,,hi/ory ,,( ,,f>m+ ,,9 ,,ont>io ,,by ,c4 ,c4 ,,james ,illu/ration3 ,publi%]'s ,device ,,repr9t$ ,,f ,,canada ,,& ,,its ,,prov9ces ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,canadian ,,p ,,& ,,_! ,,in/itutions ,,by ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,associates ,,edit$ ,,by ,,adam ,,%ortt ,,& ,a4 ,g4 ,,d\ghty ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,f>m+ ,,9 ,,ont>io ,,by ,c4 ,c4 ,,james ,c4,m4,g4 ,illu/ration3 ,publi%]'s ,device ,,toronto ,,glasg[1 ,,brook ,,company #aiad ,?is ,volume consi/s ( a ,repr9t1 = private circulation only1 ( ! ,"o ,hundr$ & ,sixte5? ,sign$ ,contribution conta9$ 9 ,,canada ,,& ,,its ,,prov9ces1 a ,hi/ory ( ! ,canadian ,p & _! ,in/itutions by ,"o ,hundr$ ,associates4 ,adam ,%ortt & ,ar?ur ,g4 ,d\ghty1 ,g5]al ,editors ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,f>m+ ,,! ,,l& ,,& ,,! ,,p ,f ! mo/ s\!rn po9t ( ,ont>io on ,lake ,erie1 ne> ! #dbnd p>allel ( latitude1 to ,moose ,factory on ,james ,bay1 ! di/ance is ab\t #gej miles4 ,f ! ea/]n b\nd>y on ! ,ottawa & ,/ ,lawr5ce ,riv]s to ,k5ora at ! ,manitoba b\nd>y1 ! di/ance is ab\t #ajjj miles4 ,! area ly+ )9 ^! extremes is ab\t #bbj1jjj squ>e miles4 ,9 #aiab a nor!rn addition ( ov] #ajj1jjj squ>e miles 0 made to ! surface area ( ! prov9ce1 b x is d\btful :e!r ! agricultural l&s w !reby be increas$4 ,( ?is l>ge area ab\t #be1jjj1jjj acres are occupi$ & assess$1 includ+ f>m l&s & t[n & city sites4 ,x w be se51 !re=e1 t only a small fraction ( ! prov9ce has1 z yet1 be5 occupi$4 ,practically all ! occupi$ area lies s\? ( a l9e drawn ?r\gh ,montreal1 ,ottawa1 & ,sault ,/e ,m>ie1 & x =ms "p ( ! great productive zone ( ! cont95t4 ,! next po9t to be not$ is ! irregul>ity ( ! b\nd>y-l9e1 ! great] portion ( :i* is wat]--,lakes ,sup]ior1 ,huron1 ,erie1 ,ont>io1 ! ,/ ,lawr5ce ,riv]1 ! ,ottawa ,riv]1 ,james ,bay1 & ,hudson ,bay4 ,! modify+ effect ( great bodies ( wat] mu/ be consid]$ 9 /udy+ ! agricultural possibilities ( ,ont>io4 ,across ?is great area ( irregul> outl9e !re passes a bran* ( ! ,ar*an rocks runn+ 9 a nor?-we/]n direction & =m+ a wat]%$1 :i* turns "s ( ! /reams to ,hudson ,bay & ! o!rs to ! ,/ ,lawr5ce sy/em4 ,an undulat+ surface has result$1 m or less fill$ ) lakes1 & almo/ lavi%ly suppli$ ) /reams1 :i* are ( prime importance = agricultural life & ( incalculable value = comm]cial purposes4 ,to ^! old rocks :i* =m ! backbone ( ! prov9ce may be trac$ ! orig9 ( ! l>ge /ret*es ( ri* soil ) :i* ! prov9ce ab\nds4 ,an exam9ation ( ! map1 & ev5 a limit$ k ( ! geological hi/ory ( ! prov9ce1 w lead to ! conclusion t 9 ,ont>io !re mu/ be a wide range 9 ! nature & composition ( ! soils & a great v>iety 9 ! climatic conditions4 ,^! conditions exi/1 & !y result 9 a v>i$ natural production4 ,9 ! extreme s\?-we/]n section plants ( a semi-tropical nature 7 to be f\nd 9 ! e>ly days 9 luxuri\s gr[?2 :ile 9 ! extreme nor?1 spruce1 some:at /unt$ 9 size & t\gh5$ 9 fibre1 are /ill to be f\nd 9 va/ =e/s4 ,x is ) ! s\!rn section1 t ly+ s\? ( ! ,laur5tian rocks1 t our /ory is ma9ly conc]n$1 = ! occupation & exploitation ( ! nor?l& is a matt] only ( rec5t date4 ,nature provid$ conditions = a div]sifi$ agriculture4 ,x is to su* a l& t = ov] a hundr$ ye>s p ( diff]5t nationalities1 ) _! v>i$ tra9+s & incl9ations1 h be5 com+ to make _! homes4 ,we may expect1 !re=e1 to f9d a great div]sity 9 ! agricultural gr[? ( v>i\s sections1 due p>tly to ! v>iety ( natural conditions & p>tly to ! v>i$ agricultural tra9+ ( ! settl]s 9 _! homel&s4 ,,e>ly ,,settlem5t1 #aghc-ahaf ,orig9ally ?is prov9ce 0 cov]$ ) =e/1 v>i$ & ext5sive1 & 0 valu$ only = its game4 ,! hunt] & trapp] 0 ! pione]4 ,to protect & assi/ him1 =tifi$ po/s 7 con/ruct$ at comm&+ po9ts along ! great wat]ways4 ,9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ^! po/s agriculture1 crude 9 its nature & re/rict$ 9 its area1 _h its beg9n+4 ,x 0 into ?is wood$ wild]ness t ! ,unit$ ,empire ,loyali/s1 numb]+ 9 all approximately t5 ?\s& p1 came 9 ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury4#a ,!y 7 a p ( v>i$ orig9s--,highl& ,scotti%1 ,g]man1 ,dut*1 ,iri% ,palat9e1 ,fr5* ,hugu5ot1 ,engli%4 ,mo/ ( !m _h liv$ on f>ms 9 ,new ,york ,/ate1 & !re=e br\ght ) !m "s k & exp]i5ce t /ood !m 9 good /ead 9 _! ardu\s "w ( mak+ new homes 9 a l& t 0 heavily wood$4 ,9 ! ye> #aghc prospectors 7 s5t into ,we/]n ,quebec1 ! region ly+ we/ ( ! ,ottawa ,riv]1 & selections 7 made = !m 9 f\r di/ricts--along ! ,/ ,lawr5ce1 opposite ,=t ,oswegat*ie2 ar\nd ! ,bay ( ,qu9te1 above ,=t ,cat>aqui2 9 ! ,niag>a p59sula1 opposite ,=t ,niag>a2 & 9 ! s\?-we/]n section1 )9 rea* ( ,=t ,detroit4 ,two reasons det]m9$ ^! locations2 fir/1 ! necessity ( be+ locat$ on ! wat]-front1 z lake & riv] 7 ! only highways available2 &1 secondly1 ! advisability ( be+ )9 ! protection ( a =tifi$ po/4 ,! dep5d5ce ( ! settl]s ^u ! milit>y w be realiz$ :5 we rememb] t !y _h nei!r implem5ts nor se$ gra94 ,9 fact1 !y 7 dep5d5t at fir/ ^u ! gov]nm5t /ores = _! food4 ,x is difficult at ! pres5t "t to realize ! h>d%ips & appreciate ! conditions "u :i* ^! ,unit$ ,empire ,loyali/ settl]s began life 9 ! =e/ ( #aghd4 ,hav+ be5 assign$ _! lots & suppli$ ) a few implem5ts1 !y began _! "w ( mak+ small cle>+s & ! erection ( rude log-h\ses & b>ns4 ,among ! /umps !y s[$ ! small quantities ( :eat1 oats1 & potatoes t 7 furni%$ f ! gov]nm5t /ores4 ,cattle 7 = _m ye>s few 9 numb]1 & ! settl]1 to supply 8 family ) food & clo?+1 0 compell$ to add hunt+ & trapp+ to 8 occupation ( fell+ ! trees4 ,gradually ! cle>+s became l>g] & ! area s[n increas$ 9 size4 ,! trails 7 improv$ & took on ! semblance ( roads1 b ! wat]ways cont9u$ to be ! pr9cipal av5ues ( communication4 ,9 ea* ( ! f\r di/ricts ! gov]nm5t erect$ mills to gr9d ! gra9 = ! settl]s4 ,^! 7 kn[n z ! ,k+'s ,mills4 ,wat]-p[] mills 7 locat$ ne> ,k+/on1 at ,gananoque1 at ,napanee1 & on ! ,niag>a ,riv]4 ,! mill on ! ,detroit 0 run by w9d p[]4 ,an important ev5t 9 ! e>ly ye>s 0 :5 ! head ( ! family set out = ! mill ) 8 bag ( :eat on 8 back or 9 8 canoe1 & return$ 9 two or ?ree days1 p]haps 9 a week1 ) a small supply ( fl\r4 ,9 ! e>ly days !re 0 no :eat = export4 ,! "q !n may be ask$1 0 !re any?+ to m>ket8 ,yes2 z ! developm5t w5t on1 ! settl]s f\nd a m>ket = two surplus products1 timb] & pota%4 ,! l>g] p9e trees 7 hewn into timb] & float$ d[n ! /reams to "s conv5i5t po9t :]e !y 7 collect$ into rafts1 :i* 7 tak5 d[n ! ,/ ,lawr5ce to ,montreal & ,quebec4 ,black salt or crude pota% 0 obta9$ by conc5trat+ ! a%es t result$ f burn+ ! bru% & trees t 7 n suitable = timb]4 ,= ! fir/ ?irty ye>s ( ! new settlem5ts ! *ief conc]n ( ! p 0 ! cle>+ ( _! l&1 ! increas+ ( _! field crops1 & ! improv+ ( _! homes & furni%+s4 ,x 0 sl[ go+1 & _h x n be5 = gov]nm5t assi/ance1 progress1 & ev5 ma9t5ance ( life1 w\ld h be5 impossible4 ,t 0 ! h]oic age ( ,upp] ,canada1 ! p]iod ( f\ndation-lay+ 9 ! prov9ce4 ,f>m+ 0 ! ma9 occupation1 & m51 wom51 & *ildr5 %>$ ! burd5s 9 ! =e/1 9 ! field1 & 9 ! home4 ,roads 7 few & poorly built1 except ! ?ree great milit>y roads plann$ by ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor ,simcoe runn+ ea/1 we/1 & nor? f ! t[n ( ,york4 ,social int]c\rse 0 ( a limit$ nature4 ,"h & !re a s*ool 0 =m$ :5 a compet5t tea*] c\ld be secur$4 ,*ur* s]vices 7 held once a mon?1 on :i* occasions ! mission>y prea*] rode into ! di/rict on horseback4 ,p]haps once or twice 9 ! summ] ! we>y po/man1 ) 8 pack on 8 back1 arriv$ at ! isolat$ f>mh\se to leave a lett]1 on :i* heavy toll _h to be collect$4 ,progress 0 sl[ 9 ^? days1 b aft] ?irty ye>s fair hope ( an agricultural c\ntry 0 beg9n+ to dawn ^u ! p :5 ! ,w> ( #ahab broke out4 ,by ?is "t ! population ( ! prov9ce _h increas$ to ab\t eighty ?