,,typographic ,,te*nical ,,s]ies ,,=    
,,appr5tices--,,"p ,,vi1 ,,no4 #cf      
,,comp\nd ,,words    ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,!  
,,pr9ciples   ,,( ,,comp\nd+1 ,,!       
,,compon5ts   ,,( ,,comp\nds1 ,,& ,,!   
,,use ,,( ,,! ,,hyph5    ,,by           
,,fr$]ick ,w4 ,,hamilton1 ,,ll4 ,d4     
,,educational ,,director   ,,unit$      
,,typo!t ,,( ,,am]ica4    ,,publi%$ ,,by
 ,,! ,,committee ,,on ,,education       
,,unit$ ,,typo!tae ,,( ,,am]ica   #aiah 
,,copyright1 #aiah   ,,unit$ ,,typo!tae 
,,( ,,am]ica   ,,*icago1 ,,ill4         
,,preface   ,! subject ( comp\nds is "o 
( ! mo/ difficult ( ! matt]s relat+ to  
correct lit]>y composition4 ,!          
difficulty arises f ! fact t usage1     
especially 9 ! matt] ( ! pres5ce or     
abs5ce ( ! hyph51 is n cle>ly settl$4   
,progressive t5d5cies are at "w & !re is
 great diff]5ce ( usage1 ev5 among      
au?orities ( ! fir/ rank1 ) reg>d to _m 
comp\nds 9 common use4  ,an attempt is  
made to %[ fir/ ! g5]al "* ( ! problems 
involv$4 ,!n foll[s a discussion ( !    

g5]al pr9ciples ( comp\nd+4 ,! g5]al    
rules = ! =mation ( comp\nds are /at$ & 
briefly discuss$4 ,! v>i\s compon5ts (  
comp\nds are fully analyz$ & tabulat$4  
,! be/ mod]n usage 9 ! matt] ( !        
employm5t ( ! hyph5 is set =? 9 a s]ies 
( rules4 ,! :ole is conclud$ by         
practical advice to ! compositor z to ! 
use ( ! rules 9 ! actual "w ( ! (fice4  
,,cont5ts                               
,,page    ,,introduction                
#a    ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples               
#d    ,,acc5t ,,9 ,,comp\nd+            
#e    ,,! ,,=mation ,,( ,,comp\nds      
#f    ,,compon5ts ,,( ,,comp\nds        
#g    ,,rules ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,!     
,,hyph5      #i    ,,supplem5t>y ,,read+
               #af    ,,review          
,,que/ions                    #ag       
,,comp\nd ,,words     ,,introduction    
,! ,engli% language conta9s a great _m  
words & phrases :i* are made up ( two or
 m words comb9$ or relat$ 9 su* a way z 
to =m a new v]bal phrase hav+ a di/9ct  
mean+ ( its own & diff]+ 9 mean+ f ! sum

 ( ! compon5t words tak5 s+ly4 ,income &
 outgo1 = example1 h q def9ite mean+s   
relat$1 x is true1 to come & g & to 9 & 
out1 b %>ply diff]5tiat$ f ^? words 9 _!
 ord9>y & g5]al signification4 ,we use  
^! comp\nd words & phrases s commonly t 
we nev] /op to ?9k h[ num]\s !y are1 or 
h[ frequ5tly new ones are co9$4 ,any    
liv+ language is con/antly gr[+ &       
develop+ new =ms4 ,new objects h to be  
nam$1 new s5sations express$1 new       
exp]i5ces describ$4  ,sometimes ^! words
 are m]e aggregations l automobile1     
monotype1 sidewalk1 policeman & ! l4    
,sometimes1 inde$ v (t51 !y are %ort    
cuts4 ,a hatbox is a box = c>ry+ a hat1 
a r$-hair$ man is a man ) r$ hair4 ,a   
bookcase is a case to conta9 books1 etc4
  ,sometimes ! phrase consi/s ( two or m
 sep>ate words1 su* z well kn[n or      
nicely kept4 ,sometimes x consi/s (     
words jo9$ by a hyph51 su* z bo>d+-h\se1
 sleep+-c>4 ,sometimes x consi/s ( a    
s+le ^w =m$ by amalgamat+ or runn+      
toge!r ! compon5ts1 su* z p5hold]1      

nev]!less4  ,9 :i* ( ^! =ms %all we     
write ! phrase we speak s easily8 ,h[   
%all we %ape ! new ^w we h j co9$8 ,:i* 
( ^! ?ree =ms %all we use1 & :y8        
,ord9>ily we look = ! answ] to su*      
que/ions f ?ree s\rces1 hi/orical       
developm5t1 ! pa/ ( ! language2 "s      
logical pr9ciple ( g5]al application2 or
 "s recogniz$ /&>d ( au?ority4          
,un=tunately we get little help f ei!r (
 ^! s\rces 9 ?is special difficulty4  ,!
 hi/ory ( ! language is a hi/ory (      
con/ant *ange4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon tongue 0
 full ( comp\nds1 b ! hyph5 0 an unkn[n 
device to ^? :o spoke x4 ,! ,engli% (   
,*auc]1 ! p]iod :5 our new-born ,engli% 
tongue 0 diff]5tiat$ f ^? :i* contribut$
 to its composition1 is full ( comp\nds1
 & ! comp\nds 7 g5]ally writt5 ) a      
hyph54 ,%akespe>e us$ _m comp\nd words &
 phrases "s ( :i* s\nd /range1 if n     
unc\?1 to mod]n e>s1 b us$ ! hyph5 mu*  
less ?an ,*auc]4 ,9 mod]n times ! t5d5cy
 has be5 & is to drop ! hyph54 ,! m     
g5]al progression seems to be 7#a7 two  

words1 7#b7 two words hyph5at$1 7#c7 two
 words run toge!r into "o4 ,sometimes1  
h[ev]1 ! hyph5 drops1 leav+ two words   
sep>at$4 ,t !re is con/ant *ange1 & t ! 
*ange is progress+ consi/5tly 9 !       
direction ( elim9at+ ! hyph5 is fairly  
cle>4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n help u mu*4   
,at :at /age ( ! process are we ) reg>d 
to any giv5 ^w8 ,:i* =m ( ! process is  
op]at+ 9 any giv5 case8  ,!re are no    
laws or pr9ciples ( univ]sal application
 on :i* we may build a consi/5t sy/em ( 
practice4 ,c]ta9 g5]al pr9ciples h be5  
laid d[n & w be "h set =?4 ,:ile !y are 
helpful to ! und]/&+ ( ! subject !y are 
n suffici5tly univ]sal to s]ve z        
practical guides 9 all cases4 ,9 any    
ev5t !y ne$ to be supplem5t$ by c>eful  
/udy ( ! rules = ! use ( ! hyph51 by    
c>eful /udy ( ! be/ usage 9 p>ticul>    
cases1 & by ?or\gh k ( ! /yle ( ea*     
p>ticul> (fice1 z w be po9t$ out lat]4  
,au?orities & usage diff] widely1 & x is
 (t5 difficult to say t a p>ticul> =m is
 "r or wrong4  ,!re is no recogniz$ /&>d

 au?ority4 ,! diction>ies d n agree )   
ea* o!r & are n always consi/5t )       
!mselves4 ,!y may always write a c]ta9  
^w 9 a c]ta9 way b !y may write ano!r ^w
 to all appe>ance exactly analog\s to ! 
fir/ 9 ano!r way4 ,= example ,worce/]   
has brickwork & brasswork1 b wood-"w &  
iron-"w4 ,web/]1 on ! o!r h&1 has       
woodwork & brick-"w4  ,! be/ t ! pr9t] c
 d is to adopt a set ( rules or /yle ( 8
 own & /ick to x consi/5tly4 ,"h & !re a
 g5]ally accept$ *ange1 l ! dropp+ ( !  
hyph5 f tomorr[ & today w =ce itself ^u 
him1 b = ! mo/ "p he may /ick to 8 /yle4
 ,( c\rse1 ! au?or1 if he has a m>k$    
pref]5ce1 mu/ be p]mitt$ to use 8 own   
me?ods ( comp\nd+ except 9 magaz9e      
publications & ! l4 ,9 su* cases1 :5 !  
au?or's "w is to appe> 9 ! same volume )
 t ( o!r writ]s1 ! /yle ( ! pr9t+ (fice 
mu/ rule & ! individual contributors mu/
 b[ to x4     ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples       
,?ree g5]al pr9ciples are laid d[n by   
,mr4 ,f4 ,horace ,teall :i* w be f\nd   
useful1 ?\gh !y mu/ be supplem5t$ 9     

practice by m specific rules :i* w be   
giv5 lat]4 ,!y are z foll[s3  ,i ,all   
words %\ld be sep>ate :5 us$ 9 regul>   
grammatical relations & con/ruction     
unless !y are jo9tly appli$ 9 "s        
arbitr>y way4       ,an iron f5ce means 
a f5ce made ( iron4 ,! mean+ &          
con/ruction are normal & ! words are n  
comp\nd$4       ,an iron-saw means a saw
 = cutt+ iron4 ,! mean+ is n !      same
 z iron saw :i* w\ld mean a saw made (  
iron4 ,!      hyph5at$ comp\nd indicates
 ! special mean+ ( ! words us$      9   
?is comb9ation4       ,ironwood is a    
specific "n appli$ to a c]ta9 k9d ( v   
h>d wood4 ,h5ce1 x becomes a s+le ^w    
comp\nd$ b )\t a      hyph54 ,ei!r ( !  
o!r =ms w\ld be ambigu\s or impossible  
9 mean+4  ,,ii ,abnormal associations ( 
words g5]ally indicate unification 9    
s5se & h5ce comp\nd+ 9 =m4       ,a     
sleep+ man is a phrase 9 :i* ! words are
 associat$      normally4 ,! man sleeps4
       ,a sleep+-c> is a phrase 9 :i* ! 
words are associat$      abnormally4 ,! 

