from the ,google ,print project47 ,,news ,,writing ,,the ,,gathering1 ,,handling ,,and ,,writing ,,of ,,news ,,stories ,,by ,m4 ,,lyle ,,spencer1 ,,ph4,d4 ,,professor ,,of ,,english1 ,,lawrence ,,college ,,on ,,the ,,staff ,,of ,,the ,,milwaukee ,,journal ,d4 ,c4 ,,heath ,,co41 ,,publishers ,,boston ,,new ,,york ,,chicago ,,copyright1 #aiag1 ,,by ,d4 ,c4 ,,heath ,,co4 ,,to ,,thomas ,b4 ,,reid ,,dean ,,of ,,the ,,wisconsin ,,newspaper ,,men ,,preface ,the first week of a reporter's work is generally the most nerve-racking of his journalistic experience4 ,unacquainted with his associates1 ignorant of his duties1 embarrassed because of his ignorance1 he wastes more time in useless effort1 dissipates more energy in worry1 and grows more despondent over his work and his career than during any month of his later years4 ,yet most of his depression would be unnecessary if he knew his duties4 ,to acquaint the prospective reporter with these duties and their proper performance is the purpose of this volume1 which has been written as a practical guide for beginners in news writing4 ,its dominating purpose is practicalness4 ,if it fails in this1 its main purpose will be lost4 ,because of this practical aim the attempt has been made to approach the work of the reporter as he will meet it on beginning his first morning's duties in the news office4 ,after an introductory division explaining the organization of a newspaper and acquainting the beginner with his fellows and superiors in the editorial rooms1 the book opens with an exposition of news4 ,it then takes up sources of news1 methods of getting stories1 and the preparation of copy for the city desk4 ,in discussing the writing of the story1 it has seemed necessary to devote much attention to the lead1 experience showing that the point of greatest difficulty in handling a story lies in the choice of a proper and effectively worded lead4 ,likewise1 it has been necessary to discuss the sentence at great length and to touch the paragraph only lightly1 because the one is so much a matter of individual judgment1 the other subject to such definite laws1--laws of which1 however1 most cub reporters are grossly ignorant4 ,in some classes in news writing the instructor will find it possible and advisable to pass hastily over the chapter on ,the ,sentence1 but as a rule he will find a careful study of it profitable4 ,in ,part ,,iii1 that dealing with types of stories1 emphasis has been laid on interview1 crime1 and sports stories1 because it is these that the cub reporter must be most familiar with on taking up his work in the newspaper office4 ,for the same practical reasons the volume omits editorial and copy reading1 and makes no attempt to teach the beginner to be a dramatic critic or a city editor4 ,it aims to give him only those details and that instruction which shall make him a competent1 reliable reporter for the city editor who first employs his services4 ,the book is written also with the belief1 based on practical experience1 that news writing as a craft can be taught4 ,it is not contended that schools can produce star reporters4 ,the newspaper office is the only place where they can be developed4 ,but it is maintained that the college can send to the city room men and women who have been guided beyond the discouraging defeats of mere cub reporting1 just as schools of law1 medicine1 and commerce can graduate lawyers1 doctors1 and business men who know the rudiments of their professions4 ,and this contention is based on experience4 ,during the last four years the studies here offered have been followed closely in the class room1 from which students have been graduated who are now holding positions of first rank on leading ,american dailies4 ,some too1 though not all1 had had no previous experience in newspaper work4 ,all the illustrations and exercises except two are taken from published news articles1 most of the stories being unchanged4 ,in some1 however1 fictitious names and addresses1 for obvious reasons1 have been substituted4 ,for aid in the preparation of this volume my thanks are due to ,mr4 ,c4 ,o4 ,skinrood of ,the ,milwaukee ,journal1 ,mr4 ,warren ,b4 ,bullock of ,the ,milwaukee ,sentinel1 and ,mr4 ,paul ,f4 ,hunter of ,the ,sheboygan ,press1 who have made numerous criticisms upon the book during its different stages4 ,their suggestions have been invaluable4 ,for permission to reprint stories from their columns my thanks also are due to the ,appleton ,post1 ,atlanta ,constitution1 ,boston ,transcript1 ,chicago ,american1 ,chicago ,herald1 ,chicago ,tribune1 ,des ,moines ,register1 ,indianapolis ,news1 ,kansas ,city ,star1 ,los ,angeles ,times1 ,milwaukee ,journal1 ,milwaukee ,sentinel1 ,minneapolis ,tribune1 ,new ,york ,herald1 ,new ,york ,sun1 ,new ,york ,times1 ,new ,york ,tribune1 ,new ,york ,world1 ,omaha ,news1 ,philadelphia ,public ,ledger1 and the ,washington ,post4 ,m4 ,l4 ,s ,,appleton1 ,,wisconsin ,march #ab1 #aiag ,,contents ,,part ,i ,,organization ,,of ,,the ,,paper ,i4 ,,introduction #c ,,ii4 ,,the ,,editorial ,,rooms #e ,,iii4 ,,the ,,mechanical ,,department #ac ,,iv4 ,,the ,,business ,,department #bj ,,part ,,ii ,,the ,,news ,,story ,v4 ,,what ,,news ,,is #be ,,vi4 ,,news ,,sources #cd ,,vii4 ,,getting ,,the ,,story #db ,,viii4 ,,organization ,,of ,,the ,,story #eg ,,ix4 ,,the ,,lead #fh ,x4 ,,the ,,body ,,of ,,the ,,story #hd ,,xi4 ,,the ,,paragraph #ig ,,xii4 ,,the ,,sentence #ii ,,xiii4 ,,words #aaf ,,part ,,iii ,,types ,,of ,,stories ,,xiv4 ,,interviews1 ,,speeches1 ,,courts #abe ,,xv4 ,,accident1 ,,crime #adi ,,xvi4 ,,sports #afd ,,xvii4 ,,society #aii ,,xviii4 ,,follow-,,ups1 ,,rewrites #bab ,,xix4 ,,feature ,,stories #bbd ,,xx4 ,,correspondence ,,stories #bce ,,appendix ,,style ,,book #bdi ,,marks ,,used ,,in ,,correcting ,,copy #bgc ,,corrected ,,copy #bge ,,specimen ,,proof #bgf ,,terminology #bgh ,,exercises #bhe ,,index #cec ,,part ,i ,,organization ,,of ,,the ,,paper ,,news ,,writing ,,organization ,,of ,,the ,,paper ,i4 ,,introduction #a4 ,the ,city ,room4--,the city room is the place where a reporter presents himself for work the first day4 ,it is impossible to give an exact description of this room1 because no two editorial offices are ever alike4 ,if the reporter has allied himself with a country weekly1 he may find the city room and the business office in one1 with the owner of the paper and himself as the sole dependence for village news4 ,if he has obtained work on a small daily1 he may find a diminutive office1 perhaps twelve by fifteen feet1 with the city editor the only other reporter4 ,if he has been employed by a metropolitan journal1 he will probably find one large room and several smaller adjoining offices1 and an editorial force of twenty to thirty or forty helpers1 depending upon the size of the paper4 #b4 ,metropolitan ,papers4--,the metropolitan paper1 of course1 is the most complex in organization1 and is therefore the one for a beginner to examine4 ,the chances are two to one that the cub will have to begin on a so-called country daily1 but if he knows the organization of a large paper1 he will experience little trouble in learning the less complicated system of a small one4 ,for this reason the reader is given in ,part ,i an explanation of the organization of a representative metropolitan newspaper4 #c4 ,all ,papers ,different4--,the reader is cautioned1 however1 against taking this exposition as an explanation of anything more than a typical newspaper4 ,the details of organization of various papers will be found to differ somewhat4 ,the number of editors and their precise duties will vary4 ,one journal will be a morning1 another an afternoon1 paper2 a third will be a twenty-four-hour daily1 employing a double shift of men and having one city editor with day and night assistants4 ,one paper will have a universal copy desk with a single copy editor handling all departments4 ,another will have1 instead of a state editor1 a section editor1 a man who handles all special matter not carried by the press service from possibly half a dozen states4 ,thus the organizations vary in certain minor details1 sometimes materially so2 but1 on the whole1 one general system will prevail4 ,and it is to give the student an understanding of a typical newspaper plant that ,part ,i is written4 ,,ii4 ,,the ,,editorial ,,rooms #d4 ,beginning ,work4--,as stated in the preceding chapter1 the place at which the reporter presents himself for work the first day is the city room4 ,before coming1 he will have seen the city editor and received instructions as to the time4 ,if the office is that of a morning paper1 he will probably be required to come some time between noon and six ,p4,m4 ,if it is that of an afternoon paper1 he will be asked to report at six or seven ,a4,m4 ,let us suppose it is a metropolitan afternoon journal and that he is requested to be in the office at seven1 the hour when the city editor appears4 ,the ambitious reporter will always be in his place not later than #f3de1 so that he may see the city editor enter4 #e4 ,copy ,readers4--,when a reporter appears on his first morning1 he will find a big1 desk-crowded room1 deserted except for two or three silent workers reading and clipping papers at a long table4 ,these men are known variously as the gas-house gang1 the lobster shift1 the morning stars1 etc4 ,they are the reporters and copy readers who read the morning papers for stories that may be rewritten or followed up for publication during the day4 ,they have been on duty since two or three in the morning and have prepared most of the material for the bull-dog edition1 the morning issue printed some time between #g3jj and #aj3jj ,a4,m4 and mainly rewritten from the morning papers4 ,on the entrance of the new reporter they will look up1 direct him to a chair where he may sit until the city editor comes1 and pay no more attention to him4 ,they1 or others who take their places1 edit all the news stories4 ,they correct spelling and punctuation1 rewrite a story when the reporter has missed the main feature1 reconstruct the lead1 cut out contradictions1 duplications1 and libelous statements1 and in general make the article conform to the length and style demanded by the paper2 and having carefully revised the story1 they write the headlines and chute it to the composing room4 ,on the whole1 these men are the most unpopular on the force1 since they are subject to double criticism1 from the editors above them and the reporters whose copy they correct4 ,the city editor and the managing editor hold them responsible for poor headlines1 libelous statements1 involved sentences1 and errors generally2 the reporters blame them for pruning down their stories1 changing leads1 and often destroying what they regard as the very point of what they had to say4 #f4 ,other ,reporters4--,as the new reporter waits by the city editor's desk1 he will notice the arrival of the other members of the staff1 who immediately begin their work for the day4 ,one of these is the labor reporter4 ,his business is to obtain and write news relating to labor and unions4 ,another is the marine reporter4 ,he handles all news relating to shipping1 clearing and docking of vessels1 etc4 ,another reporter handles all stories coming from the police court4 ,another watches the morgue and the hospitals4 ,another1 usually a woman1 obtains society news4 ,still another visits the hotels4 ,and so the division of reporters continues until all the sources of news have been parceled out4 #g4 ,the ,city ,editor4--,then the city editor enters4 ,if the reporter wishes to make good1 let him love the law of the city editor4 ,he is the man to whom all the reporters and some of the copy readers are responsible1 and who in turn is responsible to the managing editor for the gathering and preparation of city news4 ,he must know where news can be found1 direct the getting of news1 and see that it is put into the paper properly4 ,when news is abundant1 he must decide which stories shall be discarded1 and on those rarer occasions when all the world--the good and the bad--seems to have gone to sleep1 he must know how to make news4 ,every story written in the city room is first passed on by the city editor1 who turns it over to the copy readers for correction4 ,even the length of each story is determined by him1 and often the nature of it1 whether it shall be humorous1 pathetic1 tragic1 or mysterious4 ,to his desires and idiosyncrasies the reporter must learn quickly to adapt himself4 ,sometimes the city editor may err4 ,sometimes1 during his absence1 he may put in authority eccentric substitutes1 smaller men who issue arbitrary commands and require stories entirely different in style and character from what is regularly required4 ,but the cub's first lesson must be in adaptability1 willingness to obey orders and to accept news policies determined by those in authority4 ,he must therefore follow to the letter the wishes of the city editor 7or his assistants7 and must always be loyal to him and his plans4#a #a ,for an admirable exposition of the way in which the city editor handles his men and big stories1 the student is advised to read two excellent articles by ,alex4 ,mc,d4 ,stoddart3 ,when a ,gaynor is ,shot1 ,independent1 ,august #be1 #aiaj1 and ,telling the ,tale of the ,titanic1 ,independent1 ,may #b1 #aiab4 #h4 ,the ,news ,editor4--,as a reporter's acquaintance grows1 he will come to know other editors in the city room1--the news1 telegraph1 state1 market1 sporting1 literary1 dramatic1 and other editors4 ,of these the news editor1 sometimes known also as the make-up or the assistant managing editor1 is most important4 ,he handles all the telegraph and cable copy and much of what is sent in by mail4 ,he decides what position the stories shall take in the paper1 which articles shall have big heads and which little ones1 which shall be thrown out1 and in general determines the make-up of the pages4 ,the news editor is always a bright man of wide knowledge1 thoroughly conversant with state and national social and political movements1 and more or less intimately acquainted with all sections of the ,united ,states4 #i4 ,telegraph ,editor4--,next to the news editor1 and usually his chief assistant1 is the telegraph editor4 ,on some papers the two positions are combined4 ,this man handles all telegraph copy from without the state1 including that of the press bureaus and special correspondents in important ,american and ,european cities4 ,frequently in the largest news offices there are as many as a dozen telegraph operators who take his stories over direct wires4 ,like the news editor1 he must be a man of wide acquaintance in order to know the value of a story from a distant section of the ,united ,states or the world4 ,since the outbreak of the ,european war1 his has been an unusually responsible position because of the immense amount of war news and the necessity of knowing the exact importance of the capture of a certain city or the fall of a fort4 #aj4 ,state ,editor4--,next comes the state editor1 who is responsible for all the state news and helps with the telegraph copy and local news when it becomes too bulky for the other copy readers to handle4 ,the state editor manages the correspondents throughout the state and is particularly valuable when his paper is in the capital city or the metropolis of the state4 ,most of his copy comes by mail or long-distance telephone from correspondents residing or traveling in the state4 ,nearly all this copy needs editing1 coming as it does largely from correspondents on country dailies and weeklies4 ,in addition to editing stories sent in by correspondents1 the state editor keeps a space book1 from which he makes to the cashier in the business office a weekly or monthly report of the amount of material contributed by each correspondent4 #aa4 ,sporting ,editor4--,unless given a place in the sporting department1 the reporter will not soon meet the sporting editor1 who1 with his assistants1 is usually honored with a room to himself and is independent of the city editor4 ,but some day1 by accident perhaps1 the cub will get a peep through a door across the hallway into a veritable den4 ,that is the sporting room4 ,the four walls are covered with cuts of ,willard1 ,gotch1 ,johnston1 ,matthewson1 ,travers1 ,hoppe1 and dozens of other celebrities in the realm of sports4 ,there the sporting editor--often a man who has been prominent in college athletics--reigns4 ,because of the intense interest in sports he must publish the news of his department promptly1 and in consequence he often is privileged to make expenditures more freely than other editors4 ,the sporting editor of a big daily must be an authority in athletic matters and should be able to decide on the instant1 without looking up the book of regulations1 any question relating to athletic rules or records4 #ab4 ,exchange ,editor4--,another editor1 who usually will be discovered in a room by himself1 is the exchange editor4 ,he will be found all but buried in piles of exchanges1 now and then clipping a story not covered on the wires1 an editorial1 a criticism of his own paper1 or a comment of any kind that may be worth copying or following up4 ,he must know thoroughly the bias of his paper1 to know what to clip and publish4 ,favorable references to his paper he reprints4 ,criticisms he refers to the managing editor1 who reads them and throws them into the waste basket1 or else keeps them for a reply in a later issue4 ,most of the jokes1 anecdotes of famous men and women1 stories of minor inventions and discoveries1 and timely articles relating to current events1 fashions1 beliefs1 etc41 published on the editorial page and in the feature sections of the ,sunday issue1 are the result of the exchange editor's long hours of patient reading of newspapers mailed from every section of the ,united ,states4 #ac4 ,the ,morgue4--,one of the chief duties of many exchange editors is to supply the morgue with material for its files4 ,the morgue1 sometimes called the library1 is an important adjunct of every newspaper office4 ,in it are kept1 perhaps ready for printing1 obituaries of well-known men1 stories of their rise to prominence1 pictures of them and their families1 accounts of great discoveries1 inventions1 and disasters1 and facts on every conceivable newspaper topic1--all ready for hasty reference or use4 ,if the ,president of the ,united ,states were to drop dead from apoplexy1 the papers would have on the streets in a quarter of an hour's time columns of stories giving his whole career4 ,when the steamer ,eastland turned over in the ,chicago ,river1 causing the death of #ijj persons1 the papers published in their regular editions boxed summaries of all previous ship disasters4 ,when ,willard knocked out ,johnson at ,havana1 reviews of ,willard's and ,johnson's ring careers were printed in numerous dailies4 ,all such stories are procured from the morgue1 from files supplied mainly by the exchange editor4 ,in some of the larger offices1 however1 these files are maintained independently of the exchange editor1 and are under the charge of the librarian and a staff of assistants who keep catalogued lists of all maps1 cuts1 photographs1 and clippings4 ,on a moment's notice these may be obtained for use in the paper4 #ad4 ,other ,editors4--,other editors1 who may be passed with brief mention because of their minor importance in this volume1 are the market1 dramatic1 literary1 and society editors1 and the editorial writers4 ,the market editor handles all matters of a financial nature4 ,sometimes on the largest dailies there are both a market and a financial editor1 but usually the work is combined under a single man whose duties are to keep in close touch with markets1 banks1 manufactories1 and large mercantile companies1 and to write up simply and accurately from day to day the financial condition of the city and the country4 ,the duty of the literary editor is often little more than book reviewing4 ,frequently he does not have an office in the building1 and on small papers his only remuneration is the gift of the book he reviews4 ,the society editor1 in addition to reporting notes of the social world1 generally handles fashion stories1 answers letters regarding etiquette1 love1 and marriage1 and edits all material for the woman's page4 ,the work of the editorial writers is explained by their name4 ,they quit work at all sorts of hours1 take two hours off for lunch1 and are known in the city room as highbrows4 ,but many an editorial writer who comes to work at nine in the morning has worked very late the night before1 searching for facts utilized in a half-column of editorial matter4 #ae4 ,cartoonists and ,photographers4--,the business of the cartoonist is to draw one cartoon a day upon some timely civic or political subject4 ,he is responsible to the managing editor4 ,under him are other cartoonists who illustrate individual stories or do cartoon work for special departments of the paper4 ,the sporting editor has one such man1 and the city editor has one or two4 ,finally1 there are the photographers1 subject to the city editor1 who rush hither and thither to all parts of the city and state1 taking scenes valuable for cuts4 #af4 ,the ,managing ,editor4--,the men whose work we have been discussing thus far are those whom the reporter meets in his daily work4 ,above all these is an executive officer whom the cub reporter rarely sees1--the managing editor1 who has general supervision over all the news and editorial departments of the paper4 ,he does little writing or editing himself1 his time being taken up with administrative duties4 ,all unusual expenditures are submitted for his approval4 ,the size and make-up of the paper1 which varies greatly from day to day on the large dailies1 is a matter for his final decision4 ,the cartoonist submits to him rough drafts of contemplated drawings4 ,the city1 telegraph1 and news editors confer with him about getting important stories4 ,the ,sunday editor consults with him with regard to special features4 ,to him is submitted a proof of every story1 which he reads for possible libel and for general effectiveness4 ,now and then he returns a story to the city editor to be lengthened or to be pruned down4 ,occasionally he may kill an article4 ,always he is working at top speed1 from the time he gets to his office at #h3jj ,a4,m41 or #b3jj ,p4,m41 until he sits down to compare his paper with the first edition of rival publications4 ,for the managing editor scrutinizes with minute care every daily in the city1 and when he finds anything to his paper's discredit1 he begins an immediate investigation to learn how the slip happened and who was responsible4 #ag4 ,editor-in-,chief4--,above the managing editor is the editor-in-chief1 often the owner of the paper4 ,of him the sub-editors say that his chief business is playing golf and smoking fat cigars4 ,as a matter of fact1 his duties are at once the most and the least exacting of any on the paper4 ,he is either the owner or the personal representative of the owner1 who looks to him for the execution of his policies4 ,but since such policies necessarily must be subject to the most liberal interpretation1 the final responsibility of the editorial rooms falls on the shoulders of the editor-in-chief4 ,to make known the plans of the paper1 the editor-in-chief holds with the editorial writers1 the managing editor1 and the city editor weekly1 sometimes daily1 meetings1 at which are discussed all matters of doubt or dissatisfaction relating to the editorial rooms4 #ah4 ,conclusion4--,in conclusion1 then1 we have the editor-in-chief1 who is responsible for the general policies of the paper4 ,immediately beneath him is the managing editor1 who executes the editor-in-chief's orders4 ,responsible to the editor-in-chief or the managing editor are the editorial writers1 the news1 city1 sporting1 exchange1 literary1 and dramatic editors1 and the cartoonist4 ,beneath the city editor are a few of the copy readers and all the reporters4 ,such is the organization of the editorial staff of a typical metropolitan newspaper4 ,,iii4 ,,the ,,mechanical ,,department #ai4 ,division4--,beyond the editorial rooms is the mechanical department1 with which every reporter should be1 but rarely ever is1 acquainted4 ,because of the heavy machinery necessary for preparing and printing a paper1 the mechanical department is often found in the basement4 ,this department is divisible into three sub-departments1 the composing room1 the stereotyping room1 and the press room4 #bj4 ,the ,copy ,cutter4--,when a story has been revised by the copy reader and given proper headlines1 it is turned over to the head copy reader or the news editor1 who glances over it hastily to see that all is rightly done and chutes it in a pneumatic tube to the basket on the copy cutter's table or desk in the composing room4 ,the copy cutter in turn glances at the headlines and the two or three pages of copy1 and records the story upon a ruled blank on his desk4 ,then he clips the headlines and sends them by a copy distributor to the headline machine to be set up4 ,the two or three pages of copy he cuts into three or four or five takes1 puts the slug number or name on each1 and sends the takes to different compositors1 so that the whole story may be set up more quickly than if it were given all to one man4 ,if the time before going to press is very short1 the pages may be cut into more takes4 ,the slug names1 sometimes called guide or catch lines1 are marked on each take to enable the bank-men to assemble readily all the parts after they have been set in type4 #ba4 ,the ,linotype ,machine4--,each compositor on receiving his take places it on the copy-holder of his linotype or monotype machine and begins composing it into type4 ,the linotype machine consists of a keyboard not unlike that of the typewriter1 which actuates a magazine containing matrices or countersunk letter molds1 together with a casting mechanism for producing lines or bars of words4 ,by touching the keys1 the compositor releases letter by letter an entire line of matrices1 which are mustered automatically into the assembling-stick at the left and above the keyboard1 ready to be molded into a line of type4 ,when the assembling-stick is full of matrices1 enough to make a full line1 the operator is warned1 as on the typewriter1 by the ringing of a tiny bell4 ,the machinist then pulls a lever1 which releases molten lead on the line of matrices and casts a slug of metal representing the letters he has just touched on the keys4 ,the machine cuts and trims this slug of lead to an exact size1 conveys it to the receiving galley for finished lines1 and returns the matrices to their proper places in the magazine for use in a succeeding line4 ,when the operator has composed twenty or twenty-five of these slugs1 his take is completed4 ,he then removes the slugs from their holder1 wraps them in the manuscript1 and sends them to the bank to be assembled with the other takes of the same story4 ,the proof of the compositor's take looks something like the matter at the top of the next page4 ,the big three's are the compositor's slug number4 ,this take was set up by the workman operating machine number #c4 ,the ,loops is the catch line1 or slug name1 by which the story is known1 every take of the story being named ,loops1 so that the bank-men may easily get the parts of the story together4 ,the letters at the right of ,loops1 in the same line1 are merely any letters that the compositor has set up at random by tapping the linotype keys to fill out the line4 ---------------------------------------- ,,three ,,three ---------------------------------------- ,,loops444 444 444 4447 rna44#h;an44444444 ,,army ,,birdmen ,,break ,,records ,,for ,,loops ,san ,diego1 ,cal41 ,sept4 #be4--,sergt4 ,william ,ocher and ,corporal ,albert ,smith1 attached to the ,united ,states army aviation corps at ,north ,island1 made fifteen loops each while engaged in flights1 shattering army and navy aviation records4 ,both officers used the same machine equipped with a ninety horsepower motor1 and designed for long distance flying4 ,this take1 which was picked up at random in the editorial rooms of the ,milwaukee ,journal1 was followed by this3 ---------------------------------------- ,,seven ,,seven ---------------------------------------- ,folo ,loops444444444444444444444444,,etaoin ,,falls #a1jjj ,,feet1 ,,unhurt4 ,omaha1 ,sept4 #be4--;,francis ,hoover1 ,chicago aviator1 fell #a1jjj feet at ,david ,city1 ,neb4 ,he alighted in a big tank and was not injured4 ,the compositor in this case was at machine number #g1 and the slug name given the story was ,folo ,loops3 that is1 it was a follow story1 to come after the one slugged ,loops4 #bb4 ,the ,proofs4--,on receipt of the different takes by the bank-man1 the various parts of the story are assembled1 with the proper head1 in a long brass receptacle called a galley1 and the first1 or galley1 proof is pulled on the proof press1 a small hand machine4 ,three proofs are made4 ,one goes to the managing editor1 on whom rests responsibility for every story in the paper2 one to the news editor2 and one1 with the original copy1 to the head proofreader1 who is responsible for all typographical errors4 ,the head proofreader in turn gives the proof to an assistant and the manuscript to a copyholder1 who reads the story to the assistant for the detection of typographical errors4 ,a corrected galley proof will be returned in the form shown in the specimen proof sheet printed on page #bgf4 #bc4 ,the ,form4--,after all corrections have been made and the position of the story in the paper has been determined by the news editor1 it is inserted in its proper place among other articles which together make up a page of type1 or what printers know as a form4 ,this form is locked in an enveloping steel frame1 called a chase1 and carried to the stereotyping room1 the second department in the mechanical composition of the paper4 ,in the small newspaper offices1 the sheet is printed directly from the form4 ,but since the leaden letters begin to blur after #ae1jjj impressions have been made1 and since it has been found impossible to do fast printing from flat surfaces1 it is necessary for the larger papers to cast from four to twelve stereotyped plates of each page4 #bd4 ,stereotyping ,process4--,these stereotyped plates are circular or semicircular in shape1 so that they fit snugly on the press cylinders4 ,they are made in the following way3 ,when the form is brought into the stereotyping room1 it is placed1 face up1 on the flat bed of a strongly built press4 ,over the face of the columns of type are spread several layers of tissue paper pasted together4 ,upon the paper is laid a damp blanket1 and a heavy revolving steel drum subjects the whole to hundreds of pounds of pressure1 thus squeezing the face of the type into the texture of the moist paper4 ,intense heat is then applied by a steam drier1 so that within a few seconds the moisture has been baked entirely from the paper1 which emerges a stiff flat matrix of the type in the form4 #be4 ,the ,autoplate4--,this matrix in turn is bent to the shape of the impressing cylinder that later stamps the page1 and is put into an autoplate1 or casting machine1 which presses molten metal upon the paper matrix1 cools the metal1 and turns out in a few moments the finished1 cylindrical plates ready to be put on the press for printing4 ,duplicates follow at intervals of from fifteen to twenty seconds1 so that several impressions of the same page may be made at once in the press room and the whole paper printed more quickly than if a single impression of a page were made at one time4 #bf4 ,the ,press ,room4--,the press room1 the third and final stage in the mechanical composition of the paper1 is where the printing is done on highly complicated machines4 ,the larger the number of pages of the paper printed1 the more complicated the presses1 the marvel of them being their adaptability to running full1 or half1 or third capacity1 according to the needed output1 or to printing a double or triple number of small sized papers in a third or half the usually required time4 ,the large presses of the great dailies print1 fold1 cut1 paste1 and count1 according to the size of the sheet1 #ej1jjj to #abe1jjj papers an hour4 ,a double sextuple press has a limit of #add1jjj twelve-page papers an hour4 #bg4 ,the ,printing ,press4--,it is on the cylinders of these presses that the circular stereotyped plates are fitted1 two plates filling nicely the round of the cylinder4 ,all the plates for the inside pages of the paper are stereotyped and screwed on their cylinders a half-hour or more before press time1 the pages with the latest news being held until the last possible moment4 ,usually the last page to come is the title page1 and as soon as the last locking lever has been clamped1 the wheels of the big press begin to turn4 ,as the cylinders with their plates revolve1 raised letters on the surface of the plate come in contact1 first with the inked rollers1 then with the paper1 which is spun from large rolls and drawn through the press1 obtaining as it goes the impression of the pages of type4 ,as the printed ribbon of paper issues from beneath the cylinders1 it is cut into pages1 folded1 and counted1 ready for the circulation department4 ,the whole period of time elapsing between the chute of the last story from the city room and the delivery of the printed pages to the newsboys will not have exceeded ten minutes4 #bh4 ,speed in ,printing4--,even this brief time is materially cut when great stories break4 ,the result of the ,willard-,johnson fight in #aiae and all the details up to the last few rounds were cried on the streets of ,new ,york within two minutes after ,johnson had been knocked out in ,havana4 ,this was made possible by means of the fudge1 a device especially designed for late news4 ,this is a small printing cylinder1 upon which is fitted a diminutive curved chase capable of holding a few linotype slugs4 ,when the fudge is used1 a stereotyped front page of the paper is ripped open and a prominent blank space left1 so that if the press were to print now1 the paper would appear with a large unprinted space on its front page4 ,to this blank space1 however1 the fudge is keyed1 so that as the web of paper passes the main cylinder1 the little emergency cylinder makes its impression and the page appears to all appearances printed from a single cylinder4 #bi4 ,speed ,devices4--,the value of the fudge1 of course1 is that1 by printing directly from the linotype slugs1 it saves the time expended in stereotyping4 ,its speed1 too1 is increased by reason of the fact that every great newspaper has in the press room near the fudge a composing machine to which a special telegraph wire is run1 and a special operator to read the news direct from the wire to the compositor4 ,this enables the papers to meet the baseball crowd on its way home with extras giving full details of all the plays1 and during the last quarter of the football game to sell in the bleachers a complete account to the end of the first half4 ,but even this speed is not always sufficient4 ,where the outcome of a big piece of news may be predicted1 advance headlines are set up and held ready to be clamped on the press4 ,in the case of the ,willard-,johnson fight1 two heads were held awaiting the knockout3 ,,jess ,,willard ,,new ,,champion and ,,jack ,,johnson ,,retains ,,title4 ,when ,president ,mc,kinley died in ,september1 #aija1 one prominent ,milwaukee newspaper man held locked on his presses from #h3jj ,a4,m4 until the ,president died at midnight the plates that would print the whole story of ,mr4 ,mc,kinley's life1 assassination1 and death4 ,then when the flash came announcing the dreaded event1 the presses were started1 and ten seconds afterward newsboys were crying the death of the ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,such are some of the devices editors use to publish news in the shortest possible time4 ,,iv4 ,,the ,,business ,,department #cj4 ,divisions of the ,business ,department4--,when the paper issues from the press1 it passes into the hands of the circulation manager1 whose duties are in an entirely different department of the newspaper organization1--the business department4 ,this department is divided into two or three more or less closely connected divisions1 presided over by the circulation manager1 the advertising manager1 and the cashier4 ,over all these is the business manager1 who supervises the department as a whole4 #ca4 ,the ,circulation ,manager4--,the work of the circulation manager has been termed simple by outsiders4 ,but the simplicity exists only for outsiders4 ,the distribution of a hundred thousand to a million papers a day is not a small task in itself1 particularly when one considers the scores of trains to be caught1 the dozens of delivery wagons and wagon drivers to be guided1 and the hundreds of newsboys and newsstands to be supplied with the very latest editions at the very earliest moment4 ,yet the circulation manager's duties are even more multifarious than this4 ,all the canvassers for new subscriptions are under his supervision4 ,the organization of the newsboys for selling his paper is his duty1--and it is marvelous how the good-will of the newsboys1 even when they handle all rival publications1 can boost the sales of some particular circulation manager's papers4 ,the advertising of the paper's past and forthcoming news features1 such as stories by special writers1 exclusive dispatches1 etc41 are the brunt of his work1 because in so far as he makes people believe in the superiority of his news1 they will buy the papers4 ,even the outcries against public grievances and the publication of subscription lists for charitable purposes are often the thoughts of the circulation manager1 because they invite more readers4 ,some managers1 under the guise of helping the down-and-outs1 even publish free all ,situations ,wanted advertisements1 because they believe that the loss in advertising will be more than paid for by the gain in the number of readers1 with the resultant possibility of higher advertising rates or more advertising in other departments because of the increased circulation4 #cb4 ,the ,advertising ,manager4--,closely associated with the circulation manager is the advertising manager1 who is dependent upon the former for his rates4 ,it makes a great difference with the advertising manager's rates whether the circulation is a hundred thousand or a quarter of a million1 and whether the circulation is double or one half that of the rival morning publication4 ,the advertising manager's duties are as manifold as those of his associate4 ,he directs the advertising solicitors and advises prospective advertisers about the place1 prices1 space1 and character of their advertisements4 ,a chewing tobacco ad is worth little in the column bordering the society section2 the back page is far more valuable for advertising than the inside2 and the columns next to reading matter are worth more than those on a page filled only with advertisements4 ,the advertising manager1 too1 has the power of accepting or rejecting advertisements4 ,liquor1 soothing syrup1 and questionable ads are barred by many managers4 ,some will not even accept so-called personal ads4 ,yet at the same time that they are rejecting ads in this class1 such managers are straining every point to gain desirable ones4 ,one way of obtaining these is by advertising solicitors4 ,another is by advertising in one's own paper and in publications in other cities4 ,many of the metropolitan dailies exchange whole and half-page advertisements1 directing attention to their circulation figures and the number of agate lines of advertising matter printed within the preceding month or year4 ,some of these papers publish audited statements1 too1 of the relative number of advertising lines printed by their own and rival publications4 ,but the advantage is always in their own favor4 #cc4 ,the ,cashier4--,the third division of the business department is the cashier's office1 frequently known as the counting room4 ,briefly put1 the cashier directs the pay-roll and all receipts and disbursements of the paper4 ,he keeps the books of the publishing company4 ,from him the reporter receives his pay envelop1 and to him are sent all bills for paper1 ink1 machinery1 telegraph and telephone messages1 and similar expenses4 ,rarely has the cashier served an apprenticeship in the editorial department1 but he knows thoroughly the business of bookkeeping1 money changing1 banking1 and similar work1 which is all that is required in his position4 ,,part ,,ii ,,the ,,news ,,story ,,the ,,news ,,story ,v4 ,,what ,,news ,,is #cd4 ,essentials of ,news ,writing4--,to write successful news stories1 four requisites are necessary3 the power to estimate news values properly1 the stories to write1 the ability to work rapidly1 and the power to present facts accurately and interestingly4 #ce4 ,the ,nose for ,news4--,recognition of news values is put first in the tabulation of requirements for successful writing because without a nose for news--without the ability to recognize a story when one sees it--a reporter cannot hope to succeed4 ,editorial rooms all over the ,united ,states are full of stories of would-be reporters who have failed because they have not been able to recognize news4 ,the following is a genuine first paragraph of a country correspondent's letter to a village weekly in ,tennessee3 ,there is no news in this settlement to speak of4 ,we did hear of a man whose head was blown off by a boiler explosion1 but we didn't have time to learn his name4 ,anyhow he didn't have any kinfolk in this country1 so it don't much matter4 ,then follow the usual dull items about ,henry ,hawkins ,sundaying in ,adamsville and ,tom ,anderson autoing with a new girl4 #cf4 ,need of ,knowing ,news4--,the fault with this correspondent was that he did not know a good story4 ,he lacked an intuitive knowledge of news values1 and he had not been trained to recognize available news possibilities4 ,a clear understanding of what news is1 and an analysis of its more or less elusive qualities1 is necessary1 therefore1 before one may attempt a search for it or may dare the writing of a newspaper story4 #cg4 ,definition of ,news4--,in its final analysis1 news may be defined as any accurate fact or idea that will interest a large number of readers2 and of two stories the accurate one that interests the greater number of people is the better4 ,the student should examine this definition with care as there is more in it than at first appears4 ,strangeness1 abnormality1 unexpectedness1 nearness of the events1 all add to the interest of a story1 but none is essential4 ,even timeliness is not a prerequisite4 ,if it were learned to-day that a member of the ,united ,states ,senate had killed a man in #aiab1 the occurrence would be news and would be carried on the front page of every paper in ,america1 even though the deed were committed years ago4 ,and if it should transpire that ,csolgosz was bribed by an ,american millionaire to assassinate ,president ,mc,kinley in #aija1 the story would be good for a column in any paper4 ,freshness1 enormity1 departure from the normal1 all are good and add to the value of news1 but they are not essential4 ,the only requirements are that the story shall be accurate and shall contain facts or ideas interesting to a considerable number of readers4 #ch4 ,accuracy4--,the reason for emphasizing so particularly the need of accuracy in news requires little discussion4 ,accuracy ,first is the slogan of the modern newspaper4 ,if a piece of news1 no matter how thrilling1 is untrue1 it is worthless in the columns of a reputable journal4 ,it is worse than worthless1 because it makes the public lose confidence in the paper4 ,and the ideal of all first-class newspapers to-day is never to be compelled to retract a published statement4 ,this desire for accuracy does not bar a paper from publishing1 for example1 a rumor of the assassination of the ,german ,crown ,prince1 but it does demand that the report be published only as an unverified rumor4 #ci4 ,interest4--,the statement1 however1 that interest is the other requisite of news requires full explanation1 because the demand immediately comes for an explanation of that elusive quality in news which makes it interesting4 ,in other words1 what constitutes interest8 ,any item of news1 it may be defined1 that will present a new problem1 a new situation1 that will provoke thought in the minds of a considerable number of readers1 is interesting1 and that story is most interesting which presents a new problem to the greatest number of people4 ,it is a psychological truth that all men think only when they must4 ,yet they enjoy being made to think1--not too hard1 but hard enough to engage their minds seriously4 ,the first time they meet a problem they think over it1 and think hard if need be4 ,but when they meet that problem a second or a third time1 they solve it automatically4 ,a man learning to drive a car has presented to him a new problem about which he must think keenly4 ,the steering wheel1 the foot-brake1 the accelerator1 the brake and speed levers1 the possibility of touching the wrong pedal1--all demand his undivided attention and keep him thinking every moment of the time4 ,but having learned1 having solved his problem1 he can run his car without conscious thought1 and meanwhile can devote his mind to problems of business or pleasure4 ,as ,professor ,pitkin says3 ,whatsoever we can manage through some other agency we do so manage4 ,and1 if thinking is imperative for a while1 we make that while as brief as possible4 ,the baby thinks in learning to walk1 but as soon as his feet move surely he refrains from cogitation4 ,he thinks over his speech1 too1 but quickly he outgrows that1 transforming discourse from an intellectual performance to a reflex habit4 ,and he never thinks about the order and choice of words again1 unless they give rise to some new1 unforeseen perplexity2 as1 for instance1 they might1 were he suddenly afflicted with stammering or stage fright4 ,this is no scandal1 it is a great convenience4 ,thanks to it1 men are able to concern themselves with fresh enterprises and hence to progress4 ,indeed1 civilization is a titanic monument to thoughtlessness1 no less than to thought4 ,the supreme triumph of mind is to dispense with itself4 ,for what would intellect avail us1 if we could not withdraw it from action in all the habitual encounters of daily life8#b #b ,short ,story ,writing1 pp4 #fd-fe4 #dj4 ,what ,provokes ,thought is ,news4--,men apply the same principle1 too1 in their news reading4 ,whatever presents a new problem1 or injects a new motive or situation into an old one1 will be interesting and will be read by those readers to whom the problem or situation is new4 ,it is not1 therefore1 that ,american men and women are interested in the sins and misfortunes of others that they read stories of crime and unhallowed love1 but that such stories present new problems1 new life situations1 or new phases of old problems and old situations4 ,a story of innocence and hallowed love would be just as interesting4 ,when the newspapers of the ,united ,states make the ,president's wedding the big story of the day1 it is not that they think their patrons have never seen a wedding1 but that a wedding under just such circumstances has never been presented before4 ,and every published story of murder or divorce or struggle for victory offers new thought-provoking problems to newspaper readers4 ,men are continually searching for new situations that will present new problems4 ,and any story that will provoke a reader's thought will be enjoyed as news4 #da4 ,timeliness4--,but there are certain definite features that add greatly to the interest of stories4 ,timeliness is the first of these4 ,indeed1 timeliness is so important in a story that one prominent writer#c on journalism deems it an essential of a good story4 ,certainly it figures in ninety per cent of the published articles in our daily newspapers4 ,the word yesterday has been relegated to the scrap heap4 ,to-day1 this morning1 this afternoon should appear if possible in every story4 ,and the divorce that was granted yesterday or the accident that happened last night must be viewed from such an angle that to-day shall appear in the write-up4 ,close competition and improved machinery have made freshness1 timeliness1 all but a requisite in every story4 #c ,professor ,willard ,grosvenor ,bleyer4 ,see his ,newspaper ,writing and ,editing1 p4 #ah4 #db4 ,closeness of the ,event4--,next to nearness in time comes nearness in place as a means of maintaining interest4 ,other things being equal1 the worth of a story varies in inverse proportion to its closeness in time and place4 ,a theft of ten dollars in one's home town is worth more space than a theft of a thousand in a city across the continent4 ,a visit of ,mrs4 ,gadabit1 wife of the president of our city bank1 to ,neighborville twenty miles away is worth more space than a trip made by ,mrs4 ,astor to ,europe4 ,whenever possible1 the good reporter seeks to localize his story and draw it close to the everyday lives of his readers4 ,even an accidental acquaintance of a man in town with the noted governor or the notorious criminal who has just been brought into the public eye--with a brief quotation of the local man's opinion of the other fellow1 or how they chanced to meet1--is worth generous space in any paper4 ,oftentimes a resident man or woman's opinion of a statement made by some one else1 or of a problem of civic1 state1 or national interest1 is given an important place merely by reason of the fact that the story is associated with some locally prominent person4 ,always the effort is made to localize the news4 #dc4 ,the ,search for ,extremes4--,again1 say what one may1 the ,american public loves extremes in its news stories4 ,if a pumpkin can be made the largest ever grown in one's section1 or a murder the foulest ever committed in the vicinity1 or a robbery the boldest ever attempted in the block1 or a race the fastest ever run on the track1 or anything else the largest or the least ever registered in the community1 it will be good for valuable space in the local news columns4 ,a record breaker in anything is a new problem to the public1 who will read with eager joy every detail concerning the attainment of the new record4 #dd4 ,the ,unusual4--,the exceptional1 the unusual1 the abnormal is in a sense a record breaker and will be read about with zest4 ,a burglar stealing a ,bible or returning a baby's mite box1 a calf with two heads1 a dog committing suicide1 a husband divorcing his wife so that she may marry a man whom she loves better1--such stories belong in the list with the unique and will be found of exceptional interest to readers4 #de4 ,contests4--,the description of a contest always makes interesting news4 ,no matter whether the struggle is between athletic teams1 business men1 society women1 race horses1 or neighboring cities1 if the element of struggle for supremacy can be injected into the story1 it will be read with added zest4 ,such stories may be found in the search of politicians for office1 in the struggles of business men for control of trade or for squeezing out competitors1 in contests between capital and labor1 in religious factions1 in collegiate rivalry1 and in many of the seemingly commonplace struggles of everyday life4 ,the individual1 elementary appeal that comes from struggle is always thrilling4 #df4 ,helplessness4--,opposed to stories depicting struggle for supremacy are those portraying the joys or the sufferings of the very old or very young1 or of those who are physically or mentally unable to struggle4 ,the joy of an aged mother because her boy remembered her birthday1 the undeserved sufferings of an old man1 the cry of a child in pain1 the distress of a helpless animal1 all are full of interest to the average reader4 ,helplessness1 particularly in its hours of suffering or its moments of unaccustomed pleasure1 compels the sympathy of everyone1 and every reporter is delighted with the opportunity to write a sob story picturing the friendlessness and the want of such unprivileged ones4 ,these stories not only are read with interest1 but often prove a practical means of helping those in distress4 #dg4 ,prominent ,persons4--,directly opposed to stories about helpless persons or animals are those of prominent men and women4 ,for some reason news about the great1 no matter how trivial1 is always of interest1 and varies in direct proportion to the prominence of the person4 ,if the ,president of the ,united ,states drives a golf ball into a robin's nest1 if the oil king in the ,middle ,west prefers a wig to baldness1 if the millionaire automobile manufacturer never pays more than five cents for his cigars1 the reading public is greatly interested in learning the fact4 ,nor is it essential that the reader shall have heard of the prominent man4 ,it is sufficient that his position socially or professionally is high4 #dh4 ,well-known ,places4--,the same interest attaches to noted or notorious places4 ,a news item about ,reno1 ,nevada1 is worth more than one about ,rome1 ,georgia1 though the cities are of about the same size4 ,a street traffic regulation in ,new ,york ,city is copied all over the ,united ,states1 notwithstanding the fact that the same law may have been passed by the city council in ,winchester1 ,kentucky1 years before and gone unnoticed4 ,and so with ,coney ,island or ,niagara ,falls or ,death ,valley1 or any one of a hundred other places that might be named4 ,the fashions they originate1 the ideas for which they stand sponsors1 the accidents that happen in their vicinity1 all have specific interest by virtue of their previous note or notoriety4 ,and if the reporter can fix the setting of his story in such a place1 he may be assured of interested readers4 #di4 ,personal and ,financial ,interests4--,finally1 if a news story can be found that will bear directly on the personal or financial interests of the patrons of the paper1 one may be sure of its cordial reception4 ,if turkeys take the roup six weeks before ,thanksgiving1 or taxes promise a drop with the new year1 or pork volplanes two or three cents1 or an ice famine is threatened1 or styles promise coats a few inches shorter or socks a few shades greener1 the readers are eager to know and will applaud the vigilance of the editors4 ,for this reason1 a reporter can often pick up an extra story--and reporters are judged by the extra stories they place on the city editor's desk--by occasionally dropping in at markets1 grocery stores1 and similar business houses and inquiring casually for possible drops or rises in price4 ,for the same reason1 too1 new styles as seen in the shop windows are always good for a half-column4 ,and one cannot think of covering a dressmakers' convention1 an automobile show1 a jewelers' exhibition1 or a similar gathering without playing up prominently the new styles4 ,a clever ,san ,francisco reporter covering a convention of insurance agents once produced a brilliant story on new styles in life insurance policies4 #ej4 ,summary4--,by