,illu/ration3 ,cov] ,,knots1 ,,b5ds1 ,,splices1 ,,) ,,tables ,,( ,,/r5g?s ,,( ,,ropes1 ,,etc41 ,,& ,,wire ,,rigg+4 ,,by ,,capta9 ,,jutsum1 ,,c>diff4 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,,copyright4 ,,glasg[3 ,! ,nautical ,press1 ,,james ,,br[n ,,son1 ,,nautical ,,& ,,eng9e]+ ,,publi%]s4 #aiad ,,introduction4 ,! object ( ?is little "w is to pres5t 9 a compact =m & sy/ematic ord] a complete li/ ( all ! mo/ useful & important work+s connect$ ) ,cordage1 & a lucid explanation ( _! v>i\s =mations4 ,! explanations ( "s ( ! elem5t>y knots h be5 gone into ) :at a practical seaman ( ev5 %ort exp]i5ce may consid] almo/ unnecess>y m9ut5ess1 b ! aim ?r\gh\t has be5 to r5d] ! "w ( value to ^? :o approa* ! subject = ! fir/ "t4 ,to atta9 ?is end1 diagrams are introduc$ at e /age1 & if foll[$ closely /ep by /ep1 9 conjunction ) ! text ref]r+ to !m1 ! le>n] %\ld h no difficulty 9 foll[+ _! con/ruction4 ,at ! same "t he mu/ rememb] t pr(ici5cy 9 :at is really skill$ workman%ip1 am\nt+ almo/ to an art1 c only be ga9$ by mu* practice & p]sev]ance1 & %\ld gladly avail himself ( any advice or help he may be able to obta9 f 8 m exp]i5c$ %ip-mates4 ,j4 ,,ne!rclift ,,jutsum4 v ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,! ,con/ruction ( ,ropes 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a ,common ,:ipp+1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #c ,knots1 etc41 =m$ by a ,s+le ,rope's-end-- ,ov]h& ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #e ,figure ( #h 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #e ,simple ,cl9* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #e ,runn+ or ,inside ,cl9* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #f ,outside ,cl9* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #g ,buntl9e ,hit* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #g ,b[l9e 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #h ,runn+ ,b[l9e 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #i ,half ,hit* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aj ,r\nd ,turn & ,two ,half ,hit*es 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aa ,clove ,hit* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ab ,roll+ ,hit* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ac ,timb] ,hit* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ad ,fi%]man's ,b5d 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ae ,topsail ,halli>d ,b5d 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #af ,/un'sail ,b5d 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ag ,blackwall ,hit* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ag ,mid%ipman's ,hit* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ah ,d\ble ,blackwall ,hit* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ai ,knots1 etc41 made on ! ,bight ( a ,rope-- ,a ,b[l9e on ! ,bight 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bj ,m>l9espike ,hit* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ba ,%eep%ank 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bb ,catspaw 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bb ,knots1 ,b5ds1 etc41 = ,unit+ ,ropes-- ,reef ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bd ,common or ,%eet ,b5d 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bd ,s+le ,c>rick ,b5d 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bf ,d\ble ,c>rick ,b5d 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bg ,diamond ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bg ,knots =m$ on ,ropes by _! own ,/r&s-- ,wall ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cj-cc ,d\ble ,wall ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cc ,cr[n ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cc ,manrope ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cd ,/opp] ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cd ,s+le ,mat!w ,walk] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ce ,d\ble ,mat!w ,walk] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cf ,ano!r =m ( ,diamond ,knot 7,s+le7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ch ,d\ble ,diamond ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ci ,%r\d ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dj ,spritsail ,%eet ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #da ,splices-- ,eye ,splice 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dc ,%ort ,splice 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dd ,cut ,splice 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #de ,long ,splice 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #de ,grommet 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #df ,wire ,splic+-- ,eye ,splice 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dg ,long ,splice 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dh ,pur*ases-- ,s+le ,:ip 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #di ,d\ble ,:ip 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #di ,runn] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ej ,gun ,tackle 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ej ,h&y ,billy or ,jigg] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ea ,wat* or ,luff ,tackle 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ea ,d\ble ,luff 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #eb ,?ree-fold ,pur*ase 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #eb ,f\r-fold ,pur*ase 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ec ,s+le ,spani% ,burton 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ec ,d\ble ,spani% ,burton 7two =ms7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ed ,spani% ,w9dlass 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ee ,miscellane\s ,odds & ,ends-- ,palm & ,ne$le ,:ipp+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ef ,we/ ,c\ntry ,:ipp+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ef ,am]ican ,:ipp+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #eg ,to ,po9t a ,rope ,end 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #eg ,turk's ,head 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #eh-fj ,m\s+ a ,hook 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fj ,secur+ ,lead ,l9e to ,lead 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fa ,fitt+ a ,flag 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fa ,cr+les 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fa-fd ,l5g!n+ ! ,rope ( a ,sail 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fd ,jury ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fe-ff ,sl+ = a ,b>rel 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fg-fh ,*a9 ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fh-fi ,d\ble ,*a9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #fi-gj ,twi/ or ,pla9 ,knot 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ga ,wire ,rope ,splic+1 etc4-- ,h[ to ,h&le ,wire ,rope 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gb ,set ( ,wire ,rope ,splic+ ,tools 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gd ,directions = ,splic+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gf-gh ,splic+ ,?imbles 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gh-hb ,tables %[+ ! ,respective ,weights & ,/r5g?s ( ,v>i\s ,cordage 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #hc-hf #a ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,ropes4 ,rope1 ! t]m be+ us$ 9 its wide/ con/ruction1 is made f almo/ e pliable mat]ial1 b is g5]ally compos$ ( hemp1 manila1 coir1 cotton1 /eel1 iron1 or copp] wire4 ,= ! pres5t we w conf9e ourselves to ^? hav+ _! orig9 9 ! vegetable k+dom1 & m especially to ^? made f hemp & manila4 ,^! are divid$ into ?ree classes3-- 7#a74 ,a ,haws]-laid ,rope1 :i* is compos$ ( ?ree /r&s laid up g5]ally "r-h&$ 7t is1 ! direction tak5 by ! /r&s 9 =m+ ! rope runs always f left to "r7 7,fig4 #a47 7#b74 ,a ,%r\d-laid ,rope1 also laid up "r-h&$1 b consi/+ ( f\r /r&s 7,fig4 #b7 ) a he>t 9 ! c5tre4 7#c74 ,a ,cable-laid ,rope1 :i* is compos$ ( ?ree "r-h&$ haws]-laid ropes laid up toge!r left-h&$1 s t x may be said to consi/ ( n9e /r&s 7,fig4 #c71 or x may be =m$ by ?ree left-h&$ ropes laid up "r-h&$ 7,fig4 #d74 #b ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,fig4 #b4 ,fig4 #c4 ,9 ,fig4 #d we %[ a m complete analysis ( its con/ruction 79 ?is case a "r-h&$ cable-laid rope74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 #c ,fir/ we see ! cable e =m$ by ! ?ree ropes d1 f1 & g2 :il/ ! rope g is dissect$ to %[ ! /r&s =m+ x1 c1 h1 j2 & 9 ! /r& h we see b1 ! y>n compos+ ! /r&1 & a a y>n teas$ out to %[ ! orig9al fibre4 ,! end ( a rope mu/ always be secur$ 9 "s way1 or x is evid5t f its con/ruction t x w on ! slighte/ usage become fray$ out4 ,! commone/ me?od is by plac+ on an ord9>y :ipp+1 :i* is done z foll[s3--,fir/ lay ! end ( a l5g? ( tw9e along ! end ( ! rope1 & !n comm5c+ at ! "p fur!/ f ! rope's end take a half doz5 or m turns ar\nd bo? ! rope & tw9e end 7,fig4 #e74 ,!n lay ! tw9e 9 ! =m ( a loop along ! rope & ov] ! turns already tak51 z 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,to f9i% (f take t portion ( ! loop designat$ a1 & cont9ue tak+ turns tightly r\nd ! rope & "p b ( ! tw9e until ! loop is ne>ly all us$ up2 pull ?r\gh ! rema9d] snugly by "p c1 & cut (f %ort :51 no end ( tw9e w be visible z 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,fig4 #f4 ,fig4 #g4 #d ,consid]+ t we n[ h at our disposal a small siz$ rope ) ! end :ipp$1 we w at once proce$ to ! =mation ( ! mo/ elem5t>y knots & hit*es1 namely1 ^? =m$ by a s+le rope's end4 ,fig4 #h %[s a common loop1 by :i* mo/ ( ! foll[+ knots1 etc41 are comm5c$4 ,note exactly h[ ! loop lies1 & let u lett] its p>ts cle>ly = future ref]5ce4 ,! "p ( rope ext5d+ f #a to #b is kn[n z ! /&+ "p :i* we w call a1 ! portion includ$ betwe5 #b & #c foll[+ r\nd ! loop by y & z is t]m$ ! bight :i* we w call b1 & f #c to #d is kn[n z ! end e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,!n />t+ 9 ea* case f ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #h we make ! foll[+ knots1 etc3-- #e 7#a74 ,an ,ov]h& ,knot4--,place e up ?r\gh bight b1 & draw taut 7,fig4 #i74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 7#b74 ,a ,figure ( ,eight ,knot4--,back e r\nd beh9d a1 br+ ov] "p z & dip d[n ?r\gh bight b & haul taut 7,fig4 #aj74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 7#c74 ,a ,simple ,cl9* is =m$ by clos+ up ! initial loop to =m a small r+ & secur+ by a seiz+--a small la%+ at d 7,fig4 #aa74 #f ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa ,"o ( ! prec$+ knots is g5]ally put 9 ! end ( runn+ ge> to prev5t x f com+ unrove f ! fair-leads or blocks4 7#d74 ,a ,runn+ or ,inside ,cl9* is ! =ego+1 =m$ by ! end ( a rope on its own /&+ "p1 & is (t5 us$ = secur+ buntl9es to ! foot ( a sail 7,fig4 #ab74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 #g 7#e47 ,an ,outside ,cl9*1 z may be inf]r$ f its "n1 is =m$ 9 a simil> mann]1 b ! end c is br\ght r\nd on top1 t is1 away f ! bight 7,fig4 #ac74 ,x is us$ 9 cases :]e x is ess5tial t ! end %\ld n be 9 a position to jam1 b always ready = slipp+ at a mom5t's notice1 z 9 secur+ cable ends1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 7#f74 ,a ,buntl9e ,hit* 7an alt]native me?od ( secur+ buntl9es to a sail7 is comm5c$ z 9 mak+ an outside cl9*1 b in/ead ( putt+ on a seiz+1 take a long] end c1 pass x ov] y1 br+ up ?r\gh bight b1 & tuck ! end aga9 ov] "p y & ?r\gh ! la/ loop =m$1 s t ! end c lies close to ! comm5cem5t ( "p z 7,fig4 #ad74 #h ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 7#g74 ,a ,b[l9e4--,rev]t+ to our orig9al loop 7,fig4 #h71 fir/ tak+ "p z 9 ! "r h& ) y 9 ! left1 ?r[ a loop ov] c1 ! end1 z 9 ,fig4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 #i ,secondly1 lead c r\nd beh9d "p a & pass x d[n ?r\gh ! la/ made loop1 z indicat$ by ! dott$ l9e1 & haul taut z 9 ,fig4 #af4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 7#h74 ,a ,runn+ ,b[l9e4--,=m a loop ) a long end c ly+ und]nea? ! /&+ "p a 7,fig4 #ag74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 #aj ,n[ br+ end c ov] "p y & ) x =m ! b[l9e knot on "p z j z 9 ! previ\s case we =m$ x on its own "p1 :5 x w appe> z 9 ,fig4 #ah4 ,x is us$ :5ev] a runn+ noose is requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 7#i74 ,! =mation ( a half hit* 7,fig4 #ai71 & two half hit*es 7,fig4 #bj7 is suffici5tly indicat$ by ^? diagrams4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 #aa ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,! commone/ me?od ( mak+ a rope's end fa/ to a boll>d1 etc41 is by tak+ a r\nd turn & two half hit*es1 & /opp+ ! end back = fur!r security 7,fig4 #ba74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 #ab 7#aj74 ,a ,clove ,hit* is really a jamm+ =m ( two half hit*es1 & is pr9cipally us$ :5 a small rope has to be secur$ to a l>g] "o & ! end /ill kept free to pass along = fur!r purposes1 z 9 secur+ ratl9es to ! %r\ds4 ,its =mation is %[n 9 ?ree successive /ages 7,figs4 #bb1 #bc1 #bd74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,fig4 #bc4 ,fig4 #bd4 #ac 7#aa74 ,a ,roll+ ,hit* is comm5c$ & f9i%$ l a clove hit*1 b z w be se5 f ! ?ree diagrams 7,figs4 #be1 #bf1 #bg7 illu/rat+ its con/ruction1 !re is an int]m$iate r\nd turn betwe5 ! fir/ & la/ hit*es4 ,x is pr9cipally us$ = secur+ ! tail ( a h&y billy or snat* block to a l>g] rope1 or :5 hang+ (f a rope ) a /opp]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,fig4 #bf4 ,fig4 #bg4 #ad ,note t ! r\nd turn 9 7,fig4 #bf7 is tak5 r\nd bo? ! /&+ "p a & ! l>g] rope4 ,! great value ( ?is