c> does n sleep4 ,x is a specially      
con/ruct$      c> 9 :i* ! pass5g]s may  
sleep com=tably4       ,a k+ fi%] might 
be a v skilful fi%]man4 ,a k+fi%]       
is a k9d ( bird4 ,"h aga9 we h an       
abnormal association (      words & z ! 
comp\nd ^w is ! "n ( a specific sort (  
bird !re is no hyph54 ,a k+-fi%]1 if x  
meant any?+1      w\ld probably mean "o 
:o fi%$ = k+s1 z a pe>l-div] is      "o 
:o dives = pe>ls4  ,,iii ,conv]sely1 no 
expression 9 ! language %\ld ev] be     
*ang$ f two or m words into "o 7ei!r    
hyph5at$ or solid7 )\t *ange ( s5se4    
,saw trimm] is n comp\nd$ because !re is
 no *ange 9 !      commonly accept$ s5se
 ( ei!r ^w4       ,color "w is n        
comp\nd$ because ! ^w color1 by usage   
common 9 ,engli%1 has ! =ce ( an        
adjective1 & ! words are      us$ 9 _!  
accept$ s5se4 ,9 o!r languages x w\ld be
      diff]5tly express$1 = example1 9  
,fr5* x w\ld be oeuvre1      or         
imprim]ie en c\leur1 "w1 or1 pr9t+ 9    
color4       ,presswork is comp\nd$     

because x has a special & specific      
mean+4 ,good or bad presswork is a good 
or bad result ( "w done      on a press4
       ,"h z ev]y:]e 9 pr9t+ ! great    
purpose is to secure      pla9ness &    
intelligibility4 ,pr9t is made to read4 
,any?+      :i* obscures ! s5se1 or     
makes ! passage h>d to read is          
wrong4 ,any?+ :i* cle>s up ! s5se &     
makes ! passage      easy to read &     
capable ( only "o int]pretation is "r4  
,,influ5ce ,,( ,,acc5t ,,9 ,,comp\nd+   
,"s writ]s lay mu* /ress on ! influ5ce (
 acc5t 9 ! =mation ( comp\nds :ile o!rs 
ignore x entirely4 ,acc5t und\bt$ly has 
"s influ5ce & ! !ory may be easily &    
intelligibly express$4 ,x ought to be   
und]/ood1 b x w n be f\nd an entirely   
safe guide4 ,usage has modifi$ ! results
 ( comp\nd+ 9 _m cases 9 ways :i* d n   
l5d !mselves to logical explanation &   
classification4  ,! g5]al pr9ciple z    
/at$ by ,mr4 ,teall is z foll[s3        
,:5 ea* "p ( ! comp\nd is acc5t$1 use ! 
hyph52      laught]-lov+4       ,:5 only

 "o "p is acc5t$1 omit ! hyph52 _m sid$4
       ,:5 ! acc5t is *ang$1 pr9t !     
comp\nd solid2 broadsword4      ,?is    
foll[s ! g5]al rule ( acc5t+ ! fir/     
syllable 9      ,engli% words4   ,,rules
 ,,= ,,! ,,=mation ,,( ,,comp\nds  ,i   
,two n\ns us$ toge!r z a "n =m a comp\nd
 n\n unless3       7a7 ,! fir/ is us$ 9 
a descriptive or attributive s5se1 t    
is1 is really an adjective1 or       7b7
 ,! two are 9 apposition4  ,v>i\s uses (
 ! n\n z an adjective1 t is1 9 "s       
qualify+ or attributive s5se are :5 !   
n\n conveys ! s5se (3       #a4 ,made (2
 lea!r belt1 /eel furniture4       #b4  
,hav+ ! %ape1 "*1 or quality (2 diamond 
pane1         iron ration1 bull calf4   
#c4 ,p]ta9+ to1 suitable =1 repres5t+2  
(fice desk1         labor union4        
#d4 ,*>act]iz$ by2 motor drive4         
#e4 ,situat$ 91 & ! l2 ocean curr5t1    
city life4       #f4 ,support+ or       
advocat+2 union man1 ,bryan vot]4       
#g4 ,exi/+ 9 or com+ f2 ,yell[/one      
geys]1 ,cali=nia         lemon4         

#h4 ,orig9at$ or made by1 nam$ =2       
,gordon ,press1 ,h>v>d         ,college4
       ,plac+ ! two n\ns 9 apposition is
 mu* ! same z us+ !      fir/ z an      
adjective4       ,su* comp\nds are      
g5]ally writt5 z two words )\t !        
hyph51 b see specific rules = use (     
hyph5s4  ,,ii ,e "n app>5tly compos$ ( a
 pla9 n\n & a n\n ( ag5t or v]bal n\n1 b
 really convey+ ! s5se ( a phrase )     
suffix er1 or1 or +1 %\ld be treat$ z a 
comp\nd2 roll] di/ribution4  ,,iii      
,possessive phrases us$ z specific names
 7g5]ally plants7 are treat$ z comp\nds4
       ,!y are hyph5at$ unless v common1
 9 :i* case !y are      clos$ up2       
crane's-bill1 ratsbane4  ,,iv ,any      
phrase us$ z a specific "n 9 an arbitr>y
 application n /rictly figurative is    
writt5 z a comp\nd2 blueb]ry1 r$-coat1  
=get-me-n4  ,v ,any pair ( words us$ z  
"o "n ( :i* ! second is a n\n b ! fir/ n
 really an adjective %\ld be writt5 z a 
comp\nd2 fo/]-bro!r1 d[n-t[n1           
aft]-consid]ation4       ,z else:]e !   

use ( ! hyph5 dep5ds l>gely 9 !         
famili>ity ( ! phrase2 spoilsport1      
pickpocket4  ,,vi ,any two words o!r ?an
 n\ns %\ld be treat$ z a comp\nd1       
g5]ally solid1 :5 arbitr>ily associat$ z
 a "n2 /&po9t1 outlook4  ,,vii ,a "n or 
an adjective made by add+ a suffix to a 
prop] "n comp\nd$ ( two words %\ld be   
treat$ z a comp\nd ) a hyph52           
,ea/-,indian1 ,new-,york]4 ,if ! "n is n
 inflect$ ?is rule does n apply2 ,ea/   
,india ,company1 ,new ,york man4  ,,viii
 ,any pair or s]ies ( words arbitr>ily  
associat$ 9 a jo9t s5se diff]5t f _!    
s5se :5 us$ sep>ately1 %\ld be comp\nd$2
 workman-l1 w>like4   ,,compon5ts ,,(   
,,comp\nds  ,comp\nds hav+ ! =ce ( n\ns 
may be made up 9 sev]al ways4       #a4 
,two n\ns us$ 9 o!r ?an _! natural      
signification2         claw-hamm]4      
#b4 ,a n\n & an adjective us$ 9 o!r ?an 
_! natural         signification2       
great-uncle1 dry-goods4       #c4 ,a n\n
 & an adv]b2 t\*-d[n1 hold]-=?4         
#d4 ,a n\n & an adv]b2 d[n-draft1       

fl>e-back4       #e4 ,a n\n & a v]b2    
"k-no?+1 draw-b>4       #f4 ,a n\n & a  
preposition2 betwe5-decks4       #g4    
,two adjectives2 high-l[1 wide-awake4   
#h4 ,two v]bs2 make-believe4       #i4  
,a v]b & an adv]b2 cut-(f1 break-up4    
#aj4 ,a v]b & a preposition2 to-d1      
g-betwe54  ,comp\nds hav+ ! =ce (       
adjectives may be made up 9 sev]al ways4
       #a4 ,a gr\p ( words compact$ into
 "o idea2         nev]-to-be-=gott54    
#b4 ,two adjectives2 :ite-hot1 a%y-blue4
       #c4 ,an adjective & a p>ticiple  
or n\n & suffix simulat+ a              
p>ticiple2 odd-look+1 =eign-born1       
b[-legg$4       #d4 ,an adjective & a   
n\n2 fire-new1 type-high4       #e4 ,a  
n\n & a p>ticiple 7or n\n & suffix      
simulat+ a         p>ticiple72 h&-pr9t$1
 peace-mak+4       #f4 ,an adv]b & an   
adjective us$ toge!r be=e a n\n2        
well-br$1 long-ext5d$4       #g4 ,two   
n\ns us$ adjectively be=e ano!r n\n2    
cotton-se$         oil1 %oe-sew+ ma*9e1 
,sunday-s*ool tea*]4       #h4 ,an      

