,,harper',s  ,,new ,,monthly ,,magazine4
  ,no4 ,,xii4--,,may1 #ahea--,,vol4     
,,ii4     ,,the ,,novelty ,,works1      
,,with ,,some ,,description ,,of ,,the  
,,machinery ,,and ,,the ,,processes     
,,employed ,,in ,,the ,,construction    
,,of ,,marine ,,steam-,,engines ,,of    
,,the ,,largest ,,class4  ,,by ,,jacob  
,,abbott4   ,illustration3 ,,general    
,,view ,,of ,,the ,,novelty ,,iron      
,,works1 ,,new ,,york1 7,as seen from   
the ,east ,river47  ,perhaps no one of  
those vast movements which are now going
 forward among mankind1 and which mark  
so strikingly the industrial power and  
genius of the present age1 is watched   
with more earnest interest by thinking  
men1 than the successive steps of the   
progress by which the mechanical power  
of steam and machinery is gradually     
advancing1 in its contest for the       
dominion of the seas4 ,there is a double
 interest in this conflict4 ,in fact1   
the conflict itself is a double one4    
,there is first a struggle between the  

mechanical power and ingenuity of man1  
on the one hand1 and the uncontrollable 
and remorseless violence of ocean storms
 on the other2 and1 secondly1 there is  
the rivalry1 not unfriendly1 though     
extremely ardent and keen1 between the  
two most powerful commercial nations on 
the globe1 each eager to be the first to
 conquer the common foe4  ,the armories 
in which the ordnance and ammunition for
 this warfare are prepared1 consist1 so 
far as this country is concerned1 of    
certain establishments1 vast in their   
extent and capacity1 though unpretending
 in external appearance1 which are      
situated in the upper part of the city  
of ,new ,york1 on the shores of the     
,east ,river4 ,as the city of ,new ,york
 is sustained almost entirely by its    
commerce1 and as this commerce is       
becoming every year more and more       
dependent for its prosperity and        
progress upon the power of the enormous 
engines by which its most important     
functions are now performed1 the        

establishments where these engines are  
invented and made1 and fitted into the  
ships which they are destined to propel1
 constitute really the heart of the     
metropolis2 though1 the visitor1 who    
comes down for the first time by the    
,east ,river1 from the ,sound1 in the   
morning boat from ,norwich or ,fall     
,river1 is very prone to pass them      
carelessly by--his thoughts intent upon 
what he considers the superior glory and
 brilliancy which emanate from the      
hotels and theatres of ,broadway4  ,in  
fact1 there is very little to attract   
the eye of the unthinking traveler to   
these establishments as he glides       
swiftly by them in the early morning4   
,he is astonished perhaps at the        
multitude of steamers which he sees     
lining the shores in this part of the   
city1 some drawn up into the docks for  
repairs2 others new1 and moored         
alongside a pier to receive their       
machinery2 and others still upon the    
stocks in the capacious ship-yards1 in  

the various stages of that skeleton     
condition which in the ship marks the   
commencement1 as in animal life it does 
the end1 of existence4 ,beyond and above
 the masts and spars and smoke-pipes of 
this mass of shipping1 the observer sees
 here and there a columnar chimney1 or  
the arms of a monstrous derrick or      
crane1 or a steam-pipe ejecting vapor in
 successive puffs with the regularity of
 an animal pulsation4 ,he little thinks 
that these are the beatings which mark  
the spot where the true heart of the    
great metropolis really lies4 ,but it is
 actually so4 ,the splendor and the     
fashion of the ,fifth ,avenue1 and of   
,union-square1 as well as the           
brilliancy1 and the ceaseless movement  
and din of ,broadway1 are the mere      
incidents and ornaments of the          
structure1 while these establishments1  
and others of kindred character and     
function1 form the foundation on which  
the whole of the vast edifice reposes4  
,we select1 rather by accident than     

otherwise1 the ,novelty ,works as a     
specimen of the establishments to which 
we have been alluding1 for description  
in this ,number4 ,a general view of the 
works as they appear from the river1 is 
presented in the engraving at the head  
of this article1 with the docks and     
piers belonging to the establishment in 
the fore-ground4  ,the entrance to the  
inclosure is by a great gateway1 through
 which the visitor on approaching it1   
will1 very probably see an enormous     
truck or car issuing1 drawn by a long   
team of horses1 and bearing some        
ponderous piece of machinery suspended  
beneath it by means of levers and       
chains4 ,on the right of the entrance   
gate is the porter's lodge1 with        
entrances from it to the offices1 as    
represented in the plan on the adjoining
 page ,beyond the entrance1 and just    
within the inclosure may be seen a great
 crane used for receiving or delivering 
the vast masses of metal1 the shafts1   
the cylinders1 the boilers1 the vacuum  

pans1 and other ponderous formations    
which are continually coming and going  
to and from the yard4 ,beyond the crane 
is seen the bell by which the hours of  
work are regulated4  ,illustration3     
,,entrance ,,to ,,the ,,novelty ,,works4
  ,the plan upon the adjoining page will
 give the reader some idea of the extent
 of the accommodations required for the 
manufacture of such heavy and massive   
machinery4 ,on the right of the entrance
 may be seen the porter's lodge1 shown  
in perspective in the view below4       
,beyond it1 in the yard1 stands the     
crane1 which is seen likewise in the    
view4 ,turning to the left1 just beyond 
the crane1 the visitor enters the iron  
foundry1 a spacious inclosure1 with     
ovens and furnaces along the sides1 and 
enormous cranes swinging in various     
directions in the centre4 ,these cranes 
are for hoisting the heavy castings out 
of the pits in which they are formed4   
,the parts marked v v v1 are ovens for  
drying the moulds4  ,illustration       

,turning to the right from the foundry1 
and passing down through the yard1 the  
visitor finds himself in the midst of a 
complicated maze of buildings1 which    
extend in long ranges toward the water1 
with lanes and passages between them    
like the streets of a town4 ,in these   
passages companies of workmen are seen1 
some going to and fro1 drawing heavy    
masses of machinery upon iron trucks2   
others employed in hoisting some        
ponderous cylinder or shaft by a crane1 
or stacking pigs of iron in great heaps1
 to be ready for the furnaces which are 
roaring near as if eager to devour them4
 ,and all the time there issues from the
 open doors of the great boiler-shops   
and forging-shops below1 an incessant   
clangor1 produced by the blows of the   
sledges upon the rivets of the boilers1 
or of the trip-hammers at the forges4   
,the relative positions of the various  
shops where the different operations are
 performed will be seen by examination  
of the plan4 ,the motive power by which 

all the machinery of the establishment  
is driven1 is furnished by a stationary 
engine in the very centre of the works1 
represented in the plan4 ,it stands     
between two of the principal shops4 ,on 
the right is seen the boiler1 and on the
 left the engine--while the black square
 below1 just within the great           
boiler-shop1 represents the chimney4    
,other similar squares in different     
parts of the plan represent chimneys    
also1 in the different parts of the     
establishment4 ,these chimneys may be   
seen in perspective in the general view1
 at the head of this article1 and may be
 identified with their several          
representations in the plan1 by a       
careful comparison4 ,the one belonging  
to the engine is the central one in the 
picture as well as in the plan--that is1
 the one from which the heaviest volume 
of smoke is issuing4  ,this central     
engine1 since it carries all the        
machinery of the works1 by means of     
which every thing is formed and         

fashioned1 is the life and soul of the  
establishment--the mother1 in fact1 of  
all the monsters which issue from it2   
and it is impossible to look upon her1  
as she toils on industriously in her    
daily duty1 and think of her ,titanic   
progeny1 scattered now over every ocean 
on the globe1 without a certain feeling 
of respect and even of admiration4  ,a  
careful inspection of the plan will give
 the reader some ideas of the nature of 
the functions performed in these        
establishments1 and of the general      
arrangements adopted in them4 ,the      
magnitude and extent of them is shown by
 this fact1 that the number of men      
employed at the ,novelty ,works is from 
one thousand to twelve hundred4 ,these  
are all men1 in the full vigor of life4 
,if now we add to this number a proper  
estimate for the families of these men1 
and for the mechanics and artisans who  
supply their daily wants1 all of whom   
reside in the streets surrounding the   
works1 we shall find that the           

establishment represents1 at a moderate 
calculation1 a population of ten        
thousand souls4  ,the proper regulation 
of the labors of so large a body of     
workmen as are employed in such an      
establishment1 requires1 of course1 much
 system in the general arrangements1 and
 very constant and careful supervision  
on the part of those intrusted with the 
charge of the various divisions of the  
work4 ,the establishment forms1 in fact1
 a regularly organized community1       
having1 like any state or kingdom1 its  
gradations of rank1 its established     
usages1 its written laws1 its police1   
its finance1 its records1 its rewards1  
and its penalties4 ,the operation of the
 principles of system1 and of the       
requirements of law1 leads1 in such a   
community as this1 to many very curious 
and striking results1 some of which it  
would be interesting to describe1 if we 
had space for such descriptions4 ,but we
 must pass to the more immediate subject
 in this article1 which is the structure

 of the engine itself1 and not that of  
the community which produces it4  ,the  
engraving on the next page represents   
the interior of the engine-room of the  
,humboldt--a new steamer1 which was     
lying at the dock at the time of our    
visit1 receiving her machinery2 though  
probably before these pages shall come  
under the eye of the reader1 she will be
 steadily forcing her way over the      
foaming surges of the broad ,atlantic4  
,the machinery1 as we saw it1 was       
incomplete1 and the parts in            
disorder--the various masses of which it
 was ultimately to be composed1 resting 
on temporary supports1 in different     
stages1 apparently of their slow journey
 to the place and the connection in     
which they respectively belonged4 ,the  
ingenious artist1 however1 who made the 
drawings1 succeeded in doing1 by means  
of his imagination1 at once1 what it    
will require the workmen several weeks  
to perform1 with all their complicated  
machinery of derricks1 tackles1 and     

cranes4 ,he put every thing in its      
place1 and has given us a view of the   
whole structure as it will appear when  
the ship is ready for sea4  ,there are  
two engines and four boilers2 thus the  
machinery is all double1 so that if any 
fatal accident or damage should accrue  
to any part1 only one half of the moving
 force on which the ship relies would be
 suspended4 ,the heads of two of the    
boilers are to be seen on the left of   
the view4 ,they are called the starboard
 and larboard boilers--those words      
meaning right and left4 ,that is1 the   
one on the right to a person standing   
before them in the engine room1 and     
facing them1 is the starboard1 and the  
other the larboard boiler4 ,it is the   
larboard boiler which is nearest the    
spectator in the engraving4  ,the       
boilers1 the heads of which only are    
seen in the engraving1 are enormous in  
magnitude and capacity1 extending as    
they do far forward into the hold of the
 ship4 ,in marine engines of the largest

 class they are sometimes thirty-six    
feet long and over twelve feet in       
diameter4 ,there is many a farmer's     
dwelling house among the mountains1     
which is deemed by its inmates spacious 
and comfortable1 that has less capacity4
 ,in fact1 placed upon end1 one of these
 boilers would form a tower with a very 
good sized room on each floor1 and four 
stories high4 ,the manner in which the  
boilers are made will be presently      
explained4  ,the steam generated in the 
boilers is conveyed to the engine1 where
 it is to do its work1 by what is called
 the steam pipe4 ,the steam pipe of the 
larboard engine1 that is1 of the one    
nearest the spectator1 is not           
represented in the engraving1 as it     
would have intercepted too much the view
 of the other parts4 ,that belonging to 
the starboard engine1 however1 may be   
seen passing across from the boiler to  
the engine1 on the back side of the     
room4 ,the destination of the steam is  
the cylinder4  ,illustration3 ,,general 

,,view ,,of ,a ,,marine ,,engine4  ,the 
cylinder1 marked ,c1 is seen on the     
extreme right1 in the view4 ,it may be  
known1 too1 by its form1 which          
corresponds with its name4 ,the cylinder
 is the heart and soul of the engine1   
being the seat and centre of its power4 
,the steam is generated in the boilers1 
but while it remains there it remains   
quiescent and inert4 ,the action in     
which its mighty power is expended1 and 
by means of which all subsequent effects
 are produced1 is the lifting and       
bringing down of the enormous piston    
which plays within the cylinder4 ,this  
piston is a massive metallic disc or    
plate1 fitting the interior of the      
cylinder by its edges1 and rising or    
falling by the expansive force of the   
steam1 as it is admitted alternatively  
above and below it4  ,the round beam    
which is seen issuing from the centre of
 the head of the cylinder is called the 
piston rod4 ,the piston itself is firmly
 secured to the lower end of this rod   

within the cylinder4 ,of course1 when   
the piston is forced upward by the      
pressure of the steam admitted beneath  
it1 the piston rod rises1 too1 with all 
the force of the expansion4 ,this is1 in
 the case of the largest marine engines1
 a force of about a hundred tons4 ,that 
is to say1 if in the place of the cross 
head--the beam marked ,h in the         
engraving which surmounts the           
piston--there were a mass of rock       
weighing a hundred tons1 which would be1
 in the case of granite1 a block four   
feet square and eighty feet high1 the   
force of the steam beneath the piston in
 the cylinder would be competent to lift
 it4  ,the piston rod1 rising with this 
immense force carries up the cross head1
 and with the cross head the two side   
rods1 one of which is seen in full1 in  
the engraving1 and is marked ,s4 ,there 
is a side rod on each side of the       
cylinders4 ,the lower ends of these rods
 are firmly connected with the back ends
 of what are called the side levers4    

,one of these side levers is seen in    
full view in the engraving4 ,it is the  
massive flat beam1 marked ,l1 near the  
fore-ground of the view4 ,it turns upon 
an enormous pivot which passes through  
the centre of it1 as seen in the        
drawing1 in such a manner that when the 
cylinder end is drawn up by the lifting 
of the cross head1 the other end is     
borne down to the same extent1 and with 
the same prodigious force4 ,there is    
another side beam1 on the other side of 
the cylinder1 which moves isochronously 
with the one in view4 ,the forward end  
of this other beam may be seen1 though  
the main body of it is concealed from   
view4 ,these two forward ends of the    
levers are connected by a heavy bar1    
called the cross tail1 which passes     
across from one to the other4 ,from the 
centre of this cross tail1 a bar called 
the connecting rod rises to the crank1  
where the force exerted by the steam in 
the cylinders is finally expended in    
turning the great paddle wheels by means

 of the main shaft1 ,s1 which is seen   
resting in the pillow block1 ,p1 above4 
,these are the essential parts of the   
engine1 and we now proceed to consider  
the mode of manufacturing these several 
parts1 somewhat in detail4              
,illustration3 ,,the ,,cutting ,,engine4
  ,the boilers are formed of wrought    
iron4 ,the material is previously rolled
 into plates of the requisite thickness1
 and then the first part of the process 
of forming these plates into a boiler is
 to cut them into proper forms4 ,the    
monster that fulfills the function of   
shears for this purpose1 bears a very   
slight resemblance to any ordinary      
cutting implement ,it resembles1 on the 
other hand1 as represented in the       
adjoining engraving1 an enormous letter 
,u1 standing perpendicularly upon one of
 its edges4 ,through the centre of the  
upper branch of it there passes a shaft 
or axle1 which is turned by the wheels  
and machinery behind it1 and which      
itself works the cutter at the outer end

 of it by means of an eccentric wheel4  
,this cutter may be seen just protruding
 from its place1 upon the plate which   
the workmen are holding underneath4 ,the
 iron plates thus presented are         
sometimes nearly half an inch thick1 but
 the monstrous jaw of the engine1 though
 it glides up and down when there is    
nothing beneath it in the most gentle   
and quiet manner possible1 cuts them    
through1 as if they were plates of wax1 
and apparently without feeling the      
obstruction4  ,illustration3 ,,the      
,,bending ,,and ,,punching ,,engines4   
,the plates1 when cut1 are to be bent to
 the proper curvature4 ,the machine by  
which this bending is effected is seen  
above1 in the back-ground4 ,it consists 
of three rollers1 placed in such a      
position in relation to each other1 that
 the plate1 in being forced through     
between them1 is bent to any required   
curvature4 ,these rollers are made to   
revolve by great wheels at the sides1   
with handles at the circumference of    

them1 which handles act as levers1 and  
are worked by men1 as seen in the       
engraving4  ,the separate plates of     
which a boiler is composed are fastened 
together by means of massive rivets1 and
 it is necessary1 accordingly1 to punch 
rows of holes along the edges of the    
plates for the insertion of the rivets4 
,this process may be seen on the left in
 the above engraving4 ,two men are      
holding the plate which is to be        
punched4 ,the punch is driven through   
the plate by means of the great lever1  
which forms the upper part of the       
engine4 ,the upright part in front is   
driven forward by means of the cam in   
the large wheel behind1 a part of which 
only is seen in the engraving4 ,this cam
 raises the long arm of the lever by    
means of the pulley in the end of it1   
and so drives the point of the punch    
through the plate4 ,there is a support  
for the plate behind it1 between the    
plate and the man1 with a small opening 
in it1 into which the punch enters1     

driving before it the round button of   
iron which it has cut from the plate4   
,on the right1 in the above engraving1  
is a punching engine worked by men1 the 
other being driven by steam power4      
,these machines are sufficient to make  
all the ordinary perforations required  
in boiler-plates4 ,larger holes1 when   
required1 have to be bored by a drill1  
as represented in the following         
engraving4  ,illustration3 ,,the        
,,boring-,,engine4  ,the view below     
represents the interior of one of the   
great boiler rooms where the boilers are
 put together by riveting the plates to 
each other at their edges4 ,some men    
stand inside1 holding heavy sledges     
against the heads of the rivets1 while  
others on the outside1 with other       
sledges1 beat down the part of the iron 
which protrudes1 so as to form another  
head to each rivet1 on the outside4     
,this process can be seen distinctly in 
the boiler nearest to the observer in   
the view below4 ,the planks which are   

seen crossing each other in the open    
end1 are temporary braces1 put in to    
preserve the cylindrical form of the    
mass1 to prevent the iron from bending  
itself by its own weight1 before the    
iron heads are put in4  ,illustration3  
,,riveting ,,the ,,boilers4  ,sometimes 
operations must be performed upon the   
sides of the boiler requiring the force 
of machinery4 ,to effect this purpose1  
shafts carried by the central engine to 
which we have already alluded1 are      
attached to the walls in various parts  
of the room1 as seen in the engraving4  
,connected with these shafts are various
 drilling and boring machines1 which can
 at any time be set in motion1 or put to
 rest1 by being thrown in or out of     
gear4 ,one of these machines is seen on 
the right of the boiler above referred  
to1 and another in the left-hand corner 
of the room quite in the back-ground4   
,near the fore-ground1 on the left1 is  
seen a forge1 where any small mass of   
iron may be heated1 as occasion may     

require4  ,the semi-cylindrical piece   
which lies in the centre of the room1   
toward the fore-ground1 is part of a    
locomotive boiler1 and is of course much
 smaller in size than the others1 though
 it is constructed in the same manner   
with the large boilers used for         
sea-going ships4 ,the process of        
riveting1 as will be seen by the        
engraving1 is the same4 ,one man holds  
up against the under side of the plate a
 support for the rivet1 while two men   
with hammers form a head above--striking
 alternately upon the iron which        
protrudes4  ,from the boiler we proceed 
to the cylinder1 which is in fact the   
heart of the engine1--the seat and      
centre of its power4 ,it is to the      
cylinder that the steam1 quietly        
generated in the boiler1 comes to       
exercise its energy1 by driving1        
alternately up and down1 the ponderous  
piston4 ,the cylinder must be strong so 
as to resist the vast expansive force   
which is exercised within it4 ,it must  

be stiff1 so as to preserve in all      
circumstances its exact form4 ,it must  
be substantial1 so as to allow of being 
turned and polished on its interior     
surface with mathematical precision1 in 
order that the piston in ascending and  
descending1 may glide smoothly up and   
down1 without looseness1 and at the same
 time without friction4 ,to answer these
 conditions it is necessary that it     
should be formed of cast iron4  ,the    
cylinders are cast1 accordingly1 in the 
iron foundry1 which1 as will be seen by 
the plan1 is on the left1 as the visitor
 enters the works4 ,there is a range of 
monstrous cranes extending through the  
interior of the room1 as represented in 
the plan1 one of which is exhibited     
conspicuously in the engraving below4   
,at different places in the ground1     
beneath this foundry1 for it has no     
floor1 there have been excavated deep   
pits1 some of which are twelve feet in  
diameter and eighteen feet deep1 the    
sides of which are secured by strong    

inclosures1 formed of plates of boiler  
iron riveted together4 ,these pits are  
filled with moulding sand--a composition
 of a damp and tenacious character1 used
 in moulding4 ,the mould is made and    
lowered into one of these pits1 the pit 
is filled up1 the sand being rammed as  
hard as possible all around it4 ,when   
all is ready1 the top of the mould1 with
 the cross by which it is to be lifted  
and lowered surmounting it1 presents the
 appearance represented on the right    
hand lower corner of the engraving      
below4  ,illustration3 ,,casting ,a     
,,cylinder4  ,a reservoir to contain the
 melted metal necessary for the casting 
is then placed in a convenient position 
near it1 with a channel or conduit      
leading from it to the mould4 ,this     
reservoir may be seen in the engraving  
near the centre of the view1 at the foot
 of the crane4 ,an inclined plane is    
then laid1 as seen in the engraving1 to 
the left of the reservoir1 up which the 
workmen carry the molten metal in       

ladles1 which1 though they do not appear
 very large1 it requires five men to    
carry4 ,a party carrying such a ladle   
may be seen in the engraving in the     
back-ground on the left4 ,these ladles  
are filled from the various furnaces1   
the iron throwing out an intense heat1  
and projecting the most brilliant       
scintillations in every direction1 as it
 flows4 ,in the case of the largest     
castings it requires sometimes four or  
five hours to get together1 from the    
furnaces1 a sufficient supply of metal4 
,the largest reservoir thus filled will 
hold about thirty tons of iron4         
,illustration3 ,,filling ,,the ,,ladles4
  ,the flowing of the metal from the    
reservoir to the mould in a great       
casting1 forms a magnificent spectacle4 
,the vast mass of molten iron in the    
reservoir1 the stream flowing down the  
conduit1 throwing out the most brilliant
 corruscations1 the gaseous flames      
issuing from the upper portions of the  
mould1 and the currents of melted iron  

which sometimes overflow and spread1    
like mimic streams of lava1 over the    
ground1 present in their combination    
quite an imposing pyrotechnic display4  
,in fact there is a chance for the      
visitor1 in the case of castings of a   
certain kind1 that he may be treated to 
an explosion as a part of the spectacle4
 ,the imprisoned vapors and gases which 
are formed in the mould below1 break out
 sometimes with considerable violence1  
scattering the burning and scintillating
 metal in every direction around4       
,illustration3 ,,the ,,explosion4  ,when
 the casting is completed it is of      
course allowed to remain undisturbed    
until the iron has had time to cool1 and
 then the whole mass is to be dug out of
 the pit in which it is imbedded4 ,so   
much heat1 however1 still remains in the
 iron and in the sand surrounding it1   
that the mould itself and the twenty or 
thirty men engaged in disinterring it1  
are enveloped in dense clouds of vapor  
which rise all around them while the    

operation is proceeding4  ,illustration3
 ,,digging ,,out ,,the ,,cylinder4  ,it 
is necessary that the sand which        
surrounds these moulds should be rammed 
down in the most compact and solid      
manner to sustain the sides of the mould
 and enable them to resist the enormous 
pressure to which it is subject1        
especially in the lower portions1 while 
the iron continues fluid4 ,in the case  
of iron1 the weight of four inches in   
height is equivalent to the pressure of 
a pound upon the square inch4 ,in a pit1
 therefore1 eighteen feet deep1 as some 
of the pits at this foundry are1 we     
should have a pressure at the bottom of 
fifty-four pounds to the inch4 ,now1 in 
the most powerful sea-going steamers1   
the pressure of steam at which the      
engines are worked1 is seldom more than 
eighteen pounds to the inch2 that of the
 ,cunard line is said to be from twelve 
to fifteen1 and that of the ,collins    
line from fifteen to eighteen4 ,in other
 words there is a pressure to be        

resisted at the lower ends of these long
 castings equal to three times that at  
which the most powerful low pressure    
engines are worked1 and which sometimes 
results in such terrific explosions4    
,when the cylinder is freed from the    
pressure of the sand around it1 in its  
bed1 the great iron cross by which the  
mould was lowered into the pit1 as seen 
in the engraving of the ,casting1 is    
once more brought down to its place1 and
 the stirrups at the tops of the iron   
rods seen in the engraving below1 are   
brought over the ends of the arms of the
 cross4 ,the lower ends of these rods   
take hold of a frame or platform below1 
upon which the whole mould1 together    
with the cylinder within it1 is         
supported4 ,the arm of the crane is then
 brought round to the spot4 ,the hook   
pendant from it is attached to the ring 
in the centre of the cross1 and by means
 of the wheels and machinery of the     
crane1 the whole is slowly hoisted out1 
and then swung round to some convenient 

level1 where the ponderous mass is freed
 from its casing of masonry1 and brought
 out at last to open day4 ,it is then   
thoroughly examined with a view to the  
discovery of any latent flaw or         
imperfection1 and1 if found complete in 
every part1 is conveyed away to be the  
subject of a long series of finishing   
operations in another place1--operations
 many and complicated1 but all essential
 to enable it finally to fulfill its    
functions4  ,these cylinders though very
 massive and ponderous are not the      
heaviest castings made4 ,they are much  
exceeded in weight by what is called a  
bed plate1 which is an enormous frame of
 iron cast in one mass1 or else in two  
or three separate masses and then       
strongly bolted together1 to form a     
foundation on which the engine is to    
rest in the hold of the ship4 ,the bed  
plate can not be seen in the view of the
 engine room already given1 as it lies  
below the floor1 being underneath all   
the machinery4 ,a bed plate weighs      

sometimes thirty-five tons--which is the
 weight of about five hundred men4 ,such
 a mass as this has to be transported on
 ways1 like those used in the launching 
of a ship4 ,it is drawn along upon these
 ways by blocks and pullies1 and when   
brought alongside the ship is hoisted on
 board by means of an enormous derrick1 
and let down slowly to the bottom of the
 hold--the place where it is finally to 
repose1 unless perchance it should at   
last be liberated by some disaster1 from
 this dungeon1 and sent to seek its     
ultimate destination in the bottom of   
the sea4  ,the engraving below          
represents the forges1 where all those  
parts of the machinery are formed and   
fitted which consist of wrought iron4   
,the room in which these forges are     
situated is called the smith's shop1 in 
the plan4 ,in the back-ground1 a little 
to the right1 is one of the trip        
hammers1 in the act of striking4 ,the   
trip-hammer is a massive hammer carried 
by machinery4 ,the machinery which      

drives it may at any time be thrown in  
or out of gear1 so that the blows of the
 hammer are always under the control of 
the workman4 ,the iron bar to be forged 
is far too heavy to be held by hand4 ,it
 is accordingly supported as seen in the
 engraving1 by a crane2 and only guided 
to its place upon the anvil by the      
workmen who have hold of it4 ,the chain 
to which this bar is suspended comes    
down from a little truck which rests    
upon the top of the crane1 and which may
 be made to traverse to and fro1 thus   
carrying whatever is suspended from it  
further outward1 or drawing it in1 as   
may be required4 ,all the cranes1 both  
in the smith's shop and in the foundry1 
are fitted with the same contrivance4   
,these trucks are moved by means of a   
wheel at the foot of the crane4         
,illustration3 ,,the ,,forges4  ,on the 
extreme right of the picture1 and       
somewhat in the distance1 may be seen   
another trip-hammer with a bar upon the 
anvil beneath it1 this bar being        

suspended likewise from a crane4 ,when  
the iron becomes too cold to yield any  
longer to the percussion1 the hammer is 
stopped1 the crane is swung round1 and  
the iron is replaced in the forge to be 
heated anew2 and at length1 when heated1
 it is brought back again under the     
hammer as before4  ,the forging of      
shafts requires heavier machinery even  
than this4 ,the enormous mass of iron   
that is in this case to be forged1 is   
bricked up in a furnace to be heated1   
and remains there many hours4 ,the      
masonry is then broken away and the red 
hot beam is swung round under the       
hammer1 as seen below4 ,it is suspended 
from the crane by heavy chains1 and is  
guided by the workmen by means of iron  
handles clamped to it at a distance from
 the heated part1 as seen in the        
engraving in the adjoining column4 ,the 
hammer is lifted by means of the cam    
below it1 as seen in the engraving      
below4 ,this cam is a projection from an
 axis revolving beneath the floor1 and  

which1 as it revolves1 carries the cams 
successively against a projection upon  
the under side of the hammer1 which is  
partly concealed in the engraving by the
 figure of the man4 ,when the point of  
the cam has passed beyond the projection
 it allows the hammer to fall4          
,illustration3 ,,heating ,a ,,shaft4    
,illustration3 ,,forging ,a ,,shaft4    
,while the process of forging such a    
shaft is going on1 one man throws water 
upon the work1 to effect some purpose   
connected with the scaling of the iron1 
while another1 with an instrument called
 the callipers1 measures the diameter of
 the shaft1 to regulate the size1 as the
 forging proceeds4  ,illustration3 ,,the
 ,,lathes4  ,the shafts1 when forged1   
are to be turned in a lathe1 and the    
engine used for this purpose is         
represented on the left in the engraving
 below4 ,the shaft itself is seen in the
 lathe1 while the tool which cuts it as 
it revolves1 is fixed firmly in the     
rest1 which slides along the side4 ,the 

point of the tool is seen in the        
engraving1 with the spiral shaving which
 it cuts falling down from it4 ,the     
shaft is made to revolve by the band    
seen coming down obliquely from above1  
at the hither end of the engine4 ,the   
wheel by which the band turns the lathe 
has different grooves at different      
distances from the centre1 in order that
 the workmen may regulate the velocity  
of the rotation--as different degrees of
 velocity are required for the different
 species of work4 ,the rest1 to which   
the cutting tool is attached1 is brought
 slowly along the side of the shaft as  
the shaft revolves1 by means of a long  
screw which is concealed in the frame of
 the lathe1 and which is turned         
continually by the mechanism of the     
small wheels which are seen at the      
hither end of the engine4  ,on the right
 hand of this view is represented       
another kind of lathe called a face     
lathe1 which is employed for turning    
wheels1 and flat plates1 and interiors  

of cavities1 and such other pieces of   
work as do not furnish two opposite     
points of support4 ,in the fore-ground  
are a company of men drawing a massive  
piece of iron upon a truck1 destined    
apparently to be turned in the left hand
 lathe4  ,illustration3 ,,finishing4    
,although thus a great part of the work 
in respect to all the details of the    
engine1 is performed by machinery1 much 
remains after all to be wrought and     
fashioned by hand4 ,in passing through  
the establishment the visitor finds the 
workmen engaged in these labors1 in     
every conceivable attitude and position4
 ,one man is filing a curved surface    
with a curved file1 another is hidden   
almost wholly from view within a great  
misshapen box of iron3 a third is       
mounted upon a ladder1 and is slowly    
boring through the wall of some         
monstrous formation1 or cutting away    
excrescences of iron from some massive  
casting with a cold chisel4 ,in a word1 
the details are so endlessly varied as  

to excite the wonder of the beholder    
that any human head should have been    
capable of containing them all1 so as to
 have planned and arranged the fitting  
of such complicated parts with any hope 
of their ever coming rightly together4  
,they do come together1 however1 at     
last1 and then follows the excitement of
 the trial4 ,there is nothing more      
striking in the history of the          
construction of a steam engine than     
this1 that there can be no partial or   
private tests of the work by the workmen
 in the course of its progress--but     
every thing remains in suspense until   
all is complete1 and the ship and the   
machinery are actually ready for sea4   
,the immense and ponderous masses which 
constitute the elements of the mighty   
structure are hoisted slowly on board   
and let down into their places4         
,multitudes of men are incessantly      
employed for many weeks in arranging the
 limbs and members of the monster1 and  
in screwing and bolting every thing into

 its place4 ,still nothing can be tried4
 ,the machinery is too ponderous and    
massive to be put in action by any power
 less than that of the mighty mover on  
which its ultimate performance is to    
depend2 and this mover has not yet been 
called into being4  ,at length the day  
of trial arrives4 ,the engineers1 the   
workmen1 the owners1 and perhaps many   
spectators1 have assembled to watch the 
result4 ,the boiler is filled2 the fires
 are lighted4 ,hour after hour the      
process goes on of raising the force and
 pressure of the steam4 ,all this time1 
however1 the machinery lies inert and   
lifeless4 ,it is a powerless mass of    
dead and heavy brass and iron4 ,at      
length an engineer1 standing upon a     
platform1 with a lever in his hand1     
receives the signal1 opens the valve1   
and breathes into the monstrous body the
 breath of life4 ,the ponderous piston  
slowly rises2 the beam descends2 the    
crank turns2 the vast paddles revolve1  
and the monster walks away through the  

water with its enormous burden1 having  
leaped suddenly1 at its first breath1   
into the complete and full possession of
 its gigantic powers4  ,illustration3   
,,departure ,,of ,,the ,,pacific ,,for  
,,europe4  ,in due time the equipment is
 complete1 and the ship having received 
on board its burden of costly cargo and 
valuable lives1 moves away from the     
shore1 with a certain expression of calm
 and quiet dignity in her appearance and
 demeanor1 which almost seems to denote 
a consciousness on her part of the vast 
responsibilities which she is assuming1 
and of the abundant power which she     
possesses fully to sustain them all4    
,,charles ,,wolfe4   ,it is probable    
that to many of our readers the name    
which stands at the head of this sketch 
is unknown1 and that those who recognize
 it will only know it as that of the    
author of the well-known lines upon the 
death of ,sir ,john ,moore--a lyric of  
such surpassing beauty1 that so high a  
judge as ,lord ,byron considered it the 

perfection of ,english lyrical poetry1  
preferring it before ,coleridge's lines 
on ,switzerland--,campbell's            
,hohenlinden--and the finest of ,moore's
 ,irish melodies1 which were instanced  
by ,shelley and others4 ,yet1 unknown as
 the ,rev4 ,charles ,wolfe is1 it is    
unquestionable that he was a man        
possessing the highest powers of        
imagination1 and a powerful intellect1  
cultivated to a very high point of      
perfection1 and fitting him to become   
one of the brightest stars of the world 
of literature4 ,why he is unknown is    
then probably a question which will     
suggest itself to the minds of many1 and
 the answer must be1 because he did so  
little for the world to remember him by4
 ,the whole of his literary remains1    
including his sermons1 and a            
biographical sketch1 which fills one    
half of the book1 is contained in a     
moderate sized octavo volume1 published 
after his death by the ,rev4 ,j4 ,a4    
,russell1 ,archdeacon of ,clogher1 whose

 affection for the memory of ,mr4 ,wolfe
 prompted him to edit and give to the   
world the fragmentary manuscripts1 which
 are the only lasting and appreciable   
records of the residence of a great     
spirit among us4 ,but it may be asked   
why1 with such capabilities and powers  
as we have stated ,mr4 ,wolfe to        
possess1 he did so little8 and to that  
interrogation many replies may be given4
 ,mr4 ,wolfe died at the early age of   
#cb1 just when the powers are in their  
full vigor--and in the later years of   
his life he had devoted himself         
enthusiastically to the duties which    
devolved upon him as the curate of a    
large and populous parish in the north  
of ,ireland4 ,neither of these reasons1 
however1 is sufficient1 for we know that
 the poetic intellect is precocious1 and
 brings forth fruit early4 ,shelley1 who
 died younger1 left productions behind  
him1 which will hand his name down to   
the latest posterity2 and the           
comparatively voluminous writings of the

 witty dean1 ,sidney ,smith1 prove that 
a man may bear the weight of the        
clerical office1 and take an active part
 in politics in addition1 and yet leave 
enough behind him to keep his name green
 in the memory of the world4  ,the true 
reason why ,mr4 ,wolfe did so little is 
no doubt to be found in the character of
 his mind1 and this is easily traceable1
 both in the mild1 child-like1 almost   
simple1 but intelligent expression of   
the portrait which forms a frontispiece 
to the volume to which we have adverted1
 and in most of the passages of his     
life4 ,there was a want of strong       
resolution1 and an absence of           
concentration so marked1 that he seldom 
read completely through even those books
 which most deeply interested him--there
 was a nervous susceptibility1 and an   
openness to new impressions1 which      
caused him as it were to dwell upon     
every passage he did read1 to linger    
over its beauties1 to start objections  
to its theories1 to argue them out1 and 

to develop to its fullest every         
suggestive thought2 and there was in him
 a spirit of good-nature trenching upon 
weak compliance1 which put his time at  
the service of all who chose to thrust  
employment upon him4 ,added to this1 and
 arising out of his want of steady      
resolution and earnest will1 there was a
 habit of putting off till to-morrow    
what should be done to-day1 of which he 
was himself fully sensible1 and which he
 speaks of in one of his letters1 as    
that fatal habit of delay and           
procrastination1 for which ,i am so     
pre-eminently distinguished4  ,charles  
,wolfe was the youngest son of ,theobald
 ,wolfe1 ,esq41 of ,blackball1 in the   
,county of ,kildare1 ,ireland1 and was  
born in ,dublin on the #acth of         
,december1 #agia4 ,the family was not   
unknown to fame1 for the celebrated     
,general ,wolfe1 who fell at ,quebec1   
was one of its members1 and ,lord       
,kilwarden1 an eminent man at the ,irish
 bar1 and who was afterward elevated to 

the dignity of a judgeship1 was another4
 ,at an early age the father of our hero
 died1 and the family removed to        
,england1 where ,charles ,wolfe was sent
 to a school at ,bath4 ,here1 however1  
at the age of ten years1 his studies    
were interrupted by failing health for a
 period of twelve months4 ,after that1  
he was in the establishment of ,dr4     
,evans1 of ,salisbury2 and in #ahje we  
find him at ,winchester school1 under   
the superintendence of ,mr4 ,richards1  
senior4 ,here he became conspicuous for 
his classical knowledge1 and his great  
powers of versification1 which gave     
promise of future excellence4 ,what     
appears more distinctly1 though1 than   
his mental ability at this age1 was the 
amiability of his disposition1 and the  
tractability of his nature4 ,his        
kindness1 cheerfulness1 and open        
sympathy drew to him the love of his    
fellows2 and the esteem in which he was 
held by his masters may be judged from  
the fact1 that during the whole period  

of his pupilage his conduct never drew  
down upon him punishment1 or even a     
reprimand4 ,his tender and affectionate 
disposition endeared him to his own     
family1 with whom he was an especial    
favorite2 and in connection with this1  
we may mention one circumstance strongly
 indicative of his yielding character4  
,in spite of his gentle nature1 he1     
animated no doubt by that desire for    
glory so common to poetical minds1 and  
which1 looking on the brighter side of  
war1 hides its terrors and its horrors  
from the young and ardent1 wished to    
enter the army2 but finding that the    
idea gave pain to his mother1 he        
immediately abandoned the notion1 and   
appears from thenceforth to have looked 
upon the clerical office as his destined
 part in life4 ,strange transition1 from
 the aspiration to carry forth death and
 destruction to that of being the bearer
 of the glad tidings of peace on earth1 
and good-will toward men4 ,the change1  
however1 is one which we believe to be  

not unfrequent4 ,the same desire for    
fame urges men to the bar1 the pulpit1  
and the tented field1 and but for       
maternal love1 ,charles ,wolfe1 carrying
 with him that martial spirit which now 
and then breaks out in his poetry1 might
 have been like his namesake1 the       
,general1 a blood-stained hero1 instead 
of a peaceful1 loving ,irish curate4 ,so
 powerful are circumstances to mould    
man's fate--and ,wolfe was of that mould
 on which circumstances act with        
peculiar force4 ,had he been a soldier1 
it may be that the occupation would have
 strengthened his physique at the       
expense of his mentality1 and that his  
bodily powers1 unimpaired by sedentary  
habits1 would have carried him on to a  
good old age4 ,there is food for        
reflection in that idea1 of how every   
course in life has its mixed good and   
evil4  ,in #ahjh the family returned to 
,ireland1 and in #ahji ,charles ,wolfe  
became a student of ,dublin ,university4
 ,here his classical learning and       

poetical attainments soon made him      
conspicuous1 and he carried off prizes  
from the most distinguished of his      
competitors4 ,the ,historical ,society  
of the ,university1 the object of which 
was the cultivation of history1 poetry1 
and oratory1 also afforded him scope for
 the display of his talents1 and gave   
him opportunity to win several medals   
and prizes4 ,most of the few poetical   
efforts of ,mr4 ,wolfe were made at this
 period1 including the ,death of ,sir   
,john ,moore1 and a beautiful song1     
connected with which is an anecdote so  
strikingly characteristic of the nature 
of the author's mind1 and so indicative 
of his extreme sensibility1 that it is  
worth notice4  ,he was particularly open
 to the influence of music1 and one of  
his favorite melodies was the popular   
,irish air ,gramachree1 to which1 at the
 request of a friend1 he wrote the      
following song3      ,if ,i had thought 
thou could'st have died1       ,i might 
not weep for thee3     ,but ,i forgot1  

when by thy side1       ,that thou      
could'st mortal be3     ,it never       
through my mind had pass'd1       ,the  
time would e'er be o'er1     ,and ,i on 
thee should look my last1       ,and    
thou should'st smile no more6      ,and 
still upon that face ,i look1       ,and
 think 'twill smile again2     ,and     
still the thought ,i will not brook1    
,that ,i must look in vain6     ,but    
when ,i speak thou dost not say1        
,what thou ne'er left'st unsaid2        
,and now ,i feel1 as well ,i may1       
,sweet ,mary6 thou art dead6      ,if   
thou would'st stay1 e'en as thou art1   
,all cold1 and all serene--     ,i still
 might press thy silent heart1          
,and where thy smiles have been6        
,while e'en thy chill1 bleak corse ,i   
have1       ,thou seemest still mine    
own2     ,but there ,i lay thee in thy  
grave--       ,and ,i am now alone4     
,i do not think1 where'er thou art1     
,thou hast forgotten me2     ,and ,i1   
perhaps1 may soothe this heart1         

,in thinking too of thee3     ,yet there
 was round thee such a dawn       ,of   
light ne'er seen before1     ,as fancy  
never could have drawn1       ,and never
 can restore4  ,his friends asked him   
whether he had any real incident in his 
mind which suggested the stanzas2 he    
said1 he had not2 but that he had sung  
the air over and over1 till he burst    
into a flood of tears1 in which mood he 
composed the words4  ,in the first year 
of ,mr4 ,wolfe's attendance at the      
university1 death took his mother1 to   
whom he was most affectionately         
attached--an event which for some time  
interrupted his studies1 and when he    
resumed them1 he did not manifest much  
inclination to apply himself to the     
exact sciences4 ,here1 however1 that    
kindness of disposition which made him  
more useful to others than to himself1  
and induced him to neglect his own      
interests1 and lend himself to those of 
his friends with an almost fatal        
facility1 came to his aid1 and stood him

 in good stead4 ,the desire to assist a 
less gifted acquaintance impelled him to
 study more strenuously than he would   
have done1 for his own benefit1 and had 
the effect of so drawing out his own    
talents for scientific pursuits1 that at
 an examination upon the severer        
sciences he carried away the prize from 
a host of talented candidates4 ,soon    
after1 when his straitened circumstances
 induced him to become a college tutor1 
he found the benefit of his scientific  
acquirements2 but in that capacity his  
amiability of character was a           
disadvantage to him1 for he was so      
anxious for the progress of his pupils1 
and so prodigal of his time and labor   
upon them1 that he had but little       
opportunity for his own studies1 or for 
relaxation4  ,after the usual period at 
the university1 ,mr4 ,wolfe took a      
scholarship1 with the highest honors1   
and went into residence1 and in #ahad he
 took the degree of ,bachelor of ,arts4 
,his friends1 seeing the talents he     

evinced for scientific pursuits1 urged  
him to read for a fellowship1 and for   
some time he prosecuted his studies with
 marked effect2 but the want of the     
power of continuous application1 and    
intense concentration1 made him the     
sport of every trifling interruption1   
and the habit he had of throwing aside  
books partly read1 and dwelling upon    
striking passages and disputable        
theories1 impeded his progress4 ,it is  
probable1 however1 that with his great  
mental facilities1 a less amount of     
exertion would have sufficed than with  
less gifted students1 and that despite  
his want of industrial energy1 and his  
unfavorable habits of mind1 he would    
have succeeded1 but he was doomed to be 
disappointed in a manner which must have
 had a very depressing effect on a mind 
constituted as his was4 ,he had formed  
an intimacy with a family in the        
vicinity of ,dublin1 and while his      
visits to the beautiful scenery in which
 their dwelling was situated1 stimulated

 his poetical faculties1 the charms of a
 daughter of the house touched the      
sensitive heart of the young scholar4   
,the attachment was mutual1 and ripened 
apace1 but his want of prospects induced
 the prudent parents to break off the   
intimacy4 ,the expectant fellowship     
indeed would have afforded him          
sufficient means1 but a barbarous       
statute was in force which imposed      
celibacy upon the fellows1 and barred   
his hopes4 ,if this disappointment had  
happened to a man of strong resolute    
will it would1 in all likelihood1 after 
the first shock was over1 have thrown   
him back upon his studies more          
determinedly than ever1 but on a nature 
like that of our hero1 it had the       
contrary effect4 ,it damped his ardor1  
he lost both his mistress and the chance
 of preferment2 and1 turning to religion
 for consolation1 he was ordained in    
,november1 #ahag1 and shortly after was 
engaged in temporary duty in the ,north 
of ,ireland1 and finally settled as     

curate of ,donoughmore1 where he        
continued the greater part of the       
remainder of his life4  ,for the        
occupation of the ministry1 ,mr4 ,wolfe1
 notwithstanding his youthful military  
tendency and love of society1 was       
eminently fitted4 ,his mind was         
naturally of a devotional cast1 and     
fitted peculiarly for his new position4 
,he was thoroughly in earnest--the      
strong impulse supplied by intense      
devotional feeling served to counteract 
his want of application4 ,the kindness  
of his heart1 and the desire to serve   
others1 which was so prominent a feature
 of his mind1 made him untiring2 the    
dislike of contest which marked him led 
him to dwell on the vital points common 
to all religions1 and avoid             
controversial ground4 ,that want of     
self-esteem1 too1 which at the          
university had ever made him distrustful
 of his own powers1 and kept him from   
claiming the stanzas on ,sir ,john      
,moore1 when they were claimed by1 or   

attributed to others1 induced him to    
converse familiarly with the peasant1   
and to submit to contradiction and even 
insult from those who1 both socially and
 intellectually1 were inferior to       
himself4 ,add to this1 that he          
thoroughly understood the ,irish        
character1 which had many points in     
common with his own impulsive versatile 
nature1 and it may be conceived how     
influential he was in his remote curacy4
 ,presbyterian1 ,methodist1 ,catholic1  
all gathered round him and often filled 
his little church1 listening to his     
concise1 plain-spoken sermons1 which far
 oftener treated of the hopes and       
mercies than the terrors and punishments
 of ,christianity1 and in his parish    
school the children of all denominations
 were taught together4 ,this1 however1  
was not to last long4 ,he had applied   
himself too assiduously to his task for 
his physical strength4 ,oppressed with a
 sense of the responsibility of his     
position he had1 upon entering upon the 

ministry1 given up all thoughts of      
literature4 ,he lived in an old1        
half-furnished house1 slept in a damp   
room1 and traversed bog and moor on foot
 in all weathers to visit his flock4    
,under these labors the latent tendency 
of his constitution developed itself1   
his cough became day by day more        
violent1 and in #ahba it was evident    
that consumption had laid its hand upon 
its prey4 ,still he was unwilling to    
retire from his ministry1 and it was    
only in compliance with the reiterated  
entreaties of his friends that he at    
last proceeded to ,scotland to consult a
 celebrated physician4 ,his return to   
his parish after that short absence     
proved the estimation in which he was   
held among the people4 ,as he rode by   
the cabins of the peasantry1 the        
occupants rushed out1 and1 with all the 
impulsive devotion of the ,irish toward 
those whom they regard as benefactors1  
fell upon their knees1 and invoked      
blessings upon him1 and pursued the     

carriage in which he rode1 with fervent 
prayers4 ,his health1 however1 still    
continued to fail1 and his friends at   
length persuaded him to remove to       
,dublin1 where he continued to preach   
occasionally1 till his physician forbade
 such effort1 and to use his own words1 
stripped him of his gown4 ,toward the   
winter of #ahba1 it was thought         
advisable to remove him to ,bordeaux for
 a time1 but adverse gales twice drove  
him back to ,holyhead1 and he suffered  
so much from fatigue and sea-sickness   
that it appeared best to locate him near
 ,exeter1 where he staid till the spring
 of #ahbb1 in the house of a clergyman1 
whose practice among the poor had       
qualified him to act the part of a      
physician to the invalid4 ,in the       
spring1 apparently somewhat improved1 he
 returned to ,dublin1 and in the summer 
made a short voyage to ,bordeaux1 where 
he staid about a month4 ,he then again  
returned to ,dublin1 and from that time 
steadily declined4 ,in ,november1 #ahbb1

 accompanied by a relative and the ,rev4
 ,mr4 ,russell1 his biographer1 he      
removed to the ,cove of ,cork1 but all  
efforts to recruit his failing strength 
were unavailing1 and he expired there on
 the #bast of ,february1 #ahbc1 in the  
#cb;d year of his age4 ,about a         
twelvemonth previous to his death1 he   
had been preferred to the important     
curacy of ,armagh1 but he never lived to
 visit his new parish4 ,all the letters 
written during his protracted illness   
prove his amiability1 and the patience  
with which he suffered1 as well as the  
ardor of the ,christian faith on which  
he so confidently leaned1 and few men   
were more sincerely mourned by a large  
number of devoted and admiring friends4 
,charles ,wolfe was one of those        
characters eminently fitted to make good
 men1 but destitute of some of the      
qualities for what the world calls      
greatness4 ,he was a high type of that  
class who form the cynosure of their own
 peculiar circles1 where they are       

admired as much for the kindliness of   
their nature as the extent of their     
attainments1 and the power and          
versatility of their talents4 ,but      
wanting the self-esteem1 the unwavering 
self-confidence1 the perseverance and   
unshaken resolution which go to make up 
greatness1 he possessed in an eminent   
degree those kindly sympathies1 tender  
feelings1 and that earnest devotion to  
the interests and wishes of his fellows1
 which among friends and intimates make 
goodness so much more lovable than      
greatness4     ,,maurice ,,tiernay1     
,,the ,,soldier ,,of ,,fortune4         
7,continued from ,page #dgh47           
,,chapter ,,xxvi4  ,a ,,remnant ,,of    
,,fontenoy4  ,there was no resisting the
 inquisitive curiosity of my companion4 
,the short1 dry cough1 the little husky 
ay1 that sounded like any thing rather  
than assent1 which followed on my       
replies to his questions1 and1 more than
 all1 the keen1 oblique glances of his  
shrewd gray eyes1 told me that ,i had   

utterly failed in all my attempts at    
mystification1 and that he read me      
through and through4  ,and so1 said he1 
at last1 after a somewhat lengthy       
narrative of my shipwreck1 and so the   
,flemish sailors wear spurs8  ,spurs6 of
 course not2 why should they8 asked ,i1 
in some astonishment4  ,well1 but don't 
they8 asked he again4  ,no such thing2  
it would be absurd to suppose it4  ,so  
,i thought1 rejoined he2 and when ,i    
looked at yer 'honor's' boots 7it was   
the first time he had addressed me by   
this title of deference71 and saw the   
marks on the heel for spurs1 ,i soon    
knew how much of a sailor you were4     
,and if not a sailor1 what am ,i1 then8 
asked ,i2 for1 in the loneliness of the 
mountain region where we walked1 ,i     
could afford to throw off my disguise   
without risk4  ,ye'r a ,french officer  
of dragoons1 and ,god bless ye2 but ye'r
 young to be at the trade4 ,arn't ,i    
right now8  ,not very far from it       
certainly1 for ,i am a lieutenant of    

hussars1 said ,i1 with a little of that 
pride which we of the loose pelisse     
always feel on the mention of our corps4
  ,i knew it well all along1 said he1   
coolly2 the way you stood in the room1  
your step as you walked1 and1 above all1
 how ye believed me when ,i spoke of the
 spring tides1 and the moon only in her 
second quarter1 ,i saw you never was a  
sailor anyhow4 ,and so ,i set a-thinking
 what you were4 ,you were too silent for
 a peddler1 and your hands were too     
white to be in the smuggling trade2 but 
when ,i saw your boots1 ,i had the      
secret at once1 and knew ye were one of 
the ,french army that landed the other  
day at ,killala4  ,it was stupid enough 
of me not to have remembered the boots6 
said ,i1 laughing4  ,arrah1 what use    
would it be8 replied he2 sure ye'r too  
straight in the back1 and your walk is  
too reg'lar1 and your toes turns in too 
much1 for a sailor2 the very way you    
hould a switch in your hand would betray
 you6  ,so it seems2 then ,i must try   

some other disguise1 said ,i1 if ,i'm to
 keep company with people as shrewd as  
you are4  ,you needn't1 said he1 shaking
 his head1 doubtfully2 any that wants to
 betray ye1 wouldn't find it hard4  ,i  
was not much flattered by the           
depreciating tone in which he dismissed 
my efforts at personation1 and walked on
 for some time without speaking4  ,yez  
came too late1 four months too late1    
said he1 with a sorrowful gesture of the
 hands4 ,when the ,wexford boys was up1 
and the ,kildare chaps1 and plenty more 
ready to come in from the ,north1 then1 
indeed1 a few thousand ,french down here
 in the ,west would have made a differ2 
but what's the good in it now8 ,the best
 men we had are hanged1 or in jail2 some
 are frightened2 more are traitors6     
',tis too late--too late6  ,but not too 
late for a large force1 landing in the  
,north1 to rouse the island to another  
effort for liberty4  ,who would be the  
gin'ral8 asked he1 suddenly4  ,napper   
,tandy1 your own countryman1 replied ,i1

 proudly4  ,i wish ye luck of him6 said 
he1 with a bitter laugh2 'tis more like 
mocking us than any thing else the      
,french does be1 with the chaps they    
sent here to be gin'rals4 ,sure it isn't
 ,napper ,tandy1 nor a set of young     
lawyers1 like ,tone and the rest of     
them1 we wanted4 ,it was men that knew  
how to drill and manage troops--fellows 
that was used to fightin'2 so that when 
they said a thing1 we might believe that
 they understhood it1 at laste4 ,i'm    
ould enough to remimber the ',wild      
,geese1' as they used to call them--the 
fellows that ran away from this to take 
sarvice in ,france2 and ,i remimber1    
too1 the sort of men the ,french were   
that came over to inspect               
them--soldiers1 real soldiers1 every    
inch of them3 and a fine sarvice it was4
 ,volle-face6 cried he1 holding himself 
erect1 and shouldering his stick like a 
musket2 marche6 ,ha1 ha6 ye didn't think
 that was in me2 but ,i was at the      
thrade long before you were born4  ,how 

is this1 said ,i1 in amazement1 you were
 not in the ,french army8  ,wasn't ,i1  
though8 maybe ,i didn't get that stick  
there4 ,and he bared his breast as he   
spoke1 to show the cicatrix of an old   
flesh-wound from a ,highlander's        
bayonet4 ,i was at ,fontenoy6  ,the last
 few words he uttered1 with a triumphant
 pride1 that ,i shall never forget4 ,as 
for me1 the mere name was magical4      
,fontenoy was like one of those great   
words which light up a whole page of    
history2 and it almost seemed impossible
 that ,i should see before me a soldier 
of that glorious battle4  ,ay1 faith6 he
 added1 'tis more than fifty1 'tis nigh 
sixty years now since that1 and ,i      
remember it as if it was yesterday4 ,i  
was in the regiment ',tourville2' ,i was
 recruited for the ',wellon1' but they  
scattered us about among the other corps
 afterward1 because we used now and then
 to be fighting and quarrelin' among one
 an' other4 ,well1 it was the ,wellons  
that gained the battle2 for after the   

,english was in the village of          
,fontenoy1 and the ,french was falling  
back upon the heights near the          
wood--arrah1 what's the name of the     
wood8--sure ,i'll forget my own name    
next4 ,ay1 to be sure1 ,verzon--the     
'wood of ,verzon4' ,major               
,jodillon--that's what the ,french      
called him1 but his name was ,joe       
,wellon--turned an eight-pounder short  
round into a little yard of a           
farm-house1 and1 making a breach for the
 gun1 he opened a dreadful fire on the  
,english column4 ,it was loaded with    
grape1 and at half-musket range1 so you 
may think what a peppering they got4 ,at
 last the column halted1 and lay down2  
and ,joe seen an officer ride off to the
 rear1 to bring up artillery to silence 
our guns4 ,a few minutes more1 and it   
would be all over with us4 ,so ,joe     
shouts out as loud as he could1         
',cavalry there6 tell off by threes1 and
 prepare to charge6' ,i needn't tell you
 that the devil a horse nor a rider was 

within a mile of us at the time2 but the
 ,english didn't know that2 and1 hearin'
 the order1 up they jumps1 and we heerd 
the word passin'1 ',prepare to receive  
cavalry6' ,they formed square at once1  
and the same minute we plumped into them
 with such a charge as tore a lane right
 through the middle of them4 ,before    
they could recover1 we opened a platoon 
fire on their flank2 they staggered1    
broke1 and at last fell back in disorder
 upon ,aeth1 with the whole of the      
,french army after them4 ,such          
firin'--grape1 round-shot1 and          
musketry--,i never seed afore1 and we   
all shouting like divils1 for it was    
more like a hunt nor any thing else2 for
 ye see the ,dutch never came up1 but   
left the ,english to do all the work    
themselves1 and that's the reason they  
couldn't form1 for they had no          
supportin' colum'4  ,it was then ,i got 
that stick of the bayonet1 for there was
 such runnin' that we only thought of   
pelting after them as hard as we could2 

but ye see1 there's nothin' so          
treacherous as a ,highlander4 ,i was    
just behind one1 and had my sword-point 
between his blade-hones1 ready to run   
him through1 when he turned short about1
 and run his bayonet into me under the  
short ribs1 and that was all ,i saw of  
the battle2 for ,i bled till ,i fainted1
 and never knew more of what happened4  
',tisn't by way of making little of     
,frenchmen ,i say it1 for ,i sarved too 
long wid them for that--but sorra taste 
of that victory ever they'd see if it   
wasn't for the ,wellons1 and ,major ,joe
 that commanded them6 ,the ,english     
knows it well1 too6 ,maybe they don't do
 us many a spite for it to this very    
day6  ,and what became of you after     
that8  ,the same summer ,i came over to 
,scotland with the young ,prince        
,charles1 and was at the battle of      
,preston-pans afterward2 and1 what's    
worse1 ,i was at ,culloden6 ,oh1 that   
was the terrible day6 ,we were dead bate
 before we began the battle4 ,we were on

 the march from one o'clock the night   
before1 under the most dreadful rain    
ever ye seen6 ,we lost our way twice2   
and1 after four hours of hard marching1 
we found ourselves opposite a mill-dam  
we crossed early that same morning2 for 
the guides led us all astray6 ,then came
 ordhers to wheel about face1 and go    
back again2 and back we went1 cursing   
the blaguards that deceived us1 and     
almost faintin' with hunger4 ,some of us
 had nothing to eat for two days1 and   
the ,prince1 ,i seen myself1 had only a 
brown bannock to a wooden measure of    
whiskey for his own breakfast4 ,well1   
it's no use talking1 we were bate1 and  
we retreated to ,inverness that night1  
and next morning we surrendered and laid
 down our arms--that is1 the ',regiment 
du ,tournay1' and the ',voltigeurs de   
,metz1' the corps ,i was in myself4     
,and did you return to ,france8  ,no2 ,i
 made my way back to ,ireland1 and after
 loiterin' about home some time1 and not
 liking the ways of turning to work     

again1 ,i took sarvice with one ,mister 
,brooke1 of ,castle ,brooke1 in         
,fermanagh1 a young man that was just   
come of age1 and as great a devil1 ,god 
forgive me1 as ever was spawned4 ,he was
 a ,protestant1 but he didn't care much 
about one side or the other1 but only   
wanted divarsion and his own fun out of 
the world2 and faix he took it1 too6 ,he
 had plenty of money1 was a fine man to 
look at1 and had courage to face a lion6
  ,the first place we went to was       
,aix-la-,chapelle1 for ,mr4 ,brooke was 
named something--,i forget what--to     
,lord ,sandwich1 that was going there as
 an embassador4 ,it was a grand life    
there while it lasted4 ,such liveries1  
such coaches1 such elegant dinners every
 day1 ,i never saw even in ,paris4 ,but 
my master was soon sent away for a piece
 of wildness he did4 ,there was an ould 
,austrian there--a ,count ,riedensegg   
was his name--and he was always plottin'
 and schamin' with this1 that1 and the  
other2 buyin' up the sacrets of others1 

and gettin' at their sacret papers one  
way or the other2 and at last he begins 
to thry the same game with us2 and as he
 saw that ,mr4 ,brooke was very fond of 
high play1 and would bet any thing one  
offered him1 the ould ,count sends for a
 great gambler from ,vienna1 the        
greatest villain1 they say1 that ever   
touched a card4 ,ye may have heerd of   
him1 tho' 'twas long ago that he lived1 
for he was well known in them times4 ,he
 was the ,baron von ,breckendorf1 and a 
great friend afterward of the ,prince   
,ragint and all the other blaguards in  
,london4  ,well1 sir1 the baron arrives 
in great state1 with dispatches1 they   
said1 but sorrow other dispatch he      
carried nor some packs of marked cards1 
and a dice-box that could throw sixes   
whenever ye wanted2 and he puts up at   
the ,grand ,hotel1 with all his servants
 in fine liveries1 and as much state as 
a prince4 ,that very day ,mr4 ,brooke   
dined with the count1 and in the evening
 himself and the baron sits down to the 

cards2 and1 pretending to be only       
playin' for silver1 they were betting a 
hundred guineas on every game4  ,i      
always heerd that my master was cute    
with the cards1 and that few was equal  
to him in any game with pasteboard or   
ivory2 but1 be my conscience1 he met his
 match now1 for if it was ould ,nick was
 playin' he couldn't do the thrick nater
 nor the baron4 ,he made every thing    
come up just like magic3 if he wanted a 
seven of diamonds1 or an ace of spades1 
or the knave of clubs1 there it was for 
you4  ,most gentlemen would have lost   
temper at seein' the luck so dead agin' 
them1 and every thing goin' so bad1 but 
my master only smiled1 and kept         
muttering to himself1 ',faix1 it's      
beautiful2 by my conscience it is       
elegant2 ,i never saw any body could do 
it like that4' ,at last the baron stops 
and asks1 ',what is it he's saying to   
himself8' ',i'll tell you by-and-by1'   
says my master1 'when we're done        
playing2' and so on they went1 betting  

higher and higher1 till at last the     
stakes wasn't very far from a thousand  
pounds on a single card4 ,at the end1   
,mr4 ,brooke lost every thing1 and in   
the last game1 by way of generosity1 the
 baron says to him1 ',double or quit8'  
and he tuk it4  ,this time luck stood to
 my master1 and he turned the queen of  
hearts2 and as there was only one card  
could beat him1 the game was all as one 
as his own4 ,the baron takes up the     
pack1 and begins to deal1 ',wait1' says 
my master1 leaning over the table1 and  
talking in a whisper2 'wait1' says he1  
'what are ye doin' there wid your       
thumb8' for sure enough he had his thumb
 dug hard into the middle of the pack4  
',do you mane to insult me1' says the   
baron1 getting mighty red1 and throwing 
down the cards on the table1 ',is that  
what you're at8'  ',go on with the      
deal1' says ,mr4 ,brooke1 quietly2 'but 
listen to me1' and here he dropped his  
voice to a whisper1 'as sure as you turn
 the king of hearts ,i'll send a bullet 

through your skull6 ,go on now1 and     
don't rise from that seat till you've   
finished the game4' ,faix1 he just did  
as he was bid2 he turned a little two or
 three of diamonds1 and gettin' up from 
the table1 he left the room1 and the    
next morning there was no more seen of  
him in ,aix-la-,chapelle4 ,but that     
wasn't the end of it1 for scarce was the
 baron two posts on his journey1 when my
 master sends in his name1 and says he  
wants to speak to ,count ,riedensegg4   
,there was a long time1 and a great     
debatin'1 ,i believe1 whether they'd let
 him in or not2 for the count couldn't  
make if it was mischief he was after2   
but at last he was ushered into the     
bedroom where the other was in bed4     
',count1' says he1 after he fastened the
 door1 and saw that they was alone1     
',count1 you tried a dirty thrick with  
that dirty spalpeen of a baron--an ould 
blaguard that's as well known as        
,freney1 the robber--but ,i forgive you 
for it all1 for you did it in the way of

 business4 ,i know well what you was    
afther2 you wanted a peep at our        
dispatches--there1 ye needn't look cross
 and angry--why wouldn't ye do it1 just 
as the baron always took a sly glance at
 my cards before he played his own4     
,well1 now1 ,i'm just in the humor to   
sarve you4 ,they're not trating me as   
they ought here1 and ,i'm going away1   
and if you'll give me a few letthers to 
some of the pretty women in ,vienna1    
,kateuka ,batthyani1 and ,amalia        
,gradoffsky1 and one or two men in the  
best set1 ,i'll send you in return      
something will surprise you4'  ,it was  
after a long time and great batin' about
 the bush1 that the ould count came in2 
but the sight of a sacret cipher did the
 business1 and he consented4  ',there it
 is1' says ,mr4 ,brooke1 'there's the   
whole key to our correspondence1 study  
it well1 and ,i'll bring you a sacret   
dispatch in the evening--something that 
will surprise you4'  ',ye will--will    
ye8' says the count4  ',on the honor of 

an ,irish gentleman1 ,i will1' says ,mr4
 ,brooke4  ,the count sits down on the  
spot and writes the letters to all the  
princesses and countesses in ,vienna1   
saying that ,mr4 ,brooke was the        
elegantest1 and politest1 and most      
trusty young gentleman ever he met2 and 
telling them to treat him with every    
consideration4  ',there will be another 
account of me1' says the master to me1  
'by the post2 but ,i'll travel faster1  
and give me a fair start1 and ,i ask no 
more4'  ,and he was as good as his word1
 for he started that evening for        
,vienna1 without lave or license1 and   
that's the way he got dismissed from his
 situation4  ,and did he break his      
promise to the count1 or did he really  
send him any intelligence8  ,he kept his
 word like a gentleman2 he promised him 
something that would surprise him1 and  
so he did4 ,he sent him the weddin' of  
,ballyporeen in cipher4 ,it took a week 
to make out1 and ,i suppose they've     
never got to the right understandin' it 

yet4  ,i'm curious to hear how he was   
received in ,vienna after this1 said ,i4
 ,i suppose you accompanied him to that 
city4  ,troth ,i did1 and a short life  
we led there2 but here we are now1 at   
the end of our journey4 ,that's ,father 
,doogan's down there1 that small1 low1  
thatched house in the hollow4  ,a lonely
 spot1 too4 ,i don't see another near it
 for miles on any side4  ,nor is there4 
,his chapel is at ,murrah1 about three  
miles off4 ,my eyes isn't over good2 but
 ,i don't think there's any smoke coming
 out of the chimley4  ,you are          
right--there is not4  ,he's not at home1
 then1 and that's a bad job for us1 for 
there's not another place to stop the   
night in4  ,but there will be surely    
some one in the house4  ,most likely    
not2 'tis a brat of a boy from ,murrah  
does be with him when he's at home1 and 
,i'm sure he's not there now4  ,this    
reply was not very cheering1 nor was the
 prospect itself much brighter4 ,the    
solitary cabin1 to which we were        

approaching1 stood in a rugged glen1 the
 sides of which were covered with a low 
furze1 intermixed here and there with   
the scrub of what once had been an oak  
forest4 ,a brown1 mournful tint was over
 every thing--sky and landscape alike2  
and even the little stream of clear     
water that wound its twining course     
along1 took the same color from the     
gravelly bed it flowed over4 ,not a cow 
nor sheep was to be seen1 nor even a    
bird2 all was silent and still4         
,there's few would like to pass their   
lives down there1 then6 said my         
companion1 as if speaking to himself4   
,i suppose the priest1 like a soldier1  
has no choice in these matters4         
,sometimes he has1 though4 ,father      
,doogan might have had the pick of the  
county1 they say2 but he chose this     
little quiet spot here4 ,he's a friar of
 some ordher abroad1 and when he came   
over1 two or three years ago1 he could  
only spake a little ,irish1 and1 ,i     
believe1 less ,english2 but there wasn't

 his equal1 for other tongues1 in all   
,europe4 ,they wanted him to stop and be
 the head of a college somewhere in     
,spain1 but he wouldn't4 ',there was    
work to do in ,ireland1' he said1 and   
there he'd go1 and to the wildest and   
laste civilized bit of it besides2 and  
ye see that he was not far out in his   
choice when he took ,murrah4  ,is he    
much liked here by the people8  ,they'd 
worship him1 if he'd let them1 that's   
what it is2 for if he has more larnin'  
and knowledge in his head than ever a   
bishop in ,ireland1 there's not a child 
in the barony his equal for simplicity4 
,he that knows the names of the stars1  
and what they do be doing1 and where the
 world's going1 and what's comin' afther
 her1 hasn't a thought for the          
wickedness of this life1 no more than a 
sucking infant6 ,he could tell you every
 crop to put in your ground from this to
 the day of judgment1 and ,i don't think
 he'd know which end of the spade goes  
into the ground4  ,while we were thus   

talking1 we reached the door1 which1 as 
well as the windows1 was closely barred 
and fastened4 ,the great padlock1       
however1 on the former1 with            
characteristic acuteness1 was locked    
without being hasped1 so that1 in a few 
seconds1 my old guide had undone all the
 fastenings1 and we found ourselves     
under shelter4  ,a roomy kitchen1 with a
 few cooking utensils1 formed the       
entrance hall2 and as a small supply of 
turf stood in one corner1 my companion  
at once proceeded to make a fire1       
congratulating me as he went on with the
 fact of our being housed1 for a        
long-threatening thunder storm had      
already burst1 and the rain was swooping
 along in torrents4  ,while he was thus 
busied ,i took a ramble through the     
little cabin1 curious to see something  
of the interior of one whose life had   
already interested me4 ,there were but  
two small chambers1 one at either side  
of the kitchen4 ,the first ,i entered   
was a bedroom1 the only furniture being 

a common bed1 or a tressel like that of 
an hospital1 a little colored print of  
,st4 ,michael adorning the wall         
overhead4 ,the bed-covering was cleanly1
 but patched in many places1 and        
bespeaking much poverty1 and the black  
soutane of silk that hung against the   
wall seemed to show long years of       
service4 ,the few articles of any       
pretension to comfort were found in the 
sitting-room1 where a small book-shelf  
with some well-thumbed volumes1 and a   
writing-table covered with papers1 maps1
 and a few pencil-drawings1 appeared4   
,all seemed as if he had just quitted   
the spot a few minutes before2 the      
pencil lay across a half-finished       
sketch2 two or three wild plants were   
laid within the leaves of a little book 
on botany2 and a chess problem1 with an 
open book beside it1 still waited for   
solution on a little board1 whose       
workmanship clearly enough betrayed it  
to be by his own hands4  ,i inspected   
every thing with an interest inspired by

 all ,i had been hearing of the poor    
priest1 and turned over the little      
volumes of his humble library to trace1 
if ,i might1 some clew to his habits in 
his readings4 ,they were all1 however1  
of one cast and character--religious    
tracts and offices1 covered with        
annotations and remarks1 and showing1 by
 many signs the most careful and        
frequent perusal4 ,it was easy to see   
that his taste for drawing or for chess 
were the only dissipations he permitted 
himself to indulge4 ,what a strange life
 of privation1 thought ,i1 alone and    
companionless as he must be6 and while  
speculating on the sense of duty which  
impelled such a man to accept a post so 
humble and unpromising1 ,i perceived    
that on the wall right opposite to me   
there hung a picture1 covered by a      
little curtain of green silk4  ,curious 
to behold the saintly effigy so         
carefully enshrined1 ,i drew aside the  
curtain1 and what was my astonishment to
 find a little colored sketch of a boy  

about twelve years old1 dressed in the  
tawdry and much-worn uniform of a       
drummer4 ,i started4 ,something flashed 
suddenly across my mind1 that the       
features1 the dress1 the air1 were not  
unknown to me4 ,was ,i awake1 or were my
 senses misleading me8 ,i took it down  
and held it to the light1 and as well as
 my trembling hands permitted1 ,i       
spelled out1 at the foot of the drawing1
 the words ,le ,petit ,maurice1 as ,i   
saw him last4 ,yes3 it was my own       
portrait1 and the words were in the     
writing of my dearest friend in the     
world1 the ,pre ,michael4 ,scarce       
knowing what ,i did1 ,i ransacked books 
and papers on every side1 to confirm my 
suspicions1 and although his name was   
nowhere to be found1 ,i had no          
difficulty in recognizing his hand1 now 
so forcibly recalled to my memory4      
,hastening into the kitchen1 ,i told my 
guide1 that ,i must set out to ,murrah  
at once1 that it was above all important
 that ,i should see the priest          

immediately4 ,it was in vain that he    
told me he was unequal to the fatigue of
 going further1 that the storm was      
increasing1 the mountain torrents were  
swelling to a formidable size1 that the 
path could not be discovered after dark2
 ,i could not brook the thought of      
delay1 and would not listen to the      
detail of difficulties4 ,i must see him 
and ,i will1 were my answers to every   
obstacle4 ,if ,i were resolved on one   
side1 he was no less obstinate on the   
other2 and after explaining with        
patience all the dangers and hazards of 
the attempt1 and still finding me       
unconvinced1 he boldly declared that ,i 
might go alone1 if ,i would1 but that he
 would not leave the shelter of a roof1 
such a night1 for any one4  ,there was  
nothing in the shape of argument ,i did 
not essay4 ,i tried bribery1 ,i tried   
menace1 flattery1 intimidation1 all--and
 all with the like result4 ,wherever he 
is to-night1 he'll not leave it1 that's 
certain1 was the only satisfaction he   

would vouchsafe1 and ,i retired beaten  
from the contest1 and disheartened4     
,twice ,i left the cottage1 resolved to 
go alone and unaccompanied1 but the     
utter darkness of the night1 the        
torrents of rain that beat against my   
face1 soon showed me the                
impracticability of the attempt1 and ,i 
retraced my steps crest-fallen and      
discomfited4 ,the most intense curiosity
 to know how and by what chances he had 
come to ,ireland mingled with my ardent 
desire to meet him4 ,what stores of     
reminiscence had we to interchange6 ,nor
 was it without pride that ,i bethought 
me of the position ,i then held--an     
officer of a ,hussar regiment1 a soldier
 of more than one campaign1 and high on 
the list for promotion4 ,if ,i hoped1   
too1 that many of the good father's     
prejudices against the career ,i        
followed would give way to the records  
of my own past life1 ,i also felt how1  
in various respects1 ,i had myself      
conformed to many of his notions4 ,we   

should be dearer1 closer friends than   
ever4 ,this ,i knew and was sure of4  ,i
 never slept the whole night through2   
tired and weary as the day's journey had
 left me1 excitement was still too      
strong for repose1 and ,i walked up and 
down1 lay for half an hour on my bed1   
rose to look out1 and peer for coming   
dawn6 ,never did hours lag so lazily4   
,the darkness seemed to last for an     
eternity1 and when at last day did      
break1 it was through the lowering gloom
 of skies still charged with rain1 and  
an atmosphere loaded with vapor4  ,this 
is a day for the chimney corner1 and    
thankful to have it we ought to be1 said
 my old guide1 as he replenished the    
turf fire1 at which he was preparing our
 breakfast4 ,father ,doogan will be home
 here afore night1 ,i'm sure1 and as we 
have nothing better to do1 ,i'll tell   
you some of our old adventures when ,i  
lived with ,mr4 ,brooke4 ',twill sarve  
to pass the time1 any way4  ,i'm off to 
,murrah1 as soon as ,i have eaten       

something1 replied ,i4  ',tis little you
 know what a road it is1 said he1       
smiling dubiously4 ',tis four mountain  
rivers you'd have to cross1 two of them1
 at least1 deeper than your head1 and   
there's the pass of ,barnascorny1 where 
you'd have to turn the side of a        
mountain1 with a precipice hundreds of  
feet below you1 and a wind blowing that 
would wreck a seventy-four6 ,there's    
never a man in the barony would venture 
over the same path1 with a storm ragin' 
from the nor'west4  ,i never heard of a 
man being blown away off a mountain1    
said ,i1 laughing contemptuously4       
,arrah1 didn't ye then8 then maybe ye   
never tried in parts where the heaviest 
plows and harrows that can be laid in   
the thatch of a cabin are flung here and
 there1 like straws1 and the strongest  
timbers torn out of the walls1 and      
scattered for miles along the coast1    
like the spars of a shipwreck4  ,but so 
long as a man has hands to grip with4   
,how ye talk2 sure when the wind can    

tear the strongest trees up by the      
roots2 when it rolls big rocks fifty and
 a hundred feet out of their place2 when
 the very shingle on the mountain side  
is flyin' about like dust and sand1     
where would your grip be8 ,it is not    
only on the mountains either1 but down  
in the plains1 ay1 even in the narrowest
 glens1 that the cattle lies down under 
shelter of the rocks2 and many's the    
time a sheep1 or even a heifer1 is swept
 away off the cliffs into the sea4      
,with many an anecdote of storm and     
hurricane he seasoned our little meal of
 potatoes4 ,some curious enough1 as     
illustrating the precautionary habits of
 a peasantry1 who1 on land1 experience  
many of the vicissitudes supposed       
peculiar to the sea2 others too         
miraculous for easy credence1 but yet   
vouched for by him with every           
affirmative of truth4 ,he displayed all 
his powers of agreeability and          
amusement1 but his tales fell on        
unwilling ears1 and when our meal was   

over ,i started up and began to prepare 
for the road4  ,so you will go1 will    
you8 said he1 peevishly4 ',tis in your  
country to be obstinate1 so ,i'll say   
nothing more2 but maybe 'tis only into  
throubles you'd be running after all6   
,i'm determined on it1 said ,i1 and ,i  
only ask you to tell me what road to    
take4  ,there is only one1 so there is  
no mistakin' it2 keep to the sheep path1
 and never leave it except at the       
torrents2 you must pass them how ye can1
 and when ye come to four big rocks in  
the plain leave them to your left1 and  
keep the side of the mountain for two   
miles1 'till ye see the smoke of the    
village underneath you4 ,murrah is a    
small place1 and ye'll have to look out 
sharp or maybe ye'll miss it4  ,that's  
enough1 said ,i1 putting some silver in 
his hand as ,i pressed it4 ,we'll       
probably meet no more2 good-by1 and many
 thanks for your pleasant company4  ,no1
 we're not like to meet again1 said he1 
thoughtfully1 and that's the reason ,i'd

 like to give you a bit of advice4 ,hear
 me now1 said he1 drawing closer and    
talking in a whisper2 you can't go far  
in this country without being known2    
'tisn't your looks alone1 but your      
voice1 and your tongue1 will show what  
ye are4 ,get away out of it as fast as  
you can6 there's thraitors in every     
cause1 and there's chaps in ,ireland    
would rather make money as informers    
than earn it by honest industry6 ,get   
over to the ,scotch islands2 get to     
,isla or ,barra2 get any where out of   
this for the time4  ,thanks for the     
counsel1 said ,i1 somewhat coldly1 ,i'll
 have time to think over it as ,i go    
along1 and with these words ,i set forth
 on my journey4   ,,chapter ,,xxvii4    
,,the ,,cranagh4  ,i will not weary my  
reader with a narrative of my mountain  
walk1 nor the dangers and difficulties  
which beset me on that day of storm and 
hurricane4 ,few as were the miles to    
travel1 what with accidents1 mistakes of
 the path1 and the halts to take        

shelter1 ,i only reached ,murrah as the 
day was declining4  ,the little village1
 which consisted of some twenty cabins1 
occupied a narrow gorge between two     
mountains1 and presented an aspect of   
greater misery than ,i had ever         
witnessed before1 not affording even the
 humblest specimen of a house of        
entertainment4 ,from some peasants that 
were lounging in the street ,i learned  
that ,father ,doogan had passed through 
two days before in company with a naval 
officer1 whom they believed to be       
,french4 ,at least1 he came from one of 
the ships in the ,lough1 and could speak
 no ,english4 ,since that the priest had
 not returned1 and many thought that he 
had gone away forever4 ,this story1     
varied in a few unimportant particulars1
 ,i heard from several2 and also learned
 that a squadron of several sail had1   
for three or four days1 been lying at   
the entrance of ,lough ,swilly1 with1 it
 was said1 large reinforcements for the 
army of independence4 ,there was then no

 time to be lost3 here was the very     
force which ,i had been sent to         
communicate with2 there were the troops 
that should at that moment be           
disembarking4 ,the success of my mission
 might all depend now on a little extra 
exertion1 and so ,i at once engaged a   
guide to conduct me to the coast1 and   
having fortified myself with a glass of 
mountain whiskey1 ,i felt ready for the 
road4 ,my guide could only speak a very 
little ,english2 so that our way was    
passed in almost unbroken silence2 and1 
as for security1 he followed the least  
frequented paths1 we scarcely met a     
living creature as we went4 ,it was with
 a strange sense of half pride1 half    
despondency1 that ,i bethought me of my 
own position there--a ,frenchman1 alone1
 and separated from his countrymen--in a
 wild mountain region of ,ireland1      
carrying about him documents that1 if   
detected1 might peril his life2 involved
 in a cause that had for its object the 
independence of a nation2 and that      

against the power of the mightiest      
kingdom in ,europe4 ,an hour earlier or 
later1 an accident by the way1 a swollen
 torrent1 a chance impediment of any    
kind that should delay me--and what a   
change might that produce in the whole  
destiny of the world4 ,the dispatches ,i
 carried conveyed instructions the most 
precise and accurate--the places for    
combined action of the two              
armies--information as to the actual    
state of parties1 and the condition of  
the native forces1 was contained in     
them4 ,all that could instruct the      
newly-come generals1 or encourage them  
to decisive measures were there2 and1   
yet1 on what narrow contingencies did   
their safe arrival depend6 ,it was thus1
 in exaggerating to myself the part ,i  
played--in elevating my humble position 
into all the importance of a high       
trust--that ,i sustained my drooping    
spirits1 and acquired energy to carry me
 through fatigue and exhaustion4 ,during
 that night1 and the greater part of the

 following day1 we walked on1 almost    
without halt1 scarcely eating1 and1     
except by an occasional glass of whisky1
 totally unrefreshed2 and ,i am free to 
own1 that my poor guide--a bare-legged  
youth of about seventeen1 without any of
 those high-sustaining illusions which  
stirred within my heart--suffered far   
less either from hunger or weariness    
than ,i did4 ,so much for motives4 ,a   
shilling or two were sufficient to      
equalize the balance against all the    
weight of my heroism and patriotic ardor
 together6  ,a bright sun1 and a sharp  
wind from the north1 had succeeded to   
the lowering sky and heavy atmosphere of
 the morning1 and we traveled along with
 light hearts and brisk steps1 breasting
 the side of a deep ascent1 from the    
summit of which my guide told me1 ,i    
should behold the sea--the sea1 not only
 the great plain on which ,i expected to
 see our armament1 but the link which   
bound me to my country6 ,suddenly1 just 
as ,i turned the angle of a cliff1 it   

burst upon my sight--one vast mirror of 
golden splendor--appearing almost at my 
feet6 ,in the yellow gleams of a setting
 sun1 long columns of azure-colored     
light streaked its calm surface1 and    
tinged the atmosphere with a warm and   
rosy hue4 ,while ,i was lost in         
admiration of the picture1 ,i heard the 
sound of voices close beneath me1 and1  
on looking down1 saw two figures who1   
with telescopes in hand1 were steadily  
gazing on a little bay that extended    
toward the west4  ,at first1 my         
attention was more occupied by the      
strangers than by the object of their   
curiosity1 and ,i remarked that they    
were dressed and equipped like          
sportsmen1 their guns and game-bags     
lying against the rock behind them4  ,do
 you still think that they are hovering 
about the coast1 ,tom8 said the elder of
 the two1 or are you not convinced1 at  
last1 that ,i am right8  ,i believe you 
are1 replied the other2 but it certainly
 did not look like it yesterday evening1

 with their boats rowing ashore every   
half hour1 signals flying1 and blue     
lights burning2 all seemed to threaten a
 landing4  ,if they ever thought of it1 
they soon changed their minds1 said the 
former4 ,the defeat of their comrades in
 the west1 and the apathy of the        
peasantry here1 would have cooled down  
warmer ardor than theirs4 ,there they   
go1 ,tom4 ,i only hope that they'll fall
 in with ,warren's squadron1 and ,french
 insolence receive at sea the lesson we 
failed to give them on land4  ,not so1  
rejoined the younger2 ,humbert's        
capitulation1 and the total break-up of 
the expedition ought to satisfy even    
your patriotism4  ,it fell far short of 
it1 then6 cried the other4 ,i'd never   
have treated those fellows other than as
 bandits and freebooters4 ,i'd have     
hanged them as highwaymen4 ,there was   
less war than rapine2 but what could you
 expect8 ,i have been assured that      
,humbert's force consisted of little    
other than liberated felons and galley  

slaves--the refuse of the worst         
population of ,europe6  ,distracted with
 the terrible tidings ,i had            
overheard--overwhelmed with the sight of
 the ships1 now glistening like bright  
specks on the verge of the horizon1 ,i  
forgot my own position--my safety--every
 thing but the insult thus cast upon my 
gallant comrades4  ,whoever said so was 
a liar1 and a base coward1 to boot6     
cried ,i1 springing down from the height
 and confronting them both where they   
stood4 ,they started back1 and1 seizing 
their guns1 assumed an attitude of      
defense1 and then1 quickly perceiving   
that ,i was alone--for the boy had taken
 to flight as fast as he could--they    
stood regarding me with faces of intense
 astonishment4  ,yes1 said ,i1 still    
boiling with passion1 you are two to    
one1 on your own soil besides1 the odds 
you are best used to2 and yet ,i repeat 
it1 that he who asperses the character  
of ,general ,humbert's force is a liar4 
,he's ,french4  ,no1 he's ,irish1       

muttered the elder4 ,what signifies my  
country1 sirs1 cried ,i passionately1 if
 ,i demand retraction for a falsehood4  
,it signifies more than you think of1   
young man1 said the elder1 calmly1 and  
without evincing even the slightest     
irritation in his manner4 ,if you be a  
,frenchman born1 the lenity of our      
government accords you the privilege of 
a prisoner of war4 ,if you be only      
,french by adoption1 and a uniform1 a   
harsher destiny awaits you4  ,and who   
says ,i am a prisoner yet8 asked ,i1    
drawing myself up1 and staring them     
steadily in the face4  ,we should be    
worse men1 and poorer patriots1 than you
 give us credit for1 or we should be    
able to make you so1 said he quietly1   
but this is no case for ill-temper on   
either side4 ,the expedition has failed4
 ,well1 if you will not believe me1 read
 that4 ,there1 in that paper1 you will  
see the official account of ,general    
,humbert's surrender at ,boyle4 ,the    
news is already over the length and     

breadth of the island2 even if you only 
landed last night1 ,i can not conceive  
how you should be ignorant of it6 ,i    
covered my face with my hands to hide my
 emotion2 and he went on3 ,if you be    
,french1 you have only to claim and     
prove your nationality1 and you partake 
the fortunes of your countrymen4  ,and  
if he be not1 whispered the other1 in a 
voice which1 although low1 ,i could     
still detect1 why should we1 give him   
up8  ,hush1 ,tom1 be quiet1 replied the 
elder1 let him plead for himself4  ,let 
me see the newspaper1 said ,i1          
endeavoring to seem calm and collected2 
and taking it at the place he pointed   
out1 ,i read the heading in capitals1   
,,capitulation ,,of ,,general ,,humbert 
,,and ,,his ,,whole ,,force4 ,i could   
see no more4 ,i could not trace the     
details of so horrible a disaster1 nor  
did ,i ask to know by what means it     
occurred4 ,my attitude and air of       
apparent occupation1 however1 deceived  
the other2 and the elder1 supposing that