hit* is its non-liability to slip 9 ! direction ,b 7,fig4 #bg74 ,if1 h[ev]1 ow+ to an extremely sev]e /ra9 or o!r causes ! hit* is incl9$ to slip1 ! end e %\ld be back$ r\nd "p d ( ! fir/ rope1 t is1 twi/$ ar\nd x 9 long lays 9 ! opposite direction to t 9 :i* ! hit* 0 =m$1 & ! end secur$ by a /op 7,fig4 #bh74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4 7#ab74 ,a ,timb] ,hit* is a useful way ( secur+ a rope quickly to a plank1 b :5 !re is to be a long & cont9u\s /ra91 or :5 x is requir$ to keep ! end ( a piece ( timb] po9t$ /eadily 9 "o direction1 x %\ld be supplem5t$ ) a half hit* 7,figs4 #bi1 #cj74 #ae ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4 ,fig4 #cj4 ,! timb] hit* itself consi/s simply ( a half hit* tak5 ) a r long end1 :i* is us$ up by twi/+ x back ar\nd its own "p ( ! hit*4 ,9 ,fig4 #bi ! hit* is purposely left v loose s t its =mation may be ! m easily se54 7#ac7 ,a ,fi%]man's ,b5d is =m$ by tak+ two r\nd turns ar\nd ! object to :i* ! rope is to be secur$1 & !n back+ ! end r\nd 9 ! =m ( a half hit* "u bo? ! /&+ "p & second r\nd turn4 ,! end may be fur!r secur$ by tak+ a half hit* #af ar\nd its own "p or by /opp+ x to x 7,figs4 #ca1 #cb71 ! dott$ l9e %[+ ! next direction ! end c mu/ take4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4 ,fig4 #cb4 ,x is us$ :5 secur+ a haul+ l9e to ! r+ ( ! k$ge1 or = b5d+ a rope to a bucket1 etc41 & is (t5 call$ a bucket hit*4 7#ad74 ,a ,topsail ,haly>d ,b5d4--,?is b5d is nev] se5 9 deep wat] %ips1 b is sometimes us$ on bo>d ya*ts4 ,x is comm5c$ 9 a simil> mann] to a fi%]man's b5d1 b ?ree r\nd turns are fir/ tak5 ar\nd ! sp>1 ! end be+ back$ ar\nd ! /&+ "p a & !n l$ "u all ?ree turns z 9 ,fig4 #cc1 & !n aga9 back$ ov] ! la/ two r\nd turns & "u ! fir/1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd4 #ag ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4 ,fig4 #cd4 7#ad74 ,a ,/un'sail ,haly>d ,b5d is simply a ,fi%]man's b5d ) ! end back$ aga9 ov] ! la/ r\nd turn & "u ! fir/ 7,fig4 #ce74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4 7#ae74 ,a ,blackwall ,hit* is a quick way ( tempor>ily secur+ a rope to a hook4 ,z w be se5 f ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #cf7 x consi/s ( a half hit*1 ! /&+ "p a z soon z x receives ! /ra9 jamm+ #ah ! end "p c4 ,x holds mu* m firmly ?an w\ld be imag9$ at fir/ sight4 ,by tak+ ano!r r\nd turn at b be=e pass+ ! end c "u a1 x w hold m securely4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4 7#ag74 ,a ,mid%ipman's ,hit* is sometimes us$ in/ead ( a ,blackwall hit*1 & w hold bett] if ! rope is at all greasy4 ,x is made by fir/ =m+ a ,blackwall hit* & !n tak+ ! und]nea? "p & plac+ x ov] ! bill ( ! hook 7,fig4 #cg74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4 #ai 7#ah74 ,a ,d\ble ,blackwall ,hit* is made by tak+ ! bight ( ! rope & plac+ x across ! neck ( ! /rop ( ! block1 cross+ x beh9d1 !n plac+ ! "u "p ov] ! hook & cross+ ! upp] "p on top ( x 7,fig4 #ch74 ,x holds bett] ?an ei!r ( ! two prec$+ hit*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4 #bj ,,knots1 ,etc41 ,,made ,,on ,,! ,,bight ,,( ,a ,,rope1 ,,t ,,is1 ,,)\t ,,utilis+ ,,! ,,ends4 7#a74 ,a ,b[l9e on ! ,bight--,us+ bo? p>ts ( ! rope toge!r1 comm5ce z 9 mak+ an ord9>y b[l9e 7,fig4 #ci74 ,to f9i% (f1 op5 out bight c1 & tak+ x 9 ! direction indicat$ by ! dott$ l9e1 pass ! :ole knot ?r\gh x & haul taut1 :5 x w appe> z 9 ,fig4 #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4 ,fig4 #dj4 #ba 7#b74 ,a ,m>l9e-,spike ,hit* is us$ = gett+ a pur*ase ) a m>l9e-spike1 cap/an b>1 etc41 :5 putt+ on a seiz+ or la%+4 ,by ,fig4 #da x w be se5 to consi/ ( ! /&+ "p pick$ ?r\gh a loop laid ov] x1 s t ! spike lies "u ! /&+ "p & ov] ! sides ( ! loop4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4 7#c74 ,a ,%eep ,%ank is us$ = %ort5+ a rope4 ,ga!r up ! am\nt desir$ 9 ! =m ( ,fig4 #db4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4 ,!n ) p>ts a & b =m a half hit* r\nd ! two p>ts ( ! bight z 9 ,fig4 #dc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4 #bb ,to r5d] x /ill m dep5dable1 ! bight a & b may be seiz$ or toggl$ to ! /&+ p>ts z 9 ,figs4 #dd & #de4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4 ,fig4 #de4 7#d74 ,a ,catspaw is =m$ 9 a rope to make a tempor>y loop = hook+ on ! block ( a tackle4 ,fir/ ?r[ back a bight z 9 ,fig4 #df4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4 #bc ,!n tak+ hold ( a & b 9 ei!r h& twi/ !m up z 9 ,fig4 #dg2 br+ toge!r ! two eyes a & b & hook 9 ! tackle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4 #bd ,,knots1 ,,b5ds1 ,,& ,,hit*es ,,= ,,unit+ ,,ropes4 7#a74 ,a ,reef ,knot4--,! simple/ ( all knots1 & is always us$ :5 a common tie is requir$4 ,its =mation may be easily trac$ 9 ,figs4 #dh1 #di1 #ej4 ,hav+ con/ruct$ ! knot z f> z ,fig4 #dh1 be sure "p a is kept 9 front ( "p b z "h %[n1 & ! end c l$ 9 accord+ to ! direction ( ! dott$ l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4 ,fig4 #di4 ,fig4 #ej4 7#b74 ,a ,common ,b5d or ,%eet ,b5d4--,9 mak+ a b5d ! ends ( ! two ropes are n us$ simultane\sly z 9 =m+ a reef knot1 b an eye or loop is fir/ =m$ 9 ! end ( "o ( ! ropes z 9 ,fig4 #ea1 & ! o!r rope's end is !n rove ?r\gh x 9 v>i\s ways accord+ to ! b5d desir$4 #be ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4 ,to =m a ,%eet ,b5d1 pass ! second rope's end und]nea? ! eye at po9t a & br+ up ?r\gh ! loop1 !n =m ) x a half hit* r\nd c & b 7,fig4 #eb74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4 ,x w hold /ill bett] & is less likely to jamb if ! end c is pass$ r\nd aga9 z 9 ,fig4 #ec4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4 #bf 7#c74 ,= b5d+ two haul+ l9es toge!r use a ,c>rick ,b5d4 ,fir/ =m ) haws] ,no4 #a a loop z 9 ,fig4 #ed4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4 ,pass ! second haws] "u ! fir/ at a1 br+ up ?r\gh ! eye b1 back x ov] ! cross at c1 & br+ up aga9 t[>ds y ?r\gh ! eye b1 & !n /op ! ends ( ea* haws] to _! own respective p>ts 7,fig4 #ee74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee4 #bg 7#d74 ,a ,d\ble ,c>rick ,b5d is =m$ 9 precisely a simil> mann]1 b a complete r\nd turn is tak5 ar\nd ! cross ( ! fir/ haws] at c1 & !n l$ up aga9 ?r\gh ! eye b & f9i%$ (f z be=e 7,fig4 #ef74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4 7#e74 ,a ,diamond ,knot =m$ by ! two ends ( a rope is really a fancy knot4 ,x is (t5 made ) ,hambro' l9e 9 =m+ lany>ds = m>l9e-spikes1 knives1 etc4 ,x is a pretty knot & v easily made4 ,fir/ lay "o ( ! cords 9 a loop %ap$ z 9 ,fig4 #eg4 #bh ,notice c>efully h[ ?is loop is lett]$1 & !n1 tak+ up ! second cord1 lay x "u ! loop at a1 /raight along also "u ! loop at b1 n[ br+ x ov] ! fir/ cord at c & "u x at d & ov] x at e1 !n dip x "u its own "p n[ ly+ betwe5 a & b1 & lead x ov] ! fir/ cord at f4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4 ,! knot1 /ill 9 an unf9i%$ /ate1 w n[ appe> z 9 ,fig4 #eh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4 #bi ,n[ lead ! ends 9 ! direction indicat$ by ! dott$ l9es 7tak+ c>e be=eh& t y h !m suffici5tly long = ! purpose71 & br+ !m bo? up ?r\gh ! op5+ a4 ,br+ ! two /&+ p>ts b & c toge!r1 & gradually r5d] all p>ts 9 turn to "w up ! knot z tight z possible1 :5 x w appe> z 9 ,fig4 #ei4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4 #cj ,,knots ,,=m$ ,,on ,,ropes ,,by ,,_! ,,own ,,/r&s4 ,al?