or do+ any?+ t is disagreeable or unbecom+1 he mu/ yet make up 8 m9d to put =? 9 ! class a di/9ct p[] ( self-ass]tion4 ,he mu/ det]m9e to make !m feel t he is !re1 t he is !re all ! "t1 t he is !re to e "o ( !m4 ,9 ! next place1 ! tea*] mu/ n disappo9t ! att5tion :i* 8 mann] has *all5g$4 ,he mu/ h some?+ valuable to communicate to ! expectant m9ds be=e him4 ,he mu/ be ?or\ghly prep>$ 9 ! lesson1 s t ! pupils %all feel t !y are le>n+ f him4 ,8 lips mu/ keep k4 ,! human he>t ?ir/s = k4 ,?is is "o ( its natural in/9cts4 ,x is inde$ (t5 mu* p]v]t$1 & _m are to be f\nd :o ev5 %[ av]sion to be+ in/ruct$4 ,yet ! normal condition ( ?+s is o!rwise1 & no?+ is m common ?an to see *ildr5 hang+ ) fondness ar\nd any "o :o has some?+ to tell !m4 ,let ! tea*] !n be sure to h some?+ to say1 z well z det]m9$ to say x4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ! tea*] mu/ h 8 k p]fectly at comm&4 ,x mu/ be on ! tip ( 8 tongue4 ,if he hesitates1 & /ops to ?9k1 or to look 9 8 book = ! purpose ( hunt+ up :at he has to tell !m1 he w be v apt to lose 8 *ance4 ,tea*+ *ildr51 p>ticul>ly "y *ildr51 is l %oot+ birds on ! w+4 ,! mom5t y\r bird is 9 sight1 y mu/ fire4 ,! mom5t y h ! *ild's eye1 be ready to speak4 ,?is read9ess ( utt]ance is a matt] to be cultivat$4 ,! ripe/ s*ol>s are (t5 sadly defici5t 9 x4 ,! v habit ( pr(\nd /udy is apt to induce ! opposite quality to read9ess4 ,a tea*] :o is consci\s ( ?is defect1 mu/ resolutely set himself to resi/ x & ov]come x4 ,he c d s1 if he w4 ,b x requires resolution & practice4 ,9 ! f\r? place1 ! tea*] mu/ place himself s t e pupil 9 ! class is )9 ! range ( 8 vision4 ,x is n uncommon to see a tea*] press+ close up to ! s*ol>s 9 ! c5tre ( ! class1 s t ^? at ! "r & left ends are out ( 8 sight2 or if he turns 8 face to ^? on "o side1 he at ! same "t turns 8 back to ^? on ! o!r4 ,always sit or /& :]e y c all ! :ile see ! face ( e pupil4 ,i h1 hundr$s ( times1 se5 ! :ole "* ( ! in/ruction & discipl9e ( a class *ang$ by ! obs]vance ( ?is simple rule4 ,ano!r rule is to use y\r eyes q z mu* z y\r tongue4 ,if y want y\r class to look at y1 y mu/ look at !m4 ,! eye has a magic p[]4 ,x w9s1 x fasc9ates1 x guides1 x rew>ds1 x puni%es1 x controls4 ,y mu/ le>n h[ to see e *ild all ! "t4 ,"s tea*]s seem to be able to see only "o s*ol> at a "t4 ,?is w nev] d4 ,:ile y are giv+ ?is absorb$1 undivid$ att5tion to "o1 all ! re/ are runn+ wild4 ,nei!r w x d = ! tea*] to be look+ ab\t mu*1 to see :at is go+ on among ! o!r classes 9 ! room4 ,y\r s*ol>s' eyes w be v apt to foll[ y\rs4 ,y are ! eng9e]1 !y are ! pass5g]s4 ,if y run (f ! track1 !y mu/ d likewise4 ,nor mu/ y\r eye be occupi$ ) ! book1 hunt+ up "q & answ]1 nor dropp$ to ! floor 9 excessive mode/y4 ,all ! p[] ( see+ t y h is ne$$ = look+ e>ne/ly1 lov+ly1 )\t int]ruption1 into ! faces & eyes ( y\r pupils4 ,b = ! obs]vance ( ?is rule1 ano!r is indisp5sable4 ,y mu/ le>n to tea* )\t book4 ,p]haps y _c d ?is absolutely4 ,b ! ne>] y c approa* to x1 ! bett]4 ,?or\gh prep>ation1 ( c\rse1 is ! secret ( ?is p[]4 ,"s tea*]s ?9k !y h prep>$ a lesson :5 !y h gone ov] x once1 & /udi$ out all ! answ]s4 ,!re c\ld n be a great] mi/ake4 ,?is is only ! fir/ /ep 9 ! prep>ation4 ,y might z well ?9k t y h le>n$ ! ,multiplication ,table1 & are prep>$ to tea* x1 :5 y h gone ov] x once & se5 by actual c\nt t ! figures are all "r1 & y "k :]e to put y\r f+] on !m :5 requir$4 ,y are prep>$ to tea* a lesson :5 y h all ! facts & ideas 9 x at y\r tongue's end1 s t y c g ?r\gh !m all1 9 prop] ord]1 )\t once ref]r+ to ! book4 ,any prep>ation %ort ( ?is w n d1 if y want to comm& att5tion4 ,once prep>e a lesson 9 ?is way1 & x w give y su* fre$om 9 ! art ( tea*+1 & y w exp]i5ce su* a pleasure 9 x1 t y w nev] want to relapse into ! old indol5t habit4 ,,xxviii4 ,,c\nsels4 99 99 99 99 99 #a4 ,to a ,"y ,tea*]4 ,y are ab\t to assume ! *>ge ( a class 9 ! s*ool "u my c>e4 ,all[ me1 9 a _s ( frankness1 to make to y a brief /atem5t ( "s ( ! aims ( ! in/itution1 & ( ! pr9ciples by :i* we are guid$ 9 _! prosecution4 #a4 ,unless ! ,"l build ! h\se1 !y labor 9 va9 t build x4 ,i h no pr(essional conviction m fix$ & abid+ ?an ?is1 t no p]sons m ne$ ! direct1 special1 cont9ual guidance ( ! ,holy ,_s ?an ^? :o und]take to m\ld & discipl9e ! y\?ful m9d4 ,no prep>ation = ?is (fice is complete :i* does n include dev\t pray] = t wisdom :i* come? f above4 ,if any "o possession1 m ?an ano!r1 is ! direct gift ( ! ,almighty1 x w\ld seem to be t ( k4 ,! tea*]1 !re=e1 ( all m51 is call$ ^u to look upw>ds to a s\rce t is high] ?an himself4 ,he ne$s light 9 8 own m9d2 he %\ld n c\nt x missp5t labor to ask = light to be giv5 to ! m9ds ( 8 s*ol>s4 ,!re is a ,tea*] inf9itely wis] & m skilful ?an any human tea*]4 ,! in/ructor mu/ be /rangely bl9d to ! res\rces ( 8 pr(ession1 :o fails to resort habitually to t great1 pl5>y1 unb\nd$ s\rce ( light & k4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 we aim 9 ?is s*ool to pr(it by all subsidi>y & subord9ate me?ods & improvem5ts 9 ! art ( tea*+1 we fir/ ( all seek ! aid ( our ,heav5ly ,fa!r2 we ask wisdom ( ,him :o give? lib]ally & upbraide? n4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! fir/ pr9ciple t gov]ns u 9 ! "w "h assign$ u4 ,! fe> ( ,god is ! beg9n+ ( k4 ,we :o are tea*]s endeavor to %[ t we ourselves fe> ,god1 & we inculcate ! fe> ( ,him z ! fir/ & highe/ duty ( our s*ol>s2 & 9 e plan & ef=t to guide ! "y m9ds committ$ to u1 we ourselves look = guidance to ! only un]r+ s\rce ( light4 #b4 ,9 proportion to ! implicitness ) :i* we rely ^u div9e aid1 %\ld be ! dilig5ce ) :i* we use all ! human means )9 our rea*4 ,x %\ld !re=e1 9 ! second place1 be ! aim ( ! tea*]s ( ?is s*ool to acqua9t !mselves dilig5tly ) ! mo/ approv$ me?ods ( tea*+4 ,no tea*]s w be reta9$ :o d n keep !mselves well po/$ 9 ! lit]ature ( _! pr(ession1 & :o are n f\nd cont9ually aim+ at self-improvem5t4 ,9 :atev] s*ool ( :atev] c\ntry1 any bran* is taught by bett] me?ods ?an ^? practis$ "h1 x %\ld be ! duty ( a tea*] 9 ?is s*ool to se>* x out1 & to pr(it by ! discov]y4 ,improvem5t comes by comp>ison4 ,! man1 or ! in/itution1 t fails to pr(it by ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 is n wise4 ,i hold x to be ! duty ( e tea*] ( ?is s*ool to be habitually conv]sant ) ! educational j\rnals ( ! day1 & ) ! /&>d works on ! !ory ( tea*+1 & to lose no opportunity = p]sonal obs]vation ( ! me?ods ( o!rs4 ,i h (t5 notic$1 ) equal pa9 & commis]ation1 t "y tea*]s1 aft] hav+ once f9i%$ _! prelim9>y /udies & obta9$ a situation1 are !reupon app>5tly q cont5t1 mak+ no fur!r ef=t at improvem5t1 b settl+ d[n = life 9 an +lori\s m$iocrity4 ,! be/ tea*]s 9 ?is s*ool are expect$ to be bett] tea*]s next ye> ?an !y are n[1--) ampl] /ores ( k1 & a happi] faculty = communicat+ x4 ,?is1 !n1 is our second aim 9 ?is s*ool4 ,we aim to h tea*]s ?or\ghly po/$ 9 reg>d to ! !ory & ! me?ods ( tea*+1 prep>$ to ride ^u ! advance wave ( e real improvem5t 9 ! art4 #c4 ,i %\ld1 h[ev]1 fail entirely to convey my mean+1 7 ,i to lead y to suppose t we expect to accompli% our ends ma9ly by f9e-spun !ories4 ,i h no fai? 9 any !ory ( education1 :i* does n include1 z "o ( its lead+ elem5ts1 h>d "w4 ,! tea*]s ( ?is s*ool expect to "w h>d1 & we expect ! s*ol>s to "w h>d4 ,we h no royal road to le>n+4 ,any k1 ! acquisition ( :i* co/s no?+1 is usually wor? no?+4 ,! m9d1 equally ) ! body1 gr[s by labor4 ,if "s /uff+ process c\ld be inv5t$1 by :i* k c\ld be =c$ into a m9d p]fectly passive1 ! k s acquir$ w\ld be wor?less to its possessor1 & w\ld soon pass away1 leav+ ! m9d z blank z x 0 be=e4 ,k1 to be ( any value1 mu/ be assimilat$1 z bodily food is4 ,tea*+ is ess5tially a co-op]ative act4 ,! m9d ( ! tea*] & ! m9d ( ! s*ol> mu/ bo? act1 & mu/ act toge!r1 9 intellectual co-op]ation & sympa?y1 if !re is to be any true m5tal gr[?4 ,tea*+ is n m]ely he>+ lessons4 ,x is n m]e talk+4 ,x is some?+ m ?an m]e tell+4 ,x is caus+ a *ild to "k4 ,x is awak5+ att5tion1 & !n satisfy+ x4 ,x is an out-&-out live process4 ,! mom5t ! m9d ( ! tea*] or ! m9d ( ! s*ol> flags1 real tea*+ ceases4 ,?is1 !n1 is our ?ird aim4 ,we aim 9 ?is s*ool to accompli% results1 n by fanciful !ories1 b by bona fide h>d "w1--by keep+ tea*]s & s*ol>s1 :ile at _! /udies1 wide awake & full ( life2 n by exhau/+ drudg]y1 nor by fitful1 irregul>1 spasmodic ex]tions1 b by /eady1 p]sev]+1 animat$1 /raight-=w>d "w4 #d4 ,a f\r? aim :i* we h /eadily be=e u1 is to make ?or\gh "w ( :atev] acquisition we attempt4 ,a little k1 well le>n$ & truly dige/$1 & made a "p ( ! pupil's own intellectual /ores1 is wor? m to him ?an any am\nt ( facts loosely & indiscrim9ately br\ght toge!r4 ,9 intellectual1 z 9 o!r tillage1 ! true secret ( ?rift is to pl\gh deep1 n to skim ov] a l>ge surface4 ,! prevail+ t5d5cy at ?is "t1 9 sy/ems ( education1 is unduly to multiply /udies4 ,s _m new sci5ces are be+ br\ght )9 ! pale ( popul> k1 t x is no long] possible1 9 a s*ool l ?is1 to embrace )9 its c\rse ( /udy all ! subjects :i* x is practicable & desirable = p g5]ally to "k4 ,?r\gh ! :ole encyclopdia ( arts & sci5ces1 !re is h>dly "o :i* has n its advocates1 & :i* has n /rong claims to recognition4 ,! tea*] is simply infatuat$ :o attempts to embrace !m all 9 8 curriculum4 ,he !reby puts himself "u an absolute necessity ( be+ sup]ficial1 & he g5]ates 9 8 s*ol>s pret5sion & conceit4 ,old ,james ,ross1 ! gramm>ian1 fam\s z a tea*] 9 ,philadelphia m ?an half a c5tury ago1 _h on 8 sign simply ^! words1 ,greek & ,lat9 taught "h4 ,assur$ly ,i w\ld n advocate q s rigid an exclusion z t1 nor1 if limit$ to only two /udies1 w\ld x be ^?4 ,b ,i h (t5 ?\ght ,mr4 ,ross's adv]tisem5t sugge/ive4 ,bett] ev5 t extreme ?an ! encyclopdic sy/em :i* figures s l>gely on "s circul>s4 ,mr4 ,ross inde$ taught no?+ b ,lat9 & ,greek4 ,b he taught ^! languages bett] probably ?an !y h ev] be5 taught on ?is cont95t2 & any two bran*es ?or\ghly ma/]$ are ( m s]vice to ! pupil ?an tw5ty bran*es kn[n imp]fectly & sup]ficially4 ,a limit$ field1 !n1 & ?or\gh "w4 ,?is is our f\r? aim4 #e4 ,z a fif? aim1 we endeavor1 9 ! selection ( subjects ( /udy1 n to all[ ! common ,engli% bran*es1 z !y are call$1 to be %ov$ aside4 ,to read well1 to write a good h&1 to be exp]t 9 ari?metic1 to h su* a k ( geography & hi/ory z to read intellig5tly :at is go+ on & ! _w1 to h su* a k ( "o's own language z to use x correctly & purely 9 speak+ & composition1--^! are atta9m5ts to be po/pon$ to no o!rs4 ,^! are po9ts ( prim>y importance1 to be aim$ at by e "o1 :atev] else he may omit4 #f4 ,we aim1 9 ! six? place1 to m>k ! successive p>ts ( ! c\rse ( /udy by well def9$ limits4 ,!re are 9 ! c\rse ( /udy successive /ages ( progress1 & ^! /ages are made z cle> & precise z x is possible to make !m2 & no pupil is all[$ to g =w>d until ! gr\nd beh9d is ?or\ghly ma/]$4 ,at ! same "t1 ^! /ages 9 /udy %\ld be kept all ! :ile be=e ! m9ds ( ! pupils z goals to be aim$ at4 ,!re are1 = ?is purpose1 at briefly recurr+ int]vals1 exam9ations = promotion4 ,:ile no pupil is p]mitt$ to g =w>d1 except z ! result ( a rigor\s exam9ation1 ! idea ( an advance %\ld1 if possible1 nev] be all[$ to be abs5t f 8 ?\ghts4 ,t s*ol> %\ld be c\nt$ wor?y ( highe/ honor1 n :o /&s highe/ 9 a p>ticul> room1 b :o by successful exam9ations c pass mo/ rapidly f room to room4 ,t tea*] is consid]$ mo/ successful1 n :o reta9s mo/ pupils1 b :o 9 a giv5 "t pu%es mo/ pupils =w>d into a high] room4 ,we want no s*ol> to /& /ill = a s+le week4 ,motion1 progress1 def9ite a*ievem5t1 mu/ be ! ord] ( ! day4 #g4 ,we aim1 9 ! sev5? place1 to cultivate 9 e pupil a habit ( att5tion & obs]vation4 ,y\? is ! "t :5 ! s5ses %\ld be mo/ assidu\sly tra9$4 ,! "y %\ld be taught to see = !mselves1 to asc]ta9 ! qualities ( objects by ! use ( _! own eyes & h&s1 to notice :e!r a ?+ is di/ant & h[ f> di/ant x is1 :e!r x is heavy & h[ heavy1 :e!r x has color & :at color1 :e!r x has =m & :at =m4 ,!y %\ld le>n to /udy real ?+s by actually notic+ !m ) _! own s5ses1 & !n le>n+ to apply ! "r words to ! k s acquir$4 ,we aim to apply ?is habit ( obs]vation 9 all ! bran*es ( /udy1 s t 9 e /age ( progress ! s*ol> %all "k1 n m]ely ! names ( ?+s1 b ! ?+s !mselves4 ,9 o!r words1 we w\ld cultivate real1 z well z v]bal k1 & aim to awak5 9 e pupil an active1 inquir+1 obs]vant /ate ( m9d4 99 99 99 99 99 #b4 ,to a ,new ,pupil4 ,y h j be5 admitt$ to ! privileges ( ?is in/itution1 & are ab\t to ent] "h ^u a c\rse ( /udy4 ,! occasion is "o em95tly suit$ = s]i\s reflection4 ,at ! close ( a s*ool c>e] x is difficult n to reflect4 ,?\ghts ^u "o's c\rse w1 at su* a "t1 =ce !mselves ^u u4 ,b !n x is too late4 ,! good we might h a*iev$1 is beyond our grasp1 & its contemplation is pr(itable only z a legitimate topic ( contrition4 ,h[ mu* wis] & m pr(itable to anticipate ! s]i\s judgm5t :i* soon] or lat] we mu/ pass ^u our actions1 & s to %ape our conduct 9 advance1 t ! retrospect1 :5 x comes1 may be a s\rce ( joy & congratulation1 r ?an ( %ame & rep5tance4 ,h[ mu* wis] to direct our b>k to "s def9ite & well select$ *annel1 ?an to float at r&om along ! curr5t ( ev5ts1 ! sport ( e idle wave4 ,m5 are divid$ into two classes1--^? :o control _! own de/9y1 do+ :at !y mean to d1 liv+ accord+ to a plan :i* !y pref] & prep>e1 & ^? :o are controll$ by circum/ances1 :o h a vague purpose ( do+ some?+ or be+ somebody 9 ! _w1 b leave ! means to *ance4 ,! season ( y\? g5]ally det]m9es to :i* ( ^! classes y w ultimately belong4 ,x is "h1 at s*ool1 t y decide :e!r1 :5 y come to man's e/ate1 y w be a gov]n+ man1 or :e!r y w be a m]e aimless drivell]4 ,^? :o at ! beg9n+ ( a c\rse 9 s*ool make to !mselves a di/9ct aim1 t[>ds :i* day aft] day !y "w _! c\rse1 undisc\rag$ by defeat1 uns$uc$ by ease or ! temptation ( a tempor>y pleasure1 n only w9 ! imm$iate objects ( pursuit1 b ga9 = !mselves ^? habits ( aim+1 ( p]sev]ance1 ( self-control1 :i* w make !m h]eaft] controll+ & gov]n+ m54 ,^?1 on ! contr>y1 :o ent] ^u an academic c>e] ) an indef9ite purpose ( /udy+ aft] a fa%ion1 :5ev] x is n too hot1 or too cold1 or ! lessons are n too h>d1 or !re is no?+ special go+ on to di/ract ! att5tion1 or :o are cont5t to swim along lazily ) ! multitude1 tru/+ to ! good-nature ( ! tea*]1 to an occasional deception1 or to ! g5]al *apt] ( accid5ts1 = escape f c5sure1 & = su* an am\nt ( pr(ici5cy z on ! :ole w pass mu/] ) fri5ds or ! public1--dep5d ^u x1 su* y\?s are doom$1 inevitably doom$1 all _! days1 to be nobodies1 or worse4 ,let me1 !n1 my "y fri5d1 z prelim9>y to y\r ent]+ ^u ! duties be=e y1 call to y\r m9d "s ( ^? ?