 ,i was engaged in considering the      
paragraph1 said1 ,you'll see the        
government proclamation on the other    
side1 a general amnesty to all under the
 rank of officers in the rebel army1 who
 give up their arms within six days4    
,the ,french to be treated as prisoners 
of war4  ,is he too late to regain the  
fleet1 whispered the younger4  ,of      
course he is4 ,they are already hull    
down2 besides1 who's to assist his      
escape1 ,tom8 ,you forget the position  
he stands in4  ,but ,i do not forget it1
 answered ,i1 and you need not be afraid
 that ,i will seek to compromise you1   
gentlemen4 ,tell me where to find the   
nearest justice of the peace1 and ,i    
will go and surrender myself4  ,it is   
your wisest and best policy1 said the   
elder2 ,i am not in the commission1 but 
a neighbor of mine is1 and lives a few  
miles off1 and if you like we'll        
accompany you to his house4  ,i accepted
 the offer1 and soon found myself       
descending the steep path of the        

mountain in perfect good-fellowship with
 the two strangers4 ,it is likely       
enough1 that if they had taken any      
peculiar pains to obliterate the memory 
of our first meeting1 or if they had    
displayed any extraordinary efforts of  
conciliation1 that ,i should be on my   
guard against them2 but their manner1 on
 the contrary1 was easy and unaffected  
in every respect4 ,they spoke of the    
expedition sensibly and dispassionately1
 and while acknowledging that there were
 many things they would like to see     
altered in the ,english rule of         
,ireland1 they were very averse from the
 desire of a foreign intervention to    
rectify them4  ,i avowed to them that we
 had been grossly deceived4 ,that all   
the representations made us1 depicted   
,ireland as a nation of soldiers1       
wanting only arms and military stores to
 rise as a vast army4 ,that the         
peasantry were animated by one spirit1  
and the majority of the gentry willing  
to hazard every thing on the issue of a 

struggle4 ,our ,killala experiences1 of 
which ,i detailed some1 heartily amused 
them1 and it was in a merry interchange 
of opinions that we now walked along    
together4  ,a cluster of houses1 too    
small to be called a village1 and known 
as the ,cranagh1 stood in a little nook 
of the bay2 and here they lived4 ,they  
were brothers2 and the elder held some  
small appointment in the revenue1 which 
maintained them as bachelors in this    
cheap country4 ,in a low conversation   
that passed between them1 it was agreed 
that they would detain me as their guest
 for that evening1 and on the morrow    
accompany me to the magistrate's house1 
about five miles distant4 ,i was not    
sorry to accept their hospitable offer4 
,i longed for a few hours of rest and   
respite before embarking on another sea 
of troubles4 ,the failure of the        
expedition1 and the departure of the    
fleet1 had overwhelmed me with grief1   
and ,i was in no mood to confront new   
perils4  ,if my new acquaintances could 

have read my inmost thoughts1 their     
manner toward me could not have         
displayed more kindness or              
good-breeding4 ,not pressing me with    
questions on subjects where the greatest
 curiosity would have been permissible1 
they suffered me to tell only so much as
 ,i wished of our late plans2 and as if 
purposely to withdraw my thoughts from  
the unhappy theme of our defeat1 led me 
to talk of ,france1 and her career in   
,europe4  ,it was not without surprise  
that ,i saw how conversant the          
newspapers had made them with ,european 
politics1 nor how widely different did  
events appear1 when viewed from afar    
off1 and by the lights of another and   
different nationality ,thus all that we 
were doing on the ,continent to         
propagate liberal notions1 and promote  
the spread of freedom1 seemed to their  
eyes but the efforts of an ambitious    
power to crush abroad what they had     
annihilated at home1 and extend their   
own influence in disseminating          

doctrines1 all to revert1 one day or    
other1 to some grand despotism1 whenever
 the man arose capable to exercise it4  
,the elder would not even concede to us 
that we were fit for freedom4  ,you are 
glorious fellows at destroying an old   
edifice1 said he2 but sorry architects  
when comes the question of rebuilding2  
and as to liberty1 your highest notion  
of it is an occasional anarchy4 ,like   
school-boys1 you will bear any tyranny  
for ten years1 to have ten days of a    
'barring out' afterward4  ,i was not    
much flattered by these opinions2 and   
what was worse1 ,i could not get them   
out of my head all night afterward4     
,many things ,i had never doubted about 
now kept puzzling and confounding me1   
and ,i began1 for the first time1 to    
know the misery of the struggle between 
implicit obedience and conviction4      
,,chapter ,,xxviii4  ,,some ,,new       
,,acquaintances4  ,i went to bed at     
night in all apparent health2 save from 
the flurry and excitement of an anxious 

mind1 ,i was in no respect different    
from my usual mood2 and yet when ,i     
awoke next morning1 my head was         
distracted with a racking pain1 cramps  
were in all my limbs1 and ,i could not  
turn or even move without intense       
suffering4 ,the long exposure to rain1  
while my mind was in a condition of     
extreme excitement1 had brought on an   
attack of fever1 and before evening set 
in1 ,i was raving in wild delirium4     
,every scene ,i had passed through1 each
 eventful incident of my life1 came     
flashing in disjointed portions through 
my poor brain2 and ,i raved away of     
,france1 of ,germany1 of the dreadful   
days of terror1 and the fearful orgies  
of the ,revolution4 ,scenes of strife   
and struggle--the terrible conflicts of 
the streets--all rose before me2 and the
 names of every blood-stained hero of   
,france now mingled with the obscure    
titles of ,irish insurrection4  ,what   
narratives of my early life ,i may have 
given--what stories ,i may have revealed

 of my strange career1 ,i can not tell2 
but the interest my kind hosts took in  
me grew stronger every day4 ,there was  
no care nor kindness they did not lavish
 on me4 ,taking alternate nights to sit 
up with me1 they watched beside my bed1 
like brothers4 ,all that affection could
 give they rendered me2 and even from   
their narrow fortunes they paid a       
physician1 who came from a distant town 
to visit me4 ,when ,i was sufficiently  
recovered to leave my bed1 and sit at   
the window1 or stroll slowly in the     
garden1 ,i became aware of the full     
extent to which their kindness had      
carried them1 and in the precautions for
 secrecy1 ,i saw the peril to which my  
presence exposed them4 ,from an excess  
of delicacy toward me1 they did not     
allude to the subject1 nor show the     
slightest uneasiness about the matter2  
but day by day some little circumstance 
would occur1 some slight and trivial    
fact reveal the state of anxiety they   
lived in4  ,they were averse1 too1 from 

all discussion of late events1 and      
either answered my questions vaguely or 
with a certain reserve2 and when ,i     
hinted at my hope of being soon able to 
appear before a magistrate and establish
 my claim as a ,french citizen1 they    
replied that the moment was an          
unfavorable one2 the lenity of the      
government had latterly been abused2    
their gracious intentions misstated and 
perverted2 that1 in fact1 a reaction    
toward severity had occurred1 and       
military law and courts-martial were    
summarily disposing of cases that a     
short time back would have received the 
mildest sentences of civil tribunals4   
,it was clear1 from all they said1 that 
if the rebellion was suppressed1 the    
insurrectionary feeling was not         
extinguished1 and that ,england was the 
very reverse of tranquil on the subject 
of ,ireland4  ,it was to no purpose that
 ,i repeated my personal indifference to
 all these measures of severity2 that in
 my capacity as a ,frenchman and an     

officer1 ,i stood exempt from all the   
consequences they alluded to4 ,their    
reply was1 that in times of trouble and 
alarm things were done which quieter    
periods would never have sanctioned1 and
 that indiscreet and over-zealous men   
would venture on acts that neither law  
nor justice could substantiate4 ,in     
fact1 they gave me to believe1 that such
 was the excitement of the moment1 such 
the embittered vengeance of those whose 
families or fortunes had suffered by the
 rebellion1 that no reprisals would be  
thought too heavy1 nor any harshness too
 great1 for those who aided the         
movement4  ,whatever ,i might have said 
against the injustice of this           
proceeding1 in my secret heart ,i had to
 confess that it was only what might    
have been expected1 and coming from a   
country where it was enough to call a   
man an aristocrat and then cry a la     
lanterne1 ,i saw nothing unreasonable in
 it all4  ,my friends1 advised me1      
therefore1 instead of preferring any    

formal claim to immunity1 to take the   
first occasion of escaping to ,america1 
whence ,i could not fail1 later on1 of  
returning to ,france4 ,at first1 the    
counsel only irritated me1 but by       
degrees1 as ,i came to think more calmly
 and seriously of the difficulties1 ,i  
began to regard it in a different light2
 and at last ,i fully concurred in the  
wisdom of the advice1 and resolved on   
adopting it4  ,to sit on the cliffs1 and
 watch the ocean for hours1 became now  
the practice of my life--to gaze from   
daybreak almost to the falling of night 
over the wide expanse of sea1 straining 
my eyes at each sail1 and conjecturing  
to what distant shore they were tending4
 ,the hopes which at first sustained1 at
 last deserted me1 as week after week   
passed over1 and no prospect of escape  
appeared4 ,the life of inactivity       
gradually depressed my spirits1 and ,i  
fell into a low and moping condition1 in
 which my hours rolled over without     
thought or notice4 ,still1 ,i returned  

each day to my accustomed spot1 a lofty 
peak of rock that stood over the sea1   
and from which the view extended for    
miles on every side4 ,there1 half hid in
 the wild heath1 ,i used to lie for     
hours long1 my eyes bent upon the sea1  
but my thoughts wandering away to a past
 that never was to be renewed1 and a    
future ,i was never destined to         
experience4  ,although late in the      
autumn1 the season was mild and genial1 
and the sea calm and waveless1 save     
along the shore1 where1 even in the     
stillest weather1 the great breakers    
come tumbling in with a force1          
independent of storm1 and listening to  
their booming thunder1 ,i have dreamed  
away hour after hour unconsciously4 ,it 
was one day1 as ,i lay thus1 that my    
attention was caught by the sight of    
three large vessels on the very verge of
 the horizon4 ,habit had now given me a 
certain acuteness1 and ,i could perceive
 from their height and size that they   
were ships of war4 ,for a while they    

seemed as if steering for the entrance  
of the lough1 but afterward they changed
 their course1 and headed toward the    
west4 ,at length they separated1 and one
 of smaller size1 and probably a frigate
 from her speed1 shot forward beyond the
 rest1 and1 in less than half an hour1  
disappeared from view4 ,the other two   
gradually sunk beneath the horizon1 and 
not a sail was to be seen over the wide 
expanse4 ,while speculating on what     
errand the squadron might be employed1  
,i thought ,i could hear the deep and   
rolling sound of distant cannonading4   
,my ear was too practiced in the        
thundering crash of the breakers along  
shore to confound the noises2 and as ,i 
listened ,i fancied that ,i could       
distinguish the sound of single guns    
from the louder roar of a whole         
broadside4 ,this could not mean         
saluting1 nor was it likely to be a mere
 exercise of the fleet4 ,they were not  
times when much powder was expended     
unprofitably4 ,was it then an           

engagement8 ,but with what or whom8     
,tandy's expedition1 as it was called1  
had long since sailed1 and must ere this
 have been captured or safe in ,france4 
,i tried a hundred conjectures to       
explain the mystery1 which now1 from the
 long continuance of the sounds1 seemed 
to denote a desperately contested       
engagement4 ,it was not 'till after     
three hours that the cannonading ceased1
 and then ,i could descry a thick dark  
canopy of smoke that hung hazily over   
one spot in the horizon1 as if marking  
out the scene of the struggle4 ,with    
what aching1 torturing anxiety ,i burned
 to know what had happened1 and with    
which side rested the victory4  ,well   
habituated to hear of the ,english as   
victors in every naval engagement1 ,i   
yet went on hoping against hope itself1 
that ,fortune might for once have       
favored us2 nor was it till the falling 
night prevented my being able to trace  
out distant objects1 that ,i could leave
 the spot and turn homeward4 ,with      

wishes so directly opposed to theirs1 ,i
 did not venture to tell my two friends 
what ,i had witnessed1 nor trust myself 
to speak on a subject where my feelings 
might have betrayed me into unseemly    
expressions of my hopes4 ,i was glad to 
find that they knew nothing of the      
matter1 and talked away indifferently of
 other subjects4 ,by daybreak1 the next 
morning1 ,i was at my post1 a sharp     
nor'wester blowing1 and a heavy sea     
rolling in from the ,atlantic4          
,instinctively carrying my eyes to the  
spot where ,i had heard the cannonnade1 
,i could distinctly see the tops of     
spars1 as if the upper rigging of some  
vessels1 beyond the horizon4 ,gradually 
they rose higher and higher1 till ,i    
could detect the yard-arms and          
cross-trees1 and finally the great hulls
 of five vessels that were bearing      
toward me4  ,for above an hour ,i could 
see their every movement1 as with all   
canvas spread they held on majestically 
toward the land1 when at length a lofty 

promontory of the bay intervened1 and   
they were lost to my view4 ,i jumped to 
my legs at once1 and set off down the   
cliff to reach the headland1 from whence
 an uninterrupted prospect extended4    
,the distance was greater than ,i had   
supposed1 and in my eagerness to take a 
direct line to it1 ,i got entangled in  
difficult gorges among the hills1 and   
impeded by mountain torrents which often
 compelled me to go back a considerable 
distance2 it was already late in the    
afternoon as ,i gained the crest of a   
ridge over the ,bay of ,lough ,swilly4  
,beneath me lay the calm surface of the 
lough1 landlocked and still2 but further
 out1 seaward1 there was a sight that   
made my very limbs tremble1 and sickened
 my heart as ,i beheld it4 ,there was a 
large frigate1 that1 with studding-sails
 set1 stood boldly up the bay1 followed 
by a dismasted three-decker1 at whose   
mizen floated the ensign of ,england    
over the ,french tri-color4 ,several    
other vessels were grouped about the    

offing1 all of them displaying ,english 
colors4  ,the dreadful secret was out4  
,there had been a tremendous sea fight1 
and the ,hoche1 of seventy-four guns1   
was the sad spectacle which1 with       
shattered sides and ragged rigging1 ,i  
now beheld entering the ,bay4 ,oh1 the  
humiliation of that sight6 ,i can never 
forget it4 ,and although on all the     
surrounding hills scarcely fifty country
 people were assembled1 ,i felt as if   
the whole of ,europe were spectators of 
our defeat4 ,the flag ,i had always     
believed triumphant now hung            
ignominiously beneath the ensign of the 
enemy1 and the decks of our noble ship  
were crowded with the uniforms of       
,english sailors and marines4  ,the blue
 water surged and spouted from the shot 
holes as the great hull loomed heavily  
from side to side1 and broken spars and 
ropes still hung over the side as she   
went1 a perfect picture of defeat4      
,never was disaster more legibly        
written4 ,i watched her till the anchor 

dropped1 and then1 in a burst of        
emotion1 ,i turned away1 unable to      
endure more4 ,as ,i hastened homeward ,i
 met the elder of my two hosts coming to
 meet me1 in considerable anxiety4 ,he  
had heard of the capture of the ,hoche1 
but his mind was far more intent on     
another and less important event4 ,two  
men had just been at his cottage with a 
warrant for my arrest4 ,the document    
bore my name and rank1 as well as a     
description of my appearance1 and       
significantly alleged1 that although    
,irish by birth1 ,i affected a foreign  
accent for the sake of concealment4     
,there is no chance of escape now1 said 
my friend2 we are surrounded with spies 
on every hand4 ,my advice is1 therefore1
 to hasten to ,lord ,cavan's            
quarters--he is now at ,letterkenny--and
 give yourself up as a prisoner4 ,there 
is at least the chance of your being    
treated like the rest of your           
countrymen4 ,i have already provided you
 with a horse and a guide1 for ,i must  

not accompany you myself4 ,go1 then1    
,maurice4 ,we shall never see each other
 again2 but we'll not forget you1 nor do
 we fear that you will forget us4 ,my   
brother could not trust himself to take 
leave of you1 but his best wishes and   
prayers go with you4  ,such were the    
last words my kind-hearted friend spoke 
to me2 nor do ,i know what reply ,i     
made1 as1 overcome by emotion1 my voice 
became thick and broken4 ,i wanted to   
tell all my gratitude1 and yet could say
 nothing4 ,to this hour ,i know not with
 what impression of me he went away4 ,i 
can only assert1 that1 in all the long  
career of vicissitudes of a troubled and
 adventurous life1 these brothers have  
occupied the chosen spot of my          
affection1 for every thing that was     
disinterested in kindness and generous  
in good feeling4  ,they have done more1 
for they have often reconciled me to a  
world of harsh injustice and            
illiberality1 by remembering that two   
such exceptions existed1 and that others

 may have experienced what fell to my   
lot4  ,for a mile or two my way lay     
through the mountains1 but after        
reaching the high road1 ,i had not      
proceeded far when ,i was overtaken by a
 jaunting-car1 on which a gentleman was 
seated1 with his leg supported by a     
cushion1 and bearing all the signs of a 
severe injury4  ,keep the near side of  
the way1 sir1 ,i beg of you1 cried he2  
,i have a broken leg1 and am excessively
 uneasy when a horse passes close to me4
  ,i touched my cap in salute1 and      
immediately turned my horse's head to   
comply with his request4  ,did you see  
that1 ,george8 cried another gentleman1 
who sat on the opposite side of the     
vehicle2 did you remark that fellow's   
salute8 ,my life on't he's a ,french    
soldier4  ,nonsense1 man--he's the      
steward of a ,clyde smack1 or a clerk in
 a counting-house1 said the first1 in a 
voice which1 though purposely low1 my   
quick hearing could catch perfectly4    
,are we far from ,letterkenny just now1 

sir8 said the other1 addressing me4  ,i 
believe about five miles1 said ,i1 with 
a prodigious effort to make my          
pronunciation pass muster4  ,you're a   
stranger in these parts1 ,i see1 sir1   
rejoined he1 with a cunning glance at   
his friend1 while he added1 lower1 ,was 
,i right1 ,hill8  ,although seeing that 
all concealment was now hopeless1 ,i was
 in no wise disposed to plead guilty at 
once1 and therefore1 with a cut of my   
switch1 pushed my beast into a sharp    
canter to get forward4  ,my friends1    
however1 gave chase1 and now the        
jaunting-car1 notwithstanding the       
sufferings of the invalid1 was          
clattering after me at about nine miles 
an hour4 ,at first ,i rather enjoyed the
 malice of the penalty their curiosity  
was costing1 but as ,i remembered that  
the invalid was not the chief offender1 
,i began to feel compunction at the     
severity of the lesson1 and drew up to a
 walk4  ,they at once shortened their   
pace1 and came up beside me4  ,a clever 

hack you're riding1 sir1 said the       
inquisitive man4  ,not so bad for an    
animal of this country1 said ,i1        
superciliously4  ,oh1 then1 what kind of
 a horse are you accustomed to8 asked   
he1 half insolently4  ,the ,limousin1   
said ,i1 coolly1 what we always mount in
 our ,hussar regiments in ,france4  ,and
 you are a ,french soldier1 then8 cried 
he1 in evident astonishment at my       
frankness4  ,at your service1 sir1 said 
,i1 saluting2 a ,lieutenant of ,hussars2
 and if you are tormented by any further
 curiosity concerning me1 ,i may as well
 relieve you by stating that ,i am      
proceeding to ,lord ,cavan's            
head-quarters1 to surrender as a        
prisoner4  ,frank enough1 that6 said he 
of the broken leg1 laughing heartily as 
he spoke4  ,well1 sir1 said the other1  
you are1 as your countrymen would call  
it1 'bien venu1' for we are bound in    
that direction ourselves1 and will be   
happy to have your company4  ,one piece 
of tact my worldly experience had       

profoundly impressed upon me1 and that  
was1 the necessity of always assuming an
 air of easy unconcern in every         
circumstance of doubtful issue4 ,there  
was quite enough of difficulty in the   
present case to excite my anxiety1 but  
,i rode along beside the jaunting-car1  
chatting familiarly with my new         
acquaintances1 and1 ,i believe1 without 
exhibiting the slightest degree of      
uneasiness regarding my own position4   
,from them ,i learned so much as they   
had heard of the late naval engagement4 
,the report was that ,bompard's fleet   
had fallen in with ,sir ,john ,warren's 
squadron1 and having given orders for   
his fastest sailers to make the best of 
their way to ,france1 had1 with the     
,hoche1 the ,loire1 and the ,resolve1   
given battle to the enemy4 ,these had   
all been captured1 as well as four      
others which fled1 two alone of the     
whole succeeding in their escape4 ,i    
think now that1 grievous as these       
tidings were1 there was nothing of      

either boastfulness or insolence in the 
tone in which they were communicated to 
me4 ,every praise was accorded to       
,bompard for skill and bravery1 and the 
defense was spoken of in terms of       
generous eulogy4 ,the only trait of     
acrimony that showed itself in the      
recital was1 a regret that a number of  
,irish rebels should have escaped in the
 ,biche1 one of the smaller frigates2   
and several emissaries of the people1   
who had been deputed to the admiral1    
were also alleged to have been on board 
of that vessel4  ,you are sorry to have 
had missed your friend1 the priest of   
,murrah1 said ,hill1 jocularly4  ,yes1  
by ,george1 that fellow should have     
graced a gallows if ,i had been lucky   
enough to have taken him4  ,what was his
 crime1 sir8 asked ,i1 with seeming     
unconcern4  ,nothing more than exciting 
to rebellion a people with whom he had  
no tie of blood or kindred6 ,he was a   
,frenchman1 and devoted himself to the  
cause of ,ireland1 as they call it1 from

 pure sympathy--  ,and a dash of popery1
 broke in ,hill4  ,it's hard to say even
 that2 my own opinion is1 that ,french  
,jacobinism cares very little for the   
pope4 ,am ,i right1 young gentleman--you
 don't go very often to confession8  ,i 
should do so less frequently if ,i were 
to be subjected to such a system of     
interrogatory as yours1 said ,i1 tartly4
  ,they both took my impertinent speech 
in good part1 and laughed heartily at   
it2 and thus1 half amicably1 half in    
earnest1 we entered the little town of  
,letterkenny1 just as night was falling4
  ,if you'll be our guest for this      
evening1 sir1 said ,hill1 we shall be   
happy to have your company4  ,i accepted
 the invitation1 and followed them into 
the inn4  7,to be continued47     ,,the 
,,unnamed ,,shell4   ,at the corner of  
the boulevard ,montmartre1 near the     
angle of the faubourg1 is situated a    
magazine of natural history1 that       
continually draws around its windows    
groups of curious idlers4 ,open the     

door1 walk in1 and1 in place of a mere  
merchant1 you will be surprised to      
encounter an artist and a scholar4 ,the 
man is still young1 yet he has explored 
a portion of ,southern ,africa2 and has 
joined in formidable chases of          
elephants1 lions1 and all the wild      
animals of those barbarous regions4 ,he 
has sought his treasures of natural     
history in ,java1 ,sumatra1 ,borneo1    
,china1 and ,cochin-,china2 has visited 
,batavia1 ,samarang and ,madura2 and    
returned to ,paris rich in knowledge and
 collections4  ,it is rarely that you   
will find him alone4 ,the laboratory of 
the boulevard ,montmartre is the        
rendezvous of all the scholars1         
travelers1 naturalists1 artists1 and    
authors1 who bask in the sunshine of    
celebrity4 ,temming1 the old glory1 yet 
with so much youth about him1 of natural
 history2 ,wilson1 collector for his    
brother in the immense undertaking of   
completing the museum of ,philadelphia2 
,philippe ,rousseau1 who bestows life   

and animation on the animals which he   
paints2 ,ledieu1 ,lon ,gozlan1 ,biard2  
,delgorgue1 the intrepid chaser of      
elephants2 ,lagronire1 who was for one  
instant on the point of becoming the    
king of a savage tribe1 and of whom     
,dumas1 in his ,thousand and ,one       
,phantoms1 has related in so improbable 
a manner a fabulous episode of real     
adventures2 ,gray1 whom ,london cites   
with pride among its naturalists2       
,mitchell1 director of the ,london      
,zoological ,gardens2 ,henry ,monnier1  
the sparkling reflection of ,molire2    
,alphonse ,karr2 ,deshayes1 for whom    
conchology and the labyrinths of its    
classifications have no further         
mysteries2 ,de ,lafresnage1 chief of    
ornithologists2 ,emile ,blanchard1 who  
spends his life in the dissection of    
living atoms1 or beings almost          
microscopical2 ,delamarre-,piquot1 who  
travels from one world to another1 to   
gather the alimentary substances with   
which he wishes to endow ,europe2 ,m4   

,michelin1 who consecrates his rare     
holidays to an unrivaled collection of  
polypi2 there they are to be found1     
every day1 studying1 admiring1 copying1 
describing1 all the strange animals that
 come from every quarter of the globe to
 this little corner of the boulevard    
,montmartre1 thence to be distributed   
among the collections of ,europe and    
,america4  ,there may one listen to     
sallies of fancy1 scientific discussion1
 episodes of likely and unlikely        
adventures1 tales that make one burst   
with laughter1 histories that fill the  
eyes with tears1 real dramas that freeze
 the soul with horror1 and of which the 
historian is almost always the hero4 ,in
 the midst of all this noise of         
conversation and going and coming1 the  
master of the establishment loses not a 
moment4 ,he issues orders1 he lends a   
helping hand2 he classes1 describes1 and
 attends to strangers3 and occasionally 
sends as presents to other museums      
unparalleled treasures of natural       

history4 ,just let us mention1 en       
passant1 that the museum of ,paris has  
been loaded for twenty years back with  
his precious gifts4 ,at each step you   
take in the galleries1 you may read his 
name inscribed upon numerous objects1   
before which the curious in such matters
 stop with surprise1 and the learned    
with admiration4  ,one evening1 he was  
laboring with his usual feverish        
activity to form collections of shells1 
according to their species1 and after   
the method of ,lamarck2 for to          
popularize science is his fervent desire
 and constant aim4 ,these collections   
would not nearly reimburse him for the  
trouble and cost bestowed upon them2 but
 they would create a few conchologists  
the more2 they would facilitate the     
studies of those who had already        
commenced their initiation into the     
marvels of a science so attractive1 by  
the beautiful objects to which it       
consecrates itself1 and this was what   
the enthusiastic savant wished above    

all4  ,ah6 said one of the visitors1    
taking up a shell1 ,i never see a       
spiral1 without calling to mind a drama 
that was once enacted here1 and which ,i
 will relate to you3  ,it was eight or  
ten years ago1 one evening1 as it might 
be to-day4 ,the smoke from five or six  
cigars filled the laboratory with its   
fantastic rings4 ,a lamp1 vailed under a
 semi-opaque shade1 served only to      
render more visible the shadows of this 
strange chamber4 ,here and there1 the   
glow from the hearth illuminated animals
 from all parts of the world1 hung at   
random upon the walls1 which they       
confusedly burdened4 ,the master of the 
magazine took up a shell which chance   
placed under his hand1 and presented it 
to a tall man1 hoary with age1 who was  
silently seated1 according to his       
custom1 a little on one side4 ,the      
stranger approached the lamp1 looked at 
the shell1 smiled1 sighed1 and placed it
 in his pocket4 ,a light crash was      
heard2 he re-seated himself1 and revived

 the fire of his half-extinguished      
cigar4 ,then1 perceiving that every one 
was looking curiously at him--',i have  
broken it1' said he2 and he threw the   
fragments of the shell upon the floor1  
and ground them beneath his heel4  ,for 
several instants there was a profound   
silence1 caused by the surprise of the  
company at this gratuitous destruction4 
,the old man continued1 with a          
melancholy smile1 ',i will tell you1    
gentlemen1 wherefore ,i broke the shell4
 ,science1 or rather its fanaticism1    
leads to strange weaknesses4 ,if my     
folly can any where find indulgence1    
surely it will be among you1 who are    
all1 more or less1 collectors4 ,perhaps1
 ,i shall even meet with some auditor   
not only capable of comprehending1 but  
likewise of imitating me4 ,this shell is
 a spiral that has never been either    
named or copied4 ,i possess in my       
collection the only similar one that is 
known to the scientific world4 ,i       
procured it1 ten years ago1 from this   

magazine4 ,the first time that ,i saw   
this unique shell1 my heart beat with   
joy1' continued the old man1 with a     
voice that had regained all the energy  
of youth4 ',i was poor1 but ,i must have
 it at whatever price4 ,i carried it    
home with me1 and passed entire days in 
contemplating it1 and examining its     
minutest details4 ,two years were       
necessary to make up its price--two     
entire years of privation4 ,each month1 
,i carried the dealer small sums1 often 
spared from my most pressing            
necessities4 ,what mattered it8 ,i      
possessed the shell2 it was mine alone2 
no one could show me its like4 ,i would 
not permit any one to describe it4      
,when1 on rare occasions1 ,i displayed  
it to some initiated ones1 it was upon  
the condition that they would not speak 
of it in their faunas4 ,a lover madly   
enamored1 is not more jealous than ,i   
then was1 than ,i still am1 of this     
treasure4 ,when the two years of which  
,i have spoken had elapsed1 and ,i had  

paid the price of my dear spiral1 ,i    
came here one evening as usual4 ,on     
opening1 according to my custom1 one of 
the boxes that contain the shells1 ,i   
uttered a cry4 ,i had found another     
spiral similar to that which ,i         
possessed6 ,judge of my sorrow1 of my   
despair4 ,my shell was no longer unique4
 ,another collection possessed a        
treasure similar to mine4 ,a cold sweat 
bathed my forehead4 ,though very poor1  
though ,i had resigned the little       
employment which ,i had held in an      
office1 and my humble allowance was     
transformed into a pension more humble  
still1 ,i hesitated not4 ,i bought the  
shell1 and carried it with me1 but this 
time without joy4 ,i possessed several  
good pictures1 dear and old heirlooms   
belonging to my family4 ,i sold them to 
pay for the shell1 which ,i broke as    
soon as ,i had made up the price4 ,three
 years more elapsed1 and poverty weighed
 down my old age more and more4 ,the    
failure of a bank had deprived me of a  

little sum of money1 the interest of    
which1 added to my pension1 had enabled 
me to live1 and to augment1 from time to
 time1 my collection of a few good      
shells4 ,deprived of this enjoyment1 the
 only one that remained to me1 ,i had no
 consolation but in the possession of   
the treasure-hoard which ,i could no    
longer increase4 ,my precious spiral    
often detained me before it for hours4  
,one evening 7never shall ,i forget1 the
 sorrow the sight cost me71 ,i beheld   
here--there--in that box--three spirals 
like mine6 ,maledictions hovered about  
my lips4 ,i took the shells in my       
fingers1 ,i slowly examined them1 and   
returned them to my friend4 ',i can not 
buy them1' ,i said4 ,he raised his eyes1
 he saw my palor and my tears--my tears1
 gentlemen1 for ,i wept6 ,he smiled1    
took a hammer1 and pulverized the three 
precious shells4 ,you saw what he did   
just now4 ,god bless him for his        
disinterestedness1 and his devotion to  
an old friend6 ,i should die of despair1

 gentlemen1 if1 during my life1 another 
possessed a spiral like mine4'          
,speaking thus1 the old man rose1 and   
left us1 enveloping himself1 as well as 
he could1 in his fragmentary cloak4     
,one morning1 three or four years ago1  
,god separated the fanatic conchologist 
from the collection that was his life4  
,they found the aged man seated before  
his cabinet1 opposite to his unique     
spiral4 ,he had died alone1 with his    
eyes fixed upon that which had possessed
 his affections during so many years4   
,his collection has now reverted to the 
friend who showed so much sympathy with 
his jealousy and insensate passion4  ,by
 a strange caprice of fortune1 no other 
spiral similar to his has since arrived 
in ,europe4 ,it still remains unique and
 nameless1 as when he possessed it4 ,for
 the rest1 this spiral1 which occupied  
so large a place in the existence and   
affections of a scientific man1 has1 for
 a common eye1 nothing in its appearance
 to justify the intense passion that it 

inspired4 ,its rarity constitutes its   
value4 ,one of our most learned         
conchologists is now engaged1 in        
describing1 classing1 and publishing a  
drawing of it4 ,we hope that1 in memory 
of its first possessor1 he will give it 
the name of l'hlice innominata1 the     
nameless spiral4     ,,the ,,story ,,of 
,,giovanni ,,belzoni4   ,one day in the 
beginning of the year #ahjc1 ,mr4 ,salt1
 whose name has since become so         
celebrated among the discoverers of     
,egyptian antiquities1 observed before  
one of the public rooms of ,edinburgh1 a
 great crowd assembled4 ,for almost     
every one there exists a mysterious     
attraction in the sight of a number of  
people1 and ,mr4 ,salt1 no wiser than   
his neighbors1 pushed his way1 when the 
doors were opened1 into the room4       
,there1 on a sort of stage1 he saw a    
tall and powerfully-built young man1    
performing various gymnastic exercises1 
and feats of strength4 ,while this      
,hercules in tinsel was lifting enormous

 weights1 and jumping from a table over 
the heads of twelve men1 a pretty1      
delicate-looking young woman1 was       
arranging some hydraulic machines and   
musical glasses1 with which the         
entertainment was to terminate4 ,as the 
price of admission was nominal1 she     
occasionally also handed round a small  
wooden bowl1 in order to collect        
gratuities from the spectators4  ,very  
few of those who were enjoying the      
exhibition gave any thing2 and when the 
young woman approached her husband1 and 
showed him the few coins she had        
received1 he hastened to terminate his  
performance4 ,mr4 ,salt pitied the poor 
fellow1 and as the young woman was      
passing1 said to her3  ,you forgot to   
present your bowl for my contribution4  
,here it is4  ,he slipped a silver coin 
into her hand4 ,both she and her husband
 thanked him warmly2 the latter in      
broken ,english1 and with an ,italian   
accent4  ,mr4 ,salt1 who had but just   
returned from ,rome1 replied in         

,italian2 and1 perceiving in the        
stranger's manner of expressing himself 
a degree of refinement not to be        
expected from a mountebank1 asked him   
whence he came1 and what was his        
history8  ,six months ago1 sir1 replied 
the man1 if any man had told me that ,i 
should be reduced to earn my bread by   
exhibiting my strength in public1 ,i    
should have felt greatly inclined to    
knock him down4 ,i came to ,england for 
the purpose of making known some        
hydraulic machines of my invention2 but 
the spirit of routine1 and the love of  
ignorance1 closed every avenue against  
me4 ,previously1 before losing all my   
hopes of success1 ,i married this young 
girl4 ,had ,i been alone in the world1  
,i verily believe that the bitter       
destruction of my expectations would    
have rendered me careless of supporting 
life2 but how could ,i leave her in     
misery8  ,but why not try to display    
your really extraordinary strength and  
dexterity under more favorable          

circumstances8 ,why do you not offer    
your services to some theatrical        
manager8  ,hungry people1 sir1 can not  
wait4 ,i did not think of resorting to  
this method of earning a piece of bread1
 until ,i saw my wife ready to perish   
for the want of it4  ,the kind ,mr4     
,salt not only relieved his immediate   
wants1 but offered to recommend him and 
his wife to the manager of ,astley's    
,circus1 in ,london4 ,gratefully and    
eagerly did the wanderers accept this   
offer2 and while1 in company with their 
benefactor1 who paid for their places on
 the coach1 they journeyed toward town1 
the man related his history4 ,born at   
,padua1 the son of a poor barber1 and   
one of fourteen children1 ,giovanni     
,battista ,belzoni felt from his        
earliest youth a longing desire to visit
 foreign lands4 ,this truant disposition
 was fostered1 if not caused1 by the    
stories of maritime adventures told him 
by an old sailor2 who was strongly      
suspected of having1 during many years1 

practiced the profession of a pirate4   
,the reading1 or rather devouring1 of a 
translated copy of ,robinson ,crusoe    
7and it is a most remarkable            
circumstance that the book which has for
 its avowed purpose the disheartening of
 restless adventurers1 should have made 
wanderers and voyagers innumerable71    
gave form and fixedness to his purpose  
of rambling2 and1 in company with his   
youngest brother1 the boy set out one   
fine morning1 without any intention but 
the somewhat vague one of traveling to  
seek their fortune4 ,the young fugitives
 walked several miles1 without knowing1 
in the least1 whither they were going1  
when a peddler1 who was riding slowly by
 in a cart1 accosted them1 and asked if 
they were going to ,ferrara4 ,belzoni1  
although he never heard the name before1
 immediately answered in the            
affirmative4 ,the good-natured merchant1
 pleased with the countenances1 and     
pitying the tired looks of the children1
 not only gave them a place in his      

vehicle1 but shared with them his       
luncheon of bread1 cheese1 and fruit4   
,that night they occupied part of their 
companion's lodging2 but next day1 as   
his business required him to stop at the
 village where they slept1 the two boys 
took leave of him1 and pursued their    
journey4 ,their next adventure was not  
so fortunate4 ,meeting an empty return  
carriage1 they asked the vetturino to   
give them a ride2 and he consenting1    
they joyfully got in4 ,arrived at       
,ferrara1 the vetturino asked them for  
money4 ,giovanni1 astonished1 replied   
that they had none2 and the unfeeling   
man stripped the poor children of their 
upper garments1 leaving them half-naked 
and penniless in the streets of an      
unknown city4 ,giovanni's undaunted     
spirit would have led him still to      
persevere in the wild-goose chase which 
had lured him from his home2 but his    
brother ,antonio wept1 and complained so
 loudly1 that he was fain to console the
 child by consenting to retrace their   

steps to ,padua4 ,that night1 clasped in
 each other's arms1 they slept beneath a
 doorway1 and the next morning set out  
for their native city1 begging their    
food on the journey4  ,the severe       
chastisement which ,giovanni1 as the    
instigator of this escapade1 received on
 his return1 did not in anywise cure his
 love of rambling4 ,he submitted1       
however1 to learn his father's trade1   
and at the age of eighteen1 armed with  
shaving and hair-cutting implements1 he 
set out for ,rome1 and there exercised  
the occupation of a barber with success4
 ,after some time1 he became deeply     
attached to a girl who1 after           
encouraging his addresses1 deserted him 
and married a wealthy rival4 ,this      
disappointment preyed so deeply on      
,belzoni1 that1 renouncing at the same  
time love and the razor1 the world and  
the brazen bowl of suds1 he entered a   
convent1 and became a ,capuchin4 ,the   
leisure of the cloister was employed by 
him in the study of hydraulics2 and he  

was busy in constructing an ,artesian   
well within the monastic precincts when 
the ,french army under ,napoleon took   
possession of ,rome4 ,the monks of every
 order were expelled and dispersed2 and 
our poor ,capuchin1 obliged to cut his  
own beard1 purchased once more the      
implements of his despised calling1 and 
traveled into ,holland1 the             
head-quarters of hydraulics1 which were 
still his passion4 ,the ,dutch did not  
encourage him1 and he came to this      
country4 ,here he met his future wife1  
and consoled himself for his past       
misfortunes by marrying one who proved1 
through weal and woe1 a fond and        
faithful partner4 ,the crude hydraulic  
inventions of a wandering ,italian were 
as little heeded here1 as on the        
,continent2 and we have already seen the
 expedient to which ,belzoni was obliged
 to have recourse when ,mr4 ,salt met   
him in ,edinburgh4  ,having reached     
,london1 the kind antiquary introduced  
his protgs to the manager of ,astley's4 

,the practiced eye of the renowned      
equestrian immediately appreciated at   
their value the beauty and athletic     
vigor of the ,paduan ,goliath2 and he   
engaged both him and his wife at a      
liberal salary4 ,he caused a piece1     
entitled ,the ,twelve ,labors of        
,hercules to be arranged expressly for  
his new performers2 and ,mr4 ,salt had  
soon afterward the satisfaction of      
seeing ,giovanni ,belzoni appear on the 
stage1 carrying twelve men on his arms  
and shoulders1 while madame1 in the     
costume of ,cupid1 stood at the top1 as 
the apex of a pyramid1 and waved a tiny 
crimson flag4  ,after some time1 ,mr4   
,salt went to ,egypt as consul1 and     
there became acquainted with ,signor    
,drouetti4 ,the two friends1 equally    
enthusiastic on the subject of ,egyptian
 antiquities1 set to work to prosecute  
researches1 with an ardor of rivalship  
which approached somewhat too nearly to 
jealousy4 ,each aspired to undertake the
 boldest expeditions1 and to attempt the

 most hazardous excavations4 ,but the   
great object of their ambition was an   
enormous bust of ,memnon1 in            
rose-colored granite1 which lay half    
buried in the sand on the left bank of  
the ,nile4  ,signor ,drouetti had failed
 in all his attempts to raise it1 nor   
was ,mr4 ,salt a whit more successful4  
,one day1 while the latter was thinking 
what a pity it was that such a precious 
monument should be left to perish by    
decay1 a stranger asked to speak with   
him4 ,mr4 ,salt desired him to be       
admitted2 and immediately1 despite his  
visitor's ,oriental garb and long beard1
 he recognized the ,hercules of         
,astley's4  ,what has brought you to    
,egypt8 asked the astonished consul4    
,you shall hear1 sir1 replied the       
,italian4 ,after having completed my    
engagement in ,london1 ,i set out for   
,lisbon1 where ,i was employed by the   
manager of the theatre of ,san ,carlo to
 perform the part of ,samson1 in a      
scriptural piece which had been arranged

 expressly for me4 ,from thence ,i went 
to ,madrid1 where ,i appeared with      
applause in the theatre ,della ,puerta  
del ,sol4 ,after having collected a     
tolerable sum of money1 ,i resolved to  
come here4 ,my first object is to induce
 the ,pasha to adopt an hydraulic       
machine for raising the waters of the   
,nile4  ,mr4 ,salt then explained his   
wishes respecting the antiquities2 but  
,belzoni1 could not1 he said1 enter upon
 that till he had carried out his scheme
 of water-works4  ,he was accompanied1  
he said in continuation1 by ,mrs4       
,belzoni1 and by an ,irish lad of the   
name of ,james ,curtain2 and had reached
 ,alexandria just as the plague was     
beginning to disappear from that city1  
as it always does on the approach of    
,st4 ,john's day1 when1 as almost every 
body knows1 out of respect for the      
saint1 it entirely ceases4 ,the state of
 the country was still very alarming1   
yet ,mr4 ,belzoni and his little party  
ventured to land1 and performed         

quarantine in the ,french quarter2      
where1 though really very unwell1 they  
were wise enough to disguise their      
situation2 for the plague is so dreadful
 a scourge1 he observed1 and operates so
 powerfully on human fears and human    
prejudices1 that1 during its prevalence1
 if a man be ill1 he must be ill of the 
plague1 and if he die1 he must have died
 of the plague4  ,belzoni went straight 
to ,cairo1 where he was well received by
 ,mr4 ,baghos1 interpreter to ,mohammed 
,ali1 to whom ,mr4 ,salt recommended    
him4 ,mr4 ,baghos immediately prepared  
to introduce him to the ,pasha1 that he 
might come to some arrangement          
respecting the hydraulic machine1 which 
he proposed to construct for watering   
the gardens of the seraglio4 ,as they   
were proceeding toward the palace1      
through one of the principal streets of 
,cairo1 a fanatical ,mussulman struck   
,mr4 ,belzoni so fiercely on the leg    
with his staff1 that it tore away a     
large piece of flesh4 ,the blow was     

severe1 and the discharge of blood      
copious1 and he was obliged to be       
conveyed home1 where he remained under  
cure thirty days before he could support
 himself on the wounded leg4 ,when able 
to leave the house1 he was presented to 
the ,pasha1 who received him very       
civilly2 but on being told of the       
misfortune which had happened to him1   
contented himself with coolly observing 
that such accidents could not be avoided
 where there were troops4  ,an          
arrangement was immediately concluded   
for erecting a machine which was to     
raise as much water with one ox as the  
ordinary ones do with four4 ,mr4        
,belzoni soon found1 however1 that he   
had many prejudices to encounter1 and   
many obstacles to overcome1 on the part 
of those who were employed in the       
construction of the work1 as well as of 
those who owned the cattle engaged in   
drawing water for the ,pasha's gardens4 
,the fate of a machine which had been   
sent from ,england taught him to augur  

no good for that which he had undertaken
 to construct4 ,though of the most      
costly description1 and every way equal 
to perform what it was calculated to do1
 it had failed to answer the            
unreasonable expectations of the        
,turks--because the quantity of water   
raised by it was not sufficient to      
inundate the whole country in an        
hour6--which was their measure of the   
power of an ,english water-wheel4  ,when
 that of ,belzoni was completed1 the    
,pasha proceeded to the gardens of      
,soubra to witness its effect4 ,the     
machine was set to work1 and1 although  
constructed of bad materials1 and of    
unskillful workmanship1 its powers were 
greater than had been contracted for2   
yet the ,arabs1 from interested motives1
 declared against it4 ,the ,pasha1      
however1 though evidently disappointed1 
admitted that it was equal to four of   
the ordinary kind1 and1 consequently1   
accorded with the agreement4 ,unluckily1
 he took it into his head to have the   

oxen removed1 and1 by way of frolic1 to 
see what effect could be produced by    
putting fifteen men into the wheel4 ,the
 ,irish lad got in with them2 but no    
sooner had the wheel begun to turn than 
the ,arabs jumped out1 leaving the lad  
alone in it4 ,the wheel1 relieved from  
its load1 flew back with such velocity1 
that poor ,curtain was flung out1 and in
 the fall broke one of his thighs2 and1 
being entangled in the machinery1 would1
 in all probability1 have lost his life1
 had not ,belzoni applied his prodigious
 strength to the wheel1 and stopped it4 
,the accident1 however1 was fatal to the
 project and to the future hopes of the 
projector4  ,at that time the insolence 
of the ,turkish officers of the         
,pashalic was at its height1 and the    
very sight of a dog of a ,christian     
raised the ire of the more bigoted      
followers of the ,prophet4 ,while at    
,soubra1 which is close to ,cairo1      
,belzoni had a narrow escape from       
assassination4 ,he relates the adventure

 in his work on ,egypt3  ,some          
particular business calling me to       
,cairo4 ,i was on my ass in one of the  
narrow streets1 where ,i met a loaded   
camel4 ,the space that remained between 
the camel and the wall was so little1   
that ,i could scarcely pass2 and at that
 moment ,i was met by a ,binbashi1 a    
subaltern officer1 at the head of his   
men4 ,for the instant ,i was the only   
obstacle that prevented his proceeding  
on the road2 and ,i could neither       
retreat nor turn round1 to give him room
 to pass4 ,seeing it was a ,frank who   
stopped his way1 he gave me a violent   
blow on my stomach4 ,not being          
accustomed to put up with such          
salutations1 ,i returned the compliment 
with my whip across his naked shoulders4
 ,instantly he took his pistol out of   
his belt2 ,i jumped off my ass2 he      
retired about two yards1 pulled the     
trigger1 fired at my head1 singed the   
hair near my right ear1 and killed one  
of his own soldiers1 who1 by this time1 

had come behind me4 ,finding that he had
 missed his aim1 he took a second       
pistol2 but his own soldiers assailed   
and disarmed him4 ,a great noise arose  
in the street1 and1 as it happened to be
 close to the seraglio in the ,esbakie1 
some of the guards ran up2 but on seeing
 what the matter was1 they interfered   
and stopped the ,binbashi4 ,i thought my
 company was not wanted1 so ,i mounted  
my charger1 and rode off4 ,i went to    
,mr4 ,baghos1 and told him what had     
happened4 ,we repaired immediately to   
the citadel1 saw the ,pasha1 and related
 the circumstance to him4 ,he was much  
concerned1 and wished to know where the 
soldier was1 but observed that it was   
too late that evening to have him taken 
up4 ,however1 he was apprehended the    
next day1 and ,i never heard or knew any
 thing more about him4 ,such a lesson on
 the subject was not lost upon me2 and  
,i took good care1 in future1 not to    
give the least opportunity of the kind  
to men of that description1 who can     

murder an ,european with as much        
indifference as they would kill an      
insect4  ,ruined by the loss of all his 
savings1 which he had spent in the      
construction of his water machines1     
,belzoni once more applied to ,mr4      
,salt1 and undertook the furtherance of 
his scheme1 to convey to ,england the   
bust of ,memnon4 ,so eager was he1 that 
the same day1 the ,italian set out for  
the ruins of ,thebes1 and hired a       
hundred natives1 whom he made clear away
 the sand which half covered the stone  
colossus4 ,with a large staff in his    
hand1 ,belzoni commanded his army of    
,mussulmans1 directed their labors1     
astonished them with displays of his    
physical strength1 learned to speak     
their language with marvelous facility1 
and speedily came to be regarded by them
 as a superior being1 endowed with      
magical power4  ,one day1 however1 his  
money failed2 and at the same time the  
rising of the ,nile destroyed in two    
hours1 the work of three months4 ,the   

fellahs rebeled3 one of them rushed     
toward ,belzoni1 intending to strike him
 with his dagger4 ,the ,italian coolly  
waited his approach1 disarmed him2 and  
then1 seizing him by the feet1 lifted   
him as though he had been a hazel wand1 
and began to inflict vigorous blows on  
the other insurgents with this novel and
 extemporary weapon of defense4 ,the    
lesson was not thrown away3 very        
speedily the fellahs returned to their  
duty2 and after eighteen days' incessant
 labor1 ,memnon trembled at his base1   
and was moved toward the bank of the    
,nile4  ,the embarkation of this        
enormous statue presented difficulties  
almost as great as those which attended 
its disinterment and land transport4    
,nevertheless1 the intelligence and     
perseverance of ,belzoni surmounted     
every obstacle2 and he brought his      
wondrous conquest to ,london1 where its 
arrival produced a sensation similar to 
that caused more recently in ,paris by  
the sight of the ,obelisk of ,luxor4    

,loaded with praise1 and also with more 
substantial gifts1 ,belzoni1 now become 
an important personage1 returned to     
,egypt and to his friend ,mr4 ,salt4    
,the latter proposed to him to go up the
 ,nile1 and attempt the removal of the  
sand-hills which covered the principal  
portion of the magnificent temple of    
,ebsamboul4 ,belzoni readily consented1 
set out for ,lower ,nubia1 ventured     
boldly among the savage tribes who      
wander through the sandy desert2        
returning to ,thebes1 he was rewarded1  
not only by the success of his special  
mission1 but also by discovering the    
temple of ,luxor4  ,in all his          
undertakings1 however enterprising1     
,belzoni was aided and cheered by the   
presence of his wife4 ,the expedition to
 ,nubia was1 however1 thought too       
hazardous for her to undertake4 ,but in 
the absence of her husband she was not  
idle2 she dug up the statue of ,jupiter 
,ammon1 with the ram's head on his knee2
 which is now in the ,british ,museum4  

,the temple of ,luxor had been so       
completely and for so long a period1    
buried in sand1 that even its existence 
remained unsuspected4 ,it had been      
dedicated to ,isis by the ,queen of     
,rameses the ,great2 and the            
descriptions which travelers give of it1
 resemble those of the palaces in the   
,arabian ,nights4 ,four colossal        
figures1 sixty-one feet in height1 are  
seated in front4 ,eight others1         
forty-eight in height1 and standing up1 
support the roof of the principal inner 
hall1 in which gigantic bas-reliefs     
represent the whole history of ,rameses4
 ,sixteen other halls1 scarcely smaller 
than the first1 display1 in all their   
primitive splendor1 many gorgeous       
paintings1 and the mysterious forms of  
myriads of statues4  ,after this        
discovery1 ,belzoni took up his         
temporary abode in the valley of ,biban 
el ,mouloch 7,tombs of the ,kings74 ,he 
had already remarked there1 among the   
rocks1 a fissure of a peculiar form1 and

 which was evidently the work of man4   
,he caused this opening to be enlarged1 
and soon discovered the entrance to a   
long corridor1 whose walls were covered 
with sculptures and hieroglyphical      
paintings4 ,a deep fosse and a wall     
barred the further end of the cave2 but 
he broke a passage through1 and found a 
second vault1 in which stood an         
alabaster sarcophagus1 covered with     
hieroglyphics4 ,he took possession of   
this and sent it safely to ,europe4 ,his
 own account of these difficulties is   
extremely interesting3  ,of some of     
these tombs many persons could not      
withstand the suffocating air1 which    
often causes fainting4 ,a vast quantity 
of dust rises1 so fine that it enters   
the throat and nostrils1 and chokes the 
nose and mouth to such a degree1 that it
 requires great power of lungs to resist
 it and the strong effluvia of the      
mummies4 ,this is not all2 the entry or 
passage where the bodies are is roughly 
cut in the rocks1 and the falling of the

 sand from the upper part or ceiling of 
the passage causes it to be nearly      
filled up4 ,in some places there is not 
more than the vacancy of a foot left1   
which you must contrive to pass through 
in a creeping posture1 like a snail1 on 
pointed and keen stones1 that cut like  
glass4 ,after getting through these     
passages1 some of them two or three     
hundred yards long1 you generally find a
 more commodious place1 perhaps high    
enough to sit4 ,but what a place of     
rest6 surrounded by bodies1 by heaps of 
mummies in all directions2 which1       
previous to my being accustomed to the  
sight1 impressed me with horror4 ,the   
blackness of the walls1 the faint light 
given by the candles or torches for want
 of air1 the different objects that     
surrounded me1 seeming to converse with 
each other1 and the ,arabs1 with the    
candles or torches in their hands1 naked
 and covered with dust1 themselves      
resembling living mummies1 absolutely   
formed a scene that can not be          

described4 ,in such a situation ,i found
 myself several times1 and often        
returned exhausted and fainting1 till at
 last ,i became inured to it1 and       
indifferent to what ,i suffered1 except 
from the dust which never failed to     
choke my throat and nose2 and though1   
fortunately1 ,i am destitute of the     
sense of smelling1 ,i could taste that  
the mummies were rather unpleasant to   
swallow4 ,after the exertion of entering
 into such a place1 through a passage of
 fifty1 a hundred1 three hundred1 or    
perhaps six hundred yards1 nearly       
overcome1 ,i sought a resting-place1    
found one1 and contrived to sit2 but    
when my weight bore on the body of an   
,egyptian1 it crushed it like a         
band-box4 ,i naturally had recourse to  
my hands to sustain my weight1 but they 
found no better support2 so that ,i sunk
 altogether among the broken mummies1   
with a crash of bones1 rags1 and wooden 
cases1 which raised such a dust as kept 
me motionless for a quarter of an hour1 

waiting till it subsided again4 ,i could
 not remove from the place1 however1    
without increasing it1 and every step ,i
 took ,i crushed a mummy in some part or
 other4 ,once ,i was conducted from such
 a place to another resembling it1      
through a passage of about twenty feet  
in length1 and no wider than that a body
 could be forced through4 ,it was choked
 with mummies1 and ,i could not pass    
without putting my face in contact with 
that of some decayed ,egyptian2 but as  
the passage inclined downward1 my own   
weight helped me on3 however1 ,i could  
not avoid being covered with bones1     
legs1 arms1 and heads rolling from      
above4 ,thus ,i proceeded from one cave 
to another1 all full of mummies piled up
 in various ways--some standing1 some   
lying1 and some on their heads4         
,afterward1 ,belzoni traveled to the    
shores of the ,red ,sea1 inspected the  
ruins of ,berenice2 then returned to    
,cairo1 and directed excavations to be  
made at the bases of the great pyramids 

of ,ghizeh2 penetrated into that of     
,chephren--which had hitherto been      
inaccessible to ,europeans--and         
discovered within it the sacred chamber 
where repose the hallowed bones of the  
bull ,apis4 ,the ,valley of ,faioum1 the
 ,lake ,moeris1 the ruins of ,arsino1   
the sands of ,libya1 all yielded up     
their secrets to his dauntless spirit of
 research4 ,he visited the oasis of     
,el-,cassar1 and the ,fountain of the   
,sun2 strangled in his arms two         
treacherous guides who tried to         
assassinate him2 and then left ,egypt1  
and returned to ,padua with his wife4   
,the son of the humble barber had now   
become a rich and celebrated personage4 
,a triumphal entry was prepared for him2
 and the municipal authorities of his   
native city met him at the gate1 and    
presented him with an address4          
,manfredini was commissioned to engrave 
a medal which should commemorate the    
history of the illustrious traveler4    
,england1 however1 soon claimed him2 and

 on his arrival in ,london1 he was      
received with the same honors as in his 
own country4 ,then he published an      
account of his travels1 under the       
following title3 ,narrative of the      
,operations and recent ,discoveries in  
the ,pyramids1 ,temples1 ,tombs1 and    
,cities of ,egypt and ,nubia1 c4  ,in   
#ahbb1 ,belzoni returned to ,africa1    
with the intention of penetrating to    
,timbuctoo4 ,passing in the following   
year from the ,bight of ,benin toward   
,houssa1 he was attacked with dysentery2
 was carried back to ,gato1 and thence  
put on board an ,english vessel lying   
off the coast4 ,there1 with much        
firmness and resignation1 he prepared to
 meet his end4 ,he intrusted the captain
 with a large amethyst to be given to   
his wife1 and also with a letter which  
he wrote to his companion through good  
and evil days4 ,soon afterward1 he      
breathed his last4 ,they buried him at  
,gato1 at the foot of a large tree1 and 
engraved on his tomb the following      

epitaph in ,english--  ,here lies       
,belzoni1 who died at this place1 on his
 way to ,timbuctoo1 ,december #c;d1     
#ahbc4  ,belzoni was but forty-five     
years old when he died4 ,a statue of him
 was erected at ,padua1 on the #dth of  
,july1 #ahbg4 ,very recently1 the       
government of ,great ,britain bestowed  
on his widow the tardy solace of a small
 pension4  ,giovanni ,belzoni1 the once 
starving mountebank1 became one of the  
most illustrious men in ,europe6--an    
encouraging example to all those who    
have not only sound heads to project1   
but stout hearts to execute4            
,,phantoms ,,and ,,realities4--,,an     
,,autobiography4  7,continued from ,page
 #fac47  ,,part ,,the ,,second--,,noon4 
,v4  ,to reason upon the effects of the 
discovery1 or confession of our         
feelings1 was not a process for which   
either of us was qualified by           
temperament or inclination4 ,we did not 
pause to consider whether it was prudent
 to take our hearts and natures for     

granted all at once1 and risk upon the  
strange delight of a single moment of   
luxurious emotion the happiness1        
perhaps1 of a whole lifetime4 ,we did   
not stop to ask if there were any       
obstacles in the way1 any jarring chords
 to be attuned1 any thing to be known or
 thought of into which our position     
demanded a scrutiny4 ,we resigned       
ourselves at once to our impulses4 ,we  
believed that we had seen enough of the 
world1 and were strong enough in our    
self-sustaining power1 and clear enough 
in our penetration1 to dispense with    
ordinary safeguards1 and act as if we   
were superior to them4 ,we made our own 
world1 and so went on as if we could    
control the planet in which we lived at 
our own will and pleasure4  ,i soon     
perceived that my attentions to ,astra  
had become a subject of much remark4    
,the peering coterie about us were so   
vigilant in matters of that kind1 that1 
as it appeared afterward1 they had found
 out the fact before it had taken place4

 ,for my own part1 there was nobody half
 so much surprised at the circumstance  
as ,i was myself4 ,i believed that the  
heart1 like that plant which is said to 
blow once and die1 was incapable of a   
second growth of love2 but ,i now felt  
the fallacy of that doctrine1 and was at
 first humiliated by the discovery4 ,it 
struck me like a great heresy against   
truth and purity2 it seemed to lay bare 
before me the corruptibility and        
feebleness of poor human nature4 ,to    
strive against it1 however1 was idle4   
,the second growth was in full flower1  
yet with a difference from the first1   
which ,i could detect even against the  
grain of the passion that was           
subjugating me4 ,i felt that the second 
growth was less simple and devotional   
than the first2 that it had more        
exuberance1 and was of a wilder         
character2 that it struck not its roots 
so deeply1 but spread its blossoms more 
widely2 that it was less engrossing1 but
 more agitating2 that it was cultivated 

with greater consciousness and          
premeditation1 risked with more caution1
 fed with more prudence1 and tended more
 constantly--but all with a lesser waste
 of the imagination2 that its delights  
were more fervid but less appeasing2    
that it looked not so much into the     
future with hope and promise1 as it     
filled the present with rapture2 that   
its memories were neither so sad nor so 
vivid1 and that it let in caprice1 and  
vanity1 and unreasonableness1 and       
self-love1 and the world's esteem1 which
 are all as dust in the balance1 or a   
feather in the whirlwind1 to impetuous  
love4 ,i was amazed to find myself a    
daily waiter upon beauty4 ,yet so it    
was4 ,the vision of ,gertrude was now   
gone from my path--the spectre had      
vanished in the broad light of the new  
passion4  ,still1 while ,i paid my court
 to ,astra1 it was not with any         
intention of publicity1 but furtively1  
as if a private dread hung over us1 or  
as if we thought it pleasanter to vail  

our feelings from observation4 ,we      
understood each other in silent looks1  
which we supposed to be unintelligible  
to every body else2 she seemed to avoid1
 designedly1 all appearance of interest 
in me1 and sometimes played the part to 
such admiration1 as to give me not a few
 passing pangs of doubt and uneasiness2 
and ,i1 seeing how scrupulous she was on
 that point1 and not choosing to incur  
rude jests at her expense1 was equally  
unwilling to betray a feeling which was 
rendered the more delicious by secrecy4 
,we imagined ourselves secure2 but      
neither of us could have had much       
worldly sagacity or we must have known  
that all our caution was fruitless4     
,basilisks' eyes were around us1 and we 
trod a path beset with serpents4        
,fortunately we were both looked up to  
as persons who could not be approached  
with familiarity2 and that preserved us 
from the open badinage to which others1 
in similar circumstances1 might have    
been subjected4  ,alone1 and liberated  

from this vexatious surveillance1 we    
gave free vent to our thoughts4 ,the    
suddenness of our new confidence1 and   
the rapidity with which we already      
shaped its issues1 bewildered us by the 
intensity of the emotions that came     
crowding for speech and explanation4    
,astra sometimes had misgivings1        
although she never knew how to give them
 a definite form4 ,one day she said to  
me1 ,we are wrong in giving way to this 
feeling4 ,it is not a love likely to    
procure us peace4 ,i say this to you    
because ,i feel it--perhaps1 because ,i 
know it2 but ,i confess myself unable to
 argue upon a question upon which my    
reason1 my whole being is held in       
suspense4 ,i say so1 simply because ,i  
ought to say so1 and not because ,i am  
prepared of myself to act1 or even to   
advise4 ,i am like a leaf in a tempest1 
and can not guide myself4 ,i yield to   
the irresistible power that has swept me
 from the firm land1 and deprived me of 
the strength to regain it4  ,i fancied  

that this left me but one course to     
take1 and ,i replied1 ,we have          
pronounced our destiny1 ,astra1 for good
 or for evil4 ,we ought to have no      
choice but to abide by it4 ,if you do   
not fail in your faith1 mine is         
irrevocable4  ,at these words she looked
 gravely at me1 and answered1  ,my faith
 dies with me4 ,it is a part of my life4
 ,it was not taken up in an hour1 to be 
as lightly thrown aside4 ,without it1   
life would be insupportable2 with it1   
life in any shape of seclusion1         
privation1 banishment1 contains all the 
blessings ,i covet upon earth4 ,it was  
not for that1 or of that ,i spoke4      
,understand me clearly1 and put no      
construction on my words outside their  
plain and ordinary meaning4 ,all ,i ask1
 all that is necessary for me is your   
society2 to hear you speak1 to drink in 
the words of kindness and power that    
flow from your lips1 to be ever near    
you1 to tend1 solace1 and console you4  
,i should be content to enjoy the       

privilege of seeing that you were happy1
 without even aspiring to the higher    
glory of creating happiness for you4    
,that is my nature--capable of a wider  
range1 and a loftier flight1 but        
happiest in its devotion4 ,in any       
capacity ,i will serve you--and feel    
that the servitude of love is dominion6 
,so firm and constant was the character 
of ,astra1 tinged with a romantic       
inspiration1 that all this homage was   
serious and real1 and issued gravely    
from her heart through her lips4 ,she   
meant every syllable she spoke in its   
true sense2 and ,i felt that she was    
ready to fulfill it1 and sustain it to  
the end4 ,she believed that all         
endurances were possible for love's     
sake1 and that she could even enact     
miracles of stoicism in the strength of 
her fidelity4  ,for many months our     
intercourse1 always thus sophisticating 
its aims and interpretations1 was       
carried on in secret4 ,we had become    
necessary to each other2 but being still

 shut up in our mystery1 we had not made
 as much advance toward any definite    
result as one single moment of          
disclosure to the people we were among  
would have inevitably compelled us to   
decide upon4 ,we were very prudent in   
our outward bearing1 and hardly aware of
 the avidity with which the concealed   
passion was devouring our hearts4  ,the 
dwarf followed me1 and hovered about me 
more than ever4 ,but ,i learned to bear 
with him on account of his being in the 
house with ,astra4 ,any body who was    
constantly in her society1 and admitted 
to terms of intimacy with her1 was      
welcome to me--as relics from the altar 
of a saint are welcome to the devotee1  
or a leaf snatched1 from a tree in the  
haunts of home is welcome to the exile4 
,it was a pleasure when ,i met him even 
to ask for ,astra1 to have an excuse for
 uttering her name1 or to hear him speak
 of her1 or to speak of her myself1 or  
to talk of any thing that we had before 
talked of together4 ,such are the       

resources1 the feints1 the stratagems1  
the foibles of love6   ,,vi4  ,one night
 my indefatigable ,mephistophiles took  
me to a tavern4 ,he was in a vagrant    
mood1 and ,i indulged him4  ,come1 we   
shall see life to-night1 he said4  ,with
 all my heart1 ,i replied4 ,it was not  
much to my taste1 but ,i fancied there  
was something unusual in his manner1 and
 my curiosity was awakened to see what  
it would lead to4  ,we entered a        
bustling and brilliantly-lighted house4 
,numerous guests were scattered about at
 different tables1 variously engaged in 
getting rid of time at the smallest     
possible cost of reflection4 ,the dwarf 
sauntered through the room1 whispered a 
waiter1 and1 beckoning me to follow1 led
 the way up-stairs to a lesser          
apartment1 where we found ourselves     
alone4  ,you will not see much life     
here1 ,i observed1 rather surprised at  
his selection of a secluded room in     
preference to the lively salon through  
which we had just passed4  ,we can make 

our own life1 he answered1 with a       
sarcastic twinge of the mouth1 and      
imagine more things in five minutes than
 we should see or hear below in a month4
  ,i thought this very odd4 ,it looked  
as if he had some concealed motive2 but 
,i acquiesced in his notion1 and was    
secretly pleased1 not less at the       
exchange of the din and riot for ease   
and quietness1 than at the opportunity  
it opened to him for the free play of   
the humor1 whatever it was1 that ,i     
could plainly see was working upon him4 
,we drank freely--that was a great      
resource with him when he was in a mood 
of extravagance--talked rapidly about a 
chaos of things1 laughed loudly1 and in 
the pauses of the strange revel relapsed
 every now and then into silence and    
abstraction4 ,during these brief and    
sudden intervals1 the dwarf would amuse 
himself by drawing uncouth lines on the 
table1 with his head hanging over them1 
as if his thoughts were elsewhere       
engaged1 and the unintelligible pastime 

of his fingers were resorted to only to 
hide them4  ,i could not tell why it    
was1 but ,i felt uneasy and restless4   
,my companion appeared to me like a man 
who was mentally laboring at some       
revelation1 yet did not know how to     
begin it4 ,he was constantly talking at 
something that was evidently troubling  
his mind1 yet he still evaded his own   
purpose1 as if he did not like the task 
to which he had set himself4 ,throughout
 the whole time he never mentioned      
,astra's name1 and this circumstance    
gave me additional cause for suspicion4 
,at last1 summoning up all his energy1  
and fixing himself with the points of   
his elbows on the table1 and his long1  
wiry hands1 which looked like talons1   
stretched up into his elfin hair at each
 side of his face1 while his eyes1      
shooting out their malignant fires1 were
 riveted upon me to scan the effect of  
what he was about to say1 he suddenly   
exclaimed1  ,you have been remarked in  
your attentions to ,astra4  ,the mystery

 was out4 ,and what was there in it1    
after all8 ,i was a free agent1 and so  
was ,astra4 ,why should he make so much 
theatrical parade about so very simple a
 business8  ,well6 ,i exclaimed1        
scarcely able to repress a smile1 which 
the exaggerated earnestness of his      
manner excited4  ,well6 ,you acknowledge
 that it is so8  ,acknowledge8 ,why     
should ,i either acknowledge or deny it8
 ,there is no treason in it2 the lady is
 the best judge--let me add1 the only   
judge--of any attentions ,i may have    
paid to her4  ,but ,i say you have been 
remarked--it has been spoken of--it is  
already a common topic of conversation4 
,indeed6 ,a common topic of             
conversation6 ,well1 ,i have no         
objection1 provided my good-natured     
friends do not say any thing injurious1 
or wound the lady's feelings by an      
improper use of my name4  ,he paused for
 a moment1 and lowering his voice1 then 
went on1  ,you never said any thing of  
this before4  ,why should ,i8 ,the      

inquiry was never made of me before4  ,i
 have made no inquiry1 he retorted4 ,i  
didn't ask you to confess4 ,you have    
avowed it all yourself1 unconsciously4  
,i felt that the dwarf was getting      
serious1 and that he was likely to make 
me more in earnest before he was done   
than ,i had at first anticipated4 ,i saw
 the necessity of showing him at once   
that ,i would not brook his             
interference1 and ,i addressed him in a 
more deliberate tone than ,i had        
hitherto adopted4  ,allow me to ask1 ,i 
demanded1 what interest you may take in 
this matter1 and by what right you      
assume the office of interrogating me so
 authoritatively8  ,by what right8 he   
answered4 ,my right to do so is rather  
clearer than your right to refuse an    
explanation4 ,you met her at my mother's
 house--you meet her there4 ,she is     
under our roof1 under our guardianship  
and protection4 ,that gives me the      
right4 ,it is not pleasant to interfere 
in this way2 but ,i am called upon to do

 so by my position1 and ,i delayed it in
 the hope that you would render it      
unnecessary4  ,why should you hope so8  
,why should you desire any explanation  
on the subject8 ,the lady is her own    
mistress3 she is under your roof1 it is 
true2 but not under your control4 ,the  
same thing might happen under any other 
roof1 and nobody would thereby acquire a
 right to interfere in a matter that    
concerns her alone4 ,you will surely see
 the propriety of not suffering your    
curiosity to meddle any further in the  
affair8  ,meddle6 he reiterated2        
control6 ,are these the phrases with    
which you taunt me8 ,but1 dropping his  
voice again1 he added1 you are right in 
suggesting that ,i have discharged my   
office when ,i demand1 to what end those
 very marked attentions are paid to     
,astra8  ,you make an unwarrantable     
demand1 and you shall have a fitting    
answer to it2 and my answer is1 that to 
,astra alone will ,i confide my         
confession1 as you call it4 ,she is old 

enough and wise enough to think and act 
for herself2 nor will ,i consent to     
compromise my respect for her           
understanding by admitting that she     
requires an arbitrator--perhaps ,i ought
 to say1 champion4  ,have a care1 he    
replied1 kindling up all at once into a 
sort of frenzy--have a care what you say
 or do4 ,you move in darkness--you tread
 on smothered fire4  ,do you threaten   
me8 said ,i4  ,no2 ,i do not threaten   
you4 ,look at your arm and mine--compare
 your muscles with my shrunken and      
stunted frame1 he cried1 with an        
expression of pain and bitterness2 ,i do
 not threaten you1 but ,i warn you--mark
 me1 ,i warn you6 ,heed my warning1 ,i  
beseech1 ,i implore you--nay1 heed it   
for your life6  ,i could not but admire 
the sibyl-like grandeur of his head and 
outstretched arms as he uttered these   
strange words4 ,his voice was hoarse    
with some surging emotion2 and if so    
poor a creature could have been the     
recipient of a supernatural inspiration1

 he might have sat at that moment for   
the portrait of one of the deformed     
soothsayers in a tale of magic4  ,do ,i 
understand you correctly8 said ,i2 or   
are you only playing off some new freak 
upon me8 ,answer me frankly one         
question1 and ,i shall be better able to
 comprehend the meaning of your         
mysterious menace4 ,are you--but ,i know
 it is absurd1 ,i feel that the question
 is very ridiculous1 only that your     
reply to it will1 perhaps1 set us both  
right--do you love ,astra8 ,i really can
 not conceive any thing short of some   
such feeling to justify this violence4  
,love her8 ,i love ,astra8 ,if there be 
a mortal ,i hate in the core of my      
heart1 it is ,astra4 ,are you satisfied8
 he replied1 with an expression of      
fiendish satisfaction in his face1 as if
 he were glad of the excuse for giving  
vent to his malignity4  ,hate her8 said 
,i1 calmly2 that is unreasonable3 but   
the whole discussion is unreasonable4 ,i
 have given you my answer2 none other   

shall you have from me4 ,so1 good-night4
  ,one word1 he said1 leaping out of his
 chair into the middle of the room4 ,one
 word before you go4 ,i am a dwarf--do  
not delude yourself into any contempt of
 me on that account4 ,i know as well as 
you do my disadvantages in the world2 ,i
 am as conscious as you are of my       
physical defects and shortcomings1 my   
distorted spine1 and the parsimony of   
nature in all particulars when she made 
me4 ,but ,i have passions like other    
men2 and ,i pursue them like other men1 
only1 as ,i am shut out from the summary
 and open process1 ,i am compelled1     
perchance1 to the choice of dark and    
crooked means4 ,perhaps1 too1 my        
passions are all the more turbulent and 
dangerous because they are pent up in an
 incapable frame1 and denied the vents  
and appliances which men like you have  
at their command4 ,mark me6 see ,astra  
no more4 ,let your last interview with  
her be your last forever4 ,enter our    
house no more2 that interdict1 at least1

 ,i have a right to pronounce4 ,but for 
myself1 and from myself1 and apart from 
the privilege of my own roof1 ,i warn   
you at your peril1 and on my own        
responsibility1 never to see ,astra     
again4  ,are you mad8 ,i exclaimed4     
,never to see ,astra again6 ,to forsake 
her society at your bidding6 ,wherefore 
do you make this monstrous demand8 ,do  
you not feel how preposterous it is to  
thrust yourself into a quarrel with me  
in a matter which not only does not     
concern you1 but which involves the     
feelings1 perhaps the whole future      
happiness1 of a person whom you have    
just ostentatiously declared is the     
object of your hate8  ,i make no quarrel
 with you1 he answered2 ,i will not     
quarrel with you4 ,i should be mad1     
indeed1 if ,i did4 ,what6 set myself    
against your thews and sinews8 ,no1     
no--,i break no bones with you--but ,i  
tell you1 once again1 your fate is in my
 hands4 ,i am your destiny1 if you will 
have it so4 ,you may trample on the     

oracle2 but you can not1 with all your  
show of bravery and your proud          
pretensions1 with the lady1 too1 in     
triumph on your side1 escape its        
denunciations4  ,did you1 or did you    
not1 ,i inquired1 bewildered by his     
language1 and not quite satisfied that  
he was in possession of his senses1 did 
you1 or did you not1 observe those      
attentions some months ago of which you 
now complain for the first time8  ,i    
did1 he answered4  ,and why did you not 
then speak to me on the subject8        
,because it wasn't ripe6  ,ripe8 ,if you
 have any meaning in these obscure      
hints1 why do you not explain it for    
your own sake1 since you can not believe
 that ,i will submit patiently to your  
insane threats8 ,again ,i ask you1 did  
you1 or did you not1 promote these      
attentions by every artifice and        
suggestion in your power8  ,i did4  ,did
 you not watch them anxiously1 forward  
them daily1 and exult in their progress1
 until you became secretly convinced    

that both ,astra's feelings and mine    
were engaged beyond recall8  ,i did--,i 
did--,i did6 roared the dwarf4  ,did you
 not produce this very result yourself8 
,did you not seek it1 urge it1 fan it to
 its height1 and even glory in the flame
 you had nursed so cunningly8  ,i       
did--,i did--,i did6 he shrieked1 his   
whole body seeming to take part in the  
frenzy that convulsed him4  ,fiend6 ,i  
cried2 inexplicable devil6 what would   
you have1 then8 ,what is your aim in    
thus coming with your curses between us8
  ,you shall never know1 he replied1    
unless to deplore it to the last hour of
 your life4 ,you can never know unless  
you outrage my will4 ,i have the power  
to make you wretched forever1 to blight 
and destroy you4 ,and if you treat my   
warning with contempt1 ,i will do it    
without fail1 without mercy1 without    
remorse4 ,the jester who has contributed
 so largely to your entertainment1 and  
furnished such a delectable theme for   
your secret and cowardly mockery1 will  

shoot a bolt of a graver cast when you  
least expect it1 and think yourself most
 secure4 ,mark me--note me well4 ,these 
are not words of rage1 or transient     
passion3 remember them1 be wise1 and    
look to your safety4 ,see ,astra no     
more4 ,with this ,i leave you4 ,our next
 meeting must be of your making4  ,i was
 alone4 ,overwhelmed and awed by the    
demoniacal maledictions of the wretched 
creature whom ,i had hitherto so        
intensely despised1 ,i knew not what to 
think1 or how to act4 ,he had assumed a 
fresh shape1 more marvelous than any he 
had hitherto put on in the whole round  
of his extraordinary mummery4 ,the      
raillery and tipsy recklessness which   
appeared constitutional in him had      
suddenly passed away1 leaving not a     
solitary trace behind4 ,even his figure1
 while he had been speaking1 seemed to  
heave with a new life1 and to dilate    
into unnatural dimensions4 ,i was       
perplexed to the last extremity2 not    
that the malice of the demon could scare

 me from my resolves1 but that his      
motives were so impenetrable as to      
suffer no clew to escape by which ,i    
could discover the evil purpose that lay
 at the bottom4  ,it was not the        
machination or revenge of a disappointed
 suitor4 ,he never could have aspired to
 a hope of ,astra1 and he avowed his    
aversion to her4 ,she was ignorant of   
all this bravado about her2 and would be
 even more indignant to hear of it than 
,i was to suffer it4 ,i resolved1       
therefore1 not to insult her by         
revealing it to her4 ,fortunately1 ,i   
had made an appointment to meet her     
alone on the following day4 ,that       
meeting would decide every thing4 ,she  
might1 perhaps1 throw some light upon   
what was at present a profound mystery  
to me4 ,at all events1 my course was    
clear4 ,under the circumstances in which
 ,i was placed1 ,i felt that there lay  
but one alternative before me4   ,,vii4 
,my resolution was taken1 as ,i thought1
 very composedly4 ,i tried to persuade  

myself that ,i was not in the least     
ruffled or agitated by the scene ,i had 
passed through2 but ,i was secretly     
conscious1 notwithstanding1 of a vague  
dread which ,i endeavored in vain to    
stifle4 ,the defiance which the dwarf   
had so insolently flung at me1 the      
contrast he drew between his shriveled  
frame and my physical advantages1 and   
the ,satanic pride with which he rose   
superior to his wretched deformities1   
gave me no slight cause for uneasiness1 
although ,i could not analyze the nature
 of the fear that possessed me4 ,all    
through the night ,i abandoned myself to
 the wildest speculations upon the      
unaccountable conduct and designs of my 
arch-enemy2 but as morning advanced that
 oppressive train of reflections gave   
way to more agreeable thoughts1 just as 
the hideous images of the night-mare    
vanish before the approach of day4  ,the
 prospect of meeting ,astra excluded all
 other considerations4 ,as impediments  
to the flow of a current only serve to  

increase its force1 so the opposition   
which the dwarf had thrown in my way    
gave an additional impetus to my        
feelings4 ,the very publicity which our 
intercourse had attracted altered our   
relations to each other4 ,it was no     
longer possible to indulge in the       
romantic dreams1 secret looks1 and      
stolen conversations with which we had  
hitherto pampered our imagination2 it   
was necessary to act4 ,i felt the       
responsibility that was thus cast upon  
me2 and ,i confess that ,i was rather   
obliged to my villainous ,mephistophiles
 than angry with him for having1 as it  
were1 brought all my wayward raptures to
 so immediate and decisive a conclusion4
 ,as to his anathemas and warnings1 ,i  
treated them as so much buffoonery on   
the wrong side of the grotesque4 ,in    
short1 ,i was too much engrossed by the 
approaching interview1 and too much     
intoxicated by the contemplation of the 
result to which it inevitably led1 to   
think at all about that imp of darkness 

and his ludicrous fulminations4 ,astra  
occupied brain and heart1 and left no   
room for my tormentor4  ,i fancied she  
looked unusually happy that morning2 but
 not so happy as ,i was1 not so         
disturbed and unsettled by happiness4   
,she was perfectly tranquil1 and it was 
evident that nothing had transpired in  
the interval to awaken a suspicion of   
what had occurred between me and the    
dwarf4 ,she observed at once that a     
change had taken place in my manner4    
,you are in marvelously high spirits    
to-day1 she said2 but this exuberant    
gayety is not quite natural to you4     
,high spirits6 ,i am not conscious of   
it4  ,so much the worse1 she replied2   
then1 placing her hand upon my arm1 and 
looking earnestly at me1 she added1     
something has happened since ,i saw you4
 ,what is it8 ,it would be wrong1 and   
useless as well as wrong1 to affect to  
deny it4  ,i had noticed at times in    
,astra an air of solemnity1 which would 
fall upon her face like a shadow1 slowly

 receding again before its habitual1 but
 always subdued brightness2 and         
occasionally ,i imagined that ,i        
detected a sudden and brief sternness in
 her eyes1 which conveyed an impression 
that she was interrogating with their   
concentrated rays1 the concealed        
thoughts of the person upon whom they   
were directed4 ,these were some of the  
outward signs of that mystery of her    
nature which ,i never could penetrate4  
,upon this occasion a world of latent   
doubts and suspicions appeared to be    
condensed in her look4 ,it seemed as if 
in that single glance she read the whole
 incident which1 to spare her feelings1 
,i was so unwilling to disclose4  ,what 
do you suppose1 ,astra1 ,i inquired1 can
 have happened since ,i saw you8  ,you  
are not candid with me1 she returned4 ,i
 ask you a question1 and you answer by  
asking me another4 ,if nothing has      
happened1 you can easily satisfy me2 if 
it be otherwise1 and you are silent1 ,i 
must draw my own conclusions4  ,whatever

 conclusions you draw1 ,astra1 ,i know  
you have too firm a reliance on my truth
 and devotion not to believe that ,i am 
actuated by the purest motives4 ,have ,i
 not always been sincere and frank with 
you8  ,always4  ,have you not an        
implicit confidence in the steadfastness
 of my love8  ,were it otherwise1 should
 ,i be now standing here questioning    
you1 or should there be need of         
questions of this kind between us8      
,confidence6 ,why am ,i so sensitive to 
the slightest fluctuations of tone and  
manner ,i observe in you1 and where do  
,i derive the intuitive perception of   
their meanings8 ,love must have         
confidence6 ,but it has instincts also4 
,i feel there is something--,i am sure  
of it--but ,i will urge you no further4 
,it is not1 perhaps1 for your happiness 
or mine that ,i should seek to know4    
,astra1 ,i exclaimed1 passionately1     
there is nothing ,i would conceal from  
you that ,i think you ought to know1 or 
that would make you happier to know2 and

 if ,i have any reserve from you1 it is 
for your sake1 and you must ascribe it  
to the tenderness of my regard for you4 
,for my sake8 she repeated1 with a      
slightly terrified and curious          
expression4  ,now listen to me2 ,i have 
something to say to you which is of more
 importance to us both than these wise1 
loving conjectures of yours4 ,take my   
arm1 and let us get into the ,park4  ,we
 were near one of the inclosures of the 
,regent's ,park2 and when we reached a  
more secluded place1 ,i resumed3  ,first
 of all1 ,i should like to have your own
 unbiased opinion about your friends    
with whom you are residing4 ,have you   
observed any change in their manner     
toward you8  ,change8 ,none whatever4   
,do you think--,i mean from any thing   
you have yourself noticed--that they    
have watched our actions or been        
inquisitive in our affairs8  ,she looked
 inquiringly at me1 and hesitated4  ,i  
think it would be impossible to be much 
with them and escape their persiflage1  

let us act as we might4 ,but beyond that
 sort of idle criticism which they deal 
out indiscriminately to every body1 ,i  
have observed nothing4 ,why do you ask8 
,because ,i have reason to believe that 
my attentions to you have attracted more
 observation than either of us          
suspected2 and that1 in fact1 they have 
made such remarks on us as no longer    
leaves our future course at our own time
 or option4  ,you have reason to believe
 this8  ,the best possible reason4  ,who
 is your authority8  ,will you not      
accept my own authority1 without seeking
 further8  ,no4 ,it is not a time to    
hold back from any false delicacy to me1
 or any mistaken respect for the        
confidence of others4 ,beware of such   
confidences1 if there be any4 ,they are 
not meant for your peace or mine1 but to
 plunge us both into an abyss in which  
we shall be left to perish4 ,i must know
 all4 ,i am entitled to know it4 ,if    
your love be a hundredth part as strong 
and devoted1 and as prepared for        

sacrifice as mine1 you will place a full
 and entire trust in me4  ,and ,i do4   
,you shall know all2 but ,i must exact a
 solemn promise from you1 before ,i tell
 you how1 and in what manner1 this      
information was communicated to me4 ,it 
is impossible for me to foresee how it  
may affect or wound your feelings2 and  
it is due to me1 if ,i yield to your    
request against my own judgment1 that   
you should pledge yourself1 be the      
consequences what they may1 to give me a
 public right to protect you against the
 further malignity--,i can not call it  
by any milder term--of your enemies and 
mine4  ,she was deeply affected by this 
request1 which was spoken in so low and 
tremulous a voice1 so burdened with a   
painful earnestness1 that she appeared  
to gather from it the final conviction  
that upon her answer depended the future
 happiness or misery of our lives4 ,i   
confess1 for my own part1 that the pause
 which ensued1 during which she almost  
unconsciously repeated to herself1 ,be  

the consequences what they may6 was to  
me harrowing beyond expression4 ,it     
seemed as if there was some sinister    
influence at work to destroy us both2   
and that even the immediate prospect of 
our union was not sufficient to allay   
the terror that influence inspired1 and 
into the causes and springs of which ,i 
now began to imagine she had a clearer  
insight than ,i had previously          
suspected4 ,but ,i was steeped in a     
tumultuous passion1 which would not     
suffer me to investigate intervening    
difficulties4 ,what the source of her   
terror was ,i knew not2 mine arose only 
from the apprehension of losing her2 and
 to have secured her at that moment1    
looking as she did1 in the agitation    
that gave such a wild lustre to her     
eyes1 more lovely than ever1 ,i would   
have cheerfully relinquished every thing
 else in the world4 ,so far from being  
anxious to have the cause of her fears  
and hesitation cleared up1 ,i was in the
 utmost alarm lest she should enter upon

 an explanation that might delay the    
consummation of my wishes4 ,i sought    
only an affirmative reply to my request1
 which1 come what might1 would make her 
mine forever4  ,she loosened herself    
from my arm1 and walked apart from me in
 silence4 ,this action1 and the sort of 
panic it indicated1 filled me with      
alarm4  ,astra1 you have not answered my
 question4 ,what is the reason of your  
silence8  ,be the consequences what they
 may6 she reiterated4 ,i did not think  
of that1 but it is right ,i should4 ,i  
should have thought of it before--,i did
 think of it2 but of what avail1 while  
,i suffered myself to indulge in a dream
 which that thought ought to have       
dispelled8  ,you speak in a language    
that is unintelligible to me2 but there 
is no time now for explanations4 ,we    
must decide1 ,astra1 at once1 for to-day
 and forever4 ,i only ask your explicit 
pledge4 ,let us reserve explanations for
 hereafter4  ,you say this in ignorance 
of what awaits you4 ,i feel that ,i     

ought not to make any pledge until-- and
 she hesitated again4  ,if ,i am        
satisfied to take your pledge1 and all  
consequences with it1 and to repay it   
with the devotion of my life1 why1      
beloved ,astra1 should you hesitate8    
,let the responsibility fall on me--of  
that another time4 ,every hour is       
precious now1 and you will understand   
why ,i urge you so impatiently when ,i  
tell you that ,i can never again enter  
the house where you are now residing4   
,i knew it4 ,i saw it clearly from the  
first word you uttered4 ,it was revealed
 to me in the very tone of your voice4  
,now hear me patiently4 ,your peace1    
your honor1 all feelings that contribute
 to the respect and happiness of life1  
are at stake upon this moment4  ,the    
determination of her manner left me no  
choice but to listen4  ,are you prepared
 to risk all other ties1 obligations1   
and prospects1 in the consummation of   
this one object8 to hazard friends1     
opinion1 the world--perhaps it may be1  

to sacrifice them for the love that has 
grown up between us1 and which1 for good
 or evil1 must this day bind us         
together1 or sever us for the rest of   
our lives8  ,what a question to put to  
me6 ,the 'world6' it is ashes without   
you4 ,i tell you1 ,astra1 that if the   
choice lay between the grave and the    
single word that would sunder us1 ,i    
would die rather than utter it4 ,i don't
 know what your question implies--,i    
don't seek to know2 and would prefer to 
remain ignorant of it1 that ,i may the  
more clearly prove to you the depth of  
my trust and devotion1 which will be    
satisfied with the simple pledge that   
makes you mine4 ,that1 at least1 you    
have in your own power2 let me answer   
for the rest4  ,consider well what you  
are saying4 ,is your love strong enough 
to bear the hazards ,i have pointed out8
 ,search your own nature--look into your
 pride1 your sensitiveness to neglect   
and censure1 your high sense of personal
 dignity4 ,i have seen how ill you can  

brook slight affronts--do you believe   
that your love will enable you to bear  
great ones--scorn1 contumely1 perhaps   
opprobrium8 ,think1 think1 and weigh    
well your decision4  ,astra1 you put me 
upon the rack4 ,i have no other answer  
to give4 ,for you1 and for your sake1   
come what may1 ,i am ready to risk all6 
,for me and for my sake1 if it be       
necessary1 to forsake the world8 to     
relinquish friends and kindred8 to      
dedicate yourself in solitude to her    
who1 in solitude1 would be content to   
find her whole world in you8 ,to do     
this1 without repining1 without looking 
back with anguish and remorse upon the  
sacrifices you had made1 without a      
regret or a reproach8 ,a woman can do   
this4 ,is it so sure there lives a man  
equal to such trials8  ,if these        
sacrifices be imperative upon us1 we    
make them together4 ,there can be       
nothing for either of us to reproach the
 other with4 ,and as to the solitude you
 speak of1 my heart yearns for it4 ,it  

is in that solitude we can the more     
fully understand and develop the        
profound devotion that shall have drawn 
us into it4 ,i am sick of the           
world--weary and tired of it1 and       
longing for the repose which you alone  
can consecrate4 ,it will be no sacrifice
 to abandon the world for you4          
,sacrifice1 my ,astra8 it will be the   
crowning happiness of my life6  ,and you
 are confident that you can depend upon 
the firmness of your resolution8 ,i do  
not ask this for my own sake--for ,i    
know myself1 what ,i can suffer and     
outlive--but for yours4  ,i solemnly and
 finally answer1 that no earthly        
influence can shake my resolution4      
,then1 said ,astra1 placing her hand in 
mine1 and in a grave voice1 laden with  
emotion1 ,i am yours forever4           
,henceforth1 ,i owe no allegiance       
elsewhere--here1 in the sight of        
,heaven1 ,i pledge my faith to you1 and 
hold the compact as binding as if at    
this moment it were plighted at the     

altar4  ,i was transported with the     
earnestness of these words1 and covering
 her hand with kisses1 ,i exclaimed--   
,and ,i ratify it1 ,astra1 my own       
,astra1 with my whole heart4 ,now1 who  
shall divide us8 ,we are one1 and no    
human power can part us4  ,i then       
related to her the circumstances that   
had taken place the preceding evening4  
,she heard me throughout with a calmness
 that surprised me4 ,i expected that the
 extraordinary conduct of the dwarf     
would have excited her indignation2 but 
she seemed to know him better than ,i   
did1 and although ,i could perceive a   
heavy flush sometimes rush into her     
cheeks1 and a sudden pallor succeed it1 
the narrative of his mysterious menaces 
did not appear to produce half as much  
astonishment in her mind as it did in   
mine4  ,we will talk of this another    
time1 she observed2 at present we must  
think of ourselves4 ,i know his         
character--,i know the demoniac revenge 
he is capable of2 and1 for our own      

safety1 we must avoid him4  ,revenge6 ,i
 echoed4 ,the phrase coming from ,astra 
fell strangely on my ears4  ,i will     
leave the house to-morrow2 but1 for your
 sake1 ,i will hold no communication    
with you till ,i am beyond his reach4   
,once assured of that1 ,i will write to 
you1 and you will come to me4 ,this is  
the only act ,i will ask to take upon my
 own responsibility1 and ,i do so       
because it will secure our mutual       
safety4 ,from that hour ,i shall be     
implicitly guided by you4  ,i should    
have been glad to have adopted a        
different course1 and to have claimed   
her openly4 ,my pride1 wounded by the   
insolent denunciations of the dwarf1    
demanded a more public vindication of   
her independence and mine2 and this     
stolen flight1 and the necessity it     
imposed upon me of observing a similar  
caution in my own movements1 looked so  
like fear and evasion that ,i submitted 
to it very reluctantly4 ,the notion of  
concealment and secrecy galled me1 and  

even at this moment1 when my happiness  
was on the eve of consummation1 it gave 
me a thrill of uneasiness that cast an  
oppressive shadow over the future4      
,astra1 however1 had evidently a strong 
reason for insisting on privacy1 and ,i 
was too anxious about hastening our     
union to throw any new obstacle in the  
way of its accomplishment4  ,we         
separated in the ,park1 ,astra being    
unwilling to suffer me to escort her any
 further lest we should be seen         
together4 ,this little incident1        
trifling as it was1 increased the       
nervous annoyance and sense of          
humiliation ,i felt at being required to
 act as if ,i had any fear of the       
results2 nor could ,i comprehend why she
 should be so much alarmed at being seen
 walking with me alone1 when she knew   
that in a few days we should be         
indissolubly united4 ,but ,i submitted  
to her wishes4 ,passion is willful and  
unreasonable1 and takes a wayward       
pleasure in shutting its eyes1 and      

rushing onward in the dare4 ,i stifled  
my vexation in the anticipation of the  
joy that lay before me1 which would be  
victory enough over the impotent hatred 
of ,mephistophiles4   ,,viii4           
,throughout the whole of the next day ,i
 waited anxiously in the expectation of 
hearing from ,astra4 ,evening came and  
passed1 and there was no communication4 
,when the last post-hour was gone by1   
and all hope of a letter was at an end1 
,i ventured into the streets1 hoping to 
gather some signs of her movements from 
the outside of her house4 ,the blinds   
were down as usual in the drawing-room  
windows1 and there seemed to be rather  
an extraordinary flush of lights within1
 as if some commotion was going forward4
 ,i could see huge1 shapeless shadows of
 people moving about the room1 in great 
bustle and excitement2 and it appeared  
to me1 from the frequency and confusion 
of then3 motions1 that the ordinary     
family party was augmented by additional
 numbers4 ,the gathering1 whatever it   

might have been1 was not for festivity2 
and the constant swaying backward and   
forward1 and vehement tossing of long   
streaks of heads and arms on the blinds1
 resembled the action of a violent      
domestic scene1 in which the angry      
passions were strenuously engaged4 ,i   
hardly knew what to conclude from this  
incoherent pantomime4 ,either ,astra was
 there1 in the midst of a stormy        
contention2 or she had left the house1  
and they were disputing furiously over  
the causes of her departure4  ,after ,i 
had been some time watching this        
unintelligible phantasmagoria1 and      
vainly endeavoring to collect a meaning 
for it1 the hall-door opened1 and in the
 momentary gleam of light that shot into
 the street ,i saw the dwarf issuing    
out1 muffled to the ears in a cloak4 ,he
 stood for a moment on the pavement1 and
 adjusting his cloak more carefully     
about his face1 and crushing his hat    
down over his eyes1 he set off at a     
quick pace in an opposite direction to  

that part of the street where ,i was    
standing4 ,i confess ,i felt ashamed of 
the espionage in which ,i was occupied1 
and although ,i followed my mercurial   
fiend at a safe distance1 for the       
distinct purpose of earthing him        
wherever he was going1 ,i by no means   
liked the office which a sort of        
fatality had forced upon me4 ,but ,i was
 somewhat reconciled to it by a secret  
conviction that the abominable little   
demon had himself come out upon an      
equally discreditable expedition1 which 
,i soon detected from the infinite pains
 he took to elude observation4  ,instead
 of keeping in the public streets1 he   
darted down numerous dark alleys and    
lanes1 and once with considerable       
difficulty ,i chased him through the    
unsavory depths of a straggling mews1   
where he doubled in an out with such    
rapidity as to render it no easy matter 
to keep upon his track without betraying
 myself4 ,two or three times ,i nearly  
lost sight of him2 and it was not until 

he emerged out of a gloomy passage1 of  
the existence of which ,i was until that
 moment ignorant1 into the street where 
,i lived1 that ,i had the least         
suspicion of the direction he was       
taking4 ,it was presently evident that  
his object had some reference to me1 for
 he had no sooner entered the street    
than he darted into the deep recess of a
 hall-door1 where he stood for full ten 
minutes crouched and transfixed1 looking
 up at my windows1 which were exactly   
opposite to him4  ,fortunately ,i was   
able to note his movements without being
 myself perceived1 as ,i lurked in the  
shadow of the passage from whence he had
 just issued4  ,the windows of my       
chambers being dark1 ,i presume he      
concluded that ,i was from home2 and    
under that impression1 no doubt1 he     
crossed over and knocked stealthily at  
the door--just as one would knock who   
did not wish to attract the attention of
 the inmates1 but merely to convey an   
intimation to the servants4 ,i was      

seized with a strong impulse to rush    
upon him suddenly1 present myself as the
 door opened1 and confound him on the   
spot2 but ,i remembered how earnestly   
,astra had urged upon me the prudence of
 avoiding him1 and ,i restrained myself4
 ,stepping cautiously into a doorway1 ,i
 continued to watch his further         
proceedings4  ,the door was opened by a 
servant1 and my dwarf1 burying himself  
up to the eyes in his cloak1 so that it 
was impossible to distinguish his       
features1 appeared to enter into a      
confidential conversation with her4 ,it 
seemed to me to last a long time2 but my
 impatience1 no doubt1 exaggerated its  
duration4 ,at length it drew to an end1 
and hastily nodding to the servant1 who 
looked after him1 as ,i thought with    
much curiosity and astonishment1 he     
dropped down the street at the same     
flying pace with which he had entered   
it4 ,that he had come to my house for   
the purpose of picking up some          
intelligence about me was clear2 upon   

that point ,i was satisfied1 and the    
discovery only served to heighten my    
anxiety to find out what he was going to
 do next4  ,as he darted along ,i could 
not help admiring his wonderful agility4
 ,there was a certain sort of confident 
swagger about his ordinary style of     
walking1 such as you frequently observe 
in small vivacious men1 who strut and   
swing through the streets as if the     
great globe itself were their private   
property2 but upon this occasion it     
resolved itself into the swift and      
impetuous flight of a meteor4 ,he shot  
from one angle of a street to another   
something in the manner of a            
will-o'-the-wisp1 and it was almost as  
difficult to fix his course and follow  
him up4 ,thus hanging closely on his    
footsteps1 ,i was not a little mortified
 to find1 after all1 that the trouble ,i
 had taken led to nothing4 ,striking out
 a different1 but a much shorter route1 
the hideous creature went back to his   
own house4 ,the lights were already     

extinguished in the drawing-room1 and   
the windows1 even to the dormitories1   
were in darkness4 ,the domestics1       
apparently1 had retired to bed2 for the 
dwarf1 hastily opening the door with a  
latch-key1 vanished from my sight almost
 at the same instant that he ascended   
the steps4 ,i lingered for ,a few       
moments at a distance1 and then slowly  
returned home1 congratulating myself on 
having detected his sinister expedition1
 and impatient to ascertain the         
substance of his conversation with the  
servant4  ,when ,i interrogated her on  
the subject1 she betrayed a little fear 
and hesitation1 but at last she told me 
every thing that had transpired4 ,the   
strange gentleman1 whom she had never   
seen before1 and who so completely      
concealed his features that she should  
not be able to identify him again1 asked
 her a great number of questions about  
my movements1 and especially if ,i had  
been out during the day4 ,he appeared   
surprised to learn that ,i had only just

 left home1 and wanted to know whether  
,i was expected back that night1 and    
whether ,i was going out of town4 ,it   
happened that ,i had occupied myself    
throughout the morning in packing my    
carpet-bag and portmanteau1 so that ,i  
might be able to attend ,astra's        
expected summons at a moment's notice2  
and the servant1 whose distrust was     
awakened by the urgent manner of the    
questioner1 tried to fence off his      
inquiries about my traveling            
preparations1 but his superior dexterity
 finally extracted the fact from her4   
,having obtained that significant clew  
to my intentions1 he suddenly wished her
 good-night1 and disappeared4 ,the girl 
was so frightened by his mysterious air 
and abrupt interrogations1 that ,i      
believe she fancied ,i was going to     
fight a duel2 for about that time there 
had been a fatal duel1 which furnished a
 topic of general conversation1 and     
which1 ,i suppose1 put the sagacious    
suspicion into her head4  ,forewarned1  

forearmed1 says the old proverb4 ,i was 
now fairly apprised that the dwarf was  
upon my track1 and ,i resolved1 as a    
mere measure of precaution1 ignorant as 
,i was of the machinations ,i had to    
fear1 that whatever course it might     
become necessary to adopt1 should be    
carried out with the utmost secrecy4    
,the next morning came a letter from    
,astra4 ,no language can adequately     
depict the agitation with which ,i      
opened the envelope4 ,i felt as if my   
fate was contained in the inclosure--as 
it was6  ,it consisted of only a single 
line1 scrawled in haste over a great    
sheet of paper1 at the top of which was 
an address in the country1 in another   
hand-writing1 with the following words  
beneath1 written by ,astra3  ,i am here3
 come to me quickly4--,a4  ,the         
assurance which this brief intimation   
conveyed that ,astra had left ,london1  
relieved me of at least one source of   
anxiety2 and all that now remained was  
to obey her mandate1 and join her       

without loss of time in her retreat4 ,i 
own that ,i felt rather like a culprit  
in the way in which ,i abandoned my     
chambers4 ,feeling assured that the     
dwarf1 having once set himself as a spy 
upon my actions1 would stop at no means 
of tracing me out of town1 ,i determined
 to leave such an account of myself     
behind as should effectually put him    
upon a false scent4 ,i accordingly      
informed the people of the house that ,i
 was going into ,buckinghamshire for two
 days2 and1 as that was nearly the      
opposite direction to the route ,i was  
really about to take--for my destination
 lay among the sylvan valleys of        
,kent--,i hoped to baffle him at the    
start4 ,my arrangements were speedily   
completed1 and1 having made a hasty     
inspection of the street before ,i      
ventured out1 ,i sprang into a          
cabriolet1 and drove off4  ,the         
imperceptible degrees by which men1 in  
the pursuit of passionate ends1 suffer  
themselves to fall into deceptions1 at  

which their reason and their probity    
would revolt in calmer moments1 might   
suggest a useful train of reflections at
 this point of my narrative4 ,but the   
moral is obvious enough1 without        
requiring to be formally pointed4 ,i    
shall only remark1 that my ruminations  
in the post-chaise that carried me to   
,astra ran chiefly upon the             
self-humiliation ,i felt in             
contemplating the mystery in which ,i   
had become entangled step by step1 and  
the sort of guiltiness which my studious
 evasion of the dwarf seemed to argue to
 my own mind4 ,men who act openly never 
have any reason to entertain a fear of  
others1 and may look the world boldly in
 the face4 ,it is only men that commit  
themselves to actions which will not    
bear the light who resort to subterfuges
 and concealments1 and are harrowed by  
apprehensions4 ,my dilemma was a        
singular one4 ,there was nothing ,i had 
done which ,i had the slightest reason  
to hide or feel alarm about2 yet ,i was 

taking as cautious measures to avoid    
publicity as if ,i were flying from     
justice1 and was haunted all the time by
 a thrill of terror which ,i could not  
assign to any intelligible cause4  ,in  
the dusk of the evening1 ,i had the     
profound happiness of reaching my       
destination1 and all inquietude was     
lulled into oblivion by the music of    
those tones which always went direct to 
my heart4 ,the past and the future were 
equally absorbed in the luxury of       
,astra's society1 and ,i felt that if ,i
 needed an excuse for the strange       
circumstances in which ,i was placed1 ,i
 had an ample one in the devotion of    
such a woman4 ,the very danger--if      
danger it was1 with which ,i was as yet 
unacquainted--the anxiety1 the          
concealment1 the flight we had passed   
through to secure our union1 enhanced   
the rapture with which we now met never 
to be sundered again4  ,that evening ,i 
related to her what had happened the    
night before1 and she gave me an account

 of the manner in which she had managed 
to escape from the dwarf's house2 for1  
in spite of the self-possession with    
which she described the incident1 it    
more nearly resembled an escape than a  
departure4 ,in fact1 she had left the   
house in the morning1 on foot1 and was  
expected back1 as usual1 to luncheon    
after her walk4 ,but luncheon passed1   
and there were no tidings of her2 and1  
at dinner-time1 a brief note by the post
 announced her leave-taking1 excusing   
its abruptness1 on the ground of a      
sudden and urgent call into the country4
 ,this was1 no doubt1 the subject which 
the angry shadows on the blinds had been
 so vehemently discussing the night     
before4 ,so violent an infraction of    
etiquette would have pained me seriously
 had it occurred under any other        
circumstances1 or had it been inflicted 
upon any other persons than the members 
of that eccentric family4 ,but we knew  
them well2 how unlike they were to the  
rest of the world1 and how slight an    

impression the mere breach of courtesy  
would make upon them1 in comparison with
 the malicious curiosity it would       
awaken6 ,they were like ,bohemians in   
their habits and ways of thinking2 and  
were themselves so accustomed to violate
 established usages1 that the most      
extravagant irregularities could not    
very materially surprise them4 ,this    
consideration reconciled me to a        
proceeding which must otherwise have    
been a source of regret to me1 on       
,astra's account2 besides1 ,i was by no 
means unwilling to accept the sacrifice 
she had thus made of her own            
independence as an additional proof of  
her attachment4  ,but what was the cause
 of all these stratagems and            
concealments8 ,i should learn that the  
next day4 ,i saw that ,astra was        
suffering under a despondency natural   
enough to her novel situation1 and ,i   
patiently waited her own time for       
disclosures which ,i now began to look  
forward to with nervous apprehensions4  

,the house in which ,i found her lay    
buried in the foliage of a secluded     
valley4 ,it was in the cottage style1   
covered with creepers that dropped in at
 the windows1 and filled the rooms with 
scent2 and it belonged to people in an  
humble rank of life1 who had known      
,astra from her infancy1 and were       
devoted to her interest4 ,under the     
shelter of their roof1 she was secure4  
,the place was extremely picturesque on 
a small scale--a green glen1 where the  
surrounding heights were broken into a  
variety of forms1 and where the eye1 on 
whatever spot it rested1 caught some    
point of beauty4 ,an impetuous little   
stream rushed from the jaws of a ravine 
that formed a sort of vista at one      
extremity1 and1 brawling away through   
the wooded depths of the valley1 tossed 
itself into the air over a group of     
artificial rooks at the foot of the tiny
 lawn4 ,dark trees filled the openings  
in the hills1 and the sward round their 
roots was dotted with clusters of wild  

flowers1 like a garden4 ,a rustic bridge
 spanned the water1 and graceful willows
 dipped their tresses into the spray4   
,aquatic plants clung about the         
rocks--parasite tendrils climbed the    
ancient wood2 and there was altogether a
 feeling of solitude and repose in the  
scene1 that rendered it the most fitting
 seclusion on earth to ripen into a new 
life of love two ardent hearts like     
ours4  ,with what anxiety ,i looked     
forward to the next day1 when ,astra and
 ,i1 liberated from all eyes1 should    
wander about these lonely paths6 ,it    
came at last1 and with it brought my    
doom6  7,to be continued47     ,,story  
,,of ,,silver-,,voice ,,and ,,her       
,,sister ,,zoe4   ,the phenomena of     
memory are singular objects of study4 ,i
 have often thought that a certain class
 of ideas and observations could be so  
arranged as to form an orderly1         
connected chain1 one link of which would
 bring home all the others1 however     
deeply sunken in the mind4 ,but         

experience teaches me that this is not  
the case4 ,during my residence in the   
,east1 though ,i kept a careful journal 
of every thing that seemed interesting  
at the time1 a thousand circumstances   
came to my notice which ,i did not set  
down2 and when ,i have endeavored to    
recall them1 many have stubbornly       
refused to appear when wanted4 ,but     
suddenly1 when ,i at least expect it1 ,i
 now and then find myself irresistibly  
carried back to old times4 ,forms that  
had faded into distance--thoughts that  
had seemed dissolved into               
nothing--scenes and impressions which ,i
 had in vain sought to revive--obtrude  
themselves irresistibly on my notice4   
,in general1 the unexpected visitants   
are welcome2 the fireside is rendered   
brighter and more cheerful by them2 and 
their presence sends a glow through this
 northern atmosphere1 which allows      
autumn to steal on unperceived4  ,i was 
prevented last night from sleeping by   
the perpetual recurrence in my reveries 

of the name of ,lady ,silver-,voice4 ,i 
had forgotten her existence1 as one is  
apt to forget a beautiful thing amidst  
the material cares of this life4 ,let me
 endeavor to tell her story as simply as
 it was told to me4  ,but first1 how ,i 
came to see her--for ,i have had that   
privilege4 ,it was one evening in       
winter-time1 that1 after a prolonged    
illness1 ,i was taking a stroll on the  
roof of a palace-like mansion in ,cairo4
 ,the sun had set for me2 it had gone   
down behind the interminable sea of     
houses4 ,but ,i could still see it      
shining on the forest of minarets that  
rose through the moist1 balmy air1 and  
on the vast dome of the mosque that now 
towers above the citadel4 ,the          
terrace-roof on which ,i was1 though    
commanded at a distance by much more    
lofty buildings1 was far raised above   
the humble dwellings near at hand1 so   
that ,i could look down and observe the 
movements of my neighbors1 who were most
 varied in race and costume--,turks and 