\gh our next s]ies ( knots are g5]ally kn[n z fancy knots !y are by no means m]ely ornam5tal1 _m ( !m play+ important p>ts 9 ! /&+ rigg+ ( a %ip4 7#a74 ,to ,=m a ,wall ,knot4--,fir/ unlay ! rope s t ! /r&s appe> z 9 ,fig4 #fj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fj4 #ca ,hold+ ! rope ) ! left h&1 ) ! "r lead /r& a 9 ! direction indicat$ by ! dott$ l9e1 viz41 "u /r& b & up betwe5 /r&s b & c 7,fig4 #fa74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fa4 ,!n ) /r& b =m a simil> loop1 enclos+ /r&s a & c1 & br++ ! end ( /r& b up betwe5 a & d 7,fig4 #fb74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fb4 #cb ,n[ ) /r& c =m a simil> loop1 enclos+ /r&s b & a by lead+ ! end ( /r& c up ?r\gh ! loop e 9 /r& a 7,fig4 #fc74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fc4 ,f9ally1 "w all p>ts well taut1 :ip ! ends ( ! /r&s toge!r & cut (f %ort 7,fig4 #fd74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fd4 #cc 7#b74 ,a ,d\ble ,wall ,knot is =m$ by all[+ ea* /r& to aga9 foll[ its lead z giv5 9 a s+le wall knot1 op5+ out ! fir/ loops aga9 ) a prick] suffici5tly = ! purpose4 ,! ?ree /r&s are z be=e br\ght up 9 ! c5tre & cut (f %ort aft] :ipp+ !m toge!r4 ,?is knot is also kn[n z a /opp] knot4 7#c74 ,a ,cr[n ,knot is =m$ by int]lac+ ! /r&s 9 a simil> mann] to a wall knot1 b ! /r&s are successively l$ ov] ea* o!r in/ead ( "u4 ,its con/ruction w be easily foll[$ 9 ,fig4 #fe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fe4 ,d\ble cr[n+ is done by foll[+ r\nd ea* /r& aga9 alongside its fir/ lead4 ,our next two knots are b comb9ations ( ! wall & cr[n4 #cd 7#d74 ,a ,manrope ,knot is made by fir/ =m+ a wall & !n cr[n+ x 7,fig4 #ff47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ff4 ,!n foll[ r\nd ! wall aga91 & la/ly1 foll[ r\nd ! cr[n1 :5 ! f9i%$ knot w appe> z 9 ,fig4 #fg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fg4 ,a knot =m$ by mak+ a cr[n fir/ & !n a wall1 & aft]w>ds foll[+ r\nd ! cr[n & wall aga9 is ano!r =m ( ! ,/opp] ,knot4 ,x is v simil> 9 appe>ance :5 f9i%$ to a ,manrope ,knot4 #ce 7#e74 ,a ,s+le ,mat!w ,walk]4--,to make ?is knot comm5ce simil>ly to a wall1 b pass ! fir/ /r& a "u bo? b & c1 z 9 ,fig4 #fh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fh4 ,!n pass b "u bo? /r&s c & a1 & br+ up ?r\gh ! loop fir/ =m$ by a 7,fig4 #fi74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fi4 #cf ,simil>ly pass c "u a & b1 & br+ up ?r\gh ! loop fir/ =m$ by b 7,fig4 #gj74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gj4 7#f74 ,a ,d\ble ,mat!w ,walk] w be easily le>nt if y notice ! diff]5ce betwe5 a s+le ,mat!w ,walk] & a ,wall ,knot4 ,9 ! ,wall ,knot y w h notic$ t ea* /r& is simply int]lac$ ) ! /r& imm$iately on its "r com+ up ?r\gh ! loop =m$ by ?is second /r&4 ,9 ! s+le ,mat!w ,walk] ea* /r& int]laces ! two /r&s to its "r1 com+ up ?r\gh ! loop ( ! ?ird /r&4 #cg ,ano!r evolution 9 ! same ord] br+s u to ! d\ble ,mat!w ,walk]4 ,x is =m$1 z w be se5 by c>efully foll[+ diagram #ga1 by mak+ ea* /r& conta9 9 its own loop1 ! o!r two /r&s1 & its own end1 t is1 ea* /r& leads up ?r\gh its own bight aft] int]lac+ ! o!r two4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ga4 ,fig4 #gb4 ,:5 work$ taut & f9i%$ (f1 x w appe> z 9 ,fig4 #gb4 #ch 7#g74 ,a ,s+le ,diamond ,knot4--,?is is ano!r me?od ( =m+ ! knot %[n 9 ,fig4 #ei1 :i* 9 t case 0 =m$ by ! two ends ( ! same rope4 ,to =m x on a rope by its own /r&s1 unlay ! rope to ! place :]e x is desir$ to =m ! knot1 & z aft] ! knot is made ! /r&s w h to be laid up aga91 try to pres]ve ! orig9al lay 9 ! /r&s z mu* z possible4 ,n[ br+ ea* ( ! ?ree /r&s d[n alongside ! /&+ "p ( ! rope1 ?us =m+ ?ree bights1 & hold !m ?us ) ! left h&4 ,take ! fir/ /r& a 7,fig4 #gc7 &1 putt+ x ov] ! next1 b1 br+ x up ?r\gh ! bight ( ! ?ird /r& c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gc4 #ci ,take ! end ( ! second /r& ov] ! ?ird & up ! bight ( ! fir/4 ,! la/ /r& is br\ght ?r\gh ov] ! fir/ & up ?r\gh ! bight ( ! second4 ,haul taut1 & lay ! rope up aga94 ,fig4 #gd %[s ! loops 9 _! places ) ! ends ?r\gh !m be=e !y are haul$ taut4 ,fig4 #ge gives ! knot f9i%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gd4 ,fig4 #ge4 ,= a d\ble diamond we fir/ make a s+le diamond1 ! ends are !n made to foll[ ! lead ( ! s+le knot ?r\gh two s+le bights1 ! ends com+ out on top ( ! knot4 ,! la/ /r& passes ?r\gh two d\ble bights4 ,! ends are !n haul$ taut & laid up z be=e 7,fig4 #gf74 #dj ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gf4 7#h74 ,a ,%r\d ,knot is a me?od ( jo9+ two ropes4 ,ea* is unlaid ! necess>y l5g?1 & !y are !n br\ght close toge!r4 ,a ,wall ,knot is =m$ on ea* rope ) ! /r&s ( ! o!r 7,fig4 #gg74 ,! complet$ knot is %[n 9 ,fig4 #gh1 b to make a neat job ! ends %\ld be m>l$ & s]v$ z 9 ,fig4 #gi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gg4 ,fig4 #gh4 ,fig4 #gi4 #da 7#i74 ,a ,spritsail ,%eet ,knot4--,unlay bo? ends ( ! rope & br+ ! two /&+ p>ts ( ! rope toge!r z 9 ,fig4 #hj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hj4 ,grasp+ bo? p>ts ( ! rope at a1 ) ! six /r&s =m a ,wall ,knot1 t is1 by pass+ #a "u #b1 #b "u #c1 #c "u #d1 #d "u #e1 #e "u #f1 & #f "u ! loop =m$ by #a4 ,?is w\ld appe> too confus+ if %[n 9 a diagram1 b ! knot is v easily made 9 practice4 ,n[ lay any opposite two ( ! /r&s across ! top #db 9 an opposite direction1 & cr[n by pass+ ! o!r f\r1 ea* 9 turn1 alt]nately ov] & "u ^! two4 ,ea* ( ! six /r&s w !n come out lead+ 9 a d[nw>d direction alongside ! /r&s =m+ ! fir/ wall+4 ,n[ foll[ r\nd ! wall+ aga91 :5 ! /r&s w come ?r\gh 9 an upw>d direction1 ea* alongside a /r& ( ! fir/ cr[n+4 ,foll[ ?r\gh ! cr[n+ once m1 & cut (f ! ends %ort1 :5 a h&some & useful ,/opp] ,knot w result1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ha4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ha4 #dc ,,splices4 7#a74 ,an ,eye ,splice is =m$ by unlay+ ! end ( a rope = a %ort di/ance1 & !n1 aft] clos+ up ! end1 to =m an eye ( ! desir$ size4 ,lay ! ?ree /r&s ^u ! /&+ "p1 n[ tuck ! middle /r& ?r\gh ! /r& ( ! /&+ "p ( ! rope next to x 7aga9/ ! lay ( ! rope71 !n pass ! /r& on ! left ov] ! /r& "u :i* ,no4 #a /r& is tuck$1 & tuck x "u ! next1 & la/ly1 put ! rema9+ /r& ?r\gh ! ?ird /r& on ! o!r side ( ! rope 7,fig4 #hb47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hb4 #dd ,n[ tuck ea* /r& aga9 alt]nately ov] a /r& & "u a /r& ( ! rope1 & !n tap] (f by halv+ ! /r&s be=e tuck+ ! ?ird "t1 & aga9 halve !m be=e ! f\r? tuck4 ,if ! /r&s are tuck$ ) ! lay ( ! rope x is t]m$ a ,sailmak]'s ,splice4 7#b74 ,a ,%ort ,splice is us$ to jo9 two ropes :5 x is n requir$ to pass ?r\gh a block4 ,unlay ! two ropes ! requir$ di/ance1 & clut* !m toge!r z 9 ,fig4 #hc1 t is1 s t ! /r&s ( "o rope g alt]nately betwe5 ! /r&s ( ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hc4 ,!n tuck ! /r&s ( rope a into ! rope b 9 a simil> mann] to t describ$ 9 an eye splice1 & simil>ly tuck ! /r&s ( b into a 7,figs4 #hd & #he74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hd4 ,fig4 #he4 #de 7#c74 ,a ,cut ,splice is made by lay+ two ropes 9 ! position indicat$ 9 ,fig4 #hf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hf4 ,leav+ ! ropes betwe5 a a to =m an oblong loop1 tuck ! /r&s ( "o rope into ! o!r z done 9 ! eye splice4 ,splices are (t5 worm$1 p>cell$1 & s]v$4 ,fig4 #hg %[s ! cut splice aft] ?is treatm5t4 ,a log-l9e splice is a cut splice1 b in/ead ( all[+ ! loop to appe>1 ! two l9es are twi/$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hg4 7#d74 ,a ,long ,splice is "o ( ! mo/ useful ( splices1 z x p]mits ! rope to run ?r\gh a block j ! same z an unsplic$ rope4 ,unlay ! ends ( two ropes to a di/ance ab\t f\r times ! l5g? us$ 9 a %ort splice1 & !n clut* !m toge!r z if ab\t to comm5ce a %ort splice4 ,n[ unlay "o /r& = a consid]able di/ance & fill #df up ! gap ?us caus$ by twi/+ 9 ! /r& opposite to x ( ! o!r rope4 ,!n d ! same ) two m /r&s4 ,let ! rema9+ two /r&s /ay z !y 7 fir/ plac$4 ,! ropes w n[ appe> z 9 ,fig4 #hh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hh4 ,to f9i% (f1 tuck ! ends z 9 a %ort splice1 b ) ! lay ( ! rope1 t is1 s t ! tuck w cont9ually take place ar\nd ! same /r&1 & tap] (f gradually by r$uc+ ! y>ns 9 ! /r&4 7#e74 ,to ,make a ,grommet1 cut a /r& ab\t ?ree & a half times ! l5g? ( ! grommet requir$4 ,unlay ! rope c>efully & keep ! turns ( ! /r& 94 ,close up ! /r& 9 ! =m ( a r+ 7,fig4 #hi71 & !n pass ! ends r\nd & r\nd 9 _! orig9al lay until all ! int]vals are fill$ up 7,fig4 #ij71 & !n f9i% (f ! two ends z 9 a long splice 7,fig4 #ia74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hi4 ,fig4 #ij4 ,fig4 #ia4 #dg ,,wire ,,splic+4 ,9 splic+ wire1 great c>e %\ld be tak5 to prev5t k9ks gett+ 9 ! rope or /r&s4 ,) /eel wire1 always be=e work+ x1 put a /op on at ! place to :i* y int5d to unlay1 & also put a good :ipp+ ( tw9e at ! end ( ea* /r&4 ,/eel wire is six-/r&$ "r-h&$1 & has a he>t ( hemp4 ,flexible wire has a he>t ( hemp 9 ea* /r&4 ,crucible wire is made 9 ! same mann]1 except t ! /r&s are wire ?r\gh\t4 ,crucible wire is us$ = /&+ rigg+ & flexible wire = pur*ases1 etc4 ,9 splic+ wire all tucks are made ) ! lay ( ! rope4 ,9 mak+ an eye splice ! rope is h&l$ bett] if hung up 9 a conv5i5t position s t :5 /&+ up ! eye w be at ab\t ! level ( ! *e/ ( ! p]son work+4 ,a long tap]+ /eel m>l9e-spike is requir$1 & aft] plac+ x "u a /r& d n )draw x until ! tuck is made & all ! slack ( ! /r& drawn ?r\gh4 #dh ,!re are sev]al me?ods 9 vogue = tuck+ ! /r&1 b ! foll[+ is z good z any3--,tuck ! fir/ /r& "u two /r&s & all ! re/ "u "o /r& respectively4 ,tuck :ole aga91 & ?is "t ea* /r& "u "o /r&1 !n halve ! /r&s & tuck aga94 ,to make a neat splice d n haul ! "p ( ! rope t has n be5 unlaid too close to ! neck ( ! splice1 & 9 tuck+ ! /r&s nev] take a %ort nip b take long lays4 ,9 unlay+ = a long splice1 always unlay two /r&s simultane\sly1 to keep ! rope 9 its orig9al lay4 ,= a fair-siz$ rope unlay ab\t #i ft4 ( ea* end4 ,proce$ z 9 rope splic+1 & aft] ! ?ree pairs ( /r&s are 9 _! places1 s+le !m1 & cont9ue to unlay & lay-9 until ! six meet+ places ( ! /r&s are equi-di/ant4 ,to f9i% (f ! ends prop]ly c only be le>nt by obs]vation & actual practice4 ,by us+ two m>l9e-spikes1 ! hemp5 he>t is remov$ & ! ends ( ! wire /r&s =c$ into ! place x occupi$1 mak+ a v neat job :5 f9i%$4 ,wire splices %\ld be p>cell$ ) oily canvas & s]v$ ) ,hambro' l9e4 #di ,,pur*ases4 7#a7 ,s+le ,:ip4--,a rope rove ?r\gh a s+le block fix$ 9 any position4 ,no p[] is ga9$ 7,fig4 #ib74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ib4 7#b74 ,d\ble ,:ip4--,a rope rove ?r\gh two s+le blocks--upp] block a tail block1 l[] "o a movable hook block4 ,p[] ga9$--d\ble 7,fig4 #ic74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ic4 #ej 7#c74 ,a ,runn] adds an additional p[] to ! pur*ase x is us$ ) 7,fig4 #id74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #id4 7#d74 ,gun ,tackle4--s+le blocks4 ,p[] ga9$--twice or ?rice1 accord+ to :i* is ! movable block 7,fig4 #ie74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ie4 #ea 7#e74 ,h&y ,billy or ,jigg]4--,a small tackle = g5]al use2 a d\ble block ) a tail & s+le block ) hook 7,fig4 #if74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #if4 7#f74 ,wat* ,tackle or ,luff ,tackle4--,d\ble hook block & s+le hook block 7,fig4 #ig74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig4 #eb 7#g74 ,d\ble ,luff4--,two d\ble blocks 7,fig4 #ih74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ih4 7#h74 ,?ree-,fold ,pur*ase4--,two ?ree-fold blocks4 ,p[] ga9$--six or sev5 times 7,fig4 #ii74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ii4 #ec 7#i74 ,f\r-,fold ,pur*ase4--,two f\r-fold blocks4 ,p[] ga9$--eight or n9e times 7,fig4 #ajj74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajj4 7#aj74 ,a ,s+le ,spani% ,burton4--,two s+le blocks & a hook4 ,p[] ga9$--?ree times 7,fig4 #aja74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aja4 #ed ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajb4 7#aa74 ,a ,d\ble ,spani% ,burton4--,!re are two =ms ( ?is pur*ase--,fig4 #ajb1 by us+ ?ree s+le blocks2 ,fig4 #ajc1 by us+ "o d\ble block & two s+le blocks4 ,p[] ga9$--five times4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajc4 #ee 7#ab74 ,a ,spani% ,w9dlass4--,to rig a ,spani% ,w9dlass take a good /r& well greas$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,place ! /r& ov] ! two p>ts ( ! rope t are to be hove toge!r1 & br++ ! ends ( ! /r& up aga91 place a bolt close to ! /r&4 ,take ! ends ( ! /r& & lay !m up ) _! own p>ts s z to =m two eyes4 ,take a r\nd turn ) ?is r\nd ! bolt1 put a m>l9e-spike ?r\gh ea* eye & heave ar\nd 7,fig4 #ajd74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajd4 #ef ,,miscellane\s ,,odds ,,& ,,ends4 7#a74 ,a ,palm & ,ne$le ,:ipp+ is a m p]man5t way ( secur+ a rope's end f fray+ ?an ! common :ipp+ put on by h&4 ,fir/1 place ! ne$le "u "o ( ! /r&s & draw ne>ly ! :ole l5g? ( tw9e ?r\gh4 ,take a consid]able numb] ( turns r\nd ! rope ) ! tw9e1 draw+ ea* well taut 9 turn1 & f9i% up by foll[+ r\nd ) ! ne$le betwe5 ea* /r&1 =m+ a s]ies ( frapp+s1 & cut (f ! end ( ! tw9e %ort 