\s&4 ,dur+ ?is fir/ ?irty ye>s v little _h be5 done 9 ! way ( /imulat+ public int]e/ 9 agricultural "w4 ,conditions 7 n fav\rable to organization4 ,! 't[n meet+' 0 conc]n$ ma9ly ) ! "q ( ! height ( f5ces & regulations z to /ock runn+ at l>ge4 ,"o attempt1 h[ev]1 0 made :i* %\ld be not$4 ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor ,simcoe took *>ge ( affairs e>ly 9 #agib1 &1 imm$iately aft] ! close ( ! fir/ session ( ! legislature at ,new>k 7,niag>a7 9 ! autumn ( t ye>1 organiz$ an agricultural society at ! headqu>t]s :i* met occasionally to discuss agricultural que/ions4 ,!re are no records to %[ :e!r social int]c\rse or practical agricultural matt]s =m$ ! ma9 bus9ess4 ,! /ruggle = exi/5ce 0 too exact+ & ! conditions 7 n yet fav\rable = organization to advance g5]al agricultural matt]s4 ,:5 ! ,w> ( #ahab broke out ! cle>+s ( ! orig9al settl]s _h be5 ext5d$1 & "s ( ! loyali/s /ill liv$1 gr[n grey ) "t & h>d5$ by ! r\gh life ( ! backwoods4 ,_! sons1 _m ( :om _h fa9t recollection ( _! e>ly homes across ! l9e1 _h gr[n up 9 an atmosph]e ( /ricte/ loyalty to ! ,briti% cr[n1 & _h put 9 long ye>s 9 cle>+ ! f>ms on :i* !y liv$ & add+ su* com=ts to _! h\ses1 t to !m1 p]haps z to no o!r g5]ation1 _! homes meant ev]y?+ 9 life4 ,! summons came to help to def5d ^? homes & _! prov9ce4 ,= ?ree ye>s ! agricultural gr[? receiv$ a sev]e *eck4 ,fa!rs & sons took _! turn 9 go+ to ! front4 ,! cultivation ( ! fields1 ! s[+ & ! h>ve/+ ( ! crops1 fell l>gely to ! lot ( ! mo!rs & ! daught]s left at home4 ,b !y 7 equal to x4 ,9 ^? days ! wom5 7 tra9$ to help 9 ! "w ( ! fields4 ,!y did m5's "w will+ly & well4 ,9 _m cases !y _h to cont9ue _! h]oic "w aft] ! close ( ! w>1 until _! surviv+ boys 7 gr[n to ye>s ( manhood1 = _m husb&s & sons w5t to ! front nev] to return4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,see ',pione] ,settlem5ts' 9 ?is section4 ,a ,,p]iod ,,( ,,expansion1 #ahaf-df ,! close ( ! w> saw a prov9ce t _h be5 *eck$ at a "t ( vigor\s gr[? n[ m or less impov]i%$1 &1 9 "s sections1 deva/at$4 ,?is 01 h[ev]1 b ! gloomy outlook be=e a p]iod ( rapid expansion4 ,9 #ahaf1 on ! close ( ! ,napoleonic w>s 9 ,europe1 l>ge numb]s ( troops 7 disb&$1 & = ^! new homes & new occupations _h to be f\nd4 ,!n began ! fir/ emigration f ,brita9 ov]seas to ,upp] ,canada4 ,all ov] ! ,briti% ,isles little gr\ps 7 =m+ ( old soldi]s reunit$ to _! families4 ,a few h\sehold furni%+s 7 pack$1 a supply ( provisions laid 91 a sail+ vessel *>t]$1 & ! trek began across ! ,atlantic4 ,! emigrants sail$ f _m ports ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&4 ,sometimes ! trip 0 made 9 ?ree or f\r weeks2 b (t51 ?r\gh contr>y w9ds or r\gh wea!r1 ?ree or f\r mon?s pass$ be=e ! vessel sail$ up ! ,/ ,lawr5ce & l&$ ! newcom]s at ,montreal4 ,h>dly half ( _! difficulties 7 !n ov]come or half ( _! dang]s pass$4 ,if !y 7 to f9d _! new locations by l&1 !y mu/ walk or travel by sl[ ox-c>t2 if !y j\rney$ by wat]1 !y mu/ make _! way up ! ,/ ,lawr5ce by op5 boat1 surm\nt+ ! _m rapids 9 succession1 pol+ ! boats1 pull+ aga9/ ! /ream1 at times help+ to c>ry heavy loads ov] ! portages4 ,_! new homes 9 ! backwoods 7 9 t[n%ips 9 ! re> ( ^? settl$ by ! loyali/s1 or 9 unoccupi$ areas ly+ on ! lake-fronts betwe5 ! f\r di/ricts ref]r$ to z hav+ be5 tak5 up by ! loyali/s4 ,!n began ! settlem5ts along ! nor? %ore ( ,lake ,ont>io & ( ,lake ,erie1 & ! population mov$ =w>d /eadily4 ,9 #ahaf ! total population ( ! prov9ce 0 approximately #ajj1jjj2 by #ahbf1 accord+ to returns made to ! gov]nm5t1 x _h increas$ to #aff1jjj2 9 #ahcf x 0 #cgd1jjj1 & 9 #ahda x 0 #def1jjj4 ,! great majority ( ^! p1 ( c\rse1 liv$ ^u ! l&1 ! t[ns be+ comp>atively small1 & ! villages 7 compos$ l>gely ( p engag$ 9 agricultural "w4 ,?is peaceful ,briti% invasion contribut$ a new elem5t to ! prov9ce & add$ /ill fur!r to ! v>iety ( ! p4 ,9 "o t[n%ip c\ld be f\nd a gr\p ( ,engli% settl]s1 mo/ ( :om came f a s\!rn c\nty ( ,engl&1 ne> by a t[n%ip peopl$ by ,scotti% ,l[l&]s1 & n f> away a colony ( nor? ( ,irel& f>m]s1 or p]haps a settlem5t compos$ entirely ( p f ! vic9ity ( ,cork or ,lim]ick4 ,^! ,briti% settl]s br\ght new l9es ( life1 new plans = h\ses & b>ns1 new me?ods ( cultivation1 new v>ieties ( se$1 &1 :at 0 p]haps ( mo/ influ5ce ^u ! agricultural life ( ! prov9ce1 new k9ds ( live /ock4 ,ev5 to ?is day c be se5 traces ( ! diff]5ces 9 con/ruction ( build+s introduc$ by ! diff]5t nationalities t came z pione]s into ! v>i\s sections ( ! prov9ce--! ,fr5* ,canadian con/ruct$ 8 build+s ) long1 /eep ro(s2 ! ,engli%man foll[$ 8 home plan ( _m small1 l[ outbuild+s ) doors some:at r\nd$ at ! top2 ! ,g]man & ,dut* settl] built big b>ns ) _! capaci\s m[s4 ,^! latt] h become ! type n[ g5]ally foll[$1 ! ma9 improvem5t 9 lat] ye>s be+ ! rais+ ( ! frames ^u /one f\ndations s z to provide accommodation = live /ock 9 ! basem5t4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ & pr(itable to /udy c>efully ! diff]5t localities to det]m9e :at elem5ts h contribut$ to ! peculi> agricultural *>act]i/ics ( ! pres5t day4 ,9 ?is connection ! language also might be inve/igat$4 ,= in/ance1 to ! e>ly ,dut* f>m]s ( ,upp] ,canada we owe su* common words z '/oop1' 'bu%1' 'boss1' 'span4' ,to ! e>ly ,briti% settl] ^! 7 =eign words4 ,:5 ! ov]sea settl]s came up ! ,/ ,lawr5ce !y 7 transport$ f ,montreal ei!r by 'bateau' or by ',durham boat4'#b ,special ref]5ce mu/ be made to ! live /ock introduc$ by ! ,briti% settl]s4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! mo/ important elem5ts 9 ! expansion & p]man5t developm5t ( ! agriculture ( ! prov9ce4 ,! ,briti% ,isles h long be5 not$ = _! pure-br$ /ock4 ,9 no o!r "p ( ! _w h s _m v>ieties be5 orig9at$ & improv$4 ,9 horses1 !re are ! ,clydesdale1 ! ,%ire1 ! ,?or\ghbr$1 & ! ,hackney2 9 cattle1 ,%or?orns1 ,h]e=ds1 ,ayr%ires1 ,devon1 & ! dairy bre$s ( ,j]sey & ,gu]nsey2 9 %eep1 ,s\?d[ns1 ,%rop%ires1 ,leice/]s2 9 sw9e1 ,b]k%ires & ,york%ires4 ,_m o!r bre$s might be add$ to ^!4 ,p\ltry & dogs also might be ref]r$ to4 ,! ,briti%] has be5 not$ = 8 love ( live /ock4 ,he has be5 tra9$ to _! c>e1 8 agricultural me?ods h be5 ord]$ to provide food suitable = _! wants1 & he has be5 c>eful to obs]ve ! l9es ( bre$+ s z to improve _! quality4 ,9 ! e>lie/ p]iod ( ! settlem5t ( ! prov9ce live /ock 0 n num]\s & ! quality 0 n ( ! be/4 ,:atev] 0 to be f\nd on ! f>ms came ma9ly f ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 0 ( inf]ior type4 ,! means ( br++ 9 horses1 cattle1 & %eep 7 limit$4 ,! result 0 t field "w at t "t 0 l>gely done by h& lab\r4 ,hunt+ & fi%+ help$ to supply ! table ) ! food t to-day we obta9 f ! but*]4 ,:5 ! ,briti%] came across ! ,atlantic he br\ght to ,upp] ,canada 8 love = live /ock & 8 k h[ to bre$ & c>e = ! same4 ,! result 0 se5 9 ! rapid increase 9 ! numb] ( horses1 cattle1 %eep1 & sw9e1 & ! plac+ ( ! agriculture ( ! prov9ce on a firm basis = future gr[?4 ,by #ahcj ! population _h gr[n to ab\t #bac1jjj1 practically all locat$ on ! l&4 ,9 t ye> !re 7 only five t[ns ( #ajjj or ov]3 namely1 ,k+/on1 #cehg2 ,york 7,toronto71 #bhfj2 ,london1 7includ+ ! t[n%ip71 #bdae2 ,hamilton 7includ+ ! t[n%ip71 #bjac2 & ,brockville1 #aacj4 ,! returns to ! gov]nm5t %[ t ( ! #d1jah1che acres occupi$ #ggc1gbg 7 "u cultivation4 ,on ! f>ms 7 to be f\nd #cj1ggf horses1 #cc1eag ox51 #hj1hib mil* c[s1 & #cb1ecg "y cattle4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ox51 s useful 9 cle>+ l& & 9 do+ heavy "w1 7 m num]\s ?an horses4 ,ox5 7 h>di] ?an horses2 !y c\ld =age = !mselves & live on r\gh food1 & :5 disabl$ c\ld be conv]t$ into food4 ,!y ?us play$ a v important "p 9 ! pione] life4 ,!re 7 no improv$ f>m implem5ts 9 ^? days3 ! pl\gh1 ! spade1 ! hoe1 ! =k1 ! sickle1 ! hook1 ! cradle1 & ! rake--implem5ts t _h be5 ! husb&man's equipm5t = c5turies--complet$ ! li/4 ,) ^! ! f>m] cultivat$ 8 l&s & ga!r$ 8 crops4 ,) two /\t hickory poles1 jo9$ toge!r at ! end ) t\gh lea!r ?ongs1 a flail 0 made ) :i* he ?re%$ out 8 gra9 on ! floor ( 8 b>n4 ,! e>lie/ pione]s rais$ "s flax1 & f ! fibre made co>se l95 fabrics1 supplem5t+ ^! by sk9s ( wild animals & ! hides ( cattle4 ,) ! introduction ( %eep by ! ,briti% settl]s wool became an important product1 & homespun g>m5ts provid$ additional clo?