+s1 :i*1 z an intellig5t & responsible be+1 y %\ld delib]ately aim to foll[ or to avoid :ile 9 ?is s*ool4 ,9 ! c\nsels :i* ,i am go+ to give y1 ,i %all make no attempt to say :at is new or /rik+4 ,my aim w be r to recall to y\r memory "s few ( ^? famili> maxims1 9 :i* y h be51 ,i d>e say1 (t5 in/ruct$ else:]e4 #a4 ,fir/ ( all1 rememb] t m5 always1 by a necess>y law1 fall bel[ ! po9t at :i* !y aim4 ,y well und]/& t if a projectile be hurl$ 9 ! direct l9e ( any elevat$ object1 ! =ce ( gravity w cause ! projectile to deflect f ! l9e ( direction1 & ?is deflection & curvature w be great 9 proportion to ! di/ance ( ! object to be rea*$4 ,h5ce1 9 gunn]y1 ! skilful m>ksman inv>iably takes aim above ! po9t :i* he expects to hit4 ,at c]ta9 di/ances1 he w aim #de above ! horizon at :at is really b #cj above x4 ,s1 9 moral subjects1 !re is un=tunately a native & univ]sal t5d5cy d[nw>ds1 :i* deflects u out ( ! l9e 9 :i* good resolutions w\ld propel u4 ,y aim to be di/+ui%$1 & y turn out only m]itori\s4 ,y aim to be m]itori\s1 & y fall into ! multitude4 ,y are cont5t ) be+ ( ! multitude1 & y fall out ( y\r class entirely4 ,s also1 z 9 physical projectiles1 ! ext5t ( y\r dep>ture f ! "r l9e is measur$ by ! di/ance ( ! objects at :i* y aim4 ,y resolve to avoid absolutely & entirely c]ta9 practices = a day or a week1 & y c p]haps keep v close to ! m>k4 ,b :o c hold himself up to an exact fulfilm5t ( 8 int5tions = a :ole t]m8 ,i d n wi% to disc\rage y4 ,! drift ( my argum5t is1 n t y %\ld make no aim1 b t y %\ld fix y\r aim high1 & t y %\ld !n keep y\rself up to y\r good resolutions1 z long & z closely z y possibly c4 #b4 ,9 ! next place1 rememb] t no excell5ce is ev] atta9$ )\t self-d5ial4 ,wisdom's ways are inde$ ways ( pleasantness4 ,! satisfaction ( hav+ done well & nobly is ( a c]ta9 ravi%+ k9d1 f> surpass+ o!r enjoym5ts4 ,b to obta9 ?is high & satisfy+ pleasure1 _m m9or & incompatible pleasures mu/ be =egone4 ,y _c h ! pleasure ( be+ a fir/-rate s*ol>1 & at ! same "t h y\r full sw+ ( fun4 ,i am n oppos$ to fun4 ,i l x myself4 ,no "o enjoys x m4 ,nor d ,i ?9k ! ex]cise & enjoym5t ( x incompatible ) ! highe/ s*ola/ic excell5ce4 ,b !re is a place = all ?+s1 & s*ool is n ! place = fun4 ,if y enjoy 9 mod]ation out ( s*ool ! relaxation & refre%m5t :i* jokes1 wit1 & pleasantry give1 y w be all ! m likely to grapple successfully ) ! s]i\s employm5ts :i* await y "h4 ,/ill d n =get t y\r employm5ts "h are s]i\s4 ,/udy is a sob] bus9ess4 ,if y w\ld acquire really useful k1 y mu/ be will+ to "w4 ,y mu/ make up y\r m9d to say no to ! ?\s& opportunities & temptations to frivol\s behavior t w beset y 9 s*ool4 ,y mu/ n be cont5t ) be+ /udi\s & ord]ly m]ely :5 ! eye ( au?ority is ^u y4 ,?is is to be simply an eye-s]vant & a hypocrite4 ,to h a little pleasantry 9 ! s*ool-room1 to p]petrate or to jo9 9 "s witty practical joke1 may seem to y comp>atively h>mless4 ,s x w\ld be b = its exp5se4 ,y buy x at ! co/ ( b5efits :i* no money c measure1 & no future "t c replace4 ,!re are seasons ( ! ye> :5 ! f>m] may indulge 9 relaxation1--may g abroad on excursions ( pleasure1 or may saunt] away ! "t 9 comp>ative idl5ess at home4 ,b 9 ! few preci\s weeks ( se$time1 e day1 e h\r is ( mom5t4 ,?is is y\r se$time4 ,e h\r ( s*ool-"t t y wa/e 9 trifl+ is an injury & a loss to y\r future4 ,rememb]1 !n1 t y _c rea* high excell5ce 9 s*ool1 or t pure & noble enjoym5t1 :i* is its exce$+ great rew>d1 )\t self-d5ial4 ,resolve1 !re=e1 "h & n[1 /eadfa/ly1 immovably1 to say no to ev]y?+ 9 s*ool1 no matt] h[ innoc5t 9 itself1 :i* %all int]f]e ) ! progress ( /udy = a s+le mom5t4 ,if y make su* a fix$ resolution1 & live up to x1 y w soon be surpris$ to f9d h[ easy & pleasant ! discipl9e ( s*ool has become4 #c4 ,among ! mis*iev\s fallacies ( "y p]sons at s*ool1 ,i "k none t "w m to _! own disadvantage ?an ! op9ion t a p>ticul> tea*] is prejudic$ aga9/ !m4 ,aga9/ ?is feel+ x seems impossible to reason4 ,:5 once s*ol>s h x fairly 9 _! heads t a c]ta9 tea*] is p>tial1 9 :atev] relates to _! /&+1 ,i h be5 almo/ =c$ to ! conclusion t x is be/ n to attempt reason+ ) !m4 ,"u su* feel+s1 inde$1 by a s+ul> freak ( human nature1 s*ol>s are (t5 driv5 to d1 9 %e] bravado or defiance1 ! v ?+s :i* !y imag9e to be unju/ly imput$ to !m4 ,all[ me1 my "y fri5d1 to ask y c&idly & 9 all s]i\sness to turn ?is matt] ov] 9 y\r own m9d4 ,:at adequate motive c y imag9e = a tea*]'s m>k+ y o!rwise ?an imp>tially8 ,e tea*] has an int]e/ 9 hav+ z _m high m>ks & z few dem]its "u 8 signature z possible4 ,x is n to 8 cr$it t he %\ld be unable to ma9ta9 ord] )\t black5+ 8 roll ) bad m>ks4 ,a class roll fill$ ) #j's is n ! k9d ( evid5ce a tea*] covets z to 8 skill 9 tea*+4 ,notice ! int]c\rse betwe5 ! tea*]s & ^? s*ol>s :o are admitt$ on all h&s to be /rictly & consci5ti\sly correct 9 _! behavior4 ,see :at a pleasure x af=ds ! in/ructor to h to deal ) su* pupils4 ,see :at a satisfaction ! tea*] exp]i5ces :51 at ! close ( ! day1 !re is n a dem]it m>k on 8 book4 ,judge1 !n1 :e!r x is n likely to be a self-d5ial & a cross to him1 :5 a s5se ( duty compels him to d o!rwise4 ,be sl[1 !re=e1 to impute bad m>ks to inju/ice1 or ill nature4 ,no man ( c\rse is infallible1 & tea*]s make mi/akes z well z o!r p4 ,b ! temptations to d int5tional wrong are1 9 ?is case1 all ! o!r way4 #d4 ,closely connect$ ) ! habit j m5tion$ is ! disposition to neglect p>ticul> bran*es ( /udy4 ,f dislik+ a tea*]1 ! transition is easy to a dislike = 8 dep>tm5t4 ,o!rs aga91 )\t any p]sonal feel+ 9 ! case1 ?9k t !y h a natural fitness = "o class ( /udies1 & an equally natural un-fitness = ano!r class4 ,s !y cont5t !mselves ) pr(ici5cy 9 t 9 :i* !y already excel1 & neglect t 9 :i* !y are defici5t1 & :i* !re=e !y f9d difficult4 ,is ?is wise8 ,! bran*es :i* y f9d difficult1 are precisely ^? 9 :i* y ne$ an in/ructor4 ,besides1 ! object ( education is to develop equally & h>moni\sly all y\r faculties4 ,if ! memory1 ! reason+ faculty1 ! imag9ation1 or any "o p[] ( ! m9d1 is active f> beyond ! o!r p[]s1 t surely is no reason = giv+ additional /imulus & gr[? 9 t direction4 ,on ! contr>y1 b5d y\r ma9 en]gies t[>ds br++ =w>d y\r o!r faculties to an equal developm5t4 ,if y h a natural or acquir$ pref]5ce = ma!matics1 & a dislike = languages1 ! =m] /udy w take c>e ( itself3 b5d all y\r en]gies to ! latt]4 ,s1 if languages are y\r *oice1 & ma!matical /udy y\r av]sion1 take hold ( ! odi\s task ) /eady & /urdy endeavor1 & y w soon conv]t x into a pleasure4 ,! same is true ( gramm>1 ( geography1 ( hi/ory1 ( composition1 ( rhetoric1 ( m5tal & moral sci5ce1 ( elocution1--( e bran*4 ,if y are wise1 y w give y\r *ief att5tion 9 s*ool to ^? bran*es = :i* y feel ! lea/ incl9ation1 & 9 :i* y f9d x mo/ difficult to excel4 ,y %\ld d s1 because1 9 ! fir/ place1 ?is failure & dis9cl9ation1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 gr[ out ( defective tra9+ h]et(ore1 & n f any defect 9 y\r m5tal con/itution2 &1 secondly1 if y\r natural con/itution %\ld be1 z 9 "s cases x is1 "o-sid$ & exceptional1 y\r aim %\ld be to correct & cure1 n to aggravate1 ! defects ( nature4 ,?is advice1 y w obs]ve1 relates to y\r c\rse 9 s*ool1 n to y\r *oice ( a pr(ession 9 life4 ,:5 y\r c>e] 9 s*ool is f9i%$1 & y are ab\t to select a pr(ession1 foll[ by all means ! b5t ( y\r g5ius4 ,d t = :i* y h ! greate/ natural or acquir$ aptitude4 ,b "h1 ! case is diff]5t4 ,y\r aim 9 s*ool is to develop y\r p[]s1--to gr[ into an accompli%$ & capable man1--to acquire complete comm& ( all ! m5tal res\rces ,god has giv5 y4 #e4 ,!re is a practice1 common to s*ool-life ev]y:]e1 kn[n by ! n v dignifi$ "n ( *eat+4 ,!re is1 ,i fe>1 among "y p g5]ally1 :ile at s*ool1 an errone\s & mis*iev\s /ate ( op9ion on ?is subject4 ,deception 9 reg>d to y\r lessons is n view$1 z x %\ld be1 9 ! light ( a s]i\s moral del9qu5cy4 ,an +5u\s y\?1 :o w\ld scorn to /eal1 & scorn to lie any:]e else ?an at s*ool1 makes no scruple to deceive a tea*]4 ,is hone/y a ?+ ( place & "t8 ,i d n say1 ,i w\ld n tru/ at my money-draw] ! boy :o has be5 *eat+ at 8 lessons1 because a boy may h be5 l$ into ! latt] del9qu5cy by a false notion ( "r1 :i* z yet has n affect$ 8 integrity 9 matt]s ( bus9ess4 ,b ?is ,i d say4 ,*eat+ at s*ool blunts ! moral s5se2 x impairs ! s5se ( p]sonal honor2 x breaks d[n ! outworks ( integrity2 x leads by direct & easy /eps to t gross] *eat+ :i* ends 9 ! p5it5ti>y4 ,on ?is subject1 ,i once _h a mo/ pa9ful exp]i5ce4 ,a boy left s*ool ) z fair a "* = hone/y z _m o!rs aga9/ :om no?+ c be said except t !y d sometimes practise deceit 9 reg>d to _! lessons4 ,i really believ$ him to be an hone/ boy1 & recomm5d$ him z su*4 ,by means ( ! recomm5dation1 he obta9$ 9 a l>ge /ore a responsible po/ connect$ ) ! receipt & paym5t ( money4 ,8 employ] 0 pleas$ ) 8 abilities1 & dispos$ to give him rapid promotion4 ,aft] a few mon?s1 ,i inquir$ aft] him1 & f\nd t he _h be5 detect$ 9 =c+ 8 balances6 ,i d v]ily believe1 ! di%one/ purpose1 :i* l$ to ?is pecuni>y fraud1 grew directly out ( a facility at deception acquir$ at s*ool4 ,he _h *eat$ 8 tea*]2 he _h *eat$ 8 fa!r2 he _h obta9$ a fictiti\s av]age2 he _h ga9$ a /&+ & cr$it 9 s*ool n ju/ly 8 due2 :y %\ld he n ex]cise ! same +5uity 9 improv+ 8 pecuni>y res\rces8 ,indep5d5tly ( ! moral effect ( ^! deceptive practices ^u y\r own "*1 is !re n 9 ! acts !mselves an inh]5t meanness & bas5ess1 f :i* a pure-m9d$ y\? w\ld in/9ctively recoil8 ,is !re n some?+ false & rott5 9 ! prevail+ s5tim5t on ?is subject among "y p]sons at s*ool8 ,:5 by "s conv5i5t fiction y rea* a high] /&>d ?an y\r m]its entitle y to1 is x n s f> =? at ! exp5se ( "s m consci5ti\s competitor8 ,&1 aft] all1 :5 y deceive a tea*] into ! belief t y are /udy+ :5 y are n1 t y "k a ?+ :5 y d n "k x1 t y wrote a composition1 or execut$ a draw+1 :i* 0 done by "s "o else1--:om d y *eat b y\rself8 ,y may deceive ! tea*]1 b ! loss is y\rs4 #f4 ,if !re c\ld be su* a ?+ z an innoc5t crime1 ,i w\ld say x 0 t ( talk+ 9 s*ool4 ,!re c h>dly be nam$ a m signal in/ance ( an act s p]fectly innoc5t 9 itself1 becom+ s s]i\sly blame-wor?y purely & solely by circum/ances4 ,i believe ,i express ! common op9ion ( all :o h _h any exp]i5ce 9 ! matt]1 :5 ,i say t ?ree f\r?s ( all ! int5tional disord]1 & at lea/ n9e t5?s ( all ! actual int]ruptions to /udy1 gr[ out ( ! practice ( unlic5s$ talk+4 ,& yet ?is is ! v la/ ?+ :i* "y p]sons w admit into _! s]i\s1 practical convictions z be+ an evil & a wrong4 ,!y may admit t !y get bad m>ks by x2 t x br+s !m into tr\ble2 b t x is really an evil1 m]it+ ! /rictures ) :i* ! tea*] visits x1 is m ?an !y believe4 ,:at deceives !m is ?is4 ,!y call to m9d ! ev5ts ( a p>ticul> h\r4 ,!re 0 dur+ t h\r1 accord+ to _! recollection1 a g5]al att5tion to /udy1 & no special disord]2 p]haps "s ?ree or f\r ( ! pupils not$ = talk+4 ,?is talk+1 too1 may h be5 ab\t ! lesson1 or at all ev5ts 0 n su* z to di/ract v p]ceptibly ! curr5t ( in/ruction4 ,h5ce ! inf]5ce t a mod]ate am\nt ( talk+1 su* z t 01 is p]fectly consi/5t ) decorum & progress4 ,s x is4 ,b :at is to secure ?is mod]ate am\nt8 ,:at "r h y to talk t is n enjoy$ by y\r neighbor8 ,if "o may talk1 s may all2 if "o does x1 un*eck$1 s w all1 z y v well "k4 ,h[ is ! tea*] to "k :e!r y are talk+ ab\t ! lesson1 or ab\t ! la/ cricket-mat*8 ,?is is a p]fectly pla9 "q1 & ,i press y to an answ]4 ,!re is no practical m$ium betwe5 unlimit$ lic5se to talk--aga9/ :i* y w\ld y\rself be ! fir/ to prote/--& an entire prohibition4 ,i put x to y\r consci5ce1 :e!r y d n believe1 7 ?is rule /rictly & 9 good fai? obs]v$1 t ! int]e/s ( ! s*ool1 & y\r own int]e/1 com=t1 & honor1 w\ld be greatly promot$8 ,is ! inconv5i5ce :i* ?is rule imposes s great1 or y\r habit ( self-indulg5ce s /rong1 t y _c1 or w n1 =ego a slight tempor>y gratification = s sub/antial & la/+ a b5efit8 #g4 ,y w avoid mu* ( ! difficulty ( obs]v+ ?is rule1 if y give he$ to ! next c\nsel :i* ,i h n[ to give1 & t is1 t y economize c>efully y\r "t 9 s*ool4 ,on ?is po9t "s excell5t & consci5ti\s pupils occasionally err4 ,!y are v fai?ful 9 home prep>ation2 v att5tive at lectures2 v indu/ri\s 9 dis*>g+ any set duty4 ,b !y h n yet le>n$ ! true secret ( all economy1 :e!r ( "t1 money1 or any o!r good1--namely1 ! kn[+ h[ to use well ! odds & ends4 ,take c>e ( ! p5ce1 0 ,frankl9's motto4 ,if y once h ! secret ( occupy+ usefully1 9 /udi\s prep>ation1 or 9 wise repetition1 all ^? little int]vals ( int]rupt$ in/ruction1 :i* necess>ily occur ?r\gh\t ! day1 y w 9 ! fir/ place almo/ insure = y\rself an entire fre$om f dem]it m>ks ( e k9d2 y w secondly add mat]ially to y\r intellectual progress2 &1 la/ly1 y w acquire a habit ( ! utmo/ value 9 e /ation & walk 9 life2 &1 dep5d ^u x1 ! habits y acquire at s*ool1 are ( all y\r acquisitions by f> ! mo/ important4 #h4 ,b ,i w\ld be false to my mo/ settl$ convictions1 7 ,i to /op "h4 ,i h be5 a tea*] ( ! "y ne>ly all my life1 & z ! result ( su* a life-long pr(essional exp]i5ce1 ,i h no conviction m abid+ ?an ?is1 t ! fe> ( ,god is ! beg9n+ ( k4 ,i believe t m5tal gr[? is j z directly ! gift ( ,god z bodily gr[?2 t ! heal?y action ( ! m9d is z mu* dep5d5t on 8 good pleasure z ! heal?y action ( ! bodily functions4 ,god has n only made "o m9d sup]ior to ano!r1 b ( two m9ds naturally equal1 he c1 at 8 sov]eign pleasure1 make "o gr[ & exp& m rapidly ?an ano!r4 ,z he c give symmetry & /r5g? to y\r limbs1 & clo! y\r features ) beauty & grace1 s he c make y quick ( appreh5sion1 cle> ( disc]nm5t1 ready & t5aci\s to rememb]1 delicate 9 y\r appreciation ( :at is beautiful4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 y are dilig5t 9 y\r /udies1 rememb] t ! rew>d ( y\r labor1 aft] all1 is ! gift ( ,god4 ,y w neglect "o ess5tial means ( intellectual progress1 if y neglect pray]4 ,i mean1 n pray] 9 g5]al1 b specific pray] = ,god's bless+ on y\r /udies2 pray] t ,god w bless y\r ef=ts to le>n4 ,keep y\r m9d1 :ile engag$ 9 /udy1 9 a habitual /ate ( expectancy1 especially :5 grappl+ ) intellectual difficulties1 z if inw>dly look+ up = help to t all-kn[+ ,_s1 :o alone1 ( all be+s1 acts directly on our spirits4 ,i _c d\bt t "o :o /udies 9 su* a frame ( m9d1 w advance 9 8 intellectual progress m rapidly = x4 ,i h a mo/ assur$ conviction t pray] is a direct & important means ( m5tal gr[?4 ,n only w ! fe> ( ,god re/ra9 y f _m ( ! usual h9drances to /udy1 ( :i* ,i h already spok51 b a truly dev\t _s is ! v be/ /ate ( m9d = le>n+1 ev5 = le>n+ purely intellectual tru?4 ,!re are o!r & high] motives1 :y y %\ld cultivate1 habitually1 ! fe> ( ,god4 ,( ^! motives1 x is n my (fice to speak n[4 ,!y are (t5 press$ ^u y\r att5tion4 ,! "o po9t to :i* ,i direct y n[1 is ! importance ( su* a /ate ( m9d to y\r mak+ ! be/1 & sure/1 & noble/ k9d ( m5tal gr[?4 ,if y w\ld gr[ rapidly 9 k1 gr[ symmetrically & beautifully1 ) all y\r faculties 9 h>moni\s prep>ation & dep5d5ce1 fe> ,god4 ,keep y\r _s 9 habitual int]c\rse & communion ) t ,almighty ,_s :o is ! s\rce ( all k & wisdom4 ,9 ! s*ool-room1 at y\r desk1 9 y\r recitations1 & y\r ex]cises ( e k9d1 let ! ?\ght t ! eye ( a lov+ ,fa!r is ^u y1 diffuse habitually a calm & sweet peace ?r\gh y\r _s1 & dep5d ^u x1 y w n f9d y\r m5tal vision dimm$ by mov+ 9 s pure & s]5e an atmosph]e4 ,!re are no quick5]s to k equal to love1 rev]5ce1 & e>ne/ pray]4 ,let me1 9 conclusion1 t5d] y my be/ wi%es = y\r success 9 ! c>e] n[ be=e y4 ,t success dep5ds1 9 no small degree1 ^u ! feel+ & _s ) :i* y beg94 ,only summon up y\r m9d to a s]i\s & det]m9$ resolution at ! outset2 aim high2 d n fl9* at self-d5ial2 rise above ! unwor?y suspicion t ?is or t tea*] is unfair to y2 resi/ ! disposition to %irk ^? /udies t y f9d disagreeable or difficult2 keep cle> ( e k9d & degree ( trick]y2 come /raight up to a full & /rict compliance ) e rule2 lay y\r plans to occupy usefully ea* gold5 mom5t ( leisure2 cultivate a con/ant s5se ( dep5d5ce ^u ,god = success 9 /udy3 & y\r success w be z c]ta9 z is ! wi% = x1 :i* ,i once m1 mo/ respectfully & affectionately1 t5d] y4 99 99 99 99 99 #c4 ,to a ,"y ,lady on ,leav+ a ,bo>d+-,s*ool4 ,y are ab\t to leave s*ool4 ,! occasion is "o c]ta9ly t _c fail to awak5 reflection4 ,i suppose t no "y lady1 :o _h be5 at a place ( education z long z y h be5 "h1 ev] left x )\t s]i\s ?