7,fig4 #aje74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aje4 7#b74 ,a ,we/ ,c\ntry ,:ipp+ is =m$ by middl+ ! tw9e ar\nd ! "p ( ! rope to be m>k$ & half knott+ x at e half turn1 s t ea* half knot w be on opposite sides4 ,:5 a suffici5t numb] ( turns are pass$1 f9i% x (f ) a reef knot4 #eg 7#c74 ,an ,am]ican ,:ipp+ is sometimes us$ = ! ends ( haws]s4 ,x is comm5c$ 9 ! same way z a common :ipp+1 b f9i%$ (f by hav+ bo? ends out 9 ! middle ( ! :ipp+ & =m+ a reef knot4 ,?is is done by leav+ ! fir/ end out :5 y comm5ce to pass ! turns on ! bight ov] ! la/ end4 7#d74 ,to ,po9t a ,rope ,end4--,fir/ put a /op on at twice & a half ! circumf]5ce ( ! rope f ! end1 :i* w leave ab\t ! l5g? = po9t+1 unlay ! rope to ! /op & !n unlay ! /r&s4 ,split a numb] ( ! outside y>ns & make a nettle out ( ea* y>n4 7,a nettle is made by lay+ up ! y>ns ) ! f+] & ?umb left-h&$47 ,:5 ! nettles are made /op !m back on ! /&+ "p ( ! rope2 !n =m ! po9t ) ! re/ ( ! y>ns by scrap+ !m d[n to a prop] size ) a knife1 & m>l !m d[n toge!r ) tw9e2 divide ! nettles1 tak+ e o!r "o up & e o!r "o d[n4 ,pass ?ree turns ) a piece ( tw9e--:i* is call$ ! w>p--v taut r\nd ! "p :]e ! nettles sep>ate1 tak+ a hit* ) ! la/ turn4 ,cont9ue to repeat ?is process by plac+ e alt]nate nettle up & d[n1 pass+ ! w>p or fill+1 tak+ a hit* ea* "t1 until ! #eh po9t is to its requir$ l5g?4 ,x is g5]ally f9i%$ (f by work+ a small ,flemi% eye 9 ! end 7,figs4 #ajf & #ajg74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajf4 ,fig4 #ajg4 7#e74 ,turk's ,head4--,! ,turk's ,head is "o ( ! mo/ common ( ! ornam5tal knots us$ at sea1 & is =m$ f an ord9>y clove hit* 7,fig4 #ajh7 made suffici5tly slack to all[ = ! work+ ( ! o!r p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajh4 ,hav+ =m$ ! clove hit*1 pass b ov] c & tuck a "u & up ?r\gh ! bight =m$ by c z 9 ,fig4 #aji4 ,x w !n be f\nd t !re is ano!r twi/ 9 #fj ! p>ts b & c1 tuck a "u e & ov] b4 ,!n g on z 9 ,fig4 #aji1 & put b ov] c aga9 & tuck a z be=e4 ,! numb] ( cross+s requir$ dep5ds pr9cipally on ! size ( ! mat]ial on :i* ! ,turk's ,head is =m$4 ,to f9i% (f z 9 ,fig4 #aaj1 ! "p a is made to foll[ d 7,fig #ajh7 r\nd = ?ree times4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aji4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaj4 7#f74 ,m\s+ a ,hook4--,all hooks 9 runn+ ge> %\ld be m\s$ z 9 ,fig4 #aaa4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaa4 #fa 7#g74 ,secur+ ,lead ,l9e to ,lead4--,! lead is fitt$ ) a good wire grommet p>cell$ ov]4 ,! lead l9e %\ld h a long eye splic$ 9 x1 & is secur$ by pass+ ! eye ?r\gh ! grommet & ov] ! lead 7,fig4 #aab74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aab4 7#h74 ,fitt+ a ,flag4--,a toggle %\ld be secur$ at ! head ( ! hoi/ by an eye splice2 a l5g? ( rope equal to ! wid? ( ! flag left bel[ ! hoi/1 z ?is is ! di/ance ! flags %\ld be ap>t1 & !n a runn+ eye splice made s z to be rapidly atta*$ to ! next flag4 7#i74 ,to ,/ick a ,cr+le4--,fir/ unlay a s+le /r& f #fb ! size ( rope y\r cr+le is requir$ to be1 :ip bo? ends1 reeve ! /r& ?r\gh ! left h& eyelet hole 9 ! sail1 hav+ "o end long] ?an ! o!r--ne>ly a ?ird--keep+ ! rop+ ( ! sail t[>ds y4 ,if a ?imble is to be put 9 ! cr+le1 lay up ! p>ts ( ! /r& toge!r1 c\nt+ ?ree lays2 comm5ce ) ! %ort end ( ! /r& t[>ds y1 !n reeve ! long /r& f y ?r\gh ! "r h& eyelet hole1 tak+ x ?r\gh ! cr+le1 & x w be 9 ! "r position to lay up 9 ! vacant space left 9 ! cr+le2 :5 done1 ! "o end w hang d[n inside ! "r h& eyelet hole & ! o!r end outside ! left h& "o2 ! ends are !n hit*$ by be+ rove ?r\gh _! respective eyelet holes & pass$ ov] ! lee* rope & "u _! own "p1 "o hit* be+ t[>ds y & ! o!r f y2 !n take ! ends d[n "u "o /r& on ! "r & two on ! left ( cr+le ne>e/ to x2 !n tuck ! ends "u ! fir/ two /r&s ne>e/ ! hit*1 heav+ !m well 9 place2 ! cr+le is !n fidd$ out1 & ! ?imble is put 9 on ! =e "p ( ! sail4 ,! ends ( ! /r& are !n tuck$ back1 left-h&$1 "u "o /r&1 aga9 "u two1 "r-h&$1 z 9 ! fir/ place1 heav+ !m taut 9 place #fc at ea* tuck1 ! ends are !n :ipp$ ) two ( _! own y>ns & cut (f4 ,if a l>ge cr+le is ne$$1 c\nt an extra numb] ( lays--#e1 #g1 etc41 always an odd numb]4 7#aj74 ,to ,f9i% a ,cr+le (f on ! ,cr[n4--,comm5ce z be=e1 b aft] lay+ up ! /r&1 in/ead ( =m+ a hit* ) ea* end1 ! ends are rove ?r\gh _! respective eyelet holes & tuck$ back "u two /r&s ( ! cr+les & aga9 laid up z f> z ! cr[n1 =m+ a f\r-/r&$ cr+le1 & f9i%$ (f by tuck+ ! ends "u two /r&s & cross+ !m "u ! cr[n ( ! cr+le & cut close (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aac4 ,fig4 #aad4 #fd ,9 work+ a cr+le 9 a piece ( rope ! only diff]5ce is !re are no eyelet holes1 !re=e ! /r& is tuck$ "u two /r&s ( ! rope x is to be work$ 94 7#aa74 ,to ,l5g!n a ,rope ( a ,sail ) a ,s+le ,/r&4--,say x is necess>y to give a sail "o clo? m spread1 x w\ld !n be necess>y to l5g!n ! head & foot rope4 ,suppos+ ! wid? ( clo? to be #b feet & ! size ( ! rope #c 94 ,aft] ripp+ ! rope (f f\r clo?s1 fir/ ( all cut ! /r& at ! di/ance #b ft4 #f 94 f ea* o!r z 9 ,fig4 #aae4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aae4 ,cut "o ( ! /r&s at a & unlay x to c1 !n cut "o ( ! /r&s rema9+ at c & unlay x to b1 lay+ ! /r& a up aga9 z f> z b2 !n cut ! only rema9+ /r& at b1 :i* w be ! c5tre1 :5 y\r rope w be 9 two p>ts4 ,by foll[+ ! plan ! wrong /r& _c possibly be cut4 ,! rope w n[ appe> z 9 ,fig4 #aaf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaf4 #fe ,n[ m>ry ! long end a to ! end b1 !n lay up ! long /r& c 9 ! lays ( ! /r& a1 & m>ry x to ! o!r /r& b z 9 ,fig4 #aag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aag4 ,take a /r& ab\t #aj ft4 9 l5g? ( ! same size rope & m>ry "o end to ! %ort /r& a z %[n above1 !n fill up ! space left f a to c by lay+ 9 ! new /r&1 & m>ry ! o!r end to ! %ort /r& c4 ,y w !n h f\r splices to f9i% (f z ord9>y long splices 7,fig4 #aah74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aah4 7#aa74 ,jury ,knot4 ,! jury knot is useful :5 a jury ma/ has to be rigg$1 z ! loops =m a means ( atta*+ ! necess>y supports to ! ma/4 ,! c5tre k 7,fig4 #abj7 is slipp$ ov] ! ma/head1 & ! weight br\ght on ! /ays tight5s x & holds x 9 its position on ! ma/4 #ff ,x is =m$ by ?ree ord9>y half-hit*es1 ea* plac$ beh9d ! o!r & ) ! loop ( ! la/ laid ov] ! fir/1 z 9 ,fig4 #aai4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aai4 ,hav+ done ?is1 keep ! hit*es toge!r ) ! "r h&1 & ) ! left take a & dip x "u b & pull c ?r\gh a & b4 ,!n1 hold+ ! knot ) ! left h&1 place f ov] e1 & pull d betwe5 e & f4 ,take g 9 ! tee? & pull on ! p>ts g1 f1 & a4 ,! ends h & z may be ei!r knott$ or splic$4 #fg ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abj4 7#ac74 ,sl+ = a ,b>rel4--,! foll[+ me?od ( sl++ a b>rel is adopt$ :5 x is desir$ to hoi/ x up end on4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aba4 ,pass ! bight a ( ! rope "u ! l[] end ( ! b>rel & br+ ! two p>ts up1 & ) !m #fh =m an ov]h& knot b1 :i* is op5$ out s z to fit ov] ! end ( ! b>rel4 ,! bight a is plac$ "u ! cask1 & ! ov]h& knot b is slipp$ ov] ! head1 & ! two ends are br\ght up & knott$ z 9 ,fig4 #abb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abb4 7#ad74 ,*a9 ,knot4--,an easy & ornam5tal way ( %ort5+ a rope is t kn[n z ! *a9 knot4 ,to =m x proce$ z ?