+ = all ! memb]s ( ! family4 ,se$s ( v>i\s fruit trees 7 plant$1 & by #ahcj ! products ( ^! se$l+s supplem5t$ ! wild plums & *]ries ( ! woods & ! wild raspb]ries t sprang up 9 abundance 9 ! cle>+s & sla%es4 ,by ?is "t e f>m _h "o or m mil* c[s & ! f>m]'s table 0 suppli$ ) fre% milk1 butt]1 & home-made *eese4 ,z ! fir/ half-c5tury ( ! prov9ce 0 draw+ to its close1 "s ( ! com=ts ( home life began to be realiz$ by ! f>m+ community4 ,! isolation ( ! =m] p]iod disappe>$ z roads ( communication 7 op5$ up & ext5d$4 ,"h & !re societies 7 =m$ = ! exhibition ( ! products ( ! f>m & = fri5dly competitions4 ,s important 7 ^! societies becom+ 9 ! life ( ! :ole community t 9 #ahcj ! gov]nm5t gave !m recognition & provid$ an annual grant to assi/ !m 9 _! "w4 ,?is is an important ev5t 9 agricultural hi/ory1 = x m>ks ! beg9n+ ( gov]nm5t assi/ance to ! agricultural indu/ry4 ,betwe5 #ahbj & #ahcj probably n m ?an half a doz5 agricultural societies 7 organiz$4 ,"s records ( su* 7 pres]v$ at ,york1 ,k+/on1 & 9 ! ,newca/le di/rict4 ,f ! record ( ! ,c\nty ( ,nor?umb]l& ,agricultural ,society x is le>n$ t its fir/ %[ 0 held 9 ! public squ>e ( ! village ( ,colborne on ,octob] #ai1 #ahbh1 :5 premiums 7 aw>d$ am\nt+ 9 all to sev5ty-sev5 doll>s4 ,!re 7 f\rte5 prizes = live /ock1 two prizes = *eese1 two = field roll]s1 & two = essays on ! culture ( :eat4 ,! fir/ prize essay1 = :i* ! w9n] receiv$ five doll>s1 0 pr9t$ = di/ribution4 ,! prize li/ 0 limit$ 9 range1 b x %[s h[ ?is new settlem5t1 =m$ l>gely by ,briti% settl]s s9ce #ahaf1 0 giv+ p>ticul> att5tion to ! enc\ragem5t ( live /ock4 ,a %ort quotation f ! prize essay z to ! be/ me?od ( cle>+ ! l& = :eat %\ld be f\nd ( int]e/4 ,z a great "p ( our ,c\nty is yet 9 a wild]ness /ate & q a %>e ( ! :eat br\ght to our m>kets is re>$ on new l&1 ,i deem x important t our ent]pris+ "y m5 :o are cle>+ away ! =e/ %\ld "k h[ to pr(it by _! h>d labor4 ,let ! und]wood be cut 9 ! autumn be=e ! leaves fall1 & ! l>ge timb] 9 ! w9t] or e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,?is w insure a good burn1 :i* is ! fir/ ?+ requisite = a good crop4 ,d y\r logg+ 9 ! mon? ( ,june1 & if y wi% to make money1 d x be=e y burn y\r bru% & save ! a%es2 ^! w m ?an half pay y = cle>+ ! l&3 & by burn+ at ?is season y w attract a drove ( cattle ab\t y t w de/roy all spr\ts :i* may be gr[+2 d n leave m ?an f\r trees on an acre & girdle ^! 9 ! full moon ( ,m>* & !y w nev] leaf aga92 ?us y may h y\r l& prep>$ = ! se$ be=e h>ve/4 ,! act ( #ahcj provid$ a grant ( #ajj = a society 9 ea* di/rict1 ^u condition t ! memb]s subscrib$ & paid 9 at lea/ #ej1 & 9 ! case ( a society be+ organiz$ 9 ea* c\nty ! am\nt 0 to be equally divid$ among ! societies4 ,! condition ( mak+ ! grant 0 set =? 9 ! act z foll[s3 ',:5 any ,agricultural ,society1 = ! purpose ( import+ valuable live /ock1 gra91 grass se$s1 useful implem5ts or :atev] else might conduce to ! improvem5t ( agriculture 9 ?is ,prov9ce1' etc4 ,z a result ( ?is sub/antial assi/ance by ! gov]nm5t1 agricultural societies increas$ 9 numb]1 & _! influ5ce1 9 assi/+ 9 ! improvem5t ( ! live /ock & ! br++ ( new implem5ts to ! att5tion ( f>m]s1 0 mo/ m>k$4 ,horses1 %eep & mil* c[s increas$ rapidly4 ,purebr$ cattle n[ began to receive "s att5tion4 ,! fir/ record ( importation is ! br++ ( a ,%or?orn bull & a c[ f ,new ,york ,/ate 9 #ahca by ,rob]t ,arnold ( ,/ ,ca?>9es4 ,9 #ahcc ,r[l& ,w+field1 an ,engli%man f>m+ ne> ,guelph1 br\ght a small h]d ( *oice animals across ! ocean1 l&$ !m at ,montreal1 took !m to ,hamilton by way ( ! ,ottawa ,riv]1 ! ,rideau ,canal1 & ,lake ,ont>io1 & !n drove !m on foot to ,well+ton ,c\nty4 ,! ,hon4 ,adam ,f]gusson ( ,woodhill foll[$ two or ?ree ye>s lat] ) a simil> importation4 ,! fir/ ,ayr%ire cattle c be trac$ back to ! ,scotti% settl]s :o arriv$ dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,^! emigrants _h provid$ _! own food = ! voyage to ,canada1 & 9 "s cases br\ght a good mil* c[ to provide fre% milk on ! voyage4 ,%e w\ld be dispos$ ( on l&+1 at ,montreal or 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ,upp] ,canada4 ,?is acc\nts = ! e>ly pr$om9ance ( ,ayr%ires 9 ,ea/]n ,ont>io4 ,?us to ! p]iod #ahcj-de belongs ! fir/ f\ndation ( ! pure-br$ /ock indu/ry4 ,x 0 9 ?is p]iod also t ! fir/ signs appe> ( improv$ f>m implem5ts & lab\r-sav+ ma*9]y4 ,pl\ghs ( improv$ patt]n1 light] & m effective1 7 be+ made4 ,l& roll]s & h>r[s made 9 ! factory began to take ! place ( ! home-made articles4 ,crude ?re%+ ma*9es1 clov]-se$ clean]s1 root-cutt]s1 & a simple b heavy =m ( hay-rake came into use4 ,! m[+ ma*9e & ! reap] 7 mak+ _! appe>ance 9 ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b !y _h n yet rea*$ ,upp] ,canada4 ,! organization ( agricultural societies 9 ! v>i\s di/ricts1 & ! great impetus giv5 to ! keep+ ( good /ock1 l$ 9 #ahdc to ! sugge/ion t a prov9cial organization w\ld be ( b5efit to ! f>m+ indu/ry4 ,9 ! neighb\r+ ,/ate ( ,new ,york a simil> organization _h be5 9 exi/5ce s9ce #ahcb & successful ,/ate fairs _h be5 held1 :i* "s ( ! m prom95t f>m]s ( ,upp] ,canada _h visit$4 ,an agricultural pap] call$ ! ,briti% ,am]ican ,cultivator _h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ,york1 & ?r\gh ?is pap]1 9 lett]s & editorials1 ! idea ( a prov9cial association 0 advocat$4 ,= ?ree ye>s ! discussion proce$$1 until f9ally1 9 #ahdf1 !re 0 organiz$ ! ,prov9cial ,agricultural ,association & ,bo>d ( ,agriculture = ,canada ,we/1 compos$ ( delegates f ! v>i\s di/rict societies4 ,! result 0 t ! fir/ prov9cial exhibition 0 held 9 ,toronto on ,octob] #ba & #bb ( t ye>4 ,! old ,gov]nm5t ,h\se at ! s\?-we/]n corn] ( ,k+ ,/reet & ,simcoe ,/reet1 !n empty1 0 us$ = ! exhibits1 & ! /ock & implem5ts 7 display$ 9 ! adjo9+ gr\nds4 ,! ,canada ,company gave a contribution ( #bjj1 eight local societies made donations1 ab\t #bhj 0 secur$ z gate money1 & #big memb]s paid subscriptions4 ,premiums 7 paid to ! am\nt ( #hhj1 ! bulk ( :i* w5t to live /ock2 books1 :i* co/ ab\t #bgj1 7 giv5 z prizes2 & !re 0 left a ca% balance on h& ( #djj4 ,a pl\gh+ mat* 0 held1 & on ! ev5+ ( ! fir/ day a gr& banquet 0 giv51 att5d$ by ! (fic]s & directors & by "s ( ! lead+ citiz5s ( ,toronto4 ,among ! speak]s at ?is banquet 7 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,rob9son & ,eg]ton ,ry]son1 sup]9t5d5t ( education4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,see ',%ipp+ & ,canals' 9 section v4 pp4 #dhi-ij4 ,,organiz$ ,,agriculture1 #ahdf-fg ,! organization ( ?is prov9cial association fitt+ly introduces ano!r era 9 agricultural gr[?4 ,x is to be not$ t ?is prov9cial organization 0 a self-creat$ body2 x drew at fir/ no gov]nm5t funds direct4 ,x comm5d$ itself to ! p1 = on ,july #bh1 #ahdg1 ! prov9cial p>liam5t 9 session at ,montreal pass$ an act incorporat+ x "u ! "n ( ! ,agricultural ,association ( ,upp] ,canada1 & 9 ! *>t] nam$ z memb]s a numb] ( ! lead+ citiz5s ( ! prov9ce4 ,x 0 gov]n$ by a bo>d ( directors1 two ( :om 7 *os5 annually by ea* di/rict agricultural society4 ,! objects set =? 