adjective & a n\n us$ toge!r be=e a n\n2
         civil-s]vice exam9ation1       
free-trade lit]ature1 fre%-wat]         
sailor4       #i4 ,a v]b & a n\n2 ,john 
,lack-l&4  ,f\r comp\nds occur ) ! =ce (
 v]bs4       #a4 ,two v]bs2             
balance-reef4       #b4 ,a v]b & a n\n2 
silv]-plate1 h\se-break4       #c4 ,a   
v]b & an adjective2 cold-press1         
f9e-/ill4       #d4 ,a v]b & an adv]b2  
cross-exam9e4  ,sev]al comb9ations are  
us$ ) ! =ce ( adv]bs4       #a4 ,two    
adv]bs2 upright1 h5ce=?4       #b4 ,a   
n\n & an adv]b2 bra9-sickly4       #c4  
,an adjective & an adv]b 7or comp\nd    
adjective ) suffix1         simulat+ an 
adv]b72 /\t-he>t$ly1 ill-natur$ly4      
#d4 ,an adjective & a v]b2 broadca/4    
#e4 ,two n\ns2 piecemeal1 half-ma/4     
#f4 ,a n\n & an adjective2 co/-free1    
po9tblank4       #g4 ,a n\n & a         
preposition2 d[n-/airs1 above-bo>d1     
(fh&4   ,,rules ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,!   
,,hyph5  #a4 ,hyph5ate n\ns =m$ by !    
comb9ation ( two n\ns /&+ 9 objective   

relation to ea* o!r1 t is1 "o ( ^:      
compon5ts is d]iv$ f a transitive v]b3  
well-wi%]             wood-turn+        
m9d-read]             *ild-/udy         
(fice-hold]           clay-model+  ,:5  
su* comp\nds are 9 v common use1 &      
especially :5 !y h a specific or        
te*nical mean+1 !y are pr9t$ solid2     
typewrit]              /ockhold]        
pro(read]             copyhold]         
lawgiv]                dressmak]  #b4   
,hyph5ate a comb9ation ( a pres5t       
p>ticiple ) a n\n :5 ! mean+ ( !        
comb9ation is diff]5t f t ( ! two words 
tak5 sep>ately2 bo>d+-h\se1 sleep+-c>1  
walk+-/ick4  #c4 ,hyph5ate a comb9ation 
( a pres5t p>ticiple ) a preposition us$
 absolutely 7n gov]n+ ! foll[+ n\n72 !  
putt+-9 or tak+-out ( a hyph54  #d4 ,z a
 rule comp\nds ( book1 h\se1 w1 room1   
%op1 & "w %\ld be pr9t$ solid :5 !      
prefix$ n\n has "o syllable2 %\ld be    
hyph5at$ :5 x conta9s two2 %\ld be pr9t$
 9 two sep>ate words :5 x conta9s ?ree  
or m2       h&book1 notebook1 /ory-book1

 pocket-book1 ref]5ce      book4        
clubh\se1 /oreh\se1 eng9e-h\se1         
p[]-h\se1      bus9ess-h\se4            
h&mill1 sawmill1 wat]-mill1 pap]-mill1  
*ocolate      mill4       classroom1    
lecture-room1 recitation room4          
t9%op1 tailor-%op1 c>p5t] %op4          
woodwork1 metal-"w1 filigree "w4        
,unusual comb9ations su* z s\rce-book & 
:eat-mill are sometimes hyph5at$1 & !   
hyph5 is sometimes omitt$ = ! sake ( !  
appe>ance z 9 s*ool "w4  #e4 ,comp\nds (
 mak]1 deal]1 & o!r words d5ot+         
occupation are g5]ally hyph5at$2        
h>ness-mak]1 job-pr9t]4  ,! t5d5cy is to
 pr9t ^! words solid :5 !y come into v  
common use2 dressmak]4  #f4 ,hyph5ate   
n\ns :5 comb9$ 9 an adjectival s5se be=e
 ! "n ( ! same p]son2 ! m>tyr-presid5t  
,l9coln1 ! poet-arti/ ,rosetti4  #g4    
,comp\nds ( /ore are g5]ally hyph5at$ :5
 ! prefix conta9s "o syllable1 o!rwise  
n2 drug-/ore1 fruit-/ore 7b book/ore71  
provision /ore4  #h4 ,comp\nds ( fell[  
are hyph5at$2 fell[-be+1 play-fell[1 b  

b$fell[4  #i4 ,comp\nds ( fa!r1 "m1     
bro!r1 si/]1 daught]1 p>5t1 & fo/] %\ld 
be hyph5at$ :5 ! ^w 9 "q =ms ! fir/ "p (
 ! comp\nd2 fa!r-love1 "m-c\ntry1       
bro!r-(fic]1 si/]-/ate1 daught]-cell1   
p>5t-^w1 fo/]-bro!r1 b 7by exception7   
fa!rl&4  #aj4 ,hyph5ate comp\nds ( great
 9 phrases indicat+ degrees ( desc5t2   
great-gr&mo!r1 great-great-gr&fa!r4     
#aa4 ,hyph5ate comp\nds ( life & _w2    
life-hi/ory1 _w-influ5ce1 b 7by         
exception7 lifetime4  #ab4 ,comp\nds (  
sk9 ) words ( "o syllable are pr9t$     
solid1 o!rwise z two sep>ate words2     
calfsk91 %eepsk91 alligator sk94  #ac4  
,hyph5ate comp\nds ( ma/]2 ma/]-build]1 
ma/]-/roke1 b 7by exception7 ma/]piece4 
#ad4 ,hyph5ate comp\nds ( god :5 ?is ^w 
=ms ! second elem5t2 sun-god1 w>-god1   
gods5d1 godson4  #ae4 ,hyph5ate comp\nds
 ( half & qu>t]2 half-tru?1             
qu>t]-circle1 half-title1 b on acc\nt ( 
diff]5ce 9 mean+ ( qu>t]1 qu>t]ma/]1    
headqu>t]s4  #af4 ,^! prefixes          
ante-     infra-     re-      anti-     

int]-     semi-      bi-       intra-   
sub-      co-       pre-       sup]-    
demi-     po/-      tri-  are ord9>ily  
jo9$ to ! ^w ) :i* !y are us$ )\t a     
hyph51 except :5 foll[$ by ! same lett] 
z t ) :i* !y t]m9ate or by w or y2      
ante*amb]             po/-temporal      
antiseptic              po/-graduate    
anti-imp]iali/ic      pre>range         
bi5nial                pre-empt         
bip>tisan              reca/            
co-equal                re-ent]         
co-ord9ate             semiannual       
demigod                 subconsci\s     
infram>g9al           subtitle          
int]national           sup]f9e          
int]sp]se             tricolor          
intramural              co-work]s       
intra-atomic            co-yield        
,exceptions are  7a7 ,comb9ations )     
prop] names or adjectives d]iv$ !refrom1
 & long or unusual comp\nds2            
ante-bellum             si/]-univ]sity  
anti-lic5se            po/-revolution>y 
anti-security           pre-,raphaelite 

demi-relievo            re-tammanize    
7b7 ,words 9 :i* ! omission ( ! hyph5   
w\ld alt] ! s5se2       re-=mation      
re=mation      re-cov]                  
recov]      re-creation                 
recreation  #ag4 ,! negative prefixes   
un1 91 il1 im1 & a d n take a hyph5     
except 9 v r>e or artificial            
comb9ations2 unmanly1 invisible1        
illimitable1 imp5etrable1 asymmetrical4 
,! negative prefix non calls = a hyph5  
except 9 v common words2                
non-exi/5t            non-combatant     
non-int]f]5ce        nons5se            
non-unioni/            noness5tial  #ah4
 ,! prefixes quasi1 extra1 supra1 ultra1
 & pan call = a hyph52                  
quasi-hi/orical        supra-normal     
quasi-corporation                       
ultra-cons]vative      extra-mural      
,pan-,g]manism       ,ultramonta9e1     
probably because a specific p>ty        
designation1 is      always pr9t$ solid4
  #ai4 ,ov] & "u d n ord9>ily call = a  
hyph52 ov]emphasize1 und]f$1 b          

ov]-c>eful1 ov]-spirituali/ic4  #bj4    
,comb9ations hav+ self & by z ! fir/    
elem5t ( ! comp\nd call = a hyph52      
self-evid5t1 self-respect+1 by-law1     
by-product1 b selfhood1 selfi%1 &       
selfsame4  #ba4 ,comb9ations ( fold are 
pr9t$ z "o ^w if ! numb] conta9s only "o
 syllable b z two if x conta9s m ?an "o2
       tw(old                 fifte5    
fold      t5fold                 a      
hundr$ fold  #bb4 ,adjectives =m$ by a  
n\n prec$+ l d n take a hyph5 if ! n\n  
is a monosyllable1 except :5 end+ 9 l or
 a prop] n\n2 if ! n\n conta9s m ?an "o 
syllable a hyph5 %\ld be us$2 *ildlike1 
w>like1 catlike1 bell-l1 ,napoleon-l1 b 
7by exception7 ,*ri/like4  #bc4 ,vice1  
elect1 ex1 g5]al1 & lieut5ant z p>ts (  
titles are connect$ ) ! *ief n\n by a   
hyph52 vice-consul1 ex-presid5t1        
gov]nor-elect1 po/ma/]-g5]al1           
lieut5ant-colonel4  #bd4 ,today1        
tonight1 & tomorr[ are pr9t$ )\t a      
hyph54  #be4 ,9 fractional numb]s spell$
 out connect ! num]ator & d5om9ator by a