,maltese1 ,arabs and ,greeks1 ,armenians
 and ,copts--to say nothing of ,jews and
 poultry1 which my servant1 who brought 
me a pipe1 added to the enumeration4  ,i
 passed some time in examining the      
movements of these various personages1  
who all come out upon their terraces to 
enjoy the evening air2 and though ,i did
 not observe any thing very             
characteristic1 any thing which would   
necessarily go down in my journal1 ,i   
was sufficiently interested not to      
notice the flight of time1 and to allow 
complete darkness to gather round me    
while ,i still leaned over the parapet4 
,suddenly ,i was aroused from my        
contemplations by a snatch of a strange 
song sung in the most marvelously-sweet 
voice ,i had ever heard4 ,i started1 not
 exactly like a guilty thing1 but       
transfixed1 as it were1 by an almost    
painful shaft of delight4 ,the voice    
swelled up on the night air1 until1 in  
spite of its divine sweetness1 it became
 almost a cry of sorrow1 and then       

ceased1 leaving a thrill running through
 my frame that gradually seemed to      
shrink back to my heart1 and expire     
there in a feeling of mingled joy and   
pain4 ,perhaps the state of my health   
rendered me peculiarly susceptible of   
strong emotions3 ,i am afraid ,i wept4  
,the darkness1 however1 prevented this  
weakness from being witnessed by ,ali1  
who came to announce that my dinner was 
ready4 ,i went down the winding         
staircase to the vast lonely hall1 where
 ,i usually ate alone--the master of the
 house being absent on a journey2 but   
though my appetite was that of a        
convalescent1 ,i am sure ,i did not     
enliven the meal for myself by my usual 
humorous observations3 to the officer1  
for example1 that ,i was doubtful       
whether the beef was camel1 or the      
mutton was donkey4 ,ali seemed rather   
surprised1 especially when ,i asked him1
 abruptly1 who it was that sang so      
sweetly in the neighborhood4  ,he did   
not know6 ,my curiosity was unsatisfied2

 but1 perhaps1 ,i went to bed that night
 with a fuller gush of happiness at my  
heart than if ,i had heard this prosy   
fellow's account of the matter4 ,it is a
 frequent subject of meditation with me1
 whether or not ,i am constituted as    
other men are4 ,are others played upon  
in this way by some slight              
occurrence--by meeting with a face seen 
before only in a dream1 by a peculiar   
smile1 by a gesture1 by a sigh1 by a    
voice singing in the darkness8 ,if not1 
who will understand the delicious       
watchful hours ,i passed that night1 or 
the dreams1 spangled with bright eyes1  
fairy forms1 purple clouds1 golden      
gleams1 and buzzing with sweeter        
warblings than ever rolled in a         
nightingale's throat1 that lured me on  
until morning8  ,naturally1 the first   
inquiries ,i made were about the voice2 
but ,i did not that day meet with any   
success4 ,when evening approached1 ,i   
again went up to the terrace2 and1 not  
to lengthen the story1 ,i did see1 just 

as the sun went down upon a low house   
not very far off1 but looking into      
another street1 a little fairy figure   
walking up and down1 and leading a child
 by the hand4 ,a kind of instinct told  
me that the voice was embodied before   
me2 and1 presently1 all doubt was set at
 rest4 ,the same silver tones rose upon 
the air2 and this time ,i recognized    
that the song was in the ,greek         
language4 ,i remained looking intently  
in that direction1 until the form faded 
into a mere shadow2 and then1 as        
darkness increased1 seemed to multiply  
before my aching eyes1 and assume all   
sorts of fantastical shapes4 ,every now 
and then1 a couplet1 or a stanza1 came  
sweeping up4 ,it was evident the lady1  
whoever she might be1 was not singing   
merely to amuse the child4 ,the notes   
were sometimes lively1 but1 in general1 
sad and plaintive4 ,i listened long     
after the last quaver had died away2 and
 was rather sulky when ,ali came with   
the persevering joke that the camel was 

getting cold6  ,next day ,i suddenly    
remembered that an old ,greek priest had
 frequently invited me to go to his     
house2 and reproaching myself with the  
want of politeness ,i had hitherto      
exhibited1 ,i ordered my donkey to be   
saddled1 and started off4 ,the ride was 
only of a few streets2 it seemed to me  
quite a journey4 ,on arriving1 the      
worthy papa was fortunately at home1 and
 by himself4 ,he was delighted with my  
visit2 and1 after a small altercation   
with his servant1 succeeded in getting  
me some coffee and a pipe4 ,i admired   
the art with which ,i wound toward my   
query4 ,the old gentleman suspected     
nothing2 but when ,i casually asked if  
he knew who it was among his countrymen 
who sang like an angel1 he quickly      
replied1 ,it must be ,silver-,voice1 as 
she is called among the ,moslem6  ,i    
overturned my pipe on the mat in my     
eagerness to turn round and listen4     
,excellent old man6 instead of clapping 
his hands for the servant1 he went down 

upon his knees to collect the scattered 
tobacco1 and replace it in the bowl1 and
 silenced my excuse with as mild an ,it 
is no matter1 my son6 as ever passed the
 lips of one of our species4 ,he grew   
before my eyes in that humble posture2  
and when he returned to his seat1 seemed
 fifty times as venerable as before4    
,the same spirit would have led him to  
wash the feet of the poor4  ,he then    
told me the story of ,silver-,voice and 
her sister3  ,many years ago1 a ,greek  
merchant was walking through the        
slave-market1 when he beheld for sale a 
little girl1 so beautiful1 and yet so   
sad1 that though he was on the way to   
conclude a bargain for fifty thousand   
ardebs of beans1 he could not prevail on
 himself to pass indifferently on4  ',of
 what country8' he inquired4  ',a       
,candiote1' replied the slave-dealer4   
,she was from his own beloved island4   
',how much8'  ',five thousand piastres4'
  ',i will pay the price4' ,the bargain 
was concluded on the spot4 ,another     

merchant got the beans2 but ,kariades   
took home the ,silver-,voice to his     
house4  ,the girl followed him silently1
 hanging down her head1 and refusing to 
answer the questions he put in his kind1
 bluff way4 ,some great sorrow evidently
 weighed upon her1 and she refused to be
 comforted4 ,when1 however1 ,kariades   
presented her to his wife1 and said1    
',this shall be our daughter1' the child
 opened her mouth and cried1            
',wherefore1 oh father1 didst thou not  
come to the slave-market one short hour 
before8' ,he asked her meaning1 and she 
explained that her sister had been      
separated from her1 and sold to a ,turk2
 'and1' cried she1 ',i will not live    
unless ,zo be brought back to my side4' 
,kariades smiled as he replied1 ',i went
 forth1 this day to buy beans1 and ,i   
have come back with a daughter4 ,must ,i
 needs go and fetch another8' ',you     
must6' said the girl1 resolutely4  ,from
 that hour forth she was the queen in   
the house4 ,kariades returned to the    

slave-market1 but1 strange to say1 could
 find no clew to the fate of ,zo1       
although he offered double her price to 
the dealer4 ,it was believed that she   
had been bought by a stranger merely    
passing through ,cairo1 and making no   
stay2 for the public crier was employed 
to go about the streets and proclaim    
that whoever would produce the girl     
should receive whatever he demanded4    
,all was in vain4 ,time passed on2 and  
the active grief of the ,silver-,voice  
sobered down into steadfast melancholy4 
,she continued living as the daughter or
 rather as the mistress of the house1   
knowing no want but that of her sister1 
and enchanting every one with the       
magnificence of her singing1 until she  
reached the age of sixteen years4  ,one 
day ,kariades said to her1 ',my child1  
,i must seek a husband for thee among   
the merchants of my people4' ,but she   
firmly refused1 declaring that there    
could be no joy for her unless she knew 
that her sister was not living in       

wretched thralldom in the house of some 
cruel ,turk4  ',but1' said he1 'what if 
death have overtaken her8'  ',we        
promised1 as we lay folded in each      
other's arms the night before we were   
parted1 to be happy or sorrowful        
together--to laugh at the same time1 to 
weep at the same time--and if one died1 
the other was never to cease grieving4  
,i remember that1 as they were dragging 
,zo away1 she turned her pale face1 all 
sparkling with tears1 toward me1 and    
cried1 forever6'  ',meaning that you    
were parted forever8'  ',no2 but that we
 were to be faithful to our vow forever4
 ,i never shall forget the agonizing    
expression of that face4 ,how can ,i8 ,i
 see it every night in my dreams2 and   
painful though it be1 ,i rush into sleep
 as eagerly to behold it as if ,i were  
going into ,paradise4 ,no3 ,i will never
 marry while that face threatens to     
interpose between my husband and me4'   
',then this vision torments thee8'      
',ah1 father6' and she shuddered1 and   

bent her head4  ,it was evident that her
 mind was weakened by too much          
contemplation of one idea4  ,kariades   
yielded before a will stronger than his 
own1 and nothing more was said either   
about marriage or the lost ,zo for      
nearly a year4 ,at the end of this time1
 ,silver-,voice appeared before the good
 old man1 and said1 ',father1 give me   
money2 ,i have thought of a means by    
which ,i may find my sister ,zo4' ,he   
looked sadly at her1 but gave her what  
she required4 ,next day she disappeared1
 and was not heard of for several weeks4
 ,then she returned1 consoled her       
adopted parents by her presence for a   
while1 and again departed without giving
 the least indication of how she        
employed her time4 ,nor did they ask    
her1 confident that all she did was     
prompted by that most powerful of all   
loves--the love of a sister supplying a 
mother's place4 ,the truth was1 that she
 had hired a number of houses in various
 parts of ,cairo1 and visited them      

alternately1 in order to pass the       
evenings singing on the terrace4        
,despite the failure of the researches  
made by ,kariades1 she remained         
persuaded that ,zo was in ,cairo1 and   
hoped that the echoes of her magnificent
 voice might at length go as messengers 
into the depths of every harem1 and make
 known her presence4 ,the whole city was
 by turns rendered happy by the         
,silver-,voice2 but as it was heard now 
in the ,citadel1 now near the           
,bisket-el-,fil1 anon at the ,bab       
,zuweileh1 men began to think strange   
things4 ,it was curious1 indeed1 to hear
 the speculations of the gossiping      
,turks about this ubiquitous voice4 ,i  
remember laughing much at the wise      
arguments by which one of them1 who had 
heard the fable of ,memnon's statue1    
demonstrated to me that the sound came  
from no human organ at all1 but was     
produced by the rays of the setting sun 
striking in some peculiar way upon the  
minarets4  ,a whole year passed in this 

manner without bringing any thing new2  
but the beautiful patience of the       
,silver-,voice was at length after a    
fashion rewarded4 ,better had it been1  
perhaps1 for her1 had her soul been     
wafted away in some sad song4 ,she was  
standing one evening1 long after the sun
 had set1 filling the air with her      
plaintive notes1 and calling1 as usual1 
upon her sister2 suddenly there rose a  
cry--a piercing1 terrible cry1 such as  
no mortal ever utters but when the      
sanctuary of life is invaded4 ,at that  
awful sound the ,silver-,voice was      
struck dumb4 ,she stood listening like a
 gazelle when it hears the howl of a    
wolf afar off upon the desert4 ,the wild
 accents seemed to hang for a moment    
over her1 and then fell into her ear1   
moulding1 as they fell1 into the words1 
,my sister6 ,how it came to pass she    
could not tell3 over the parapet1 along 
a crumbling wall1 across a ruined house1
 she passed as if by magic1 until she   
fell like a moonbeam through an open    

window1 and saw upon a rich couch the   
form of an expiring woman lying4 ,it was
 her sister ,zo4 ,the blow had been too 
well aimed3 it had gone to her heart1   
and the life-blood bubbled rapidly forth
 between her white fingers1 which she   
pressed1 to her side4 ,one eloquent     
glance1 in which eyes mingled with eyes1
 while lips hung upon lips1 was         
exchanged4 ,there was not time1 neither 
was there need1 to tell their stories in
 any other way4 ,the dying woman made   
one effort1 pointed to a cradle that    
stood under a cloud of gauze curtains in
 a corner1 then smiled a long1          
impassioned smile of recognition1 of    
gratitude1 and of love1 seemed to wander
 a little back in memory1 murmured some 
pleasant sounds1 and was still4  ,the   
,silver-,voice rose solemnly1 and       
casting her eyes about1 beheld a man    
crouching in a corner weeping4 ',it is  
all over6' she said4 ',all over6' he    
replied1 looking up4 ,but ,i will not   
weary you with the scene in which the   

wretched man--a ,greek renegade--related
 how he had bought ,zo--how he had loved
 her1 and made her his wife--how they   
had traveled in far countries--how he   
was jealous1 ever1 as he acknowledged1  
without cause--and how1 in a fit of     
madness1 he had slain the mother of his 
child4 ,when he had finished1 he led the
 bewildered ,silver-,voice to the       
cradle1 and thrusting aside the         
curtains1 disclosed the miniature       
counterpart of ,zo1 sleeping as if it   
had been lulled into deeper slumber by  
its mother's death-cries4 ,then1        
stealing toward the corpse with the step
 of one about to commit a new crime1 he 
snatched a hasty kiss1 and rushed away4 
,what became of him was never known4    
,silver-,voice performed the last duties
 for poor ,zo1 and took the child under 
her care4 ,since that time she has      
almost always continued to live in the  
house from the roof of which she heard  
her sister's cry2 and though apparently 
rational in every thing else1 never     

fails to go up each evening and sing the
 song she used to sing of old1 though in
 a more plaintive and despairing tone4  
,if asked wherefore she acts in this    
wise1 her reply is1 that she is seeking 
for her sister ,zo1 and nobody attempts 
to contradict the harmless delusion4    
,several years have now passed away     
since this event1 and the child has     
become a handsome boy4 ,you may see them
 both at the church to-morrow4  ,i      
thanked the worthy papa for his story   
more warmly1 perhaps1 than he expected4 
,he had been as much pleased by         
narrating as ,i had been by listening2  
but he was not very particular about the
 quality of his facts1 and              
unintentionally made me do penance for  
the excessive pleasure ,i had           
experienced by giving me an account--two
 hours long1 and with equal unction--of 
a tremendous controversy then raging as 
to the proper form of electing the      
sub-patriarch of ,cairo4 ,it would have 
been ungrateful to interrupt him1       

although there seemed no end to his     
garrulity4 ,fortunately1 two or three   
people at length came in2 ,i compromised
 my dignity as a heretic by kissing his 
hand1 and escaped1 to turn over this    
curious story in my mind4 ,next day ,i  
went to the ,greek church1 and saw a    
melancholy-looking face through the bars
 of the cage-like gallery in which the  
women sit4 ,i am quite certain it was   
that of ,lady ,silver-,voice1 but no one
 whom ,i asked seemed to know her4 ,the 
boy did not show himself4 ,it was my    
intention to go another ,sunday1 and    
observe more accurately1 for ,i really  
felt a deep interest in this unfortunate
 lady4 ,but other thoughts and          
occupations came upon me1 and it was    
only by an accident that1 as ,i have    
said1 these circumstances recurred last 
night to my mind4     ,,the ,,crocodile 
,,battery4   ,in the summer of #ahdf1   
when every body in ,england was crazy   
with railway gambling1 ,i was sojourning
 on the banks of the ,rohan1 a small    

stream in one of the northwestern       
provinces of ,india4 ,here ,i first     
became acquainted1 with the ,mugger1 or 
,indian crocodile4 ,i had often before  
leaving ,england1 seen1 in museums1     
stuffed specimens of the animal1 and had
 read in ,voyages and ,travels1 all     
sorts of horrible and incredible stories
 concerning them4 ,i had a lively       
recollection of ,waterton riding close  
to the water's edge on the back of an   
,american cayman1 and ,i had a confused 
notion of sacred crocodiles on the banks
 of the ,nile4 ,i always felt more or   
less inclined to regard the whole race  
as having affinities with ,sinbad's roc1
 and the wild men of the woods1 who only
 refrained from speaking for fear of    
being made to work4  ,my ideas          
respecting the natural history of       
crocodiles were in this stage of        
development when1 one day1 while        
paddling up the ,rohan1 ,i saw what     
appeared to be a half-burned log of wood
 lying on a sand-bank4 ,i paddled close 

up to it4 ,to my astonishment1 it proved
 to be a huge reptile4 ,the old stories 
of dragons1 griffins1 and monsters1     
seemed no longer fables2 the            
speculations of geologists concerning1  
mososaurians1 hylsaurians1 and          
plesiosaurians1 were no longer dreams4  
,there1 in all his scaly magnificence1  
was a real saurian1 nearly eighteen feet
 long4 ,for a while ,i stood gazing at  
this1 to me1 new fellow-citizen of the  
world1 and speculating on his mental    
constitution4 ,the monster was1 or      
pretended to be1 asleep4 ,i wondered if 
he dreamt1 and what his dreams or       
reveries might be about2 possibly he was
 dreaming of the same old world with    
which ,i associated him--possibly of the
 fish who were swimming in the waters   
below3 or1 he might be thinking of the  
men and women he had swallowed in the   
course of his existence4 ,there was a   
snort2 perhaps that was occasioned by   
the bugles and heavy brass ornaments    
which had adorned the limbs of some     

,hindoo beauty he had eaten1 and which  
were lying heavy and indigestible on his
 stomach4 ,but presently the brute lay  
so still1 and seemed so tranquil and    
placid in his sleep1 that it was        
difficult to imagine him guilty of such 
atrocities4 ,he did not appear to be    
disturbed by remorse1 or the twitchings 
of a guilty conscience3 it may have been
 all a slander4 ,i felt so kindly       
disposed toward him1 that ,i could not  
imagine it possible that if awake he    
would feel disposed to eat me4 ,let us  
see6 so making a splash with my paddle1 
,i wakened the sleeping beauty4 ,he     
instantly started up1 and opened1 what  
appeared--what indeed proved to be--an  
enlarged man-trap2 disclosing a red1    
slimy cavern within1 fringed with great 
conical fangs4 ,he closed it with a snap
 that made me shudder1 and then plunged 
into the water1 his eyes glaring with   
hate and defiance4  ,some days after ,i 
had made this new acquaintance1 ,i was  
sitting at home talking with my brother1

 when a native woman came crying and    
screaming to the bungalow door1 tearing 
her hair out in handfuls2 she got down  
on the veranda floor and struck her head
 against it1 as if she really meant to  
dash her brains out4 ,a crowd of other  
women stood at a short distance1 crying 
and lamenting as if they were frantic4  
,what was the matter8 ,half-a-dozen     
voices made answer in a discordant      
chorus1 that while the poor woman was   
washing her clothes by the river side1  
her child--an infant about a year       
old--had been seized and swallowed by a 
,mugger4 ,although convinced that aid   
was now impossible1 we took our guns and
 hastened to the spot where the accident
 happened2 but all was still there1 not 
a wavelet disturbed the surface of the  
stream4 ,a small speckled kingfisher was
 hovering overhead1 as if balanced in   
the air1 with its beak bent down on its 
breast1 watching the fish beneath2      
presently it darted like an arrow into  
the water2 returned with an empty bill1 

and then went off1 with its clear1      
sharp1 twittering note1 as if to console
 itself for the failure4  ,one day ,i   
was sitting on the high bank of the     
river1 taking snap shots with my gun at 
the large fish who were every now and   
then leaping out of the water4 ,a       
favorite spaniel was bringing a fish out
 of the water that ,i had hit4 ,it had  
swam already half way across the stream1
 when the water about six yards below   
her became suddenly disturbed2 and1 to  
my horror1 up started the head and open 
jaws of an enormous crocodile4 ,the dog 
gave a loud shriek1 and sprang half out 
of the water4 ,the ,mugger swam rapidly1
 and had got within a yard of his       
intended victim1 when ,i raised my gun1 
and took aim at the monster's head4 ,a  
thud1 a splash1 a bubble1 and a dusky   
red streak in the water1 was all that   
ensued4 ,presently1 however1 ,juno's    
glossy black head emerged from the      
water2 and1 to my delight1 began to make
 rapid progress toward me1 and landed   

safely4 ,the poor brute1 wet and        
shivering1 coiled herself up at my feet1
 with her bright hazel eyes fixed on    
mine with ineffable satisfaction4 ,poor 
,juno subsequently fell a victim to the 
,muggers1 when her master was not at    
hand to succor her4 ,i mention these    
facts1 to show that the diabolical      
revenge with which ,i afterward assisted
 in visiting these monsters1 was not    
groundless4 ,but the strongest occasion 
of it remains to be told4  ,just as the 
rains were beginning1 my neighbor1 ,mr4 
,hall1 sent me word that he intended    
paying me a short visit1 and requested  
me to send a syce 7groom71 with a       
saddle-horse1 to meet him at a certain  
place on the road4 ,the syce1 ,sidhoo1  
was a smart1 open-chested1 sinewy-limbed
 little fellow1 a perfect model of a    
biped racer4 ,he could run--as is the   
custom in the ,east--alongside his horse
 at a pace of seven or eight miles an   
hour1 for a length of time that would   
astonish the best ,english pedestrian ,i

 ever heard of4  ,toward evening1 ,mr4  
,hall rode up to the bungalow1 dripping 
with water1 and covered with mud4 ,i saw
 at once that some accident had         
happened1 and hastened to assist him4   
,as soon as he got inside1 he said1 in  
answer to my bantering about his spill--
  ,i am in no humor for jesting4 ,your  
syce is lost6  ,drowned8  ,no2          
eaten6--by an enormous crocodile6  ,he  
added that1 on arriving at a small nulla
 about two miles off1 he found it so    
much swollen by rain1 that he had to    
swim his horse across it1 holding one   
end of the cord which ,sidhoo1 in common
 with most ,hindoos1 wore coiled round  
his waist1 and which was used in pulling
 water from the deep wells of the       
country4 ,hall got safely across1 and   
then commenced pulling ,sidhoo over by  
means of the cord4 ,the black face1 with
 the white teeth and turban1 were       
bobbing above the muddy water1 when all 
at once the groom threw up his arms1    
gave a loud shriek1 and sank below the  

surface4 ,mr4 ,hall1 who had doubled the
 cord round his hand1 was dragged into  
the water2 where he got a momentary     
glimpse of the long serrated tail of a  
,mugger1 lashing the water a short way  
ahead of him4 ,in his efforts to save   
himself1 he lost his hold of the string1
 and with much difficulty clambered up  
the slippery bank of the nulla4 ,all was
 now still4 ,only ,sidhoo's turban was  
to be seen floating loosely1 a          
considerable way down the stream4 ,hall 
ran toward it1 with the sort of feeling 
which makes a drowning man catch at a   
straw2 and1 by means of a stick he      
succeeded in fishing it out1 and brought
 it with him1 as the only remnant of    
,sidhoo he could give an account of4    
,bad news soon spreads in an ,indian    
village1 and ,sidhoo's fate was soon    
made known to his wife2 and in a short  
time she came crying and sobbing to the 
bungalow1 and laid her youngest child at
 our friend's feet4 ,the tears glistened
 in the poor fellow's eyes as he tried  

to soothe and console her2 which he did 
by promising to provide for her and her 
children4  ,although ,hall was generally
 running over with fun1 we smoked our   
cheroots that evening in silence2 except
 when we proposed schemes for the       
annihilation of the crocodiles4 ,a great
 many plans were discussed--but none    
that offered much chance of success4    
,the next day1 after breakfast1 ,i was  
showing my visitor a galvanic blasting  
apparatus1 lately received from         
,england1 for blowing up the snags      
7stumps of trees7 which obstruct the    
navigation of the river4 ,i was         
explaining its mode of action to him1   
when he suddenly interrupted me--,the   
very thing6 ,instead of snags1 why not  
blow up the ,muggers8  ,i confessed that
 there could be no reason why we should 
not blast the ,muggers4 ,the difficulty 
was only how to manage it2 yet the more 
we talked of it1 the more feasible did  
the scheme appear4  ,the brutes keep    
pretty constant to the same quarters1   

when the fish are plentiful2 and we soon
 ascertained that poor ,sidhoo's        
murderer was well known in the          
neighborhood of the nulla4 ,he had on   
several occasions carried off goats1    
sheep1 pigs1 and children2 and had once 
attempted to drag a buffalo1 whom he had
 caught drinking1 into the water2 but1  
from all accounts1 came off second best 
in this rencontre4 ,there not being     
enough of water in the nulla to drown   
the buffalo1 the ,mugger soon found he  
had caught a ,tartar2 and after being   
well mauled by the buffalo's horns1 he  
was fain to scuttle off and hide himself
 among the mud4  ,i had observed1 when  
blasting the snags1 that the concussion 
produced by the discharge had the effect
 of killing all the fish within a range 
of some twenty or thirty yards4 ,after  
every explosion1 they were found in     
great numbers1 floating on the surface  
of the water with their bellies         
uppermost4 ,it now occurred to me1 that 
if we could only get within a moderate  

distance of the ,mugger1 if we did not  
blow him to pieces1 we would at all     
events give him a shock that would      
rather astonish him4 ,an explosion of   
gunpowder under water communicates a    
much severer shock to the objects in its
 immediate vicinity1 than the same      
quantity of powder exploded in the air2 
the greater density of the water        
enabling it1 as it were1 to give a      
harder blow4  ,having made our          
arrangements1 ,mr4 ,hall1 my brother1   
and myself1 got into a small canoe1 with
 the blasting apparatus on board1 and   
dropt down the stream to where the nulla
 discharged its waters into the ,rohan4 
,he then got out and proceeded to a     
village close by1 where we obtained for 
a few annas1 the carcass of a young kid4
 ,a flask with about six pounds of      
gunpowder1 and having the conducting    
wires attached1 was then sewn into the  
kid's belly4 ,two ,strong ropes were    
also tied to this bait2 and1 to one of  
these1 the conducting wire was firmly   

bound with small cord4 ,the ropes were  
about thirty yards long1 and had each   
attached to its extremities one of the  
inflated goat-skins used by             
water-carriers4 ,hall1 with his         
goat-skin under his arm1 and a coil of  
loose rope in his hand1 took one side of
 the nulla1 while my brother1 similarly 
provided took the other4 ,my brother's  
rope contained the wire2 so ,i walked   
beside him1 while two coolies1 with the 
battery ready charged1 and slung to a   
pole which rested on their shoulders1   
accompanied me4 ,a small float was also 
attached by a string to the kid1 so as  
to indicate its position4  ,these       
arrangements being made1 we commenced   
walking up the nulla1 dragging the      
carcass of the kid in the stream1 and   
moving it across1 from side to side1 so 
as to leave no part of the bed untried2 
and1 as the nulla was only about twelve 
yards wide1 we felt pretty confident    
that1 if the ,mugger were in it1 we     
could scarcely fail of coming in contact

 with him4 ,we had proceeded only about 
a quarter of a mile1 when the float     
suddenly dipt4 ,my brother and ,hall    
threw the loose coil of ropes they      
carried on the water1 along with the    
inflated skins4 ,these made it soon     
evident by their motion that the ,mugger
 had seized the kid4 ,he was dashing    
across1 in a zig-zag direction1 down the
 stream4 ,i ran after him as fast as ,i 
could2 and paying out the cord from the 
reel1 when ,i found it impossible to    
keep up with him4 ,on reaching a place  
where the banks were steeper than usual1
 he came to a stand still4 ,i got on the
 top of the bank1 and commenced hauling 
in the rope4 ,i did not1 however1       
venture to lift the skin out of the     
water1 for fear of disturbing him1 until
 the coolies with the battery had time  
to come up4 ,this was a very anxious    
time2 for1 if the ,mugger had shifted   
his quarters before they came up1 a     
fresh run with him would have ensued1   
with the chance of his breaking the     

wires with his teeth4 ,after a while ,i 
heard the coolies approaching1 and my   
brother scolding them1 and urging them  
to hasten on4 ,just as their heads      
appeared above the bank1 the foremost   
coolie tripped his foot and fell--,i    
groaned with disappointment--presently1 
my brother came along with them1 and    
brought the battery to my feet2 a good  
deal of the acid had been spilt1 but1   
with the aid of a bottle of fresh acid  
we had brought along with us1 we soon   
got the battery up to the requisite     
power4 ,every thing being now in order1 
,i commenced pulling up the rope with   
the wire4 ,i proceeded as cautiously as 
possible for fear of disturbing the     
,mugger2 but1 in spite of all my        
efforts1 the inflated skin1 in coming up
 the bank1 dislodged some loose pieces  
of earth1 and sent them splashing into  
the water4 ,fortunately1 however1 the   
,mugger had made up his mind to digest  
the kid where he was4 ,i could not help 
chuckling when ,i at length got hold of 

the end of the wires4 ,while my brother 
was fastening one of them to the        
battery1 ,i got the other ready for     
completing the circuit4 ,the ,mugger all
 the while lying still at the bottom of 
the nulla with1 most likely1 a couple of
 fathoms of water over his head1        
unconscious of danger1 and little       
dreaming that the two-legged creatures  
on the bank had got a nerve             
communicating with his stomach1 through 
which they were going to send a flash of
 lightning that would shatter his scaly 
hulk to pieces4  ,every thing being now 
ready1 ,i made the fatal contact4 ,our  
success was complete6 ,we felt a shock1 
as if something had fallen down the     
bank--a mound of muddy water rose1 with 
a muffled1 rumbling sound1 and then     
burst out to a column of dark smoke4 ,a 
splashing and bubbling succeeded1 and   
then a great crimson patch floated on   
the water1 like a variegated carpet     
pattern4 ,strange-looking fragments of  
scaly skin were picked up by the natives

 from the water's edge1 and brought to  
us amidst a very general rejoicing4 ,the
 exploded ,mugger floated down the      
stream1 and the current soon carried it 
out of sight4 ,we were not at all sorry1
 for it looked such a horrible mess that
 we felt no desire to examine it4  ,our 
sense of triumphant satisfaction was1   
however1 sadly damped about a week      
afterward1 when we received the         
mortifying announcement1 that ,sidhoo's 
,mugger was still alive1 and on his old 
beat1 apparently uninjured4 ,it was     
evident that we had blasted the wrong   
,mugger6 ,we consoled ourselves with the
 reflection1 that if he were not        
,sidhoo's murderer1 it was very likely  
he was not wholly innocent of other     
atrocities1 and therefore deserved his  
fate4  ,of course it was impossible to  
rest while ,sidhoo's ,mugger remained   
alive1 so we were not long in preparing 
for a second expedition4 ,this time we  
took the precaution of not charging the 
battery until we were certain that the  

bait was swallowed4 ,the acid1 diluted  
to the necessary strength1 was1         
therefore1 carried in one of those brown
 earthenware jars called gray-beards1   
which had come out to us full of        
,glenlivet whisky4 ,we commenced        
dragging the kid up the stream1 as      
before2 but1 having walked more than a  
mile without getting a bite1 we were    
getting rather disheartened1 and sat    
down to rest1 struck a light1 and smoked
 a cheroot4 ,hall laid down1 having     
manufactured an impromptu easy chair out
 of his coil of rope1 with the inflated 
goat-skin placed above it4 ,my brother  
was not long in imitating his example1  
and ,i laid down under the shade of some
 reeds1 near to the water's edge4 ,the  
heat was oppressive1 and we were        
discussing the probability of getting a 
bite that day1 and lamenting that we had
 not brought some pale ale along with   
us1 when1 when1 all at once1 ,i got a   
sharp blow on the leg1 while my brother 
came spinning down the bank like a      

teetotem--a companion picture to ,hall2 
who was revolving down the opposite     
bank4 ,the ropes and skins went rushing 
down the nulla at a tremendous pace4 ,as
 soon as we recovered from the laughter 
into which we were thrown by this droll 
contretemps1 we set off in pursuit1     
guided by the track which the inflated  
skins made in the water4 ,on they went1 
dashing from side to side1 as they had  
done in our first attempt4 ,on coming to
 a place where the nulla made a sharp   
turn1 they stood still under the high   
bank1 on the inner curve of the bend4   
,it unfortunately happened that the     
bank1 near to which the skins were      
floating1 was too precipitous for us to 
get near them1 without starting the     
,mugger from his present position4 ,with
 much labor1 we detached some loose sods
 from the top of the bank1 and sent them
 with a loud splash into the water1     
directly over where we imagined him to  
have taken up his quarters4 ,this had   
the desired effect1 for the skins began 

to move slowly down the stream1 as if   
the ,mugger were crawling leisurely     
along the bottom4  ,leaving my brother  
with the coolies in charge of the       
battery1 ,i ran on to where the bank was
 more shelving4 ,by good luck1 the      
stream was rushing up1 after its sudden 
sweep1 and sent a strong current against
 this bank4 ,i had not waited many      
minutes1 before the skins came floating 
round the corner1 to where ,i was       
standing4 ,i seized the one to which the
 wire was attached1 desiring my brother 
to charge the battery1 and bring it     
down4 ,this he did much sooner than ,i  
could have expected2 for1 as the battery
 was now empty1 one coolie was able to  
carry it on his head1 while my brother  
took the jar of acid in his hand4 ,it   
was evident from the motion of the other
 skin in the water that the ,mugger was 
still moving--so no time was to be lost4
 ,i made the connection with the battery
 with one of the wires2 in another      
instant the circuit was complete1 and   

the ,mugger's doom sealed4  ,there was a
 momentary pause--owing1 ,i suppose1 to 
some slight loss of insulation in the   
wires--then came the premonitory shock1 
then the rumble1 the smoke1 and the     
sparks2 and a great bloated mass of     
flesh and blood rose to the surface of  
the water4 ,hall called out to us to    
drag it ashore1 and see whether we could
 get any trace of poor ,sidhoo4 ,we     
tried by means of a bamboo pole to pull 
it to the bank1 but the glimpse we got  
of it as it neared was so unutterably   
disgusting1 that we pushed it off again1
 and allowed it to float away down with 
the current4  ,that this was ,sidhoo's  
,mugger1 there could be no doubt2 for he
 was never seen or heard of in the      
neighborhood again4     ,a ,,chapter    
,,on ,,dreams4   ,when we picture to    
ourselves a person lying in a state of  
profound sleep--the body slightly curved
 upon itself2 the limbs relaxed2 the    
head reclining on its pillow2 and       
eyelids closed--it is wonderful to think

 what strange and startling imagery may 
be passing through the brain of that    
apparently unconscious being4 ,the      
events of his whole life may hurry past 
him in dim obscurity2 he may be         
revisited by the dead2 he may be        
transported into regions he never before
 beheld2 and his ideas visibly assuming 
phantasmal shapes1 may hover round him  
like shadows reflected from another and 
more spiritual state of existence4  ,let
 us draw the curtains gently aside1 and 
study the physiognomy of sleep4  ,the   
countenance may1 occasionally1 be       
observed lighted up1 as it were1 from   
within by a passing dream--its          
expression is frequently one of peculiar
 mildness and benignity2 the breathing  
may be slow1 but it is calm and uniform3
 the pulse not so rapid as in the waking
 state1 but soft and regular2 the       
composure of the whole body may continue
 trance-like and perfect4 ,there is1    
indeed1 no sign of innocence more       
touching than the smile of a sleeping   

infant4 ,but1 suddenly1 this state of   
tranquillity may be disturbed2 the      
dreamer changes his position and become 
restless2 he moans grievously--perhaps  
sobs--and tears may be observed         
glimmering underneath his eyelids2 his  
whole body now seems to be shaken by    
some inward convulsion2 but1 presently1 
the strife abates2 the storm-cloud      
gradually passes2 he stretches his      
limbs1 opens his eyes1 and1 as he       
awakes1 daylight1 in an instant1 dispels
 the vision1 perhaps leaving not behind 
the faintest trace or recollection of a 
single incident which occurred in this  
mysterious state4  ,but what are dreams8
 ,whence come they8 ,what do they       
portend8 ,not man only1 but all animals1
 it is presumed1 dream1 more or less1   
when they are asleep4 ,horses neigh1 and
 sometimes kick violently2 cows1 when   
suckling their young calves1 often utter
 piteous lowings2 dogs bark in          
suppressed tones1 and1 from the motions 
of their paws1 appear to fancy          

themselves in the field of the chase2   
even frogs1 particularly during summer1 
croak loudly and discordantly until     
midnight1 and then retire1 and become   
silent4 ,birds also dream2 and will     
sometimes1 when frightened1 fall from   
their roosting-perch1 or flutter about  
their cage1 in evident alarm4 ,a        
bullfinch1 says ,bechstein1 belonging to
 a lady1 was subject to very frightful  
dreams1 which made it drop off its      
perch2 but no sooner did it hear the    
voice of its affectionate mistress than 
it became immediately tranquil1 and     
reascended its perch to sleep again4 ,it
 is pretty certain that parrots dream4  
,it is1 indeed1 a curious circumstance  
that the best way of teaching this bird 
to talk is to cover the cage over so as 
to darken it1 and while he is going to  
sleep pronounce1 audibly and slowly1 the
 word he is to learn2 if the winged     
pupil be a clever one1 he will1 upon the
 repetition of the lesson1 in a morning 
or two1 begin to repeat it4  ,upon the  

same principle1 school-boys commit their
 tasks to memory by reading them over   
the last thing before they go to bed4   
,it is to be remembered that during     
sleep the mind may not be wholly under  
eclipse2 for1 although some of its      
faculties--such as perception1          
comparison1 judgment1 and especially the
 will1 may be suspended--others 7for    
example1 memory and imagination71 are   
often more active than in the waking    
state4 ,but some persons1 it is said1   
never dream4 ,we are assured by ,locke  
that he knew a gentleman who had an     
excellent memory1 yet could not         
recollect ever having dreamed until his 
twenty-sixth year4 ,dr4 ,reid1 for many 
years before his death1 had no          
recollection of having ever dreamed4    
,dr4 ,eliotson also relates1 apparently 
upon good authority1 the case of a man  
who never dreamed until after he had a  
fever1 in his fortieth year2 and we     
ourselves know several persons who are  
not conscious of ever dreaming4         

,nevertheless1 many contend that in all 
such cases dreams really occur1 but that
 they escape the recollection2 for they 
contend that it is impossible that the  
mind can1 being an independent          
principle1 ever be in a state of        
absolute rest4 ,this is arguing within a
 very narrow circle4 ,we must not forget
 that the intimate alliance of the mind 
with the body1 subjects it to its       
general laws2 the heat-oppressed brain  
requires rest to renew its energies1 and
 the mind1 of which it is the organ1 in 
the mean time1 may1 as in profound      
sleep1 remain perfectly quiescent4 ,the 
lids of the outward senses are closed2 a
 vail is drawn over the immaterial      
principle of our nature2 and mind and   
body alike1 for a period1 lie in a state
 of utter unconsciousness4  ,here1      
however1 it may fairly be asked1 how    
happens it that the same person will at 
one time remember1 and1 at another1     
forget his dreams8 ,this circumstance   
may1 we conceive1 thus be explained3    

,those dreams which occur in very deep  
sleep1 and in the early part of the     
night1 are not so likely to be          
remembered as those which happen toward 
morning1 when the sleep is less         
profound2 hence the popular notion that 
our morning dreams--which are always    
best remembered--are likely to prove    
true4 ,then1 again1 the imagery of some 
dreams is more striking1 and actually   
makes a deeper impression than the      
incidents of other dreams4 ,we are told 
by ,sir ,humphrey ,davy1 that1 on one   
occasion1 a dream was so strongly       
impressed upon his eye1 that even after 
he had risen and walked out1 he could   
not be persuaded of its unreal nature1  
until his friends convinced him of its  
impossibility4 ,the effect of some      
dreams upon children is very remarkable2
 they are1 it is believed1 more liable  
to dreams of terror than grown persons1 
which may be accounted for by their     
being more subject to a variety of      
internal complaints1 such as teething1  

convulsions1 derangement of the bowels1 
c42 added to which1 their reasoning     
faculties are not as yet sufficiently   
developed to correct such erroneous     
impressions4 ,hence1 sometimes1 children
 appear1 when they awake1 bewildered and
 distressed1 and remain for a           
considerable period in a state of       
agitation almost resembling delirium4   
,the incidents which are conceived in   
dreams are indeed not unfrequently      
confounded by adults with real events2  
hence1 we often hear people1 in alluding
 to some doubtful circumstance1 exclaim1
 ,well6 if it be not true1 ,i certainly 
must have dreamed it4 ,we confess we    
have ourselves been puzzled in this way2
 the spell may be broken2 but the       
impression made by the delusion still   
clings to us2 its shadow is still thrown
 across our path4  ,the question        
therefore recurs1 ,what are ,dreams8    
,whence do they arise8 ,we believe that 
the ideas and emotions which take place 
in the dreaming state may be ascribed to

 a twofold origin4 ,they may arise from 
certain bodily sensations1 which may    
suggest particular trains of thought and
 feeling2 or they may be derived from   
the operations or activity of the       
thinking principle itself2 in which case
 they are purely mental4 ,the celebrated
 ,dr4 ,james ,gregory--whose premature  
death was a great loss to               
science--states1 that having gone to bed
 with a vessel of hot water at his feet1
 he dreamed of walking up the crater of 
,mount ,etna1 and felt the ground warm  
under him4 ,he likewise1 on another     
occasion1 dreamed of spending a winter  
at ,hudson's ,bay1 and of suffering much
 distress from intense frost2 and found1
 when he awoke1 that he had thrown off  
the bed-clothes in his sleep1 and       
exposed himself to cold4 ,he had been   
reading1 a few days before1 a very      
particular account of this colony4 ,the 
eminent metaphysician1 ,dr4 ,reid1      
relates of himself that the dressing of 
a blister1 which he had applied to his  

head1 becoming ruffled1 so as to produce
 pain1 he dreamed that he had fallen    
into the hands of a party of ,north     
,american ,indians1 who were scalping   
him4 ,these were dreams suggested by    
sensations which1 were conveyed from the
 surface of the body1 through the       
nerves1 until corresponding impression  
was produced on the mind4 ,upon the same
 principle1 very strong impressions     
received during the day may modify and  
very materially influence the character 
of our dreams at night4 ,dr4 ,beattie   
states that once1 after riding thirty   
miles in a very high wind1 he passed a  
night of dreams which were so terrible1 
that he found it expedient to keep      
himself awake1 that he might no longer  
be tormented with them4 ,had ,i been    
superstitious1 he observes1 ,i should   
have thought that some disaster was     
impending2 but it occurred to me that   
the tempestuous weather ,i had          
encountered the preceding day might be  
the cause of all these horrors4 ,other  

and less obvious causes are in constant 
operation4 ,a change in the weather--in 
the electrical state of the             
atmosphere--and its barometrical        
pressure--the temperature of the        
bedroom--arrangements of the            
bed-furniture--the adjustment of the    
bed-clothes--nay1 the position of the   
sleeper1 particularly if he cramp a foot
 or benumb an arm1 will at once affect  
the entire concatenation and issue of   
his dreams4  ,furthermore1 impressions  
may be made on the mind during sleep1 by
 speaking gently to a person1 or even   
whispering in the ear4 ,we ourselves1   
when in ,italy1 could on one occasion   
trace the origin of a very remarkable   
dream to our having heard1 in an obscure
 and half-conscious manner1 during      
sleep1 the noise of people in the       
streets1 on ,all ,souls'-night1 invoking
 alms for the dead4 ,dr4 ,beattie knew a
 man in whom any kind of dream could be 
produced if his friends1 gently         
addressing him1 afforded the            

subject-matter for his ideas4 ,equally  
curious is the circumstance that dreams 
may be produced by whispering in the    
ear4 ,a case of this description is     
recorded by ,dr4 ,abercrombie3  ,an     
officer1 whose susceptibility of having 
his dreams thus conjured before him1 was
 so remarkable1 that his friends could  
produce any kind of dream they pleased1 
by softly whispering in his ear1        
especially if this were done by one with
 whose voice he was familiar4 ,his      
companions were in the constant habit of
 amusing themselves at his expense4 ,on 
one occasion they conducted him through 
the whole progress of a quarrel1 which  
ended in a duel2 and when the parties   
were supposed to meet1 a pistol was put 
into his hand1 which he fired off in his
 sleep1 and was awakened by the report4 
,on another1 they found him asleep on   
the top of a locker or bunker in the    
cabin1 when1 by whispering1 they made   
him believe he had fallen overboard2 and
 they then exhorted him to save himself 

by swimming4 ,he immediately imitated   
the motions of swimming4 ,they then     
suggested to him that he was being      
pursued by a shark1 and entreated him to
 dive for his life4 ,this he did1 or    
rather attempted1 with so much violence1
 that he threw himself off the locker1  
by which he was bruised1 and1 of course1
 awakened4 ,dr4 ,abercrombie adds1 that 
the most remarkable circumstance        
connected with this case was1 that after
 these and a variety of other pranks had
 been played upon him1 he had no        
distinct recollection of his dreams1 but
 only a confused feeling of oppression  
or fatigue1 and used to tell his friends
 that he was sure they had been playing 
some tricks upon him4  ,it appears1     
also--and the fact is very              
remarkable--that a similar kind of      
sensation will produce the same         
description of dream in a number of     
individuals at the same time4 ,hence    
different people will sometimes have the
 same dream4 ,we read of a whole        

regiment starting up in alarm1 declaring
 they were dreaming that a black dog had
 jumped upon their breasts and          
disappeared1 which curious circumstance 
was explained by the discovery1 that    
they had all been exposed to the        
influence of a deleterious gas1 which   
was generated in the monastery4 ,the    
effect of music1 also1 in exciting      
delightful dreams1 has often been       
attested4 ,a ,french philosopher whose  
experiments are reported by ,magendie1  
according to the airs which he had      
arranged should be played while he was  
asleep1 could have the character of his 
dreams directed at pleasure4 ,there is  
an art1 says ,sir ,thomas ,browne--in   
his usual quaint style--to make dreams  
as well as their interpretations2 and   
physicians will tell us that some food  
makes turbulent1 some gives quiet       
dreams4 ,cato1 who doated upon cabbage1 
might find the crude effects thereof2   
and ,pythagoras might have had calmer   
sleeps if he had totally abstained from 

beans4  ,the influences of the day's    
occurrences1 and the thoughts which have
 occupied the mind during the day1 have 
been said to give a corresponding tone  
and coloring to our dreams at night4    
,thus the lover dreams of his mistress2 
the miser of his gold2 the merchant of  
his speculations2 the man of science of 
his discoveries4 ,the poets of all ages 
and nations adopt this view4 ,virgil    
describes ,dido forsaken by neas1       
wandering alone on a desert shore in    
pursuit of the ,tyrians4 ,milton        
represents ,eve relating to ,adam the   
dreams which were very naturally the    
repetition of her waking thoughts4      
,petrarch invokes the beauty of ,laura4 
,eloisa1 separated from ,abelard1 is    
again happy in his company1 even amid   
the dreary wastes and low-browed rocks4 
,there can be no doubt that the dreams  
of many persons are very greatly        
influenced by the reflections and       
emotions they have experienced the      
preceding day2 but this is by no means  

invariably the case4 ,we have known     
persons whose dreams refer habitually to
 events which occurred to them1 perhaps1
 twenty years ago1 and upon whom recent 
events seem to possess no such          
influence4 ,we have often been told by  
ladies happily and affectionately       
married1 that while they were engaged1  
although their thoughts were naturally  
much set on their engagement1 they never
 dreamed of their lovers4 ,so1 also1 the
 father of a family1 habitually         
impressed with a sense of his           
responsibility and affection toward his 
offspring1 will sometimes dream often   
enough of his neighbor's children1 but  
seldom or1 perhaps1 never1 of his own4  
,try to dream on a given                
subject--resolve and fix the attention  
upon it--going to sleep1 and no sooner  
are our eyelids closed1 than fantastic  
fancy will conjure up the most opposite 
and incongruous imagery4 ,we have heard 
this dream-problem explained by         
referring it to a principle of          

antagonism1 which1 waking or sleeping1  
may be observed in the animal economy4  
,if a limb become fatigued by remaining 
too long in one position1 it will be    
relieved by being thrown into the very  
opposite condition2 if the eye fatigue  
itself by gazing intently on the disc of
 any bright color1 and the eyelids      
close1 the very opposite1 or            
antagonistic color will be depicted upon
 the retina3 in like manner1 when our   
waking thoughts--in connection with the 
nerve matter1 which is their material   
instrument--have exhausted their energy1
 we can easily conceive how the very    
opposite condition will be produced4    
,hence the most unconnected and         
preposterous train of imagery may arise 
from the very earnestness with which we 
desire a contrary effect4 ,we dream of  
events which do not concern us1 instead 
of those in which we are most deeply    
interested2 we dream of persons to whom 
we are indifferent1 instead of those to 
whom we are attached4 ,but1 in the midst

 of all this curious and perplexing     
contrariety1 it is remarkable--and may  
be esteemed a proof of the immateriality
 of the mind--that we always preserve   
the consciousness of our own identity4  
,no man dreams that he is a woman1 or   
any other person than himself2 we have  
heard of persons who have dreamed they  
were dead1 and in a spiritual state2 but
 the spirit was still their own--they   
maintained their identity4 ,sir ,thomas 
,lawrence once made an interesting      
observation on this subject to ,mrs4    
,butler--then ,miss ,fanny ,kemble3 he  
pointed out1 in conversation1 that he   
never heard of any lady who ever dreamed
 that she was younger than she really   
was4 ,we retain in our dreams even the  
identity of our age4 ,it has been       
said--we think by ,sir ,thomas          
,browne--that some persons of virtuous  
and honorable principles will commit1 as
 they fancy1 actions in their dreams    
which they would shudder at in their    
waking moments2 but we can not believe  

that the identity of moral goodness can 
be so perverted in the dreaming state4  
,we can1 however1 readily conceive that1
 when the mind is oppressed1 or         
disturbed by the recollection of some   
event it dreads to dwell upon1 it may be
 disturbed by the most terrific and     
ghastly images4 ,a guilty conscience1   
too1 will unquestionably produce        
restlessness1 agitation1 and            
awe-inspiring dreams4 ,hence ,manfred1  
in pacing restlessly his lonely ,gothic 
gallery at midnight1 pictures to himself
 the terrors of sleep3      ,the lamp   
must be replenished2 even then     ,it  
will not burn so long as ,i must watch4 
,my slumbers1 if ,i slumber1 are not    
sleep1     ,but a continuance of        
enduring thought1     ,which then ,i can
 resist not4 ,in my heart     ,there is 
a vigil2 and these eyes     ,but close  
to look within4  ,contrition and remorse
 oppose his rest4 ,if we remember right1
 it was ,bishop ,newton who remarked1   
that the sleep of innocence differed    

essentially from the sleep of guilt4    
,the assistance supposed to be sometimes
 furnished in sleep toward the solution 
of problems which puzzled the waking    
sense1 opens up a curious subject of    
investigation4 ,cases of the kind have  
been recorded upon undoubted authority4 
,hence some philosophers1 like ,sir     
,thomas ,browne and ,addison1 have been 
induced to suppose that the soul in this
 state is partially disengaged from the 
encumbrance of the body1 and therefore  
more intelligent1 which is a mere       
fancy--a poetical fiction4 ,surely it is
 absurd to suppose that the soul1 which 
we invest with such high and perfect    
attributes1 should commit such frivolous
 and irrational acts as these which take
 place so constantly in our dreams4     
,methinks1 observed ,locke1 every drowsy
 nod shakes this doctrine4 ,all we      
remark1 is1 that some of the ordinary   
mental faculties act in such cases with 
increased energy4 ,but beyond this we   
can not go4 ,we are informed by         

,cabains1 that ,franklin on several     
occasions mentioned to him1 that he had 
been assisted in his dreams on the issue
 of many affairs in which he was        
engaged4 ,so1 also1 ,condillac1 while   
writing his ,cours d',etudes1 states    
that he was frequently obliged to leave 
a chapter incomplete1 and retire to bed3
 and that on waking1 he found it1 on    
more than one occasion1 finished in his 
head4 ,condorcet1 upon leaving his deep 
and complicated calculations unfinished1
 after having retired to rest1 often    
found their results unfolded to him in  
his dreams4 ,voltaire assures us that   
he1 like ,la ,fontaine1 composed verses 
frequently in his sleep1 which he       
remembered on awaking4 ,doctor ,johnson 
states that he once in a dream had a    
contest of wit with some other person1  
and that he was very much mortified by  
imagining that his opponent had the     
better of him4 ,coleridge1 in a dream1  
composed the wild and beautiful poem of 
,kubla ,khan1 which was suggested to him

 by a passage he was reading in         
,purchas's ,pilgrimage when he fell     
asleep4 ,on awaking he had a distinct   
recollection of the whole1 and1 taking  
his pen1 ink1 and paper1 instantly and  
eagerly wrote down the lines which have 
been so much admired4  ,one of the most 
striking circumstances connected with   
the human mind is the extreme           
lightning-like rapidity of its thoughts1
 even in our waking hours2 but the      
transactions which appear to take place 
in our dreams are accomplished with     
still more incalculable rapidity2 the   
relations of space1 the duration of     
time1 appear to be alike annihilated2 we
 are transported in an instant to the   
most distant regions of the earth1 and  
the events of ages are condensed into   
the span of a few seconds4 ,the         
accidental jarring of a door1 or any    
noise1 will1 at the same moment1 it     
awakens a person1 suggest the incidents 
of an entire dream4 ,hence some         
persons--,lord ,brougham in             

particular--have supposed that all our  
dreams take place in the transition or  
interval between sleep and waking4 ,a   
gentleman dreamt that he had enlisted as
 a soldier1 joined his regiment1        
deserted1 was apprehended1 carried back1
 tried1 condemned to be shot1 and1 at   
last1 led out for execution4 ,after all 
the usual preparations a gun was fired2 
he awoke with the report1 and found that
 a noise in an adjoining room had1 in   
the same moment1 produced the dream and 
awakened him4 ,the same want of any     
notion of the duration of time occurs1  
more or less1 in all dreams2 hence our  
ignorance when we awake of the length of
 the night4 ,a friend of ,doctor        
,abercrombie's dreamt that he crossed   
the ,atlantic and spent a fortnight in  
,america4 ,in embarking1 on his return1 
he fell into the sea1 and1 awakening    
with the fright1 discovered he had not  
been ten minutes asleep4 ,i lately      
dreamed1 says ,dr4 ,macnish1 that ,i    
made a voyage--remained some days in    

,calcutta--returned home--then took ship
 for ,egypt1 where ,i visited the       
cataracts of the ,nile1 ,grand ,cairo1  
and the ,pyramids2 and to crown the     
whole1 had the honor of an interview    
with ,mehemet ,ali1 ,cleopatra1 and     
,alexander the ,great4 ,all this was the
 work of a single hour1 or even a few   
minutes4 ,in one of the dreams which    
,mr4 ,de ,quincey describes--when under 
the influence of opium--,the sense of   
,space and in the end of ,time were1 he 
states1 both powerfully affected4       
,buildings1 landscapes1 c41 were        
exhibited in proportions so vast as the 
bodily eye is not fitted to receive4    
,space swelled1 and was amplified to a  
sense of unutterable infinity4 ,this1   
however1 did not disturb me so much as  
the vast expansion of ,time2 ,i         
sometimes seemed to have lived for      
seventy or one hundred years in one     
night2 nay1 sometimes had feelings      
representative of a millenium1 passed in
 that time2 or1 however1 of a duration  

far beyond the limits of any human      
experience4 ,one of the miracles of     
,mohammed appears to be illustrative of 
the same phenomenon4 ,we read1 in the   
,koran1 that the angel ,gabriel took    
,mohammed1 one morning1 out of his bed  
to give him a sight of all things in the
 ,seven ,heavens and in ,paradise2 and1 
after holding ninety thousand spiritual 
conferences1 he was brought back again  
to his bed2 all which was transacted in 
so small a space of time that ,mohammed1
 upon his return1 found his bed still   
warm4  ,are dreams so much varied as is 
generally supposed8 ,or1 taking into    
consideration our different mental and  
physical constitutions1 is there not    
rather a remarkable sameness in them8   
,it is certainly a very unusual         
circumstance to hear of any dream that  
does violence to the common experience  
of mankind4 ,one class of dreams1 which 
may be termed ,,retrospective1 is of    
frequent occurrence4 ,these are         
characterized by the revival of         

associations long since forgotten4 ,the 
faculty of ,memory appears to be        
preternaturally exalted2 the vail is    
withdrawn which obscured the vista of   
our past life2 and the minutest events  
of childhood pass in vivid review before
 us4 ,there can be no doubt that        
something analogous to this occurs in   
drowning2 when1 after the alarm and     
struggle for life has subsided1         
sensations and visions supervene with   
indescribable rapidity4 ,the same very  
remarkable phenomenon takes place also  
sometimes in hanging2 but is by no means
 uniformly produced4 ,of all whom ,i    
have seen restored from drowning1       
observes ,dr4 ,lettsom1 ,i never found  
one who had the smallest recollection of
 any thing that passed under water until
 the time they were restored4 ,persons  
must not1 therefore1 be deceived by     
imagining that an ,elysium is to be     
found at the bottom of a garden-well1 or
 a canal1 or a river4  ,but to          
return--it is not only the very early   

incidents of childhood which may thus be
 recalled by our dreams1 but recent     
events1 which in our waking hours had   
escaped the memory1 are sometimes       
suddenly recalled4 ,in his ,notes to    
,waverley1 ,sir ,walter ,scott relates  
the following anecdote3 ,a gentleman    
connected with a ,bank in ,glasgow1     
while employed in the occupation of     
cashier1 was annoyed by a person1 out of
 his turn1 demanding the payment of a   
check for six pounds4 ,having paid him1 
but with reluctance1 out of his turn1 he
 thought no more of the transaction4 ,at
 the end of the year1 which was eight or
 nine months after1 a difficulty was    
experienced in making the books balance1
 in consequence of a deficiency of six  
pounds4 ,several days and nights were   
exhausted in endeavors to discover the  
source of the error1 but without        
success2 and the discomfited and        
chagrined cashier retired one night to  
his bed1 disappointed and fatigued4 ,he 
fell asleep and dreamed he was at his   

,bank1 and once again the whole scene of
 the annoying man and his six-pound     
check arose before him2 and1 on         
examination1 it was discovered that the 
sum paid to this person had been        
neglected to be inserted in the book of 
interests1 and that it exactly accounted
 for the error in the balance4 ,we read 
of another gentleman1 a solicitor1 who1 
on one occasion1 lost a very important  
document connected with the conveyance  
of some property2 the most anxious      
search was made for it in vain2 and the 
night preceding the day on which the    
parties were to meet for the final      
settlement the son of this gentleman    
then went to bed1 under much anxiety and
 disappointment1 and dreamt that1 at the
 time when the missing paper was        
delivered to his father1 his table was  
covered with papers connected with the  
affairs of a particular client2 and     
there found the paper they had been in  
search of1 which had been tied up in a  
parcel to which it was in no way        

related4  ,there is another class of    
dreams which would appear to be much    
more extraordinary than these of a      
,retrospective ,character1 to wit3 those
 in which the dreamer appears to take   
cognizance of incidents which are       
occurring at a distance1 which may be   
designated ,dreams of ,,coincidence4 ,in
 the ,memoirs of ,margaret de ,valois we
 read1 that her mother1 ,catherine de   
,medicis1 when ill of the plague at     
,metz1 saw her son1 the ,duc d',anjou1  
at the victory of ,jarnac1 thrown from  
his horse1 and the ,prince de ,cond     
dead--events which happened exactly at  
that moment4 ,dr4 ,macnish relates1 as  
the most striking example he ever met   
with of the co-existence between a dream
 and a passing event1 the following     
melancholy story3 ,miss ,m41 a young    
lady1 a native of ,ross-shire1 was      
deeply in love with an officer who      
accompanied ,sir ,john ,moore in the    
,peninsular ,war4 ,the constant danger  
to which he was exposed had an evident  

effect upon her spirits4 ,she became    
pale and melancholy in perpetually      
brooding over his fortunes2 and1 in     
spite of all that reason could do1 felt 
a certain conviction that1 when she last
 parted from her lover1 she had parted  
with him forever4 ,in a surprisingly    
short period her graceful form declined 
into all the appalling characteristics  
of a fatal illness1 and she seemed      
rapidly hastening to the grave1 when a  
dream confirmed the horrors she had long
 anticipated1 and gave the finishing    
stroke to her sorrows4 ,one night1 after
 falling asleep1 she imagined she saw   
her lover1 pale1 bloody1 and wounded in 
the breast1 enter her apartment4 ,he    
drew aside the curtains of the bed1 and1
 with a look of the utmost mildness1    
informed her that he had been slain in  
battle1 desiring her1 at the same time1 
to comfort herself1 and not take his    
death too seriously to heart4 ,it is    
needless to say what influence this     
vision had upon a mind so replete with  

woe4 ,it withered it entirely1 and the  
poor girl died a few days afterward1    
but1 not without desiring her parents to
 note down the day of the month on which
 it happened1 and see if it would not be
 confirmed1 as she confidently declared 
it would4 ,her anticipation was correct1
 for accounts were shortly afterward    
received that the young man was slain at
 the battle of ,corunna1 which was      
fought on the very day of the night of  
which his betrothed had beheld the      
vision4 ,it is certainly very natural to
 suppose that there must be some        
mysterious connection between such a    
dream and the event which appears to    
have simultaneously taken place--but1   
upon reflecting further upon the        
subject1 we shall find that the         
co-existence is purely accidental4 ,if1 
as ,sir ,walter ,scott observed1 any    
event1 such as the death of the person  
dreamt of1 chance to take place1 so as  
to correspond with the nature and time  
of the apparition1 the circumstance is  

conceived to be supernatural1 although  
the coincidence is one which must       
frequently occur1 since our dreams      
usually refer to the accomplishment of  
that which haunts our minds when awake1 
and often presage the most probable     
events4 ,such a concatenation1          
therefore1 must often take place when it
 is considered of what stuff dreams are 
made1 and how naturally they turn upon  
those who occupy our mind when awake4   
,when a soldier is exposed to death in  
battle2 when a sailor is incurring the  
dangers of the sea2 when a beloved wife 
or relative is attacked by disease1 how 
readily our sleeping imagination rushes 
to the very point of alarm which1 when  
waking1 it had shuddered to anticipate4 
,considering the many thousands of      
dreams which must1 night after night1   
pass through the imagination of         
individuals1 the number of coincidences 
between the vision and the event are    
fewer and less remarkable than a fair   
calculation of chance would warrant us  

to expect4  ,in addition to these1 we   
sometimes hear of dreams which appear to
 reveal the secrets of futurity2 and    
which may be designated ,,prophetic     
,dreams--unvailing1 as they are supposed
 to do1 the destiny which awaits        
particular individuals4 ,the prophetic  
dream of ,cromwell1 that he should live 
to be the greatest man in ,england1 has 
often been referred to as an example of 
special revelation2 but surely there can
 be nothing very wonderful in the       
occurrence--for1 after all1 if we could 
only penetrate into the thoughts1 hopes1
 and designs which inflamed the ambition
 of such men as ,ireton1 ,lambert1 and  
the like1 we should find both their     
waking and sleeping visions equally     
suggestive of self-aggrandizement4 ,the 
,protector himself was not the only     
usurper1 in those troubled times1 who   
dreamed of being every inch a king2 but 
we want the data to compute the         
probabilities which the laws of chance  
would give in favor of such a prophecy  

or dream being fulfilled4 ,the prophetic
 dream refers generally to some event   
which1 in the course of nature1 is      
likely to happen3 is it1 then1 wonderful
 that it should occur8 ,it would be     
curious to know how often ,napoleon     
dreamed that he was the ,emperor of the 
civilized world1 or confined as a       
prisoner of war2 how many thrones he    
imagined himself to have ascended or    
abdicated2 how often he accomplished the
 rebuilding of ,jerusalem4 ,a few years 
ago1 some very cruel murders were       
perpetrated in ,edinburgh1 by men named 
,burke and ,hare1 who sold the bodies of
 their victims to the ,anatomical       
,schools4 ,we had ourselves an interview
 with ,burke1 after his condemnation1   
when he told us that many months before 
he was apprehended and convicted1 he    
used to dream that the murders he       
committed had been discovered2 then he  
imagined himself going to be executed1  
and his chief anxiety was1 how he should
 comport himself on the scaffold before 

the assembled multitude1 whose faces he 
beheld gazing up and fixed upon him4    
,his dream was1 in every respect1       
verified2 but who1 for an instant1 would
 suppose there could have been any thing
 preternatural1 or prophetic1 in such a 
vision8 ,for the most part1 dreams of   
this description are supposed to portend
 the illness1 or the time of the death1 
of particular individuals2 and these1   
too1 upon the simple doctrine of chance1
 turn out1 perhaps1 to be as often wrong
 as right4 ,it may be true1 that ,lord  
,lyttleton died at the exact hour which 
he said had been predicted to him in a  
dream2 but ,voltaire outlived a similar 
prophecy for many years4 ,it must1      
however1 be conceded1 that persons in   
ill-health may have their death         
expedited by believing in such fatal    
predictions4 ,tell a timorous man that  
he will die2 and the sentence1 if       
pronounced with sufficient solemnity1   
and the semblance of its fore-knowledge1
 will1 under certain circumstances1     

execute itself4 ,but1 on the other hand1
 the self-sustaining power of the will1 
with a corresponding concentration of   
nervous energy1 will sometimes triumph  
over the presence of disease1 and for   
awhile ward off even the hand of death4 
,the anecdote is told of ,muley ,moloch1
 who1 being informed that his army was  
likely to be defeated1 sprang from his  
sick bed in great excitement1 led his   
men on to victory1 and1 on returning to 
his tent1 lay down and almost instantly 
expired4  ,but again it may be          
asked--what then do dreams portend8 ,do 
they admit of any rational              
interpretation8 ,this branch of the art 
of divination1 which was called formerly
 by the name of ,oneiromancy1 has been  
practiced in all ages2 and there is1    
perhaps1 not a village in ,great        
,britain1 or on the great continent of  
,europe1 ,india1 or ,america1 in which  
some fortune-telling old woman will not 
be found who professes to be an oracle  
in propounding their mystical           

signification4 ,the magicians of old    
were supposed to be skillful            
interpreters of dreams1 which1 like the 
wiseacres of ,christendom1 they viewed  
under very contradictory aspects4  ,from
 one of the most ancient ,arabic        
manuscripts on the subject1 we learn    
that if you see an angel1 it is a good  
sign2 but if you dream that you converse
 with one1 it forebodes evil--to dream  
you bathe in a clear fountain denotes   
joy--but if it be muddy1 an enemy will  
bring against you some false accusation4
 ,to dream of carrying any weight upon  
the back denotes servitude1 if you are  
rich--honor if you are poor4 ,there is  
not an object in nature--not an event   
that can occur in life--that our modern 
fortune-tellers have not converted1 when
 seen in a dream1 into some sign ominous
 of good or of evil2 and many even      
well-educated persons are in the habit  
of fostering their credulity by         
attaching an undue importance to their  
dreams4 ,it is a curious circumstance1  

however1 which militates against this   
mystic art1 that the same sign in       
different countries carries with it a   
very contrary signification4 ,the       
peasant girl in ,england thinks1 if she 
dream of a rose1 that it is a sure sign 
of happiness2 but the paysanne in       
,normandy believes that it portends     
vexation and disappointment4 ,the       
,englishman conceives that to dream of  
an oak-tree is a sign of prosperity2 but
 in ,switzerland1 the same vision is    
thought to be a forewarning of some     
dreadful calamity4  ,the domestic       
superstitions which are connected with  
dreams1 are sometimes favored by1 and   
perhaps dependent upon a certain morbid 
condition or irritability of the nervous
 system1 which suggests the dread of    
some impending calamity1 a painful and  
indefinite sense of apprehension for    
which no ostensible reason can be       
assigned4 ,strange as it might appear1  
the influence of our dreams upon our    
waking state is very remarkable2 we may 

awaken refreshed from a dream which has 
made us1 in our sleep1 superlatively    
happy2 or we may rise with melancholic  
feelings after suffering intense        
affliction in some dream1 and the       
details of both dreams may alike be     
forgotten4 ,we can not1 after being so  
much disturbed1 at once regain our      
composure2 the billows continue heaving 
after the tempest has subsided2 the     
troubled nerves continue to vibrate     
after the causes that disturbed them    
have ceased to act2 the impression still
 remains1 and checkers the happiness of 
the future day4 ,even men of strong     
mind1 who do not believe in the         
interpretation of dreams1 may be so     
affected4 ,when ,henry the ,fourth of   
,france was once told by an astrologer  
that he would be assassinated1 he smiled
 at the prediction1 and did not believe 
it2 but he confessed that it often      
haunted him afterward1 and although he  
placed no faith in it1 still it         
sometimes depressed his spirits1 and he 

often expressed a wish that he had never
 heard it4 ,in like manner1 dreams1     
which persons do not believe in1 will   
unconsciously affect the tenor of their 
thoughts and feelings4  ,there are many 
persons who appear to have habitually   
the most extraordinary dreams1 and there
 is scarcely a family circle that       
assemble round the domestic hearth1 in  
which some one or other of the party is 
not able to relate some very wonderful  
story4 ,we have1 ourselves1 a rpertoire1
 from which we could select a host of   
such narrations2 but we have preferred1 
at the risk of being thought            
recapitulative1 to dwell upon those     
which have been recorded upon           
unimpeachable authority4 ,the dreams    
which men like ,locke1 ,reid1 ,gregory1 
,abercrombie1 ,macnish1 c41 have        
attested1 come with a weight of evidence
 before us which the dreams of persons  
unknown in the scientific or literary   
world would not possess4 ,the           
impressions produced by dreams are so   

fugitive--so easy is it for persons     
unintentionally to deceive themselves in
 recalling their dreams'                
experience--that ,epictetus1 long ago1  
advised young men not to entertain any  
company by relating their dreams1 as    
they could only1 he affirmed1 be        
interesting to themselves1 and perhaps  
would1 after all their pains1 be        
disbelieved by their auditors4          
,nevertheless1 it would be well for all 
persons to study1 whether waking or     
dreaming1 the phenomena of their own    
minds4 ,the ingenious naturalist1       
,doctor ,fleming1 suggests that persons 
should1 in contra-distinction to a      
,diary1 keep a ,nocturnal1 in which they
 should register their dreams4          
,doubtless such a journal might turn out
 to be a very amusing psychological     
record4     ,a ,,fair ,,in ,,munich4    
,i wonder when there is not a fair in   
,munich4 ,this1 however1 was ,die ,drei 
,knige ,dult1 or the ,fair of the ,three
 ,kings4 ,by way of amusement1 ,i       

thought ,i would go to it2 but as ,i    
could not very well go alone1 ,i invited
 ,madame ,thekla to accompany me1 with  
which she was very well pleased1 as ,i  
promised to treat her to the shows4 ,as 
far as buying and selling1 and the      
crowds of peasants1 and townspeople1 and
 students1 and soldiers1 go1 it was like
 any other fair4 ,at a little distance  
from the long array of booths1 stood the
 shows--and thither we bent our steps4  
,the first thing we came upon was a     
small ladder-wagon1 covered with an     
arched awning2 and1 bound to one side of
 the wagon1 were tall poles1 from which 
floated a series of ghastly             
pictures--hideous                       
raw-head-and-bloody-bone pictures6      
,there were murders1 executions1        
be-headings in ,german fashion2 the     
criminal extended on a horrid sort of   
rack1 and his head being chopped off by 
a grim executioner1 with a sword1 while 
a priest stood by in his long robes2    
there were houses on fire2 drownings1   

miraculous escapes2 there were tall1    
smirking hussars1 and weeping ladies in 
white--heroes and heroines in these     
bloody histories6  ,the subjects1 the   
hideous drawing1 the hard outlines1 the 
goggle-eyes1 the blood1 the knives1 the 
very fire1 made you feel sick4 ,a       
considerable crowd was collected1 and   
listened breathlessly to the sounds of  
an organ1 to which two ,tyrolians sang  
their appalling tragedies4 ,they sang in
 such clear1 sweet1 mountain tones1 that
 you were strangely fascinated4         
,mournfully sang they1 in a monotonous  
chaunt1 of blood1 and crime1 and terror1
 till you felt your blood creep2 and1 by
 a frightful fascination1 your eyes     
gloated on the disgusting pictures4     
,what a terribly immoral influence must 
such exhibitions have upon such an      
uneducated crowd as surrounded these    
sirens6 ,why should not a paternal      
government1 which guards its people from
 immoral books and disgusting           
newspapers1 not guard them equally from 

such a disgusting sight and sound as    
this ,tyrolian exhibition8 ,these       
,tyrolians sold printed histories of the
 fearful crimes and calamities which    
were depicted on their banners4 ,these  
histories are very exciting and romantic
 reading1 as you may believe when ,i    
give some of their titles3--,the        
,history of the ,great and ,terrible    
,monster1 who cruelly murdered his      
,beloved1 his ,child1 his ,father1 his  
,mother1 his two ,sisters1 and his      
,brother1 on the #hth of ,july1 #ahej4  
,heroic ,self-sacrifice of a ,bohemian  
,hussar ,officer1 and the ,punishment of
 his ,murderers4 ,a true and dreadful   
,history which occurred on the #adth of 
,march1 #ahej1 in ,schopka1 near        
,milineck1 in ,bohemia4 ,the ,might of  
,mutual ,love3 a highly remarkable      
event1 which occurred at ,thoulon1 in   
the year #ahdi4 ,the ,cursed ,mill3 a   
,warning from ,real ,life4 ,the         
,temptation2 the ,deed2 the             
,consequences6  ,if you care to know any

 thing of the style of these remarkable 
productions1 ,i will give you a         
specimen4 ,one begins thus3--,in        
,ross-dorf1 in ,hanover1 lived the      
criminal ,peter ,natzer4 ,he was by     
trade a glazier1 his father having      
followed the same calling4 ,peter was   
five-and-twenty years old1 and was1 from
 his earliest youth1 addicted to every  
species of crime4 ,he had a sweetheart1 
named ,lucie ,braun1 a poor girl1 c41 c4
  ,again3--,silent sat the miller1      
,leverm1 in his garden2 thoughtfully    
gazed he into the distant valley4 ,he   
was scarcely thirty years of age1 but   
heavy cares had bowed him1 and robbed   
him of his fresh1 youthful bloom4       
,beside him sat his wife1 who cast many 
an anxious but affectionate glance on   
her husband4 ,how tender and lovely was 
this young wife6 ,the inhabitants of the
 neighborhood called her ',the ,rose of 
the ,valley4' ,in this way begins a most
 awful tragedy4  ,of course we did not  
read these things in the fair4 ,it was  

enough for us1 there1 to listen to the  
mournful chant of the mountaineers1 till
 our blood was frozen in our veins4 ,i  
took home with me these printed         
histories1 as many another simple soul  
did2 and now1 after ,i have read them1  
and been filled with horror and disgust 
by them1 ,i have put them away from me  
as unholy things4 ,but think of the     
effect they will have in many a lonely  
village1 this winter--in many a desolate
 farm-house or cottage--on the wide     
plain1 or among the mountains6 ,these   
papers are productive seeds of murder   
and crime2 of that one may be certain4  
,the next wonder that stopped us in the 
fair1 was a little fat man1 who was     
shouting away at the top of his voice1  
while he briskly sharpened a knife on a 
long1 rough board1 which was smeared    
over with a black ointment4 ,he was a   
vender of magical strop-salve6 something
 in the fashion of ,mechi4 ,ladies and  
gentlemen2 shouted he1 witness my       
wonderful invention6 ,the dullest knife1

 stick-knife1 bread-knife1 clasp-knife1 
table-knife1 carving-knife1             
shaving-knife1 7rasier-messer7          
pen-knife1 pruning-knife1 though dull as
 this knife--though dull as this knife6 
and here he began hacking away upon the 
edge of a big knife with a strong piece 
of broken pitcher4 ,yes1 though dull1   
dull1 dull as this knife6--when         
subjected to my wonderful salve1 and    
here he smeared it with his black       
ointment1 will cut a hair1 or the most  
delicate shaving of paper--as it now    
does6 and with that he severed paper    
shavings as if they had been nothing4   
,if it was really the same knife1 his   
was a wonderful invention1 and beat     
,mechi hollow4  ,next1 ,i had my fortune
 told at three different places1 for six
 kreutzers1 or two-pence each1 and as ,i
 was promised pretty much the same      
fortune by all1 ,i suppose ,i ought to  
believe in the truth of it4 ,they       
foretold me lots of trouble in the way  
of love-crosses1 false friends1 and     

unkind relations1 and such small        
trifles2 but were equally liberal of    
rich lovers1 and plenty of them1 plenty 
of money1 and a good husband to crown   
all1 and good children to be the props  
of my old age2 so ,i think ,i had1 after
 all1 a good sixpenny-worth4  ,next we  
came upon a little caravan1 on the steps
 of which vociferated a most picturesque
 ,tyrolian1 in broad-brimmed            
sugar-loafed hat1 adorned with chamois  
hair1 and eagles' feathers2 in          
broad-ribbed stockings1 and with a      
broad1 gayly-embroidened band round his 
waist1 which half covered his chest4 ,he
 assured the crowd below that there was 
not in the whole of ,bavaria1 any thing 
half as interesting1 half as            
extraordinary1 half as astounding as the
 singularly gifted1 singularly          
beautiful1 singularly intellectual being
 within2 a being from another quarter of
 the globe1 a being adapted to an       
entirely different mode of existence to 
ours2 a being who could see in the dark1

 a being who only lived upon raw meat6  
,a wonderful ,albino who could speak the
 ,german tongue6  ,of course we must see
 the ,albino2 so in we went1 and some   
way or other ,i felt an unusual shock4  
,there he sat1 in a black velvet dress  
spangled with silver1 the light coming  
in from the top of the caravan1 and his 
transparent complexion1 his burning1    
fiery eyes1 like carbuncles1 his long   
waves of white1 silky hair1 and his     
long1 curling1 snow-white1 silky beard1 
gave him the appearance of some         
enchanted dwarf--some cobold or gnome   
out of a subterranean palace4  ,but ,i  
had not much time to lose myself in     
dreams about enchanted dwarfs or gnomes1
 for there was something else burning in
 the caravan besides the ,albino's eyes1
 and that was ,madame ,thekla's grand   
silk cloak6 ,she had come out with me in
 all her grandeur2 and now1 while we    
stood enchanted before the ,albino1 her 
fine silk cloak was singeing at a little
 iron stove that stood behind the door4 

,poor ,madame ,thekla6 ,out we rushed1  
and she revenged herself by vociferating
 to the crowd outside1 as the ,tyrolian 
had done just before1 and by exhibiting 
her unlucky cloak in a sort of savage   
despair4  ,an hour afterward1 we again  
passed the caravan1 and the ,tyrolian in
 the ribbed stockings was again holding 
forth on the steps1 when1 at sight of   
us1 he interrupted his oration1 and     
politely invited us to re-enter1 and    
complete1 free of cost1 our inspection  
of the ,albino4 ,but ,madame ,thekla1   
pointing with stern dignity to her      
cloak1 declined1 and marched on4  ,after
 this we went to the wffeln-booths1 were
 we ate hot-baked wffeln1 a kind of     
gofre cake2 and then1 resisting a       
wonderful elephant show1 we hastened to 
the monkey theatre1 the poor elephant's 
rival exhibition2 the ,grand ,monkey    
,theatre from ,paris1 in which forty-two
 apes and poodles1 the property of ,m4  
,le ,cerf1 would exhibit the most       
wonderful and artistic feats4  ,we had  

to wait some time till the four o'clock 
performance was over1 which             
unfortunately had begun before we       
arrived2 and while ,madame ,thekla and  
,i stood impatiently waiting in the     
cold1 up there came a merry-faced lad of
 about ten1 and began1 in great glee1 to
 describe to us the glorious things that
 were performed by those dear little    
monkeys and dogs4 ,he was quite eloquent
 in his delight2 and1 ,oh6 said he1 if  
,i had but another sechser              
7twopenny-piece71 wouldn't ,i see it    
again6 ,there is another sechser1 then6 
said ,i1 and put one into his fat little
 hand4 ,what an astonished1 bright face 
looked up into mine2 and he seized my   
hand in both his1 and shook it almost   
off4 ,and away he ran up the steps for  
his ticket1 flying down again to us1 and
 keeping as close to us as possible1    
talking all the time1 and fairly dancing
 for joy4  ,you've quite bewitched that 
little fellow1 said ,madame ,thekla2 and
 ,i seemed to have bewitched all the    

little lads in the fair1 for1 by a      
strangely-mysterious power1 they were   
drawn toward us in crowds1 from all     
hands--little fellows in blouses1 little
 fellows in little green and brown      
surtouts1 little fellows in             
old-fashioned and1 in ,england1 almost  
forgotten1 buttoned-up suits--and all   
crept bashfully toward us6 ,oh1 the     
wonderful magic of a twopenny-piece6    
,heaven only knows how the news of this 
munificent gift of a sechser had so     
swiftly spread through the fair6 ,one   
little lad actually had the bravery to  
say to me that children were admitted at
 half-price6 ,and was ,i not a          
cold-hearted wretch to reply1 ,oh1      
indeed6 just as though it were a matter 
of perfect indifference to me1 though1  
in truth1 it was not2 but ,i felt rather
 appalled at the sight of such a crowd  
of little eager heads1 well knowing that
 my purse was not full to overflowing1  
even with twopenny-pieces6  ,at length  
we were seated in the little theatre2   

and1 after a fearful charivari from the 
orchestra1 the curtain drew up1 and we  
beheld1 seated at a long table1 a       
company of monkeys6 ,it was a table     
d'hte4 ,a dandified young               
fellow--perhaps ,monsieur ,le ,cerf     
himself--in the most elegant of cravats1
 the most elegant white wristbands1 the 
most elegant ring1 and the most elegant 
moustache1 performed the part of host2  
the waiter and waitress were monkeys4   
,the waiter--a most drunken1            
good-for-nothing waiter he seemed--a    
fat1 big ape--drank behind the backs of 
the guests the very wine he was serving 
them with2 he seemed so very tipsy1 that
 he could hardly walk2 he staggered     
backward and forward1 and leaned against
 the wall for support1 as he emptied the
 bottle he was bringing for the company4
 ,but the little waitress6 ,she was a   
little darling2 the tiniest of little   
monkeys1 and she came skipping on the   
stage in a little broad-brimmed straw   
hat1 and a bright-colored little dress1 

with the daintiest of little white      
muslin aprons on2 she looked just like a
 little fairy4 ,every body was enchanted
 with her4 ,even ,monsieur ,le ,cerf    
himself caressed her1 and gave her not  
only1 every now and then1 a nut1 but a  
kiss4 ,she behaved beautifully4 ,but as 
to the guests6 ,they quarreled1 and even
 fought--,monsieur ,le ,cerf said it was
 about paying the bill4  ,i can't       
pretend to tell you half the clever     
things the monkeys did in the way of    
swinging1 dancing1 firing off muskets1  
riding on a pony1 c4 ,wonderful things1 
too1 were performed by the dogs1        
splendid spaniels and setters4 ,one     
large black-and-tan creature walked on  
his fore-legs1 in the style of what     
children call playing at a wheelbarrow1 
only he himself1 poor wretch1 had to    
wheel the barrow4 ,he walked demurely   
round and round the stage1 carrying his 
two unlucky hind-legs up in the air2    
then he walked on three legs1 and then1 
the most difficult task of all for a    

dog1 as we were assured1 upon two legs  
on the same side4 ,another beautiful    
white spaniel came walking in most      
grandly on her hind legs1 as ,madame de 
,pompadour1 in a long-trained dress     
which was borne by a tiny monkey in     
livery1 bearing a little lantern in his 
hand4  ,the finale was the besieging of 
a fortress2 and to see some twenty      
milk-white spaniels rushing up and down 
the stairs of the burning fortress1     
illumined by brilliant rose-colored1    
green1 and blue lights1 was very curious
 indeed4 ,if ,i could have forgotten the
 terrible training through which these  
poor creatures must have gone1 ,i should
 have enjoyed it much more4 ,but ,i did 
not wonder1 after seeing all their      
feats1 that our little friend had been  
so enchanted4 ,he sat behind us in the  
half-price seats1 but for all that we   
continued to exchange many smiling      
glances during the performance4 ,i only 
wished ,i could have seen a whole row of
 little fellows all equally delighted   

and surprised by their good fortune4    
,,the ,,wife',s ,,stratagem4   ,captain 
,marmaduke ,smith1 is--judging from his 
present mundane1 matter-of-fact         
character1 about the last man one would 
suspect of having been at any time of   
his life a victim to the tender passion4
 ,a revelation he volunteered to two or 
three cronies at the club the other     
evening undeceived us4 ,the captain on  
this occasion1 as was generally the case
 on the morrow of a too great           
indulgence1 was somewhat dull spirited  
and lachrymose4 ,the weather1 too1 was  
gloomy2 a melancholy barrel-organ had   
been droning dreadfully for some time   
beneath the windows2 and to crown all1  
,mr4 ,tape1 who has a quick eye for the 
sentimental1 had discovered1 and read   
aloud1 a common1 but sad story of       
madness and suicide in the evening      
paper4 ,it is not1 therefore1 so        
surprising that tender recollections    
should have revived with unusual force  
in the veteran's memory4  ,you would    

hardly believe it1 ,tape1 said ,captain 
,smith1 after a dull pause1 and emitting
 a sound somewhat resembling a sigh1 as 
he re-lighted the cigar which had gone  
out during ,mr4 ,tape's reading--you    
would hardly believe it1 perhaps2 but ,i
 was woman-witched once myself6  ,never6
 exclaimed the astonished gentleman whom
 he addressed4 ,a man of your strength  
of mind1 captain8 ,i can't believe it2  
it's impossible6  ,it's an extraordinary
 fact1 ,i admit2 and1 to own the truth1 
,i have never been able to account      
exactly for it myself4 ,fortunately1 ,i 
took the disorder as ,i did the         
measles--young2 and neither of these    
complaints is apt to be so fatal then1  
,i'm told1 as when they pick a man up   
later in life4 ,it was1 however1 a very 
severe attack while it lasted4 ,a very  
charming hand at hooking a gudgeon was  
that delightful ,coralie ,dufour1 ,i    
must say4  ,any relation to the         
,monsieur and ,madame ,dufour we saw    
some years ago in ,paris8 asked ,tape4  

,the husband1 ,i remember1 was          
remarkably fond of expressing his       
gratitude to you for having once        
wonderfully carried him through his     
difficulties4  ,captain ,smith looked   
sharply at ,mr4 ,tape1 as if he         
suspected some lurking irony beneath the
 bland innocence of his words4          
,perceiving1 as usual1 nothing in the   
speaker's countenance1 ,mr4             
,smith--blowing at the same time a      
tremendous cloud to conceal a faint     
blush which1 to my extreme astonishment1
 ,i observed stealing over his          
unaccustomed features--said1 gravely1   
almost solemnly3 ,you1 ,mr4 ,tape are a 
married man1 and the father of a family1
 and your own experience1 therefore1 in 
the female line must be ample for a     
lifetime2 but you1 sir1 continued the   
captain1 patronizingly1 addressing      
another of his auditors1 are1 ,i        
believe1 as yet 'unattached1' in a legal
 sense1 and may therefore derive profit1
 as well as instruction1 from an example

 of the way in which ardent and         
inexperienced youth is sometimes        
entrapped and bamboozled by womankind4  
,mr4 ,tape1 oblige me by touching the   
bell4  ,the instant the captain's order 
had been obeyed1 he commenced the       
narrative of his love adventure1 and for
 a time spoke with his accustomed       
calmness3 but toward the close he became
 so exceeding discursive and excited1   
and it was with so much difficulty we   
drew from him many little particulars it
 was essential to hear1 that ,i have    
been compelled1 from regard to brevity  
as well as strict decorum1 to soften    
down and render in my own words some of 
the chief incidents of his mishap4      
,just previous to the winter campaign   
which witnessed the second siege and    
fall of ,badajoz1 ,mr4 ,smith1 in the   
zealous exercise of his perilous        
vocation1 entered that city in his usual
 disguise of a ,spanish countryman1 with
 strict orders to keep his eyes and ears
 wide open1 and to report as speedily as

 possible upon various military details1
 which it was desirable the ,british    
general should be made acquainted with4 
,mr4 ,smith1 from the first moment the  
pleasant proposition was hinted to him1 
had manifested considerable reluctance  
to undertake the task2 more especially  
as ,general ,phillipon1 who commanded   
the ,french garrison1 had not very long 
before been much too near catching him1 
to render a possibly still more intimate
 acquaintance with so sharp a           
practitioner at all desirable4          
,nevertheless1 as the service was       
urgent1 and no one1 it ,was agreed1 so  
competent as himself to the duty--indeed
 upon this point ,mr4 ,smith remarked   
that the most flattering unanimity of   
opinion was exhibited by all the        
gentlemen likely1 should he decline the 
honor1 to be selected in his place--he  
finally consented and in due time found 
himself fairly within the walls of the  
devoted city4 ,it was an uncomfortable  
business1 the captain said1 very much   

so--and in more ways than one4 ,it took 
a long time to accomplish2 and what was 
worse than all1 rations were miserably  
short4 ,the ,french garrison were living
 upon salted horse-flesh1 and you may   
guess1 therefore1 at the condition of   
the civilians' victualing department4   
,wine was1 however1 to be had in        
sufficient plenty2 and ,i used          
frequently to pass a few hours at a     
place of entertainment kept by an       
,andalusian woman1 whose bitter hatred  
of the ,french invaders1 and favorable  
disposition toward the ,british were    
well known to me1 though successfully   
concealed from ,napoleon's soldiers1    
many of whom--sous-officiers            
chiefly--were her customers4 ,my chief  
amusement there was playing at dominoes 
for a few glasses4 ,i played1 when ,i   
had a choice1 with a smart1             
goodish-looking sous-lieutenant of      
voltigeurs--a glib-tongued chap1 of the 
sort that tell all they know1 and       
something over1 with very little        

pressing4 ,his comrades addressed him as
 ,victor1 the only name ,i then knew him
 by4 ,he and ,i became very good        
friends1 the more readily that ,i was   
content he should generally win4 ,i soon
 reckoned ,master ,victor up2 but there 
was an old1 wiry gredin of a            
sergeant-major sometimes present1 whose 
suspicious manner caused me frequent    
twinges4 ,one day especially ,i caught  
him looking at me in a way that sent the
 blood galloping through my veins like  
wildfire4 ,a look1 ,mr4 ,tape1 which may
 be very likely followed in a few       
minutes afterward by a halter1 or by    
half-a-dozen bullets through one's body1
 is apt to excite an unpleasant         
sensation4  ,i should think so4 ,i      
wouldn't be in such a predicament for   
the creation4  ,it's a situation that   
would hardly suit you1 ,mr4 ,tape1      
replied the veteran1 with a grim smile4 
,well1 the gray-headed old fox followed 
up his look with a number of interesting
 queries concerning my birth1 parentage1

 and present occupation1 my answers to  
which so operated upon him1 that ,i felt
 quite certain when he shook hands with 
me1 and expressed himself perfectly     
satisfied1 and sauntered carelessly out 
of the place1-that he was gone to report
 his surmises1 and would be probably    
back again in two twos with a file of   
soldiers and an order for my arrest4 ,he
 had put me so smartly through my       
facings1 that although it was quite a   
cold day for ,spain1 ,i give you my     
honor ,i perspired to the very tips of  
my fingers ,and toes4 ,the chance of    
escape was1 ,i felt1 almost desperate4  
,the previous evening a rumor had       
circulated that the ,british general had
 stormed ,ciudad ,rodrigo1 and might    
therefore be already hastening in his   
seven-league boots1 toward ,badajoz4    
,the ,french were consequently more than
 ever on the alert1 and keen eyes       
watched with sharpened eagerness for    
indications of sympathy or              
correspondence between the citizens and 

the advancing army4 ,i jumped up as soon
 as the sergeant-major had disappeared1 
and was about to follow1 when the       
mistress of the place approached1 and   
said1 hastily1 ',i have heard all1 and  
if not quick1 you will be sacrificed by 
those ,french dogs3 this way4' ,i       
followed to an inner apartment1 where   
she drew from a well-concealed recess1 a
 ,french officer's uniform1 complete4   
',on with it6' she exclaimed1 as she    
left the room4 ',i know the word and    
countersign4' ,i did not require twice  
telling1 you may be sure2 and in less   
than no time was togged off beautifully 
in a lieutenant's uniform1 and walking  
at a smart pace toward one of the gates4
 ,i was within twenty yards of the      
corps-de-garde1 when whom should ,i run 
against but ,sous-lieutenant ,victor6   
,he stared1 but either did not for the  
moment recognize me1 or else doubted the
 evidence of his own senses4 ,i         
quickened my steps--the guard           
challenged--,i gave the words1          