7 ! improvem5t ( f>m /ock & produce1 ! improvem5t ( agricultural implem5ts1 & ! enc\ragem5t ( dome/ic manufactures1 ( useful inv5tions applicable to agricultural or dome/ic purposes1 & ( e bran* ( rural & dome/ic economy4 ,out ( ?is prov9cial association came all ! fur!r agricultural organizations ( a prov9cial nature1 & ultimately1 "s =ty ye>s lat]1 ! ,ont>io dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,! second prov9cial exhibition 0 held at ,hamilton 9 #ahdg1 & ,"l ,elg91 ! gov]nor-g5]al1 0 9 att5dance4 ,he 0 also a g5]\s patron1 = 8 "n appe>s z a donor ( #ajj4 ,! address :i* he deliv]$ at ! banquet has be5 pres]v$ 9 ! publi%$ records & is copi\sly m>k$ ) *e]s & l\d applause4 ,! ?ird exhibition 0 held at ,cob\rg 9 #ahdh4 ,! (ficial report ( ! exhibits indicates t pure-br$ /ock 0 rapidly increas+ & improv+ 9 quality2 b ! mo/ significant p>agraph is t deal+ ) implem5ts1 & ?is is well wor? quot+ 9 full4 ,( implem5ts ( ,canada make1 ! ,%[ 0 defici5t2 & we 7 mu* indebt$ to our ,am]ican neighb\rs = _! valuable aid on ?is occasion4 ,a l>ge numb] ( pl\ghs1 /raw-cutt]s1 drills1 corn%ell]s1 *urns1 etc41 etc41 7 br\ght ov] by ,messrs ,briggs ,co4 ( ,ro*e/]1 ,mr ,em]y ( ,albany1 & a l>ge manufactur+ firm ne> ,bo/on4 ,mr ,bell ( ,toronto exhibit$ 8 excell5t pl\gh1 /raw-cutt]1 & reap+ ma*9e4 ,! fir/ prize = ! latt] article 0 aw>d$ to ,mr ,helm ( ,cob\rg = ! rec5t improvem5ts :i* he has effect$4 ,mr ,cl>k ( ,p>is exhibit$ 8 "o-horse ?ra%+-mill1 :i* attract$ mu* att5tion4 ,at ! f\r? exhibition1 held at ,k+/on 9 #ahdi1 ! %[ ( implem5ts 0 mu* m ext5sive1 & comm5t 0 made on ! improvem5t ( articles ( home manufacture4 ,at ?is meet+ ,pr(essor ,j4 ,f4 ,w4 ,johnson1 ( ,ed9burgh1 :o 0 mak+ a t\r ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 0 pres5t4 ,! address ( ! presid5t1 ,h5ry ,ruttan ( ,cob\rg1 is a mo/ valuable ref]5ce article descriptive ( ! agricultural progress ( ! prov9ce f ! fir/ settlem5ts 9 #aghc to ! "t ( ! exhibition4 ,ruttan 0 a loyali/'s son1 &1 f 8 own p]sonal k1 he describ$ ! old pl\gh t 0 giv5 by ! gov]nm5t to ea* ( ! fir/ settl]s4 ,x consi/$ ( a small iron socket1 ^: po9t ent]$ by means ( a dove-tail$ ap]ture into ! heel ( ! c\lt]1 :i* =m$ ! pr9cipal "p ( ! pl\gh1 & 0 9 %ape simil> to ! lett] ,l1 ! %ank ( :i* w5t ?r\gh ! wood5 beam1 & ! foot =m$ ! po9t :i* 0 %>p5$ = op]ation4 ,"o h&le & a plank split f ! side ( a w9d+ block ( timb]1 :i* did duty = ! m\ld-bo>d1 complet$ ! implem5t4 ,besides provisions = a ye>1 ,i ?9k ea* family _h issu$ to !m a pl\gh-%>e & c\lt]1 a set ( dragg-tee?1 a log *a91 an axe1 a saw1 a hamm]1 a bill hook & a grubb+ hoe1 a pair ( h&-irons & a cross-cut saw among/ sev]al families1 & a few o!r articles4 ,he !n ref]s to ! l>ge numb] ( implem5ts !n be+ press$ ^u ! f>m]s1 until '!y h almo/ become a nuisance to ! f>m] :o desires to pur*ase a really useful article4' ,all ( :i* indicates t a di/9ctive feature ( ! p]iod beg9n+ ) #ahdf 0 ! introduction & rapid ext5sion ( improv$ f>m ma*9]y4 ,a few words z to ! reap+ ma*9e1 :i* contribut$ m ?an any o!r mod]n implem5t to ! developm5t ( agriculture 9 ! pa/ c5tury1 may n be out ( place4 ,v>i\s attempts _h be5 made at produc+ a ma*9e to sup]s$e ! sickle1 ! scy!1 & ! cradle be=e ! ,rev4 ,patrick ,bell1 9 #ahbf1 pres5t$ 8 ma*9e to ! ,highl& ,agricultural ,society ( ,scotl& = its exam9ation4 ,bell's ma*9e 0 fairly successful1 & "o 0 !n 9 op]ation on ! f>m ( 8 bro!r1 ,in*-,mi*ael1 9 ! ,c>se ( ,g[rie4 ,"o set ( knives 0 fix$1 ano!r set work$ above & across ^! l ! blades ( a pair ( scissors4 ,! gra9 fell on an endless clo? :i* c>ri$ & deposit$ ! heads at ! side ( ! ma*9e4 ,a horse pu%$ x =w>d & kept all p>ts 9 motion4 ,x 0 simple1 &1 we are told1 h>ve/$ twelve acres 9 a day4 ,?is 0 9 #ahbf4 ,9 ! ,new ,york ,f>m] & ,am]ican ,g>d5]'s ,magaz9e = #ahcd may be f\nd ! descriptions & illu/rations ( ,ob$ ,hussey's gra9-cutt] & ,cyrus ,h4 ,mc,cormick's 'improv$ reap+-ma*9e4' ,! "q has be5 rais$ z to :e!r ei!r ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates inv5tions ow$ any?+ to ! e>li] production ( ,patrick ,bell4 ,x 01 ( c\rse1 ! improv$ ,unit$ ,/ates reap+ ma*9es t f\nd _! way into ,upp] ,canada %ortly aft] ! organization ( ! ,prov9cial ,agricultural ,association4 ,our int]e/ 9 ?is matt] is quick5$ by ! fact t ! ,rev4 ,patrick ,bell1 :5 a "y man1 0 = "s "t a tutor 9 ! family ( a well-to-d f>m] 9 ! c\nty ( ,well+ton1 & !re is a tradition t :ile !re he c>ri$ on "s exp]im5ts 9 ! orig9ation ( 8 ma*9e4 ,! sugge/ion ( a 'my/]i\s visitor' f ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! place :]e he 0 exp]im5t+ is probably m]e conjecture4 ,?is p]iod1 #ahdf to #ahfg1 0 "o ( rapid gr[? 9 population4 ,! free-grant l& policy ( ! gov]nm5t 0 a great attraction = t5s ( ?\s&s ( p 9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 :o 7 impell$ by social unre/1 failure ( crops1 & g5]al /agnation 9 ! manufactur+ indu/ries to seek new homes across ! sea4 ,9 ! tw5ty ye>s ref]r$ to ! population m ?an d\bl$1 & ! improv$ l&s ( ! prov9ce increas$ f\rfold4 ,! numb]s ( cattle & %eep ab\t d\bl$1 & ! :eat production increas$ ab\t ?reefold4 ,t[>ds ! latt] "p ( ! p]iod a new agricultural indu/ry came into exi/5ce--! manufacture ( *eese 9 factories4 ,x 0 9 ,new ,york ,/ate t ! idea ( co-op]ation 9 ! manufacture ( *eese 0 fir/ attempt$4 ,!re1 z 9 ,canada ,we/1 x _h be5 ! practice to make at home f "t to "t a quantity ( s(t *eese1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 w\ld be ( v>iable quality4 ,to save lab\r1 a proposition 0 made to collect ! milk f sev]al f>ms & h ! *eese made at "o c5tral f>m4 ,! success ( ?is me?od soon became kn[n & small factories 7 e/abli%$4 ,9 #ahfc ,h>vey ,f>r+ton came f ,new ,york ,/ate to ,canada ,we/ & e/abli%$ a factory 9 ! c\nty ( ,ox=d1 ab\t ! same "t t a simil> factory 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! c\nty ( ,missisquoi1 ,quebec4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds factories 7 built 9 ,ha/+s ,c\nty1 & ne> ,brockville1 9 ,le$s ,c\nty4 ,?us began an indu/ry t _h a sl[ advance = "s fifte5 ye>s1 b f #ahhj spread rapidly1 until ! manufacture ( *eese 9 factories became "o ( ! lead+ prov9cial indu/ries4 ,! sy/em foll[$ is a slight modification ( ! ,*$d> sy/em1 :i* takes its "n f "o ( ! mo/ beautiful vales 9 ! we/ ( ,engl&4 ,its rapid progress has be5 due to ! foll[+ circum/ances3 ,ont>io1 ) h] ri* grasses1 cle> skies1 & clean spr+s & /reams1 is well adapt$ to dairy+2 l>ge numb]s ( h] f>m]s came f dairy di/ricts 9 ! "m c\ntry2 ! co-op]ative me?od ( manufacture t5ds to produce a m>ketable article t c be %ipp$ & t improves ) prop] /orage2 ,great ,brita9 has prov$ a f9e m>ket = su* an article2 & ! indu/ry has = ov] ?irty ye>s receiv$ ! special help & c>eful sup]vision & direction ( ! prov9cial & ,dom9ion gov]nm5ts4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod we note ! volunt>y organization ( ! ,ont>io ,fruit-,gr[]s' ,association1 a fact :i* alone w\ld sugge/ t ! production ( fruit mu/ h be5 mak+ progress4 ,! e>ly ,fr5* settl]s along ! ,detroit ,riv] _h plant$ pe> trees or gr[n !m f se$1 & a few ( ^! /urdy1 /alw>t trees1 ov] a c5tury old1 /ill /& & be> "s fruit4 ,mrs ,simcoe1 9 h] ,j\rnal1 ,july #b1 #agic1 /ates3 ',we h ?irty l>ge ,may ,duke *]ry trees beh9d ! h\se & ?ree /&>d pea* trees :i* suppli$ u la/ ,autumn = t>ts & dess]ts dur+ six weeks1 besides ! numb]s ! "y m5 eat4' ,?is 0 at ,niag>a4 ,! records ( ! agricultural exhibitions indicate t !re 0 a gradual ext5sion ( fruit-gr[+4 ,importations ( new v>ieties 7 made1 ,ro*e/]1 9 ,new ,york ,/ate1 app>5tly be+ ! *ief place f :i* nurs]y /ock 0 obta9$4 ,"h & !re ?r\gh ! prov9ce g5tlem5 hav+ "s leisure & ! skill to exp]im5t 7 beg9n+ to take an int]e/ 9 _! g>d5s & to produce new v>ieties4 ,on ,janu>y #ai1 #ahei1 a few p]sons met 9 ! bo>d-room ( ! ,me*anics' ,hall at ,hamilton & organiz$ a fruit-gr[]s' association = ,upp] ,canada4 ,judge ,campbell 0 elect$ presid5t2 ,dr ,hurlb]t1 fir/ vice-presid5t2 ,george ,leslie1 second vice-presid5t2 ,ar?ur ,h>vey1 secret>y4 ,! memb]s ( ?is association introduc$ new v>ieties & report$ on _! success4 ,!y 7 p>ticul>ly active 9 produc+ su* new v>ieties z 7 peculi>ly suitable to ! climate4 ,= n9e ye>s !y ma9ta9$ _! organization & c>ri$ on _! "w unaid$ & unrecogniz$ (ficially4 ,to ?is p]iod belongs also ! fir/ attempts at special in/ruction 9 agriculture & ! beg9n+ ( an agricultural press4 ,bo? are intimately connect$ ) ! association1 already ref]r$ to1 t _h be5 organiz$ 9 #ahdf by "s ( ! mo/ progressive citiz5s4 ,= f\r ye>s ! ,prov9cial ,association c>ri$ on its "w & e/abli%$ itself z a "p ( ! agricultural life ( ,canada ,we/4 ,9 #ahej ! gov]nm5t /epp$ 9 & e/abli%$ a bo>d ( agriculture z ! executive ( ! association4 ,its objects 7 set out by /atute & funds 7 to be provid$ = its ma9t5ance4 ,! new l9es ( "w allott$ to x 7 to collect agricultural /ati/ics1 prep>e crop reports1 ga!r in=mation ( g5]al value & to pres5t ! same to ! legislature = publication1 & to co-op]ate ) ! prov9cial univ]sity 9 ! tea*+ ( agriculture & ! c>ry+ on ( an exp]im5tal or illu/rative f>m4 ,pr(essor ,george ,buckl& 0 appo9t$ to ! *air ( agriculture 9 ! univ]sity 9 ,janu>y #ahea & an exp]im5tal f>m on a small scale 0 laid out on ! univ]sity gr\nds4 ,pr(essor ,buckl& act$ also z secret>y to ! bo>d until #aheh1 :5 he resign$ & 0 succe$$ by ,hugh ,c4 ,?omson4 ,he cont9u$ 8 "w = "s ye>s at ! univ]sity1 & 0 an active p>ticipant 9 all agricultural matt]s up to ! "t ( 8 dea? 9 #ahhe4 ,provision hav+ be5 made = agricultural in/ruction at ! univ]sity1 ! bo>d 9 #ahei decid$ to e/abli% a c\rse 9 vet]9>y sci5ce1 & at once got into communication ) ,pr(essor ,dick ( ! ,vet]9>y ,college at ,ed9burgh1 ,scotl&4 ,9 #ahfb a s*ool 0 op5$ 9 ,toronto "u ! direction ( ,pr(essor ,&rew ,smi?1 rec5tly arriv$ f ,ed9burgh4 ,! ,briti% ,am]ican ,cultivator 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahda by ,ea/wood & ,co4 & ,w4 ,g4 ,edmundson1 ) ! latt] z editor4 ,x gave place 9 #ahdi to ! ,canadian ,agriculturi/1 a mon?ly j\rnal edit$ & own$ by ,george ,buckl& & ,william ,mc,dougall4 ,?is 0 ! (ficial organ ( ! bo>d till ! ye> #ahfd1 :5 ,george ,br[n began ! publication ( ! ,canada ,f>m] ) ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,f4 ,cl>k z editor-9-*ief & ,d4 ,w4 ,beadle z horticultural editor4 ,! bo>d at once recogniz$ x1 accept$ x z _! repres5tative1 & ! ,canadian ,agriculturi/ ceas$ publication 9 ,decemb] #ahfc4 ,! half-c5tury ( ,briti% immigration1 #ahaf to #ahfg1 _h wr\ght a wond]ful *ange4 ,f a little ov] a hundr$ ?\s& ! population _h gr[n to a million & a half2 t[ns & cities _h sprung into exi/5ce2 comm]cial ent]prises _h tak5 %ape2 ! con/ruction ( railways _h be5 und]tak52 trade _h develop$ along new l9es2 ! /&>ds ( liv+ _h mat]ially *ang$2 & great que/ions1 national & int]national1 _h /irr$ ! p & ar\s$ at times ! bitt]e/ political /rife4 ,! *ang$ /&>ds ( liv+ c be/ be illu/rat$ by an extract f an address deliv]$ 9 #ahdi by ,%]iff ,ruttan4 ,ref]r+ to ! e>li] p]iod1 he said3 ,our food 0 co>se b :olesome4 ,) ! exception ( ?ree or f\r p\nds ( gre5 tea a ye> = a family1 :i* co/ u ?ree bu%els ( :eat p] p\nd1 we rais$ ev]y?+ we ate4 ,we manufactur$ our own clo!s & pur*as$ no?+ except n[ & !n a black silk h&k]*ief or "s trifl+ article ( =eign manufacture ( ! k9d4 ,we liv$ simply1 yet com=tably--envi$ no "o1 = no "o 0 bett] (f ?an 8 neighb\r4 ,until )9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 "o hundr$ bu%els ( :eat1 at #bs4 #f;d4 p] bu%el1 0 q suffici5t to give 9 ex*ange = all ! articles ( =eign manufacture consum$ by a l>ge family4444 ,! old-fa%ion$ home-made clo? has giv5 way to ! f9e broadclo? coat2 ! l9sey-woolsey dresses ( females h disappe>$ & ,engli% & ,fr5* silks be5 sub/itut$2 ! nice clean-sc\r$ floors ( ! f>m]s' h\ses h be5 cov]$ by ,brussels c>pets2 ! sp9n+ :eel & loom h be5 sup]s$$ by ! piano2 & 9 %ort1 a complete revolution 9 all our dome/ic habits & mann]s has tak5 place--! consequ5ces ( :i* are ! accumulation ( an enorm\s debt ^u our %\ld]s & its natural concomitant1 political /rife4 ,/ud5ts ( ,canadian hi/ory w at once recall ! /ory ( ! ,rebellion ( #ahcg1 ! /ruggle = con/itutional gov]nm5t1 ! inve/igation by ,"l ,durham1 ! repeal ( ! pref]5tial :eat duties 9 ,engl&1 ! agitation = ,canadian indep5d5ce1 & o!r great que/ions t s s]i\sly di/urb$ ! peace ( ! ,canadian p4 ,!y 7 ! 'gr[+ pa9s' ( a progressive p4 ,! ,crimean ,w>1 9 #ahed-ef1 gave an important ?\gh tempor>y boom to ,canadian f>m products4 ,reciprocity ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates f #ahee to #ahff (f]$ a pr(itable m>ket t _h be5 clos$ = _m ye>s4 ,!n came ! close ( ! great civil w> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! op5+ up ( ! *eap1 f]tile prairie l&s ( ! ,middle ,we/ to ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( f>m]s set free f milit>y s]vice4 ,?is we/w>d movem5t 0 jo9$ by _m f>m]s f ,ont>io2 !re 0 a disa/r\s competition 9 products1 & an era ( agricultural depression set 9 j be=e ,conf$]ation4 ,x 0 because ( ^! difficulties t ,conf$]ation became a possibility & a necessity4 ,! new political era introduc$ a new agricultural p]iod1 :i* began "u conditions t 7 p]haps z unfav\rable & z unpromis+ z _h be5 exp]i5c$ = ov] half a c5tury4 ,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,sci5tific ,,f>m+1 #ahfg-hh ,! p]iod t we %all n[ deal ) beg9s ) ,conf$]ation 9 #ahfg & ext5ds to #ahhh1 :5 a prov9cial m9i/] ( ,agriculture 0 appo9t$ = ! fir/ "t & an indep5d5t dep>tm5t organiz$4 ,f #agib to #ahda :at is n[ ,ont>io 0 kn[n z ,upp] ,canada2 f #ahda to #ahfg x 0 "p ( ! ,unit$ ,prov9ce ( ,canada1 be+ kn[n z ,canada ,we/ to di/+ui% x f ,quebec or ,canada ,ea/4 ,9 #ahfg1 h[ev]1 x resum$ its =m] /atus z a sep>ate prov9ce1 b ) ! new "n ( ,ont>io4 ,9 ! =mation ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! prov9ce agriculture 0 plac$ "u ! c>e ( a commission]1 :o1 h[ev]1 held ano!r portfolio 9 ! cab9et4 ,john ,c>l+ 0 appo9t$ commission] ( ,public ,works & also commission] ( ,agriculture4 ,on tak+ (fice ,c>l+ f\nd ! foll[+ agricultural organizations ( ! prov9ce ready to co-op]ate ) ! gov]nm5t3 sixty-?ree di/rict agricultural societies1 ea* hav+ "o or m bran* t[n%ip societies "u its c>e1 & all receiv+ annual gov]nm5t grants ( slightly ov] #ej1jjj2 a prov9cial bo>d ( agriculture1 ) its educational & exhibition "w2 & a fruit-gr[]s' association1 n[ = ! fir/ "t tak5 "u gov]nm5t direction & giv5 f9ancial assi/ance4 ,"o extract f ! commission]'s fir/ report w s]ve to %[ ! condition ( agriculture 9 ,ont>io :5 ! ,dom9ion 0 born4 ',x is an enc\rag+ fact t dur+ ! la/ ye> 9 p>ticul> m[]s & reap]s & lab\r-sav+ implem5ts h n only increas$ 9 ! old] di/ricts1 b h f\nd _! way into new ones1 & into places :]e !y 7 be=e practically unkn[n4 ,?is b5eficial result has1 no d\bt1 ma9ly aris5 f ! difficulty1 or r 9 "s cases impossibility1 ( gett+ lab\r at any price4' ,x w\ld appe>1 !re=e1 t ! "q ( %ortage ( f>m lab\r1 s mu* compla9$ ( 9 rec5t ye>s1 has be5 a live "o = =ty ye>s & m4 ,9 ! second report ( ! commission] 7#ahfi7 special att5tion 0 direct$ to ! "q ( agricultural education1 & ! sugge/ion 0 made t ! agricultural dep>tm5t ( ! univ]sity & ! vet]9>y college might give "s in/ruction to ! tea*]s at ! normal s*ool4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 h[ev]1 an advanc$ /ep 0 tak54 ,x 0 not$ t ,dr ,ry]son 0 9 sympa?y ) special agricultural tea*+ & _h himself prep>$ & publi%$ a text-book on agriculture4 ,! sugge/ion 0 made t ! "t _h arriv$ = a s*ool ( practical sci5ce4 ,at ! same "t ,ry]son _h appo9t$ ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,f4 ,cl>k1 ! editor ( ! ,canada ,f>m]1 to visit ! ,agricultural dep>tm5t at ,wa%+ton & a few ( ! agricultural colleges ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & to collect su* practical in=mation z w\ld aid 9 comm5c+ some?