 hyph54 ,! day is ?ree-qu>t]s gone1 f\r 
& five-eigh?s1 ?irty-hundr$?s1 n9ety-two
 ?\s&?s4  ,d n use ! hyph5 9 an in/ance 
z ,"o half ! bus9ess is own$ by ,mr4    
,jones1 "o qu>t] by ,mr4 ,smi?1 & "o    
eigh? ea* by ,mr4 ,br[ne & ,mr4         
,rob9son4  #bf4 ,:]e two or m comp\nd   
words occur toge!r hav+ "o ( _!         
compon5ts 9 common1 ?is compon5t is (t5 
omitt$ f all b ! la/ ^w & ! omission    
indicat$ by a hyph52       ,fr5*-&      
,spani%-speak+ c\ntries1 wood-iron-&    
/eel-"w1 "o-two-?ree-f\r & five-c5t     
/amps4       ,?is usage is object$ to 9 
"s (fices z be+ a ,g]maniz$      =m4 ,x 
is h[ev]1 less ambigu\s ?an :]e ! hyph5 
is      omitt$ & is !re=e pref]able4    
#bg4 ,ord9al numb]s comp\nd$ ) n\ns take
 ! hyph5 9 su* expressions z second-h&1 
fir/-rate1 & ! l4  #bh4 ,num]als ( "o   
syllable take a hyph5 9 comp\nds )      
self-explanatory words su* z f\r-foot$1 
"o-ey$1 & ! l4  #bi4 ,num]als comp\nd$ )
 n\ns to =m an adjective take ! hyph52  
twelve-in* rule1 ?ree-horse team1       

six-po9t lead4  #cj4 ,! hyph5 is us$ 9  
comp\nd+ a n\n 9 ! possessive case )    
ano!r n\n2 jew's-h>p1 cr['s-ne/4  #ca4  
,! hyph5 is us$ ) mo/ comp\nds ( tree2  
apple-tree1 qu9ce-tree1 b n :5 a        
p>ticul> object1 n a tree 7vegetable71  
is meant2 :ippletree1 cros/ree4  #cb4   
,use ! hyph5 9 comp\nd+ two adjectives  
g5]ally1 especially p]sonal epi!ts2     
ask$-= op9ion1 sea-isl& cotton1         
dry-plate process1 h>d-head$1           
/rong-arm$1 broad-%\ld]$4  #cc4 ,! hyph5
 is n us$ 9 po9ts ( ! compass unless    
d\bly comp\nd$2 nor!a/1 s\?we/1         
nor?-nor!a/1 s\?-s\?we/ by s\?4  #cd4   
,comp\nds end+ ) man or woman are run   
solid2 pressman1 =ewoman4  #ce4 ,omit ! 
hyph5 9 su* phrases z by & by1 by ! bye1
 good morn+ 7except :5 us$ adjectively1 
a good-morn+ greet+17 attorney at law1  
coat ( arms4  #cf4 ,comp\nds end+ 9     
hold] & mong] are run solid2 bondhold]1 
*eesemong]4  #cg4 ,comp\nds beg9n+ ) eye
 are run solid2 eyeglass1 eyewitness4   
#ch4 ,comp\nds unless v unusual1 beg9n+ 

) deut]o1 electro1 pseudo1 sulpho1 !rmo1
 etc41 are run solid2 electrotype1      
pseudonym1 !rmo/at4  #ci4 ,d n sep>ate  
mean:ile     any:]e       somebody      
meantime      anybody        someh[     
moreov]      anyh[         some?+       
=ev]       any?+       sometime         
ev]y:]e    anyway         some:at       
some:]e  ,9 phrases l 9 ! meantime &    
=ev] & ev] ! words are pr9t$ sep>ately4 
,any "o & "s "o are sep>ate words4  #dj4
 ,9 comp\nds ( color ! hyph5 is n us$   
except :5 a n\n is us$ ) an adjective to
 specify color2 r$di%-br[n1 gray-:ite1  
lemon-yell[1 olive-gre51 silv]-gray4    
#da4 ,foll[+ is a li/ ( words ( ev]yday 
occurr5ce :i* %\ld be hyph5at$1 & :i* d 
n fall "u any ( ! above classifications4
       aft]-ye>s       food-/uff        
sea-level      bas-relief               
gu9ea-pig     s5se-p]ception            
bir?-rate        horse-p[]    son-9-law 
blood-relations   loan-^w               
subject-matt]      common-s5se          
man-(-w>     ?\ght-process              

cross-exam9e     object-lesson          
title-page      cross-ref]5ce           
page-pro(     wave-l5g?                 
cross-section     pay-roll              
well-be+      dea?-rate        poor-law 
well-nigh      folk-song                
po/-(fice    w-p[]      f\nta9-head  ,^!
 rules are ! cons5sus ( op9ion ( a      
consid]able numb] ( good au?orities f   
,de,vinne 7#aija7 to ,manly & ,p[ell    
7#aiac74 ,! great practical difficulty  
is t au?orities diff] z to _!           
application4 ,de,vinne uses ! di]esis   
in/ead ( ! hyph5 9 su* cases z co-op]ate
 or pre-em95t1 writ+ cop]ate1 prem95t4  
,_m ( ! rules h exceptions & au?orities 
diff] z to ! ext5t ( ! exceptions4 ,!re 
are _m diff]5ces 9 ! great numb] (      
unclassifi$ comp\nds4 ,= example1 ,manly
 & ,p[ell write coat-(-arms1 :ile       
,orcutt writes coat ( arms4 ,common     
usage omits ! hyph5 f po/ (fice except  
:5 us$ z an adjective1 e4 g41 po/-(fice 
acc\nts4  ,a /rict adh]5ce to ! rules   
giv5 w\ld probably result1 n 9 bad      

composition1 b 9 a mu* great] use (     
hyph5s ?an w\ld be f\nd on ! pages ( _m 
rec5t books f ! presses ( "s ( ! be/    
publi%]s4 ,?is is due p>tly to ! fact t 
usage has nev] be5 /rictly uni=m & p>tly
 to ! con/ant progressive *ange not$ at 
! beg9n+ ( ?is /udy4 ,we are gradually  
discont9u+ ! use ( ! hyph5 j z we are   
dim9i%+ our use ( capital lett]s1       
punctuation m>ks1 & italics4  ,!        
compositor %\ld gr\nd himself ?or\ghly 9
 ! pr9ciples & rules4 ,he %\ld le>n !   
be/ usage ) reg>d to special words &    
phrases4 ,he %\ld ma/] ! (fice /yle4 ,he
 %\ld foll[ copy if ! au?or has di/9ct &
 def9ite ideas :i* are n absolutely     
wrong & w\ld n introduce inconsi/5cies 9
 magaz9es & ! l by violat+ ! (fice /yle 
:i* is foll[$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! same       
publication4 ,if x is cle> t ! au?or    
kn[s :at he wants1 ! compositor %\ld    
foll[ copy4 ,que/ions ( correctness &   
con=mity to /yle belong n to him b to ! 
copy editor & pro(read]4                
,,supplem5t>y ,,read+   ,engli% ,comp\nd

 ,words & ,phrases4 ,by ,francis ,horace
 ,teall4 ,funk       ,wagnalls1 ,new    
,york4  ,! ,comp\nd+ ( ,engli% ,words1  
,:5 & ,:y ,jo9+ or ,sep>ation      is   
,pref]able4 ,by ,francis ,horace ,teall4
 ,j4 ,irel&1 ,new ,york4  ,correct      
,composition4 ,by ,!odore ,l4 ,de ,v9ne4
 ,! ,oswald ,publi%+ ,co41      ,new    
,york4  ,a ,manual = ,writ]s4 ,by ,john 
,mat!ws ,manly & ,john ,ar?ur ,p[ell4   
,! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,press1 ,*icago4
  ,! ,writ]'s ,desk ,book4 ,by ,william 
,dana ,orcutt4 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,co41
      ,new ,york4     ,,que/ions   #a4  
,:at is meant by a comp\nd8  #b4 ,:at is
 ! purpose ( a comp\nd8  #c4 ,9 :at ?ree
 =ms d comp\nds appe>8  #d4 ,:]e %\ld we
 expect to f9d guidance 9 ! *oice ( ^!  
=ms8  #e4 ,d we s f9d x1 & :y8  #f4 ,:at
 t5d5cy is obs]vable 9 usage reg>d+     
comp\nds8  #g4 ,:at c ! pr9t] d8  #h4   
,give ,teall's rules1 & %[ ! application
 ( ea*4  #i4 ,:at is ! influ5ce ( acc5t 
9 comp\nd+8  #aj4 ,:at is ! rule ab\t   
two n\ns us$ toge!r to =m a "n8  #aa4   