',napoleon1 ,austerlitz6'--passed on2   
and as soon as a turn of the road hid me
 from view1 increased my pace to a run4 
,my horse1 ,i should have stated1 had   
been left in sure hands at about two    
miles' distance4 ,could ,i reach so far1
 there was1 ,i felt1 a chance4          
,unfortunately1 ,i had not gone more    
than five or six hundred yards1 when a  
hubbub of shouts1 and musket-shots in my
 rear1 announced that ,i was pursued4 ,i
 glanced round2 and ,i assure you1      
gentlemen1 ,i have seen in my life many 
pleasanter prospects than met my        
view--,richmond ,hill1 for instance1 on 
a fine summer day4 ,between twenty and  
thirty voltigeurs1 headed by my friend  
,victor1 who had armed himself1 like the
 others1 with a musket1 were in full    
pursuit2 and once1 ,i was quite         
satisfied1 within gun-shot1 my business 
would be very effectually2 and speedily 
settled4  ,i ran on with eager          
desperation3 and though gradually neared
 by my friends1 gained the hut where ,i 

had left the horse in safety4 ,the      
voltigeurs were thrown out for a few    
minutes ,they knew1 however1 that ,i had
 not passed the thickish clumps of trees
 which partially concealed the cottage2 
and they extended themselves in a       
semi-circle to inclose1 and thus make   
sure of their prey4 ,juan ,sanchez1     
luckily for himself1 was not at home2   
but my horse1 as ,i have stated1 was    
safe1 and in prime condition for a race4
 ,i saddled1 bridled1 and brought him   
out1 still concealed by the trees and   
hut from the ,french1 whose exulting    
shouts1 as they gradually closed upon   
the spot1 grew momently louder and      
fiercer4 ,the sole desperate chance left
 was to dash right through them2 and ,i 
don't mind telling you1 gentlemen1 that 
,i was confoundedly frightened1 and that
 but for the certainty of being         
instantly sacrificed1 without benefit of
 clergy1 ,i should have surrendered at  
once4 ,there was1 however1 no time for  
shilly-shallying4 ,i took another pull  

at the saddle-girths1 mounted1 drove the
 only spur ,i had time to strap on      
sharply into the animal's flank1 and in 
an instant broke cover in full and near 
view of the expecting and impatient     
voltigeurs2 and a very brilliant        
reception they gave me--quite a stunner 
in fact6 ,it's a very grand thing1 no   
doubt1 to be the exclusive object of    
attention to twenty or thirty gallant   
men1 but so little selfish1 gentlemen1  
have ,i been from my youth up ward in   
the article of 'glory1' that ,i assure  
you ,i should have been remarkably      
well-pleased to have had a few          
companions--the more the merrier--to    
share the monopoly which ,i engrossed as
 ,i came suddenly in sight4 ,the        
flashes1 reports1 bullets1 sacrs1 which 
in an instant gleamed in my eyes1 and   
roared and sang about my ears were      
deafening4 ,how they all contrived to   
miss me ,i can't imagine1 but miss me   
they did2 and ,i had passed them about  
sixty paces1 when who should start up   

over a hedge1 a few yards in advance1   
but my domino-player1 ,sous-lieutenant  
,victor6 ,in an instant his musket was  
raised within two or three feet of my   
face4 ,flash6 bang6 ,i felt a blow as if
 from a thrust of red-hot steel2 and for
 a moment made sure that my head was    
off4 ,with difficulty ,i kept my seat4  
,the horse dashed on1 and ,i was        
speedily beyond the chance of capture or
 pursuit4 ,i drew bridle at the first   
village ,i reached1 and found that      
,victor's bullet had gone clean through 
both cheeks4 ,the marks1 you see1 are   
still plain enough4  ,this was quite    
true4 ,on slightly separating the gray  
hairs of the captain's whiskers1 the    
places where the ball had made its      
entrance and exit were distinctly       
visible4  ,a narrow escape1 ,i remarked4
  ,yes1 rather2 but a miss is as good as
 a mile4 ,the effusion of blood nearly  
choked me2 and it was astonishing how   
much wine and spirits it required to    
wash the taste out of my mouth4 ,i      

found1 continued ,mr4 ,smith1 on        
arriving at head-quarters1 that ,ciudad 
,rodrigo had fallen as reported1 and    
that ,lord ,wellington was hurrying on  
to storm ,badajoz before the echo of his
 guns should have reached ,massena or   
,soult in the fool's paradise where they
 were both slumbering4 ,i was of course 
for some time on the sick-list1 and     
consequently only assisted at the       
assault of ,badajoz as a distant        
spectator--a part ,i always preferred   
when ,i had a choice4 ,it was an awful1 
terrible business1 added ,mr4 ,smith1   
with unusual solemnity4 ,i am not much  
of a philosopher that ,i know of1 nor1  
except in service hours1 particularly   
given to religion1 but ,i remember1 when
 the roar and tumult of the fierce      
hurricane broke upon the calm and       
silence of the night1 and a storm of    
hell-fire seemed to burst from and      
encircle the devoted city1 wondering    
what the stars1 which were shining      
brightly overhead1 thought of the strife

 and dim they looked so calmly down     
upon4 ,it was gallantly done1 however1  
the veteran added1 in a brisker tone1   
and read well in the ,gazette2 and that 
perhaps is the chief thing4  ,but what1 
,i asked1 has all this to do with the   
charming ,coralie and your              
love-adventure8  ,every thing to do with
 it1 as you will immediately find4 ,i   
remained in ,badajoz a considerable time
 after the departure of the army1 and   
was a more frequent visitor than ever at
 the house of the excellent dame who had
 so opportunely aided my escape4 ,she   
was a kind-hearted soul with all her    
vindictiveness2 and now that the ,french
 were no longer riding rough-shod over  
the city1 spoke of those who were       
lurking about in concealment--of whom   
there were believed to be not a few1    
with sorrow and compassion4 ,at length  
the wound ,i had received at ,lieutenant
 ,victor's hands was thoroughly healed1 
and ,i was thinking of departure1 when  
the ,andalusian dame introduced me in   

her taciturn1 expressive way to a       
charming young ,frenchwoman1 whose      
husband1 a ,spaniard1 had been slain    
during the assault or sack of the city4 
,the intimacy thus begun soon kindled on
 my part1 into an intense admiration4   
,coralie was gentle1 artless1 confiding 
as she was beautiful1 and moreover--as  
,jeannette1 her sprightly1 black-eyed   
maid informed me in                     
confidence--extremely rich4 ,here1      
gentlemen1 was a combination of charms  
to which only a heart of stone could    
remain insensible1 and mine at the time 
was not only young1 but particularly    
sensitive and tender1 owing in some     
degree1 ,i daresay1 to the low diet to  
which ,i had been so long confined2 for 
nothing1 in my opinion1 takes the sense 
and pluck out of a man so quickly as    
that4 ,at all events ,i soon surrendered
 at discretion1 and was coyly accepted  
by the blushing lady4 ',there was only  
one obstacle1' she timidly observed1 'to
 our happiness4 ,the relatives of her   

late husband1 by law her guardians1 were
 prejudiced1 mercenary wretches1 anxious
 to marry her to an old hunks of a      
,spaniard1 so that the property of her  
late husband1 chiefly consisting of     
precious stones--he had been a          
lapidary--might not pass into the hands 
of foreigners4' ,i can scarcely believe 
it now1 added ,mr4 ,smith1 with great   
heat2 but if ,i didn't swallow all this 
stuff like sack and sugar1 ,i'm a       
,dutchman6 ,the thought of it1 old as ,i
 am1 sets my very blood on fire4  ,at   
length1 continued ,mr4 ,marmaduke       
,smith1 as soon as he had partially     
recovered his equanimity--at length it  
was agreed1 after all sorts of schemes  
had been canvassed and rejected1 that   
the fair widow should be smuggled out of
 ,badajoz as luggage in a large chest1  
which ,jeannette and the ,andalusian    
landlady--,i forget that woman's        
name--undertook to have properly        
prepared4 ,the marriage ceremony was to 
be performed by a priest at a village   

about twelve ,english miles off1 with   
whom ,coralie undertook to communicate4 
',i trust1' said that lady1 'to the     
honor of a ,british officer'--,i had not
 then received my commission1 but no    
matter--'that he1 that you1 ,captain    
,smith1 will respect the sanctity of my 
concealment till we arrive in the       
presence of the reverend gentleman who1'
 she added1 with a smile like a sunset1 
'will1 ,i trust1 unite our destinies    
forever4' ,she placed1 as she spoke1 her
 charming little hand in mine1 and ,i1  
you will hardly credit it1 tumbled down 
on my knees1 and vowed to religiously   
respect the dear angel's slightest wish6
 ,mr4 ,tape1 for mercy's sake1 pass the 
wine1 or the bare recollection will     
choke me6  ,i must now1 for the reasons 
previously stated1 ,continue the        
narrative in my own words ,every thing  
was speedily arranged for flight4 ,mr4  
,smith found no difficulty in procuring 
from the ,spanish commandant an order   
which would enable him to pass his      

luggage through the barrier unsearched2 
,jeannette was punctual at the          
rendezvous1 and pointed exultingly to a 
large chest1 which she whispered        
contained the trembling ,coralie4 ,the  
chinks were sufficiently wide to admit  
of the requisite quantity of air2 it    
locked inside1 and when a kind of       
sail-cloth was thrown loosely over it1  
there was nothing very unusual in its   
appearance4 ,tenderly1 tremulously did  
the rejoicing lover assist the precious 
load into the hired bullock-cart1 and   
off they started1 ,mr4 ,smith and       
,jeannette walking by the side of the   
richly-freighted vehicle4  ,mr4 ,smith  
trod on air1 but the cart1 which had to 
be dragged over some of the worst roads 
in the world1 mocked his impatience by  
its marvelously slow progress1 and when 
they halted at noon to give the oxen    
water1 they were still three good miles 
from their destination4  ,do you think8 
said ,mr4 ,smith1 in a whisper to       
,jeannette1 holding up a full pint      

flask1 which he had just drawn from his 
pocket1 and pointing toward the chest1  
do you think8--,brandy and water--eh8   
,jeannette nodded1 and the gallant      
,smith gently approached1 tapped at the 
lid1 and in a soft low whisper proffered
 the cordial4 ,the lid was1 with the    
slightest possible delay1 just          
sufficiently raised to admit the flask1 
and instantly reclosed and locked4 ,in  
about ten minutes the flask was returned
 as silently as it had been received4   
,the enamored soldier raised it to his  
lips1 made a profound inclination toward
 his concealed fiance1 and said1 gently1
 ,a votre sant1 charmante ,coralie6 ,the
 benignant and joyous expression of ,mr4
 ,smith's face1 as he vainly elevated   
the angle of the flask in expectation of
 the anticipated draught1 assumed an    
exceedingly puzzled and bewildered      
expression4 ,he peered into the opaque  
tin vessel2 pushed his little finger    
into its neck to remove the loose cork  
or other substance that impeded the     

genial flow2 then shook it1 and listened
 curiously for a splash or gurgle4 ,not 
a sound6 ,coralie had drained it to the 
last drop6 ,mr4 ,smith looked with      
comical earnestness at ,jeannette1 who  
burst into a fit of uncontrollable      
laughter4  ,madame is thirsty1 she said1
 as soon as she could catch sufficient  
breath3 it must be so hot in there4  ,a 
full pint6 said the captain1 still in   
blank astonishment1 and strong--very6   
,the approach of the carter interrupted 
what he further might have had to say1  
and in a few minutes the journey was    
resumed4 ,the captain fell into a       
reverie which was not broken till the   
cart again stopped4 ,the chest was then 
glided gently to the ground3 the driver1
 who had been previously paid1 turned   
the heads of his team toward ,badajoz1  
and with a brief salutation departed    
homeward4  ,jeanette was stooping over  
the chest1 conversing in a low tone with
 her mistress1 and ,captain ,smith      
surveyed the position in which he found 

himself with some astonishment4 ,no     
house1 much less a church or village was
 visible1 and not a human being was to  
be seen4  ,captain ,smith1 said         
,jeannette1 approaching the puzzled     
warrior with some hesitation1 a slight  
contretemps has occurred4 ,the friends  
who were to have met us here1 and helped
 to convey our precious charge to a     
place of safety1 are not1 as you        
perceive1 arrived3 perhaps they do not  
think it prudent to venture quite so    
far4  ,it is quite apparent they are not
 here1 observed ,mr4 ,smith2 but why not
 have proceeded in the cart8  ,what1    
captain6 ,betray your and madame's      
secret to yonder ,spanish boor4 ,how you
 talk6  ,well1 but my good girl1 what is
 to be done8 ,will madame get out and   
walk8  ,impossible--impossible6         
ejaculated the amiable damsel4 ,we      
should be both recognized1 dragged back 
to that hateful ,badajoz1 and madame    
would be shut up in a convent for life4 
,it is but about a quarter of a mile1   

added ,jeannette1 in an insinuating1    
caressing tone1 and madame is not so    
very heavy4  ,the devil6 exclaimed ,mr4 
,smith1 taken completely aback by this  
extraordinary proposal4 ,you can't mean 
that ,i should take that infer--that    
chest upon my shoulders6  ,mon ,dieu6   
what else can be done8 replied          
,jeannette1 with pathetic earnestness3  
unless you are determined to sacrifice  
my dear mistress--she whom you pretended
 to so love--you hard-hearted1 faithless
 man6  ,partially moved by the damsel's 
tearful vehemence1 ,mr4 ,smith          
reluctantly approached1 and gently      
lifted one end of the chest1 as an      
experiment4  ,there are a great many    
valuables there besides madame1 said    
,jeannette1 in reply to the captain's   
look1 and silver coin is1 you know1 very
 heavy4  ,ah6 exclaimed the perplexed   
lover4 ,it is deucedly                  
unfortunate--still--,don't you think1 he
 added earnestly1 after again essaying  
the weight of the precious burden1 that 

if madame were to wrap herself well up  
in this sail-cloth1 we might reach your 
friend the priest's house without       
detection8  ,oh1 no--no--no6 rejoined   
the girl4 ,mon ,dieu6 how can you think 
of exposing madame to such hazard8  ,how
 far do you say it is8 asked ,captain   
,smith1 after a rather sullen pause4    
,only just over the fields              
yonder--half-a-mile perhaps4  ,mr4      
,smith still hesitated1 but finally the 
tears and entreaties of the attendant1  
his regard for the lady and her fortune1
 the necessity of the position1 in      
short1 determined him to undertake the  
task4 ,a belt was passed tightly round  
the chest1 by means of which he could   
keep it on his back2 and after several  
unsuccessful efforts1 the charming load 
was fairly hoisted1 and on the captain  
manfully staggered1 ,jeannette bringing 
up the rear4  ,valiantly did ,mr4       
,smith1 though perspiring in every pore 
of his body1 and dry as a               
cartouch-box--for madame had emptied the

 only flask he had--toil on under a     
burden which seemed to grind his        
shoulder-blades to powder4 ,he declares 
he must have lost a stone of flesh at   
least before1 after numerous restings1  
he arrived1 at the end of about an hour1
 at the door of a small house1 which    
,jeannette announced to be the private  
residence of the priest4 ,the door was  
quickly opened by a smart lad1 who      
seemed to have been expecting them2 the 
chest was deposited on the floor1 and   
,jeannette instantly vanished4 ,the lad1
 with considerate intelligence1 handed  
,mr4 ,smith a draught of wine4 ,it was  
scarcely swallowed when the key turned  
in the lock1 the eager lover1 greatly   
revived by the wine1 sprang forward with
 extended arms1 and received in his     
enthusiastic embrace--whom do you think8
  ,coralie1 half-stifled for want of    
air1 and nearly dead with fright1       
suggested ,mr4 ,tape4  ,that rascally   
,sous-lieutenant ,victor6 half-drunk    
with brandy-and-water1 roared ,captain  

,smith1 who had by this time worked     
himself into a state of great           
excitement4 ,at the same moment in ran  
,jeannette1 and1 ,i could hardly believe
 my eyes1 that ,jezebel ,coralie1       
followed by half-a-dozen ,french        
voltigeurs1 screaming with laughter6 ,i 
saw ,i was done1 continued ,mr4 ,smith1 
but not for the moment precisely how1   
and but for his comrades1 ,i should have
 settled old and new scores with ,master
 ,victor very quickly4 ,as it was1 they 
had some difficulty in getting him out  
of my clutches1 for ,i was1 as you may  
suppose1 awfully savage4 ,an hour or so 
afterward1 when philosophy1 a pipe1 and 
some very capital wine--they were not   
bad fellows those voltigeurs--had       
exercised their soothing influence1 ,i  
was informed of the exact motives and   
particulars of the trick which had been 
played me4 ,coralie was ,victor         
,dufour's wife4 ,he had been wounded at 
the assault of ,badajoz1 and            
successfully concealed in that          

,andalusian woman's house2 and as the   
best1 perhaps only mode of saving him   
from a ,spanish prison1 or worse1 the   
scheme of which ,i had been the victim1 
was concocted4 ,had not ,dufour wounded 
me1 they would1 ,i was assured1 have    
thrown themselves upon my honor and     
generosity--which honor and generosity1 
by-the-by1 would never have got         
,coralie's husband upon my back1 ,i'll  
be sworn6  ,you will forgive us1 mon    
cher capitaine8 said that lady1 with one
 of her sweetest smiles1 as she handed  
me a cup of wine4 ,in love and war1 you 
know1 every thing is fair4  ,a soldier1 
gentlemen1 is not made of adamant4 ,i   
was1 ,i confess1 softened2 and by the   
time the party broke up1 we were all the
 best friends in the world4  ,and so    
that fat1 jolly looking ,madame ,dufour 
we saw in ,paris1 is the beautiful      
,coralie that bewitched ,captain ,smith8
 said ,mr4 ,tape thoughtfully--,well6   
,she was younger forty years ago1 ,mr4  
,tape1 than when you saw her4 ,beautiful

 ,coralies are rare1 ,i fancy1 at her   
present age1 and very fortunately1 too1 
in my opinion1 continued ,captain       
,smith2 for what1 ,i should like to     
know1 would become of the peace and     
comfort of society1 if a woman of sixty 
could bewitch a man as easily as she    
does at sixteen8     ,,the ,,champion4  
,a ,,romantic ,,incident ,,in ,,early   
,,spanish ,,history4   ,the clang of    
arms and the inspiriting sounds of      
martial music resounded through the     
court-yard of the palace of ,navarre4   
,the chivalry of ,arragon1 ,castile1 and
 ,navarre had assembled at the summons  
of their sovereign1 to fight under his  
banner against the infidels1 and now    
waited impatiently for the moment when  
the monarch should mount his gallant    
steed1 and lead them to battle and to   
victory4  ,sancho the ,fourth was at    
that moment bidding farewell to his     
queen1 the gentle ,dona ,nuna1 who clung
 to her lord in an agony of tears4  ,be 
comforted1 my beloved1 he said to her2  

,i shall return to you with added       
laurels to my kingly wreath4 ,do not    
fear for me1 nor let your sweet face    
grow pale by brooding over the dangers  
and chances of war4 ,for my part1 ,i    
never felt more exulting anticipations  
of success1 and am persuaded that       
triumph and victory will crown our      
undertaking4  ,alas6 it is not so with  
me1 said ,nuna1 sadly4 ,a presentiment  
of approaching evil weighs heavily on my
 heart4  ,you shudder at the thought if 
our separation1 ,nuna1 more like a timid
 young bride parting from her           
newly-wedded lord1 than a matron who has
 shared her husband's joys and sorrows  
for well-nigh twenty years4  ,you are   
now far dearer to me1 ,sancho1 than when
 ,i gave you my hand3 have ,i not to    
thank you for the love and tenderness   
which has made these long years of      
wedded life so blissful and happy8  ,in 
sooth1 ,i believe1 ,nuna1 it is even so3
 and you love me as warmly as ever4     
,receive my assurances in return1 dear  

wife1 that your face is as fair to me1  
and the gift of your true heart as      
fondly prized1 as when ,i first led you 
to these halls1 my youthful and         
beautiful bride4 ,but suffer me to bid  
you farewell1 or my nobles will wax     
impatient4 ,i leave you to the society  
of our son1 and the guardianship of my  
trusty ,pedro ,ss1 who will attend to   
your behests4 ,one word more4 ,i intrust
 to your safe keeping my beautiful      
steed1 ,ilderim4 ,you know how ,i value 
the noble animal1 my first capture from 
the ,moor4 ,see that he is carefully    
tended in my absence1 ,i shall accept it
 as a proof of your regard for my       
wishes4 ,and now1 adieu1 dearest wife4  
,think of me1 and supplicate ,heaven    
that ,i may be speedily and safely      
restored to your arms4  ,so saying1     
,sancho the ,great1 tenderly embraced   
his wife2 and mounting his war charger1 
placed himself at the head of his       
gallant army4 ,the clatter of horses'   
hoofs soon died away in the distance1   

leaving the court-yard of the castle in 
silence and gloom4  ,three days after   
the king's departure1 the young ,don    
,garcia entered the court-yard of the   
palace at ,navarre4  ,pedro ,ss1 ,pedro 
,ss6 he cried2 my noble ,arab ,el ,toro 
lies dead in a cleft of the rocks3 ,i   
have returned to seek another steed for 
the chase3 such a boar hunt has not been
 among the forests of ,navarre since the
 ,pyrenees echoed to the horn of        
,roland3 give me forth black ,ilderim1  
,pedro1 my friend2 saddle me my father's
 charger1 for there is no other steed in
 the king's stables worthy of the hunt  
of to-day6  ,don ,garcia1 replied the   
master of the horse1 black ,ilderim is  
only for the king's mounting3 ,i dare   
not saddle him for any other4  ,but the 
,infante commands it--the king that is  
to be4  ,chafe not with a faithful      
servant1 ,don ,garcia3 it is but        
yesterday ,i refused the same request of
 the bastard of ,arragon4  ,what6 darest
 thou compare me with the base-born     

,ramiro8 ,insolent6 ,i shall bear my    
complaint to the queen4  ,to the queen  
,don ,garcia bore his complaint and his 
petition3 ,oh1 my mother1 wouldst thou  
see me dishonored by a menial8 ,am ,i   
not thine only son1 the rightful heir of
 ,arragon1 ,castile1 and ,navarre8 who  
may command here1 if ,i may not8 ,assert
 my authority1 then1 and order the false
 ,pedro ,ss that he give me forth black 
,ilderim4  ,pedro ,ss has faithfully    
discharged his duty to my lord the king1
 who enjoined on him and on me the safe 
keeping of his favorite horse1 said     
,dona ,nuna4 ,the royal stables are     
open2 take1 my son1 any other steed1 but
 leave black ,ilderim till thy father's 
return4  ,nay1 by ,heaven and by the    
saints1 ,i will have ,ilderim to ride   
this day1 or ,i will have vengeance6    
,the headstrong youth returned to the   
court-yard1 and again demanded the      
steed3 again the master of the horse    
refused4 ,don ,garcia1 pale with        
concentrated rage1 sprang on another of 

the king's chargers1 and galloped from  
the palace4 ,instead1 however1 of       
returning to the hunt1 he urged his     
horse into the despoblado1 or open      
plain1 lying to the south of the castle1
 and disappeared on the road to ,burgos4
  ,time passed heavily1 in her lord's   
absence1 with the gentle ,nuna4 ,at     
first1 she received frequent and joyful 
tidings of the successes which crowned  
his arms1 and the brilliant victories   
gained by his forces over the ,moslem   
army4 ,of late1 and since the departure 
of ,garcia from the castle1 ,sancho's   
affectionate dispatches had altogether  
ceased2 and ,nuna1 now thoroughly       
wretched1 from the wayward perversity of
 her son1 and from uncertainty as to her
 husband's fate1 had prepared to rejoin 
him at any risk1 and share the perils to
 which he might be exposed4  ,her       
resolution was no sooner formed than it 
was promptly carried into effect3 she   
summoned to her aid the trusty ,pedro   
,ss2 and1 protected by a small escort   

under his command1 bade adieu to        
,navarre1 and commenced her long and    
perilous journey toward the theatre of  
war4  ,the little cavalcade had reached 
,najarra1 when1 to their surprise and   
joy1 they beheld a gallant band of      
horsemen rapidly approaching3 the united
 banner of ,arragon1 ,castile1 and      
,navarre1 floating proudly before them1 
announced to all beholders that ,sancho 
the ,fourth led his knights in person4  
,nuna's heart beat fast and             
tumultuously2 in a few moments1 and the 
long absent one would clasp her closely 
to his breast4 ,she looked up to the    
master of the horse who rode by her     
side1 and urged him to increased speed4 
,they moved briskly forward2 and the    
advancing knights who formed the king's 
body-guard became more distinctly       
visible4 ,sancho1 as we have said1      
headed them2 but as soon as they had    
arrived within a short distance of the  
queen's followers1 the monarch advanced 
a few paces1 and in tones of thunder    

called on them to halt4 ,his brow was   
darkened with evil passions1 his        
countenance flushed with anger4  ,on the
 peril of your allegiance6 he shouted1  
rather than spoke1 seize the traitress1 
,i command ye6 ,my heart refused to     
hearken to the tale of her guilt1 even  
when spoken by the lips of her son2 but 
mine eyes have seen it4 ,i have         
lived--wretched that ,i am--to witness  
her infamy4 ,but the adulteress1 and the
 companion of her crime1 shall not      
escape my righteous vengeance4 ,see to  
it1 that the queen and ,pedro ,ss remain
 your prisoners4  ,if a thunderbolt had 
fallen at the feet of the miserable     
,nuna1 she could not have been more     
horror-struck1 or more confounded4 ,her 
life-long dream of happiness was        
dissipated2 the husband of her youth had
 recoiled from her as from the veriest  
reptile that crawls on the face of      
,god's earth2 and the worker of her woe 
and ruin was her own child--her own     
flesh and blood--her son ,garcia6 ,who  

would believe her to be pure and        
innocent when such lips pronounced the  
tale of her guilt8 ,unhappy wife2 still 
more unhappy mother6 ,in the deepest    
dungeon of the castle of ,najarra she   
was left to mourn over her unparalleled 
misery4 ,alone1 unfriended1 and         
solitary1 ,nuna--who so lately had seen 
herself a beloved and cherished wife1 a 
fond mother1 and a mighty               
sovereign--struggled with her bitter and
 mournful reflections4 ,she could not   
reproach her husband1 for she felt that 
his ear had been poisoned against her by
 an accuser he could scarcely mistrust1 
even by the insinuations of her son1    
confirmed--as he deemed them to be--by  
the evidence of his senses1 when he met 
her so unexpectedly traveling under the 
escort of ,pedro ,ss4  ,but short space 
was left to ,nuna for these agonizing   
thoughts4 ,death1 a shameful death1 was 
the punishment of the adulteress2 but   
,sancho1 more merciful than she had     
dared to hope1 had granted her one      

loop-hole for escape--one slender chance
 of proving her innocence4 ,the lists   
were to be open to any champion         
believing in the lady's guiltlessness1  
who should adventure his life in her    
defense4 ,if any such should proffer his
 services1 he might do battle in single 
combat with her accuser4 ,god--according
 to the belief of those days--would give
 victory to him who maintained the      
truth6  ,the fatal day approached1      
arrived1 and had well-nigh passed4      
,garcia1 unopposed1 bestrode his        
war-steed1 the redoubtable black        
,ilderim1 whose possession he had so    
eagerly coveted1 and purchased at so    
fearful a price4 ,the discrowned queen1 
in conformity with custom1 was placed   
within sight of the arena1 tied to a    
stake1 surmounting what would prove her 
funeral pile if no champion appeared on 
her behalf1 or if her defender should   
suffer defeat4  ,who can paint the      
agitation of ,dona ,nuna1 thus placed   
within view of the lists1 when the      

precious hours passed1 one by one1 and  
no champion stood forth in defense of   
her purity and truth8 ,she was about to 
resign herself hopelessly to her        
inexorable fate1 when the sound of a    
horse's tramp was heard1 approaching at 
a rapid pace2 and a knight1 in complete 
armor1 mounted on a charger1 whose      
foaming mouth and reeking sides told    
that he had been ridden at a fearful    
pace1 dashed into the lists1 flung down 
his gauntlet of defiance1 and announced 
that he was come to do battle in behalf 
of the falsely-accused1 but stainless   
and guiltless queen4  ,there was an     
involuntary movement among the assembled
 multitude when ,garcia prepared for the
 inevitable encounter4 ,none knew1 or   
could guess1 who the knight might be4   
,no device nor emblem1 by which his     
identity would be discovered1 could be  
traced on his helmet or on his shield6  
but the ease with which he surmounted   
his steed1 and his graceful and gallant 
bearing1 evinced that he was an         

accomplished warrior4  ,in a few        
seconds1 the preliminary arrangements   
were complete2 and1 with lances in rest1
 the opponents approached4 ,in the first
 encounter1 to the amazement of all1    
,garcia was unhorsed1 and fell heavily  
to the ground4  ,she is innocent6 ,she  
is innocent6 shouted the multitude4     
,god be praised6 though ,i have lost a  
son1 was the subdued ejaculation of the 
king4  ,i am prepared1 in defense of the
 much-injured lady1 to do combat to the 
death1 said the stranger knight4 ,base  
and dastardly villain6 confess thy      
unnatural crime1 or prepare to meet me  
once more1 when ,i swear ,i will not let
 thee escape so lightly4  ,garcia       
hesitated2 he was evidently torn by     
conflicting emotions4 ,conscious        
guilt--fear of the just retribution of  
,heaven1 executed by the stranger's     
avenging sword--urged him to confess his
 villainy4 ,on the other hand1          
apprehension of the execrations of the  
multitude1 and the indignation of his   

injured parents1 restrained him from    
making a frank avowal of his crime4     
,remount1 miscreant6 and make ready for 
another encounter1 or confess that you  
have lied in your throat1 exclaimed the 
stranger1 sternly4  ,before ,garcia     
could reply1 an aged and venerable      
ecclesiastic threw himself between the  
opponents4  ,in the name of ,heaven6 ,i 
command ye to withhold from this        
unnatural strife1 he exclaimed1         
addressing them2 brothers are ye2 the   
blood of a common father flows in your  
veins4 ,ramiro--forbear4 ,garcia--the   
combat this day has testified to your   
guilt2 make the only atonement in your  
power1 by a full confession4            
,ejaculations of astonishment and pity  
burst from all the spectators4 ,long    
live the noble bastard6 ,the base-born  
has made base the well-born6 ,the       
step-son has proved the true son6       
,praise be to the ,virgin1 the mother of
 the people has not been left without a 
godson to fight for her6 ,and all the   

matrons1 and many even of the hardened  
warriors among the multitude1 wept with 
tenderness and joy4  ,in a few moments  
the agitated queen found herself in her 
husband's arms4 ,he implored her        
forgiveness for the sorrow she had      
endured2 nor could she withhold it1 even
 for a moment1 when she listened to the 
avowals of the degraded ,garcia1 who    
confessed how1 step by step1 he had     
poisoned his father's mind by tales of  
her infidelity1 in revenge for her      
refusal1 and that of ,pedro ,ss1 to     
intrust him with ,sancho's favorite     
charger1 black ,ilderim4  ,nuna turned  
from her abject son1 and motioned her   
young champion to approach4 ,he knelt at
 her feet4  ,ramiro1 she softly said1 as
 she unclasped the helmet and visor     
which concealed the handsome features of
 ,sancho's illegitimate son1 child of my
 affections1 for whom ,i have ever felt 
a mother's love1 though ,i have not     
borne for thee a mother's pains2 how    
shall ,i thank thee8 ,thou hast this day

 more than repaid the tenderness ,i     
lavished on thy infant years4 ,thou hast
 made clear my fair fame to all men2    
even at the risk of thy own young life4 
,i would lay down life itself for such a
 friend as you have been1 and esteem the
 sacrifice light1 rejoined ,ramiro1 with
 deep emotion4 ,i remember my childish  
days--before you came to ,navarre1 a    
bright1 happy1 innocent bride--when ,i  
wandered through my father's palace an  
unloved and neglected boy2 and ,i can   
recall vividly the moment when you first
 encountered me1 and1 struck by the     
resemblance ,i bore to the king1        
surmised the truth4 ,instead of hating  
me with the unjust aversion of an       
ungenerous nature1 you took the despised
 child to your heart1 and1 for the love 
you bore your lord1 you loved and       
cherished his base-born son4 ,for the   
genial atmosphere you created around me1
 and in which my affections expanded1   
and for the care you have bestowed on my
 education1 ,i owe you a debt of        

gratitude far deeper than ever child    
bore his own mother4 ,nature dictates   
maternal love1 in the one instance--but 
it is to the suggestions of a noble and 
generous heart that ,i have been        
indebted for the happiness of my life4  
,you owe me no thanks--for1 for such a  
friend no sacrifice can be too great4   
,nuna turned to the king2 and1 taking   
his hand in hers1 placed it on the head 
of her young champion4 ,i have brought  
you kingdoms as my dower1 she said1 but 
,i have not1 alas6 brought you a son so 
worthy as ,ramiro of being their ruler4 
,i freely forgive the ,infante the      
suffering he has caused me1 and hope    
that1 with advancing years1 he will     
cultivate the virtues in which he has   
shown himself to be deficient4 ,but     
,ramiro has already given evidence of   
the possession of those exalted         
qualities which insure the happiness of 
a people when possessed by their rulers4
 ,invest him then1 at my entreaty1 with 
the crown of ,arragon2 receive back to  

your confidence our faithful ,pedro ,ss2
 and suffer me to forget my past griefs 
in the anticipation of a love which     
shall never again be interrupted4  ,the 
king raised his hand in assent2 and the 
assembled multitude confirmed the       
investiture with one mighty             
shout--,ramiro6 ,ramiro6 long live      
,ramiro6 ,infante of ,arragon6     ,,the
 ,,farm-,,laborer4--,,the ,,son4  ,,by  
,,harriet ,,martineau4   ,it has been   
told that ,susan ,banks found herself   
well placed1 after the death of her     
insane aunt obliged her to look for a   
home and a maintenance4 ,as ,i am not   
telling her story1 ,i will pass over the
 account of the efforts she made to be a
 schoolmistress1 and the instruction she
 had as a dressmaker4 ,she was in poor  
health 7reduced by hunger7 and in debt  
#c to her uncle1 and nervous and        
anxious1 when she heard that a lady from
 the ,north1 then visiting in the       
neighborhood1 wanted just such a maid as
 ,susan thought she could become with a 

little teaching4 ,she obtained the      
place1 took pains to learn to wait at   
table1 c41 and within a year had paid   
her debt to her uncle1 and spared #b    
besides to her family2 and all this1    
though her box had had but few clothes  
in it when she went to her new home4    
,at the end of a year1 her employer1    
,miss ,foote1 began to think of         
cultivating the small portion of land   
about the house which had hitherto been 
let off for grazing1 and which was      
deteriorating in quality from the       
mismanagement of the tenant4 ,not       
approving of the methods of tillage in  
the neighborhood1 and knowing that there
 were no spare hands there1 ,miss ,foote
 wrote to a parish officer in ,susan's  
and her own native county1 to ask if a  
laborer of good character and sound     
qualifications could be sent to her by  
the parish1 on her engaging to pay him  
twelve shillings a week for a year and a
 half1 while her experiment of          
cultivation was under trial2 and longer1

 if it should be found to answer4 ,this 
was all she could undertake1 as she     
could not afford to carry on the scheme 
at a loss4 ,the answer was some time in 
coming4 ,when it came1 it told that     
pauper laborers could not be            
recommended2 but a better sort of       
laborer might be sent1 and his place in 
the parish would be filled1 only too    
easily1 by some of the young men from   
the workhouse4 ,the proposal was to send
 the very best man of his class known to
 the parish officers4 ,he and his wife  
had money enough in the savings' bank to
 pay their journey1 and they were       
willing to make the venture4 ,the man's 
name was ,harry ,banks4 ,miss ,foote    
took the letter into the kitchen1 and   
read it to ,susan and her               
fellow-servant4 ,when ,susan heard the  
name1 she started as if she had been    
shot1 and screamed out1 ,why1 that's my 
brother6 ,thus far1 far away from home1 
she was to have a brother and his wife  
beside her1 living in the pretty little 

cottage which was building behind the   
oak copse for the new laborer4 ,miss    
,foote inquired about the wife1 but     
could learn little4 ,susan told nothing 
but that she was a respectable woman1   
but so old1 and otherwise unsuitable1   
that it was a vexation to the family    
that ,harry had made such a marriage4   
,harry never seemed to see a single     
fault in her2 but his father and mother 
did not like ,dinah at all4  ,when ,miss
 ,foote afterward came to know the      
whole1 she thought this marriage the    
most terribly significant part of the   
whole family history of the ,bankses4   
,at thirty years of age ,harry was a    
pattern of a farm-laborer2 yet he had no
 prospect in life but of earning a      
precarious nine shillings a week1 till  
he should be too old to earn so much4   
,he worked for a rich1 close-fisted     
,dissenting gentleman1 who had always   
pious sayings on his lips and at the    
point of his pen1 but never took off his
 eye for an instant from his money gains

 and savings4 ,his wife was like him1   
and their servants grew like them--even 
the warm-hearted1 impetuous ,harry1 and 
much more ,dinah1 their worn out        
maid-of-all-work4 ,dinah always said    
that the register of her birth was      
unfortunately lost1 and she could not   
tell precisely how old she was2 and she 
called herself upwards o' forty4 ,most  
people supposed her about sixty when she
 married4 ,she used to tell ,harry that 
she was the prettiest girl in the city  
when she was young1 and ,harry did not  
ask how long ago that was1 nor look too 
much at the little wizened face1 not    
more marked by small-pox than by signs  
of over-exhausting toil4 ,whatever might
 be her age1 she was worn out by        
excessive work4 ,when ,harry's father   
heard that she and ,harry were going    
before the registrar to be married1 he  
kindly and seriously asked ,harry if he 
had considered what he was about2 and   
,harry's reply was enough to make any   
heart ache4  ,yes1 father1 ,i have4 ,i'm

 not so very much set on it2 but ,i     
think it will be most comfortable4 ,you 
see1 there's no use in people like us   
thinking of having children4 ,children  
would only starve us downright1 and     
bring us to the ,union4 ,you see1 none  
of us are married1 nor likely to be1    
except me with ,dinah4 ,she's clean and 
tidy1 you see1 and she has some wages   
laid by1 and so have ,i2 and so nobody  
need find fault4 ,and ,i shall be more  
comfortable like1 with somebody to do   
for me at home2 and--  ,and he was going
 on to tell how ,dinah would cook his   
dinner and mend his clothes1 but his    
father could not bear to hear him1 and  
finished off with saying that it was his
 own affair1 and he wished them well4   
,it was within a year after their       
marriage that ,harry was engaged1 by    
,miss ,foote4 ,in great glee he made    
haste to prepare himself for his        
important new place in every way he     
could think of4 ,he learned to trim a   
vine1 not knowing that the place he was 

going to was too far north for          
vine-growing4 ,he made interest with a  
butcher to learn how to kill a pig4 ,he 
made a little collection of superior    
cabbage and turnip seeds1 seed potatoes1
 c41 thus proving to ,miss ,foote at the
 outset that he had plenty of energy and
 quickness4 ,she found1 too1 that he had
 courage4 ,his employers1 vexed to lose 
two servants whom they had trained to   
excessive economy1 as well as hard work1
 did every thing that was possible1     
while there was any chance of success1  
to frighten them from moving northward4 
,they told ,dinah1 with mournful        
countenances1 that they should certainly
 die--that it was all the same as being 
transported--that it was cruelty in the 
parish officers to let them be tempted4 
,dinah repeated all this to ,harry2 and 
it staggered him at first2 but he       
presently remembered that ,susan wrote  
that her health had improved2 and her   
letters had not only contained          
post-office orders1 but plain signs that

 she was very happy4 ,harry determined  
to proceed2 and when he had once made up
 his mind1 his employers showed         
themselves very kind--helping their     
preparations1 and having them to dinner 
on the last day4  ,by their own account 
their journey must have been a curious  
affair4 ,their heads were so full of    
notions of thieves and sharpers1 that   
they did every thing in the slyest way1 
and wrapped themselves in mystery1 and  
pretended to despise their boxes1 while 
in one continued agony about them4 ,when
 met by a kind gentleman who was to see 
them through ,london1 ,dinah pretended  
not to be the right person1 lest the    
gentleman should not be the right2 so   
that it was lucky they did lose his help
 altogether4 ,miss ,foote was           
disagreeably impressed by their account 
of their great slyness1 and not less by 
the suspicious temper--natural1 perhaps1
 to ,dinah1 but not at all so to        
,harry--in which they began their new   
mode of life4 ,dinah was no servant of  

hers2 so she had nothing to do with     
,dinah's ways1 but to check the jealousy
 and suspicion she showed of her young  
sister-in-law and the young cook4 ,on   
occasion of leaving home for some weeks1
 the lady took the opportunity of       
intimating to the people at the cottage 
that there was a perfect understanding  
between the girls and herself1 as       
perfect a confidence as there can be    
between mother and daughters2 that their
 acquaintances came by her permission1  
and so forth4 ,harry promised to be     
attentive and sociable with his sister1 
and not to grow hot with the cook about 
how to feed the fowls and manage the    
churn4 ,that was the time when ,dinah   
left off peeping through the laurels to 
see who went to the back door1 and      
looking mysterious and sympathetic when 
holding forth to ,miss ,foote about     
young people4 ,still it was long before 
she left off locking her door and hiding
 the key1 if she turned her back for a  
minute1 and taking every body she did   

not know for a thief4 ,she was left to  
her own notions2 but with ,harry a      
serious remonstrance was necessary1 more
 than once1 within the first year of his
 new service4 ,miss ,foote was as much  
annoyed as amused with his higgling     
ways1 all in zeal for her interests4    
,she feared that she should have the    
reputation in the neighborhood of being 
a perfect miser1 so wonderful were      
,harry's stories of the bargains he     
attempted to drive4 ,she told him she   
hoped he would never succeed in any one 
such bargain as the many he told her of2
 and she laid her positive commands upon
 him never1 in her name1 to beat down   
the seller of any article she sent him  
to buy4 ,as she supposed1 she found he  
had caught up the trick from example1   
and had not the knowledge whereby to    
remedy it4 ,when she told him it was not
 the way of the place to cheat in making
 charges he shook his head1 and very    
nearly put his tongue in his cheek2 but 
when she explained to him how prices    

came to be1 and how an article can not  
properly be bought for less than it took
 to make or grow it1 he was convinced at
 once1 and his higgling method was      
softened down into a mere excessive     
strictness and vigilance in buying and  
selling transactions4 ,there never was  
any real meanness about the man4 ,in a  
few months he sent his father ten       
shillings2 in a few months more he sent 
him #a4 ,a small anecdote will show     
better than this1 that money is not     
naturally the first object with him4    
,when his employer kills a pig he is    
allowed to take a quarter at wholesale  
price1 and ,dinah cures the ham so well 
that by selling it they get their bacon 
for next to nothing4 ,one autumn1 when  
two pigs were killed1 there was such a  
scramble for them1 and so many neighbors
 would be hurt in their feelings if they
 could not have a portion1 that ,miss   
,foote found herself left with two      
gammons1 but no ham4 ,harry heard this  
in the kitchen4 ,he kept silence till   

his ham was finely cured1 and then1     
touching his hat as if asking a favor1  
he told his employer that she had done  
good things for him1 and he had never   
been able to do any for her1 and he     
should be much pleased if she would take
 the ham for what he gave for it4       
,though not agreeing to this exactly1   
,miss ,foote found herself obliged to   
take the ham very cheap4  ,another small
 incident showed the same gentlemanly   
spirit4 ,at the time when his whole soul
 was engrossed with the desire to make  
the experiment answer1 he had a request 
to present1 as often during a whole     
winter as he could edge it in4 ,there   
was a certain long1 ugly hedge1         
pernicious in every way1 which divided  
the field from a neighbor's4 ,the hedge 
belonged to the neighbor2 and it        
appeared that he would be heartily glad 
to give it away to any body who would   
take it down and put up some fence which
 would cover less ground and harbor less
 vermin4 ,harry was so eager to be      

allowed to remove the hedge1 that ,miss 
,foote at last told him that she should 
never have dreamed of his undertaking   
such a job in addition to his regular   
work2 but that he might please himself4 
,she would put up a new fence if he     
chose to make way for it4 ,he did it    
with no help but in felling some        
pollards4 ,one afternoon1 when wheeling 
up hill an enormous load of wood from   
the hedge1 he heard himself laughed at  
from the next field4 ,now1 no man winces
 more under a laugh than ,harry2 yet he 
bore it well this time4 ,some men called
 out mockingly that he was doing horse's
 work and man's work at once1 and they  
would not do that to please any body4   
,no1 said ,harry1 turning full round    
toward them1 nor1 ,i neither4 ,miss     
,foote never asked me to do this4 ,i do 
it to please myself4  ,no man1 ,i have  
said1 winces under a laugh more than    
,harry2 and his only suffering worth    
mentioning1 since he came to his new    
place1 has been from this dislike of    

ridicule4 ,when the cottage was ready1  
,miss ,foote proposed a house-warming1  
and invited herself and her two maids   
there to tea4 ,it was a particularly    
pleasant evening1 with a fine fire1 and 
plenty of light1 and good tea and cake1 
and all the five in capital spirits4    
,harry was made to take the arm-chair by
 his own fireside2 and when he began to 
crack his jokes it appeared that he had 
his own notions of the ridiculous4 ,he  
quizzed his nearest neighbor1 an old    
man1 who had married a comparatively    
young woman1 and whose children were    
forever playing about ,miss ,foote's    
gate4 ,when ,harry joked about that     
unequal match1 ,miss ,foote could not   
laugh4 ,she thought his own infinitely  
worse4 ,and the poor fellow soon saw    
that others were quizzing him1 much more
 severely than he had quizzed the old   
man4 ,he looks grave about ,dinah now1  
and has left off talking of his own     
prudence in making such a marriage4 ,he 
has also told his sister that when      

,dinah dies he shall not marry again4   
,it is very painful2 and yet ,dinah is  
improved beyond all that could have been
 anticipated4 ,she has put off her false
 front1 and lets her grizzled hair      
appear4 ,she no longer scans ,miss      
,foote's face to make out what it would 
be most acceptable that she should say1 
but rattles away about her affairs with 
a sort of youthful glee4 ,she no longer 
speaks in a whining tone1 but lets her  
voice take its own way4 ,one day she    
leaned on her rake 7when she was        
trimming her own flower-bed71 and told  
,miss ,foote1 without any canting       
whatever1 that she had quite changed her
 mind about the maids since she came4   
,she was looking too far then1 and so   
did not see what they were2 but she     
found in time that there was no slyness 
or pretense1 but that they were really  
good faithful girls1 working for their  
employer's good1 and with no plots of   
their own4 ,old as ,dinah seemed to be1 
there appears to be a chance of her     

growing ingenuous and agreeable before  
she dies4 ,the gentry who come to the   
house observe that they never saw two   
people so altered as ,harry and ,dinah2 
that they seem to have got new faces1 a 
new gait--a new mind4  ,harry had other 
ridicule to wince about4 ,the neighbors 
laughed at him and his employer about   
their whole plan2 they had never heard  
of keeping cows on less than three acres
 per cow1 or1 at least1 five acres for  
two2 they had never seen such deep      
digging2 they had never known any body  
take the trouble to remove stones1 or do
 any thing but bury them out of sight2  
they had never seen a currycomb used to 
a cow2 they had never known a           
hardworking man so poor-spirited as to  
be a water-drinker4 ,the milk must cost 
,miss ,foote #f;d4 a quart2 the cow     
would die2 ,harry would wear himself    
out2 and so forth4 ,one day1 the first  
winter1 the cow was very ill4 ,between  
the fear of the experiment being given  
up1 and love for the creature1 and dread

 of the neighbors1 ,harry was wretched4 
,the tears streamed down his face as he 
waited on the sick beast4 ,she got well1
 however2 and now ,harry meets ridicule 
with a bolder face4 ,a temperance       
society having been set up in the place1
 he has joined it1 though far above all 
temptation to drink4 ,he finds it a     
convenience1 when pressed to drink1 to  
cut the matter short by saying that he  
is a pledged member--and a curious      
temperance preacher he is4 ,when told   
lately that his cows would rot under his
 method of treatment1 his answer was3   
,no1 it isn't they that will rot4 ,i'll 
tell you who 'tis that will rot2 'tis   
them that put filthy spirits into their 
stomachs to turn their brains1 that will
 rot1 and not my cows1 that drink sweet 
water4  ,there is a grave side to       
,harry's lot now1 happy as he is4 ,he   
looks serious and hurt at times1 though 
his health has much strengthened1 his   
earnings are sure1 his wages are raised1
 his ,sunday dress is like that of a    

gentleman1 there is meat on his table   
daily1 and he has had the comfort of    
assisting his parents4 ,notwithstanding 
all this1 a cloud comes over his face at
 times4 ,as his sister says1 he feels   
the injury of his want of education4    
,his mind is opening very rapidly4 ,at  
any spare quarter of an hour he lectures
 ,miss ,foote on industry1 temperance1  
duty to parents1 and other good topics4 
,the moral discoveries he has made are  
wonderful to him4 ,he has attended      
church all his life2 but truths come    
with new force into his mind when they  
enter through the spirit of hope and the
 medium of success4 ,he says it was     
wonderful the ideas that come into a    
man's mind when he sets himself         
a-thinking over his work1 and there is  
no care to take up his thoughts4 ,hence 
the brightened countenance which the    
neighbors remark on3 but hence1 too1 the
 bitter regret at his wasted years of   
school life--at the injury of his want  
of education4 ,what might he not hope to

 be and do now1 ,susan says1 if he had  
but the knowledge that every man may be 
said to have the right to be possessed  
of8 ,yet1 the good fellow has raised his
 family to a point of comfort4 ,a       
gentleman who heard of his merits1 as a 
first-rate laborer1 wrote to the same   
parish officers1 to inquire if there    
were any brothers4 ,there was ,tom2 and 
,tom is now in a happy situation1 highly
 esteemed by his employer1 and earning  
#ads4 a week4 ,the employer1 finding    
that ,tom sadly missed intercourse with 
his family1 and knowing that he could   
neither read nor write letters1 sent for
 the sister1 ,lizzy1 to be              
under-nursemaid in the family4 ,in      
another way ,harry has done a deeper and
 wider good4 ,miss ,foote's friends tell
 her that his example is beginning to   
tell in the neighborhood2 his example1  
not only of strenuous and skillful      
labor1 but by integrity1 temperance1 and
 disinterested attachment to his        
employer4  ,all this is well--very      

pleasant to contemplate--but a          
disturbing question arises in the midst 
of it3 ,what can society say to these   
excellent young men in excuse for their 
deprivation of family life8 ,and again1 
what is at best their prospect for old  
age8     7,from ,bentley's ,miscellany47
  ,a ,,chapter ,,on ,,wolves4  ,,by     
,,the ,,author ,,of ,,lord ,,bacon ,,in 
,,adversity1 ,,etc4      ,we rustled    
through the leaves like wind1     ,left 
shrubs and trees and wolves behind2     
,by night ,i beard them on the track1   
,their troop came hard upon our back1   
,with their long gallop1 which can tire 
,the hounds' deep hate and hunter's     
fire2     ,where'er we flew1 they       
followed on1     ,nor left us with the  
morning sun4     ,behind ,i saw them1   
scarce a rood     ,at daybreak winding  
through the wood1     ,and through the  
night had heard their feet1     ,their  
stealing1 rustling step repeat4     ,oh6
 how ,i wished for spear or sword       
,at least to die amidst the horde1      

,and perish--if it must be so--     ,at 
bay1 destroying many a foe6             
,mazeppa4   ,a peculiar interest        
attaches to the wolf1 from the close    
analogy which in all its essential      
features it presents to the faithful    
companion of man4 ,so close indeed is   
the analogy1 that some of the ablest    
zoologists1 the celebrated ,john ,hunter
 included1 have entertained the opinion 
that dogs1 in all their varieties1 and  
wolves1 have descended from a common    
stock4 ,with the exception of an        
obliquity in the position of the eyes1  
there is no appreciable anatomical      
difference between these animals4 ,the  
question is one of difficulty2 but we   
believe we are correct in stating that  
the majority of the highest authorities 
agree in the belief that these animals  
are not derived from a common parent1   
but were originally distinct1 and will  
ever so continue4 ,there are several    
species of wild dogs known1 quite       
distinct from the wolf2 and although the

 opportunities have been numerous for   
dogs resuming their pristine form1 by   
long continuance in a savage state1 no  
instance has ever occurred of their     
becoming wolves1 however much they might
 degenerate from the domestic breed4    
,the honest and intelligent shepherd-dog
 was regarded by ,buffon as the fons et 
origo1 from which all other dogs1 great 
and small1 have sprung2 and he drew up a
 kind of genealogical table1 showing how
 climate1 food1 education1 and          
intermixture of breeds gave rise to the 
varieties4 ,at ,katmandoo there are many
 plants found in a wild state1 which man
 has carried with him in his migrations1
 and wild animals1 which may present the
 typical forms whence some of our       
domestic races have been derived2 among 
these is a wild dog1 which ,mr4 ,hodgson
 considers to be the primitive species  
of the whole canine race4 ,by ,professor
 ,kretchner1 the jackal was regarded as 
the type of the dogs of ancient ,egypt1 
an idea supported by the representations

 on the walls of the temples4 ,this     
question1 however1 of the origin of the 
canine race1 is so thoroughly obscured  
by the mists of countless ages1 as to be
 incapable of direct proof4             
,philosophers may indulge themselves    
with speculations2 but in the absence of
 that keystone1 proof1 the matter must  
rest on the basis of theory alone4  ,the
 following are some of the chief        
differences between wolves1 wild dogs1  
and domestic dogs4 ,the ears of the wild
 animals are always pricked1 the lop or 
drooping ear being essentially a mark of
 civilization2 with very rare           
exceptions1 their tails hang more or    
less and are bushy1 the honest cock of  
the tail so characteristic of a         
respectable dog1 being wanting4 ,this is
 certainly the rule2 but1 curious       
enough1 the ,zoological ,gardens contain
 at the present moment1 a ,portuguese   
female wolf which carries her tail as   
erect and with as bold an air as any    
dog4 ,wolves and wild dogs growl1 howl1 

yelp1 and cry most discordantly1 but    
with one exception1 do not bark2 that   
exception being the wild hunting-dog of 
,south ,africa1 which1 according to ,mr4
 ,cumming1 has three distinct cries2 one
 is peculiarly soft and melodious1 but  
distinguishable at a great distance3    
this is analogous to the trumpet-call1  
halt and rally1 of cavalry1 serving to  
collect the scattered pack when broken  
in hot chase4 ,a second cry1 which has  
been compared to the chattering of      
monkeys1 is emitted at night when the   
dogs are excited2 and the third note is 
described as a sharp1 angry bark1       
usually uttered when they behold an     
object they can not make out1 but which 
differs from the true1 well-known bark  
of the domestic dog4  ,the common or    
,european wolf is found from ,egypt to  
,lapland1 and is most probably the      
variety that formerly haunted these     
islands4 ,the wolves of ,russia are     
large and fierce1 and have a peculiarly 
savage aspect4 ,the ,swedish and        

,norwegian are similar to the ,russian  
in form1 but are lighter in color1 and  
in winter1 totally white4 ,those of     
,france are browner and smaller than    
either of these1 and the ,alpine wolves 
are smaller still4 ,wolves are very     
numerous in the northern regions of     
,america2 their foot-marks1 says ,sir   
,john ,richardson1 may be seen by the   
side of every stream1 and a traveler can
 rarely pass the night in these wilds   
without hearing them howling around     
him4#a ,these wolves burrow1 and bring  
forth their young in earths with several
 outlets1 like those of a fox4 ,sir     
,john saw none with the gaunt           
appearance1 the long jaw and tapering   
nose1 long legs and slender feet1 of the
 ,pyrenean wolves4  ,india1 too1 is     
infested with wolves1 which are smaller 
than the ,european4 ,there is a         
remarkably fine animal at the           
,zoological ,gardens1 born of a         
,european father and ,indian mother1    
which1 in size and other respects1 so   

closely partakes of the characteristics 
of his sire1 that he might well pass for
 pure blood4  ,among the ancients1      
wolves gave rise to many superstitious  
fictions4 ,for instance1 it was said    
that they possessed an evil eye1 and    
that1 if they looked on a man before he 
saw them1 he would forthwith lose his   
voice4 ,again1 we find the ,roman       
witches1 like the weird sisters of      
,macbeth1 employing the wolf in their   
incantations3      ,utque lupi barbam   
vari cum dente colubr     ,abdiderint   
furtim terris4            ,,hor4 ,sat4  
viii4 lib4 i4  ,there was a myth        
prevalent among the ancients1 that in   
,arcadia there lived a certain family of
 the ,anti1 of which one was ever       
obliged to be transformed into a wolf4  
,the members of the family cast lots1   
and all accompanied the luckless wight  
on whom the lot fell1 to a pool of      
water4 ,this he swam over1 and having   
entered into the wilderness on the other
 side1 was forthwith in form1 a wolf1   

and for nine years kept company with    
wolves3 at the expiration of that period
 he again swam across the pool1 and was 
restored to his natural shape1 only that
 the addition of nine years was placed  
upon his features4 ,it was also imagined
 that the tail of the wolf contained a  
hair1 which acted as a love philtre and 
excited the tender passion4 ,the myth of
 ,romulus and ,remus having been suckled
 by a wolf1 arose from the simple       
circumstance of their nurse having been 
named ,lupa--an explanation which sadly 
does away with the garland of romance   
that so long surrounded the story of the
 founders of ,rome4 ,the figure of the  
wolf at one time formed a standard for  
the ,roman legions1 as saith ,pliny1    
,caius ,marius1 in his second           
consulship1 ordained that the legions of
 ,roman soldiers only should have the   
egle for their standard1 and no other   
signe1 for before time the egle marched 
foremost indeed1 but in a ranke of foure
 others1 to wit1 wolves1 minotaures1    

horses1 and bores4#b  ,the dried snout  
of a wolf held1 in the estimation of the
 ancients1 the same rank that a         
horseshoe does now with the credulous4  
,it was nailed upon the gates of country
 farms1 as a counter-charm against the  
evil eye1 and was supposed to be a      
powerful antidote to incantations and   
witchcraft4 ,new-married ladies were    
wont1 upon their wedding-day1 to anoint 
the side-posts of their husbands' houses
 with wolves' grease1 to defeat all     
demoniac arts4 ,these animals bore1     
however1 but a bad character when alive2
 for1 exclusive of their depredations1  
it was imagined that if horses chanced  
to tread in the foot-tracks of wolves1  
their feet were immediately benumbed2   
but ,pliny also says1 ,verily1 the great
 master teeth and grinders of a wolf    
being hanged about an horse necke1 cause
 him that he shall never tire and be    
weary1 be he put to never so much       
running in any race whatsoever4 ,when a 
territory was much infested with wolves1

 the following ceremony was performed   
with much solemnity and deep subsequent 
carousal3 ,a wolf would be caught alive1
 and his legs carefully broken4 ,he was 
then dragged around the confines of the 
farm1 being bled with a knife from time 
to time1 so that the blood might        
sprinkle the ground4 ,being generally   
dead when the journey had been          
completed1 he was buried in the very    
spot whence he had started on his       
painful race4  ,there was scarcely a    
filthy thing upon the earth1 or under   
the earth1 which the ancients did not in
 some way use medicinally2 and we find  
,paulus gineta recommends the dry and   
pounded liver of a wolf1 steeped in     
sweet wine1 as a sovereign remedy for   
diseases of the liver1 c4  ,our ,english
 word wolf is derived from the ,saxon   
wulf and from the same root1 the ,german
 wolf1 the ,swedish ulf1 and ,danish ulv
 are probably derived4 ,wolves were at  
one time a great scourge to this        
country1 the dense forests which        

formerly covered the land favoring their
 safety and their increase4 ,edgar      
applied himself seriously to rid his    
subjects of this pest1 by commuting the 
punishment of certain crimes into the   
acceptance of a number of wolves'       
tongues from each criminal2 and in      
,wales by commuting a tax of gold and   
silver imposed on the ,princes of       
,cambria by ,ethelstan1 into an annual  
tribute of three hundred wolves' heads1 
which ,jenaf1 ,prince of ,north ,wales1 
paid so punctually1 that by the fourth  
year the breed was extinct4 ,not so1    
however1 in ,england1 for like ill      
weeds1 they increased and multiplied    
here1 rendering necessary the           
appointment1 in the reign of the first  
,edward1 of a wolf-hunter general1 in   
the person of one ,peter ,corbet2 and   
his majesty thought it not beneath his  
dignity to issue a mandamus1 bearing    
date ,may #adth1 #abha1 to all bailiffs1
 c41 to aid and assist the said ,peter  
in the destruction of wolves in the     

counties of ,gloucester1 ,worcester1    
,hereford1 ,shropshire1 and ,stafford2  
and ,camden informs us that in ,derby1  
lands were held at ,wormhill by the duty
 of hunting and taking the wolves that  
infested that county4 ,in the reign of  
,athelstan1 these pests had so abounded 
in ,yorkshire1 that a retreat was built 
at ,flixton in that county1 to defend   
passengers from the wolves that they    
should not be devoured by them4 ,our    
,saxon ancestors also called ,january1  
when wolves pair1 wolf-moneth2 and an   
outlaw was termed wolfshed1 being out of
 the protection of the law1 and as      
liable to be killed as that destructive 
beast4  ,a curious notice of the        
existence of wolves and foxes in        
,scotland is afforded in ,bellenden's   
translation of ,boetius4#c ,the wolffis 
are right noisome to tame beastial in   
all parts of ,scotland1 except one part 
thereof1 named ,glenmorris1 in which the
 tame beastial gets little damage of    
wild beastial1 especially of tods       

7foxes72 for each house nurses a young  
tod certain days1 and mengis 7mixes7 the
 flesh thereof1 after it be slain1 with 
such meat as they give to their fowls or
 other small beasts1 and so many as eat 
of this meat are preserved two months   
after from any damage of tods2 for tods 
will eat no flesh that gusts of their   
own kind4 ,the last wolf killed in      
,scotland is said to have fallen by the 
hand of ,sir ,ewen ,cameron1 about      
#afhj2 and singular to say1 the skin of 
this venerable quadruped may yet be in  
existence3 in a catalogue of ,mr4       
,donnovan's sale of the ,london ,museum1
 in ,april1 #ahah1 there occurs the     
following item1 ,lot #hcb4 ,wolf1 a     
noble animal in a large glass case4 ,the
 last wolf killed in ,scotland1 by ,sir 
,e4 ,cameron4 ,it would be interesting  
to know what became of this lot4  ,the  
pairing time is ,january1 when after    
many battles with rivals1 the strongest 
males attach themselves to the females4 
,the female wolf prepares a warm nest   

for her young1 of soft moss and her own 
hair1 carefully blended together4 ,the  
cubs are watched by the parents with    
tender solicitude1 are gradually        
accustomed to flesh1 and when           
sufficiently strong their education     
begins1 and they are taken to join in   
the chase2 not the least curious part is
 the discipline by which they are inured
 to suffering and taught to bear pain   
without complaint2 their parents are    
said to bite1 maltreat1 and drag them by
 the tail1 punishing them if they utter 
a cry1 until they have learned to be    
mute4 ,to this quality ,macaulay alludes
 when speaking of a wolf in his         
,prophecy of ,capys3      ,when all the 
pack1 loud baying1       ,her bloody    
lair surrounds1     ,she dies in        
silence1 biting hard1       ,amidst the 
dying hounds4  ,it is curious to observe
 the cunning acquired by wolves in well 
inhabited districts1 where they are     
eagerly sought for destruction2 they    
then never quit cover to windward3 they 

trot along just within the edges of the 
wood until they meet the wind from the  
open country1 and are assured by their  
keen scent that no danger awaits them in
 that quarter--then they advance1       
keeping under cover of hedgerows as much
 as possible1 moving in single file and 
treading in each other's track2 narrow  
roads they bound across1 without leaving
 a footprint4 ,when a wolf contemplates 
a visit to a farmyard1 he first         
carefully reconnoitres the ground1      
listening1 snuffing up the air1 and     
smelling the earth2 he then springs over
 the threshold without touching it and  
seizes on his prey4 ,in retreat his head
 is low1 turned obliquely1 with one ear 
forward the other back1 and the eyes    
glaring4 ,he trots crouching1 his brush 
obliterating the track of his feet till 
at some distance from the scene of his  
depredation1 then feeling himself       
secure1 he waves his tail erect in      
triumph1 and boldly pushes on to cover4 
,in northern ,india1 wolves together    

with jackals and pariah dogs1 prowl     
about the dwellings of ,europeans4      
,colonel ,hamilton ,smith relates a     
curious accident which befell a servant 
who was sleeping in a verandah with his 
head near the outer lattice3 a wolf     
thrust his jaws between the bamboo1     
seized the man by the head1 and         
endeavored to drag him through2 the     
man's shrieks awakened the whole        
neighborhood1 and assistance came1 but  
though the wolf was struck at by many1  
he escaped4 ,wolves have even been known
 to attack sentries when single1 as in  
the last campaign of the ,french armies 
in the vicinity of ,vienna1 when several
 of the videttes were carried off by    
them4 ,during the retreat of ,napoleon's
 army from ,russia1 wolves of the       
,siberian race followed the troops to   
the borders of the ,rhine2 specimens of 
these wolves shot in the vicinity1 and  
easily distinguishable from the native  
breed1 are still preserved in the       
museums of ,neuwied1 ,frankfort1 and    

,cassel4  ,captain ,lyon#d relates the  
following singular instance of the      
cunning of a wolf which had been caught 
in a trap1 and1 being to all appearance 
dead1 was dragged on board ship3 ,the   
eyes1 however1 were observed to wink    
whenever an object was placed near them1
 some precautions were1 therefore1      
considered necessary1 and the legs being
 tied the animal was hoisted up with his
 head downward4 ,he then1 to our        
surprise1 made a vigorous spring at     
those near him1 and afterward repeatedly
 turned himself upward so as to reach   
the rope by which he was suspended1     
endeavoring to gnaw it asunder1 and     
making angry snaps at the persons who   
prevented him4 ,several heavy blows were
 struck on the back of his neck1 and a  
bayonet was thrust through him1 yet     
above a quarter of an hour elapsed      
before he died4  ,hearne1 in his journey
 to the ,northern ,ocean1 says1 that the
 wolves always burrow under ground at   
the breeding season1 and though it is   

natural to suppose them very fierce at  
those times1 yet he has frequently seen 
the ,indians go to their dens1 take out 
the cubs and play with them4 ,these they
 never hurt1 and always scrupulously put
 them in the den again1 although they   
occasionally painted their faces with   
vermilion and red ochre1 in strange and 
grotesque patterns4  ,this statement is 
supported by incidents which have       
occurred in this metropolis2 there was a
 bitch wolf in the ,tower ,menagerie1   
which1 though excessively fond of her   
cubs1 suffered the keepers to handle    
them1 and even remove them from the den1
 without evincing the slightest symptom 
either of anger or alarm2 and a still   
more remarkable instance is related from
 observation1 by ,mr4 ,bell3 ,there was 
a wolf at the ,zoological ,gardens 7says
 that able naturalist7 which would      
always come to the front bars of the den
 as soon as ,i or any other person whom 
she knew1 approached2 she had pups1 too1
 and so eager1 in fact1 was she that her

 little ones should share with her in   
the notice of her friends1 that she     
killed all of them in succession by     
rubbing them against the bars of her den
 as she brought them forward to be      
fondled4  ,during the last year1 #hhjg  
wolves' skins were imported by the      
,hudson's ,bay ,company from their      
settlements2 of which #hghd came from   
the ,york ,fort and ,mackenzie ,river   
stations2 we recently had the           
opportunity of examining the stock1 and 
found it principally composed of white  
wolves' skins from the ,churchill       
,river1 with black and gray skins of    
every shade4 ,the most valuable are from
 animals killed in the depth of winter1 
and of these1 the white skins1 which are
 beautifully soft and fine1 are worth   
about thirty shillings apiece1 and are  
exported to ,hungary1 where they are in 
great favor with the nobles as trimming 
for pelisses and hussar jackets2 the    
gray wolves' skins are worth from three 
shillings and sixpence upward1 and are  

principally exported to ,america and the
 ,north of ,europe1 to be used as       
cloak-linings4  ,colonel ,h4 ,smith     
mentions a curious instance of the      
treacherous ferocity of the wolf4 ,a    
butcher at ,new ,york had brought up1   
and believed he had tamed1 a wolf1 which
 he kept for above two years chained up 
in the slaughterhouse1 where it lived in
 a complete superabundance of blood and 
offal4 ,one night1 having occasion for  
some implement which he believed was    
accessible in the dark1 he went into    
this little ,smithfield without thinking
 of the wolf4 ,he was clad in a thick   
frieze coat1 and while stooping to grope
 for what he wanted1 he heard the chain 
rattle1 and in a moment was struck down 
by the animal springing upon him4       
,fortunately1 a favorite cattle-dog had 
accompanied his master1 and rushed      
forward to defend him3 the wolf had hold
 of the man's collar1 and being obliged 
to turn in his own defense1 the butcher 
had time to draw a large knife1 with    

which he ripped his assailant open4 ,the
 same able writer relates an incident   
which occurred to an ,english gentleman1
 holding a high public situation in the 
peninsula1 during a wolf-hunt in the    
mountains1 near ,madrid4 ,the sportsmen 
were placed in ambush1 and the          
country-people drove the game toward    
them2 presently an animal came bounding 
upward toward this gentleman1 so large  
that he took it1 while driving through  
the high grass and bushes1 for a donkey2
 it was a wolf1 however1 whose glaring  
eyes meant mischief1 but1 scared by the 
click of the rifle1 he turned and made  
his escape1 though a bullet whistled    
after him2 at the close of the hunt     
seven were found slain1 and so large    
were they that this gentleman1 though of
 uncommon strength1 could not lift one  
entirely from the ground4  ,the wolf of 
,america is at times remarkable for     
cowardice1 though bold enough when      
pressed by hunger1 or with other wolves4
 ,mr4 ,r4 ,c4 ,taylor1 of ,philadelphia1

 states that this animal1 when trapped1 
is silent1 subdued1 and unresisting4 ,he
 was present when a fine young wolf1    
about fifteen months old1 was taken by  
surprise1 and suddenly attacked with a  
club4 ,the animal offered no resistance1
 but1 crouching down in the supplicating
 manner of a dog1 suffered himself to be
 knocked on the head4 ,an old hunter    
told ,mr4 ,taylor that he had frequently
 taken a wolf out of the trap1 and      
compelled it by a few blows to lie down 
by his side1 while he reset his trap4   
,the ,esquimaux wolf-trap is made of    
strong slabs of ice1 long and so narrow1
 that a fox can with difficulty turn    
himself in it1 and a wolf must actually 
remain in the position in which he is   
taken4 ,the door is a heavy portcullis  
of ice1 sliding in two well-secured     
grooves of the same substance1 and is   
kept up by a line which1 passing over   
the top of the trap1 is carried through 
a hole at the farthest extremity4 ,to   
the end of the line is fastened a small 

hoop of whale-bone1 and to this any kind
 of flesh bait is attached4 ,from the   
slab which terminates the trap1 a       
projection of ice1 or a peg of bone or  
wood1 points inward near the bottom1 and
 under this the hoop is slightly hooked2
 the slightest pull at the bait         
liberates it1 the door falls in an      
instant1 and the wolf is speared where  
he lies4  ,sir ,john ,richardson states 
that1 when near the ,copper ,mines      
,river in ,north ,america1 he had more  
than once an opportunity of seeing a    
single wolf in pursuit of a reindeer1   
and especially on ,point ,lake1 when    
covered with ice1 when a fine buck      
reindeer was overtaken by a large white 
wolf1 and disabled by a bite in the     
flank4 ,an ,indian1 who was concealed1  
ran in and cut the deer's throat with   
his knife1 the wolf at once             
relinquishing his prey and sneaking off4
 ,in the chase the poor deer urged its  
flight by great bounds1 which for a time
 exceeded the speed of the wolf2 but it 

stopped so frequently to gaze on its    
relentless enemy1 that the latter1      
toiling on at a long gallop 7so         
admirably described by ,byron71 with his
 tongue lolling out of his mouth1       
gradually came up4 ,after each hasty    
look1 the deer redoubled its efforts to 
escape1 but1 either exhausted by fatigue
 or enervated by fear1 it became1 just  
before it was overtaken1 scarcely able  
to keep its feet4  ,captain ,lyon gives 
some interesting illustrations of the   
habits of the wolves of ,melville       
,peninsula1 which were sadly destructive
 to his dogs4 ,a fine dog was lost in   
the afternoon4 ,it had strayed to the   
hummocks ahead1 without its master2 and 
,mr4 ,elder1 who was near the spot1 saw 
five wolves rush at1 attack1 and devour 
it1 in an incredibly short space of     
time3 before he could reach the place1  
the carcass was torn in pieces1 and he  
found only the lower part of one leg4   
,the boldness of the wolves was         
altogether astonishing1 as they were    

almost constantly seen among the        
hummocks1 or lying quietly1 at no great 
distance1 in wait for the dogs4 ,from   
all we observed1 ,i have no reason to   
suppose that they would attack a single 
unarmed man1 both ,english and          
,esquimaux frequently passing them1     
without a stick in their hands4 ,the    
animals1 however1 exhibited no symptoms 
of fear1 but rather a kind of tacit     
agreement not to be the beginners of a  
quarrel1 even though they might have    
been certain of proving victorious4#e   
,another time1 when pressed by hunger1  
the wolves broke into a snow-hut1 in    
which were a couple of newly-purchased  
,esquimaux dogs1 and carried the poor   
animals off1 but not without some       
difficulty2 for even the ceiling of the 
hut was next morning found sprinkled    
with blood and hair4 ,when the alarm was
 given1 and the wolves were fired at1   
one of them was observed carrying a dead
 dog in his mouth1 clear of the ground1 
and going1 with ease1 at a canter1      

notwithstanding the animal was of his   
own weight4 ,it was curious to observe  
the fear these dogs seemed1 at times1 to
 entertain of wolves4  ,during ,sir     
,john ,richardson's residence at        
,cumberland-house1 in #ahbj1 a wolf1    
which had been prowling round the fort1 
was wounded by a musket-ball1 and driven
 off1 but returned after dark1 while the
 blood was still flowing from its wound1
 and carried off a dog from among fifty 
others1 that had not the courage to     
unite in an attack on their enemy4 ,the 
same writer says1 that he has frequently
 observed an ,indian dog1 after being   
worsted in combat with a black wolf1    
retreat into a corner1 and howl1 at     
intervals1 for an hour together2 these  
,indian dogs1 also1 howl piteously when 
apprehensive of punishment1 and throw   
themselves into attitudes strongly      
resembling those of a wolf when caught  
in a trap4  ,foxes are frequently taken 
in the pitfalls set for wolves1 and seem
 to possess more cunning4 ,an odd       

incident is related by ,mr4 ,lloyd3 ,a  
fox was lying at the bottom of a        
pitfall1 apparently helpless1 when a    
very stout peasant1 having placed a     
ladder1 began to descend with cautious  
and creaking steps to destroy the       
vermin4 ,reynard1 however1 thought he   
might benefit by the ladder1 as well as 
his corpulent visitor1 and1 just as the 
latter reached the ground1 jumped1      
first1 on his stern1 then1 on his       
shoulder1 skipped out of the pit1 and   
was off in a moment1 leaving the man    
staring and swearing at his impudent    
escape6  ,captain ,lyon mentions an     
instance of the sagacity of the fox3 he 
had caught and tamed one of these       
animals1 which he kept on deck1 in a    
small hutch1 with a scope of chain4     
,finding himself repeatedly drawn out of
 his hutch by this1 the sagacious little
 fellow1 whenever he retreated within   
his castle1 took the chain in his mouth1
 and drew it so completely in after him1
 that no one1 who valued his fingers1   

would endeavor to take hold of the end  
attached to the staple4  ,mr4 ,lloyd    
mentions a curious contest that took    
place in the vicinity of ,uddeholm4 ,a  
peasant had just got into bed1 when his 
ears were assailed by a tremendous      
uproar in his cattle-shed4 ,on hearing  
this noise1 he jumped up1 and1 though   
almost in a state of nudity1 rushed into
 the building to see what was the       
matter3 here he found an immense wolf1  
which he gallantly seized by the ears1  
and called out most lustily for         
assistance4 ,his wife--the gallant      
,trulla--came to his aid1 armed with a  
hatchet1 with which she severely wounded
 the wolf's head2 but it was not until  
she had driven the handle of the hatchet
 down the animal's throat1 that she     
succeeded in dispatching him4 ,during   
the conflict1 the man's hands and wrists
 were bitten through and through2 and1  
when seen by ,mr4 ,lloyd1 the wounds    
were not healed4  ,like dogs1 wolves are
 capable of strong attachment2 but such 

instances are comparatively rare3 the   
most striking1 perhaps1 was that        
recorded by ,m4 ,frederick ,cuvier1 as  
having come under his notice at the     
,mnagerie du ,roi at ,paris4 ,the wolf  
in question was brought up as a young   
dog1 became familiar with persons he was
 in the habit of seeing1 and1 in        
particular1 followed his master every   
where1 evincing chagrin at his absence1 
obeying his voice1 and showing a degree 
of submission scarcely differing1 in any
 respect1 from that of the most         
thoroughly-domesticated dog4 ,his       
master1 being obliged to be absent for a
 time1 presented his pet to the         
menagerie1 where he was confined in a   
den4 ,here he became disconsolate1      
pined1 and would scarcely take food2 at 
length1 he was reconciled to his new    
situation1 recovered his health1 became 
attached to his keepers1 and appeared to
 have forgotten auld lang syne1 when1   
after the lapse of eighteen months1 his 
old master returned4 ,at the first sound

 of his voice--that well-known1         
much-loved voice--the wolf1 which had   
not perceived him in a crowd of persons1
 exhibited the most lively joy1 and1    
being set at liberty1 lavished upon him 
the most affectionate caresses1 just as 
the most attached dog would have done4  
,with some difficulty1 he was enticed to
 his den4 ,but a second separation was  
followed by similar demonstrations of   
sorrow to the former2 which1 however1   
again yielded to time4 ,three years     
passed away1 and the wolf was living    
happily with a dog which had been placed
 with him1 when his master again        
appeared--and again the long-lost1 but  
well-remembered voice1 was instantly    
replied to by the most impatient cries1 
redoubled as soon as the poor fellow was
 at liberty4 ,rushing to his master1 he 
placed his fore-feet on his shoulders1  
licking his face with every mark of the 
most lively joy1 and menacing the       
keepers who offered to remove him4 ,a   
third separation1 however1 took place1  

but it was too much for the poor        
creature's temper3 he became gloomy1    
refused his food1 and1 for some time1 it
 was feared he would die4 ,time1        
however1 which blunts the grief of      
wolves1 as well as of men1 brought      
comfort to his wounded heart1 and his   
health gradually returned2 but1 looking 
upon mankind as false deceivers1 he no  
longer permitted the caresses of any but
 his keepers1 manifesting to all        
strangers the savageness and moroseness 
of his species4  ,another instance of   
the attachment of wolves is mentioned by
 ,mr4 ,lloyd1 in his work on the ,sports
 of the ,north4 ,mr4 ,greiff1 who had   
studied the habits of wild animals1 for 
which his position1 as oferjg mstare1   
afforded peculiar facilities1 says3 ,i  
reared up two young wolves until they   
were full-grown3 they were male and     
female4 ,the latter became so tame1 that
 she played with me1 and licked my      
hands1 and ,i had her often with me in  
the sledge1 in winter4 ,once1 when ,i   

was absent1 she got loose from the      
chain1 and was away three days4 ,when ,i
 returned home1 ,i went out on a hill1  
and called1 'where's my ,tussa8' as she 
was named1 when she immediately came    
home1 and fondled with me1 like the most
 friendly dog4  ,between the dog and the
 wolf there is a natural enmity1 and    
those animals seldom encounter each     
other on at all equal terms without a   
combat taking place4 ,should the wolf   
prove victorious1 he devours his        
adversary1 but if the contrary be the   
case1 the dog leaves untouched the      
carcass of his antagonist4  ,the wolf   
feeds on the rat1 hare1 fox1 badger1    
roebuck1 stag1 reindeer and elk2        
likewise upon blackcock and capercali4  
,he is possessed of great strength1     
especially in the muscles of the neck   
and jaws1 is said always to seize his   
prey by the throat1 and when it happens 
to be a large animal1 as the elk1 he is 
often dragged for a considerable        
distance4  ,after a deep fall of snow   

the wolf is unusually ferocious2 if he  
besmears himself with the blood of a    
victim1 or is so wounded that blood     
flows1 it is positively asserted that   
his companions will instantly kill and  
devour him4  ,in the year #agii a       
peasant at ,frederickshall in ,norway   
was looking out of his cottage window1  
when he espied a large wolf enter his   
premises and seize one of his goats4 ,at
 this time he had a child of eighteen   
months old in his arms2 he incautiously 
laid her down in a small porch fronting 
the house1 and1 catching hold of a      
stick1 the nearest weapon at hand1      
attacked the wolf1 which was in the act 
of carrying off the goat4 ,the wolf     
dropped this1 and getting sight of the  
child1 in the twinkling of an eye seized
 it1 threw it across his shoulders1 and 
was off like lightning4 ,he made good   
his escape1 and not a vestige was ever  
seen of the child4  ,wolves are found   
all over ,scandinavia1 but are most     
common in the ,midland and ,northern    

,provinces of ,sweden4 ,like ,elia1 they
 are very partial to young pig1 a       
failing taken advantage of by sportsmen 
thus3 they sew up in a sack a small     
porker1 leaving only his snout free1 and
 place him in a sledge1 to the back of  
which is fastened by a rope about fifty 
feet long1 a small bundle of straw1     
covered with black sheep skin2 this1    
when the sledge is in motion1 dangles   
about like a young pig4  ,during a very 
severe winter a party started in the    
vicinity of ,forsbacka1 well provided   
with guns1 c4 ,on reaching a likely spot
 they pinched the pig1 which squealed   
lustily1 and1 as they anticipated1 soon 
drew a multitude of famished wolves     
about the sledge4 ,when these had       
approached within range the party opened
 fire on them1 and shot several2 all    
that were either killed or wounded were 
quickly torn to pieces and devoured by  
their companions1 but the blood with    
which the ravenous beasts had now       
glutted themselves only served to make  

them more savage than before1 and1 in   
spite of the fire kept up by the party1 
they advanced close to the sledge1      
apparently determined on making an      
instant attack4 ,to preserve the party1 
therefore1 the pig was thrown to the    
wolves1 which had for a moment the      
effect of diverting their attention4    
,while this was going forward1 the      
horse1 driven to desperation by the near
 approach of the wolves1 struggled and  
plunged so violently that he broke the  
shafts to pieces1 galloped off1 and made
 good his escape4 ,the pig was devoured1
 and the wolves again threatened to     
attack the sportsmen4 ,the captain and  
his friends finding matters had become  
serious1 turned the sledge bottom up and
 took shelter beneath it1 in which      
position they remained many hours1 the  
wolves making repeated attempts to get  
at them by tearing the sledge with their
 teeth1 but at length the party were    
relieved by friends from then perilous  
position4  ,lieutenant ,oldenburg once  

witnessed a curious occurrence4 ,he was 
standing near the margin of a large lake
 which at that time was frozen over4 ,at
 some little distance from the land a   
small aperture had been made for the    
purpose of procuring water1 and at this 
hole a pig was drinking4 ,while looking 
toward the horizon1 the lieutenant saw a
 mere speck or ball1 as it were1 rapidly
 moving along the ice3 presently this   
took the form of a large wolf1 which was
 making for the pig at top speed4       
,lieutenant ,oldenburg now seized his   
gun1 and ran to the assistance of the   
pig2 but before he got up to the spot   
the wolf had closed with the porker1    
which1 though of large size1 he tumbled 
over and over in a trice4 ,his attention
 was so much occupied1 that ,lieutenant 
,oldenburg was able to approach within a
 few paces and dispatch him with a shot4
 ,a piece as large as a man's foot had  
been torn out of the pig's hind         
quarters2 and he was so terribly        
frightened that he followed the         

lieutenant home like a dog1 and would   
not quit his heels for a moment4  ,mr4  
,lloyd mentions an incident that befell 
him1 in consequence of swine mistaking  
his dogs for wolves1 to which they bear 
the most instinctive antipathy4 ,one    
day1 in the depth of winter1 accompanied
 by his ,irish servant1 he struck into  
the forest1 in the vicinity of          
,carlstadt1 for the purpose of shooting 
capercali4 ,toward evening they came to 
a small hamlet1 situated in the recesses
 of the forest4 ,here an old sow with   
her litter were feeding2 and immediately
 on seeing the two valuable pointers    
which accompanied the sportsman1 she    
made a determined and most ferocious    
dash at them4 ,the servant had a light  
spear in his hand1 similar to that used 
by our lancers4 ,this ,mr4 ,lloyd       
seized1 and directing ,paddy to throw   
the dogs over a fence1 received the     
charge of the pig with a heavy blow     
across the snout with the butt end of   
the spear4 ,nothing daunted1 she made   

her next attack upon him2 and1 in       
self-defense1 he was obliged to give her
 a home thrust with the blade of the    
spear4 ,these attacks she repeated three
 several times1 always getting the spear
 up to the hilt in her head or neck4    
,then1 and not before1 did she slowly   
retreat1 bleeding at all points4 ,the   
peasants1 supposing ,mr4 ,lloyd to be   
the aggressor1 assumed a very hostile   
aspect1 and it was only by showing a    
bold bearing1 and menacing them with his
 gun1 that he escaped in safety4  ,a    
poor soldier was one day1 in the depth  
of winter1 crossing the large lake      
called ,storsyn1 and was attacked by a  
drove of wolves4 ,his only weapon was a 
sword1 with which he defended himself so
 gallantly1 that he killed and wounded  
several wolves1 and succeeded in driving
 off the remainder4 ,after a time1 he   
was again attacked by the same drove1   
but was now unable to extricate himself 
from his perilous situation in the same 
manner as before1 for having neglected  

to wipe the blood from his sword after  
the former encounter1 it had become     
firmly frozen to the scabbard4 ,the     
ferocious beasts therefore1 quickly     
closed with him1 killed and devoured    
him4 ,if we remember aright1 ,captain   
,kincaid1 the present gallant ,exon of  
the ,yeoman ,guard1 nearly lost his life
 at ,waterloo1 from a somewhat similar  
cause4 ,he had been skirmishing all the 
earlier part of the day with the        
,rifles1 when a sudden charge of ,french
 cavalry placed him in great danger4 ,he
 essayed to draw his sabre1 tugged and  
tugged1 but the trusty steel had become 
firmly rusted to the scabbard2 and we   
believe that he owed his life to an     
accidental diversion of the attention of
 the attacking troopers4  ,closely      
resembling in many respects the wolf1   
the jackal is widely spread over ,india1
 ,asia1 and ,africa4 ,these animals hunt
 in packs1 and there are few sounds more
 startling to the unaccustomed ear1 than
 a chorus of their cries4 ,we hardly    

know1 says ,captain ,beechey1 a sound   
which partakes less of harmony than that
 which is at present in question2 and1  
indeed1 the sudden burst of the         
answering long protracted scream1       
succeeding immediately to the opening   
note1 is scarcely less impressive than  
the roll of the thunder clap immediately
 after a flash of lightning4 ,the effect
 of this music is very much increased   
when the first note is heard in the     
distance1 a circumstance which often    
occurs1 and the answering yell bursts   
out from several points at once1 within 
a few yards or feet of the place where  
the auditors are sleeping4  ,poultry and
 the smaller animals1 together with dead
 bodies1 are the ordinary food of       
jackals1 but when rendered bold by      
hanger1 they will occasionally attack   
the larger quadrupeds and even man4  ,a 
bold1 undaunted presence and defiant    
aspect1 generally proves the best       
protection when an unarmed man is       
threatened by these or other animals1   

but artifice is sometimes necessary4 ,a 
ludicrous instance is related by an old 
quartermaster 7whom we knew some years  
ago71 in a small volume of memoirs4 ,at 
,christmas1 #ahbf1 he was sent up the   
country to a mission1 about thirty-two  
miles from ,san ,francisco4 ,he and the 
others erected a tent2 after which they 
all lay down on the ground4 ,i slept    
like a top1 says he1 till four the next 
morning1 at which time ,i was awakened  
by the man whose duty it was to         
officiate as cook for the day1 who told 
me if ,i would go up the village and get
 a light1 he would have a good breakfast
 ready for the lads by the time they    
awoke4 ,i must describe my dress1 for   
that very dress saved my life4 ,over the
 rest of my clothing1 as a seaman1 ,i   
had a huge frock made from the skin of a
 reindeer4 ,it was long enough1 when let
 down1 to cover my feet well1 and turned
 up at foot1 buttoning all round the    
skirt4 ,at the top was a hood1 made from
 the skin1 taken off the head of a bear1

 ears and all4 ,in front was a square   
lappel1 which1 in the day1 hung loosely 
over the breast1 but at night1 buttoned 
just behind the ears1 leaving only the  
mouth1 nose1 and eyes free for          
respiration1 so that one1 with such a   
dress1 might lie down any where and     
sleep1 warm and comfortable4 ,mr4 ,s----
 had given eight dollars for it in      
,kamtschatka1 and1 on our return to more
 genial climes1 forgot the future1 and  
gave it to me4 ,fancy1 then1 my figure  
thus accoutred1 issuing from under the  
canvas tent1 with a lantern in my hand4 
,i had not advanced twenty yards1 when  
first only two or three1 and then an    
immense number of jackals surrounded me4
 ,i was at first disposed to think but  
lightly of them3 but seeing their       
numbers increase so rapidly1 ,i grew    
alarmed1 and probably gave way to fear  
sooner than ,i ought4 ,a few shots from 
the tent would probably have sent them  
away with speed1 but no one saw me4     
,every moment they drew closer and      

closer in a complete round1 and seemed  
to look at me with determined hunger4   
,for some moments ,i remained in a most 
dreadful state of alarm4 ,it just then  
occurred to me that ,i once heard of a  
boy who had driven back a bull out of a 
field by walking backward on his hands  
and feet4 ,fortunate thought6 ,i caught 
at the idea2 in a moment ,i was on all  
fours1 with my head as near the earth as
 ,i could keep it1 and commenced cutting
 all the capers of which ,i was capable4
 ,the jackals1 who no doubt had never   
seen so strange an animal1 first        
stopped1 then retreated1 and1 as ,i drew
 near the tent1 flew in all directions4 
,the men awoke just in time to see my   
danger1 and have a hearty laugh at me   
and the jackals4  ,our old friend was   
more fortunate than a certain youth who 
attempted to rob an orchard by deluding 
a fierce bulldog with this approach     
posteriori1 but who1 to his sorrow1     
found the dog too knowing1 for he       
carried to his dying day the marks of   

the guardian's teeth in that spot where 
honor has its seat4  ,the same          
quartermaster told us a quaint story of 
a fright another of the crew received   
from these jackals4  ,while at ,san     
,francisco the ship's crew were laying  
in a store of provisions2 a large tent  
was erected on shore for salting the    
meat2 the cooper lived in it1 and hung  
up his hammock at one end4 ,the beef    
which had been killed during the day was
 also hung up all around1 in readiness  
for salting4 ,one night a large pack of 
jackals came down from the woods1 and   
being attracted by the smell of the     
meat1 soon got into the tent1 and       
pulling at one of the sides of beef1    
brought it down with a crash1 which woke
 the old cooper1 who was a remarkably   
stout1 and rather nervous man4 ,finding 
himself thus surrounded in the dead of  
the night by wild beasts1 whose forms   
and size1 dimly seen1 were magnified by 
his fears1 he fired off his musket1 and 
clasping his arms1 in an agony of       

terror1 round a quarter of beef which   
hung close to his hammock1 was found    
perfectly senseless by an officer who   
came to see the cause of the alarm4     
,some difficulty was experienced in     
getting him to relinquish his hold of   
the beef--which he stuck to like a      
,briton--and it was several days before 
his nerves recovered from the shock of  
the fright4  ,the wolf and the jackal   
tribes are by no means without their use
 in the economy of nature1 though from  
their predatory habits they are justly  
regarded as pests in the countries they 
infest3 that they will disturb the dead 
and rifle the graves is true1 but they  
also clear away offal1 and with         
vultures1 are the scavengers of hot     
countries2 they follow on the track of  
herds1 and put a speedy end to the weak1
 the wounded1 and the dying2 they are   
the most useful1 though most disgusting 
of camp followers1 and after a battle1  
when thousands of corpses of men and    
horses are collected within a limited   

space1 they are of essential service--  
,i stood in a swampy-field of battle1   
,with bones and skulls ,i made a rattle 
,to frighten the wolf and carrion crow  
,and the homeless dog--but they would   
not go2     ,so off ,i flew--for how    
could ,i bear     ,to see them gorge    
their dainty fare4                      
,,coleridge4  ,revolting and            
heart-sickening though such scenes may  
be1 the evil is less than would result  
from the undisturbed decay of the dead3 
were that to take place1 the air would  
hang heavy with pestilence1 and the     
winds of heaven laden with noisome      
exhalations would carry death and       
desolation far and near1 rendering still
 more terrible the horrors and          
calamities of war4  ,,footnotes3  #a    
,fauna ,boreali ,americana1 p4 #fb4  #b 
,holland's ,plinie's ,naturall          
,historie1 ed4 #afce  #c ,edit1 ,edin4  
#aeda1 quoted from ,magazine of ,natural
 ,history4  #d ,private ,journal of     
,captain ,g4 ,f4 ,lyon1 #ahbd4  #e      