\ght4 ,! excitem5t ( ! exam9ation1 ! busy :irl ( prep>ation = leav+1 ev5 ! exhil>at+ anticipations ( home-go+1 _c entirely %ut out f y\r m9d ! sob] tru? t ! end ( s*ool-days is only ! beg9n+ ( ano!r c>e]1--a c>e]1 ! issue ( :i* y c nei!r =esee1 nor c y be indiff]5t to x4 ,let u talk a little ab\t ?is4 ,! day on :i* a "y man ends 8 ,college c\rse is call$1 by an app>5t misnom]1 ,comm5cem5t day2 t is1 ! day ( comm5c+1 or beg9n+4 ,i und]/& v well t ! "n has a def9ite hi/orical orig91--t 9 ! old ,engli% ,colleges1 f :i* our ,am]ican ,colleges 7 modell$1 ! "y man1 on ?is day1 beg9s 8 c>e] z a ,ba*elor ( ,arts4 ,8 academical rank comm5ces & dates f ?is po9t4 ,b !re w\ld be a beautiful appropriat5ess 9 ! t]m1 ev5 if x _h no su* special hi/orical orig94 ,! exit f ! curriculum ( ! ,college or ,s*ool1 is1 9 tru?1 only ! entrance into a m ext5d$ c\rse4 ,:5 y\r /udies are nom9ally end$1 !y h really only begun4 ,! long] y live1 ! m w y und]/& t ! p]iod ( s*ool-go+ is n ! only1 or ev5 ! ma9 "t ( le>n+4 ,! m ?or\ghly y h be5 taught "h1 ! m c]ta9ly w y be a le>n] h]eaft]4 ,i want no bett] te/ ( ! "* ( a s*ool ?an ! ext5t to :i* ! idea prevails among its pupils & alumni1 t x is a place = f9i%+ "o's /udies4 ,! idea is on a p> ) t ( ! "y ,miss :o report$ t %e _h read ?r\gh ,lat96 ,!re is1 x is true1 9 ?is ,s*ool1 a def9ite curriculum ( /udies1 & t curriculum y h honorably complet$4 ,y h j be5 receiv$ by public ackn[l$gm5t into ! community ( educat$ wom54 ,b y w be false to ! honorable si/]hood1 false1 ,i am sure1 to all ! tea*+s y h receiv$ "h1 if y ent]ta9 = a mom5t ! ?\ght t no fur!r intellectual acquisitions are be=e y4 ,! bran*es :i* y h le>n$ ?us f> are *iefly valuable to y = ! p[] !y h giv5 y to make /ill fur!r improvem5t4 ,! /udies pursu$ at s*ool1 & dur+ ! p]iod ( y\?1 are ma9ly int5d$ = promot+ intellectual gr[?1 = giv+ u p[]1 = p]fect+ our m5tal ma*9]y4 ,our real acquisitions come aft]w>d4 ,i speak1 ( c\rse1 ( ^? :o occupy ! high] /ations 9 society4 ,to "o :o has to e>n 8 bread by m]e bodily toil1 ! few /udies = :i* he has leisure 9 y\?1 mu/1 ( c\rse1 be su* z are directly s]viceable 9 8 call+4 ,b to ^? :o claim to belong to ! educat$ portion ( ! community1 s*ool /udies are ( "r direct$ m to ! developm5t ( ! m5tal & moral p[]s1 ?an to positive acquisition4 ,y\r in/ructors return y to y\r fri5ds & y\r home ) a m9d enl>g$1 ) a ta/e ref9$1 ) a judgm5t correct$1 ready to take y\r place & act well y\r "p1 z an educat$ woman4 ,b rememb]1 %e is n an educat$ woman1 :o kn[s no m ?is ye> ?an %e did la/4 ,true education is gr[?1 & x nev] /&s /ill4 ,! tree :i* has ceas$ to gr[1 has begun to decay4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! "o ?\ght t ,i w\ld h y take away ) y f s*ool4 ,give no place to ! idea t h5ce=? books & /udy & elegant culture are to be laid aside4 ,x w\ld be a di%onor to y\r ,s*ool1 & a mi/ake ( ! fir/ magnitude = y\rself4 ,p]haps y w appreciate ?is po9t m adequately1 if y w turn y\r ?\ghts inw>d = a mom5t1 & reflect ^u ! *ange :i* has be5 quietly go+ on 9 y\r own self & dur+ y\r resid5ce "h4 ,"o ^: occupation calls him almo/ daily to communicate 8 ideas to "y p]sons1 ei!r by =mal address1 or by m famili> ways1 feels to a great] degree1 p]haps1 ?an any o!r p]son c1 ! *ange to :i* ,i ref]4 ,i mean t increas$ quickness ( intellectual appreh5sion produc$ by a judici\s & symmetrical c\rse ( /udy4 ,let me give y an in/ance4 ,x fell to my lot1 n long s9ce1 to address a ,s*ool conta9+ ?ree hundr$ "y ladies1 all bo>d]s1 all ov] sev5te5 ye>s ( age4 ,!y 7 ! be/ audi5ce ,i ev] _h4 ,among !m 0 n "o1 :o did n appe> to be intellig5t & ?\ghtful1 & ) a m9d m or less discipl9$4 ,b !re 7 p]ceptible diff]5ces among !m1 & x is to ?is po9t t ,i w\ld direct y\r att5tion4 ,!y 7 divid$ into f\r di/9ct classes1 hav+ att5d$ ! ,s*ool sev]ally "o1 two1 ?ree1 & f\r ye>s1 & !y 7 arrang$ be=e me 9 ! ord] ( _! s5iority z classes4 ,! disc\rse 0 long & didactic1 & portions ( x 7 n easy to foll[1 conta9+ a discussion ( a r ab/ruse po9t 9 m5tal philosophy4 ,n[ x seem$ to me1 on conclud+ ! address1 t ,i c\ld h gone ?r\gh t assembly1 & m>k$ ) tol]able accuracy1 class by class1 j :]e ea* class end$ & ano!r class began1 simply by :at ,i _h read 9 ! faces ( my "y auditors4 ,x 0 writt5 z pla9ly ^u ^? upturn$ faces1 z 0 ! disc\rse itself ^u ! manuscript be=e me4 ,^? :o _h be5 f\r ye>s 9 ! ,s*ool1 und\bt$ly le>n$ manifold m f ! ex]cise ?an ! junior classes did4 ,i c\ld see x 9 ! deliv]y ( e p>agraph4 ,su* is ! uni=m result ( a prop] c\rse ( /udy4 ,x enables ! /ud5t to grasp new tru?s ) increas$ ease & read9ess4 ,we1 :o are tea*]s1 feel ?is ! mom5t we und]take to communicate our ?\ghts to an audi5ce4 ,! consequ5ce is1 we involunt>ily measure :at has be5 done educationally = a class ( "y p]sons1 by ! developm5t :i* has be5 giv5 to _! p[]s1--by ! manife/ facility :i* !y h ga9$ = mak+ fur!r ga9s4 ,t "y woman is be/ educat$ :o is be/ prep>$ to le>n4 ,let me1 !n1 r5ew ! appeal to y\r own consci\sness4 ,?9k = a mom5t ^u ! *ange :i* has be5 wr\ght 9 y\r own self dur+ y\r c>e] "h4 ,comp>e y\r pres5t self ) t o!r self t y may rememb] "s ?ree or f\r ye>s back4 ,h[ mu* m y c accompli% n[ ?an y c\ld !n6 ,h[ mu* m cle>ly y c foll[ out a tra9 ( reason+6 ,h[ mu* m easily y c compass an argum5t6 ,h[ mu* m y c enjoy :at is beautiful6 ,h[ mu* m quickly & accurately y c rememb]6 ,h[ mu* m y c comm& y\r att5tion6 ,:5ce ?is *ange1 & :at does x purport8 ,x means t y are educat$4 ,y h n[ a degree ( m5tal p[] t y _h n !n4 ,y\r own consci\sness tells y t y are n[ j 9 ! condition to ent] ^u y\r h>ve/4 ,! field is be=e y4 ,y are gird$ = ! "w4 ,& w y n[ indol5tly lay aside ! sickle1 & let ! gold5 gra9 fall to ! gr\nd unga!r$8 ,c\ld !re be a m egregi\s mi/ake8 ,la/ week1 ,i saw f my w9d[ two p>5t birds tempt+ _! "y fl$gl+s f ! ne/4 ,day by day1 week by week1 ,i _h se5 ! *ild-birds gr[+ & ga9+ /r5g?4 ,_! muscles 7 n[ well develop$1 _! bodies 7 clo!d ) fea!rs1 !y _h le>n$ to use _! w+s1--!y c\ld fly4 ,w\ld x n h be5 pass+ /range1 _h !y cont9u$ z !y 71 cont5t$ to c[] & to crawl1 :5 !y _h acquir$ ! p[] to so>8 ,& w y be cont5t to rema9 =ev] only a fl$gl+1 satisfi$ ) hav+ acquir$ ! p[] ( ris+1 b nev] actually us+ ! w+s :i* ^! ye>s ( honorable indu/ry h giv5 y8 ,"s ( y\r sex are will+ to admit ! =ce ( ?is argum5t :5 appli$ to m54 ,a man1 aft] graduat+1 is expect$ ( c\rse to cont9ue 8 /udies4 ,8 :ole pr(ession is "o cont9u$ /udy4 ,b someh[1 x is ?\ght1 ?is tru? does n hold good = wom54 ,let me hope t y at lea/ w n h>bor su* a notion4 ,:atev] may be said ( wom5's rights1 "o "r c]ta9ly1 & "o duty1 is to keep y\rself abrea/ ( ! o!r sex 9 cont9u$ m5tal gr[? & culture1 & 9 g5]al intellig5ce4 ,if y w\ld awak5 true respect 9 my sex1 & ,i hold x a n unwor?y ambition1 y mu/ 9 ?is matt] d z we d1 at lea/ z ^? ( u d :o are wor? y\r consid]ation at all4 ,y mu/ p]sev]+ly1 e ye>1 add to y\r intellectual acquisitions4 ,y mu/ cont9ue /eadily to gr[ 9 k & m5tal p[]4 ,d n cease y\r /udies1 because y h ceas$ go+ to s*ool4 ,manage to h "s elegant accompli%m5t or acquisition always 9 h&4 ,a woman :o is wise 9 ?is matt]1 nev] passes h] prime4 ,i speak n1 ( c\rse1 ( ! decrepitude ( old age & ( ! decay ( ! faculties4 ,b s long z ! faculties rema9 unimpair$1 a woman may become1 & %\ld aim to become1 increas+ly attractive1 z %e advances 9 ye>s4 ,poets s+ ( sweet sixte54 ,let me assure y1 a woman may be *>m+ at sixty4 ,mrs4 ,madison ev5 at sev5ty 0 ! mo/ attractive woman 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,9 society1 h[ soon "o feels ! diff]5ce betwe5 a p]son :o reads1 & "o :o does n read4 ,two ladies may be ( ! same age4 ,!y may dress alike4 ,!y may h ! same advantages ( p]son4 ,!y may move 9 ! same social circle4 ,yet y w n h be5 t5 m9utes 9 _! society1 ?\gh ! conv]sation has be5 on only ! mo/ common topics ( ! day1 be=e y w feel t ! "o woman1 ?\gh at ?irty or =ty1 is /ill only a sup]annuat$ s*ool-girl1 ) ev5 less res\rces ?an :5 %e left ! sem9>y1 :ile ! o!r is a delightful companion = p]sons ( any age1 ) ready k = :atev] turn ! conv]sation may take1 & s ab\nd+ 9 res\rces z n ev5 to be op5 to ! temptation ( mak+ a display ( !m4 ,! "o c talk only s long z ! conv]sation turns on dress1 gossip1 or ! discussion ( private "*4 ,9 li/5+ to ! talk ( su* a woman1 y h>dly he> a s5t5ce :i* is n bas$ ^u p]sonalities4 ,h] m9d has n be5 f$ & nurtur$ f day to day ) beautiful & noble ?\ghts1 ) hi/ory & sci5ce & g5]al k4 ,%e may be amiable4 ,%e may h p]sonal beauty4 ,b y f9d h] empty & vapid1 & y we>y ( h]1 9 spite ( ! v be/ int5tions ( be+ int]e/$4 ,h[ diff]5t ! woman :o1 9 spite ( social exactions1 & ev5 ( accumulat+ dome/ic duties1 & ( ! "t-consum+ tax ( dress1 /ill keeps h] m9d fre% & gr[+1 by means ( read+ & culture1--:o is ev] add+ to h] /ores ( k "s new sci5ce1 to h] v>i$ skill "s new atta9m5t1--:o has ev] 9 h& "s new book4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t "s ladies are bless$ ) m leisure = ?is purpose ?an o!rs4 ,b ,i fe> x is n a "q ( m & less4 ,x is too mu* a "q ( "s & none4 ,i hold t e woman is entitl$ to h1 & by prop] det]m9ation %e may h1 "s "t = p]sonal improvem5t4 ,rememb]1 we h duties to ourselves1 z well z to o!rs1 & we h no duty to ourselves m sacr$ ?an ?is1--to rescue f our "t "s portion = ! purpose ( mak+ ourselves m wor?y ( reg>d4 ,to und]take to sugge/ :at p>ticul> /udies y %\ld pursue1 9 ?is l>g] s*ool to :i* y are n[ admitt$1 w\ld lead me into a tra9 ( rem>k entirely too ext5d$4 ,"o s+le practical sugge/ion may p]haps be p>don$4 ,d n will+ly rel9qui% ! acquisitions already made4 ,!y are to y ! true f\ndations = future improvem5t4 ,y h fairly ent]$ ^u sev]al important fields 9 ! doma9 ( sci5ce4 ,y are famili> ) ! elem5ts ( ,natural ,philosophy1 ,*emi/ry1 ,botany1 ,physiology1 ,m5tal ,philosophy1 ,rhetoric1 & ) ! f\ndations ( ,ma!matical ,sci5ce4 ,my advice is t 9 com+ ye>s y give to ea* ( ^! bran*es1 & ( :atev] else y h /udi$ "h1 a /at$ sy/ematic review4 ,y h "s skill 9 draw+ & pa9t+4 ,let n s graceful an accompli%m5t die out f y\r f+]s4 ,y excel 9 music4 ,i ne$ n say1 if y w\ld reta9 ?is excell5ce1 y mu/ give "t to practice & /udy4 ,s1 :atev] tal5t or atta9m5t y n[ h1 let x be y\r fix$ purpose n to let x pass f y\r possession4 ,keep :at y h1 :atev] else y may fail to d4 ,to ?is end1 z ,i said be=e1 give to ea* ( y\r s*ool /udies an occasional well-consid]$ review4 ,y w !n always h 9 y\r m9d c]ta9 fix$ po9ts1 to :i* ! miscellane\s k pick$ up 9 y\r g5]al read+ w adh]e1 & ar\nd :i* x w accumulate 9 organiz$ =m4 ,new /udies1 too1 w naturally affiliate ) ! old1 & w be easy & pleasant j 9 proportion z y keep ! k t y n[ h1 fre% & bright4 ,besides ?is g5]al advice1 !re is "o accompli%m5t 9 p>ticul>1 :i* ,i w\ld e>ne/ly recomm5d to y1 z ,i am 9 ! habit ( do+ to all ( y\r sex4 ,cultivate assidu\sly ! ability to read well4 ,i /op to p>ticul>ize ?is1 because x is a ?+ s v mu* neglect$1 & because x is s v elegant1 *>m+1 & lady-l an accompli%m5t4 ,:]e "o p]son is really int]e/$ by music1 tw5ty are pleas$ ) good read+4 ,:]e "o p]son is capable ( becom+ a skilful musician1 tw5ty may become good read]s4 ,:]e !re is "o occasion suitable = ! ex]cise ( musical tal5t1 !re are tw5ty = t ( read+4 ,! culture ( ! voice necess>y = read+ well1 gives a delightful *>m to ! same voice 9 conv]sation4 ,good read+ is ! natural expon5t & vehicle ( all good ?+s4 ,x is ! mo/ effective ( all comm5t>ies ^u ! works ( g5ius4 ,x seems to br+ dead au?ors to life aga91 & makes u sit d[n famili>ly ) ! great & good ( all ages4 ,did y ev] notice :at life & p[] ! ,holy ,scriptures h1 :5 well read8 ,h y ev] he>d ( ! wond]ful effects produc$ by ,elizabe? ,fry among ! h>d5$ crim9als ( ,newgate1 by simply read+ to !m ! p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son8 ,pr9ces & pe]s ( ! realm1 x is said1 c\nt$ x a privilege to /& 9 ^? dismal corridors1 among felons & murd]]s1 m]ely to %>e ) !m ! privilege ( witness+ ! m>vell\s pa?os :i* g5ius1 ta/e1 & culture c\ld infuse into t simple /ory4 ,:at a fasc9ation !re is 9 really good read+6 ,:at a p[] x gives "o6 ,9 ! hospital1 9 ! *amb] ( ! invalid1 9 ! nurs]y1 9 ! dome/ic & ! social circle1 among *os5 fri5ds & companions1 h[ x enables y to m9i/] to ! amusem5t1 ! com=t1 ! pleasure ( de> ones1 z no o!r art or accompli%m5t c4 ,no in/rum5t ( man's devis+ c rea* ! he>t1 z does t mo/ wond]ful in/rum5t1 ! human voice4 ,x is ,god's special gift & end[m5t to 8 *os5 creatures4 ,fold x n away 9 a napk94 ,if y w\ld d\ble ! value ( all y\r o!r acquisitions2 if y w\ld add immeasurably to y\r own enjoym5t1 & to y\r p[] ( promot+ ! enjoym5t ( o!rs1 cultivate ) incessant c>e ?is ,div9e gift4 ,no music bel[ ! skies is equal to t ( pure1 silv]y spee* f ! lips ( a man or woman ( high culture4 99 99 99 99 99 #d4 ,to a ,pupil on ,ent]+ a ,normal ,s*ool4 ,y h ent]$ ^u a new & untri$ pa?4 ,z "o hav+ be5 (t5 ov] ?is way1 & well acqua9t$ ) ! features ( ! c\ntry be=e y1 its lights & %ad[s1 its roses & its ?orns1 its safe walks & its hidd5 pitfalls1 ,i desire to talk ) y a :ile be=e y ent] ^u ! untri$ sc5e4 #a4 ,fir/ ( all let me say to y1 we give y a mo/ he>ty welcome4 ,we are glad to see y "h1 & we t5d] to y 9 advance a w>m & ready sympa?y 9 ! _m little worries1 annoyances1 & disc\ragem5ts t surely await y4 ,= myself ,i may truly say1 t1 outside ( my own home1 ,i h no great] happ9ess ?an to be among my pupils1 & few ?+s c\ld pa9 me m ?an to believe t any "o :o _h be5 = any consid]able "t my pupil w\ld n almo/ unconsci\sly claim me z a fri5d2 & x is an unceas+ well-spr+ ( joy = me to "k t among y\r companions are _m :o1 9 "t ( tr\ble or difficulty or anxiety ( any k9d1 w\ld come to ! ,pr9cipal ( ! ,s*ool1 z sure ( sympa?y z if go+ to _! own "m4 ,?is fre$om ( int]c\rse betwe5 tea*]s & _! pupils1 ?is mutual ex*ange ( confid5ce on "o side & ( sympa?y on ! o!r1 is a s\rce ( good & a s\rce ( pleasure1 :i* nei!r y nor we1 my "y fri5d1 c af=d to =ego2 & if 9 ! expression ( ?is ?\ght ,i h indulg$ 9 a r unseemly use ( ! fir/ p]son s+ul>1 x is n because ,i w\ld claim = myself any?+ peculi> 9 ?is matt]1 b because1 f my ye>s & my position1 ,i c p]haps1 bett] ?an my associates1 af=d to speak out ?us ! inw>d prompt+s ( ! he>t4 ,we all give y ! "r h& ( fell[%ip1 & tru/ x w n be _m weeks1 or days ev51 be=e y %all feel t y h "h a home z well z a s*ool1 fri5ds z well z tea*]s4 #b4 ,a v common feel+ at ! beg9n+ ( a c\rse ( /udy1 is a feel+ ( disc\ragem5t4 ,ne>ly all ! /udies are new1 & y ent] ^u ea* ) fre% eag]ness4 ,n[1 x is 9 ! nature ( e /udy :ile x is new1 to seem b\ndless4 ,"u ! guid+ h& ( a skilful tea*]1 its limits & capabilities are /ret*$ out 9 "o direction & ano!r1 int]m9able vi/as spread out 9 ! di/ance1 & port5t\s difficulties rise up be=e ! imag9ation1 until ! m9d is bewild]$4 ,!re is n "o1 ( ! =midable li/s ( /udies be=e y1 t might n ( itself1 s great are its capabilities1 occupy y\r :ole "t4 ,:5 y f9d y\rself call$ to grapple at once ) f\r or five su* /udies1 to measure y\rself ) competitors1 _m ( :om h _h opportunities ( prep>ation greatly sup]ior to y\r own1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( tea*]s to :om ! :ole subject is z famili> & z pla9 z ! alphabet1 & :51 9 addition1 ! me?ods ( recitation are = ! mo/ "p new & /range1 y are v apt to become disc\rag$1 to feel t y %all nev] le>n to recite 9 ! mann] requir$1 t y c nev] ma/] ! difficulties be=e y4 ,?is feel+ arises mo/ frequ5tly 9 ! be/ class ( m9ds1 ^? mo/ consci5ti\s 9 reg>d to duty & mo/ capable ( compreh5d+ ! full l5g? & bread? & dep? ( a subject4 ,! %all[ & ! trifl+ are nev] tr\bl$ ) ! k9d ( difficulties n[ "u consid]ation4 ,i address myself to y1 my "y fri5d1 because ,i "k y h come "h ) an e>ne/ purpose1 ) a m9d acute en\gh to see some?