,:at is ! rule ab\t names compos$ ( a   
pla9 n\n & a v]bal n\n8  #ab4 ,h[ are   
possessive phrases us$ z specific names 
treat$8  #ac4 ,:at is ! rule ab\t       
phrases us$ z specific names8  #ad4 ,h[ 
d y write a pair ( words us$ z a "n :5 !
 second ^w is a n\n & ! fir/ n really an
 adjective8  #ae4 ,h[ d y treat two     
words1 n n\ns1 arbitr>ily us$ z a "n8   
#af4 ,h[ d y treat a comp\nd consi/+ ( a
 suffix & a comp\nd prop] "n8  #ag4 ,h[ 
d y treat words s associat$ t _! jo9t   
s5se is diff]5t f _! sep>ate s5se8  #ah4
 ,h[ may comp\nds hav+ ! =ce ( n\ns be  
made up8  #ai4 ,h[ may comp\nds hav+ !  
=ce ( adjectives be made up8  #bj4 ,h[  
may comp\nds hav+ ! =ce ( v]bs be made  
up8  #ba4 ,h[ may comp\nds hav+ ! =ce ( 
adv]bs be made up8  #bb4 ,h[ are comp\nd
 n\ns writt5 :5 "o ( ! compon5ts is     
d]iv$ f a transitive v]b8  #bc4 ,h[ is a
 comp\nd ( a pres5t p>ticiple & a n\n   
writt58  #bd4 ,h[ is a comp\nd ( a      
pres5t p>ticiple & a preposition treat$8
  #be4 ,:at is ! usage 9 comp\nds (     

book1 h\se1 w1 room1 %op1 & "w8  #bf4   
,h[ are comp\nds ( mak] & deal] writt58 
#bg4 ,:at is done :5 n\ns are comb9$ 9 a
 descriptive phrase be=e a "n ( a p]son8
  #bh4 ,h[ are comp\nds ( /ore treat$8  
#bi4 ,h[ are comp\nds ( fell[ treat$8   
#cj4 ,h[ are comp\nds ( fa!r1 "m1 bro!r1
 si/]1 daught]1 p>5t1 & fo/] treat$8    
#ca4 ,:at comp\nds ( great are hyph5at$8
  #cb4 ,h[ are comp\nds ( life & _w     
treat$8  #cc4 ,:at is ! rule ab\t       
comp\nds ( sk98  #cd4 ,h[ are comp\nds (
 ma/] treat$8  #ce4 ,:at is ! rule ab\t 
comp\nds ( god8  #cf4 ,give fifte5      
common prefixes & tell h[ !y are us$1   
/at+ exceptions4  #cg4 ,:at are !       
negative prefixes & h[ are !y us$8  #ch4
 ,:at is ! rule ab\t ! prefixes quasi1  
extra1 supra1 ultra1 & pan8  #ci4 ,:at  
is ! rule ab\t ov] & "u8  #dj4 ,:at is !
 rule ab\t comp\nds ( self & by8  #da4  
,h[ are comp\nds ( fold treat$8  #db4   
,:at is ! rule ab\t comp\nds ( a n\n    
foll[$ by l8  #dc4 ,h[ are titles treat$
 :5 comp\nd$ ) vice1 elect1 ex1 g5]al1 &

 lieut5ant8  #dd4 ,h[ d y write ?ree    
famili> comp\nds d5ot+ "t8  #de4 ,h[    
%\ld y treat fractional numb]s spell$   
out8  #df4 ,:at is done :5 two or m     
comp\nd words ) a common compon5t occur 
9 succession8  #dg4 ,h[ d y write       
comp\nds ( ord9al numb]s & n\ns8  #dh4  
,:at rule is giv5 ab\t num]als ( "o     
syllable8  #di4 ,:at rule is giv5 ab\t  
num]als comp\nd$ ) n\ns8  #ej4 ,h[ d y  
treat a comp\nd ( two n\ns "o 9 !       
possessive case8  #ea4 ,h[ are comp\nds 
( tree treat$8  #eb4 ,:at is ! rule ab\t
 comp\nds ( two adjectives8  #ec4 ,:at  
is ! rule ab\t po9ts ( ! compass8  #ed4 
,:at %\ld y d ) comp\nds end+ 9 man or  
woman8  #ee4 ,give c]ta9 common typical 
phrases :i* omit ! hyph54  #ef4 ,h[ d y 
treat comp\nds end+ 9 hold] & mong]8    
#eg4 ,h[ d y treat comp\nds beg9n+ )    
eye8  #eh4 ,:at is said ( comp\nds      
beg9n+ ) deut]o1 electro1 pseudo1       
sulpho1 !rmo1 & ! l8  #ei4 ,give "s     
common comp\nds :i* are always run      
solid4  #fj4 ,h[ are comp\nds ( color   

treat$8  #fa4 ,are ^! rules univ]sally  
foll[$8  #fb4 ,:at is ! duty ( !        
compositor 9 ^! cases1 especially :5    
d\btful8  ,9 ?is volume1 z 9 s _m 9 ?is 
section1 mu* dep5ds ^u practice drills4 
,! memoriz+ ( rules is difficult & is ( 
v little use unless accompani$ by a     
great deal ( practice s t ! appr5tice w 
become s ?or\ghly famili> ) !m t he w   
apply !m at once )\t consci\s ?\ght4 ,he
 %\ld no m ?9k ( ! rule :5 he writes    
fell[-man1 ?an he ?9ks ( !              
multiplication table :5 he says sev5    
times eight are fifty-six4 ,?is drill   
may be giv5 9 sev]al ways1 by ask+ !    
/ud5t to expla9 ! use or omission (     
hyph5s 9 pr9t$ matt]1 by giv+ writt5    
matt] purposely incorrect 9 p>ts & ask+ 
him to set x correctly1 or by giv+      
dictations & hav+ ! appr5tice write out 
! matt] & !n set x up4 ,lat]1 :5 x w n  
be too wa/eful ( "t1 ! appr5tice c be   
giv5 ! ord9>y run ( copy z cu/om]s s5d x
 9 & told to set x 9 correct =m4 ,he w  
probably f9d en\gh errors 9 x to te/ 8 k

 ( comp\nd+ & ( _m o!r ?+s4             
,,typographic ,,te*nical ,,s]ies ,,=    
,,appr5tices   ,! foll[+ li/ (          
publications1 compris+ ! ,,typographic  
,,te*nical ,,s]ies ,,= ,,appr5tices1 has
 be5 prep>$ "u ! sup]vision ( !         
,committee on ,education ( ! ,unit$     
,typo!tae ( ,am]ica = use 9 trade       
classes1 9 c\rse ( pr9t+ in/ruction1 &  
by individuals4  ,ea* publication has   
be5 compil$ by a compet5t au?or or gr\p 
( au?ors1 & c>efully edit$1 ! purpose   
be+ to provide ! pr9t]s ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates--employ]s1 j\rneym51 &           
appr5tices--) a compreh5sive s]ies ( h&y
 & inexp5sive comp5diums ( reliable1    
up-to-date in=mation ^u ! v>i\s bran*es 
& specialties ( ! pr9t+ craft1 all      
arrang$ 9 ord]ly fa%ion = progressive   
/udy4  ,! publications ( ! s]ies are (  
uni=m size1 #e x #h in*es4 ,_! g5]al    
make-up1 9 typography1 illu/rations1    
etc41 has be51 z f> z practicable1 kept 
9 h>mony ?r\gh\t4 ,a brief synopsis ( ! 
p>ticul> cont5ts & o!r *ief features (  

ea* volume w be f\nd "u ea* title 9 !   
foll[+ li/4  ,ea* topic is treat$ 9 a   
concise mann]1 ! aim be+ to embody 9 ea*
 publication z completely z possible all
 ! rudim5t>y in=mation & ess5tial facts 
necess>y to an und]/&+ ( ! subject4 ,c>e
 has be5 tak5 to make all /atem5ts      
accurate & cle>1 ) ! purpose ( br++     
ess5tial in=mation )9 ! und]/&+ (       
beg9n]s 9 ! diff]5t fields ( /udy4      
,:]ev] practicable1 simple & well-def9$ 
draw+s & illu/rations h be5 us$ to assi/
 9 giv+ additional cle>ness to ! text4  
,9 ord] t ! pamphlets may be ( ! greate/
 possible help = use 9 trade-s*ool      
classes & = self-in/ruction1 ea* title  
is accompani$ by a li/ ( ,review        
,que/ions cov]+ ess5tial items ( !      
subject matt]4 ,a %ort ,gloss>y (       
te*nical t]ms belong+ to ! subject or   
dep>tm5t treat$ is also add$ to _m ( !  
books4  ,^! are ! ,(ficial ,text-books (
 ! ,unit$ ,typo!tae ( ,am]ica4  ,address
 all ord]s & inquiries to ,,committee   
,,on ,,education1 ,,unit$ ,,typo!tae ,,(

 ,,am]ica1 ,,*icago1 ,,ill9ois1 ,u4 ,s4 
,a4   ,,"p ,i--,types1 ,tools1 ,ma*9es1 
& ,mat]ials  #a4 ,type3 a ,prim] (      
,in=mation                      ,by ,a4 
,a4 ,/ew>t       ,relat+ to ! me*anical 
features ( pr9t+ types2 _! sizes1       
font s*emes1 etc41 ) a brief description
 ( _! manufacture4      #dd pp42        
illu/rat$2 #gd review que/ions2 gloss>y4
  #b4 ,compositors' ,tools & ,mat]ials  
,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t       ,a prim] (     
in=mation ab\t compos+ /icks1 galleys1  
leads1      brass rules1 cutt+ & mit]+  
ma*9es1 etc4 #dg pp42      illu/rat$2   
#ej review que/ions2 gloss>y4  #c4 ,type
 ,cases1 ,compos+ ,room ,furniture      
,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t       ,a prim] (     
in=mation ab\t type cases1 "w /&s1      
cab9ets1      case racks1 galley racks1 
/&+ galleys1 etc4 #dc pp42              
illu/rat$2 #cc review que/ions2 gloss>y4
  #d4 ,impos+ ,tables & ,lock-up        
,appliances             ,by ,a4 ,a4     
,/ew>t       ,describ+ ! tools &        
mat]ials us$ 9 lock+ up =ms = !         