,private ,journal of ,captain ,g4 ,f4   
,lyon1 #ahbd4     ,a ,,specimen ,,of    
,,russian ,,justice4   ,among the       
,french prisoners taken at the battle of
 ,vitebsk1 during ,napoleon's disastrous
 retreat in ,prussia1 was a ,french     
general1 who was accompanied by3 his    
wife and daughter4 ,being badly wounded1
 he was removed to the military         
hospital1 but the ladies were received  
into the private house of ,madame       
,strognof1 whose husband held1 at that  
time1 a subordinate appointment under   
the ,russian ,government4  ,a certain   
,botwinko was then procureur at         
,vitebsk4 ,without the procureur's      
sanction nothing can be done in his     
department2 for he represents the       
emperor himself1 and is usually called  
the eye of ,his ,majesty4 ,his salary is
 only about twenty-five pounds a year2  
but he makes1 usually1 a good income by 
receiving bribes4 ,among other duties1  
he had to visit the hospitals daily1 and
 to report upon the condition of the    

prisoner patients4 ,he paid great       
attention to the unhappy general1 who   
required every consolation2 for1 despite
 his own deplorable condition1 it was   
decreed that he should outlive his wife4
 ,that lady caught a contagious fever1  
which was raging at that time at        
,vitebsk1 and died in a few hours4 ,this
 event so distressed the general that he
 soon departed this world1 with the only
 consolation1 that ,procureur ,botwinko1
 a married but childless man1 would     
adopt his daughter4 ,this promise was   
actually fulfilled1 and the little      
orphan was taken from ,madame ,strognof1
 and established under the procureur's  
roof4 ,her parents' property1 consisting
 of a carriage1 horses1 jewelry1 and no 
small sum of ready money1 was also taken
 possession of by ,botwinko in quality  
of guardian to the little orphan4  ,as  
the girl1 whom they called ,sophie1 grew
 up1 she became very engaging1 and was  
kindly treated by ,mr4 and ,madame      
,botwinko4 ,she never lost an           

opportunity1 when any visitors were in  
the procureur's house1 of praising her  
protectors for their kindness to her2   
and this1 connected with other          
circumstances1 contributed to the       
promotion of ,mr4 ,botwinko1 who        
obtained the more profitable situation  
of procureur-general at ,vilna1 the     
capital of ,lithuania4  ,removal from   
their old connections1 and from those   
who knew all the circumstances of little
 ,sophie's history1 produced a change in
 the treatment of the new               
procureur-general and his wife toward   
the child4 ,their kindness rapidly      
diminished4 ,sophie was not allowed to  
appear in the drawing-rooms1 in their   
new residence at ,vilna4 ,they          
incessantly found fault with her2 and1  
ultimately1 she was not only sent to the
 kitchen under the control of the cook1 
but1 on the census of the population    
being taken1 in #ahaf1 her name was     
inscribed on the books as that of a     
serf4  ,as the poor girl grew up she    

became used to the duties imposed upon  
her4 ,associating constantly with the   
servants1 they considered her their     
equal1 and taunted her when1 relying on 
her infantine recollections1 she laid   
claim to noble descent1 by calling her  
in derision ,mademoiselle ,french       
,general4 ,she knew full well that she  
was entitled to better treatment1 and   
that1 in the absence of paternal        
authority1 she had the right of         
disposing of herself according to her   
own will4 ,a strong inducement to alter 
her condition was presented in the      
person of a young clerk in a government 
office1 whose duty sometimes brought him
 with papers to the procureur for       
signature4 ,while ,botwinko was engaged 
with his breakfast and the perusal of   
the papers1 this clerk was sometimes    
kept dangling for hours in the          
ante-chamber4 ,after a time1 these hours
 were agreeably spent in the society of 
,sophie1 to whom he eventually made a   
proposal of marriage4 ,she consented1   

but1 unwilling to leave her guardian    
like a fugitive1 she apprised him of her
 determination1 and humbly requested an 
account of the property which she had   
been informed he had taken charge of at 
her parents' death4  ,the               
procureur-general at first excused      
himself from giving her an immediate    
answer4 ,the next day he presented      
himself at the police office1 the whole 
of whose functionaries were under his   
control4 ,what he said or did is not    
known1 but the result was that ,sophie  
was taken into custody by the police1   
and committed to jail4  ,many months    
elapsed before her fate was known at    
home4 ,it was stated that she absconded4
 ,the clerk1 banished the procureur's   
house1 could not discover the cause of  
the girl's disappearance2 and as all    
,russian criminal proceedings are       
conducted with great secrecy1 he only   
ascertained by a mere accident that the 
girl had been sentenced1 by a superior  
court1 to receive a certain number of   

lashes by the knout1 and to be sent to  
,siberia4 ,the crime of which they      
accused her was that of attempting to   
poison her master and mistress4         
,alarmed at this information1 the young 
man1 without waiting for more           
particulars1 addressed a petition to the
 war governor of ,vilna--the old        
,general ,korsakof--whose power in that 
province was almost omnipotent1 and1 if 
not misdirected1 was very often         
beneficial to the inhabitants4 ,the     
petitioner requested the general's      
interference1 and an investigation of   
the case1 assuring him that the girl was
 innocent1 and that the legal           
authorities who condemned her had been  
corrupted4  ,the general was accustomed 
to decide every case en militaire4 ,he  
had received from the police court an   
unfavorable opinion of the petitioner's 
character1 which was described as       
restless2 and was1 moreover1 rather     
offended at his authority having been   
appealed to by a subordinate4 ,he       

therefore settled the business          
summarily1 by sending the young         
petitioner to the military service for  
life1 in virtue of the vagrant act4     
,still the young man's petition produced
 a good effect3 the poor girl was not   
flogged1 lest that might have provoked  
some disturbance in the town4 ,she was  
merely dressed in convict's apparel1 and
 sent off to ,siberia4  ,the transport  
of ,russian convicts costs the          
government but very little4 ,they go on 
foot1 sleep in tapes or barracks1 and   
the daily allowance for their           
subsistence amounts only to five        
kopecks--equal to a halfpenny in        
,english money4 ,this they1 as well as  
the poor old soldiers who escort them1  
have to eke out by charity4 ,for that   
purpose1 the most attractive person     
among each party of exiles is           
delegated--box in hand1 but with an     
armed soldier behind--to beg alms of the
 benevolent2 and ,sophie was appointed  
to be the suppliant for the rest of her 

wretched companions4  ,the road from    
,vilna to ,siberia passes through       
,vitebsk4 ,the convicts had not been    
long in the town before ,sophie         
encountered ,madame ,strognof1 who      
recognized the girl from her very great 
likeness to her mother1 who had died in 
that lady's house4 ,when she learned    
that ,sophie had been living with the   
,botwinkos1 she had no longer a doubt4  
,the girl asserted her innocence of the 
pretended crime for which she was on her
 way to ,siberia1 with tearful energy1  
and the good ,madame ,s4 believed her2  
but her husband1 who was at that time   
the ,vice-,governor of ,vitebsk1 to     
disabuse his wife's romantic dreams1 as 
he called them1 sent for the officer    
escorting the prisoners1 and showed her 
the list of prisoners1 which contained a
 full record1 not only of the crime     
imputed to the orphan girl1 but also of 
the punishment to which she had been    
condemned4  ,in the face of an official 
document which appeared to be regular1  

and which detailed the girl's presumed  
offense with circumstantial consistency1
 ,madame ,strognof began to waver in her
 belief of ,sophie's protestations2 but 
the unfortunate girl asserted her       
innocence so strongly and incessantly1  
that the vice-governor himself was at   
length induced to look into the facts4  
,the first suspicion that entered his   
mind was derived from the circumstance  
of the document stating that the culprit
 had been punished with the knout1 while
 it was evident from her appearance1    
that that dreadful torture had not been 
inflicted4 ,he caused a medical man to  
examine her1 who testified that not a   
scar appeared2 yet the knout always     
leaves ineffaceable traces for life4    
,in consequence of this discrepancy1    
,sophie was allowed to remain for some  
time at ,vitebsk under the plea of      
illness2 which1 at the request of the   
vice-governor1 was readily certified by 
an official surgeon4 ,after some delay1 
a memorial was forwarded by the         

unfortunate sufferer to the late        
,emperor ,alexander1 in consequence of  
which a court-messenger was sent        
immediately to ,vilna4 ,this gentleman  
brought back to ,st4 ,petersburgh an    
enormous volume1 containing the         
so-called depositions1 taken at the     
pseudo trial4 ,after careful inspection 
of them1 the emperor decided that they  
proved the legality of the proceedings4 
,so artfully were these infamous        
depositions framed2 that1 among them1   
appeared the formula of a chemical      
analysis of the poison which the girl   
was accused of administering1 and a full
 confession2 to which the culprit's     
signature was forged4  ,the answer1     
therefore1 from the throne was not only 
unfavorable2 but the authorities of     
,vitebsk were reprimanded for allowing  
the girl to importune his majesty       
without sufficient grounds4             
,notwithstanding1 ,madame ,strognof was 
not discouraged2 and1 to the great alarm
 of her husband1 had another petition   

drawn up and forwarded with a suitable  
memorial to the ,princess ,maria        
,fedorowna1 the emperor's mother1 who   
was known to all the country as a pious 
and charitable lady4 ,this petition1    
presented to his majesty by his own     
mother1 had so great an influence over  
him1 that he ordered the girl to be     
brought to ,st4 ,petersburgh4 ,he felt  
convinced that some unaccountable       
mystery was involved in the case4  ,in  
due time ,sophie arrived at ,st4        
,petersburgh1 and underwent a rigid     
examination4 ,she asseverated with the  
most earnest truthfulness1 that all the 
depositions were fictitious2 that the   
chemical analysis was a wicked          
invention2 and that the signature to her
 fabricated confession was a forgery4   
,she also denied that any trial had     
taken place1 or that she had been       
examined in any court whatever4 ,upon   
this1 the emperor appointed ,mr4        
,getzewicz1 the ,governor of ,minsk--who
 was known as a most trust-worthy       

man--to go personally to ,vilna2 to     
investigate the case2 and to report the 
result4 ,for this purpose the papers and
 the girl were forwarded back to ,vilna4
  ,the mission of ,mr4 ,getzewicz was by
 no means an easy or a pleasant one3 he 
had to contend with a swarm of official 
insects2 which1 like ,canadian          
musquitoes when disturbed1 attack the   
new comer from every side4 ,however1    
,mr4 ,getzewicz stood his ground firmly4
 ,he soon discovered that the secretary 
of the police court who had drawn up the
 depositions was a convict1 sentenced   
for life to ,siberia for having been    
associated with highway robbers4 ,he had
 escaped and was retained in his        
situation by merely changing his        
,christian name1 and by being reported  
dead by ,mr4 ,botwinko4 ,the components 
of the rest of the court were no less   
suspicious4 ,in ,russia1 the police and 
sheriff's courts1 and even the          
provincial senate itself1 are the       
asylums for military veterans2 who1     

during their long service1 had never    
been trained up to the law4 ,the        
secretaries draw documents for them1    
which they sign--very often without     
reading2 that task being tiresome1 and  
often incomprehensible to them4  ,the   
court which had promoted and confirmed  
,sophie's prosecution1 consisted of     
illiterate1 worn-out officers1 who had  
no scruple in committing the            
procureur-general's victim for trial to 
the ,first ,criminal ,court 7,sond      
,grodoski74  ,but how was the deception 
carried on before the higher tribunals8 
,this would puzzle the most ingenious   
rascality to guess4 ,but ,botwinko was a
 genius in his way3 he actually brought 
before that court1 as well as before the
 highest criminal tribunal1 another     
young woman2 who represented herself to 
be the girl in question1 and confessed  
her supposed guilt with all the desired 
particulars4 ,the extraordinary intrigue
 was the more easily accomplished from  
the secrecy with which criminal         

investigations in ,russia are conducted4
 ,whenever the culprit acknowledges his 
crime1 the sentence follows without     
further inquiry2 and1 the jail being    
under the control of the police-office1 
and the judges of the criminal courts   
not knowing the prisoners personally1   
they were obliged to receive in this    
instance the confessions of any girl    
whom the police thought proper to send  
to them4  ,when the trial was over1 the 
procureur paid his hireling well1       
dismissed her1 and drew forth his victim
 from her cell2 substituted her for the 
wretch who had stood at the bar1 and    
sent her to ,siberia4 ,villainy1        
however1 be it ever so cunning1 seldom  
half does its work of deception4 ,if    
,botwinko had had the whole sentence    
carried into effect1 and poor ,sophie   
knouted1 he would not1 perhaps1 have    
been discovered by his colleague at     
,vitebsk2 and he might have lived a     
respected public officer to this day2   
for of such characters does the ,russian

 system admit the prosperous existence4 
,as it was1 however1 on the report of   
,mr4 ,getzewicz1 ,botwinko1 the         
secretary of police1 and many of his    
superiors1 were thrown into prison4     
,the end of this dreadful story is      
melancholy2 for in the end guilt        
triumphed4 ,the procureur-general1      
having several partners in his guilty   
practices1 had1 if one may so abuse the 
expression1 many friends4 ,at first they
 tried most ingeniously to bribe ,mr4   
,getzewicz1 and to induce him to give up
 further proceedings2 but1 finding him  
inflexible1 they put a stop to all that 
business by administering poison to the 
unfortunate ,sophie4 ,they even         
threatened the ,governor of ,minsk      
himself1 in an anonymous letter1 to do  
the same for him4  ,that threat1 it     
seems1 produced the desired effect on   
the honest but weak-minded man4 ,seeing 
with what desperate people he had to    
contend--so much so1 that his own life  
was in danger--he sent his final report 

to the 7at that time7 lingering ,emperor
 ,alexander1 with request for further   
instructions4 ,in the mean time he      
retired to his own residence at ,minsk1 
leaving the illustrious ,vilna officials
 in their own prison4  ,shortly         
afterward1 the emperor died at          
,taganrog4 ,his second brother1 the     
present emperor1 ,nicholas ,i4--greeted1
 on his accession to the throne1 with a 
formidable insurrection at ,st          
,petersburgh1 and with alarming         
conspiracies and political intrigues in 
the army--had no time to direct his     
attention to so trifling an affair as   
that of our heroine4 ,political         
prisoners were to be punished first1 in 
order to spread terror among those who  
were not discovered as yet4 ,the        
stability of the throne would not allow 
him to alarm the administrative servants
 and other criminals who never thought  
of subverting ,romanoff's dynasty4      
,hence1 with the exception of the       
political offenders1 all others1 whose  

actions were pending in different courts
 of justice1 but not yet adjudicated1   
were amnestied by the emperor1 on the   
occasion of his coronation1 in #ahbf1 at
 ,moscow4  ,thus1 the procureur and his 
associates were released from prison1   
losing nothing but their former         
situations4 ,the procureur1 having      
scraped together a fortune by his bribes
 and graspings1 did not care much at    
becoming an independent gentleman4      
,what became of ,sophie's lover--the    
unfortunate clerk1 who was sent to the  
army1 for his honest but untimely       
application--could not be learned4 ,he  
may now think that his punishment was   
deserved1 and that the girl was really  
guilty2 but it is more than probable    
that he will never again interfere to   
restrain the grossest injustice4  ,and  
here ends our melancholy tale1 which the
 censorship of the press in ,russia     
prevented from ever before being        
publicly related4 ,corroboration can1   
however1 be derived from the inhabitants

 of ,vilna1 who lived there from #ahaf  
to #ahbf2 from the archives of criminal 
courts of that place1 where ,m4         
,getzewicz's correspondence is          
preserved2 from the list of all the     
crown servants of ,russia1 sent every   
year to the ,state ,secretary of the    
,home ,department at ,st4 ,petersburgh2 
in which1 for #ahbe and #ahbf1          
,procureur ,botwinko was reported to be 
imprisoned at ,vilna for the above case1
 and that the ,strapchy of ,oszmiana was
 acting in his stead as procureur pro   
tem4     ,,napoleon ,,and ,,the         
,,pope4--,a ,,scene ,,at                
,,fontainebleau4   ,in the autumn of    
#ahjd1 the court was at ,fontainebleau4 
,the ,consulate had but recently merged 
in the ,empire1 with the consent of all 
the orders of the state4 ,the senate by 
a decree had declared the ,first ,consul
 to be ,emperor of the ,french2 and the 
people1 to whom the question of         
succession had been deferred1 had1 by a 
majority of three millions to three     

thousand1 decided that the imperial     
dignity should be hereditary in his     
family4 ,history1 as ,alison observes   
when recording the fact1 affords no     
instance of a nation having so          
unanimously taken refuge from the ills  
of agitation and anarchy under the cold 
shade of despotism4  ,a new order of    
things having commenced1 all1 as may    
easily be imagined1 was in a state of   
transformation and change in the        
composition of the court1 as well as in 
the arrangement of the imperial         
household4 ,under the republican rgime1 
a great degree of simplicity had        
prevailed in the appointments of the    
various departments of the state1 as    
well as in the domestic economy of      
family circles3 it could not1 however1  
be called unpretending2 there was a     
certain affectation in it1 evidently    
assumed with a view to contrast1 even in
 minute particulars1 the system of the  
republic with that of the old           
monarchy--the plainness of the one with 

the profuseness of the other4 ,but this 
was not fated to last long3 it had      
already been giving way under the       
,consulate1 and was now disappearing    
altogether in accordance with the views 
of the new monarch4 ,titles and         
dignities were to be restored2 court    
formalities and ceremonials were being  
revived1 and new ones instituted4 ,the  
old nobility1 sprung from the feudal    
system1 and dating1 as some of them did1
 from the ,crusades1 having been swept  
away by the revolutionary storm1 their  
places were to be supplied1 as          
supporters of the throne1 by a new race 
of men4 ,during this period of          
transition and change1 the movement at  
the chteau was unceasing4 ,arrivals and 
departures were taking place almost     
every hour1 to which very different     
degrees of importance were attached4    
,one arrival1 however1 was spoken of as 
having a more than ordinary interest3 it
 was that of the dignitary who1 as it   
was then understood1 was to place the   

imperial crown on the brow of the new   
sovereign4 ,to recall1 observes ,alison1
 as ,napoleon was anxious to do on every
 occasion1 the memory of ,charlemagne1  
the first ,french ,emperor of the ,west1
 the ,pope had been invited1 with an    
urgency which it would not have been    
prudent to resist1 to be present at the 
consecration1 and had accordingly       
crossed the ,alps for the purpose4      
,whatever may have been the views which 
originally prompted the                 
invitation--whether it was to play a    
mere secondary part in a court pageant1 
or a leading one1 as the public at first
 supposed--or whether all such notions  
were swept away by some new deluge of   
ideas1 as ,chteaubriand somewhere       
says--,it is now pretty clear that the  
presence of the pontiff at the ceremony 
was a minor consideration1 and that the 
real motive was that which came out in  
their interview1 as will appear in the  
sequel4 ,be this as it may1 it was      
evident to all that the emperor awaited 

his coming with impatience2 and when his
 approach was announced--though         
preparations had been carefully made for
 their first meeting--the arrangements  
were such as to give it the air of an   
imprvu4 ,it was on the road some        
distance from ,fontainebleau that the   
emperor met the ,pope3 the potentate    
alighted from his horse1 the pontiff    
from his traveling chaise1 and a coach  
being at hand1 as if accidentally1 they 
ascended its steps at the same moment   
from opposite sides1 so that precedence 
was neither taken nor given4 ,how       
,italian the artifice6  ,they had not   
ridden long together when ,bonaparte1   
quitting the coach1 got on horseback1   
and returned to the chteau at a gallop1 
and with scarcely an attendant4 ,the    
drum beat to arms1 the guard turned out1
 but before they had time to fall in and
 salute1 he had alighted1 and was       
mounting the steps of the vestibule4    
,it was always so with him2 he gave such
 vivacity to all his movements1 such    

energy to all his actions1 that speed   
seemed a necessary condition of his     
existence4 ,still so natural was it to  
him1 that it did not wear the semblance 
of hurry4 ,scarcely had the beat of the 
drum been heard at the gate1 before the 
clatter of his heels resounded in the   
hall1 as the flash of a cannon precedes 
the report4  ,this time1 however1 he    
seemed fitful and even agitated4 ,on    
entering the saloon1 he paced it like   
one who waited with impatience4 ,having 
taken a few turns from one end to the   
other1 he moved to a window1 and began  
beating a march with his fingers on the 
window-frame4 ,the rolling of a carriage
 was heard in the court1 he ceased to   
beat1 and after a short pause stamped on
 the floor1 as if impatient at seeing   
something done too slowly2 then stepping
 hastily to the door1 opened it--it was 
for the ,pope4  ,pius ,,vii4 entered    
alone2 ,bonaparte closed the door after 
him4 ,the ,pope was tall1 but stooped   
somewhat2 his countenance1 elongated and

 sallow1 wore an expression of          
suffering1 which seemed to have been    
induced upon a habitual tone of         
elevation and courtesy4 ,his eyes were  
black and large1 and on his lips1 which 
were slightly opened1 played a smile    
indicative at once of urbanity and      
benevolence4 ,he wore on his head a     
white calotte or headpiece1 partially   
covering his hair1 which was naturally  
black1 but now blended with some silver 
locks2 on his shoulders he had a camail1
 or cape of red velvet1 and his long    
robe reached to his feet4 ,those who    
have seen his portrait by ,lawrence1    
though taken ten or eleven years later1 
will recognize at once the correctness  
of this description4 ,as he entered the 
room he moved slowly1 with a calm and   
measured step like that of an aged      
female2 and having taken his seat in an 
arm-chair1 he turned his eyes toward the
 floor1 and seemed to wait for what the 
other ,italian was going to say4        
,bonaparte1 as all know1 was short in   

stature1 being below the middle height2 
but in all other respects he was1 at the
 period here referred to1 very different
 in personal appearance from what he    
became subsequently4 ,far from having   
that fullness which approached to       
corpulence--that sallow puffiness of    
cheek which verged on the unhealthy--or 
that heaviness of limb1 or general      
obesity1 which threatened infirmity--he 
was slender in frame1 but firm and      
well-proportioned2 yet there was        
something which indicated premature     
wear1 by hardship in the field and toil 
in the cabinet2 he was quick and nervous
 in every movement1 rapid and almost    
convulsive in his gestures when excited4
 ,still he could be at any time graceful
 in attitude1 and elegant in manner4    
,even then he stooped a little1 so that 
his shoulders inclined forward1 which   
gave something of flatness to his chest4
 ,his face was thin and elongated2 but  
what a forehead6 ,what eyes6 ,what      
beauty in the contour of his            

intellectual visage6 ,in repose1 its    
habitual expression was reflective and  
concentrated1 with a strong tinge of    
melancholy4  ,bonaparte ceased not to   
pace the room after the ,pope had       
entered4 ,after a while1 altering his   
curve somewhat1 and having taken a turn 
round the chair1 as if making a         
reconnaissance1 he stopped short1 and   
resumed the thread of the conversation  
which had been commenced in the         
carriage1 and abruptly broken off4  ,i  
repeat1 holy father1 ,i am not an esprit
 fort1 nor do ,i like word-spinners or  
idea-mongers4 ,i assure you1 that in    
spite of my old republicans ,i will go  
to mass4  ,these words he tossed off    
toward the ,pope1 as if he were giving  
him a dash of the incense-box2 then     
paused to observe their effect4 ,he     
seemed to imagine that1 after the       
impieties of the republican rgime1 such 
an avowal ought to produce a decided    
effect4  ,pius1 however1 remained       
unmoved2 he continued as before to look 

steadily downward1 and pressing firmly  
with his hands the eagle-heads that     
tipped the arms of his chair1 seemed1 in
 thus assuming the fixity of a statue1  
to say1 ,i must submit to listen to all 
the profane things which it may please  
him to say to me4  ,seeing this1        
,bonaparte took a turn round the room1  
and another round the chair1 which stood
 in the middle of it1 appearing but     
little satisfied with his adversary1 and
 still less with himself for the tone of
 levity with which he had resumed the   
conversation4 ,he at once changed his   
manner1 and began to speak more         
composedly1 still continuing to pace the
 room4 ,as he passed to and fro1 he     
glanced at the mirrors which ornamented 
the walls1 and reflected the grave      
visage of the pontiff1 eying him now and
 then in profile1 never in front1 to    
avoid appearing anxious as to the       
impression his words may make4  ,one    
thing ,i must say1 holy father1 hangs   
heavily upon me3 it is that you seem to 

consent to the coronation by constraint1
 as you did formerly to the concordat4  
,as you sit there before me1 you have   
the air of a martyr1 and assume an      
attitude of resignation1 as if you were 
making an offering of your sorrows up to
 ,heaven4 ,but surely you are not a     
prisoner2 such is not your position in  
any sense3 grand ,dieu6 you are free as 
air4  ,pius smiled1 and looked him full 
in the face4 ,he seemed to feel how     
enormous was the exigence of that       
despotic character1 which requires--and 
all such natures do the like--not only  
obedience1 but submission1 absolute     
submission1 and that1 too1 wearing the  
air of devotion to their will4  ,yes1   
continued ,bonaparte with increasing    
energy1 you are free1 perfectly free3   
you may return to ,rome2 the road is    
open to you2 no one detains you4  ,pius 
sighed1 slightly raised his right hand1 
and looked upward without uttering a    
word2 then slowly inclining his head    
downward1 seemed to look attentively at 

a golden cross which hung from his neck4
 ,bonaparte continued speaking1 but his 
steps became slow1 and at the same time 
he gave a marked degree of mildness to  
his tone1 and of courtesy to his        
expression4  ,holy father1 said he1 if  
the gravity of your character did not   
forbid me1 ,i would say that you are    
somewhat ungrateful4 ,you do not seem to
 retain a sufficient recollection of the
 services which ,france has rendered to 
you4 ,if ,i am not much mistaken the    
conclave of ,venice1 which elected you1 
appeared to have taken its inspiration  
from my ,italian campaign1 and from some
 words which ,i let fall with regard to 
you4 ,it can not be said that ,austria  
behaved well to you2 far from it2 and ,i
 was really sorry for it4 ,if my memory 
does not deceive me1 you were obliged to
 return to ,rome by sea1 as you could   
not have ventured to cross the ,austrian
 territories4  ,he stopped short1 as if 
waiting for a reply from his silent     
guest4 ,pius1 however1 but slightly     

inclined his head1 and then sunk back   
into a sort of apathy1 which seemed     
inconsistent with even listening2 while 
,bonaparte1 putting his foot on the rim 
of a stool1 pushed it near the ,pope's  
chair1 and thus continued1 ,it was1 in  
good truth1 as a ,catholic that such an 
incident gave me pain2 for though ,i    
have never had time to study theology1  
,i have great confidence in the power of
 the church3 it has a prodigious        
vitality4 ,voltaire did it some damage  
in his time1 but ,i shall let loose upon
 him some unfrocked ,oratorians3 you'll 
be pleased1 if ,i mistake not1 at the   
result4 ,now see1 you and ,i may do many
 things in common by-and-by1 if you wish
 it4 ,then with an air at once juvenile 
and careless1 he continued1 ,for my part
 ,i do not see--,i am weary of          
conjecturing--what objection you can    
have to establish your see in ,paris1 as
 it formerly was in ,avignon4 ,i will   
cede to you the palace of the           
,tuilleries3 ,i seldom occupy it4 ,you  

will find there your apartments prepared
 for you1 as at ,monte ,cavallo4 ,do you
 not see1 padre1 that ,paris is the real
 capital of the world8 ,as for me1 ,i   
shall do whatever you desire4 ,you will 
find in me more docility than people    
give me credit for4 ,provided that war  
and politics1 with their fatigues1 be   
left to me1 you may settle the church as
 you please3 ,i shall be a soldier at   
your orders4 ,do but consider what      
effect it would have1 and how brilliant 
it would be1 were we to hold our        
councils as ,constantine and            
,charlemagne did in their time6 ,i      
should merely open and close them1      
leaving the keys of the world in your   
hands4 ,as with the sword ,i came1 the  
sword ,i should retain1 and with it the 
privilege of bringing it back for your  
benediction after every victory achieved
 by our arms4 ,and saying these words he
 slightly bowed4  ,pius1 who up to that 
moment had remained motionless as a     
statue1 slowly raised his head1 smiled  

pensively1 and drawing a deep sigh1     
breathed out one by one the syllables of
 the word1 ,com-me-di-an-te6  ,the word 
was scarcely half out1 when ,bonaparte  
made a bound on the floor like a wounded
 leopard4 ,a towering passion seized    
him2 he became yellow with ire4 ,he bit 
his lips almost to bleeding as he strode
 to the end of the room4 ,he no longer  
paced round in circles2 he went straight
 from end to end without uttering a     
word1 stamping with his feet as he swept
 along1 and making the room resound as  
he struck the floor with his spurred    
heels4 ,every thing around him seemed to
 vibrate2 the very curtains waved like  
trees in a storm4 ,at length the pent-up
 rage found vent1 and burst forth like a
 bombshell which explodes1 ,comedian1   
say you8 ,ah1 ha6 ,i am he that will    
play you comedies to make you weep like 
women and children4 ,comedian1 indeed6  
,but you are greatly mistaken if you    
think you can play off on me1 with      
impunity1 your cool-blooded insolence4  

,comedian6 ,where is my theatre1 pray1  
and what8 ',tis the world1 and the part 
which ,i play is that of master and     
author2 while for actors ,i have the    
whole of you--popes1 kings1 and people2 
and the cord by which ,i move you all   
is--fear6 ,comedian1 say you8 ,but he   
who would dare to hiss me or applaud    
should be made of different stuff from  
you1 ,signor ,chiaramonti6 ,know you not
 well that you would still be merely a  
poor cur but for me1 and that if ,i did 
not wear a serious air when ,i salute   
you1 ,france would laugh and scorn      
yourself and your tiara8 ,three or four 
years ago1 who would pronounce aloud the
 name of the founder of your system8    
,pray1 then1 who would have spoken of   
the pope8 ,comedian1 eh6 ,sire1 ye take 
footing rather quickly among us4 ,and   
so1 forsooth1 you are in ill-humor with 
me because ,i am not dolt enough to sign
 away the liberties of the ,gallican    
church1 as ,louis ,,xiv4 did4 ,but ,i am
 not to be duped in that fashion4 ,in my

 grasp ,i hold you2 by a nod ,i make you
 flit from north to south1 from east to 
west1 like so many puppets4 ,and now1   
when it suits me to make-believe that ,i
 count you for something1 merely because
 you represent an antiquated idea which 
,i wish to revive1 you have not the wit 
to see my drift1 or affect not to       
perceive it4 ,seeing1 then1 that ,i must
 speak out my whole mind1 and put the   
matter just under your nose1 in order   
that you may see it--more particularly  
as you seem to think yourself           
indispensable to me1 and lift up your   
head in consequence1 as you drape       
yourself in your old dame's robe--,i'll 
have you to know that such airs do not  
in the least impose on me2 and if you   
persist in that course1 ,i'll deal with 
your robe as ,charles ,,xii4 did with   
that of the grand vizier--,i'll rend it 
for you with a dash of my spur6  ,he    
ceased4 ,throughout this tirade ,pius   
maintained the same immobility of       
attitude1 the same calm on his visage4  

,at its close1 however1 he just looked  
up1 smiled with something of bitterness1
 and sighed as he slowly articulated the
 word1 ,tra-je-di-an-te6  ,bonaparte at 
that moment was at the further end of   
the room1 leaning on the chimney-piece4 
,suddenly starting at the word1 and     
turning round1 his whole person seemed  
to dilate1 and his features to expand as
 passion rose within him4 ,his look     
became fixed1 and his eyes flared2 then 
with the swiftness of an arrow he rushed
 toward the old man1 as if with some    
fell purpose4 ,but he stopped short1    
snatched from the table a porcelain     
vase1 dashed it to pieces against the   
andirons1 and stamped on its fragments  
as they flew along the floor6 ,then     
pausing for an instant1 as if to catch  
breath1 he flung himself on a seat in   
utter exhaustion4 ,it would be difficult
 to say which was the more awful--his   
sudden outburst of rage1 or his         
immobility and silence after it4  ,in   
some minutes the storm seemed gradually 

to subside1 and a calm to succeed4 ,his 
look and bearing changed2 something of  
depression seemed to steal over him2 his
 voice became deep and melancholy1 and  
the first syllables which he uttered    
showed this ,proteus recalled to        
himself1 and tamed by two words4        
,hapless existence6 he exclaimed2 then  
pausing1 seemed to muse1 and after a    
while continued1 'tis but too true2     
comedian or tragedian1 all for me is an 
affair of acting and costume2 so it has 
been hitherto1 and such it is likely to 
continue4 ,how fatiguing and how petty  
it is to pose--always to pose1 in       
profile for this party1 in full face for
 that1 according to their notions6 ,to  
guess at the imaginings of drivelers1   
and seem to be what they think one ought
 to be4 ,to study how to place them     
between hope and fear--dazzle them with 
the prestige of names and distances1 of 
dates and bulletins--be the master of   
all1 and not know what to do with them2 
and after all this to be as weary as ,i 

am--'tis too bad6 ,the moment ,i sit    
down--he crossed his legs1 and leaned   
back in his chair--ennui seizes me4 ,to 
be obliged to hunt for three days in    
yonder forest would throw me into a     
mortal languor4 ,activity is to me a    
necessity2 ,i must keep moving myself1  
and make others move1 but ,i'll be      
hanged if ,i know whither4 ,you see1    
then1 ,i disclose my inmost thoughts to 
you4 ,plans ,i have1 enough and to      
spare1 for the lives of a score of      
emperors4 ,i make one every morning1 and
 another every evening2 my imagination  
wearies not2 but before some three or   
four of my plans could be carried out1  
,i should be used up body and mind3 our 
little lamp of life burns not long      
before it begins to flicker4 ,and now1  
to speak with entire frankness1 am ,i   
sure that the world would be happier    
even if all my plans were put in        
execution8 ,it would certainly be a     
somewhat finer thing than it is1 for a  
magnificent uniformity would reign      

throughout it4 ,i am not a philosopher2 
and in the affair of common sense1 ,i am
 bound to own that the ,florentine      
secretary was a master to us all4 ,i am 
no proficient in theories3 with me      
reflection precedes decision1 and       
execution instantly follows3 the        
shortness of life forbids us to stand   
still4 ,when ,i shall have passed away1 
there will be comments enough on my     
actions to exalt me if ,i succeed1 to   
disparage me if ,i fail4 ,paradoxes are 
already rife--they are never wanting in 
,france--but ,i shall still them to     
silence while ,i live2 and when ,i am   
gone--no matter4 ,my object is to       
succeed2 for that ,i have some capacity4
 ,my ,iliad ,i compose in action2 every 
day adds an episode4  ,as he spoke these
 latter words he rose from his seat with
 a light elastic movement1 and seemed   
altogether another person4 ,when        
relieved from the turmoil of passion1 he
 became gay1 cheerful1 and at the same  
time unaffected and natural4 ,he made no

 effort to pose1 nor did he seek to     
exalt and idealize himself1 as he did   
afterward in the conversations at ,st4  
,helena1 to meet some philosophic       
conception1 or to fill up the portrait  
of himself which he desired to bequeath 
to posterity4 ,he was far from any thing
 of this sort3 in simple reality1 he was
 himself1 as it were1 turned inside out4
 ,after a slight pause he advanced a    
step or two toward the ,pope1 who had   
not moved1 and smiling1 with an         
expression half-serious1 half-ironical1 
proceeded in a new vein1 in which were  
blended something of the elevated and   
the petty1 of the pompous and the       
trivial1 as was often his usage--all the
 time speaking with the volubility so   
often exhibited by this most versatile  
genius4  ,birth is every thing3 those   
who appear on this world's stage poor   
and friendless1 have a desperate        
struggle to maintain4 ,according to the 
quality of their minds they turn to     
action or to self-destruction4 ,when    

they have resolution to set to work1 as 
,i have done1 they often play the       
winning game4 ,a man must live2 he must 
conquer a position1 and make for himself
 an abiding-place4 ,i have made mine as 
a cannon-ball does2 so much the worse   
for those who stood in my way4 ,some are
 content with little1 others never have 
enough3 men eat according to their      
appetites1 and ,i have a large one4     
,mark me1 when ,i was at ,toulon1 ,i had
 not the price of a pair of epaulets2   
but instead of them ,i had on my        
shoulders my mother1 and ,i know not how
 many brothers4 ,all these are now      
tolerably well provided for2 and as to  
,josephine1 who1 it was said1 married me
 from pity1 we are about to crown her in
 the very teeth of ,raguedeau1 her      
notary1 who once told her that ,i had   
lost my commission and my sword1 and was
 not worth a ducat2 and faith he was not
 far wrong6 ,but now1 what is it that   
rises up in perspective before me8 ,an  
imperial mantle and a crown4 ,to me what

 are such things8 a costume1 a mere     
actor's costume4 ,i shall wear them for 
the occasion1 that's enough3 then       
resuming my military frock1 ,i'll get on
 horseback4 ,on horseback said ,i8--yes1
 and perhaps for life2 but scarcely     
shall ,i have taken up my new position  
when ,i shall run the risk of being     
pushed off my pedestal4 ,is that a state
 to be envied8 ,there are but two       
classes of men--those who have          
something1 and those who have nothing4  
,the first take their rest1 the others  
remain awake4 ,as ,i perceived this when
 starting in the race of life1 ,i have  
reached the goal thus early4 ,i know of 
but two men who attained it after having
 set out at the age of forty1 and they  
were ,cromwell and ,rousseau4 ,had the  
one had but a farm1 and the other a few 
hundred francs and a domestic1 they     
would neither have commanded1 preached1 
nor written4 ,there are various sorts of
 artists--in building1 in forms1 in     
colors1 in phrases4 ,i am an artist in  

battles2 ,i had executed eighteen of    
what are called victories before the age
 of thirty-five4 ,i have a right to be  
paid for my work1 and if paid with a    
throne1 it can not be called dear4 ,but1
 after all1 a throne1 what is it8 ,two  
or three boards fashioned in this form  
or in that1 and nailed together1 with a 
strip of red velvet to cover them4 ,by  
itself it is nothing2 'tis the man who  
sits upon it that makes its force4      
,still1 throne or no throne1 ,i shall   
follow my vocation3 you shall see some  
more of my doings4 ,you shall see all   
dynasties date from mine1 'parvenu'     
though ,i be2 and elected1 yes1 elected 
like yourself1 and chosen from the      
crowd4 ,on that point1 at all events1 we
 may shake hands4  ,so saying1 he       
advanced and held out his hand4 ,the    
,pope did not decline the courtesy2 but 
there was an evident constraint in his  
manner as he almost tremblingly reached 
to him the tips of his fingers4 ,he     
seemed under the influence of a complex 

tide of emotion4 ,he was moved somewhat1
 perhaps1 by the tone of bonhomie that  
pervaded the latter remarks1 and by the 
frankness of the advance which concluded
 them2 but the dominant feeling was     
evidently of a sombre cast1 arising from
 a reflection on his own position1 and  
still more on that of so many ,christian
 communities abandoned to the caprices  
of selfishness and hazard4  ,these      
movements of the inner man did not      
escape the scrutinizing glance of       
,bonaparte2 a light and shadow passed   
rapidly across his face4 ,he had carried
 one point--the coronation was tacitly  
conceded2 the rest may be left to time4 
,it was evident that1 though not        
entirely without alloy1 the feeling of  
satisfaction was uppermost as he strode 
from the room with all the brusquerie   
with which he had entered it4     ,from 
,fraser's ,magazine4  ,,gabrielle2 ,,or1
 ,,the ,,sisters4      ,those who weep  
not here1 shall weep eternally          
hereafter4                              

,ecclesi ,grc ,monumenta4   ,dim voices 
haunt me from the past--for the dream of
 life is dreamed1 and may now be        
revealed2 the dreamer is loitering on   
the ,bier ,path leading to the green    
grass mounds1 whence mouldering hands   
seem to point upward and say1 ,look thy 
last on the blue skies1 and come rest   
with us4  ,i have no happy childhood to 
recall2 for ,i began to think so early1 
that pain and thought are linked        
together4 ,i had a father1 and a sister 
two years my senior2 and our home was a 
small cottage1 surrounded by a          
flower-garden1 on the outskirts of a    
town1 where the chime of church-bells   
was distinctly heard4 ,these are sweet1 
romantic associations2 but garden       
flowers1 and silvery chimes1 and        
childhood's home1 are words which awaken
 no answering chord in my heart--for    
,reality was stern1 and ,fancy wove no  
fabric of fairy texture wherewith to    
cover the naked truth4  ,my mother died 
when ,i was born2 and my father was a   

thin1 pale man1 always wrapped in       
flannels about the head and throat1 and 
moving slowly with the aid of a stick4  
,he never breakfasted with us--we were  
kept in the kitchen1 to save firing--but
 he came down late in the forenoon1 and 
when it was warm and sunshiny he would  
take a gentle stroll into the fields1   
never townward4 ,we dined at a late     
hour1 and there were always delicacies  
for my father2 and after dinner he sat  
over his wine1 smoking cigars and       
reading the newspapers1 till it was time
 to go to bed4 ,he took little notice of
 ,gabrielle or me1 except to command    
silence1 or to send us for any thing he 
wanted4 ,there were two parlors in the  
cottage1 one at each side of the door2  
the furniture was scanty and mean1 and  
the parlor on the left-hand side never  
had a fire in it1 for my father always  
inhabited the other4 ,it was bitter cold
 for ,gabrielle and me in this left-hand
 room during the winter1 for we were    
often turned in there to amuse          

ourselves2 our sole domestic--an ancient
 ,irish servitor1 retained by my father 
solely on account of her culinary       
accomplishments--never admitted us poor 
shivering girls into the kitchen when   
she was cooking1 for1 said ,nelly1  ,if 
,i am teased or narvous ,i shall1 maybe1
 spoil the dinner1 and then our ,lady   
save us from the masther's growl4  ,no  
one ever came near us--we seemed utterly
 neglected1 and our very existence      
unknown4 ,the house was redolent with   
the fumes of tobacco1 and the garden    
where we played was a wilderness of     
weeds1 among which roses bloomed in     
summer1 and ,gabrielle and ,i watched   
for their coming with delight3 those    
summer roses1 on the great tangled      
bushes1 were surely more beautiful to us
 than to other and more fortunate       
children--we gathered and preserved each
 leaf as it fell1 and never was         
fragrance so delicious6  ,now it may    
naturally be supposed1 that from        
ignorance our impressions were not      

painful2 but from the time when ,i first
 began to notice and comprehend1 ,i also
 began to bitterly feel our condition1  
and ,gabrielle felt it far more than ,i 
did4 ,we knew that we were half-starved1
 half-clad1 neglected1 unloved          
creatures1 and that our parent was a    
personification of ,selfishness4 ,we saw
 other children prettily dressed1       
walking past with their mothers or      
nurses--or trotting to school1 healthful
 and happy2 and our hearts yearned to be
 like them--yearned for a mother's kiss6
 ,gabrielle was habitually silent and   
proud1 though often passionate when we  
were at play together2 but the outburst 
was soon over1 and she hugged me again  
directly4 ,i early learned to dislike   
all ugly things from gazing on her--her 
beauty was of a kind to dazzle a        
child--she was so brilliantly fair and  
colorless1 with clustering golden hair  
falling to her waist1 and large soft    
blue eyes1 which always made me think of
 heaven and the angels2 for1 thanks to  

,his mercy1 ,i knew of them when ,i was 
yet a child4  ,of course we were        
unacquainted with our father's history  
as we afterward heard it4 ,he was of a  
decayed but noble family1 and--alas6 it 
is a commonplace tale--he had ruined his
 fortunes and broken his wife's heart by
 gambling4 ,worse even than this1 he was
 irretrievably disgraced and lost to    
society1 having been detected as a      
cheat2 and broken down in every sense of
 the word1 with a trifling annuity only 
to subsist on1 he lived1 as ,i remember 
him1 pampered1 luxurious1 and utterly   
forgetful of all save ,self4 ,and1 oh6  
,god grant there be none--poor or rich1 
high or low--who can repeat the sacred  
name of father as ,i do1 without an     
emotion of tenderness1 without the      
slightest gossamer thread of love or    
respect twined around the memory to bind
 the parental benediction thereto4      
,nelly had followed our deceased mother 
from her native isle1 for she too was   
,irish1 and clung to our father1        

ministering to his habits and tastes1 a 
good deal1 ,i believe1 for our sakes1   
and to keep near us4 ,she was a coarse  
woman2 and1 unlike her race in general1 
exhibited but few outward demonstrations
 of attachment4 ,when her work was done 
in the evening she sometimes taught us  
the alphabet and to spell words of three
 letters2 the rest we mastered for      
ourselves1 and taught each other1 and so
 in process of time we were able to     
read4 ,the like with writing3 ,nelly    
pointed out the rudiments1 and          
,gabrielle1 endowed with magical powers 
of swift perception1 speedily wrought   
out lessons both for herself and me4    
,the only books in the house were a     
cookery-book2 a spelling-book which     
,nelly borrowed2 a great huge ,history  
of ,england1 which formed her usual     
footstool2 and an ancient1 equally large
 ,bible1 full of quaint pictures4 ,would
 that ,i had the latter blessed volume  
bound in gold now1 and set with         
diamonds6 ,a new epoch opened in my     

life4 ,i had already thought1 now ,i    
understood2 and the light divine dawned 
on my soul as ,nelly1 the humble        
instrument of grace1 in simple words    
explained all that was wanting3 for our 
faith is very simple1 notwithstanding   
the ineffable glories of ,jesus and     
redemption4 ,i dreamed by night of      
,jesus and of angels1 and of shepherds  
watching their flocks all seated on the 
ground2 and ,i used to ask ,nelly if she
 did not think an angel must be just    
like ,gabrielle1 with shining wings1    
certainly8 ,but ,nelly would say that   
,miss ,gabrielle was too proud for an   
angel1 and never likely to become one   
unless she liked her ,bible better2 and 
it was too true that my darling sister  
had not the same love for holy things   
that ,i had then4 ,she liked to read of 
,queen ,bess and ,bluff ,king ,hal2 but 
when we found our way to a church1 and  
heard the chanting1 her emotions far    
surpassed mine1 and she sobbed outright4
 ,at length ,gabrielle1 who had been    

pondering many days without speaking1   
confided to me her determination to ask 
our father to send us to school4  ,why  
should ,i not ask him1 ,ruth8 she said4 
,i wonder we never thought of it        
before--only he is always poorly1 or    
smoking1 or drinking4  ,i observed her  
beautiful lip curl as she spoke in a    
contemptuous tone1 and ,i thought that  
,jesus taught not so2 but ,i feared to  
speak--so ,i wept1 and knelt down alone 
and prayed for my sister4  ,gabrielle   
did ask him1 and my father laid down his
 paper1 and took the cigar from his     
mouth1 gazing in dull amazement at the  
speaker1 but ,i saw his gaze become more
 earnest and observant as he said1      
,why1 girl1 how old are you8  ,i was    
thirteen last month1 replied ,gabrielle4
  ,you are a monstrous tall girl of your
 age1 then1 ,i declare3 and you have    
learned to read from ,nelly1 haven't    
you8  ,yes1 we have1 was the quiet      
reply2 but we wish to learn something   
more than that4  ,then you must go to   

some charity school1 miss1 for ,i have  
no money to pay for such nonsense2 you  
can read1 and write1 and sew1 and what  
more would you have8 ,pass the claret   
nearer1 and reach me those cigars2 and  
take yourselves off1 for my head is     
splitting4  ,i must draw a vail over    
,gabrielle's passion when we were alone4
  ,it is not for myself only that ,i    
sorrow1 she exclaimed1 as her sobs      
subsided2 but you1 poor1 little1        
delicate thing1 with your lameness1 what
 is to become of you in the big world if
 you are left alone8 ,you can not be a  
servant2 and what are we to do without  
education8 for ,nelly has told me our   
father's income dies with him4  ,her    
expressions were incoherent2 and when ,i
 tried to comfort her1 by assurances    
that the blessed ,saviour cared for the 
fatherless1 she turned away and left me4
 ,so ended the first and last           
application to our parent4  ,when ,i    
remember ,gabrielle's career from that  
period to her sixteenth year ,i much    

marvel at the precocity of intellect she
 exhibited1 and the powers of mind with 
which she was endowed4 ,we had no money 
to procure books--no means to purchase  
even the common necessaries of clothing1
 which too often made us ashamed to     
appear in church4 ,but suddenly         
,gabrielle seemed to become a woman1 and
 ,i her trusting child4 ,she was silent 
and cold2 but not sullen or cold to me1 
though her mouth became compressed as if
 from bitter thought1 and never lost    
that expression again1 save when she    
smiled4 ,oh1 that sunny smile of radiant
 beauty6 ,i see it now--,i see it now6  
,i tried to win her1 by coaxing and     
fondling1 to read the ,holy ,book2 but  
,gabrielle said we were outcasts1 and   
deserted by ,god4 ,when ,i heard that my
 wan cheeks burned with indignation1 and
 ,i exclaimed1 ,you are wicked to say   
so2 but ,gabrielle was not angry1 for   
tears stood in her eyes as she fixed    
them on me1 whispering1  ,poor little   
cripple--sweet1 gentle1 loving          

sister--the angels that whisper these   
good things to you pass me over4 ,i hear
 them not1 ,ruth4  ,sister1 sister1 they
 speak and you will not hear3 do you    
think the stupid1 lame ,ruth is favored 
beyond the clever1 the beautiful1 the   
noble ,gabrielle8  ,then with an        
outburst of passionate love she would   
take me in her arms1 and weep long and  
bitterly4 ,i knew that ,i could not     
enter into the depths of her feelings1  
but ,i comprehended her haughty bearing 
and scornful glances2 for the neighbors 
looked at us pitifully1 and ,gabrielle  
writhed beneath it3 child as she was1   
there was something awful and grand in  
her lonely majesty of demeanor4 ,her    
self-denying1 constant devotion toward  
me--often ailing and pining as ,i       
was--,i repaid by an affection which ,i 
am sure is quite different from that    
entertained by sisters happily placed   
for each other3 ,gabrielle was as mother
 and sister1 and friend and nurse1 and  
playmate1 all in one to me4 ,she and the

 bright young roses in our neglected    
garden1 were the only two beautiful     
creations ,i had ever seen4 ,it was well
 for me1 in my childish simplicity1 that
 ,i knew not the wreck of mind--the     
waste of brilliant powers for want of   
cultivation--of which ,gabrielle was the
 victim2 but she knew it1 brooded over  
it1 and the festering poison of hatred  
and contempt changed her innocent1      
affectionate nature1 toward all created 
things1 except her own and only sister4 
,we never wearied of listening to       
,nelly's accounts of the former grandeur
 of our maternal ancestors1 intermixed  
with wild legends of chivalrous love and
 gallant daring4 ,she told us1 too1 of  
our ancient blood on the father's side1 
and that we were the great-grandchildren
 of a belted earl4 ,gabrielle's pale    
cheeks flushed not--her eyes were       
downcast2 but ,i knew the sufferings of 
the proud1 beautiful girl4 ,i too1      
humble as ,i was1 felt what we          
were--what we ought to have been1 and   

the blood of the ,de ,courcys and       
,o',briens mounted to my throbbing      
temples4  ,gabrielle was a lady--a lady 
in each action1 word1 and look2 poorly  
and insufficiently clad1 her tall1      
graceful form bore the unmistakable mark
 of hereditary breeding1 which neither  
poverty nor neglect could eradicate4 ,it
 was not her exceeding loveliness which 
alone attracted observation1 but it was 
a refinement and elegance which no      
education can bestow--it was ,nature's  
stamp on one of her most peerless and   
exquisite productions4 ,one evening1    
when we had been listening to ,nelly's  
discourse by the kitchen fire1 a sudden 
and a new thought took hold of my       
imagination1 nor could ,i rest until ,i 
had imparted it to ,gabrielle4 ,it was  
this--that she might marry some great1  
rich man1 and so release us from want   
and privation2 for1 of course1 my home  
would always be with her6  ,gabrielle   
looked gravely on my upturned face an ,i
 knelt beside her1 and confided this new

 plan4  ,ruth1 she said1 you are a wise 
and a singular child1 and you deserve to
 be trusted4 ,i mean to become a rich   
man's wife if ,i have the opportunity2  
but how it is to be brought about1 your 
good book1 perhaps1 may tell4  ,oh1     
darling1 ,i cried1 do not smile so      
scornfully when you speak of that       
blessed1 dear book2 it would comfort and
 lead you1 indeed it would1 if you would
 but open and read its pages4  ,well1   
well1 ,parson ,ruth1 she cried1         
laughing1 that will do4 ,when the rich  
man comes down from the clouds to make  
me his bride1 ,i promise you ,i'll have 
a book bound in gold like that2 and you 
shall be educated1 my darling ,ruth1 as 
the daughters of the ,de ,courcys ought 
to be1 and you shall forget that we have
 no father1 no mother4  ,forget our     
father8 said ,i4 ,never1 never6         
,gabrielle was terribly shaken and      
agitated3 little more than a child in   
years1 injustice and sorrow had taught  
her the emotions of age1 yet she was a  

guileless child in the world's ways1 as 
events soon proved4  ,we used to ramble 
out into the adjacent meadows1 and      
doubtless our roamings would have       
extended far and wide1 had not my       
lameness precluded much walking1 and    
,gabrielle never had a thought of       
leaving me4 ,so we were contented to    
saunter by a shining stream that        
meandered amid the rich pasture-land    
near our home2 this stream was          
frequented by those fortunate anglers   
only who obtained permission from the   
lady of the manor to fish in it1 and    
this permit was not lavishly bestowed1  
consequently our favorite haunt was     
usually a solitary one4 ,but soon after 
,gabrielle had completed her sixteenth  
year we noted a sickly youth1 who       
patiently pursued his quiet sport by the
 hour together1 and never looked round  
as we passed and repassed him4 ,some    
trifling chance 7as it is called7 led to
 his thanking ,gabrielle for assisting  
to disentangle his line1 which had      

caught amid the willow-branches         
overhanging the water2 the same chance  
caused him to observe his beautiful     
assistant1 and ,i saw his start of      
surprise and admiration4 ,he was a      
silly-looking lad1 we thought1 dressed  
like a gentleman1 and behaving as one2  
and he was never absent now from the    
meadows when we were there4 ,he always  
bowed1 and often addressed some passing 
observation to us1 but timidly and      
respectfully1 for ,gabrielle was a girl 
to command both homage and respect4 ,she
 pitied the lonely1 pale young man1 who 
seemed so pleased to find any one to    
speak to1 and exhibited such            
extraordinary patience and perseverance1
 for he never caught a fish that we saw4
 ,through the medium of a gossip of     
,nelly1 who was kitchen-maid at the     
principal inn1 we ascertained that our  
new acquaintance was staying there for  
his health's benefit1 and for the       
purpose of angling2 that his name was   
,erminstoun1 only son of the rich ,mr4  

,erminstoun1 banker1 of ,t----4 ,nelly's
 gossip had a sister who lived at       
,erminstoun ,hall1 so there was no doubt
 about the correctness of the           
information1 both as regarded ,mr4      
,thomas ,erminstoun's identity1 and the 
enormous wealth of which it was said his
 father was possessed4 ,the informant   
added1 that poor ,mr4 ,thomas was a     
leetle soft maybe1 but the idol of his  
parent2 and that he squandered money    
like nothing1 being a generous1         
open-handed1 good young gentleman4  ,i  
observed a great change in ,gabrielle's 
manner1 after hearing this1 toward her  
admirer--for so he must be termed--as   
admiration was so evident in each word  
and look3 by-and-by ,gabrielle went out 
alone--there was no one to question or  
rebuke her2 and in six weeks from the   
day that ,mr4 ,thomas ,erminstoun first 
saw her she became his wife4 ,yes1      
startling as it appears1 it all seemed  
very natural and simple of              
accomplishment then2 early one brilliant

 summer morning1 ,gabrielle woke me1 and
 bade me rise directly1 as she wished to
 confide something of great importance1 
which was about to take place in a few  
hours4 ,pale1 but composed1 she         
proceeded to array herself and me in    
plain white robes1 and straw bonnets2   
new and purely white1 yet perfectly     
simple and inexpensive1 though far      
better than the habiliments we had been 
accustomed to wear4 ,gabrielle took them
 from a box1 which must have come when  
,i was sleeping2 and when our toilet was
 completed1 ,i compared her in my own   
mind to one of those young maidens whom 
,i had seen in the church1 when bands of
 fair creatures were assembled for      
confirmation4 ,she looked not like a    
bride--there was no blushing1 no        
trembling2 but a calm self-possession1  
and determination of purpose1 which awed
 me4  ,my wise little sister ,ruth1 she 
said1 ,i am going to be married this    
morning to ,mr4 ,thomas ,erminstoun1 at 
---- church4 ,you are my bridemaid1 and 

the clerk gives me away4 ,i shall not   
come back here any more1 for a chaise   
and four waits in ,yarrow ,wood to      
convey us away directly after our       
marriage4 ,you will come home1 darling1 
and take off your marriage apparel to   
appear before him2 and as ,i do not     
often dine with him1 and he never asks  
for me1 ,i shall not be missed4 ,so say 
nothing--,nelly's tongue is tied--fear  
not her4 ,be patient1 beloved one1 till 
you hear from me3 bright days are       
coming1 ,ruth1 and we do not part for   
long4  ,here she wept1 oh1 so bitterly1 
,i thought she would die4 ,amazed and   
trembling1 ,i ventured to ask if she    
loved ,mr4 ,thomas ,erminstoun better   
than me1 for jealousy rankled1 and at   
fourteen ,i knew nothing of love4  ,love
 him6 she cried vehemently1 clasping her
 hands wildly2 ,i love only you on      
earth1 my ,ruth1 my sister4 ,he is a    
fool2 and ,i marry him to save you and  
myself from degradation and misery4 ,he 
buys me with his wealth4 ,i am little   

more than sixteen--she hung down her    
lovely head1 poor thing--but ,i am old  
in sorrow2 ,i am hardened in sin1 for ,i
 am about to commit a great sin4 ,i vow 
to love1 where ,i despise2 to obey1 when
 ,i mean to rule2 and to honor1 when ,i 
hold the imbecile youth in utter        
contempt6  ,vain were supplications and 
prayers to wait4 ,gabrielle led me away 
to the meadows1 where a fly was in      
waiting1 which conveyed us to the       
church4 ,i saw her married2 ,i signed   
something in a great book2 ,i felt her  
warm tears and embraces1 and ,i knew    
that ,mr4 ,thomas ,erminstoun kissed me 
too1 as he disappeared with ,gabrielle1 
and the clerk placed me in the fly      
alone1 which put me down in the same    
place1 in the quiet meadows by the      
shining water4 ,i sat down and wept till
 ,i became exhausted4 ,was this all a   
dream8 ,had ,gabrielle really gone8 ,my 
child-sister married8 ,become rich and  
great8 ,but ,i treasured her words1     
hurried home1 and put on my old dark    

dress2 and ,nelly said not a word4 ,mr4 
,thomas ,erminstoun's gold had secured  
her silence2 and she was to know        
nothing1 but to take care of me for the 
present4  ,ere my father retired to rest
 that night1 a letter was brought       
addressed to him4 ,i never knew the     
contents1 but it was from ,gabrielle and
 ,gabrielle's husband4 ,i did not see   
him again for some days1 and then he    
never looked at me2 and strange1 strange
 it seemed1 ,gabrielle had disappeared  
like a snow wreath1 in silence1 in      
mystery2 and ,i exclaimed in agony1 ,was
 there ever any thing like this in the  
world before8  ,my father made himself  
acquainted with the position of the     
young man whom his daughter had gone off
 with1 and also of the legality of their
 marriage2 that ascertained             
satisfactorily1 he sank into the same   
hopeless slothfulness and indolence as  
heretofore1 dozing life away1 and       
considering he had achieved a prodigious
 labor in making the necessary          

inquiries4  ,very soon after this ,i had
 my first letter--doubly dear and       
interesting because it was from         
,gabrielle4 ,the inn servant brought it 
under pretext of visiting ,nelly1 so my 
father knew nothing about it4 ,ah1 that 
first letter6 shall ,i ever forget how  
,i bathed it my with tears1 and covered 
it with kisses8 ,it was short1 and      
merely said they were in lodgings for   
the present1 because ,mr4 ,erminstoun   
had not yet forgiven his son3 not a word
 about her happiness2 not a word of her 
husband2 but she concluded by saying1   
that very soon she hoped to send for her
 darling ,ruth--never to be parted more4
  ,i know that my guardian angel        
whispered the thoughts that now came    
into my head as ,i read and pondered2   
because ,i had prayed to be led as a    
sheep by the shepherd1 being but a      
simple1 weakly child4 ,i determined on  
two things--to show the letter ,i had   
received from ,gabrielle to my father1  
for conscience loudly whispered         

concealment was wrong2 and never to quit
 him1 because the time might come when  
he1 perhaps1 would require1 or be glad  
of my attendance4 ,i felt quite happy   
after forming these resolutions on my   
knees2 and ,i wrote to ,gabrielle       
telling her of them4 ,i know not if my  
father observed what ,i said1 but he    
took no notice1 for he was half asleep  
and smoking2 so ,i left the letter      
beside him1 as ,i ever did afterward1   
for ,i often heard from my beloved      
sister3 and oh6 but it was hard to      
resist her entreaties that ,i would come
 to her--that it was for my sake as well
 as her own she had taken so bold a     
step2 and that now she had a pleasant   
home for me1 and ,i refused4 ,it was    
hard to refuse2 but ,god was with me1 or
 ,i never could have had strength of    
myself to persevere in duty1 and deny   
myself4 ,when ,gabrielle found arguments
 and entreaties vain1 she gave way to   
bursts of anguish that nearly overcame  
me2 but when ,i was weak1 then ,i was   

strong1 and ,i clasped my precious      
,bible1 and told her ,i dared not leave 
my father4  ,then came presents of      
books1 and all kinds of beautiful and   
useful things1 to add to my comfort or  
improvement4 ,gabrielle told me they    
were settled in a pretty cottage near   
the ,hall1 and that ,mr4 ,erminstoun had
 forgiven his son4 ,mr4 ,erminstoun was 
a widower1 and had five daughters by a  
former marriage--,gabrielle's husband   
being the only child of his second      
union3 the ,misses ,erminstoun were all 
flourishing in single blessedness1 and  
were known throughout the country-side  
as the proud ,miss ,erminstouns4 ,these 
ladies were tall1 and what some folks   
call dashing women2 wearing high        
feathers1 bright colors1 and riding     
hither and thither in showy equipages1  
or going to church on the ,sabbath with 
a footman following their solemn and    
majestic approach to the house of       
prayer1 carrying the richly-emblazoned  
books of these miserable sinners4  ,how 

,i pined to hear from ,gabrielle that   
she was happy1 and cherished by her new 
connections2 that she was humbled also1 
in some measure--abashed at the bold    
step she had taken4 ,so young--so       
fair--so determined4 ,i trembled1 girl  
as ,i was1 when ,i thought that ,god's  
wrath might fall on her dear head1 and  
chasten her rebellious spirit4  ,six    
months subsequent to ,gabrielle's       
departure our father died1 after but a  
few days' severe suffering4 ,dying1 he  
took my hand and murmured1 ,good child6 
and those precious words fell as a      
blessing on my soul2 and ,i know he     
listened to the prayers which ,god put  
into my heart to make for his departing 
spirit4 ,i mourned for the dead1 because
 he was my father and ,i his child4444  
,nelly accompanied me to my sister's    
home2 and fairyland seemed opening to my
 view when ,i embraced ,gabrielle once  
more4 ,what a pleasant home it was6--a  
cottage not much larger than the one ,i 
had left--but how different6 ,elegance  

and comfort were combined2 and when ,i  
saw the rare exotics in the tasteful    
conservatory ,i remembered the roses in 
our wilderness4 ,ah1 ,i doubt if we ever
 valued flowers as we did those precious
 dewy buds4 ,wood ,end ,cottage stood on
 the brow of a hill1 commanding a fair  
prospect of sylvan quietude2 the old    
,parsonage was adjacent1 inhabited by a 
bachelor curate1 poor and pious1 the    
church tower peeping forth from a clump 
of trees4 ,the peal of soft bells in    
that mouldering tower seemed to me like 
unearthly music3 my heart thrilled as ,i
 heard their singular1 melancholy chime4
 ,there were fine monuments within the  
church1 and it had a superb painted     
window1 on which the sun always cast its
 last gleams during the hours of        
summer-evening service4  ,my            
brother-in-law1 ,mr4 ,thomas            
,erminstoun1 was paler and thinner than 
when ,i had seen him last1 and ,i was   
shocked and alarmed at his appearance4  
,his love for ,gabrielle amounted to    

idolatry2 and for her sake he loved and 
cherished me4 ,she was colder and       
haughtier in manner than ever1 receiving
 passively all the devoted tenderness   
lavished by her husband3 this pained me 
sadly2 for though he was assuredly      
simple1 there was an earnest            
truthfulness and kindliness about him1  
which won on the affections amazingly4  
,he would speak to me of ,gabrielle by  
the hour together1 with ever-increasing 
delight2 we both marveled at her        
surpassing beauty1 which each week      
became more angelic and pure in         
character4  ,on me alone all my sister's
 caresses were bestowed2 all the pent-up
 love of a passionate nature found vent 
in my arms1 which were twined around her
 with strange enthusiastic love2        
therefore it was1 her faults occasioned 
me such agony--for ,i could not but see 
them--and ,i alone1 of all the world1   
knew her noble nature--knew what she    
might have been4 ,i told her that ,i    
expected to have found her cheerful1 now

 she had a happy home of her own4       
,happy6 cheerful6 she cried1 sadly4 ,a  
childhood such as mine was1 flings dark 
shadows over all futurity1 ,ruth4  ,oh1 
speak not so1 beloved1 ,i replied2 have 
you not a good husband1 your error      
mercifully forgiven8 are you not        
surrounded by blessings8  ,and          
dependent1 she answered1 bitterly  ,but 
dependent on your husband1 as the ,bible
 says every woman should be4  ,and my   
husband is utterly dependent on his     
father1 ,ruth2 he has neither ability   
nor health to help himself1 and on his  
father he depends for our bread4 ,i have
 but exchanged one bondage for another2 
and all my hope is now centred in you1  
dearest1 to educate you--to render you  
independent of this cold1 hard world4   
,why1 ,gabrielle1 ,i said1 you are not  
seventeen yet--it is not too late1 is   
it1 for you also to be educated8  ,too  
late1 too late1 answered ,gabrielle1    
mournfully4 ,listen1 wise ,ruth1 ,i     
shall be a mother soon2 and to my child1

 if it is spared1 and to you1 ,i devote 
myself4 ,you have seen the ,misses      
,erminstoun--you have seen vulgarity1   
insolence1 and absurd pretension2 they  
have taunted me with my ignorance1 and  
,i will not change it now4 ,the blood of
 the ,de ,courcys and ,o',briens has    
made me a lady2 and all the wealth of   
the ,indies can not make them so4 ,no1  
,ruth1 ,i will remain in ignorance1 and 
yet tower above them1 high as the clouds
 above the dull earth1 in innate        
superiority and power of mind6  ,oh1 my 
sister1 ,i urged timidly1 it is not well
 to think highly of one's self--the     
,bible teaches not so4  ,ruth6 ,ruth6   
she exclaimed1 impatiently1 it is not   
that ,i think highly of myself1 as you  
well know2 you well know with what      
anguish ,i have deplored our wants2 it  
is pretension ,i despise1 and rise      
above2 talent1 and learning1 and virtue1
 and nobleness1 that ,i revere1 and     
could worship6  ,but1 beloved1 ,i urged1
 people may be very kind and good1      

without being so mighty clever4  ,the   
,erminstouns female are not kind1 are   
not good1 she haughtily replied3 the    
,erminstouns male are fools6 ,ruth1 ,i  
have changed one bondage for another1   
and the sins of the father fall on the  
innocent child4 ,i have changed         
starvation1 and cold1 and degradation1  
for hateful dependence on the vulgar and
 despised4 ,woe is me1 woe is me6 ,if ,i
 can but save you1 my sister1 and make  
you independent1 ,i can bear my lot4    
,my education commenced1 and they called
 me a wise child3 every one was kind to 
the poor cripple1 even the proud ,miss  
,erminstouns1 who cast envious and      
disdainful glances on my beautiful      
sister1 which she repaid with           
unutterable scorn--silent1 but sure4    
,oh1 how ,i prayed ,gabrielle to try and
 win their love2 to read her ,bible1 and
 therein find that a kind word turneth  
away wrath2 but ,gabrielle was proud as 
,lucifer1 and liked not to read of      
humility and forbearance4 ,i found a    

zealous friend and instructor in ,mr4   
,dacre1 the poor1 pious curate2 he was a
 college friend of my brother-in-law1   
and a few years his senior4 ,i felt     
assured that ,mr4 ,dacre thought ,mr4   
,thomas's life a very precarious one1   
from the way in which he spoke to him on
 religious subjects1 and the anxiety he 
evinced as to his spiritual welfare4    
,mr4 ,dacre used also to call me his    
wise little friend2 and we were wont to 
speak of passages in the book ,i loved  
best4 ,what thought ,i of him8 ,why1    
sometimes in my own mind ,i would       
compare him to an apostle--,st4 ,paul1  
for instance1 sincere1 learned1 and     
inspired2 but then ,st4 ,paul haunted my
 day-dreams as a reverend gentleman with
 a beard and flowing robes1 while ,mr4  
,dacre was young1 handsome1 and         
excessively neat in his ecclesiastical  
costume and appointments generally4 ,mr4
 ,dacre had serious dark eyes--solemn   
eyes they were1 in my estimation1 but   
the very sweetest smile in the world2   

and one of the ,misses ,erminstoun      
seemed to think so too3 but people said 
that the pious young minister was vowed 
to celibacy4  ,there was also another   
frequent visitor at ,erminstoun ,hall1  
who not seldom found his way to ,wood   
,end ,cottage2 and this was no less a   
personage than ,lord ,treherne1 who     
resided at ,treherne ,abbey in princely 
magnificence1 and had lately become a   
widower4 ,this nobleman was upward of   
sixty1 stately1 cold1 and reserved in   
manner1 and rarely warmed into a smile1 
except in contemplation of woman's      
beauty2 of which1 indeed1 he was an     
enthusiastic admirer4 ,the late ,lady   
,treherne had presented her lord with no
 family2 and the disappointment was     
bitterly felt by ,lord ,treherne1 who   
most ardently desired an heir to succeed
 to his ancient title and immense       
possessions4 ,it was rumored abroad that
 the eldest ,miss ,erminstoun was likely
 to become the favored lady on whom his 
lordship's second choice might fall3 she

 was still a handsome woman1 and as cold
 and haughty as ,lord ,treherne himself2
 but1 notwithstanding her smiles and    
encouragement1 the ancient cavalier in  
search of a bride did not propose4 ,nay1
 on the contrary1 he evinced            
considerable interest in ,mr4 ,thomas   
,erminstoun's failing health2 he was the
 poor young gentleman's godfather1 and  
it seemed not improbable that1 in the   
event of his lordship dying childless1  
his godson might inherit a desirable    
fortune4 ,rare fruits and flowers       
arrived in profusion from the ,abbey2   
and my lord showed great interest in my 
progress1 while ,gabrielle treated him  
with far more freedom than she did any  
one else1 and seemed pleased and        
gratified by his fatherly attentions4   
,at length the time arrived when        
,gabrielle became the mother of as      
lovely a babe as ever entered this world
 of woe2 and it was a fair and touching 
sight to behold the young mother        
caressing her infant daughter4 ,i have  

often wondered that ,i felt no pangs of 
jealousy1 for the beauteous stranger    
more than divided my sister's love for  
me--she engaged it nearly all3 and there
 was something fearful and sublime in   
the exceeding idolatry of ,gabrielle for
 her sweet baby4 ,self was immolated    
altogether2 and when she hung over the  
baby's couch each night1 watching its   
happy1 peaceful slumbers1 it was        
difficult to say which of the twain was 
the more beautiful4 ,repose marked the  
countenance of each--,gabrielle's was   
imbued with the heavenly repose of      
parental love4  ,in less than twelve    
months after its birth1 that poor baby  
was fatherless4 ,i had anticipated and  
foreseen this calamity2 and ,gabrielle  
conducted herself1 as ,i believed she   
would1 without hypocrisy1 but with      
serious propriety4 ,sad scenes followed 
this solemn event2 the ,misses          
,erminstoun wished to take her child    
from ,gabrielle1 to bring it up at the  
,hall4 ,mr4 ,erminstoun urged her       

compliance1 and recommended my sister to
 seek a situation for me1 as he had     
already so expensive an establishment to
 keep up2 and now poor ,thomas was gone1
 there was really no occasion for ,wood 
,end ,cottage to be on his hands4       
,gabrielle must find a home in some     
farm-house4  ,all this came about in a  
few months1 from one thing to another2  
and the young widow1 who had been ever  
hated as a wife1 was grudged her daily  
support by her deceased husband's       
family4 ,give up her child8 ,gabrielle  
only laughed when they spoke of that2   
but her laugh rings in my ears yet6     
though it was as soft and musical as the
 old church bells4  ,we left ,wood ,end 
,cottage1 and found refuge in a retired 
farm-house1 as ,mr4 ,erminstoun         
proposed2 but we were together3 and     
there were many who cried shame on the  
rich banker1 for thus casting off his   
daughter-in-law and his grandchild4     
,small was the pittance he allowed for  
our subsistence2 and the ,misses        

,erminstoun never noticed ,gabrielle on 
her refusal to part with the child4 ,she
 was not fit1 they bruited about1 to    
bring up their poor brother's daughter4 
,she was ignorant1 uneducated1 and      
unamiable1 besides being basely         
ungrateful for kindness lavished2 she   
had a cold heart and repellant manner1  
which had steeled their sympathies      
toward her4 ,they thought themselves    
ill-used at ,erminstoun ,hall2 and the  
five ,misses ,erminstoun regarded       
,gabrielle and her poor little daughter 
as mere interlopers1 who were robbing   
them of their father's money4  ,well    
might ,gabrielle say--,i have changed   
one bondage for another6 but ,i never   
heard her repeat that now4 ,she was     
silent1 even to me4 ,no murmur escaped  
her lips2 and what she felt or suffered 
,i knew not4 ,little ,ella was a pale   
flower1 like her mother2 but as similar 
to the parent rose as an opening        
rosebud4  ,what could ,i do8 were the   
words ,i was continually repeating to   

myself4 ,i must not be an added burden  
to ,mr4 ,erminstoun4 ,i have already    
profited by my sister's union with his  
son1 by having gratefully received      
instruction in various branches of      
learning1 and can ,i not do something   
for myself8 ,what this something was to 
be1 ,i could not define4 ,my lameness   
precluded active employment1 and ,i was 
too young to become a companion4 ,i     
confided my thoughts and wishes to ,mr4 
,dacre1 who often visited us1 speaking  
words of balm and consolation to the    
afflicted4 ,gabrielle listened to his   
words1 as she never had done to mine2   
and he could reprove1 admonish1 exhort1 
or cheer1 when all human hope seemed    
deserting us4 ,for where were we to look
 for a shelter1 should it please ,mr4   
,erminstoun to withdraw his allowance1  
to force ,gabrielle to abandon her child
 to have it from want8 ,i verily        
believe1 had it not been for that       
precious babe1 she would have begged her
 bread1 and suffered me to do so1 rather

 than be dependent on the               
scantily-doled-out bounty of ,mr4       
,erminstoun4  ,during the twelve months 
that elapsed after her husband's death  
there was a great calm over             
,gabrielle--a tranquillity1 like that   
exhibited by an individual walking in   
sleep4 ,i had expected despair and      
passion when her lofty spirit was thus  
trampled to the dust2 but no1 as ,i have
 said1 she was strangely                
tranquil--strangely silent4 ,there was  
no resignation--that is quite another   
thing2 and1 except when my sister       
listened to ,mr4 ,dacre1 she never read 
her ,bible1 or suffered me to read it to
 her3 but his deep1 full1 rich voice1   
inexpressibly touching and sweet in all 
its modulations1 ever won her rapt1     
undivided attention4 ,she attended the  
church where he officiated2 and though  
the ,erminstouns had a                  
sumptuously-decorated pew there1 it was 
not to that the young widow resorted2   
she sat amid the poor in the aisle1     

beneath a magnificent monument of the   
,treherne family1 where the glorious    
sunset rays1 streaming through the      
illuminated window1 fell full upon her  
clustering golden hair and downcast     
eyes4  ,there was pride in this1 not    
humility2 and ,gabrielle deceived       
herself1 as1 with a quiet grace         
peculiarly her own1 she glided to her   
lowly seat1 rejecting ,lord ,treherne's 
proffered accommodation1 as he          
courteously stood with his pew door     
open1 bowing to the fair creature as if 
she had been a queen4 ,the five ,misses 
,erminstoun knelt on their velvet       
cushions1 arrayed in feathers and       
finery1 and strong in riches and worldly
 advantages2 but my pale sister1 in her 
coarsely-fashioned mourning-garb1 seated
 on a bench1 and kneeling on the stone1 
might have been taken for the regal     
lady1 and they her plebeian attendants4 
,spiteful glances they cast toward      
,gabrielle1 many a time and oft1 when my
 ,lord ,treherne so pointedly paid his  

respectful devoirs2 and there was as    
much pride and haughtiness in           
,gabrielle's heart as in theirs4 ,poor  
thing6 she said truly1 that early       
shadows had darkened her soul1 and what 
had she left but pride8 ,not an iota of 
woman's besetting littleness had my     
sister--noble1 generous1 self-denying1  
devoted where she loved2 her sweetness  
had been poisoned1 nor had she sought   
that fountain of living water which     
alone can purify such bitterness4       
,gentle in manner1 pure in heart1       
affectionate in disposition1            
,gabrielle's pride wrought her misery4  
,lord ,treherne never came in person to 
our humble home--he had but once paid   
his respects to ,gabrielle since her    
widowhood2 but the rarest exotics       
continued to decorate our poor room1    
constantly replenished from ,treherne   
,abbey1 and sent1 with his lordship's   
card1 by a confidential domestic4 ,he   
was always at church now1 and people    
remarked how pious my lord had latterly 

become4 ,i was far too young and        
inexperienced then to understand or     
appreciate this delicacy and propriety  
on ,lord ,treherne's part4 ,but ,mr4    
,dacre understood it2 nor would he have 
intruded on our privacy1 save in his    
ministerial capacity1 and for the       
purpose of aiding and assisting me in   
the studies ,i endeavored to pursue4    
,there was a halo of sanctity around    
,mr4 ,dacre1 which effectually precluded
 any approach to freedom or frivolous   
conversation1 in any society wherein he 
might be placed4 ,he gave the tone to   
that society1 and the gay and dashing   
,misses ,erminstoun became subdued in   
his presence2 while ,lord ,treherne1    
with excellent taste1 not only showed   
the outward respect due to ,mr4 ,dacre's
 sacred and high office1 but the regard 
which his personal qualities deserved4  
,i have often looked back on that time  
immediately after my brother-in-law's   
decease1 with wonder at our             
serenity--nay1 almost contentment and   

happiness2 despite the anguish and      
humiliation ,i knew ,gabrielle must     
endure1 her smile was ever beautiful and
 sweet1 and illumined our poor home with
 the sunshine of heaven4  ,our baby was1
 ,i think ,i may say1 almost equally    
dear to us both--it had two mothers1    
,gabrielle said2 and what with nursing  
the darling little thing1 and learning  
my lessons1 and ,mr4 ,dacre's visits1   
time flew rapidly4  ,on the appearance  
of each fresh token of ,lord ,treherne's
 remembrance1 ,i observed an expression 
flit across my sister's face which ,i   
could not define2 it was of triumph and 
agony combined1 and she always flew to  
her baby1 clasping it convulsively to   
her bosom1 and whispering words of      
strange import4 ,on ,mr4 ,dacre's       
expressive1 serious countenance1 also1  
,i noticed passing clouds1 as ,gabrielle
 bestowed enthusiastic admiration on the
 superb exotics4 ,why this was ,i could 
by no means satisfactorily decide1 as   
,mr4 ,dacre1 so kind and generous1 must 

approve the disinterested delicacy      
exhibited by ,lord ,treherne1 in his    
offerings to the fatherless and widow4  
,but the disinterestedness of my lord's 
attentions was a myth which ,i soon     
discarded3 for in twelve months         
subsequent to ,mr4 ,thomas ,erminstoun's
 decease1 a letter from ,treherne ,abbey
 was brought to ,gabrielle1 sealed with 
the armorial bearings of the ,trehernes1
 and signed by the present              
representative of that noble race4 ,we  
were seated at our fireside1 busy with  
domestic needlework1 and ,i saw         
,gabrielle's hands tremble as she opened
 it1 while that strange1 wild expression
 of triumph and pain1 flitted more than 
once over her face as she perused the   
missive4 ,she silently gave it to me1   
and with amazement ,i read its          
contents--such an idea had never once   
entered my simple brain4 ,lord ,treherne
 made ,gabrielle an offer of his hand   
and heart1 signifying that if she would 
graciously incline her ear to his suit1 

a brilliant destiny awaited her infant  
daughter--on whom1 and on its lovely    
mother1 the most munificent settlements 
should be made4 ,i laughed heartily as  
,i read his lordship's rhapsodies1      
becoming a young lover2 and ,i said1    
returning the epistle to ,gabrielle1    
,what a pity1 dearest1 that we can not  
have such a noble father for our little 
,ella6 the possibility of ,gabrielle's  
marrying a man of nearly seventy never  
entered into my calculations for a      
moment4 ,therefore my astonishment was  
overwhelming when she seriously         
answered1  ,why can not ,lord ,treherne 
be a father to my child1 ,ruth8         
,because1 dearest1 you could not marry  
him--he is so old4  ,but ,i mean to     
marry him1 ,ruth3 could you doubt it8   
,could ,i have lived on as ,i have done 
without prophetic hope to support me8   
,think you1 if ,lord ,treherne were     
double the age1 ,i would refuse rank1   
wealth and power8 ,oh1 ,ruth1 were ,i   
alone1 it might be different4 ,she spoke

 in a tone of suppressed anguish and    
passionate regret4 ,but look on her1    
pointing to the sleeping cherub1 for her
 sake ,i would immolate myself on any   
altar of sacrifice4 ,her fate shall be a
 brighter one than her mother's--if that
 mother has power to save and to bless6 
,she must not be doomed to poverty or   
dependence4 ,no1 no6 ,i give her a      
father who can restore in her the       
ancient glories of our race2 for my     
,ella is a descendant of the chivalrous 
,o',briens and the noble ,de ,courcys4  
,and of the ,erminstouns of ,erminstoun 
,hall1 ,i gently suggested1 for         
,gabrielle was greatly excited4  ,name  
them not1 ,ruth2 name them not1 if you  
love me4 ,to change their hated name1   
what would ,i not do8  ,alas6 thought   
,i1 you are deceiving yourself1 my poor 
sister1 in this supposed immolation on  
an altar of sacrifice2 it is not for    
your child's sake alone1 though you     
fancy so4 ,but ,blanche ,erminstoun will
 be disappointed1 revenge obtained1 and 

pride amply gratified1 and truly the    
heart is deceitful above all things4    
,mr4 ,dacre entered the apartment as    
,gabrielle ceased speaking1 for we had  
not heard his modest signal1 and he was 
unannounced4 ,my sister colored to the  
very temples on seeing the young pastor1
 and her hands trembled in the vain     
endeavor to fold ,lord ,treherne's      
letter1 which at length she impatiently 
crushed together4 ,i heard a            
half-smothered hysterical sob1 as1 with 
a faltering voice1 she bade our guest   
,good-evening4 ,ah6 when the heart is   
aching and throbbing with agony1        
concealed and suppressed1 it requires   
heroic self-command to descend to the   
commonplaces of this workaday world2 but
 women early learn to conceal and subdue
 their feelings1 when premature sorrows 
have divided them from real or pretended
 sympathies4  ,i read my sister's heart1
 ,i knew her secret1 and ,i inwardly    
murmured1 ,alas for woman's love1 it is 
cast aside6         99       99       99

       99       99  ,my sister's        
marriage with ,lord ,treherne was a     
strictly private one 7,gabrielle had    
stipulated for this71 his lordship's    
chaplain performing the ceremony4 ,my   
thoughts reverted to ,gabrielle's first 
marriage1 when the clerk gave her away1 
and she was clad in muslin2 now she was 
arrayed in satin and glittering gems1   
and a peer of the realm1 an old friend  
of the bridegroom1 gave her lily hand at
 the altar to her noble lover4 ,twice   
she was forsworn2 but the desecration to
 her soul was not so great on the first 
as on the present occasion1 for then her
 heart was still her own2 while now1    
alas for woman's love1 it was cast      
aside6  ,in a few weeks after the       
marriage we all departed for the        
,continent1 where we remained for the   
six following years1 ,gabrielle and     
myself receiving instructions in every  
accomplishment suitable to our position4
 ,it was charming to witness with what  
celerity my beautiful sister acquired   

every thing she undertook1 for she was  
as anxious as her lord to adorn the high
 station to which she now belonged4     
,wherever we went the fame of ,lady     
,treherne's beauty went with us1 while  
her fascination of manner and high-bred 
elegance perfectly satisfied her        
fastidious husband that he had made a   
wise and prudent choice4 ,there was one 
drawback to his lordship's perfect      
contentment1 and this was the absence of
 the much-wished-for heir1 for          
,gabrielle presented no children to her 
husband2 and our little ,ella1 a fairy  
child1 of brilliant gifts and almost    
superhuman loveliness1 became as        
necessary to ,lord ,treherne's happiness
 as she was to her doting mother's4 ,it 
was settled ere we returned to ,england1
 that ,ella was to drop the name of     
,erminstoun1 and as ,lord ,treherne's   
acknowledged heiress1 legal forms were  
to be immediately adopted in order to   
ratify the change of name to that of the
 family appellation of the ,trehernes4  

,with a murmur of grateful feeling ,i   
saw ,gabrielle kneel beside her aged    
husband1 and thank him fondly for this  
proof of regard2 triumph sparkled in her
 eyes1 and ,lord ,treherne laid his hand
 on her fair head1 blessing her as he   
did so4 ,she had made him a good wife1  
in every sense of the term3 he had never
 forgot that her blood equaled his own4 
,but ,gabrielle did1 for that very      
reason2 her gratitude made her humble   
toward him1 because he was humble toward
 her3 nor did ,lord ,treherne ever cease
 to think that ,gabrielle had conferred 
a favor in marrying him4  ,a succession 
of ftes and entertainments were given at
 ,treherne ,abbey after our return1 and 
,gabrielle was the star on whom all     
gazed with delighted admiration4 ,all   
the country families flocked to pay     
their homage1 but the ,erminstouns came 
not until ,lady ,treherne extended a    
hand of welcome to her first husband's  
family2 she was too exalted1 both in    
station and mind1 to cherish the pitiful

 remembrances of their former           
unkindness4 ,there were but two ,misses 
,erminstoun now1 the others were well   
married 7according to the world's       
notion1 that is72 and the youngest1 who 
had not given up hopes of yet becoming  
,mrs4 ,dacre1 had transformed herself   
into a nun-like damsel1 something       
between a ,sister of ,charity and a     
,quakeress in exterior3 perhaps ,mr4    
,dacre read the interior too well2 and1 
notwithstanding the lady's assiduous    
visits to the poor1 and attendance on   
the charity-schools1 and regular loud   
devotions at church1 ,mr4 ,dacre        
remained obdurate and wedded to         
celibacy4 ,it might be that he          
disapproved of the marriage of the      
clergy1 but ,i think he was at one time 
vulnerable on that point4  ,how         
delighted ,i was to see him once more1  
to hear him call me his wise little     
friend1 with his former sweet smile and 
affectionate manner2 six years had      
changed him--he looked rather careworn1 

and well he might1 for he was a true    
worker in the ,lord's vineyard3 nor was 
his mission confined to the poor2 the   
rich and noble also felt his influence4 
,lord and ,lady ,treherne greeted him as
 an old and valued friend2 nor could ,i 
detect the slightest agitation in       
,gabrielle's manner1 and my former      
suspicions almost faded away4 ,she      
brought our fair ,ella to welcome papa  
and mamma's friend to ,treherne2 and    
,ella1 with her winning1 gentle ways1   
soon made ,mr4 ,dacre understand that   
she loved him very much indeed3 she was 
a holy child1 and the principal joy of  
her innocent life was to hear me tell   
her those stories in which ,i used to   
take delight in my early days--how      
contrasted to hers6 ,she would sing her 
pretty hymns1 seated on a low footstool 
at ,lord ,treherne's feet2 and the      
stately nobleman1 with tears in his     
eyes1 used to exclaim with pathos1      
,sister ,ruth1 sister ,ruth1 my heart   
misgives me2 the angels surely will take

 this child to themselves1 and leave us 
desolate4  ,mr4 ,dacre came not         
frequently to ,treherne1 but he was a   
quick observer1 and he saw we had set up
 an idol for ourselves in this child1 he
 cautioned us1 but ,gabrielle           
shivered--yes1 shivered with dismay1 at 
the bare suggestion he hinted at--that  
,god was a jealous ,god1 and permitted  
no idolatrous worship to pass           
unreproved4  ,poor young mother1 how can
 ,i relate the scenes ,i lived to       
witness6  ,ella died1 aged ten years4   
,the mother sat by her coffin four days 
and nights1 speechless and still2 we    
dared not attempt to remove her1 there  
way an alarming expression in her eyes  
if we did1 that made the medical men    
uncertain how to act4 ,she had tasted no
 food since the child died2 she was     
hopeful to the last3 it was impossible1 
she said1 that her child could die2 her 
faculties could not comprehend the      
immensity of the anguish in store for   
her4 ,so there she sat like stone--cold1

 and silent1 and wan1 as the effigy she 
watched4 ,who dared to awaken the       
mother8  ,mr4 ,dacre undertook the awful
 task1 but it was almost too much for   
his tender1 sympathizing heart2 nerved  
by strength from above he came to       
us--for ,i never left my sister--and we 
three were alone with the dead4  ,it    
harrows my soul to dwell on this        
subject1 and it seemed cruel to awaken  
the benumbed mother to reality and life 
again1 but it was done2 and then words  
were spoken far too solemn and sacred to
 repeat here1 and hearts were opened    
that otherwise might have remained      
sealed till the judgment day4           
,gabrielle1 for the first time in her   
life1 knew herself as she was2 and1     
prostrate beside her dead child1 cried1 
,i have deserved thy chastening rod1 for
 thou art the ,lord1 and ,i thy         
creature2 deal with me as thou seest    
best4 ,pride abased1 hope crushed1 heart
 contrite and broken1 never1 never had  
,gabrielle been so dear to me2 and      

during many weeks that ,i watched beside
 her couch1 as she fluctuated between   
life and death1 ,i knew that1 she was an
 altered being1 and that this bitter1   
affliction had not been sent in vain4   
,she came gently home to ,god1 and      
humbly knelt a suppliant at the         
mercy-throne1 forever crying1  ,thou art
 wisest6 ,thou art best6 ,thou1 alone   
knowest what is good for us6 ,thy will  
be done6  ,the blow had fallen heavily  
on ,lord ,treherne1 but for two years my
 sister lived to bless and comfort him2 
then it became evident to all that the  
mother was about to rejoin her child in 
the mansions of the blessed4 ,she       
expressed a wish that ,mr4 ,dacre should
 read the funeral service over her1 and 
he administered the last blessed        
consolations to her departing spirit2 no
 remnants of mortal weakness lurked in  
his heart as he stood beside the dying1 
for he knew that in this world they were
 as pilgrims and strangers1 but in that 
to which ,gabrielle was hastening they  

would be reunited in glory--no more     
partings1 no more tears4 ,she died      
calmly1 with her hands clasped in ,lord 
,treherne's and mine2 while ,mr4 ,dacre 
knelt absorbed in prayer she passed     
away1 and we looked on each other in    
speechless sorrow1 and then on what had 
been my young and beautiful sister4  ,of
 my own deep grief and lacerated heart  
,i will not speak2 ,lord ,treherne      
required all my care and attention1 nor 
would he hear of my quitting            
him--indeed1 he could scarcely bear me  
to be out of his sight2 the heavy       
infirmities of advanced years had       
suddenly increased since his double     
bereavement1 and ,i felt very grateful  
that to my humble efforts he owed any   
glimpse of sunshine4  ,he was a severe  
bodily sufferer for many years1 but     
affliction was not sent in vain1 for    
,lord ,treherne became perfectly        
prepared for the awful change awaiting  
him1 trusting in ,his merits alone4     
,those were blessed hours when ,mr4     

,dacre spoke to him of the dear         
departed1 who had only journeyed on     
before--of ,god's ways in bringing us to
 ,himself1 chastening pride and         
self-reliance1 and tolerating no idol   
worship4 ,lord ,treherne1 with lavish   
generosity1 made an ample provision for 
his wise little ,ruth1 as he ever       
smilingly called me to the last4 ,he    
died peacefully1 and the ,abbey came    
into the possession of a distant branch 
of the ,treherne family4  ,wood ,end    
,cottage was vacant1 and ,i purchased   
it2 and assisted by ,mr4 ,dacre in the  
labor of love for our blessed ,master1  
life has not passed idly1 and1 ,i humbly
 trust1 not entirely without being of   
use in my generation4 ,previous to his  
decease1 ,lord ,treherne caused a       
splendid monument to be erected in ,wood
 ,end church to the memory of           
,gabrielle1 and ,ella his adopted       
daughter3 the spotless marble is        
exquisitely wrought1 the mother and     
child reposing side-by-side as if       

asleep1 with their hands meekly folded  
on their breasts1 and their eyes closed1
 as if weary--weary4  ,the last fading  
hues of sunset1 which so often rested on
 ,gabrielle's form as she knelt in her  
widowhood beneath the monumental glories
 of the ,trehernes1 now illumines the   
sculptured stone1 which mysteriously    
hints of hidden things--corruption and  
the worm4  ,i love to kneel in the house
 of prayer where ,gabrielle knelt3 dim  
voices haunt me from the past3 my place 
is prepared among the green grass       
mounds1 for no tablet or record shall   
mark the spot where ,ruth the cripple   
reposes1 sweetly slumbering with the sod
 on her bosom1 dust to dust4     ,,the  
,,waste ,,of ,,war4       ,give me the  
gold that war has cost1       ,before   
this peace-expanding day2     ,the      
wasted skill1 the labor lost--          
,the mental treasure thrown away2       
,and ,i will buy each rood of soil      
,in every yet discovered land2          
,where hunters roam1 where peasants     

toil1       ,where many-peopled cities  
stand4      ,i'll clothe each shivering 
wretch on earth4       ,in needful2 nay1
 in brave attire2     ,vesture befitting
 banquet mirth1       ,which kings might
 envy and admire4     ,in every vale1 on
 every plain1       ,a school shall glad
 the gazer's sight2     ,where every    
poor man's child may gain       ,pure   
knowledge1 free as air and light4       
,i'll build asylums for the poor1       
,by age or ailment made forlorn3        
,and none shall thrust them from the    
door1       ,or sting with looks and    
words of scorn4     ,i'll link each     
alien hemisphere2       ,help honest men
 to conquer wrong2     ,art1 ,science1  
,labor1 nerve and cheer2       ,reward  
the ,poet for his song4      ,in every  
crowded town shall rise       ,halls    
,academic1 amply graced2     ,where     
,ignorance may soon be wise1       ,and 
,coarseness learn both art and taste    
,to every province shall belong         
,collegiate structures1 and not few--   

,fill'd with a truth-exploring throng1  
,and teachers of the good and true4     
,in every free and peopled clime        
,a vast ,walhalla hall shall stand2     
,a marble edifice sublime1       ,for   
the illustrious of the land2     ,a     
,pantheon for the truly great1          
,the wise1 beneficent1 and just2     ,a 
place of wide and lofty state       ,to 
honor or to hold their dust4      ,a    
temple to attract and teach       ,shall
 lift its spire on every hill1          
,where pious men shall feel and preach  
,peace1 mercy1 tolerance1 good-will2    
,music of bells on ,sabbath days1       
,round the whole earth shall gladly     
rise2     ,and one great ,christian song
 of praise       ,stream sweetly upward 
to the skies6     ,a ,,night ,,with ,,an
 ,,earthquake4#f   ,the sound had not   
quite died away1 when the feet ,i stood 
on seemed suddenly seized with the      
cramp4 ,cup and coffee-pot dropped as   
dead from ,don ,marzio's hand as the    
ball from ,st4 ,francis's palm4 ,there  

was a rush as if of many waters1 and for
 about ten seconds my head was          
overwhelmed by awful dizziness1 which   
numbed and paralyzed all sensation4 ,don
 ,marzio1 in form an athlete1 in heart a
 lion1 but a man of sudden1 sanguine    
temperament1 bustled up and darted out  
of the room with the ease of a man never
 burdened with a wife1 with kith or kin4
 ,donna ,betta1 a portly matron1 also   
rose instinctively2 but ,i--,i never    
could account for the odd freak--laid   
hold of her arm1 bidding her stay4 ,the 
roar of eight hundred houses--or how    
many more can there be in ,aquila8--all 
reeling and quaking1 the yells of ten   
thousand voices in sudden agony1 had    
wholly subsided ere ,i allowed the poor 
woman calmly and majestically to waddle 
up to her good man in the garden4 ,that1
 ,i suppose1 was my notion of an orderly
 retreat4 ,rosalbina had flown from a   
window into the lawn1 like a bird4      
,thank ,god1 we found ourselves all in  
the open air under the broad canopy of  

heaven4 ,we began to count heads4 ,yes1 
there we all stood--cook1 laundry-maid1 
dairy-maids1 stable-boys1 all as        
obedient to the awful summons as the    
best disciplined troops at the first    
roll of the drum4  ,it was ,february1 as
 ,i have twice observed2 and we were in 
the heart of the highest ,apennines4    
,the day was rather fine1 but pinching  
cold2 and when the fever of the first   
terror abated1 the lady and young lady  
began to shiver in every limb4 ,no one  
dared to break silence2 but ,don        
,marzio's eye wandered significantly    
enough from one to another countenance  
in that awe-stricken group4 ,there was  
no mistaking his appeal4 ,yet1 one after
 another1 his menials and laborers      
returned his gaze with well-acted       
perplexity4 ,no one so dull of          
apprehension as those who will not      
understand4 ,my good friends1 ,i was    
three-and-twenty4 ,i had had my trials1 
and could boast of pretty narrow        
escapes4 ,i may have been reckless1     

perhaps1 in my day4 ,i smiled dimly1    
nodded to the old gentleman1 clapped my 
hands cheerily1 and the next moment was 
once more where no man in ,aquila would 
at that moment have liked to be for the 
world--under a roof4 ,i made a huge     
armful of cloaks and blankets1 snapped  
up every rag with all the haste of a    
marauding party1 and moved toward the   
door1 tottering under the encumbrance4  
,but now the dreadful crisis was at     
hand4  ,earthquakes1 it is well known1  
proceed by action and re-action4 ,the   
second shock1 ,i was aware1 must be     
imminent4 ,i had just touched the       
threshold1 and stood under the porch1   
when that curious spasmodic sensation   
once more stiffened every muscle in my  
limbs4 ,presently ,i felt myself lifted 
up from the ground4 ,i was now under the
 portico1 and was hurled against the    
pillar on my right2 the rebound again   
drove me to the post on the opposite    
side2 and after being thus repeatedly   
tossed and buffeted from right to left  

like a shuttlecock1 ,i was thrust down1 
outward1 on the ground on my head1 with 
all that bundle of rags1 having tumbled 
head-long the whole range of the four   
marble steps of entrance4 ,the harm1    
however1 was not so great as the fright2
 and1 thanks to my gallant devotion1 the
 whole party were wrapped and blanketed1
 till they looked like a party of wild  
,indians2 we stood now on comparatively 
firm ground1 and had leisure to look    
about us4 ,don ,marzio's garden was open
 and spacious1 being bounded on three   
sides by the half-crumbling wall of the 
town4 ,on the fourth side was the       
house--a good1 substantial fabric1 but  
now miserably shaky and rickety4 ,close 
by the house was the chapel of the      
,ursuline convent1 and above that its   
slender spire rose chaste and stainless1
 pointing the way to heaven4 ,any       
rational being might have deemed himself
 sufficiently removed from brick and    
mortar1 and1 in so far1 out of harm's   
way4 ,not so ,don ,marzio4 ,he pointed  

to the shadow of that spire1 which1 in  
the pale wintry sunset1 stretched all   
the way across his garden1 and by a     
strange perversion of judgment1 he      
contended that so far as the shadow     
extended1 there might also the body that
 cast it reach in its fall1 for fall it 
obviously must2 and as the danger was   
pressing1 he deemed it unwise to discuss
 which of the four cardinal points the  
tower might feel a leaning toward1      
whenever1 under the impulse of the      
subterranean scourge1 it would look     
around and choose its ground4 ,don      
,marzio was gifted with animal courage1 
and even nerve1 proportionate to the    
might of his stalwart frame4 ,but then  
his was merely a combative spirit4      
,thews and sinews were of no avail in   
the case4 ,the garden was no breathing  
ground for him1 and he resolved upon    
prompt emigration4  ,the people of      
,aquila1 as indeed you may well know1 of
 most towns in ,southern ,italy1 have   
the habit of--consequently a peculiar   

talent for--earthquakes4 ,they know how 
to deal with them1 and are seldom caught
 unprepared4 ,two hundred yards outside 
the town gate1 there is half a square   
mile of table-land on the summit of a   
hill--a market-place in days of ease1 a 
harbor of refuge in the urgency of      
peril4 ,from the first dropping of the  
earth-ball from the hand of their       
guardian saint1 the most far-sighted    
among the inhabitants had been busy     
pitching their tents4 ,the whole        
population--those1 that is1 who had     
escaped unscathed by flying tiles and   
chimney-pots--were now swarming there1  
pulling1 pushing1 hauling1 and hammering
 away for very life3 with women         
fainting1 children screeching1          
,capuchins preaching4 ,it was like a    
little rehearsal of doomsday4 ,don      
,marzio1 a prudent housekeeper1 had the 
latch-key of a private door at the back 
of the garden4 ,he threw it open--not   
without a misgiving at the moss-grown   
wall overhead4 ,that night the very     

stars did not seem to him sufficiently  
firm-nailed to the firmament6 ,his      
family and dependents trooped after him1
 eager to follow4 ,rosalbina looked     
back--at one who was left behind4 ,don  
,marzio felt he owed me at least one    
word of leave-taking4 ,he hemmed twice1 
came back two steps1 and gave me a      
feverish shake of the hand4  ,i am      
heartily sorry for you1 my boy1 he      
cried4 ,a fuoruscito1 as ,i may say1 a  
bird-in-the-bush--you dare not show your
 nose outside the door4 ,you would not  
compromise yourself alone1 you know1 but
 all of us and our friends2 we must     
leave you--safe enough here1 ,i dare    
say1 with a stolen glance at the        
,ursuline spire1 but--you               
see--imperative duties--head of a       
family--take care of the females--and   
so1 ,god bless you6  ,with this he left 
me there1 under the deadly shade of the 
steeple--deadlier to him than the       
upas-tree2 ordered his little household 
band out1 and away they filed1 one by   

one1 the head of the family manfully    
closing the rear4444  ,i was            
alone--alone with the earthquake4444    
,there was a wood-cellar in one of the  
out-houses1 access to which was easy and
 safe4 ,one of my host's domestics had  
slipped flint and steel into my hands4  
,in less than half-an-hour's time1 a    
cheerful fire was crackling before me4  
,i drew forth an old lumbering arm-chair
 from the wood-cellar1 together with my 
provision of fuel4 ,i shrouded myself in
 the ample folds of one of ,don         
,marzio's riding-cloaks2 ,i sat with    
folded arms1 my eyes riveted on the     
rising blaze1 summoning all my spirits  
round my heart1 and bidding it to bear  
up4 ,the sun had long set1 and the last 
gleam of a sickly twilight rapidly      
faded4 ,a keen1 damp1 north-east wind   
swept over the earth2 thin1 black1      
ragged clouds flitted before it1 like   
uneasy ghosts4 ,a stray star twinkled   
here and there in the firmament1 and the
 sickle-shaped moon hung in the west4   