+ ( ! va/ "w be=e y1 & ,i say to y1 z "o :o has _h l>ge exp]i5ce 9 conduct+ o!r pilgrims ov] ! same track1 nev] lose he>t4 ,difficulties :i* n[ seem insurm\ntable1 w gradually disappe>2 subjects :i* n[ seem imp5etrable1 w soon light5 up4 ,did y nev] ent] a room 9 ! d>k8 ,at fir/ ! ap>tm5t is a univ]sal blank4 ,aft] a :ile1 z y\r eyes become adju/$ to ! place1 "o article aft] ano!r ( ! furniture becomes outl9$ to ! vision1 until at l5g?1 especially if approa*+ day l5ds "s additional rays ( light1 ! :ole sc5e /&s out p]fectly def9$4 ,s x is 9 ent]+ ^u a new /udy4 ,_m a passage 9 x w seem to y at fir/ a worse ?an ,s]bonian bog--a cave ( imp5etrable & undi/+ui%able d>kness4 ,b draw n back4 ,look /eadily on4 ,light w come 9 "t4 ,y\r p[] ( see+ w1 ) e new trial1 receive adju/m5t & gr[?1 & y w 9 ! end see ) full & op5 vision :]e n[ y h only dim glimpses & guesses4 ,d n be disc\rag$1 !re=e1 if at fir/ y fail1 or seem to y\rself to fail1 9 almo/ e recitation y und]take4 ,:at seems impossible to-day1 w be only next to impossible to-morr[1 & only v difficult ! day aft]4 ,y\r failures are (t5 only ! pro(s t y h a glimpse at lea/ ( some?+ bel[ ! surface ( ?+s4 ,a disc\rag$ pupil is nev] a s\rce ( anxiety to me4 ,x is only ! self-confid5t & ov]-we>+ t are hopeless4 #c4 ,i h spok5 ( recitations4 ,let me urge y to =m "s def9ite idea ( :at a recitation is1 & :at k9d ( a recitation y1 z a pupil ( a ,normal ,s*ool1 %\ld aim to make4 ,& fir/ ( all1 on ?is po9t1 let me say1 ! m]e answ]+ ( que/ions1 & especially1 ! m]e response ( yes & no to que/ions1 is n recit+1--assur$ly n su* recit+ z is to fit y = ! (fice ( a tea*]4 ,&1 9 ! next place1 let me say1 t repeat+ v]batim ! words ( ! book1 is n ! me?od ( recitation at :i* y %\ld aim4 ,i d n agree ) ^? :o w\ld dissuade y entirely f cultivat+ ! faculty & enri*+ ! /ores ( memory4 ,n only memory1 9 its g5]al ex]cise1 b a purely v]bal memory1 is important4 ,9 y\r lessons1 are _m ?+s1 rules1 def9itions1 & s =?1 t %\ld be le>n$ ) ! mo/ lit]al exactness1 & %\ld be s fix$ 9 ! memory t !y w come at y\r bidd+1 9 any place1 at any mom5t4 ,!re are1 too1 9 "s ( y\r books1 passages f noble au?ors1 :i* furni% food & n\ri%m5t to ! s\l1 & :i* ! m9d craves 9 ! v =m & l9eam5ts ( _! bir?--passages :i* are l nuggets ( virg9 gold1 or co9s f ! m9t ( "s great sov]eign 9 ! realms ( ?\ght4 ,!y =m a "p ( y\r weal?1 & y want !m1 nei!r clipp$1 nor defac$1 nor alloy$1 b ) e ^w & po9t exactly z x came f ! h& ( ! ma/]4 ,^! preci\s gems ( ?\ght1 ! g>n]$ weal? ( ! ages1 w n be neglect$ by any "o :o is wise4 ,treasure up 9 y\r intellectual /oreh\se z _m ( !m z y c possibly compass1 only ) ?is proviso1 be c>eful to select = ?is purpose ! v be/ out ( ! great abundance t is be=e y1 & make ?or\gh "w 9 :at y d attempt to commit to memory4 ,! act ( memoriz+ w at once /r5g!n ! faculty ( memory itself1 & w enri* y o!rwise4 ,by all means1 !re=e1 le>n by he>t ! lead+ def9itions & rules ( y\r text-books1 & *oice passages f all fam\s au?ors4 ,b d n attempt 9 ?is way to commit to memory1 or to recite v]batim1 ! pages ( y\r hi/ory1 geography1 rhetoric1 & s =?4 ,su* a practice w\ld be a mo/ unwise wa/e ( y\r "t1 & w\ld cause a weak5+1 r ?an a /r5g!n+1 ( y\r faculties4 ,let me tell y exactly :at ,i mean by recit+4 ,y\r tea*] goes to ! bo>d &1 *alk 9 h&1 expla9s to ! class "s po9t :i* !y seem n to h appreh5d$4 ,t is my idea ( recit+4 ,fir/ get ?or\gh possession ( ! ?\ghts or facts ( ! lesson1 & !n1 imag9+ ! class & ! tea*] to be ignorant ( ! subject1 expla9 x to !m1 j z y w expect to d :5 ! "t comes t y w h a class ( y\r own to in/ruct4 ,x w aid y 9 prep>+ ?us to recite a lesson1 if 9 y\r rooms y w g ov] x al\d to ea* o!r1 y & y\r room-mate1 tak+ alt]nate portions4 ,su* a me?od ( prep>ation w d\btless require "s "t4 ,b "o lesson s prep>$ w be wor? m to y ?an a :ole week ( /udy conduct$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,rememb]1 t 9 a ,normal ,s*ool y\r object is1 n m]ely to get k1 b to le>n h[ to communicate :at y h le>n$4 ,fir/ !n g ov] a topic till y are sure y und]/& x4 ,!n g ov] x aga9 & aga9 until y c recite readily & p]fectly e "p ( x1 9 its ord]4 ,!n practise y\rself 9 tell+ x 9 y\r own words1 al\d1 if possible1 to somebody else1 until y c make ! n>ration or explanation cont9u\sly1 f beg9n+ to end1 & )\t ! possibility ( be+ ?r[n out or confus$ by any am\nt ( int]ruptions4 ,!n at l5g? are y prep>$ to recite4 ,is ?is /&>d ( recitation too high8 ,is x n :at e "o ( y\r tea*]s does daily1 & :at y y\rself w h to d ! v fir/ "t y take y\r position z a tea*] ( o!rs8 #d4 ,?is leads me by a natural transition to ! subject ( /udy4 ,y ne$ to le>n h[ to /udy1 z mu* z y ne$ to le>n h[ to recite4 ,endeavor !n to get "s def9ite idea 9 y\r m9d ( :at x is really to /udy4 ,m]e read+ is n /udy4 ,mutt]+ ! words ov] 9 a l[1 gurgl+ tone1 or lett+ !m glide 9 a s(t1 half-audible ripple ^u y\r lips1 is n /udy4 ,go+ ov] ! lesson 9 a li/less1 dreamy way1 "o eye on ! book & "o eye ready = :atev] is go+ on 9 o!r p>ts ( ! room1 is n /udy4 ,/udy is "w4 ,/udy is agony4 ,! :ole s\l mu/ be r\s$1 its e en]gy put =?1 ) a fix$1 rapt att5tion1 l t ( a man /ruggl+ ) a giant4 ,/udy1 wor?y ( ! "n1 =gets = ! "t e ?+ else1 excludes e ?+ else1 is incapable ( be+ div]t$ by any ?+ else1 ! :ole int]nal & ext]nal man be+ b5t ^u mak+ j "o ?+ its own4 ,su* /udy ( c\rse soon exhau/s ! en]gies4 ,x _c be long protract$1 nor ne$ x be protract$4 ,take re/ 9 ! season ( re/2 b1 :5 y /udy1 /udy ) all y\r might4 ,?r[ y\r :ole s\l into x4 ,"o h\r ( su* /udy accompli%es m ?an :ole days ( li/less por+ ov] books4 ,&1 rememb]1 y _c /udy 9 ?is mann] by m]ely will+ to d x4 ,x is an art1 requir+ tra9+ & practice1 & ?or\gh m5tal discipl9e4 ,y might z well1 on see+ ! ,writ+-,ma/] execut+ ^? m>vels ( p5man%ip1 or ! ,draw+-,tea*] ) deft f+]s limn+ ) ease =ms ( grace & beauty1 resolve to g =?) to ! bo>d & d ! same ?+1 z expect1 by a m]e sic volo1 to become a /ud5t4 ,y are "h to le>n h[ to /udy1 & ! art w come to y only by sl[ progress1 & aft] _m trials4 ,give up ! illusion t absolute seclusion & sil5ce are necess>y to /udy4 ,i d n say t !y are n at times desirable4 ,b !y d n ( !mselves g5]ate e>ne/ ?\ght4 ,! vacant m9d1 t has n yet le>n$ to ?9k1 is :5 ?us left to solitude & /illness1 q z likely to g a wool-ga!r+1 or to fall asleep1 z to wre/le ) "s h>d un9vit+ tra9 ( ?\ght4 ,! appliances & ! invitations to m5tal application1 if we h really le>n$ to /udy1 mu/ be ma9ly 9 ourselves1 n 9 our surr\nd+s4 ,besides1 ! great] "p ( ! actual ?9k+ & /udy1 t has to be done by ^? 9 pr(essional life1 t w h to be done by y1 :5 y ent] ^u ! practice ( y\r pr(ession z a tea*]1 mu/ be done 9 circum/ances n ( y\r own *oos+1 j z "t & opportunity may (f]1 by snat*es1 & at odd int]vals1 & (t5 9 ! mid/ ( di/ract+ sights & s\nds4 ,i v5ture to say t ?ree f\r?s ( ! graduates ( ?is s*ool1 :o are n[ tea*+1 h no opportunity = daily /udy & prep>ation = ! duties ( ! s*ool-room1 except t af=d$ by a seat 9 ! ev5+ 9 ! common sitt+-room ( ! family1 surr\nd$ by *ildr5 t are n always models ( behavior1 & )9 sight & he>+ ( all ! petty details ( h\sehold life4 ,x is n !re=e 9 itself undesirable t a "p at lea/ ( y\r /udy at s*ool %\ld be p]=m$ 9 a common room1 :]e !re are "s temptations to be resi/$1 "s di/ractions to be ignor$4 ,acquir+ ! ability to /udy )\t di/raction 9 ! pres5ce ( o!rs & 9 ! mid/ ev5 ( confusion & noise1 is z important to y z is ! le>n+ h[ to ?9k al\d1 9 ! pres5ce ( a class1 :i* ,i h def9$ to be ! true nature ( a recitation4 ,! ability to /udy & ! ability to recite are intimately correlat$1 & ! symptoms ( bo? are unmi/akable to ! practis$ eye & e>4 ,i "k j z well1 by a glance ( ! eye on ent]+ a /udy-room1 :at pupils are mak+ intellectual gr[?1 z ,i d on ent]+ ! class-room & li/5+ to ! recitations4 ,"o might z well feign to be 9 a fev]1 z to feign /udy4 ,no?+ b ! ?+ itself c assume its appe>ance4 #e4 ,i approa* my next subject ( rem>k ) "s hesitation4 ,yet on no po9t1 9 ! :ole !ory ( m5tal action1 h ,i a m fix$ & assur$ conviction4 ,p]haps ,i may expla9 my mean+ bett]1 if ,i introduce x ) "o or two comp>isons4 ,action ( e k9d1 m5tal or mat]ial1 is to be aid$ or accel]at$1 if at all1 by =ces ( ! same k9d ) ! prim>y =ce4 ,if a c]ta9 am\nt ( weight avoirdupois w n make ! scale kick ! beam1 we may produce ! effect by lay+ on ! requisite numb] ( additional p\nds1--by add+ =ce ( ! same k9d ) ! orig9al4 ,if ! flame ( "o c&le does n produce ! illum9ation requir$ = a p>ticul> ef=t1 ! addition ( a second or a ?ird w4 ,if we wi% to increase ! spe$ ( a locomotive1 we d n :i/le to x1 or :ip x1 or say get up2 we add /eam4 ,if on ! o!r h& we wi% our horse to travel fa/]1 we use a motive address$ to 8 nature4 ,we appeal to 8 g5]osity1 8 pride1 or 8 fe>4 ,s m5tal action is influ5c$ & induc$ by =ces ( ! same nature ) itself4 ,"o m9d influ5ces p[]fully ano!r m9d1 work+ ^u u (t51 too1 by my/]i\s influ5ces t elude analysis4 ,! influ5ce ( m9d ^u m9d1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 is 9 proportion to ! degree ( p]fection 9 :i* ^! ?ree conditions exi/1 to wit1 ! fulness ( accord & sympa?y betwe5 ! m9ds t are br\ght into contact1 ! clos5ess ( ! contact1 & ! greatness & p[] ( ! influ5c+ & controll+ m9d4 ,^! ?ree po9ts h>dly ne$ explanation or argum5t4 ,no?+ is m obvi\s ?an t a m9d fully 9 sympa?y ) ano!r1 does by t v circum/ance ex]cise an increas$ m5tal p[] on t o!r4 ,9 l mann] we all feel daily h[ our m9ds are lift$ up1 enl>g$1 enlight5$1 /r5g!n$1 by int]c\rse ) "o ( p[]ful intellect4 ,& h[ (t5 h we felt1 :5 ourselves wi%+ to influ5ce any "o1 p>ticul>ly :5 wi%+ to influ5ce "o mu* y\ng] & weak] ?an ourselves1 t we might accompli% our ends ! bett]1 if we c\ld only "k c]ta9ly & exactly :at he 0 ?9k+1 if we c\ld z x 7 actually get into ! *amb] ( 8 s\l4 ,?is inde$ we c nev] d4 ,we ?9k sometimes t we come v ne> to ea* o!r4 ,b aft] all we nev] t\*4 ,betwe5 my m9d & y\rs1 betwe5 y\rs & t ( ! mo/ intimate fri5d y h 9 ! _w1 !re is a b>ri]1 high z heav51 deep z hell1 imp5etrable z adamant4 ,?us f> c we come & no f>!r4 ,we c nev] ent] into ! s\l ( any human be+4 ,no human be+ c ev] ent] into ours4 ,yet1 my de> pupil1 did x nev] occur to y1 t !re is ,"o ,m9d1 & t a m9d ( inf9itely great & transc5d5t p[]1 to :i* !re is no su* b>ri]1 & t ?is transc5d5t1 all-kn[+1 all-p[]ful m9d1 is cont9ually 9 direct contact ) ! v ess5ce ( y\r m9d8 ,c ,i influ5ce y\r ?9k+ faculties1 & _c ! inf9ite ,god1 :o made ^? faculties8 ,c ,he :o gave our bodies all _! p[] ( gr[? & /r5g?1 n give gr[? & /r5g? to our m9ds8 ,i d n pr(ess to und]/& h[ ! div9e m9d acts ^u ! human m9d4 ,i _c always und]/& ev5 h[ "o human m9d acts ^u ano!r4 ,b ( ! fact ,i make no m "q1 ?an ,i d ( ! p[]s ( flame1 ( /eam1 or ( gravitation4 ,&1 z "o set "h to guide y 9 y\r m5tal progress1 9 all sob] e>ne/ness1 ,i exhort y dev\tly to invoke ! aid ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! promotion ( y\r /udies--n m]ely to help y to use y\r acquisitions rightly1 = 8 honor & ! good ( y\r k9d1 b to help y 9 mak+ ^? acquisitions4 ,if y w\ld rise sup]ior to disc\ragem5t1 if y w\ld acquire t m5tal discipl9e :i* is to enable y to /udy1 & to recite & to tea* 9 ! v be/ & highe/ mann]1 pray4 ,call mightily ^u ,god ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o is aft] all ! great educator & tea*] ( ! human race4 ,c>ry y\r feeble lamp to ! great f\nta9 ( light & radiance4 ,put y\r he>t into full accord & sympa?y ) t ( y\r de> eld] ,bro!r4 ,wre/le mightily ) ,god 9 secret1 z "o t feels ! burd5 ( a great want4 ,?us1 my de> pupil1 w y be/ fit y\rself = ! duties ( a /ud5t & ( a tea*]4 ,=1 believe me1 !re is s\nd philosophy z well z religion1 9 ! utt]ance ( ! wise man1 ,! fe> ( ! ,"l is ! beg9n+ ( k4 ,surely t man is a fool1 :o 9 cultivat+ m9d1 :e!r 8 own or t ( ano!r1 neglects to invoke ! aid ( ! ,inf9ite ,m9d4 ,,xxix4 ,,an ,,argum5t ,,= ,,common ,,s*ools4 ,! argum5t = popul> education is famili> & trite1 & yet x ne$s to be occasionally re-/at$ & en=c$4 ,!re is no community 9 :i* !re is n a consid]able numb] ( p]sons grossly & dang]\sly ignorant1 & !re are _m communities 9 :i* ! majority ( ! p are 9 ?is condition4 ,!re is no community 9 :i* ! importance ( g5]al education is ov]-e/imat$2 !re are un=tunately _m communities 9 :i* education is held to be ! lea/ important ( public int]e/s4 ,a brief discussion ( ! subject1 !re=e1 c nev] be entirely out ( place4 ,be=e proce$+ to ! direct argum5t1 let me notice "s ( ! mo/ common objections4 ,x is a n uncommon op9ion1 t ! bus9ess ( education %\ld be left1 l o!r k9ds ( bus9ess1 to ! laws ( trade4 ,x is said if a c>p5t] is want$ 9 any community1 or a blacksmi?1 or a tailor1 or a lawy]1 or a doctor1 c>p5t]s1 blacksmi?s1 tailors1 lawy]s1 & doctors w make _! appe>ance4 ,if a /ore is want$1 a /ore w spr+ up4 ,:y n a s*ool-h\se8 ,^? :o use ?is argum5t =get ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! two classes ( wants to be suppli$4 ,all m5 equally feel ! di/ress1 if nak$1 or hungry1 or sick1 or suff]+ f any mat]ial want4 ,! poor man1 no less ?an ! ri*1 feels ! p9*+s ( hung]1 & w ex]t himself to rem$y ! evil4 ,! sick man1 ev5 m ?an ! well1 appreciates ! value ( m$ic9e & ! necessity ( a physician4 ,n s 9 ! matt] ( k4 ,a man mu/ himself be educat$1 to und]/& ! value ( education4 ,!re are exceptions1 ( c\rse4 ,yet x is sub/antially true1 t ! want ( education is n "o ( ^? felt & p9*+ necessities t compel m5's att5tion1 & t consequ5tly may be left to %ift = !mselves4 ,a man :o has himself enjoy$ ! bless+ ( a good education1 expects to provide s*ools = 8 *ildr51 z mu* z he expects to provide = !m food & clo?+4 ,! wants ( _! m9ds are to him press+ realities1 z mu* z are ! wants ( _! bodies4 ,n s ) ! ignorant & debas$ neighbors1 :o live )9 /one's ?r[ ( 8 dwell+4 ,!y1 f _! own exp]i5ce1 "k no?+ bett]1 & are q cont5t1 bo? = !mselves & _! *ildr51 to live on 9 ! debas$ condition 9 :i* we see !m4 ,if ^! wret*$ creatures are ev] mov$ to seek a high] /yle ( liv+ & be+1 ! movem5t mu/ orig9ate outside ( !mselves4 ,x is a case 9 :i* ! man ( high] advantages mu/ ?9k & act = ^? bel[ him4 ,x is a case 9 :i* p h a press+ ne$ )\t kn[+ x1 & 9 :i* consequ5tly ! laws ( supply & dem& d n meet ! em]g5cy4 ,ano!r common op9ion on ?is subject is t private ent]prise is adequate to meet ! want4 ,private ent]prise 9 education is n inde$ to be disc>d$4 ,:]e ! community z a :ole1 9 its organiz$ capacity1 w d no?+1 let individuals d :at !y c4 ,9 su* cases1 let ^? :o appreciate ! advantages ( education1 conc]t measures = ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools & ! employm5t ( tea*]s1 & = induc+ p>5ts :o are indiff]5t to s5d _! *ildr54 ,by ^! private ef=ts1 ! community may be gradually awak5$ to ! importance ( ! subject1 & s be induc$ to take x up on _! own acc\nt4 ,b private b5evol5ce is n suffici5t = s great a "w4 ,private b5evol5ce besides is apt to be fitful4 ,x is at be/ subject to int]ruption by dea? & by rev]ses ( =tune1 :ile ! cause is "o :i* especially dem&s /ead9ess & cont9uity4 ,! means = educat+ a community or a city %\ld no m be subject to int]ruption1 ?an ! means ( light+ x1 or ( supply+ x ) wat]4 ,! argum5t = dep5d+ ^u private ent]prise = devis+ & provid+ ! means = popul> education1 w\ld apply equally well to matt]s ( police1 & to ! protection ( prop]ty4 ,! /rong-arm$ & ! sagaci\s c take c>e ( !mselves4 ,! /\t-he>t$ & ! good1 by due conc]t & comb9ation1 c\ld keep crim9als 9 "s *eck1 ev5 9 a c\ntry :]e !re 7 no c\rts ( ju/ice1 or prisons1 or detective police4 ,b ?is is n ! ord9>y or ! be/ mode ( accompli%+ ! end1 nor c\ld x 9 any case be ?or\ghly effici5t4 ,! re/ra9t & puni%m5t ( crime belong to society z a :ole1 9 its sov]eign capacity4 ,to ! same society belongs ! duty ( see+ t its memb]s d n fall into degrad+ ignorance & vice4 ,god1 9 orda9+ human society1 _h some?