\gh y are go+ to make an ord9>y ov]h& knot1 b in/ead ( work+ ) bo? ends use ! end & a bight z 9 ,fig4 #abc4 #fi ,?is w =m ! loop a1 ,fig4 #abc1 ?r\gh :i* pass a bight ( b & cont9ue 9 ?is way until all ! slack rope is us$ up1 & x c be f9i%$ (f by runn+ ! end ?r\gh ! la/ loop 7,fig4 #abd74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abc4 ,fig4 #abd4 7#ae74 ,d\ble ,*a94--,! ,d\ble ,*a9 is a little m intricate ?an ! *a9 knot1 & is =m$ by tak+ a turn r\nd ! /&+ "p & ?us =m+ a loop #gj c1 ?r\gh :i* ! end a is pass$1 ?us =m+ ! loop b 7,fig4 #abe74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abe4 ,! end a is br\ght back & dipp$ d[n ?r\gh b & ?is is cont9u$ z long z requir$1 f9i%+ (f by runn+ ! end ?r\gh ! la/ bight & haul+ x taut 7,fig4 #abf74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abf4 #ga 7#af74 ,twi/ ,or ,plait ,knot4--,ano!r me?od ( %ort5+ a small h&y rope is kn[n z ! twi/ or plait knot4 ,arrange ! rope 9 su* a mann] t ! am\nt to be tak5 up =ms a bight z 9 ,fig4 #abg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abg4 ,fig4 #abh4 ,!n by tak+ a ov] b & c ov] b1 & s on1 tak+ ! outside "o on ea* side alt]nately ov] ! middle "o1 ! plait is =m$4 ,to keep ! plait cle>1 ! end has to be cont9ually dipp$ ?r\gh ! fir/ bight made 7,fig4 #abh74 #gb ,,h[ ,,to ,,h&le ,,wire ,,rope1 ,,etc4 ,! foll[+ article by a ,wire ,speciali/ w be read ) int]e/3-- ,:5 uncoil+ ,wire ,rope x is important t no k9ks are all[$ to =m1 z once a k9k is made no am\nt ( /ra9 c take x out1 & ! rope is unsafe to "w4 ,if possible a turn-table %\ld be employ$ 7an old c>t :eel m\nt$ on a sp9dle makes an excell5t "o72 ! rope w !n lead (f p]fectly /raight )\t k9ks4 7,see ,fig4 #abi47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abi4 ,fig4 #acj4 ,if a turn-table is n available ! rope may be roll$ along ! gr\nd z %[n 9 ,fig4 #acj4 #gc ,9 no case mu/ ! rope be laid on ! gr\nd & ! end tak5 ov] 7z 9 ,fig4 #aca71 or k9ks w result1 & ! rope w be completely spoil$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aca4 ,! life ( ,wire ,rope dep5ds pr9cipally ^u ! diamet] ( drums1 %eaves1 & pulleys2 & too mu* importance _c be giv5 to ! size ( ! latt]4 ,:]ev] possible ! size ( ! pulleys %\ld be n less ?an #gjj times ! diamet] ( ! l>ge/ wire 9 ! rope1 & nev] less ?an #cjj times4 ,! diamet]s ( drums1 %eaves1 & pulleys %\ld increase ) ! work+ load :5 ! factor ( safety is less ?an #e to #a4 ,! load %\ld n be lift$ ) a j]k1 z ! /ra9 may equal ?ree or f\r times ! prop] load1 & a s\nd rope may easily be brok54 ,exam9e ropes frequ5tly4 ,a new rope is *eap] ?an ! risk ( kill+ or maim+ employees4 #gd ,"o-fif? ( ! ultimate /r5g? ( ! rope %\ld be consid]$ a fair work+ load4 ,9 %afts & elevators :]e human life is con/antly rais$ & l[]$1 ! work+ load %\ld n be m ?an "o-t5? ( ! ultimate break+ /r5g? ( ! rope4 ,to increase ! am\nt ( "w done1 x is bett] to increase ! work+ load ?an ! spe$ ( ! rope4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t ! we> ( ! rope increases ) ! spe$4 ,wire ,rope %\ld be greas$ :5 runn+ or idle4 ,ru/ de/roys z effectively z h>d "w4 ,galvaniz$ ,wire ,rope %\ld nev] be us$ = runn+ rope4 ,"o day's use w we> (f ! coat+ ( z9c1 & ! rope w soon beg9 to ru/4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! grooves ( drums & %eaves are p]fectly smoo?1 ample 9 diamet]1 & con=m$ to ! surface ( ! rope4 ,!y %\ld also be 9 p]fect l9e ) ! rope1 s t ! latt] may n *afe on ! sides ( ! grooves4 ,set ( ,wire ,rope ,splic+ ,tools4 ,to produce ! be/ "w1 ! splic] %\ld h at 8 disposal a set ( tools simil> to ^? 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration4 ,! ,tool set consi/s (--#a ,tuck] = ,small ,/r&s ,splic+2 #a ,m>l9 ,spike1 ,r\nd2 #a ,m>l9 ,spike1 ,flatt$2 #a ,pair ,special ,/eel ,wire ,cutt]s2 #a ,s]v+ ,mallet4 ,all ( be/ ,ca/ ,/eel1 ,h& ,=g$4 #ge ,illu/ration3 ,fig #acb4 ,^! ,sets may be _h at prices v>y+ f #ae_/f to #df_/-4 #gf ,directions = ,splic+4 ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,endless ,,splice4--,clamps are appli$ to ! rope suffici5tly f> back f ! ends to all[ pl5ty ( room = ! splice1 & ! m5 to op]ate 94 ,! two ends are !n drawn toge!r by means ( blocks & tackle1 until !y ov]lap ea* o!r = a space ( tw5ty to ?irty feet1 accord+ to ! size ( ! rope4 ,at a po9t f ea* end midway ( ! lap1 ! rope mu/ be b\nd ) a good s]v+ ( ,no4 #ah or ,no4 #bj anneal$ wire4 ,! s]v+ at ! extreme ends is !n cut (f1 ! /r&s untwi/$ to ! new s]v+1 & ! hemp cores also cut (f s z to abut :5 ! op5 bun*es ( /r&s are br\ght toge!r1 & ! opposite /r&s int]lac$ regul>ly ) ea* o!r1 pres5t+ ! appe>ance z ne> z c be %[n 7,fig4 #acc74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acc4 ,aft] ^! are all correctly int]lac$1 pull ! ropes tightly toge!r1 s t ! cores abut aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,next take #gg /r& ,no4 #a1 & z x is be+ unlaid1 foll[ x up ) /r& ,a1 :i* mu/ be laid into its place tightly until )9 five feet f ! end4 ,/r& ,no4 #a is !n cut (f1 leav+ x five feet long1 same l5g? z ,a /r&4 ,! rema9+ /r&s are treat$ ! same way1 ?ree alt]nate /r&s be+ laid t[>ds ! "r h& & ?ree to ! left4 ,! /r&s be+ n[ all laid 9 _! places1 ! ends are cut (f1 z ) ! fir/ /r&s1 to five feet4 ,! appe>ance ( splice w n[ be ! same z 9 ,fig4 #acd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acd4 ,! next ?+ is to tuck 9 ! ends1 & ?is is :]e ! skill comes 94 ,be=e do+ ?is1 c>e %\ld be obs]v$ to see t ! splic$ portion ( ! rope is p]fectly limp1 or free ( t5sion1 o!rwise ?is op]ation _c be well p]=m$4 ,! core is !n cut & pull$ out on ! side correspond+ ) ! end to be tuck$ 9 = a di/ance equal to ! l5g? ( ! end :i* is to replace x4 ,x is desirable1 especially if ! rope is compos$ ( small wires1 to tie ! ends ( ! /r&s ) s(t tw9e or ?reads ( jute y>n 9 ord] to keep ! wires well bun*$4 ,a m>l9 spike is !n pass$ ov] #a & "u two ( ! /r&s1 :5 ! core is cut (f at ! prop] po9t1 & by mov+ ! spike along ! rope spirally ) ! /r&s1 ! loose end #a is pass$ into ! core space & ! spike )drawn4 #gh ,!n pull out ! core on ! o!r side1 pass ! m>l9 spike ov] ,a & "u two /r&s z be=e1 cut (f ! core1 & tuck 9 ! end ,a 9 precisely ! same mann]1 aft] :i* ! rope is twi/$ back aga9 z tightly z possible1 & ! clamps or o!r appliances t may be us$ are remov$ to ! next pair ( project+ ends4 ,any slight inequality 9 ! symmetrical %ape ( ! rope may be tak5 out by p\nd+ ) a wood5 mallet4 ,"s pref] to