way of summary1 then1 it may be said that the only requirements of an event or an idea to make it good story material are that it be presented accurately and that it possess interest for a goodly number of readers2 and any fact or idea which presents a situation or poses a problem differing1 even slightly1 from preceding situations or problems encountered by the readers of a paper is sure to possess interest4 ,timeliness is of vital worth1 but is not a necessity4 ,the geographical nearness of an event adds to its value1 as does the fact that the event or the product or the result is a record breaker or is unique in its class4 ,contests of all sorts invariably possess interest1 and stories of the helplessness of old persons1 children1 or animals never fail to have an emotional appeal4 ,any news item concerning a well-known person or place is likely to attract attention1 and any story that touches the home or business interests of the public is sure to command interested readers4 ,all these features are valuable1 and any one will contribute much to the worth of a story1 but none is essential4 ,the prerequisite is that the news shall be true and shall present a new situation or problem1 or a new phase of an old situation or problem4 ,,vi4 ,,news ,,sources #ea4 ,second ,essential of ,news ,writing4--,as explained in the preceding chapter1 the first essential in news writing is a proper appreciation of news and news values4 ,the second essential is the possession of a story to write4 ,this chapter will discuss news sources1 leaving for ,chapter ,,iii an explanation of the methods of getting stories4 #eb4 ,gathering ,news4--,the prospective reporter who supposes that newspaper men wander aimlessly up and down the streets of a city1 watching and hoping for automobiles to collide and for men to shoot their enemies1 will have his eyes opened soon after entering a news office4 ,he will learn that a reporter never leaves the city room without a definite idea of where he is going4 ,if newspapers had to police the streets with watchers for news as the city government assigns officers of the law1 the cost of gathering news would be prohibitive4 #ec4 ,police as ,news ,gatherers4--,as a matter of fact1 a paper has comparatively few paid men on its staff1 though it has hundreds of non-paid watchers who are just as faithful4 ,the police are the chief of these4 ,as every reporter knows1 a policeman is compelled to make to his captain a full and prompt report of every fire1 robbery1 murder1 accident1 or mishap involving loss of1 or danger to1 life or property occurring on his beat4 ,this report is made to the local precinct or station1 whence it is telephoned to police headquarters4 ,at the central station the report is recorded in the daily record book of crime1 known familiarly to the public as the blotter4 ,not all of the reports recorded on the police blotter are made public1 because hasty announcement of information received by the police oftentimes would forestall expected arrests2 but such information as the desk sergeant is willing to utter is given out in brief bulletins1 sometimes posted behind locked glass doors1 sometimes simply written in a large ledger open to public inspection4 ,whether written in the ledger or displayed on a bulletin board1 these bulletins are known always as slips1 of which the following are typical examples3 ,oct4 #d ,suicide ,attempt ,theodore ,pavolovich1 #bd yrs41 arrested ,oct4 #a1 #aiae1 fugitive1 abandonment1 ,chicago1 attempted suicide by stabbing with a fork while eating dinner4 ,sent to ,emergency ,hospital1 ambulance #d4 #ab3ej ,p4 ,m4 ,conway ,oct4 #d ,clothing ,found ,woman's coat1 hat1 and purse found on bank of ,lake ,michigan1 foot of ,pine ,st41 #d3aj ,p4 ,m4 ,skirt taken from water1 same place1 #d3cj ,p4 ,m41 by patrolman ,heath4 ,clothing identified as ,mrs4 ,george ,riley's1 #ah ,veazy ,st41 missing since noon4 #d3dj ,p4 ,m4 ,nock ,oct4 #ah ,leg ,broken ,mary ,molinski1 #dj yrs41 single1 #dib ,grove ,st41 fell down stairs1 #g3je ,p4 ,m4 ,leg broken4 ,conveyed to ,st4 ,elizabeth ,hospital by patrol #c4 #g3cj ,p4 ,m4 ,pct4 #c4 ,oct4 #ai ,calf ,carcass ,found ,calf carcass1 black and white hide1 weight about #he pounds1 found at #aath and ,henry ,ave4 #f3cj ,a4 ,m4 ,oper ,these slips need little explanation4 ,the name signed to each is that of the police officer reporting4 ,the ,pct4 #c signed after the third indicates merely the local precinct from which the report was made4 ,the time at the end of each slip signifies the exact time at which the report was received at police headquarters4 #ed4 ,arrest ,sheets4--,in addition to the slips there are the arrest sheets1 on which all arrests are recorded4 ,these sheets are open always to public inspection1 as the public has a right to know of every arrest1 lest a man be imprisoned unjustly4 ,on page #cg is given a verbatim reproduction of the arrests recorded in a city in the ,middle ,west4 ,the ,m or ,s at the top of the fifth column stands for married or single1 and ,r and ,w at the top of the eighth1 for read and write4 ,the ,d and ,d charge against the second offender is drunk and disorderly4 ,it will be noted that the cases entered after ten o'clock had not been disposed of when this sheet was copied4 ,from these arrest sheets and the slips1 as the reader may readily see1 the reporter is able to get a brief but prompt and accurate account of most of the accidents and crimes within the city4 ,and with these advance notices in his possession he can follow up the event and get all available facts4 #ee4 ,other ,news ,gatherers4--,but there are numerous other non-paid news gatherers4 ,doctors are required to report to the health department every birth1 death1 and contagious disease to which they have been called in a professional capacity4 ,to the coroner is reported every fatal accident1 suicide1 murder1 or suspicious death4 ,the county clerk keeps a record of every marriage license4 ,the recorder of deeds has a register of all sales and transfers of property4 ,the building inspector has a full account of buildings condemned1 permits granted for new buildings1 and fire devices required4 ,the leading hotels have the names of important guests visiting or passing through the city4 ,thus by regular visitation of certain persons and places in the city1 a newspaper through its representatives1 the reporters1 is able to get most of the news of its neighborhood4 ,,an ,,arrest ,,sheet ,name ,ad- ,occu- ,a ,m ,where ,c ,r ,charge dress pation g or born o and e ,s l ,w o r ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,john #af ,cook #cb ,s ,u4,s4 ,w ,yes ,vagrancy ,glass ,lake ,st4 ,chas4 #abd ,tailor #bh ,m ,d and ,d ,king ,john ,st4 ,ben #ej ,ped- #da ,m ,violating ,loti ,third dler ,health ,st4 ,laws ,nell #ch ,house- #ai ,s ,drunk ,smith ,west work ,ave4 ,nick #afcj ,barber #bd ,m ,abandonment ,white ,d ,st4 ,edw4 #f ,broker #dg ,m ,violating ,meyer ,palm ,speed ,laws ,st4 ,jane #bice ,house- #dd ,m ,keeping ,gray ,elm wife ,disorderly ,st4 ,house ,peter #ff ,line- #bc ,s ,ger4 ,seduction ,amt ,state man ,st4 ,alex ,st4 ,but- #bd ,m ,u4,s4 ,fugitive ,bass ,louis cher ,geo4 #aiaf ,watch- #ca ,m ,murder ,holt #dth man ,st4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,name ,comp- ,officer ,date ,time ,cell ,disposition lainant ,pre- cinct ,ward ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,john ,jacobs ,jacobs ,oct4 #h3jj #f #c #aj ,glass #c #ae ,,am days ,chas4 ,hays ,hays #h3cj #g #c ,bound ,king #f ,,am over ,ben ,jones ,oper #aj3dj #h #c ,loti ,,am ,nell ,hays ,hays #aj3ej #b #b ,smith #g ,,am ,nick ,chief ,olson #aa3aj #c #b ,white ,police1 #c ,,am ,atlanta ,edw4 ,thiel ,thiel #c3be #d #b ,meyer #h ,,pm ,jane ,j4 ,b4 ,walker #aa3aj #g #a ,gray ,katz #a ,,pm ,peter ,vera ,towne #aa3cj #f #a ,amt ,mann #d ,,pm ,alex ,chief ,bower #aa3de #e #a ,bass ,police1 #b ,,pm ,st4 ,louis ,geo4 ,mrs4 ,owens #aa3ej #b #a ,holt ,holt #c ,,pm ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #ef4 ,regular ,news ,sources4--,places that serve as news sources are known as beats or runs4 ,the chief ones and the kinds of news found at each are3 ,associated ,charities ,headquarters3 destitution1 poverty1 relief work4 ,boards of ,trade1 ,brokers1 ,commission ,men3 market quotations2 sales of grain1 stocks1 and bonds2 financial outlook4 ,boxing ,commission3 boxing permissions and regulations4 ,building ,department1 ,real ,estate ,dealers1 ,architects3 new buildings1 unsafe buildings4 ,caterers3 banquets1 society dinners4 ,civic ,organizations3 reform movements1 speakers1 etc4 ,civil ,courts3 complaints1 trials1 decisions4 ,commercial ,club3 business news4 ,coroner's ,office3 fatal accidents1 murders1 suicides1 suspicious deaths4 ,county ,clerk3 marriage licenses1 county statistics4 ,county ,jail3 arrests1 crimes1 executions4 ,criminal ,courts3 arraignments1 trials1 verdicts4 ,delicatessen ,stores3 banquets1 society dinners4 ,fire ,department ,headquarters3 fires1 fire losses1 fire regulations1 condemned buildings4 ,florists3 banquets1 dinners1 receptions1 social functions4 ,health ,department3 births1 deaths1 contagious diseases1 reports on sanitation4 ,hospitals3 accidents1 illnesses1 deaths4 ,hotels3 important guests1 banquets1 dinners1 social functions4 ,labor ,union ,headquarters3 labor news4 ,morgue3 unidentified corpses4 ,police ,headquarters3 accidents1 arrests1 crimes1 fires1 lost and found articles1 missing persons1 suicides1 sudden or suspicious deaths4 ,political ,clubs and ,headquarters3 county1 state1 and national political news4 ,probate ,office3 estates1 wills4 ,public ,works ,department3 civic improvements4 ,railway ,offices3 new rates1 general shipping news4 ,referee in ,bankruptcy3 assignments1 failures1 creditors' meetings1 appointments of receivers1 settlements4 ,register of ,deeds3 real estate sales and transfers4 ,shipping ,offices3 departure and docking of vessels2 cargoes1 shipping rates1 passenger lists4 ,society for the ,prevention of ,cruelty to ,animals3 arrests1 complaints1 animal stories4 ,superintendent of ,schools3 educational news4 ,vice ,commission3 arrests1 complaints1 raids4 #eg4 ,news ,runs4--,these runs are distributed among the different reporters1 sometimes only one1 sometimes three or four to a person4 ,on a small paper all of the runs1 or all to be found in that town1 may be given to one reporter1 the number assigned depending upon the size of the town1 the nature of the territory covered1 and the willingness or unwillingness of the owners to spend money in getting news4 ,on the larger papers1 however1 police headquarters generally provide work for one man alone1 known as the watcher4 ,in many cases he does no writing at all1 but merely watches the slips and the sheets for reports and arrests1 which he telephones to the city editor1 who assigns other reporters to get the details and write the stories4 ,another reporter watches the city clerk's office and perhaps all the other departments in the city hall1 which he visits at random intervals during the day1 but without such close attention to any one office as is given to police headquarters4 ,still another goes to the shipping offices and two or three other places which he will visit ordinarily not more than once a day4 ,but whether he goes five times a day or only once1 a reporter is held responsible for all the news occurring on his run2 and if he falls short in his duty or lets some more nimble-witted reporter scoop him on the news of his beat1 he had better begin making himself friends of the mammon of unrighteousness to receive him into their habitations2 for a scoop1 even of a few minutes1 by a rival publication is the unpardonable sin with the city editor4 ,the wise reporter never neglects any news source on his run4 #eh4 ,dark ,runs4--,before we take up methods of getting stories1 one other news source should be noted1--what reporters know as dark runs1 runs that are consistently productive of news1 but which must be kept dark4 ,such places are garages1 delicatessen stores1 florists' shops1 and similar shops providing flowers1 cakes1 and luxuries for private dinners and receptions4 ,an unwritten law of trade makes it a breach of professional etiquette for a shopkeeper to tell the names of purchasers of goods1 but many a proprietor1 as a matter of business pride1 is glad to recount the names of his patrons on ,lakeside ,drive and their splendid orders just given4 ,garage men1 too1 wishing it known that millionaire automobile owners patronize their shops1 often are willing to tell of battered cars repaired by their men4 ,all such sources are fertile with stories4 ,many a rich man's automobile crashes into a culvert or a telegraph pole and nobody knows of it but the mechanic in the repair shop4 ,many a prominent club-man indulges in orgies of revelry and dissipation of which none knows but the caterer and a few chosen1 non-committal friends4 ,many a society leader plans receptions and dinners of which the florist learns before the friends who are to be invited4 ,and by skilfully encouraging the friendship of these tradesmen1 a shrewd reporter can obtain exclusive facts about prominent persons who cannot understand1 when they see their names in the morning paper1 how the information was made public4 ,these dark runs justify diligent attention4 ,they produce news1 and valuable is the reporter who can include successfully a number of such sources in his daily rounds4 #ei4 ,value of ,wide ,acquaintance4--,attention may be directed1 too1 to the need of deliberately cultivating friendships and acquaintances1 not only on these dark runs1 but wherever one goes--both on and off duty4 ,in the stores1 along the street1 on the cars1 at the club1 the alert reporter gathers many an important news item4 ,the merchant1 the cabman1 the preacher1 the barkeeper1 the patrolman1 the thug1 the club-man1 the porter1 all make valuable acquaintances1 as they are able often to give one stories or clues to the solution of problems that are all but invaluable to the paper4 ,and such facts as they present are given solely because of their interest in the reporter4 ,one should guard zealously1 however1 against betraying the confidence of such friends4 ,the reporter must distinguish the difference between publishing a story gained from a stranger by dint of shrewd interviewing1 and printing the same story obtained from a fellow club-man more or less confidentially over the cigars and coffee4 ,the stranger's information the reporter must publish4 ,no newspaper man has a right to suppress news obtained while on duty or to accept the confidence of anyone1 if by such confidence he is precluded the right to publish certain facts4 ,the publication or non-publication of such news is a matter for the city editor's decision alone4 ,but a story obtained confidentially from a friend at the club or in the home of a neighbor may not be used except with the express permission of those persons4 ,many a man has seen himself and his paper scooped because he was too honorable to betray the trust of his friends2 but such a single scoop is worth nothing in comparison with the continued confidence of one's friends and their later prejudiced assistance4 ,personal and professional integrity is a newspaper man's first principle4 ,,vii4 ,,getting ,,the ,,story #fj4 ,starting for a ,story4--,in the preceding chapter attention was directed to news sources1 to definite places for obtaining news4 ,the reporter's situation changes radically1 however1 when he is sent for a story and is told merely that somebody at ,grove and ,spring streets has been shot4 ,there are four corners at ,grove and ,spring streets1 and the shooting may have occurred1 not on the corner1 but at the second or third house from any one of the four corners1 and maybe in a rear apartment4 ,on such an assignment one should have on hand cards and plenty of paper and pencils4 ,every reporter should keep several sharp1 soft lead pencils4 ,folded copy paper is sufficient for note-taking4 ,the stage journalist appears always with conspicuous pencil and notebook1 but the practical newspaper man displays these insignia of his profession as little as possible4 ,a neat1 engraved business card is necessary because often it is the only means of admittance to a house4 #fa4 ,use of the ,telephone4--,if the name of the person shot at ,spring and ,grove streets has been given him1 the reporter may look it up in the telephone and city directories1 in order to get some idea of the man and his profession4 ,if the house has a telephone1 the reporter may sometimes use this means of getting information1 but this step generally is not advisable1 as the telephone cannot be trusted on important stories4 ,a person can ring off too easily if he prefers not to answer questions1 and his gestures and facial expressions1 emphasizing or denying the statements that his lips make1 cannot be seen4 ,the telephone is rather to be used for running down rumors and tips1 for obtaining unimportant interviews1 and for getting stories which the persons concerned wish to have appear in the paper4 ,if in this case the reporter has doubts about the shooting1 he may telephone to a nearby bakery or meat market to verify the rumor1 but he had better not telephone the house4 ,let him go there in person4 #fb4 ,city ,maps4--,if the reporter does not know the name of the individual shot or the location of ,grove and ,spring streets1 he should consult his city map to learn precisely where he is going4 ,if he is in a hurry1 he may examine the map on his way to the car line1 or while he is calling a taxi4 ,actually he ought to know the city so well that he need not consult a map at all 7and the man whose ambition is to be a first-class reporter will soon acquire that knowledge71 but to a beginner1 a map is valuable4 #fc4 ,finding the ,place4--,having arrived at ,grove and ,spring streets1 the reporter should go first to the policeman on the beat4 ,unless the shooting is one that for some reason has been hushed up1 the policeman will know all the main details4 ,usually1 too1 if approached courteously1 he will be glad to point out the house and tell what he knows4 ,if he knows nothing or pretends ignorance1 the reporter must seek the house itself2 nor must he be discouraged if he fails to get his information at the first1 second1 or third house1 nor indeed after he has inquired at every door in the adjacent blocks4 ,there are still left the neighborhood stores1--the groceries1 bakeries1 saloons1 meat markets1 and barber shops1--and maybe in the last one of these1 the barber shop1 a customer with his coat off1 waiting for a shave1 will remember that he heard somebody say a man by the name of ,davis was shot around the corner4 ,but he does not know what corner1 or where the man lives1 or his initials1 or who gave him his information4 #fd4 ,regular ,reports to the ,city ,editor4--,the reporter's first step now is to go to the corner drugstore and examine the telephone and city directories for every ,davis living in the neighborhood4 ,while in the drugstore he may call up the city editor and report progress on the story4 ,when away on an assignment there is need always of reporting regularly1 particularly if one is working on an afternoon paper4 ,some city editors require a man to telephone every hour whether he has any news or not4 ,a big story may break and the city editor may have nobody to handle it1 or the office may have fuller information about the story which the reporter is investigating4 ,besides1 on an afternoon paper where an edition is appearing every hour or so1 every fresh detail1 though small1 may be of interest to readers following the story4 #fe4 ,retracing ,one's ,work4--,if no ,davises are listed in the city or telephone directories1 or none of those whose names appear knows anything of the shooting1 the reporter's work of inquiry is still unfinished4 ,he must go back to the patrolman on the beat and inquire if any person by the name of ,davis has recently moved into the neighborhood1--since1 for instance1 the last city directory was published4 ,failing again1 he must make once more the rounds of the houses on or near the four corners and of the neighborhood shops1 inquiring in each instance for ,mr4 ,davis4 ,if there is a grocery store1 a bakery1 or a laundry in the vicinity1 he must be sure to inquire there1 particularly at the laundry1 as the proprietors of those places are the first to get the names of newcomers in a neighborhood4 ,the laundries must have names and addresses for deliveries1 while housewives exchange gossip daily in the other places between purchases of vegetables and yeast cakes4 #ff4 ,need of ,determination4--,if the reporter still fails1 he must not give up even yet without first resorting to every other measure that the special circumstances of the case make possible4 ,there is never a story without some way to unearth it1 and every such story is potentially a great one4 ,a telephone message to the leading hospitals may bring results4 ,inquiry at the corner houses in the four adjoining blocks may disclose a ,mr4 ,davis4 ,inquiry of the children skating along the sidewalk may unearth him4 ,but in any event1 the reporter must not give up until he has investigated every available clue4 ,the city editor does not want and will not take excuses for failures to bring back stories2 he wants stories4 #fg4 ,gaining ,access for an ,interview4--,if at his last place of inquiry1 perhaps from one of the skating children1 the reporter learns it was not ,mr4 ,davis at all who was shot1 but ,mr4 ,davidson1 who may be found three blocks down at ,spring and ,grosvenor streets1 his task now immediately changes to gaining access to ,mr4 ,davidson1 or to ,mrs4 ,davidson1 or to some one in the building who can give him the facts4 ,here is where his card may serve4 ,if ,mr4 ,davidson has rooms in a hotel1 he may send his card up by a bellboy2 if in a club1 he may give it to the porter at the door4 ,if the house at ,spring and ,grosvenor streets1 however1 is plainly one where a card would be out of place1 he may simply inquire for ,mr4 ,davidson4 ,it is not at all improbable that ,mr4 ,davidson was only slightly injured and one may be permitted to see him4 ,if1 however1 the person answering the door states that ,mr4 ,davidson cannot be seen1 as he was injured that morning1 the reporter may express his interest and inquire the cause1 thus making a natural and easy step toward what newspaper men generally consider the most difficult phase of reporting1--the interview4 #fh4 ,requirements for ,interviewing4--,broadly speaking1 there are six requirements for successful interviewing3 a pleasing presence1 the ability to question judiciously1 a quick perception of news even in chance remarks1 a retentive memory1 the power to detect falsehood readily1 and the ability to single out characteristic phrases4 ,technically1 an interview is a consultation with a man of rank for the sake of publishing his opinions4 ,in practice1 however1 because the term man of rank is hazy in its inclusiveness1 the word has come to mean consultation with any person for the purpose of reporting his views4 ,and in this sense the word interview will be used in this volume4 #fi4 ,a ,pleasing ,presence4--,the first requisite for successful interviewing1 a pleasing presence1 must be interpreted broadly4 ,in the term are included immaculacy of person and linen1 as well as tact1 courtesy1 and all those qualities that make for ease of mind while conversing4 ,clothes may not make a man1 but the lack of them will ruin a reporter4 ,an unshaven face or a collar of yesterday's wear will do a newspaper man so much harm in some persons' eyes that all the shrewd questions he can ask during the interview will be of little value4 ,lack of tact in approaching or addressing a man will have the same unfortunate result4 ,many reporters think that by resorting to flattery they can induce men to talk2 then they wonder why they fail4 ,a reporter must keep in mind that the persons he interviews usually possess as keen intellects as his own and mere flattery will be quickly detected and resented4 #gj4 ,courtesy4--,above all things in his purpose to present a pleasing presence1 the interviewer must possess unfailing courtesy4 ,he must never forget that he is a gentleman1 no matter what the other person may be4 ,he cannot afford to permit himself even to become angry4 ,anger does not pay1 for two reasons4 ,in the first place1 when a reporter loses his temper1 he immediately loses his head4 ,he becomes so absorbed in his own emotions that he cannot question shrewdly or remember clearly what is said by the man from whom he would extract information4 ,in the second place1 anger creates hostility1 and a hostile man or woman not only does not willingly give information1 but will be an enemy of the paper forever afterward4 ,always1 therefore1 the interviewer must be courteous1 knowing that kindness begets kindness and that the other fellow1 if approached rightly1 will respond in the end to his own mood4 #ga4 ,asking ,questions4--,concerning the second requirement for interviewing1 judicious questioning1 only general precepts can be given4 ,the reporter must rely largely on himself4 ,as a rule1 however1 the personal equation should be considered4 ,every man is interested in himself and his work1 and the interviewer often may start him talking by beginning on work4 ,the essential thing is to get some topic that will launch him into easy1 natural conversation4 ,then1 with his man started1 the interviewer may well keep silent4 ,only a cub reporter will interrupt the natural flow of conversation for the sake merely of giving his own views4 ,if the man runs too far afield1 the reporter may guide the conversation back to the original topic2 but he may well subject himself to much irrelevant talk for the sake of guiding his informer back gracefully to the topic of interest4 #gb4 ,persons ,seeking ,advertisement4--,from the standpoint of the newspaper man1 there are three classes of persons one encounters in interviewing3 those who talk1 those who will not1 and those who do not know they are divulging secrets4 ,concerning the first little need be said4 ,such persons talk because they enjoy seeing their names in print4 ,it is a marvel how many men and women object with seeming sincerity to their names being made public property1 yet at the same time give the reporter full details for the story he wishes and hand him their cards so that he may spell their names correctly4 ,many such celebrities will stand for any kind of interview1 so that the reporter need only determine in advance what he would have them say to make a good story4 ,with them advertisement is so much personal gain2 they are glad to accede to any sort of odd statement for the sake of possible public notice4 ,such persons are to be avoided2 advertisements are written by the advertising manager or his helpers and fixed prices are charged4 #gc4 ,persons ,refusing to ,talk4--,with the second and third classes1 however1 the interviewer must be careful1 particularly with the second4 ,men who will not talk are usually well acquainted with the world4 ,sometimes they may be forced into making statements by asking them questions that will almost certainly arouse their anger and so make them speak hastily1 but the reporter himself must be doubly careful in such cases to keep his own temper sweet4 ,oftentimes such men1 particularly society criminals and others who possess an especial fear of having their wrong-doing known among their friends1 try to keep from being written up by saying they are unwilling to make any kind of statement for publication1 but that they will do so in court if anything is published about them4 ,the reporter will not let such a threat daunt him4 ,he will get the facts and present them to the city editor with the person's hint of criminal action1 then let the city editor determine the problem of publication4 #gd4 ,persons ,divulging ,secrets4--,frequently a person of the second class may be slyly converted into the group of those who do not know they are divulging secrets1 by the reporter deliberately leading away from the topic about which he has come for an interview1 then circling round to the hazardous subject when the person interviewed is off his guard4 ,probably the most ticklish situation in all reporting is here4 ,to make a person tell what he knows without knowing that he is telling is the pinnacle of the art of interviewing4 ,as ,mr4 ,richard ,harding ,davis has so exactly expressed it3 ,reporters become star reporters because they observe things that other people miss and because they do not let it appear that they have observed them4 ,when the great man who is being interviewed blurts out that which is indiscreet but most important1 the cub reporter says3 ,that's most interesting1 sir4 ,i'll make a note of that4 ,and so warns the great man into silence4 ,but the star reporter receives the indiscreet utterance as though it bored him2 and the great man does not know he has blundered until he reads of it the next morning under screaming headlines4#d #d ,the ,red ,cross ,girl1 p4 #g4 ,it is for such reasons that a quick perception of news even in chance remarks is a requisite for interviewing4 ,if one does not grasp instantly the value of a bit of information1 the expression of his face or his actions will give him away later when a full realization of the worth of the news comes to him1 or else he will not be able to recall precisely the facts given4 #ge4 ,retentive ,memory4--,it is for the same reason1 too1 that a retentive memory is necessary4 ,fifty per cent of those interviewed will be frightened at the sight of a notebook4 ,and all men become cautious when they realize that their statements are being taken down word for word4 ,the reporter must correlate properly and keep firmly in mind the facts gleaned in the interview1 then get as quickly as possible to some place where he can record what he has learned4 ,many an interviewer will listen a half-hour without taking a note1 then spend the next half-hour on a horse-block or a curb writing down what the person interviewed has said4 ,other reporters with shorter memories carry pencil stubs and bits of specially cut white cardboard1 and while looking the interviewed man in the eye1 take down statistics and characteristic phrases on the cards4 ,some even1 as on the stage and in the moving pictures1 take occasional notes on their cuffs1--all this in an effort to make the one interviewed talk unrestrainedly4 #gf4 ,use of ,shorthand4--,a word may be said here concerning shorthand4 ,its use in interviewing and in general news reports should not be too much encouraged1 even when a man is entirely willing to have his exact words recorded4 ,often it deadens the presentation of news4 ,shorthand has its value as far as accuracy and record of occasional statements are concerned1 and may well be used1 but its too faithful use has a tendency to take from news stories the imagination that is necessary for a complete and truthful presentation4 ,the stenographic reporter becomes so intent upon the words of the person he is quoting that he misses the spirit of the interview and is liable to produce a formal1 lifeless story4 ,the reporter may well use shorthand as a walking cane1 but not as a crutch4 #gg4 ,precise ,questions in ,interviews4--,if one finds exactness of statement a requisite1 one may obtain shorthand results by bringing along a sheet of typewritten questions for submission to the person interviewed4 ,these questions the person must answer definitely or else evade1 in either case furnishing story material4 ,but whether a reporter comes armed with such a list of questions or not1 he must at least have definitely in mind the exact purpose of his visit and the precise questions he wants answered4 ,in the majority of cases the reason that interviewers meet with such unwelcome receptions from great men is that the latter are too busy to waste time with pottering reporters4 ,certainly the men themselves say so4 ,president ,wilson declares that of the visitors to the ,white ,house not one in ten knows precisely why he has come1 states definitely what he wants1 and leaves promptly when he has finished4 ,such persons are an annoyance to busy men and women1 and the newspaper man who can dispatch quickly the business of his visit will more likely meet with a favorable reception next time4 #gh4 ,learning a ,man's ,career4--,as an aid to interviewing prominent men1 whether one typewrites one's questions in advance or merely determines what in general one will ask1 the reporter should have a good general knowledge of the man's career and what he has accomplished in his particular field1 so that the noted man may not be forced to go too much into detail to make his conversation clear to the interviewer4 ,some men seem annoyed when asked to explain technical terms or to review well-known incidents in their lives4 ,such facts may be obtained from the files of the morgue1 from encyclopedias1 from the ,who's ,who volumes1 and from local men associated in the same kind of work4 ,frequently one will find it advisable to consult the city editor and other members of the staff1 as well as local or less known men1 by way of preparation for interviewing a prominent visitor4 #gi4 ,ability to ,detect ,falsehood4--,the fifth requirement for successful interviewing1 and the last to be discussed in this chapter1#e is the ability to detect falsehood readily4 ,all persons who talk for publication speak with a purpose4 ,sometimes they talk for self-exploitation2 occasionally they wish to pay a grudge against another man4 ,sometimes their purpose is what they say it is2 often it is not4 ,sometimes they tell the exact truth2 frequently they do not1 even when they think they are speaking truthfully4 ,it may seem odd1 but it is true that comparatively few of the persons one questions about even the most commonplace occurrences can give unbiased reports of events4 ,they were too much excited over the affair to observe accurately1 or they are too much prejudiced for or against the persons involved to witness judicially4 ,the reporter1 therefore1 must take into consideration their mental caliber and every possible motive they may have for acting or speaking as they do4 ,if the person who met the reporter a moment ago at ,mr4 ,davidson's door was his wife and she refused to talk about the shooting1 or said he was not shot1 she evidently had a motive for her statement4 ,and if the woman next door recounts with too much relish and in too high-pitched tones the cat-and-dog life of the ,davidsons or their declared intentions each of killing the other1 the reporter had better take care4 ,she is probably venting an old-time grudge against her neighbors1 whose son last month broke a window-pane in her house4 ,countless libel suits might have been avoided had the reporters been able to detect falsehood more readily4 #e ,the value of characteristic phrases and gestures in the interview is discussed on page #acj4 #hj4 ,questioning ,everyone4--,because of these sharp discrepancies in men's natures and the fact that everyone sees an event from his own individual angle1 it is necessary for a reporter to question everybody in any way connected with a story4 ,he should see not only ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,davidson1 if possible1 but other witnesses of the shooting1 acquaintances in the neighborhood1 the servants in the house1 and anyone else1 no matter how humble1 likely in any way to be connected with or to have knowledge of the occurrence4 ,oftentimes a janitor1 a maid1 or a chauffeur will divulge facts that the mistress or the detective bureau would not disclose for large sums of money4 ,frequently a child in the yard or on the back steps will give invaluable information4 ,this is particularly true when the older persons are attempting to conceal facts or are too much excited from a death or an accident to talk4 ,children usually are less unstrung by distressing events and can give a more connected account4 ,moreover1 they are almost always willing to talk1 and they generally try to tell the truth4 #ha4 ,a ,person's ,previous ,record4--,it is also well to inquire particularly about the past history or the previous record of the person involved4 ,if the woman is a divorcee or the man an ex-convict1 or if one of the children previously has been arraigned in police court for delinquency1 or if any one of the participants has ever been drawn into public notice1 such items will be worth much in identifying the characters in the story4 ,if the man whose house is burning lost another house1 well insured1 a year ago2 if the widow has married secretly her chauffeur two months after her husband's sudden death from ptomaine poisoning2 if the man who spoke last night was the preacher who declared all protestant churches will some day return to the confessional2--if such facts can be obtained1 they will add greatly to the interest and the value of the story1 and the reporter should make every effort to obtain them4 ,their interest lies1 of course1 either in the fact that they aid the public in identifying the persons1 or that they provide material for interesting conjectures as to probable results4 ,sometimes1 indeed1 this correlation of present and past facts grows so important that it becomes the main story4 #hb4 ,full ,details4--,while questioning different persons in an attempt to get all the facts1 one should take care to record all details4 ,it is far easier to throw away unneeded material when writing up the events than to return to the scene for neglected information4 ,in particular1 one should learn the name and address of every person in any way connected with the story1 no matter how much trouble it may require to get the information4 ,a man who is merely incidental at the beginning of the inquiry may prove of prime importance an hour later or in the follow-up next day4 ,even the telephone number of persons likely in any way to become prominent--or where such persons may be reached by telephone--should be obtained4 ,for1 try as one will to get all the facts1 one often needs to get additional information after returning to the office4 ,in such a plight1 it is of great value to know where a man may be reached who does not have a telephone in his own home4 ,pictures1 too1 of the persons concerned are valuable4 ,the news-reading public likes illustrations1 and whether the photograph is or is not used1 it is easily returnable by next day's mail4 ,all papers promise to return photographs unharmed4 #hc4 ,getting ,names ,correctly4--,it would seem unnecessary to urge the necessity of getting initials and street addresses and of spelling names correctly2 yet so many newspaper men err here that specific attention must be directed to it4 ,numerous libel suits have been started because a reporter got an initial or a street address wrong and there happened to be in the city another person with the printed name and street address4 ,even if the story does not contain cause for libel1 a person whose name has been misspelled never quite forgives a journal for getting it wrong4 ,the reporter should remember that many of the ,smiths in the world are ,smythes in print and many of the ,catherines spell it ,katharyne in the city directory4 ,and such persons are sensitive4 #hd4 ,speeches4--,in covering speeches the reporter should make an effort to get advance copies of what the speaker intends to say1--and a photograph of him if he is an important personage4 ,a large per cent of the impassioned and seemingly spontaneous bursts of oratory that one hears on church1 lecture1 and political platforms are but verbal reproductions of typewritten manuscript in the speaker's inside coat pocket1 and if the newspaper man will ask for carbon copies of the oratory1 the lecturer will be glad to provide them in advance1--in order to have himself quoted correctly4 ,he will also be glad to provide the photograph4 ,these advance copies of speeches are called release stories4 ,that is1 they are marked at the top of the first page1 ,release1 ,june #ab1 #i3cj ,p4,m41 meaning that no publication shall be made of that material before #i3cj ,p4,m4 of ,june #ab4 ,newspapers always regard scrupulously a release date1 and a reporter need never hesitate to give his word that publication of speeches1 messages1 and reports will be withheld until after delivery4 ,an editor of a paper in the ,middle ,west once thought to scoop the world by printing the ,president's message to ,congress the evening before its delivery1 but he was so promptly barred from the telegraphic wires thereafter that he paid dearly for his violation of professional honor4 ,with these advance copies of speeches in his possession the reporter may write at his own convenience his account of the lecture2 or if he is rushed--and has the permission of the city editor--he may even stay away from the meeting4 ,on the other hand1 if the speaker is of national importance1 it may be well to consult with the city editor about going out fifty miles or more to catch the train on which the distinguished guest is coming4 ,in this way one can have an interview ready for publication by the time the great man arrives and sometimes can obtain a valuable scoop on rival papers4 #he4 ,attending ,lectures4 ,where one is not able to get a typewritten copy of a speech1 the only alternative is to attend the lecture4 ,newspaper men usually are provided with free tickets1 which they should obtain in advance1 as the rush of the lecture hour throws unexpected duties on those responsible for the program1 and one may sometimes be considerably inconvenienced in getting an admission card4 ,inside there is generally a table close to the platform1 where newspaper men may write comfortably4 ,if the reporter has been given an advance copy of the speech1 he should listen closely for any variations from the typewritten manuscript1 as speakers in the excitement resulting from the applause or disapproval of the audience often lose their heads and make indiscreet statements or disclose state secrets that furnish the best story material for the paper next morning4 ,if one does not have an advance copy1 one should attempt to get the speech by topics1 with occasional verbatim passages of particularly pithy or dynamic passages4 ,as in the case of interviews1 it is better not to attempt to take too much of the lecture word for word4 ,the significance1 the spirit of the address is of greater worth than mere literalness4 ,if the city editor wants a verbatim report1 he will send a stenographer4 #hf4 ,a ,newspaper ,man's ,honor4--,in conclusion1 emphasis may be laid on the reporter's attitude toward obtaining news4 ,he must go after a story with the determination to get it and to get it honorably4 ,once he has started after an item1 he must not give up until he has succeeded4 ,but he must succeed with honor4 ,stories are rampant over the ,united ,states of newspaper men stealing through basement windows at night1 listening at keyholes1 bribing jurymen to break their oath1 and otherwise transgressing the limits of law and honor4 ,but the day of such reportorial methods has passed4 ,to-day a newspaper expects every man on its staff to be a gentleman4 ,it wants no lawbreakers or sneaks4 ,stories must be obtained honestly and written up honestly4 ,the man who fakes a story or willfully distorts facts for the sake of injuring a man or making a good news article will be discharged from any reputable newspaper in ,america4 ,and he ought to be4 ,,viii4 ,,organization ,,of ,,the ,,story #hg4 ,on the ,way to the ,office4--,the organization of the news material before beginning to write makes for speed1 accuracy1 and interest4 ,on the way back to the office the reporter must employ his time as profitably as when getting the news1 so that when he enters the city room he may have his facts arranged for developing into story form and may be able to hang his article on the city editor's hook in the briefest time possible4 #hh4 ,speed4--,next to accuracy1 speed is a newspaper man's most valuable asset4 ,some journalists even put speed first1 and ,mr4 ,thomas ,herbert ,warren but voiced the opinion of many of the fraternity when he wrote1 ,thrice blessed he whose statements we can trust1 ,but four times he who gets his news in fust4 ,when the reporter starts back to the office1 he has in his pocket a mass of jumbled facts1 most of which have a bearing on the prospective story1 but many of which have not4 ,even those facts that are relevant are scattered confusedly among the different sheets1 so that in order to write his story he must first rearrange his notes entirely4 ,he may regroup these mentally while writing1 by jumping with his eye up and down the pages1 hunting on the backs of some sheets1 and twisting his head sideways to get notes written crosswise on others4 ,but all this takes valuable time1--so much1 indeed1 that the wise reporter will have on hand1 either in his mind or on paper1 a definite plan for his story4 #hi4 ,accuracy4--,that the reorganization of one's notes preparatory to writing will aid accuracy of statement and of presentation needs little argument4 ,to paraphrase ,herbert ,spencer's words on reading3 ,a reporter has at each moment but a limited amount of mental power available4 ,to recognize and interpret the facts recorded in his notes requires part of his power2 to strike in ordered sequence the typewriter keys that will put those facts on paper requires an additional part2 and only that part which remains can be used for putting his ideas into forceful1 accurate sentences4 ,hence1 the more time and attention it takes to read and understand one's notes1 the less time and attention can be given to expressing the ideas1 and the less vividly will those ideas be presented4 ,moreover1 when a writer attempts to compose from jumbled notes1 because of his attention being riveted on expressing clearly and forcefully what he has jotted down1 he is liable to include in his story facts that do not properly belong there1 or to omit some illegibly written but important item1 and so fail to present the incidents fairly and accurately4 #ij4 ,interest4--,finally1 the third reason for ordering one's notes carefully before writing is to insure interest to the reader4 ,the same story almost always can be presented in several different ways4 ,every story1 too1 must possess a specific point1 a raison d'tre3 as1 the heinousness of the crime1 the cleverness of the brigands1 the loneliness of the widow4 ,this point of the story1 this angle from which the reporter writes1 is determined largely by the writer's selection of details1 which in turn is dominated by the policy of the paper and the interest of the readers4 ,if the paper and its patrons care particularly for humorous stories1 certain dolorous facts are omitted or placed in unimportant positions1 and the readers have a fair but amusing view of the occurrence4 ,if they favor sob stories1 the same incident1 by a different selection or arrangement of details1 may be made pathetic4 ,but the reporter must select his details with such a purpose in mind4 ,and unless he has some such definite motive and has so organized his material before beginning to write1 he will present a more or less prosaic narrative of events with little specific appeal to the reader4 ,of course1 one oftentimes is too rushed to take so much care in preparation for writing4 ,frequently1 indeed1 a reporter cannot wait until he can get back to the office1 but must telephone the facts in to a rewrite man1 who will put them into story form4 ,but it is fair to say that the discerning reporter never idles away his time in the smoking compartment of the car when returning with a story4 ,his mind is1 and should be1 engrossed with the story1 which he should strive to make so good that it will appear on the front page of the paper4 #ia4 ,four ,orders of ,organization4--,in organizing material for writing1 one may adopt any one or a combination of four different orders3 time order1 space order1 climactic order1 complex order4 ,of these1 probably ninety-five per cent of all the news stories published are organized on the time order or a combination of it with one or more of the other three4 ,of the remaining three1 probably four per cent of the stories are written in the climactic order1 leaving only about one per cent for the space and complex orders4 ,numerous articles1 of course1 are a combination of two or more of these orders4 #ib4 ,time ,order4--,the time order is a simple chronological arrangement of the incidents1 as illustrated in the following3 ,,boy ,,burns ,,toes ,,in ,,bed ,fearing the wrath of his father1 ,kenneth ,cavert1 #e-year-old son of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,george ,cavert1 ,rankin and ,franklin streets1 suffered in silence while fire in his bed ,friday evening painfully burned two of his toes and caused severe burns on his body4 ,the lad went to bed shortly after dark ,friday evening4 ,about a half-hour later he went downstairs for a drink4 ,a few minutes later he went down again for a drink4 ,shortly afterward ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,cavert smelled cloth burning in the house1 and going upstairs to investigate1 found the boy in bed1 wide awake1 the blankets in flames1 which surrounded the lad and had already seared his toes4 ,one of the bed rails was burned almost in two and the bed clothing ruined4 ,the lad afterward said he went downstairs to get a mouthful of water to spit on the flames4 ,i spit as hard as ,i could1 said he1 but ,i couldn't put out the fire4 ,although he will not tell how the fire started1 it is supposed he was playing with matches4#f #f ,appleton 7,wisconsin7 ,daily ,post1 ,october #ad1 #aiae4 #ic4 ,space ,order4--,the space order explains itself1 being nothing else than descriptive writing4 ,the following story of the ,eastland disaster in #aiae illustrates the space order3 ,,victims' ,,property ,,listed ,a line of showcases extends down the center of the public hearing room on the first floor of the city hall4 ,arranged for display are a hundred or more cameras of all sizes1 thermos bottles1 purses1 hand bags1 and even a snare drum4 ,around the room are racks on which are hanging cloaks and coats1 here a red sweater1 there a white corduroy cloak4 ,under them are heaps of hats1 mostly men's straw1 obviously of this year's make4 ,there are several hundred women's headgear1 decorated with feathers and ribbons4 ,along one side are piled suit cases and satchels1 open for inspection4 ,they are packed for departure with toothbrushes and toothpaste1 packages of gum1 tobacco and books4 ,a dozen baseball bats are leaning against one of the pillars near the end of the showcase4 ,there are several uniforms to be worn by bandmen4 ,in the extreme corner1 surrounded by hundreds of shoes1 of all kinds1 is a collapsible go-cart4 ,de ,witt ,c4 ,cregier1 city collector1 stood behind one of the showcases yesterday afternoon1 with a jeweler's glass1 examining bits of ornament4 ,piled before him in long rows were envelops4 ,one by one1 he or his assistants dumped the contents on the glass case and read off descriptions of each article to a stenographer3 ,one pocket mirror1 picture of girl on back2 one amethyst filigree pendant2 one round gold embossed bracelet2 gold bow eye-glasses2 ,hawthorne club badge attached to fob2 two #a bills4 ,as the articles were listed they were put back into the envelops4 ,had it not been for one circumstance1 it might have been a pawnshop inventory4 ,there was the jewelry worth more than #aj1jjj1 articles for personal use1 and musical instruments4 ,but under the long rows of coats1 hats1 and shoes1 there was a pool of water4 ,it dripped from the red sweater onto a straw hat beneath4 ,it fell into shoes and the place smelled of wet leather4 ,when the bodies of those who perished in the ,eastland disaster were removed from the water1 their clothing and jewelry were taken by the police and tabulated4 ,there was no space in the custodian's office2 so he hastily fitted up the public hearing-room1 brought in showcases and had carpenters build racks for the clothing4444#g #g ,chicago ,tribune1 ,july #bf1 #aiae4 #id4 ,climactic ,order4--,the climactic order is that in which the incidents are so arranged that the reader shall not know the outcome until he reaches the last one or two sentences4 ,the following story1 though brief1 illustrates well the climactic order of arrangement3 ,,valued ,a ,,dress ,,above ,,life ,first1 there was the young man4 ,one night1 while they were on the way to a movie1 ,ambrosia noticed the young man was looking rather critically at her dress4 ,when one is #ag and lives in a big city where there are any number of girls just as good looking1 besides a lot who are better looking1 it is a serious matter when a young man begins to look critically at one's dress4 ,particularly is it serious when the acquisition of a new dress is a matter of much painstaking planning2 of dispensing with this or that at luncheon2 of walking to work every day instead of only when the weather is fine2 and of other painful sacrifices4 ,ambrosia didn't say anything4 ,she pretended she hadn't noticed the young man's look4 ,but that night1 in her room on ,east ,thirteenth ,street1 ,ambrosia indulged in some higher mathematics4 ,it might as well be vouchsafed here that the address on ,east ,thirteenth ,street is #acae1 and that ,ambrosia's name is ,dallard1 and that she is an operator for the ,bell ,telephone ,company4 ,the net result of her calculations was that1 no matter how hard she saved1 she wouldn't be able to buy a new dress until ,december or ,january4 ,meanwhile1--but ,ambrosia knew there couldn't be any meanwhile4 ,she had to have that dress4 ,ambrosia found a card1 and on it was the name of a firm which ardently assured her it wanted to afford her credit4 ,then there was a little something about a dollar down and a dollar a week until paid for4 ,so ,ambrosia got her dress4 ,it had cost her #a1 and it would be entirely hers when she had paid #ad more4 ,ambrosia wore it to a movie and the young man admiringly informed her she was all dolled up4 ,and everyone was happy4 ,one never can tell about dresses1 though2 particularly #ae ones4 ,one night1 when ,ambrosia was wearing the new possession for the third time1 it developed a long rip4 ,the cloth was defective4 ,ambrosia took the dress back4 ,the installment firm was sorry1 but could do nothing1 and of course the firm expected her to keep paying for it4 ,ambrosia left the dress1 and went back to her old one4 ,the young man noticed it the next time they went out together4 ,shortly afterward1 when he should have called1 he didn't4 ,a collector for the installment house did1 though4 ,meanwhile1 ,ambrosia was saving to buy another dress4 ,she was quite emphatic about the bill from the installment house--she wouldn't pay it4 ,once in awhile she saw the young man1 but she didn't care for more calls until the new dress was forthcoming4 ,tuesday it looked as if everything would come out all right4 ,she had #i saved4 ,wednesday she would draw her salary--#f4 ,she knew where she could buy just what she wanted for #ab4ej4 ,it was much better looking than the old dress and better material4 ,she