+ high] 9 view ?an m]ely provid+ = ! puni%m5t ( crime4 ,our ,heav5ly ,fa!r w\ld h 8 *ildr5 rais$ to ! full enjoym5t ( _! privileges z social & rational be+s1 & he seems to h e/abli%$ society = ?is v end1 among o!rs1 t !re may be an ag5cy & a ma*9]y adequate & fitt$ to drag ev5 ! unwill+ out ( ! mire into :i* !y h fall54 ,)\t su* an int]position on ! "p ( society z a :ole1 ! "w w n be done4 ,! mass ( ! p w rema9 9 ignorance 9 e community1 9 :i* ! community z su* does n provide ! means ( education & g5]al enlight5m5t4 ,x is (t5 urg$ aga9/ common s*ools1 t !y t5d to impair p>5tal obligation4 ,let u look ?is objection fairly 9 ! face4 ,! argum5t is /at$ z foll[s4 ,if ! community1 9 its organic capacity z a civil gov]nm5t1 provides sy/ematically = ! in/ruction ( ! "y1 ! sy/em1 j s f> z x is successful & complete1 does away ) ! necessity = any o!r provision4 ,! p>5t1 f9d+ ?is "w done to 8 h&s1 feels no necessity ( look+ aft] x himself1 & s gradually loses all s5se ( obligation on ! subject4 ,su* a result1 x is cont5d$1 is 9 contrav5tion ( ! pla9e/ dictates ( nature & ! mo/ positive tea*+s ( religion1 bo? nature & religion requir+ x z a prim>y duty ( e p>5t to give 8 *ild a suitable education4 ,9 meet+ ?is objection1 ! fri5ds ( common s*ools agree ) ! objector to ! fulle/ ext5t 9 ass]t+ ! imp]ative1 univ]sal1 irrepealable duty ( ! p>5t to educate 8 own *ild4 ,! duty is n ! less b9d+ on ! p>5t1 because a l duty1 cov]+ ! same po9t1 re/s also on ! community4 ,! int]e/s involv$ are s mom5t\s1 t ,god 9 8 wise ord9ation has giv5 !m a d\ble security4 ,x is a case 9 :i* two di/9ct p>ties are bo? sep>ately requir$ to see "o & ! same ?+ done4 ,x is l tak+ two indors]s to a note4 ,! obligation ( "o indors] is n impair$1 because ano!r man equally ) himself is b\nd = paym5t ,if a *ild gr[s up 9 ignorance & vice1 :ile ,god w und\bt$ly hold ! p>5t responsible1 he w also n hold ! community guiltless4 ,bo? p>ties w be guilty be=e him1 bo? p>ties w be puni%$4 ,a man is b\nd to ma9ta9 a c]ta9 am\nt ( cleanl9ess ab\t 8 habitation4 ,if he fails to d s1 & if 9 consequ5ce ( ?is failure ! atmosph]e ar\nd him becomes ta9t$ & mal>i\s1 he & 8 w suff]4 ,disease & dea? w visit 8 abode4 ,b ! consequ5ces w n end "h4 ,! infection w ext5d4 ,! :ole community w be affect$ by x4 ,! :ole community1 equally ) ! individual1 are b\nd to see t ! cause ( ! infection is remov$4 ,! infection w n sp>e ! community because ! individual has g5]at$ x1 nor w x sp>e ! individual because ! community has fail$ to remove x4 ,ea* p>ty has a duty & a p]il ( its own 9 reg>d to ! same matt]4 ,! fact is1 individuals & ! community are s b\nd toge!r1 t on _m po9ts _! obligations lie 9 co9cid5t l9es4 ,! matt] ( education is "o ( ^! po9ts4 ,god has orda9$ ! p>5tal relation1 & has implant$ ! p>5tal affections1 = ?is v reason1 among o!rs1 t ! faculties ( ! helpless "y immortal may h due tra9+ & developm5t1--t ?is developm5t may n be left to *ance1 l t ( a wor?less we$1 b may h ! protection & gu>dian%ip :i* are ! necess>y bir?right ( e rational creature br\ght into be+ by ! volunt>y act ( ano!r4 ,b ,god has orda9$ society also = ?is same end1 among o!rs1 namely1 t 8 rational creatures may h a compet5t ag5cy1 b\nd by ! laws & necessities ( its own welf>e to make adequate provision = ! in/ruction & education ( e human be+4 ,! "o duty does n conflict ) ! o!r4 ,! "o obligation does n impair ! o!r4 ,bo? lie 9 co9cid5t l9es4 ,b1 z a "q ( fact1 is x true t common s*ools impair ! s5se ( obligation 9 ! m9ds ( p>5ts 9 reg>d to ! duty ( educat+ _! *ildr58 ,i affirm ! fact to be exactly ! contr>y4 ,^? communities 9 :i* !re are no common s*ools1 & 9 :i* ! p g5]ally are 9 a /ate ( deplorable ignorance1 are precisely ^? 9 :i* ! s5se ( p>5tal obligation on ?is po9t is at ! l[e/ ebb4 ,g to a region ( c\ntry 9 :i* n "o man 9 t5 c read & write1 & y w f9d t n "o man 9 t5 w c>e :e!r 8 *ildr5 are taught to read & write4 ,^? communities on ! contr>y :i* h ! be/ & mo/ complete sy/em ( common s*ools1 & 9 :i* ?is sy/em has prevail$ longe/ & has tak5 mo/ complete hold ( ! public m9d1 are ! v ones 9 :i* individuals w be f\nd mo/ ke5ly alive to ! importance ( ! subject1 & 9 :i* a p>5t w be reg>d$ z a mon/]1 if 8 *ildr5 are all[$ to gr[ up un$ucat$4 ,! objection1 !re=e1 has no f\ndation ei!r 9 fact or 9 reason4 ,!re is moreov] ano!r consid]ation n to be ov]look$4 ,9 ?is matt] ( education1 x is aft] all b a small "p :i* ! s*ool does = a *ild4 ,! ma9 "p ( ! *ild's education always takes place at home4 ,! tea*] is at be/ only an aid to ! p>5t1 supplem5t+ ! influ5ces ( ! home & ! /reet4 ,! *ild is tak+ lessons cont9ually f ! fa!r & "m1 :e!r !y mean x or n4 ,e tea*] kn[s h[ mu* m rapidly a *ild improves at s*ool1 ^: p>5ts are well educat$1 & h[ difficult x is to tea* a *ild :o at home lives 9 an atmosph]e ( pr(\nd ignorance4 ,! m9d ( ! "o ^: home is a region ( d>kness & intellectual torpor1 w be dw>f$ & di/ort$1 no matt] :at ! ef=ts ( its tea*]s4 ,! m9d ( ! "o1 on ! contr>y1 ^: home is ! abode ( intellectual light1 w>m?1 & sun%9e1 w h a correspond+ gr[? & expansion at s*ool4 ,!re is a cont9ual unconsci\s tuition1 good or bad1 receiv$ f ! v atmosph]e ( ! family4 ,besides ?is1 !re is a great deal ( direct1 active duty to be p]=m$ by ! p>5t 9 ! education ( ! *ild4 ,no matt] h[ good ! s*ool1 or h[ fai?ful ! tea*]1 !re always rema9s mu* to be done by ! p>5t1 ev5 9 reg>d to ! s*ool duties4 ,! p>5t mu/ see t lessons are prep>$1 t ! *ild is prop]ly provid$ ) books1 t ! meal times & ! o!r arrangem5ts ( ! h\sehold are su* z to help =w>d ! *ild's /udies4 ,!re are a hundr$ ?+s :i* ! fa!r & "m c d to help or to h9d] ! "w ( ! s*ool4 ,a *ild1 ^: p>5ts give prop] home sup]vision ov] 8 /udies1 w1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 make twice ! progress ( "o ^: p>5ts give ! matt] no att5tion4 ,! community1 !re=e1 9 e/abli%+ common s*ools1 does by no means take ! :ole matt] ( education out ( ! h&s ( ! p>5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 x /ill leaves ) him ! mo/ important & necess>y ( ! duties connect$ ) ! education ( 8 *ildr51 :ile x gives him aids = ! p]=mance ( ! rema9+ duties1 :i* no private means c ord9>ily supply4 ,i come1 h[ev]1 to a mu* grav] objection4 ,x is urg$ aga9/ common s*ools1 z organiz$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 t religi\s in/ruction is exclud$ f !m1 & t )\t ?is elem5t !y only t5d to make educat$ villa9s4 ,education1 x is said1 )\t ! re/ra9+ & sanctify+ influ5ces ( religion1 only puts into ! h&s ( ! multitude great] p[] = evil4 ,if ?is objection is valid1 ! mo/ enlight5$ & ,*ri/ian communities ( ! _w h made1 & are mak+1 an enorm\s mi/ake4 ,yet ! objection is urg$ ) s]i\sness by m5 ^: purity ( motive is above "q1 & ^: p]sonal "* gives great weight to _! op9ions4 ,! objection orig9at$ 9 ,engl&1 :]e all attempts to make legislative provision = ! education ( ! common p h be5 /eadily resi/$ by a pot5tial p>ty 9 ! e/abli%$ *ur*4 ,! argum5ts put =? 9 ! ,engli% religi\s j\rnals h be5 reproduc$ 9 ! j\rnals "h1 & h 9 _m in/ances awak5$ ! appreh5sions ( s]i\s-m9d$ p]sons4 ,x is wor? :ile1 !re=e1 to give ! subject "s di/9ct consid]ation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! facts are n exactly z /at$ by ^? mak+ ! objection4 ,?\gh little direct religi\s in/ruction may be giv5 9 ! common s*ool1 !re is usually a l>ge am\nt ( religi\s influ5ce4 ,a great majority ( ! tea*]s ( our common s*ools are pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians4 ,v _m ( !m are among our mo/ active ,sabba?-s*ool tea*]s4 ,n[ a truly godly man or woman1 at ! head ( a s*ool1 ?\gh nev] speak+ a ^w directly on ! subject ( religion1 yet by ! p[] ( a sil5t1 consi/5t example1 ex]ts a cont9ual ,*ri/ian influ5ce4 ,9 ! second place1 z a matt] ( fact1 direct religi\s tea*+ is n entirely exclud$ f our public s*ools4 ,i ?9k1 x by no means holds t prom95t position 9 ! c\rse ( /udy :i* x %\ld hold4 ,b x is n entirely exclud$4 ,! ,bible1 ) v r>e exceptions1 is read daily 9 all our common s*ools4 ,x is appeal$ to z ultimate au?ority 9 que/ions ( hi/ory & morals4 ,x is quot$ = illu/ration 9 que/ions ( ta/e4 ,x is 9 _m s*ools a text-book = direct /udy4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 n9e out ( t5 ( ! *ildr5 ( ! week-day s*ool att5d ! ,sabba?-s*ool4 ,! ,sabba?-s*ool supplem5ts ! in/ructions ( ! week-day s*ool4 ,! case1 !re=e1 is n t ( an education purely intellectual4 ,moral & religi\s in/ruction accompanies ! in/ruction 9 worldly k4 ,! ,sabba?-s*ool1 ! *ur*1 & ! family1 by _! comb9$ & ceaseless activities1 infuse into our c\rse ( elem5t>y education a mu* l>g] religi\s +r$i5t ?an a /rang] might suppose1 :o %\ld conf9e 8 exam9ation to a m]e inspection ( our common s*ools1 or to ! read+ ( ! annual reports ( our educational bo>ds4 ,b ap>t f all ^! consid]ations1 tak+ ! "q 9 its nak$ =m1 is x true t m]e intellectual education has ! t5d5cy alleg$8 ,i d n believe x4 ,! con/itution ( ! human m9d gives no w>rant = su* an inf]5ce4 ,record$1 indisputable facts1 ov]:elm+ly disprove x4 ,s f> is x f be+ true t ! m]e diffusion ( k has a t5d5cy to make m5 knaves & infidels1 ,i believe ! v opposite to be true4 ,k is ! natural ally ( religion4 ,to hold o!rwise1 is to disp>age & di%onor religion--to imply1 if n to say1 t ignorance is ! "m ( devotion4 ,!re is an inborn antagonism betwe5 ! intellectual & ! s5sual nature ( man4 ,if y give to ! intellect no developm5t1 y leave ! s5ses z ! rul+ p[]4 ,we see ?is /rik+ly illu/rat$ 9 ! idiotic1 :o are = ! mo/ "p disgu/+ly s5sual4 ,among a population grossly ignorant & un$ucat$1 s5sualism prevails 9 its mo/ appall+ =ms4 ,! man is a s5suali/1 simply because he kn[s no high] pleasures4 ,he is degrad$1 because he has no motives to be o!rwise4 ,he is b>ely above a brute4 ,! am\nt ( crime1 ( ! co>se/ & mo/ debas+ "*1 among ! un$ucat$ peasantry ( ,engl&1 is almo/ incr$ible4 ,"h is a description ( an ,engli% peasant ( ! pres5t day1 giv5 by a compet5t unimpea*$ witness1 himself an ,engli%man4 ,i quote f a "w on ,! ,social ,condition & ,education ( ! ,p ( ,engl&1 by ,joseph ,kay1 ,esq41 ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge1 :o 0 commission$ by ! ,s5ate ( ! ,univ]sity to travel = ! purpose ( exam9+ into ! social condition ( ! poor] classes4 ,says ,mr4 ,kay3 ,y _c address an ,engli% peasant1 )\t be+ /ruck ) ! intellectual d>kness :i* surr\nds him4 ,!re is nei!r speculation 9 8 eye nor intellig5ce 9 8 c\nt5ance4 ,8 :ole expression is m t ( an animal ?an ( a man4 ,he is want+ too 9 ! erect & indep5d5t be>+ ( a man4 ,z a class1 our peasants h no amusem5ts beyond ! indulg5ce ( s5se4 ,9 n9e cases out ( t51 recreation is associat$ 9 _! m9ds ) no?+ high] ?an s5suality4 ,ab\t "o half ( our poor c nei!r read nor write1 h nev] be5 9 any s*ool1 & "k little1 or positively no?+1 ( ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 ( moral duties1 or ( any high] pleasures ?an be]-dr9k+ & _s-dr9k+1 & ! grosse/ s5sual indulg5ce4 ,!y live precisely l brutes1 to gratify1 s f> z _! means all[1 ! appetites ( _! uncultivat$ bodies1 & !n die1 to g !y h nev] ?\ght1 c>$1 or wond]$ :i!r4 ,br\ght up 9 ! d>kness ( b>b>ism1 !y h no idea t x is possible = !m to atta9 any high] condition2 !y are n ev5 s5ti5t en\gh to desire1 ) any /r5g? ( feel+1 to *ange _! situation2 !y are n intellig5t en\gh to be p]sev]+ly discont5t$2 !y are n s5sible to :at we call ! voice ( consci5ce2 !y d n und]/& ! necessity ( avoid+ crime1 beyond ! m]e fe> ( ! police & ! jail2 !y h uncle>1 indef9ite1 & undef9able ideas ( all ar\nd !m2 !y eat1 dr9k1 bre$1 "w1 & die2 & :ile !y pass ?r\gh _! brute-l exi/5ce "h1 ! ri*] & m intellig5t classes are oblig$ to gu>d !m ) police & /&+ armies1 & to cov] ! l& ) prisons1 cages1 & all k9ds ( receptacles = ! p]petrators ( crime4 ,surely x mu/ be "s halluc9ation ( m9d1 :i* leads m5 to suppose t ! diffusion ( k among su* a population1 ev5 ?\gh x be only sci5tific & intellectual k1 c h any natural or g5]al t5d5cy adv]se to religion & morals4 ,ap>t1 h[ev]1 f speculation1 & z a pure "q ( fact1 ! record$ /ati/ics ( crime po9t unmi/akably ! o!r way4 ,crim9al records ! _w ov] prove1 beyond reasonable d\bt1 t ! ov]:elm+ majority ( crimes are committ$ by p]sons deplorably ignorant4 ,intellectual education1 !re=e1 ,i cont5d1 ev5 :5 depriv$ ( its natural ally & adjunct1 religi\s tra9+1 has no natural t5d5cy to produce knaves & villa9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is a mo/ effici5t corrective & re/ra9t ( ! evil & debas+ t5d5cies ( human nature4 ,if ! intellect is n s high a region 9 man's con/itution z ! moral p[]s1 :i* ,i readily grant1 x is at lea/ above ! m]e s5sual "p1 9 :i* vice & crime h _! *ief spr+ & alim5t4 ,! "q =tunately is "o susceptible ( a direct appeal to facts4 ,:o are ! m5 & wom5 t p our jails & prisons8 ,are !y p]sons ( education1 or are !y 9 ! ma9 p]sons deplorably ignorant8 ,:at is ! record ( crim9al /ati/ics on ?is po9t8 ,i w quote a few ( ^! /ati/ics1 f a great mass ( simil> evid5ce ly+ be=e me4 ,out ( #beb1edd p]sons committ$ = crime 9 ,engl& & ,wales1 dur+ a s]ies ( ye>s1 #bbi1cjj1 or m ?an #ij p] c5t41 are report$ z un$ucat$1 ei!r entirely unable to read & write1 or able to d s only v imp]fectly2 #bb1aei c\ld read & write1 b n flu5tly2 & only #ajhe 7less ?an "o half p] c5t4 ( ! :ole7 7 :at we call educat$ p]sons4 ,9 n9e consecutive ye>s1 beg9n+ ) ! ye> #ahcg1 only #bh educat$ females 7 br\ght to ! b> ( crim9al ju/ice 9 ,engl& & ,wales1 out ( #g1fgc1fcc females !n liv+ 9 t "p ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom2 & 9 ! ye> #ahda1 out ( ! same population1 n "o educat$ female 0 committ$ = trial4 ,9 a special commission1 held 9 #ahdb1 to try ^? :o _h be5 guilty ( riot+ & di/urbance 9 ! manufactur+ di/ricts1 out ( #efg ?us tri$1 #aed c\ld nei!r read nor write1 #aee c\ld read only1 #ahd c\ld read & write imp]fectly1 #gc c\ld read & write well1 & only "o _h receiv$ sup]ior in/ruction4 ,9 #ahdj1 9 #bj c\nties ( ,engl& & ,wales1 ) a population ( #h1gbd1cch1 !re 7 convict$ ( crime only #ei educat$ p]sons1 or "o = e #adg1hgj inhabitants4 ,9 #cb o!r c\nties1 ) a population ( #g1ahb1dia1 ! records furni%$ n "o convict :o _h receiv$ m ?an ! m]e/ elem5ts ( in/ruction4 ,9 #ahda1 9 #ae ,engli% c\nties1 ) a population ( #i1efi1jfd1 !re 7 convict$ only #gd in/ruct$ p]sons1 or "o to e #abi1caa inhabitants1 :ile ! #be rema9+ c\nties & ! :ole ( ,wales1 ) a population ( #f1cdb1ffa1 did n furni% "o s+le conviction ( a p]son :o _h receiv$ m ?an ! m]e elem5ts ( education4 ,9 #ahde1 out ( a total ( #ei1abc p]sons tak5 into cu/ody1 #ae1bfc c\ld nei!r read nor write1 & #ci1fei c\ld b>ely read1 & c\ld write v imp]fectly4 ,9 ! f\r be/ taught c\nties ( ,engl&1 ! numb] ( s*ools be+ "o = e sev5 hundr$ inhabitants1 ! numb] ( crim9al convictions 0 "o a ye> = e #aajh inhabitants4 ,9 ! f\r wor/ taught c\nties1 ! numb] ( s*ools be+ "o = e #aeja inhabitants1 ! numb] ( convictions 0 "o a ye> = e #eej inhabitants4 ,t is1 9 "o set ( c\nties1 ! p 7 ab\t twice z