+ ( an analog\s "* 9 ,ont>io4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ! two bran*es ( te*nical tra9+--! ,s*ool ( ,practical ,sci5ce & ! ,agricultural ,college--7 really tw9 in/itutions1 orig9at+1 9 ! ye> #ahgj1 9 ! dual dep>tm5t ( ,public ,works & ,agriculture4 ,^! in/itutions 7 ! outcome ( ! correlation ( city & c\ntry indu/ries1 :i* 7 "u ! fo/]+ c>e ( ! ,agriculture & ,arts ,association1 z ! old prov9cial organization 0 n[ kn[n4 ,! ,s*ool ( ,practical ,sci5ce1 x may be not$1 is n[ incorporat$ ) ! prov9cial univ]sity1 & ! ,agricultural ,college is affiliat$ ) x4 ,!re 7 at t "t two out/&+ agricultural colleges 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t ( ,massa*usetts & t ( ,mi*igan4 ,^! 7 visit$1 &1 bas$ ^u ! "w done at ^! in/itutions1 a compreh5sive & sugge/ive report 0 compil$4 ,imm$iate action 0 tak5 ^u ! recomm5dations ( ?is report1 & a tract ( l&1 six hundr$ acres 9 ext5t1 0 pur*as$ at ,mimico1 sev5 miles we/ ( ,toronto4 ,be=e "w c\ld be comm5c$1 h[ev]1 ! life ( ! legislature clos$ & a new gov]nm5t came into (fice 9 #ahga ) ,ar*ibald ,mc,kellar z commission] ( ,agriculture & ,arts4 ,new gov]nm5ts feel call$ ^u to promote new measures4 ,!re 7 rum\rs & sugge/ions t ! soil ( ! ,mimico f>m 0 productive ( ?i/les & bett] adapt$ to brick-mak+ ?an to ! rais+ ( crops4 ,also ! location 0 s close to ,toronto t x 0 fe>$ t ! attractions ( ! city w\ld t5d to make ! /ud5ts discont5t$ ) c\ntry life4 ,= v>i\s reasons a *ange ( location 0 deem$ desirable1 & a committee ( f>m] memb]s ( ! legislature 0 appo9t$4 ,pr(essor ,miles1 ( ! ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college1 0 engag$ to give exp]t advice2 o!r locations 7 exam9$1 & f9ally ,moreton ,lodge ,f>m1 ne> ,guelph1 0 pur*as$4 ,aft] "s prelim9>y difficulties1 involv+ ! assi/ance ( a %]iff or bailiff1 possession 0 obta9$1 & ! fir/ class = in/ruction 9 agricultural sci5ce & practice1 consi/+ ( ?irty-"o pupils 9 all1 0 op5$ on ,june #a1 #ahgd1 ) ,william ,john/on z rector or pr9cipal4 ,?us 0 e/abli%$ ! ,ont>io ,s*ool ( ,agriculture1 n[ kn[n z ! ,ont>io ,agricultural ,college4 ,its annual enrolm5t has gr[n to ov] fifte5 hundr$1 & x is n[ recogniz$ z ! be/-equipp$ & mo/ successful in/itution ( its k9d 9 ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,its developm5t along practical l9es & its recognition z a pot5t factor 9 prov9cial gr[? 7 l>gely due to ,dr ,james ,mills1 :o 0 appo9t$ presid5t ( ! college 9 #ahgi1 & fill$ t position until ,janu>y #aijd1 :5 he 0 appo9t$ to ! ,dom9ion ,bo>d ( ,railway ,commission]s4 ,"u 8 direction f>m]s' in/itutes 7 e/abli%$ 9 ,ont>io 9 #ahhd4 ,dr ,mills 0 succe$$ by ,dr ,g4 ,c4 ,creelman z presid5t4 ,! next important /ep 9 agricultural advancem5t 0 ! appo9tm5t 9 #ahhj ( ! ,ont>io ,agricultural ,commission 'to inquire into ! agricultural res\rces ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,ont>io1 ! progress & condition ( agriculture !re9 & matt]s connect$ !re)4' ,! commission consi/$ ( ,s4 ,c4 ,wood1 !n commission] ( ,agriculture 7*airman71 ,alfr$ ,h4 ,dymond 7secret>y71 & sixte5 o!r p]sons repres5tative ( ! v>i\s agricultural int]e/s1 includ+ ! presid5t & ex-presid5t ( ! ,agricultural & ,arts ,association1 ,pr(essor ,william ,br[n ( ! ,agricultural ,college1 ! ma/] ( ! ,dom9ion ,grange1 ! presid5t ( ! ,entomological ,society1 & two memb]s ( ! legislature1 ,?omas ,ballantyne & ,john ,dryd54 ,9 #aiac !re 7 b two survivors ( ?is important commission1 ,j4 ,b4 ,ayleswor? ( ,newburgh1 ,ont41 & ,dr ,william ,saund]s1 :o1 aft] ov] tw5ty ye>s' s]vice z director ( ! ,dom9ion ,exp]im5tal ,f>ms1 _h resign$ (fice 9 #aiaa4 ,all p>ts ( ! prov9ce 7 visit$ & in=mation 0 ga!r$ f ! lead+ f>m]s along ! l9es laid d[n 9 ! royal commission4 ,9 #ahha ! report 0 issu$ 9 five volumes4 ,x 0 )\t d\bt ! mo/ valuable commission report ev] issu$ 9 ,ont>io1 if n 9 all ,canada4 ,"p ( x 0 reissu$ a second & a ?ird "t1 & = ye>s x =m$ ! ,ont>io f>m]'s libr>y4 ,ev5 to ?is day x is a valuable "w ( ref]5ce1 conta9+ z x does a va/ am\nt ( practical in=mation & =m+ an invaluable s\rce ( agricultural hi/ory4 ,! fir/ outcome ( ?is report 0 ! e/abli%m5t1 9 #ahhb1 by ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,ont>io bureau ( ,indu/ries1 an organization = ! collection & publication ( /ati/ics 9 connection ) agriculture & alli$ indu/ries4 ,ar*ibald ,blue1 :o n[ occupies ! position ( *ief (fic] ( ! c5sus & /ati/ics bran* ( ! ,dom9ion s]vice1 0 appo9t$ ! fir/ secret>y ( ! bureau4 ,agriculture cont9u$ to exp&1 & associations = ! protection & enc\ragem5t ( special l9es increas$ 9 numb] & 9 importance4 ,?us !re 7 no few] ?an ?ree vigor\s associations int]e/$ 9 dairy+3 ! ,dairym5's ,association ( ,ea/]n ,ont>io1 & ! ,dairym5's ,association ( ,we/]n ,ont>io1 :i* 7 p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ! *eese indu/ry1 & ! ,ont>io ,cream]ies ,association1 :i* 0 int]e/$ 9 butt] manufacture4 ,!re 7 p\ltry associations1 a beekeep]s' association1 & sev]al live /ock associations4 ,f "t to "t ! sugge/ion 0 made t ! "w ( ^! associations1 & t ( ! ,agriculture & ,arts ,association & ( ! bureau ( ,indu/ries1 %\ld be co-ord9at$1 & a /rong dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture organiz$ "u a m9i/] ( ,agriculture hold+ a di/9ct portfolio 9 ! ,ont>io cab9et4 ,provision = ?is 0 made by ! legislature 9 #ahhh1 & 9 t ye> ,*>les ,drury 0 appo9t$ ! fir/ m9i/] ( ,agriculture4 ,! bureau ( ,indu/ries 0 tak5 z ! nucleus ( ! dep>tm5t1 & ,ar*ibald ,blue1 ! secret>y1 0 appo9t$ deputy m9i/]4 ,we h ref]r$ to ! reaction t took place 9 ,ont>io agriculture aft] ! close ( ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> & ! abrogation ( ! reciprocity treaty4 ,! high prices ( ! ,crimean ,w> p]iod _h long s9ce disappe>$1 ! m>ket to ! s\? _h be5 n>r[$1 & ! ,we/]n ,/ates 7 p\r+ into ! ,ea/ ! *eap gra9 products ( a ri* virg9 soil4 ,agricultural depression hung ov] ! prov9ce = ye>s4 ,gradually1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh ! e>ly eighties ! f>m]s began to recov] _! =m] prosp]\s condition1 s5d+ increas+ %ipm5ts ( b>ley1 %eep1 horses1 eggs1 & o!r commodities to ! cities ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 s t at ! close ( ! p]iod to :i* we are ref]r+ agricultural conditions 7 ( a fav\rable & prosp]\s nature4 ,,! ,,mod]n ,,p]iod1 #ahhh-aiab ,9 #ahhh a new p]iod 9 ,ont>io's agricultural hi/ory beg9s4 ,! work+ =ces ( agriculture 7 be+ l9k$ toge!r 9 ! new dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,*>les ,drury1 ! fir/ m9i/] ( ,agriculture1 held (fice until #ahij1 be+ succe$$ by ,john ,dryd51 :o cont9u$ 9 *>ge ( ! dep>tm5t until #aije1 :5 a cons]vative gov]nm5t took ! place ( ! lib]al gov]nm5t t _h be5 9 p[] s9ce #ahga4 ,two factors imm$iately began to play a mo/ important "p 9 ! agricultural situation3 ! op5+ up ( ! nor?