press1 includ+ "s mod]n utilities =     
special purposes4 #ei      pp42         
illu/rat$2 #gj review que/ions2 gloss>y4
  #e4 ,pro( ,presses                    
,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t       ,a prim] (     
in=mation ab\t ! cu/om>y me?ods & ma*9es
      = tak+ pr9t]s' pro(s4 #dj pp42    
illu/rat$2 #da review      que/ions2    
gloss>y4  #f4 ,plat5 ,pr9t+ ,presses    
,by ,daniel ,bak]       ,a prim] (      
in=mation reg>d+ ! hi/ory & me*anical   
con/ruction ( plat5 pr9t+ presses1 f !  
orig9al h&      press to ! mod]n job    
press1 to :i* is add$ a *apt] on        
automatic presses ( small size4 #ea pp42
 illu/rat$2 #di review      que/ions2   
gloss>y4  #g4 ,cyl9d] ,pr9t+ ,presses   
,by ,h]b]t ,l4 ,bak]       ,be+ a /udy (
 ! me*anism & op]ation ( ! pr9cipal     
types      ( cyl9d] pr9t+ ma*9es4 #fd   
pp42 illu/rat$2 #dg review              
que/ions2 gloss>y4  #h4 ,me*anical      
,fe$]s & ,fold]s               ,by      
,william ,e4 ,spurri]       ,! hi/ory & 
op]ation ( mod]n fe$+ & fold+ ma*9es2   

) h9ts on _! c>e & adju/m5ts4           
,illu/rat$2 review      que/ions2       
gloss>y4  #i4 ,p[] = ,ma*9]y 9 ,pr9t+   
,h\ses             ,by ,c>l ,f4 ,scott  
,a treatise on ! me?ods ( apply+ p[] to 
pr9t+ presses &      alli$ ma*9]y )     
p>ticul> ref]5ce to electric drive4 #ec 
pp42 illu/rat$2 #fi review que/ions2    
gloss>y4  #aj4 ,pap] ,cutt+ ,ma*9es     
,by ,niel ,gray1 ,jr4       ,a prim] (  
in=mation ab\t pap] & c>d trimm]s1      
h&-lev]      cutt]s1 p[] cutt]s1 & o!r  
automatic ma*9es = cutt+      pap]4 #gj 
pp42 illu/rat$2 #aae review que/ions2   
gloss>y4  #aa4 ,pr9t]s' ,roll]s         
,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t       ,a prim] (     
in=mation ab\t ! composition1           
manufacture1 &      c>e ( ink+ roll]s4  
#df pp42 illu/rat$2 #fa review que/ions2
      gloss>y4  #ab4 ,pr9t+ ,inks       
,by ,philip ,ruxton       ,_!           
composition1 prop]ties & manufacture    
7repr9t$ by      p]mission f ,circul>   
,no4 #ec1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,bureau (       
,/&>ds72 toge!r ) "s helpful sugge/ions 

ab\t !      ev]yday use ( pr9t+ inks by 
,philip ,ruxton4 #hj pp42 #ajj review   
que/ions2 gloss>y4  #ac4 ,h[ ,pap] is   
,made                      ,by ,william 
,bond ,:eelwright       ,a prim] (      
in=mation ab\t ! mat]ials & processes ( 
manufactur+ pap] = pr9t+ & writ+4 #fh   
pp42 illu/rat$2      #fb review         
que/ions2 gloss>y4  #ad4 ,relief        
,engrav+s                               
,by ,joseph ,p4 ,donovan       ,brief   
hi/ory & non-te*nical description (     
mod]n me?ods (      engrav+2 woodcut1   
z9c plate1 halftone2 k9d ( copy =       
reproduction2 ?+s to rememb] :5 ord]+   
engrav+s4      ,illu/rat$2 review       
que/ions2 gloss>y4  #ae4 ,electrotyp+ & 
,/]eotyp+  ,by ,h>ris ,b4 ,hat* & ,a4   
,a4 ,/ew>t       ,a prim] ( in=mation   
ab\t ! processes ( electrotyp+ &        
/]eotyp+4 #id pp42 illu/rat$2 #abi      
review que/ions2      gloss>ies4   ,,"p 
,,ii--,h& & ,ma*9e ,composition  #af4   
,typesett+                              
,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t       ,a h&book =    

beg9n]s1 giv+ in=mation ab\t ju/ify+1   
spac+1 correct+1 & o!r matt]s relat+ to 
typesett+4      ,illu/rat$2 review      
que/ions2 gloss>y4  #ag4 ,pr9t]s' ,pro(s
                                  ,by   
,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t       ,! me?ods by :i* !y
 are made1 m>k$1 & correct$1 )          
obs]vations on pro(read+4 ,illu/rat$2   
review que/ions2      gloss>y4  #ah4    
,fir/ ,/eps 9 ,job ,composition         
,by ,camille ,de,vze       ,sugge/ions =
 ! appr5tice compositor 9 sett+ 8 fir/  
jobs1 especially ab\t ! important little
 ?+s :i* g to make      good display 9  
typography4 #fc pp42 examples2 #ee      
review que/ions2      gloss>y4  #ai4    
,g5]al ,job ,composition       ,h[ ! job
 compositor h&les bus9ess /ation]y1     
programs &      miscellane\s "w4        
,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4   
#bj4 ,book ,composition                 
,by ,j4 ,w4 ,bo?well       ,*apt]s f    
,de,vinne's ,mod]n ,me?ods ( ,book      
,composition1      revis$ & arrang$ =   
?is s]ies ( text-books by ,j4 ,w4       

,bo?well ( ,! ,de,vinne ,press1 ,new    
,york4 ,"p ,i3 ,composition (           
pages4 ,"p ,,ii3 ,imposition ( pages4   
#bbi pp42 illu/rat$2 #ebe      review   
que/ions2 gloss>y4  #ba4 ,tabul>        
,composition                            
,by ,rob]t ,seav]       ,a /udy ( !     
elem5t>y =ms ( table composition1 )     
examples      ( m difficult composition4
 #cf pp42 examples2 #de review          
que/ions4  #bb4 ,appli$ ,ari?metic      
,by ,e4 ,e4 ,%eldon       ,elem5t>y     
ari?metic appli$ to problems ( ! pr9t+  
trade1      calculation ( mat]ials1 pap]
 weights & sizes1 ) /&>d      tables &  
rules = computation1 ea* subject        
amplifi$ )      examples & ex]cises4    
#aei pp4  #bc4 ,typeca/+ & ,compos+     
,ma*9es            ,a4 ,w4 ,f9lay1      
,editor      ,section ,i--,! ,l9otype   
,by ,l4 ,a4 ,horn/e9     ,section       
,,ii--,! ,monotype                      
,by ,joseph ,hays     ,section ,,iii--,!
 ,int]type                      ,by     
,h5ry ,w4 ,cozz5s     ,section          

,,iv--,o!r ,typeca/+ & ,typesett+       
,ma*9es                            ,by  
,frank ,h4 ,smi?       ,a brief hi/ory (
 typesett+ ma*9es1 ) descriptions ( _!  
me*anical pr9ciples & op]ations4        
,illu/rat$2 review      que/ions2       
gloss>y4   ,,"p ,,iii--,imposition &    
,/onework  #bd4 ,lock+ ,=ms = ! ,job    
,press                  ,by ,frank ,s4  
,h5ry       ,?+s ! appr5tice %\ld "k    
ab\t lock+ up small =ms1 &      ab\t    
g5]al "w on ! /one4 ,illu/rat$2 review  
que/ions2      gloss>y4  #be4 ,prep>+   
,=ms = ! ,cyl9d] ,press           ,by   
,frank ,s4 ,h5ry       ,pamphlet &      
catalog imposition2 m>g9s2 fold m>ks1   
etc4 ,me?ods      ( h&l+ type =ms &     
electrotype =ms4 ,illu/rat$2 review     
que/ions2 gloss>y4   ,,"p               
,,iv--,presswork  #bf4 ,mak+ ,ready on  
,plat5 ,presses                     ,by 
,t4 ,g4 ,mc,grew       ,! ess5tial p>ts 
( a press & _! functions2 di/9ctive     
features ( commonly us$ ma*9es4 ,prep>+ 
! tympan1      regulat+ ! impression1   

und]lay+ & ov]lay+1 sett+      gauges1 &
 o!r details expla9$4 ,illu/rat$2 review
 que/ions2      gloss>y4  #bg4 ,cyl9d]  
,presswork                              
,by ,t4 ,g4 ,mc,grew       ,prep>+ !    
press2 adju/m5t ( b$ & cyl9d]1 =m       
roll]s1      ink f\nta91 gripp]s &      
deliv]y sy/ems4 ,und]lay+ &             
ov]lay+2 mod]n ov]lay me?ods4           
,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2            
gloss>y4  #bh4 ,pressroom ,h9ts & ,helps
                     ,by ,*>les ,l4     
,dunton       ,describ+ "s practical    
me?ods ( pressroom "w1 )      directions
 & useful in=mation relat+ to a v>iety (
      pr9t+-press problems4 #hg pp42    
#agf review que/ions4  #bi4             
,reproductive ,processes ( ! ,graphic   
,arts          ,by ,a4 ,w4 ,elson       
,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t ! di/9ctive   
features ( !      relief1 ! intaglio1 & 
! planographic processes ( pr9t+4       
#hd pp42 illu/rat$2 #ajj review         
que/ions2 gloss>y4   ,,"p ,v--,pamphlet 
& ,book ,b9d+  #cj4 ,pamphlet ,b9d+     