well educat$ z 9 ! o!r1 & "o half z mu* addict$ to crime4 ,9 o!r words1 9 proportion z ! p 7 educat$1 7 !y free f crime4 ,?rift & good morals usually keep pace ) ! spread ( intellig5ce among ! p4 ,?is has be5 ! result 9 all ^? c\ntries ( ,europe :]e good common s*ools are ma9ta9$1 z 9 ,icel&1 ,norway1 ,sw$51 ,d5m>k1 ,holl&1 ,belgium1 & mo/ ( ! ,g]man ,/ates4 ,paup]ism1 ) its att5dant evils & crimes1 is almo/ unkn[n 9 ^? c\ntries1 :ile 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! common p are worse educat$ ?an ^? ( any ,prote/ant nation 9 ! _w1 paup]ism has become an evil :i* h] wise/ /atesm5 h giv5 up z unmanageable4 ,9 #ahdh1 9 addition to hundr$s ( p]sons assi/$ by *>itable individuals1 no less ?an #a1hgf1eda paup]s 7"o out ( e eight ( ! population67 7 reliev$ by ! bo>ds ( gu>dians ( ! poor1 at an exp5se f ! public purse ( ne>ly ?irty millions ( doll>s4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 ! same pa9s h n be5 tak5 to collect /ati/ics on ?is subject1 because comp>atively little controv]sy ab\t x has exi/$ "h to call =? inquiry4 ,we z a p h g5]ally tak5 x = grant$ t popul> education less5s crime & paup]ism4 ,/ill1 facts en\gh h be5 record$ to %[ ! same results "h z else:]e4 ,:5 an educat$ villa9 is convict$1 l ,monroe ,edw>ds or ,pr(essor ,web/]1 ! fact becomes s notori\s by means ( ! press1 t x is unconsci\sly multipli$ 9 our imag9ation1 & we ?9k ! in/ances m num]\s ?an !y really are4 ,we nev] ?9k ( ! scores ( obscure villa9s t are convict$ e week all ! ye> r\nd4 ,a quotation or two f ! facts :i* h be5 record$1 w be suffici5t to satisfy u on ?is po9t4 ,9 ! ,ohio p5it5ti>y1 out ( #bgf inmates1 ne>ly all 7 report$ z ignorant1 & #age z grossly s4 ,9 ! ,auburn prison1 ,new ,york1 out ( #bdd inmates1 only #ci c\ld read & write4 ,9 ! ,s+ ,s+ prison1 no (ficial record has be5 made on ?is po9t4 ,b ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,luckey1 = m ?an tw5ty ye>s *apla9 ( ! prison1 is oblig$ by ! prison regulations to sup]9t5d & read all ! lett]s betwe5 ! prison]s & _! fri5ds4 ,9 ?is mann] he becomes p]sonally acqua9t$ ) ! condition ( ! convicts 9 reg>d to education4 ,he report$ a few mon?s s9ce to ! writ] ( ^! pages1 t :ile !re are always "s among ! convicts :o h be5 educat$1 yet ! great mass ( !m are /olidly ignorant4 ,!re are usually betwe5 "o & two hundr$ le>n+ to read1 & ?is does n include ! half ( ^? :o are unable to read1 z ! att5dance ^u ! class is volunt>y1 ! accommodations are meagre1 & mo/ ( ! prison]s are indiff]5t to _! own improvem5t4 ,n five 9 a hundr$ c write o!rwise ?an 9 ! mo/ clumsy & awkw>d mann]1 & ) ! grosse/ blund]s 9 or?ography1 & n m ?an two 9 a hundr$ c write a s5t5ce grammatically4 ,out ( ! #gjj !n 9 prison1 only ?ree 7 lib]ally educat$1 & two ( ^! 7 =eign]s4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 9 #ahda1 ! ratio ( un$ucat$ crim9als to ! :ole numb] ( un$ucat$ p]sons 0 tw5ty-eight times z great z ! ratio ( educat$ inhabitants4 ,9 view ( ! facts :i* h be5 giv51 & :i* might be multipli$ to almo/ any ext5t1 x is n easy to avoid ! conclusion t m]e intellectual education has "s p[] to re/ra9 m5 f ! commission ( crime4 ,assur$ly1 ignorance & s9 are natural adjuncts & allies4 ,s*ools und\bt$ly co/ some?+4 ,! community t und]takes to educate ! masses1 or ! individual t und]takes to educate 8 *ildr51 mu/ expect to h a s]i\s bill to pay4 ,x is a p]nici\s folly to inculcate ! contr>y4 ,! advocate ( popul> education1 :o tries to p]suade p into ! exp]im5t1 "u ! assurance t ! exp5se w be trifl+1 misleads 8 read]s1 & puts back ! cause :i* he w\ld fa9 put =w>d4 ,b !re is a mo/ significant p] contra 9 ! acc\nt1 & on ?is !re is no dang] ( dwell+ too mu*4 ,no?+ is s co/ly z crime1 & no prev5tive ( crime is m effici5t ?an education4 ,s*oolh\ses are *eap] ?an jails1 tea*]s & books are a bett] security ?an h&cuffs & policem54 ,!re are educat$ villa9s1 x is true4 ,b !y are r>e1 & !y attract ! great] att5tion by ! v fact ( _! r>ity4 ,b g into a prison1 or a crim9al c\rt1 or a police c\rt1 & see :o !y are t ma9ly occupy ! proce$+s ( our exp5sive ma*9]y ( crim9al ju/ice4 ,n9e-t5?s ( ^? mis]able creatures are 9 a /ate ( mo/ deplorable ignorance4 ,degrad$1 s5sual1 ) no k ( any?+ bett] ?an ! indulg5ce ( ! l[e/ passions1 )\t m5tal res\rces1 or any av5ue to intellectual enjoym5t1 !y (t5 resort to crime f %e] want ( some?+ bett] to d4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,johnson 0 ask$1 ,:o is ! mo/ mis]able man8 8 reply 01 ,! man :o _c read on a ra9y day4 ,!re is pr(\nd mean+ 9 ! answ]4 ,! man :o has be5 educat$1 :o n only c read1 b has acquir$ a ta/e = read+1 & = read+ ( a prop] k9d1 is r>ely driv5 into l[ & debas+ crime4 ,he has res\rces )9 himself1 :i* are a c\nt]poise to ! incitem5ts ( 8 animal nature4 ,8 awak5$ intellect & consci5ce also make him und]/& m cle>ly ! dang] & guilt ( a life ( crime4 ,_m ( ! de$s :i* swell ! records ( our crim9al c\rts spr+ f pov]ty1 z e crim9al lawy] well kn[s1 & !re is no rem$y aga9/ extreme pov]ty s sure z education4 ,! old adage says t k is p[]4 ,x is also weal?4 ,a man ) ev5 an ord9>y1 common s*ool education1 c turn himself 9 a hundr$ ways1 :]e a m]e ignorant boor w\ld be utt]ly helpless4 ,! faculties are develop$1 +5uity is quick5$1 ! man's res\rces are enl>g$4 ,an educat$ man may be tempt$ to crime1 b he is n driv5 into x1 z hundr$s are daily1 by m]e pov]ty1 or by an intol]able hung] ( ! m9d = enjoym5t ( "s k9d4 ,s*ools1 !n1 especially s*ools 9 :i* moral & religi\s tru? is inculcat$1 are ! mo/ p[]ful means ( less5+ crime1 & ( less5+ ! co/ly & frightful app>atus ( crim9al adm9i/ration4 ,z s*oolh\ses & *ur*es increase 9 ! l&1 jails & prisons dim9i%4 ,z k is diffus$1 prop]ty becomes secure1 & rises 9 value4 ,a community1 !re=e1 is b\nd to see t its memb]s are prop]ly educat$1 if = no o!r reason1 9 m]e self-def5ce4 ,! _m mu/ be educat$1 9 ord] t ! _m may be protect$4 ,a great city is j z sacr$ly b\nd to provide = its teem+ population ! light ( k1 z x is to provide mat]ial light = its /reets4 ,! "o k9d ( illum9ation1 equally ) ! o!r1 is an ess5tial "p ( its police4 ,no matt] :at ! co/1 ! d>k holes & alleys mu/ be flood$ ) ! light ( tru?1 be=e :i* ! owls & bats & vampyres ( society w be scatt]$ to ! w9ds4 ,a great city )\t s*ools w\ld be a hell1--a see?+ caldron ( vice1 impurity1 & crime4 ,no man ( s\nd m9d w\ld *oose su* a place = ! resid5ce ( himself & family1 :o _h ! means ( liv+ 9 any o!r place4 ,if we c\ld suppose two cities entirely equal 9 o!r respects1 b 9 "o ( !m a sup]ior & co/ly sy/em ( free s*ools1 :ile ! o!r sp5t n a doll> ^u s*ools1 b dep5d$ solely ^u ! rigors ( ! law & ! /rong arm ( av5g+ ju/ice = re/ra9+ ! ignorant & corrupt masses1 c !re be any d\bt :i* city w\ld be ! safe/ & mo/ desirable place ( resid5ce8 ,:atev] view ( ?is subject may be tak5 9 o!r c\ntries1 we 9 ?is c\ntry are %ut up to ! necessity ( popul> education4 ,we at lea/ h no *oice4 ,univ]sal suffrage necessitates univ]sal education4 ,if we d n educate our p1 educate univ]sally1 educate wisely & lib]ally1 we c h>dly expect to ma9ta9 p]man5tly our popul> in/itutions4 ,! man's vote1 :o _c read ! names on ! ballot :i* he ?r[s into ! box1 c\nts j z mu* 9 decid+ public affairs z y\rs1 :o are v]s$ 9 /atesman%ip & political economy4 ,he is a p>tn] 9 ! political firm4 ,y c nei!r )draw f ! firm y\rself1 nor c y ?r[ him out4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( g5]al education1 ?is trem5d\s p[] ( suffrage is some?+ frightful to contemplate4 ,! greate/ despotism on e>?1 says ,de ,tocqueville1 is an excit$1 untaught public s5tim5t2 & we %\ld hate n only despots1 b despotism4 ,:5 ,i feel ! h& ( p[] lie heavy on my br[1 ,i c>e n to "k :o oppresses me2 ! yoke is n ! easi]1 because x is held out to me by a million ( m54 ,! dang] f ?is s\rce is int5sifi$ by ! imm5se immigration f abroad :i* is go+ on1 & :i* bids fair v greatly to increase4 ,! great majority ( ^? :o seek our %ores1 come "h ignorant4 ,) little k ( any k9d1 & ) no k :atev] ( ! nature ( republican in/itutions1 ^! m51 almo/ at once1 are made %>]s ( ! popul> sov]eignty1 ) all its trem5d\s p[]s ( peace & w>1 ord] & an>*y1 life & dea?4 ,n to h a sy/em ( public education1 by :i* ^! ignorant & dang]\s masses %all be enlight5$1 & %all be assimilat$ to ! re/1 & to ! bett] "p1 ( ! population1 is simply suicidal4 ,our national life hangs ^u our common s*ools4 ,besides ?is grave political consid]ation1 affect+ ! int]e/s ( ! entire body politic1 & ! "q ( ! success & /ability ( our national in/itutions1 !re is ano!r consid]ation com+ home closely & individually to ea* man's p]sonal int]e/s4 ,:]e ! law ( trial by jury prevails1 e citiz51 :e!r educat$ or ignorant1 takes "p 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,twelve m51 tak5 indiscrim9ately f ! mass ( ! p1 or if ) any discrim9ation1 tak5 m frequ5tly f ! l[] walks ( life ?an f ! high]1 are plac$ 9 a jury box to decide ^u almo/ e possible "q ( human int]e/s4 ,! jury decides y\r =tune1 y\r reputation4 ,! jury says :e!r y live or die4 ,g into a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,are !y light matt]s :i* ^? twelve m5 are to det]m9e8 ,look at ! anxi\s faces ( ^? ^: e/ates1 ^: good "n1 ^: worldly all hangs ^u ! intellig5ce ( ^? twelve m51 or ( any "o ( !m4 ,:at assurance h y1 save t :i* comes f popul> education1 t ^! m5 w und]/& & d _! duty8 ,:o w\ld l to tru/ 8 legal rights or 8 p]sonal safety to ! v]dict ( a jury ( ,neapolitan lazz>oni8 ,9 a few %ort ye>s1 ! idle boys :o are n[ pr[l+ ab\t ! /reets & alleys ( our t[ns1 ! :>f-rats ( our cities1 w be a "p ( our jurym54 ,is x ( no consequ5ce to me1 :e!r _! m9ds %all be e>ly tra9$ & discipl9$1 s t !y w be capable ( foll[+ a tra9 ( argum5t1 or ( compreh5d+ a /atem5t ( facts8 ,h[ is x possible to adm9i/] ju/ice ) any degree ( fairness & effici5cy1 :]e ! majority ( ^? :o are to con/itute ! jurym5 & ! witnesses are /olidly ignorant8 ,by common law1 e man has a "r to be tri$ by 8 pe]s4 ,let law !n provide t ^? %all1 9 "s sub/antial s5se1 be my pe]s1 on ^: voice my all 9 life may dep5d4 ,b let u recur once m to ! economical "p ( ! argum5t4 ,:5 a community is tax$ = ! support ( common s*ools1 ! "q naturally rises among ! taxpay]s1 ,is ! sy/em wor? ! co/8 ,does ! community1 by ! diffusion ( k & education1 ga9 en\gh to c\nt]balance ! l>ge exp5se :i* su* education involves8 ,ev5 if ?is "q c\ld n be answ]$ 9 ! affirmative1 x w\ld n foll[ t common s*ools %\ld be disp5s$ )4 ,common s*ools are ne$$ z ! be/ & *eape/ protection aga9/ ! crimes incid5t to an ignorant & degrad$ population4 ,common s*ools are "r & prop]1 because )\t !m ! majority ( ^? creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god w nev] atta9 to t noble manhood :i* is _! rightful inh]itance4 ,b ! argum5t w receive additional =ce1 if x c be %[n t g5]al education increases ! weal? ( ! community4 ,t education does h ?is effect is evid5t1 ,i ?9k1 f two indep5d5t l9es ( argum5t4 ,fir/1 an intellig5t1 educat$ man is capable individually ( a*iev+ great] mat]ial results ?an "o :o is ignorant4 ,secondly1 ! g5]al diffusion ( intellig5ce ?r\gh a community leads to labor-sav+ inv5tions1 & ?us increases its produc+ p[]4 ,9 reg>d to ! fir/ l9e ( argum5t1 "s curi\s & in/ructive facts 7 collect$ a few ye>s s9ce by ! late ,horace ,mann4 ,8 inquiries 7 direct$ to ! effici5cy ( op]atives 9 factories1 a class ( m5 :o w\ld seem to require z little g5]al intellig5ce z any k9d ( labor]s4 ,x 0 f\nd t1 z a g5]al rule1 ^? op]atives :o c\ld sign _! names to _! weekly receipts = money1 7 able to d "o-?ird m "w1 & to d x bett]1 ?an ^? :o made _! m>k4 ,nor is ?is at all to be wond]$ at4 ,!re is no k9d ( "w1 done by ! aid ( human muscle1 t is purely me*anical4 ,m9d is p>tn] 9 all t ! body does4 ,m9d directs & controls muscle1 & ev5 9 em]g5cy gives x additional en]gy & p[]4 ,no matt] h[ simple ! process 9 :i* an op]ative may be engag$1 "s cultivation ( 8 m5tal p[]s is ne$$4 ,)\t x he misdirects 8 own movem5ts1 & mi/akes cont9ually ! ord]s ( 8 sup]9t5d+ workman4 ,a boy :o has be5 to a good common s*ool1 & has _h 8 m5tal activities quick5$1 & ^: m9d has be5 /imulat$ & r\s$ by wor?y motives1 n only w be m indu/ri\s = x :5 he becomes a man1 b 8 indu/ry w be m effective4 ,he w accompli% m1 ev5 z a day labor]1 ?an ! m]e ignorant boor4 ,:5 we come to any k9d ( skill$ labor1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! educat$ & ! ignorant is /ill m app>5t4 ,an intellig5t me*anic is wor? twice z mu* z "o ignorant & /upid4 ,_m ye>s ago a v in/ructive fact on ?is po9t came "u my own p]sonal obs]vation4 ,a g5tleman ( my acqua9tance _h frequ5t ne$ ( ! aid ( a c>p5t]4 ,! "w to be done 0 n regul> c>p5try1 b v>i\s odd jobs1 alt]ations & adaptations to suit special wants1 & no little "t & mat]ials 7 wa/$ 9 ! p]petual misconceptions & mi/akes ( ! successive workm5 employ$4 ,at l5g? a workman 0 s5t :o 0 a ,g]man1 f ! k+dom ( ,prussia4 ,aft] li/5+ att5tively to ! ord]s giv51 & do+ :at he c\ld to und]/& :at 8 employ] want$1 ,mi*ael w\ld :ip out 8 p5cil1 & 9 two or ?ree m9utes1 ) a few rapid l9es1 w\ld pres5t a sket* ( ! article1 s cle> t any "o c\ld recognize x at a glance4 ,x c\ld be se5 at once1 also1 :e!r ! int5tion ( 8 employ] _h be5 rightly conceiv$1 & :e!r x 0 practicable4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t s long z ,mi*ael 0 employ$1 !re 0 no m wa/e ( mat]ials & "t1 to say no?+ ( ! vexation ( cont9u$ failures4 ,mi*ael 0 n really m skilful z a c>p5t] ?an ! _m o!rs :o _h prec$$ him4 ,b 8 k ( draw+1 ga9$ 9 a common s*ool 9 8 native c\ntry1 made 8 s]vices wor? f fifty c5ts to a doll> a day m ?an ^? ( any o!r workman 9 ! %op1 & he actually receiv$ two doll>s a day1 :5 o!rs 9 ! same %op 7 receiv+ only a doll> & a qu>t]4 ,he 0 always 9 dem&1 & he always receiv$ extra wages1 & 8 "w ev5 at t rate 0 consid]$ *eap4 ,:at 0 true ( ,mi*ael 9 c>p5try1 w\ld be true ( any o!r dep>tm5t ( me*anical indu/ry4 ,9 cab9et-mak+1 9 %oe-mak+1 9 tailor+1 9 masonry1 9 uphol/]y1 9 ! v>i\s contrivances ( t9 & %eet iron ) :i* our h\ses are made com=table1 9 gas-fitt+ & plumb+1 9 ! ?\s&-&-"o necessities ( ! f>m1 ! g>d51 & ! kit*51 a workman :o is ready & exp]t ) 8 p5cil1 :o has le>n$ to put 8 own ideas1 or ^? ( ano!r1 rapidly on pap]1 is wor? fifty p] c5t4 m ?an 8 fell[s :o h n ?is skill4 ,! example ( ?is man 0 br\ght vividly to my m9d at a lat] day1 9 ,philadelphia1 :5 an important educational "q 0 "u discussion4 ,rembr&t ,peale _h two dreams1 ea* wor?y ( 8 g5ius4 ,"o 0 to pa9t a ,wa%+ton :i* %\ld g d[n to po/]ity2 ! o!r 0 s to simplify ! elem5ts ( ! art ( draw+ t "y boys & girls might le>n x z univ]sally z !y le>n to read & write4 ,he sp5t long ye>s 9 matur+ a little "w = ?is purpose1 no bigg] ?an a prim] or a spell+-book1 & a det]m9$ ef=t 0 made on ! "p ( "s ( ! fri5ds ( popul> education to introduce ! /udy into ! prim>y public s*ools ( ,philadelphia4 ,x 0 introduc$ into ! ,high ,s*ools4 ,b its b5efits 7 limit$ to a comp>atively small numb]4 ,! hope & ! aim ( ! fri5ds ( ,mr4 ,peale's project 7 to make ! /udy an elem5t>y "o--to make a c]ta9 am\nt ( pr(ici5cy 9 draw+ a te/ ( promotion f ! l[] s*ools to ! s*ools above x4 ,?is w\ld h plac$ ,graphics alongside ( ! copy-book & ! spell+-book4 ,aft] /ruggl+ = sev]al ye>s ) popul> prejudice1 ! fri5ds ( ! s*eme 7 oblig$ to ab&on x z hopeless4 ,! idea 0 too mu* 9 advance ( ! times4 ,c\ld ! plan h succe$$1 & c\ld ! entire y\?ful population ( t great city1 :i* is prem95tly a me*anical & manufactur+ c5tre1 h gr[n up ) a famili> practis$ skill 9 ! use ( ! p5cil1 9 ord9>y1 (f-h& draw+1 su* z our fri5d ,mi*ael _h1 !re c be no "q t x w\ld h add$ untold millions to ! g5]al weal?4 ,if e boy & girl 9 t great metropolitan city 7 n[ oblig$ to sp5d z mu* "t 9 le>n+ to draw z is sp5t 9 le>n+ to spell1 & at ! same age t !y le>n to spell1 ,i d sob]ly believe t ! addition to ! weal? ( ! city1 by ! increas$ me*anical skill t w\ld be develop$1 w\ld be wor? m ?an ! entire co/ ( h] public s*ools1 al?