-we/]n l&s by ! completion ( ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway 9 #ahhf1 & ! enactm5t1 on ,octob] #f1 #ahij1 ( ! ,mc,kinley high t>iff by ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! =m] attract$ ,ont>io's surplus population1 & made x no long] pr(itable or desirable to gr[ :eat 9 ! prov9ce = export2 ! latt] clos$ ! doors to ! export ( b>ley1 live /ock1 butt]1 & eggs4 ,! situation 0 desp]ate2 agriculture 0 pass+ ?r\gh a p]iod ( mo/ try+ exp]i5ce4 ,any o!r indu/ry ?an t ( agriculture w\ld h be5 bankrupt$4 ,! only hope ( ! ,ont>io f>m] n[ 0 9 ! ,briti% m>ket4 ,! sales ( "o ,ont>io product1 factory *eese1 _h be5 /eadily increas+ 9 ! great consum+ di/ricts ( ,engl& & ,scotl&1 & !re 0 reason to believe t o!r products might be sold to equal advantage4 ,dairy+ 0 ! "o l9e ( agricultural "w t help$ to tide ov] ! situation 9 ! e>ly n9eties4 ,! me?ods t _h succe$$ 9 build+ up ! *eese indu/ry mu/ be appli$ to o!r l9es1 & all ! organiz$ =ces mu/ be co-ord9at$ 9 c>ry+ ?is out4 ,?is 0 "w = a dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 & ! m9i/] ( ,agriculture1 ,john ,dryd51 :o guid$ & direct$ ?is co-op]ation ( =ces & made plans = ! future gr[? & expansion ( agricultural "w1 0 an imp]iali/ inde$ :o1 9 days ( depression & difficulty1 direct$ =ces & devis$ plans t n only help$ ! agricultural classes to recov] _! prosp]ity1 b also made = ! /r5g!n+ ( imp]ial ties & ! work+ out ( national greatness4 ,! ,briti% m>ket pres5t$ new conditions1 new dem&s4 ,! ,nor?-,we/ c\ld s5d h] raw products 9 ! %ape ( :eat2 ,ont>io mu/ s5d f9i%$ products--beef1 bacon1 *eese1 butt]1 fruit1 eggs1 & p\ltry--^! & simil> products c\ld be m>ket$ 9 l>ge quantities if only !y c\ld be suppli$ ( "r quality4 ,transportation ( ! "r k9d 0 a prime necessity4 ,lumb]1 :eat1 & o!r r\gh products c\ld be h&l$ )\t difficulty1 b p]i%able goods dem&$ special accommodation4 ,?is 0 a matt] belong+ to ! gov]nm5t ( ,canada1 & to x ! ,dom9ion dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture at once began to give att5tion4 ,! production ( ! goods = %ipm5t 0 a matt] = prov9cial direction4 ,gradually ! f>m]s ( ! prov9ce adapt$ !mselves to ! new conditions & aft] a "t recov]$ _! lo/ gr\nd4 ,g5]al prosp]ity came 9 sight aga9 ab\t #ahie4 ,= sev]al ye>s aft] ?is ! output ( beef1 bacon1 & *eese increas$ /eadily1 & ! ga9s made 9 ! ,briti% m>ket m ?an (fset ! loss ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates m>ket4 ,x 0 dur+ ! five ye>s aft] #ahij t ! f>m]s suff]$ s sev]ely :ile adju/+ _! "w to ! new conditions4 ,) ^! exp&+ l9es ( ,briti% trade products1 ! values ( /ock1 implem5ts1 & build+s made /eady advance1 & 9 #aija ! total value ( all f>m prop]ty 9 ! prov9ce cross$ ! billion doll> m>k4 ,s9ce t ye> ! annual increase 9 total f>m values has be5 approximately =ty million doll>s4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t ( total f>m values 9 ,ont>io1 z compil$ by ! ,ont>io bureau ( ,indu/ries1 ! /ati/ical bran* ( ! dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 is v sugge/ive3 ,total ,f>m ,values #ahhe #ieh1aei1gdj #ahhf #ihi1dig1iaa #ahhg #ige1bib1bad #ahhh #iha1cfh1jid #ahhi #ihb1baj1ffd #ahij #igj1ibg1jce #ahia #iga1hhf1jfh #ahib #igi1igg1bdd #ahic #igj1cfa1jgj #ahid #ied1cie1ejg #ahie #ica1ihi1egd #ahif #iaj1bia1fbc #ahig #ije1jic1fac #ahih #ibc1jbb1dbj #ahii #idg1eac1cfj #aijj #igd1had1ica #aija #a1jja1cbc1bif #aijb #a1jdd1hid1ccb #aijf #a1ahi1aai1abj #aiji #a1bda1jai1aji ,f ! above table x w be se5 t ! clos+ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates m>kets 9 #ahij 0 foll[$ by a depreciation 9 g5]al f>m values :i* la/$ until #ahih1 :5 ! upw>d movem5t t has cont9u$ ev] s9ce set 94 ,& n[ let u see h[ ! population 0 *ang+1 z to its di/ribution betwe5 rural & urban1 dur+ ^! ye>s4 ,fir/1 we %all give ! assess$ population4 ,rural ,urban #ahhd #a1aag1hhj #fcf1ahg #ahhe #a1abf1eed #feh1djf #ahij #a1aag1ecc #hjj1jda #ahie #a1aji1jac #hdh1cgg #aijj #a1jid1bdf #iai1fad #aije #a1jei1cgi #a1jdb1hha #aiji #a1jdi1bdj #a1bdj1aih ,! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway op5$ up ! :eat l&s ( ! ,we/ 9 #ahhf4 ,at t "t ! rural population 0 ne>ly d\ble ! urban2 9 #aije !y 7 ab\t equal2 & six ye>s lat] ! urban population ( ,ont>io exce$$ ! rural4 ,! ,dom9ion c5sus figures are z foll[s3 ,rural ,urban #aiaa #a1aid1ghe #a1cbh1dhi #aija #a1bdf1ifi #ice1igh --------- --------- ,increase 4444 #cib1eaa ,decrease #eb1ahd 4444 ,x w ?us be se5 t dur+ ! pa/ tw5ty-five ye>s !re has be5 a /eady increase 9 ! consum]s ( food products 9 ,ont>io & a slight decrease 9 ! produc]s ( ! same4 ,! surplus population ( ! f>ms has gone to ! t[ns & cities ( ,ont>io & to ! we/]n prov9ces4 ,n[ = a mom5t let u foll[ ^! p to ! ,we/4 ,_m ( !m h gone on ! l& to produce :eat4 ,:eat = ! ,european m>ket has be5 _! pr9cipal product1 !re=e !y 9 turn h become consum]s ( l>ge quantities ( food t !y d n !mselves produce b mu/ obta9 f f>m]s else:]e4 ,b n all :o h gone ,we/ h become f>m]s4 ,! ,dom9ion c5sus ( #aiaa gives ! foll[+ /atem5t ( population = ! prov9ces & di/ricts we/ ( ,lake ,sup]ior3 ,rural ,urban #aiaa #a1jei1fha #fha1baf #aija #ddf1jej #aii1dfg --------- ------- ,increase #fac1fca #dha1gdi ,! we/]n prov9ces are g5]ally consid]$ to be almo/ purely agricultural1 & yet ! p]c5tage increase ( urban population has be5 ne>ly d\ble ! p]c5tage increase ( rural population4 ,& ?is rapidly gr[+ urban population also has dem&$ food products4 ,_! own f>m]s gr[ :eat & oats & b>ley4 ,briti% ,columbia produces fruit = h] own p & "s surplus = ! prairie prov9ces4 ,!re is "s /ock-rais+1 b ! rapid ext5sion ( :eat areas has int]f]$ ) ! great /ock ran*es4 ,f out ( ! ,great ,we/1 !re=e1 !re has come an increas+ dem& = _m food products4 ,add to ?is ! gr[+ home m>ket 9 ,ont>io1 &1 keep+ 9 m9d t ! ,we/ c gr[ :eat m *eaply ?an ,ont>io1 x w be und]/ood :y ( rec5t ye>s ! ,ont>io f>m] has be5 compell$ to give up ! production ( :eat = export4 ,8 l9e ( successful & pr(itable "w has be5 9 produc+ to supply ! dem&s ( 8 own gr[+ home m>ket1 & ! dem&s ( ! rapidly increas+ p ( ! ,we/1 bo? rural & urban1 & also to %>e 9 ! insatiable m>ket ( ,great ,brita94 ,ano!r elem5t ( m rec5t orig9 has be5 ! small b v pr(itable m>ket ( ,nor!rn ,ont>io1 :]e lumb]+1 m9+1 & railroad con/ruction h be5 s active 9 ! pa/ five or six ye>s4 ,! result ( all ?is has be5 a great increase 9 fruit production4 ,old or*>ds h be5 reviv$ & new or*>ds h be5 set out4 ,! ext5sion ( ! cann+ indu/ry also is mo/ noticeable1 & has occasion$ ! production ( fruits & vegetables 9 enorm\s quantities4 ,special crops su* z tobacco1 beans1 & sug> beets are be+ gr[n 9 c\nties :]e soil & climatic conditions are fav\rable4 ,! production ( p\ltry & eggs is also receiv+ m att5tion ea* succe$+ ye>4 ,! gr[? ( cities is creat+ an increas+ dem& = milk1 & ! production ( factory-made butt] & *eese is also increas+1 z ! foll[+ figures = ,ont>io f ! ,dom9ion c5sus prove3 ,butt] ,*eese #aijj #g1eei1edb lb4 #aca1ifg1fab lb4 #aiaj #ac1fii1aec #aeg1fca1hhc ,= ! pa/ t5 or twelve ye>s ! f>m]s ( ,ont>io h be5 sl[ly adju/+ _! "w to ! new situation1 & ! transition is cont9u+4 ,:ile 9 "s sections f>ms are be+ enl>g$ s z to p]mit ! m ext5sive use ( lab\r-sav+ ma*9]y & ! m economical h&l+ ( live /ock1 9 o!r sections1 p>ticul>ly 9 c\nties adjac5t to ! ,great ,lakes1 l>ge f>ms are be+ cut up into small] hold+s & int5sive production ( fruits & vegetables is n[ ! practice4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 results 9 a /eady increase 9 l& values & is foll[$ by an increase 9 rural population4 ,! f>m]s ( ,ont>io are putt+ =? e ef=t to meet ! dem&s = food products4 ,! "o great difficulty t !y h enc\nt]$ has be5 ! sc>city ( f>m lab\r4 ,m5 h come f ,europe by ! t5s ( ?