,but the light of those pale luminaries 
was wan and fitful4 ,they seemed to be  
aware of the hopelessness of their      
struggle1 and to mourn in anticipation  
of the moment when they should faint in 
fight1 and unrelieved darkness should   
lord it over the fields of the heavens4 
,the town of ,aquila1 or the ,eagle1 as 
the natives name it1 is perched1        
eagle-like1 on the brow of an abrupt    
cliff in the bosom of the loftiest      
,apennines4 ,monte ,reale1 ,monte       
,velino1 and the giant of the whole     
chain1 the ,gran ,sasso d',italia1 look 
down upon it from their exalted thrones4
 ,within the shelter of that massive    
armor1 the town might well seem         
invulnerable to time and man4 ,but now1 
as ,i gazed despondingly round1 the very
 hills everlasting seemed rocking from  
their foundation1 and their crests      
nodding to destruction4 ,which of those 
mighty peaks was to open the fire of    
hell's artillery upon us8 ,was not ,etna
 once as still and dark as yonder great 

rock8 and yet it now glares by night    
with its ominous beacon1 and cities and 
kingdoms have been swept away at its    
base4  ,two hours passed away in gloomy 
meditation4 ,the whole town was a       
desert4 ,the camp meeting of the        
unhoused ,aquilani was held somewhere in
 the distance3 its confused murmur      
reached me not4 ,only my neighbors1 the 
,ursuline nuns1 were up and awake4 ,with
 shrinking delicacy1 dreading the look  
and touch of the profane even more than 
the walls of their prison-house1 they   
had stood their ground with the heroism 
of true faith1 and reared their         
temporary asylum under their            
vine-canopied bowers1 within the shade  
of the cloisters4 ,a high garden-wall   
alone separated me from the holy        
virgins4 ,they were watching and        
kneeling4 ,every note from their silver 
voices sank deep in my heart1 and       
impressed me with something of that     
pious confidence1 of that imploring     
fervor1 with which they addressed their 

guardian angels and saints4 ,two hours  
had passed4 ,the awfulness of prevailing
 tranquillity1 the genial warmth of my  
fire1 and the sweet monotony of that    
low1 mournful chanting1 were by degrees 
gliding into my troubled senses1 and    
lulling them into a treacherous         
security4 ,just so1 ,i reasoned1 shock  
and countershock4 ,the terrible scourge 
has by this time exhausted its strength4
 ,it was only a farce1 after all4 ,much 
ado about nothing4 ,the people of this  
town have become so familiar with the   
earthquake that they make a carnival of 
it4 ,by this time they are perhaps      
feasting and rioting under their booths4
 ,ho6 am ,i the only craven here8 ,and  
had ,i not my desire8 ,am ,i not now on 
speaking terms with an earthquake8      
,again my words conjured up the waking  
enemy4 ,a low1 hollow1 rumbling noise1  
as if from many hundred miles' distance1
 was heard coming rapidly onward along  
the whole line of the ,apennines4 ,it   
reached us1 it seemed to stop underneath

 our feet1 and suddenly changing its    
horizontal for a vertical direction1 it 
burst upward4 ,the whole earth heaved   
with a sudden pang2 it then gave a      
backward bound1 even as a vessel        
shipping a sea4 ,the motion then became 
undulatory1 and spread far and wide as  
the report of a cannon1 awakening every 
echo in the mountain4 ,there was a      
rattle and clatter in the town1 as if of
 a thousand wagons shooting down paving 
stones4 ,the ,ursuline steeple waved in 
the air like a reed vexed by the blast4 
,the chair ,i stood on was all but      
capsized1 and the fire at my feet was   
overthrown4 ,the very vault of heaven   
swung to and fro1 ebbing and heaving    
with the general convulsion4 ,the       
doleful psalmody in the neighboring     
ground broke abruptly4 ,the chorus of   
many feminine voices sent forth but one 
rending shriek4 ,the clamor of thousands
 of the town-folk from their encampment 
gave its wakeful response4 ,then the    
dead silence of consternation ensued4 ,i

 picked up every stick and brand that   
had been scattered about1 steadied      
myself in my chair1 and hung down my    
head4 ,these black hounds1 ,i mused1    
hunt in couples4 ,now for the           
repercussion4  ,i had not many minutes  
to wait4 ,again the iron-hoofed steeds  
and heavy wheels of the state chariot of
 the prince of darkness were heard      
tramping and rattling in their course4  
,once more the subterranean avalanche   
gathered and burst4 ,once more the      
ground beneath throbbed and heaved as if
 with rending travail4 ,once more heaven
 and earth seemed to yearn to each      
other2 and the embers of my watch-fire  
were cast upward and strewn asunder4 ,it
 was an awful long winter night4 ,the   
same sable clouds rioting in the sky1   
the same cruel wind moaning angrily     
through the chinks and crevices of many 
a shattered edifice4 ,solitude1 the     
chillness of night1 and the vagueness1  
even more than the inevitableness1 of   
the danger1 wrought fearfully on my     

exhausted frame4 ,stupor and lethargy   
soon followed these brief moments of    
speechless excitement4 ,bewildered      
imagination peopled the air with vague1 
unutterable terrors4 ,legions of        
phantoms sported on those misshapen     
clouds4 ,the clash of a thousand swords 
was borne on the wind4 ,tongues of      
living flame danced and quivered in     
every direction4 ,the firmament seemed  
all burning with them4 ,i saw myself    
alone1 helpless1 hopeless1 the miserable
 butt of all the rage of warring        
elements4 ,it was an uncomfortable      
night4 ,ten and twelve times was the    
dreadful visitation reproduced between  
sunset and sunrise1 and every shock     
found me more utterly unnerved2 and the 
sullen1 silent resignation with which ,i
 recomposed and trimmed my fire had     
something in it consummately abject1 by 
the side of the doleful accents with    
which the poor half-hoarse nuns1 my     
neighbors1 called on their blessed      
,virgin for protection4  ,the breaking  

morn found me utterly prostrated2 and   
when ,don ,marzio's servants had so far 
recovered from their panic as to intrude
 upon my solitude1 and offer their      
services for the erection of my tent in 
the garden1 ,i had hardly breath enough 
left to welcome them4 ,under that tent  
,i passed days and nights during all the
 remainder of ,february4 ,the shocks1   
though diminished in strength1 almost   
nightly roused us from our rest4 ,but   
the people of ,aquila soon learned to   
despise them4 ,by one1 by two1 by three 
they sought the threshold of their      
dismantled homes4 ,last of all1 ,don    
,marzio folded his tent4 ,his fears     
having1 finally1 so far given way1 as to
 allow him to think of something beside 
himself1 he exerted himself to free me  
from confinement4 ,he furnished me with 
faithful guides1 by whose aid ,i reached
 the sea-coast4 ,here a ,maltese vessel 
was waiting to waft me to a land of     
freedom and security4 ,i can tell you1  
my friends1 that from that time ,i was  

cured forever of all curiosity about    
earthquakes4  ,,footnotes3  #f ,from a  
work entitled ,scenes of ,italian ,life1
 by ,l4 ,mariotti1 just published in    
,london4     ,a ,,plea ,,for ,,british  
,,reptiles4   ,what the flourishing     
tradesman writes with pride over his    
shop1 we might in most cases write over 
our storehouse of                       
antipathies--established in #agbj1 or   
#agea4 ,for what good reason we1 in     
#ahea1 should shudder at the contact of 
a spider1 or loathe toads1 it would be  
hard to say4 ,our forefathers in their  
ignorance did certainly traduce the     
characters of many innocent and         
interesting animals1 and many of us now 
believe some portions of their scandal4 
,to be a reptile1 for example1 is       
perhaps the greatest disgrace that can  
attach to any animal in our eyes4       
,reptile passes for about the worst name
 you can call a man4 ,this is unjust--at
 any rate1 in ,england4 ,we have no     
thought of patting crocodiles under the 

chin1 or of embracing boa constrictors2 
but for our ,english reptiles we claim  
good words and good-will4 ,we beg to    
introduce here1 formally1 our           
unappreciated friends to any of our     
human friends who may not yet have      
cultivated their acquaintance4  ,the    
,common ,lizard--surely you know the    
,common ,lizard1 if not by his name of  
state--,zootoca vivipara4 ,he wears a   
brilliant jacket1 and you have made     
friends with him1 as a nimble1 graceful 
fellow2 as a bit of midsummer4 ,his very
 name reminds you of a warm bank in the 
country1 and a sunny day4 ,is he a      
reptile8 ,certainly2 suppose we stop two
 minutes to remember what a reptile is4 
,the heart of a reptile has three       
cavities2 that is to say1 it is not     
completely double1 like our own4 ,it    
sends only a small part of the blood    
which comes into it for renovation into 
the air-chambers--the lungs2 while the  
remainder circulates again unpurified4  
,that change made in the blood by       

contact with the oxygen of air1 is      
chiefly the cause of heat in animals4   
,aration1 therefore1 being in reptiles  
very partial1 the amount of heat evolved
 is small2 reptiles are therefore called
 cold-blooded4 ,they are unable to raise
 their heat above the temperature of the
 surrounding air4 ,fishes are           
cold-blooded1 through deficient aration 
in another way2 in them1 all the blood  
passes from the heart into the place    
where air shall come in contact with it2
 but1 then there is a limitation to the 
store of air supplied1 which can be no  
more than the quantity extracted from   
the water4 ,the temperature of water is 
maintained below the surface1 and we    
know how that of the air varies1 since a
 certain quantity of heat is necessary  
to the vital processes2 reptiles1       
depending upon air for heat1 hybernate  
or become torpid when the temperature   
falls below a certain point4 ,the       
rapidity of all their vital actions will
 depend upon the state of the           

thermometer2 they digest faster in the  
heat of summer than in the milder warmth
 of spring4 ,their secretions 7as the   
poison of the adder7 are in hot weather 
more copious1 and in winter are not     
formed at all4 ,the reptiles breathe1 in
 all cases1 by lungs2 but we must except
 here those called ,batrachians1 as     
frogs or newts1 which breathe1 in the   
first stage1 by gills1 and afterward by 
gills and lungs1 or by lungs only4 ,the 
,batrachians1 again1 are the only       
exception to another great              
characteristic of the reptile class1 the
 hard1 dry covering of plates or scales4
 ,the reptiles all produce their young  
from eggs1 or are oviparous--some hatch 
their eggs within the body1 and produce 
their young alive1 or are               
ovo-viviparous4 ,these are the          
characters belonging to all members of  
the reptile-class4 ,the class is        
subdivided into orders somewhat thus3   
#a4 ,the ,testudinate 7tortoises and    
turtles74 #b4 ,enaliosaurian 7all       

fossil1 the ,ichthyosaurus and his      
like74 #c4 ,loricate 7crocodiles and    
alligators74 #d4 ,saurian 7lizards74 #e4
 ,ophidian 7serpents72 and the last     
order1 ,batrachian 7frogs1 toads1 c472  
which is1 by some1 parted from the      
reptiles1 and established as another    
class4  ,now we have in ,england no     
tortoises or turtles1 and no crocodiles3
 and the fossil order is1 in all places1
 extinct2 so our reptiles can belong    
only to the three last-named orders1    
,lizards1 ,serpents1 and ,batrachians4  
,thus we come back1 then1 to our        
,lizards1 of which we have among us but 
two genera1 a single species of each4   
,these are the ,common ,lizard1 well    
known to us all1 and the ,sand ,lizard1 
known only to some of us who happen to  
live upon the southern coast4 ,the      
species of lizard so extremely common in
 this country1 has not been found in    
countries farther south1 and is1 in     
fact1 peculiar to our latitude4 ,we1    
therefore1 may love him as a sympathetic

 friend4 ,the sand lizard 7,lacerta     
agilis7 is found as far north as the    
country of ,linnus1 and as far south as 
the northern part of ,france2 in        
,england1 however1 it seems to be rare1 
and has been detected only in           
,dorsetshire--chiefly near ,poole1 or in
 some other southern counties4 ,it      
frequents sandy heaths1 and is of a     
brown sandy color1 marked and dotted2   
but there is a green variety said to be 
found among the verdure of marshy       
places4 ,it is larger than our common   
lizard1 averaging seven inches long1 is 
very timid1 and when made a prisoner    
pines and dies4 ,its female lays eggs1  
like a turtle1 in the sand1 covers them 
over1 and leaves them to be hatched by  
the summer sun4 ,this kind of lizard1   
therefore1 is oviparous4 ,the eggs of   
our common lizard are hatched also by   
the sun2 for1 reptiles having no heat of
 their own1 can not provide that which  
is necessary to the development of an   
embryo2 but in this case the sun hatches

 them within the parent's body4 ,the    
female of this lizard stretches herself 
out upon a sunny bank1 and lets the     
bright rays fall upon her body while she
 lies inactive4 ,at this period1 she    
will not move for any thing less than a 
real cause of alarm4 ,she is not sunning
 herself lazily1 however1 but fulfilling
 an ordinance of ,god4 ,the eggs break  
as the young lizards--three to six--are 
born4 ,this lizard is1 therefore1       
ovo-viviparous4 ,the little ones begin  
at once to run about1 and soon dart     
after insects1 their proper food2 but   
they accompany the mother with some     
instinct of affection for a little time4
 ,these lizards are very various in size
 and color2 difference in these respects
 does not denote difference in kind4    
,the little scales which cover them are 
arranged in a peculiar manner on the    
head1 under the neck1 c42 and some      
differences of arrangement1 in such     
respects1 are characteristic4 ,the best 
distinction between the only two species

 of lizard known in this country has    
been pointed out by ,mr4 ,bell4 ,in the 
hind legs1 under each thigh1 there is a 
row of openings1 each opening upon a    
single scale4 ,in sand lizards1 the     
opening is obviously smaller than the   
scale2 in our common lizards1 the       
opening is so comparatively large that  
the scale seems to be the mere edge of a
 tube around it4  ,these are our        
lizards1 then1 our ,saurian reptiles2   
and they do not merit any hate4 ,suffer 
an introduction now to ,english ,snakes4
  ,the first snake1 the ,blindworm1 is  
not a snake1 nor yet a worm4 ,it is a   
half-way animal--between a lizard and a 
snake4 ,the lizards shade off so        
insensibly into the snakes1 even the boa
 preserving rudimentary hind legs1 that 
some naturalists counsel their union    
into a single class of ,squamate1 or    
scaled reptiles4 ,by a milder process of
 arrangement1 all those animals which   
dwell upon the frontier ground between  
,lizards or ,saurians1 and ,ophidians or

 ,snakes1 are to be called              
,saurophidian4 ,the blindworm then1 is  
,saurophidian2 it is quite as much a    
lizard as a snake4 ,snakes have the     
bones of their head all movable1 so that
 their jaws can be dilated1 until1 like 
carpet-bags1 they swallow any thing4    
,the lizard has its jaws fixed2 so has  
the blindworm4 ,snakes have a long      
tongue1 split for some distance1 and    
made double-forked2 the blindworm's     
tongue has nothing but a little notch   
upon the tip4 ,it has a smooth round    
muzzle1 with which it can easily wind   
its way under dry soil to hybernate2 or 
else it takes a winter nap in any large 
heap of dead leaves4 ,it comes out early
 in the spring2 for it can bear more    
cold than reptiles generally like1 and  
it is found all over ,europe1 from      
,sweden to the south of ,italy4 ,it     
feeds upon worms1 slugs1 and insects4   
,like the snakes1 it gets a new coat as 
it grows1 and takes the old one off1 by 
hooking it to some fixed point1 and     

crawling from it1 so that the cast skin 
is dragged backward1 and turned inside  
out4 ,the slow-worm is of a dark gray   
color1 silvery1 and about a foot long on
 the average4 ,it is ovo-viviparous4 ,it
 is extremely gentle2 very rarely thinks
 of biting those who handle it1 and1    
when it does bite1 inflicts no wound    
with its little teeth4 ,of course it has
 no fangs and is not poisonous4         
,shrinking with fear when taken1 it     
contracts its body and so stiffens it   
that it will break if we strike or bend 
it4 ,therefore it bears the name ,linnus
 gave it--,anguis fragilis4  ,we have   
found nothing yet to shudder at among   
our reptiles4 ,o6 but1 you say perhaps1 
that was not a real snake4 ,well1 here  
is our real snake4 ,natrix torquata--our
 common ,ringed ,snake2 he is very      
common4 ,he may be three or four feet   
long1 and brownish-gray above1 with a   
green tinge1 yellow marks upon the neck1
 and rows of black spots down the back  
and sides1 alternating1 like ,london    

lamp-posts1 with each other4 ,you will  
find him any where in ,england1 almost  
any where in ,europe1 below the latitude
 of ,scotland4 ,you will find him most  
frequently in a moist place1 or near    
water1 for he is rather proud of himself
 as a swimmer4 ,he has a handsome coat1 
and gets a new one two1 three1 four1 or 
five times in a season1 if his growth   
require it4 ,when the new coat is quite 
hard and fit for use under the old1 he  
strips the old one off among the        
thorn-bushes4 ,he and his lady          
hybernate4 ,the lady leaves her sixteen 
or twenty eggs1 all glued together1 for 
the sun to vivify4 ,the snake's tongue1 
as we have said1 is forked1 the jaws    
dilatable2 he prefers frogs for his     
dinner1 but is satisfied with mice1 or  
little birds1 or lizards4 ,he swallows  
his prey whole4 ,catching it first1 as  
,mrs4 ,glasse would say1 between his    
teeth1 which are in double rows upon    
each jaw1 and directed backward that    
they may act more effectually1 he first 

brings the victim to a suitable         
position--head first he prefers1 then1  
leaving one set of teeth1 say the lower1
 fixed1 he advances the upper jaw1 fixes
 its teeth into the skin1 and leaves    
them there while he moves forward1 the  
lower jaw1 and so continues till the    
bird or frog is worked into his throat2 
it is then swallowed by the agency of   
other muscles4 ,this power of moving    
each jaw freely and in independence of  
the other1 is peculiar to ,ophidian     
reptiles4 ,the frog may reach the       
stomach both alive and active1 so that1 
if afterward1 the snake gapes1 as he is 
apt to do1 a frog has been seen to leap 
out again4 ,the processes of life are so
 slow in reptiles1 that one meal will   
not be digested by the snake for many   
days4 ,he is unable to digest vegetable 
matter4 ,our snake is very harmless1 and
 if kept and fed1 will quickly learn to 
recognize its patron1 will feed out of  
his hand1 and nestle up his sleeve2 but 
he shows a dread of strangers4  ,we have

 ,adders8 ,yes1 we have a               
,viper--,pelias ,berus is the name he   
goes by1 and his fangs are undeniable4  
,this is the only native reptile that   
can1 in any degree whatever1 hurt a man4
 ,it is common in ,england1 and1 unlike 
the snake1 prefers a dry place to a     
moist one4 ,adder and viper are two     
words applied to the same thing--adder  
being derived from the ,saxon word for  
nether1 and viper from viviper2 because 
this reptile1 like our common lizard1   
hatches her eggs within the body1 or is 
viviparous4 ,our viper is found all over
 ,europe2 not in ,ireland4 ,as for      
,ireland1 it is an old boast with the   
,irish that ,saint ,patrick banned away 
all reptiles4 ,the paucity of reptiles  
in ,ireland is remarkable1 but they are 
not altogether absent4 ,our common      
lizard has a large ,irish connection1   
and frogs were introduced into ,ireland 
years ago4 ,their spawn was taken over1 
put into water1 throve1 and thereafter  
frogs have multiplied4 ,an attempt was  

also made to introduce our common snake1
 but the country-people1 with great     
horror1 killed the inlopers2 a reward   
even was offered for one that was known 
to remain uncaptured4 ,ireland is free  
from adders4  ,the most ready           
distinction between a common snake and  
an adder1 to unfamiliar eyes1 is founded
 on the difference of marking4 ,while   
the snake has separate alternate spots1 
the adder has1 down its back1 a chain of
 dark spots1 irregularly square1 and    
joined to one another4 ,adders are      
generally brown1 but differ very much in
 color4 ,they have on their upper jaw1  
instead of their lower1 a row of teeth1 
the well-known fangs4 ,these are long1  
curved teeth1 fixed into a movable piece
 of bone1 and hollow4 ,the hollow is not
 made out of the substance of the tooth2
 it is as if a broad flat tooth had been
 bent round upon itself to form a tube4 
,the tube is open below and behind1 in  
the curve1 by a little slit4 ,above1 it 
is open1 and rests upon a tiny bag      

connected with a gland that corresponds 
to a gland in man for the secretion of  
saliva2 but which1 in the present case1 
secretes a poison4 ,the fang1 when out  
of use1 is bent and hidden in a fleshy  
case2 in feeding1 it is rarely used4    
,the viper catches for himself his birds
 or mice1 after the manner of a harmless
 serpent4 ,but1 when hurt or angered1 he
 throws back his neck1 drops his fang   
ready for service1 bites1 and withdraws 
his head immediately4 ,the fang in      
penetrating1 of necessity1 was pressed  
upon the little bag of poison at its    
root1 and forced a drop along the tube  
into the wound4 ,after a few bites1 the 
bag becomes exhausted1 and the adder    
must wait for a fresh secretion4 ,the   
poison has no taste or smell1 and may be
 swallowed with impunity1 if there be no
 raw surface in the mouth1 or sore upon 
the throat1 or in the stomach4 ,it is   
only through a wound that it can act    
like poison4 ,the bite of an adder in   
this country never yet proved fatal2    

but1 according to the health of the     
person bitten1 and according to the     
greater or less heat of the weather 7for
 in very hot weather a more active      
poison is secreted71 the wound made will
 be more or less severe4 ,it is         
advisable to get out of an adder's way4 
,all the remaining reptiles in this     
country are two species of ,frog1 two   
species of ,toad1 and four ,newts4 ,they
 are not only most absolutely harmless1 
but1 the frogs1 at any rate1 and toads1 
are ministers to man2 and they belong to
 a class of animals more interesting    
than any other1 perhaps1 in the whole   
range of natural history4 ,we are all   
well acquainted with the common frog1   
whose grander name is ,rana temporaria4 
,we see it--and it is to be feared some 
of us kill it--in our gardens1 among    
strawberry-beds and damp vegetation4    
,but1 whereas frogs feed upon those     
slugs and insects which are in the habit
 of pasturing upon our plants1 and are  
themselves indebted to us for not a     

grain of vegetable matter1 we ought by  
all means to be grateful to them4 ,so   
industrious are frogs in slug-hunting1  
that it would be quite worth while to   
introduce them as sub-gardeners upon our
 flower-beds4 ,in catching insects1 the 
frog suddenly darts out his tongue1     
which1 at the hinder part1 is loose1 and
 covered with a gummy matter4 ,the      
insect is caught1 and the tongue        
returned with wonderful rapidity4 ,the  
frog1 when it is first hatched1 has the 
constitution of a fish3 it is purely    
aquatic2 has a fish's heart1 a fish's   
circulation1 and a fish's gills4 ,the   
tadpole swims as a fish does--by the    
movement1 side-ways1 of its tail4 ,for  
the unassisted eye1 and still more for  
the microscope1 what spectacle can be   
more marvelous than the gradual process 
of change by which this tiny fish       
becomes a reptile8 ,legs bud2 the       
fish-like gills dwindle by a vital      
process of absorption2 the fish-like    
air-bladder becomes transmuted1 as by a 

miracle1 into the celled structure of   
lungs2 the tail grows daily shorter1 not
 broken off1 but absorbed2 the heart    
adds to its cells2 the fish becomes a   
reptile as the tadpole changes to a     
frog4 ,the same process we observe in   
toads2 and it is also the same in our   
newts1 excepting that in newts the tail 
remains4 ,there is no parallel in nature
 to this marvelous and instructive      
metamorphosis4  ,the perfectly-formed   
frog does not live of necessity in      
water1 or near it1 but requires damp air
 occasionally4 ,it breathes by lungs1 as
 we have said2 but1 as it has no ribs1  
there is no chest to heave mechanically4
 ,the frog's air has to be swallowed1 to
 be gulped down into the lungs4 ,that is
 not possible unless the mouth is shut2 
and1 therefore1 as we might suffocate a 
man by keeping his mouth shut1 so we    
should suffocate a frog by keeping his  
mouth open4 ,yet we should not suffocate
 him instantly2 we should disable the   
lungs2 but1 in this class of animals the

 whole skin is a breathing surface4 ,a  
frog has lived a month after his lungs  
had been extracted4 ,all respiratory    
surfaces1 like the inside of our own    
lungs1 can act only when they are       
relaxed and moist4 ,that is the reason  
why a frog's skin is always moist1 and  
why a frog requires moist air4 ,it does 
not need this constantly1 because1 when 
moisture is abundant1 there is a bag in 
which it stores up superfluity of water1
 to be used in any day of need4 ,it is  
this water--pure and clear--which frogs 
or toads expel when they are alarmed by 
being handled4 ,is not enough said here1
 to rescue frogs from our contempt8 ,we 
may add1 that they are capable of       
understanding kindness--can be tamed4   
,frogs hybernate under the mud of ponds1
 where they lie close together1 in a    
stratum1 till the spring awakens them to
 a renewal of their lives and loves4    
,they lay a vast number of eggs1 at the 
bottom of the water2 and the multitudes 
of young frogs that swarm upon the shore

 when their transformation is2 complete1
 has given rise to many legends of a    
shower of frogs4 ,these multitudes      
provide food for many animals1 serpents1
 as we have seen1 birds1 fish4 ,and the 
survivors are our friends4  ,the other  
species of frog found in this country is
 the ,edible ,frog 7,rana esculenta74   
,it has for a long time had a colony in 
,foulmire ,fen1 in ,cambridgeshire1     
although properly belonging to a        
continental race4 ,it differs from our  
common frog in wanting a dark mark that 
runs from eye to shoulder1 and in       
having1 instead of it1 a light mark--a  
streak--from head to tail along the     
centre of the back4 ,the male is a more 
portentous croaker than our own familiar
 musicians1 by virtue of an air-bladder 
on each cheek1 into which air is forced1
 and in which it vibrates powerfully    
during the act of croaking4 ,this kind  
of frog is always in or near the water1 
and being very timid1 plunges out of    
sight if any one approaches4  ,these are

 our frogs2 as for our two ,toads1 they 
are by no means less innocent4 ,they are
 the ,common ,toad1 by style and title  
,bufo vulgaris1 and a variety of the    
,natter ,jack ,toad1 to be found on     
,blackheath1 and in many places about   
,london1 and elsewhere4 ,the toad       
undergoes transformations like the frog4
 ,it is slower in its movements1 and    
less handsome in appearance3 similar in 
structure4 ,there is a somewhat         
unpleasant secretion from its skin1 a   
product of respiration4 ,there is       
nothing about it in the faintest degree 
poisonous4 ,it is remarkably sensible of
 kindness2 more so than the frog4       
,examples of tame toads are not         
uncommon4 ,stories are told of the      
discovery of toads alive1 in blocks of  
marble1 where no air could be2 but1     
there has been difficulty1 hitherto1 in 
finding one such example free from the  
possibility of error4 ,it may be found1 
however1 that toads can remain for a    
series of years torpid4 ,it has been    

proved that snails1 after apparent death
 of fifteen years1 have become active on
 applying moisture4 ,a proof equally    
distinct is at present wanting in the   
case of toads4 ,the toad1 like other    
reptiles1 will occasionally cast its    
skin4 ,the old skin splits along the    
back1 and gradually parts1 until it     
comes off on each side1 with a little   
muscular exertion on the toad's part4   
,then1 having rolled his jacket up into 
a ball1 he eats it6  ,no reptiles remain
 now to be mentioned1 but four species  
of ,newt4 ,these little creatures are   
abundant in our ponds and ditches1 and  
some are most falsely accused of being  
poisonous4 ,they are utterly harmless4  
,their transformations1 their habits1   
their changes of skin1 their laying of  
eggs1 can easily be watched by any who  
will keep them in a miniature pond4 ,a  
large pan of water1 with sand and stones
 at the bottom1 decayed vegetable matter
 for food1 and a few living             
water-plants1 extracted from their      

native place1 will keep a dozen newts in
 comfort4 ,the water-plants are needed1 
because a newt prefers to lay her egg   
upon a leaf4 ,she stands upon it1 curls 
it up with her hind legs1 and puts an   
egg between the fold1 where it remains  
glued4 ,these being our reptiles1 are   
they proper objects of abhorrence8 ,at  
this season they are all finishing their
 winter nap4 ,in a few weeks they will  
come among us1 and then1 when           
the songs1 the stirring air1       ,the 
life re-orient out of dust1       ,cry  
through the sense to hearten trust      
,in that which made the world so fair-- 
may we not permit our hearts to be      
admonished by the reptiles also8        
,from ,leigh ,hunt's ,journal4  ,a      
,,dream1 ,,and ,,the ,,interpretation   
,,thereof4   ,they stood by her         
bedside--the father and mother of the   
maiden--and watched her slumbers4 ,for  
she had returned weary from ,seville1   
after a long absence from this her      
,lisbon home4 ,they had not gazed on    

that fair innocent face for many a month
 past2 and they1 too1 smiled1 and       
pressed each the other's hand as they   
marked a radiant smile playing round the
 mouth of the sleeper4 ,it was a smile  
brimful of happiness--the welling-up of 
a heart at perfect peace4 ,and it       
brought gladness to the hearts of the   
parents1 who-would fain have kissed the 
cheek of their gentle girl1 but         
refrained1 lest it should break the     
spell--lest even a father's and a       
mother's kiss should dull the           
blessedness of the dreamer4 ,so sleep   
on1 ,luise6 and smile ever as thou      
sleepest--though it be the sleep of     
death4  ,these people were poor in      
worldly goods1 but rich in the things of
 home and heart4 ,luise1 the first-born1
 had been staying with a ,spanish       
relative1 who had taken charge of her   
education1 and had now come back to her 
native ,lisbon for good4 ,three younger 
children there were--blithe1            
affectionate prattlers--whose glee at   

the recovery of ,luise had been so      
exuberant1 so boisterous1 that they were
 now sent to play in the neighboring    
vineyards1 that they might not disturb  
their tired sister's repose4  ,long     
played that smile upon her face2 and    
never were the two gazers tired of      
gazing1 and of smiling as they gazed4   
,luise1 they thought1 had seemed a      
little sad as well as weary when she    
alighted at the dear familiar door4 ,but
 this smile was so full of joy          
unspeakable1 so fraught with beatific   
meaning1 so reflective of beatific      
vision1 that it laughed their fears     
away1 and spoke volumes where the       
seeming sorrow had not spoken even      
words4  ,the shrill song of a           
mule-driver passing by the window       
aroused the sleeper4 ,the smile         
vanished1 and as she started up and     
looked hastily and inquiringly around1 a
 shade of mingled disappointment and    
bewilderment gathered darkly on her     
brow4  ,you must turn and go to sleep   

again1 my child1 whispered the mother4  
,i wish ,pedro were not so proud of his 
voice1 and then you might still be      
dreaming of pleasant things4  ,i was    
dreaming1 then8 said ,luise1 somewhat   
sadly4 ,i thought it was real1 and it   
made me so happy6 ,ah1 if ,i could dream
 it again1 and again--three times       
running1 you know--till it became true6 
,what was it1 ,luise8 asked her father4 
,we must know what merry thought made   
you so joyful4 ,it will be a dream worth
 knowing1 and1 therefore1 worth telling4
  ,not at present1 interrupted his wife4
 ,let her get some more rest2 and then1 
when she is thoroughly refreshed after  
such a tedious journey1 she will make us
 all happy with realities as well as    
dreams4  ,and are dreams never          
realities8 asked the girl1 with a sigh4 
,child6 child6 if we're going to be     
philosophical1 and all that1 we shall   
never get you to sleep again4 ,don't    
talk any more1 my ,luise2 but close your
 eyes1 and see if you can't realize a   

dream2 that will be the best answer to  
your question4  ,i can't go to sleep    
again1 she answered4 ,see1 ,i'm quite   
awake1 and it's no use trying4 ,and with
 the sun so high too6 ,no2 you shall    
send me to bed an hour or two earlier   
to-night1 and to-morrow morning will    
find me as brisk as a bee4 ,i've so much
 to hear1 and so much to tell1 that to  
sleep again before dusk is out of the   
question4  ,so she arose2 and they went 
all three and sat down in the little    
garden4 ,luise eyed eagerly every flower
 and every fruit-tree1 and had something
 to say about every change since she had
 been there last4 ,but ever and anon she
 would look earnestly into the faces of 
her parents--and never without something
 like a tear in her large lustrous eyes4
  ,of course1 they questioned her upon  
this4 ,and she1 who had never concealed 
a thought or a wish from them1 told them
 in her own frank1 artless way1 why she 
looked sorrowful when she first saw     
them1 after a prolonged separation1 and 

how it was that1 in her sleep1 thoughts 
had visited her which were messengers of
 peace and gladness--whose message it   
had saddened her to find1 on waking1 but
 airy and unreal4  ,at ,seville she had 
been as happy as kindness and care could
 make one so far from and so fond of    
home4 ,but a childish fancy1 she said1  
had troubled her--childish she knew1 and
 a thing to be ashamed of1 but haunting 
her none the less--visiting her sleeping
 and waking hours2 a feeling it was of  
dejection at the idea of her parents    
growing old1 and of change and chance   
breaking up the wonted calm of her      
little household circle4 ,that the march
 of ,time should be so irresistible1    
that his flight could not be stayed or  
slackened by pope or kaiser1 that his   
decrees should be so immutable1 his     
destiny so inexorable1 and that the     
youngest must soon cease to be young1   
and the middle-aged become old--or die6 
this was the thought that preyed on her 
very soul4 ,she could not endure the    

conviction that her own father must one 
day walk with a less elastic step1 and  
smile on her with eyes ever loving      
indeed1 but more and more dimmed with   
age--and that her own mother must one   
day move to and fro with tottering gait1
 and speak with the tremulous accents of
 those old people who1 it seemed to     
,luise1 could never have been children  
at all4 ,it was a weak1 fantastic       
thought1 this2 but she could not master 
it1 nor escape its presence4  ,and when 
she met them on the threshold of the    
beloved home--ah1 the absentee's rapid  
glance saw a wrinkle on her father's    
cheek that was new to her1 and it saw a 
clustering of gray hairs on her mother's
 brow1 where all had been raven black   
when ,luise departed for ,seville4 ,poor
 ,luise6 ,the sorrows of her young heart
 were enlarged4 ,time had not been      
absent with the pensive absentee4       
,true1 he had stolen no charm from her  
little playmates4 ,carlos was a brighter
 boy than ever2 and as for that merry   

,zingara-like ,isabel1 and the yet      
merrier ,manuel--they were not a whit   
changed1 unless for the better1 in look1
 and manner1 and love4 ,still the       
too-sensitive ,luise was hurt at the    
thought that they could not always be   
children--that ,time was bent on        
effacing her earliest and dearest       
impressions1 removing from her home that
 ideal of family relationship to which  
all her affections clung with passionate
 entreaty4 ,whatever the future might2  
have to reveal of enjoyment and         
endearment1 the past could never be     
lived over again2 the past could never  
be identified with things present and   
things to come2 and it was to the past  
that her heart was betrothed--a past    
that had gone the way of all living1 and
 left her as it were widowed and not to 
be comforted4  ,and now ,i will tell you
 my dream1 said poor foolish ,luise2 and
 you will see why ,i looked happy in    
sleeping1 and sorry in waking4 ,i       
thought ,i was sitting here in the      

garden--crying over what ,i have been   
telling you--and suddenly an angel stood
 before me1 and bade me weep not4       
,strange as was his form1 and sunny in  
its exceeding brightness1 ,i was not    
frightened2 for his words were very1    
very gentle1 and his look too full of   
kindness to give me one thrill of alarm4
 ,and he said that what ,i had longed   
for so much should be granted2 that my  
father and mother should not grow old1  
nor ,carlos cease to be the boy he now  
is1 nor ,isabel grow up into a sedate   
woman1 nor ,manuel lose the gay         
childishness for which we all pet him1  
nor ,i feel myself forsaking the old    
familiar past1 and launching into dim   
troublous seas of perpetual change4 ,he 
promised that we should one and all be  
freed from the great law of time2 and   
that as we are this day parents and     
children1 so we should continue         
forever--while vicissitude and decay    
must still have sway in the great world 
at large4 ,can you wonder that ,i       

smiled8 ,or that it pained me when ,i   
awoke1 and found that the bright angel  
and the sweet promise were only--a      
dream8444  ,there was no lack of        
conversation that evening in that       
,lisbon cottage4 ,all loved ,luise2 and 
she1 in the midst of so many artless    
tokens of affection and of triumph at   
her return1 forgot all the morbid       
fancies that had given rise to her      
dream1 and was as light-hearted1 and as 
light-footed1 as in days of yore4 ,all  
gave themselves up to the reality of    
present gladness2 every voice trembled  
with the music of joy2 every eye looked 
and reflected love4 ,there was no       
happier homestead that evening in       
,lisbon1 nor in the world4  ,but ere    
many hours1 ,lisbon itself was tossing  
and heaving with the throes of          
dissolution4 ,the sea arose tumultuously
 against the tottering city2 the ground 
breathed fire1 and quaked1 and burst    
asunder2 the houses reeled and fell1 and
 thousands of inhabitants perished in   

the fall4 ,among them1 at one dire      
swoop1 the tenants of that happy cottage
 home4 ,together did these mortals put  
on immortality4  ,and thus was the dream
 fulfilled4     ,,the ,,household ,,of  
,,sir ,,tho',s ,,more4#g  ,,libellus ,a 
,,margareta ,,more1 ,,quindecim ,,annos 
,,nata1 ,,chelsei ,,inceptvs4           
,nulla dies sine linea4   ,this morn1   
hinting to ,bess that she was lacing    
herselfe too straightlie1 she brisklie  
replyed1 ,one w'd think 'twere as great 
meritt to have a thick waiste as to be  
one of y'e earlie ,christians6  ,these  
humourous retorts are ever at her       
tongue's end2 and1 albeit1 as ,jacky one
 day angrilie remarked1 when she had    
beene teazing him1 ,bess1 thy witt is   
stupidnesse2 yet1 for one who talks soe 
much at random1 no one can be more keene
 when she chooseth4 ,father sayd of her1
 half fondly1 half apologeticallie to   
,erasmus1 ,her wit has a fine subtletie 
that eludes you almoste before you have 
time to recognize it for what it really 

is4 ,to which1 ,erasmus readilie        
assented1 adding1 that it had y'e rare  
meritt of playing less on persons than  
things1 and never on bodilie defects4   
,hum6--,i wonder if they ever sayd as   
much in favour of me4 ,i know1 indeede1 
,erasmus calls me a forward girl4 ,alas6
 that may be taken in two senses4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,grievous work1 overnighte1 with y'e    
churning4 ,nought w'd persuade ,gillian 
but that y'e creame was bewitched by    
,gammer ,gurney1 who was dissatisfyde   
last ,friday with her dole1 and hobbled 
away mumping and cursing4 ,at alle      
events1 y'e butter w'd not come2 but    
mother was resolute not to have soe much
 goode creame wasted2 soe sent for ,bess
 and me1 ,daisy and ,mercy ,giggs1 and  
insisted on our churning in turn till   
y'e butter came1 if we sate up all      
nighte for't4 ',twas a hard saying2 and 
mighte have hampered her like as        
,jephtha his rash vow3 howbeit1 soe     
soone as she had left us1 we turned it  

into a frolick1 and sang ,chevy ,chase  
from end to end1 to beguile time2       
ne'erthelesse1 the butter w'd not come2 
soe then we grew sober1 and1 at y'e     
instance of sweete ,mercy1 chaunted y'e 
#aaith ,psalme2 and1 by the time we had 
attayned to ,lucerna pedibus1 ,i hearde 
y'e buttermilk separating and splashing 
in righte earneste4 ',twas neare        
midnighte1 however2 and ,daisy had      
fallen asleep on y'e dresser4 ,gillian  
will ne'er be convinced but that our    
,latin brake the spell4  ,erasmus went  
to ,richmond this morning with ,polus   
7for so he ,latinizes ,reginald ,pole1  
after his usual fashion71 and some other
 of his friends4 ,on his return1 he made
 us laugh at y'e following4 ,they had   
clomb y'e hill1 and were admiring y'e   
prospect1 when ,pole1 casting his eyes  
aloft1 and beginning to make sundrie    
gesticulations1 exclaimed1 ,what is it  
,i beholde8 ,may heaven avert y'e omen6 
with such-like exclamations1 which      
raised y'e curiositie of alle4 ,don't   

you beholde1 cries he1 that enormous    
dragon flying through y'e sky8 his horns
 of fire8 his curly tail8  ,no1 says    
,erasmus1 nothing like it4 ,the sky is  
as cleare as unwritten paper4  ,howbeit1
 he continued to affirme and to stare1  
untill at lengthe1 one after another1 by
 dint of strayning theire eyes and      
theire imaginations1 did admitt1 first1 
that they saw something2 nexte1 that it 
mighte be a dragon2 and last1 that it   
was4 ,of course1 on theire passage      
homeward1 they c'd talk of little       
else--some made serious reflections2    
others1 philosophical6 speculations2 and
 ,pole waggishly triumphed in having    
beene y'e firste to discerne the        
spectacle4  ,and you trulie believe     
there was a signe in y'e heavens8 we    
inquired of ,erasmus4  ,what know ,i8   
returned he1 smiling2 you know1         
,constantine saw a cross4 ,why shoulde  
,polus not see a dragon8 ,we must judge 
by the event4 ,perhaps its mission may  
be to fly away with him4 ,he swore to   

y'e curly tail4  ,how difficulte it is  
to discerne y'e supernatural from y'e   
incredible6 ,we laughe at ,gillian's    
faith in our ,latin2 ,erasmus laughs at 
,polus his dragon4 ,have we a righte to 
believe noughte but what we can see or  
prove8 ,nay1 that will never doe4       
,father says a capacitie for reasoning  
increaseth a capacitie for believing4   
,he believes there is such a thing as   
witchcraft1 though not that poore olde  
,gammer ,gurney is a witch2 he believes 
that saints can work miracles1 though   
not in alle y'e marvels reported of y'e 
,canterbury shrine4  ,had ,i beene      
justice of y'e peace1 like y'e king's   
grandmother1 ,i w'd have beene very     
jealous of accusations of witchcraft2   
and have taken infinite payns to sift   
out y'e causes of malice1 jealousie1 c41
 which mighte have wroughte with y'e    
poore olde women's enemies4 ,holie ,writ
 sayth1 ,thou shalt not suffer a witch  
to live2 but1 questionlesse1 manie have 
suffered hurte that were noe witches2   

and for my part1 ,i have alwaies helde  
ducking to be a very uncertayn as well  
as very cruel teste4  ,i cannot helpe   
smiling1 whenever ,i think of my        
rencounter with ,william this morning4  
,mr4 ,gunnell had set me ,homer's       
tiresome list of ships2 and1 because of 
y'e excessive heate within doors1 ,i    
took my book into y'e nuttery1 to be    
beyonde y'e wrath of far-darting        
,phoebus ,apollo1 where ,i clomb into my
 favourite filbert seat4 ,anon comes    
,william through y'e trees without      
seeing me2 and seats him at the foot of 
my filbert2 then1 out with his tablets1 
and1 in a posture ,i s'd have called    
studdied1 had he known anie one within  
sighte1 falls a poetizing1 ,i question  
not4 ,having noe mind to be interrupted1
 ,i lett him be1 thinking he w'd soon   
exhauste y'e vein2 but a caterpillar    
dropping from y'e leaves on to my page1 
,i was fayn for mirthe sake1 to shake it
 down on his tablets4 ,as ill luck w'd  
have it1 however1 y'e little reptile    

onlie fell among his curls2 which soe   
took me at vantage1 that ,i could not   
helpe hastilie crying1 ,i beg your      
pardon4 ',twas worth a world to see his 
start6 ,what6 cries he1 looking up1 are 
there indeede ,hamadryads8 and would    
have gallanted a little1 but ,i bade him
 hold down his head1 while that with a  
twig ,i switched off y'e caterpillar4   
,neither could forbeare laughing2 and   
then he sued me to step downe1 but ,i   
was minded to abide where ,i was4       
,howbeit1 after a minute's pause1 he    
sayd1 in a grave1 kind tone1 ,come1     
little wife2 and taking mine arm        
steadilie in his hand1 ,i lost my       
balance and was faine to come down      
whether or noe4 ,we walked for some     
time1 juxta fluvium2 and he talked not  
badlie of his travels1 inasmuch as ,i   
founde there was really more in him than
 one w'd think4         99       99     
99       99       99  --,was there ever 
anie-thing soe perverse1 unluckie1 and  
downright disagreeable8 ,we hurried our 

afternoone tasks1 to goe on y'e water   
with my father2 and1 meaning to give    
,mr4 ,gunnel my ,latin traduction1 which
 is in a book like unto this1 ,i never  
knew he had my journalle instead1 untill
 that he burst out a laughing4 ,soe this
 is y'e famous libellus1 quoth he1444 ,i
 never waited for another word1 but     
snatcht it out of his hand2 which he1   
for soe strict a man1 bore well enow4 ,i
 do not believe he c'd have read a dozen
 lines1 and they were toward y'e        
beginning2 but ,i s'd hugelie like to   
know which dozen lines they were4  ,hum6
 ,i have a mind never to write another  
word4 ,that will be punishing myselfe1  
though1 insteade of ,gunnel4 ,and he    
bade me not take it to heart like y'e   
late ,bishop of ,durham1 to whom a like 
accident befel1 which soe annoyed him   
that he died of chagrin4 ,i will never  
again1 howbeit1 write aniething         
savouring ever soe little of levitie or 
absurditie4 ,the saints keepe me to it6 
,and1 to know it from my exercise book1 

,i will henceforthe bind a blue ribbon  
round it4 ,furthermore1 ,i will knit y'e
 sayd ribbon in soe close a knot1 that  
it shall be worth noe one else's payns  
to pick it out4 ,lastlie1 and for entire
 securitie1 ,i will carry the same in my
 pouch1 which will hold bigger matters  
than this4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,this daye1 at dinner1 ,mr4
 ,clement took y'e ,pistoller's place at
 y'e reading-desk2 and insteade of      
continuing y'e subject in hand1 read a  
paraphrase of y'e #ajcrde ,psalm2 ye    
faithfullenesse and elegant turne of    
which1 ,erasmus highlie commended1      
though he took exceptions to y'e phrase 
renewing thy youth like that of y'e     
,phoenix1 whose fabulous story he       
believed to have been unknown to y'e    
,psalmist1 and1 therefore1 however      
poeticall1 was unfitt to be introduced4 
,a deepe blush on sweet ,mercy's face   
ledd to y'e detection of y'e paraphrast1
 and drew on her some deserved          
commendations4 ,erasmus1 turning to my  

father1 exclaymed with animation1 ,i    
woulde call this house the academy of   
,plato1 were it not injustice to compare
 it to a place where the usuall         
disputations concerning figures and     
numbers were onlie oocasionallie        
intersperst with disquisitions          
concerning y'e moral virtues4 ,then1 in 
a graver mood1 he added1 ,one mighte    
envie you1 but that your precious       
privileges are bound up with soe        
paynfulle anxieties4 ,how manie pledges 
have you given to fortune6  ,if my      
children are to die out of y'e course of
 nature1 before theire parents1 father  
firmly replyed1 ,i w'd rather they died 
well-instructed than ignorant4  ,you    
remind me1 rejoyns ,erasmus1 of         
,phocion2 whose wife1 when he was aboute
 to drink y'e fatal cup1 exclaimed1     
',ah1 my husband6 you die innocent4'    
',and woulde you1 my wife1' he returned1
 'have me die guilty8'  ,awhile after1  
,gonellus askt leave to see ,erasmus his
 signet-ring1 which he handed down to   

him4 ,in passing it back1 ,william1 who 
was occupyde in carving a crane1 handed 
it soe negligentlie that it felle to y'e
 ground4 ,i never saw such a face as    
,erasmus made1 when 'twas picked out    
from y'e rushes6 ,and yet1 ours are     
renewed almoste daylie1 which manie     
think over nice4 ,he took it gingerlie  
in his faire1 womanlike hands1 and      
washed and wiped it before he put it on2
 which escaped not my step-mother's     
displeased notice4 ,indeede1 these      
,dutchmen are scrupulouslie cleane1     
though mother calls 'em swinish1 because
 they will eat raw sallets2 though1 for 
that matter1 father loves cresses and   
ramps4 ,she alsoe mislikes ,erasmus for 
eating cheese and butter together with  
his manchet2 or what he calls boetram2  
and for being1 generallie1 daintie at   
his sizes1 which she sayth is an ill    
example to soe manie young people1 and  
becometh not one with soe little money  
in's purse3 howbeit1 ,i think 'tis not  
nicetie1 but a weak stomach1 which makes

 him loathe our salt-meat commons from  
,michaelmasse to ,easter1 and eschew    
fish of y'e coarser sort4 ,he cannot    
breakfaste on colde milk like father1   
but liketh furmity a little spiced4 ,at 
dinner1 he pecks at1 rather than eats1  
ruffs and reeves1 lapwings1 or anie     
smalle birds it may chance2 but affects 
sweets and subtilties1 and loves a cup  
of wine or ale1 stirred with rosemary4  
,father never toucheth the wine-cup but 
to grace a guest1 and loves water from  
the spring4 ,we growing girls eat more  
than either2 and father says he loves to
 see us slice away at the cob-loaf2 it  
does him goode4 ,what a kind father he  
is6 ,i wish my step-mother were as kind4
 ,i hate alle sneaping and snubbing1    
flowting1 fleering1 pinching1 nipping1  
and such-like2 it onlie creates         
resentment insteade of penitence1 and   
lowers y'e minde of either partie4      
,gillian throws a rolling-pin at y'e    
turnspit's head1 and we call it         
low-life2 but we looke for such         

unmannerlinesse in the kitchen4 ,a whip 
is onlie fit for ,tisiphone4  ,as we    
rose from table1 ,i noted ,argus pearcht
 on y'e window-sill1 eagerlie watching  
for his dinner1 which he looketh for as 
punctuallie as if he c'd tell the diall2
 and to please the good1 patient bird1  
till the scullion broughte him his mess 
of garden-stuff1 ,i fetched him some    
pulse1 which he took from mine hand1    
taking good heede not to hurt me with   
his sharp beak4 ,while ,i was feeding   
him1 ,erasmus came up1 and asked me     
concerning ,mercy ,giggs2 and ,i tolde  
him how that she was a friendlesse      
orphan1 to whom deare father afforded   
protection and the run of y'e house2 and
 tolde him of her gratitude1 her        
meekness1 her patience1 her docilitie1  
her aptitude for alle goode works and   
alms-deeds2 and how1 in her little      
chamber1 she improved eache spare moment
 in y'e way of studdy and prayer4 ,he   
repeated ,friendlesse8 she cannot be    
called friendlesse1 who hath ,more for  

her protector1 and his children for     
companions2' and then woulde heare more 
of her parents' sad story4 ,alsoe1 would
 hear somewhat of ,rupert ,allington1   
and how father gained his law-suit4     
,alsoe1 of ,daisy1 whose name he tooke  
to be y'e true abbreviation for         
,margaret1 but ,i tolde him how that my 
step-sister1 and ,mercy1 and ,i1 being  
all three of a name1 and ,i being       
alwaies called ,meg1 we had in sport    
given one the significative of her      
characteristic virtue1 and the other    
that of y'e ,french ,marguerite1 which  
may indeed be rendered either pearl or  
daisy4 ,and ,chaucer1 speaking of our   
,english daisy1 saith      ,si douce est
 la ,marguerite4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,since y'e little 
wisdom ,i have capacitie to acquire1 soe
 oft gives me y'e headache to           
distraction1 ,i marvel not at ,jupiter's
 payn in his head1 when the goddess of  
wisdom sprang therefrom full growne4    
,this morn1 to quiet y'e payn brought on

 by too busie application1 ,mr4 ,gunnell
 would have me close my book and ramble 
forth with ,cecy into y'e fields4 ,we   
strolled towards ,walham ,greene2 and   
she was seeking for shepherd's purses   
and shepherd's needles1 when she came   
running back to me1 looking rather pale4
 ,i askt what had scared her1 and she   
made answer that ,gammer ,gurney was    
coming along y'e hedge4 ,i bade her set 
aside her fears2 and anon we come up    
with ,gammer1 who was puling at y'e     
purple blossoms of y'e deadly           
night-shade4 ,i sayd1 ,gammer1 to what  
purpose gather that weed8 knowest not   
'tis evill8  ,she sayth1 mumbling1 ,what
 ,god hath created1 that call not thou  
evill4  ,well1 but1 quo' ,i1 'tis       
poison4  ,aye1 and medicine1 too1       
returns ,gammer1 ,i wonder what we poor 
souls might come to1 if we tooke nowt   
for our ails and aches but what we could
 buy o' the potticary4 ,we've got noe   
,dr4 ,clement1 we poor folks1 to be our 
leech o' the household4  ,but hast no   

feare1 quo' ,i1 of an overdose8         
,there's manie a doctor1 sayth she1 with
 an unpleasant leer1 that hath given    
that at first4 ,in time he gets his hand
 in2 and ,i've had a plenty o'          
practice--thanks to self and sister4  ,i
 knew not1 quoth ,i1 that thou hadst a  
sister4  ,how should ye1 mistress1      
returns she1 shortlie1 when ye never    
comes nigh us8 ,we've grubbed on        
together this many a year4  ',tis soe   
far1 ,i returned1 half ashamed4  ,why1  
soe it be1 answers ,gammer2 far from    
neighbours1 far from church1 and far    
from priest2 howbeit1 my old legs       
carries me to your house o' ,fridays2   
but ,i know not whether ,i shall e'er   
come agayn--the rye bread was soe hard  
last time2 it may serve for young teeth1
 and for them as has got none2 but mine1
 you see1 are onlie on the goe2 and she 
opened her mouth with a ghastly smile4  
',tis not1 she added1 that ,i'm         
ungratefulle2 but thou sees1 mistress1  
,i really can't eat crusts4  ,after a   

moment1 ,i asked1 ,where lies your      
dwelling8  ,out by yonder1 quoth she1   
pointing to a shapeless mass like a huge
 bird's nest in y'e corner of the field4
 ,there bides poor ,joan and ,i4 ,wilt  
come and looke within1 mistress1 and see
 how a ,christian can die8  ,i mutelie  
complyed1 in spite of ,cecy's pulling at
 my skirts4 ,arrived at y'e wretched    
abode1 which had a hole for its chimney1
 and another for door at once and       
window1 ,i found1 sitting in a corner1  
propped on a heap of rushes1 dried      
leaves1 and olde rags1 an aged sick     
woman1 who seemed to have but a little  
while to live4 ,a mug of water stoode   
within her reach2 ,i saw none other     
sustenance2 but1 in her visage1 oh1 such
 peace6444 ,whispers ,gammer with an    
awfulle look1 ,she sees 'em now6  ,sees 
who8 quoth ,i4  ,why1 angels in two long
 rows1 afore y'e throne of ,god1 a      
bending of themselves1 this way1 with   
theire faces to th' earth1 and arms     
stretched out afore 'em4  ,hath she seen

 a priest8 quoth ,i4  ,lord love ye1    
returns ,gammer1 what coulde a priest   
doe for her8 ,she's is in heaven        
alreadie4 ,i doubte if she can heare me4
 ,and then1 in a loud1 distinct voyce1  
quite free from her usuall mumping1 she 
beganne to recite in ,english1 ,blessed 
is every one that feareth y'e ,lord1 and
 walketh in his ways1 etc42 which y'e   
dying woman hearde1 although alreadie   
speechlesse2 and reaching out her feeble
 arm unto her sister's neck1 she dragged
 it down till their faces touched2 and  
then1 looking up1 pointed at somewhat   
she aimed to make her see 444 and we    
alle looked up1 but saw noughte4        
,howbeit1 she pointed up three severall 
times1 and lay1 as it were1 transfigured
 before us1 a gazing at some            
transporting sighte1 and ever and anon  
turning on her sister looks of love2    
and1 the while we stoode thus agaze1 her
 spiritt passed away without even a     
thrill or a shudder4 ,cecy and ,i       
beganne to weepe2 and1 after a while1   

soe did ,gammer2 then1 putting us       
forthe1 she sayd1 ,goe1 children1 goe2  
'tis noe goode crying2 and yet ,i'm     
thankfulle to ye for your teares4  ,i   
sayd1 ,is there aught we can doe for    
thee8  ,she made answer1 ,perhaps you   
can give me tuppence1 mistress1 to lay  
on her poor eyelids and keep 'em down4  
,bless 'ee1 bless 'ee6 ,you're like y'e 
good ,samaritan--he pulled out          
two-pence4 ,and maybe1 if ,i come to 'ee
 to-morrow1 you'll give me a lapfulle of
 rosemarie1 to lay on her poor          
corpse4444 ,i know you've plenty4 ,god  
be with 'ee1 children2 and be sure ye   
mind how a ,christian can die4  ,soe we 
left1 and came home sober enow4 ,cecy   
sayth1 ,to die is not soe fearfulle1    
,meg1 as ,i thoughte1 but shoulde you   
fancy dying without a priest8 ,i shoulde
 not2 and yet ,gammer sayd she wanted   
not one4 ,howbeit1 for certayn1 ,gammer 
,gurney is noe witch1 or she woulde not 
so prayse ,god4  ,to conclude1 father1  
on hearing alle1 hath given ,gammer more

 than enow for her present needes2 and  
,cecy and ,i are y'e almoners of his    
mercy4         99       99       99     
99       99                             
,june #bd4  ,yesternighte1 being ,st4   
,john's ,eve1 we went into town to see  
y'e mustering of y'e watch4 ,mr4        
,rastall had secured us a window        
opposite y'e ,king's ,head1 in ,chepe1  
where theire ,m'ys4 went in state to see
 the show4 ,the streets were a marvell  
to see1 being like unto a continuation  
of fayr bowres or arbours1 garlanded    
acrosse and over y'e doors with greene  
birch1 long fennel1 orpin1 ,st4 ,john's 
wort1 white lilies1 and such like2 with 
innumerable candles intersperst1 the    
which1 being lit up as soon as 'twas    
dusk1 made the whole look like enchanted
 land2 while at y'e same time1 the      
leaping over bon-fires commenced1 and   
produced shouts of laughter4 ,the youths
 woulde have father goe downe and joyn  
'em2 ,rupert1 speciallie1 begged him    
hard1 but he put him off with1 ,sirrah1 

you goosecap1 dost think 'twoulde befitt
 y'e ,judge of the ,sheriffs' ,court8   
,at length1 to y'e sound of trumpets1   
came marching up ,cheapside two thousand
 of the watch1 in white fustian1 with   
the ,city badge2 and seven hundred      
cressett bearers1 eache with his fellow 
to supplie him with oyl1 and making1    
with theire flaring lights1 the night as
 cleare as daye4 ,after 'em1 the        
morris-dancers and ,city waites2 the    
,lord ,mayor on horseback1 very fine1   
with his giants and pageants3 and the   
,sheriff and his watch1 and his giants  
and pageants4 ,the streets very         
uproarious on our way back to the barge1
 but the homeward passage delicious2 the
 nighte ayre cool2 and the stars shining
 brightly4 ,father and ,erasmus had some
 astronomick talk2 howbeit1 methoughte  
,erasmus less familiar with y'e         
heavenlie bodies than father is4        
,afterwards1 they spake of y'e ,king1   
but not over-freelie1 by reason of y'e  
bargemen overhearing4 ,thence1 to y'e   

ever-vext question of ,martin ,luther1  
of whome ,erasmus spake in terms of     
earneste1 yet qualifyde prayse4  ,if    
,luther be innocent1 quoth he1 ,i woulde
 not run him down by a wicked faction2  
if he be in error1 ,i woulde rather have
 him reclaymed than destroyed2 for this 
is most agreeable to the doctrine of our
 deare ,lord and ,master1 who woulde not
 bruise y'e broken reede1 nor quenche   
y'e smoaking flax4 ,and much more to    
same purpose4  ,we younger folks felle  
to choosing our favourite mottoes and   
devices1 in which y'e elders at length  
joyned us4 ,mother's was loyal--,cleave 
to y'e crown though it hang on a bush4  
,erasmus's pithie--,festina lente4      
,william sayd he was indebted for his to
 ,st4 ,paul--,i seeke not yours1 but    
you4 ,for me1 ,i quoted one ,i had seene
 in an olde countrie church1 ,mieux tre 
que paroitre1 which pleased father and  
,erasmus much4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,poor ,erasmus    
caughte colde on y'e water last nighte1 

and keeps house to-daye1 taking warm    
possets4 ',tis my week of housekeeping  
under mother's guidance1 and ,i never   
had more pleasure in it3 delighting to  
suit his taste in sweete things1 which1 
methinks1 all men like4 ,i have enow of 
time left for studdy1 when alle's done4 
,he hathe beene the best part of the    
morning in our academia1 looking over   
books and manuscripts1 taking notes of  
some1 discoursing with ,mr4 ,gunnell and
 others2 and1 in some sorte1            
interrupting our morning's work2 but how
 pleasantlie6 ,besides1 as father sayth1
 varietie is not always interruption4   
,that which occasionallie lets and      
hinders our accustomed studdies1 may    
prove to y'e ingenious noe less         
profitable than theire studdies         
themselves4  ,they beganne with         
discussing y'e pronunciation of ,latin  
and ,greek1 on which ,erasmus differeth 
much from us1 though he holds to our    
pronunciation of y'e theta4 ,thence1 to 
y'e absurde partie of the ,ciceronians  

now in ,italie1 who will admit noe      
author save ,tully to be read nor       
quoted1 nor anie word not in his        
writings to be used4 ,thence1 to y'e    
,latinitie of y'e ,fathers1 of whose    
style he spake slightlie enow1 but rated
 ,jerome above ,augustine4 ,at length1  
to his ,greek and ,latin ,testament1 of 
late issued from y'e presse1 and y'e    
incredible labour it hath cost him to   
make it as perfect as possible3 on this 
subject he soe warmed1 that ,bess and ,i
 listened with suspended breath4 ,may it
 please ,god1 sayth he1 knitting        
ferventlie his hands1 to make it a      
blessing to all ,christendom6 ,i look   
for noe other reward4 ,scholars and     
believers yet unborn1 may have reason to
 thank1 and yet may forget ,erasmus4 ,he
 then went on to explain to ,gunnell    
what he had much felt in want of1 and   
hoped some scholar might yet undertake2 
to wit1 a sort of ,index ,bibliorum1    
showing in how manie passages of holy   
writ occurreth anie given word1 etc42   

and he e'en proposed it to ,gunnell1    
saying 'twas onlie y'e work of patience 
and industry1 and mighte be layd aside1 
and resumed as occasion offered1 and    
completed at leisure1 to y'e great      
thankfullenesse of scholars4 ,but       
,gunnell onlie smiled and shooke his    
head4 ,howbeit1 ,erasmus set forth his  
scheme soe playnlie1 that ,i1 having a  
pen in hand1 did privilie note down alle
 y'e heads of y'e same1 thinking1 if    
none else w'd undertake it1 why s'd not 
,i8 since leisure and industrie were    
alone required1 and since 'twoulde be   
soe acceptable to manie1 'speciallie to 
,erasmus4  ,,footnotes3  #g ,continued  
from the ,april ,number4     ,,the      
,,stolen ,,fruit4--,a ,,story ,,of      
,,napoleon',s ,,childhood4   ,on the    
#aeth of ,august1 #aggg1 two little     
girls of seven or eight years old were  
playing in a garden near ,ajaccio in    
,corsica4 ,after running up and down    
among the trees and flowers1 one of them
 stopped the other at the entrance to a 

dark grotto under a rock4  ,eliza1 she  
said1 don't go any further3 it frightens
 me to look into that black cave4       
,nonsense6 ',tis only ,napoleon's       
,grotto4  ,this garden belongs to your  
uncle ,fesch3 has he given this dark    
hole to ,napoleon8  ,no1 ,panoria2 my   
great-uncle has not given him this      
grotto4 ,but as he often comes and      
spends hours in it by himself1 we all   
call it ,napoleon's ,grotto4  ,and what 
can he be doing there8  ,talking to     
himself4  ,what about8  ,oh1 ,i don't   
know3 a variety of things4 ,but come1   
help me to gather a large bunch of      
flowers4  ,just now1 when we were on the
 lower walk1 you told me not to pull    
any1 although there was abundance of    
sweet ones4  ,yes2 but that was in my   
uncle the canon's garden4  ,and are his 
flowers more sacred than those of uncle 
,fesch8  ,they are indeed1 ,panoria4    
,and why8  ,i'm sure ,i don't know1 but 
when any one wants to prevent our       
playing1 they say1 ',that will give your

 uncle the canon a headache6' ,when we  
are not to touch something1 'tis always1
 ',that belongs to the canon6' ,if we   
want to eat some fine fruit1 ',don't    
touch that2 'tis for your uncle the     
canon6' ,and even when we are praised or
 rewarded1 'tis always because the canon
 is pleased with us6  ,is it because he 
is archdeacon of ,ajaccio that people   
are so much afraid of him8  ,oh1 no1    
,panoria2 but because he is our tutor4  
,papa is not rich enough to pay for     
masters to teach us1 and he has not time
 to look after our education himself2 so
 our uncle the canon teaches us every   
thing4 ,he is not unkind1 but he is very
 strict4 ,if we don't know our lessons1 
he slaps us smartly4  ,and don't you    
call that unkind1 ,eliza8  ,not exactly4
 ,do you never get a whipping yourself1 
,panoria8  ,no1 indeed1 ,eliza4 ,it is  
the ,corsican fashion to beat children2 
but our family is ,greek1 and mamma says
 ,greeks must not be beaten4  ,then ,i'm
 sure1 ,panoria1 ,i wish ,i were a      

,greek2 for 'tis very unpleasant to be  
slapped6  ,i dare say your brother      
,napoleon does not like it either4  ,he 
is the only one of my brothers who does 
not cry or complain when he is punished4
 ,if you heard what a noise ,joseph and 
,lucien make1 you would fancy that uncle
 was flaying them alive6  ,but about    
,napoleon4 ,what can he be talking about
 alone in the grotto8  ,hush6 ,here he  
is6 ,let us hide ourselves behind this  
lilac-tree1 and you'll hear4  ,i see    
,severia coming to call us4  ,ah6 it    
will take her an hour to gather ripe    
fruit for uncle the canon4 ,we shall    
have time enough4 ,come6  ,and the      
little girls1 gliding between the rock  
and the overhanging shrubs1 took up     
their position in perfect concealment4  
,the boy who advanced toward the grotto 
differed from the generality of children
 of his age in the size of his head1 the
 massive form of his noble brow1 and the
 fixed examining expression of his eyes4
 ,he walked slowly--looking at the      

bright blue sea--and unconscious that   
his proceedings were closely watched by 
two pair of little bright black eyes4   
,here ,i am my own master6 he said as he
 entered the grotto4 ,no one commands me
 here6 ,and seating himself royally on a
 bench within the dark entrance1 he     
continued1 ,this is my birthday4 ,i am  
eight years old to-day4 ,i wish ,i lived
 among the ,spartans1 then ,i should be 
beyond the control of women2 but now ,i 
have to obey such a number of           
people--old ,severia among the rest4    
,ah1 if ,i were the master6  ,well1 and 
if you were the master1 what would you  
do8 cried ,eliza1 thrusting forward her 
pretty little head4  ,first of all1 ,i'd
 teach you not to come listening at     
doors1 replied ,napoleon1 disconcerted  
at being overheard4  ,but1 brother1     
there's no door that ,i can see4  ,no   
matter1 you have been eaves-dropping all
 the same4  ,eliza6--,panoria6 cried a  
loud voice4 ,where can these children   
have gone to8  ,the young ladies came   

out of their leafy lurking-place in time
 to meet the little ,bonapartes' nurse1 
,severia--a tall old woman1 who carried 
on her arm a basket filled with the most
 luscious tempting pears1 grapes1 and   
figs4  ,a pear1 ,severia6 cried         
,napoleon1 darting forward1 and         
thrusting his hand into the basket4     
,the saints forbid1 child6 exclaimed    
,severia4 ,they are for your uncle the  
canon6  ,ah6 said ,napoleon1 drawing    
back his hand as quickly as if a wasp   
had stung him4  ,panoria burst out      
laughing4  ,i never saw such people6 she
 said1 as soon as her mirth allowed her 
to speak4 ,my uncle the canon seems the 
bugbear of the whole family4 ,is        
,severia afraid of him1 too8  ,not more 
than ,i am1 said ,napoleon1 boldly4     
,and yet you were afraid to take a pear8
  ,because ,i did not wish to do it1    
,panoria4  ,did not dare do it1         
,napoleon6  ,did not wish to do it1     
,panoria4  ,and if you wished it1 would 
you do it8  ,certainly ,i would4  ,i    

think you are a boaster1 ,napoleon2 and 
in your uncle's presence would be just  
as great a coward as ,eliza or ,pauline8
  ,come1 children1 follow me1 said      
,severia1 walking on4  ,you think ,i am 
a coward8 whispered ,eliza to her little
 friend4 ,come into the house1 and see  
if ,i don't eat as much of uncle's fruit
 as ,i please4 ,mamma is gone out to pay
 a visit1 and will not be home until    
to-morrow4  ,then ,i'll help you1 said  
,panoria4 ,and the little girls1 fixing 
their wistful eyes on the tempting      
fruit1 followed ,severia to the house4  
,napoleon remained some time longer in  
his grotto2 and when supper-time        
approached1 he went into the house4     
,feeling very thirsty1 he entered the   
dining-room1 in which was a large       
cupboard1 where fresh water was usually 
kept4 ,just as he was going in1 he heard
 a noise3 the cupboard doors were       
quickly shut1 and he caught a glimpse of
 a white frock disappearing through the 
open window4 ,instead1 however1 of      

looking after the fugitive1 he went     
quietly to get a glass of water in the  
cupboard4 ,then1 to his dismay1 he saw  
his uncle's basket of fruit half empty6 
,while1 forgetting his thirst1 he looked
 with astonishment at the fruit1        
considering who could have been the     
hardy thief1 a voice behind him roused  
him from his reverie4  ,what are you    
doing there1 ,napoleon8 ,you know you   
are not permitted to help yourself to   
supper4  ,this was uncle the canon      
himself--a short1 stout old man with a  
bald head1 whose otherwise ordinary     
features were lighted up with the eagle 
glance which afterward distinguished his
 grand-nephew4  ,i was not taking any   
thing1 uncle1 replied ,napoleon4 ,and   
then suddenly the idea occurring to him 
that he might be accused of having taken
 the fruit1 the blood rushed hotly to   
his cheeks4  ,his confusion was so      
evident1 that the canon said1 ,i hope   
you are not telling a falsehood1        
,napoleon8  ,i never tell falsehoods1   

said the boy1 proudly4  ,what were you  
doing8  ,i was thirsty2 ,i came to get  
some water4  ,no harm in that--and then1
 my boy8  ,that was all1 uncle4  ,have  
you drunk the water8  ,no1 uncle2 not   
yet4  ,the archdeacon shook his head4   
,you came to drink1 and you did not     
drink2 that does not hang well together4
 ,napoleon1 take care4 ,if you frankly  
confess your fault1 whatever it may be1 
you shall be forgiven2 but if you tell a
 lie1 and persist in it1 ,i warn you    
that ,i shall punish you severely4  ,the
 entrance of ,m4 ,bonaparte1 ,m4 ,fesch1
 and ,joseph1 ,napoleon's eldest        
brother1 interrupted the conversation2  
and for some minutes the elder gentlemen
 spoke to each other on political       
subjects2 when a sudden exclamation from
 ,severia1 as she opened the cupboard1  
attracted the attention of all4  ,santa 
,madona6 who has taken the fruit8  ,this
 is the mystery discovered6 said the    
canon1 turning toward ,napoleon4 ,so you
 stole the fruit8  ,i never touched it1 

replied the boy4  ,call in the other    
children1 said the archdeacon4  ,in a   
few minutes five beautiful children1    
three boys and two girls1 formed a group
 round their father1 who1 looking at    
each one in turn1 asked1 ,which of you  
has taken the fruit that was gathered in
 your uncle the canon's garden8  ,i did 
not6 ,nor ,i6 ,nor ,i6 cried they all4  
,but ,eliza's voice was lower and less  
assured than those of the others4  ,and 
you1 ,napoleon8  ,i have said1 papa1    
that ,i did not do it4  ,that's a       
falsehood6 exclaimed ,severia1 who1     
being an old domestic1 took great       
liberties4  ,if you were not a woman6   
said ,napoleon1 shaking his small       
clenched hand at her4  ,silence6        
,napoleon1 said his father1 sternly4    
,it must have been you1 ,napoleon1 said 
,severia2 for after putting the fruit   
into the cupboard1 ,i never left the    
ante-room1 and not a soul passed through
 except the archdeacon and yourself4 ,if
 he has not taken them--  ,i wish truly 

,i had1 said the old gentleman1 and then
 ,i should not have the grief of seeing 
one of my children persist in a lie4    
,uncle1 ,i am not guilty1 repeated      
,napoleon firmly4  ,do not be obstinate1
 but confess1 said his father4  ,yes1   
added the canon2 'tis the only way to   
escape punishment4  ,but ,i never       
touched the fruit--indeed1 ,i did not4  
,napoleon1 said his uncle1 ,i can not   
believe you4 ,i shall give you five     
minutes2 and if1 at the end of that     
time1 you do not confess1 and ask for   
pardon1 ,i shall whip you4  ,a whip is  
for horses and dogs1 not for children6  
said the boy4  ,a whip is for           
disobedient1 lying children1 replied his
 father4  ,then 'tis unjust to give it  
me1 for ,i am neither a liar nor        
disobedient4 ,so saying1 ,napoleon      
crossed his arms on his chest1 and      
settled himself in a firm attitude4     
,meantime his brothers and his sister   
,pauline came close to him1 and         
whispered good-natured entreaties that  

he would confess4  ,but how can ,i1 when
 ,i have not done wrong8  ,so you are   
still obstinate8 said his uncle4 ,and   
taking him by the arm1 he led him into  
the next room4 ,presently the sound of  
sharp repeated blows was heard1 but not 
a cry or complaint from the little      
sufferer4  ,madame ,bonaparte was away  
from home1 and in the evening her       
husband went to meet her1 accompanied by
 ,joseph1 ,lucien1 and ,eliza4 ,m4      
,fesch and the canon were also about to 
depart1 and in passing through the      
ante-room1 they saw ,napoleon standing1 
pale and grave1 but proud1 and          
firm-looking as before4  ,well1 my      
child1 said his father1 ,i hope you will
 now ask your uncle's pardon8  ,i did   
not touch the fruit1 papa4  ,still      
obstinate6 ,as the rod will not do1 ,i  
shall try another method4 ,your mother1 
brothers1 ,eliza1 and ,i1 will be away  
for three days1 and during that time you
 shall have nothing but bread and water1
 unless you ask your uncle's            

forgiveness4  ,but1 papa1 won't you let 
him have some cheese with his bread8    
whispered little ,pauline4  ,yes1 but   
not broccio4  ,ah do1 papa1 please let  
him have broccio 'tis the nicest cheese 
in ,corsica6  ,that's the reason he does
 not deserve it1 said his father1       
looking at the boy with an anxious      
expression1 as if he hoped to see some  
sign of penitence on his face4 ,but none
 such appearing1 he proceeded toward the
 carriage4  ,joseph and ,lucien took a  
kind leave of their brother1 but ,eliza 
seemed unwilling and afraid to go near  
or look at him4  ,the three days passed 
on1 heavily enough for poor ,napoleon1  
who was in disgrace1 and living on      
bread1 water1 and cheese1 which was not 
broccio4 ,at length the party returned1 
and little ,panoria1 who was watching   
for her friend ,eliza1 came with them   
into the house4  ,good-morning1 uncle1  
said ,madame ,bonaparte to the          
archdeacon1 how are you8 ,and where are 
,napoleon and ,pauline8  ,here ,i am1   

mamma1 said the latter throwing her arms
 around her mother's neck4  ,and        
,napoleon8  ,he is here1 said the canon4
  ,has he confessed8 asked his father4  
,no1 replied the uncle4 ,i never before 
witnessed such obstinacy4  ,what has he 
done8 asked his mother4  ,the canon1 in 
reply1 related the story of the fruit2  
but before he could finish it1 ,panoria 
exclaimed--  ,of course1 poor fellow1 he
 would not confess what he never did6   
,and who did take the fruit8 asked the  
canon4  ,i and ,eliza1 replied the      
little girl without hesitation4  ,there 
was a universal exclamation4  ,my poor  
child1 said the archdeacon1 embracing   
,napoleon tenderly1 why did you not     
undeceive us8  ,i suspected it was      
,eliza1 replied ,napoleon2 but ,i was   
not sure4 ,at all events1 ,i would not  
have told1 for ,panoria's sake1 who is  
not a liar4  ,the reader may imagine how
 ,napoleon was caressed and rewarded to 
make him amends for the pain he had     
unjustly suffered4 ,as to ,eliza1 she   

was severely and rightly punished3 first
 for her gluttony2 and then for what was
 much worse--her cowardice and deceit in
 allowing her innocent brother to suffer
 for her fault4     ,,wilberforce ,,and 
,,chalmers4   ,i have seldom observed a 
more amusing and pleasing contrast      
between two great men than between      
,wilberforce and ,chalmers4 ,chalmers is
 stout and erect1 with a broad          
countenance--,wilberforce minute1 and   
singularly twisted3 ,chalmers1 both in  
body and mind1 moves with1 a deliberate 
step--,wilberforce1 infirm as he is in  
his advanced years1 flies about with    
astonishing activity1 and while1 with   
nimble finger1 he seizes on every thing 
that adorns or diversifies his path1 his
 mind flits from object to object with  
unceasing versatility4 ,i often think   
that particular men bear about with them
 an analogy to particular animals3      
,chalmers is like a good-tempered       
lion--,wilberforce is like a bee3       
,chalmers can say a pleasant thing now  

and then1 and laugh when he has said it1
 and he has a strong touch of humor in  
his countenance1 but in general he is   
grave1 his thoughts grow to a great size
 before they are uttered--,wilberforce  
sparkles with life and wit1 and the     
characteristic of his mind is rapid     
productiveness4 ,a man might be in      
,chalmers's company for an hour1        
especially in a party1 without knowing  
who or what he was--though in the end he
 would be sure to be detected by some   
unexpected display of powerful          
originality4 ,wilberforce1 except when  
fairly asleep1 is never latent4         
,chalmers knows how to vail himself in a
 decent cloud--,wilberforce is always in
 sunshine4 ,seldom1 ,i believe1 has any 
mind been more strung to a perpetual    
tune of love and praise4 ,yet these     
persons1 distinguished as they are from 
the world at large1 and from each other1
 present some admirable points of       
resemblance4 ,both of them are broad    
thinkers1 and liberal feelers2 both of  

them are arrayed in humility1 meekness1 
and charity3 both appear to hold self in
 little reputation3 above all1 both love
 the ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 and          
reverently acknowledge him to be their  
only ,saviour4--,hanna's ,memoirs of    
,chalmers4     ,,my ,,novel2 ,,or1      
,,varieties ,,in ,,english ,,life4      
7,continued from page #fih47   ,,chapter
 ,,xiii4  ,mr4 ,dale had been more than 
a quarter of an hour conversing with    
,mrs4 ,avenel1 and had seemingly made   
little progress in the object of his    
diplomatic mission1 for now1 slowly     
drawing on his gloves1 he said1  ,i     
grieve to think1 ,mrs4 ,avenel1 that you
 should have so hardened your           
heart--yes--you must pardon me--it is my
 vocation to speak stern truths4 ,you   
can not say that ,i have not kept faith 
with you1 but ,i must now invite you to 
remember that ,i specially reserved to  
myself the right of exercising a        
discretion to act as ,i judged best1 for
 the child's interests1 on any future   

occasion2 and it was upon this          
understanding that you gave me the      
promise1 which you would now evade1 of  
providing for him when he came into     
manhood4  ,i say ,i will provide for    
him4 ,i say that you may 'prentice him  
in any distant town1 and by-and-by we   
will stock a shop for him4 ,what would  
you have more1 sir1 from folks like us1 
who have kept shop ourselves8 ,it ain't 
reasonable what you ask1 sir8  ,my dear 
friend1 said the ,parson1 what ,i ask of
 you at present is but to see him--to   
receive him kindly--to listen to his    
conversation--to judge for yourselves4  
,we can have but a common object--that  
your grandson should succeed in life1   
and do you credit4 ,now1 ,i doubt very  
much whether we can effect this by      
making him a small shopkeeper4  ,and has
 ,jane ,fairfield1 who married a common 
carpenter1 brought him up to despise    
small shopkeepers8 exclaimed ,mrs4      
,avenel1 angrily4  ,heaven forbid6 ,some
 of the first men in ,england have been 

the sons of small shopkeepers4 ,but is  
it a crime in them1 or their parents1 if
 their talents have lifted them into    
such rank or renown as the haughtiest   
duke might envy8 ,england were not      
,england if a man must rest where his   
father began4  ,good6 said1 or rather   
grunted1 an approving voice1 but neither
 ,mrs4 ,avenel nor the ,parson heard it4
  ,all very fine1 said ,mrs4 ,avenel1   
bluntly4 ,but to send a boy like that to
 the university--where's the money to   
come from8  ,my dear ,mrs4 ,avenel1 said
 the ,parson1 coaxingly1 the cost need  
not be great at a small college at      
,cambridge2 and if you will pay half the
 expense1 ,i will pay the other half4 ,i
 have no children of my own1 and can    
afford it4  ,that's very handsome in    
you1 sir1 said ,mrs4 ,avenel1 somewhat  
touched1 yet still not graciously4 ,but 
the money is not the only point4  ,once 
at ,cambridge1 continued ,mr4 ,dale1    
speaking rapidly1 at ,cambridge1 where  
the studies are mathematical--that is1  

of a nature for which he has shown so   
great an aptitude--and ,i have no doubt 
he will distinguish himself2 if he does1
 he will obtain1 on leaving1 what is    
called a fellowship--that is a          
collegiate dignity accompanied by an    
income on which he could maintain       
himself until he made his way in life4  
,come1 ,mrs4 ,avenel1 you are well off2 
you have no relations nearer to you in  
want of your aid4 ,your son1 ,i hear1   
has been very fortunate4  ,sir1 said    
,mrs4 ,avenel1 interrupting the ,parson1
 it is not because my son ,richard is an
 honor to us1 and is a good son1 and has
 made his fortin1 that we are to rob him
 of what we have to leave1 and give it  
to a boy whom we know nothing about1 and
 who1 in spite of what you say1 can't   
bring upon us any credit at all4  ,why8 
,i don' see that4  ,why8 exclaimed ,mrs4
 ,avenel1 fiercely--why8 you know why4  
,no1 ,i don't want him to rise in life3 
,i don't want folks to be speiring and  
asking about him4 ,i think it is a very 

wicked thing to have put fine notions in
 his head1 and ,i am sure my daughter   
,fairfield could not have done it       
herself4 ,and now1 to ask me to rob     
,richard1 and bring out a great         
boy--who's been a gardener1 or plowman1 
or such like--to disgrace a gentleman   
who keeps his carriage1 as my son       
,richard does--,i would have you to     
know1 sir1 no6 ,i won't do it1 and      
there's an end to the matter4  ,during  
the last two or three minutes1 and just 
before that approving good had responded
 to the ,parson's popular sentiment1 a  
door communicating with an inner room   
had been gently opened1 and stood ajar2 
but this incident neither party had even
 noticed4 ,but now the door was thrown  
boldly open1 and the traveler whom the  
,parson had met at the inn walked up to 
,mr4 ,dale1 and said1 ,no6 that's not   
the end of the matter4 ,you say the     
boy's a 'cute clever lad8  ,richard1    
have you been listening8 exclaimed ,mrs4
 ,avenel4  ,well1 ,i guess1 yes--the    

last few minutes4  ,and what have you   
heard8  ,why1 that this reverend        
gentleman thinks so highly of my sister 
,fairfield's boy that he offers to pay  
half of his keep at college4 ,sir1 ,i'm 
very much obliged to you1 and there's my
 hand1 if you'll take it4  ,the ,parson 
jumped up1 overjoyed1 and1 with a       
triumphant glance toward ,mrs4 ,avenel1 
shook hands heartily with ,mr4 ,richard4
  ,now1 said the latter1 just put on    
your hat1 sir1 and take a stroll with   
me1 and we'll discuss the thing         
business-like4 ,women don't understand  
business2 never talk to women on        
business4  ,with these words1 ,mr4      
,richard drew out a cigar-case1 selected
 a cigar1 which he applied to the       
candle1 and walked into the hall4  ,mrs4
 ,avenel caught hold of the ,parson4    
,sir1 you'll be on your guard with      
,richard4 ,remember your promise4  ,he  
does not know all1 then8  ,he8 ,no6 ,and
 you see he did not overhear more than  
what he says4 ,i'm sure you're a        

gentleman1 and won't go agin your word4 
,my word was conditional2 but ,i will   
promise you never to break the silence  
without more reason than ,i think there 
is here for it4 ,indeed1 ,mr4 ,richard  
,avenel seems to save all necessity for 
that4  ,are you coming1 sir8 cried      
,richard1 as he opened the street door4 
,,chapter ,,xiv4  ,the ,parson joined   
,mr4 ,richard ,avenel on the road4 ,it  
was a fine night1 and the moon clear and
 shining4  ,so1 then1 said ,mr4 ,richard
 thoughtfully1 poor ,jane1 who was      
always the drudge of the family1 has    
contrived to bring up her son well2 and 
the boy is really what you say1         
eh8--could make a figure at college8  ,i
 am sure of it1 said the ,parson1       
hooking himself on to the arm which ,mr4
 ,avenel proffered4  ,i should like to  
see him1 said ,richard4 ,has he any     
manner8 ,is he genteel8 or a mere       
country lout8  ,indeed he speaks with so
 much propriety1 and has so much modest 
dignity1 ,i might say1 about him1 that  

there's many a rich gentleman who would 
be proud of such a son4  ,it is odd1    
observed ,richard1 what difference there
 is in families4 ,there's ,jane now--who
 can't read nor write1 and was just fit 
to be a workman's wife--had not a       
thought above her station2 and when ,i  
think of my poor sister ,nora--you would
 not believe it1 sir1 but she was the   
most elegant creature in the world--yes1
 even as a child 7she was but a child   
when ,i went off to ,america74 ,and     
often1 as ,i was getting on in life1    
often ,i used to say to myself1 ',my    
little ,nora shall be a lady after all4'
 ,poor thing--but she died young4       
,richard's voice grew husky4  ,the      
,parson kindly pressed the arm on which 
he leaned1 and said1 after a pause1     
,nothing refines us like education1 sir4
 ,i believe your sister ,nora had       
received much instruction1 and had the  
talents to profit by it2 it is the same 
with your nephew4  ,i'll see him1 said  
,richard1 stamping his foot firmly on   

the ground1 and if ,i like him1 ,i'll be
 as good as a father to him4 ,look you1 
,mr4 ---- what's your name1 sir8  ,dale4
  ,mr4 ,dale1 look you1 ,i'm a single   
man4 ,perhaps ,i may marry some day2    
perhaps ,i shan't4 ,i'm not going to    
throw myself away4 ,if ,i can get a lady
 of quality1 why--but that's neither    
here nor there2 meanwhile1 ,i should be 
glad of a nephew whom ,i need not be    
ashamed of4 ,you see1 sir1 ,i'm a new   
man1 the builder of my own fortunes2    
and1 though ,i have picked up a little  
education--,i don't well know how--as ,i
 scrambled on1 still1 now ,i come back  
to the old country ,i'm well aware that 
,i am not exactly a match for those     
d----d aristocrats2 don't show so well  
in a drawing-room as ,i could wish4 ,i  
could be a ,parliament man if ,i liked1 
but ,i might make a goose of myself2 so1
 all things considered1 if ,i can get a 
sort of junior partner to do the polite 
work1 and show off the goods1 ,i think  
the house of ,avenel  ,co4 might become 

a pretty considerable honor to the      
,britishers4 ,you understand me1 sir8   
,oh1 very well1 answered ,mr4 ,dale     
smiling1 though rather gravely4  ,now1  
continued the ,new ,man1 ,i'm not       
ashamed to have risen in life by my own 
merits2 and ,i don't disguise what ,i've
 been4 ,and1 when ,i'm in my own grand  
house1 ,i'm fond of saying1 ',i landed  
at ,new ,york with #aj in my purse1 and 
here ,i am6' ,but it would not do to    
have the old folks with me4 ,people take
 you with all your faults1 if you're    
rich2 but they won't swallow your family
 into the bargain4 ,so if ,i don't have 
my own father and mother1 whom ,i love  
dearly1 and should like to see sitting  
at table1 with my servants behind their 
chairs1 ,i could still less have sister 
,jane4 ,i recollect her very well1 and  
she can't have got genteeler as she's   
grown older4 ,therefore ,i beg you'll   
not set her on coming after me2 it won't
 do by any manner of means4 ,don't say a
 word about me to her4 ,but send the boy

 down here to his grandfather1 and ,i'll
 see him quietly1 you understand4  ,yes1
 but it will be hard to separate her    
from the boy4  ,stuff6 all boys are     
separated from their parents when they  
go into the world4 ,so that's settled6  
,now1 just tell me4 ,i know the old     
folks always snubbed ,jane--that is1    
mother did4 ,my poor dear father never  
snubbed any of us4 ,perhaps mother has  
not behaved altogether well to ,jane4   
,but we must not blame her for that2 you
 see this is how it happened4 ,there    
were a good many of us1 while father and
 mother kept shop in the ,high-street1  
so we were all to be provided for       
anyhow2 and ,jane1 being very useful and
 handy at work1 got a place when she was
 a little girl1 and had no time for     
learning4 ,afterward my father made a   
lucky hit1 in getting my ,lord          
,lansmere's custom after an election1 in
 which he did a great deal for the      
,blues 7for he was a famous             
electioneerer1 my poor father74 ,my     

,lady stood godmother to ,nora2 and then
 most of my brothers and sisters died   
off1 and father retired from business2  
and when he took ,jane from service1 she
 was so common-like that mother could   
not help contrasting her with ,nora4    
,you see ,jane was their child when they
 were poor little shop-people1 with     
their heads scarce above water2 and     
,nora was their child when they were    
well off1 and had retired from trade1   
and lived genteel3 so that makes a great
 difference4 ,and mother did not quite  
look on her as her own child4 ,but it   
was ,jane's own fault2 for mother would 
have made it up with her if she had     
married the son of our neighbor the     
great linendraper1 as she might have    
done2 but she would take ,mark          
,fairfield1 a common carpenter4 ,parents
 like best those of their children who  
succeed best in life4 ,natural4 ,why1   
they did not care for me till ,i came   
back the man ,i am4 ,but to return to   
,jane3 ,i'm afraid they've neglected    

her4 ,how is she off8  ,she earns her   
livelihood1 and is poor1 but contented4 
,ah1 just be good enough to give her    
this1 7and ,richard took a bank-note of 
#ej from his pocket-book74 ,you can say 
the old folks sent it to her2 or that it
 is a present from ,dick1 without       
telling her he had come back from       
,america4  ,my dear sir1 said the       
,parson1 ,i am more and more thankful to
 have made your acquaintance4 ,this is a
 very liberal gift of yours2 but your   
best plan will be to send it through    
your mother4 ,for1 though ,i don't want 
to betray any confidence you place in   
me1 ,i should not know what to answer if
 ,mrs4 ,fairfield began to question me  
about her brother4 ,i never had but one 
secret to keep1 and ,i hope ,i shall    
never have another4 ,a secret is very   
like a lie6  ,you had a secret1 then1   
said ,richard1 as he took back the      
bank-note4 ,he had learned1 perhaps1 in 
,america1 to be a very inquisitive man4 
,he added point-blank1 ,pray what was   

it8  ,why1 what it would not be if ,i   
told you1 said the ,parson1 with a      
forced laugh--a secret6  ,well1 ,i guess
 we're in a land of liberty--do as you  
like4 ,now1 ,i dare say you think me a  
very odd fellow to come out of my shell 
to you in this off-hand way4 ,but ,i    
liked the look of you1 even when we were
 at the inn together4 ,and just now ,i  
was uncommonly pleased to find that1    
though you are a ,parson1 you don't want
 to keep a man's nose down to a         
shop-board1 if he has any thing in him4 
,you're not one of the aristocrats--    
,indeed1 said the ,parson1 with         
imprudent warmth1 it is not the         
character of the aristocracy of this    
country to keep people down4 ,they make 
way among themselves for any man1       
whatever his birth1 who has the talent  
and energy to aspire to their level4    
,that's the especial boast of the       
,british constitution1 sir6  ,oh1 you   
think so1 do you8 said ,mr4 ,richard1   
looking sourly at the ,parson4 ,i dare  

say those are the opinions in which you 
have brought up the lad4 ,just keep him 
yourself1 and let the aristocracy       
provide for him6  ,the ,parson's        
generous and patriotic warmth evaporated
 at once1 at this sudden inlet of cold  
air into the conversation4 ,he perceived
 that he had made a terrible blunder2   
and1 as it was not his business at that 
moment to vindicate the ,british        
constitution1 but to serve ,leonard     
,fairfield1 he abandoned the cause of   
the aristocracy with the most poltroon  
and scandalous abruptness4 ,catching at 
the arm which ,mr4 ,avenel had withdrawn
 from him1 he exclaimed3  ,indeed1 sir1 
you are mistaken2 ,i have never         
attempted to influence your nephew's    
political opinions4 ,on the contrary1   
if1 at his age1 he can be said to have  
formed any opinion1 ,i am greatly       
afraid--that is1 ,i think his opinions  
are by no means sound--that is1         
constitutional4 ,i mean1 ,i mean-- ,and 
the poor ,parson1 anxious to select a   

word that would not offend his listener1
 stopped short in lamentable confusion  
of idea4  ,mr4 ,avenel enjoyed his      
distress for a moment1 with a saturnine 
smile1 and then said1  ,well1 ,i        
calculate he's a ,radical4 ,natural     
enough1 if he has not got a sixpence to 
lose--all come right by-and-by4 ,i'm not
 a ,radical--at least not a             
destructive--much too clever a man for  
that1 ,i hope4 ,but ,i wish to see      
things very different from what they    
are4 ,don't fancy that ,i want the      
common people1 who've got nothing1 to   
pretend to dictate to their betters1    
because ,i hate to see a parcel of      
fellows1 who are called lords and       
squires1 trying to rule the roast4 ,i   
think1 sir1 that it is men like me who  
ought to be at the top of the tree6 and 
that's the long and short of it4 ,what  
do you say8  ,i've not the least        
objection1 said the crest-fallen        
,parson1 basely4 ,but1 to do him        
justice1 ,i must add that he did not the

 least know what he was saying6         
,,chapter ,,xv4  ,unconscious of the    
change in his fate which the diplomacy  
of the ,parson sought to effect1        
,leonard ,fairfield was enjoying the    
first virgin sweetness of fame2 for the 
principal town in his neighborhood had  
followed the then growing fashion of the
 age1 and set up a ,mechanics'          
,institute2 and some worthy persons     
interested in the formation of that     
provincial ,athenum had offered a prize 
for the best ,essay on the ,diffusion of
 ,knowledge--a very trite subject1 on   
which persons seem to think they can    
never say too much1 and on which there  
is1 nevertheless1 a great deal yet to be
 said4 ,this prize ,leonard ,fairfield  
had recently won4 ,his ,essay had been  
publicly complimented by a full meeting 
of the ,institute2 it had been printed  
at the expense of the ,society1 and had 
been rewarded by a silver               
medal--delineative of ,apollo crowning  
,merit 7poor ,merit had not a rag to his

 back2 but ,merit1 left only to the care
 of ,apollo1 never is too good a        
customer to the tailor67 ,and the       
,county ,gazette had declared that      
,britain had produced another prodigy in
 the person of ,dr4 ,riccabocca's       
self-educated gardener4  ,attention was 
now directed to ,leonard's mechanical   
contrivances4 ,the ,squire1 ever eagerly
 bent on improvements1 had brought an   
engineer to inspect the lad's system of 
irrigation1 and the engineer had been   
greatly struck by the simple means by   
which a very considerable technical     
difficulty had been overcome4 ,the      
neighboring farmers now called ,leonard 
,mr4 ,fairfield1 and invited him on     
equal terms to their houses4 ,mr4 ,stirn
 had met him on the high road1 touched  
his hat1 and hoped that he bore no      
malice4 ,all this1 ,i say1 was the first
 sweetness of fame2 and if ,leonard     
,fairfield comes to be a great man1 he  
will never find such sweets in the after
 fruit4 ,it was this success which had  

determined the ,parson on the step which
 he had just taken1 and which he had    
long before anxiously meditated4 ,for1  
during the last year or so1 he had      
renewed his old intimacy with the widow 
and the boy2 and he had noticed1 with   
great hope and great fear1 the rapid    
growth of an intellect1 which now stood 
out from the lowly circumstances that   
surrounded it in bold and unharmonizing 
relief4  ,it was the evening after his  
return home that the ,parson strolled up
 to the ,casino4 ,he put ,leonard       
,fairfield's ,prize ,essay in his       
pocket4 ,for he felt that he could not  
let the young man go forth into the     
world without a preparatory lecture1 and
 he intended to scourge poor ,merit with
 the very laurel wreath which it had    
received from ,apollo4 ,but in this he  
wanted ,riccabocca's assistance3 or     
rather1 he feared that1 if he did not   
get the ,philosopher on his side1 the   
,philosopher might undo all the work of 
the ,parson4   ,,chapter ,,xvi4  ,a     

sweet sound came through the orange     
boughs1 and floated to the ears of the  
,parson1 as he wound slowly up the      
gentle ascent--so sweet1 so silvery1 he 
paused in delight--unaware1 wretched    
man6 that he was thereby conniving at   
,papistical errors4 ,soft it came1 and  
sweet3 softer and sweeter--,ave ,maria6 
,violante was chanting the evening hymn 
to the ,virgin ,mother4 ,the ,parson at 
last distinguished the sense of the     
words1 and shook his head with the pious
 shake of an orthodox ,protestant4 ,he  
broke from the spell resolutely1 and    
walked on with a sturdy step4 ,gaining  
the terrace1 he found the little family 
seated under an awning4 ,mrs4           
,riccabocca knitting2 the ,signor with  
his arms folded on his breast3 the book 
he had been reading a few moments before
 had fallen on the ground1 and his dark 
eyes were soft and dreamy4 ,violante had
 finished her hymn1 and seated herself  
on the ground between the two1 pillowing
 her head on her step-mother's lap1 but 

with her hand resting on her father's   
knee1 and her gaze fixed fondly on his  
face4  ,good evening1 said ,mr4 ,dale4  
,violante stole up to him1 and1 pulling 
him so as to bring his ear nearer to her
 lip1 whispered1 ,talk to papa1 do--and 
cheerfully2 he is sad4  ,she escaped    
from him1 as she said this1 and appeared
 to busy herself with watering the      
flowers arranged on stands round the    
awning4 ,but she kept her swimming1     
lustrous eyes wistfully on her father4  
,how fares it with you1 my dear friend8'
 said the ,parson1 kindly1 as he rested 
his hand on the ,italian's shoulder4    
,you must not let him get out of        
spirits1 ,mrs4 ,riccabocca4  ,i am very 
ungrateful to her if ,i ever am so1 said
 the poor ,italian1 with all his natural
 gallantry4 ,many a good wife1 who      
thinks it is a reproach to her if her   
husband is ever out of spirits1 might   
have turned peevishly from that speech  
more elegant than sincere1 and so have  
made bad worse4 ,but ,mrs4 ,riccabocca  

took her husband's proffered hand       
affectionately1 and said with great     
naivet--  ,you see ,i am so stupid1 ,mr4
 ,dale2 ,i never knew ,i was so stupid  
till ,i married4 ,but ,i am very glad   
you are come4 ,you can get on some      
learned subject together1 and then he   
will not miss so much his--  ,his what8 
asked ,riccabocca inquisitively4  ,his  
country4 ,do you think that ,i can not  
sometimes read your thoughts8  ,very    
often4 ,but you did not read them just  
then4 ,the tongue touches where the     
tooth aches1 but the best dentist can   
not guess at the tooth unless one opens 
one's mouth4--,basta6 ,can we offer you 
some wine of our own making1 ,mr4 ,dale8
 it is pure4  ,i'd rather have some tea1
 quoth the ,parson hastily4  ,mrs4      
,riccabocca1 too pleased to be in her   
natural element of domestic use1 hurried
 into the house to prepare our national 
beverage4 ,and the ,parson1 sliding into
 her chair1 said3  ,but you are         
dejected1 then8 ,fie6 ,if there's a     

virtue in the world at which we should  
always aim1 it is cheerfulness4  ,i     
don't dispute it1 said ,riccabocca1 with
 a heavy sigh4 ,but though it is said by
 some ,greek1 who1 ,i think1 is quoted  
by your favorite ,seneca1 that a wise   
man carries his country with him at the 
soles of his feet1 he can't carry also  
the sunshine4  ,i tell you what it is1  
said the ,parson1 bluntly4 ,you would   
have a much keener sense of happiness if
 you had much less esteem for           
philosophy4  ,cospetto6 said the        
,doctor1 rousing himself4 ,just explain1
 will you8  ,does not the search after  
wisdom induce desires not satisfied in  
this small circle to which your life is 
confined8 ,it is not so much your       
country for which you yearn1 as it is   
for space to your intellect1 employment 
for your thoughts1 career for your      
aspirations4  ,you have guessed at the  
tooth which aches1 said ,riccabocca1    
with admiration4  ,easy to do that1     
answered the ,parson4 ,our wisdom teeth 

come last1 and give us the most pain4   
,and if you would just starve the mind a
 little1 and nourish the heart more1 you
 would be less of a philosopher1 and    
more of a-- ,the ,parson had the word   
,christian at the tip of his tongue3 he 
suppressed a word that1 so spoken1 would
 have been exceedingly irritating1 and  
substituted1 with inelegant antithesis1 
and more of a happy man6  ,i do all ,i  
can with my heart1 quoth the ,doctor4   
,not you6 ,for a man with such a heart  
as yours should never feel the want of  
the sunshine4 ,my friend1 we live in an 
age of over mental cultivation4 ,we     
neglect too much the simple1 healthful  
outer life1 in which there is so much   
positive joy4 ,in turning to the world  
within us1 we grow blind to this        
beautiful world without2 in studying    
ourselves as men1 we almost forget to   
look up to heaven1 and warm to the smile
 of ,god4  ,the philosopher mechanically
 shrugged his shoulders1 as he always   
did when another man                    

moralized--especially if the moralizer  
were a priest2 but there was no irony in
 his smile1 as he answered thoughtfully2
  ,there is some truth in what you say4 
,i own that we live too much as if we   
were all brain4 ,knowledge has its      
penalties and pains1 as well as its     
prizes4  ,that is just what ,i want you 
to say to ,leonard4  ,how have you      
settled the object of your journey8  ,i 
will tell you as we walk down to him    
after tea4 ,at present1 ,i am rather too
 much occupied with you4  ,me8 ,the tree
 is formed--try only to bend the young  
twig6  ,trees are trees1 and twigs      
twigs1 said the ,parson1 dogmatically2  
but man is always growing till he falls 
into the grave4 ,i think ,i have heard  
you say that you once had a narrow      
escape of a prison8  ,very narrow4      
,just suppose that you were now in that 
prison1 and that a fairy conjured up the
 prospect of this quiet home in a safe  
land2 that you saw the orange-trees in  
flower1 felt the evening breeze on your 

cheek2 beheld your child gay or sad1 as 
you smiled or knit your brow2 that      
within this phantom home was a woman1   
not1 indeed all your young romance might
 have dreamed of1 but faithful and true1
 every beat of her heart all your       
own--would you not cry from the depth of
 the dungeon1 ',o fairy6 such a change  
were a paradise4' ,ungrateful man6 you  
want interchange for your mind1 and your
 heart should suffice for all6          
,riccabocca was touched and silent4     
,come hither1 my child1 said ,mr4 ,dale1
 turning round to ,violante1 who still  
stood among the flowers1 out of hearing1
 but with watchful eyes4 ,come hither1  
he said1 opening his arms4  ,violante   
bounded forward1 and nestled to the good
 man's heart4  ,tell me1 ,violante1 when
 you are alone in the fields or the     
garden1 and have left your father       
looking pleased and serene1 so that you 
have no care for him at your heart--tell
 me1 ,violante1 though you are all      
alone1 with the flowers below and the   

birds singing overhead1 do you feel that
 life itself is happiness or sorrow8    
,happiness6 answered ,violante1 half    
shutting her eyes1 and in a measured    
voice4  ,can you explain what kind of   
happiness it is8  ,oh1 no1 impossible6  
and it is never the same4 ,sometimes it 
is so still--so still--and sometimes so 
joyous1 that ,i long for wings to fly up
 to ,god1 and thank him6  ,o1 friend1   
said the ,parson1 this is the true      
sympathy between life and nature1 and   
thus we should feel ever1 did we take   
more care to preserve the health and    
innocence of a child4 ,we are told that 
we must become as children to enter into
 the kingdom of heaven2 methinks we     
should also become as children to know  
what delight there is in our heritage of
 earth6   ,,chapter ,,xvii4  ,the       
maid-servant 7for ,jackeymo was in the  
fields7 brought the table under the     
awning1 and1 with the ,english luxury of
 tea1 there were other drinks as cheap  
and as grateful on summer               

evenings--drinks which ,jackeymo had    
retained and taught from the customs of 
the south--unebriate liquors1 pressed   
from cooling fruits1 sweetened with     
honey1 and deliciously iced2 ice should 
cost nothing in a country in which one  
is frozen up half the year6 ,and        
,jackeymo1 too1 had added to our good1  
solid1 heavy ,english bread1            
preparations of wheat much lighter1 and 
more propitious to digestion--with those
 crisp grissins1 which seem to enjoy    
being eaten1 they make so pleasant a    
noise between one's teeth4  ,the ,parson
 esteemed it a little treat to drink tea
 with the ,riccaboccas4 ,there was      
something of elegance and grace in that 
homely meal1 at the poor exile's table1 
which pleased the eye as well as taste4 
,and the very utensils1 plain ,wedgewood
 though they were1 had a classical      
simplicity1 which made ,mrs4            
,hazeldean's old ,india delf1 and ,mrs4 
,dale's best ,worcester china1 look     
tawdry and barbarous in comparison4 ,for

 it was ,flaxman who gave designs to    
,wedgewood1 and the most truly refined  
of all our manufactures in porcelain 7if
 we do not look to the mere material7 is
 in the reach of the most thrifty4  ,the
 little banquet was at first rather a   
silent one2 but ,riccabocca threw off   
his gloom1 and became gay and animated4 
,then poor ,mrs4 ,riccabocca smiled1 and
 pressed the grissins2 and ,violante1   
forgetting all her stateliness1 laughed 
and played tricks on the ,parson1       
stealing away his cup of warm tea when  
his head was turned1 and substituting   
iced cherry-juice4 ,then the ,parson got
 up and ran after ,violante1 making     
angry faces1 and ,violante dodged       
beautifully1 till the ,parson1 fairly   
tired out1 was too glad to cry ,peace1  
and come back to the cherry-juice4 ,thus
 time rolled on1 till they heard afar   
the stroke of the distant church-clock1 
and ,mr4 ,dale started up and cried1    
,but we shall be too late for ,leonard4 
,come1 naughty little girl1 get your    

father his hat4  ,and umbrella6 said    
,riccabocca1 looking up at the cloudless
 moonlit sky4  ,umbrella against the    
stars8 asked the ,parson1 laughing4     
,the stars are no friends of mine1 said 
,riccabocca1 and one never knows what   
may happen6  ,the ,philosopher and the  
,parson walked on amicably4  ,you have  
done me good1 said ,riccabocca1 but ,i  
hope ,i am not always so unreasonably   
melancholic as you seem to suspect4 ,the
 evenings will sometimes appear long1   
and dull too1 to a man whose thoughts on
 the past are almost his sole           
companions4  ,sole companions8--your    
child8  ,she is so young4  ,your wife8  
,she is so--1 the bland ,italian        
appeared to check some disparaging      
adjective1 and mildly added1 so good1 ,i
 allow2 but you must own that we can not
 have much in common4  ,i own nothing of
 the sort4 ,you have your house and your
 interests1 your happiness and your     
lives1 in common4 ,we men are so        
exacting1 we expect to find ideal nymphs

 and goddesses when we condescend to    
marry a mortal2 and if we did1 our      
chickens would be boiled to rags1 and   
our mutton come up as cold as a stone4  
,per ,bacco1 you are an oracle1 said    
,riccabocca1 laughing4 ,but ,i am not so
 skeptical as you are4 ,i honor the fair
 sex too much4 ,there are a great many  
women who realize the ideal of men to be
 found in--the poets6  ,there's my dear 
,mrs4 ,dale1 resumed the ,parson1 not   
heeding this sarcastic compliment to the
 sex1 but sinking his voice into a      
whisper1 and looking round              
cautiously--there's my dear ,mrs4 ,dale1
 the best woman in the world--an angel  
,i would say1 if the word was not       
profane2 ,,but--  ,what's the ,,but     
asked the ,doctor demurely4  ,,but ,i   
too might say that 'we have not much in 
common1' if ,i were only to compare mind
 to mind1 and1 when my poor ,carry says 
something less profound than ,madame de 
,stael might have said1 smile on her in 
contempt from the elevation of logic and