,by ,bancr(t ,l4 ,goodw9       ,a prim] 
( in=mation ab\t ! v>i\s op]ations      
employ$ 9      b9d+ pamphlets & o!r "w 9
 ! b9d]y4 ,illu/rat$2      review       
que/ions2 gloss>y4  #ca4 ,book ,b9d+    
,by ,john ,j4 ,pleg]       ,practical   
in=mation ab\t ! usual op]ations 9 b9d+ 
books2      fold+2 ga!r+1 collat+1 sew+1
 =w>d+1 f9i%+4 ,case      mak+ & cas$-9 
books4 ,h& "w & ma*9e "w4 ,job &        
blank-book b9d+4 ,illu/rat$2 review     
que/ions2 gloss>y4   ,,"p ,,vi--,correct
 ,lit]>y ,composition  #cb4 ,^w ,/udy & 
,engli% ,gramm>                   ,by   
,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a prim] (      
in=mation ab\t words1 _! relations1 & _!
      uses4 #fh pp42 #hd review         
que/ions2 gloss>y4  #cc4 ,punctuation   
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a prim] (  
in=mation ab\t ! m>ks ( punctuation & _!
      use1 bo? grammatically &          
typographically4 #ef pp42 #ei review    
que/ions2 gloss>y4  #cd4 ,capitals      
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a prim] (  
in=mation ab\t capitalization1 ) "s     

practical      typographic h9ts z to !  
use ( capitals4 #dh pp42 #ib review     
que/ions2 gloss>y4  #ce4 ,division (    
,words                                  
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,rules = !  
division ( words at ! ends ( l9es1 )    
rem>ks      on spell+1 syllabication &  
pronunciation4 #db pp42 #gj review      
que/ions4  #cf4 ,comp\nd ,words         
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a /udy ( ! 
pr9ciples ( comp\nd+1 ! compon5ts (     
comp\nds1 & ! use ( ! hyph54 #cd pp42   
#fb review que/ions4  #cg4              
,abbreviations & ,signs                 
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a prim] (  
in=mation ab\t abbreviations & signs1 ) 
classifi$ li/s ( ^? 9 mo/ common use4   
#eh pp42 #cb review      que/ions4  #ch4
 ,! ,uses ( ,italic                     
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a prim] (  
in=mation ab\t ! hi/ory & uses ( italic 
lett]s4 #ca pp42 #cg review que/ions4   
#ci4 ,pro(read+                         
,by ,arnold ,levitas       ,! te*nical  
phases ( ! pro(read]'s "w2 read+1 m>k+1 

revis+1 etc42 me?ods ( h&l+ pro(s &     
copy4 ,illu/rat$ by      examples4 #ei  
pp42 #fi review que/ions2 gloss>y4  #dj4
 ,prep>ation ( ,pr9t]s' ,copy           
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,sugge/ions 
= au?ors1 editors1 & all :o are engag$ 9
      prep>+ copy = ! compos+ room4 #cf 
pp42 #fg review que/ions4  #da4 ,pr9t]s'
 ,manual ( ,/yle       ,a ref]5ce       
compilation ( approv$ rules1 usages1 &  
sugge/ions      relat+ to uni=mity 9    
punctuation1 capitalization1            
abbreviations1 num]als1 & k9dr$ features
 ( composition4  #db4 ,! ,pr9t]'s       
,diction>y                          ,by 
,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t       ,a h&book (        
def9itions & miscellane\s in=mation ab\t
      v>i\s processes ( pr9t+1          
alphabetically arrang$4 ,te*nical       
t]ms expla9$4 ,illu/rat$4   ,,"p        
,,vii--,design1 ,color1 & ,lett]+  #dc4 
,appli$ ,design = ,pr9t]s               
,by ,h>ry ,l4 ,gage       ,a h&book ( ! 
pr9ciples ( arrangem5t1 ) brief comm5t  
on      ! p]iods ( design :i* h mo/     

influ5c$ pr9t+4 ,treats (      h>mony1  
balance1 proportion1 & rhy?m2 motion2   
symmetry &      v>iety2 ornam5t1 e/hetic
 & symbolic4 #cg illu/rations2 #df      
review que/ions2 gloss>y2 bibliography4 
#dd4 ,elem5ts ( ,typographic ,design    
,by ,h>ry ,l4 ,gage       ,applications 
( ! pr9ciples ( decorative design4      
,build+      mat]ial ( typography3 pap]1
 types1 ink1 decorations &              
illu/rations4 ,h&l+ ( %apes4 ,design (  
complete book1      treat+ ea* "p4      
,design ( comm]cial =ms & s+le units4   
,illu/rations2 review que/ions1 gloss>y2
 bibliography4  #de4 ,rudim5ts ( ,color 
9 ,pr9t+                    ,by ,h>ry   
,l4 ,gage       ,use ( color3 =         
decoration ( black & :ite1 = broad po/] 
effect1 9 comb9ations ( two1 ?ree1 or m 
pr9t+s )      process engrav+s4         
,sci5tific nature ( color1 physical &   
*emical4 ,t]ms 9 :i* color may be       
discuss$3 hue1 value1      int5sity4    
,diagrams 9 color1 scales & comb9ations4
 ,color !ory      ( process engrav+4    

,exp]im5ts ) color4 ,illu/rations 9 full
      color1 & on v>i\s pap]s4 ,review  
que/ions2 gloss>y2      bibliography4   
#df4 ,lett]+ 9 ,typography              
,by ,h>ry ,l4 ,gage       ,pr9t]'s use (
 lett]+3 adaptability & decorative      
effect4      ,developm5t ( hi/oric writ+
 & lett]+ & its influ5ce on      type   
design4 ,classification ( g5]al =ms 9   
lett]+4      ,application ( design to   
lett]+4 ,draw+ = reproduction4 ,fully   
illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y2    
bibliography4  #dg4 ,typographic ,design
 9 ,adv]tis+                 ,by ,h>ry  
,l4 ,gage       ,! pr9t]'s function 9   
adv]tis+4 ,precepts ^u :i*      adv]tis+
 is bas$4 ,pr9t]'s analysis ( 8 copy4   
,emphasis1      legibility1 att5tion1   
color4 ,me?od ( /udy+ adv]tis+          
typography4 ,illu/rations2 review       
que/ions2 gloss>y2      bibliography4   
#dh4 ,mak+ ,dummies & ,lay\ts           
,by ,h>ry ,l4 ,gage       ,a lay\t3 !   
ar*itectural plan4 ,a dummy3 ! imitation
 ( a      propos$ f9al effect4 ,use (   

dummy 9 sales "w4 ,use ( lay\t4         
,function ( lay\t man4 ,b9d+ s*emes =   
dummies4 ,dummy      envelopes4         
,illu/rations2 review que/ions2 gloss>y2
 bibliography4   ,,"p ,,viii--,hi/ory ( 
,pr9t+  #di4 ,books ,be=e ,typography   
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a prim] (  
in=mation ab\t ! inv5tion ( ! alphabet &
 !      hi/ory ( bookmak+ up to !       
inv5tion ( movable types4 #fb pp42      
illu/rat$2 #fd review que/ions4  #ej4 ,!
 ,inv5tion ( ,typography                
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a brief    
sket* ( ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ & h[ x came  
ab\t4      #fd pp42 #fb review que/ions4
  #ea4 ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+--,"p ,i         
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a prim] (  
in=mation ab\t ! beg9n+s ( pr9t+1 !     
developm5t ( ! book1 ! developm5t (     
pr9t]s' mat]ials1      & ! "w ( ! great 
pione]s4 #fc pp42 #ee review que/ions4  
#eb4 ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+--,"p ,,ii         
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a brief    
sket* ( ! economic conditions ( ! pr9t+ 
indu/ry      f #adej to #aghi1 includ+  

gov]nm5t regulations1 c5sor%ip1         
int]nal conditions & indu/rial          
relations4 #id pp42 #abh review         
que/ions4  #ec4 ,pr9t+ 9 ,engl&         
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a %ort     
hi/ory ( pr9t+ 9 ,engl& f ,caxton to !  
pres5t      "t4 #hi pp42 #fe review     
que/ions4  #ed4 ,pr9t+ 9 ,am]ica        
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a brief    
sket* ( ! developm5t ( ! newspap]1 & "s 
notes      on publi%]s :o h especially  
contribut$ to pr9t+4 #ih pp42      #hd  
review que/ions4  #ee4 ,type & ,presses 
9 ,am]ica                      ,by ,f4  
,w4 ,hamilton       ,a brief hi/orical  
sket* ( ! developm5t ( type ca/+ &      
press build+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #eb pp42
 #fa review que/ions4   ,,"p ,,ix--,co/ 
,f9d+ & ,acc\nt+  #ef4 ,elem5ts ( ,co/ 9
 ,pr9t+                    ,by ,h5ry ,p4
 ,port]       ,! ,/&>d ,co/-,f9d+ ,=ms &
 _! uses4 ,:at !y %\ld      %[4 ,h[ to  
utilize ! in=mation !y give4 ,review    
que/ions4      ,gloss>y4  #eg4 ,use ( a 
,co/ ,sy/em                             