even made an anticipatory engagement with the young man4 ,wednesday came--,ambrosia went to draw her salary4 ,the installment house had garnisheed it4 ,to-day ,ambrosia's job is being kept open by the telephone company1 and it is thought some arrangement may be made by which the installment house will not garnishee her salary next week4 ,at the ,general ,hospital she is reported as resting well4 ,she was taken there in an ambulance yesterday afternoon after trying to kill herself by inhaling chloroform4#h #h ,kansas ,city ,star1 ,january #a1 #aiag4 #ie4 ,complex ,order4--,the complex order1 sometimes called the order of increasing complication1 is that in which the writer proceeds from the known to the unknown4 ,generally a story following this method of organization is nothing else than simple exposition4 ,the following ,associated ,press story illustrates the type3 ,a,,rial ,,torpedo ,,boat ,,invented ,by ,associated ,press4 ,washington1 ,july #bb4--;,an arial torpedo boat for attack on ships in protected harbors is projected1 it was learned to-day1 in patents just issued to ,rear ,admiral ,bradley ,a4 ,fiske1 now attached to the navy war college1 but formerly aid for operations to ,secretary ,daniels4 ,the plan contemplates equipping a monster aeroplane1 similar to a number now under construction in this country for the ,british government1 with a ,whitehead torpedo of regulation navy type4 ,swooping down at a distance of five sea miles from the object of attack1 the air craft would drop its deadly passenger into the water just as it would have been launched from a destroyer4 ,the impact sets the torpedo's machinery in motion and it is off at a speed of more than forty knots an hour toward the enemy ship4 ,admiral ,fiske believes the flying torpedo boat would make it possible to attack a fleet even within a landlocked harbor4 ,the range of the newest navy torpedoes is ten thousand yards and even the older types will be effective at seven thousand yards4 ,carried on a huge aeroplane1 the #b1jjj pound weapon would be taken over harbor defenses at an altitude safe from gunfire4 ,once over the bay1 the machine would glide down to within ten or twenty feet of water1 the torpedo rudders would be set and it would be dropped to do its work while the aeroplane arose and sped away4#i #i ,minneapolis ,tribune1 ,july #bb1 #aiae4 #if4 ,climactic ,order ,difficult4--,of the four organization plans1 the hardest by far to develop is the climactic order1 which should be avoided by young reporters4 ,this method of arrangement is on the short-story order1 and the beginner will find it difficult to group his incidents so that each shall lead up to and explain those following and at the same time add to the reader's interest4 ,some papers as yet admit only rarely the story developed climactically1 but it is growing in popularity and the reporter should know how to handle it4 #ig4 ,important ,details4--,with the climactic order of arrangement eliminated1 the reporter is practically limited to the simple time order1 or a combination of it with one of the other two kinds1--which is the normal type of story4 ,but he must keep in mind one other factor1--to place the most important details first and the least important last4 ,there are two reasons why this method of arrangement is necessary4 ,in the first place1 readers want all the main details first1 so that they may learn immediately whether or not they are interested in the story and if it will be worth their while to read the whole article4 ,they are too busy to read everything in the paper2 they can choose only those stories that excite their interest4 ,if1 therefore1 they can learn in the first paragraph what the whole story is about1 they will not be delayed and fatigued unnecessarily by reading non-essentials with the hope of finding something worth while4 #ih4 ,unimportant ,details4--,the second reason for such an organization is that stories appearing in the early editions have to be cut down to fit into the more valuable and limited space of the later issues4 ,at the beginning of the day news is relatively scarce1 and the front-page1 left-hand column of the first edition may carry a story that will be cut in half in the city edition and be relegated to an inside page4 ,more important news has come in as the day has aged4 ,a reporter1 therefore1 must plan his stories with a view to having the last part1 if necessary1 cut off1--so that1 indeed1 if the news editor should prune the story down to only the first paragraph1 the reader would still be given the gist of what has happened4 ,note the following story1 how it may be cut off at any paragraph and still present a perfect1 though less imposing whole3 ,,schoolboy ,,sues ,,bride1 ,,aged #dj ,villisca1 ,ia41 ,dec4 #bg4--;,claude ,bates1 #ag years old and formerly of ,villisca1 has brought suit in ,polk county for the annulment of his marriage to the widow ,patrick1 #dj years old and the mother of four children1 two of whom are older than their stepfather4 ,bates is still in school1 and became acquainted with the widow when he went to her home to call on one of her daughters4 ,according to the petition1 young ,bates made such a hit with the mother of his best girl that she herself fell in love with him1 and was soon a rival of her own daughter4 ,the older woman knew many tricks with which the daughter was unacquainted1 and in the end she managed to bag the game4 ,the marriage1 which took place in ,chicago1 was kept a secret even after the couple returned home1 and it was not until young ,bates told the whole story to his mamma a few days ago that his family had an inkling of the true state of affairs4 ,now the suit has been filed by the boy's mother1 because the young husband himself is too young to go into court without a guardian4 ,as one of the causes of the suit1 the petition cites that ,bates was inveigled into the marriage through the wiles1 artifices1 and protestations of love on the part of the widow4 ,furthermore1 the petition charges that the two were married under assumed names1 that their ages were falsely given1 and that their residences1 as given the marriage clerk1 were false4 ,according to the petition1 young ,bates was attending school1 where he met ,mrs4 ,patrick's daughter and fell in love with her4 ,he called at the house and met the mother1 who was divorced from her first husband some ten years ago4 ,there were four of the ,patrick children1 their ages being #ac1 #ae1 #ag1 and #bj years4 ,bates himself was just #ae at that time4 ,the petition sets up that almost immediately after becoming acquainted with ,mrs4 ,patrick the latter began her attempts to induce young ,bates to marry her4#aj #aj ,des ,moines ,register1 ,december #bg1 #aiad4 #ii4 ,accuracy of ,presentation4--,one very definite caution must be given concerning the organization of the story1--the necessity of presenting facts with judicial impartiality4 ,when the reporter is arranging his material preparatory to writing1 casting away a note here and jotting down another there1 he can easily warp the whole narrative by an unfair arrangement of details or a prejudiced point of view4 ,frequently a story may be woefully distorted by the mere suppression of a single fact4 ,a newspaper man has no right willfully to keep back information or to distort news4 ,unbiased stories1 or stories as nearly unbiased as possible1 are what newspapers want4 ,and while one may legitimately order one's topics to produce a particular effect of humor1 pathos1 joy1 or sorrow1 one should never allow the desire for an effect to distort the presentation of the facts4 ,,ix4 ,,the ,,lead#aa #aa ,before reading this chapter1 the student should examine the style book in the ,appendix1 particularly that part dealing with the preparation of copy for the city desk4 #ajj4 ,instructions from the ,city ,editor4--,before beginning the story1 the reporter should stop at the city editor's desk1 give him in as few words as possible an account of what he has learned1 and ask for instructions about handling the story1 about any feature or features to play up4 ,the city editor may not offer any advice at all1 may simply say to write the story for what it is worth4 ,in such a case1 the reporter is at liberty to go ahead as he has planned2 and he should have his copy on the city editor's desk within a very few minutes4 ,the city editor1 however1 may tell him to feature a certain incident and to write it up humorously4 ,if the reporter has observed keenly1 he himself will already have chosen the same incident and may still proceed with the writing as he planned on the way back to the office4 ,a careful study of instructions given reporters will quickly convince one1 however1 that in nine cases out of ten the city editor takes his cue from the reporter himself1 that in the reporter's very mood and method of recounting what he has learned1 he suggests to the city editor the features and the tone of the story1 and is merely given back his own opinion verified4 ,not always is this the case1 however4 ,one reporter on a ,southern daily--and a star man1 too--used to say that he could never predict what his city editor would want featured4 ,so he used always to come into the office armed with two leads1 and sometimes with three4 #aja4 ,two ,kinds of ,leads4--,the story1 technically1 is made up of two parts--the lead and the body4 ,the lead is easily the more important4 ,if a reporter can handle successfully this part of the story1 he will have little trouble in writing the whole4 ,the lead is the first sentence or the first group of sentences in the story and is of two kinds1 the summarizing lead and what may be called the informal lead4 ,the summarizing lead gives in interesting1 concise language the gist of the story4 ,the informal lead merely introduces the reader to the story without intimating anything of the outcome1 but with a suggestion that something interesting is coming4 ,of the two types the summarizing lead is by far the more common and may be considered first4 #ajb4 ,summarizing ,lead4--,the summarizing lead may be a single sentence or a single paragraph1 or two or three paragraphs1 according to the number and complexity of the details in the story4 ,a brief story usually has a short lead4 ,a long1 involved story made up of several parts1 each under a separate head1 often has a lead consisting of several paragraphs4 ,sometimes this lead1 because of its importance as a summary of all the details in the story1 is even boxed and printed in black-face type at the beginning of the story4 ,then follow the different parts1 each division with its own individual lead4 #ajc4 ,contents of the ,lead4--,what to put into the lead1--or to feature1 as reporters express it in newspaper parlance1--one may best determine by asking oneself what in the story is likely to be of greatest interest to one's readers in general4 ,whatever that feature is1 it should be played up in the lead4 ,the first and great commandment in news writing is that the story begin with the most important fact and give all the essential details first4 ,these details are generally summarized in the questions who1 what1 when1 where1 why1 and how4 ,if the writer sees that his lead answers these questions1 he may be positive that1 so far as context is concerned1 his lead will be good4 #ajd4 ,construction of the ,lead4--,in constructing the lead1 the most important fact or facts should be put at the very first4 ,for this reason1 newspaper men avoid beginning a story with to-day1 to-morrow1 or yesterday1 because the time at which an incident has occurred is rarely the most important fact4 ,for the same reason1 careful writers avoid starting with the1 an1 or a1 though it often is necessary to begin with these articles because the noun they modify is itself important4 ,the name of the place1 too1 rarely ever is of enough importance to be put first4 ,an examination of a large number of leads in the best newspapers shows that the features most often played up are the result and the cause or motive4 ,thus3 ,result ,as a result of too much thanksgiving on ,thanksgiving ,day1 ,prof4 ,harry ,z4 ,buith1 #db1 #dhh ,sixteenth ,street1 a prominent ,seventh ,day ,adventist1 is dead4 ,cause ,just plain ordinary geese and a few ganders held up a train on the ,milwaukee road to-day and forced their owner1 ,nepomcyk ,kucharski1 #abhg ,fourth ,avenue1 into district court4 ,cause and ,result ,because ,harry ,a4 ,harries1 #bd1 #beah ,north ,avenue1 wanted two dollars for a license to marry ,anna ,francis1 #ag1 #djdb ,peachtree ,avenue1 his aged mother is dying this morning in ,st4 ,elizabeth ,hospital4 ,sometimes1 particularly in follow or rewrite stories1 probable results become the feature4 ,probable ,results ,that immediate intervention in ,mexico by the ,united ,states will be the result of the ,villa raid last night on ,columbus1 ,n4,m41 is the general belief in official ,washington this morning4 ,another feature often played up in leads is the means or method by which a result was attained4 ,means ,a sensational half-mashie shot to the lip of the cup on the eighteenth green won to-day for ,mrs4 ,roland ,h4 ,barlow1 of the ,merion ,cricket ,club1 ,philadelphia1 over ,miss ,lillian ,b4 ,hyde1 of the ,south ,shore ,field ,club1 ,long ,island1 in the second round of the women's national golf championship tournament at the ,onwentsia ,club4 ,method ,working at night with a tin spoon and a wire nail1 ,capt4 ,wilhelm ,schuettler dug #ajj feet to liberty and escaped from the ,hallamshire camp sometime early this morning4 ,often it is necessary to feature the name3 ,name ,cardinal ,giacomo della ,chiesa1 archbishop of ,bologna1 ,italy1 was to-day elected supreme pontiff of the ,catholic hierarchy1 in succession to the late ,pope ,pius ,x1 who died ,aug4 #bj4 ,he will reign under the name of ,benedict ,,xv4 ,name ,president ,wilson and ,mrs4 ,norman ,galt have selected ,saturday1 ,dec4 #ah1 as the date of their marriage4 ,the ceremony will be performed in ,mrs4 ,galt's residence1 and the guests will be confined to the immediate members of the ,president's and ,mrs4 ,galt's families4 ,even the place and the time have to be featured occasionally4 ,place ,new ,orleans will be the place of the annual meeting of the ,southern ,congress of ,education and ,industry1 it was learned from a member of the ,executive committee to-day4 ,place ,chicago was selected by the ,republican ,national committee to-night as the meeting place of the #aiaf ,republican national convention1 to be held ,june #g1 one week before the ,democratic convention in ,st4 ,louis4 ,time ,monday1 ,sept4 #bj1 is the date finally set for the opening of the ,state ,fair1 it was announced by the ,program ,committee to-day4 #aje4 ,form of the ,lead4--,the grammatical form in which the lead shall be written depends much on the purpose of the writer4 ,some of the commonest types of beginnings are with3 7#a7 a simple statement2 7#b7 a series of simple statements2 7#c7 a conditional clause2 7#d7 a substantive clause2 7#e7 an infinitive phrase2 7#f7 a participial phrase2 7#g7 a prepositional phrase2 7#h7 the absolute construction4 #ajf4 ,leads with ,short ,sentences4--,the value of the first two kinds is their forcefulness4 ,often reporters break what might be a long1 one-sentence1 summarizing lead into a very short sentence followed by a long one1 or into a number of brief sentences1 each of which gives one important detail4 ,such a type of lead gains its force from the fact that it lends emphasis to the individual details given in the short sentences4 ,note the effect of the following leads3 ,,oak ,,park ,,has ,a ,,typhoid ,,mary ,the epidemic of fever that has been sweeping through the western suburb since the high school banquet more than a month ago was traced yesterday to a woman carrier who handled the food in the school restaurant4 ,george ,edward ,waddell1 our famous ,rube1 fanned out to-day4 ,it was not the first time ,rube had fanned1 but it will be his last4 ,tuberculosis claimed him after a two-year fight4 ,if ,mrs4 ,mary ,mc,cormick sneezes or coughs1 she will die4 ,her back was broken yesterday by a fall from a third-story window4 ,thomas ,wilson is being held under a #e1jjj bond pending her death or recovery1 charged by the police with pushing her from the window4 #ajg4 ,lead ,beginning with a ,conditional ,clause--,the lead beginning with a conditional clause is valuable for humorous effects or for summarizing facts leading up to a story4 ,as a rule1 however1 one must avoid using more than two such clauses1 as they are liable to make the sentence heavy or obscure4 ,if ,antony ,fisher1 #cf1 #aidf ,garden ,street1 had not written ,dorothy ,clemens she was a little love1 he would be worth #a1jjj1jjj now4 ,but he wrote ,dorothy she was a little love4 ,if ,joe ,kasamowitz1 #dbcf ,queen's ,avenue1 speaks to his wife either at her home or at the news-stand she conducts at the ,st4 ,paul ,hotel2 if he loiters near the entrance to the hotel2 or if he even attempts to call his wife over the telephone before ,saturday1 he will be in contempt of court1 according to an injunction issued to-day by ,judge ,fish4 #ajh4 ,lead ,beginning with a ,substantive ,clause4--,the substantive clause has two main values in the lead1--to enable the writer to begin with a direct or an indirect question1 and to permit him to shift to the very beginning of the lead important ideas that would normally come at the end of the sentence4 ,that ,jim ,jeffries was the greatest fighter in the history of pugilism and ,jim ,corbett the best boxer1 was the statement last night by ,bob ,fitzsimmons before a crowd of #e1jjj at the ,orpheum theater4 ,that he had refused to kiss her on her return from a long visit and had said he was tired of being married1 was the testimony of ,mrs4 ,flora ,eastman to-day in her divorce suit against ,edwin ,o4 ,eastman1 of ,st4 ,louis4 #aji4 ,lead ,beginning with a ,phrase4--,infinitive1 participial1 and prepositional phrases are valuable mainly for bringing out emphatic details4 ,but the writer must be careful1 particularly in participial constructions1 to see that the phrases have definite words to modify4 ,to see if the bullet was coming was the reason ,charlie ,roberts1 aged #g1 #bfbf ,ninth ,street1 looked down his father's pistol barrel at #h3jj ,a4,m4 to-day4 ,playing with a rifle longer than his body1 three-year-old ,ernest ,rodriguez1 of ,los ,angeles1 accidentally shot himself in the abdomen this morning and is dying in the county hospital4 ,almost blinded with carbolic acid1 ,fritz ,storungot1 of ,south ,haven1 groped his way to ,patrolman ,emil ,schulz at ,third ,street and ,brand ,avenue last night and begged to be sent to the ,emergency ,hospital4 ,with her hands and feet tied1 ,ida ,elionsky1 #af1 swam in the roughest kind of water through ,hell ,gate yesterday1 landing safely at ,blackwell's ,island4 #aaj4 ,lead ,beginning with ,absolute ,construction4--,the absolute construction usually features causes and motives forcibly1 but it should be avoided by beginners1 as it is un-,english and tends to make sentences unwieldy4 ,the following illustrates the construction well3 ,her money gone and her baby starving1 ,mrs4 ,kate ,allen1 #h ,marvin ,alley1 begged fifteen cents of a stranger yesterday to poison herself and child4 #aaa4 ,accuracy and ,interest in the ,lead4--,the two requirements made of the lead are that it shall possess accuracy and interest4 ,it must have accuracy for the sake of truth4 ,it must possess interest to lure the reader to a perusal of the story4 ,toward an attainment of both these requirements the reporter will have made the first step if he has organized his material rightly1 putting at the beginning those facts that will be of most interest to his readers4 #aab4 ,clearness4--,but the reporter will still fail of his purpose if he neglects to make his lead clear4 ,he must guard against any construction or the inclusion of any detail that is liable to blur the absolute clarity of his initial sentences4 ,in particular1 he must be wary of overloaded leads1 those crowded with details4 ,it is better to cut such leads into two or more short1 crisp sentences than to permit them to be published with the possibility of not being understood4 ,if a reader cannot grasp readily the lead1 the chances are nine out of ten that he will not read the story4 ,note the following overloaded lead and its improvement by being cut into three sentences3 ,barely able to see out of her swollen and discolored eyes1 and her face and body covered with cuts and bruises1 received1 it is alleged1 when her father attacked her because of her failure to secure work1 ,mary ,ellis1 #ae years old1 living at #ahfd ,brown ,street1 when placed on the witness stand ,monday1 told a story which resulted in ,peter ,ellis1 her father1 being arrested on a charge of assault with intent to do great bodily harm4 ,charged with beating unmercifully his daughter1 ,mary1 #ae1 because she could not obtain work1 ,peter ,ellis1 #ahfd ,brown ,street1 was arraigned in police court ,monday4 ,the girl herself appeared against ,ellis4 ,her body1 when she appeared on the witness stand1 was covered with cuts and bruises1 her face black from the alleged blows1 and her eyes so much swollen that she could hardly see4 ,the following lead1 too1 is overloaded and all but impossible to understand3 ,two letters written by ,h4 ,m4 ,boynton1 an advertising agent for the ,allen-,procter ,co41 to ,dear ,louise1 in which he confessed undying love and which are replete with such terms of endearment as little love1 dear beloved1 sweetheart1 honey1 and just plain love1 and which were alleged by him to have been forged by his wife1 ,mrs4 ,hannah ,benson ,boynton1 obtained a divorce for her yesterday in district court on the grounds of alienated affections4 ,few readers would wade through this maze of shifted constructions and heavy1 awkward phrasing for the sake of the divorce story following4 ,in the following form1 however1 it readily becomes clear3 ,two love letters to ,dear ,louise cost ,h4 ,m4 ,boynton1 advertising agent for the ,allen-,procter ,co41 a wife yesterday in district court4 ,the letters were produced by ,mrs4 ,hannah ,benson ,boynton to support her charge of alienated affections1 and were replete with such terms of endearment as undying love1 honey1 sweetheart1 dear beloved1 little love1 and just plain love4 ,boynton claimed that the letters were forged4 #aac4 ,boxed ,summaries and ,features4--,when a story is unusually long and complicated and the number of details numerous1 or when important points or facts need particular emphasis1 it is customary to make a digest of the principal items and box them in display type before the regular lead4 ,boxed summaries at the beginning of a story are really determined by the city editor and the copy readers1 but a grouping of the outstanding facts for boxing is often a welcome suggestion and a valuable help to the sub-editors4 ,if the reporter is in doubt about the need of a boxed summary1 he may make it on a separate sheet and place it on the city editor's desk along with the regular story4 ,types of stories that most frequently have boxed summaries are accidents1 with lists of the dead and the injured in bold-face type2 important athletic and sporting events1 with summaries of the records1 the crowds in attendance1 the gate receipts1 etc42 speeches1 trials1 and executions1 with epigrams and the most important utterances of the judges1 lawyers1 witnesses1 or defendants2 international diplomatic letters1 with the main points of discussion or most threatening statements2 lengthy governmental reports1 etc4 ,an illustration of the boxed summary is the following1 featuring the last statement of ,charles ,becker1 the ,new ,york police lieutenant1 electrocuted in #aiae for the death of ,herman ,rosenthal3 ,,police ,,officer ,,pays ,,penalty ,,with ,,his ,,life ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,,my ,,dying ,,statement4 ,gentlemen3 ,i stand before you in my full senses1 knowing that no power on earth can save me from the grave that is to receive me4 ,in the face of that1 in the face of those who condemn me1 and in the presence of my ,god and your ,god1 ,i proclaim my absolute innocence of the foul crime for which ,i must die4 ,you are now about to witness my destruction by the state which is organized to protect the lives of the innocent4 ,may almighty ,god pardon everyone who has contributed in any degree to my untimely death4 ,and now on the brink of my grave1 ,i declare to the world that ,i am proud to have been the husband of the purest1 noblest woman that ever lived1--,helen ,becker4 ,this acknowledgment is the only legacy ,i can leave her4 ,i bid you all good-bye4 ,father1 ,i am ready to go4 ,amen4 ,,charles ,,becker4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,ossining1 ,n4 ,y41 ,july #cj4--;,at peace with his ,maker1 a prayer on his lips1 but with never a faltering of his iron will1 ,charles ,becker expiated the murder of ,herman ,rosenthal at #e3ee this morning4 ,pinned on his shirt above his heart1 he carried with him the picture of his devoted wife4 ,in his hand he clutched the crucifix4 ,the death current cut off in his throat the whisper1 ,jesus have mercy4 ,it was not the plea of a man shaken and fearful of death1 but rather the prayer of one with the conviction that he was innocent4 ,just before he entered the death chamber he declared to ,father ,curry1 ,i am not guilty by deeds1 conspiracy or any other way of the death of ,rosenthal4 ,i am sacrificed for my friends4 ,previously at #d ,a4,m4 he issued ,my ,dying ,statement4 ,it was a passionate reiteration of innocence1 and is left as his only legacy to his wife3 ,i declare to the world that ,i am proud to have been the husband of the purest1 noblest woman that ever lived1--,helen ,becker4 ,absolute quiet reigned in the death house at #e4ej ,a4,m4 ,suddenly the little green door swung open4 ,becker appeared4 ,he had no air of bravado4 ,behind him in the procession came ,fathers ,cashin and ,curry4 ,becker walked unassisted to the death chamber4 ,as he entered he glanced about1 seemingly surprised4 ,his face had the expression of a person coming from darkness into sudden light1 but there was no hint of hesitancy to meet death in the stride with which he approached the chair which had already claimed the lives of four others in payment for the ,rosenthal murder4 ,the doomed man held a black crucifix in his left hand4 ,it was about ten inches long1 and as he calmly took his place in the chair1 he raised it to his lips4 ,following the chant of the priests1 he entoned1 ,oh1 ,lord1 assist me in my last agony4 ,i give you my heart and my soul4 ,when all was ready1 the executioner stepped back and in full view of the witnesses calmly shut the switch4 ,as the great current of electricity shot into the frame of the former master of gunmen1 the big body straightened out1 tugging at the creaking straps4 ,for a few moments it stretched out4 ,a slight sizzling was heard and a slight curl of smoke went up from the right side of ,becker's head1 rising from under the cap4 ,when the shock was at its height1 his grip tightened to the crucifix1 but as the electrocutioner snapped the switch off the cross slipped from the relaxed fingers4 ,a guard caught it4 ,the whole body dropped to a position of utter collapse4 ,becker's shirt was then opened4 ,as the black cloth was turned back to make way for the stethoscope1 the picture of ,mrs4 ,becker was revealed4 ,it was pinned inside4 ,the doctors pushed it aside impatiently1 evidently not knowing what it was4 ,they held stethoscopes to the heart4 ,another shock was demanded of the cool young executioner4 ,he stepped back and swung the switch open and shut again4 ,the crumpled body clutched the straps again4 ,once more the doctors felt his heart4 ,they seemed to argue whether there was still evidence of life4 ,once again the executioner was appealed to and once again he snapped on and off the switch4 ,the lips then parted in a smile4 ,the stethoscope was applied and it was declared that ,becker was dead4444#ab #ab ,george ,r4 ,holmes1 of the ,united ,press ,associations1 in ,the ,appleton ,post1 ,july #cj1 #aiae4 #aad4 ,informal ,lead4--,the opposite of the summarizing lead is the informal1 or suspense1 lead4 ,this type begins with a question1 a bit of verse1 a startling quotation1 or one or two manifestly unimportant details that tell little and yet whet the appetite of the reader1 luring him to the real point of interest later in the story4 ,such leads1 sometimes known as human interest leads1 are admittedly more difficult than those of the summarizing type1 their difficulty being but one effect of the cause which makes them necessary4 ,an examination of a large number of these leads shows that their purpose is to make attractive news that for some cause is lacking in interest4 ,most frequently the news is old2 often it is merely commonplace2 or possibly it may have come from such a distance that it lacks local interest4 ,in such cases the aid of the informal lead is invoked for the purpose of stimulating the reader's interest and inducing him to read the whole story4 ,and this explains the difficulty of the informal lead4 ,its originality must compensate for the poverty of the news it presents4 ,it must be more attractive1 more striking1 more piquant than the ordinary lead4 ,and the only ways of obtaining this attractiveness1 this piquancy1 are by novelty of approach and of statement4#ac #ac ,for an additional discussion of the informal lead1 see ,chapter ,,xix4 #aae4 ,question ,lead4--,a few illustrations of informal leads will make clearer their exact nature4 ,first may be cited the question lead1 two examples of which are given below1 with enough of the story appended in each case to show the method of enticing the reader into the story4 ,how long can the war last8 ,it's a fool question1 because there is no certain answer4 ,but when there is an unanswerable question1 it is the custom to look up precedents4 ,here are a few precedents4444 ,if you planned to wed in ,september and married in ,july just to suit your own convenience1 would you be provoked if your dear neighbors immediately seated themselves and wove a beautiful romance out of it8 ,grace ,elliott ,bomarie1 daughter of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,charles ,elliott ,bomarie1 of #icj ,lawrence ,avenue1 and sister of ,bessie ,bomarie1 former famous champion golf player1 was not angry to-day4 ,instead she laughed the merriest kind of a laugh over the telephone and said3 ,call me up in half an hour and ,i will tell you all about it4 ,but she didn't4 ,on the recall 7that's the proper word in this day of equal suffrage71 she was not at home4 ,mrs4 ,bomarie was1 and said3 ,please just say that ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,charles ,elliott ,bomarie announce the marriage of their daughter1 ,grace ,elliott1 to ,mr4 ,albert ,wingate4 #aaf4 ,verse ,lead4--,the lead beginning with a bit of verse is more difficult than the question lead because of the uncertainty with which most persons write metrical lines4 ,the following may serve as a fairly successful attempt3 ,u4 ,s4 ,,jackies ,,want ,,mail ,perhaps you've seen a jolly tar ,a-pushing at the capstan bar ,or swabbing off the deck1 ,and figured that a life of ease ,attends the jackie on the seas ,who draws a ,u4 ,s4 check4 ,his lot1 it seems1 is not quite so2 ,just hear this plaintive plea of woe ,that comes from off the ,,buffalo4 ,the sailors rise to raise a wail ,because they say they get no mail4 ,will some ,milwaukee misses in their spare moments do ,uncle ,sam a favor by writing letters to cheer up some of his downhearted nephews in the navy8 ,the boys are just pining away from lonesomeness1 owing to the fact that no one writes to them4 ,at least this is the sorrowful plea of ,g4 ,h4 ,jones1 a sailor aboard the ,u4 ,s4 ,s4 ,,buffalo1 who writes ,,the ,,sentinel from ,san ,francisco as follows3 ,girls--,why not use some of your idle moments in writing to us8 ,i have been in the navy five years and have never received any mail4 ,g4 ,h4 ,jones1 ,u4 ,s4 ,s4 ,buffalo1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4#ad #ad ,milwaukee ,sentinel1 ,august #g1 #aiad4 #aag4 ,extraordinary ,statement in ,lead4--,an extraordinary statement made by a person in a speech1 an interview1 or a trial scene is often used in the informal lead4 ,if1 however1 the quoted statement is so long or of such a nature that it summarizes the whole story1 it places the lead1 of course1 not in the informal class1 but in the normal summarizing group4 ,the following illustrates well the extraordinary statement3 ,,friend ,,wife ,,went ,,too ,,far ,mr4 ,david ,elliott1 ,chicago4 ,sir3 ,you can go to the d----l1 and the quicker the better4 ,sincerely1 ,your ,wife4 ,this is the letter in which ,david ,elliot thinks his wife went too far4 ,he produced it before ,judge ,david ,matchett ,saturday in a suit for divorce4 #aah4 ,suspense ,lead4--,the most difficult to handle of all the informal leads is the suspense lead1 where the writer purposely begins with unimportant but enticing details and lures the reader on from paragraph to paragraph1 always holding out a half-promise of something worth while if one will continue a bit further4 ,in this way the reader is tempted to the middle or end of the story before he is told the real point of the article4 ,a difficult type of lead1 this1 but forceful when well handled4 ,pierre ,l4 ,corbin1 #fj years old1 of ,eatontown1 who runs a dairy and drives his own milk wagon1 matched the speed of his horse against that of a ,new ,jersey ,central train yesterday morning at #g o'clock in a race to the crossing at ,eatontown4 ,it was a tie4 ,both got there at the same time4#ae #ae ,new ,york ,times1 ,august #bg1 #aiae4 ,there are two ways of patching a pair of trousers1--neatly and bluey2 and probably no tailor in ,manhattan is as certain of it to-day as ,sigmund ,steinbern4 ,so he stated to the police yesterday when a customer sat him down on his lighted gas stove1 and so he insisted last night when friends called to see him at the ,washington ,heights ,hospital4 ,furthermore1 to say nothing of moreover1 he is a tailor of standing1 or will be for the next couple of weeks1 and he knows his place4 ,it is not1 he feels1 upon a gas stove4 ,to friends who called at the hospital to ask ,mr4 ,steinbern exactly what had happened to him1 he said1 by way of changing the subject1 that he has a sign in his store upon which the following appears3 ,,everything ,,done ,,in ,a ,,hurry ,there1 he contends1 lies the seed of the trouble4 ,regarding the seat of the trouble1 more anon4444#af #af ,new ,york ,herald1 ,december #ba1 #aiae4 #aai4 ,tone4--,no matter which of the two types of lead one uses1 whether the summarizing or the informal1 one point further needs attention in the writing1--the value of constructing such a lead as will suggest the tone of the story4 ,half the leads that one reads in the daily papers do not possess this touchstone of superiority1 but all the leads to the big stories have it4 ,if the article is to be pathetic1 tragic1 humorous1 mildly satirical1 the lead should suggest it2 and the reporter will find that in proportion as he is able to imbue his lead with the story-tone he aims at in his writing1 so will be the success of his story4 ,this topic is discussed further in the next chapter1 but the reader may consider at this point the two following leads1 in which one plainly promises a story of pathos and tragedy2 the other1 half-serious humor3 ,,died--,claus1 ,santa1 in the ,american ,hospital1 ,christmas morning1 aged #aa4 ,santa ,claus1 who wasn't such an old fellow after all1 overslept on the great morning4 ,he had gone to bed plain ,vern ,olson--not in a toy shop at the ,north ,pole1 but in a little room behind his widowed mother's delicatessen shop at #aaa ,south ,robey ,street4 ,the cause of the high cost of living has been discovered4 ,it's pie1--plain pie4 ,teeny ,terss1 who runs a ,greek restaurant on ,hodel ,street1 made the announcement to-day4 #abj4 ,conclusion4--,of the two types of lead1 the beginner is advised to attempt at first only the summary lead1 relying on the excellence of the news to carry the story4 ,this kind of lead is definite4 ,a reporter always can know when his lead answers the questions who1 what1 when1 where1 why1 and how4 ,and if he has presented his facts clearly in the lead1 he may feel a certain degree of assurance that he has been successful4 ,in writing the informal lead1 on the contrary1 one can never be positive of anything or of any effect4 7,and it is a particular effect for which the reporter always must strive in the informal lead47 ,climax and suspense are such elusive spirits that if a writer but give evidence he is seeking them1 he immediately loses them4 ,the only safe plan for the novice1 therefore1 is to confine himself at first exclusively to the summarizing lead4 ,then as his hand becomes sure1 he may take ventures with the elusive1 informal1 or suspense1 lead4 ,x4 ,,the ,,body ,,of ,,the ,,story #aba4 ,inaccuracy and ,dullness4--,if the reporter has written a strong lead for his story1 he need have small worry about what shall follow1 which usually is little more than a simple narration of events in chronological order1 with interspersions of explanation or description4 ,if a wise choice and arrangement has been made in the organization of details1 the part of the story following the lead will all but tell itself4 ,the reporter's care now must be to maintain the interest he has developed in the lead and to regard the accuracy of succeeding statements4 ,there are just two crimes of which a newspaper man may be guilty1--inaccuracy and dullness4 ,and the greater of these is inaccuracy4 #abb4 ,accuracy4--,when a reporter is publishing a choice bit of scandal or a remarkable instance of disregarded duty1 it is an easy thing1 for the sake of making the story a good one1 or for lack of complete information1 to draw on the imagination or to jump too readily at conclusions1 and so present as facts not only what may be untrue1 but what often later proves entirely false4 ,the ease of the thing is argued by the frequency with which it is done4 ,such a reporter does a threefold harm3 he compels his paper to humiliate itself later by publishing the truth2 he causes the public to lose confidence in his journal2 and he does irreparable injury to unknown1 innocent persons4 ,the day following the ,eastland disaster in #aiae1 one ,chicago paper ran the list of dead up to eighteen hundred4 ,a week later the same paper was forced to put the number at less than nine hundred4 ,a rival publication in the same city kept its estimate consistently in the neighborhood of nine hundred1 with the resultant effect to-day of increased public confidence in its statements4 ,in another city of the ,middle ,west judgment for #aj1jjj has recently been granted a complainant because one of the city staff made a rash statement about the plaintiff's illicit love4 ,the reporter was discharged1 of course1 but that did not repair the damage or reimburse the paper4 #abc4 ,law of ,libel4--,every newspaper man1 as a matter of business1 should know the law of libel4 ,it varies somewhat in different states1 but the following brief summary may be taken as a working basis until the reporter can gain an opportunity to study it in his own state4 ,in the first place1 the law holds responsible not only the owners of the journal1 but the publisher1 the editor1 the writer of the offending article1 and even any persons selling the paper1 provided it can be proved that they were aware of the matter contained in the publication4 ,what constitutes libel is equally far-reaching4 ,it is any published matter that tends to disgrace or degrade a person generally1 or to subject him to public distrust1 ridicule1 or contempt4 ,any written article that implies or may be generally understood to imply reproach1 dishonesty1 scandal1 or ridicule of or against a person1 or which tends to subject such a person to social disgrace1 public distrust1 hatred1 ridicule1 or contempt1 is libelous4 ,even the use in an article of ironical or sarcastic terms indicating scorn or contempt is libelous1 because such expressions are calculated to injure the persons of whom they are spoken4 ,and if an article contains several expressions1 each of which is libelous1 each may be a separate cause for legal action4 ,nor is it a defense to prove that such rumors were current1 that such statements were previously published1 or even that the writer did not intend the remarks to do injury4 ,if it can be proved that the article has done injury1 the writer and his paper are guilty of libel and must pay damages in accordance with the enormity of the offense4 #abd4 ,avoidance of ,libel4--,when it becomes necessary to make a statement about a person that may be unpleasing to him1 the writer should give the name of the one making the charge or assertion1 or else avoid making a specific charge by inserting it is alleged1 it is rumored1 it is charged1 or some such limiting phrase4 ,note the following story of the arrest of two shop-girls and how skilfully the reporter avoids charging them with theft3 ,,charge ,,two ,,with ,,shoplifting ,edna ,k4 ,whitter and ,minnie ,jensen1 saleswomen in a ,new ,haven store1 are under arrest charged with shoplifting4 ,the former is said to have confessed after goods valued at more than #a1jjj were found in her room4 ,she is said to have implicated ,miss ,jensen1 who denies the charge4 ,desire to dress elaborately is alleged to have caused the young women to steal4 ,miss ,jensen is the daughter of a farmer4 ,investigations by detectives1 it is said1 may result in more arrests4444 ,whenever possible1 it is well to avoid it is said1 it is rumored4 ,a story reads more convincingly when the reporter's authority is given4 ,and the statement of the authority places the responsibility where it belongs4 #abe4 ,exaggeration4--,one word further about the ,eastland disaster and loss of public confidence resulting from exaggerated stories4 ,upon the news article itself there is a very definite effect of such exaggeration1--that mere extravagance of statement often defeats its own end4 ,it is of first importance in writing that one's statements command the confidence of the reader4 ,if a reporter writes that the wreck he has just visited was the greatest in the history of railroading1 or the bride the most beautiful ever joined in the bonds of holy wedlock before a hymeneal altar1 or the flames the most lurid that ever lit a midnight sky1 the reader merely snickers and turns to a story he can believe4 ,the value of understatement cannot be overestimated4 ,probably the majority of the people of the ,united ,states are suspicious anyway of the truth of what they read in the newspapers4 ,hence1 if one must sin on the side of accurate valuation of news1 let him err in favor of understatement rather than exaggeration4 ,then when he is forced by actual facts to resort to huge figures1 his readers will believe him4 ,such a policy1 consistently adhered to1 will always win favor for a paper and a reporter4 ,and that the best papers have learned this is proved by the fact that they no longer tolerate inaccuracy of statement or unverified information in their columns4 #abf4 ,editorializing4--,one other caution must be given in the cause of accuracy1 that of the necessity of presenting news from an unbiased standpoint1 of eliminating as far as possible the personal equation1--in other words1 of avoiding editorializing4 ,the news columns are the place for the colorless presentation of news4 ,no attempt is1 or should be1 made there to influence public opinion4 ,that function is reserved for the editorial columns1 and the reporter must be careful not to let his personal views color the articles he writes4 ,the following story was written for a small ,wisconsin paper by a rabid political reporter3 ,,thomas ,,morris ,,in ,,town ,thomas ,morris1 lieutenant governor of this state and candidate for the ,united ,states senate1 was in ,appleton this morning and spent the day in ,outagamie county shaking hands with those who would4 ,but few would shake4 ,he wanted to speak while here1 but the enlightened citizens of this city were right in not letting him4 ,peter ,tubits was his chief pilot through the county4 ,needless to say1 this story was not printed4 #abg4 ,newspaper ,policies4--,even though it may seem--and in a measure is--in contradiction to what has just been said about accuracy and editorializing1 it is nevertheless necessary before passing the subject to comment on the necessity of a reporter's observing a paper's editorial policies1--to say1 in other words1 that all news is not unbiased4 ,for instance1 if a newspaper is undertaking a crusade against midwives or pawnshops or certain political leaders1 it gives those institutions or those persons little or no credit for the good they accomplish1 nor does it feature impartially in its news articles their good and bad acts4 ,yet such institutions or persons must have accomplished much good to arrive at the rank or position they now hold1 and must continue to be of service to retain their standing4 ,the following story1 which appeared in a paper crusading against pawnshops and pistol carrying1 is an illustration of what is meant by biased news3 ,,jilted1 ,,ends ,,life ,,with ,a ,,gun ,israel ,weilman was in love4 ,three months ago the girl told him she would not marry him4 ,last night ,weilman left his quarters at #hge ,banker ,street and went to the home of ,rebecca ,schussman1 #ijd ,south ,pueblo ,avenue1 where his room-mate and cousin1 ,david ,isaacs1 was calling4 ,here are the keys to the room1 he told his cousin1 ,i will not be home to-night4 ,then ,weilman departed4 ,a few minutes later a shot was heard in the alley back of the ,schussman home4 ,they found ,weilman dead with a bullet wound through his heart4 ,beside him was a new ,american bulldog revolver1 retailing for #a4ej4 ,in his pocket was a ticket of sale from the ,angsgewitz pawnshop4 ,the profit on this style of weapon is about #be cents4 ,illustrations of prejudiced political news may be found daily in any newspaper4 #abh4 ,observing a ,paper's ,policies4--,it is necessary1 therefore1 to modify the preceding statements about unbiased news4 ,those assertions express the millennial dream1 colorless news1 that ,american journalism is always approaching as an ideal1 but has not yet reached4 ,from the same ,associated ,press dispatch a ,georgia and a ,pennsylvania daily can produce stories respectively of success and dissension in the ,democratic party4 ,from the same cable bulletin a ,milwaukee and a ,new ,york paper can obtain ,german victory and ,english repulse of repeated ,teutonic attacks4 ,not only can1 but do4 ,it is only fair to the would-be reporter1 therefore1 to tell him that at times in his journalistic career he may be permitted to see snow only through a motorist's yellow goggles4 ,the modern newspaper is a business organization run for the profit or power of the owners1 with the additional motive in the background of possible social uplift1--social uplift as the owners see it4 ,they determine a paper's policies1 and a reporter must learn and observe those policies if he expects to succeed4 #abi4 ,following ,commands4--,observance of this injunction is particularly valuable in stories relating to political and civic measures4 ,if one is on a paper with ,republican affiliations1 one may be forced to hear and report a ,g4 ,o4 ,p4 governor's speech with an elephant's ears and trumpet1--or with a moose's ears and voice if the journal is ,progressive4 ,it makes no difference what the reporter's personal feeling or party preferences may be4 ,on such papers he must follow precisely the commands of the managing editor or the city editor and must feature sympathetically or severely what they request4 ,usually an intelligent sympathy with the general policy of the paper is sufficient for a reporter1 no matter how conscientious4 ,it is only rarely that he is trammeled with being forced to write contrary to his convictions4 ,but at those times when such commands are given1 he must see and write as requested or seek another position4 #acj4 ,consistency of ,policy4--,on the other hand1 suppose in policies affecting the official standing of a newspaper every reporter saw and presented events from his own distorted angle4 ,how consistent would a modern newspaper be8 ,and how long could it hold the respect or patronage of its readers8 #aca4 ,clearness4--,next in importance to accuracy comes interest4 ,a story must be interesting to be read4 ,every paragraph must be clear4 ,its relation to every other paragraph must be evident1 and the story as a whole must be presented so that it may be understood and enjoyed by the reader with as small expenditure of mental effort as possible4 ,ideas that are connected in thought1 either by virtue of their sequence in time or for other reasons1 must be kept together1 and ideas that are separated in thought must be kept apart4 ,if the story is one covering considerable length of time1 care must be taken to keep the different incidents separated in point of time so that the reader may understand readily the relation of the different events to each other4 ,the tenses of the verbs1 too1 must be kept consistent1 logical4 ,one cannot shift at will from past time to the present1 and vice versa4 ,if the story is a follow-up of an event that occurred before to-day and has been written up before1 the body of the story should contain a sufficient summary of the preceding events to make the details readily clear to all readers1--even though the lead may already have included a connecting link4 ,the summary of events in the lead must necessarily have been brief2 the review in the body of the story may be presented at greater length4 #acb4 ,coherence4--,a valuable aid in gaining clearness is a proper regard for coherence1 for obtaining which there are four ways within a story3 7#a7 by arrangement of the facts and statements in a natural sequence of ideas2 7#b7 by use of pronouns2 7#c7 by repetition2 and 7#d7 by use of relation words1 phrases1 and clauses4 ,discussion has already been given1 in ,chapter ,,viii1 on the organization of material1 of the necessity of logical arrangement of the story4 ,if one has made a proper grouping there1 one will have taken the first step1 and the surest1 toward adequate coherence4 ,of the three remaining methods1 probably the greatest newspaper men are strongest in their use of pronouns1 such as these1 those1 that1 them1 etc4 ,they also avail themselves freely of a skillful repetition of words1--the third method1 which stands almost1 but not quite equal to the use of pronouns in effectiveness and frequency4 ,the following fire story exhibits a happy repetition of words for holding the ideas in easy sequence4 ,note in it the skillful repetition of firemen1 fire1 whiskey1 building1 casks1 canal4 #gej1jjj ,,worth ,,of ,,whiskey ,,burns ,firemen had to fight a canal full of blazing whiskey here to-day when a fire broke out in the building of the ,distillery ,company1 ,ltd4 ,twelve thousand casks of liquor were stored in the building4 ,the conflagration spread rapidly and the explosion of the casks released the whiskey1 which made a burning stream of the canal4 ,firemen pumped water from the bottom of the canal and played it on the blazing surface4 ,the loss is estimated at #gej1jjj4 #acc4 ,relation ,words4--,in other kinds of writing there is a tendency to use relation words1 phrases1 and clauses freely between sentences and paragraphs4 ,but in news writing the paucity of such expressions for subconnection--moreover1 finally1 on the other hand1 in the next place1 now that we have mentioned the cause of the divorce--is noteworthy4 ,editors and the news-reading public demand that the ideas follow each other so closely and that the style be so compressed in thought that there shall be small need of connectives between sentences4 ,it is this demand1 plus a desire for emphasis1 that is responsible for the so-called bing-bing-bing style of writing1 of which the following is a fair illustration3 ,after killing ,mrs4 ,benton1 ,wallace1 and the ,weston boy1 ,carlton set fire to the ,lewis love bungalow4 ,the wounded were unable to care for themselves4 ,they narrowly escaped death in the burning building4 ,arrival of rescuing parties attracted by the fire alone saved their lives4 ,a hatchet was the weapon used by ,carlton4 ,the slayer escaped after the wholesale murder4 ,he is thought to be headed for ,chicago4 ,a posse under command of ,sheriff ,bauer of ,spring ,green is hunting the man4 ,the story of the terrible tragedy enacted in the ,lewis love bungalow1 where for some years the celebrated sculptor and the former ,mrs4 ,cross had been living in open defiance of the conventionalities1 was a gruesome one as it came to light to-day4 ,carlton is twenty-eight years old4 ,he is married4 ,his wife lived with him at the ,lewis home4 ,he had been employed by ,lewis for six months4 ,he was formerly employed by ,john ,z4 ,hobart1 proprietor of ,hobart's restaurant4 ,he is five feet eight inches tall1 of medium build and light in color4 ,what caused the trouble or the fury of ,carlton is not known4 ,who first fell is not known4 ,what is known of the tragedy is this3 ,shortly after noon to-day villagers in the little village of ,spring ,valley1 where the ,lewis bungalow is and always has been something of a mystery as well as a wonder to the residents1 saw smoke coming from the love bungalow on the hills4 ,villagers ran to the place4 ,the fire department responded to the alarm4 ,the bungalow was rapidly being consumed4 ,some one entered the house4 ,it was a shambles4 ,mrs4 ,benton was found dead4 ,wallace was dead4 ,both had been literally chopped to pieces by the infuriated negro4 ,the bungalow was barricaded before entrance was forced4 ,after the dead had been discovered the wounded were found4 ,they were dragged out4 ,the conscious told disjointed stories of the tragedy and of the awful fury that seemed to possess ,carlton1 the cook4 ,the latter was not to be found4 ,he was at first thought to have taken to the hills4 ,later it was thought he might be hiding in the underground root cellar but no search lights were available4 ,men with guns surrounded the house4 ,the negro will be lynched if he is found1 it was thought this afternoon4#ag #ag ,chicago ,american4 #acd4 ,bing-,bing-,bing ,style4--,on the whole1 this bing-bing-bing style of writing cannot be commended4 ,its value in rapid narrative1 where excitement prevails and the reader's emotions are greatly aroused1 is evident4 ,but the style1 indulged in too freely1 produces a fitful1 choppy effect that is not good4 ,the sentences should be longer and more varied in construction4 ,examination of the preceding illustration shows that it has only three words or phrases used for subconnection1 and only four complex sentences4 #ace4 ,emphasis4--,next to clearness in holding the interest of the reader comes emphasis1 which may be had by avoidance of vague literary phrasing1 by a due regard for tone in the story1 and by condensation of expression4 ,the first two overlap1 since the whole tone of a story may easily be destroyed by an affectation of literary phraseology4 ,these two1 therefore1 may be considered together4 #acf4 ,vague ,literary ,phrasing4--,many cub reporters feel1 when they begin to write1 that they must express themselves in a literary style1 and to gain that style they affect sonorous1 grandiloquent phrases that sound well but mean little4 ,in nine cases out of ten these phrases are the inventions of others and meant much as used in their original connection4 ,but as adopted now by a novice1 they are vague1 only hazily expressive1 lacking in that sharp precision necessary for forceful presentation of news4 #acg4 ,tone4--,it is this vagueness of expression that as often as not destroys the tone of the story4 ,one may be aiming at portraying the dignity and simplicity of a wedding or the unmarred happiness of the occasion1 but if one attempts to equal the joy of the event with the bigness of his words1 one will produce upon the reader an effect of revulsion rather than interest4 ,an ignorant1 but well-meaning1 reporter on an ,eastern weekly concluded a wedding story with the following sentences3 ,after the union of ,miss ,petty and ,mr4 ,meydam in the holy bonds of wedlock1 the beautiful bride and handsome groom and all the knights and ladies present repaired to the dining-room1 where a bounteous supper interspersed with mirth and song awaited them4 ,after which they tripped the light fantastic toe until the wee small hours of the morning1 when all repaired to their beds of rest and wrapt themselves in the arms of ,morpheus4 ,this selection happens to be a conglomeration mainly of worn-out expressions current in literature for the past two or three centuries4 ,but any use of phrases too large or too emotional for the thought to be conveyed will result in an equally dismal failure4 ,all the words1 phrases1 and ideas in the following are the writer's own1 but the effect is practically the same as in the preceding story3 ,the scene and the occasion were both inspiring4 ,the music was furnished by the birds1 which were at their best on this bridal day4 ,a meadowlark called to his mate across the lake1 asking if he might come and join her4 ,a brown thrush in a tree on the hill near by sent forth across the water a carol full of love and melody such as a ,beethoven or a ,chopin would strive in vain to imitate4 ,the hills were dressed in their prettiest robes of green4 ,the water was quiet4 ,nature was at her best4 ,and the bride and groom1 both in tastiness of dress and in spirits1 were in harmony with nature4 ,the writer1 too1 in striving after a definite tone must be equally apprehensive of unintended suggestions caused by an unfortunate closeness of unrelated ideas4 ,this fault was illustrated in a story by an ,iowa reporter who wrote that ,lon ,stegle took ,mrs4 ,humphrey and a load of hogs to ,santo ,monday1 and of an unwitting ,pennsylvania humorist who said1 ,audry ,richardson1 while visiting his sweetheart in ,freedonia last ,sunday sprained his arm severely and won't be able to use it for ten days or two weeks4 ,if the tone of the story is meant to be dignified1 unintended humor may make the presentation absurd4 #ach4 ,varied ,sentence ,length4--,the story tone is greatly affected also by the length of the sentences4 ,if one's sentences are unnecessarily long1 the effect will be heavy and tiresome4 ,if they are markedly short1 the result will be a monotonous1 choppy1 jolting effect1 like a flat wheel on a street-car4 ,the bing-bing-bing style just discussed is an illustration of the latter4 ,the writer should aim at a happy medium1 with simple constructions and a tendency toward shorter sentences than in other kinds of writing4 ,twenty words make a good average sentence length4 ,it is necessary to remember that one's stories are read not only by the literati1 but by the uneducated as well4 ,one must make one's style1 therefore1 so fluent1 so easy1 that a man with a speaking vocabulary of five hundred words can read and enjoy all one writes4 #aci4 ,condensation4--,the value of condensation of expression need not be discussed at length here as it is taken up fully in the next chapter4 ,suffice it to say now1 however1 that a diffuse style is never forceful4 ,the reporter must condense his ideas into the smallest space possible4 ,often that space is designated by the city editor when the reporter1 on his return to the office1 asks for instructions1 and nearly always it is only about half enough4 ,but he must follow directions to the letter4 ,woe to the novice who presents a thousand words1 or even six hundred1 when the city editor calls for five hundred4 ,sometimes1 however1 he will find that the city editor has allotted him more space than he can easily fill4 ,in such a case1 let him give length by introducing additional details4 ,mere words will not suffice4 ,they do not make a story4 #adj4 ,final ,test of a ,story4--,the two cares for the reporter1 then1 in writing the body of the story are accuracy and interest4 ,accuracy is worth most1 and is attained by strict adherence to truth1 with plenty of proof for the truth in case it is questioned after publication4 ,interest may be had by making all statements clear1 coherent1 forceful4 ,but there is no precise form or method by which accuracy and interest may be obtained4 ,the reporter is given unlimited range in selecting1 organizing1 and writing his news4 ,he may follow or disregard at will the standard types of other newspaper men's stories1 which should be taken as models only1 never as laws4 ,for the final test of the goodness of a story is its effect upon the reader4 ,if it attains the desired result without conforming to the patterns given by other writers1 it will become a new pattern for itself and for similar stories4 ,get accuracy and interest1 then1 no matter what the method4 ,,xi4 ,,the ,,paragraph #ada4 ,paragraph a ,mark of ,punctuation4--,discussion of the paragraph really belongs under the head of punctuation1 since its purpose is to set off the larger divisions of the story in the same way that the period and the comma mark sentences and phrases4 ,the indention of the first line catches the eye of the reader and notifies him silently to stop for a summary of his impressions before starting a somewhat different phase of the story4 ,its purpose1 like that of the other marks of punctuation1 is clearness and emphasis4 ,yet since its very lax laws are much the same as those of the story1 it must be noticed independently4 #adb4 ,clearness4--,the first requirement of the paragraph is that it shall be clear4 ,its relation to the paragraphs preceding and following must be evident at a glance4 ,if transitional phrases and sentences or relation words are necessary for making the relation clear1 use them2 but as a rule1 as stated concerning the story as a whole1 reliance for clearness in and between paragraphs is placed mainly on the natural and close sequence of ideas4 #adc4 ,emphasis4--,next to clearness1 the important thing to strive for in the news paragraph is emphasis4 ,proper emphasis is not a virtue2 it is a necessity1 because the eye of the rapid reader1 as he glances down the columns of the paper1 catches only the first words and phrases at each paragraph indention4 ,and according as those words and phrases interest him1 so will he take sufficient interest in the paragraph as a whole to read it4 ,for this reason the beginning of each paragraph especially should be emphasized by placing there the most important details4 ,the reporter should guard against putting even dependent clauses and phrases used for subconnection at the beginning of a paragraph1 but should envelop them1 rather1 within the sentence4 ,he should not begin successive paragraphs with the same words or phrases or with the same construction4 ,it is remarkable how unfavorably such small details influence readers4 ,all this does not mean that the paragraph should end lamely4 ,it cannot conclude with the emphasis of the beginning1 it is true1 but it may be well rounded at the end and its lack of emphasis in details may be compensated with vigor and deftness of expression4 #add4 ,paragraph ,length4--,the length of one's paragraphs should also be a matter of due consideration4 ,they must be not only brief1 but brief looking4 ,the modern reader will not brook long ones4 ,single-sentence paragraphs are frequent1 particularly in the lead4 ,two- or three-sentence paragraphs are common4 ,half-column paragraphs are unendurable4 ,the average newspaper column permits lines of about seven words each1 so that twenty lines1 or #adj words1 should be the limit of a paragraph4 ,eight or ten lines is a good average length4 ,because of this necessary brevity1 the newspaper paragraph allows no topics and subtopics within its limited space1 but throws every subtopic into an individual paragraph4 ,this the reporter may follow as a safe rule in paragraphing3 whenever in doubt about the advisability of a new paragraph1 make one4 ,,xii4 ,,the ,,sentence#ah #ah ,teachers having classes sufficiently advanced may find it advisable to pass hastily over this chapter1 or may omit it entirely4 #ade4 ,requisites4--,the same laws of accuracy and interest hold for the sentence as for the story as a whole4 ,but in the sentence they are more rigid1--due in the main to the fact that the sentence is briefer and more readily analyzable4 ,and while one sympathizes with the overworked reporter who served notice upon critical college professors that when the hands of the clock are near on to press time1 and ,i have a million things to write in a few minutes1 ,i don't give a whoop if ,i do end a few sentences with prepositions1 and concluded by saying1 ,if ,i had as much time as the average college professor has1 ,i probably could write good grammar1 too2--while one sympathizes with the time-driven newspaper man who never has sufficient leisure to polish a story as he would like1 the fact still remains that the reader cannot tell from looking at a story1 nor should he be allowed to tell1 how much rushed the reporter was4 ,the only thing the reader is interested in is the story1 whether it is good or not2 and if he does not regard it as worth while1 if the sentences are faulty1 ungrammatical1 weak1 he will read another story or another paper4 #adf4 ,grammar4--,the first point to regard in seeking accuracy in the sentence is good grammar4 ,this may seem a trivial injunction to offer a coming star reporter on a great metropolitan daily2 but the city editor's assistants have to correct more grammatical errors in cub copy than any other kind of mistake except spelling and punctuation4 ,the main violations of grammar may be classified conveniently under four heads3 faulty reference1 incorrect verb forms1 failures in cordinating and subordinating different parts of a sentence1 and poor ellipsis4 #adg4 ,pronouns ,referring to ,ideas4--,probably the most prolific cause of bad grammar and of obscurity of meaning in news writing may be found in the use of unclear pronouns4 ,one or more instances may be found in almost every paper a reader examines4 ,a reporter should assure himself that every pronoun he uses refers to a particular word in the sentence and that it agrees with that word in gender and number4 ,the use of a pronoun to refer to a general idea not expressed in a particular word is one of the commonest causes of ambiguity and obscurity in newspaper work4 ,in the following sentence note what a ludicrous turn is given the sentence by the use of which referring to an idea3 ,a card from ,c4 ,a4 ,laird1 son of ,harry ,laird1 informs the ,democrat that his father is slightly improved and that they now have hopes of his recovery1 although he suffers much pain from his fractured jaw1 which will be good news to his many ,lock ,haven friends4 #adh4 ,agreement of ,pronouns in ,number4--,a second prime cause of incorrect reference is found in a writer's failure to make a reference word agree in number with the noun to which it refers4 ,such faulty reference occurs most frequently after collective nouns1 such as mob1 crowd1 council1 jury1 assembly2 after distributive pronouns1 such as everyone1 anybody1 nobody2 and after two or more singular and plural nouns1 where the reporter forgets momentarily to which he is referring4 ,in the following sentences note that each of the italicized pronouns violates one or more of these principles1 thereby polluting the clearness of the meaning3 ,the mob was already surrounding the attorney's home1 but they moved so slowly that we got in ahead4 ,we have heard more than one express themselves that next year ,merrillan should have the biggest celebration of the century4 ,everyone who had any interest in the boat was inquiring about their friends and relatives4 ,a peculiar thing about each one was that they chose a husband with a given name that rhymed much the same with their own4 ,mrs4 ,baker was ,josephine ,ramp and secured ,joe as her husband2 ,arnie ,hallauer and ,annie ,ramp1 ,gust ,lumblad and ,gusta ,ramp1 and ,eugene ,carver and ,ella ,ramp4 ,the latter is a widow4 ,the given name of each one commences with the same letter in each instance4 #adi4 ,ambiguous ,antecedents4--,then there is a use of the pronoun with an unclear antecedent buried somewhere in the sentence1 so that the pronoun seems to refer to an intervening word4 ,such a misuse really is a matter of clearness rather than of grammar1 and should come under the next section of this chapter1 but it will be discussed here for the sake of including all misuses of the pronoun at once4 ,the ambiguous use of pronouns is the most common error of faulty reference4 ,the following are typical illustrations3 ,the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,tomlinson states that he wants a steady1 religious young man to look after his garden and care for his cow who has a good voice and is accustomed to singing in the choir4 ,atkinson telephoned that he was at ,zeibski's corners in his machine and had his wife with him4 ,she had died on him and he wanted the garage company to come out and pull her in4 #aej4 ,split ,infinitive4--,next to faulty reference in frequency comes the use of incorrect verb forms4 ,of these probably the most common error among cub reporters is the employment of the split infinitive1--to quickly run instead of to run quickly4 ,the split infinitive is not necessarily an error4 ,there are times when one's precise meaning can be expressed only by the use of an adverb between to and its infinitive4 ,but as a rule one should avoid the construction4 ,certainly there was no excuse for the following in a ,chicago paper3 ,president ,yuan ,shi ,kai declared he was willing to permit ,professor ,frank ,johnson ,goodnow of ,brooklyn1 legal adviser to the ,chinese government1 to in ,august accept the presidency of ,johns ,hopkins ,university4 #aea4 ,infinitive and ,participle with ,verbs4--,the use of the infinitive and the participle with the past tense of verbs is also a cause of frequent error4 ,our ,english rule regarding these parts of the verb is mainly a matter of usage1 accuracy in which may be attained only by habits of correct speech4 ,but if the reporter will bear in mind that the infinitive and the participle have no finite tense of their own1 that they always express time relative to the time of the main verb1 he will have taken a real precaution toward preventing confusion4 ,for example1 the newspaper man who wrote1 ,detective ,mc,guire had intended to have arrested him when he began blowing the safe1 did not say what he meant1 because the past infinitive here makes the writer say that ,detective ,mc,guire had intended to have the yeggman already under arrest when he began blowing the safe4 ,what the writer meant to say was3 ,detective ,mc,guire had intended to arrest him when he began blowing the safe4 ,likewise the reporter was inaccurate who wrote3 ,going into the basement1 they found the cocaine stored beneath a heap of rags4 ,he was not accurate1 unless he meant that they found the cocaine while on the way to the basement4 ,the cause of his inaccuracy lies in the fact that the time expressed by the participle going varies from that of the main verb4 ,what he should have said was1 ,having gone into the basement1 444 or better1 ,after going into the basement1 they found the cocaine stored beneath a heap of rags4 #aeb4 ,dangling ,participles4--,another detail for careful attention in the use of the participle is the necessity of having a definite noun or pronoun in the sentence for the participle to modify4 ,it is wrong to write1 ,having arrived at the county jail1 the door was forced open1 because the sentence seems to say that the door did the arriving4 ,the sentence should be written1 ,having arrived at the county jail1 the mob forced open the door4 #aec4 ,agreement of ,verbs4--,one should watch one's verbs carefully1 too1 to see that they agree in number with their subjects4 ,one is sometimes tempted to make the verb agree with the predicate1 as in the following3 ,the weakest section of the course are the ninth1 tenth1 and eleventh holes4 ,but ,english usage requires agreement of the verb with the subject4 ,if the subject is a collective noun1 one may regard it as either singular or plural4 ,but when the writer has made his choice1 he must maintain a consistent point of view4 ,one may say1 ,the mob were now gathering in the northeast corner of the yard and yelling themselves hoarse1 or ,the mob was now gathering in the northeast corner of the yard and yelling itself hoarse4 ,but the two points of view may not be mixed in the same sentence or the same paragraph4 ,that the following sentence is wrong should be evident at a glance3 ,the ,kellog-,haines ,singing ,party has been on the lyceum and chautauqua platform for eight years and have toured together the entire ,united ,states4 ,confusion is often caused also by qualifying phrases intervening between subjects and their verbs4 ,thus3 ,the number of the strikers and of the members of the employment associations do not agree with the report made by the commission4 ,and sometimes one finds a plural verb wrongly used after the correlative terms either 444 or and neither 444 nor1 as in the following3 ,neither the mother of the children nor the aunt were held responsible for the accident4 ,finally1 one often finds reporters consistently using a singular verb after the expletive there4 ,in fifty per cent of the cases the writers are wrong4 ,thus3 ,the briefest glance at the yard and premises would have shown that there was more than one in the conspiracy4 ,here was should be were4 #aed4 ,cordination and ,subordination4--,the third error in grammatical construction1 failure to cordinate or subordinate sentences and parts of sentences properly1 cannot be treated with so much sureness as the two preceding faults2 yet certain definite instruction may be given4 ,and1 but1 for1 or1 and nor are called cordinating conjunctions2 that is1 they are used to connect words1 phrases1 and clauses of equal rank4 ,if one uses and to connect a noun with a verb1 or a past participle with a present participle1 or a verb in the indicative mood with one in the subjunctive1 he perverts the conjunction and produces a consequent effect of awkwardness or lack of clearness in the sentence4 ,look at the following3 ,the sister residing in ,albany1 and who is said to have struck one of the visiting sisters1 followed them into the sick room4 ,in this sentence and is used to connect the participle residing with the pronoun who1 and the consequent awkwardness results4 ,this is the much condemned and who construction4 ,likewise1 in the next sentence3 ,five hundred persons saw two boys washed from the end of ,winter's pier and drowning in twenty feet of water at noon to-day4 ,and is here used to connect the past participle washed with the present participle drowning1 and the sentence is thereby rendered clumsy4 #aee4 ,clauses ,unequal in ,thought4--,an equally great inaccuracy is the attempt to connect with a cordinate conjunction clauses equivalent in grammatical construction1 but unequal in thought value4 ,other things being equal1 the ideas of greatest value should be put into independent clauses1 the ideas of least value into dependent clauses or phrases4 ,other things being equal1 be it understood1 for by a too strict observance of this rule one may easily make the sentence ludicrous4 ,take the following as an illustration3 ,we were to raid the hall precisely at midnight1 and we set our watches to the second4 ,here the thought-value of the two clauses is not equal1 no matter how the writer may attempt to make it seem so by expressing the ideas in clauses grammatically equal4 ,the second clause contains the main idea2 so the first should be subservient4 ,thus3 ,as we were to raid the hall precisely at midnight1 we set our watches to the second4 ,in the corrected form the sentence is given greater force by having the reader's attention directed specifically to the thought of prime importance1 the setting of the watches4 ,and so with the following sentences4 ,note that the second in each case is made more forceful by centering the attention on what is most important in thought4 ,the saloons were not allowed after ,january #a to keep open on ,sunday1 and half of them gave up their licenses4 ,as the saloons were not allowed after ,january #a to keep open on ,sunday1 half of them gave up their licenses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,he fell from the sixth story and was able to walk away without assistance4 ,though he fell from the sixth story1 he was able to walk away without assistance4 #aef4 ,ellipsis4--,ellipsis is the omission of a word or phrase necessary to the meaning of a sentence4 ,an ellipsis is poor when the words omitted cannot readily be understood from the context4 ,pope's line1 ,to err is human2 to forgive1 divine4 is an illustration of good ellipsis because the word is can readily be substituted from the context4 ,the following ellipses1 however1 are not good3 ,louis ,flanagan is helping his brother ,silas cut wood and numerous other things4 ,he shadowed ,laux longer than ,o',rourke4 ,standing on each side of the door1 a fat and tall man looked suspiciously at them4 ,ellipsis is often desirable for the sake of brevity1 but one must be sure never to omit a word or phrase unless precisely that word or phrase may be readily supplied from the context4 #aeg4 ,clearness in the ,sentence4--,after correct grammar1 the next points to seek in writing the sentence are clearness and force1 which together give a sentence its interest4 ,of the two1 clearness is the more important4 ,a reporter should never write a sentence that must be read twice to be understood4 ,as has been said once or twice already1 but may be repeated for emphasis1 news stories to-day are read rapidly1 and rapid reading is possible only when sentences yield their ideas with small effort on the part of the reader4 ,consider the following3 ,the ,assembly on ,thursday refused to pass the ,grell ,bill1 permitting the sale of intoxicating liquors1 after the close of the polls on election days1 over the governor's veto4 ,this sentence is clear if one will stop to read it twice2 but there is the trouble3 one must read it twice--a task few will perform4 #aeh4 ,grammatically ,connected ,phrases4--,the lack of entire clearness in the sentence just quoted is due to a difficulty over which the best writers often stumble1--failure to keep grammatically connected words1 phrases1 and clauses as close together as possible4 ,in the sentence quoted1 for instance1 if the phrase over the governor's veto were placed immediately after pass1 the whole sentence would be clear at once to the reader4 ,the same fault exists in the following3 ,the witness said she had a furnished bedroom for a gentleman #bb feet long by #aa feet wide4 #aei4 ,correlative ,conjunctions4--,the correlative conjunctions1 either 444 or1 neither 444 nor1 whether 444 or1 and not only 444 but also1 are also particularly liable to trip a writer4 ,each should come immediately before the word or phrase it modifies4 ,for example3 ,either the prisoner will be hanged or sentenced to life imprisonment4 ,this sentence obviously is wrong4 ,either here should come immediately before hanged1 making the sentence read3 ,the prisoner will be either hanged or sentenced to life imprisonment4 #afj4 ,only and ,alone4--,only and alone belong in the same class of modifiers that demand close watching4 ,only comes immediately before the word or phrase it modifies1 alone immediately after4 ,one should avoid using only when alone may be used instead1 and should not place either of the two words between emphatic words or phrases4 ,the following illustrates an inaccurate placing of only3 ,the evidence seemed to show that a man could only obtain advancement in the ,hall by submitting wholly to the dictates of the leaders4 ,only here should come immediately before the phrase by submitting4 #afa4 ,parenthetic ,expressions4--,the use of long parenthetic expressions within a sentence is also a frequent cause of lack of clearness4 ,in general1 sentences within parentheses should be avoided in news articles4 ,two short terse sentences are clearer--hence far more effective--than one long one containing a doubtfully clear parenthetic phrase or clause4 ,the prime fault with the following sentence1 for instance1 is the inclusion of the two parenthetic clauses1 necessitating a close reading to get the meaning3 ,even if the allies shall be able to force the ,dardanelles1 and present indications are that they will1 the wheat crop in ,russia will not be up to the average from that country on account of the withdrawal of so many millions of men for purely military purposes1 either in the fields of battle or in the factories getting munitions of war ready4 ,put into two sentences1 the illustration becomes3 ,even if the allies shall be able to fulfil their present expectations of forcing the ,dardanelles1 the ,russian wheat will not be up to the average4 ,too many millions of men have been withdrawn from the field to the trenches and the munition factories to enable the country to produce a full crop4 #afb4 ,shifted ,subject4--,a shifted subject within a sentence is also usually a hindrance to clearness4 ,indeed1 one can aid clearness in successive sentences by retaining as far as possible the same subject4 ,certainly one should not shift subjects within the sentence without good reason4 ,the two following sentences exhibit the weakness of the shifted subject3 ,the ,british ambassador to ,norway has offered #be1jjj reward for his capture1 and he bears a special passport from the ,kaiser4 ,witter was standing near the curb1 but the death-car passed without his seeing it4 ,improved1 these sentences become3 ,the ,british ambassador to ,norway has offered #be1jjj reward for the capture of ,benson1 who bears a special passport from the ,kaiser4 ,witter was standing near the curb1 but failed to see the death-car pass4 #afc4 ,coherence4--,clearness frequently is destroyed or greatly lessened through lack of proper coherence4 ,writers often forget that every sentence has a double purpose3 to convey a meaning itself and to make clearer the meaning of preceding and succeeding sentences4 ,the reporter should watch closely to see not only that the phrases of his sentences follow each other in natural sequence1 but also that the relation of those phrases to adjacent ones in the same or other sentences is clearly shown4 ,here is a notice made ludicrous because the reporter used a connective indicating a wrong relation between two clauses3 ,mrs4 ,alpheus ,white is on the sick list this week4 ,dr4 ,anderson has been with her1 but we hope she may soon recover4 ,the connective that the writer should have used1 of course1 was and1 or else none at all4 ,substitute the and or merely omit the but and the coherence is perfect4 #afd4 ,coherence and ,unity4--,many sentences that appear to lack unity are really wanting in proper coherence4 ,for instance1 ,dr4 ,alvers was called as soon as the accident was discovered1 and it is feared now she will not recover1 is a sentence lacking in unity1 but one that may be unified properly if the coherence is made good4 ,thus3 ,dr4 ,alvers was called as soon as the accident was discovered1 and though he gave all the aid that medical science could render1 it is feared now she will not recover4 #afe4 ,sentence ,emphasis4--,sentence emphasis is gained in five ways3 by form1 position1 proportion1 repetition1 and delicacy of expression4 ,sentence form--putting into an independent clause what is most important--has already been discussed under clearness4 ,the use of position for emphasis is the placing at the beginning or end of the sentence the ideas that are most important and the enclosure within of the less important thoughts4 ,the following sentence illustrates a writer's failure to avail himself of position for emphasis3 ,this afternoon reports that she was still missing from home were being circulated4 ,but this afternoon and circulated are not the important concepts4 ,reports and still missing from home are the emphatic ideas and should be put first and last respectively4 ,thus3 ,reports were being circulated this afternoon that she was still missing from home4 ,so with the following3 ,this morning fifty convicts of the ,kansas ,state penitentiary were placed in solitary confinement1 accused of being leaders in a mutiny yesterday in the coal mines operated by the penitentiary4 ,this morning and mines operated by the penitentiary are not1 however1 the important ideas4 ,a better arrangement of the sentence reads3 ,accused of being leaders in a mutiny yesterday in the penitentiary coal mines1 fifty convicts of the ,kansas ,state penitentiary were placed this morning in solitary confinement4 ,similarly1 a phrase or clause transferred from its normal position in the sentence will attract attention to itself4 ,note the increased emphasis upon the matter was purely political in the following sentence by transference of it from its normal position at the end3 ,simpson1 who was in the uniform of a lieutenant when arrested at ,new ,orleans1 said the matter was purely political4 ,that the matter was purely political was the statement made by ,simpson1 who was in the uniform of a lieutenant when arrested at ,new ,orleans4 #aff4 ,proportion for ,emphasis4--,the emphasis of a sentence in a news story varies in inverse proportion to its length4 ,emphasis is gained by brevity4 ,a prolix style tires the reader2 and newspaper space is valuable4 ,the reporter1 therefore1 must make his sentences short and pointed4 ,he must condense1 must reduce predication to a minimum4 ,as few verbs as possible and all verbs active is a slogan in the news room4 ,it is an error from a newspaper standpoint to include in a sentence any word that may be omitted without altering or obscuring the sense4 ,one of the first requisites for success in journalism is ability to present facts with a minimum of words4 ,note the added emphasis given the following sentences by mere reduction in the number of words3 ,it is well to understand that a high temperature of heat1 boiling or more1 destroys the germs of disease4 ,it is well understood that a high temperature1 boiling or more1 destroys germs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a pioneer living west of ,solon blew his head off to-day with a shotgun4 ,death followed the deed instantly4 ,a pioneer living west of ,solon killed himself instantly to-day by blowing his head off with a shotgun4 99 99 99 99 99 ,miss ,helen ,goodrich1 who is an aviatrix of note1 was arrested in ,bremen this morning charged with kidnapping4 ,miss ,helen ,goodrich1 an aviatrix of note1 was arrested in ,bremen this morning charged with kidnapping4 ,note that in the last illustration1 in particular1 the condensation consists in reducing predication1 in merely removing a verb and a pronoun from the sentence4 #afg4 ,repetition4--,the worth of repetition as a means of obtaining coherence has been discussed in a preceding chapter4 ,its value as an effective means of gaining emphasis is also noteworthy4 ,consider the effect of the repetition of the word blithe in the following two sentences3 ,a blithe young man met a blithe young woman at ,state and ,adams ,streets ,friday4 ,michael ,hurley1 a blithe plain-clothes policeman1 met them both4 ,great care must be exercised1 however1 in repeating a word for emphasis4 ,the usage may easily be a handicap rather than a help4 ,more often than not1 repetition of the same word or phrase is the result of laziness or paucity of vocabulary1 and destroys the force of the sentence4 ,an instance of too frequent use of the same word--the adjective beautiful--appears in the following3 ,the bride was elaborately gowned in a beautiful sky-blue messaline dress1 with silk over lace1 and carried a beautiful bouquet of gladiolis1 besides having a beautiful bouquet of flowers at the waist4 ,the groom wore the usual blue worsted suit1 with a beautiful buttonhole bouquet1 while the bridesmaid was beautifully gowned in a white ,french serge trimmed with a light blue silk girdle and a blue silk tango cord at the throat1 and also had a beautiful bouquet at the waist4 ,the best man wore a rich dark gray suit and also had a beautiful buttonhole bouquet4 ,the room was beautifully decorated with green foliage and roses1 formed into a beautiful arch1 under which the couple stood during the ceremony1 which was performed by ,rev4 ,wells of this city4 #afh4 ,delicacy of ,expression4--,delicacy of expression is that quality in news writing which distinguishes the star reporter from the cub4 ,it may be learned1 but never taught4 ,it is this elusive element in writing and the inability of instructors to impart it that make many journalists say news writing cannot be taught4 ,delicacy of expression is not effeminacy4 ,it is originality2 it is cleverness2 it is nimbleness of wit and beauty of phrase2 it is grace2 it is simplicity2 it is restraint2 it is tact4 ,it is all these1 and more4 ,it is that intuition in a star man which forbids his beginning the same kind of story day after day with a fixed1 hackneyed type of sentence1 which makes him avoid triteness of expression4 ,it is that something in him which compels him to avoid affectation1 to love beauty and grace1 born of simplicity1 unadornedness4 ,it is that inborn sense of good taste that restrains the writer from indelicate1 personal allusions so offensive to men and women of refinement4 ,all this and more is delicacy of expression1 and blest is the journalist who has it4 ,the reporter who wrote the following had not yet learned the art3 ,,the ,,havens-,,merrill ,,wedding ,at #g3cj the sounds of the wedding march scintillated through the ,havens house like tired waves laving the shores of a mighty lake4 ,seldom if ever has such a scene been witnessed in this place4 ,the smell of spring flowers was everywhere coming to all nostrils4 ,presently there was a slight disturbance at the right hand entrance1 and then the bride entered on the arm of her father1 ,william ,havens1 the well-known merchant4 ,simultaneous at the opposite door was another disturbance1 and the bridegroom entered attended by ,henry ,merrill of ,des ,moines4 ,then the two parties proceeded down the middle aisles1 meeting under a beautiful marriage bell where the two hearts were beautifully made as one1 which was followed by congratulations all along the aisles4 ,,mr4 ,,craig ,,weds ,,miss ,,schell ,mr4 ,joe ,craig and ,miss ,cora ,schell1 both of ,mena1 were quietly married at the ,hotel ,main1 ,durant1 ,okla41 ,monday1 and are boarding at this hotel4 ,mr4 ,craig is well known as a skilful bricklayer1 honest and industrious4 ,the bride is well known in this city and proved her worth by the years she served the ,lochridge ,dry ,goods ,company as cashier4 ,she is a member of the ,woodmen ,circle and carries a large insurance4 ,we regret that she must leave1 but like ,rebekah of old1 she leaves home1 family1 and friends to travel the journey of life with her ,isaac 7,joe7 in a distant land4 ,we feel that the expression of all her friends is that the best this world affords will be theirs to the end of their journey and that a new life awaits them in another and higher sphere4 #afi4 ,essentials of the ,sentence4--,if a reporter can write grammatically correct sentences1--if he can cordinate and subordinate accurately the different parts2 if he can give all the pronouns definite antecedents2 if he can keep his verbs consistent1 having them agree in person and number with their subjects2 if he can make effective use of ellipsis1--his sentences will possess the first essentials of a good sentence1--accuracy4 ,if he can make his sentences clear and forceful1--if he can keep grammatically connected words1 phrases1 and clauses close together2 if he can eliminate lengthy parenthetic expressions2 if he can avoid unnecessary shifts of subjects within sentences2 if he can make readily clear the relation of every phrase in a sentence to every other phrase in it and adjoining sentences2 if he can put important ideas at the beginning and the end of the sentence2 if he can make his sentences short and concise2 if he can acquire delicacy of expression1--his sentences will possess the second requisite of a good sentence1--interest4 ,accuracy and interest1 these are the elements that make a sentence good4 ,and the greater of these is accuracy4 ,,xiii4 ,,words #agj4 ,accuracy and ,interest4--,for words1 as for sentences and stories1 the same law holds1--accuracy and interest4 ,if one's words are accurate and stimulate interest in the reader1 they are good4 #aga4 ,accuracy4--,accuracy comes first4 ,it is necessary always to write with a nice regard for exact shades of meaning4 ,as ,flaubert declared1 ,whatever one wishes to say1 there is only one noun to express it1 only one verb to give it life1 only one adjective to qualify it4 ,search then till that noun1 that verb1 that adjective is discovered4 ,never be content with very nearly2 never have recourse to tricks1 however happy1 or to buffoonery of language to avoid a difficulty4 ,this is the way to become original4 ,an accurate writer avoids looseness of thinking and inexactness of expression as he avoids libel4 ,the adjective lurid is an illustration of a word over which careless reporters have stumbled for generations4 ,when the casualties of the war against inaccuracy are recorded1 lurid will be among the missing4 ,as used by ignorant scribblers1 the word means something like bright or brilliant1 or perhaps towering2 yet its precise meaning is pale yellow1 wan1 ghastly4 ,journalists of the last quarter of the nineteenth century will remember a long list of such sins against precision1 recorded by ,charles ,a4 ,dana1 editor of the ,new ,york ,sun4 ,a few additions have been made to his list1 and the whole is given below4 ,the reader should distinguish keenly between each pair of words and should be careful never to misuse one of them4 ,do not use3 above or over for more than administered for dealt affect for effect aggravate for irritate allude for refer and for to audience for spectators avocation for vocation awfully for very or exceedingly balance for remainder banquet for dinner beside for besides call attention for direct attention can for may claim for assert conscious for aware couple for two date back to for date from deceased for died dock for pier or wharf dove for dived emigrate for immigrate endorse for approve exposition for exhibition farther for further favor for resemble groom for bridegroom happen for occur hung for hanged infinite for great1 vast in our midst for among us in spite of for despite last for latest less for fewer like for as if materially for largely notice for observe murderous for dangerous onto for on or upon partially for partly pants for trousers past two years for last two years perform for play posted for informed practically for virtually prior to for before propose for purpose proven for proved raise for rear quite for very section for region spend for pass standpoint for point of view suicide as a verb suspicion for suspect sustain for receive transpire for occur universal for general vest for waistcoat vicinity for neighborhood viewpoint for point of view witness for see would seem for seems #agb4 ,clearness4--,to secure interest1 a word must be clear and forceful4 ,it should not be technical or big1 but simple4 ,the biggest words in the average newspapers are the handiwork and pride of the cub reporters4 ,yet clearness1 force1 brevity all demand little words1--simplicity4 ,and the simplest words are those of everyday speech1--,anglo-,saxon words generally1--such as home rather than residence1 begin rather than commence1 coffin rather than casket4 ,the reporter who uses ornate1 technical1 or little-known words does so at his own peril and to the injury of his story2 for the average newspaper reader1 without the benefits of a college education and having a limited vocabulary of one to two thousand words1 does not know and has no time to look up the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases4 ,this is why many city editors prefer to employ high-school students and break them in as cubs rather than take college graduates who1 proud of their education and vocabularies1 attempt to display their learning in every story they write4 ,simple1 familiar1 everyday words1 those that every reader knows1 are always the most forceful and clear1 and hence the most fitting4 ,the following is a list of words which young writers are most commonly tempted to use3 accord for give aggregate for total appertains for pertains apprehend for arrest calculate for think1 expect canine for dog casket for coffin commence for begin conflagration for fire construction for building contribute for give cortge for procession destroyed by fire for burned donate for give elicit for draw hymeneal altar for chancel inaugurate for begin individual for person obsequies for funeral participate for take part per diem for a day perform for play purchase for buy recuperate for recover remains for body1 corpse render for sing reside for live retire for go to bed rodent for rat subsequently for later tonsorial artist for barber via for by way of #agc4 ,force4--,force demands that one's words be emphatic4 ,unfortunately a reporter cannot have readers always eager to read what he writes4 ,if he had1 his readers would be satisfied with having his words merely accurate and clear4 ,instead1 they demand that their attention be attracted1 compelled4 ,the words must be fitting1 apt1 fresh1 unhackneyed1 specific rather than general4 ,the spectators gathered in the field must not be a vast concourse1 but ten thousand persons4 ,nor must it be about ten thousand4 ,the about should be omitted4 ,a specific ten thousand persons present is much more effective and1 being a round number1 is a sufficient indication that no actual count has been made4 ,in all cases where there is a choice between a specific and a general term1 the specific one should be used4 #agd4 ,trite ,phrases4--,interest requires one also to seek originality of expression1 to avoid trite phrases and hackneyed words4 ,embalmed meats and kyanized sentences are never good4 ,yet one of the most difficult acquirements in reporting is the ability to find day after day a new way to tell of some obscure person dying of pneumonia or heart disease4 ,only reporters who have fought and overcome the arctic drowsiness of trite phraseology know the difficulty of fighting on day after day1 seeking a new1 a different way to tell the same old story of suicide or marriage or theft or drowning4 ,yet one is no longer permitted to say that the bridegroom wore the conventional black1 or the bride was elegantly gowned1 or the bride's mother presided at the punch bowl1 or the assembled guests tripped the light fantastic4 ,the reporter must find new words for everything and must tell all with the same zest and the same sparkling freshness of expression with which he wrote on his first day in the news office4 #age4 ,figures of ,speech4--,in his search for freshness1 variety of expression1 the reporter often may avail himself of figures of speech4 ,these add suggestiveness to writing and increase its meaning by interpretation in a figurative rather than a literal sense4 ,to say1 ,oldfield flew round the bowl like a ruined soul on the rim of ,hades1 is more effective than ,oldfield ran his car round the course at a #aaj-mile rate of speed4 ,but the writer must be careful not to mix his figures1 or he may easily make himself ridiculous4 ,an apt illustration of such mixing of figures is the following3 ,it seemed as if the governor were hurling his glove into the teeth of the advancing wave that was sounding the clarion call of equal suffrage4 ,in particular1 one must not personify names of ships1 cities1 states1 and countries4 ,note1 for example1 the incongruity in the following3 ,especially does the man of discriminating taste appreciate her when he compares her with the ordinary tubs sailing the ,great ,lakes4 #agf4 ,elegance4--,force also requires that one heed what may sometimes seem trivialities of good usage4 ,for instance1 a minister may not be referred to as ,rev4 ,anderson1 but as the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,anderson4 ,coinage of titles1 too1 is not permitted3 as ,railway ,inspector ,brown for ,john ,brown1 a railway inspector4 ,and the overused editorial we has now passed entirely from the news article4 ,in an unsigned story1 even the pronoun ,i should not be used1 nor such circumlocutions as the writer1 the reporter1 or the correspondent4 ,in a signed story1 however1 the pronoun ,i is used somewhat freely1 while such stilted phrases as the scribe1 your humble servant1 etc41 are absolutely taboo4 #agg4 ,slang4--,finally1 mention must be made of slang1 the uncouth relative in every respectable household4 ,it is used freely on the sporting page1 but is barred from other columns1 its debarment being due to its lack of elegance and clearness4 ,on the sporting page slang has been accepted because there one is writing to a narrow circle of masculine ,goths who understand the patois of the gridiron1 the diamond1 and the padded ropes and prefer it to the language of civilization4 ,but such diction is always limited in its range of acquaintances and followers4 ,a current bit of slang in ,memphis may be unintelligible in ,pittsburg4 ,a colloquial ephemeralism in a city may be undecipherable in the country districts twenty-five miles away4 ,a large percentage of the athletic jargon of the sporting club and field is enigmatical to the uninitiated4 ,and since a newspaper man writes for the world at large rather than for any specific class or group1 he cannot afford to take chances on muddying his sentences by the use of slang4 ,the best test of a good journalist is the instinct for writing for heterogeneous masses of people4 ,that word is not a good one which is clear only to select readers1 whether select in ignorance or select in intelligence4 ,the news story permits no such selection4 ,it is written1 not for the few1 not for the many as distinct from the few1 but for all4 ,no other kind of reading matter is so cosmopolitan in its freedom from class or provincial limitations as is the news story1 and none is more unwavering in its elimination of slang4 ,newly coined words1 it is true1 are admitted more readily into news stories than into magazine articles1 but slang itself is barred4 ,one may not write of the glad rags of the debutante1 or the bagging of the criminal1 or the swiping of the messenger boy's bike4 ,one may not even employ such colloquialisms as enthuse1 swell 7delightful71 bunch 7group74 ,but one may use such new coinages as burglarize1 home-run1 and diner rather freely4 ,when in doubt about the reputability of a word1 however1 one should consult a standard dictionary1 which should be kept continually on one's desk4 ,,part ,,iii ,,types ,,of ,,stories ,,types ,,of ,,stories ,,xiv4 ,,interviews1 ,,speeches1 ,,courts #agh4 ,four ,types of ,stories4--,to the casual newspaper reader the various patterns of stories seem all but limitless4 ,to the experienced newspaper man1 however1 they reduce themselves to seven or eight1 and even this number may be further limited4 ,the popular impression comes from the fact that the average reader places an automobile collision and a fire under different heads4 ,yet for the newspaper's purposes both may be classed under the head of accidents4 ,for the sake of convenience in this study1 therefore1 we may group under four heads all the news stories that a beginner need be acquainted with in the first year or so of his work3 interviews2 accidents1 society1 and sports1 to which may be added for separate treatment1 rewrites1 feature stories1 and correspondence stories4 #agi4 ,the ,interview ,type4--,in the present chapter will be discussed the interview type of story1 in which are included not only personal interviews1 but speeches1 sermons1 toasts1 courts1 trials1 meetings1 conventions1 banquets1 official reports1 and stories about current magazine articles and books4 ,these are all grouped under one head because they derive their interest to the public from the fact that in them men and women present their opinions concerning topics of current interest1 and that for newspaper purposes the method of handling interviews is much the same as for the other ten4 #ahj4 ,lead to an ,interview4--,the lead to a news story of a personal interview may feature any one of the following3 7#a7 the name of the person interviewed1 7#b7 a direct statement from him1 7#c7 an indirect statement1 7#d7 the general topic of the interview1 7#e7 the occasion1 or even 7#f7 the time4 ,probably it is the name of the man or a direct statement that is played up most often4 ,if the former is featured1 the lead should begin with the speaker's name and should locate the conversation in time and place4 ,such a lead may well include also either a direct or an indirect statement1 or a general summary of the interview4 ,thus3 ,professor ,george ,trumbull ,ladd of ,yale1 in an interview for ,the ,herald to-day1 declared there never had been a time in the history of the world when there was a greater need for the enforcement of international law1 nor one when international law was so much in the making as at present4 ,if a significant statement is of most importance in the interview1 the lead should begin with the statement1 directly or indirectly expressed1 and continue with the speaker's name1 the time1 place1 and occasion of the interview4 ,thus3 ,what has happened in ,mexico is an appalling international crime1 declared ,theodore ,roosevelt last evening at his home on ,sagamore ,hill1 ,oyster ,bay1 ,l4,i4 ,he had been out all the afternoon in the woods chopping wood1 and was sitting well back from the great log fire in the big hall filled with trophies of his hunting trips1 as he talked of the recent massacre of ,american mining men in ,chihuahua4 ,the most damnable act ever passed by ,congress or conceived by a congressman1 was the way in which ,william ,j4 ,conners of ,buffalo to-day characterized the ,la ,follette seamen's law4 ,mr4 ,conners is in ,new ,york on business connected with the ,magnus ,beck ,brewing ,company1 of which he is president4 #aha4 ,statements of ,local ,interest4--,almost always it is well1 if possible1 to lead the person interviewed to an expression of his opinion about a topic of local interest1 then feature that statement1--particularly if the statement agrees with a declared policy of the paper4 ,usually a problem of civic1 state1 or national interest may be broached most easily4 ,if the city is interested in commission government or prohibition1 if the state is fighting the short ballot or the income tax question1 the visitor may be asked for his opinion4 ,if the guest happens to be a national or international personage and the nation is solving the problem of preparedness1 or universal military service1 or the tariff question1 he may be questioned on those subjects and his opinions featured prominently in the lead4 ,note the following lead to an interview published by a paper opposing the policies of ,president ,wilson3 ,declaring that the national administration's foreign policy has made him almost ashamed of being an ,american citizen1 ,henry ,b4 ,joy1 of ,detroit1 ,mich41 president of the ,packard ,motor ,company1 a governor of the ,aero ,club of ,america and vice president of the ,navy ,league1 said yesterday that our heritage of national honor from the days of ,washington1 ,lincoln1 and ,mc,kinley is slipping through our fingers4 #ahb4 ,inquiring about the ,feature4--,often the feature to be developed in an interview lead may be had by asking the one interviewed if he has anything he would like brought out or developed4 ,when the interview has been granted freely1 such a question is no more than a courtesy due the prominent man4 ,but only under extraordinary circumstances should a reporter agree to submit his copy for criticism before publication4 ,many a good story has had all the piquancy taken out of it by giving the one interviewed an opportunity to change his mind or to see in cold print just what he said1--a fact that accounts for so many repudiated interviews4 ,in nine cases out of ten the newspaper man has reported the distinguished visitor exactly1 but the write-up looks different from what the speaker expected4 ,then he denies the whole thing1 and the reporter is made the scapegoat1 because the man quoted is a public personage and the reporter is not4 #ahc4 ,fairness in the ,interview4--,the first aim of the interviewer1 however1 must always be fairness1 accuracy1 and absence of personal bias4 ,no other journalistic tool can be so greatly abused or made so unfair a weapon as the interview4 ,one should make no attempt to color a man's opinions as expressed in an interview1 no matter how much one may disagree1 nor should one editorialize on those ideas4 ,if the paper cares to discuss their truth or saneness1 it will entrust that matter to the editorial writers4 ,this caution does not mean that a writer may not break into the paragraphs of quotation to explain the speaker's meaning or to elaborate upon a possible effect of his position4 ,such interruptions are regularly made and are entirely legitimate1 and it will be noted in the ,bryan story on page #aca that most of that article consists of such explanation and elaboration4 ,if1 however1 the reporter feels that the utterances of the speaker are such that they should not go unchallenged1 he should obtain and quote a reply from a local man of prominence4 #ahd4 ,coherence and ,proportion4--,next to accuracy there should be kept in view the intent to make the sequence and proportion of the ideas logical1 no matter in what order or at what length they may have been given by the one interviewed4 ,often in conversation a man will give more time to an idea than is its due1 and often the most important part of an interview will not be introduced until the last4 ,or1 again1 a person may drift away from the immediate topic and not return to it for some minutes4 ,in all such cases it is the duty of