 ,latin4 ,yet1 when ,i remember all the 
little sorrows and joys that we have    
shared together1 and feel how solitary  
,i should have been without her--oh1    
then1 ,i am instantly aware that there  
is between us in common something       
infinitely closer and better than if the
 same course of study had given us the  
same equality of ideas2 and ,i was      
forced to brace myself for a combat of  
intellect1 as ,i am when ,i fall in with
 a tiresome sage like yourself4 ,i don't
 pretend to say that ,mrs4 ,riccabocca  
is a ,mrs4 ,dale1 added the ,parson1    
with lofty candor--there is but one     
,mrs4 ,dale in the world2 but still1 you
 have drawn a prize in the wheel        
matrimonial6 ,think of ,socrates1 and   
yet he was content even with            
his--,xantippe6  ,dr4 ,riccabocca called
 to mind ,mrs4 ,dale's little tempers1  
and inly rejoiced that no second ,mrs4  
,dale had existed to fall to his own    
lot4 ,his placid ,jemima gained by the  
contrast4 ,nevertheless1 he had the ill 

grace to reply1 ,socrates was a man     
beyond all imitation6--,yet ,i believe  
that even he spent very few of his      
evenings at home4 ,but1 revenons  nos   
moutons1 we are nearly at ,mrs4         
,fairfield's cottage1 and you have not  
yet told me what you have settled as to 
,leonard4  ,the ,parson halted1 took    
,riccabocca by the button1 and informed 
him1 in very few words1 that ,leonard   
was to go to ,lansmere to see some      
relations there1 who had the fortune1 if
 they had the will1 to give full career 
to his abilities4  ,the great thing1 in 
the mean while1 said the ,parson1 would 
be to enlighten him a little as to what 
he calls--enlightenment4  ,ah6 said     
,riccabocca1 diverted1 and rubbing his  
hands1 ,i shall listen with interest to 
what you say on that subject4  ,and must
 aid me2 for the first step in this     
modern march of enlightenment is to     
leave the poor ,parson behind2 and if   
one calls out1 ',hold6 and look at the  
sign-post1' the traveler hurries on the 

faster1 saying to himself1 ',pooh1      
pooh6--that is only the cry of the      
,parson6' ,but my gentleman1 when he    
doubts me1 will listen to you--you're a 
philosopher6  ,we philosophers are of   
some use now and then1 even to ,parsons6
  ,if you were not so conceited a set of
 deluded poor creatures already1 ,i     
would say ',yes1' replied the ,parson   
generously2 and1 taking hold of         
,riccabocca's umbrella1 he applied the  
brass handle thereof1 by way of a       
knocker1 to the cottage door4           
,,chapter ,,xviii4  ,certainly it is a  
glorious fever that desire ,to ,know6   
,and there are few sights in the moral  
world more sublime than that which many 
a garret might afford1 if ,asmodeus     
would bare the roofs to our             
survey--viz41 a brave1 patient1 earnest 
human being1 toiling his own arduous    
way1 athwart the iron walls of penury1  
into the magnificent ,infinite1 which is
 luminous with starry souls4  ,so there 
sits ,leonard1 the self-taught1 in the  

little cottage alone2 for1 though       
scarcely past the hour in which great   
folks dine1 it is the hour in which     
small folks go to bed1 and ,mrs4        
,fairfield has retired to rest1 while   
,leonard has settled to his books4 ,he  
had placed his table under the lattice1 
and from time to time he looked up and  
enjoyed the stillness of the moon4 ,well
 for him that1 in reparation for those  
hours stolen from night1 the hardy      
physical labor commenced with dawn4     
,students would not be the sad          
dyspeptics they are1 if they worked as  
many hours in the open air as my        
scholar-peasant4 ,but even in him you   
could see that the mind had begun a     
little to affect the frame4 ,they who   
task the intellect must pay the penalty 
with the body4 ,ill1 believe me1 would  
this work-day world get on if all within
 it were hard-reading1 studious animals1
 playing the deuce with the ganglionic  
apparatus4  ,leonard started as he heard
 the knock at the door2 the ,parson's   

well-known voice reassured him4 ,in some
 surprise1 he admitted his visitors4    
,we are come to talk to you1 ,leonard1  
said ,mr4 ,dale1 but ,i fear we shall   
disturb ,mrs4 ,fairfield4  ,oh1 no1 sir6
 the door to the staircase is shut1 and 
she sleeps soundly4  ,why1 this is a    
,french book--do you read ,french1      
,leonard8 asked ,riccabocca4  ,i have   
not found ,french difficult1 sir4 ,once 
over the grammar1 and the language is so
 clear2 it seems the very language for  
reasoning4  ,true4 ,voltaire said       
justly1 ',whatever is obscure is not    
,french1' observed ,riccabocca4  ,i wish
 ,i could say the same of ,english1     
muttered the ,parson4  ,but what is     
this8--,latin too8--,virgil8  ,yes1 sir4
 ,but ,i find ,i make little way there  
without a master4 ,i fear ,i must give  
it up 7and ,leonard sighed74  ,the two  
gentlemen exchanged looks and seated    
themselves4 ,the young peasant remained 
standing modestly1 and in his air and   
mien there was something that touched   

the heart while it pleased the eye4 ,he 
was no longer the timid boy who had sunk
 from the frown of ,mr4 ,stirn1 nor that
 rude personation of simple physical    
strength1 roused to undisciplined       
bravery1 which had received its downfall
 on the village-green of ,hazeldean4    
,the power of thought was on his        
brow--somewhat unquiet still1 but mild  
and earnest4 ,the features had attained 
that refinement which is often          
attributed to race1 but comes1 in truth1
 from elegance of idea1 whether caught  
from our parents or learned from books4 
,in his rich brown hair1 thrown         
carelessly from his temples1 and curling
 almost to the shoulders in his large   
blue eye1 which was deepened to the hue 
of the violet by the long dark lash--in 
that firmness of lip which comes from   
the grapple with difficulties1 there was
 considerable beauty1 but no longer the 
beauty of the mere peasant4 ,and yet    
there was still about the whole         
countenance that expression of goodness 

and purity which a painter would give to
 his ideal of the peasant lover--such as
 ,tasso would have placed in the        
,aminta1 or ,fletcher have admitted to  
the side of the ,faithful ,shepherdess4 
,you must draw a chair here1 and sit    
down between us1 ,leonard1 said the     
,parson4  ,if any one1 said ,riccabocca 
has a right to sit1 it is the one who is
 to hear the sermon2 and if any one     
ought to stand1 it is the one who is    
about to preach it4  ,don't be          
frightened1 ,leonard1 said the ,parson1 
graciously2 it is only a criticism1 not 
a sermon1 and he pulled out ,leonard's  
,prize ,essay4   ,,chapter ,,xix4       
,,parson4--,you take for your motto this
 aphorism#h--',knowledge is             
,power4--,bacon4'  ,,riccabocca4--,bacon
 make such an aphorism6 ,the last man in
 the world to have said any thing so    
pert and so shallow4  ,,leonard         
7astonished74--,do you mean to say1 sir1
 that that aphorism is not in ,lord     
,bacon6 ,why1 ,i have seen it quoted as 

his in almost every newspaper1 and in   
almost every speech in favor of popular 
education4  ,,riccabocca4--,then that   
should be a warning to you never again  
to fall into the error of the would-be  
scholar--viz41 quote second-hand4 ,lord 
,bacon wrote a great book to show in    
what knowledge is power1 how that power 
should be defined1 in what it might be  
mistaken4 ,and1 pray1 do you think so   
sensible a man would ever have taken the
 trouble to write a great book upon the 
subject1 if he could have packed up all 
he had to say into the portable dogma1  
',knowledge is power8' ,pooh6 no such   
aphorism is to be found in ,bacon from  
the first page of his writings to the   
last4  ,,parson 7candidly74--,well1 ,i  
supposed it was ,lord ,bacon's1 and ,i  
am very glad to hear that the aphorism  
has not the sanction of his authority4  
,,leonard 7recovering his               
surprise74--,but why so8                
,,parson4--,because it either says a    
great deal too much1 or just--nothing at

 all4  ,,leonard4--,at least1 sir1 it   
seems to me undeniable4                 
,,parson4--,well1 grant that it is      
undeniable4 ,does it prove much in favor
 of knowledge8 ,pray1 is not ignorance  
power too8  ,,riccabocca4--,and a power 
that has had much the best end of the   
quarter-staff4  ,,parson4--,all evil is 
power1 and does its power make it any   
thing the better8                       
,,riccabocca4--,fanaticism is power--and
 a power that has often swept away      
knowledge like a whirlwind4 ,the        
,mussulman burns the library of a       
world--and forces the ,koran and the    
sword from the schools of ,byzantium to 
the colleges of ,hindostan4  ,,parson   
7bearing on with a new column of        
illustration74--,hunger is power4 ,the  
barbarians1 starved out of their energy 
by their own swarming population1 swept 
into ,italy and annihilated letters4    
,the ,romans1 however degraded1 had more
 knowledge1 at least1 than the ,gaul and
 the ,visigoth4  ,,riccabocca 7bringing 

up the reserve74--,and even in ,greece1 
when ,greek met ,greek1 the             
,athenians--our masters in all          
knowledge--were beat by the ,spartans1  
who held learning in contempt4          
,,parson4--,wherefore you see1 ,leonard1
 that though knowledge be power1 it is  
only one of the powers of the world2    
that there are others as strong1 and    
often much stronger2 and the assertion  
either means but a barren truism1 not   
worth so frequent a repetition1 or it   
means something that you would find it  
very difficult to prove4                
,,leonard4--,one nation may be beaten by
 another that has more physical strength
 and more military discipline2 which    
last1 permit me to say1 sir1 is a       
species of knowledge--                  
,,riccabocca4--,yes2 but your           
knowledge-mongers at present call upon  
us to discard military discipline1 and  
the qualities that produce it1 from the 
list of the useful arts4 ,and in your   
own essay1 you insist upon knowledge as 

the great disbander of armies1 and the  
foe of all military discipline4         
,,parson4--,let the young man proceed4  
,nations1 you say1 may be beaten by     
other nations less learned and          
civilized8  ,,leonard4--,but knowledge  
elevates a class4 ,i invite my own      
humble order to knowledge1 because      
knowledge will lift them into power4    
,,riccabocca4--,what do you say to that1
 ,mr4 ,dale8  ,,parson4--,in the first  
place1 is it true that the class which  
has the most knowledge gets the most    
power8 ,i suppose philosophers1 like my 
friend ,dr4 ,riccabocca1 think they have
 the most knowledge4 ,and pray1 in what 
age have philosophers governed the      
world8 ,are they not always grumbling   
that nobody attends to them8  ,per      
,bacco1 said ,riccabocca1 if people had 
attended to us1 it would have been a    
droll sort of world by this time6       
,,parson4--,very likely4 ,but1 as a     
general rule1 those have the most       
knowledge who give themselves up to it  

the most4 ,let us put out of the        
question philosophers 7who are often but
 ingenious lunatics71 and speak only of 
erudite scholars1 men of letters and    
practical science1 professors1 tutors1  
and fellows of colleges4 ,i fancy any   
member of ,parliament would tell us that
 there is no class of men which has less
 actual influence on public affairs4    
,they have more knowledge than          
manufacturers and ship-owners1 squires  
and farmers2 but1 do you find that they 
have more power over the ,government and
 the votes of the ,house of ,commons8   
,they ought to have1 said ,leonard4     
,ought they8 said the ,parson3 we'll    
consider that later4 ,meanwhile1 you    
must not escape from your own           
proposition1 which is1 that knowledge is
 power--not that it ought to be4 ,now1  
even granting your corollary1 that the  
power of a class is therefore           
proportioned to its knowledge--pray1 do 
you suppose that while your order1 the  
operatives1 are instructing themselves1 

all the rest of the community are to be 
at a stand-still8 ,diffuse knowledge as 
you may1 you will never produce equality
 of knowledge4 ,those who have most     
leisure1 application1 and aptitude for  
learning1 will still know the most4     
,nay1 by a very natural law1 the more   
general the appetite for knowledge1 the 
more the increased competition would    
favor those most adapted to excel by    
circumstance and nature4 ,at this day1  
there is a vast increase of knowledge   
spread over all society1 compared with  
that in the ,middle ,ages2 but is there 
not a still greater distinction between 
the highly-educated gentleman and the   
intelligent mechanic1 than there was    
then between the baron who could not    
sign his name and the churl at the plow8
 between the accomplished statesman1    
versed in all historical lore1 and the  
voter whose politics are formed by his  
newspaper1 than there was between the   
legislator who passed laws against      
witches1 and the burgher who defended   

his guild from some feudal aggression8  
between the enlightened scholar and the 
dunce of to-day1 than there was between 
the monkish alchemist and the block head
 of yesterday8 ,peasant1 voter1 and     
dunce of this century are no doubt wiser
 than the churl1 burgher1 and blockhead 
of the twelfth4 ,but the gentleman1     
statesman1 and scholar of the present   
age are at least quite as favorable a   
contrast to the alchemist1 witch-burner1
 and baron of old4 ,as the progress of  
enlightenment has done hitherto1 so will
 it ever do4 ,knowledge is like capital3
 the more there is in a country1 the    
greater the disparities in wealth       
between one man and another4 ,therefore1
 if the working class increase in       
knowledge1 so do the other classes2 and 
if the working class rise peacefully and
 legitimately into power1 it is not in  
proportion to their own knowledge alone1
 but rather according as it seems to the
 knowledge of the other orders of the   
community1 that such augmentation of    

proportional power is just1 and safe1   
and wise4  ,placed between the ,parson  
and the ,philosopher1 ,leonard felt that
 his position was not favorable to the  
display of his forces4 ,insensibly he   
edged his chair somewhat away1 and said 
mournfully--  ,then1 according to you1  
the reign of knowledge would be no great
 advance in the aggregate freedom and   
welfare of man8  ,,parson4--,let us     
define4 ,by knowledge1 do you mean      
intellectual cultivation8--by the reign 
of knowledge1 the ascendency of the most
 cultivated minds8  ,,leonard1 7after a 
pause47--,yes4  ,,riccabocca4--,oh      
indiscreet young man1 that is an        
unfortunate concession of yours3 for the
 ascendency of the most cultivated minds
 would be a terrible oligarchy6         
,,parson4--,perfectly true2 and we now  
reply to your exclamation1 that men who1
 by profession1 have most learning ought
 to have more influence than squires and
 merchants1 farmers and mechanics4      
,observe1 all the knowledge that we     

mortals can acquire1 is not knowledge   
positive and perfect1 but knowledge     
comparative1 and subject to all the     
errors and passions of humanity4 ,and   
suppose that you could establish1 as the
 sole regulators of affairs1 those who  
had the most mental cultivation1 do you 
think they would not like that power    
well enough to take all means their     
superior intelligence could devise to   
keep it to themselves8 ,the experiment  
was tried of old by the priests of      
,egypt2 and in the empire of ,china1 at 
this day1 the aristocracy are elected   
from those who have most distinguished  
themselves in learned colleges4 ,if ,i  
may call myself a member of that body1  
'the people1' ,i would rather be an     
,englishman1 however much displeased    
with dull ,ministers and blundering     
,parliaments1 than ,i would be a        
,chinese under the rule of the picked   
sages of the ,celestial ,empire4        
,happily1 therefore1 my dear ,leonard1  
nations are governed by many things     

besides what is commonly called         
knowledge2 and the greatest practical   
ministers1 who1 like ,themistocles1 have
 made small states great--and the most  
dominant races who1 like the ,romans1   
have stretched their rule from a village
 half over the universe--have been      
distinguished by various qualities which
 a philosopher would sneer at1 and a    
knowledge-monger would call 'sad        
prejudices1' and 'lamentable errors of  
reason4'  ,,leonard 7bitterly47--,sir1  
you make use of knowledge itself to     
argue against knowledge4  ,,parson4--,i 
make use of the little ,i know to prove 
the foolishness of idolatry4 ,i do not  
argue against knowledge2 ,i argue       
against knowledge-worship4 ,for here1 ,i
 see in your ,essay1 that you are not   
contented with raising human knowledge  
into something like divine omnipotence1 
you must also confound her with virtue4 
,according to you1 we have only to      
diffuse the intelligence of the few     
among the many1 and all at which we     

preachers aim is accomplished4--,nay    
more2 for whereas we humble preachers   
have never presumed to say1 with the    
heathen ,stoic1 that even virtue is sure
 of happiness be low 7though it be the  
best road to it71 you tell us plainly   
that this knowledge of yours gives not  
only the virtue of a saint1 but bestows 
the bliss of a god4 ,before the steps of
 your idol1 the evils of life disappear4
 ,to hear you1 one has but 'to know1' in
 order to be exempt from the sins and   
sorrows of the ignorant4 ,has it ever   
been so8 ,grant that you diffuse among  
the many all the knowledge ever attained
 by the few4 ,have the wise few been so 
unerring and so happy8 ,you supposed    
that your motto was accurately cited    
from ,bacon4 ,what was ,bacon himself8  
,the poet tells you--      ',the wisest1
 brightest1 meanest of mankind4'  ,can  
you hope to bestow upon the vast mass of
 your order the luminous intelligence of
 this ',lord ,chancellor of nature8'    
,grant that you do so--and what         

guarantee have you for the virtue and   
the happiness which you assume as the   
concomitants of the gift8 ,see ,bacon   
himself2 what black ingratitude6 what   
miserable self-seeking6 what truckling  
servility6 what abject and pitiful      
spirit6 ,so far from intellectual       
knowledge1 in its highest form and type1
 insuring virtue and bliss1 it is by no 
means uncommon to find great mental     
cultivation combined with great moral   
corruption4 7,aside to                  
,riccabocca7--,push on1 will you8       
,,riccabocca4--,a combination remarkable
 in eras as in individuals4 ,petronius  
shows us a state of morals at which a   
commonplace devil would blush1 in the   
midst of a society more intellectually  
cultivated than certainly was that which
 produced ,regulus or the ,horatii4 ,and
 the most learned eras in modern ,italy 
were precisely those which brought the  
vices into the most ghastly refinement4 
,,leonard 7rising in great agitation1   
and clasping his hands47--,i can not    

contend with you1 who produce against   
information so slender and crude as mine
 the stores which have been locked from 
my reach4 ,but ,i feel that there must  
be another side to this shield--a shield
 that you will not even allow to be     
silver4 ,and oh1 if you thus speak of   
knowledge1 why have you encouraged me to
 know8   ,,chapter ,,xx4  ,ah1 my son6  
said the ,parson1 if ,i wished to prove 
the value of ,religion1 would you think 
,i served it much1 if ,i took as my     
motto1 ',religion is power8' ,would not 
that be a base and sordid view of its   
advantages8 ,and would you not say he   
who regards religion as a power1 intends
 to abuse it as a priestcraft8  ,well   
put6 said ,riccabocca4  ,wait a         
moment--let me think4 ,ah--,i see1 sir6 
said ,leonard4  ,,parson4--,if the cause
 be holy1 do not weigh it in the scales 
of the market2 if its objects be        
peaceful1 do not seek to arm it with the
 weapons of strife2 if it is to be the  
cement of society1 do not vaunt it as   

the triumph of class against class4     
,,leonard 7ingenuously47--,you correct  
me nobly1 sir4 ,knowledge is power1 but 
not in the sense in which ,i have       
interpreted the saying4                 
,,parson4--,knowledge is one of the     
powers in the moral world1 but one that1
 in its immediate result1 is not always 
of the most worldly advantage to the    
possessor4 ,it is one of the slowest1   
because one of the most durable1 of     
agencies4 ,it may take a thousand years 
for a thought to come into power2 and   
the thinker who originated it might have
 died in rags or in chains4             
,,riccabocca4--,our ,italian proverb    
saith that 'the teacher is like the     
candle1 which lights others in consuming
 itself4'  ,,parson4--,therefore he who 
has the true ambition of knowledge      
should entertain it for the power of his
 idea1 not for the power it may bestow  
on himself2 it should be lodged in the  
conscience1 and1 like the conscience1   
look for no certain reward on this side 

the grave4 ,and since knowledge is      
compatible with good and with evil1     
would it not be better to say1          
',knowledge is a trust8'  ,you are      
right1 sir1 said ,leonard1 cheerfully1  
pray proceed4  ,,parson4--,you ask me   
why we encourage you to ,,know4 ,first1 
because 7as you say yourself in your    
,essay7 knowledge1 irrespective of gain1
 is in itself a delight1 and ought to be
 something far more4 ,like liberty1 like
 religion1 it may be abused2 but ,i have
 no more right to say that the poor     
shall be ignorant1 than ,i have to say  
that the rich only shall be free1 and   
that the clergy alone shall learn the   
truths of redemption4 ,you truly observe
 in your treatise that knowledge opens  
to us other excitements than those of   
the senses1 and another life than that  
of the moment4 ,the difference between  
us is this1 that you forget that the    
same refinement which brings us new     
pleasures exposes us to new pains--the  
horny hand of the peasant feels not the 

nettles which sting the fine skin of the
 scholar4 ,you forget also1 that        
whatever widens the sphere of the       
desires1 opens to them also new         
temptations4 ,vanity1 the desire of     
applause1 pride1 the sense of           
superiority--gnawing discontent where   
that superiority is not                 
recognized--morbid susceptibility1 which
 comes with all new feelings--the       
underrating of simple pleasures apart   
from the intellectual--the chase of the 
imagination1 often unduly stimulated1   
for things unattainable below--all these
 are surely among the first temptations 
that beset the entrance into knowledge4 
,leonard shaded his face with his hand4 
,hence1 continued the ,parson1          
benignantly--hence1 so far from         
considering that we do all that is      
needful to accomplish ourselves as men1 
when we cultivate only the intellect1 we
 should remember that we thereby        
continually increase the range of our   
desires1 and1 therefore1 of our         

temptations2 and we should endeavor1    
simultaneously1 to cultivate both those 
affections of the heart1 which prove the
 ignorant to be ,god's children no less 
than the wise1 and those moral qualities
 which have made men great and good when
 reading and writing were scarcely      
known--to wit1 patience and fortitude   
under poverty and distress2 humility and
 beneficence amidst grandeur and wealth3
 and1 in counteraction to that egotism1 
which all superiority1 mental or        
worldly1 is apt to inspire1 ,justice1   
the father of all the more solid        
virtues1 softened by ,charity1 which is 
their loving mother4 ,thus accompanied1 
knowledge1 indeed1 becomes the          
magnificent crown of humanity--not the  
imperious despot1 but the checked and   
tempered sovereign of the soul4  ,the   
,parson paused1 and ,leonard1 coming    
near him1 timidly took his hand1 with a 
child's affectionate and grateful       
impulse4  ,,riccabocca4--,and if1       
,leonard1 you are not satisfied with our

 ,parson's excellent definitions1 you   
have only to read what ,lord ,bacon     
himself has said upon the true ends of  
knowledge1 to comprehend at once how    
angry the poor great man1 whom ,mr4     
,dale treats so harshly1 would have been
 with those who have stinted his        
elaborate distinctions and provident    
cautions1 into that1 coxcombical little 
aphorism1 and then misconstrued all he  
designed to prove in favor of the       
commandant1 and authority of learning4  
,for1 added the sage1 looking up as a   
man does when he is tasking his memory1 
,i think it is thus that1 after saying  
the greatest error of all is the        
mistaking or misplacing the end of      
knowledge1 and denouncing the various   
objects for which it is vulgarly        
sought2--,i think it is thus that he    
proceeds4444 ',knowledge is not a shop  
for profit or sale1 but a rich          
storehouse for the glory of the         
,creator1 and the relief of men's       
estate4'#i  ,,parson                    

7remorsefully47--,are those ,lord       
,bacon's words8 ,i am very sorry ,i     
spoke so uncharitably of his life4 ,i   
must examine it again4 ,i may find      
excuses for it now1 that ,i could not   
when ,i first formed my judgment4 ,i was
 then a raw lad at ,oxford4 ,but ,i see1
 ,leonard1 there is still something on  
your mind4  ,,leonard4--,it is true1    
sir4 ,i would but ask whether it is not 
by knowledge that we arrive at the      
qualities and virtues you so well       
describe1 but which you seem to consider
 as coming to us through channels apart 
from knowledge8  ,,parson4--,if you mean
 by the word knowledge something very   
different from what you express in your 
essay--and which those contending for   
mental instruction1 irrespective of     
religion and ethics1 appear also to     
convey by the word--you are right2--but1
 remember1 we have already agreed that  
by the word knowledge we mean culture   
purely intellectual4  ,,leonard4--,that 
is true--we so understood it4           

,,parson4--,thus1 when this great ,lord 
,bacon erred1 you may say that he erred 
from want of knowledge--the knowledge   
that moralists and preachers would      
convey4 ,but ,lord ,bacon had read all  
that moralists and preachers could say  
on such matters2 and he certainly did   
not err from want of intellectual       
cultivation4 ,let me here1 my child1    
invite you to observe1 that ,he who knew
 most of our human hearts and our       
immortal destinies1 did not insist on   
this intellectual culture as essential  
to the virtues that form our well-being 
here1 and conduce to our salvation      
hereafter4 ,had it been essential1 the  
,all-wise ,one would not have selected  
humble fishermen for the teachers of his
 doctrine1 instead of culling his       
disciples from ,roman ,portico1 or      
,athenian ,academy4 ,and this1 which    
distinguishes so remarkably the ,gospel 
from the ethics of heathen philosophy1  
wherein knowledge is declared to be     
necessary to virtue1 is a proof how     

slight was the heathen sage's insight   
into the nature of mankind1 when        
compared with the ,saviour's2 for hard1 
indeed1 would it be to men1 whether high
 or low1 rich or poor1 if science and   
learning1 or contemplative philosophy1  
were the sole avenues to peace and      
redemption2 since1 in this state of     
ordeal1 requiring active duties1 very   
few1 in any age1 whether they be high or
 low1 rich or poor1 ever are or can be  
devoted to pursuits merely mental4      
,christ does not represent heaven as a  
college for the learned4 ,therefore the 
rules of the ,celestial ,legislator are 
rendered clear to the simplest          
understanding as to the deepest4        
,,riccabocca4--,and that which ,plato   
and ,zeno1 ,pythagoras and ,socrates1   
could not do1 was done by men whose     
ignorance would have been a by-word in  
the schools of the ,greek4 ,the gods of 
the vulgar were dethroned2 the face of  
the world was changed6 ,this thought may
 make us allow1 indeed1 that there are  

agencies more powerful than mere        
knowledge1 and ask1 after all1 what is  
the mission which knowledge should      
achieve8  ,,parson4--,the ,sacred ,book 
tells us even that2 for1 after          
establishing the truth that1 for the    
multitude1 knowledge is not essential to
 happiness and good1 it accords still to
 knowledge its sublime part in the      
revelation prepared and announced4 ,when
 an instrument of more than ordinary    
intelligence was required for a purpose 
divine--when the ,gospel1 recorded by   
the simple1 was to be explained by the  
acute1 enforced by the energetic1       
carried home to the doubts of the       
,gentile--the ,supreme ,will joined to  
the zeal of the earlier apostles the    
learning and genius of ,st4 ,paul--not  
holier than the others--calling himself 
the least1 yet laboring more abundantly 
than them all--making himself all things
 unto all men1 so that some might be    
saved4 ,the ignorant may be saved no    
less surely than the wise2 but here     

comes the wise man who helps to save6   
,and how the fullness and animation of  
this grand ,presence1 of this           
indomitable ,energy1 seem to vivify the 
toil1 and to speed the work6 ',in       
journeyings often1 in perils of waters1 
in perils of robbers1 in perils of mine 
own countrymen1 in perils by the        
heathen1 in perils in the city1 in      
perils in the wilderness1 in perils in  
the sea1 in perils among false          
brethren4' ,behold1 my son6 does not    
,heaven here seem to reveal the true    
type of ,knowledge--a sleepless         
activity1 a pervading agency1 a         
dauntless heroism1 an all-supporting    
faith8--a power--a power1 indeed--a     
power apart from the aggrandizement of  
self--a power that brings to him who    
owns and transmits it but 'weariness and
 painfulness2 in watchings often1 in    
hunger and thirst1 in fastings often1 in
 cold and nakedness'--but a power       
distinct from the mere circumstance of  
the man1 rushing from him as rays from a

 sun2--borne through the air1 and       
clothing it with light--piercing under  
earth1 and calling forth the harvest6   
,worship not knowledge--worship not the 
sun1 ,o my child6 ,let the sun but      
proclaim the ,creator2 let the knowledge
 but illumine the worship6  ,the good   
man1 overcome by his own earnestness1   
paused2 his head drooped on the young   
student's breast1 and all three were    
long silent4   ,,chapter ,,xxi4         
,whatever ridicule may be thrown upon   
,mr4 ,dale's dissertations by the wit of
 the enlightened1 they had a            
considerable1 and ,i think a beneficial 
effect upon ,leonard ,fairfield--an     
effect which may perhaps create less    
surprise1 when the reader remembers that
 ,leonard was unaccustomed to argument1 
and still retained many of the          
prejudices natural to his rustic        
breeding4 ,nay1 he actually thought it  
possible that1 as both ,riccabocca and  
,mr4 ,dale were more than double his    
age1 and had had opportunities not only 

of reading twice as many books1 but of  
contracting experience in wider ranges  
of life--he actually1 ,i say1 thought it
 possible that they might be better     
acquainted with the properties and      
distinctions of knowledge than himself4 
,at all events1 the ,parson's words were
 so far well-timed1 that they produced  
in ,leonard very much of that state of  
mind which ,mr4 ,dale desired to effect1
 before communicating to him the        
startling intelligence that he was to   
visit relations whom he had never seen1 
of whom he had heard but little1 and    
that it was at least possible that the  
result of that visit might be to open to
 him greater facilities for instruction1
 and a higher degree in life4  ,without 
some such preparation1 ,i fear that     
,leonard would have gone forth into the 
world with an exaggerated notion of his 
own acquirements1 and with a notion yet 
more exaggerated as to the kind of power
 that such knowledge as he possessed    
would obtain for itself4 ,as it was1    

when ,mr4 ,dale broke to him the news of
 the experimental journey before him1   
cautioning him against being            
over-sanguine1 ,leonard received the    
intelligence with a serious meekness1   
and thoughts that were nobly solemn4    
,when the door closed on his visitors1  
he remained for some moments motionless1
 and in deep meditation3 then he        
unclosed the door1 and stole forth4 ,the
 night was already far advanced1 the    
heavens were luminous with all the host 
of stars4 ,i think1 said the student1   
referring1 in later life1 to that crisis
 in his destiny--,i think it was then1  
when ,i stood alone1 yet surrounded by  
worlds so numberless1 that ,i first felt
 the distinction between mind and soul4 
,tell me1 said ,riccabocca1 as he parted
 company with ,mr4 ,dale1 whether you   
think we should have given to ,frank    
,hazeldean1 on entering life1 the same  
lecture on the limits and ends of       
knowledge which we have bestowed on     
,leonard ,fairfield4  ,my friend1 quoth 

the ,parson1 with a touch of human      
conceit2 ,i have ridden on horseback1   
and ,i know that some horses should be  
guided by the bridle1 and some should be
 urged by the spur4  ,cospetto6 said    
,riccabocca2 you contrive to put every  
experience of yours to some use--even   
your journey on ,mr4 ,hazeldean's pad4  
,and ,i see now why1 in this little     
world of a village1 you have picked up  
so general an acquaintance with life4   
,did you ever read ,white's ,natural    
,history of ,selborne8  ,no4  ,do so1   
and you will find that you need not go  
far to learn the habits of birds1 and   
know the difference between a swallow   
and a swift4--,learn the difference in a
 village1 and you know the difference   
wherever swallows and swifts skim the   
air4  ,swallows and swifts6--true2 but  
men--  ,are with us all the year        
round--which is more than we can say of 
swallows and swifts4  ,mr4 ,dale1 said  
,riccabocca1 taking off his hat1 with   
great formality1 if ever again ,i find  

myself in a dilemma1 ,i will come to you
 instead of to ,machiavelli4  ,ah6 cried
 the ,parson1 if ,i could but have a    
calm hour's talk with you on the errors 
of the ,papal relig--  ,riccabocca was  
off like a shot4   ,,chapter ,,xxii4    
,the next day1 ,mr4 ,dale had a long    
conversation with ,mrs4 ,fairfield4 ,at 
first1 he found some difficulty in      
getting over her pride1 and inducing her
 to accept overtures from parents who   
had so long slighted both ,leonard and  
herself4 ,and it would have been in vain
 to have put before the good woman the  
worldly advantages which such overtures 
implied4 ,but when ,mr4 ,dale said1     
almost sternly1 ,your parents are old1  
your father infirm2 their least wish    
should be as binding to you as their    
command1 the widow bowed her head and   
said1  ,god bless1 them1 sir1 ,i was    
very sinful--',honor your father and    
mother4' ,i'm no scollard1 but ,i know  
the ,commandments4 ,let ,lenny go4 ,but 
he'll soon forget me1 and mayhap he'll  

learn to be ashamed of me4  ,there ,i   
will trust him1 said the ,parson2 and he
 contrived easily to re-assure and      
soothe her4  ,it was not till all this  
was settled that ,mr4 ,dale drew forth  
an unsealed letter1 which ,mr4 ,richard 
,avenel1 taking his hint1 had given to  
him1 as from ,leonard's grandparents1   
and said1 ,this is for you1 and it      
contains an inclosure of some value4    
,will you read it1 sir8 ,as ,i said     
before1 ,i'm no scollard4  ,but ,leonard
 is1 and he will read it to you4  ,when 
,leonard returned home that evening1    
,mrs4 ,fairfield showed him the letter4 
,it ran thus3       ,,dear ,,jane--,mr4 
,dale will tell you that we wish        
,leonard to come      to us4 ,we are    
glad to hear you are well4 ,we forward1 
by ,mr4      ,dale1 a bank-note for #ej1
 which comes from ,richard1 your        
brother4 ,so no more at present from    
your affectionate parents1              
,,john ,,and ,,margaret ,,avenel4       
,the letter was in a stiff1 female      

scrawl1 and ,leonard observed that two  
or three mistakes in spelling had been  
corrected1 either in another pen or in a
 different hand4  ,dear brother ,dick1  
how good in him6 cried the widow4 ,when 
,i saw there was money1 ,i thought it   
must be him4 ,how ,i should like to see 
,dick again4 ,but ,i s'pose he's still  
in ,amerikay4 ,well1 well1 this will buy
 clothes for you4  ,no2 you must keep it
 all1 mother1 and put it in the         
,savings' ,bank4  ,i'm not quite so     
silly as that1 cried ,mrs4 ,fairfield   
with contempt2 and she put the fifty    
pounds into a cracked teapot4  ,it must 
not stay there when ,i'm gone4 ,you may 
be robbed1 mother4  ,dear me1 dear me1  
that's true4 ,what shall ,i do with     
it8--what do ,i want with it1 too8 ,dear
 me6 ,i wish they hadn't sent it4 ,i    
shan't sleep in peace4 ,you must e'en   
put it in your own pouch1 and button it 
up tight1 boy4  ,lenny smiled1 and took 
the note2 but he took it to ,mr4 ,dale1 
and begged him to put it into the       

,savings' ,bank for his mother4  ,the   
day following he went to take leave of  
his master1 of ,jackeymo1 of the        
fountain1 the garden4 ,but1 after he had
 gone through the first of these adieus 
with ,jackeymo--who1 poor man1 indulged 
in all the lively gesticulations of     
grief which make half the eloquence of  
his countrymen2 and then1 absolutely    
blubbering1 hurried away--,leonard      
himself was so affected that he could   
not proceed at once to the house1 but   
stood beside the fountain1 trying hard  
to keep back his tears4  ,you1          
,leonard--and you are going6 said a soft
 voice2 and the tears fell faster than  
ever1 for he recognized the voice of    
,violante4  ,do not cry1 continued the  
child1 with a kind of tender gravity4   
,you are going1 but papa says it would  
be selfish in us to grieve1 for it is   
for your good2 and we should be glad4   
,but ,i am selfish1 ,leonard1 and ,i do 
grieve4 ,i shall miss you sadly4  ,you1 
young lady--you miss me6  ,yes4 ,but ,i 

do not cry1 ,leonard1 for ,i envy you1  
and ,i wish ,i were a boy3 ,i wish ,i   
could do as you4  ,the girl clasped her 
hands1 and reared her slight form1 with 
a kind of passionate dignity4  ,do as   
me1 and part from all those you love6   
,but to serve those you love4 ,one day  
you will come back to your mother's     
cottage1 and say1 ',we have conquered   
fortune4' ,oh that ,i could go forth and
 return1 as you will4 ,but my father has
 no country1 and his only child is a    
useless girl4  ,as ,violante spoke1     
,leonard had dried his tears2 her       
emotion distracted him from his own4    
,oh1 continued ,violante1 again raising 
her head loftily1 what it is to be a    
man6 ,a woman sighs1 ',i wish1' but man 
should say ',i will4'  ,occasionally    
before1 ,leonard had noted fitful       
flashes of a nature grand and heroic1 in
 the ,italian child1 especially of      
late--flashes the more remarkable from  
their contrast to a form most           
exquisitely feminine1 and to a sweetness

 of temper which made even her pride    
gentle4 ,but now it seemed as if the    
child spoke with the command of a       
queen--almost with the inspiration of a 
,muse4 ,a strange and new sense of      
courage entered within him4  ,may ,i    
remember these words6 he murmured half  
audibly4  ,the girl turned and surveyed 
him with eyes brighter for their        
moisture4 ,she then extended her hand to
 him1 with a quick movement1 and1 as he 
bent over it1 with a grace taught to him
 by genuine emotion1 she said1--,and if 
you do1 then1 girl and child as ,i am1  
,i shall think ,i have aided a brave    
heart in the great strife for honor6    
,she lingered a moment1 smiled as if to 
herself1 and then1 gliding away1 was    
lost among the trees4  ,after a long    
pause1 in which ,leonard recovered      
slowly from the surprise and agitation  
into which ,violante had thrown his     
spirits--previously excited as they     
were--he went1 murmuring to himself1    
toward the house4 ,but ,riccabocca was  

from home4 ,leonard turned mechanically 
to the terrace1 and busied himself with 
the flowers4 ,but the dark eyes of      
,violante shone on his thoughts1 and her
 voice rang in his ear4  ,at length     
,riccabocca appeared1 followed up the   
road by a laborer1 who carried something
 indistinct under his arm4  ,the        
,italian beckoned to ,leonard to follow 
him into the parlor1 and after          
conversing with him kindly1 and at some 
length1 and packing up1 as it were1 a   
considerable provision of wisdom in the 
portable shape of aphorisms and         
proverbs1 the sage left him alone for a 
few moments1 ,riccabocca then returned  
with his wife1 and bearing a small      
knapsack3  ,it is not much we can do for
 you1 ,leonard1 and money is the worst  
gift in the world for a keepsake2 but my
 wife and ,i have put our heads together
 to furnish you with a little outfit4   
,giacomo1 who was in our secret1 assures
 us that the clothes will fit2 and      
stole1 ,i fancy1 a coat of yours for the

 purpose4 ,put them on when you go to   
your relations2 it is astonishing what a
 difference it makes in the ideas people
 form of us1 according as our coats are 
cut one way or another4 ,i should not be
 presentable in ,london thus2 and       
nothing is more true than that a tailor 
is often the making of a man4  ,the     
shirts1 too1 are very good holland1 said
 ,mrs4 ,riccabocca1 about to open the   
knapsack4  ,never mind details1 my dear1
 cried the wise man2 shirts are         
comprehended in the general principle of
 clothes4 ,and1 ,leonard1 as a          
remembrance somewhat more personal1     
accept this1 which ,i have worn many a  
year when time was a thing of importance
 to me1 and nobler fates than mine hung 
on a moment4 ,we missed the moment1 or  
abused it1 and here ,i am1 a waif on a  
foreign shore4 ,methinks ,i have done   
with ,time4  ,the exile1 as he thus     
spoke1 placed in ,leonard's reluctant   
hands a watch that would have delighted 
an antiquary1 and shocked a dandy ,it   

was exceedingly thick1 having an outer  
case of enamel1 and an inner one of     
gold4 ,the hands and the figures of the 
hours had originally been formed of     
brilliants2 but the brilliants had long 
since vanished4 ,still1 even thus       
bereft1 the watch was much more in      
character with the giver than the       
receiver1 and was as little suited to   
,leonard as would have been the red silk
 umbrella4  ,it is old-fashioned1 said  
,mrs4 ,riccabocca1 but it goes better   
than any clock in the country4 ,i really
 think it will last to the end of the   
world4  ,carissima mia6 cried the       
,doctor1 ,i thought ,i had convinced you
 that the world is by no means come to  
its last legs4  ,oh1 ,i did not mean any
 thing1 ,alphonso1 said ,mrs4           
,riccabocca1 coloring4  ,and that is all
 we do mean when we talk about that of  
which we can know nothing1 said the     
,doctor1 less gallantly than usual1 for 
he resented that epithet of             
old-fashioned1 as applied to the watch4 

,leonard1 we see1 had been silent all   
this time2 he could not speak--literally
 and truly1 he could not speak4 ,how he 
got out of his embarrassment1 and how he
 got out of the room1 he never explained
 to my satisfaction4 ,but1 a few minutes
 afterward1 he was seen hurrying down   
the road very briskly4  ,riccabocca and 
his wife stood at the window gazing     
after him4  ,there is a depth in that   
boy's heart1 said the sage1 which might 
float an argosy4  ,poor dear boy6 ,i    
think we have put every thing into the  
knapsack that he can possibly want1 said
 good ,mrs4 ,riccabocca musingly4  ,the 
,,doctor 7continuing his                
soliloquy47--,they are strong1 but they 
are not immediately apparent4  ,mrs4    
,,riccabocca 7resuming hers47--,they are
 at the bottom of the knapsack4  ,the   
,,doctor4--,they will stand long wear   
and tear4  ,mrs4 ,,riccabocca4--,a year1
 at least1 with proper care at the wash4
  ,the ,,doctor 7startled47--,care at   
the wash6 ,what on earth are you talking

 of1 ma'am6  ,mrs4 ,,riccabocca         
7mildly47--,the shirts to be sure1 my   
love6 ,and you8  ,the ,,doctor 7with a  
heavy sigh47--,the feelings1 ma'am6     
,then1 after a pause1 taking his wife's 
hand affectionately--,but you did quite 
right to think of the shirts2 ,mr4 ,dale
 said very truly--  ,mrs4               
,,riccabocca4--,what8  ,the             
,,doctor4--,that there was a great deal 
in common between us--even when ,i think
 of feelings1 and you but of--shirts4   
,,chapter ,,xxiii4  ,mr4 and ,mrs4      
,avenel sat within the parlor--,mr4     
,richard stood on the hearth-rug1       
whistling ,yankee ,doodle4 ,the ,parson 
writes word that the lad will come      
to-day1 said ,richard suddenly--let me  
see the letter--ay1 to day4 ,if he took 
the coach as far as ----1 he might walk 
the rest of the way in two or three     
hours4 ,he should be pretty nearly here4
 ,i have a great mind to go and meet    
him3 it will save his asking questions1 
and hearing about me4 ,i can clear the  

town by the back way1 and get out at the
 high road4  ,you'll not know him from  
any one else1 said ,mrs4 ,avenel4       
,well1 that is a good one6 ,not know an 
,avenel6 ,we've all the same cut of the 
jib--have not we1 father8  ,poor ,john  
laughed heartily1 till the tears rolled 
down his cheeks4  ,we were always a     
well-favored fam'ly1 said ,john1        
recomposing himself4 ,there was ,luke1  
but he's gone2 and ,harry1 but he's dead
 too1 and ,dick1 but he's in            
,amerikay--no1 he's here2 and my darling
 ,nora1 but--  ,hush6 interrupted ,mrs4 
,avenel2 hush1 ,john6  ,the old man     
stared at her1 and then put his         
tremulous hand to his brow4 ,and ,nora's
 gone too6 said he1 in a voice of       
profound woe4 ,both hands then fell on  
his knees1 and his head drooped on his  
breast4  ,mrs4 ,avenel rose1 kissed her 
husband on the forehead1 and walked away
 to the window4 ,richard took up his    
hat1 and brushed the nap carefully with 
his handkerchief2 but his lips quivered4

  ,i'm going1 said he abruptly4 ,now    
mind1 mother1 not a word about ,uncle   
,richard yet2 we must first see how we  
like each other1 and--7in a whisper7    
you'll try and get that into my poor    
father's head8  ,ay1 ,richard1 said     
,mrs4 ,avenel quietly4 ,richard put on  
his hat1 and went out by the back way4  
,he stole along the fields that skirted 
the town1 and had only once to cross the
 street before he got into the high     
road4  ,he walked on till he came to the
 first milestone4 ,there he seated      
himself1 lighted his cigar1 and awaited 
his nephew4 ,it was now nearly the hour 
of sunset1 and the road before him lay  
westward4 ,richard from time to time    
looked along the road1 shading his eyes 
with his hand2 and at length1 just as   
the disc of the sun had half sunk down  
the horizon1 a solitary figure came up  
the way4 ,it emerged suddenly from the  
turn in the road3 the reddening beams   
colored all the atmosphere around it4   
,solitary and silent it came as from a  

,land of ,light4   ,,chapter ,,xxiv4    
,you have been walking far1 young man1  
said ,richard ,avenel4  ,no1 sir1 not   
very4 ,that is ,lansmere before me1 is  
it not8  ,yes1 it is ,lansmere2 you stop
 there1 ,i guess8  ,leonard made a sign 
in the affirmative1 and walked on a few 
paces3 then1 seeing the stranger who had
 accosted him still by his side1 he     
said--  ,if you know the town1 sir1     
perhaps you will have the goodness to   
tell me whereabouts ,mr4 ,avenel lives8 
,i can put you in a straight cut across 
the fields1 that will bring you just    
behind the house4  ,you are very kind1  
but it will take you out of your way4   
,no1 it is in my way4 ,so you are going 
to ,mr4 ,avenel's8--a good old          
gentleman4  ,i've always heard so2 and  
,mrs4 ,avenel--  ,a particular superior 
woman1 said ,richard4 ,any one else to  
ask after--,i know the family well4     
,no1 thank you1 sir4  ,they have a son1 
,i believe2 but he's in ,america1 is not
 he8  ,i believe he is1 sir4  ,i see the

 ,parson has kept faith with me1        
muttered ,richard4  ,if you can tell me 
any thing about him1 said ,leonard1 ,i  
should be very glad4  ,why so1 young    
man8--perhaps he is hanged by this time4
  ,hanged6  ,he was a sad dog1 ,i am    
told4  ,then you have been told very    
falsely1 said ,leonard1 coloring4  ,a   
sad wild dog--his parents were so glad  
when he cut and run--went off to the    
,states4 ,they say he made money2 but1  
if so1 he neglected his relations       
shamefully4  ,sir1 said ,leonard1 you   
are wholly misinformed4 ,he has been    
most generous to a relative who had     
little claim on him2 and ,i never heard 
his name mentioned but with love and    
praise4  ,richard instantly fell to     
whistling ,yankee ,doodle1 and walked on
 several paces without saying a word4   
,he then made a slight apology for his  
impertinence--hoped no offense--and1    
with his usual bold but astute style of 
talk1 contrived to bring out something  
of his companion's mind4 ,he was        

evidently struck with the clearness and 
propriety with which ,leonard expressed 
himself1 raised his eyebrows in surprise
 more than once1 and looked him full in 
the face with an attentive and pleased  
survey4 ,leonard had put on the new     
clothes with which ,riccabocca and wife 
had provided him4 ,they were those      
appropriate to a young country tradesman
 in good circumstances2 but as he did   
not think about the clothes1 so he had  
unconsciously something of the ease of  
the gentleman4  ,they now came into the 
fields4 ,leonard paused before a slip of
 ground sown with rye4  ,i should have  
thought grass land would have answered  
better1 so near a town1 said he4  ,no   
doubt it would1 answered ,richard2 but  
they are sadly behind-hand in these     
parts4 ,you see that great park yonder1 
on the other side of the road8 ,that    
would answer better for rye than grass2 
but then1 what would become of my       
,lord's deer8 ,the aristocracy eat us   
up1 young man4  ,but the aristocracy did

 not sow this piece with rye1 ,i        
suppose8 said ,leonard1 smiling4  ,and  
what do you conclude from that8  ,let   
every man look to his own ground1 said  
,leonard1 with a cleverness of repartee 
caught from ,doctor ,riccabocca4  ',cute
 lad you are1 said ,richard2 and we'll  
talk more of these matters another time4
  ,they now came within sight of ,mr4   
,avenel's house4  ,you can get through  
the gap in the hedge1 by the old pollard
 oak1 said ,richard2 and come round by  
the front of the house4 ,why1 you're not
 afraid--are you8  ,i am a stranger4    
,shall ,i introduce you8 ,i told you    
that ,i knew the old couple4  ,oh no1   
sir6 ,i would rather meet them alone4   
,go2 and--wait a bit--harkye1 young man1
 ,mrs4 ,avenel is a cold mannered woman2
 but don't be abashed by that4  ,leonard
 thanked the good-natured stranger1     
crossed the field1 passed the gap1 and  
paused a moment under the stinted shade 
of the old hollow-hearted oak4 ,the     
ravens were returning to their nests4   

,at the sight of a human form under the 
tree1 they wheeled round1 and watched   
him afar4 ,from the thick of the boughs1
 the young ravens sent their hoarse low 
cry4   ,,chapter ,,xxv4  ,the young man 
entered the neat1 prim1 formal parlor4  
,you are welcome6 said ,mrs4 ,avenel1 in
 a firm voice4  ,the gentleman is       
heartily welcome1 cried poor ,john4  ,it
 is your grandson1 ,leonard ,fairfield1 
said ,mrs4 ,avenel4  ,but ,john who had 
risen with knocking knees1 gazed hard at
 ,leonard1 and then fell on his breast1 
sobbing aloud--,nora's eyes6--he has a  
blink in his eyes like ,nora's4  ,mrs4  
,avenel approached with a steady step1  
and drew away the old man tenderly4  ,he
 is a poor creature1 she whispered to   
,leonard--you excite him4 ,come away1 ,i
 will show you your room4  ,leonard     
followed her up the stairs1 and came    
into a room--neatly1 and even prettily  
furnished4 ,the carpet and curtains were
 faded by the sun1 and of old-fashioned 
pattern1 but there was a look about the 

room as if it had long been disused4    
,mrs4 ,avenel sank down on the first    
chair on entering4  ,leonard drew his   
arm round her waist affectionately3 ,i  
fear that ,i have put you out sadly--my 
dear grandmother4  ,mrs4 ,avenel glided 
hastily from his arm1 and her           
countenance worked much--every nerve in 
it twitching as it were2 then1 placing  
her hand on his locks1 she said with    
passion1 ,god bless you1 my grandson1   
and left the room4  ,leonard dropped his
 knapsack on the floor1 and looked      
around him wistfully4 ,the room seemed  
as if it had once been occupied by a    
female4 ,there was a work-box on the    
chest of drawers1 and over it hanging   
shelves for books1 suspended by ribbons 
that had once been blue1 with silk and  
fringe appended to each shelf1 and knots
 and tassels here and there--the taste  
of a woman1 or rather of a girl1 who    
seeks to give a grace to the commonest  
things around her4 ,with the mechanical 
habit of a student1 ,leonard took down  

one or two of the volumes still left on 
the shelves4 ,he found ,,spenser',s     
,fairy ,queen1 ,,racine in ,french1     
,,tasso in ,italian2 and on the fly-leaf
 of each volume1 in the exquisite       
hand-writing familiar to his memory1 the
 name ,leonora4 ,he kissed the books1   
and replaced them with a feeling akin   
both to tenderness and awe4  ,he had not
 been alone in his room more than a     
quarter of an hour1 before the          
maid-servant knocked at his door and    
summoned him to tea4  ,poor ,john had   
recovered his spirits1 and his wife sate
 by his side holding his hand in hers4  
,poor ,john was even gay4 ,he asked many
 questions about his daughter ,jane1 and
 did not wait for the answers4 ,then he 
spoke about the ,squire1 whom he        
confounded with ,audley ,egerton1 and   
talked of elections1 and the ,blue      
party1 and hoped ,leonard would always  
be a good ,blue2 and then he fell to his
 tea and toast1 and said no more4  ,mrs4
 ,avenel spoke little1 but she eyed     

,leonard askant1 as it were1 from time  
to time2 and after each glance the      
nerves of the poor severe face twitched 
again4  ,a little after nine o'clock    
,mrs4 ,avenel lighted a candle1 and     
placing it in ,leonard's hand1 said1    
,you must be tired--you know your own   
room now4 ,good-night4  ,leonard took   
the light1 and1 as was his wont with his
 mother1 kissed ,mrs4 ,avenel on the    
cheek4 ,then he took ,john's hand and   
kissed him too4 ,the old man was half   
asleep and murmured dreamily1 ,that's   
,nora4  ,leonard had retired to his room
 about half-an-hour1 when ,richard      
,avenel entered the house softly1 and   
joined his parents4  ,well1 mother8 said
 he4  ,well1 ,richard--you have seen    
him8  ,and like him4 ,do you know he has
 a great look of poor ,nora8--more like 
her than ,jane8  ,yes2 he is handsomer  
than ,jane ever was1 but more like your 
father than any one4 ,john was so       
comely4 ,you take to the boy then8  ,ay1
 that ,i do4 ,just tell him in the      

morning that he is to go with a         
gentleman who will be his friend1 and   
don't say more4 ,the chaise shall be at 
the door after breakfast4 ,let him get  
into it3 ,i shall wait for him out of   
the town4 ,what's the room you give him8
  ,the room you would not take4  ,the   
room in which ,nora slept8 ,oh1 no6 ,i  
could not have slept a wink there4 ,what
 a charm there was in that girl6--how we
 all loved her6 ,but she was too        
beautiful and good for us--too good to  
live6  ,none of us are too good1 said   
,mrs4 ,avenel with great austerity1 and 
,i beg you will not talk in that way4   
,good-night--,i must get your poor      
father to bed4  ,when ,leonard opened   
his eyes-the next morning1 they rested  
on the face of ,mrs4 ,avenel1 which was 
bending over his pillow4 ,but it was    
long before he could recognize that     
countenance1 so changed was its         
expression--so tender1 so motherlike4   
,nay1 the face of his own mother had    
never seemed to him so soft with a      

mother's passion4  ,ah6 he murmured1    
half rising1 and flinging his young arms
 round her neck4 ,mrs4 ,avenel1 this    
time1 and for the first1 taken by       
surprise1 warmly returned the embrace3  
she clasped him to her breast1 she      
kissed him again and again4 ,at length  
with a quick start she escaped1 and     
walked up and down the room1 pressing   
her hands tightly together4 ,when she   
halted her face had recovered its usual 
severity and cold precision4  ,it is    
time for you to rise1 ,leonard1 said    
she4 ,you will leave us to-day4 ,a      
gentleman has promised to take charge of
 you1 and do for you more than we can4  
,a chaise will be at the door soon--make
 haste4  ,john was absent from the      
breakfast-table4 ,his wife said that he 
never rose till late1 and must not be   
disturbed4  ,the meal was scarce over   
before a chaise and pair came to the    
door4  ,you must not keep the chaise    
waiting--the gentleman is very punctual4
  ,but he is not come4  ,no1 he has     

walked on before1 and will get in after 
you are out of the town4  ,what is his  
name1 and why should he care for me1    
grandmother8  ,he will tell you himself4
 ,now1 come4  ,but you will bless me    
again1 grandmother4 ,i love you already4
  ,i do bless you1 said ,mrs4 ,avenel   
firmly4 ,be honest and good1 and beware 
of the first false step4 ,she pressed   
his hand with a convulsive grasp1 and   
led him to the outer door4  ,the postboy
 clanked his whip1 the chaise rattled   
off4 ,leonard put his head out of the   
window to catch a last glimpse of the   
old woman4 ,but the boughs of the       
pollard oak1 and its gnarled decaying   
trunk1 hid her from his eye4 ,and look  
as he would1 till the road turned1 he   
saw but the melancholy tree4  7,to be   
continued47  ,,footnotes3  #h ,this     
aphorism has been probably assigned to  
,lord ,bacon upon the mere authority of 
the index to his works4 ,it is the      
aphorism of the index-maker1 certainly  
not of the great master of inductive    

philosophy4 ,bacon has1 it is true1     
repeatedly dwelt on the power of        
knowledge1 but with so many explanations
 and distinctions1 that nothing could be
 more unjust to his general meaning than
 to attempt to cramp into a sentence    
what it costs him a volume to define4   
,thus1 if in one page he appears to     
confound knowledge with power1 in       
another he sets them in the strongest   
antithesis to each other2 as follows1   
,adeo1 signanter ,deus opera potenti et 
sapienti diseriminavit4 ,but it would be
 as unfair to ,bacon to convert into an 
aphorism the sentence that discriminates
 between knowledge and power as it is to
 convert into an aphorism any sentence  
that confounds them4  #i ,but the       
greatest error of all the rest is the   
mistaking or misplacing of the last or  
farthest end of knowledge3--for men have
 entered into a desire of learning and  
knowledge1 sometimes upon a natural     
curiosity and inquisitive appetite2     
sometimes to entertain their minds with 

variety and delight2 sometimes for      
ornament and reputation2 and sometimes  
to enable them to victory of wit and    
contradiction2 and most times for lucre 
and profession2--that is1 for most of   
those objects which are meant by the    
ordinary citers of the saying1          
',knowledge is power2' and seldom1      
sincerely1 to give a true account of    
these gifts of reason to the benefit and
 use of men2 as if there were sought in 
knowledge a couch whereupon to rest a   
searching and restless spirit2 or a     
terrace for a wandering and variable    
mind to walk up and down1 with a fair   
prospect2 or a tower of state for a     
proud mind to raise itself upon2 or a   
fort or commanding ground for strife and
 contention2 or a shop for profit or    
sale--and not a rich storehouse for the 
glory of the ,creator1 and the relief of
 men's estate4--,,advancement ,,of      
,,learning1 ,,book ,i4     ,,uncle      
,,john2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,rough ,,road ,,to 
,,riches4   ,england affords1 even in   

these degenerate days of peace1         
innumerable examples of the class called
 lucky fellows2 that is to say1 men who 
have begun life with a charity-school   
education and a shilling1 and are now   
prosperous in wealth and station4       
,perhaps it is hardly fair to impute to 
good-luck1 what may be mainly owing to  
industry1 frugality1 patience1 and      
perseverance4 ,but1 after all1 one may  
starve with all these virtues1 in spite 
of all that copy-book maxims may say to 
the contrary4 ,there is good-luck in    
success1 whatever may have been the     
qualities by which that good luck has   
been seized at the right moment and     
turned to good account4 ,industry1      
frugality1 patience1 and perseverance1  
form a perfect locomotive--good-luck is 
the engine-driver who turns the handle  
and sets them in motion at the right    
moment4  ,men who have been the         
architects of their own fortunes1 never 
admit that good luck has had any thing  
to do with their prosperity4 ,their     

pardonable vanity at their own success  
makes them guilty of a species of       
ingratitude to ,providence4 ,listen to  
one of these old gentlemen holding forth
 to his hopeful son or nephew on his1   
the said old gentleman's1 past life2 on 
his early poverty1 his self-denial1 his 
hard work1 and his subsequent reward2   
and the burden of his discourse is ever 
the same1      ,alone ,i did it1 boy6   
,should the listener at any point be    
tempted rashly to exclaim how lucky6 the
 old gentleman will turn on him with a  
severe frown and say1 luck1 sir2        
nonsense4 ,there's no such thing as     
luck4 ,live on a crust1 sir2 that's the 
only way for a man to get on in the     
world4 ,the old gentleman quite forgets 
that if his first venture in the        
,chutnee ,east ,indiaman had been a     
failure2 or his first dabble in the     
stocks had not been followed by the     
battle of ,leipsic2 or his senior       
partner1 who had nine-tenths of the     
profits of the business1 had not        

departed this life suddenly in an       
apoplectic fit1 he would have held a    
very different position in the world1   
and probably have been now a denizen of 
the second floor over his counting-house
 in the city1 instead of a resident in  
,hyde ,park ,gardens4  ,an excellent    
specimen of this class of old gentlemen 
is ,uncle ,john4 ,the obscurity of his  
early days is so great that even he     
himself finds it difficult to penetrate 
it4 ,that he had a father and a mother  
is incontestable2 but these worthy      
people seem to have left this world of  
sin at so early a period of ,uncle      
,john's existence1 that1 for all        
practical purposes1 he might as well    
have been without them4 ,his first      
juvenile recollections are connected    
with yellow stockings1 leather shorts1 a
 cutaway coatee with a tin badge on it1 
and a little round woolen cap with a    
tuft in the middle of it1 resting on a  
head formed by nature to accommodate a  
cap of double its dimensions4 ,in a     

word1 ,uncle ,john was a charity-boy4   
,it must not be imagined that the above 
fact has ever been communicated by      
,uncle ,john himself2 for the worthy man
 is weak enough to be ashamed of it1    
though he will discourse of his early   
privations in a mystical manner1 with   
the design apparently of inducing you to
 regard him rather as a counterpart of  
,louis ,philippe in his days of early   
exile1 than as a commonplace1 though    
equally interesting 7to a right-thinking
 mind7 young gentleman in yellow        
stockings4 ,it is a fact1 however1 as   
indisputable as that ,uncle ,john is now
 worth thirty or forty thousand pounds4 
,emerging from the charity-school1 and  
exchanging the leather shorts and yellow
 stockings for corduroys and gray       
worsted socks1 ,uncle ,john obtained the
 appointment of office-boy to a ,temple 
attorney4 ,his duties were              
multifarious--sweeping the office and   
serving writs1 cleaning boots and       
copying declarations4 ,his emoluments   

were not large--seven shillings a week  
and find himself1 which was less        
difficult1 poor boy1 than to find any   
thing for himself4 ,but ,uncle ,john    
persevered and was not disheartened4 ,he
 lived literally on a crust1 and regaled
 himself only with the savory smells    
issuing from the cook's-shop1 which was 
not only an economical luxury1 but had  
the advantage of affording a stimulus to
 the imagination4 ,he actually saved two
 shillings a week out of his salary1 not
 to mention an occasional donation of a 
shilling on high days and holidays from 
his master4  ,uncle ,john was never     
idle4 ,when he had nothing to do for his
 master1 which was rarely the case1 he  
used to take a pen and any loose piece  
of paper or parchment1 and copy1 or     
imitate1 the lawyer's engrossing        
hand--known as court-hand--till he      
became a good penman in this cramped    
style of writing4 ,having accomplished  
this object1 ,uncle ,john determined to 
better himself1 by getting a situation  

as copying clerk instead of office boy4 
,he succeeded in his attempts1 and was  
installed in another attorney's office  
as engrossing clerk at twelve shillings 
a week--a salary which appeared to him1 
at the time1 enormous4 ,but riches did  
not turn his head4 ,the only increase   
which he made in his previous           
expenditure1 was in wearing a rather    
cleaner shirt1 and discarding corduroys 
for some more genteel material4 ,uncle  
,john was too wise and too self-denying 
to be seduced inside the cook's-shop    
yet4  ,he was now saving at least six   
shillings a week1 which is #ae a year6  
,for four years no change took place in 
his condition4 ,he still lived in his   
solitary garret2 worked hard all day1   
and borrowed law books from the articled
 clerks in the office1 which he read at 
home at night4 ,at home6 poor           
fellow--what a name for his miserable   
little room up in the tiles of a house  
in a narrow court out of ,fleet-street6 
,but ,uncle ,john was a brave fellow1   

and worked on without stopping to       
sentimentalize4  ,a promotion now took  
place in the office1 and ,uncle ,john   
was made chief common-law clerk at one  
pound a week4 ,he had rendered himself  
quite competent for the duties by his   
midnight studies4 ,he was never absent  
from his post1 never forgot any thing1  
and was never ill2 for he had the       
strength of a horse4 ,it is suspected   
that about this time1 ,uncle ,john paid 
one or two visits to the cook's-shop2   
but it must not be supposed that the    
visits were more than one or two4 ,as a 
rule1 ,uncle ,john dined on a piece of  
the cheapest meat he could purchase1    
boiled by himself in his garret4  ,he   
was wise enough1 however1 to be very    
neat in his dress1 and thereby gained   
the credit of being a very respectable  
young man in the eyes of his employer2  
for it is a very remarkable fact that   
clerks are always expected to dress like
 gentlemen when their salaries are not  
even large enough to buy them food4     

,another four years passed away1 when   
one day ,uncle ,john1 having duly       
screwed up his courage1 walked into his 
master's private room1 and1 after a     
little preliminary hesitation1 ventured 
to hint that he should like to be       
articled6 ,the master stared--the clerk 
remained silently awaiting his answer4  
,are you aware1 inquired the former1    
that the expense of the stamp1 c41 is   
one hundred and twenty pounds8  ,uncle  
,john was aware of it1 and he was       
prepared with the money4 ,he had saved  
it out of his miserable salary4  ,the   
master stared still more4 ,but1 after a 
short time1 he consented to article     
,uncle ,john1 and to continue his salary
 during the term of his articles4 ,uncle
 ,john was in ecstasies1 and so far     
forgot his usual prudence that evening  
as to indulge in half a pint of bad port
 wine--a taste1 by the way1 which he has
 retained to this day4  ,he was now a   
happy man4 ,every thing was en train now
 to make him one day a gentleman by ,act

 of ,parliament--as attorneys are       
facetiously termed4 ,it would certainly 
require something more than even the    
omnipotence of an ,act of ,parliament to
 confer the character on some of the    
fraternity4  ,during the first year of  
his articles the managing clerk died1   
and ,uncle ,john was promoted to that   
office with a salary of two hundred a   
year4 ,here was1 indeed1 a rise in      
life--from seven shillings a week to two
 hundred a year6 ,happy ,uncle ,john4   
,but you deserved it all2 for you had   
plenty of the courage which is prepared 
for all ills1 and endures those which it
 can not conquer4  ,long before the five
 years of his articles had expired1 the 
clerk had made himself so absolutely    
necessary to the master1 that the latter
 could scarcely have carried on the     
business for a month without him4       
,therefore1 when the time arrived at    
which he ceased to be a clerk and became
 himself an attorney1 ,uncle ,john      
hinted to his master that he was going  

to leave him4 ,cunning ,uncle ,john6    
,you had no such intention2 but you knew
 that your master would take alarm1 beg 
you to stay1 and offer you a            
partnership4 ,of course--and he did so4 
,uncle ,john's path in life was from    
henceforth comparatively smooth4 ,he was
 the working partner in a business which
 was both profitable and of good        
quality4 ,within a few years his partner
 was foolish enough to quarrel with him1
 and to demand a dissolution of the     
partnership4 ,uncle ,john readily       
consented1 and all the clients knowing  
well who was the man that understood the
 business and transacted it1 followed   
him2 and he became an attorney with a   
practice of two thousand a year1 and no 
partner to share the profits4  ,his     
economical habits never forsook him4 ,he
 married and kept a decent table2 but   
save in a love of good wine 7or at least
 what his uneducated taste considered   
so71 he had nothing but the ordinary    
necessaries of life4 ,how much he saved 

each year who shall say8 ,he had no     
children1 and his practice increasing   
while his wants stood still1 he became  
what he is now--a prosperous and highly 
respected old gentleman4  ,it is the    
fashion of the old to point out such men
 as models for the imitation of the     
rising generation4 ,the young1 on the   
contrary1 make them the subjects of     
their ridicule1 for their bad grammar   
and worse manners4 ,let us see if we can
 find out the truth1 unbiased by either 
party4 ,uncle ,john is now a rich man1  
an honorable man1 a hardworking man1 and
 in the main a sensible man4 ,he has    
attained his position in life by        
patience1 perseverance1 and industry1   
favored also by a little of that good   
luck to which we first referred4 ,but   
,uncle ,john is deficient in many of the
 characteristics which adorn human      
nature4 ,is it not natural that he      
should be so8 ,where was he to learn the
 gentler feelings of his                
kind--affection1 sympathy1 benevolence8 

,in his garret1 alone and unfriended8   
,he is mean and parsimonious4 ,he is    
worth forty thousand pounds1 and his    
deceased brother's child is starving    
with his wife in a suburban garret4     
,uncle ,john will not aid him with a    
penny4 ,who aided him8 ,did he not live 
in a garret1 and save money too8 ,was he
 such a fool as to marry before he could
 keep a wife8 ,uncle ,john was guilty of
 no weaknesses in those days2 he can not
 forgive them in another4  ,his only    
brother dies1 leaving a large family and
 a widow--unprovided for3 for the       
children have eaten up all he could ever
 earn4 ,uncle ,john does not like the   
widow 7perhaps because she had so many  
children71 but he gives her #ej a year4 
,his own income is about four thousand4 
,his only sister is also left a widow   
without a sixpence4 ,uncle ,john gives  
her #ej a year4 ,people should not marry
 imprudently4 ,he can afford no more2 he
 has a great many calls upon him4       
,perhaps so2 but the answer to such     

calls is always1 not at home4  ,he has  
many clerks now4 ,he makes them all work
 twelve hours a day4 ,why not8 ,he      
worked twelve hours a day4  ,he has     
articled clerks too4 ,they must work    
twelve hours a day also4 ,he did it4    
,true1 ,uncle ,john2 but you had your   
salary for it2 while they1 on the       
contrary1 pay you for the privilege of  
working for you4  ,there is an old adage
 that a slave makes the worst tyrant4   
,uncle ,john exemplifies it4 ,because he
 suffered poverty and privation1 he     
thinks that every youth should endure   
the same4 ,because nature had given him 
the constitution of a horse1 he thinks  
that every one should have a similar    
one4  ,such men as ,uncle ,john are     
striking examples of certain qualities2 
and of those particular qualities which 
conduce to success in life4 ,their      
highest praise 7perhaps there is no     
higher praise in the world7 is their    
unflinching integrity4 ,but we can not  
bring ourselves to think them--on the   

whole--models for imitation4 ,after all1
 there is selfishness at the bottom of  
their first motives1 and this quality   
grows with their growth1 and strengthens
 with their strength1 till1 in their old
 age1 they are impatient at all the     
enjoyments of youth4 ,the hardships of  
their younger days are not only to be   
pitied for the pain they must have      
inflicted at the time1 but because they 
have closed up all the avenues through  
which the gentler1 nobler1 and more     
generous sympathies of our nature find  
their way into the heart4 ,their want of
 education has not been of the mind     
alone1 but of the affections2 and as it 
is ten thousand times more difficult to 
learn a language or a science in old age
 than in youth1 so it is infinitely more
 difficult 7if it be not impossible7 to 
teach the science of the affections1 and
 the language of the heart1 to the old  
man whose youth has known nothing of    
either4 ,affliction and adversity teach 
oft-times sympathy and benevolence2 but 

to do so they must have followed on     
happier times1 and not have been a      
birth-portion4 ,you may praise and      
respect ,uncle ,johns1 but you can not  
love them--neither can they love you4   
,,darling ,,dorel4   ,dorothea ,sibylla1
 ,duchess of ,brieg1 was born at ,cln1  
on the ,river ,spree1 in ,prussia1 on   
the #aith of ,october1 #aeij4 ,she was  
the daughter of ,elizabeth of ,anhalt1  
and of ,john ,george1 ,margrave and     
,elector of ,brandenburg1 of the old    
princely ,ascanian race4 ,at the death  
of her husband in #aeih1 the widowed    
margravine retired to ,crossen to       
superintend her daughter's education4   
,in due time1 suitors were not wanting  
for the hand of young ,dorothea         
,sibylla3 among others1 the ,king of    
,denmark2 but he sued in vain4          
,dorothea1 at length1 fixed her         
affection on ,john ,christian1 ,duke of 
,liegnitz and ,brieg1 who enjoyed a     
great reputation for virtue1 ability1   
and integrity4 ,to him1 after a short   

courtship4 ,dorothea was married on the 
#abth of ,december1 #afaj1 at ,crossen2 
and reached ,brieg--the small capital of
 her future dominions--on the first of  
,january in the following year4  ,such  
is the dry sum of a charming ,court     
biography1 which first appeared in a    
periodical published in #ahbi1 in       
,silesia1 and which has been twice      
republished in a separate form--once 7in
 #ahch7 at ,brieg1 under the title of   
,passages from the ,life of ,dorothea   
,sibylla1 ,duchess of ,liegnitz and     
,brieg4 ,it purports to consist of      
extracts from the journal of a certain  
tanner and furrier of ,brieg1 named     
,valentinus ,gierth1 an occasional guest
 at the ducal castle1 and ardent admirer
 of the duchess4 ,as a simple1 and--if  
internal evidence be worth any          
thing--truthful picture of              
,german-,court life during the early    
part of the seventeenth century1 it is  
not to be gainsayed2 although suspicions
 of its authenticity have been cast upon

 it1 similar to those which damaged the 
charms of the ,diary of ,lady           
,willoughby1 by eventually proving it to
 be a fiction4  ,dorothea is described  
as a pattern of goodness1 common sense1 
virtue1 and piety4 ,in domestic         
management1 she was pre-eminent4 ,for   
her own immediate attendants1 she       
appointed fourteen maids of honor2 and  
the first families of the land looked   
upon it as an inestimable privilege to  
place their daughters at the ducal      
court2 which was a high school of all   
noble virtues and accomplishments1      
whereof the duchess herself was the     
chief teacher and most perfect model4   
,nothing could be more primitive than   
the duchess's intercourse with the      
townspeople4 ,occasionally she walked in
 the streets of ,brieg accompanied by   
her maids of honor1 and chatted with    
such of the townspeople as were sitting 
on the benches outside their doors4 ,the
 little children looked forward with the
 greatest delight to these town walks of

 the duchess2 for the ladies-in-waiting 
invariably carried about with them in   
their pockets all sorts of sweetmeats1  
which the duchess distributed among the 
little claimants4 ,for this reason1 the 
little children stood peeping round the 
corners of the streets1 when it got wind
 that the duchess was about to walk out2
 more especially when it was surmised   
that the duke would not be with her4 ,so
 soon1 therefore1 as ,dorothea ,sibylla 
left the castle gate1 the little urchins
 would run through the town1 like       
wildfire1 crying out1 ,the darling      
,dorel is coming6--the darling ,dorel is
 coming6  ,the manner in which this     
endearing designation first came to her 
ears is related with affecting          
simplicity4 ,it happened1 says ,master  
,gierth1 with true ,german              
particularity1 on the #ajth of          
,september 7old style7 in the year of   
our ,lord1 #afac2 that being the ,feast 
of ,st4 ,sibylla--one of the duchess's  
name-saints--and also the second        

birth-day of her son ,george4 ,there was
 a great feast at the castle2 to which  
the towns-folks and the children of the 
,high and ,guild ,schools were invited4 
,from the terrace1 quoth the chronicler1
 the whole procession moved along a     
wide1 smooth walk before the orangery2  
where the quality1 as well as the       
children1 were richly treated with      
strong1 spiced wine1 orange-water1 and  
confectionery4 ,her ladyship did1       
likewise1 lay certain presents before   
the young lord1 her son2 she did1       
likewise1 examine the children's        
school-books1 and the master's report1  
wherein the conduct of the children was 
noted1 and did put apposite questions to
 them touching their ,christian belief1 
and the like2 and1 on receiving right   
proper answers1 her face did shine like 
an angel's4  ,one little maiden1        
however1 which was weak and ignorant1   
was not able to answer the questions    
aright2 whereupon her ladyship did ask3 
',my child1 what is your name8'         

,whereunto she did answer1 ',anna       
,pohlin4'  ',well1' asked her ladyship1 
'and what is my name8'  ,straightway the
 little maiden did answer1 ',darling    
,dorel6'  ,hereupon ,master ,valentinus 
,gierth was somewhat affronted1 but did 
quickly recover himself and1 stepping up
 to her ladyship1 did say3  ',most      
gracious lady6 ,i trust your ladyship   
will pardon these words1 and not take   
them amiss2 inasmuch1 as it is true that
 the women of this town1 as well as of  
the neighboring villages1 when they do  
speak of your ladyship1 do commonly call
 your ladyship the ,darling ,dorel4'    
,then did the duchess fold her hands1   
and1 raising them to heaven1 did say3   
',god be praised for such a precious    
title6 the which1 as long as ,i am in my
 senses1 ,i would not exchange against  
',your ,majesty6'  ,the duke did1       
thereupon1 embrace her ladyship1 saying3
  ',away with the title1 'princely      
consort6' ,i will ever henceforth call  
thee by none other save ',darling       

,dorel6'  ,we by no means intend to     
follow the good tanner through his      
minute records2 but merely write thus   
much1 as necessary preface to a quaint  
little love story4 ,premising that the  
duchess had sent1 after her usual       
fashion1 a marriage present to a certain
 lady1 by two of her maids of honor 7by 
name ,agnes and ,mary71 we shall        
transfer the narrative to our pages in  
,master ,gierth's own manner4  ,after   
the presentation of the gifts1 and when 
the marriage ceremony was concluded1 the
 two maids of honor were preparing to   
return to ,brieg1 when the bride's      
father stopped them1 saying3  ',how8    
,shall ,i suffer two such angels of joy 
to depart1 without tasting of my food   
and my drink8 ,nay1 noble damsels1 ye   
must abide here awhile beyond the       
marriage festivities1 and be of good    
cheer6 ,i will immediately dispatch a   
trusty messenger on horse to her most   
gracious ladyship1 the duchess1 and     
obtain leave for your sojourn here4'    

,the two damsels did1 therefore1 abide  
there the space of three days1 and      
became acquainted with two gallants of  
the place2 with whom they did exchange  
love-tokens and rings4 ,but when the two
 damsels returned to ,brieg to render an
 account of their mission1 the duchess  
did note the rings on the fingers of the
 two damsels1 and questioned them how   
they came thereby4 ,so soon1 therefore1 
as the two damsels did confess the      
truth1 their mistress1 half-jestingly1  
and half in earnest1 said unto them3    
',how now1 ye gad-abouts6 ye have scarce
 chipped the egg-shell1 and have1 as    
yet1 no means to make the pot boil1     
seeing that ye are poor orphans1 and    
under age2 and ye yet dare to listen to 
the nonsense of strange gallants1       
unbeknown to your foster-mother6 ,tell  
me1 foolish young things1 ought ,i not  
to take the rod to you8 ,take off the   
rings from your fingers1 and give them  
to me4 ,i will send them back2 seeing   
that the betrothal is null and void1 and

 mere child's play4'  ,the young damsels
 did then obey her ladyship1 but wept   
apace the while4 ,this caused her       
ladyship to have compassion upon them1  
and she did minister comfort to them    
thus3  ',ah6 beloved daughters6 ye shed 
bitter1 hot tears that ye do not already
 wear the curch the ,german head dress  
of married women4 ,but if ye did but    
know the heaviness of being wedded      
wives1 even when the cares are lightest1
 ye would rejoice6 ,meanwhile1 the      
matter hath been carried on against all 
,christian order4 ,i have always heard  
that the lover first maketh his suit    
known to the parents or the guardians1  
and that then the betrothal taketh      
place4 ,your suitors must needs be in   
great haste4 ,why stand they in such    
great necessity of pushing their suit8' 
,hereupon the damsel ,agnes plucked up  
an heart1 and said quickly1  ',most     
gracious lady6 the gentlemen did come   
with us2 and have already the consent of
 their own parents to make their suit if

 they be but encouraged by a sign of    
approval4'  ',ah6 ,heaven have mercy6'  
cried the duchess1 joining her hands4   
',have ye1 scape-graces indeed1 brought 
your gallants hither8 ,i dare not       
inquire further4 ,may be1 ye have hidden
 them in your chambers8 ,meggy 7the     
duchess's nurse71 beg his lordship to   
come hither2 ,i must talk the matter    
over with him4'  ',after the duke had   
come and heard that which had befallen1 
he straightways asked the names of the  
gallants2 and when the damsels had      
informed his grace thereof1 his lordship
 did turn unto his consort1 saying3     
',listen1 ,darling ,dorel3 the parents1 
on both sides1 are most worthy persons1 
and of unblemished birth4 ,i advise that
 thou shouldst give thy consent         
thereunto6 ,remember1 dearest1 that we  
twain were of one mind long before ,i   
made known my suit unto thy mother4'    
,whereupon her ladyship did strike her  
lord upon the mouth with her kerchief1  
and said1  ',well6--well6--but we must  

first look at these youths1 and learn   
what they are like4 ,tell us now1 young 
damsels1 where are your lovers hidden1  
and what is the signal ye have agreed   
upon8'  ,agnes did immediately tell her 
ladyship that the gallants were housed  
at the ,golden ,pitcher2 and1 whereas   
the ,lion's ,tower1 in the palace1 could
 thence be plainly discerned1 they had  
agreed to tie a white kerchief round the
 neck of one of the lions as a signal   
that there was hope for them6 ,the      
gallants had agreed to abide at the     
hostel the space of eight days4 ,should 
the matter1 however1 turn out ill1 the  
kerchief displayed was to be black4     
',well done1' said the duchess to her   
husband2 'they wish to take two         
fortresses at once2 and would have the  
white flag wave without firing a shot1  
and without attempting a storm4'        
,hereupon the ,duke ,christian did take 
the hand of his beloved wife1 and spoke1
 somewhat in an under tone3  ',darling  
wife6 was not the green branch so often 

stuck in your window at ,crossen2 also a
 white flag8 ,moreover1 thou knowest    
little of a siege2 preparations for     
storming a citadel are not made during  
the daylight2 but secretly1 in the night
 season1 in order that the garrison     
perceive them not4 ,shots may already   
have been fired4 ,tell me1 young girls1 
have ye already kissed the gallants8    
,mary1 do you speak2 ye have not yet    
opened your mouth3 make a clean breast4'
  ',ah6 most gracious liege1' answered  
,mary1 'the gentlemen have1 indeed1     
squeezed hands in secret1 while we sat  
at table2 and during the marriage-dance1
 and at sundry other dances1 we kissed  
each other--seeing that others did the  
like4 ,but we could not be alone with   
them at any other time2 for the bride's 
mother was always about us1 and we lay  
in her room4 ,neither1 on the way home1 
had we much liberty2 seeing that the old
 secretary1 whom her ladyship did send  
with us1 did observe us most narrowly4  
,but1 when the old man did look out of  

the window of the carriage1 then did the
 gallants look tenderly upon us1 and did
 kiss their hands to us4  ',there1 now1'
 said his lordship1 turning to his wife1
 'you see that the siege was conducted  
with vigor4 ,the squeezing of hands was 
the parley2 the kisses the cannon-balls1
 sent so freely2 and the tender looks   
the shells4 ,depend upon it the storm   
can not long be delayed4 ,listen1       
darling wife1 my heart melts when ,i    
bethink me that we also1 in our youth1  
could not brook a long delay4'  ',let   
the drums beat the chamade parley1 and  
let us show our colors6' said the       
duchess2 while she threw her arms round 
her husband's neck1 and stopped his     
mouth with a kiss4 ,the duke did then   
ask her1 jestingly1 ',but which flag    
shall it be8'  ,hereupon the two young  
damsels did cry aloud1 as with one      
voice3  ',the white6--most gracious     
liege6--the white6'  ,the duchess could 
not choose but laugh heartily1 and his  
lordship did immediately order a servant

 to mount the tower1 and to tie a white 
kerchief round one of the lion's necks4 
,his lordship did then sing an old song 
the children are wont to sing on        
,may-day3      ',a stately house my lord
 doth keep1     ,two maidens from the   
windows peep2     ,a kerchief white the 
one doth wave1     ,because they fain   
would husbands have4'  ,and then did    
depart to put on better apparel1 wherein
 to await the coming of the wooers4 ,he 
did also command that all the court     
ladies and the courtiers should be      
present at the wooing4 ,meanwhile1      
',darling ,dorel' did ask the damsels   
where they had gotten the rings which   
they had presented to their gallants in 
return for theirs8 ,thereupon ,agnes did
 reply unto her ladyship3  ',most       
gracious lady6 we are but poor orphans1 
and possess nought save poor little gold
 rings belonging to our departed        
mothers1 ,and these we could not bear to
 part with4 ,we have therefore promised 
to buy rings with our savings1 and      

deliver them to our gallants on some    
fitting opportunity4'  ',in this case1' 
said her ladyship1 'ye are but half     
betrothed1 and there is yet time to     
think twice of the matter2'             
nevertheless1 her ladyship did praise   
the young damsels1 inasmuch as they did 
not part lightly and rashly with their  
mothers' trinkets4 ,she advised them1   
moreover1 to tarry2 as they or their    
gallants might change their minds4      
,this speech did much alarm the damsels1
 who did then believe the whole matter  
to be postponed2 and they did forthwith 
begin to weep1 and to beseech her       
ladyship1 not for this account1 to cause
 their lovers to alter their mind1      
seeing that they1 the damsels1 were     
poor1 and were not likely soon to get   
other suitors4  ,the duchess did then   
say unto them3 ',the misfortune would   
not be so great6 ,i would find husbands 
for you soon enough4' ,hereupon1 she    
turned to old ,meggy1 and said1  ',ah6  
most worthy nurse1 what a life does a   

wretched princess lead6 ,had ,i but     
married an honest burgher1 then should  
,i have had nothing but my household    
duties and my children to attend to2 ,i 
could have gone quietly to bed1 slept   
without care1 and waked with pleasure2  
but in my position every thing is       
otherwise4 ,alack1 when my other damsels
 come hither1 and learn that these silly
 girls are already betrothed1 they will 
all run mad1 and ,i shall have to send  
them to all the marriage feasts         
throughout the duchy to pick up         
husbands4'  ,hereupon1 she sent the     
nurse ,meggy for her jewel box1 opened  
it1 and gave to each of the two damsels 
a handsome ring1 the which they might   
present to their lovers1 and thus return
 their pledge2 but under this condition1
 that they were not to deliver their    
rings until the duchess gave them a sign
 thereunto with her kerchief4  ,while   
all this was going on1 the duke on his  
part had entered the duchess's          
apartment1 accompanied by the           

chamberlain1 all the gentlemen of his   
court1 and the maids of honor4 ,the     
lovers1 meanwhile1 were on the look out1
 and were not aware that matters had    
gone to such a length touching their    
love affairs4 ,they had joyfully obeyed 
the white signal1 and stood near unto   
the gates of the castle waiting for some
 opportunity of seeing their betrothed4 
,the duke perceived this1 and hereupon  
opened the window1 and called unto the  
soldiers on guard1 ',arrest me those two
 fellows1 and conduct them to the       
guard-house1 until further orders6'     
,hereupon the damsels1 ,agnes and ,mary1
 were exceedingly afraid4 ,the duke1    
however1 did comfort them with the      
following words3  ',this is on your     
account2 hasten and put on proper       
attire2 ye still have got on your old   
clothes1 and must adorn yourselves4'    
,the damsels ran gleefully and quickly  
into their rooms2 whither the duchess   
sent after them two other damsels to aid
 them in plaiting their hair4 ,they soon

 returned2 and each of the damsels about
 to be betrothed had put on the bridal  
wreath belonging to her mother4  ,the   
duke now ordered the lovers to be       
summoned from the guard-house4 ,they    
were sore abashed when they entered the 
room2 especially when his gracious      
lordship addressed the following        
questions to them3  ',what are your     
names8 ,have you passports8 and what is 
your will8'  ,the young men twirled     
their caps in their hands2 stared first 
at their loves1 and then at their       
gracious lieges2 but could not utter a  
word1 and stood looking very sheepish4  
',ah6' said his lordship1 'never in my  
life did ,i meet with two such dumb     
fellows4 ,my dominions will soon touch  
those of ,oppeln1 and you serve         
excellent well as landmarks6 can neither
 of ye say 'yea or nay8' ,answer me     
straight6 ,have ye got the consent of   
your parents to propose for those two   
chits2 and are ye ready to affirm the   
same on your word of honor1 as          

gentlemen8'  ,then did the young men    
recover their speech1 and they both     
answered1 ',yea4'  ',well1' said the    
duke1 ',i will now believe ye1 and keep 
you at my court some few days2 but as ye
 may be rogues and vagabonds for all    
that ,i know1 ,i will therefore send a  
messenger on horseback to your parents  
to get further intelligence1 and ye must
 have patience the while4'  ,hereupon   
the damsel1 ,mary1 turned to the        
duchess1 and said to her with great     
simplicity1  ',most gracious lady1 the  
gentlemen have spoken truth6 ,their     
parents have given them permission to   
woo us4 ,we have concealed nothing from 
them1 but confessed in the presence of  
the old lady ,wentzkin1 that we were    
poor orphan girls1 and have no dower4   
,but the mothers of our two lovers said 
that all was well2 if only we brought a 
blessing from ,darling ,dorel1 they     
should value it more than an earldom6   
,this ,agnes and ,i can affirm on oath4'
  ,on hearing this1 the duchess folded  

her hands in prayer1 looked toward      
heaven with tears in her eyes1 and still
 praying1 and gave the signal with her  
kerchief4 ,immediately the damsels      
placed the rings on the fingers of their
 lovers1 knelt down before the duchess1 
and besought her blessing4 ,the duchess 
laid her hands upon the heads of the    
young girls and said1  ',god alone1 who 
is in heaven1 knows whether this will   
prove a blessing or a curse2 but1 if    
,god hear the prayer of a weak woman1 it
 will prove a blessing6 ,bethink ye of  
your deceased parents2 and may their    
blessing evermore accompany ye6 ,and    
therefore1 let us most fervently utter  
the ,lord's ,prayer4'  ,hereupon all    
present fell upon their knees1 and      
prayed in a low voice2 but her most     
gracious ladyship did say the ,lord's   
,prayer aloud4  ,after the prayer was   
finished1 the duchess made a sign to the
 chief lady about the court1 who did    
thereupon bring1 on a silver salver1 two
 half wreaths1 which were twined in the 

hair of the two damsels1 ,agnes and     
,mary1 after they had taken off their   
own wreaths2 for it was the custom1 in  
,brieg1 for betrothed maidens to wear   
only half wreaths until their           
wedding-day1 when they wore whole ones4 
,the chamberlain did hereupon display   
from the window a red flag2 upon which  
signal the ducal band did strike up a   
merry tune with trumpets and            
kettle-drums from the castle tower2     
whereupon a crowd gathered in the town  
to know the cause of such rejoicing at  
the palace4  ,so soon1 therefore1 as the
 betrothed couples had duly thanked his 
grace and the duchess by kissing the    
hems of their garments1 her gracious    
ladyship did announce to the betrothed  
damsels1 that they should tarry with her
 for the space of one year1 in order    
more fully to learn their household     
duties1 and to strengthen them in the   
practice of the ,christian virtues2     
seeing that they were still1 as the     
duchess said1 as ignorant as callow     

geese6 ,moreover1 their clothes and     
furniture had to be provided1 and the   
like4 ,but to the gentlemen1 she said3  
,mind1 gentlemen1 ye must also make the 
best of it6 ,ye are scarce out of       
leading-strings1 and must go through    
some sort of ordeal4 ,i would advise you
 to travel1 if so be your parents can   
afford it4'  ',by all means1' added the 
duke2 'my ,darling ,dorel is perfectly  
right3 you must travel2 and1 if ye know 
not whither1 go to ,jericho1 and get ye 
some beards to your faces4'  ,as it was 
yet early in the day1 his gracious      
lordship did order dinner to be         
prepared3 to which1 besides the ,town   
,council1 and their wives and children1 
,master ,valentinus ,gierth and his wife
 ,susanna1 were invited4  ,his gracious 
lordship was exceeding merry1 and the   
duchess was most kind in her manner2    
nevertheless1 the guests did not fail to
 mark that her gracious ladyship did    
oftentimes look toward the new brides1  
and that big tears did sometimes roll   

down her cheek the while4     ,,courtesy
 ,,of ,,americans4   ,i like the        
,americans more and more3 either they   
have improved wonderfully lately1 or    
else the criticisms on them have been   
cruelly exaggerated4 ,they are          
particularly courteous and obliging2 and
 seem1 ,i think1 amiably anxious that   
foreigners should carry away a favorable
 impression of them4 ,as for me1 let    
other travelers say what they please of 
them1 ,i am determined not to be        
prejudiced1 but to judge of them exactly
 as ,i find them2 and ,i shall most     
pertinaciously continue to praise them  
7if ,i see no good cause to alter my    
present humble opinion71 and most       
especially for their obliging civility  
and hospitable attention to strangers1  
of which ,i have already seen several   
instances4  ,i have witnessed but very  
few isolated cases1 as yet1 of the      
unrefined habits so usually ascribed to 
them2 and those cases decidedly were not
 among the higher orders of people2 for 

there seems just as much difference in  
,america as any where else in some      
respects4 ,the superior classes here    
have almost always excellent manners1   
and a great deal of real and natural1 as
 well as acquired refinement1 and are   
often besides 7which perhaps will not be
 believed in fastidious ,england7       
extremely distinguished-looking4 ,by the
 way1 the captains of the steamboats    
appear a remarkably gentlemanlike race  
of men in general1 particularly         
courteous in their deportment1 and very 
considerate and obliging to the         
passengers4--,lady ,emeline ,wortley4   
,monthly ,record of ,current ,events4   
,,political ,,and ,,general ,,news4     
,,the ,,united ,,states4  ,the past     
month has been remarkable for general   
quiet and for an absence of excitement  
of any kind1 rather than for events     
either of political or general interest4
 ,it has often been noted as            
characteristic of the ,american         
,republic1 that1 however fierce and     

menacing popular excitement may appear  
to be1 it disappears with the immediate 
event which gave it birth4 ,a           
presidential election1 for instance1    
calls forth the most embittered and     
apparently dangerous contests between   
different sections of the ,union1 and an
 observer1 unacquainted with the        
character of our people1 and the        
practical working of our institutions1  
would naturally expect that the result1 
whatever it might be1 would excite the  
defeated party to armed resistance1 and 
plunge the country into civil war4 ,but 
the whole country is never so quiet--the
 public mind is never so free from      
agitation1 as immediately after an      
excited election contest4 ,the          
adjournment of ,congress has had a      
similar effect4 ,stimulants to sectional
 or party feeling are no longer there   
applied2 the public attention is no     
longer fastened upon public men1 and    
social and civil life resume their      
ordinary channels of quiet and          

harmonious progress4  ,some of the      
,state ,legislatures are still in       
session1 but their action is too local  
to excite general interest4 ,a very     
important ,act has passed the           
,legislature of the ,state of ,new      
,york1 re-organizing the ,common ,school
 ,system of the ,state1 and placing it  
partially upon the free basis4 ,by the  
law of #ahdi all the common schools of  
the ,state were made entirely free1     
their cost being paid by county1 town1  
and district taxation4 ,this was found  
to be highly obnoxious1 chiefly from    
that provision which gave the voters in 
any district power to tax the property  
of the district ad libitum for school   
purposes4 ,the new law was passed to    
remedy those objections4 ,by its        
provisions a ,state tax of #hjj1jjj is  
annually imposed upon the property of   
the ,state1 and distributed among the   
schools4 ,the balance1 if any should be 
required1 is to be collected by         
rate-bill from those who send to school1

 indigent persons being exempt1 at the  
expense of property of the town4 ,the   
bill has become a law and will go into  
operation next fall4 ,another very      
important measure has been introduced   
into the ,legislature1 concerning the   
enlargement of the ,erie ,canal4 ,the   
,constitution of the ,state sets apart  
the surplus revenues of the canals in   
each year1 for the completion of the    
enlargement2 but the rapidly increasing 
competition of railroads has led the    
,legislature to perceive the necessity  
of accomplishing this work more rapidly 
than it can be done in the way hitherto 
adopted4 ,the bill referred to proposes 
to borrow money on the credit of the    
surplus revenues set apart by the       
,constitution2 and with the money thus  
procured1 to complete the enlargement   
forthwith1 setting apart the revenues as
 a fund to redeem the certificates4 ,the
 measure was very strenuously resisted  
by the ,democratic party1 chiefly on the
 ground that it was unconstitutional4   