\gh !y d co/ well-nigh a million ( doll>s annually4 ,:at is true ( draw+1 is true ( e bran* & accompli%m5t necess>y to a complete education4 ,a man is educat$ :5 all 8 capacities bodily & m5tal are develop$1 & a community is educat$ :5 all its memb]s are4 ,n[ if we c\ld imag9e two communities1 ( exactly equal numb]s1 & 9 physical circum/ances exactly equal z to climate1 soil1 access to m>kets1 & s =?1 & if "o ( ^! communities %\ld tax itself to ! ext5t ( ev5 "o-f\r? ( its income 9 promot+ popul> education1 :ile ! o!r sp5t n a doll> 9 ?is way1 !re c be little d\bt z to :i* community w\ld make ! mo/ rapid advances 9 weal? & 9 e o!r desirable social good4 ,we happ5 to h on ?is subject "o mo/ /rik+ & significant record4 ,9 #afgj1 ! ,engli% ,commission]s = ,=eign ,plantations address$ to ! ,gov]nors ( ! sev]al colonies a s]ies ( que/ions conc]n+ ! condition ( ! settlem5ts "u _! *>ge4 ,"o ( ^! que/ions relat$ to ! means ( popul> education4 ,! answ]s ( two ( ! ,gov]nors are pres]v$4 ,"o ( !m1 ! ,gov]nor ( ,connecticut1 rul$ a t]ritory to :i* nature _h n be5 specially propiti\s4 ,its climate 0 bleak1 its coa/ rockb\nd1 its soil ble/ ) only ord9>y f]tility4 ,! o!r t]ritory1 ,virg9ia1 _h an extraord9>y am\nt ( natural advantages4 ,x _h f9e h>bors1 num]\s navigable /reams1 a climate m temp]ate by sev]al degrees ?an its rival1 ! soil 9 its l[l&s & valleys unsurpass$ 9 any ( ! ,plantations = its capacity to produce :eat1 corn1 & tobacco1 its m\nta9s fill$ ) untold treasures ( lime1 iron1 & coal1 7&1 x n[ seems1 ) petroleum also17 & )al t wond]ful v>iety ( natural res\rces1 :i* seems be/ suit$ to /imulate & rew>d ! productive indu/ry ( its inhabitants4 ,! ,gov]nor ( ! less favor$ colony repli$ to ! ,royal ,commission]s1 z foll[s3 ,"o-f\r? ( ! annual rev5ue ( ! ,colony is laid out 9 ma9ta9+ free s*ools = ! education ( our *ildr54 ,! policy ?us e>ly impress$ ^u ! colony has be5 ma9ta9$ ) /eadfa/ & almo/ prov]bial consi/5cy to ?is day1 t region be+ kn[n ! _w ov] z ! l& ( s*oolma/]s4 ,! ,gov]nor ( ! o!r colony repli$1 ,i ?ank ,god1 !re are no free s*ools1 nor pr9t+1 & ,i hope we %all n h1 ^! hundr$ ye>s4 ,to ?is policy %e also has until lately only too fai?fully adh]$4 ,n[ :at is ! result8 ,by ref]r+ to ! tables accompany+ ! ,c5sus ( #ahfj1 we f9d ! foll[+ significant facts4 #a4 ,! av]age ca% value ( l& 0 n q #ab an acre 9 "o commonweal? 7,virg9ia71 & a little ov] #cj an acre 9 ! o!r4 #b4 ,"o commonweal? su/a9$ only five inhabitants to e hundr$ acres ( h] soil1 ! o!r su/a9$ eighte5 inhabitants to e hundr$ acres4 #c4 ,! value ( all prop]ty1 real & p]sonal1 av]ag$ by ! population1 0 9 "o commonweal? #dif to e inhabitant1 9 ! o!r #ife to e inhabitant4 #d4 ,! value ( all prop]ty1 real & p]sonal1 av]ag$ by ! acre1 0 9 "o commonweal? less ?an #bf to ! acre1 9 ! o!r m ?an #agg to ! acre4 ,to :i* facts ,i may add1 :at is true1 ?\gh n 9 ! ,c5sus1 x 0 ! inv5tion ( ,eli ,:itney1 a travell+ s*oolma/] f ,connecticut1 t has trebl$ ! value ( l& 9 ne>ly e ,s\!rn ,/ate4 ,i h be5 endeavor+ to %[ t popul> education1 ?\gh x is exp5sive1 t5ds to national weal?4 ,! argum5t is t an educat$ population is capable ( produc+ great] mat]ial results ?an a population un$ucat$ c produce4 ,! example ( ,eli ,:itney1 j ref]r$ to1 sugge/s ! o!r l9e ( argum5t1 :i* ,i %all n[ notice briefly 9 conclusion4 ,?is second argum5t is1 t ! g5]al diffusion ( intellig5ce 9 a community t5ds to quick5 inv5tion1 & leads to ! discov]y ( ^? sci5tific pr9ciples & ( ^? +5i\s labor-sav+ ma*9es1 by :i* ! productive p[] ( ! community is s greatly multipli$4 ,! cotton-g91 ! /eam-eng9e1 ! sew+-ma*9e1 & ! reap+-ma*9e w\ld nev] h be5 inv5t$ 9 a nation ( boors4 ,x is n ass]t$ t e boy :o goes to s*ool w become an inv5tor4 ,b x is z c]ta9 z ! laws ( m9d & matt] c make x1 t inv5tions ab\nd 9 a nation 9 proportion to its progress 9 sci5ce & ! g5]al spread ( intellig5ce among ! masses4 ,multiply common s*ools & y multiply inv5tions4 ,h[ mu* ^! latt] increase man's produc+ p[]1 & s add to ! aggregate ( human weal?1 x is ne$less to say4 ,! inv5tion ( ,watt alone has quadrupl$ ! productive p[] ( ! :ole human race4 ,! aggregate /eam-p[] ( "o s+le c\ntry1 ,great ,brita91 equals ! muscul> capacity = labor ( f\r hundr$ millions ( m5--m ?an twice ! numb] ( adult males capable ( labor on our planet4 ,its aggregate p[] ?r\gh\t ! e>? is equal to ! male capacity = manual "w ( f\r or five worlds l ours4 ,! comm]ce1 ! navigation1 ! m>itime w>f>e1 ! agriculture1 ! me*anic arts ( ! human race1 h be5 revolutioniz$ by ?is s+le inv5tion n yet a c5tury old4 ,! application ( sci5tific tru?s to ! common indu/ries ( life is becom+ e day m & m a necessity4 ,! village c>p5t]1 no less ?an ! build] ( ! ,niag>a ,susp5sion ,bridge1 makes h\rly ref]5ce to sci5tific laws4 ,! c>p5t] :o misapplies 8 =mul = ! /r5g? ( mat]ials1 builds a h\se :i* falls d[n4 ,! prop]ties ( ! v>i\s me*anical p[]s are involv$ 9 e ma*9e4 ,e ma*9e1 inde$1 x has be5 well said1 is a solidifi$ me*anical !orem4 ,! surveyor 9 det]m9+ ! limits ( "o's f>m1 ! ar*itect 9 plann+ a h\se1 ! build] 9 plann+ 8 e/imates1 & ! sev]al ma/] workm5 :o d ! c>p5try1 masonry1 & f9i%+1 are all dep5d5t ^u geometric tru?s4 ,blea*+1 dye+1 calico-pr9t+1 gas-mak+1 soap-mak+1 sug>-ref9+1 ! r$uction ( metals f _! ores1 ) innum]able o!r productive indu/ries1 are dep5d5t ^u *emi/ry4 ,agriculture1 ! basis ( all ! o!r arts1 is 9 ! same condition4 ,*emical k1 inde$1 is do+ = ! productive p[]s ( ! soil :at ! application ( /eam has done = ! increase ( me*anical p[]4 ,! f>m] :o wi%es to d\ble 8 crops1 f9ds ! means ( do+ s1 n 9 multiply+ 8 acres1 b 9 apply+ a k ( ! laws ( *emi/ry to ! cultivation ( ! soil already possess$4 ,ev5 physiology is add+ to ! weal? ( ! f>m+ int]e/4 ,! tru? t ! production ( animal heat implies wa/e ( sub/ance1 & t !re=e prev5t+ ! loss ( heat prev5ts ! ne$ = extra food--:i* is a purely !oretical conclusion--n[ guides ! fatt5+ ( cattle4 ,by keep+ cattle w>m1 fodd] is sav$4 ,exp]im5ts ( physiologi/s h prov$1 n only t *ange ( diet is b5eficial1 b t dige/ion is facilitat$ by a mixture ( +r$i5ts 9 ea* meal4 ,bo? ^! tru?s are n[ influ5c+ cattle-fe$+4 ,9 ! ke5 race ( competition1 ! f>m] :o has a compet5t k ( ! laws ( animal & vegetable physiology & ( agricultural *emi/ry1 w surely di/ance ! "o :o gropes along by guess & by tradition4 ,a g5]al diffusion ( sci5tific k saves ! community f innum]able wa/eful & fooli% mi/akes4 ,9 ,engl&1 n _m ye>s ago1 ! p>tn]s 9 a l>ge m9+ company 7 ru9$ f n kn[+ t a c]ta9 fossil belong$ to ! old r$ s&/one1 bel[ :i* coal is nev] f\nd4 ,9 ano!r ent]prise1 #bj1jjj 7 lo/ 9 ! prosecution ( a s*eme = collect+ ! alcohol t di/ils f bread 9 bak+1 all ( :i* might h be5 sav$1 _h ! p>ties kn[n t less ?an "o hundr$? "p by weight ( ! fl\r is *ang$ 9 f]m5tation4 ,b x is n necess>y to multiply illu/rations4 ,suffice x to say1 9 conclusion1 ,i hold x to be a mo/ manife/ tru?1 t ! g5]al education ( a community increases l>gely its mat]ial weal?1 bo? by ! direct effect :i* k has ^u individuals 9 mak+ !m individually m productive1 & by ! increas$ control :i* ! diffusion ( k gives to mank9d ov] ! p[]s ( nature4 ,a nation or a /ate is wisely economical :i* sp5ds l>gely & ev5 lavi%ly ^u popul> education4 ,,xxx4 ,,:at ,,is ,,education8 ,my la/ *apt]1 l ! fir/1 beg9s ) a "q4 ,/range to say1 no satisfactory def9ition ( education has yet be5 giv51 nor has a def9ition ( x (t5 be5 ev5 attempt$4 ,! lit]ature ( ! subject is copi\s en\gh4 ,b writ]s h busi$ !mselves ma9ly ) details1 ) me?ods ( tea*+1 & s =?4 ,a few1 ( a m philosophical turn ( m9d1 h discuss$ ! pr9ciples ( ! subject1 & among ^! "s h und]tak5 to develop _! !ories f ! true />t+-po9t ( a def9ition4 ,b among all ^!1 f ,plato1 :o 0 ! e>lie/ sy/ematic writ] on ! subject1 to ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ! late/ & ! mo/ pret5ti\s1 n "o has giv5 a def9ition ( x :i* is n op5 to objection4 ,x may seem presumptu\s1 p]haps1 to und]take aga9 t 9 :i* s _m h fail$4 ,b !re c be no h>m 9 mak+ at lea/ an endeavor4 ,:at !n are "s ( ! elem5ts :i* ent] into our idea ( education8 ,to educate is1 9 ! fir/ place1 to develop4 ,x is to draw out & /r5g!n ! p[]s & give !m "r direction4 ,x is1 !re=e1 some?+ m ?an m]ely imp>t+ k4 ,k is to ! *ild's m9d :at food is to ! body4 ,ea* is a means to an end4 ,x is to cause gr[?4 ,z by ! prop] use ( food & ex]cise ! limbs & muscles exp&1 & acquire _! full & appo9t$ size1 symmetry1 & /r5g?1 s by acquir+ & us+ k ( v>i\s k9ds1 ! v>i\s faculties ( ! m9d atta9 _! full p[] & proportion4 ,= ?is reason ma9ly ! pure ma!matics & ! anci5t languages1 ,lat9 & ,greek1 h held _! place 9 almo/ e c\rse ( lib]al /udy1 n because ! k ( ^! bran*es is likely to be call$ = 9 ord9>y pr(essional bus9ess1 b because ! /udy ( ^! bran*es is suppos$ to be p>ticul>ly adapt$ to develop & invigorate c]ta9 important qualities ( ! m9d4 ,?is developm5t ( ! p[]s1 !n1 is ! fir/ elem5t involv$ 9 a j idea ( education4 ,b1 secondly1 nature pla9ly indicates a c]ta9 ord] to be obs]v$ 9 ! developm5t ( ! faculties4 ,fir/ ! blade1 !n ! e>1 aft] t ! full corn 9 ! e>4 ,s 9 ! human plant4 ,! "t = ! effloresc5ce ( "s ( ! faculties is 9 e>ly y\?4 ,o!r faculties make little gr[? till ne> ! age ( manhood4 ,a wise educator w c>efully obs]ve ^! facts1 & n wa/e 8 en]gies & m> 8 "w1 ei!r by attempt+ a premature developm5t ( ^? faculties :i* ,god seems to h meant to rip5 lat]1 or by neglect+ to draw out & tra9 9 *ildhood ^? faculties :i* !n mo/ naturally & aptly spr+ into vigor\s gr[?4 ,y\?1 = in/ance1 is ! season1 ( all o!rs1 :5 ! memory is to be cultivat$2 ! season ( all o!rs1 :5 ! in/9ctive pr9ciple ( fai? is to h free play4 ,s1 too1 ! moral & emotional faculties may receive ! fir/ g]ms ( _! developm5t at a v e>ly /age 9 ! hi/ory ( ! human be+4 ,! education ( ?is "p ( our nature beg9s1 inde$1 ) ! fir/ smile ( recognition t passes betwe5 ! infant & its "m4 ,o!r faculties & p[]s1 z ! reason & ! judgm5t1 = in/ance1 come to maturity ne>] ! age ( manhood1 & ! normal p]iod = _! cultivation is accord+ly ne> ! end1 r ?an ne> ! beg9n+1 ( an educational c\rse4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 my object "h to m>k out an ord] = ! developm5t ( ! faculties1 b only to note t !re is su* an ord]1 & t ! obs]vance ( ?is ord] is a mo/ important elem5t 9 our idea ( :at education is4 ,! next elem5t 9 ?is idea is t a c]ta9 proportion & symmetry be obs]v$ 9 ! developm5t ( ! p[]s4 ,p]haps x might n be /rictly accurate to say t any faculty may be cultivat$ too highly4 ,yet !re c]ta9ly is an excess :5ev] "o faculty or p[] is cultivat$ q out ( proportion to ! o!r faculties & p[]s4 ,a man 9 ,bo/on a few ye>s ago1 by direct+ 8 att5tion exclusively = a long "t to ! s+le act ( lift+1 educat$ 8 body to ! p[] ( lift+ enorm\s weights4 ,b ?is p[] 0 ga9$ at ! exp5se ( agility1 grace1 & _m o!r bodily qualities q z important z t ( lift+ weights4 ,s ! m5tal faculties may become "o-sid$ by injudici\s tra9+4 ,! memory may be inord9ately develop$ at ! exp5se ( ! reason+ p[]1 ! reason at ! exp5se ( ! imag9ation1 ! feel+s at ! exp5se ( ! judgm5t1 ! m9d at ! exp5se ( ! body1 ! body at ! exp5se ( ! m9d4 ,9 all "r education1 !re=e1 ! faculties are to be develop$1 n only 9 due ord]1 b 9 due proportion4 ,! next elem5t t ent]s into our idea is t ( a prop] compreh5siv5ess4 ,! educator mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! be+ committ$ to 8 c>e is "o ( a complex nature1 & t e "p ( ?is complex nature is to receive its due att5tion4 ,physical education is includ$ 9 8 duties z well z m5tal1 m5tal z well z moral & religi\s4 ,no "p is to be neglect$4 ,he %\ld aim to secure = 8 subject full bodily heal?1 agility1 /r5g?1 symmetry1 & p[] ( endurance4 ,! bodily s5ses are capable ( a degree ( cultivation t few seem to be aw>e (4 ,p]haps1 9 our ord9>y s*emes ( education1 no "p ( our complex nature is s inadequately provid$ =1 s almo/ ignor$1 z ! physical4 ,b1 z 9 reg>d to ! o!r po9ts t h be5 rais$1 s "h1 x is n my object s mu* to p>ticul>ize ! sev]al p>ts ( human nature t require att5tion1 z to recognize di/9ctly ! fact t we are ?us complex1 & t ! bus9ess ( ! educator is necess>ily a _m-sid$ "o1 requir+ mo/ v>i$ k & exp]i5ce4 ,b !re is "o important limitation to be obs]v$ "h1 o!rwise our def9ition w\ld be s]i\sly amiss4 ,9 _m works on education1 x is /at$1 )\t qualification1 t we ought to give to all our p[]s ! fulle/ developm5t ( :i* !y are capable4 ,if we 7 unfall5 angels1 ! rule might p]haps be a safe "o4 ,b = fall5 human be+s1 x c]ta9ly ne$s "s limitation4 ,we h faculties & p[]s1 n a few1 :i* we ne$ to repress r ?an to cultivate4 ,are we to give ! fulle/ developm5t ( :i* !y are capable1 to ang]1 envy1 jeal\sy1 cunn+1 av>ice1 & lu/8 ,to /ate ! "q is to answ] x4 ,x is n e faculty ( ! *ild1 !re=e1 t is to be develop$1 b only ^? p>ts ( 8 nature :i* are good & desirable1 ^? by :i* he c be/ dis*>ge 8 duties to ,god & atta9 8 highe/ excell5ce z a man4 ,let u n[ ga!r up ! sev]al ideas :i* h be5 sugge/$1 & see if we _c compress !m into "s brief =mula1 z a def9ition ( education1 :i*1 if n p]fect & exhau/ive ( ! subject1 %all be bo? m compreh5sive & m precise ?an ^? n[ afloat4 ,def9ition4--,education is develop+1 9 due ord] & proportion1 :atev] is good & desirable 9 human nature4 ,,model ,,text ,,books ,,= ,,s*ools1 ,,academies ,,& ,,colleges4 ,a ,,new ,,edition ,,( ,,! ,,classics4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ase ,,/u>t',s ,,classical ,,s]ies4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,?omas ,,*ase1 ,a4,m41 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,classical ,,lit]ature1 ,hav]=d ,college1 ,p5na4 ,,george ,,/u>t1 ,a4,m41 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,! ,,lat9 ,,language1 ,c5tral ,high ,s*ool1 ,philada4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ref]5ces ,,to ,,h>kness',s ,,lat9 ,,gramm>1 ,,& ,,&rews ,,/odd>d',s ,,lat9 ,,gramm>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! publication ( ?is edition ( ! ,classics 0 sugge/$ by ! con/antly increas+ dem& by tea*]s = an edition :i*1 by judici\s notes1 w\ld give to ! /ud5t ! assi/ance really necess>y to r5d] 8 /udy pr(itable1 furni%+ explanations ( passages difficult ( int]pretation1 ( peculi>ities ( syntax1 c41 & yet w\ld require him to make fai?ful use ( 8 gramm> & diction>y4 ,x is believ$ t ?is ,classical ,s]ies ne$s only to be kn[n to insure its v g5]al use4 ,! publi%]s claim = x peculi> m]it1 & beg leave to call att5tion to ! foll[+ important p>ticul>s3 ,! purity ( ! texts4 ,! cle>ness & concis5ess ( ! notes1 & _! adaptation to ! wants ( /ud5ts4 ,! beauty ( ! type & pap]4 ,! h&some /yle ( b9d+4 ,! conv5i5ce ( ! %ape & size4 ,! l[ price at :i* ! volumes are sold4 ,! prep>ation ( ! :ole ,s]ies is ! orig9al "w ( ,am]ican s*ol>s4 ,! texts are n m]e repr9ts1 b are bas$ ^u a c>eful & pa9/ak+ comp>ison ( all ! mo/ improv$ editions1 ) con/ant ref]5ce to ! au?ority ( ! be/ manuscripts4 ,no pa9s h be5 