tuck 9 fir/ all ! ends project+ 9 "o direction1 & !n ! ends project+ ! o!r way2 x is immat]ial 9 :at ord] !y are tuck$ 94 ,if ^! directions are implicitly foll[$1 ! splic$ portion ( ! rope w be ( uni=m diamet] ) o!r portions1 & w pres5t a smoo? & ev5 appe>ance ?r\gh\t4 ,aft] runn+ a day or two1 ! locality ( ! splice _c be readily detect$1 & ! rope w be q z /rong 9 ?is portion z any o!r4 ,splic+ ,?imbles4 ,,"u ,,& ,,ov] ,,/yle--,ord9>y type ( ,wire ,rope4 ,s]ve ! rope ) wire or t>r$ y>n to suit ! circumf]5ce ( ! ?imble1 b5d r\nd ?imble & tie securely 9 place ) tempor>y la%+ till splice is f9i%$ 7z 9 ,fig4 #ace74 ,op5 out ! /r&s 7z 9 ,fig4 #acf71 tak+ c>e to keep ! loose end ( ! rope to ! left h& 7see ,fig4 #acf74 ,n[ ins]t m>l9 spike1 lift+ two /r&s 7z %[n 9 ,fig4 #acg71 & tuck away t[>ds ! "r h& 7t is ins]t+ ! /r& at ! po9t1 & ov] ! spike7 /r& ,no4 #a1 pull+ ! /r& well home4 ,next #hj ins]t m>l9 spike ?r\gh next /r& to ! left1 only lift+ "o /r&1 ! po9t ( ! spike com+ out at ! same place z be=e4 ,tuck away /r& ,no4 #b z be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ace4 ,fig4 #acf4 ,fig4 #acg4 ,fig4 #ach4 ,! next tuck is ! lock+ tuck4 ,ins]t m>l9 spike 9 next /r&1 &1 miss+ ,no4 #c1 tuck away /r& ,no4 #d f ! po9t ( ! spike t[>ds ! "r h&4 ,n[1 )\t tak+ out ! spike1 tuck away /r& ,no4 #c beh9d ! spike t[>ds ! left h& 7z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ach74 ,n[ ins]t spike 9 next /r&1 & tuck away /r& ,no4 #e beh9d & ov] ! spike4 ,no4 #f likewise4 ,pull all ! loose /r&s well d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aci4 ,fig4 #adj4 ,?is completes ! fir/ s]ies ( tucks1 & ! splice w1 if made prop]ly1 be z ,fig4 #aci4 ,n[1 />t+ ) /r& ,no4 #a & tak+ ea* /r& 9 rotation1 tuck away "u "o /r& & ov] ! next /r& till all ! /r&s h be5 tuck$ f\r times4 ,if #ha x is int5d$ to tap] ! splice1 ! /r&s may at ?is po9t be split1 & half ( ! wires be+ tuck$ away z be=e1 ! o!r half cut close to ! splice4 ,fig4 #abg ,transcrib]'s note3 #adj8 %[s ! f9i%$ splice ready = s]v+ ov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ada4 #hb ,x w be notic$ t ?is /yle ( splice possesses a plait$ appe>ance1 & ! m /ra9 appli$ to ! rope1 ! tight] ! splice w grip1 & !re is no fe> ( ! splice draw+ ow+ to rotation ( ! rope4 ,,liv]pool ,,or ,,spiral ,,/yle 7,see ,fig4 #ada74--;,haws]s1 or any ropes n hang+ free & liable to sp91 may be splic$ 9 ?is /yle1 9 :i* ! /r&s1 in/ead ( be+ int]lock$ toge!r1 are m]ely tuck$ r\nd & r\nd "o p>ticul> /r& 9 ! rope4 ,ea* loose /r& is ( c\rse tuck$ r\nd a diff]5t /r& 9 ! rope4 ,?is is sometimes call$ ! ,liv]pool /yle 7,see ,fig4 #ada74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ada4 #hc ,,tables ,%[+ ,weights1 etc41 ( ,v>i\s ,cordage4 ,,k9ds4 ,,l5g?4 ,,weight4 ,reef+ tw9e1 #bd ske9s #h to #i lbs4 ,sew+ tw9e1 #bd #h to #i lbs4 ,m>l9e1 #ab #d lbs4 ,log l9es1 #be fa?oms #a to #c lbs4 ,samson l9es1 #cj #c_/d lb4 ,samson l9es1 #cj #a lb4 ,samson l9es1 #cj #a #a_/d lbs4 ,samson l9es1 #cj #a #a_/b lbs4 ,fi%+ l9es1 #be #a_/d lb4 ,fi%+ l9es1 #be #a_/b lb4 ,fi%+ l9es1 #be #c_/d lb4 ,fi%+ l9es1 #be #a lb4 ,hambro'-l9es 7#f ?reads71 #bc #a #a_/b lbs4 ,hambro'-l9es 7#i ?reads71 #bc #b #a_/d lbs4 ,hambro'-l9es 7#ab ?reads71 #bc #c lbs4 ,h& lead l9es1 #bj #d lbs4 ,deep sea l9es1 #abj #bh lbs4 ,deep sea l9es1 #abj #cb lbs4 ,deep sea l9es1 #abj #cd lbs4 ,deep sea l9es1 #abj #cf lbs4 #hd ,,/r5g? ,,( ,,ropes4 ,work+ ,break+ ,ord9>y ,hemp4 ,iron4 ,/eel4 ,load4 ,/ra94 ,*a94 ,cwts4 ,tons4 #b #c_/d #a #f #b #e_/af #a #a_/b #a #i #c #c #c_/d #a #e_/h #ab #d #a #c_/d #a #a_/b #ae #e #d #a_/b #a #g_/h #ah #f #b #a #e_/h #ba #g #e #a_/b #b #a_/h #a #c_/d #bd #h #i_/af #b #a_/d #bg #i #f #b #c_/h #a #g_/h #cj #aj #f #a_/b #b #e_/h #b #cf #ab #b #c_/d #b #a_/h #cg #ac #g #b #g_/h #b #a_/d #db #ad #aa_/af #g #a_/b #c #a_/h #b #c_/h #dh #af #h #c #c_/h #b #a_/b #ed #ah #c #a_/b #b #e_/h #fj #bj #h #a_/b #c #e_/h #b #c_/d #ff #bb #i #a_/b #c #g_/h #c #a_/d #gh #bf #ae_/af #aj #d #hd #bh #a #d #a_/d #c #c_/h #ij #cj #aa #d #c_/h #if #cb #d #a_/b #c #a_/b #ajh #cf #ab #d #e_/h #c #c_/d #abj #dj #he ,transcrib]'s note3 9 ! s\rce book1 ! foll[+ two tables 7 a s+le table4 ,x has be5 split into two due to space limitations4 ,,table ,,( ,,weights ,,& ,,break+ ,,/ra9s4 ,circum- f]5ce ,:ite ,t>r$ ( ,rope4 ,manila ,rope4 ,hemp ,rope4 ,coir ,rope4 ,weight ,weight ,weight = #abj ,break+ = #abj ,break+ = #abj ,break+ ,fa?oms4 ,/ra94 ,fa?oms4 ,/ra94 ,fa?oms4 ,/ra94 ,ins4 ,ct4 ,qr4 ,lb4 ,tns4 ,cwts4 ,ct4 ,qr4 ,lb4 ,tns4 ,cwts4 ,ct4 ,qr4 ,lb4 ,tns4 ,cwts4 #a -- -- -- -- -- -- #a #a_/d -- -- -- -- -- -- #a #a_/b -- -- -- -- -- -- #a #c_/d -- -- -- -- -- -- #b #j #c #d #a #f #a #j #j #j #ai #j #b #d #j #f #b #a_/d #j #c #bf #a #ac #a #j #bg #a #b #j #b #ai #j #h #b #a_/b #a #j #bj #b #j #a #b #d #a #g #j #c #i #j #aj #b #c_/d #a #a #be #b #i #a #c #aa #a #ac #a #j #j #j #ab #c #a #c #b #b #ah #b #j #bb #b #b #a #j #bb #j #ad #c #a_/d #b #j #g #c #h #b #b #aj #b #g #a #a #ag #j #af #c #a_/b #b #a #ab #c #ai #c #j #b #b #ag #a #b #ae #j #ai #c #c_/d #b #b #ba #d #aa #c #a #ba #c #g #a #c #ad #a #b #d #c #j #f #e #c #d #j #j #c #ag #b #j #af #a #e #d #a_/d #c #b #j #e #ag #d #b #j #d #d #b #a #ah #a #h #d #a_/b #c #c #bj #f #aa #d #c #bd #d #aj #b #b #bj #a #ab #e #d #b #bd #h #b #f #j #ae #e #aj #c #a #h #b #j #e #a_/b #e #c #af #i #af #g #a #ae #f #aj #d #j #j #b #h #f #g #j #h #aa #ac #h #c #d #h #i #d #c #d #b #ah #f #a_/b #h #a #j #ac #ad #aj #a #ab #i #i #e #b #ab #c #f #g #i #a #bj #ae #ah #ab #j #h #aa #i #f #b #d #c #ah #h #ab #j #bd #bj #ad #af #j #j #ae #i #h #b #h #e #j ,galvanis$ ,galvanis$ ,circum- ,galvanis$ ,pat5t ,/eel ,pat5t ,/eel f]5ce ,rigg+ ,flexible ,extra ,flexible ( ,rope4 ,wire ,rope4 ,wire ,rope4 ,wire ,rope4 ,weight ,weight ,weight p] ,break+ p] ,break+ p] ,break+ ,fa?om4 ,/ra9 ,fa?om4 ,/ra9 ,fa?om4 ,/ra9 ,lbs4 ,tons4 ,lbs4 ,tons4 ,lbs4 ,tons4 #a #a4b #a #c_/d 4#gf #a #c_/d 4#hh #b #a_/b #a #a_/d #a4f #c #a4ab #b #g_/h #a4cf #d #a #a_/b #b4b #d #a4dd #d #b4jj #g #a #c_/d #c4j #e #a_/b #b4jj #e #a_/b #b4gb #i #b #c4h #g #b4dj #g #c4dh #aa #b #a_/d #d4f #i #c4ab #i #a_/b #d4dd #ac #a_/b #b #a_/b #e4h #aa #d4jj #ab #a_/b #e4dd #ag #a_/b #b #c_/d #f4h #ac #d4fd #ae #a_/b #f4gb #bb #a_/b #c #h4j #af #e4dh #ah #h4jj #be #a_/b #c #a_/d #i4b #ai #f4hj #bb #i4dh #cj #c #a_/b #aa4b #bb #g4hj #bf #aa4jj #cf #c #c_/d #ab4d #bf #i4jj #bi #ab4dd #dj #d #ad4d #cj #aj4jj #cc #ad4bd #dd #d #a_/d #ag4j #cd #aa4bj #ce #af4jj #di #d #a_/b #ah4d #ch #ab4hj #ci #ah4jj #ej #e -- -- -- -- -- -- #e #a_/b -- -- -- -- -- -- #f -- -- -- -- -- -- #f #a_/b -- -- -- -- -- -- #g -- -- -- -- -- -- #h -- -- -- -- -- -- #hf ,/r5g? ( ,%ort ,r\nd-,l9k$ ,*a94 ,,in*es4 ,,mean ,,break+ ,,/ra94 ,,te/4 ,tons4 #a #a_/d #dd #ah4h #a #bi #ab4j #g_/h #bc #i4a #c_/d #ag #f4h #e_/h #ab #d4f #a_/b #g #a_/b #c4j