,this1 however1 was denied by the       
friends of the bill4 ,it was argued with
 great ability and zeal on both sides4  
,in the ,assembly the bill passed1 by a 
vote of #gf ayes and #ba nays ,in the   
,senate it is still under consideration4
 ,we have already recorded the attempt  
and failure of the ,legislature to elect
 a ,senator in the ,congress of the     
,united ,states4 ,on the #ahth of ,march
 the effort was renewed by a joint      
resolution1 and after a session         
protracted until two hours after        
midnight1 it resulted1 through the      
absence of two ,democratic ,senators1 in
 the choice1 by separate nomination of  
each ,house1 of ,,hamilton ,,fish4 ,in  
the ,senate there were #af votes for1   
and #ab against him4 ,in the ,house he  
received #fh votes and there were but #h
 against him4 ,he has accepted the      
office4--,the members of the            
,legislature and the ,state ,officers   
paid a visit of three days to the ,city 
of ,new ,york1 on the invitation of the 

,mayor and ,common ,council4 ,they      
visited the different public and        
charitable institutions1 of this city   
and ,brooklyn2 and were entertained at a
 public dinner at the ,astor ,house1 on 
the evening of ,march #bb;d4 ,this is   
the first visit of the kind ever        
made4--,a bill for the suppression of   
gambling1 containing some stringent     
provisions1 having been introduced into 
the ,senate1 and referred to a committee
 of three1 ,,george ,w4 ,,bull1         
sergeant-at-arms of that body1          
endeavored to enter into negotiations   
with the reputed proprietor of a        
gambling hell in ,new ,york to delay or 
defeat the bill1 for an adequate        
compensation4 ,he managed to procure a  
note from the committee to the effect   
that the bill would not come up the     
present session4 ,the attempt was       
exposed1 and the offender forthwith     
dismissed from his office4 ,an          
unsuccessful attempt was made to        
implicate the senatorial committee in   

this scandalous affair1 upon the ground 
that they could not have been ignorant  
of the purpose for which their note was 
procured4  ,nothing of special          
importance has occurred in any section  
of the country4 ,in ,ohio the           
,legislature has adopted a series of    
resolutions concerning the ,fugitive    
,slave law1 urging a faithful execution 
of the law1 but recommending such       
modifications as experience may prove to
 be essential4 ,in view of the ,act of  
the ,legislature of ,south ,carolina1   
providing for the appointment of        
delegates to a ,southern ,congress1 the 
,general ,assembly of ,virginia has     
passed a series of resolutions to the   
following purport3 #a4 ,that while      
,virginia sympathizes in the feelings   
excited by the interference of the      
non-slaveholding ,states with the       
domestic institutions of the ,south1 yet
 the people of that ,state are unwilling
 to take any action1 in consequence of  
the same1 calculated to destroy the     

integrity of this ,union4 #b4 ,that     
regarding the ,compromise measures1     
taken together1 as an adjustment of the 
exciting questions to which they relate1
 and cherishing the hope that if fairly 
executed1 they will restore to the      
country that harmony and confidence1    
which of late have been so unhappily    
disturbed1 the ,state of ,virginia deems
 it unwise1 in the present condition of 
the country1 to send delegates to the   
proposed ,southern ,congress4 #c4       
,virginia appeals to ,south ,carolina to
 desist from any meditated secession    
upon her part1 which can not but tend to
 the destruction of the ,union1 and the 
loss to all the ,states of the blessings
 that spring from it4 #d4 ,believing    
that the ,constitution provides adequate
 protection to the rights of all the    
,states1 ,virginia invokes all who live 
under it to adhere more strictly to it1 
and to preserve inviolate the safeguards
 which it affords to the rights of      
individual ,states1 and the interests of

 sectional minorities4 #e4 ,reprobates  
all legislation or combinations designed
 to affect the institutions peculiar to 
the ,south1 as derogatory and offensive 
to the ,southern ,states1 and calculated
 to defeat the restoration of peaceful  
and harmonious sentiments in these      
,states4 ,these dignified and temperate 
resolutions passed with singular        
unanimity3 the #c;d with but three1 the 
#ast with only one1 and the #dth and    
#eth without a single dissenting voice1 
out of #aah members present and voting4 
,they were directed to be transmitted to
 the ,executive of each of the ,states1 
with the exception of ,vermont4 ,in the 
,senate an amendment was passed1        
omitting this exception of ,vermont2 but
 the ,house refusing1 by a very close   
vote1 to concur1 the ,senate receded4   
,there is little doubt that these       
resolutions embody the prevalent        
sentiment of the ,south4 ,the ,richmond 
,enquirer1 one of the ablest and most   
influential ,southern papers1 affirms   

them to be such an expression of        
sentiment as will harmonize with the    
universal sentiment of the ,south1 with 
rare exceptions4 ,south ,carolina1 it   
goes on to say1 still wears the front of
 resistance and war2 and in a portion of
 ,mississippi we expect to hear of      
secret pledges of dark import1 of maps1 
drawings1 and lines of demarkation for a
 ,southern ,confederacy1 of a ,president
 in embryo1 foreign ministers in        
expectancy1 and1 in short1 all the      
paraphernalia of a ,southern ,court4 ,we
 have watched the ,southern horizon with
 a steady and keen eye1 and with the    
slight exceptions alluded to above1 we  
can not but regard it as a fixed fact   
that the ,south has already acquiesced  
in the ,compromise measures4  ,in       
,georgia1 ,alabama1 ,tennessee1 and     
,kentucky1 all the indications of public
 sentiment are of the same tendency4 ,in
 ,missouri the ,state ,convention has   
adopted an address and resolutions in   
favor of the course pursued by ,mr4     

,benton in opposition to those who are  
regarded as the enemies of the ,union4  
,in ,south ,carolina1 the tone of the   
press and of public men is decidedly    
hostile to the ,union4 ,it is1 however1 
a significant fact that the election of 
delegates to the ,state ,convention     
failed to draw out a third of the vote  
of the ,state4 ,col4 ,,isaac ,w4        
,,hayne1 the ,attorney-,general of the  
,state1 and member-elect from           
,charleston1 of the ,state ,convention1 
has published a letter in which he      
laments this apathy on the part of the  
voters4 ,he affirms that any ,state has 
a right to withdraw from the ,union1    
with or without cause2 that he has begun
 to loathe the tie which connects us    
with our miscalled brethren of the      
,north4 ,not the victims of the tyranny 
of ,mezentius1 he goes on to say1 could 
have shrunk in more disgust from the    
unnatural union of warm and breathing   
life with the rotting carcass of what   
had once been a brother man1 than ,i do 

from this once cherished but now        
abhorred and forced connection4 ,the    
policy which he recommends1 now that the
 occasion which the admission of        
,california and the dismemberment of    
,texas might have afforded1 has passed  
away unimproved is1 to teach that       
disunion is a thing certain in the      
future2 to direct1 in contemplation of  
this1 all the energies of oar people    
first to preparation for a physical     
contest1 and then to develop all our own
 resources1 and cut off1 as far as      
possible1 all intercourse with the      
offending ,states4 ,this done1 to hold  
ourselves ready to move on the first    
general ferment in the ,south1 which1 my
 life upon it1 will occur full soon1 and
 in the meanwhile1 to cultivate the     
kindest relations1 and to keep up1      
industriously and with system1 the      
closest intercourse with our sister     
,states of the ,south4  ,a letter from  
,senator ,,phelps of ,vermont to a      
member of the ,virginia ,legislature1   

respecting the ,vermont law in relation 
to fugitives1 appears in the ,southern  
papers4 ,it bears date in ,january1 but 
we believe it is now first published4   
,he gives it as his opinion that the law
 of ,vermont1 of which a synopsis may be
 found in our ,january ,number1 was     
passed in haste1 and without due        
consideration1 and does not embody the  
deliberate sense of the people or of the
 legislative body of that ,state4 ,he   
affirms that the entire ,congressional  
delegation of the ,state agree with him 
in deprecating its passage2 and         
expresses the opinion that it will be   
repealed at the next session of the     
,legislature4  ,chevalier ,,hulsemann1  
the ,austrian ,charg1 in reply to the   
famous dispatch of ,mr4 ,webster1 says  
that the opinions of his ,government    
remain unaltered with respect to the    
mission of ,mr4 ,mann2 but that it      
declines all ulterior discussion of that
 annoying incident1 from unwillingness  
to disturb its friendly relations with  

the ,united ,states4 ,austria has not   
demanded1 and will not demand any thing 
beyond the putting in practice the      
principles of non-intervention announced
 by ,president ,fillmore2 and is        
sincerely disposed to remain in friendly
 relations with the ,government of the  
,united ,states so long as the ,united  
,states shall not deviate from those    
principles4 ,mr4 ,,webster1 in reply1   
states that the ,president regrets that 
the dispatch was unsatisfactory1 but is 
gratified to learn that the ,imperial   
,government desires to continue the     
present friendly relations2 and also    
that it approves the sentiments         
expressed in his ,message1 in accordance
 with which he intends to act4 ,he says 
that the ,government of the ,united     
,states is equally disinclined to       
prolong the discussion2 but declares    
that the principles and policy avowed by
 the ,united ,states are fixed and      
fastened upon them by their character1  
their history1 and their position among 

the nations of the world2 and it may be 
regarded as certain that these          
principles and this policy will not be  
abandoned or departed from until some   
extraordinary change shall take place in
 the general current of human affairs4  
,,amin ,,bey1 the ,turkish              
,commissioner1 in taking leave of the   
,president1 preparatory to returning to 
his own country1 read an address        
expressing his appreciation of the      
courtesy shown him upon his visit1 and  
his sense of the progress and resources 
of this country4 ,he carries with him to
 ,constantinople many valuable works1   
presented by ,government and by private 
liberality1 relating to the agriculture1
 industry1 and commerce of the ,united  
,states4  ,in ,ohio the ,constitutional 
,convention closed its labors on the    
#ajth of ,march1 having been in session 
nearly six months4 ,the ,constitution   
which they framed is to be voted upon on
 the third ,tuesday in ,june4 ,it       
embraces #af articles1 divided into #afh

 sections4 ,it provides for freedom of  
religion1 equality of political rights1 
trial by jury1 the habeas corpus1       
freedom of speech and of the press1 and 
no imprisonment for debt4 ,the right of 
suffrage is vested in all free white    
male adult citizens4 ,all patronage is  
taken from the ,general ,assembly2      
judicial and executive officers are to  
be elected by the people2 and the public
 printing to be given to the lowest     
responsible bidder4 ,no new county can  
be formed without the sanction of the   
majority of voters in all the counties  
of which the boundaries would be        
changed4 ,provision is made for the     
liquidation of the ,state debt2 and no  
new debt can be created by the ,general 
,assembly except in case of war or      
insurrection1 or to a limited amount to 
meet any temporary deficiency2 and funds
 borrowed for these purposes can be used
 for no other4 ,no special act of       
incorporation can be granted2 but a     
general law1 subject to alteration or   

repeal1 may be passed1 under which      
associations may be formed4 ,the        
,general ,assembly is prohibited from   
assuming the debt of any county1 town1  
or city2 from loaning the credit of the 
,state to1 or becoming a stockholder on 
any corporation or association4 ,no     
divorce can be granted by the           
,legislature4 ,an article prohibiting   
licenses for the sale of intoxicating   
liquors is to be separately voted upon4 
,provision is made for law reform1 and  
for amendments to the ,constitution from
 time to time4 ,every twenty years the  
question of a ,constitutional           
,convention is to be submitted to vote4 
,the details of the legislative1        
executive1 and judicial systems1 are not
 essentially different from those which 
generally prevail4  ,in ,virginia a     
,constitutional ,convention is now in   
session4 ,it is at present occupied in  
discussing the question of the basis of 
representation4 ,the section of the     
,state east of the ,blue ,ridge1 with   

about four-ninths of the free           
population1 pays nearly two-thirds of   
the taxes4 ,they desire that one half of
 the representatives should be          
apportioned in the ratio of the voters2 
and the other half in that of taxation2 
which would secure the preponderance to 
the eastern section4 ,the west demand   
that representation shall be in the     
ratio of the voters1 which would give   
the political supremacy to their portion
 of the ,state4 ,the debates have been  
protracted and exciting4  ,the frontiers
 of ,texas continue to be harassed by   
marauding parties of ,indians4 ,an      
expedition has been fitted out to bring 
them to terms4  ,the little village of  
,socorro1 in ,new ,mexico1 has been the 
scene of a fearful tragedy4 ,a band of  
desperadoes had gradually collected     
there1 who indulged in the most wanton  
acts of outrage and barbarity1 upon the 
,mexican residents1 finally ending in   
more than one deliberate murder4 ,a few 
members of the ,boundary ,commission who

 had been left there1 headed an         
organization which captured a number of 
the gang1 of whom three were tried and  
hung on the spot4 ,the ringleader1 who  
had made his escape1 was soon after     
taken1 and shared the same fate4  ,from 
,california we have intelligence up to  
the #eth of ,march4 ,the amount of gold 
received during the month1 exclusive of 
that in the hands of passengers is about
 #a1hag1jjj4 ,the production continues  
abundant2 though the profits of         
agriculture are represented to be quite 
equal1 and more sure1 than those of     
mining4 ,hostilities with the ,indians  
still continue4 ,another engagement has 
taken place1 in which #dj of the        
,indians were killed1 without loss on   
the part of the whites4 ,in ,sacramento 
,city1 a gambler engaged in a brawl1    
shot down a citizen who attempted to    
prevent outrage4 ,the murderer was      
seized by the populace1 tried by ,lynch 
law1 found guilty1 and in spite of the  
efforts of some citizens1 hung from the 

branch of a tree1 within a few hours of 
the commission of the murder4 ,in ,san  
,francisco two men came near sharing a  
similar fate for an attempt at murder   
and robbery4 ,they were1 however1       
finally rescued from the populace1 and  
handed over to the civil authority4 ,no 
,senator has been elected4 ,the         
,legislature met in joint convention2   
but after #add ballots1 finding no      
probability of succeeding in making an  
election1 adjourned sine die4 ,the whole
 number of votes cast was #di2 thus     
making #be necessary for a choice4 ,the 
highest number for ,mr4 ,frmont was #af4
 ,mr4 ,heydenfeldt1 formerly of         
,alabama1 was for a time the leading    
,democratic candidate4 ,he was opposed  
by a portion of his party1 on the       
alleged ground of having formerly       
advocated disunion4 ,this is denied by  
himself and his friends4 ,mr4 ,weller   
was subsequently taken up2 and at the   
last ballot received #ah votes4 ,the    
,whig candidate throughout was ,mr4     

,king1 whose highest vote was #bj4      
,,mexico4  ,from ,mexico the general    
aspect of intelligence is gloomy enough4
 ,it would seem doubtful whether there  
is sufficient vitality left for the     
re-organization of society1 without an  
infusion of a more fresh and vigorous   
blood4 ,the administration of ,arista   
has not thus far realized the           
anticipations which had been cherished  
of it4 ,the country is infested with    
predatory ,indians and brigands4 ,on the
 #aeth of ,february1 a train of wagons  
was attacked in broad daylight1 a few   
miles from the capital1 by a band of #ae
 robbers who drove off the military     
escort and carried away a large amount  
of goods4 ,the ,minister of ,war and    
,marine urges the establishment of      
military colonies upon the frontiers2   
and recommends the desperate measure of 
incorporating into these colonies the   
agricultural ,indians1 such as the      
,seminoles1 who are accustomed to the   
use of arms1 and are disposed to settle 

in fixed habitations1 so that they may  
serve as a barrier against the marauding
 ,camanches1 ,lipanes1 and ,apaches4    
,the highroad leading from ,mazatlan to 
the mines is held by the ,indians4 ,in  
,yucatan fears are entertained of the   
extermination of the whites4 ,the       
refractory ,bishop of ,michoacan has at 
length consented to take the oath to    
sustain the constitution and laws4 ,an  
act of the ,legislature of ,queretaro1  
restoring the ,jesuits to that ,state1  
has been pronounced by ,congress to be a
 violation of the ,constitution4 ,the   
exclusive right for #ajj years to       
construct a railroad from ,vera ,cruz to
 ,madellan has been granted to ,don ,jos
 ,maria ,estellan4   ,,great ,,britain4 
,our last ,record closed amidst the     
unsuccessful attempts to find somebody  
who would undertake to carry on the     
government of the country4 ,stanley and 
,russell1 the representatives of the    
,free-trade and ,protection parties1    
felt too weak4 ,gladstone would not help

 ,stanley1 nor ,graham help ,russell2   
and nobody would help ,lord ,aberdeen4  
,at last the advice of the ,duke of     
,wellington was solicited2 in accordance
 with which the former ,ministry were   
invited to resume their places4 ,they   
left office on the #bb;d of ,february   
because they were unable to obtain the  
confidence of the ,house1 and resumed on
 the #c;d of ,march1 under the pressure 
of the same inability1 every man his old
 office4 ,at a meeting of the members of
 the ,house who usually supported him1  
summoned by ,lord ,john ,russell1 he    
announced1 among other measures1 that it
 was the determination of the           
,government to proceed with the         
,ecclesiastical ,titles ,bill1 with     
certain modifications4 ,this aroused    
vehement remonstrances from a number of 
,catholic ,whigs1 who announced their   
determination to oppose the ,ministry at
 all hazards4 ,when the bill came to be 
presented1 it was found that all that   
remained was the prohibition for        

,catholic bishops to assume titles      
derived from the name of any place in   
the ,united ,kingdom4 ,dr4 ,wiseman must
 not call himself ,archbishop of        
,westminster1 or ,dr4 ,m',hale sign     
himself ,john of ,tuam1 under penalty of
 #ajj1 if ,government should have the   
folly to prosecute4 ,meanwhile they may 
address each other by these titles1 and 
all ,catholics may consider and address 
them so unharmed4 ,the bill1 as modified
 passed to a second reading on the #bb;d
 of ,march1 by #dch ayes to #ie nays--a 
majority of more than four to one4 ,such
 is the finale of the absurd and        
disproportionate agitation with respect 
to the ,papal ,agression4 ,nobody is    
satisfied4 ,the ,church party1 who      
mourned over the shortcomings of the    
bill as originally presented1 are of    
course still less pleased with it as    
emasculated4 ,the ,catholics who then   
opposed it as an injury1 now resent it  
as an insult4  ,the ,ministry has       
sustained a series of annoying defeats  

and checks on unimportant measures2 and 
have therefore kept back all the leading
 business1 such as the presentation of  
the ,budget4 ,the ,protection and       
,free-trade parties are mustering their 
strength throughout the country1        
preparatory to a general election1 which
 will probably take place at the close  
of the present session4  ,the prevailing
 crime at present seems to be poisoning 
by arsenic4 ,wives poison their         
husbands1 husbands their wives1 and     
servants both4 ,a bill has has been     
introduced by ,lord ,carlisle           
prohibiting the sale of arsenic except  
in the presence of a witness1 who with  
the purchaser1 are to register their    
names in a book4 ,it is also proposed to
 enact that all arsenic sold shall be   
mixed with substances which by their    
taste or color will give warning of its 
presence4  ,an insurrection has broken  
out among the ,kaffirs at the ,cape1    
which promises to be annoying and       
expensive4 ,the ultimate cause is the   

gradual expulsion of the savages1 which 
always follows the colonization of their
 territories by civilized nations4      
,thousands are driven from their lands1 
and compressed into a space only        
sufficient for scores1 and begin to     
think it as well to die fighting as     
starving4 ,the ,governor at the ,cape   
having formally deposed and outlawed one
 of the powerful native chiefs1         
dispatched an expedition to seize his   
person4 ,this body of troops1 consisting
 of #fjj men1 was attacked in a narrow  
defile by the ,kaffirs1 and suffered    
some loss4 ,attacks were then made upon 
three of the frontier settlements1 and  
the colonists1 to the number of #gj     
massacred4 ,a levy en masse of all males
 between the ages of eighteen and fifty 
was summoned by the ,governor1 to       
destroy and exterminate those most      
barbarous and treacherous savages1 who  
for the moment are formidable4 ,several 
smart engagements have taken place1 in  
which the savages1 though worsted1      

displayed great daring1 and considerable
 skill and discipline4  ,attention has  
been called in ,parliament to the       
proceedings of the various              
,revolutionary ,committees composed of  
foreign refugees1 and headed by         
,mazzini1 ,ledru-,rollin1 and ,klapka4  
,their proceedings were charged with    
being a violation of the obligations    
they incurred when they came to seek the
 protection of ,english laws4 ,members  
of ,government expressed their decided  
disapprobation of the course pursued by 
the refugees in endeavoring to excite   
insurrection in foreign countries4  ,a  
,miss ,talbot1 heiress to a fortune of  
#hj1jjj1 has entered a convent as       
postulant with the intention of taking  
the vail in a few months1 when it is    
supposed that her fortune will pass to  
the church4 ,this has occasioned some   
excitement against convents1 and a bill 
has been introduced intended to prevent 
the forcible detention of females in    
houses in which the inmates are bound by

 religious or monastic vows4 ,it        
provides that all such establishments   
shall be registered1 and subject to     
semi-annual visitation by public        
officers1 who shall have power to remove
 any female who desires it4 ,concealment
 of any part of the premises1 or of any 
person therein1 false lists of the      
inmates1 and any obstruction to the     
visitors1 are to be punished as         
misdemeanors4 ,measures are also        
proposed regulating legacies made for   
religious purposes4  ,at ,chelmsford a  
man and woman were hung for murder1     
attended by the usual disgraceful       
accompaniments of a public execution4   
,crowds gathered from all the           
surrounding country2 at the moment of   
execution #dj1jjj or #ej1jjj persons are
 said to have been present4 ,venders of 
edibles plied their vocation in the most
 gross and revolting manner2            
pickpockets1 as usual1 were in          
attendance1 and the general deportment  
of the spectators1 men1 women1 and      

children1 was disgusting and brutal4    
,the man confessed his guilt4 ,the      
woman1 whose crime was poisoning with   
arsenic1 died protesting her innocence4 
,a monster address signed by #fa        
noblemen1 #aaj members of the ,house of 
,commons1 and #cba1bdj other persons1   
lay members of the church of ,england1  
has been presented by ,lord ,ashley to  
the ,queen4 ,it beseeches her ,majesty  
to resist the ,papal aggression2 and    
goes on to speak of that act having been
 occasioned and invited by the conduct  
of many of the clergy of the church of  
,england1 who have shown a desire to    
assimilate the doctrines of their church
 to those of ,rome4 ,after specifying   
the sacramental system and histrionic   
arrangements in the churches1 it says   
that by the constitution and existing   
laws1 there is vested in your ,majesty  
as the earthly head of our ,church1 a   
wholesome power of interposition1 which 
power we entreat your ,majesty now to   
exercise4  ,charges have been made in   

the ,house of ,commons against ,lord    
,torrington1 late ,governor of ,ceylon4 
,he is accused of gross misgovernment1  
wanton cruelty in suppressing native    
insurrection1 and the production of     
false evidence4 ,lord ,john ,russell    
announced that he should postpone the   
,budget and the ,income ,tax1 until this
 charge1 which was in effect one against
 ,government1 had been disposed of4     
,upon which the mover announced that he 
should postpone his motion until after  
the introduction of these measures4     
,lord ,torrington1 in the ,house of     
,lords1 came forward and challenged the 
prosecution of these charges4  ,a       
coal-pit disaster occurred near         
,glasgow1 involving a terrible loss of  
life4 ,while #fc men and boys were at   
work in the mine1 an explosion of       
fire-damp occurred4 ,of those in the    
mine all but two perished4  ,a searching
 investigation is going on into the     
adulterations of articles of food4 ,it  
is asserted that there is scarcely an   

article which is in any way susceptible 
of mixture1 that is not mingled with    
others not merely of inferior value1 but
 in many cases of the most loathsome and
 disgusting nature4 ,ground coffee is   
specified as particularly subject to    
adulteration4  ,a somewhat singular     
controversy has arisen in reference to a
 body of refugees from ,hungary1 who    
have recently arrived at ,liverpool4    
,they number #bfb1 of whom the majority 
are ,poles1 the remnant of the ,polish  
legion in ,hungary4 ,government wishes  
to send them to ,america1 and offers a  
bounty of #h1 to each man who will go4  
,they wish to remain in ,england1       
evidently anticipating an uprising in   
some part of ,europe1 where their       
services may be called into requisition4
 ,they are entirely destitute of means  
of support1 and in ,england can only    
maintain themselves by begging4  ,the   
frigate ,st4 ,lawrence1 having on board 
the contributions to the ,exhibition    
from the ,united ,states1 arrived at    

,portsmouth on the #acth of ,march4 ,a  
meeting of the ,american exhibitors has 
been held at ,london1 at which great    
dissatisfaction was expressed with many 
of the arrangements4 ,they object in    
particular to the appointment of jurors 
to decide upon the merits of foreign    
productions2 to bronze medals being     
awarded as prizes1 when more valuable   
ones had been promised2 to the high     
price of season tickets2 to contributors
 being compelled to pay for admission1  
and be at the expense of their own      
fittings2 and to the delay in affording 
protection to the articles which require
 a patent4 ,some leakage has occurred in
 the roof of the ,exhibition ,building2 
but it is hoped that it may be obviated4
 ,all opinion adverse to the suitability
 of the painting of the interior has    
passed away4 ,the theoretical views of  
the decorator have been abundantly      
justified by the practical effect4      
,another expedition in search of ,sir   
,john ,franklin is to be fitted out this

 season4 ,the little ,prince ,albert is 
to be sent out1 it is hoped1 under      
happier auspices than attended her      
former voyage4 ,it is expected to reach 
,lancaster ,sound1 by the middle of     
,june4 ,the vessel will be laid up for  
wintering in ,prince ,regent's ,inlet4  
,the party will then proceed in boats as
 far as practicable4 ,when these can no 
longer be worked1 native kyacks will be 
used1 which will enable the explorers to
 reach a point some one or two hundred  
miles further than boats could carry    
them1 as the kyacks can be hauled up and
 dragged over the ice4 ,the expedition  
will remain out for at least one season2
 and a very extensive search to the     
westward of ,boothia is proposed4 ,it   
will be under the command of ,capt4 ,w4 
,kennedy1 who has had no small          
experience in these icy regions4 ,we do 
not learn whether ,mr4 ,snow1 from whose
 interesting book we copied so largely  
last month1 is to be attached to this   
new expedition4   ,,france4  ,the most  

striking incident which has occurred    
since our last has been a debate on a   
proposition to repeal the law exiling   
the ,bourbon family4 ,m4 ,berryer1      
acting in the name of the ,legitimists1 
opposed the motion on the ground that   
the ,count of ,chambord is not an exiled
 ,frenchman1 but an extruded king1 who  
could not stoop to accept a permission  
to re-enter his own hereditary          
dominions4 ,m4 ,thiers1 as the organ of 
the ,orleanists1 advocated the          
proposition4 ,the ,minister of ,justice1
 in the name of ,government1 was        
favorable to the principle of the bill1 
but was opposed to pressing it at       
present4 ,the ,assembly was thrown into 
violent agitation by a speech from ,m4  
,dufraisse1 one of the most able and    
earnest of the ,montagnards1 who        
delivered a speech which would not have 
been misplaced in the mouth of          
,robespierre or ,danton4 ,the pale head1
 compressed lips1 and intense expression
 of the young lawyer of the ,mountain1  

says an eyewitness1 reminded the        
auditors1 not without a shudder1 of such
 a thoroughbred ,jacobin as ,st4 ,just4 
,he declared that the laws of           
proscription were just1 and ought to be 
maintained4 ,the ,revolution can not ask
 pardon of the dynasties it has justly  
upset4 ,have the family of ,orleans laid
 aside the claims of their birth8 ,have 
they rendered homage to the sovereignty 
of the nation8 ,do not the descendants  
of ,st4 ,louis continually dispute the  
independence and the conquests of the   
people8 ,you tell us that royalty never 
dies2 we reply1 ,nor does its           
punishment4 ,if the principle of        
sovereignty is eternal1 so shall its    
punishment be eternal4 ,the law ought to
 chastise the voluntary representatives1
 the willing heirs of a principle which 
the people have abolished4 ,he went on  
to vindicate the execution of ,louis    
,,xvi41 and declared that those who     
voted against the death of that monarch1
 meditated a return to royalty1 and     

reminded the ,assembly that among those 
who voted for the execution1 was the    
grandfather of the princes whose        
banishment was sought to be repealed4   
,the speech caused a perfect storm of   
passion in the ,assembly4 ,members      
rushed to the tribune1 and shook their  
fists in the speaker's face4 ,m4        
,berryer proposed the adjournment of the
 question for six months1 as he could   
not vote on the same side with those who
 advocated such doctrines4 ,this1 which 
is looked upon as equivalent to a       
rejection of the proposition1 was       
carried by acclamation4  ,rumors have   
for some time been rife of an intended  
fusion between the ,bourbon and ,orleans
 interests1 with a view to a speedy     
restoration of the monarchy4 ,these     
would seem to be put to rest by a letter
 from the ,orleans princes in ,england  
to the ,orleans ,committee in ,paris1 in
 which they declare that they will      
negotiate only on the soil of ,france1  
and while out of their country will take

 no part in political questions4 ,the   
prolongation of the term of the         
,president is urged in many quarters as 
the only practicable safeguard against  
socialism and anarchy4 ,the present     
aspect of affairs seems to indicate that
 he will be continued in office in some 
shape or other4  ,the ,bishop of        
,chartres1 in a pastoral letter1 attacks
 a late circular of the ,archbishop of  
,paris1 recommending the clergy to      
abstain from politics1 and to yield     
obedience to the laws of their country4 
,the bishop considers that when         
destructive principles are advanced1 the
 clergy should be found ready to oppose 
their progress2 and he sees no reason   
why the ecclesiastical body should be   
enjoined to take no part in public      
affairs4 ,the archbishop1 in reply1     
denounces the conduct of the bishop1 as 
an unwarrantable interference with his  
jurisdiction1 and as a breach of the    
respect due to him as metropolitan3 and 
refers the bishop's letter to the       

provincial council to be held during the
 present year at ,paris4  ,the          
,professors of the ,college of ,france  
held a meeting at the ,sorbonne to take 
into consideration the tendency of the  
lectures of ,m4 ,michelet1 which were   
considered prejudicial1 in a moral and  
political point of view to the students4
 ,he himself declined to attend1 but    
defended himself in a letter stating    
that his lectures were blamed only by   
the ,jesuits and the enemies of ,french 
nationality4 ,his colleagues1 by a vote 
of #ag out of #ba decided upon a vote of
 censure against him1 and that the      
minutes of their proceedings should be  
transmitted to the ,minister for        
approval4 ,it is said that ,m4 ,michelet
 his resigned his chair4   ,,germany4   
,the ,german mists grow thicker4 ,all   
that can now be affirmed with certainty 
is1 that the ,dresden ,conference has   
been no more able to improvise a ,german
 ,empire than was the ,frankfort        
,parliament4 ,a month ago1 and it seemed

 that ,austria had outgeneraled         
,prussia1 and made herself absolute     
mistress of ,germany1 and was in a fair 
way to become ruler from the ,rhine to  
the ,alps4 ,the petty states of ,germany
 were in alarm2 the kingdoms of the     
second rank began to see themselves in  
danger1 and to talk of a central power1 
from which the constitutional element   
was not altogether excluded4 ,it is now 
said that the ,king of ,prussia is again
 ambitious of playing the first part on 
the ,german stage1 and has refused to   
sanction the concessions made by his    
minister4 ,it seems probable that       
,germany will fall back upon the old    
,frankfort ,confederation4 ,in the mean 
time1 we present the following1 as what 
seems to us the condition and designs of
 the principal parties2 premising that  
the very next intelligence may present  
them under an altogether new            
aspect3--,austria wishes to enter the   
,germanic ,confederation with all her   
vast and heterogeneous population2 thus 

binding all ,germany to assist her1 in  
the event of any new ,hungarian or      
,italian outbreak4 ,she also wishes to  
secure the ,federal ,executive4 ,if she 
succeeds in these projects1 the weight  
of her foreign possessions gives her the
 preponderance in ,germany1 while       
,germany secures to her the control of  
her foreign territories4 ,the interests 
of the people and princes of ,germany   
for once coincide in opposing this      
claim4 ,the vacillating policy of       
,prussia has arisen from doubt1 whether 
more could be made out of ,austria by   
putting herself at the head of the      
,german ,states1 or out of these        
,states1 by joining with ,austria4 ,the 
ultimate decision of this question is   
more likely to be effected by accident  
than by settled policy4   ,,italy4  ,the
 feelings of uneasiness1 and vague      
apprehension of insurrection throughout 
the ,italian ,peninsula are nowise      
abated4 ,austrian troops are            
concentrating within her ,italian       

territories4 ,the railroad across the   
,milan ,alps1 from ,cilly to ,trieste1  
is advancing with great rapidity4 ,the  
completion of this road will enable     
,austrian troops to be sent from ,vienna
 to ,milan in twenty-four hours4  ,the  
,austrian ,government has issued an     
ordonnance directing that in those parts
 of ,italy which are still considered in
 a state of siege1 no journal shall     
mention in any way1 directly or         
indirectly1 the titles of the prohibited
 revolutionary books and pamphlets which
 are in circulation among the people4   
,radetzky has issued a proclamation1    
under date of ,feb4 #ba1 from ,verona1  
directed against revolutionary          
proclamations and pamphlets1 threatening
 death against all who are engaged in   
circulating them4 ,every one into whose 
hands such a pamphlet may fall is       
directed to deliver it to the nearest   
person in office1 though but a gendarme1
 and at the same time to declare how it 
came into his possession2 the punishment

 for failure to do this is imprisonment 
in irons for a period of from one to    
five years4  ,washington's ,birthday was
 celebrated at ,rome with great         
enthusiasm4 ,at a public dinner1 ,mr4   
,cass1 our ,charg1 presided and made a  
speech4 ,two odes1 by ,mrs4 ,stephens1  
were sung4 ,among the guests were       
,archbishop ,hughes1 and ,mr4 ,hastings1
 the ,american ,protestant ,chaplain4   
,the report that the ,american          
,protestant chapel at ,rome had been    
closed is authoritatively contradicted  
by ,mr4 ,hastings1 who speaks in terms  
of high praise of the liberality which  
has been manifested toward him by the   
papal authorities4     ,,literature1    
,,science1 ,,art1 ,,personal            
,,movements1 ,,etc4   ,,united ,,states4
  ,the ,exhibition of the ,national     
,academy of ,design is now open4 ,it is 
universally admitted that the paintings 
surpass those of any previous year ,the 
opening of the ,exhibition was          
celebrated1 according to custom1 by a   

dinner1 attended by artists1 amateurs1  
and men of letters4 ,admirable speeches 
were made by ,rev4 ,doctors ,,bellows   
and ,,bethune1 who1 though pole-wide    
apart in the sphere of theology1        
spanning the distance between ,arius and
 ,calvin1 find common grounds of        
sympathy in their love for1 and         
appreciation of ,art4 ,mr4 ,,durand1 the
 ,president1 in a very felicitous       
speech1 narrated his experience as an   
artist and as one of the founders of the
 ,academy4  ,mr4 ,,greenough1 at        
,florence1 has nearly completed his     
group of the ,pioneer1 for the ,capitol 
at ,washington4 ,it represents a        
backwoodsman rescuing his wife and child
 from an ,indian who is in the act of   
smothering them in the folds of his     
blanket4 ,the action of the group       
symbolizes the one unvarying story of   
the contest between civilized and       
uncivilized man4 ,the pioneer1 standing 
almost erect1 in the pride of conscious 
superiority1 has dashed upon one knee   

the ,indian1 whose relaxed form1 and    
cowering face upturned despairingly1    
express premonitions of the inevitable  
doom awaiting him1 against which all his
 efforts would be unavailing4 ,the heavy
 brow1 compressed lip1 and firm chin of 
the white man announce him one of a race
 born to conquer and rule1 not so much  
by mere physical strength as by         
undaunted courage and indomitable will4 
,those who have seen the group pronounce
 it to be a sublime conception grandly  
executed4  ,a portrait of ,mr4 ,calhoun1
 painted at ,paris by ,mr4 ,,healey for 
the ,common ,council of ,charleston1 was
 exhibited at the ,exposition in ,paris1
 where it was pronounced one of the best
 portraits of the season4 ,the size is  
seven feet ten inches1 by four feet     
seven4 ,the sum paid for it is one      
thousand dollars4 ,we believe it has    
been forwarded to ,charleston4  ,among  
the pictures by our artists1 completed  
or in progress1 we notice one by ,mr4   
,,wright1 representing the well-known   

story of ,washington and the damaged    
cherry-tree1 which is executed with     
decided cleverness4--,mr4 ,,duggan is   
engaged upon a ,david and ,goliath1 one 
of those massy subjects affording ample 
scope for the bent of the artist's      
genius4--,mr4 ,,stearns has upon his    
easel a painting of the ,interview      
between ,tecumseh and ,general          
,harrison1 at ,vincennes1 in #ahaa4 ,by 
some oversight no seat had been provided
 for the ,indian chief4 ,the            
unintentional discourtesy was corrected 
by ,general ,harrison1 with the words1  
,warrior1 your father1 ,general         
,harrison1 offers you a seat4 ,tecumseh 
drew up his stately form to its full    
height1 and raising his hand to heaven1 
exclaimed proudly1 ,my father6 ,the     
,great ,spirit is my father1 and the    
,earth my mother2 she feeds me and      
clothes me1 and ,i recline upon her     
bosom6--,mr4 ,t4 ,a4 ,,richards has     
recently completed a painting which     
might appropriately enough be named     

,recollections of ,lake ,winnipiseogee1 
portraying rather the general           
characteristics of that lake1 than      
depicting the particular features of any
 one portion4 ,the scene is an autumn   
morning1 with the sun bursting forth    
from the train of a passing shower which
 has sprinkled diamonds over foliage and
 flower4  ,,jenny ,,lind is verging ,new
 ,york-ward4 ,her next concert here is  
announced for ,may #ab4 ,the ,new ,york 
firemen have procured a testimonial to  
be presented to her in acknowledgment of
 her munificent donation of #cjjj to the
 funds of the ,department4 ,it consists 
of a complete copy of ,audubon's ,birds 
and ,quadrupeds of ,america1 in a       
beautiful case2 and a gold box1         
appropriately ornamented1 containing a  
copy of their vote of thanks to her4    
,the following ratherish pretty and     
altogether ,german lines were           
contributed by her to the album of a    
gentleman in ,washington2      ,in vain 
,i seek for rest       ,in all created  

good4     ,it leaves me still unblest1  
,and makes me cry for ,god4     ,and    
sure1 at rest ,i can not be     ,until  
my heart finds rest in thee4  ,the      
renowned ,,tupper is undergoing the     
process of lionization4 ,he has         
introduced a new feature into his       
representation of the part1 by the      
recitation in public of his own verses4 
,he has produced for the ,great ,london 
,exhibition a ,hymn for all ,nations1   
which is to be translated into thirty   
different languages1 set to music1 and  
printed4 ,this polyglott will be a      
philological curiosity1 if no more4     
,mr4 ,,cralle1 the intimate friend and  
confidential secretary of ,mr4          
,,calhoun1 is engaged in preparing for  
publication the ,works of the great     
southern statesman1 to be accompanied by
 a ,biography4 ,the whole will be       
comprised1 probably1 in six octavo      
volumes4 ,the first volume1 which is now
 printed1 and will soon be ready for    
publication1 is occupied by an elaborate

 disquisition on ,government1 and a     
,discourse on the ,constitution and     
,government of the ,united ,states4     
,these treatises have always been spoken
 of as the great work of ,mr4 ,calhoun's
 life1 setting forth in a systematic    
manner his views upon the philosophy of 
civil government4 ,the treatises were   
commenced many years since1 but never   
received the final revision and         
correction which the author intended to 
bestow upon them4  ,the ,complete ,works
 of ,,alexander ,,hamilton are now in   
course of publication by ,c4 ,s4        
,francis  ,co4 ,they are mainly printed 
from the manuscripts purchased by       
,congress1 under the direction of the   
,library ,committee4 ,the collection    
will extend to seven octavo volumes4    
,it has long been suspected that colors 
were depicted on ,daguerreotype plates1 
if they could only be developed4 ,mr4   
,,hill1 of this ,state1 announces that  
he has succeeded in producing pictures  
in which every tint and shade is        

accurately represented4 ,we are assured 
by one of our most eminent operators1   
one of the very few who have seen the   
pictures1 that there is no doubt of the 
fact4 ,the inventor as yet keeps his    
process a secret1 though we understand  
that he is preparing a memoir in        
relation to it4  ,,bayard ,,taylor',s   
,el-,dorado has been translated into    
,german by ,c4 ,hartman1 author of a    
,geographical and ,historical           
,description of ,california4  ,mr4      
,,samuel ,,maverick1 of ,pendleton1 ,s4 
,c41 who is still living1 assisted in   
packing the first bale of cotton ever   
sent from the ,united ,states to        
,liverpool4 ,it was sent in the seed1   
and the consignee informed his ,south   
,carolina correspondent that the article
 was useless1 could not be sold1 and    
advised him to send no more4  ,dr4      
,,goadby1 who has recently delivered in 
this city a very interesting course of  
lectures upon insects1 has a most       
valuable series of dissections1 prepared

 at a cost of labor which would seem    
almost incredible4 ,the anatomy of a    
caterpillar1 comprising three distinct  
preparations--its nervous system1 its   
organs of respiration1 and its organs of
 nutrition--occupied the undivided labor
 of thirteen weeks1 at the rate of      
fourteen hours a day4  ,gen4            
,,henderson1 who was on trial at ,new   
,orleans on the charge of being         
implicated in the ,cuban invasion1 has  
been discharged1 the jury being unable  
to agree4 ,the ,district ,attorney      
therefore entered a nolle prosequi in   
the case of ,governor ,quitman and all  
others under indictment4   ,,european4  
,the new ,leipzig ,deutsches ,museum    
7,westermann ,brothers1 ,new ,york17    
promises to meet the want which we have 
for some time found it impossible to    
supply1 of a ,german literary ,magazine4
 ,in the recent revolutionary storms    
this class of periodicals generally went
 down1 so that for information as to the
 working of the ,german mind we have    

been forced to rely upon chance notices 
in the political journals1 or trust to  
foreign sources4 ,it is published       
semi-monthly4 ,its cost in ,leipzig is  
#ab ,thalers2 and is furnished here for 
the same number of dollars4  ,under the 
title of ,causeries du ,lundi ,m4 ,st4  
,beauve has just put forth a volume of  
sketches of contemporary ,french        
authors1 which almost forces us to envy 
the happy land blessed with such a      
number of men1 the worst of whom exceeds
 our ideas of any attainable height of  
perfection4 ,a word or two of criticism 
is awarded to ,lamartine1 but too bland 
to wound even the vanity of the gentle  
,alphonse4 ,but ,girardin and           
,villemain1 ,cousin and ,george ,sand1  
,thiers and ,montalembert receive a most
 unqualified apotheosis4 ,the title of  
,monday ,chat simply indicates that the 
book is made up of articles which       
appeared on ,mondays in the             
,constitutionnel newspaper4  ,pictures  
by the ,old ,masters1 as all the world  

knows1 are manufactured as readily1 and 
almost as extensively1 as calico4 ,it is
 not1 however1 so well known that old   
and rare editions of books are produced 
nowadays4 ,the passion of               
book-collectors has given a new impulse 
to this business4 ,within a few months  
the beautiful editions of the classics  
of the ,elzevirs and the ,stephens have 
been reproduced with wonderful skill4   
,in paper1 type1 ink1 and binding there 
is no perceptible difference2 while the 
precise air of antiquity desired is     
produced by chemical means4  ,m4        
,feuillet de ,conches1 a ,parisian      
virtuoso1 and great admirer of ,la      
,fontaine1 has spent a vast sum in      
having printed for his own sole use a   
single copy of the works of the famous  
fabulist4 ,it is illustrated in the most
 gorgeous style1 by the first artists of
 the day2 and is accompanied with notes 
and prefaces by the most eminent        
writers1 and is a very miracle of       
expensive typography and binding4       

,victor ,hugo has published nothing for 
some years1 having been paid by a       
publisher not to print4 ,report says    
that he will1 at the close of his term1 
which soon expires1 make amends for his 
long silence by issuing poems to the    
amount of three volumes1 and romances to
 that of twelve4  ,a work by ,origen1   
the celebrated ,father in the ,church1  
hitherto unknown1 has been discovered   
and published by the librarian of the   
,national ,assembly--so ,m4 ,villemain  
announced at a recent meeting of the    
,acadmie des ,belles ,lettres at ,paris4
 ,the work traces the heresies of the   
third century to the writings of the    
,pagan ,philosophers1 and throws new    
light upon ancient manners1 literature1 
and philosophy4  ,in the album presented
 to the ,king of ,bavaria by the artists
 of ,mnich1 is an admirable composition 
by ,hbner4 ,it is an expression of the  
feelings of a large portion of ,upper   
,germany4 ,it represents a female       
prostrate upon the ground1 with the arms

 crossed1 the face entirely hidden1 in  
an attitude of the deepest despair4 ,the
 long hair floats over the arms1 and    
trails along the ground4 ,the whole     
figure is a mixture of majesty and utter
 abandonment4 ,the simple title of the  
piece is--,germania1 #ahej4  ,yeast3 a  
,problem1 is the ,sartor-,resartorish   
title of a collection of papers         
reprinted from ,fraser's ,magazine1     
where they have excited no little       
attention4 ,it purports to be a sample  
of what is fermenting in the minds of   
large classes of young men of the       
present day1 and leavening the whole    
mass of society4 ,though published      
anonymously1 it is known to be written  
by the author of ,alton ,locke1 and     
partakes largely of the merits and      
defects of that remarkable work4 ,it is 
to be republished by the ,harpers4  ,in 
,,walter ,,savage ,,landor the material 
for an admirable newspaper writer has   
been thrown away4 ,witness the following
 double-handed hitting in a letter to   

,lord ,duncan1 who lately won a victory 
over the ,ministers1 444 ,a quarrel     
about hats1 caps1 and stockings1 and the
 titles they confer1 is too ridiculous4 
,is a hunchback to be treated with      
gravity1 with severity1 because an      
ignorant rabble calls him my lord4 ,if  
,i chose to call myself ,lord ,duncan1  
,i should only be laughed at4 ,people   
would stare2 some would ask1 ',is this  
the great ,lord ,duncan who won the     
,battle of ,camperdown8' ,others would  
answer1 ',no2 nor is it he who won as   
great a one in ,westminster the other   
day4 ,he is an impostor3 haul him out2  
but don't hurt him3' ,i have the honor  
to be1 etc4  ,dahomey and the ,dahomans1
 by ,frederick ,e4 ,forbes1 gives an    
interesting account1 drawn from personal
 observation1 made during the last two  
years1 of the manners and customs of    
this savage people4 ,among the most     
revolting is the ,ek-que-noo-ah-toh-meh 
or ,throwing of ,presents1 in which the 
king occupies himself for many hours in 

throwing gifts from a raised platform1  
to the people below4 ,the last of these 
gifts consists of a number of live      
prisoners1 who have been exhibited bound
 upon the platform2 they are flung down 
to be cut and torn in pieces by the     
savages4 ,on the occasion when the      
author was present there were fourteen  
of these victims1 of whom he succeeded  
in saving the lives of three4 ,the      
object of the expedition was to induce  
the king to abandon the slave-trade1 and
 was altogether unsuccessful4  ,the     
,dynamical ,theory of the ,formation of 
the ,earth1 two mighty octavo volumes1  
elicits the following complimentary     
remarks from the ,athenum4 ,this work is
 saved from being mischievous only by   
the circumstance of the excessive       
dullness diffused over these twelve     
hundred pages--which will in all        
probability prevent their being much    
read4444 ,of no one department of       
science does the author appear to have a
 correct conception4 ,his views are all 

distorted4 ,he is false alike in his    
,mechanics1 in his ,geology1 in his     
,natural ,history1 in his ,chemistry1 in
 his ,electricity--in every other       
consideration of the physical agencies1 
and still more false in that which we   
suppose we must bring ourselves to call 
his ,logic4  ,memoirs of a ,literary    
,veteran1 by ,r4 ,p4 ,gillies is a book 
almost worth reading1 quite worth       
looking at4 ,the author1 nephew to the  
celebrated historian of ,greece1 born to
 a fair estate1 and with a propensity to
 make verses1 spent the one without     
turning the other to any special        
account4 ,amidst much idle matter1 whose
 only purpose is to swell the bulk of   
the volumes1 are some rather interesting
 anecdotes of literary celebrities4     
,some over-laudatory epistles from ,sir 
,egerton ,brydges1 and a characteristic 
letter or two from ,wordsworth1         
containing among other matters1 a       
criticism upon ,scott's ,guy ,mannering1
 in which considerable praise is awarded

 to the management of this lady1 as he  
solemnly denominates ,meg ,merrilies1   
are perhaps the best things in the book4
 ,it reminds one1 but at a wide         
interval1 of ,leigh ,hunt's             
,autobiography4  ,a ,life of ,hartley   
,coleridge prefixed to a volume of his  
poems1 tells a sad story of powers      
neutralized and a life thrown away4 ,he 
was the eldest son of the ,coleridge1   
and with a portion of his father's      
genius combined a large share of his    
infirmity of purpose and feebleness of  
will4 ,he gained a college fellowship1  
and forfeited it within a year1 by      
intemperance2 after which he maintained 
himself by his pen4 ,the ,life is by his
 brother1 ,derwent ,coleridge4 ,the     
,poems are of decided merit4 ,they are  
to be followed by a collection of his   
prose writings4   ,,obituaries4  ,,isaac
 ,,hill1 formerly ,governor of ,new     
,hampshire1 and ,senator in ,congress1  
died at ,washington1 ,march #bb;d1 aged 
about #fc4 ,he was born at ,charlestown1

 ,n4 ,h41 the son of a farmer1 and at an
 early age learned the trade of a       
printer4 ,he established the first      
,democratic paper at ,concord4 ,to his  
able conduct is in a great measure to be
 ascribed the ascendency which his party
 acquired in the ,state1 about the year 
#ahbh4 ,though possessing few of the    
external qualifications for a popular   
leader1 being feeble in person1 and     
altogether destitute of oratorical      
power1 his unrivaled tact and untiring  
industry gave him an uncontrolled       
influence in the ,state4 ,he was chosen 
,state ,senator2 and subsequently       
,united ,states ,senator1 which office  
he held from #ahca to #ahcf1 when he    
resigned1 in consequence of having been 
elected ,governor of ,new ,hampshire4   
,he filled the executive chair for two  
or three terms1 and then retired to     
private life4 ,in #ahdj he was appointed
 ,sub-,treasurer at ,boston2 but the    
repeal of the ,sub-,treasury ,act the   
following year vacated his office4 ,he  

then returned to ,new ,hampshire2 but   
his star had waned4 ,he disagreed with  
his party on the subject of corporations
 and other radical questions1 lost his  
political influence1 and fell into      
comparative insignificance1 as a        
politician1 though he always adhered to 
his party4 ,for a number of years he    
edited an agricultural paper of         
considerable merit4 ,he suffered much   
from impaired health during the last    
years of his life2 and died in moderate 
pecuniary circumstances4  ,,mordecai    
,,manasseh ,,noah1 long known as an able
 editor and active politician1 died in  
,new ,york1 ,march #bh4 ,he was born at 
,philadelphia1 ,july #ai1 #aghd1 and has
 thus attained to within three years of 
three score and ten4 ,he was apprenticed
 to a carver and gilder2 but early      
abandoned that trade and devoted himself
 to literature and politics4 ,he removed
 to ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c41 in the early  
part of the present century1 where he   
took an active and influential part in  

public affairs4 ,having declined the    
offer of the consulship at ,riga1 he was
 appointed1 in #ahac1 consul at ,tunis1 
and was charged with a mission to       
,algiers4 ,this latter he accomplished1 
after some adventures1 and repaired to  
,tunis4 ,at the expiration of ten months
 he was recalled1 under charge1 we      
believe1 of some pecuniary defalcations4
 ,upon his return to this country1 he   
became connected with the political     
press4 ,in #ahbb1 he was elected        
,sheriff of the ,city and ,county of    
,new ,york1 which office he held but a  
single year4 ,in #ahbi1 he was appointed
 ,commissioner of the ,supreme ,court of
 the ,united ,states1 and ,surveyor of  
the port of ,new ,york4 ,in the mean    
while1 he had formed the project of     
collecting his brethren the ,jews1 and  
rebuilding the city of ,jerusalem4 ,he  
issued a singular proclamation1         
appointing ,grand ,island1 near ,niagara
 ,falls1 as the place of rendezvous1 and
 summoned the scattered tribes to       

transmit their contributions4 ,we have  
no means of knowing how far he was in   
earnest in this scheme4 ,at all events1 
it came to nothing4 ,in #ahdj1 he was   
elected ,judge of the ,court of ,general
 ,sessions1 which he held till the law  
constituting the court was changed4 ,mr4
 ,noah was1 however1 more known as an   
editor than as a politician4 ,though    
without any very lofty aims1 or high    
qualifications1 he was an agreeable and 
sprightly paragraphist1 possessed of an 
unfailing good-humor1 and a large fund  
of general information4 ,he was         
connected successively with a number of 
papers1 and at the time of his death was
 editor of a ,sunday paper1 ,the        
,messenger and ,times4 ,he also         
published at different times a number of
 works of a miscellaneous character1    
chiefly essays and plays1 some of which 
met with great success at the time of   
publication2 but none of them possessed 
sufficient vitality to take a permanent 
place in the literature of the country4 

,his death was the consequence of a     
paralytic stroke4 ,he lived and died a  
believer in the faith of his fathers1   
the ,hebrew religion2 and was buried    
with the solemn ceremonies practiced by 
the ancient chosen people4 ,he was of a 
most generous and genial nature1 and    
enjoyed the warmest good-will of all    
with whom he was brought into personal  
relations4  ,,george ,m4 ,,brooke1      
,brevet ,major-,general in the ,united  
,states army1 died at ,san ,antonio1    
,texas1 on the #aith of ,march4 ,he was 
a native of ,virginia1 and entered the  
army in #ahjh4 ,he was brevetted        
,lieutenant-,colonel in #ahad1 for      
gallant conduct in the defense of ,fort 
,erie4 ,a month later he received the   
rank of ,brevet ,colonel1 for           
distinguished and meritorious services  
in the sortie from ,fort ,erie4 ,in     
#ahbd1 he was made ,brevet              
,brigadier-,general for ten years'      
faithful service as ,colonel4 ,in #ahdh1
 he was brevetted as ,major-,general for

 meritorious conduct1 particularly in   
the performance of his duties in the    
prosecution of the war with ,mexico4    
,,alexander ,s4 ,,wadsworth1 ,commodore 
in the ,united ,states ,navy1 died at   
,washington1 ,april #i1 in the #fast    
year of his age4 ,he was a native of    
,maine4 ,he entered the service in      
#ahjd1 and for many years served with   
distinction4 ,his commission of         
post-captain1 bears date from #ahbe4    
,his name stood the seventh on the naval
 list4 ,severe and protracted illness   
had for many years disabled him from    
active duty4  ,,samuel ,,farmar         
,,jarvis1 ,d4,d41 died at ,middletown1  
,conn41 ,march #bfth4 ,he was born in   
,january1 #aghg4 ,he had the reputation 
of being one of the ripest scholars in  
the ,episcopal ,church1 and was a member
 of the principal literary and          
historical societies in this country4   
,his extensive acquirements1 and        
fondness for accurate investigation     
procured for him the appointment of     

,historigrapher of the ,church1 which   
was conferred upon him in #ahch1 with a 
view to his preparing a faithful        
,ecclesiastical ,history1 reaching from 
the ,apostles' time1 to the formation of
 the ,protestant ,episcopal ,church in  
the ,united ,states4 ,the first volume1 
forming a ,chronological ,introduction1 
was published in #ahde4 ,it is          
understood that a continuation of the   
work was nearly ready for press at the  
time of his death4  ,,john ,s4          
,,skinner1 ,editor of the ,plough1 the  
,loom1 and the ,anvil1 and well known   
for his agricultural writings1 died at  
,baltimore1 ,march #ba1 aged about #gj  
years4 ,he was universally esteemed for 
his social qualities1 unassuming        
demeanor1 and generous impulses4 ,his   
death was occasioned by a fall into the 
basement in the ,post ,office at        
,baltimore4     ,literary ,notices      
,ticknor1 ,reed1 and ,fields have issued
 ,the ,house of the ,seven ,gables1 a   
,romance1 by ,,nathaniel ,,hawthorne1   

which is strongly marked with the bold  
and unique characteristics that have    
given its author such a brilliant       
position among ,american novelists4 ,the
 scene1 which is laid in the old        
,puritanic town of ,salem1 extends from 
the period of the witchcraft excitement 
to the present time1 connecting the     
legends of the ancient superstition with
 the recent marvels of animal magnetism1
 and affording full scope for the       
indulgence of the most weird and sombre 
fancies4 ,destitute of the high-wrought 
manifestations of passion which         
distinguished the ,scarlet ,letter1 it  
is more terrific in its conception1 and 
not less intense in its execution1 but  
exquisitely relieved by charming        
portraitures of character1 and quaint   
and comic descriptions of social        
eccentricities4 ,a deep vein of         
reflection underlies the whole          
narrative1 often rising naturally to the
 surface1 and revealing the strength of 
the foundation on which the subtle1     

aerial inventions of the author are     
erected4 ,his frequent dashes of humor  
gracefully blend with the monotone of   
the story1 and soften the harsher colors
 in which he delights to clothe his     
portentous conceptions4 ,in no former   
production of his pen1 are his          
unrivalled powers of description        
displayed to better advantage4 ,the     
rusty wooden house in ,pyncheon-street1 
with its seven sharp-pointed gables1 and
 its huge clustered chimney--the old elm
 tree before the door--the grassy yard  
seen through the lattice-fence1 with its
 enormous fertility of burdocks--and the
 green moss on the slopes of the roof1  
with the flowers growing aloft in the   
air in the nook between two of the      
gables--present a picture to the eye as 
distinct as if our childhood had been   
passed in the shadow of the old         
weather-beaten edifice4 ,nor are the    
characters of the story drawn with less 
sharp and vigorous perspective4 ,they   
stand out from the canvas as living     

realities4 ,in spite of the supernatural
 drapery in which they are enveloped1   
they have such a genuine expression of  
flesh and blood1 that we can not doubt  
we have known them all our days4 ,they  
have the air of old acquaintance--only  
we wonder how the artist got them to sit
 for their likenesses4 ,the grouping of 
these persons is managed with admirable 
artistic skill4 ,old ,maid ,pyncheon1   
concealing under her verjuice scowl the 
unutterable tenderness of a sister--her 
woman-hearted brother1 on whose         
sensitive nature had fallen such a      
strange blight--sweet and beautiful     
,phebe1 the noble village-maiden1 whose 
presence is always like that of some    
shining angel--the dreamy1 romantic     
descendant of the legendary wizard--the 
bold1 bad man of the world1 reproduced  
at intervals in the bloody ,colonel1 and
 the unscrupulous ,judge--wise old      
,uncle ,venner--and inappeasable ,ned   
,higgins--are all made to occupy the    
place on the canvas which shows the     

lights and shades of their character in 
the most impressive contrast1 and       
contributes to the wonderful vividness  
and harmony of the grand historical     
picture4 ,on the whole1 we regard ,the  
,house of the ,seven ,gables1 though it 
exhibits no single scenes that may not  
be matched in depth and pathos by some  
of ,mr4 ,hawthorne's previous creations1
 as unsurpassed by any thing he has yet 
written1 in exquisite beauty of finish1 
in the skillful blending of the tragic  
and comic1 and in the singular life-like
 reality with which the wildest         
traditions of the ,puritanic age are    
combined with the every-day incidents of
 modern society4  ,harper and ,brothers 
have published a translation of         
,buttmann's ,greek ,grammar1 by         
,professor ,,edward ,,robinson1 from the
 eighteenth ,german edition1 containing 
additions and improvements by           
,,alexander ,,buttmann1 the son of the  
original author4 ,since the publication 
of the thirteenth edition in #ahbi1     

which was the last that the author lived
 to complete1 gradual changes have been 
introduced into the ,grammar1 especially
 in the department of syntax1 which has 
been expanded and re-written1 with the  
aid of the extensive investigations of  
the last twenty years4 ,the translation 
bears the same impress of diligence1    
accuracy1 and philological tact1 which  
is never looked for in vain in the      
productions of the indefatigable and    
distinguished author4  ,ecclesiastical  
,manual1 by ,,luther ,,lee 7published at
 the ,wesleyan ,methodist ,book ,room71 
is a brief treatise on the nature of    
,church ,government1 defending the right
 of visible church organization against 
prevailing latitudinarian and           
transcendental views on the one hand1   
and maintaining liberal principles of   
polity against the high claims of       
,episcopacy and the assumptions of the  
clergy on the other4 ,the argument is   
conducted with candor and moderation1   
though not without spirit1 and may be   

studied to advantage by all who would   
understand the points at issue4         
,william ,penn1 ,an ,historical         
,biography1 by ,,william ,,hepworth     
,,dixon 7published by ,blanchard and    
,lea71 is a new and complete life of the
 founder of ,pennsylvania1 derived from 
contemporary papers that have been      
brought to light within a recent period1
 and from original and unpublished      
documents4 ,the view given by the       
author1 of the religious system of ,fox 
and ,penn1 as coinciding with the       
principles of republican freedom1 is a  
reproduction of the admirable exhibition
 of ,quakerism presented by ,bancroft in
 his ,history of the ,united ,states4   
,in the ,appendix1 the charges against  
,william ,penn by ,macaulay are         
submitted to a rigid examination2 the   
evidence on the subject is skillfully   
and thoroughly sifted2 and the strongest
 case made out for the accused against  
the insinuations of the ingenious and   
eloquent historian4 ,with his warm      

sympathies in favor of the subject of   
his narrative1 and the familiar         
knowledge of his career gained by the   
researches of several years1 ,mr4 ,dixon
 has produced a genial and instructive  
piece of biography1 sustaining the      
claims of the illustrious ,quaker to the
 noble and elevated rank in which he has
 been placed by the general voice of    
tradition4  ,physico-,physiological     
,researches on the ,dynamics of         
,magnetism1 c41 by ,baron ,,charles     
,,von ,,reichenbach1 translated from the
 ,german1 by ,,john ,,ashburner1 ,m4,d41
 is a scientific treatise1 showing the  
relations of magnetism1 electricity1    
heat1 light1 crystallization1 and       
chemism to the vital forces of the human
 body4 ,it is founded on an extensive   
series of experiments1 which tend to    
bring the mysterious phenomena of       
,mesmerism within the domain of physics1
 and in fact to reduce the whole subject
 of physiology to a department of       
chemical science4 ,the papers1 of which 

it is composed1 were originally intended
 as contributions to the ,annals of     
,chemistry1 conducted by the celebrated 
,professor ,liebig1 in which periodical 
they appeared in the year #ahde4 ,in the
 present collected form1 they have      
received some necessary corrections1 but
 their spirit and substance are         
presented without alteration4 ,the      
investigations1 of which the results are
 here described1 are of a singularly    
curious character1 exhibiting the most  
astonishing developments1 with a        
philosophical calmness that is rare even
 among ,german savants4  ,the ,rangers2 
or1 ,the ,tory's ,daughter1 is the title
 of a novel illustrative of the         
revolutionary history of ,vermont1 by   
the author of ,the ,green ,mountain     
,boys1 published by ,b4 ,b4 ,mussy and  
,co41 ,boston4 ,it gives many agreeable 
descriptions of ,vermont scenery1 with  
sketches of its social life during the  
war of the ,revolution1 and shows       
considerable skill in combining the     

prominent historical facts of that day  
with the fictitious incidents of a      
lively and exciting plot4  ,the ,ballads
 and ,songs of ,,william ,,pembroke     
,,mulchinoch 7published by ,t4 ,w4      
,strong71 is a collection of fugitive   
poetry1 inspired with the genuine       
breathings of ,irish patriotism1        
frequently displaying great facility and
 sweetness of versification1 and        
pervaded throughout with a winning      
sentiment of tenderness and human       
sympathy4  ,harper and ,brothers have   
published a neat volume1 entitled       
,nature and ,blessedness of ,christian  
,purity1 by ,rev4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,foster1 with
 an ,introduction by ,,edmund ,s4       
,,janes1 ,d4,d41 one of the ,bishops of 
the ,methodist ,episcopal ,church4      
,without aiming at any rivalry with     
other writers on the subject1 the author
 devotes his work to the maintenance of 
the views which are set forth by the    
standard ,wesleyan authorities4         
,avoiding all considerations of a purely

 speculative character1 he presents the 
practical aspects of his theme1 with    
discrimination1 earnestness1 and force4 
,his style1 which is always animated and
 effective1 betrays the influence of    
profound and accurate thought1 and is   
equally adapted to make a favorable     
impression on the understanding and on  
the heart of the attentive reader4 ,the 
well-written ,preface by ,bishop ,janes1
 gives a lucid summary of the contents  
of the volume1 with a warm commendation 
of the manner in which it is executed4  
,lyra ,catholica 7published by ,e4      
,dunigan and ,brother71 is a collection 
of the ,hymns of the ,roman ,breviary   
and ,missal1 with others adapted for    
every day in the week1 and the          
,festivals and ,saints' ,days throughout
 the year4 ,the translation of the      
,breviary1 by ,mr4 ,caswell1 is adopted 
without change1 and forms the first part
 of the present work1 while the second  
part consists of hymns and anthems from 
various sources1 especially from the    

contributions of ,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,faber1  
,matthew ,brydges1 ,esq41 and ,rev4     
,william ,young4 ,the third part is     
devoted to sacred poetry of a less      
strictly devotional cast4 ,in addition  
to a few pieces from modern poets1 it   
contains a selection from the           
compositions of ,catholic writers       
belonging to an earlier age of ,english 
literature1 including the simple and    
earnest strains of ,southwell1 a poet1  
priest1 and martyr1 whose unshaken soul 
passed away in song from the fires of   
persecution2 ,crashaw1 whose tender     
fancy and graceful zeal have extorted   
the highest praises of unfriendly       
judges2 the manly virtue of ,habington1 
pure in an age of license2 the later    
compositions of ,dryden1 the atonements 
laid by his repentant muse on the altar 
of religion4  ,the ,soldier of the      
,cross1 by the ,rev4 ,,john ,,leyburn1  
,d4,d4 7published by ,carter and        
,brothers71 is a popular and attractive 
exposition of ,ephesians vi4 #aj-ah1    

consisting of a series of discourses    
delivered from the pulpit1 but recast   
into the form of plain and practical    
essays1 written with considerable force4
 ,the talents of the author and the     
taste of the publishers have made an    
addition to our religious literature1 of
 which the public estimation is         
indicated by the early call for a second
 edition4  ,the ,irish ,confederates1   
and the ,rebellion of #agih1 by ,,henry 
,m4 ,,field 7published by ,harper and   
,brothers71 is a lively historical      
sketch of the movements of the ,irish   
patriots in behalf of the freedom of    
their nation toward the close of the    
last century4 ,the volume opens with a  
rapid survey of ,irish history1 traces  
the love of liberty among the people1   
describes the causes of their national  
characteristics1 and minutely portrays  
the events of the fruitless struggle1   
which terminated in the complete        
subjection of their beautiful island to 
the ,british crown4 ,among the          

biographical sketches1 those of ,curran1
 ,tone1 ,lord ,edward ,fitzgerald1 the  
,emmets1 ,mc,nevin1 and ,sampson of     
course occupy a prominent place1 and are
 drawn with an affectionate sympathy1   
which delights to linger around every   
memorial of their noble and chivalrous  
characters4 ,mr4 ,field has enjoyed     
peculiar facilities for the composition 
of this volume4 ,a visit to ,ireland    
some four years since awakened a strong 
interest in the fortunes of her people4 
,at a subsequent period1 he formed an   
intimate acquaintance with several of   
the families of the ,irish exiles in    
,new ,york1 and from the narratives thus
 obtained1 was furnished with some of   
the most valuable materials for his     
story4 ,nor has he neglected the study  
of the different historians of the time4
 ,his work1 accordingly1 combines the   
vivacity of a personal narrative1 with  
the accuracy of thorough research4 ,it  
is deeply imbued with a love of         
,ireland1 with a sense of indignation at

 the outrages which she has endured1 and
 with admiration of the valor and       
devotion of her gallant sons2 though in 
no case1 do the evident partialities of 
the writer appear to have interfered    
with his strict historical fidelity1 or 
to have tempted him to an uncritical use
 of the facts at his command4 ,his style
 is simple and unaffected1 warmed with a
 persuasive earnestness1 and animated   
with a chaste enthusiasm1 but owing none
 of its interest to the allurements of  
rhetoric4 ,indeed1 a more elaborate     
construction would often have been in   
better keeping with the dignity of the  
subject1 while the almost exclusive use 
of short sentences at length overcomes  
the reader with a painful feeling of    
monotony4 ,there are also occasional    
instances of careless and unauthorized  
expression1 which1 in a writer of such  
real ability and cultivation as ,mr4    
,field1 excite the surprise of the      
fastidious reader4  ,harper and         
,brothers have issued an edition of the 

,history of ,greece1 by ,dr4 ,,leonhard 
,,schmitz1 which forms an appropriate   
companion to the ,history of ,rome1     
published by the accomplished author    
four years since4 ,the purpose of ,dr4  
,schmitz in each of these ,histories is 
to give1 in a popular form1 the result  
of the researches by modern scholars    
which have placed the subject in a new  
light4 ,in the composition of this      
volume1 the author has availed himself  
of the erudite labors of ,bishop        
,thirlwall1 abridging his great work in 
some portions1 and interweaving his     
masterly views into the texture of his  
narrative1 where a free style was more  
suitable to the subject4 ,as a manual   
for young students in ,grecian history1 
and a work for general and family       
reading1 this volume is not surpassed by
 any production of the present day4 ,the
 experience of the author as a practical
 educator1 his admirable classical      
attainments1 and the caution and        
soundness of his historical judgments1  

give him peculiar qualifications for the
 task he has undertaken4 ,his style is  
simple and condensed2 his illustrations 
are singularly apposite2 and his        
grouping of topics is picturesque and   
forcible4 ,for popular use1 we have no  
doubt1 that both the ,grecian and ,roman
 ,histories of ,dr4 ,schmitz will       
speedily take the precedence of all     
others in this country1 as they have    
done1 to a very considerable degree1 in 
,great ,britain4  ,the popular series of
 ,franconia ,stories1 by ,,jacob        
,,abbott 7published by ,harper and      
,brothers71 is completed by the         
publication of ,mary ,bell and          
,beechnut4 ,the excellent author has    
placed the whole juvenile community     
under new obligations by the issue of   
these delightful stories4 ,he is so     
perfectly at home in every phase of     
country life1 and so ingenious in       
working up its daily occurrences into a 
charming narrative1 that he can never   
fail of a listening audience4 ,few      

,american authors have the power of so  
impressing themselves on the memory and 
the heart of their readers4 ,the present
 series will doubtless add to his       
beautiful influence and to his fame4    
,the ,third ,number of ,london ,labor   
and ,the ,london ,poor1 by ,,henry      
,,mayhew1 is issued by ,harper and      
,brothers1 and will be found to increase
 the interest with which that remarkable
 series has been received by the public4
 ,his pictures of the condition of the  
laboring classes in ,london have a      
minuteness and vividness of detail which
 would not disgrace a ,dutch painting4  
,the ,roman ,republic of #ahdi1 by      
,,theodore ,,dwight 7published by ,r4   
,van ,dien71 is a brief historical view 
of the recent revolutionary movements in
 ,italy1 with biographical sketches of  
,mazzini1 ,garibaldi1 ,avezzana1        
,filopanti1 ,foresti1 and other leading 
,italian ,republicans4  ,ticknor1 ,reed1
 and ,fields have issued the fourth     
volume of their beautiful edition of the

 ,collective ,writings of ,,thomas ,,de 
,,quincy1 containing ,the ,csars1 a work
 characterized by the subtilty of       
reflection1 curious learning1 and       
original felicities of expression1 for  
which the author is pre-eminent4  ,life 
on the ,plains of the ,pacific1 by ,rev4
 ,,gustavus ,,hine 7published by ,geo4  
,h4 ,derby and ,co41 ,buffalo71 is the  
title of a work devoted to the history1 
condition1 and prospects of ,oregon1    
with a description of its geography1    
climate1 and productions1 and of        
personal adventures among the ,indians4 
,it contains a detailed history of the  
,oregon ,mission1 drawn from the most   
authentic sources1 including the notes  
and journals of the first missionaries  
on that station4 ,the journal of the    
author1 commencing with the departure of
 the missionaries from ,new ,york in    
#ahci1 presents an interesting narrative
 of the largest expedition of this kind 
that ever sailed from an ,american port1
 and is enriched with a great variety of

 facts and incidents that occurred in   
the wide field of observation that forms
 the subject of the volume4 ,without    
pretending to the graces of literary    
composition1 the writer has produced a  
work of sterling value4 ,his authority  
will no doubt be appealed to with       
confidence on all matters pertaining to 
the important scene of his labors4      
,hints to ,sportsmen1 by ,e4 ,j4 ,,lewis
 7published by ,blanchard and ,lea1     
,philadelphia71 is a regular-built      
treatise on all the mysteries of the    
sporting craft4 ,the author writes like 
an experienced shot4 ,his book is not   
only a valuable manual for the          
sportsman1 but a tempting volume for the
 lovers of spirited description4        
,curran and his ,contemporaries1 by     
,,charles ,,phillips 7published by      
,harper and ,brothers71 is a            
reproduction of the celebrated work of  
,counselor ,phillips1 having been       
subjected by the author to a thorough   
revision and amendment4 ,it describes   

the interesting period of ,irish history
 during which ,curran was the leading   
member of the ,bar1 with great vivacity 
and force4 ,touching lightly on the     
politics of the times1 it presents a    
series of personal delineations1 which  
are drawn to the life by the            
enthusiastic and genial author4 ,the    
freshness of his recollections affords  
an abundance of piquant anecdote1 which1
 with his warm sympathies with the      
,irish character1 gives a perpetual     
liveliness and glow to the narrative1   
redeeming it from every approach to     
dullness1 and sustaining the interest of
 the reader to the close of the volume4 
,louisiana3 ,its ,colonial ,history and 
,romance1 by ,,charles ,,gayarre        
7published by ,harper and ,brothers71 is
 a republication of the lectures of the 
author on ,the ,poetry1 or the ,romance 
of the ,history of ,louisiana1 with the 
addition of seven new lectures1 bringing
 the subject down to the departure of   
,bienville1 the founder of the colony1  

in #agdc4 ,among the interesting topics 
discussed in the second series of       
lectures1 are the formation of the      
,mississippi ,company1 the ,history of  
,law's financial career1 the foundation 
of ,new ,orleans1 the ,manners and      
,customs of the ,natchez tribe1 the wars
 between the ,indians and the           
,colonists1 and others1 which bring the 
romantic incidents connected with the   
colonization of ,louisiana into         
prominent view4 ,the period was fertile 
in singular adventures1 presenting      
abundant materials for the poet or      
novelist4 ,mr4 ,gayarre has made a      
felicitous selection of topics1 which1  
under the brilliant coloring of a lively
 imagination1 are presented in a        
picturesque and attractive form4 ,the   
substance of his work is founded on the 
conclusions of exact historical         
research1 while the drapery in which its
 scenes and characters are arrayed form 
a graceful accompaniment to the severity
 of truth4 ,with a perpetual vivacity of

 style1 and a profusion of glowing      
imagery1 ,mr4 ,gayarre never becomes    
tedious or insipid4 ,his volume is      
always delightful as a poem1 if it is   
not complete as a record1 and will hold 
a high place among the popular          
contributions to the ,romance of        
,history4  ,e4 ,c4 and ,j4 ,biddle have 
published ,an ,elementary ,treatise on  
,statics1 by ,,gaspard ,,monge1         
translated by ,,woods ,,baker1 a work   
which has obtained a distinguished      
reputation in the scientific literature 
of ,france1 by its clear and correct    
style1 its rigorous demonstrations1 and 
its well-connected propositions4 ,it is 
adapted to fill a place1 for which no   
adequate provision has been made by the 
usual treatises on the subject in the   
,english language4 ,most of these are   
voluminous1 and suited only to the more 
advanced classes of students1 or else   
composed chiefly of practical and       
descriptive details4 ,the present volume
 treats the subject in the synthetic    

method1 and can be understood without   
difficulty by those who are familiar    
with ,euclid's ,elements4               
,warreniana4--,ticknor1 ,reed1 and      
,fields have issued a reprint of this   
celebrated jeu d'esprit1 which still    
retains its popularity1 together with   
the ,rejected ,addresses1 to which it   
forms an appropriate companion4 ,the    
peculiarities of ,wordsworth1           
,coleridge1 ,southey1 ,christopher      
,north1 ,washington ,irving1 ,scott1    
,moore1 ,brougham1 ,wilberforce1 and    
other names of sufficient eminence to   
provoke a quiz1 are hit off with capital
 success4 ,the most astringent features 
are always relaxed in the perusal of    
these amusing pages4  ,j4 ,s4 ,redfield 
has issued an edition of ,,jung         
,,stilling',s ,theory of ,pneumatology1 
and of ,,cahagnet',s ,celestial         
,telegraph1 which are filled with the   
latest information on the whole subject 
of ghosts1 presentiments1 visions1 and  
the world of spirits1 obtained          

professedly from the most authentic     
sources4 ,stilling's work is introduced 
with a ,preface by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,bush1   
highly commending its purposes and      
character4 ,the ,celestial ,telegraph   
beats ,jackson ,davis and the ,rochester
 ,knockings all hollow4 ,whoever is     
curious in the literature of the        
supernatural will find enough here to   
satisfy the most craving love of the    
marvelous4  ,ticknor1 ,reed1 and ,fields
 have published a volume of ,poems1 by  
,,henry ,t4 ,,tuckerman1 distinguished  
for the sweet and graceful fancies1 the 
fluent aptness of expression1 the joyous
 sympathy with nature1 and the refined  
delicacy of taste by which most of the  
writings of the author are              
characterized4 ,the vein of tranquil    
reflection which pervades them1 and the 
chastened utterance of feeling which    
vails rather than embodies strong       
emotion1 though not among the elements  
of popular poetry1 will recommend them  
to the congenial reader4  ,j4 ,w4       

,moore1 ,philadelphia1 has published a  
useful little volume for students in    
design1 entitled ,the ,theory of        
,effect1 by ,an ,artist4 ,it is intended
 not only for the use of beginners1 but 
of those who have attained a proficiency
 in the art1 while they are unacquainted
 with the principles on which the       
correctness of their pictures depends4  
,the rules of ,effect are laid down with
 great precision and minuteness1 and    
illustrated with several neat engravings
 by ,hinckley4  ,the ,volcano ,diggings 
is the title of a lively story1 by a    
,member of the ,bar1 illustrating the   
administration of the law in            
,california4 ,several scenes1 which are 
evidently taken from the life1 are      
described with a good deal of spirit1   
and throw a strong1 but not altogether  
flattering light on the condition of    
society at the placers4 7,published by  
,j4 ,s4 ,redfield74  ,george ,p4 ,putnam
 has issued ,the ,wing-and-,wing1       
forming another volume of the ,collected

 ,works of ,j4 ,,fenimore ,,cooper4 ,in 
the ,preface to this edition1 the author
 remarks1 that he acknowledges a strong 
paternal feeling in behalf of this book1
 placing it very high in the estimate of
 its merits1 as compared with other     
books from the same pen2 a species of   
commendation that need wound no man4    
,the same publisher has issued a new and
 revised edition of ,the ,conquest of   
,florida1 by ,,theodore ,,irving4 ,the  
author expresses his gratification in   
finding his account of ,de ,soto's      
expedition confirmed by the most recent 
investigations4 ,his work is justly     
entitled to the reputation which it has 
obtained1 as a classic authority1 on an 
interesting period of ,american history4
  ,phillips1 ,sampson1 and ,co4 have    
published a valuable collection of      
financial essays1 entitled ,the         
,banker's ,commonplace ,book1 containing
 ,mr4 ,a4 ,b4 ,johnson's pithy treatise 
on the ,principles of ,banking and the  
,duties of a ,banker1 ,gilbart's ,ten   

,minutes' ,advice on ,keeping a ,bank1  
with several articles on ,bills of      
,exchange1 and a summary of the ,banking
 ,laws of ,massachusetts4 ,it will prove
 a useful manual on the subject to which
 it is devoted4     ,,two ,,leaves      
,,from ,,punch4  ,illustration3         
,,encouragement ,,to ,,book-,,lenders4  
,,if ,,you ,,please1 ,,sir1 ,,master',s 
,,sent ,,back ,,the ,,first ,,volume1   
,,and ,,he ,,says ,,will ,,you ,,be ,,so
 ,,good ,,as ,,to ,,let ,,him ',,ave    
,,the ,,second8   ,,diplomacy ,,and     
,,gastronomy4  ,it is a very generally  
received opinion that gammon is the     
basis of diplomacy2 but the fact is1    
that it is impossible to conduct        
international negotiations on the       
foundation of that humble and economical
 fare1 even when rendered more palatable
 by the addition of spinach4 ,,mr4      
,,rives1 it is said1 has written a      
letter to ,,mr4 ,,webster1 complaining  
that the ,american ,embassadorship can  
not be done at ,paris under #ijjj a     

year1 and adds that       ,according to 
,,mr4 ,,pakenham1 good dinners are half 
the battle      of diplomacy1 and the   
most favorable treaties are gained by   
liberal feeding4  ,this aphorism        
suggests important reflections4  ,a main
 point to be attended to in the         
formation of a diplomatic corps is the  
commissariat2 and the force must be well
 armed with knives and forks1 in        
addition to being supplied with plate   
armor4  ,the trenches in diplomatic     
warfare must be manned by regular       
trenchermen4  ,rivals in diplomacy must 
be cut out by actual carving2 and in    
order to dish them1 recourse must be had
 to real dishes4  ,if one diplomatist   
wishes to turn the tables on another1 it
 is requisite that he and his suite     
should keep the better tables4  ,the    
politeness of diplomatic intercourse    
should be qualified1 in some measure1   
with sauce1 and its gravity tempered    
with gravy4  ,treating1 in diplomacy1 is
 best managed by giving a spread4  ,bold

 diplomatists are those who greatly     
daring1 dine4  ,the most liberal foreign
 policy is that of giving grand         
banquets4  ,a plenipotentiary should    
have unlimited powers of cramming4  ,an 
embassador has been defined to be1 a man
 sent abroad to lie for the sake of the 
commonwealth2 but the definition must be
 enlarged to express the fact1 that he  
is also a person deputed to a foreign   
country to eat and drink for the        
interest of his native land4  ,the most 
important diplomatic functions are those
 of digestion4  ,illustration3 ,,supper 
,,at ,a ,,juvenile ,,party4  ,alfred4 ,i
 ,,say1 ,,frank1 ,,arn',t ,,you ,,going 
,,to ,,have ,,some ,,supper8  ,frank4   
,a--,,not ,,at ,,present4 ,i ,,shall    
,,wait ,,till ,,the ,,women ,,leave     
,,the ,,room4  ,illustration3 ,,one ,,of
 ,,the ,,juveniles ,,after ,,the        
,,party4  ,doctor4 ,,ahem6 ,,well6 ,,and
 ,,what',s ,,the ,,matter ,,with ,,my   
,,young ,,friend1 ,,adolphus8  ,mother4 
,,why1 ,,doctor1 ,,he ,,was ,,at ,a     

,,juvenile ,,party ,,last ,,night1 ,,and
 ,i',m ,,afraid ,,he',s ,,eaten         
,,something ,,that ,,does',n',t ,,agree 
,,with ,,him1 ,,poor ,,dear6            
,,conversation-,,books ,,for #ahea4     
,it is said that ,publishers are getting
 up a series of ,conversation-,books for
 the use of foreigners1 visiting the    
,great ,exhibition4 ,but the spoken and 
written language of ,london are so      
different that it is feared these books 
will be of little use4 ,mr4 ,,punch     
furnishes the following corrections of  
the two most important chapters1 by the 
diligent study of which it is hoped that
 visitors may be enabled to ride and    
dine4   ,,to ,,converse ,,with ,a       
,,cabman4  ,what the ,book said4        
,what the ,man said4  ,do you wish1     
,sir1 to ride in                  ,c'b8 
7from every driver on my cabriolet8     
the rank1 and as many fingers           
held up as there are ,cabmen47  ,where  
do you wish1 ,sir1 that                 
,vere to8 7and a look47 ,i should drive 

you8  ,i wish to go to the ,exposition4 
,thank you1 ,sir4 ,i will drive         
,vere8 7not understanding you thither   
without delay4                    the   
foreigner's ,english47  ,what is your   
fare8  ,i have driven you two miles4    
,two bob and a tanner4 ,my legal fare   
for driving you that distance is one    
shilling and four-pence4  ,as you have  
driven fast1 there is one shilling and  
sixpence4  ,thank you1 ,sir1 ,i am very 
much obliged        ,vot's this8 7and a 
look of to you4                         
contemptuous curiosity at the           
coin presented47  ,i shall be happy to  
drive you in future4      ,vel1 if hever
 ,i drives a scaly                      
furrinrr again1 ,i'm blessed6  ,good    
morning to you1 ,sir4                   
,ollo6 ,you ain't a-goin' hoff          
in this 'ere way4  ,you have paid me    
handsomely4                  ,oh--you   
calls yourself a                        
gentleman6   ,,to ,,converse ,,with ,a  
,,waiter4  ,waiter1 what have you for   

dinner8  ,you can have what you choose  
to order1 ,sir4  ,din'r1 ,sir6--,yezzir6
  ,here is the bill of fare1 ,sir4      
,s'p1 f'sh1 ch'ps1 st'ks1 cutl't1       
,sir6 r'nd o' b'f1                      
,sir6--nice cut1 ,sir6--sad'l mt'n1     
,sir6--,yezzir6        --,,john1 att'nd 
to the gnl'm4--,yezzir6--,,jem1         
mon'y--com'n1 ,sir6--',ere1             
,sir6--,yezzir6  ,waiter1 how much have 
,i to pay8  ,here1 ,sir1 is your bill4  
,money6 7calling47  ,permit me to ask   
you what you                ,now1 ,sir8 
7and an have had to eat1 ,sir8          
interrogative look47                    
,st'k1 ,sir8 ,yezzir6 shill'n1 ,sir6    
'taters1 ,sir8 ,i have had a beef-steak1
 with boiled         ,yezzir6 twop'nce1 
that's                                  
one-and-three1 and potatoes2 ,i have    
also had a fried sole1      bread a     
penny1 one-and-three and some bread1    
and two is one-and-five1 with ,cheshire 
cheese1                        and sole1
 you said1 ,sir8 ,yezzir6 and a pint of 

porter4                        that's   
one shilling3                           
one-and-eight and five1 thirteen1 ,sir1 
the price of all that is two            
that's two-and-six2 and cheese8         
shillings4                              
,yezzir6 two-and-eight and four1        
that's three shill'n2 and               
porter is four2 three1 four1            
eight1 ten1 fifteen--four-and-two4      
,thank you1 ,sir6 ,waiter1 ,sir8        
,thank you1 ,sir4                       
,good afternoon1 ,sir4   ,,to ,,find    
,,room ,,in ,a ,,crowded ,,omnibus4     
,conductor4--,would any gentleman mind  
going outside1 to oblige a lady8        
,unfortunate ,gentleman 7tightly wedged 
in at the back74--,i should be very     
happy1 but ,i only came1 yesterday1 out 
of the ,fever ,hospital4                
,omnibus clears in a minute6   ,a ,,file
 ,,to ,,smooth ,,asperities4  ,the      
,sheffield ,times describes an          
extraordinary file1 which is to be sent 
from ,sheffield to the ,great           

,exhibition4 ,this remarkable file is   
adorned with designs as numerous as     
those on the original shield of         
,,achilles1 all cut and beaten out with 
hammer and chisel4 ,how much more       
sensible and friendly to show           
distinguished foreigners files of this  
sort1 than to exhibit to them files of  
soldiers6   ,,the ,,lowest ,,depth ,,of 
,,meanness4  ,a ,,farce1 ,,founded ,,on 
,,fact4  ,,mr4 and ,,mrs4 ,,skinflint   
are discovered in a ,parlor in a        
,fashionable ,square4 ,the ,wife is busy
 sewing4 ,the ,husband is occupied      
running his eye1 well drilled in all    
matters of domestic economy1 over the   
housekeeping account of the previous    
week4  ,mr4 ,skinflint4--,you've been   
very extravagant in my absence1 my dear4
  ,mrs4 ,skinflint4--,it's the same     
story every week1 ,,john4  ,mr4         
,skinflint4--,but1 nonsense1 ,madam1 ,i 
tell you1 you have4 ,for instance1 you  
had a ,crab for supper last night4      
,mrs4 ,skinflint 7startled74--,how do   

you know that8 ,it's not down in the    
book4  ,mr4 ,skinflint                  
7triumphantly74--,no--but ,i found the  
shell in the dust-bin6666               
,illustration3 ,a ,,little ,,bit ,,of   
,,humbug4  ,shoemaker4 ,i ,,think1      
,,mum1 ,,we ,,had ,,better ,,make ,,you 
,a ,,pair4 ,,you ,,see1 ,,mum1 ,,yours  
,,is ,,such ,a ,,remarkable ,,long ,,and
 ,,narrer ,,foot6     ,,fashions ,,for  
,,may4   ,illustration3 ,,fig4          
,i4--,,promenade ,,costumes4  ,this is  
the season when ,fashion is more        
perplexed than at any other1 in her     
endeavors to give humanity a seasonable 
garb4 ,boreas and ,zephyrus often bear  
rule on the same day1 one reigning with 
mildness in the morning1 the other      
despotically at evening4 ,those votaries
 of ,fashion are the wiser1 who pay     
court to the former2 for1 generally1 it 
is almost ,june1 in our ,northern       
,states1 before we may be certain that  
the chilling breath of early ,spring    
will be no more felt4  ,this being the  

season for rides and promenades1 our    
illustrations for this month are devoted
 chiefly to the representation of       
appropriate costume for those healthful 
exercises in the open air4 ,the large   
figure in our first plate1 represents an
 elegant style of promenade dress4      
,pardessus are much worn at this season1
 made in a lighter manner than those    
used earlier4 ,velvet pardessus with    
silk or satin linings1 but not padded1  
are used4 ,our illustration represents  
one of black velvet1 trimmed with       
several narrow rows of satin of the same
 color4 ,the dress is amber-colored     
figured silk1 with a very full plain    
skirt4 ,capotes or bonnets of satin are 
also worn4 ,an elegant style is made of 
violet velvet and satin1 ornamented with
 heart's-ease almost hidden within      
coques of satin and velvet1 which are   
arranged in a tasteful manner upon the  
exterior of the capote1 the interior    
being decorated with heart's-ease to    
match1 which may or may not be          

intermixed with lace or tulle1 according
 to the taste of the wearer4  ,costumes 
for young misses are also represented in
 our first illustration4 ,the larger one
 has a dress of a pale chocolate        
cachmere1 trimmed with narrow silk      
fringe2 the double robings on each side 
of the front as well as the cape1 on the
 half-high corsage1 ornamented with a   
double row of narrow silk fringe4 ,this 
trimming is also repeated round the     
lower part of the loose sleeve4         
,chemisette of plaited cambric1 headed  
with a broad frill of embroidery2 full  
under-sleeves of cambric1 with a row of 
embroidery round the wrist4 ,open bonnet
 of pink satin1 a row of white lace     
encircling the interior next the face4  
,boots of pale violet cachmere and      
morocco4 ,trowsers of worked cambric4   
,the smaller figure has a frock of      
plaided cachmere4 ,paletot of purple    
velvet1 or dark cachmere2 a round hat of
 white satin1 the low crown adorned with
 a long white ostrich feather4 ,trowsers

 and under-sleeves of white embroidered 
cambric4 ,button gaiter boots of        
chocolate cachmere4  ,illustration3     
,,fig4 #b4--;,,evening ,,costume4       
,figure #b represents a most elegant    
costume for an evening party1 or a ball4
 ,it is composed of a beautifully       
embroidered white satin dress1 the skirt
 looped up on the right side1 and       
decorated with a bunch of the pink      
honey-plant1 heading three pink and     
white marabout tips1 from which depend  
three ends of deep silk fringe1 pink and
 white4 ,low pointed corsage1 the top of
 which is encircled with a small        
embroidered pointed cape1 edged as well 
as the short sleeves with a deep pink   
and white fringe1 and confined upon the 
centre with a cluster of feathers and   
flowers1 decorated in the centre with a 
butterfly composed of precious stones4  
,the hair is simply arranged with a     
narrow wreath of pink and white velvet  
leaves1 finished on the right side with 
two small marabout feathers1 and two    

ends of fringe drooping low4            
,illustration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,,morning    
,,promenade ,,costume4  ,figure #c is a 
morning promenade costume4 ,a high dress
 of black satin1 the body fitting       
perfectly tight2 a small jacket cut on  
the bias1 with two rows of black velvet 
laid on a little distance from the edge4
 ,the sleeves are rather large1 and have
 abroad cuff turned back1 which is      
trimmed to correspond with the jacket4  
,the skirt is long and full2 the dress  
ornamented up the front in its whole    
length by rich fancy silk trimmings1    
graduating in size from the bottom of   
the skirt to the waist1 and again       
increasing to the throat4 ,bonnet of    
plum-colored satin2 a bunch of          
heart's-ease1 intermixed with ribbon1   
placed low on the left side2 the same   
flowers1 but somewhat smaller1 ornament 
the interior4  ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #d 
,,and #e4--;,,head-,,dresses4  ,figures 
#d and #e represent different styles of 
head-dresses for balls or evening       

parties4 ,figure #d is a combination of 
flowers and splendid ribbons1 with a    
fall on each side1 of the richest lace4 
,figure #e is very brilliant4 ,it is a  
wreath of ,ceres form1 composed of small
 flowers in rubies1 emeralds1 and       
diamonds1 perfectly resembling natural  
flowers1 with ears of wheat freely      
intermingled4 ,at this season the       
head-dresses are chiefly of the floral  
description4 ,feathers and flowers      
intermixed1 form a very beautiful       
coiffure4