sp>$ to make ! notes accurate1 cle>1 & helpful to ! le>n]4 ,po9ts ( geography1 hi/ory1 my?ology1 & antiquities are expla9$ 9 accordance ) ! views ( ! be/ ,g]man s*ol>s4 ,! ref]5ces to ! gramm>s mo/ 9 use 9 ?is c\ntry1 viz43 ,,h>kness',s ,,lat9 ,,gramm> ,,& ,,&rews ,,/odd>d',s ,,lat9 ,,gramm>1 is 9 itself an advantage to be ga9$ only by ! use ( ?is edition4 ,desir\s ( af=d+ ,pr(essors & ,tea*]s ( ,lat9 ?r\gh\t ! entire c\ntry an opportunity ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) ^! books1 ! publi%]s w s5d copies = exam9ation1 gratis1 to e ,tea*] ( ,lat9 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on application1 accompani$ by a catalogue ( ! in/itution ) :i* he is connect$1 or ( :i* he is ! ,pr9cipal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,s]ies1 :5 complete1 w consi/ ( ,c,,s>',s ,,comm5t>ies1 ,,virgil',s ,,neid1 ,,cic]o',s ,,orations1 ,,horace1 ,,sallu/ ,,& ,,livy1 ,( :i* !re are n[ ready ! foll[+1 viz43 ,c,,s>',s ,,comm5t>ies on ! ,gallic ,w>4 ,) ,explanatory ,notes1 a ,vocabul>y1 ,geographical ,index1 ,map ( ,gaul1 ,plan ( ! ,bridge1 c41 c4 ,by ,pr(4 ,george ,/u>t4 ,price by mail1 po/paid1 #a4be4 ,p] doz51 by express1 #aa4be4 ,! text ( ,cs> has be5 c>efully comp>$ ) t ( ,kran]1 ,oehl]1 ,nepp]dey1 & o!r di/+ui%$ editors4 ,mu* c>e has be5 be/[$ ^u ?is portion ( ! "w1 & x is hop$ t :atev] improvem5ts h be5 introduc$ into ! text by ! le>n+ & rese>* ( ! ,g]man editors nam$1 w be f\nd 9 ! pres5t edition4 ,! ,notes h be5 prep>$ ) a v simple view1--to give ! /ud5t t am\nt & k9d ( assi/ance :i* are really necess>y to r5d] 8 /udy pr(itable2 to remove difficulties great] ?an 8 /r5g?2 & to af=d or direct him to ! s\rces ( su* in=mation z is requisite to a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! au?or4 ,,virgil',s ,,neid4 ,) ,explanatory ,notes1 ,metrical ,index1 ,rem>ks on ,classical ,v]sification1 ,index ( ,prop] ,names1 c4 ,by ,pr(4 ,?omas ,*ase4 ,price by mail1 po/paid1 #a4ej4 ,p] doz51 by express1 #ac4ej4 ,! text ( ! neid "h pres5t$ is bas$ ^u a c>eful collation ( ! editions ( ,heyne1 ,wagn]1 ,con+ton1 ,ladewig1 & ,ribbeck1 ) frequ5t ref]5ce to o!r /&>d au?orities1 & ) con/ant & especial reg>d to ! te/imony ( ! be/ manuscripts4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! ,notes1 ! endeavor has be5 made to meet ! actual wants ( /ud5ts 9 our s*ools4 ,frequ5t ref]5ces are made to ! gramm>s mo/ 9 use1 & explanations are furni%$ ( passages difficult ( int]pretation1 ( peculi>ities ( syntax1 & ( su* po9ts ( hi/ory1 geography1 my?ology1 & antiquities1 z require elucidation4 ,a metrical index has be5 add$1 9 :i* ! *ief difficulties ( scann+ are solv$4 ,"o ?+ is presum$ ?r\gh\t1--t ! /ud5t w make a fai?ful use ( 8 gramm> & diction>y1 ! only way 9 :i* true s*ol>s are made4 ,,cic]o ,,& ,,horace w be issu$ ab\t ,dec4 #ahfh4 ,,sallu/ ,,& ,,livy1 dur+ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! unprec$5t$ dem& = ! fir/ two volumes ( ?is ,s]ies dur+ ! pa/ few mon?s evid5ces _! adaptation to ! actual wants ( ! recitation room4 ,te/imonials h be5 receiv$ f a l>ge numb] ( ! mo/ fl\ri%+ classical in/itutions ( ! c\ntry1 9 :i* !y h already be5 adopt$ z text-books1 & ! ,pr9cipals ( hundr$s ( s*ools h express$ _! int5tion to comm5ce _! next t]m ) ^! /&>d works4 ,f e s\rce b a s+le op9ion has be5 express$1 viz43 t ! publi%]s h m ?an fulfill$ _! promise 9 pres5t+ a s]ies ( books :i* w be eag]ly s\ght aft] by e /ud5t ( ! classics4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,elocution4 ,f\nd$ ^u ! ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,voice1 ) ,classifi$ ,illu/rations1 ,sugge/$ by & ,arrang$ to meet ! ,practical ,difficulties ( ,in/ruction4 ,by ,m4 ,s4 ,mit*ell4 ,price by mail1 po/paid1 #a4ej4 ,p] doz51 by express1 #ac4ej4 ,! compil] _c conceal ! hope t ?is glimpse ( our g5]al lit]ature may tempt to individual rese>* among its treasures1 s v>i$ & inexhau/ible2--t ?is text-book = ! s*ool-room may become n only tea*]1 b fri5d1 to ^? 9 ^: h&s x is plac$1 & :ile aid+1 ?r\gh sy/ematic developm5t & tra9+ ( ! elocution>y p[]s ( ! pupil1 to ov]come _m ( ! practical difficulties ( in/ruction1 may accompli% a high] "w 9 ! cultivation & ref9em5t ( "*4 ,to af=d tea*]s an idea ( ! "* ( ! "w1 we app5d a li/ ( ! ,,subjects ,,treat$ ,,(4 ,articulation1 ,pronunciation1 ,acc5t1 ,emphasis1 ,modulation1 ,melody ( ,spee*1 ,pit*1 ,tone1 ,inflections1 ,s5se1 ,cad5ce1 ,=ce1 ,/ress1 ,grammatical & ,rhetorical ,pauses1 ,movem5t1 ,read+ ( ,poetry1 ,faults 9 ! ,read+ ( ,poetry1 ,action1 ,attitude1 ,analysis ( ! ,pr9ciples ( ,ge/ures1 & ,oratory4 ,among ! gems ( lit]ature collect$ 9 ?is volume may be nam$ ! foll[+1 :i* w give a g5]al idea ( ! "* ( ! selections = practice1 ( :i* ! volume is l>gely compos$4 ,a ,psalm ( ,life4 ,address at ,gettysburg4 ,b>b>a ,friet*ie4 ,bonny ,kelm5y4 ,bugle ,song4 ,*>ge ( ! ,light ,brigade4 ,dea? ( ,little ,nell4 ,dies ,ir4 ,elegy 9 a ,c\ntry ,*ur*y>d4 ,excelsior4 ,godiva4 ,invocation to ,light4 ,laus ,deo4 ,! ,am]ican ,flag4 ,oh6 :y %\ld ! ,_s ( ,mortal be ,pr\d8 ,! ,battle ( ,ivry4 ,! ,bells4 ,! ,bridge ( ,sighs4 ,! ,great ,bell ,rol&4 ,! ,mantle ( ,/4 ,john de ,ma?a4 ,! ,rav54 ,! ,soldi] f ,b+54 ,! ,song ( ! ,%irt4 ,union & ,lib]ty4 ,woman's ,education4 ,"w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,model ,,def9]1 ) ,s5t5ces %[+ ! ,prop] ,use ( ,words4 ,an ,elem5t>y ,"w1 conta9+ ,def9itions & ,etymology = ! ,little ,ones4 ,by ,a4 ,c4 ,webb4 ,price by mail1 po/paid1 #be c5ts4 ,p] doz51 by express1 #b4af4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,model ,,etymology4 ,giv+ n only ! ,def9itions1 ,etymology1 & ,analysis1 b t :i* c be obta9$ only f an intimate acqua9tance ) ! be/ ,au?ors1 viz43 ,! ,correct ,use ( ,words4 ,by ,a4 ,c4 ,webb4 ,price by mail1 po/paid1 #fj c5ts4 ,p] doz51 by express1 #e4dj4 ,! importance ( words _c be ov]-e/imat$4 ,k c be imp>t$ & receiv$ only by ! m$ium ( words1 correctly us$ & prop]ly und]/ood4 ,! basis ( a good education mu/ be laid ) words1 well *os51 prop]ly arrang$1 & firmly implant$ 9 ! m9d4 ,f ! ri*ness ( ! ,engli% ,language1 :i* gives _m words to ! same mean+1 & _m & div]se mean+s to ! same ^w1 ! prop] use ( a ^w _c be d$uc$ f its mean+4 ,h[1 !n1 is ! k ( ! use ( words to be imp>t$ to *ildr58 ,ei!r by ! tea*]1 or by conv]sation & read+4 ,by ! latt] me?od ! k acquir$ is limit$ 9 ext5t2 & z x is entirely dep5d5t on ! p[] ( obs]vation1 ! impressions receiv$ are fa9t & ill-def9$1 & ! conclusions arriv$ at1 frequ5tly incorrect4 ,! practice ( ,ari?metic might possibly be left to su* tea*+1 inasmu* z ,ari?metic is an exact sci5ce bas$ on fix$ pr9ciples1 f :i* correct reason+ mu/ d$uce correct results4 ,b no reason+ c %[ to ! *ild :o has le>n$ ,d$uce1 to draw1 t he mu/ n say1 ,i tri$ to d$uce ! horse f ! /able2 or1 ,decidu\s1 fall+4 ,! boy1 decidu\s f ! w9d[1 0 kill$4 ,! importance & difficulty ( ! "w dem&s t x %all n be left to ! unc]ta9ties ( home tea*+4 ,! labor involv$ =bids t ?is ess5tial "p ( education %all be impos$ on ! p>5t4 ,l ,ari?metic1 or any o!r dep>tm5t ( k1 x %\ld be p]=m$ by ! tea*]1 9 ! "t specially set ap>t = m5tal tra9+4 ,! plan adopt$ 9 ! ,,model ,,^w-,,book ,,s]ies is n new4 ,all good ,diction>ies illu/rate ! mean+ by a ,model4 ,to quote f a good au?or1 a s5t5ce conta9+ ! ^w1 z pro( ( its correct use1 is ! only au?ority all[$4 ,a simple trial ( ! "w ei!r by requir+ ! *ild to =m s5t5ces simil> to ^? giv51 or by memoriz+ ! s5t5ces z models = future use1 w conv9ce any "o ( ! foll[+ advantages to be d]iv$ f ! ,model ,^w-,book ,s]ies3 #a4 ,sav+ ( ,"t4 #b4 ,increas$ ,k ( ,words4 #c4 ,ease to ,tea*] & ,s*ol>4 #d4 ,a ,k ( ! ,correct ,use ( ,words4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,"y ,,/ud5t',s ,,companion2 or1 ,elem5t>y ,lessons & ,ex]cises 9 ,translat+ f ,engli% into ,fr5*4 ,by ,m4 ,a4 ,long/re?1 ,pr9cipal ( a ,sem9>y = ,"y ,ladies1 ,philadelphia4 ,price by mail1 po/paid1 #a4jj4 ,p] doz51 by express1 #i4jj4 ,! object ( ?is little "w is to pres5t to ! "y /ud5t a cond5s$ view ( ! elem5ts ( ! ,fr5* language1 9 a cle> & simple mann]1 &1 at ! same "t1 to less5 ! fatigue incurr$ by ! tea*] 9 giv+ repeat$ v]bal explanations ( ! mo/ important rules ( etymology4 ,no attempt has be5 made to tea* ! syntax ( ! language1 ) ! exception ( a few fundam5tal rules2 nei!r h _m idioms be5 introduc$2 ! aim ( ! compil] be+ to avoid :atev] might p]plex or confuse4 ,?is little "w1 x w be rememb]$1 is n int5d$ to take ! place ( a ,gramm>1 b to prep>e ! pupil1 by c>eful drill+1 = l>g] & m compreh5sive treatises2 & x is believ$ t any *ild1 :o c di/+ui% ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee* 9 ,engli%1 w be able to und]/& & le>n ! lessons )\t difficulty2 & t1 if !y are ?or\ghly le>n$1 ! succe$+ c\rse ( ,fr5* /udy w be mu* facilitat$4 ,9 its prep>ation1 ! be/ au?orities h be5 c>efully consult$ & foll[$1 & assi/ance has be5 k9dly furni%$ by sev]al ,pr(essors ( ! ,fr5* language1 ^: exp]i5ce 9 tea*+ enables !m to judge ( ! wants ( ! "y /ud5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,m>t9dale',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,f ! ,discov]y ( ,am]ica to ! close ( ! late ,rebellion4 ,by ,joseph ,c4 ,m>t9dale1 ,m4 ,d41 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,madison ,gramm> ,s*ool1 ,philadelphia4 ,price by mail1 po/paid1 #fj c5ts4 ,p] doz51 by express1 #e4dj4 ,! want ( a ,hi/ory suitable = ! ,s*oolroom has long be5 felt by educators4 ,9 mo/ in/ances1 ! ,hi/ories pres5t$ h be5 too mu* encumb]$ ) details ( b little s]vice to ! pupils4 ,?is has be5 "o ( ! causes :i* has prev5t$ ,hi/ory f be+ "o ( ! usual bran*es ( /udy 9 our ,common ,s*ools outside ( cities & t[ns2 none c s well appreciate ! difficulties :i* h surr\nd$ ?is subject z ! tea*]4 ,ano!r cause :i* has preclud$ ! /udy ( ,hi/ory has be5 ! high price ( all ! text-books on ?is subject4 ,! v l[ price ( ! pres5t treatise w obviate ?is difficulty4 ,! au?or ( ?is comp5d1 a man ( l>ge exp]i5ce 9 ! s*oolroom1 des]ves ! ?anks ( tea*]s & s*ol>s1 = ! concise & succ9ct =m :i* he has treat$ ?is mu* neglect$ subject2 ignor+ all t does n prop]ly app]ta9 to ! important ev5ts ( our ,nation's exi/5ce1 he has giv5 u all t %\ld be memoriz$1 & 9 s agreeable a =m z to be ?or\ghly ma/]$ ) b little ef=t4 ,) ?is book 9 8 h&1 ! s*ol> c 9 a s+le s*ool-t]m obta9 z complete a k ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z has h]et(ore requir$ d\ble ! "t & ef=t4 ,tea*]s :o are anxi\s to h _! pupils pr(ici5t 9 ?is subject1 or :o are !mselves desir\s ( review+ ! ma9 po9ts ( ,hi/ory 9 ord] to pass a cr$itable exam9ation1 w f9d ?is ! book = _! purposes1 & x w comm5d itself to ! live tea*] z a book long ne$$4 ,! want ( su* a "w sugge/$ its prep>ation1 & we are satisfi$ t 9 e s*oolroom its adv5t w be welcom$ by bo? tea*] & pupil4 ,! unprec$5t$ success :i* has att5d$ ?is "w s9ce its publication is ! be/ recomm5dation ( its m]its1 m ?an ,tw5ty ,?\s& ,copies hav+ be5 sold dur+ ! pa/ ye>4 ,x is indors$ by prom95t educators1 is us$ 9 ov] fifty ,normal ,s*ools1 & 9 hundr$s ( cities1 t[ns1 & t[n%ips ?r\gh\t ! entire c\ntry4 ,tea*]s1 ,directors1 & all o!rs int]e/$ 9 ,elem5t>y ,education are invit$ to exam9e ! book4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p>k]',s ,,gramm> ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,language4 ,bas$ ^u an ,analysis ( ! ,engli% ,s5t5ce4 ,) copi\s ,examples & ,ex]cises 9 ,p>s+ & ! ,correction ( ,false ,syntax1 & an ,app5dix1 conta9+ ,critical & ,explanatory ,notes1 & ,li/s ( ,peculi> & ,exceptional ,=ms4 ,= ! use ( ,s*ools & ,academies1 & ^? :o write4 ,by ,wm4 ,h5ry ,p>k]1 ,pr9cipal ( ,r+gold ,gramm> ,s*ool1 ,philadelphia4 ,price by mail1 po/paid1 #a4be4 ,prep>$ by a ,,gramm> ,,s*ool ,,pr9cipal1 & arrang$ 9 ! mann] t _m ye>s ( rese>* & actual exp]i5ce 9 ! s*oolroom h demon/rat$ to be ! be/ = tea*+1 ?is book comm5ds itself to tea*]s z a simple1 progressive1 & consi/5t treatise on ,gramm>1 ! ne$ ( :i* has s long be5 recogniz$4 ,we ask = x a c>eful & critical exam9ation4 ,! ?or\gh acqua9tance ( ! au?or ) 8 subject1 & 8 practical k ( ! difficulties :i* beset ! tea*] 9 ! use ( ! text-book1 & ! necessity = ! tea*]'s supply+ defici5cies & omissions & am5d+ ! text to suit con/ructions f\nd daily 9 p>s+1 & 9 o!r practical ex]cises 9 ,gramm>1 h enabl$ him to prep>e a "w :i* w1 on trial1 be f\nd a labor-sav+ aid to bo? tea*] & pupil4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,tea*]s4 ,! ,publi%]s desire to call ! att5tion ( ,tea*]s to _! ,li/ ( ,,s*ool ,,roll-,,books1 ,,regi/]s1 ,,grade ,,books1 c4 ,^! h be5 prep>$ by an exp]i5c$1 practical ,tea*]1 ) ! view ( meet+ a v press+ want ( ! s*oolroom4 ,x is hop$ t 9 _! prep>ation mo/ ( ! defects usually f\nd 9 s*ool records h be5 avoid$4 ,,! ,,model ,,roll-,,book1 ,,no4 #a4 ,= ! ,use ( ,s*ools4 ,conta9+ a ,record ( ,att5dance1 ,punctuality1 ,deportm5t1 ,or?ography1 ,read+1 ,p5man%ip1 ,intellectual ,ari?metic1 ,practical ,ari?metic1 ,geography1 ,gramm>4 ,p>s+1 & ,hi/ory1 & sev]al blanks = special /udies n enum]at$4 ,price1 #c4ej1 by express4 ,,! ,,model ,,roll-,,book1 ,,no4 #b4 ,= ! ,use ( ,high ,s*ools1 ,academies1 & ,sem9>ies4 ,conta9+ a ,record ( all ! ,/udies m5tion$ 9 ,roll-,book1 ,no4 #a1 toge!r ) ,elocution1 ,algebra1 ,geometry1 ,composition1 ,fr5*1 ,lat91 ,philosophy1 ,physiology1 & sev]al blanks = special /udies n enum]at$4 ,price1 #c4ej1 by express4 ,^! ,roll-,books are 9 use 9 ! lead+ ,s*ools ( ,bo/on1 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,c9c9nati1 ,*icago1 & ,/4 ,l\is1 & v ext5sively 9 ,select & ,high ,s*ools ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,!y w1 on exam9ation1 be f\nd to be ! mo/ complete & practical yet publi%$4 ,all tea*]s :o use !m speak ( !m ) unqualifi$ approval2 once us$1 !y w nev] be rel9qui%$4 ,,! ,,model ,,pocket ,,regi/] ,,& ,,grade-,,book4 ,a ,roll-,book1 ,regi/] & ,record comb9$4 ,adapt$ to any grade ( ,s*ool1 f ,prim>y to ,college4 ,h&somely & durably b\nd 9 f9e ,clo?4 ,price by mail1 po/paid1 #fj c5ts4 ,p] doz51 by express1 #f4jj4 ,pr(4 ,e4 ,a4 ,%eldon1 ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool1 & au?or ( ,lessons on ,objects1 & ,elem5t>y ,in/ruction1 says ( ?is book3 ,y\r ,model ,pocket ,regi/] is j ! ?+ e tea*] ne$s4 ,i %all nev] aga9 be )\t "o4 ,,! ,,model ,,s*ool-,,di>y4 ,design$ z an aid 9 secur+ ! co-op]ation ( p>5ts4 ,x consi/s ( a ,record ( ! ,att5dance1 ,deportm5t1 ,recitations1 c41 ( a ,s*ol>1 = e day 9 ! week4 ,at ! close ( ! week x is to be s5t to ! p>5t or gu>dian1 = 8 exam9ation & signature4 ,tea*]s w f9d 9 ?is ,di>y an article t has long be5 ne$$4 ,its l[ co/ w insure its g5]al use4 ,copies w be mail$ to tea*]s = exam9ation1 po/paid1 on receipt ( t5 c5ts4 ,price p] doz51 by mail1 po/paid1 #a4jj4 ,p] doz51 by express1 #hd c5ts4 ,,rew>ds ,,( ,,m]it4 ,z !re are _m tea*]s :o make use ( ^! inc5tives to /udy1 we h endeavor$ to meet ! dem&1 ) :at success ! tea*] c judge aft] see+ our specim5s4 ,!y are pr9t$ on ! be/ quality ( ,bri/ol c>d1 color$ 9 gold1 silv]1 crimson1 ultra-m>9e1 & em]ald1 & are execut$ 9 ! highe/ /yle ( ! li?ographic art4 ,!y are *a/e1 ornate1 & beautiful1 & ne$ b be se5 to be appreciat$4 ,! tea*] w1 ( c\rse1 n connect ^! gems ( art ) ! common color$ c>ds 9 vogue4 ,price p] set by mail1 po/paid1 #ce c5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,please address ! ,publi%]s1 ,,eldr$ge ,,bro!r1 #ag #ai ,s\? ,six? ,/reet1 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4