\s&s1 b !y h be5 drawn l>gely to ! gr[+ t[ns & cities by ! high wages (f]$ 9 indu/rial l9es2 & ! ,we/1 ! ',gold5 ,we/' z x is sometimes call$1 has prov$ an ev5 /rong] attraction4 ,x seems r>ely to occur to ! new arrival t ! av]age f>m 9 ,ont>io c\ld produce m ?an a qu>t] section ( prairie l&4 ,signs1 h[ev]1 po9t to an increase 9 rural population1 ?r\gh ! spread ( int5sive agriculture4 ,be=e ref]r+ to ! me?ods ( in/ruction & assi/ance provid$ = ! develop+ ( ?is new agriculture 9 ,ont>io1 ref]5ce %\ld be made to "o ?+ t is g5]ally ov]look$ by ^? :o p]iodically discov] ?is rapid urban increase1 & :o moralize mo/ gloomily ^u a movem5t t is to be f\nd 9 ne>ly e progressive c\ntry ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,9 ! days ( e>ly settlem5t ! f>m] & 8 family suppli$ ne>ly all _! own wants4 ,! f>m] produc$ all 8 own food2 he kill$ 8 own /ock1 salt$ 8 pork1 & smok$ 8 hams4 ,8 wife 0 exp]t 9 sp9n+ & weav+1 & plait$ ! /raw hats = ! family4 ,! j\rneyman %oemak] dropp$ 9 & fitt$ out ! family ) boots4 ,! great city indu/ries 7 !n unkn[n4 ,! f>m]'s wife 9 ^? days 0 p]haps ! mo/ exp]t ma/] ( trades ev] kn[n4 ,%e c\ld sp9 & weave1 make a c>pet or a rug1 dye y>ns & clo!s1 & make a /raw hat or a bir* broom4 ,butt]1 *eese1 & maple sug> 7 products ( h] skill1 z well z bread1 soap1 cann$ fruits1 & home-made w9e4 ,9 ^? days ! f>m 0 a m9iature factory or comb9ation ( factories4 ,_m1 9 fact mo/1 ( ^! indu/ries h gradually mov$ out ( ! f>m home & h be5 conc5trat$ 9 great factories2 & ! p$l> ) 8 pack has disappe>$ "u a %[] ( catalogues f ! dep>tm5tal city /ore4 ,9 o!r words1 a l>ge portion ( "w once done ^u ! f>m & at ! c\ntry cross-roads has be5 transf]r$ to ! t[n & city1 & ?is1 9 "s "p1 expla9s ! mod]n movem5t cityw>ds-- !re has be5 a transf]5ce f c\ntry to city n only ( p b also ( indu/ries4 ,:e!r ?is has be5 9 ! int]e/s ( ! p is ano!r "q1 b ! process is /ill go+ on1 & :at fur!r *anges may take place x is difficult to det]m9e & unwise to =eca/4 ,& n[ let u see :at ag5cies & organizations h be5 us$ 9 ! developm5t ( ! special l9es ( agriculture s9ce ! creation ( ! dep>tm5t 9 #ahhh4 ,we h /at$ t ! ,agriculture & ,arts ,association _h be5 = _m ye>s ! direct+ =ce 9 prov9cial agricultural organization4 ,x held an annual prov9cial exhibition2 x issu$ ! diplomas to ! graduates ( ! ,ont>io ,vet]9>y ,college2 & x controll$ ! v>i\s live /ock associations t 7 int]e/$ 9 ! regi/ration ( /ock4 ,%ortly aft] #ahhh legislation 0 enact$ transf]r+ ! "w to ! dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,! place = hold+ ! prov9cial exhibition 0 *ang$ f ye> to ye>4 ,9 #ahgi a *>t] 0 obta9$ by special act = ! ,toronto ,indu/rial ,exhibition1 ! basis ( :i* 0 ! ,toronto ,electoral ,agricultural ,society4 ,out ( ?is came ! annual ,toronto ,exhibition1 n[ kn[n z ! ,canadian ,national ,exhibition1 & ! gov]nm5tal exhibition 0 discont9u$4 ,! ,ont>io ,vet]9>y ,college 0 a privately own$ in/itution1 ?\gh ! diplomas 7 issu$ by ! ,agriculture & ,arts ,association4 ,! royal commission appo9t$ 9 #aije to inve/igate ! ,univ]sity ( ,toronto recomm5d$ ! tak+ ov] ( ?is association by ! gov]nm5t1 & z a result x pass$ "u ! control ( ! dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #aijh1 & 0 affiliat$ ) ! ,univ]sity ( ,toronto4 ,s9ce t "t ! diploma ( ,vet]9>y ,surgeon 7,v4,s47 has be5 issu$ by ! m9i/] ( ,agriculture1 & a supplem5t>y degree ( ,ba*elor ( ,vet]9>y ,sci5ce 7,b4,v4,sc47 has be5 grant$ by ! univ]sity4 ,! tak+ ov] ( ?is in/itution by ! gov]nm5t1 ! resum+ by ! prov9ce ( its orig9al pr]ogative1 0 accompani$ by an enl>gem5t ( ! c\rse1 an ext5sion f two ye>s to ?ree ye>s 9 ! p]iod ( in/ruction1 & a /r5g!n+ ( ! faculty4 ,! h]d-books or p$igree record books 71 9 mo/ cases1 ,canadian1 & x 0 felt t !y %\ld be locat$ at ! capital ( ! ,dom9ion4 ,^! h !re=e be5 transf]r$ to ,ottawa & are n[ conduct$ "u ,dom9ion regulations4 ,! ,ont>io bureau ( ,indu/ries 0 ! basis ( organization ( ! dep>tm5t4 ,z o!r "w 0 add$ ! dep>tm5t grew 9 size & importance1 & ! v>i\s bran*es 7 in/itut$ until !re develop$ a well-organiz$ dep>tm5t hav+ ! foll[+ subdivisions3 ,! ,agricultural ,college1 ,! ,vet]9>y ,college1 ,! ,agricultural & ,horticultural ,societies ,bran*1 ,! ,live ,/ock ,bran*1 ,! ,f>m]s' & ,wom5's ,in/itutes ,bran*1 ,! ,dairy ,bran*1 ,! ,fruit ,bran*1 ,! ,/ati/ical ,bran*1 ,! ,immigration & ,colonization ,bran*4 ,ea* bran* is 9 *>ge ( a special (fic]4 ,9 addition to ! above !re is a lot ( miscellane\s "w1 :i* z x develops w probably be organiz$ into sep>ate bran*es1 su* z f>m =e/ry1 di/rict repres5tatives1 etc4 ,john ,dryd5 0 9 #aije succe$$ z m9i/] ( ,agriculture by ,nelson ,montei?1 :o 9 #aijh 0 succe$$ by ,j4 ,s4 ,duff4 ,"u _! c>e ! dep>tm5t has gr[n & exp&$1 & ?r\gh _! recomm5dations1 ye> by ye>1 increas+ am\nts ( money h be5 obta9$ = ! ext5sion ( agricultural in/ruction & ! m ?or\gh work+ out ( plans inaugurat$ 9 ! e>li] ye>s ( dep>tm5tal organization4 ,! hi/ory ( agricultural "w 9 ,ont>io 9 rec5t ye>s may be put "u two heads--expansion ( ! v>i\s organizations & ext5sion ( _! op]ations1 & ! developm5t ( :at may be call$ 'field "w4' ,f>m]s' in/itutes & wom5's in/itutes h multipli$2 agricultural societies n[ cov] ! entire prov9ce2 local horse associations1 p\ltry associations1 & beekeep]s' associations h be5 enc\rag$2 w9t] fairs = live /ock h be5 e/abli%$ at ,guelph & ,ottawa2 dairy in/ructors h be5 increas$ 9 numb] & effici5cy2 %ort c\rses 9 live /ock1 se$ improvem5t1 fruit "w1 & dairy+ h be5 held2 & f>m dra9age has receiv$ practical enc\ragem5t4 ,p]haps ! mo/ important advance ( late ye>s has result$ ?r\gh ! appo9tm5t ( :at are kn[n z di/rict repres5tatives4 ,9 co-op]ation ) ! dep>tm5t ( ,education1 graduates ( ! ,agricultural ,college h be5 p]man5tly locat$ 9 ! v>i\s c\nties to /udy ! agricultural conditions & to initiate & direct any movem5t t w\ld assi/ 9 develop+ ! agricultural "w4 ,^! graduates organize %ort c\rses at v>i\s c5tres1 conduct classes 9 high s*ools1 assi/ ! f>m]s 9 procur+ ! be/ se$1 advise z to new l9es ( "w1 assi/ 9 dra9age1 sup]vise ! c>e ( or*>ds--9 %ort1 !y c>ry ! "w ( ! ,agricultural ,college & ( ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! dep>tm5t "r to ! f>m]1 & give t impetus to bett] f>m+ :i* c come only f p]sonal contact4 ,! gr[? ( ! di/rict repres5tative sy/em has be5 rem>kable3 x 0 begun 9 sev5 c\nties 9 #aijg1 by #aiaj fifte5 c\nties _h repres5tatives1 & 9 #aiad no few] ?an ?irty-eight c\nties 7 s equipp$4 ,at fir/ ! f>m]s di/ru/$ & ev5 some:at oppos$ ! movem5t1 b ! di/rict repres5tative soon prov$ himself s helpful t ! gov]nm5t has f\nd x difficult to comply ) ! num]\s reque/s = ^! apo/les ( sci5tific f>m+4 ,approximately #abe1jjj is sp5t ea* ye> on ! "w by ! prov9cial gov]nm5t1 9 addition to ! #ejj grant$ annually by ! c\nty to ea* di/rict (fice4 ,! result ( all ?is is t new & m pr(itable l9es ( f>m+ are be+ und]tak51 specializ+ 9 production is be+ enc\rag$1 & ,ont>io agriculture is advanc+ rapidly along ! l9es to :i* ! soils1 ! climate1 & ! p are adapt$4 ,a /udy ( ! hi/ory ( ,ont>io agriculture %[s _m *anges 9 ! pa/ hundr$ ye>s1 b at no "t has !re be5 s important & s int]e/+ a developm5t z t :i* took place 9 ! op5+ decade ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,signature3 ,c ,c ,james ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! foll[+ correction 0 made3 p4 #egb3 ,newburg to ,newburgh ,spell+ 9 quot$ passages has n be5 *ang$4 ,page numb]+ mat*es ! orig9al4