,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port]       ,! ,/&>d     
,co/-,f9d+ ,=ms & _! uses4 ,:at !y %\ld 
%[4 ,h[ to utilize ! in=mation !y give4 
,review que/ions4      ,gloss>y4  #eh4  
,! ,pr9t] z a ,m]*ant                   
,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port]       ,! selection 
& pur*ase ( mat]ials & supplies = pr9t+4
      ,! relation ( ! co/ ( raw mat]ial 
& ! sell+ price (      ! f9i%$ product4 
,review que/ions4 ,gloss>y4  #ei4       
,fundam5tal ,pr9ciples ( ,e/imat+       
,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port]       ,! e/imator &
 8 "w2 =ms to use2 g5]al rules =        
e/imat+4 ,review que/ions4 ,gloss>y4    
#fj4 ,e/imat+ & ,sell+                  
,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port]       ,an insight  
into ! me?ods us$ 9 mak+ e/imates1 & _! 
relation to sell+4 ,review que/ions4    
,gloss>y4  #fa4 ,acc\nt+ = ,pr9t]s      
,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port]       ,a brief     
outl9e ( an acc\nt+ sy/em = pr9t]s2     
necess>y      books & accessory records4
 ,review que/ions4 ,gloss>y4   ,,"p     
,x--,miscellane\s  #fb4 ,heal?1         
,sanitation1 & ,safety                  

,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port]       ,hygi5e 9 !  
pr9t+ trade2 a /udy ( conditions old &  
new2      practical sugge/ions =        
improvem5t2 protective appliances &     
rules = safety4  #fc4 ,topical ,index   
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a book (   
ref]5ce cov]+ ! topics treat$ 9 !       
,typographic      ,te*nical ,s]ies1     
alphabetically arrang$4  #fd4 ,c\rses ( 
,/udy                                   
,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton       ,a guidebook
 = tea*]s1 ) outl9es & sugge/ions =     
classroom & %op "w4     ,,ackn[l$gm5t   
,?is s]ies ( ,typographic ,text-books is
 ! result ( ! spl5did co-op]ation ( a   
l>ge numb] ( firms & individuals engag$ 
9 ! pr9t+ bus9ess & its alli$ indu/ries 
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4  ,!        
,committee on ,education ( ! ,unit$     
,typo!tae ( ,am]ica1 "u ^: auspices !   
books h be5 prep>$ & publi%$1 ackn[l$ges
 its indebt$ness = ! g5]\s assi/ance    
r5d]$ by ! _m au?ors1 pr9t]s1 & o!rs    
id5tifi$ ) ?is "w4  ,:ile due           
ackn[l$gm5t is made on ! title &        

copyright pages ( ^? contribut+ to ea*  
book1 ! ,committee nev]!less felt t a   
gr\p li/ ( co-op]at+ firms w\ld be (    
int]e/4  ,! foll[+ li/ is n complete1 z 
x includes only ^? :o h co-op]at$ 9 !   
production ( a portion ( ! volumes1     
con/itut+ ! fir/ pr9t+4 ,z soon z !     
entire li/ ( books compris+ !           
,typographic ,te*nical ,s]ies has be5   
complet$ 7:i* ! ,committee hopes w be at
 an e>ly date71 ! full li/ w be pr9t$ 9 
ea* volume4  ,! ,committee also desires 
to ackn[l$ge its indebt$ness to ! _m    
subscrib]s to ?is ,s]ies :o h pati5tly  
await$ its publication4    ,,committee  
,,on ,,education1   ,,unit$ ,,typo!tae  
,,( ,,am]ica4      ,,h5ry ,p4 ,,port]1  
,*airman1     ,e4 ,,lawr5ce ,,fell1     
,a4 ,m4 ,,glossbr5n]1     ,j4 ,,clyde   
,,oswald1     ,,toby ,,rubovits4        
,,fr$]ick ,w4 ,,hamilton1 ,education    
,director4     ,,contributors  ,=       
,composition & ,electrotypes    ,,isaac 
,h4 ,,blan*>d ,,company1 ,new ,york1 ,n4
 ,y4   ,s4 ,h4 ,,burbank  ,,co41        

,philadelphia1 ,pa4   ,j4 ,s4 ,,cu%+    
,,co41 ,norwood1 ,mass4   ,,! ,,dev9ne  
,,press1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4   ,r4 ,r4  
,,donnelley  ,,sons ,,co41 ,*icago1     
,ill4   ,,geo4 ,h4 ,,ellis ,,co41       
,bo/on1 ,mass4   ,,evans-,,w9t]-,,hebb1 
,detroit1 ,mi*4   ,,frankl9 ,,pr9t+     
,,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4   ,,gage 
,,pr9t+ ,,co41 ,,ltd41 ,battle ,creek1  
,mi*4   ,f4 ,h4 ,,gilson ,,company1     
,bo/on1 ,mass4   ,,/eph5 ,,gre5e  ,,co41
 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4   ,,william ,,gre51
 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4   ,w4 ,f4 ,,hall   
,,pr9t+ ,,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill4   ,,frank 
,d4 ,,jacobs ,,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 
,,wilson ,h4 ,,lee ,,co41 ,new ,hav51   
,conn4   ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,co41     
,philadelphia1 ,pa4   ,,maccalla  ,,co4 
,,inc41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4   ,,!       
,,patteson ,,press1 ,new ,york4   ,,!   
,,plimpton ,,press1 ,norwood1 ,mass4    
,,poole ,,bros41 ,*icago1 ,ill4         
,,rem+ton ,,pr9t+ ,,co41 ,provid5ce1 ,r4
 ,i4   ,,edw>d ,,/]n  ,,co41            
,philadelphia1 ,pa4   ,,! ,,/one ,,pr9t+

  ,,mfg4 ,,co41 ,roanoke1 ,va4   ,,/ate 
,,j\rnal ,,company1 ,l9coln1 ,neb4   ,,!
 ,,univ]sity ,,press1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4
  ,= ,composition    ,,bo/on ,,typo!tae 
,,s*ool ,,( ,,pr9t+1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4     
,,william ,f4 ,,fell ,,co41             
,philadelphia1 ,pa4   ,,! ,,kalkh(f     
,,company1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4          
,,ox=d-,,pr9t1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4   ,,toby  
,,rubovits1 ,*icago1 ,ill4              
,electrotyp]s    ,,blomgr5 ,,bro!rs     
,,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill4   ,,fl[] ,,/eel   
,,electrotyp+ ,,co41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4
   ,c4 ,j4 ,,pet]s  ,,son ,,co41 ,bo/on1
 ,mass4   ,,royal ,,electrotype ,,co41  
,philadelphia1 ,pa4   ,h4 ,c4 ,,:itcomb 
,,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4  ,= ,engrav+s     
,,am]ican ,,type ,,f\nd]s ,,co41 ,bo/on1
 ,mass4   ,c4 ,b4 ,,cottrell  ,,sons    
,,co41 ,we/]ly1 ,r4 ,i4   ,,gold+       
,,manufactur+ ,,co41 ,frankl91 ,mass4   
,,h>v>d ,,univ]sity1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 
,,inl& ,,pr9t] ,,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill4    
,,lan/on ,,monotype ,,ma*9e ,,company1  
,philadelphia1 ,pa4   ,,m]g5?al]        

,,l9otype ,,company1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4
   ,,geo4 ,h4 ,,morrill ,,co41 ,norwood1
 ,mass4   ,,oswald ,,publi%+ ,,co41 ,new
 ,york1 ,n4 ,y4   ,,! ,,pr9t+ ,,art1    
,cambridge1 ,mass4   ,b4 ,d4 ,,ris+     
,,pap] ,,company1 ,h\satonic1 ,mass4    
,,! ,,v&]cook ,,press1 ,*icago1 ,ill4   
,= ,book ,pap]    ,,am]ican ,,writ+     
,,pap] ,,co41 ,holyoke1 ,mass4          
,,bryant ,,pap] ,,co41 ,kalamazoo1 ,mi*4
   ,,! ,,miami ,,pap] ,,co41 ,we/       
,c>rollton1 ,ohio4   ,,ox=d ,,pap]      
,,company1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4   ,,we/  
,,virg9ia ,,pulp  ,,pap] ,,co41         
,me*anicville1 ,n4 ,y4  ,= ,book ,clo?  
,,int]lak5 ,,mills1 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i4 
,transcrib]'s ,notes3  ,passages 9      
italics are indicat$ by und]score4      
,passages 9 bold are indicat$ by bold4  
,accord+ to ! text on page #ac1 "o      
example = rule #be & "o example = rule  
#bf appe> to be incorrect4 ,^! h be5    
left z pres5t$ 9 ! orig9al text4