the reporter to regroup and develop the ideas so that they shall follow each other logically in the printed interview and shall present the thought and the real spirit of what the man wanted to say4 #ahe4 ,identifying the ,one ,interviewed4--,probably the most used and the easiest method of gaining coherence between the lead and the body of the interview is by a paragraph of explanation regarding the person1 and how he came to give the interview4 ,it is remarkable how many readers do not remember or have never heard the name of the governor of ,new ,york or the senior senator from ,california or the ,secretary of the ,navy1 and it is therefore necessary to make entirely clear the position or rank of the person and his right to be heard and believed4 ,in the following story1 note how the writer dwells on the rank of the ,oxford ,university professor as a lecturer and so inspires the reader with confidence in his statements3 ,,modern ,,dress ,,called ,a ,,joke ,look at our modern dress4 ,both men's and women's costumes are1 on the whole1 as bad as they can be4 ,prof4 ,i4 ,b4 ,stoughton ,holborn of ,oxford ,university is in ,chicago to deliver a series of lectures on art for the ,university of ,chicago ,lecture ,association4 ,in an interview ,saturday afternoon he vigorously ridiculed modern dress4 ,prof4 ,holborn is perhaps the most widely known of the ,oxford and ,cambridge university extension lecturers and has the reputation of being one of the most successful art lecturers in the world4 ,he is the hero of an adventure on the sinking ,lusitania4 ,he saved ,avis ,dolphin1 a #ab-year-old child who was being sent to ,england to be educated4 ,the two women in whose charge ,mrs4 ,dolphin had sent her daughters were lost1 and ,prof4 ,holborn has adopted the child4444 #ahf4 ,handling ,conversation4--,it should not be necessary to caution a newspaper man against attempting to report all a man says4 ,condense as often as possible is the interviewer's watchword1--cut to the bone1 as the reporters express it4 ,much of what a man says in conversation is prolix4 ,in that part of the interview that is dull or wordy1 give the pith of what is said in one or two brief sentences1 then fall into direct quotation again when his words become interesting4 ,as a rule1 however1 it is well as far as possible to quote his exact language all through the interview1 since the interest of an interview frequently rests not only in what a man says1 but in the way he says it4 ,this does not mean a cut-and-dried story consisting of a series of questions and answers1 but a succession of sparkling1 personal paragraphs containing the direct statements of the speaker4 #ahg4 ,mannerisms4--,the report may be livened up greatly with bits of description portraying the speaker and his surroundings1 particularly when they harmonize or contrast with his character or the ideas expressed4 ,an excellent device for presenting the spirit of an interview--giving an atmosphere1 as it were--is to interpolate at intervals in the story personal eccentricities or little mannerisms of speech of the one interviewed4 ,mention of pet phrases1 characteristic gestures1 sudden display of anger1 unexplainable reticence in answering questions1 etc41 will sometimes be more effective than columns of what the speaker actually said4 ,indeed1 it is often of as much importance to pay as close attention to incidentals as to the remarks of the one talking4 #ahh4 ,persons ,refusing to ,talk4--,in nine cases out of ten it is the reporter's duty both to keep himself out of the story and to suppress the questions by which the man interviewed has been induced to talk4 ,but when he has failed entirely in gaining admission to one he wishes to interview1 or1 having gained admission1 has not succeeded in making him talk1 the would-be interviewer may still present a good story by narrating his foiled efforts or by quoting the questions which the great man refused to answer4 ,one of the most brilliant examples that the present writer has seen of the foiled interview was one by ,mr4 ,john ,edwin ,nevin the day before ,mr4 ,william ,jennings ,bryan surrendered his portfolio as ,secretary of ,state in ,president ,wilson's cabinet4 ,the nation was at white heat over the contents of the prospective note to ,germany and the possibility of the ,united ,states being drawn into the war4 ,not a word of what the note contained had leaked from any source and there had been no hint of a break in the ,wilson cabinet4 ,supposedly1 all was harmony4 ,yet this correspondent1 judging from the excited manner of the ,secretary of ,state1 the sharpness of his noncommittal replies1 and his preoccupied air as he emerged from the cabinet room1 scented the trouble and published the following story hours before other correspondents had their eyes opened to the history-making events occurring about them3 ,,bryan ,,balks ,,at ,,german ,,note ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 ,june #h4--,president ,wilson at #a3ae this afternoon announced1 through ,secretary ,tumulty1 that at the cabinet meeting to-day the note to ,germany was gone over and discussed and put in final shape1 and it is hoped that it will go to-morrow1 but ,secretary of ,state ,bryan is determined to fight for a modification right up to the minute that the note is cabled to ,berlin4 ,bryan believes the ,united ,states is on record for arbitration and that it would be a mockery to send ,germany a document which1 he considers1 savors of an ultimatum4 ,although the majority of the cabinet was against him to-day1 he carried his persuasive powers from the cabinet meeting to the ,university ,club1 where he and his fellow members had lunch4 ,bryan's attitude came as a complete surprise to the ,president4 ,in previous notes ,mr4 ,bryan took the position that the ,united ,states should invite arbitration4 ,he called attention to the fact that this country is on record as unalterably opposed to war and pledged to every honorable means to prevent it4 ,but in every instance he has stopped short of any further fight when the note has been approved by the majority of the cabinet4 ,and the ,president expected that he would do this to-day4 ,in fact1 before the cabinet meeting it was stated that the note would have the approval of all members of the cabinet4 ,the first intimation that anything was wrong came when the ,secretary did not show up at the executive offices with the other cabinet members4 ,his absence was not at first commented upon because ,count von ,bernstorff1 the ,german ambassador1 was at the state department4 ,however1 it was soon ascertained that the ambassador was conferring with ,counselor ,lansing4 ,then it was rumored that ,secretary ,bryan had sent word to ,president ,wilson that he would not stand for the note as framed4 ,inquiry at the ,white ,house revealed the fact that ,secretary ,bryan had sent word that he would be in his office1 working on an important paper1 and would be late4 ,at the state department1 ,eddie ,savoy1 the ,secretary's colored messenger1 refused to take any cards in to ,bryan4 ,he said he did not know whether his chief actually intended attending the meeting4 ,he is very busy1 and ,i cannot disturb him1 ,eddie stated4 ,at the ,white ,house a distinct air of tension was manifested4 ,all inquiries as to what ,secretary ,bryan was going to do were ignored4 ,finally1 about #ab o'clock1 ,secretary ,bryan left his office and came across the street4 ,his face was flushed and his features hard set4 ,he responded to inquiries addressed to him with negative shakes of the head4 ,he swung into the cabinet room with the set stride with which he mounted the steps of the ,baltimore platform to deliver his famous speech attacking ,charles ,f4 ,murphy and ,tammany ,hall1 and precipitating his break with ,champ ,clark1 whose nomination for the presidency up to that time seemed assured4 ,for more than an hour after he reached the cabinet room the doors were closed4 ,across the hall the ,president's personal messenger had erected a screen to keep the curious at a distance4 ,at last the door was thrown open with a bang4 ,first to emerge were ,secretaries ,mc,adoo and ,redfield1 who brushed through the crowd of newspaper representatives4 ,they referred all inquiries to the ,president4 ,secretary of ,war ,garrison came out alone4 ,he refused to say a word regarding the note4 ,there was an interval of nearly ten minutes4 ,then ,secretaries ,daniels and ,wilson came out4 ,behind them was ,attorney ,general ,gregory1 and1 bringing up the rear1 was ,secretary ,bryan4 ,bryan's face was still set4 ,his turned-down collar was damp and his face was beaded with perspiration4 ,was the note to ,germany completed8 he was asked4 ,i cannot discuss what transpired at the cabinet meeting1 was his sharp reply4 ,can you clear up the mystery and tell us when the note will go forward to ,berlin8 persisted inquirers4 ,that ,i would not care to discuss1 said the ,secretary1 as he joined ,secretary ,lane4 ,i am not in a position to make any announcement of any sort now4 ,i will tell you when the note actually has started4 ,ordinarily1 ,secretary ,bryan goes from a cabinet meeting to his office1 drinks a bottle of milk and eats a sandwich4 ,to-day he entered ,secretary ,lane's carriage and1 with ,lane and ,secretary ,daniels1 proceeded to the ,university ,club for luncheon4 ,it is understood that ,secretary ,bryan took to the cabinet meeting a memorandum in which he justified his views that the proposed note is not of a character that the ,united ,states should send to ,germany4 ,he took the position that the ,united ,states1 in executing arbitration treaties with most of the countries of the world1 took a direct position against war4 ,as he put it1 on great questions of national honor1 the sort that make for welfare1 arbitration is the only remedy4 ,secretary ,bryan is understood to have urged that the ,united ,states could stand firmly for its rights and not close the doors to any explanation that ,germany--or any other belligerent--might make4 ,it is understood that ,bryan pointed out that ,germany had accepted the principles of the arbitration treaties as a general proposition1 but failed to execute the treaty because of the ,european ,war breaking out4 ,her opponents enjoy the advantages under such a treaty1 and ,secretary ,bryan insisted that ,germany should not be denied the same rights4444 ,although ,secretary ,bryan will continue his efforts to modify the note1 persons close to the ,president insist that he will fail4 ,the ,president is said to have decided1 after hearing all arguments1 that the safest course is to remain firm in the demand that ,american rights under international law be preserved4 ,and it is expected that when the note is finally ,o4 ,k4'd by ,counselor ,lansing1 it will be sent to ,germany4 ,there is speculation as to whether ,secretary ,bryan will sign the note as ,secretary of ,state4 ,he has angrily refused to take any positive position on the subject4 ,if he should refuse1 his retirement from the cabinet would be certain4 ,bryan's friends insist that he has been loyal to the ,president and has made many concessions to meet the latter's wishes4 ,they believe that he will content himself with a protest and again bow to the will of his chief4 ,but there was no way of getting any confirmation of this opinion from ,bryan4 ,this is the first serious friction that has developed in ,president ,wilson's cabinet4 ,politicians declare it will have far-reaching effect4 ,bryan has fought consistently for arbitration principles4 ,and he now considers1 some of his friends think1 that they have been ridden over rough-shod4#ai444 #ai ,john ,edwin ,nevin in ,the ,omaha ,news1 ,june #h1 #aiae4 ,the next morning ,president ,wilson announced his acceptance of ,mr4 ,bryan's resignation as ,secretary of ,state4 #ahi4 ,value of ,inference in the ,foiled ,interview4--,the reporter who would attain success in his profession should not fail to study with care this story by ,mr4 ,nevin1 to learn not so much what the story contains as what the person who wrote it had to know and had to be able to do before he could turn out such a piece of work4 ,one should analyze it to see how startlingly few new facts the correspondent had in his possession at the time he was writing1 and how he played up those lonesome details with a premonition of coming events that was uncanny4 ,above all1 the prospective reporter should observe with what rare judgment and accuracy the writer noted in ,mr4 ,bryan's demeanor a few distinctive incidents which were at once both trivial and yet laden with suggestions of events to come4 ,to produce this story the writer had to know not only a man1 but men4 ,a cub would have got nothing2 this man scooped the best correspondents of the nation4 #aij4 ,series of ,interviews4--,in a story containing a number of interviews1 let the lead feature the consensus of opinion expressed in the interviews4 ,then follow in the body with the individual quotations1 each man's name being placed prominently at the beginning of the paragraph containing his interview1 so that in a rapid reading of the story the eye may catch readily the change from the words of one man to another4 ,when there is a large number of such interviews1 the name may even be set in display type at the beginning of the paragraph4 ,if1 however1 the persons interviewed are not at all prominent1 but their statements are worth while1 the quotations may be given successively and the names buried within the paragraph4 #aia4 ,leads for ,speeches4--,in comparison with handling an interview1 a report of a speech is an easy task4 ,in the case of the sermon or the lecture1 typewritten copies are almost always available and the thoughts are presented in orderly sequence4 ,so if the reporter has followed the advice given in ,part ,,ii1 ,chapter ,,vii1 and taken longhand notes of a speech1 or has not been so engrossed in mere note-taking that he has been unable to follow the trend of the speaker's thought1 he will experience comparatively little trouble in writing up the speech4 ,he may begin in any one of a half-dozen or more ways4 ,he may feature3 7#a7 the speaker's theme2 7#b7 the title of the address1 which may or may not be the theme2 7#c7 a sentence or a paragraph of forceful direct quotation2 7#d7 an indirect quotation of one or more dynamic statements2 7#e7 the speaker's name2 7#f7 the occasion of the speech2 or 7#g7 the time or the place of delivery4 ,any one of these may be played up according to its importance in the address4 #aib4 ,featuring a ,single ,sentence4--,of the seven or eight different kinds of lead1 a quotation of a single sentence or a single paragraph is happiest if one can be found that will give the keynote of the speech or will harmonize with a declared policy of the paper4 ,thus3 ,it is the traitor god ,love that makes men tell foolish lies and women tell the fool truth1 said ,prof4 ,henry ,acheson last night in his lecture on ,flirts4 ,the devil has gone out of fashion4 ,after a long and honorable career as truant officer1 he has finally been buried with his fathers4 ,that is why twentieth century men and women don't attend church4 ,such was ,dr4 ,amos ,buckwin's explanation yesterday of the church-going problem4 #aic4 ,random ,statements4--,emphasis should be laid on the value of playing up in the lead even a random statement if it chances to agree with a specific policy or campaign to which the paper has committed itself4 ,in a non-political address or sermon an unwary statement touching national1 state1 or city politics makes an excellent feature if it favors the policies of the paper4 ,its worth lies in the fact that it is manifestly unprejudiced and advanced by the speaker with no ulterior motive4 ,on the other hand1 such a statement may well be ignored if opposed to the paper's political or civic views4 ,for example1 note in the following lead a feature played up solely because the paper was ,democratic in its politics3 ,i was a student in one of the classes taught by ,woodrow ,wilson4 ,anyone who has ever seen the lower part of his facial anatomy knows that when he says 'no' he does not mean 'yes1' said ,bishop ,theodore ,henderson at the ,methodist ,church yesterday morning4 ,it was not a political sermon4 ,aside from what political significance the above quotation might have1 there was nothing political about his discourse4 ,he brought it out in referring to the ,president doing away with the inaugural ball in #aiae1 which he nearly classed as a drunken orgy run by politicians4 ,he was emphasizing the ,president's no1 that his family would not be present even if he himself had to attend4 ,as in this story1 however1 the writer must be careful always to make clear the precise relation of the featured quotation to the speech as a whole4 #aid4 ,indirect ,quotation4--,the chief reason for quoting indirectly in the lead a single statement of a speaker is the need of shifting an important point to the very first4 ,that an inordinate indulgence in mere amusement is softening the fiber of the ,american nation and sapping its vitality1 was the statement of ,allen ,a4 ,pendel1 president of the ,southwest ,press ,company1 at the monthly meeting of the ,crust ,breakers1 ,saturday4 #aie4 ,title ,featured4--,the use of the subject of the speech as a feature is advisable when it is particularly happy or when it expresses the theme of the address4 ,the ,national ,importance of ,woman's ,health was the subject of ,dr4 ,a4 ,t4 ,schofield's lecture at the ,institute of ,hygiene1 ,wednesday4 ,taking as his subject1 ,the ,tragedy of the ,unprepared1 the ,rev4 ,otis ,colleman delivered a powerful attack in ,grace ,church ,sunday against unpreparedness in one's personal life and in the home1 the state1 and the nation4 #aif4 ,theme ,featured4--,the theme may be featured when a single-sentence quotation cannot readily be found and the subject does not indicate the nature of the address4 ,condemnation of the twentieth-century woman's dress was voiced at the ,ninth ,international ,purity ,congress by ,rev4 ,albion ,smith1 ,madison1 ,wis41 who spoke on ,spirit ,rule vs4 ,animal ,rule for ,men and ,women4 #aig4 ,summary ,lead4--,oftentimes the theme lead shades into a summarizing lead and the two become one of indirect quotation4 ,long summarizing leads of speeches are to be avoided as a rule1 since they are liable to become overloaded and cumbersome4 ,when using this lead1 the writer must be particularly careful to see that the individual clauses are relatively short and simple in structure and that the relation of each to the other and to the sentence as a whole is absolutely clear4 ,stating that the public schools are the greatest instrument for the development of socialism in this country1 that the socialists must get control of the courts1 that the party is not developing as rapidly at present as it did a few years ago1 and that the opportunity that exists in this country for the individual has been largely to blame for the slow development of the ,socialist party in ,america1 ,john ,c4 ,kennedy1 ,socialist speaker and member of the ,chicago common council1 spoke on ,the ,outlook for ,socialism in ,america at the ,social ,democratic picnic held in ,pabst ,park on ,sunday4 #aih4 ,speaker's ,name ,featured4--,the speaker's name comes first1 of course1 only when he is sufficiently prominent locally or nationally to justify featuring him4 ,billy ,sunday made the devil tuck his tail between his legs and skedaddle ,friday night4 ,justice ,charles ,e4 ,hughes1 of the ,supreme ,court of the ,united ,states1 came to ,new ,york yesterday as the guest of the ,new ,york ,state ,bar ,association1 which is holding its thirty-ninth annual meeting in this city4 ,in the evening at the ,astor ,hotel he delivered a scholarly address before that body on the topic1 ,some ,aspects of the ,development of ,american ,law4 ,then he shook hands with several hundreds of the members of the association and their friends1 turned around and went right back again to the seclusion of the ,supreme ,court ,chamber in ,washington4 #aii4 ,featuring the ,occasion4--,featuring the occasion of a speech or the auspices under which it was given is justifiable only when the speech and the speaker are of minor importance4 ,before the first hobo congress ever held in the world ,william ,eads ,howe1 millionaire president of the convention1 spoke ,monday on the need of closer union among passengers on the ,t4 ,p4 and ,w4 #bjj4 ,featuring ,time and ,place4--,only rarely is the time or the place featured4 ,but either may be played up when sufficiently important4 ,speaking from the door of ,col4 ,henry ,cook's chicken house on ,ansley ,road to an audience of #bej colored brethren in a neighboring barn1 the ,rev4 ,ezekiel ,butler1 colored1 began in a pouring rain ,sunday night the first service of the annual ,holly ,springs open-air meetings4 #bja4 ,featuring ,several ,details4--,when the speaker1 the subject1 the occasion1 and the place are all important1 it may be needful to make a long summarizing lead of several paragraphs1 explaining all these features in detail4 ,in such a case a quarter- or a half-column may be required before one can get to the address itself4 ,the following story of ,president ,wilson's first campaign speech for relection1 delivered at ,pittsburgh on ,january #bi1 #aiaf1 is an illustration3 ,,wilson ,,begins ,,campaign ,name first ,president ,wilson as trustee of the ideals of ,america1 to employ his own phrase1 has taken his case to the people4 ,occasion ,he opened here to-day the most momentous speech-making tour perhaps made by a ,president within a generation with an appeal to keep national preparedness out of partisan politics and to give it no place as a possible campaign issue4 ,effect on ,audience ,the nonpartisanship urged by the ,president was reflected in ,pittsburg's greeting to the executive4 ,circumstances and ,place ,a ,republican ex-,congressman1 ,james ,francis ,burke1 presided at the meeting under the auspices of the chamber of commerce in ,soldiers' ,memorial ,hall4 ,preparedness is a matter of patriotism1 not of party1 he said4 ,story backtracks here ,audience ,pittsburg's welcome to the ,president and ,mrs4 ,wilson was warm1 but not demonstrative4 ,when the speechmaking began1 ,memorial ,hall was packed with an audience of #d1ejj1 while on the steps and plaza outside some #h1jjj or #aj1jjj men and women surged1 unable to get admission1 but eager to get a glimpse of the executive and his bride4 ,reception by ,audience ,when the presidential party1 ,mrs4 ,wilson in front1 filed on the platform there was a demonstration1 brief but spontaneous1 the first lady of the land drawing as prolonged applause as her husband on his appearance4 ,attitude of ,audience ,the audience was an intent one4 ,its pose was one of keen attention to the ,president's utterances4 ,applause ,occasionally a particularly facile phrase1 such as when the ,president spoke of the need of spiritual efficiency as a basis for military efficiency1 started the hand-clapping and gusts of applause swept through the hall4 ,general ,effect of the ,visit ,for ,pennsylvania1 ,republican stronghold1 which gave ,roosevelt a plurality of #ea1jjj over ,wilson in #aiab1 the reception accorded the ,president is regarded as quite satisfactory4 ,downtown in the business district there was hardly a ripple4 ,inquisitive ,crowds ,but in the neighborhood of the ,hotel ,schenley1 out by the ,carnegie ,institute1 a large crowd turned out a few hours after the ,president's arrival and kept their glances on the seventh floor1 which was banked in roses and orchids4 ,beginning of the ,speech ,as your servant and representative1 ,i should come and report to you on our public affairs1 the ,president began4 ,it is the duty of every public man to hold frank counsel with the people he represents4#bj 444 #bj ,arthur ,m4 ,evans in ,the ,chicago ,herald1 ,january #cj1 #aiaf4 #bjb4 ,body of the ,story4--,in writing the body of the story1 the first thing to strive for is proper coherence with the lead4 ,this caution is worth particular heed when the lead contains a single-sentence quotation1 an indirect question1 or a paragraph of direct statement from somewhere in the body of the speech4 ,few things are more incongruous in a story than a clever epigrammatic lead and a succession of quoted statements following1 none of which exhibits a definite bearing on the lead4 ,oftentimes this incongruity is produced by the reporter's attempt to follow the precise order adopted by the speaker4 ,such an order1 however1 should be manifestly impossible in a news report when the writer has dug out for use in the lead a lone sentence or paragraph from the middle of the speech4 ,rather1 one should continue such a lead with a paragraph or so of development1 then follow with paragraphs of direct quotation which originally may or may not have preceded the idea featured in the lead4 #bjc4 ,accuracy4--,the second consideration must be the same accuracy and fairness that was emphasized in the discussion of the interview4 ,some reporters1 for instance1 take the liberty of putting within quotation marks1 as though quoted directly1 whole paragraphs that they know are not given verbatim1 their grounds for the liberty being that they know they are reporting the speaker with entire accuracy1 and the use of quotes gives the story greater emphasis and intimacy of appeal4 ,this liberty is to be condemned4 ,when a reporter puts quotation marks about a phrase or clause1 he declares to his readers that the other man1 not he1 is responsible for the statement exactly as printed4 ,and even though a man may think he is reporting a speaker with absolute precision1 there is always the possibility that he may have misunderstood4 ,indeed1 it is just these chance misunderstandings that trip reporters and frequently necessitate speakers' denying published accounts of their lectures4 ,only what one has taken down verbatim should be put within quotation marks4 ,all else should be reported indirectly with an unwavering determination to convey the real spirit of the lecture or sermon1 not to play up an isolated or random subtopic that has little bearing on the speech as a whole4 ,any reporter can find in any lecture statements which1 taken without the accompanying qualifications1 may be adroitly warped to make the story good and the speaker ridiculous in the eyes of the reading public4 #bjd4 ,speech ,story as a ,whole4--,the story as a whole should be a little speech in itself4 ,whole topics may be omitted4 ,others that possibly occupied pages of manuscript and took several minutes to present may be cut down to a single sentence4 ,still others may be presented in full4 ,but the quotation marks and the cohering phrases1 such as said he1 continued the speaker1 ,mr4 ,wilson said in part1 etc41 should be carefully inserted so as to make it entirely clear to the reader when the statements are a condensation of the speaker's remarks and when they are direct quotations4 ,such connecting phrases1 however1 should be placed in unemphatic positions within the paragraph and should have their form so varied as not to attract undue attention4 ,and as in the interview1 the report as a whole should be livened up at intervals with phrases and paragraphs calling attention to characteristic gestures1 facial expressions1 and individual eccentricities of the speaker's person1 manner1 or dress4 #bje4 ,series of ,speeches4--,when reporting a series of speeches1 as at a banquet1 convention1 political picnic1 or a holiday celebration1 it generally is the best policy to play up at length the strongest address1 or else the speech of the most important personage1 then summarize the remaining talks in a paragraph or so at the end of the story4 ,if all are of about equal importance1 the lead may feature the general trend of thought of the different speakers or else some single startling statement setting forth the character and spirit of the meeting4 ,the story may then proceed with summarizing quotations or indirect statements of the individual speakers1 giving each space according to the value of his address4 ,where the body of the story is made up of direct and indirect quotations from several speeches1 the speaker's name should come first in the paragraph in which he is quoted1 so that the eye of the reader running rapidly down the column may catch readily that portion of the story given to each person quoted4 #bjf4 ,banquets1 ,conventions1 etc4--,not always1 however1 are speeches important1 or even delivered1 on these social1 political1 and holiday occasions4 ,if not1 the reporter must devote his attention to the occasion1 to any unusual incidents or events1 or to the persons attending4 ,in reporting banquets1 it may be the persons present1 the novelty of the favors1 the originality of the menu1 or the occasion itself that must be featured4 ,in conventions it may be the purpose or expected results1 certain effects on national or state legislation1 or any departures or new ideas in evidence4 ,in reporting conventions of milliners1 tailors1 jewelers1 and the like1 one can always find excellent features in the incoming styles4 ,the public is greedy for stories of advance styles4 ,in political picnics the feature is practically always the speeches1 though sometimes there are athletic contests that provide good copy and may be presented in accordance with ,part ,,iii1 ,chapter ,,xvi4 ,in holiday celebrations also the feature may be speeches or athletic contests1 or else parades of floats1 fraternal orders1 soldiers1 etc4 ,usually1 however1 the occurrence of some untoward accident that mars the occasion itself furnishes a story feature of greater importance than the monotony of the parade and the contests4 #bjg4 ,current ,magazine ,articles1 etc4--,news stories of articles appearing in current magazines1 books1 government publications1 educational journals1 and the like are of the same type as stories of addresses4 ,the lead may feature the theme1 the title1 the author1 a single sentence1 an entire paragraph1 the society or organization publishing the article or report1 or even the motive back of the article4 ,and the body follows usually with direct quotations summarizing the whole4 ,such news stories generally are very readable1 particularly if they are timely4 ,but the reporter must be careful to avoid extended analysis or learned comment4 ,a long catalogue of errors with the page on which each may be found is good in scholarly magazines1 but worthless in news columns4 ,the reporter's office is to write for the entertainment and enlightenment of the public1 not for the instruction of the author about whose article he is writing4 ,hence he should report only those details that are of interest to the readers of his journal4 #bjh4 ,courts4--,court1 trial1 and inquest stories are but a combination of the methods of handling interviews and speeches1 the questions and answers of the attorneys and witnesses being the interviews1 the arguments of the lawyers and the decisions of the court being the speeches4 ,the writing of the court story as a whole follows closely the method already outlined for interviews and speeches4 ,the lead1 however1 varies greatly accordingly to the stage of the court proceedings4 ,if a verdict has been brought in1 the guilt or innocence of the defendant1 the penalty imposed1 or an application for a rehearing may be featured1 and the body of the story continues with a statement from the prisoner1 quotations from the speeches of the opposing attorneys1 and the judge's charge to the jury4 ,if the trial has reached only an intermediate stage1 the lead may feature the cause of the court proceedings1 a significant bit of testimony1 the name of an important witness1 the point reached in the day's work1 the probable length of the trial1 any unusual clash of the attorneys over the admission of certain testimony1 or possibly the prisoner's changed attitude resulting from the long nervous strain4 ,then the body1 as in reports of speeches1 may follow with interesting bits of quotation from the testimony or from the arguments of the attorneys1 with summarizing paragraphs of the evidence and the proceedings as a whole4 ,occasionally1 in order to bring out significant points in the depositions1 it may become necessary to quote verbatim questions and answers in the cross-examination1 but generally a more readable story may be had by reporting the testimony continuously and omitting the questions altogether4 ,even when playing up a court decision1 it is rarely wise to quote large extracts verbatim1 owing to the heaviness of legal expression and the frequent use of technical terms4 ,only when the form of the decision1 as well as the facts1 is vital1 should the language of the decree be quoted at length4 ,and even then it is better1 as a rule1 to print the entire decision separately and write an independent summarizing story4 ,when writing up trials continued from preceding days1 one must be careful to connect the story with what has gone before1 explaining who the persons are1 the cause of their appearance in court1 and where the trial is being conducted4 ,only in this way can readers who have not kept up with the trial understand the present story4 #bji4 ,humorous ,court ,stories4--,a word of caution must be given against the temptation to write court stories humorously at the expense of accuracy and the feelings of those unfortunate ones drawn into public notice by some one's transgression of law or ethics4 ,the law of libel and its far-reaching power has been dwelt on in ,part ,,ii1 ,chapter ,x1 and it need not be emphasized here that libel lurks in wrong street numbers1 misspelled names1 misplaced words and phrases1 and even in accidental resemblance between names and between personal descriptions4 ,but the reporter should be cautioned against warping facts for the sake of making a good story4 ,those who stand before the bar of justice1 no matter for what cause1 how wrong or how right1 are keenly sensitive about even the publication of their names4 ,indeed1 it is fear of newspaper notoriety that keeps many a man from seeking and obtaining that justice which is due every individual at the hands of the law4 ,the present writer has seen many an innocent person in a state of nervous collapse over a barbed thrust made by a satirizing humorist in the columns of a paper4 ,no criticism is made of true reports2 objection is made only to those warped for the sake merely of producing a good story4 ,in a leading ,southern paper appeared the following3 ,,frogeye ,,had ,a ,,rival ,come er lef'6 come er right6 come er rag an' shawl6 ,come to yo' honey-bunch straight down de hall6 ,up towa'd de front do'1 back towa'd de wall1 ,gimme room to scramble at de ,potlicker ,ball6 ,what's this8 demanded the judge ferociously4 ,another ,potlicker row8 ,i'm going to have to do something about you folks4 ,you're always in hot water4 ,the defendants--a weird assortment of the youth and beauty of the ,black ,belt1 their finery somewhat damaged after a night behind the bars--shifted uneasily on their respective number nines4 ,a cross-eyed mulatto had the courage to speak1 albeit a trifle morosely4 ,us ain't in no hot water1 jedge1 she drawled4 ,us ain't been doin' nothin' but dancin'4 ,what's your name1 girl8 inquired the clerk4 ,he was answered by ,frogeye1 who celebrated his latest release from gaol by attending the ,potlicker ,ball4 ,dat's ,three-,finger ,fanny1 stated ,frogeye in a voice of authority4 ,she done start de hull rucus4 ,three-,finger ,fanny bridled4 ,before she could open her mouth1 ,frogeye plunged into the tale3 ,ef it hadn't er been fo' dat three-fingered1 cross-eyed1 blistered-footed gal we'd er been dar dancin' yit4 ,but she an ,bugabear spill de beans4 ,she come up ter me an' say1 ',mister ,frogeye1 kin you ball de ,jack8' ,i tells her she don't see no chains on me1 do she8 ,an' we whirl right in4 ,hoccome ,i knowed she promise dat dance ter ,bugabear8 ,we ain't ball de ,jack twice 'roun' fo' heah he come wid er beer bottle shoutin' dat ,i done tuk his gal erway4 ,i'se 'bleeged ter 'fend mahse'f1 ain't ,i1 jedge8 ,well1 den6 ,the conclusion of ,frogeye's story lacked climax1 but apparently the judge got the gist of it1 for he said3 ,it seems to me all of you dancers need a summer vacation4 ,they say there's nothing like a little arm work to improve the grip4 ,thirty days1 everybody6 ,but every reader knows that in one round-up of negro malefactors1 characters such as ,frogeye1 ,three-,finger ,fanny1 and ,bugabear are not going to be arrested at one ,potlicker ,ball4 ,the story is a good one if the reader will suspend his sense of realism sufficiently to enjoy it4 ,but in its purport to be a true account of an arrest and a trial of certain persons1 it makes one doubt first the story1 then the newspaper that printed it1 and finally newspapers in general4 ,and so develops one of the main causes of criticism of the modern newspaper4 ,a reporter must resolve to tell the truth1 the whole truth1 and nothing but the truth4 ,a journal loses its power the moment it is wrong4 ,,xv4 ,,accident1 ,,crime #baj4 ,accident and ,crime ,stories4--,accident and crime stories are grouped together because they are handled alike and because they differ from each other only in point of view1 or in the fact that in the one some one is guilty of lawbreaking1 while in the other the participants are merely unfortunate4 ,the two1 of course1 frequently overlap1 since a death or a wreck which at first may seem purely accidental may later prove to have been the result of a criminal act4 ,in this chapter1 however1 accident stories will be taken to include fires1 street-car smash-ups1 railroad wrecks1 automobile collisions1 runaways1 explosions1 mine disasters1 strokes of lightning1 drownings1 floods1 storms1 shipwrecks1 etc4 ,in the list of crime will be placed murders1 assaults1 suicides1 suspicious deaths1 robberies1 embezzlements1 arson1 etc4 ,of the accident class1 the method of writing a fire story may be taken as a type for the whole group4 #baa4 ,lead to a ,fire ,story4--,ordinarily the lead to a story of a fire should tell what was destroyed1 the location of the property1 the extent of the damage1 the occupants or owners1 the time1 the cause1 and what made the loss possible1--answering1 in other words1 the questions who1 what1 when1 where1 why1 how1 and how much4 ,thus3 ,fire originating in a pile of shavings crawled across a #ajj-yard stretch of dry ,bermuda grass at an early hour this morning1 destroying the cotton warehouse at #fae ,railroad ,street1 owned by ,j4 ,o4 ,hunnicut1 president of the ,first ,national ,bank4 ,the loss is #be1jjj with no insurance4 #bab4 ,lives ,lost or ,endangered4--,the fire lead may feature any one or more of a dozen individual incidents4 ,loss of1 or danger to1 life1 unless other features are exceptional1 should take precedence over every other particular4 ,six women are dead and ten seriously injured as a result of the destruction by fire1 ,tuesday morning1 of the ,gold and ,green ,club1 #ahah ,chestnut ,street1 entailing a loss of #cj1jjj4 #bac4 ,lists of ,killed or ,wounded4--,in writing a story where a number of persons have been killed or injured1 the reporter should observe the following directions3 #a4 ,separate the names of the dead from those of the injured1 putting the list of dead first4 #b4 ,record the names in alphabetical order1 placing surnames first4 #c4 ,put each name1 with the age1 address1 occupation or business1 nature and extent of the injury1 and any care given1 in a separate paragraph4 #d4 ,underscore the names with wave lines so that they shall be printed in display type4 ,,boys ,,smoke ,,in ,,hayloft ,three boys borrowed their father's pipes and took their first lesson in smoking yesterday in ,john ,cadie's hayloft on the ,anton road4 ,the ,dead ,heinie ,pindle1 #h years old1 charred body found in ashes of the barn4 ,the ,injured ,olin ,swendson1 #i years old1 burned about face and arms while trying to save ,heinie ,pindle4 ,ben ,adams1 #i years old1 leg broken in jump from the hayloft4 #bad4 ,acts of ,heroism4--,acts of heroism involving danger to or loss of life are always good for features4 ,remaining at her post through the thick of the fire that destroyed the heart of ,necedah to-day1 ,wisconsin's only woman telephone magnate1 ,miss ,hazel ,bulgar1 proved the heroine of the day4 ,while the flames threatened her building1 she took the switchboard herself1 called the fire departments of all neighboring cities1 and transmitted calls for help4 #bae4 ,remarkable ,escapes4--,remarkable escapes from burning buildings1 in their appeal to the elemental struggle for life1 make valuable features4 ,using a window blind and a single thread of telephone wire as a means of escape1 ,carl ,hardiman1 #bd1 #baf ,northcliff avenue1 swung himself into space four stories above the level of the street at #h3jj o'clock this morning and crawled hand over hand from the burning wax factory to a telephone pole across the street4 #baf4 ,humorous1 ,pathetic1 or ,daring ,incidents4--,humorous1 pathetic1 or daring incidents are worth featuring strongly1 particularly when they involve children1 aged persons1 or animals4 ,tige1 aged #d1 was only a collie dog1 but he will have the biggest funeral to-morrow ever given a member of the ,lilliman family4 ,he dragged two of the children out of the blazing kitchen at #dhg ,birmingham avenue and was so badly burned trying to save the nine months baby1 ,dan1 that he died this morning4 ,every hair was burned from his body4 ,just inside the front entrance1 within six inches of ,god's fresh air and life1 the bodies of #ba girls1 ranging in age from #f to #ah years1 were found this morning after the fire that destroyed the ,st4 ,patrick's ,girls' school4 #bag4 ,cause of ,fire4--,the cause of the fire1 if unusual or mysterious1 may be featured4 ,a set of cotton ,santa ,claus whiskers and a ,christmas candle caused the death ,wednesday night of ,allen ,palmer1 #ah1 #adaf ,magnolia ,avenue1 and the destruction by fire of the ,lake ,mills ,methodist church4 #bah4 ,buildings or ,property4--,the particular buildings1 if especially valuable by reason of their age1 location1 or cost of construction1 may be features4 ,historic ,grace ,episcopal ,church in ,south ,wabash ,avenue1 considered one of the finest examples of ,french ,gothic architecture in the city since it was erected nearly fifty years ago1 was destroyed to-day in a fire that did damage estimated at #ejj1jjj4 ,the main building of the ,union ,switch and ,signal ,company1 of the ,westinghouse interests1 at ,swissvale1 where thousands of shells have been manufactured for the ,allies1 was swept by fire this afternoon1 entailing a loss estimated at #d1jjj1jjj4 ,officials of the company said that the origin of the fire had not been determined4 #bai4 ,other ,features4--,similarly1 one may feature any one of a number of other particulars3 as1 the occupants of the building1 the owners1 any prominent persons involved1 the amount and character of the damage1 the amount of insurance1 how the fire was discovered1 how it spread1 when the alarm was given1 the promptness or delay of the fire department1 etc4 ,any one of these particulars may be featured1 provided it has unusual importance or interest4 #bbj4 ,body of the ,fire ,story4--,the body of the fire story may continue with such of the details enumerated in the preceding paragraphs as are not used in the lead4 ,somewhere in the story the extent of the damage and the amount of insurance should be given4 ,those are sufficiently important particulars to be included always4 ,greater emphasis and action can be given the story1 particularly in case of loss of life or great damage1 by quoting direct statements of eye-witnesses or of persons injured4 ,a janitor's account of how the fire started1 or how he discovered it1 or a woman's story of how she knew the night before that something terrible was going to happen1 always adds greatly to the interest4 #bba4 ,rumors at ,fires4--,in reporting a fire1 however1 particularly a big one1 the reporter should guard against the wild rumors about the extent of the loss1 the number of persons injured or burned to death1 the certainty of arson1 etc41 which usually gain currency among the spectators4 ,such stories are always exaggerated1 and they account for the fact that first news accounts of fires are frequently overdrawn4 ,the reporter should never take such stories at their face value1 but should investigate for himself until he knows his details are accurate4 ,or if he cannot prove them either false or true1 he should omit them entirely or record them as mere rumors4 ,above all1 he must keep his head4 ,with the hundreds--sometimes thousands--of spectators pushed beyond the fire lines1 the roar of fire engines1 the scream of whistles1 the wild lights1 and the general pandemonium1 it is often difficult to remain calm4 ,yet it is only by keeping absolutely cool that one can judge accurately the value of the information obtained and can put that information into the best news form4 ,only the reporter who at all times retains entire possession of himself is able to write the most forceful1 interesting1 and readable fire stories4 #bbb4 ,accident ,stories in ,general4--,accident stories in general follow the same constructive plans as those given for fires4 ,the lead should play up the number of lives lost or endangered1 the cause of the accident1 the extent of the damage or injury1 the time1 and the place1 answering the questions who1 what1 when1 where1 why1 and how4 ,any one of these may be featured according to its importance4 ,if a number of persons have been killed or hurt1 and their names are obtainable1 a list of the dead and the injured should be made as indicated on page #aej4 ,then the body of the story may continue in simple chronological order1 reserving unimportant details until the last4 ,the following is a good illustration of an accident story3 ,,du ,,pont ,,blast ,,kills #ca ,wilmington1 ,del41 ,nov4 #bi4--,thirty-one men were killed and six fatally injured to-day in an explosion of approximately four tons of black powder in a packing house at the ,upper ,hagley yard of the ,e4 ,i4 du ,pont de ,nemours ,co41 on ,brandywine ,creek1 three miles north of this city4 ,the cause of the explosion is not known4 ,one official says1 ,there is not a thread on which to hang any hope that the origin will be definitely ascertained4 ,after the blast1 termed the worst in the last twenty-five years1 it was recalled that notices recently had been tacked on trees and fences near the yards1 and even on fences within the plant1 warning workmen to quit the mills by ,jan4 #a4 ,at the time1 the posting of the notices was believed to be an attempt by ,german sympathizers to intimidate the men4 ,extra guards were ordered about the plants and the ,united ,states ,secret ,service began an investigation1 it was reported4 ,du ,pont ,company officials have ordered a searching investigation1 and every employee who was near the destroyed building will be put through an examination in an effort to get some clue as to the cause of the explosion4444#ba #ba ,new ,york ,world1 ,december #a1 #aiae4 ,it is worth noting1 in this story1 the shrewdness with which the reporter plays up the probable cause of the accident1 adding to the actual facts and promising possible further developments in to-morrow's paper4 #bbc4 ,stories of the ,weather4--,the weather takes its place in the accident division of news stories because of its frequent harmful effects on life and property4 ,men's pursuits are all a gamble on the weather4 ,usually a story about the weather depends for its value largely on the felicity of its language1 though when there has been severe atmospheric disturbance1 resulting in loss of life1 destruction of property1 or delayed traffic1 a simple narrative of events is sufficient to hold the reader's attention4 ,the following are different types of weather story1 the first being of the pure accident type1 the second1 of the more commonplace daily routine4 ,,terrific ,,storm ,,kills #d ,rain1 hail1 snow1 sleet1 gales1 thunder and lightning combined in an extraordinary manner early yesterday to give ,new ,york one of the most peculiar storms the city ever experienced4 ,four persons died and scores were injured4 ,unfinished buildings were blown down1 roofs were blown off1 and signs demolished4 ,the storm played havoc with the railroads1 delaying trains and adding to the difficulty of moving freight4 ,it made so much trouble for the ,new ,haven that the company last night issued a notice saying that on account of storms and accumulation of loaded cars only live stock1 perishable freight1 food products1 and coal would be carried over portions of the line4 ,adrift in the gale1 fifteen canal barges and cargo scows from ,south ,amboy1 ,n4 ,j41 went ashore at ,sandy ,hook after those on board1 including twenty women and children1 had suffered from exposure and one man washed overboard from the barge ,henrietta had been drowned4 ,the ,california and the ,stockholm1 with passengers on board and inbound1 were delayed by the storm and will reach port to-day4 ,the wind in ,newark unroofed the almshouse1 injuring two aged women1 blew down buildings1 smashed windows1 and crippled the entire wire service of the city4444#bb 7,then follows a detailed account of the dead1 the injured1 and the delay of traffic47 #bb ,new ,york ,herald1 ,december #bg1 #aiae4 ,,cold ,,wave ,,on ,,way ,,here ,indianapolis to-day stands on the brink between rain and snow4 ,before to-morrow dawns it may bend slightly one way or the other1 meteorologically speaking1 and the result will be little flakes of snow or little drops of water4 ,it is forecast that to-morrow its feet will slip entirely and it will be plunged into the abyss of cold weather4 ,the forecast is the work of the weather man1 who has some reputation locally and elsewhere as a forecaster of questionable accuracy4 ,cold weather is drifting this way on northwest winds1 says the weather man1 and soon will be hard by in the offing1 ready to pounce on ,indianapolis4 ,the fate of ,indianapolis is to be the fate of ,indiana also1 and of the entire ,middle ,west1 for the weather man is no respecter of localities1 and when he once gets started forecasts with utter abandon4444 ,the ,northwest has experienced a drop of #bj degrees in temperature and the cold wave is rapidly sweeping this way4 ,it is due to reach ,indianapolis to-morrow morning4 ,the local forecast is for cloudy to-night and ,wednesday1 with probabilities of rain or snow1 and colder ,wednesday4 ,it was the same for the state1 but rain was predicted for the south part and snow for the north4 ,the temperature in ,indianapolis at #g o'clock this morning was #ch degrees1 a drop of #f degrees being recorded in the last twenty-four hours4 ,the coming cold wave is expected to give this part of the country its first real touch of winter4 ,the temperature hovered near the zero mark in the northwest4 ,the weather bureau reported snow in ,wyoming1 ,colorado1 ,nebraska1 ,iowa1 and ,minnesota4#bc #bc ,indianapolis ,news1 ,october #bh1 #aiac4 ,to write this second type of story interestingly means that the reporter must exert himself especially1 since the daily routine of weather reports soon becomes wearing in its monotony1--so much so that one finds it exceedingly difficult to present with any degree of originality the same old little-varying facts from day to day4 ,yet one's readers are always interested in just this item of news1 and one can be sure of more expectant readers for this particular story than perhaps for any other single item in the paper4 #bbd4 ,deaths and ,funerals4--,stories of deaths and funerals may be included in the monotonous class of accident news4 ,there is this additional difficulty in writing death and funeral stories1 however1 that in attempting to write sympathetically1 appreciatively1 of the person who has died1 and so meet the expectations of surviving friends and relatives1 one is running always on the border line of bathos4 ,it is probably easier to make oneself ridiculous in such stories than in any other kind of news article4 ,as a result1 most newspapers require their reporters to confine themselves to bare statements of facts concerning the dead person's life4 #bbe4 ,content of ,death ,stories4--,there are a few facts which all death stories should contain4 ,the person's name1 age1 street address1 and position or business should normally be included in the lead1 with possibly a statement of the cause of his death4 ,the duration of his illness may well follow4 ,then may come the names of surviving relatives and any relationships with persons well known1 locally or nationally4 ,if the person is married1 the date of the marriage1 the maiden name of the wife1 and any interesting circumstances connected with the marriage may be recalled4 ,the length of residence in the city should also be included1 with possibly a statement of the person's birthplace and the occasion of his settlement in the city4 ,if the person is a man or a woman of wealth1 an account of his or her holdings and how they were acquired is always interesting4 ,the story may close with the names of the pallbearers1 the time and place of the funeral1 the name of the minister officiating1 and the place of burial4 ,the following story of the death of ,justice ,lamar1 while not observing the order of events just given1 is an excellent illustration of a dignified presentation of the facts in a man's life4 7,the article has necessarily been abbreviated because of its length47 ,,justice ,j4 ,r4 ,,lamar ,,dies ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 ,sunday4--,mr4 ,joseph ,rucker ,lamar1 ,associate ,justice of the ,supreme ,court of the ,united ,states1 died to-night at his home in this city after an intermittent illness of several months4 ,the immediate cause of his death was a severe cold1 which he contracted ten days ago1 and which proved too great a strain for his weakened heart4 ,justice ,lamar's health began to fail early last summer and he was obliged to absent himself from his duties on the bench4 ,his physicians advised a long period of rest1 as they feared that over-work would seriously affect the action of his heart4 ,accordingly1 he spent the greater part of the summer at ,white ,sulphur ,springs and returned to ,washington about two months ago feeling much improved4 ,his condition was not such1 however1 that it permitted him to attend the sessions of the ,court1 although he was able to take outdoor exercise4 ,two days before ,christmas he contracted a heavy cold and was obliged to go to bed4 ,specialists were consulted1 but he gradually grew weaker until this afternoon1 when he sank into unconsciousness and passed away peacefully just before nine o'clock4 ,at his bedside when the end came were ,mrs4 ,lamar and their two sons4 ,chief ,justice ,white arrived at the ,lamar home within a few minutes after the death of his colleague4 ,the funeral ceremonies will be in accordance with the custom of the court4 ,it is probable that the services will be held on ,tuesday and that interment will be at the family home in ,ruckersville1 ,ga4 ,justice ,lamar was born at ,ruckersville1 ,elbert county1 ,ga41 on ,october #ad1 #aheg1 the son of the ,rev4 ,james ,s4 and ,mary ,rucker ,lamar4 ,he attended the ,university of ,georgia4 ,he was graduated from ,bethany ,college1 ,west ,virginia1 in #ahgg4 ,after a year in the ,washington and ,lee ,university ,law ,school1 he was admitted to the bar at ,augusta1 ,ga4 ,there he lived until appointed to the ,supreme ,court4 ,he was a cousin of the late ,associate ,justice ,l4 ,q4 ,c4 ,lamar1 of ,mississippi1 who was a member of the ,united ,states ,supreme ,court from #ahhh to #ahic4 ,when ,justice ,lamar went on the ,supreme ,court bench he was little known beyond the borders of his own state4 ,mr4 ,taft became acquainted with him a short time before his inauguration when the ,president-elect was playing golf at ,augusta4 ,justice ,lamar had been a member of the ,supreme ,court only a few months1 however1 when his ability was recognized4 ,his opinions were regarded as masterpieces of logical reasoning and applications for rehearings were made in few cases he helped to decide4 ,justice ,lamar was selected by ,president ,wilson as the principal commissioner for the ,united ,states in the ,,abc mediation at ,niagara ,falls in #aiad between this country and ,mexico over conditions in the neighboring republic4 ,justice ,lamar made many notable contributions to the legal literature of his state4 ,among them were ,georgia's ,contribution to ,law ,reforms1 ,a ,history of the ,organization of the ,supreme ,court1 ,life of ,judge ,nesbit and ,a ,century's ,progress in ,law4 ,more than two hundred of his opinions are embraced in six volumes of ,georgia ,reports4 ,justice ,lamar married1 on ,january #cj1 #ahgi1 ,miss ,clarinda ,pendleton1 a daughter of ,dr4 ,w4 ,k4 ,pendleton1 president of ,bethany ,college4 ,he is survived by his wife and two children1 ,philip ,rucker ,lamar and ,william ,pendleton ,lamar4#bd #bd ,new ,york ,herald1 ,january #c1 #aiaf4 #bbf4 ,obtaining the ,information4--,the gaining of information about a man who has just died is not difficult4 ,one should be cautioned1 however1 against seeking details from members of the family4 ,if the person is of little prominence1 one should go first to the undertaker4 ,he will have all the details about the funeral--the names of the pallbearers and of the minister1 the time and place of the funeral1 the place of burial--and probably all the facts about the person's life that the family wishes made public4 ,if the undertaker does not have this information1 he will be able to tell the reporter from whom it may be obtained4 ,additional facts may sometimes be had from the county and state directories1 and even from the city directory4 ,old residents or close friends1 too1 often are able to give interesting details about the person's life1 his failures and his successes1 and in this way a reporter can publish an appreciative account without editorializing on the man's accomplishments4 ,if the one who has died is of decided prominence1 the reporter can find accounts of him in the various ,who's ,who volumes and probably a rather full obituary all ready in the morgue4 ,one must be careful in using the morgue write-up1 however1 to bridge naturally and easily the gap between the new and the old material1 so that the reader shall not suspect he is reading a story partly written years ago4 ,the following is an illustration of poor coherence between the two parts3 ,paris1 ,august #ab4--,pol ,plancon1 the opera singer1 died to-day4 ,he had been ill since ,june4 ------- ,pol ,plancon was a bass singer and made his ,paris debut in the part of ,mephistopheles in #ahhc4 ,he came to the ,metropolitan ,opera house in ,new ,york in #ahic1 where he sang with ,melba1 ,calve1 ,eames1 ,nordica and ,jean and ,edouard de ,reszke4 ,plancon sang for many years at ,covent ,garden1 ,london4444 ,in this case it is too obvious that the first two sentences constitute the bare cable bulletin and that the second paragraph is the beginning of the morgue story4 #bbg4 ,crime ,lead4--,in the lead to a crime story1 one may feature either the names of the persons involved1 the number of lives lost or endangered1 the motive of the criminal1 the nature of the crime1 clues leading to the identification and arrest of the criminal1 possible effects of the crime1 or even public sentiment resulting from the deed4 ,of the possible leads1 probably the names of the persons involved1 either of the criminal or of those whose rights were infringed1 are most often played up4 ,thus3 ,leo ,m4 ,frank was lynched two miles outside of ,marietta1 the home of ,mary ,phagan1 at an early hour this morning4 ,mrs4 ,allie ,detmann1 #adji ,broad ,st41 was shot and killed yesterday by ,stanley ,mouldan1 #aeaf ,philadelphia ,ave4 ,the man then shot himself in the right temple1 dying an hour later in ,st4 ,elizabeth's ,hospital4 ,the other features1 however1 may be found at random in any paper4 ,illustrations are3 ,number of ,lives ,lost ,two women are dead at the ,good ,shepherd's ,rest because ,pat ,nicke kept the back door of his saloon open on election day4 ,motive ,to get money to pay for his grandmother's funeral1 ,robert ,hollyburd1 #bd1 #aiag ,monaco ,st41 yesterday robbed the cash register of the ,lengerke ,brothers1 sporting goods dealers1 at #afed ,bradley ,st4 ,nature of the ,crime ,the most brutal murder ever committed in ,calloway county was discovered at an early hour this morning when the body of ,dr4 ,otis ,bennett1 literally hacked to pieces1 was found in the basement of his home4 ,clues ,the ,davenport police have in their possession a large bone-handled knife which has been identified as the property of ,hugo ,o',neal1 colored1 of ,cushman4 ,the knife was found under ,col4 ,andrew ,alton's bedroom window after an attempted robbery of his home at an early hour this morning4 ,o',neal has not been seen since yesterday4 ,results ,tim ,atkins is probably dying at his shanty on ,davis ,street as a result of a difficulty between him and ,isom ,werner over a woman they met on their way home from the circus last night4 #bbh4 ,body of the ,crime ,story4--,the body of the crime story1 like that of the accident1 follows the lead in a simple chronological narration of events4 ,interest may be added by quoting direct statements from persons immediately connected with the crime1--how it feels to be held up1 how the robber gained entrance to the building1 how the bandits escaped4 ,in stories of burglaries and robberies the value of the stolen goods and any ingenious devices for gaining entrance to the house1 stopping the train1 or halting the robbed party should always be given4 ,it may be added that1 unless the purpose is entirely obvious1 as in robberies and burglaries1 due emphasis should be given to the motive for the crime4 ,one should be on one's guard1 however1 against accepting readily any motive assigned4 ,the star reporter never takes anybody at his word--the police1 the detectives1 or even the victims--in any statement where crime is involved4 ,he investigates for himself and draws his own conclusions4 #bbi4 ,caution against ,libel4--,an additional caution should be added here against libel1 because of the strong temptation always to make an accused person guilty before he has been adjudged so4 ,according to ,american law1 a person suspected of or charged with crime is innocent until he has been proved guilty4 ,in writing crime stories1 therefore1 the reporter must be doubly careful to have a supposed criminal merely suspected of misappropriating funds1 or alleged to have made the assault1 or said by the police to have entered the house4 ,and in order to present an unbiased story1 the side of the supposed malefactor should be given4 ,in the intense excitement resulting from a newly committed crime1 or in the squalid surroundings of a prison cell1 an accused person does not appear to his best advantage1 and it is easy for the reporter to let prejudice sway him1 perhaps causing irreparable injury to innocent persons4 ,the race riot in ,atlanta1 in #aije1 in which numbers of innocent negroes were murdered1 was a direct result of exaggerated and sensational stories of crime printed by yellow newspapers4 ,and the whole long trial and verdict against ,leo ,m4 ,frank were directly affected by the same papers4 ,if the opinion of readers is to be appealed to1 the reporter should leave such appeals to the editorial writers1 whose duty it is to interpret the news and sway the public whenever they will or can4 ,the reporter's duty1 as far as possible1 is to present mere facts4 ,,xvi4 ,,sports #bcj4 ,slang4--,in writing stories of athletic meets and games the reporter will find that in matters of language he has almost complete freedom4 ,for this there are two reasons3 the fact that it is necessary half the time to get final results of contests into print within a few seconds or minutes after the outcome has been decided1 and the fact that athletic devotees--fans in ,american slang--are not naturally critical4 ,time is the all-important element with them4 ,the results of a baseball game are wanted within a few seconds after the last man has been put out in the final inning4 ,whether the writer says the ,red ,sox defeated the ,tigers1 or nosed them out in the ninth1 or handed them a lemon1 means little to the followers of the game provided the information is specifically conveyed that ,boston beat ,detroit4 ,slang is freely used1--so much so that the uninitiated frequently cannot understand an account of a game4 ,the fans can1 however1 and they constitute the public for whom reporters on the sporting pages maintain they are writing4 ,if1 then1 one can brighten up his sporting stories--make them sparkling1 electric1 galvanic--by using slang1 he will find them acceptable to any editor4 ,the only caution to the beginner is that he must be sure every detail is clear to the fans4 ,slang can easily be overdone1--much more easily than one would suppose1--with the result that an otherwise good story is choked with near humorous1 foggy jargon4 ,better no slang than a story cloyed with it4#be #be ,it is the belief of the author that the sporting page has not yet reached its highest level of language and that the younger of us will live to see as pure ,english used on the sporting page as in the other news columns4 ,the purpose of this volume1 however1 is not to present the work of the reporter as it ought to be1 but as it is--a fact which accounts for the above paragraph and its recommendation of the use of slang in sporting news stories4 #bca4 ,four ,kinds4--,an examination of sporting news stories shows four kinds3 7#a7 those dealing with athletic events before their occurrence2 7#b7 those reporting the events2 7#c7 those analyzing and explaining the events and their results2 and 7#d7 those dealing with the sport in general4 ,the second of these1 the story reporting an athletic event1 is not unlike the types of news stories examined in the two preceding chapters and may be discussed first1 reserving for later analysis the other three because of their divergence from the normal type of news article4 #bcb4 ,the ,lead4--,the lead to a story reporting an athletic event follows with few exceptions the same general principles as the leads already examined4 ,unlike those studied in the preceding chapters1 however1 the lead to such a story often is written last1 because of the necessity of writing a running account of the game as it progresses1 yet of giving final results in the lead4 ,the feature most frequently played up is the final result1 with additional mention of the causes of victory or defeat1 the equality or inequality of the opposing players1 and any important incidents4 ,always too1 of course1 the names of the teams1 the time1 and the place are given4 ,but the score is regularly the feature1--so much so that if one is in doubt about what to feature in an athletic contest1 one can always play a trump card by featuring the results4 ,thus3 ,one hit and one score was all the ,senators could make off the ,yankees at ,washington this afternoon1 but that was enough4 ,joe ,gedeon made the hit1 a three bagger1 and ,milan passed him home when he dropped ,nunamacher's high fly to center4 ,a tie score was the best the ,maroons could do for the ,hoosiers ,saturday on ,marshall ,field4 ,the count was #g-g when ,umpire ,hanson called the game in the eleventh inning on account of darkness4 #bcc4 ,names of the ,teams4--,almost as frequent is the featuring of the names of the opposing teams1 with the final score included at the end of the lead4 ,cornell's #aiae football team wrote its name in football history in blazing letters on ,franklin ,field this afternoon when at the end of one of the most stirring contests ever seen on that gridiron the scoreboard read3 ,cornell1 #bd2 ,pennsylvania1 #i4 #bcd4 ,cause of ,victory or ,defeat4--,the cause of a team's victory or defeat often makes an effective feature for the lead4 ,with the aid of a bewildering assortment of plays1 the ,syracuse ,university football team defeated the ,oregon ,agricultural ,college here to-day1 #bh to #j4 ,inability to hit1 coupled with poor fielding at critical moments1 caused the defeat of the ,new ,york ,university nine by the ,stevens ,institute of ,technology yesterday on ,ohio ,field4 ,the score was #e to #c4 #bce4 ,individual ,players4--,stellar work by individual players--even poor work when responsible for the loss of the game--often makes necessary the featuring of their names4 ,jim ,thorpe and ,george ,kelly led an assault on the ,dallas pitchers this afternoon while ,pol ,perritt and ,fred ,schupp were baffling the local talent at home plate4 ,the net result was a shutout for ,dallas and five runs for ,new ,york4 ,wildness on the part of ,foster and timely hitting by ,oldring and ,strunk enabled ,philadelphia to defeat ,boston again to-day1 the score being #f to #b4 #bcf4 ,other ,features4--,even the kind of weather1 the condition of the grounds1 the size of the crowd1 or the effect of the play on the crowd may be featured3 ,the ,weather ,high winds and bad light made the marksmanship poor at the local shoot yesterday1 the best score being a #ic1 made by ,lawrence ,bowen4 ,condition of ,grounds ,the annual football game between ,lawrence and ,beloit yesterday1 resulting in a #ad to #f victory for ,lawrence1 might better have been called an aquatic meet4 ,the best swimmers won4 ,size of the ,crowd ,fifty-nine thousand football fans saw the warriors of ,old ,eli take the ,tiger's pelt yesterday at ,new ,haven4 ,the count was #ac to #g4 ,effect on the ,crowd ,a disgusted crowd of #h1jjj ,sunday baseball fans saw the ,brewers lose to the ,colonels yesterday1 #b to #ad4 ,it will be noted in these leads that the final score1 while not always featured1 is nevertheless always included4 #bcg4 ,the ,body4--,the bodies of stories reporting athletic contests are all but unlimited in their methods of handling1 depending on the nature of the sport and the length of the story4 ,if the sporting editor has limited the reporter to two sticks1 the body may contain the lineup1 the names of the officials1 mention of those starring or playing particularly poorly1 when and how the scoring was made1 the condition of the field and the weather1 and the size of the crowd4 ,if the editor wants a fuller report1 the more important plays1 told chronologically1 may be added4 ,if he wishes a detailed account1 all the plays should be given1 the reporter following the chronological order after a full1 summarizing lead4 ,in big athletic events1 the sporting editor often assigns two men1 one to write a general account1 the other a detailed story4 ,in such stories it is the reporter writing the general summary who compiles the summarizing figures boxed at the beginning1 giving the total attendance and receipts and making comparison with preceding events4 ,a typical baseball story is the following3 ,,yanks ,,beat ,,the ,,senators ,through some change of policy on the part of the concern which is conducting the weather this spring1 the sun1 which has not been at large much in recent days1 was permitted to shine on the ,polo ,grounds yesterday4 ,the ,yankees reveled in the sunlight and chalked up their first victory of the season1 beating ,washington by a score of #c to #a4 ,a crowd of more than #bj1jjj people left their umbrellas and raincoats at home and sat in at the ,yankee jubilee4 ,charley ,mullen1 one of the ,yanks' utility men1 was rushed into the fray in the sixth inning as a pinch hitter for ,wallie ,pipp4 ,two runners were riding the bases at the time1 and when ,mullen flayed a single to left he also propelled ,baker and ,gedeon over the plate with the two units which marked the margin of the ,new ,york victory4 ,the ,yankees played just the kind of baseball everybody hoped they would and that was just a bit better than the best ,washington had to offer4 ,a lot of people from the ,edison ,company who know ,first ,baseman ,judge of the ,washington club well enough to call him ,joe1 presented him with a diamond ring4 ,judge used to play with the ,edison team before he took to the merry life of a professional4 ,judge shattered baseball tradition after modestly taking the gift by going in and playing a fine game1 fielding well and knocking out a clean hit4 ,most players after receiving a present at a ball game can be counted on to strike out4 ,among the more or less prominent people present was the man for whom ,diogenes1 a former resident of ,greece1 has long been looking4 ,there was no doubt about his being the object of the quest of ,diogenes because when a ball was fouled into the grand stand and he caught it1 he threw it back into the field instead of hiding it in his pocket4 ,ray ,fisher1 who gave up his life unselfishly to teaching school up in ,vermont until he found how much money there was in tossing a curved ball1 did the twirling for the ,yankees and on the few occasions when he was in trouble his teammates came to his support like a rich uncle4 ,in the fourth inning it looked as if ,fisher was about to take the elevator for the thirty-sixth floor1 but ,frank ,baker came to his aid and yanked him out of trouble4 ,it was this way3 ,judge1 first man up in the fourth1 singled to center4 ,shanks was hit on the wrist and ,jamieson laid a bunt half an inch from the third base line1 filling the bases4 ,henry spun a teaser right in front of the plate and ,nunamacher made a quick play by grabbing the ball and forcing ,judge out as he was about to score4 ,the base line circuit was still playing to ,s4 ,r4 ,o4 ,mc,bride rapped a hopper down back of third base4 ,baker reached out his bare hand1 nabbed the ball1 touched third and forced ,jamieson4 ,he relayed the ball over to first in time to double up ,mc,bride1 and ,fisher was saved from a serious attack of heart failure4 ,that was only one of three double plays the ,yankees staged for ,fisher's welfare4 ,harry ,harper1 a southpaw from ,hackensack1 ,n4 ,j41 pitched for ,washington until the ,yankees went to the front in the sixth1 and then he was succeeded by ,francesco ,gallia1 who hails from ,mexico or thereabouts4 ,the ,yankees threatened damage in the first inning4 ,after ,maisel had fanned1 ,gilhooley was safe on ,morgan's fumble and ,magee sent him to second with a single4 ,baker lifted a high fly to right field1 and after the catch ,gilhooley raced to third and was safe by half an inch4 ,gedeon fouled to first for the third out4 ,the ,senators got their run in the second4 ,with one down1 ,jamieson was safe on ,baker's high throw over first1 the runner traveling to second4 ,henry died at first1 and ,mc,bride punched a two-bagger to right center1 which sent ,jamieson home4 ,the ,yankees tied the score in the next inning1 when1 with two out1 ,magee walked4 ,baker and ,gedeon started a double steal4 ,it looked as if ,gedeon would be a sure out at second1 but he got back to first safely4 ,pipp ended the fun by fanning4 ,in the sixth ,baker singled to left1 and ,gedeon placed a ,texas leaguer back of first1 which none of the ,senator fielders reached4 ,baker was late in starting for second1 and ,jamieson made a bad throw to catch him1 so both runners advanced a cushion4 ,mullen1 batting for ,pipp1 cudgeled the ball to left1 and ,baker and ,gedeon counted4 ,that was all1 and it was plenty to win4 ,the score3 ,,new ,,york ,,washington ,,ab ,r ,h ,,po ,a ,,ab ,r ,h ,,po ,a ,maisel1 cf4 #c #j #j #d #j ,morg'n1 #b;b4 #c #j #j #c #b ,gil'hy1 rf4 #d #j #j #a #j ,fost'r1 #c;b4 #d #j #b #j #a ,magee1 lf4 #c #a #b #b #j ,milan1 cf4 #d #j #j #b #j ,baker1 #c;b4 #c #a #a #b #c ,judge1 #a;b4 #d #j #a #h #j ,ged'n1 #b;b4 #d #a #c #e #c ,sh'nks1 lf4 #c #j #j #a #j ,pipp1 #a;b4 #b #j #j #h #j ,jam's'n rf4 #d #a #a #a #j ,mul'n1 #a;b4 #b #j #a #c #j ,henry1 c4 #b #j #j #e #a ,p'k'gh1 ss4 #d #j #j #a #d ,m',b'de1 ss4 #c #j #a #a #a ,nu'ker1 c4 #b #j #j #a #a ,harper1 p4 #b #j #a #j #a ,fisher1 p4 #c #j #j #j #b ,wil'ms1 c4 #a #j #j #c #a ----------- ,johnson#bf #a #j #j #j #j ----------- ,total #cj #c #g #bg #ac ,total #ca #a #f #bd #g #bf ,batted for ,gallia in ninth inning4 ,errors--,morgan1 ,milan1 ,jamieson1 ,baker4 ,washington #j #a #j #j #j #j #j #j #j--a ,new ,york #j #j #a #j #j #b #j #j #j--c ,two-base hits--,mc,bride1 ,harper1 ,foster4 ,stolen base--,gedeon4 ,double plays--,gedeon and ,pipp2 ,baker and ,pipp2 ,peckinpaugh and ,gedeon4 ,left on bases--,new ,york1 #g2 ,washington1 #f4 ,first base on errors--,new ,york1 #a2 ,washington1 #a4 ,bases on balls--,off ,fisher1 #b2 off ,harper1 #c2 off ,gallia1 #a4 ,hits and earned runs--,off ,harper1 #f hits1 #c runs in six innings2 off ,gallia1 #a hit in two innings4 ,hit by ,pitcher--,fisher1 7,shanks74 ,struck out--,by ,fisher1 #a2 by ,harper1 #d2 by ,gallia1 #b4 ,umpires--,messrs4 ,owens and ,connolly4 ,time of game--,two hours and eleven minutes4#bg #bg ,new ,york ,times1 ,april #af1 #aiaf4 ,worth noting particularly in this story is the regulation style of indicating the lineup and the score at the end4 ,the writer's originality of expression and his happy choice of individual incidents also add greatly to the interest of the story4 ,the lead1 for instance1 is unusually good4 #bch4 ,football4--,the following is a typical football story3 ,,army ,,defeats ,,navy ,it was just as the gray cloaked lads from ,west ,point chanted in lugubrious measure before the game3 ,go-oo-od ,night1 ,nayvee6 ,go-oo-od ,night1 ,navy6 ,go-oo-od ,night--,na-ay-ve-ee6 ,the ,army wins to-day6 ,they put into the chorus all the pathos1 all the long-sustained notes1 all the tonsorial-parlor chords of which it is capable1 and those1 as you know1 are many4 ,and the ,army boys1 sitting in a fog which in hue just about matched their capes and caps1 called the turn correctly with their vocal prediction4 ,it was ,good ,night1 ,navy6 to the tune of #ad points to #j4 ,the youngsters from the west bank of the ,upper ,hudson were triumphant in their twentieth annual battle with the midshipmen from ,annapolis by two touchdowns and their concomitant goals1 one in the first period of play1 the other in the third4 ,the count of games now stands ten for the ,army1 nine for the ,navy1 and one tie4 ,president ,wilson1 in a topper that got wet1 and with a beaming face that was sprinkled with mist and raindrops1 watched the fight and stayed until the final wild whoop from the last departing cadet had sounded through the semi-darkness that fell upon the ,polo ,grounds along toward #d3cj p4m4 ,mrs4 ,edith ,bolling ,galt1 who soon is to be ,mrs4 ,wilson1 was present with her winsome smile and her white furs and her lavender orchids--fortunately1 you could see her even through the haze--by the ,president's side4 ,and then there were some forty thousand others1 whose ranks in life ranged down from cabinet officers and generals and admirals to ordinary civilians1 who dug as deep--some of them--as #bj a seat for the privilege4 ,yet1 do you suppose that ,president ,wilson or any official was the hero of the day8 ,we are as loyal a ,democrat as anybody else1 but ,,no4 ,or do you fancy that the former belle of ,wytheville1 ,va41 who is within the month to be the ,first ,lady of the ,land1 was the person toward whom all eyes were directed during most of the afternoon8 ,there were considerable numbers of field glasses focused upon the white furs and the lavender orchids and winsome smile4 ,but again the reply is emphatically ,,no4 ,the leading character1 the person who ought to figure away up in the top of the headlines1 the one whose name was spoken more frequently than any other1 was a rough1 rugged1 short1 stocky1 right half-back named ,elmer ,oliphant1 who1 according to ,army statistics1 is twenty-two years old1 stands #e feet #g inches in altitude1 weighs #afc pounds1 and hails from ,indiana4 ,ollie was the boy4 ,before the first period of the game was more than half over1 there was a fumble by a ,navy back and an ,army man fell upon the ball only eight yards away from the goal line of the midshipmen4 ,there was the crash of an ,army back against the ,navy line1 and just a little weakening4 ,there was another impact of a cadet against a wall that was almost but not quite solid4 ,there remained about two or three yards to go4 ,ollie was hurled in4 ,he took the ball1 sought coolly for the weakest spot he might find in a line that was almost impregnable at the moment1 and then1 instantly finding what he wanted1 twisted his way backward through left tackle and fell across the chalk mark for a touchdown4 ,the way the rest of the ,army boys sank their fists into ,ollie's broad back when he got up1 you'd have thought he'd be in no shape for any other position than lying flat upon a stretcher4 ,but he came calmly away from the tumult of congratulation1 and as soon as he could kick the mud from between his shoe-cleats he booted the ball over the cross-bar for a goal4 ,throughout the rest of that period1 and throughout all the next1 we may skip ,ollie4 ,all he did was run around ends for distances varying from five to twenty yards1 and plunge through the ,annapolis line with from two to four men attached to his neck1 arms1 legs and back1 and tear up1 despite these handicaps1 more earth than one of those tractor ploughs the ,flivver ,man is going to put on the market after he settles the ,european war4 ,jump to the third session of the game4 ,this was scarcely under way before a long forward pass from the ,navy was grabbed on the ,annapolis #de-yard line by ,mc,ewen1 the agile ,west ,point center4 ,he ran it back twenty-five yards and when the ball finally came to rest on the muddy field with half a dozen ,middies piled atop of ,mac1 it reposed just back of the ,navy goal-line4 ,gray dominated throughout the day1 physically as well as sentimentally4 ,if ever there was a sodden1 cheerless1 disheartening afternoon for the battle of the two arms of the service1 yesterday was the one4 ,luck is with the boys1 usually4 ,the golden sunshine usually glints off the gold of braid and buttons4 ,the nicest looking girls that ever assembled within the confines of any particular area of space turn out and smile and put lofty notes into the atmosphere with their giddy gowns and hats4 ,there's snap and verve and pepperino in the very air4 ,but for the first time in a long while the weather forbade all this sort of thing yesterday4 ,from early morning a fog-blanket1 wafted in from the ,atlantic1 hung over the town4 ,now and then it rained4 ,and when you thought maybe it would clear off it rained again4 ,the good old golosh was brought out of the spare bedroom closet and placed upon even the fairest of feet4 ,the old brown raincoat was dragged forth into the light of day and placed above the gayest of garments4 ,no girl was so foolish as to take a chance on the ruin of her apparel by doing without a moisture shedder of some sort4 ,and not a general or admiral or member of a governor's staff or other person holding the right to wear a uniform was so intensely proud as to expose his ornamentation uncovered and take a risk at pneumonia4 ,it was1 as a matter of fact1 a pretty drab-looking crowd that began to file into the ,polo grounds a little after noon4 ,you can't get much local color out of a gum shoe and a mackintosh4444 ,the ,game ,play by ,play ,it was #b4ae when the navy squad ploughed through the mud to the center of the gridiron4 ,the ,navy stands upheaved and the midshipmen sent their battle cry ringing across the field4 ,almost on the heels of the ,navy squad came the ,army players and a great shout went up from the ,army stands4 ,each team ran through signals for a few minutes and then the ,navy won the toss and chose the east goal4 ,coffin put the ball into play at #b3bj when he kicked off to the ,navy4 ,craig caught the ball on his #be-yard line and ran it back ten yards before he was hurled into the mud4 ,davis tore off seven yards through the right side of the ,army line and ,westphal skirted the ,army's left end for ten yards and a first down4 ,here the ,army forwards held and crushed the ,navy back a yard4 ,on the next down the midshipmen punted1 but gained only five yards4 ,oliphant tried an end run from a kick formation1 but failed to gain1 and the ,army punted1 ,coffin driving the ball to the ,navy's #dc-yard line4 ,westphal fought a path for five yards1 but then the ,army defense held1 and ,von ,heimberg kicked to ,gerhardt on the ,army's #aj-yard line4 ,the cadet quarterback flashed back thirty yards before he was driven out of bounds and brought to earth4 ,a stab at the line failed to gain for the cadets and ,coffin punted to ,craig4 ,the ball sailed far down the field and the ,navy quarterback had to run back a few yards to get under it4 ,but he did not get back quite far enough4 ,as the ball dropped he saw he had misjudged it and threw his arms up to grasp the pigskin4 ,his fingers clutched at it1 slipped off1 and the ball dropped to the gridiron as the ,army forwards swooped down the field4 ,capt4 ,weyand was in the lead and his greedy fingers snatched the ball before ,craig could get his bearings4 ,it was the ,army's ball and only eight yards from a touchdown4 ,the midshipmen chorused to the ,navy line to hold4 ,and the line did its best1 but its best was not good enough to throw back the ,army's battering attack4 ,oliphant jammed his way two yards and on the next play drove through the desperately fighting ,navy line within a few feet of the goal line4 ,here the ,navy showed a flash of power that sent the midshipmen to frenzied shouting4 ,oliphant on his third smash into the line was hurled back for a yard loss4 ,the next try made the fourth down and with the cadet band blaring and the cadets shouting themselves hoarse ,oliphant made his fourth drive against the ,navy forwards4 ,it was a lunge that carried the concentrated power of the ,army eleven yards behind it and it spelled a touchdown for the cadets4 ,oliphant with several ,navy players clutching him stormed well over the line for the first score of the game4 ,he promptly kicked the goal from touchdown and the scoreboard read3 ,army #g1 ,navy #j4 ,this was the signal for the ,army to break into the song1 ,good ,night1 ,navy4 ,they were still singing when ,coffin kicked off for the ,army4444#bh #bh ,joseph ,j4 ,o',neil in the ,new ,york ,world1 ,november #bh1 #aiae4 ,this story may be examined critically--and imitated--for its excellence in centering the reader's interest upon the football hero1 ,oliphant1--a stroke which gives the article almost a short story unity of impression4 ,the writer's shift from the game and the crowd to ,oliphant is somewhat rough--note1 for instance1 ,we are as loyal a ,democrat as anybody else1 but ,,no1--but otherwise the story is good4 #bci4 ,getting ,players' ,names4--,when reporting a football game1 one can best follow and take notes on the plays by knowing the players by number4 ,in big games this is made easy by the numerals on the football men's backs4 ,on the smaller elevens this is not done1 a difficulty which the reporter can overcome1 however1 by numbering the positions according to the regulation lineup4 ,thus3 #e4,,le ,,re4#aa #b4,,lhb #f4,,lt ,,rt4#aj ,,rhb4#c #g4,,lg ,,rg4 #i #a4;,,fb #d4,,qb #h4 ,c ,c4 #h ,,qb4#d ,,fb4#a #i4,,rg ,,lg4 #g #c4,,rhb #aj4,,rt ,,lt4 #f ,,lhb4#b #aa4,,re ,,le4 #e ,then in taking running notes during the game1 one has to write only1 #d around #e #aj yds41 #b through #g-h to #bj-yd4 line1 etc41 filling in the names of the players after each half4 #bdj4 ,basket-ball4--,the accepted method of reporting a basket-ball game is much like that of football4 ,because in basket-ball the scores run high and the relative standings of the opposing teams are constantly shifting1 it is customary in detailed accounts to give the exact score of each team at the end of every quarter4 ,the following is a terse story of a game3 ,,boys' ,,high ,,wins ,,city ,,title ,the ,boys' ,high ,school captured the city basketball championship of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league by defeating the ,bushwick ,high ,school on the former's court yesterday by a score of #ah to #ag4 ,it was the second defeat sustained by ,bushwick1 the other reverse being administered by ,eastern ,district1 which1 however1 was downed by ,boys' ,high4 ,the ending was a sad one for the ,bushwick team4 ,the ,bushwick team showed good sportsmanship by failing to enter a protest when it was alleged that the final whistle was blown ten seconds too soon4 ,the matter was put before ,mr4 ,aldinger1 the referee1 who decided the game officially ended4 ,boys' ,high came through with a strong finish4 ,at the opening of the game it scored four points before ,bushwick finally entered the scoring column4 ,the game was bitterly fought until the end of the first half1 which found ,boys' ,high holding an average of #f to #d4 ,in the second half ,bushwick launched an attack that soon placed it in front by a score of #ae to #i4 ,boys' ,high then carried the fight into the enemy territory1 and1 with successive field goals by ,bolotovsky1 ,gindee and ,bonoff1 the score was tied at #ae-;all4 ,the score then seesawed until ,bolotovsky shot the winning point with a free goal from the foul line4 ,the line-up follows3 ,,boys' ,,high ,,bushwick ,fd4g ,fl4g4 ,p4 ,fd4g ,fl4g4 ,p4 ,bolotovsky1 rf #d #d #ab ,robinson1 rf #b #j #d ,gindee1 lf #a #j #b ,edelstein1 lf #b #c #g ,bonoff1 c #b #j #d ,cherry1 c #c #j #f ,brown1 rg #j #j #j ,dorff1 rg #j #j #j ,ratner1 lg #j #j #j ,billig1 lg #j #j #j ---------- ---------- ,totals #g #d #ah ,totals #g #c #ag ,referee--,aldinger1 ,h4 ,s4 of ,commerce4 ,time of halves1 #ae minutes each4#bi #bi ,new ,york ,tribune1 ,march #d1 #aiag4 ,in reporting a basket-ball game it is difficult to record the plays accurately unless one knows the contestants or they are numbered4 ,the men shift their positions too quickly and constantly4 ,to be accurate1 the reporter should have a seat next to the scorer or else between two students or friends of the opposing players1 so that whichever side makes a basket or an error1 the reporter can get the player's name instantly4 #bda4 ,track4--,reporting a track meet is easier than baseball1 football1 or basket-ball since the events are run off slowly and all the results are announced to the grandstand4 ,the following story of the #aiag meet of the ,intercollegiate ,association of ,america at ,philadelphia is a good illustration3 ,,records ,,made ,,at ,,indoor ,,meet ,cornell and ,yale1 as usual1 shared the top honors at the third annual indoor track and field meet of the ,intercollegiate ,association of ,america1 held last night before a crowd of #f1jjj persons at the ,commercial ,museum in this city4 ,the feature event of the early part of the program was a three-lap relay race between the ,ithacans1 ,pennsylvania and ,state ,college4 ,crim1 who ran anchor for ,cornell over the last #ech yards1 beat ,scudder1 of ,penn1 by an inch1 the ,quaker falling under the tape exhausted4 ,in this event ,cornell hung up a new record for the collegiate indoor meets by covering the three laps in four minutes1 twenty seconds1 two seconds better than last year1 when ,penn won4 ,in the six-lap relay race1 where each of the men ran #ajef yards1 ,yale romped home an easy winner1 ,john ,overton beating ,marion ,shields1 of ,penn ,state1 with yards to spare4 ,pennsylvania1 the third team entered1 finished in that position4 ,yale sent an army of star timber-toppers down for the fifty-yard high hurdle event4 ,john ,v4 ,farwell1 captain of the ,eli's track team1 equaled the ,american amateur indoor record by covering the distance in seven seconds4 ,richards1 of ,cornell1 won individual honors in the sixteen-pound shot-put with a throw of #db feet1 #h-c_/aj inches1 while ,cornell's team average was #dj feet1 #b-c_/aj inches4 ,the ,cornell entries in the late events swept everything before them4 ,coach ,jack ,moakley's long-distance runners won the twelve-lap relay in the fast time of #bb minutes1 #g-b_/e seconds1 beating last year's record of #bc minutes1 #ac-d_/e seconds4 ,the ,ithacans also cleaned up in the running broad jump with a team average of #bj feet1 #i and #a_/af inches4 ,culbertson carried off the individual honors with a leap of #ba feet1 #c and #c_/d inches4 ,the graduate relay race proved the most interesting event on the card4 ,when the anchor men of ,penn1 ,dartmouth1 and ,cornell started on the last four laps ,riley1 of ,dartmouth1 was leading ,ted ,meredith by fifteen yards1 with ,caldwell1 the former ,ithacan1 trailing five yards in the rear of ,meredith4 ,penn's former captain brought the crowd to its feet by overtaking ,riley in the last ten yards4 ,no time was taken4 ,summaries3 ,three-lap relay race--,won by ,cornell 7,shelton1 ,windnagle1 ,acheson1 ,crim72 second1 ,penn 7,lennon1 ,walker1 ,dorsey1 ,scudder72 third1 ,penn ,state 7,whiting1 ,krall1 ,enoch1 ,cottom74 ,time1 #d min41 #bj sec4 7,new indoor collegiate record74 #ej-yard hurdles--,won by ,yale 7,rodman1 ,davis1 ,offutt and ,farwell71 #ad points2 second1 ,cornell 7,j4 ,m4 ,watt1 ,cleminshaw1 ,pratt and ,elsas71 #aj points2 third1 ,princeton 7,crawford1 ,h4 ,r4 ,watt1 ,erdman1 and ,buzby71 #f points4 ,six-lap relay--,won by ,yale 7,rolfe1 ,ireland1 ,cooper and ,overton72 second1 ,penn ,state 7,shea1 ,foster1 ,whiting and ,shields72 third1 ,pennsylvania 7,norriss1 ,price1 ,scudder and ,humphreys74 ,time1 #i min41 #ei-d_/e sec4 #af-pound shot-put--,won by ,cornell 7,richards1 #db ft4 #h-c_/aj in42 ,gillies1 #ci ft4 #aa-a_/b in42 ,howell1 #da ft4 #e in42 ,schoof1 #cf ft4 #aj-g_/h in471 team average1 #dj ft4 #b-c_/aj in42 second1 ,princeton 7,sinclaire1 #dd ft4 #i-a_/b in42 ,cleveland #da ft4 #a-c_/h in42 ,nourse1 #cd ft4 #h in42 ,ginnert #ce ft4 #a-a_/d in471 team average1 #ch ft4 #f-h_/aj in42 third1 ,penn 7,wray1 #cj ft4 #aj-a_/d in42 ,paul1 #cb ft4 #c-c_/d in42 ,royer1 #ca ft4 #e-e_/h in42 ,swann1 #cb ft4 #b-c_/d in471 team average1 #ca ft4 #f-e_/aj in4 ,running broad jump--,won by ,cornell 7,culbertson1 #ba ft4 #c-c_/d in42 ,richards1 #ba ft4 #a_/b in42 ,shackelton1 #bj ft4 #aj-a_/b in42 ,harrison1 #ai ft4 #i-a_/b in471 team average1 #bj ft4 #i-a_/af in42 second1 ,pennsylvania 7,jones1 #bj ft4 #aj-c_/d in42 ,bertolet1 #bj ft4 #g in42 ,buckholtz1 #bj ft4 #a_/b in42 ,walter #ai ft4 #i in471 team average1 #bj ft4 #c-ac_/af in4 ,no third team4#cj #cj ,philadelphia ,public ,ledger1 ,march #d1 #aiag4 #bdb4 ,golf4--,in reporting golf matches probably the best method is to lead with rather a full summary--a half-dozen paragraphs if necessary--telling the results1 the character of the playing1 the kind of weather1 the condition of the links1 and something about the competitors1 then to follow with a detailed story of the game hole by hole4 ,in the following story note that the length1 the par1 and the relative standing of the players is given on each hole4 ,note too that a numerical summary is made every nine holes4 ,,evans ,,wins ,,great ,,match ,charles ,evans1 ,jr41 of the ,edgewater ,golf ,club1 twice winner of the ,western amateur golf championship1 to-day defeated ,ned ,sawyer of the ,wheaton ,golf ,club #b and #a in the semi-final match for the great ,all-,western title4 ,to-morrow ,evans will meet in the #cf-;hole finals ,james ,standish1 ,jr41 of the ,detroit ,golf ,club1 whom he defeated for the same title last year at the ,kent ,country ,club4 ,standish won his way into the finals by defeating ,h4 ,p4 ,bingham1 of the ,mayfield ,club1 to-day in a lop-sided contest1 the match ending on the thirtieth green1 #g and #f4 ,the ,evans-,sawyer duel to-day was a grueling struggle and from all points one of the greatest in the history of the ,western classic4 ,it sparkled like carbonated water as compared with the rather flat matches of yesterday4 ,fought in balmy weather under almost perfect conditions1 the contest afforded1 from start to finish1 plenty of thrills to the gallery of #b1jjj followers4 ,old timers conceded it the best match ever fought on ,ohio soil4 ,each player had #gd in the morning1 while ,evans had approximately #gb in the afternoon4 ,fourteen of the thirty-five holes were won under par figures1 ten were won at par1 and two were ties under par1 leaving only two holes at which both players were really ragged4 ,sawyer shot remarkably fine golf in the out round of the morning and at the tenth hole was #d up1 but from this point ,evans began to whittle down the lead4 ,although ,chick got on even terms four times1 it was not until the sixteenth hole in the afternoon that he led1 and the next hole saw him winner4 ,the score by holes follows3 ,scores by ,holes ,hole #a 7#che yds41 par #d74 ,sawyer pulled his drive into a trap from which he dug only to drop into another at the left of the green4 ,his chip shot hit the bank and he was just on the green in #d4 ,evans was #fj feet from the pin on his second1 but his weak approach putt gave him a #e4 ,sawyer took three putts and counted a #g for the first hole4 ,evans #a up4 ,hole #b 7#caj yds41 par #d74 ,evans pulled his tee shot1 but got a fair lie4 ,his approach pitch was short4 ,sawyer got #bej yards on his drive1 pitched eight feet short1 and holed an uphill putt for a win1 #c-d4 ,all square4 ,hole #c 7#dde yds41 par #e74 ,two wonderful wooden shots landed ,sawyer eight feet from the pin1 where he missed his putt for a #c and kicked the ball in for a #d1 one under par4 ,evans pulled his drive to the rough from which he made a woeful pull with his cleek to the weeds guarding the right of the fairway4 ,he was #bj yards short of the green on his third and lost1 #e-d4 ,sawyer #a up4 ,hole #d 7#agj yds41 par #c74 ,this hole was halved in #c1 the features being ,sawyer's #cj-;foot1 downhill putt and ,chick's miss of a two-foot putt4 ,sawyer #a up4 ,hole #e 7#cbe yds41 par #d74 ,evans was wild again from the tee1 his drive being sliced to the brook where he got a lie on the slaty bottom4 ,he banged out a high shot with his niblick1 but went over the green to the rough and was short on his return4 ,sawyer was fifteen feet from the hole on his second and won1 #d-e4 ,sawyer #b up4 ,hole #f 7#eae yds41 par #e74 ,from the high sixth tee ,evans pulled a low drive to the trees4 ,he made a great out with his mashie1 being lucky in escaping the trees4 ,sawyer lined out two of his regulation wooden shots and was twelve feet from the flag on his second4 ,evans heeled his long mashie shot to the right of the green1 from which he missed his four and conceded the hole1 ,sawyer being dead in #c4 ,sawyer #c up4 ,hole #g 7#caj yds41 par #d74 ,evans left his unruly driver in the bag and played a cleek shot for the seventh hole1 ,sawyer outdriving him forty yards4 ,chick's pitch took a bad bound1 but stopped eight feet from the hole4 ,sawyer's pitch ran entirely across the green4 ,evans's putt just trickled into the cup1 winning for him1 #c-d4 ,sawyer #b up4 ,hole #h 7#ade yds41 par #c74 ,both pitched to the green4 ,sawyer putted dead and laid ,evans a dead stymie4 ,in attempting the five-foot slanting putt1 ,chick knocked ,sawyer's ball into the hole1 losing #b-d4 ,sawyer #c up4 ,hole #i 7#dce yds41 par #e74 ,both got straight drives into a driving wind at the long ninth4 ,two perfectly played iron shots met with unmerited punishment1 both balls touching the top of the hill and running over the fast green into a trap4 ,both missed rainbow putts for fours and halved in #e4 ,sawyer #c up at the turn4 ,cards3 ,evans #e #d #e #c #e #e #c #d #e--ci ,sawyer #g #c #d #c #d #d #d #b #e--cf #bdc4 ,tennis4--,in reporting tennis matches one may use the following as an acceptable guide4 ,the summary by sets at the end of the story in all probability was obtained from the scorer4 ,,johnston ,,wins ,,championship ,william ,m4 ,johnston inscribed his name upon the classic national tennis singles championship most impressively yesterday1 using a forehand stroke that left no dispute as to his right to the title4 ,the young player1 who two seasons ago was hailed as the successor to ,maurice ,e4 ,mc,loughlin1 made good the prediction by the score of #a-f1 #f-j1 #g-e1 #aj-h1 while thousands cheered the vanquished ,mc,loughlin and the new holder of the highest honors of the ,american courts4 ,it was a memorable battle and an inspiring scene at the climax on the field of the ,west ,side ,tennis ,club1 at ,forest ,hills1 ,l4,i41 when the two men fighting for a sporting honor1 and fighting with all that was in them1 almost collapsed at the end1 and hoisted on the shoulders of their comrades1 with the cheers of the #g1jjj spectators ringing in their ears1 were carried from the field4 ,while the homage paid to ,johnston for winning one of the greatest matches the ,all ,comers' tournament has ever known in its thirty-five years was sincere and true1 still on all sides there was regret that ,mc,loughlin1 the hero who overwhelmed ,norman ,e4 ,brooks and the late ,anthony ,f4 ,wilding in the great ,davis ,cup matches last year1 would not have the permanent possession of the ,all ,comers' ,cup on which his name is twice inscribed4 ,it was not the same ,mc,loughlin who stood in the court yesterday that overwhelmed the famous ,australasians a year ago4 ,time had taken something from his game1 and as ever youth must be served4 ,in this instance it fairly leaped to its reward4 ,except for the first set and the briefest of intervals thereafter1 ,johnston was always the master of his mighty adversary4 ,he knew the game of his opponent1 and as in the ancient days when ,greek met ,greek1 it was the dynamic power1 resourcefulness1 and stroke of ,californian against ,californian1 with no quarter asked or given4 ,two months before the two had played for the ,exposition championship at ,san ,francisco1 and at that time ,mc,loughlin had carried the match and title after five of the hardest sets which the tournament produced4 ,then ,the ,comet was on his old field of asphalt with the ball bounding so high that he could bring off his overhanders and where such a thing as ground strokes were unknown4 ,probably never in all the years of the historic ,all ,comers has a player displayed such phenomenal command of the ball with a forehand stroke4 ,there were many competent judges present yesterday who declared that its equal was not to be found on the courts anywhere4444 ,it was a stroke that stood the test1 for no less than eight times in the fourth set was ,johnston within a point of claiming the ,all ,comers as his own when ,mc,loughlin made thrilling stands as of old1 and pushed the victory on a little further4 ,when he moved up to the net in the ever-flashing rallies all the power and certainty of ,johnston's forehand came into action4 ,alert1 with the eye of an eagle that saw every move and the flight of the ball as ,mc,loughlin drove it at him with all his might1 the younger player whipped the returns into the corners4 ,he was like a cat on his feet1 quick and sure1 never making a false move4 ,there were times when he nipped the best drives that the ,comet sent over1 and turned them back for passes4 ,repeatedly ,mc,loughlin overhanded the ball for what to him seemed a certain ace1 so that he relaxed and dropped his racquet to rest1 as if the point were finished4 ,johnston made his recovery1 however1 and sending the ball back found ,mc,loughlin off his guard and so scored the point4 ,the cross volleys into the corners1 the spots that had proved so profitable against ,williams on the previous day1 were the chief bit of manoeuvring that electrified the crowd4 ,as ,johnston played it1 it was as irresistible as trying to check the march of time4 ,he sent the ball into the left-hand corner of ,mc,loughlin's court like a bolt of chain lightning4 ,in order to play the ball with any success ,mc,loughlin usually danced around it for a forehand shot1 which put him wide of the court4 ,calmly stepping in to meet it1 ,johnston crossed with ever-increasing pace into the opposite corner4 ,it was run1 run1 run for ,mc,loughlin if he wanted the ball4 ,he was on the defensive1 and it was a position1 as in all of his matches1 in which he does not scintillate4 ,so relentlessly was the younger player forcing the former champion and veteran that1 even when he had glowing opportunities to make the point1 ,mc,loughlin put his racquet to the ball too soon1 and so piled up a total of #db nets and #ch outs1 as compared to #cg nets and #bf outs for his rival4 ,that was chiefly where the difference stood1 for on actual earned points by placement ,johnston only had a tally of #ec to #ea for the ,comet4444 ,first ,set ,points ,games ,johnston #b #j #c #j #e #d #b--af #a ,mc,loughlin #d #d #e #d #c #f #d--cj #f ,double ,aces ,places ,nets ,outs ,faults ,johnston #f #h #aa #ab #f ,mc,loughlin #i #aj #i #g #a ,second ,set ,points ,games ,johnston #d #d #e #d #f #d--bg #f ,mc,loughlin #b #b #c #j #d #j--aa #j ,double ,aces ,places ,nets ,outs ,faults ,johnston #c #h #c #d #j ,mc,loughlin#ca #c #b #e #f #a #ca ,new ,york ,times1 ,september #h1 #aiae4 #bdd4 ,boxing ,matches4--,news stories of boxing matches are but a combination of the methods of writing football games and golf matches4 ,the first part of the story of a boxing contest should be a full general account of the fight1 the fighters1 the character of the boxing1 the weight1 height1 and reach of the pugilists1 their methods of attack and defense1 the crowd1 total and individual receipts1 the exact time of the beginning and end of the fight1 etc4 ,the second part1 like the golf report1 should be a detailed running story of the fight by rounds4 ,the following story of the ,willard-,moran match at ,new ,york in #aiae may be examined as an example3 ,,willard ,,wins ,,on ,,points ,jess ,willard1 the heavyweight champion pugilist of the world1 hammered and pounded ,frank ,moran of ,pittsburgh for ten rounds in crowded ,madison ,square ,garden last night1 but with his advantage of fifty pounds in weight1 six inches in height1 and six inches in reach1 the ,herculean ,kansan could not knock out the courageous ,pittsburgh boxer4 ,willard had every advantage throughout the bout except one flash in the seventh round1 when ,moran1 with teeth set and the fire of anger in his eye1 made a wonderful rally and showered ,willard's jaw with hard blows just before the bell sounded4 ,the champion hit ,moran hard enough and often enough to knock out half a dozen men1 and after the bout he said that the only reason he was forced to let up and not use his famous righthand punch was because he broke his right hand in the second round and was afraid to hit hard after that4 ,it was in whipping a vicious uppercut for the chin that ,willard smashed the hand against ,moran's elbow4 ,at the time1 ,moran was groggy1 and although the seconds in the champion's corner yelled for him to tear in1 ,willard had to stand back4 ,when the champion's glove was removed after the bout1 the hand was badly swollen1 and he was rushed away from the ,garden to be attended by a surgeon4 ,the crowd that witnessed the bout was the largest ever seen at a glove contest here4 ,the ,garden from the floor to the upper gallery was jammed until there was hardly room to stand4 ,although women spectators were encouraged to see the bout1 few responded1 not more than #bjj being seen in the arena boxes4 ,well-known men in all walks of ,new ,york life1 however1 were grouped about in evening clothes1 and gave the boxing match as much tone as a night at the opera4 ,a few of the women spectators wore evening clothes1 but the greater part of them were clad in the smart new spring suits which fill all the city's finery shops4 ,financially the bout was a huge success and a tribute to the enterprise of the ,western promoter1 ,tex ,rickard4 ,the receipts amounted to #aej1jjj4 ,of this ,willard got #eb1fjj1 including #e1ajj for his share of the motion pictures4 ,moran got #bc1ejj for his share4 ,it was an enormous remuneration for both men for their forty minutes in the ring4 ,this first appearance of the new champion in the ring since his defeat of ,johnson in ,havana a year ago had set the town talking1 and prominent men in ,new ,york and other cities did not hesitate to pay #be a seat to see the bout4 ,as ,willard was such an over-ruling favorite the betting was perhaps the lightest ever known in a bout in which a champion has taken part4444 ,it was #i3dj o'clock when ,willard hopped into the ring and got a big cheer4 ,he was soon followed by ,moran1 who had even a greater reception4 ,while the two contestants were waiting nervously in their corners the announcer1 ,joe ,humphries1 had the proudest moment of his career when he gathered the great figures of the fistic world into the same ring4 ,jim ,corbett1 ,bob ,fitzsimmons1 ,kid ,mc,coy1 and ,john ,l4 ,sullivan all stood together and shook hands4 ,the reception to ,john ,l4 must have made the white-haired old man's heart warm1 for the old timers in the crowd who remembered when he could beat anything in the ring cheered him until they were hoarse4 ,in the champion's corner were ,tom ,jones1 ,walter ,monahan1 and ,jack ,hemple4 ,in ,moran's corner were ,willie ,lewis1 ,bill ,mc,kinnon1 and ,frank ,kendall4 ,willard's weight was a big surprise4 ,when he stripped off his green bathrobe the champion weighed #bei pounds1 which was ten pounds more than his handlers said he weighed and twenty pounds more than when he defeated ,johnson in ,cuba4 ,it was just #i3ee when ,old ,eagle ,eye ,charley ,white called the men to the center of the ring and said1 ,be good1 boys1 and break when ,i tell you4 444 ,,the ,,fight ,,by ,,rounds ,first ,round ,the men met in the center of the ring4 ,willard blocked ,moran's left to the head and they clinched4 ,willard missed a right and left that slid off ,moran's shoulder4 ,willard landed lightly with the left to ,moran's face and followed with two more4 ,a left jab was all that ,willard used in the first few moments4 ,then ,moran landed a left to ,willard's chest1 and rushing in close tried to get to his jaw with two blows1 but failed4 ,moran was wary and covered up as he came in on ,willard4 ,he also missed a left swing that was wild by several inches4 ,willard sent a left to ,moran's head that jarred the challenger1 and he tried to come back with blows to ,willard's head1 but failed4 ,moran could not reach the jaw of the champion4 ,willard missed a right lead1 ,moran stepping in close and evading the blow4 ,one blow that ,willard landed clean1 a left to the head1 made ,moran wary4 ,moran could not get any blows to ,willard's face4 ,second ,round ,willard met ,moran three-quarters of the way over the ring and they clinched4 ,moran landed a left to ,willard's head after they broke and then they milled in the center of the ring1 neither doing any particular damage4 ,they were chary of doing work for the next several seconds1 ,willard waiting to have ,moran lead4 ,willard pushed aside ,moran's guard and led with a left to the head which was blocked4 ,willard forced ,moran around the ring and battered him on the head with rights and lefts4 ,the challenger was almost pushed through the ropes4 ,moran missed a left lead that was blocked by ,willard4 ,moran feinted and made a wild hay-making swing that missed4 ,he then struck one blow to ,willard's chest that had little force behind it4 ,moran led with his left and reached ,willard's stomach1 but the champion did not mind the blow seriously4 ,two right swings by ,moran pounded on ,willard's shoulders and the champion retaliated with a light left jab to the face4 ,both were perspiring from the intense heat of the big arc lights4 ,willard seemed to toy with ,moran in this round1 not exerting himself to take the aggressive4444#cb #cb ,new ,york ,times1 ,march #bf1 #aiaf4 #bde4 ,the ,unwholesome in ,boxing ,matches4--,one caution should be given in writing about boxing contests1--the need of presenting the wholesome rather than the unwholesome side4 ,a report of a bout may be written in such a way as to appeal to the barbaric nature of one's readers1 to make them revel in the mere drawing of blood rather than in the skill1 the dexterity1 the generalship of the contestants4 ,the difference is in the reporter's point of view and depends not so much upon accuracy of presentation as upon his purpose to choose those wholesome details that have been successful in retaining pugilism as an ,american sport despite its many undoubted accompanying evils4 ,in the following extract1 for instance1 the appeal is unhealthful2 it savors rather of the ,spanish bull-ring than of a legal sport in the ,united ,states3 ,what a fight it was6 ,one worthy of ,mars himself6 ,the stage setting was complete to the minutest detail4 ,there had been quite enough smashed noses in the preliminaries to whet the appetite for action to its keenest edge4 ,and the main event was put on so quickly after the semi-final that this lust for battle had no chance to cool4 ,moran led with a snappy left hook that drew blood from ,coffey's nose4 ,with this first faint scarlet trickle the gallery gods went wild4 ,a second quick jab gashed an old scar above ,jim's left cheekbone and covered his face with blood1 to the delight of ,frank's friends in the center box4 #bdf4 ,automobile ,races4--,stories of automobile races follow closely the types of sporting news stories already examined4 ,the following may be taken as an illustration3 ,,new ,,world',s ,,record ,,by ,,resta ------------------------------- ,the ,results ,driver ,time ,average ,resta #eh3ed #ajb4he ,cooper #ei3ci #aja4da ,burman #fa3bb #ih4fc ,oldfield ,flagged ------------------------------- ,speedway ,park1 ,aug4 #g4--7,special74--,the world's #ajj-mile speed championship was won by a hood this afternoon--the hood of ,dario ,resta's wonderful ,peugeot4 ,cheers from #ae1jjj throats drowned the roar of the engines as the ,resta ,peugeot and ,earl ,cooper's ,stutz wound up a race unparalleled for thrills and dashed side by side up the home stretch and over the finish line4 ,resta won #bj1jjj4 ,resta smashed ,porporato's record of #ii4je miles an hour on the ,chicago speedway by driving the #ajj miles at an average speed of #ajb4he miles an hour4 ,through the whole hundred miles1 most of which were reeled off at the record breaking clip of #ajd4f miles an hour1 the two leaders were seldom separated by more than a car length4 ,tire trouble early in the race put ,oldfield in his ,delage and ,burman in his ,peugeot out of running4 ,they trailed along in a tremendous effort to overcome the handicap1 but trailers they remained4 ,once1 on the thirty-sixth lap1 it seemed that ,resta had lost4 ,a tire went bad and he was forced to stop4 ,but in just #bf seconds he was on his way again4 ,by that time ,cooper had flitted far in the lead--so far that had he not suffered a similar mishap himself a few laps later1 the game ,italian never could have overtaken him4 ,resta was again in the lead when ,cooper's bad tire was replaced4 ,the cars lined up for the trial lap at #c3cj1 ,oldfield starting first4 ,a roar of cheers from the grandstand greeted ,earl ,cooper in his white ,stutz as he started on the initial parade around the track4 ,fred ,j4 ,wagner1 the man with the red flag1 stood astride the tape and started the cars on their flying race at #c3dd ,p4,m4 ,the ,race by ,laps ,first ,lap4--,resta led in the first lap1 ,cooper second1 ,burman third1 with ,oldfield trailing4 ,second ,lap4--,on the second lap ,resta stretched his lead1 ,cooper closed up on him1 only a car's length behind2 ,burman came third1 with ,oldfield fourth1 a wide interval separating ,burman and ,oldfield from the leading contestants4 ,third ,lap4--,resta was leading1 with ,cooper close behind1 and ,burman third4 ,oldfield brought up the rear4#cc444 #cc ,milwaukee ,journal1 ,august #h1 #aiae4 #bdg4 ,billiards4--,in billiard matches the chief thing to note1 in addition to points already mentioned in other sporting news stories1 is the scoring of the individual runs4 ,if it is necessary to write up the individual innings1 the same style is used as indicated in golf and racing stories4 ,,hoppe ,,outplays ,,yamada ,boston1 ,oct4 #ba4--,willie ,hoppe1 the champion1 led ,koji ,yamada1 his ,japanese challenger1 #a1jjj to #gdc points at the close of their second night's play for the #ad4a balkline billiard championship at ,convention ,hall this evening4 ,yamada's total to-night was #cif4 ,as was the case last night1 both men played carefully1 which accounted for the long time necessary to finish the game4 ,hoppe's high run was #ajd1 and came late in the contest1 his average being #ai #f-bf4 ,yamada's best run was #hb1 and as it came soon after a run of #ge1 it enabled him to take the lead from the ,american for the first time in the match4 ,his average was #ac #bb-be4 ,yamada in the first half of the game gave a pleasing display in which for the first time he showed brilliancy at the masse4 ,hoppe was not up to form during the early innings and got his points only by hard struggle4 ,both players had a good deal of open table shooting to do4 ,the score3 ,hoppe--#di1 #cj1 #b1 #ca1 #c1 #j1 #bb1 #e1 #bc1 #bd1 #d1 #j1 #h1 #j1 #ag1 #g1 #ee1 #j1 #dd1 #aa1 #ajd1 #ca1 #j1 #bd1 #e1 #g--ejj4 ,average1 #ai #f-bf4 ,yamada--#i1 #b1 #a1 #de1 #cj1 #j1 #ge1 #j1 #de1 #d1 #b1 #hb1 #j1 #a1 #ca1 #a1 #j1 #j1 #i1 #b1 #c1 #j1 #a1 #g1 #c--cdg4 ,average1 #ac #bb-be4cd #cd ,atlanta ,constitution1 ,october #bb1 #aiae4 #bdh4 ,obtaining ,information4--,in reporting games and contests one will have little difficulty in obtaining all needed information4 ,tickets are provided gratis and admit always to the best seats1 known as the press seats1 or the press-box1 where all the newspaper men are grouped together4 ,if the contest is an outdoor meet1 the press-box is usually on the top of the bleachers4 ,here are installed telegraph and telephone wires1 the papers often having private wires from their offices to the field4 ,if the wires have not been installed and it is necessary to report between quarters or halves1 or inning by inning1 one should have the local telegraph company provide at least two messengers to take the bulletins as fast as one writes them4 ,and one's notes should be so taken that the bulletins may be given the messengers within a few seconds after it is possible to report4 #bdi4 ,personal ,opinion in ,sporting ,stories4--,on page #afe mention was made of four kinds of sporting news stories1 and the reader's attention was called to the fact that three of the four--those dealing with athletic events before their occurrence1 those dealing with the same events afterward1 and those relating to sports in general--vary somewhat from the normal type of newspaper story4 ,this variance lies in the fact that the three are hybrids1 partaking of the nature of both the pure news story and the editorial4 ,in an earlier chapter we have seen that the purpose of the news story is to present news2 of the editorial1 to interpret4 ,we have seen that the avowed purpose of the editorial is to influence opinion4 ,and so with these three types4 ,they may be either presenters or interpreters of sporting news1 or both4 ,in the following story the writer is bent on telling the lineup of the ,michigan team for the game against ,cornell1 the condition of the men1 etc41 but he is also bent on proving to his readers that ,michigan has a chance to win1--which makes his story half editorial and half news4 ,,michigan ,,has ,a ,,chance ,ann ,arbor1 ,mich41 ,nov4 #e4--7,special74--,we might lead this story with something original and say that both teams were awaiting the whistle4 ,instead1 we will be unique and assert that ,michigan has a chance to win4 ,a victory over ,cornell would make a success of a season that has a good start toward being a failure4 ,michigan's chance for victory depends on its line4 ,there is grave doubt in the minds of some that ,michigan has a line4 ,yost believes it has1 because he has seen his center1 his two guards1 and his two tackles charge and block in practice4 ,he hasn't seen them do anything in games but look sick4 ,but he knows they can do something else and he is wondering if to-morrow will be the day when they prove it to the public and to ,cornell4 ,if the ,michigan line should play tomorrow as it played against the ,aggies and against ,syracuse1 the best back field in the land would be null and void4 ,but if the ,michigan line comes to life1 performs as it has done when ,assistant ,coaches ,schultz1 ,almendinger and ,raynsford were scrimmaging against it and using all the words they knew as lashes to drive it to action1 then ,cornell will find itself up against the toughest foe it has faced this year4 ,yost admits he has a good back field4 ,his combination of one senior1 one junior and one sophomore--,catlett1 ,maulbetsch and ,smith--would1 he believes1 gain acres of ground against any team in the country if the line would give them half a chance4 ,smith1 to be sure1 is in bad shape4 ,he is going to start the game1 but few expect him to last through4 ,bay ,city gave him to ,michigan1 and before he was hurt he showed enough to convince his coach that he has the makings of another ,galt4 ,he is of the versatile type1 and besides being a good ground gainer himself1 he is of great assistance as an interferer and a handy man on defense4 ,he backs up the line when the other side has the ball4 ,at present almost everything ails him1 save possibly barber's itch and the h4 and m4 disease that helped make ,niles famous4 ,maulbetsch1 ,yost says1 is a better defensive man than last year4 ,as for his plunging prowess1 he is probably just as classy as ever1 but a man can't plunge very far when two or three opposing linemen are sitting on him1 as they were in the ,m4 ,a4 ,c4 and ,syracuse games4 ,catlett is a streak of speed1 and since this is his third year of varsity football1 he is playing more intelligently than ever4 ,roehm1 the quarterback1 was one of ,hughitt's understudies last season4 ,he is light1 but fast and willing4 ,thus in the back field we have a good all round man1 a wonderful line plunger1 a speed demon1 and an agile1 hard worker4 ,all of which assets won't be worth a yesterday's transfer unless the line holds4444#ce #ce ,ring ,w4 ,lardner in the ,chicago ,tribune1 ,november #f1 #aiae4 #bej4 ,advance ,stories4--,the details which one may include in advance stories of athletic meets are innumerable4 ,some of the more important particulars1 however1 are predictions of the outcome1 the effect of the contest on future events or on the rank of the teams1 names of the players and the officials1 absence of important men1 opinions of the men1 their trainers1 or their followers1 weak spots in their play1 local or national interest1 time and place of the contest1 ways of reaching the field or grounds1--in fact1 any details that will interest one's readers in the approaching game4 ,such preliminary writeups require good reporters--men who can observe closely and analyze carefully1 and hence can give their readers reasonable predictions of the success of the teams in which they are interested4 ,the following may be taken as a typical preliminary story3 ,,prominent ,,officials ,,at ,,game ,,to-,,day ---------------------------------------- --- ,facts ,about ,to-day's ,football ,game ,teams--,army and ,navy4 ,place--,polo ,grounds4 ,time--#b ,p4,m4 ,corps of ,cadets and ,brigade of ,midshipmen march on the field--#a to #a4cj ,p4,m4 ,weather ,forecast--,fair and warm2 rain late in the afternoon or night4 ,routes to the ,grounds--,eighth and ,ninth ,avenue ,l and ,broadway subway4 ,directions for ,finding ,seats--,on the back of each ticket are printed directions for locating the seats in the various sections4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,when the referee's whistle sends the ,army and ,navy teams charging into each other this afternoon at the ,polo ,grounds1 most of the ,united ,states government officials1 army1 navy and marine corps officers will be gathered in the seats and boxes around the sidelines to cheer #aiae's football season on to its death in the spectacularly most brilliant game of the year4 ,president ,wilson1 doomed again to neutrality1 will divide his time between the ,army and ,navy sides of the field4 ,mrs4 ,galt will arrive with him shortly before #a o'clock on the train which brings besides them one of the largest and most distinguished delegations of government officials1 army and navy officers1 who ever saw an ,army-,navy game4 ,secretary ,garrison will be whooping it up for the ,army on the cadets' side of the field4 ,secretary ,daniels1 reinforced by his twenty-one-year-old son1 will be right there where the ,blue and ,gold of the ,navy waves1 and take it from the ,navy this ,secretary is some rooter when he gets going4 ,secretary ,mc,adoo will be there--but why attempt to name all or many of the prominent folk4 ,cabinet officers1 admirals and generals1 all take a back seat to-day4 ,in the full glare of the limelight stand the twenty-two gridiron fighters from ,west ,point and ,annapolis4 ,to-day there is only one firing line2 it's the chalk-marked field at the ,polo ,grounds4 ,the ,midshipmen arrived here ,thursday and went to the ,vanderbilt yesterday4 ,the ,army team1 coaches1 trainers1 and advance delegation of officers arrived1 making the ,hotel ,astor their headquarters4 ,every train from ,washington1 from ,annapolis1 from ,west ,point1 which pulled into ,new ,york thereafter was packed with ,army and ,navy adherents4 ,and ,broadway was ready with its usual welcome4 ,the ,vanderbilt1 ,astor1 ,waldorf1 ,mc,alpin1 and ,martinique were profusely decorated with the flags and with ,army and ,navy colors4 ,generals met cub lieutenants in the cafs and dining-rooms 7where seats had been reserved both for last night and to-night weeks in advance71 all eager to get some late dope on the game4 ,store fronts were gay with the ,navy ,blue and ,gold and the ,army ,black and ,gold and ,gray2 street hawkers were disposing of the winning colors4 ,new ,york was on its biannual football spree last night4 ,the ,army and ,navy were in town4444 ,betting8 ,well1 as a ,navy man put it1 ,we've got a few iron men with us4 ,yes1 they all came heeled4 ,navy men are asking #b to #a and getting it in spots4 ,but as the hours slipped by and the old ,army-,navy feeling grew1 there was no telling the odds--each man bet as the impulse of the moment prompted him1 anywhere from #c to #a to even money4 ,probable ,line-up ,to-day ,army ,wgt4 ,navy ,wgt4 ,neyland #agj ,l4,e4 ,von ,h'mb'g #ahj ,jones #bjj ,l4,t4 ,ward #agg ,o'hare #aib ,l4,g4 ,kercher #ahe ,mc,ewan #aib ,c4 ,goodstein #agb ,meacham #agf ,r4,g4 ,smith #aii ,weyand #aig ,r4,t4 ,gilman #ahg ,redfield #afc ,r4,e4 ,johnson #afi ,gerhardt #ade ,q4,b4 ,craig #adg ,ford #aga ,l4,h4 ,westphal #ahd ,oliphant #afc ,r4,h4 ,davis #aec ,coffin #afb ,f4,b4 ,martin #afa ,t'l weight #aica lbs4 ,t'l weight #aiad lbs4 ,avg4 wgt41 #age4f lbs4 ,avg4 wgt41 #agd lbs4 ,referee1 ,w4 ,s4 ,langford1 ,trinity2 umpire1 ,f4 ,w4 ,murphy1 ,brown2 field judge1 ,j4 ,a4 ,evans1 ,williams2 head linesman1 ,carl ,marshall1 ,harvard4#cf #cf ,new ,york ,world1 ,november #bg1 #aiaf4 #bea4 ,review ,stories4--,stories written days after a game are generally of an analytical nature1 their purpose being to review the play or contest and explain why one team or contestant was successful and the other a failure1 or why one method of play1 attack1 or defense proved better than others4 ,sometimes1 however1 such stories are merely individual incidents learned late1 but of interest nevertheless to the readers4 ,an analytical story is the following3 ,,new ,,rules ,,upset ,,teams ,with the advent of ,october1 the month which generally ushers in the football seasons1 the defeat of ,yale by ,virginia was one of the most conspicuous cases of the old adage that history will repeat itself in football as well as in any other line of athletic endeavor4 ,in former years supposedly stronger elevens have met with unexpected setbacks from teams which were thought to be only tools in the helpful development of the big elevens for the harder and more important contests to be played later in the season4 ,in the old days of the five-yard rule and mass play1 schedules could be outlined with so much accuracy that a coach or athletic director seldom made mistakes in his schedules4 ,in those days the chart was framed so that each succeeding game would be harder to win4444 ,the teams were sent into the game to test the pet plays of the coaches1 such as the revolving mass on tackle1 hard concentrated attacks on and off the tackles1 with the runner being pushed and pulled by his teammates4444 ,if plays as outlined by the coaches did not make the necessary distances1 then the teams practically settled down to a man to man contest1 and football history records the number of games which ended either in scoreless ties or knotted counts4 ,following this old custom1 the big teams select the opponents who in the old days were easy to beat in the first games4 ,it is true some changes have been made in schedules1 but it is only reasonable to assume that the coach of a large eleven would be foolish to schedule an opening contest with a team which he thought had a chance to beat his own aggregation4 ,using ,yale as an example1 the authorities at ,new ,haven would never have scheduled the ,virginia game unless they thought in their own minds that ,old ,eli would trot off the field an easy winner4 ,on the last ,saturday in ,september the ,blue eleven had an easy time winning from ,maine1 #cg to #j4 ,following the changes in the rules1 coaches nowadays cannot afford to take a chance with any team1 whether they have a heavy1 strong team or a well balanced eleven4 ,the players do not get accustomed to the excitement of actual combat so early in the season1 and the least little thing which goes wrong in their offensive or defensive play will unbalance them for the remainder of the contest4 ,harvard1 last year's eastern champion1 was compelled to play a lot of football to win from the ,massachusetts ,aggies by a single touchdown4 ,had ,percy ,haughton1 the ,crimson coach1 thought his team would experience such a hard game so early in the season1 the contest would not have been listed4 ,the ,crimson eleven1 in other words1 was opposed by a team which had been thoroughly groomed in every department of the game1 the ,aggies apparently realizing what a victory would mean to them4#cg444 #cg ,walter ,h4 ,eckersall in the ,chicago ,tribune1 ,october #aj1 #aiae4 #beb4 ,general ,stories4--,the last type of sporting news story1 that relating to a sport only in a general way1 may be considered briefly4 ,in this type the actual news value is small4 ,the interest of the story lies rather in its informative worth1 the writer's purpose being to present general1 but significant1 facts that will interest followers of the sport4 ,usually it is expository4 ,its nature is well illustrated by the following subjects chosen practically at random3 ,batters in the ,american ,association ,weaker in #aiaf than in #aiae2 ,title ,holders in the ,ring ,play ,safety ,first--,refuse ,long ,battles2 ,tennis ,gaining in ,popularity2 ,is ,baseball a ,back ,number82 ,any ,man ,can ,play ,par ,golf2 ,ty ,cobb's ,place in ,baseball ,history4 ,such stories are valuable in the ,sunday edition1 and in addition to giving general surveys of various sports1 help to interest readers when athletic news is scarce4 ,they are the feature stories of sports4 ,,xvii4 ,,society #bec4 ,what ,society ,news ,is4--,the society editor's work concerns itself with the social and personal news of the city and county in which the paper is published or from which it draws its patronage4 ,it is almost entirely local1 news of the state or of other cities being of value only in so far as it affects women and men of one's own town through former exchanges of courtesy or hospitality1 or for similar causes4 ,nor does it concern itself with the unconventional1 the abnormal4 ,elopements1 clandestine marriages1 unusual engagements1 freakish parties1 and similar extraordinary social and personal news do not come within the sphere of the society editor1 but take regular1 and usually prominent1 places in the news columns4 #bed4 ,difficulty4--,the society editor's work is with the conventional in the local fashionable world1 and for this reason probably no other kind of news demands so consistent care1 discrimination1 and habitual restraint4 ,she--the society editor is practically always a woman--must recognize readily relative social distinctions1 to know what names and functions to feature in her column or section1 and to be able to present the details of those functions acceptably to the various social groups about which and for which she is writing4 ,the latter requisite in particular is difficult4 ,for in attempting to give appreciative accounts of weddings1 dances1 receptions1 she is liable to overstep the narrow limits of conventional usage and make herself ridiculous by extravagance of statement2 or else1 in trying to avoid unnecessary display of enthusiasm1 she is led into use of trite1 colorless words and stock phrases4 ,she must by all means take care not to say that the handsome groom wearing the conventional black and the lovely bride arrayed in a charming creation of white satin consummated their sacred nuptial vows amid banks of fragrant lilies and beautiful1 blushing roses to the melodious strains of ,mendelssohn's entrancing wedding march4 #bee4 ,illustrations4--,the following stories of engagements1 weddings1 dinners1 dances1 receptions1 club meetings1 and charity benefits have been selected at random to show the accepted methods of handling society write-ups4 ,at the end are added a few personal items--personals1 they are generally termed--and a single society review4 ,the restraint and dignity of tone of the stories are worth close study4 ,,engagements ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,george ,a4 ,stewart1 of #caa ,north ,parkside ,avenue1 announce the engagement of their daughter1 ,gladys1 to ,charles ,m4 ,sailor1 a son of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,samuel ,sailor1 of #be ,south ,central ,boulevard4 ,the first debutante of the season to become engaged is ,miss ,bessie ,allen1 daughter of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,george ,osborne ,allen1 whose engagement to ,harry ,o4 ,best was announced ,saturday4 ,mr4 ,best is a son of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,george ,r4 ,best1 of #aca ,east ,fifty-fourth street4 ,he was graduated from ,harvard in #aiac and is a member of the ,knickerbocker ,club of this city1 and also of the ,balustrol ,golf ,club4 ,he is a member of the firm of ,best and ,flom1 #acf ,walker ,street4 ,mr4 ,best is the third in direct line to bear his name1 being a grandson of the late ,george ,r4 ,best1 one of the most noted architects of this city4 ,the wedding will take place in the spring4 ,,wedding ,,announcements ,in the ,church of the ,heavenly ,rest on ,tuesday afternoon at #c3cj will be celebrated the wedding of ,miss ,doris ,ryer1 daughter of ,mrs4 ,fletcher ,ryer of ,san ,francisco1 ,cal41 to ,stanhope ,wood ,nixon1 son of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,lewis ,nixon4 ,the wedding ceremony will be witnessed by a large number of relatives and friends from ,california and several of the principal ,eastern cities where the families of both the bride and her fianc are prominent4 ,gov4 ,charles ,s4 ,whitman is to act as ,miss ,ryer's sponsor and will give her away4 ,miss ,phyllis de ,young1 daughter of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,michael ,h4 de ,young of ,san ,francisco1 will be the maid of honor and the bridesmaids will be the ,misses ,pauline ,disston of ,philadelphia1 ,ray ,slater of ,boston1 ,mary ,moreland of ,pittsburg1 ,elizabeth ,sands of ,newport1 ,frances ,moore of ,washington1 and ,helen ,flake of this city4 ,walbridge ,s4 ,taft will be the best man4 ,the ushers will be ,henry ,s4 ,ladew1 ,patrick ,calhoun1 ,henry ,rogers ,benjamin1 ,ammi ,wright ,lancashire1 ,esmond ,p4 ,o',brien and ,hugh ,d4 ,cotton4 ,following the wedding ceremony there will be a reception in the ballroom of the ,ritz-,carlton4 ,the engagement of ,miss ,ryer and ,mr4 ,nixon was announced last autumn4 ,the bride-to-be has passed the greater part of the last two winters in ,new ,york with her mother and during the summer season has been identified with the colony in ,newport1 ,r4 ,i4#ch #ch ,new ,york ,sun1 ,january #ba1 #aiag4 ,,wedding ,miss ,celia ,cravis1 daughter of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,myer ,cravis1 of #ahag ,north ,thirty-second ,street1 became the bride of ,harry ,cassman1 of ,atlantic ,city1 ,thursday4 ,the ceremony was performed at #f3cj o'clock in the evening in the green room of the ,adelphi ,hotel by the ,rev4 ,marvin ,nathan1 assisted by the ,rev4 ,armin ,rosenberg4 ,the father of the bride gave her in marriage4 ,her gown of white satin was given a frosted effect by crystal bead embroidery and was made with court train4 ,her tulle veil was held by a bandeau of lilies of the valley4 ,a white prayer book was carried and also a bouquet of orchids1 gardenias and lilies of the valley4 ,the maid of honor was ,miss ,katherine ,abrahams1 wearing blue satin trimmed with silver4 ,she carried a double shower bouquet of tea roses and lilies of the valley1 and a yellow ostrich feather fan1 the gift of the bride4 ,the bridesmaids1 ,miss ,estelle ,freeman1 ,miss ,tillie ,greenhouse1 ,miss ,estelle ,sacks and ,miss ,leonore ,printz1 were dressed in frocks of different pastel shades1 ranging white1 pink1 blue and violet4 ,each carried a basket of roses and a pink feather fan4 ,miss ,madeline ,cravis and ,miss ,sylvia ,gravan1 the flower girls1 wore pink and carried baskets of pink roses4 ,herbert ,w4 ,salus acted as best man4 ,the ushers were ,lewis ,e4 ,stern and ,walter ,hanstein1 of ,atlantic ,city2 ,i4 ,s4 ,cravis and ,henry ,gotlieb4 ,a reception for about #bej guests followed the ceremony4 ,after a tour of the ,south1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,cassman will be at #bag ,south ,seaside ,avenue1 ,atlantic ,city4#ci #ci ,philadelphia ,public ,ledger1 ,december #ag1 #aiaf4 ,,teas1 ,,dinners1 ,,luncheons ,miss ,alice ,williams1 daughter of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,edward ,t4 ,williams1 was presented to society yesterday afternoon at a tea in the home of her parents1 #aija ,eighteenth ,street4 ,miss ,williams was born in ,shanghai1 ,china1 during her father's connection with the ,united ,states legation there1 and she has lived most of her life in the ,orient4 ,mr4 ,williams was charg d'affaires of the ,united ,states at the time of the recognition of the new ,chinese republic4 ,at the time of the outbreak of the war in ,europe ,miss ,williams was a student in ,paris4 ,mr4 ,williams is now the head of the ,bureau of ,far ,eastern ,affairs in the ,state ,department4 ,mrs4 ,williams presented her daughter1 with no assistants save three of her daughter's young friends1 ,miss ,helen ,miller1 ,miss ,virginia ,puller and ,miss ,ethel ,christiensen1 who presided in the dining room4 ,the drawing room and dining room were both transformed into bowers of blossoms1 sent to the debutante1 which were charmingly arranged4 ,mrs4 ,miller wore a graceful gown of black net and lace over black satin4 ,the debutante wore a becoming costume of rose silk and silver trimming and carried sweet peas a portion of the afternoon1 and the bunch of roses sent by ,mrs4 ,lansing1 wife of the ,secretary of ,state1 the rest of the time4 ,miss ,miller and ,miss ,christiensen were each in white net and tulle and ,miss ,puller wore blue and white4#dj #dj ,washington ,post1 ,november #bf1 #aiaf4 ,mrs4 ,fred ,enderly1 who has recently returned after a long absence in the ,east1 was specially honored with a ,halloween birthday dinner given by ,mrs4 ,lottie ,logan1 of ,no4 #aecb ,ingraham ,street ,tuesday evening4 ,the table was in yellow1 with a floral center of chrysanthemums and favors of black cats1 diminutive pumpkin people and other suggestive ,halloween conceits4 ,the guests were whisked up to the dressing-rooms by a witch1 and ,mrs4 ,george ,h4 ,rector1 attired in somber soothsayer's robes1 told fortunes4 ,place-cards were written for ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,enderly1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,archibald ,hart1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,george ,rector1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,henry ,henderson1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,george ,mc,daniel1 ,mrs4 ,fred ,detmer1 ,miss ,wilhelmina ,rector1 ,miss ,talcot1 ,messrs4 ,mark ,ellis1 ,jack ,bushnell1 ,l4 ,d4 ,maescher and ,o4 ,h4 ,logan4#da #da ,los ,angeles ,times1 ,november #e1 #aiaf4 ,,reception ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,henry ,v4 ,black of ,broadway1 ,irvington1 gave a reception this afternoon for their debutante daughter1 ,miss ,latjerome ,black4 ,receiving with ,mrs4 ,black were ,mrs4 ,p4 ,f4 ,llewellyn ,chambers1 ,mrs4 ,frederick ,sayles1 ,mrs4 ,charles ,coombs1 ,mrs4 ,benjamin ,prince1 ,mrs4 ,theodosia ,bailey1 ,mrs4 ,charles ,hope1 ,miss ,caramai ,carroll1 ,miss ,dorothy ,brown1 ,mrs4 ,robert ,c4 ,black and ,miss ,dorothy ,black4 ,receiving with ,miss ,black were the ,misses ,marion ,townsend1 ,helen ,sayles1 ,dorothy ,clifford1 ,marion ,becker1 ,helen ,geer1 and ,genevieve ,clendenin4 ,miss ,black wore a dress of white silk embroidery and pink roses4 ,the decorations were of autumn leaves and chrysanthemums4 ,among the guests were ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,albert ,shaw1 ,mrs4 ,edwin ,gould1 ,mrs4 ,howard ,carroll1 ,mrs4 ,finley ,j4 ,shepard1 ,miss ,anne ,depew ,paulding1 ,mrs4 ,william ,carter1 ,miss ,millette1 ,mrs4 ,john ,luke1 ,mrs4 ,adam ,luke1 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,d4 ,eastabrook1 ,mrs4 ,john ,d4 ,archbold1 ,mrs4 ,henry ,graves1 and ,dr4 and ,mrs4 ,d4 ,russell4#db #db ,new ,york ,sun1 ,september #bd1 #aiae4 ,,dance ,elaboration of detail marked the oriental ball given by the ,sierra ,madre ,club at its rooms in the ,investment ,building last evening4 ,more than #djj members and guests attended in garb of the ,far ,east--costumes whose values ran far into the hundreds4 ,the club rooms were draped in a bewildering manner with tapestry of the ,celestial ,empire and the land of ,nippon1 and the rugs of ,turkey and ,arabia4 ,it was a most colorful event--sultans robed in many colors with bejeweled turbans2 ,chinese mandarins in long flowing coats2 bearded ,moors1 who danced with ,geisha girls of ,japan1 gowned in multi-colored silken kimonos2 petite ,china maids in silken pantaloons and bobtailed jackets2 ,salome dancers of the ,east1 in baggy bloomers and jeweled corsages1 and harem houris in dazzling draperies4 ,preceding the dancing1 a remarkable dinner1 featuring the choicest foods of the ,orient1 was served by attendants wearing the dress of ,chinese coolies4 ,the rare old syrups of the ,orient were enjoyed by the diners1 while the fragrant odor of burning incense lent an air of subtle mysticism4 ,among the #djj guests present were3#dc #dc ,los ,angeles ,times1 ,february #ah1 #aiag4 ,,club ,,meeting ,at this week's meeting of the ,new ,england ,women's ,press ,association1 ,miss ,helen ,m4 ,winslow1 chairman of the programme committee1 presented ,joseph ,edgar ,chamberlin of ,the ,transcript1 who spoke on ,the ,work of ,women in ,journalism4 ,mr4 ,chamberlin gave many personal reminiscences of women writers whom he had known in his connection with various publications4 ,he expressed regret that women are not doing more in editorial work1 as in the earlier years of their entrance into the newspaper field1 and the belief that it would be of advantage to journalism and to the public if they gave more attention to writing of this character rather than that directed almost exclusively for women's departments and others of superficial value4 ,mr4 ,chamberlin paid especial compliment to the work of ,margaret ,buchanan ,sullivan1 ,jeannette ,gilder1 ,jennie ,june ,croly and ,kate ,field4 ,mr4 ,chamberlin spoke in high praise of ,miss ,cornelia ,m4 ,walter 7afterward ,mrs4 ,w4 ,b4 ,richards7 who was editor-in-chief and had full charge of ,the ,transcript from #ahdb to #ahdg4 ,the executive board voted to co-operate with the ,travelers' ,aid ,society and ,mrs4 ,ralph ,m4 ,kirtland was elected chairman of the committee to formulate plans4#dd #dd ,boston ,transcript1 ,december #i1 #aiaf4 ,,charity ,,benefit ,on ,thursday afternoon at #d o'clock ,mrs4 ,w4 ,k4 ,vanderbilt of #ffj ,fifth ,avenue will open her house for a benefit entertainment in aid of the ,appuiaux ,artistes of ,france4 ,viscountess de ,rancougne is to give her talk on the work being done in the ,french and ,belgian hospitals and in the bombarded towns and villages1 illustrated with colored slides from photographs taken by herself4 ,an interesting musical program also has been arranged for the afternoon1 with ,miss ,callish1 ,mr4 de ,warlich1 and ,carlos ,salzedo appearing4 ,mrs4 ,kenneth ,frazier of #eh ,east ,seventy-eighth ,street is receiving applications for tickets at #e each4 ,on the ,executive ,committee are ,kenneth ,frazier1 ,ernest ,peixotto1 ,edwin ,h4 ,blashfield1 ,charles ,dana ,gibson1 ,joseph ,h4 ,hunt1 and ,janet ,scudder4 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,bourke ,cockran1 ,mrs4 ,howard ,cushing1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,h4 ,harriman1 ,mrs4 ,philip ,m4 ,lydig1 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,p4 ,whitney1 and ,miss ,grace ,bigelow make up the committee in charge4#de #de ,new ,york ,times1 ,february #bj1 #aiaf4 ,,personals ,mrs4 ,robert ,r4 ,livingston and her son1 ,robert ,r4 ,livingston1 have returned from a trip to the ,pacific ,coast and are at their town house1 #aa ,washington ,square ,north1 until they open ,northwood1 the ,livingston estate near ,cheviot-on-,hudson4 ,they spent about six weeks on the coast4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,c4 ,oliver ,iselin will return to their country place at ,glen ,head1 ,l4 ,i41 late in ,april for the early summer4 ,they are now occupying ,hopelands1 their place at ,aiken1 ,s4 ,c4 ,mrs4 and ,mr4 ,francis de ,r4 ,wissmann have returned from a trip of some weeks to ,san ,francisco and have been at the ,gotham for a few days before opening ,adelslea at ,throgs ,neck1 ,westchester1 for the summer4 ,the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,nevett ,steele of #abb ,west ,seventy-sixth ,street1 vicar of ,st4 ,paul's ,chapel1 who has been ill with pneumonia since ,march #ac1 is now convalescing and will soon be able to resume his church duties4 ,a son was born yesterday to ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,theodore ,roosevelt1 ,jr41 at their home1 #afe ,east ,seventy-fourth ,street4 ,the child is a grandson of ,col4 ,theodore ,roosevelt and will be named ,cornelius ,van ,schaick ,roosevelt1 after his great-great-grandfather4 ,this is the third child of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,roosevelt4 ,their first boy1 ,theodore ,roosevelt1 ,,iii1 was born ,june #ad1 #aiad4 ,mrs4 ,roosevelt was ,miss ,eleanor ,b4 ,alexander1 daughter of ,mrs4 ,henry ,addison ,alexander of #ahdj ,park ,avenue4 ,,society ,,in ,,prospect ,,and ,,review ,never has a ,washington season begun so early as this one4 ,the middle of ,december finds the ,white ,house dinners in full sway1 the ,president and ,mrs4 ,wilson having dined with the ,vice ,president and ,mrs4 ,marshall1 and the first state reception of the season in the ,white ,house due in two days4 ,president and ,mrs4 ,wilson already have had three large and formal dinner parties1 the first one on ,december #g1 in honor of ,mr4 ,vance ,mc,cormick1 chairman of the ,democratic national committee2 and on ,tuesday of last week they entertained the ,vice ,president and the members of the cabinet and their wives1 with a number of other distinguished guests and a few young people4 ,after this dinner a programme of music was given in the east room and the evening was a charming success4 ,the ,first ,lady of the ,land never was more lovely than she was on this occasion4 ,the ,president's niece1 ,miss ,alice ,wilson1 of ,baltimore1 came over with her father for the evening4 ,miss ,nataline ,dulles1 niece of ,mrs4 ,lansing1 made her first appearance at a state dinner1 and ,miss ,margaret ,wilson and ,miss ,bones were among the guests4 ,on ,thursday evening the visiting governors1 former governors and governors-elect here for the conference this week1 and their wives1 were dined1 with an interesting company4 ,friday evening the ,vice ,president and ,mrs4 ,marshall gave their annual dinner to the ,president and his wife1 and had a senatorial company to meet them4 ,the debutantes are in the full splendor of their glory1 and the next three weeks will give them a supreme test of endurance1 for luncheons1 teas1 dinners and dances not only follow one another closely1 but pile up1 with several in a day and not one to be neglected4 ,there are no diplomatic buds1 no cabinet buds1 and few army1 navy and congressional buds4 ,but it is a strong residential year1 with a number of debutantes in the smartest and most exclusive of the substantial old families4 ,during the ,christmas holidays the buds of the future1 some of a year hence1 others of two years1 are vying with the older girls for busy days1 and the social calendar shows scarcely a resting moment from the day they come home from school until they rush back to their studies in time to reach the first recitation class4 ,and as for beauty sleep1 there will be none4 ,there will not be a night during the ,christmas vacation when this younger set will not be dancing4 ,time was when dinner parties were composed of elderly1 or at least middle-aged1 people only1 but now even the near-debutantes and their circle have a steady round of dining out1 with no fear of being considered along in years1 for there are dinners for all ages4 ,washington has given three of her most distinguished1 most beautiful and most popular girls to foreign lands within two months1 two of them having become princesses and the third a baroness4 ,the first to wed was ,miss ,margaret ,draper1 heiress to several millions of her father's estate4 ,she is now ,princess ,boncompagni of ,rome1 and her mother is now just about joining her and the prince in ,paris1 the three to proceed to the prince's home in ,rome1 where they will spend ,christmas together1 after which the prince will return to duty with his regiment4 ,the second of these brides of foreigners was ,miss ,catherine ,birney1 daughter of the late ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,theodore ,v4 ,birney1 who was married ,december #b to ,baron von ,schoen1 of the ,german embassy staff1 and is just back now from the wedding trip4 ,they returned for the marriage of ,miss ,catherine ,britton to the ,prince zu ,hohenlohe-,schillingsfuerst1 of the ,austro-,hungarian embassy staff4 ,baron and ,baroness von ,schoen will spend ,christmas with the latter's sister1 with whom she has made her home since the death of her parents1 and then they will proceed to ,mexico1 whence the baron has been transferred4 ,the marriage of ,miss ,britton and ,prince zu ,hohenlohe was not unexpected1 but the wedding date was hurried about three months1 the prince becoming an impatient wooer4 ,he was assigned to duty at the ,austro-,hungarian consulate in the summer and agreed to remain away for a year4 ,he stood it as long as he could1 and then returned to claim his bride4 ,the consent of the prince's family has not been forthcoming1 but the marriage has the sanction of the embassy1 presumably by order of the new emperor1 and it was a happy wedding scene4 ,the bride is one of the famous beauties of ,washington society4 ,she was never lovelier than in her singularly simple wedding gown of satin with pearl trimmings1 tulle sleeves1 and enormous wedding veil4 ,society is dancing its way through the season4 ,the fever is making inroads even upon the incessant auction-bridge playing1 and he or she who neither dances nor plays auction has a dull time of it4 ,washington society is rather methodical in its dancing4 ,monday nights are given up to the subscription dances at the ,playhouse1 and another set at the ,willard4 ,tuesday night the army dances are given at the ,playhouse4 ,on ,wednesdays are the regular ,chevy ,chase ,club dinner dances1 and on ,thursdays are those at the ,navy ,club4 ,on ,friday nights1 beginning on ,january #e1 will be the ten subscription dances at the ,willard1 and on ,saturday nights there are dances everywhere4 ,the private dances are scattered all through1 afternoons and evenings1 until there is scarcely a date left vacant on the calendar until ,ash ,wednesday4#df #df ,washington ,post1 ,december #ag1 #aiaf4 #bef4 ,clubs4--,the particular attention of the prospective society editor may be called to club news4 ,the work in literature1 education1 community betterment1 general social relief1 and kindred subjects now being undertaken by women's clubs is sometimes phenomenal and offers to live society editors a vast undeveloped field for constructive news4 ,too frequently the society page is filled with dull six-point routine1 forbidding in style and still more forbidding in content1 when it might be made alive with buoyancy and interest by added attention to new studies and interests in the women's clubs4 ,what the women are doing in their study of the garbage question1 in their campaigns against flies1 in their efforts to provide comforts for unprivileged slum children1--such topics1 properly featured and given attractive individual heads1 may be made interesting to a large percentage of the intelligent women in the community and may be made instrumental in building up a strong1 constructive department in the paper4 #beg4 ,typographical ,style4--,the prospective society editor will find it well1 however1 to study and to follow at first the typographical style of the society column in her paper4 ,some newspapers run each wedding1 engagement1 or social affair under a separate head4 ,others group all society stories under the general head of ,society1 indicating the different social functions1 no matter how long the write-ups1 only by new paragraphs4 ,sometimes this necessitates paragraphs a half-column long4 ,in preparing lists of names in society reports1 the editor should group like names and titles together4 ,that is1 she should group together the married couples1 then the married women whose names appear alone1 then the unmarried women1 and finally the men4 ,an illustration is the following3 ,among the several hundred guests were ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,s4 ,bryce ,wing1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,felix ,d4 ,doubleday1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,lewis ,gouvernour ,morris4444 ,among the debutantes and other young women present were ,misses ,gretchen ,blaine ,damrosch1 ,priscilla ,peabody1 ,irene ,langhorne ,gibson1 ,rosalie ,g4 ,bloodgood4444 ,the young men present included ,messrs4 ,lester ,armour1 ,edward ,m4 ,mc,ilvaine1 ,jr41 ,edgar ,allan ,poe1 ,william ,carrington ,stettinius1 ,nelson ,doubleday1 ,herbert ,pulitzer4444 #beh4 ,spurious ,announcements4--,a word may be said in conclusion about getting society news4 ,one of the first precautions to a prospective society editor is not to accept announcements of engagements1 marriages1 and births of children from any others than the immediate persons concerned4 ,in particular1 one should beware of such news given by telephone4 ,too many so-called practical jokes are attempted in this way on sensitive lovers and young married couples4 ,many newspapers have printed forms for announcements of engagements and weddings4 ,these are mailed directly to the families concerned and require their signatures4 #bei4 ,sources for ,society ,news4--,in cases of important news1 such as weddings and charity benefits1 the editor generally has little difficulty in obtaining all the facts needed4 ,some social leaders are naturally good about giving one details of their parties4 ,others1 however1 shun publicity even to the extent of denying prospective luncheons1 dinners1 and card parties--particularly if they are small--after all plans have been made1 and the details may be had only after they know the reporter has definite facts4 ,to get these first facts is often one's hardest task4 ,frequently one can acquire the friendly acquaintance of some one in society who likes to have her name appear with the real leaders4 ,men1 too1--even husbands1--often are not so reticent about their immediate social affairs and are glad to give pretty society editors advance tips of coming events4 ,but the best sources are the caterers1 the florists1 and the hair-dressing parlors4 ,the caterers are engaged weeks in advance4 ,the florists provide the decorations4 ,and the hair-dressing parlors are hotbeds of gossip4 ,by visiting or calling regularly at these places one generally can keep abreast of all the society news in town4 ,but always when getting news from such sources--or from any other for that matter--one must be sure of the absolute accuracy of all addresses1 names1 and initials4 ,if one is not careful1--well1 only one who has seen an irate mother talk to the city editor before the ink on the home edition is dry can appreciate the trouble that will probably result4 ,,xviii4 ,,follow-,,ups1 ,,rewrites #bfj4 ,follow-ups4--,rewrites and follow-up stories are news stories which have appeared in print4 ,the distinction between the two is that follow-ups contain news in addition to that of the story first printed1 while rewrites are only revisions4 ,few news stories are complete on their first appearance4 ,new features develop2 motives1 causes1 and unlooked-for results come to light in a way that is oftentimes amazing4 ,sometimes these facts appear within a few hours2 again they are days in developing2 and occasionally1 after they have developed1 the story will follow for weeks1 months1 and even years without losing its interest4 ,the ,thaw1 ,becker1 and ,charlton stories ran for years4 ,the first item about the ,titanic disaster was a bulletin of less than half a stick2 yet the story ran for months4 #bfa4 ,constructive ,side of ,follow-ups4--,a reporter1 therefore1 must not consider a story ended until he has run to ground all the possibilities or until the new facts have ceased to be of interest to a large body of readers4 ,indeed1 it is in the follow-up that the reporter has one of his greatest opportunities to prove himself a constructive journalist4 ,there is every reason1 too1 for believing it will be in the follow-up that the big newspaper of the future will find its greatest development4 ,at present1 stories often are dropped too quickly1 so quickly that the really constructive news is lost4 ,a great epidemic sweeps a city1 taking an unprecedented toll of life and entailing expenditures of hundreds of thousands of dollars4 ,all the reporters grind out pages and pages of copy about the plague1 but few follow the physicians and scientists through the coming weeks and months in their unflagging determination to learn the causes of the disease1 to effect cures1 and to prevent a recurrence of it as an epidemic4 ,yet such news is constructive and is of greater value probably to the readers than the somewhat sensational figures of the plague4 ,for the scientists will conquer in the end1 and all along the way their improved methods of cure and prevention will be of educational value to the public4 ,so also with strikes1 wrecks1 fires1 commercial panics1 graft and crime exposures1 etc42 the reporter is advised to follow the story through the weeks to come1 not necessarily writing of it all the while1 but holding it in prospect for the constructive news that is sure to follow4 #bfb4 ,following up a ,story4--,the first story which the new reporter will have to follow up he will some day find stuck behind the platen of his typewriter4 ,it will have been put there by one of the copy-readers who has read the local papers of the preceding morning or afternoon and has clipped this article as one promising further developments4 ,the first thing to do is to read the whole story carefully4 7,as a matter of fact1 the reporter really should have read and should be familiar with the story already4 ,familiarity with all the news is expected of newspaper men at all times47 ,then he should look to see if the reporter writing the story has played up the real features4 ,in his haste to get the news into print1 the other reporter may have missed the main feature4 ,a delightful case in point is a follow-up of an indifferent story appearing in a ,new ,york morning paper3 ,because they were penniless and hungry1 ,charles ,ewart1 #ca years old1 and his wife ,emily1 living at #fdf ,st4 ,nicholas ,avenue1 were arrested yesterday in the grocery store of ,jacob ,bosch1 #ccf ,st4 ,nicholas ,avenue1 charged with shoplifting4 ,when arrested by ,detective ,taczhowski1 who had trailed them all the way from a downtown department store1 seven eggs and a box of figs were found in ,mrs4 ,ewart's handsome blue fox muff4444 ,but the cause of the couple's pilfering was not poverty or hunger1 as was shown by a clever writer on the ,new ,york ,world who covered the story that afternoon4 ,here is his write-up1 in which the reader should note the entire change of tone and the happy handling of the human interest features3 ,,confessed ,,shoplifters ,mrs4 ,emily ,ewart1 slender1 petite1 pretty1 sat in the police department to-day1 tossed back her blue fox neckpiece1 patted her moist eyes with a lace-embroidered handkerchief1 carefully adjusted in her lap the handsome fox muff which the police say had but lately been the repository of seven eggs and a box of figs1 and told how she and her husband happened to be arrested last evening as shoplifters4 ,as she talked1 her husband1 ,charles ,ewart1 thirty-one years old1 sat disconsolately in a cell1 his modish green overcoat somewhat wrinkled1 the careful creases in his gray trousers a bit less apparent1 and his up-to-the-minute gray fedora a trifle out of shape and dusty4 ,nevertheless1 he still retained the mien of dignity with which he met his arrest in the grocery store of ,jacob ,bosch at ,no4 #ccf ,st4 ,nicholas ,avenue4 ,of course1 you understand1 it was really ,mrs4 ,ewart's fault that she and her husband should stoop to pilfering from a hardworking grocer eggs worth #db cents 7at their market value of #gb cents a dozen7 and a box of figs1 net value one dime4 ,at least1 so she told the police4 ,she too1 she said1 led him to appropriate a travelling bag worth #aj from a downtown department store4 ,if it hadn't been for her1 young ,mr4 ,ewart might have gone right along earning his so much per week soliciting theatre curtain advertisements for the ,bentley ,studios1 at ,no4 #adic ,broadway1 and might never have run afoul of the police4 ,the ,ewarts1 so the young woman's story ran1 came here from ,chicago two weeks ago4 ,of their life in the ,western city she refused to tell anything4 ,but since coming to ,new ,york1 she admitted1 they had travelled a hard financial road4 ,detective ,taczkowski's attention was first called to ,ewart in a downtown department store yesterday afternoon1 when ,ewart tried to return a travelling bag which he said his wife had bought for #aj4 ,investigation of the store's records showed ,mrs4 ,ewart had bought a bag for #c4ie1 but that the #aj bag had been stolen4 ,ewart was put off on a technicality and the detective followed him when he left the store4 ,outside ,ewart was met by his wife4 ,into the subway ,taczkowski shadowed them and at last the trail led to the ,bosch grocery on ,st4 ,nicholas ,avenue4 ,in the store1 ,taczkowski kept his eyes on ,mrs4 ,ewart1 in her modish gown and furs1 while ,ewart engaged a clerk in conversation4 ,suddenly1 ,taczkowski alleges1 he saw an egg worth six cents disappear from a crate into ,mrs4 ,ewart's handsome fur muff4 ,another egg followed1 and another1 he says1 until1 like the children of the poem1 they were seven4 ,when a box of figs followed the eggs1 ,taczkowski says1 he arrested the pair4 ,a search of the ,ewarts' apartment at ,no4 #fdf ,st4 ,nicholas ,avenue1 the police say1 revealed a great quantity of men's and women's clothing of the finest variety4 ,mrs4 ,ewart1 the police say1 admitted she had stolen the blue fox furs from a downtown store and the police expect to identify much of the handsome clothing found in the apartment as stolen goods4 ,we were hungry and had no money1 ,mrs4 ,ewart sobbed at police headquarters4 ,we had all that clothing1 but not a cent to buy food4 ,i am the one to blame1 for ,i encouraged my husband to steal4 ,ewart and his wife were arraigned in ,yorkville ,court before ,magistrate ,harris to-day and were held in #ejj bail each for further examination4#dg #dg ,new ,york ,evening ,world1 ,november #aa1 #aiae4 #bfc4 ,new ,facts4--,generally in the follow-up it is the newly learned facts that are featured4 ,in the case of a sudden death1 for instance1 it would be the funeral arrangements2 in a railway wreck1 the investigation and the placing of blame4 ,the following stories illustrate3 ,story in a ,morning ,paper ,dashing through a rain-storm with lightning flashes blinding him1 ,william ,h4 ,blanchard1 manager for the ,wells ,fargo ,express ,company1 drove his automobile off the approach of the open ,state ,street bridge to-night and was drowned4 ,otto ,eller1 teacher of manual training in the ,west ,side ,high ,school1 escaped by leaping into the river4 ,eller says the warning lights were not displayed at the bridge4 ,when the automobile was recovered1 it was shown that the car was not moving fast1 as it had barely dropped off the abutment1 a few feet from shore4 ,the bridge was open because its operating equipment had been put out of order by a stroke of lightning4 ,the ,follow-up ,the body of ,william ,h4 ,blanchard1 manager of the ,wells ,fargo ,express ,company1 who lost his life when he drove an automobile into an open drawbridge1 was recovered this morning about #ajj feet from where the accident occurred4 ,investigations have been started by the coroner and friends to place the blame for the accident4 ,the electrical mechanism of the bridge was out of commission on account of a storm and it was being operated by hand4 ,spectators declare no warning lights were on the bridge4 #bfd4 ,results ,featured4--,frequently the lead to the follow-up features the results effected by the details of the earlier story3 ,original ,story ,the total yield of the leading cereal crops of the ,united ,states this year will be nearly #a1jjj1jjj1jjj bushels less than last year4 ,the government estimates of the crop issued to-day showed sensational losses in the spring wheat crop in the ,northwest1 a further shrinkage in winter wheat1 and big losses compared to a month ago and last year in corn and oats4 ,both barley and rye figures also indicate greater losses compared to a year ago than were shown in the ,july government report4 ,the ,follow-up ,next ,day ,american wheat pits had a day of turmoil to-day such as they have not seen since the stirring times when war was declared in ,europe4 ,influenced by the startling government report showing enormous losses in the spring wheat crop1 prices soared even more sharply than the wiseacres had anticipated4 ,they were #e to #h cents higher when the gong struck1 the report1 released after the close of 'change ,tuesday1 having had its effect over night4 ,at the close they registered a gain of from #aj-e_/h to #aa-c_/h cents for the day4 ,wheat had gone above #a4ej a bushel4 ,two months ago it was around #a4je4 #bfe4 ,probable ,results4--,where no more important details can be learned1 it sometimes is wise to feature probable results4 ,a break in diplomatic relations between the ,united ,states and ,germany as a result of the torpedoing of the ,lusitania by a ,german submarine is the expressed belief to-day of high ,washington officials4 #bff4 ,clues for ,identification4--,in stories of crime1 when the offenders have escaped1 the lead to the follow-up may begin with clues for establishing the identity of the criminals4 ,if a piano tuner about forty years of age1 wearing a pair of silver spectacles and accompanied by a petite1 brown-eyed girl twenty years his junior1 comes to your house for work1 telephone the ,boston police4 ,they are the two1 it is alleged1 who robbed the ,mather apartments yesterday4 #bfg4 ,featuring ,lack of ,news4--,in rare cases the very fact that there is no additional news is worth featuring4 ,up to a late hour to-night nothing had been heard of ,henry ,o4 ,mallory1 prosecuting attorney in the ,howard murder case1 who disappeared yesterday on his way to ,lexington4 #bfh4 ,opinions of ,prominent ,persons4--,an otherwise unimportant follow story may sometimes be made a good one by interviewing prominent persons and localizing the reader's interest in men or women he knows4 ,that the new eugenics law passed by the state legislature of ,wisconsin yesterday is doomed to failure from the start1 is the opinion of ,health ,commissioner ,shannon1 who was in ,madison when the final vote was taken4 #bfi4 ,summary of ,opinions4--,sometimes1 indeed1 it is well to interview a number of local persons and make the lead a summary of their views4 ,widely different opinions were expressed by prominent physicians1 professors1 clergymen1 and social workers throughout this city to-day on the ethics of the course taken by ,dr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,haiselden of ,chicago in allowing the defective son of a patient to die4 #bgj4 ,connecting ,links4--,in all these stories1 the reader should note1 sufficient explanatory matter has been included to connect the incidents readily with the events of the preceding days4 ,this is important in every follow-up2 for always many readers will have missed the earlier stories and consequently will need definite connection to relate the new events with preceding occurrences4 ,it is also important for these connecting links to be included in1 or to follow immediately after1 the lead1 because they give the reader necessary facts for understanding the new information--give him his bearings1 as it were1--without which he will not read far into the story4 #bga4 ,rewrites4--,while most stories are not complete on their first appearance1 it sometimes happens1 nevertheless1 that the first publication of an item contains all the facts of interest to a paper's readers and that priority of publication has been gained by another journal4 ,yet the story will be of interest to the readers of one's own paper and must be published4 ,it is the duty of the rewrite man to handle such a story1 and to handle it in such a way that it shall bear no resemblance to the story published by the other paper4 ,for this reason the most skillful reporters on a daily are the rewrite men4 ,they must find new features for old stories1 or new angles of view1 or new relations of some kind between the various details4 #bgb4 ,bringing a ,story up to the ,minute4--,the first requisite in rewriting is the necessity of making old news new1 of bringing it up to the minute4 ,no matter when the events occurred1 they must be presented to the reader so that they shall seem current4 ,currency is all but a necessity to life1 vigor1 interest in a yesterday's event4 ,here is an item of news in point4 ,suppose the following story from an afternoon paper is given a reporter on a morning daily3 ,charged with running his car thirty miles an hour1 ,dr4 ,harry ,o4 ,smith1 prominent city physician with offices in the ,vincennes ,building1 was arrested on ,kentucky ,street this afternoon by ,motorcycle ,policeman ,du,pre4 ,after giving bonds for his appearance to-morrow1 ,dr4 ,smith left in his machine for ,linwood1 where he was going when stopped by ,policeman ,du,pre4 ,concerning his arrest ,dr4 ,smith refused to make any other statement than that he was on his way to see a patient4 ,the reporter cannot see ,dr4 ,smith to obtain additional facts1 because the doctor is out of town4 ,nor can he expect any more news1 since the case will not come up until some hours after his paper will have been in the hands of its readers4 ,it is also against journalistic rules to begin with ,dr4 ,smith was arrested yesterday4 ,that yesterday must be eliminated from the lead4 ,here is the method one rewrite man used to get out of the difficulty3 ,even doctors will not be allowed to break the city speed laws if one ,cincinnati motorcycle policeman has his way4 ,another way in which he might have avoided the troublesome yesterday would be3 ,one of the first cases on police docket this morning will be the hearing of ,dr4 ,harry ,o4 ,smith1 prominent ,cincinnati physician with offices in the ,vincennes building1 who was arrested on a charge of speeding yesterday by ,policeman ,du,pre4 ,or he might have begun3 ,whether the life of a sick patient is worth more than that of a healthy pedestrian may be decided in police court this morning4 ,in each of these rewrites it will be noted that the story has been brought down to the time of the appearance of the paper4 #bgc4 ,new ,features4--,the next thing to seek in the story to be rewritten is a new feature4 ,generally this is obtained in bringing the story up to date4 ,if not1 the reporter may examine1 as in the follow-up1 to see whether the first story plays up the best feature1 or whether it does not contain another feature equally good1 or one possibly entirely overlooked4 ,failing here1 he may look forward to probable developments1 as an investigation following a wreck1 a search by the police following a burglary1 or an arraignment and trial following an arrest4 ,failing again1 he may consider whether some cause or motive or agency for the fire or divorce or crime may not have gone unnoticed by the other man4 ,or best of all1 he may try to relate the incident with similar events occurring recently1 as in the case of a number of fires1 burglaries1 or explosions coming close upon each other4 ,whatever course he chooses1 he should use his imagination to good advantage1 taking care always to make his rewrite truthful4 ,here is the way a few rewrite men have presented their new old stories3 ,result ,featured ,,defective ,,baby ,,dies ,the question whether his life should have been fought for or whether it was right to let him die is over1 so far as the tiny1 unnamed1 six-days-old defective son of ,mrs4 ,anna ,bollinger is concerned4 ,the child died at the ,german-,american hospital1 ,chicago1 at #g3cj last night1 with ,dr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,haiselden1 chief of the hospital staff1 standing firmly to his position that he could not use his science to prolong the life of so piteously afflicted a creature4 ,connection with ,preceding ,events ,,wild ,,man ,,caught ,the wild man who has been frightening school children of ,yonkers1 scaring hunters in the woods1 and causing hurry calls to the police from timid housewives1 has been captured by the reserves of the ,second precinct4 ,he was caught last night in ,belmont woods1 near the ,empire ,city race track4 ,entirely ,new ,feature ,played ,up ,,twelve-,,year-,,old ,,girl ,,suicide ,ruth ,camilla ,fisher knew a country wherein her beauty was specie of the realm4 ,it was bounded by the ninth and twelfth birthdays4 ,its inhabitants consisted of ,fritz1 an adoring dachshund2 papa1 who was a member of the school board and a great man2 and innumerable gruff little boys1 who1 ostensibly ignorant of her observation1 spat through vacant front teeth and turned gorgeous somersaults for her admiration4 ,she was happy and the jealous green complexion of the feminine part of her world bothered her not at all4 ,and unsuspectingly ,ruth came singing across the borders of her ain countree to the alien land of knowledge and disillusionment4 ,though she knew she came from ,god1 it was gradually borne upon her that her girl-mother wandered a little way on the path of the ,magdalenes4 ,she was an interloper who had no gospel sanction in the world1 no visible parents other than a foster-father and a foster-mother4 ,perfectly respectable little girls began to inform her so with self-righteous airs and with the expertness of surgeons to dissect her from the social scheme that governs puss-wants-a-corner with the same iron rule that in later life determines who shall be asked to play bridge and who shall be outlawed4 ,your parents aren't your own1 was the taunt that ,ruth heard from playmates4 ,some of the little girls added the poison of sympathy to the information4 ,and ,ruth ,camilla ,fisher at #ab found herself a stranger in a strange land4 ,she extradited herself ,tuesday night with a revolver shot in the temple4 ,in the yard back of her foster-parents' home at #ecai ,west ,twenty-fifth ,street1 ,cicero1 with one arm around the loyal ,fritz1 she put the revolver to her head and pressed the trigger4444#dh #dh ,chicago ,tribune1 ,november #be1 #aiae4 ,,crook ,,lists ,,dancers' ,,names ,the modern dance craze has brought a lot of informality into a heretofore very proper ,chicago4 ,women whose husbands work during the daytime have considered it not at all improper to flock to the afternoon th dansants in many downtown cafs1 there to fox-trot and one-step with good-looking strangers whose introduction--if there was an introduction--was procured in a sort of professional way4 ,probable ,effect ,consequently there were about forty women in ,chicago who verged on total collapse yesterday if they chanced to read of the terrible experience of ,mrs4 ,mercedes ,fullenwider of #edcb ,kimbark ,avenue4 ,probable ,motive ,,elsie ,,thomas ,,not ,a ,,suicide ,if a finger print can tell a story1 the police may be able to prove by to-morrow night that pretty ,elsie ,thomas1 whose lifeless body was found in her room at #aiaf ,pennsylvania ,street last night1 was not a suicide4 ,in the opinion of her brother1 ,wallace ,thomas1 who was on his way from ,lindale to see her1 ,hans ,roehm1 who had promised to marry her1 may have been responsible for her death from cyanide of potassium4 #bgd4 ,condensation in ,rewrites4--,it may be added in conclusion that though rewrites are made to seem fresh and new1 they are nevertheless old news after all1 and hence are not worth so much space as the original story4 ,consequently1 one will find that they usually run from half to a fourth the length of the original2 so that in rewriting one need not hesitate--as the copy-readers tell the reporters--to cut every story to the bone4 ,one must be careful in rewriting1 however1 not merely to omit paragraphs in cutting down stories4 ,excision is not rewriting4 ,,xix4 ,,feature ,,stories #bge4 ,what the ,feature ,story ,is4--,the feature1 or human interest1 story is the newspaper man's invention for making stories of little news value interesting4 ,the prime difference between the feature story and the normal information story we have been studying is that its news is a little less excellent and must be made good by the writer's ingenuity4 ,the exciting informational story on the first page claims the reader's attention by reason of the very dynamic power of its tidings1 but the news of the feature story must have a touch of literary rouge on its face to make it attractive4 ,this rouge generally is an adroit appeal to the emotions1 and just as some maidens otherwise plain of feature may be made attractive1 even beautiful1 by a cosmetic touch accentuating a pleasing feature or concealing a defect1 so the human interest story may be made fascinating by centering the interest in a single emotion and drawing the attention away from the staleness1 the sameness1 the lack of piquancy in the details4 ,the emotion may be love1 fear1 hate1 regret1 curiosity1 humor1--no matter what1 provided it is unified about1 is given the tone of1 that feature4 #bgf4 ,difficulty4--,but just as it takes artists among women to dare successfully the lure of the rouge-dish1 and just as so many1 having ventured1 make of their faces mere caricatures of the beauty they have sought1 so only artists can handle the feature story4 ,the difficulty lies chiefly in the temptation to overemphasize4 ,in striving to make the story humorous1 one goes too far1 oversteps the limits of dignity1 and like the ten-twenty-thirty vaudeville actor1 produces an effect of disgust4 ,or in attempting to be pathetic1 to excite a sympathetic tear1 one is liable to induce mere derisive laughter4 ,and a single misplaced word or a discordant phrase1 like a mouse in a ,sunday-school class1 will destroy the entire effect of what one would say4 ,in no other kind of writing is restraint more needed4 #bgg4 ,two ,types4--,probably entire accuracy demands the statement that these remarks about the difficulty of the feature story apply more specifically to the human interest type1 the type the purpose of which is largely to entertain4 ,certainly it is more difficult than the second1 whose purpose is to instruct or inform4 ,the one derives its interest from its appeal to the reader's curiosity1 the other from its appeal to the emotions4 ,the emotional type attracts the reader through its appeal to elemental instincts and feelings in men1 as desire for food and life1 vain grief for one lost1 struggle for position in society1 undeserved prosperity or misfortune1 abnormal fear of death1 stoicism in the face of danger1 etc4 ,the following is by ,frank ,ward ,o',malley1 of the ,new ,york ,sun1 a classic of this type of human interest story3 ,,death ,,of ,,happy ,,gene ,,sheehan ,mrs4 ,catherine ,sheehan stood in the darkened parlor of her home at #cfa ,west ,fifteenth ,street late yesterday afternoon1 and told her version of the murder of her son ,gene1 the youthful policeman whom a thug named ,billy ,morley shot in the forehead1 down under the ,chatham ,square elevated station early yesterday morning4 ,gene's mother was thankful that her boy hadn't killed ,billy ,morley before he died1 because1 she said1 ,i can say honestly1 even now1 that ,i'd rather have ,gene's dead body brought home to me1 as it will be to-night1 than to have him come to me and say1 ',mother1 ,i had to kill a man this morning4' ,god comfort the poor wretch that killed the boy1 the mother went on1 because he is more unhappy to-night than we are here4 ,maybe he was weak-minded through drink4 ,he couldn't have known ,gene or he wouldn't have killed him4 ,did they tell you at the ,oak ,street ,station that the other policemen called ,gene ,happy ,sheehan8 ,anything they told you about him is true1 because no one would lie about him4 ,he was always happy1 and he was a fine-looking young man1 and he always had to duck his helmet when he walked under the gas fixture in the hall1 as he went out the door4 ,he was doing dance steps on the floor of the basement1 after his dinner yesterday noon1 for the girls--his sisters1 ,i mean--and he stopped of a sudden when he saw the clock1 and picked up his helmet4 ,out on the street he made pretend to arrest a little boy he knows1 who was standing there1--to see ,gene come1 out1 ,i suppose1--and when the little lad ran away laughing1 ,i called out1 ',you couldn't catch ,willie1 ,gene2 you're getting fat4' ',yes1 and old1 mammy1' he said1 him who is--who was--only twenty-six--'so fat1' he said1 'that ,i'm getting a new dress coat that'll make you proud when you see me in it1 mammy4' ,and he went over ,fifteenth ,street whistling a tune and slapping his leg with a folded newspaper4 ,and he hasn't come back4 ,but ,i saw him once after that1 thank ,god1 before he was shot4 ,it's strange1 isn't it1 that ,i hunted him up on his beat late yesterday afternoon for the first time in my life8 ,i never go around where my children are working or studying--one ,i sent through college with what ,i earned at dressmaking and some other little money ,i had1 and he's now a teacher2 and the youngest ,i have at college now4 ,i don't mean that their father wouldn't send them if he could1 but he's an invalid1 although he's got a position lately that isn't too hard for him4 ,i got ,gene prepared for college1 too1 but he wanted to go right into an office in ,wall ,street4 ,i got him in there1 but it was too quiet and tame for him1 ,lord have mercy on his soul2 and then1 two years ago1 he wanted to go on the police force1 and he went4 ,after he went down the street yesterday ,i found a little book on a chair1 a little list of the streets or something1 that ,gene had forgot4 ,i knew how particular they are about such things1 and ,i didn't want the boy to get in trouble1 and so ,i threw on a shawl and walked over through ,chambers ,street toward the river to find him4 ,he was standing on a corner some place down there near the bridge clapping time with his hands for a little newsy that was dancing2 but he stopped clapping1 struck1 ,gene did1 when he saw me4 ,he laughed when ,i handed him the little book and told that was why ,i'd searched for him1 patting me on the shoulder when he laughed--patting me on the shoulder4 ',it's a bad place for you here1 ,gene1' ,i said4 ',then it must be bad for you1 too1 mammy1' said he2 and as he walked to the end of his beat with me--it was dark then--he said1 ',they're lots of crooks here1 mother1 and they know and hate me and they're afraid of me'--proud1 he said it--'but maybe they'll get me some night4' ,he patted me on the back and turned and walked east toward his death4 ,wasn't it strange that ,gene said that8 ,you know how he was killed1 of course1 and how--,now let me talk about it1 children1 if ,i want to4 ,i promised you1 didn't ,i1 that ,i wouldn't cry any more or carry on8 ,well1 it was five o'clock this morning when a boy rang the bell here at the house and ,i looked out the window and said1 ',is ,gene dead8' ',no1 ma'am1' answered the lad1 'but they told me to tell you he was hurt in a fire and is in the hospital4' ,jerry1 my other boy1 had opened the door for the lad and was talking to him while ,i dressed a bit4 ,and then ,i walked down stairs and saw ,jerry standing silent under the gaslight1 and ,i said again1 ',jerry1 is ,gene dead8' ,and he said ',yes1' and he went out4 ,after a while ,i went down to the ,oak ,street ,station myself1 because ,i couldn't wait for ,jerry to come back4 ,the policemen all stopped talking when ,i came in1 and then one of them told me it was against the rules to show me ,gene at that time4 ,but ,i knew the policeman only thought ,i'd break down1 but ,i promised him ,i wouldn't carry on1 and he took me into a room to let me see ,gene4 ,it was ,gene4 ,i know to-day how they killed him4 ,the poor boy that shot him was standing in ,chatham ,square arguing with another man when ,gene told him to move on4 ,when the young man wouldn't1 but only answered back1 ,gene shoved him1 and the young man pulled a revolver and shot ,gene in the face1 and he died before ,father ,rafferty1 of ,st4 ,james's1 got to him1 ,god rest his soul4 ,a lot of policemen heard the shot1 and they all came running with their pistols and clubs in their hands4 ,policeman ,laux--,i'll never forget his name or any of the others that ran to help ,gene--came down the ,bowery and ran out into the middle of the square where ,gene lay4 ,when the man that shot ,gene saw the policeman coming1 he crouched down and shot at ,policeman ,laux1 but1 thank ,god1 he missed him4 ,then policemen named ,harrington and ,rourke and ,moran and ,kehoe chased the man all around the streets there1 some heading him off when he tried to run into that street that goes off at an angle--,east ,broadway1 isn't it8 ,a big crowd had come out of ,chinatown now and was chasing the man1 too1 until ,policemen ,rourke and ,kehoe got him backed up against a wall4 ,when ,policeman ,kehoe came up close1 the man shot his pistol right at ,kehoe and the bullet grazed ,kehoe's helmet4 ,all the policemen jumped at the man then1 and one of them knocked the pistol out of his hand with a blow of a club4 ,they beat him1 this ,billy ,morley1 so ,jerry says his name is1 but they had to because he fought so hard4 ,they told me this evening that it will go hard with the unfortunate murderer1 because ,jerry says that when a man named ,frank ,o',hare1 who was arrested this evening charged with stealing cloth or something1 was being taken to headquarters1 he told ,detective ,gegan that he and a one-armed man who answered to the description of ,morley1 the young man who killed ,gene1 had a drink last night in a saloon at ,twenty-second ,street and ,avenue ,a1 and that when the one-armed man was leaving the saloon he turned and said1 ',boys1 ,i'm going out now to bang a guy with buttons4' ,they haven't brought me ,gene's body yet4 ,coroner ,shrady1 so my ,jerry says1 held ,billy ,morley1 the murderer1 without letting him get out on bail1 and ,i suppose that in a case like this they have to do a lot of things before they can let me have the body here4 ,if ,gene only hadn't died before ,father ,rafferty got to him1 ,i'd be happier4 ,he didn't need to make his confession1 you know1 but it would have been better1 wouldn't it8 ,he wasn't bad1 and he went to mass on ,sunday without being told2 and even in ,lent1 when we always say the rosary out loud in the dining-room every night1 ,gene himself said to me the day after ,ash ,wednesday1 ',if you want to say the rosary at noon1 mammy1 before ,i go out1 instead of at night when ,i can't be here1 we'll do it4' ,god will see that ,gene's happy to-night1 won't he1 after ,gene said that8 the mother asked as she walked out into the hallway with her black-robed daughters grouped behind her4 ,i know he will1 she said1 and ,i'll-- ,she stopped with an arm resting on the banister to support her4 ,i--,i know ,i promised you1 girls1 said ,gene's mother1 that ,i'd try not to cry any more1 but ,i can't help it4 ,and she turned toward the wall and covered her face with her apron4#di #di ,frank ,ward ,o',malley in the ,new ,york ,sun2 reprinted in ,the ,outlook1 lxxxvii1 #ebg-ebi4 #bgh4 ,informational ,type4--,the second type of feature story1 the informational1 is the one we find most frequently in the feature section of the editorial page and the ,sunday edition4 ,it includes such subjects as1 ,how to ,jiu-jitsu a ,holdup ,man1 ,why ,hot ,water ,dissolves ,things1 ,duties of an ,international ,spy1 ,feminism and the ,baby ,crop1 ,why ,dogs ,wag their ,tails1 ,the ,world's ,highest ,salaried ,choir ,boy1 etc4 ,stories of new inventions and discoveries1 accounts of the lives of famous and infamous men1 of barbaric and court life1 methods for lowering the high cost of living1 explanations of the workings of the parcel post system1 facts telling the effects of the ,european war1--these are some of the kinds of news included4 ,timeliness is not essential1 but is valuable1 as in the publication of ,halloween1 ,christmas1 ,easter1 and vacation stories at their appropriate seasons4 #bgi4 ,sources4--,the sources of feature stories are everywhere1--on the street1 in the club1 at church1 in the court room1 on the athletic field1 in reference books and government publications1 in the journals of fashion1 anywhere that an observing reporter will look4 ,old settlers and residents1 particularly on their birthdays and wedding anniversaries1 are good for stories of the town or state as it used to be fifty years ago2 and their photographs add to the value of their stories4 ,travelers just returned from foreign countries or from distant sections of the ,united ,states provide good feature copy4 ,educational journals1 forestry publications1 mining statistics1 geological surveys1 court decisions1 all furnish valuable data4 ,the only requirement in obtaining information is personal observation and investigation4 #bhj4 ,form4--,the form of the feature story is anomalous4 ,it has none4 ,one is at liberty to begin in any way likely to attract the reader1 and to continue in any way that will hold him4 ,possibly informal leads are the rule rather than the exception--leads that will arrest attention by telling enough of the story to excite curiosity without giving all the details4 ,note the suspensive effect of the following leads3 ,,sam ,,dreams ,,of ,,robbers ,two big black-bearded robbers1 armed to the hat-band and vowing to blow his appetite away from his personality if he uttered a tweet1 walked into the mind of ,samuel ,shuster on ,wednesday night as he lay snoring in his four-post bed at ,no4 #aa ,market ,street4 ,one placed a large warty hand around ,samuel's windpipe and began to play it1 and the other with a furtive look up and down stage reached into his pocket and drew forth #cej4 ,with a scream1 two yowls1 and a tiger1 ,samuel awoke4444 ,,fixes ,,broken ,,leg ,,with ,,nails ,capt4 ,patrick ,rogers of truck company ,no4 #b found a man leaning against the quarters at ,washington and ,clinton ,streets early yesterday and demanded what he was doing4 ,i broke my leg getting off a car1 said the stranger4 ,gimme a hammer and some nails and ,i'll fix it4 444 ,,american ,,waste ,if it were not for our industrial wastefulness1 it is a fair guess that the income of the ,united ,states would be sixteen times--,well1 do you know that ,america burns up forty thousand tons of paper a day1 worth fifty dollars a ton8 ,that alone is #b1jjj1jjj a day wasted4444 ,,finds ,,woman ,,dead ,,in ,,barn ,stephen ,garrity of #aabd ,seventy-third street stepped into a deserted barn at ,seventy-fourth street and ,ashland avenue yesterday afternoon to get out of the wind and light his pipe4 ,he was just about to apply a lighted match to the pipe when he saw the form of a woman hanging to one of the rafters4 ,a long black silk-lined coat hung so that ,garrity could see a black skirt1 a white waist1 and black shoes4 ,the woman had a fair complexion and brown hair4 ,the match burned ,garrity's fingers and went out4444 #bha4 ,suspense ,story4--,in some feature stories the writers attempt to hold their readers' interest by making the narrative suspensive throughout4 ,,missouri ,,in ,,chicago ,missouri ,perkins is sixteen and hails from ,kansas ,city4 ,this morning he walked into the office of the ,postal ,telegraph ,company on ,dearborn ,street and asked for a job4 ,the manager happened to want a messenger boy just at that moment and gave him a message to deliver in a hurry4 ,here's your chance1 my boy1 said the manager4 ,these people have been kicking about undelivered messages4 ,now don't come back until you deliver it4 ,a while afterward the telephone rang4 ,on the other end of the wire was a building watchman1 somewhat terrified4 ,have you got a boy they call ',missouri8' inquired the watchman4 ,we did have ten minutes ago1 replied the manager4 ,the watchman continued3 ,that ',missouri' feller came over here and said he had to go to one of the offices4 ,we don't allow no one up at that office at this hour and ,i told him he couldn't go4 ,yes1 yes1 said the manager4 ,well1 said the watchman1 he said he would go1 and ,i had to pull my gun on him4 ,but you didn't shoot my messenger1 exclaimed the manager4 ,no1 meekly came the response over the wire1 but ,i want my gun back4 #bhb4 ,uniqueness of ,style4--,again1 a writer will resort to uniqueness of form or style to get his effect4 ,,his ,,wife1 ,,she ,,went ,,away ,and ,he ,did a ,little ,entertaining1 ,which ,leads ,up to ,this ,story ,mrs4 ,gladys ,i4 ,fick visited in ,california4 ,mr4 ,fick entertained while she was away4 ,mrs4 ,fick found it out4 ,and got a divorce4 ,yesterday4 #bhc4 ,unity of ,impression4--,most frequently1 however1 the effort is to obtain unity of impression through close adherence to a single tone or effect4 ,the story by ,frank ,ward ,o',malley on page #bbe has already been cited as an excellent story of pathos1 and the following may be examined as a portrayal of childish loyalty3 ,,silent ,,about ,,bullet ,,in ,,brain ,a tragedy of childhood featuring the loyalty of #aj-year-old ,stephen ,stec to his three years younger brother ,albert1 even when he felt death near1 was brought out at ,kenosha hospital to-day4 ,x-ray pictures showed that the older boy had a bullet from a revolver embedded to a distance of three inches in the brain matter4 ,the boy was shot by his younger brother ,sunday afternoon1 but after they had agreed to keep secret the story of the shooting1 ,stephen1 with the stoicism of a ,spartan1 had refused to tell the story4 ,when the ,x-ray picture revealed his secret he sobbed out1 ,he didn't mean to do it4 ,then he told the story4 ,just ,tired ,out1 ,he ,says ,the two boys had been left at home alone on ,sunday afternoon4 ,their father1 ,albert ,stec1 a prosperous market man1 had warned them never to touch a revolver which lay in a drawer4 ,little ,albert1 not yet #f years old1 got the weapon1 pointed it at the brother1 and pulled the trigger4 ,the bullet entered the back of the other boy's head4 ,the mother1 on her return home1 found the boy on the floor with his little brother keeping a vigil4 ,i'm just tired out1 the boy told his mother4 ,she put him to bed and tucked him away under the covers4 ,with the little brother playing about the bed he went off to sleep4 ,physician ,stumbles ,onto ,secret ,monday morning he appeared sick and remained at home from school4 ,in the afternoon his mother became worried when he failed to recover from drowsiness which had overtaken him and she called ,dr4 ,j4 ,n4 ,pait4 ,the physician made an examination of the boy1 but found nothing to account for his condition4 ,then he rubbed his hand over his head4 ,the telltale blood revealed the fact that the boy had been injured4 ,with the little brother holding on to his coat the boy walked bravely to an automobile and was taken to the ,kenosha hospital1 where the ,x-ray machine revealed his secret4 ,all ,functions ,remain ,normal ,this afternoon at the hospital it was declared that the boy showed no sign of fever and that his pulse was normal4 ,the case is a most remarkable one1 declared ,dr4 ,pait4 ,the boy is cheerful and every organ of the body is performing its functions1 but at that there is the bullet in his brain4 ,we expect sudden collapse in the case1 but a boy as brave as he is should live4 ,the little fellow made no complaint and when the smaller brother was brought to the hospital their greeting was of a most tender nature4 ,that big machine gave it away1 was the way the injured boy broke the story of his seeming faithlessness to his trust4#ej #ej ,chicago ,tribune1 ,march #c1 #aiae4 #bhd4 ,feature ,story ,writers4--,feature stories in the ,sunday supplement are written generally by a regular staff of writers4 ,some of the staff are office men on the pay-roll of the papers4 ,others are regular contributors who fill certain amounts of space each week or month4 ,still others1 specialists in their lines1 write only occasionally1 but deal in a scholarly1 exhaustive way with their subjects4 ,the feature stories in the news columns are written generally by the stronger men on the regular staff of reporters4 ,some papers have regular feature men on whom they rely for human interest stories4 ,and any newspaper man who can handle such stories well may be sure of a place at an advanced salary over the ordinary reporter4 ,feature stories are coming more and more into prominence on the large dailies because of their appeal to all classes of society1 and the beginner1 as soon as he becomes acquainted with his surroundings and gains dexterity in the handling of news1 is advised to try his hand at the human interest type4 ,it will pay1 and success in this field will give a much desired prestige4 ,,xx4 ,,correspondence ,,stories #bhe4 ,correspondence ,work4--,in style and construction correspondence stories are not different from the preceding types of news stories4 ,they are taken up for separate examination because their value as news is reckoned differently1 because the transmission of them by mail1 telegraph1 and telephone is individual1 and because so many reporters have to know how to handle correspondence work4 ,statistics show that #bj1jjj of the #be1jjj newspapers in the ,united ,states are country papers2 and it is from the reporters on these weeklies and small dailies that the big journals obtain most of their state and sectional news4 ,in addition1 every large daily has in the chief cities its representatives who1 while often engaged in regular reporting1 nevertheless do work of a correspondence nature4 ,it is highly advisable1 therefore1 that every newspaper man1 because probably some day he may have to do correspondence work1 should know how to gather1 write1 and file such stories4 #bhf4 ,estimating the ,worth of ,news4--,a correspondent is both like and unlike a regular reporter--like1 in that in his district he is the paper's representative and upon him depends the accurate or inaccurate publication of news2 unlike1 in that he is comparatively free from supervision and direction1 and hence must be discriminating in judging news4 ,it is the correspondent especially who must have the proverbial nose for news1 who must know the difference between information that is nationally and merely locally interesting1 who must be able to tell when a column story in a local paper is not worth a stick in a journal a hundred miles away4 ,the best way to develop this discrimination in appreciation of news is to put oneself in imagination in the place of a resident of ,boston or ,atlanta or ,chicago1 where the paper is published1 and ask oneself if such-and-such an item of news would be interesting were one reading the paper there4 ,for example1 one has just learned that ,andrew ,jones1 the local blacksmith1 has had an explosion of powder in his shop1 causing a loss of a hundred dollars1 with no insurance4 ,one should ask oneself if this story would be worth while to readers who know nothing of ,andrew ,jones or the town where the accident has occurred4 ,manifestly not2 and the story should not be sent4 ,but if one learns that the accident was caused by the premature explosion of a bomb ,jones was making for the destruction of a bridge on the ,great ,southern and ,northern ,railway1 then the information is of more than local interest and should immediately be telegraphed with full details4 ,every correspondent should recognize such differences in news values1 for papers pay1 not according to the amount of copy they receive1 but according to the amount they publish4 ,and on the other hand1 when correspondents telegraph too many useless items1 editors sometimes reverse charges on the unwise writers4 #bhg4 ,what ,not to ,send4--,the first thing to know in correspondence work1 therefore1 is what not to send4 ,never report merely local news1 such as minor accidents1 burglaries1 and robberies2 obituaries1 marriages1 entertainments1 and court trials of little known personages2 murders of obscure persons1 unless unusual in some way or involved in mystery2 county fairs1 fraternal meetings1 high-school commencements1 local picnics and celebrations2 crop and weather conditions1 unless markedly abnormal1 as frost in ,june2 praise of individuals1 hotels1 amusement gardens1 business enterprises generally2 in fact1 any press agent stories4 ,stories trespassing the limits of good taste or decency should of course be suppressed4 ,local gossip affecting the reputations of women1 preachers1 doctors1 and professional men generally should be held until it can be verified4 ,any sensational news1 indeed1 should be carefully investigated before being put on the wires4 ,but as the ,associated ,press says in a pamphlet of instructions to its employees3 ,a rumor of sensational news should not be held too long for verification4 ,if the rumor is not libelous it should be sent immediately as a rumor1 with the addition that the story is being investigated4 ,should the news1 however1 involve persons or firms in a charge that might be libelous1 a note to the editors1 marked ,private1 not for publication1 should be bulletined that such and such a story has come to our attention and is being investigated4 ,while accuracy in ,the ,associated ,press despatches is of the highest value and we would rather be beaten than send out an untruthful statement1 there is such a thing as carrying the effort to secure accuracy so far as to delay the perfectly proper announcement of a rumor4 ,so long as it is a rumor only it should be announced as a rumor4 #bhh4 ,what to ,send4--,after cautioning the correspondent against sending stories containing merely local news1 unfounded rumors1 and details offensive to good taste1 one must leave him to gather for himself what his paper wants4 ,big news1 of course1 is always good2 but those special types of news1 those little hobbies for which individual papers have characteristic weaknesses1 one can learn only by studying the columns of the paper for which one corresponds4 ,some newspapers make specialties of freak news1 such as odd actions of lightning1 three-legged chickens1 etc4 ,others will not consider such stories4 ,one daily in ,america wants a bulletin of every death or injury resulting from celebrations of the ,fourth of ,july4 ,another in a ,middle ,western state wants all sporting news in its state1 particularly that concerning colleges and high schools4 ,still another1 an ,eastern paper this time1 wants educational news--what the colleges are doing4 ,other kinds of information in which individual publications specialize are news of nationally prominent men and women1 human interest love stories1 odd local historical data1 humorous or pathetic animal stories1 golfing anecdotes1 increase or decrease in liquor sales or the number of saloon licenses1 etc4 #bhi4 ,conducting a ,local ,column4--,when conducting a column giving the news of a particular locality or neighborhood1 the one thing not to write is that there is little news in the community this week or to-day4 ,the readers of a column should not be allowed to suspect that one has little information to present4 ,all about one are unnumbered sources of news if the correspondent can only find them--humorous incidents1 reminiscences of old pioneers1 stories of previous extremely wet1 dry1 hot1 or cold seasons1 recollections of ,civil1 ,spanish ,american1 and ,european ,war battles1 etc4 ,such stories may be had for the asking and played up when there is nothing doing this week4 ,the use of good feature stories bearing directly on the life of the community will fill one's column1 put money into one's pocket1 and add readers to the subscription list of the paper4 #bij4 ,stories by ,mail4--,a correspondent's stories may be sent in any one of three ways--by mail1 telephone1 or telegraph4 ,the mail should be used for any stories the time of publication of which is not important1 such as feature stories1 advance stories of speeches1 elections1 state celebrations1 etc4 ,one may use the mail for big stories1 provided there is certainty of the letter reaching the office by #aj3jj ,a4,m4 for afternoon papers and #h3jj ,p4,m4 for morning papers4 ,if the news is big1 it is best to put a special delivery stamp on the envelop and wire the paper of the story by mail4 ,if there is doubt about mail reaching the paper promptly1 use the telegraph every time4 ,when sending photographs illustrating important news events1 one should use special delivery stamps and wire the paper that the pictures are coming4 ,in the case of advance speeches1 where the manuscript is forwarded several days ahead1 the reporter should specify not only the exact day1 but the precise hour for release of the speech1 and at the time stated he should wire definite release1--that the address has been given1 the speaker beginning at such and such an hour4 ,the necessity of keeping close future books and of keeping the state or telegraph editor in intimate touch by mail with coming events may be urged upon all correspondents4 ,a single event properly played up by a skillful correspondent may be made productive1 before its occurrence1 of three or four attractive mail stories4 ,and it is the quantity of such stories that adds to the reporter's much desired revenue4 #bia4 ,stories by ,telephone4--,the telephone is used when the mails are too slow or a telegraph office is not convenient1 or when there is need of getting into personal communication with the office4 ,in using the telephone one caution only may be given1 that the correspondent should never call up the state editor with merely a jumble of facts at hand4 ,long-distance messages are costly and editors watch all calls closely in an effort to reduce tolls to a minimum4 ,if possible1 the correspondent should have his story written--certainly he should have it sketched on paper--before calling the office1 so that he may dictate his news in the shortest possible time4 #bib4 ,stories by ,telegraph4--,the telegraph is for stories demanding immediacy of print1 and certain rules govern their handling that every correspondent should know4 ,suppose at six o'clock some afternoon an automobile owned and driven by ,otto ,thomson1 receiving teller for the local ,commercial ,bank1 skids over a slippery1 tar-covered pavement into a telegraph pole on one of the main streets of the town1 killing him and severely injuring two women in the car4 ,what should the correspondent do in such a case8 ,the accident is good for a half-column in ,the ,herald1 the local morning daily1 but because ,thomson was only moderately prominent1 one is doubtful if it is worth much in ,the ,world1 the great daily a hundred miles away4 ,after considering all the details1 however1--,thomson's position locally and the fact that the city may be held liable for the excess of tar at a dangerous turn in the streets1--the reporter may conclude that the story is worth four hundred words4 ,he is still doubtful1 however1 whether the city paper will consider it worth publishing4 ,his message1 therefore1--technically known as a query--should be3 ,otto ,thomson1 receiving teller ,commercial ,bank1 killed at six ,p4,m4 by automobile skidding into telegraph pole4 ,two women in car injured4 ,four hundred4 #h3ce ,p4,m4 ,a4 ,d4 ,anderson ,this means that the correspondent is prepared to wire a #djj-word story about the accidental death of ,otto ,thomson4 ,it tells1 too1 that the query was filed at #h3ce1 so that blame may be placed if delivery is delayed4 ,there is no need to ask if the paper wants further details or how much it wants4 ,the message itself is an inquiry4 ,one other important point about it is that it bulletins the news4 ,it is not a blind query stating that a prominent citizen has been killed or that a regrettable tragedy has occurred4 ,it gives the facts concisely1 so that the editor1 if he wishes1 may publish them immediately and may decide whether additional details are worth while4 #bic4 ,waiting for the ,reply4--,while the correspondent is waiting for the reply1 he should begin his story and1 if possible1 have it ready by the time the dispatch comes4 ,the most important details should be placed first1 of course1 so that if the state editor asks for fewer than four hundred words1 the correspondent will have to kill only the last paragraph or so and send the first part of the story as originally written4 ,there is no need of skeletonizing the story to lessen telegraphic charges3 that is1 of omitting the's1 a's1 an's1 is's1 etc4 ,the small amount saved in this way is more than offset by the additional time and cost of editing in the office4 #bid4 ,the ,reply4--,in fifteen or twenty minutes1 or perhaps a half-hour1 a reply will come1 reading1 say1 ,rush three hundred banker's death4 ,this means that the correspondent must keep his story within three hundred words1--an injunction which he must observe strictly4 ,woe to the self-confident writer who sends five hundred words when three hundred have been ordered4 ,he will receive a prompt reprimand for his first offense and probable discharge for the second4 ,if1 however1 he has used his time wisely since sending the query and has written his story rightly1 he will have no trouble in lopping off the final paragraph and putting the three hundred words on the wire within a few minutes after receipt of the order4 #bie4 ,no ,reply4--,the correspondent need not be surprised or chagrined1 however1 if no reply comes1--the paper's silence meaning that the story is not wanted4 ,the accident may have been covered by one of the regular news bureaus--the ,associated ,press1 the ,united ,press1 or possibly a local news-gathering organization4 ,or the bulletin itself may have been all the paper wanted1--due credit and pay for which the correspondent will receive at the end of the month4 ,or the story may have been crowded out by news of greater importance4 ,this last reason is a very possible one1 which every correspondent should consider whenever a story breaks4 ,the space value of a paper's columns doubles and quadruples as press time approaches1--so that a story which would be given generous space if received at eight o'clock may be thrown into the wastebasket if received four hours later4 #bif4 ,hours for ,filing4--,the extreme hours for filing dispatches to catch the various editions are worth noting and remembering4 ,for an afternoon paper the story should be in the hands of the telegraph operator not later than #i3jj ,a4,m4 for the noon edition1 #ab3jj ,m4 for the three o'clock1 and #b3jj ,p4,m4 for the five o'clock edition4 ,if the news is extraordinary--big enough to justify ripping open the front page--it may be filed as late as #b3cj ,p4,m41 though the columns of an afternoon paper are practically closed to correspondents after #ab3cj or #a3jj ,p4,m4 ,any news occurring after #b3cj ,p4,m4 should be filed as early as possible1 but should be marked ,n4 ,p4 ,r4 7night press rate71 so that it will be sent after #f3jj ,p4,m41 when telegraphic charges are smaller4 ,for a morning paper news may be filed as late as #b3jj ,a4,m41 though the columns are practically closed to correspondents after midnight4 #big4 ,big ,news4--,when big or unusual news breaks1--news about which there is no doubt of the general interest1--the correspondent should bulletin a lead immediately1 with the probable length of the story and the time of filing affixed4 ,thus3 ,marietta1 ,ga41 ,aug4 #ag4--,leo ,m4 ,frank1 whom the ,georgia courts declared guilty of the murder of fourteen-year-old ,mary ,phagan of ,marietta1 was lynched two miles from here at an early hour this morning4 ,frank was brought in an automobile to ,marietta by a band of twenty-five masked men who stormed the ,milledgeville prison farm shortly after midnight4 ,two thousand4 #h3ce4 ,sherman ,then--particularly if the hour is nearing press time--the correspondent should follow as rapidly as possible with instalments of the detailed story1 without waiting for a reply to the bulletin lead4 ,when there is doubt about the length1 editors would rather have one not take chances on delaying the news1--would rather have too much of a story than too little4 ,besides1 a writer cannot get further than the second or third instalment before specific orders will arrive from the paper4 #bih4 ,the ,detailed ,story4--,after the lead1 the details follow as in a normal story1 the individual instalments being given the operator as fast as he can take them1 each one marked ,more except the last1 which is marked #cj4 ,thus the continuation of the bulletin lead of the ,frank lynching just given would be3 ,not one of the armed prison guards1 according to the best information now obtainable1 raised a hand to prevent the mob accomplishing its purpose4 ,frank was taken from his cell and rushed to a spot previously chosen for the lynching1 about a hundred miles from the prison4 ,not a soul1 it is said1 knew positively whether the men were his friends or his enemies until the lifeless body was discovered this morning4 ,more4 #h3de ,p4 ,m4 ,sherman ,then the final instalment might read3 ,the rope placed around ,frank's neck was tied in such a way as to reopen the wound caused some weeks ago when a fellow prisoner attempted to kill him by cutting his throat4 ,loss of blood from the re-opened wound no doubt would have caused his death had he not strangled4 ,thirty4 #i3ae4 ,sherman ,the thirty is the telegrapher's signal indicating the completion of the story4 #bii4 ,sporting ,news4--,in handling sporting news a few specific instructions are needful1 the first being the necessity of absolute impartiality in all controversies4 ,local rival sportsmen in their keen desire to win are continually breeding quarrels1 which frequently make it difficult for the observer not to be biased2 but the correspondent must be careful to present simple facts only1 without editorializing4 ,the need of filing all afternoon scores by #g3cj ,p4,m41 with #h3jj ,p4,m4 as the outside limit1 should also be noted4 ,morning papers put their sporting news on inside pages and must make up the forms early4 ,there is need of the utmost caution in having the news correct1 particularly the box scores of baseball games1 which have an unhappy way of failing to balance when one compares individual scores with the totals4 ,in all contests where a seeming new record has been made1 the correspondent should be sure of the record before telegraphing it as such4 ,if there is the slightest doubt1 report it as what is said to be a record4 ,finally1 one should be cautioned against reporting mere high-school contests1 boxing bouts between local men1 and other sporting news possessing limited interest only4 #cjj4 ,general ,instructions4--,in conclusion1 a few general instructions may be given for the guidance of correspondents3 #a4 ,when forwarding time stories1 advance manuscript of speeches1 cuts1 etc41 send by mail4 ,the express companies do not deliver at night4 #b4 ,in telegrams spell out round numbers2 and mark the beginning of speeches by the word quote1 and the end by end quote4 #c4 ,keep the telegraph companies informed always of your street address and telephone number4 ,it is well also to maintain friendly relations with the operators4 ,frequently they can be of valuable service to a correspondent4 #d4 ,finish all incomplete stories4 ,it sometimes happens that one will wire a dispatch of the beginning of a seeming big fire or a seeming great murder mystery1 which the paper will feature as important news1 but which later will prove of no worth4 ,such stories should be cleared up and the results made known to avoid keeping the paper in a quandary over the outcome4 #e4 ,when reporting fires1 accidents1 disasters1 etc41 locate the scene as accurately as possible4 ,this is sometimes accomplished by reference to well-known buildings or landmarks1 in addition to the exact street location4 #f4 ,when a big story breaks1 go after it1 no matter if there is need of incurring expense4 ,papers will stand any reasonable expense for valuable news4 #g4 ,never forget the worth of sending time4 ,every minute is valuable4 #h4 ,until you have received your first check1 clip and keep every story printed4 ,most papers keep their own accounts with correspondents1 but some require them to send in at the end of each month their string3 that is1 all their stories pasted together end to end4 ,payment is then made on the basis of the number of columns1 the rates varying from #b to #g a column of #aejj words4 ,,appendix ,,style-,,book ,i4 ,,handling ,,copy #a4 ,definition4--,copy is any manuscript prepared for printing1 and is written according to the individual style rules of each newspaper4 ,the first thing for a reporter to do on beginning work in an office is to ask for the style-book1 the manual for the guidance of reporters1 copy-readers1 and compositors4 ,the chances are nine to one that the paper will not have such a book1 since only the larger dailies print their rules of style1 and that the reporter must study the columns of the paper and the changes made in his own stories for the individual office rules4 ,if the paper happens to be the tenth one1 however1 the reporter should employ every spare moment studying the manual and should write every story1 even his first one1 as nearly as possible in accord with the printed rules1 as the copy readers will insist on a strict observance of the regulations4 ,many of the rules will be mere don'ts1 embodying common errors of diction4 ,others may be particular aversions of the editor or the head copy-reader and may have little regard for or relation to best usage4 ,but such rules must be observed1 even though they may be as absurd and contrary to all custom1 as that of one metropolitan paper which makes its reporters write ,farwell-av1 a usage peculiar to that journal4 ,all such requirements may be found in the style-book1 which1 whenever in doubt1 the reporter should consult rather than the columns of the paper1 as the paper is not always reliable4 ,uncorrected matter is frequently hurried into the forms1 causing variations that the rules of composition forbid4 #b4 ,the ,typewriter4--,the first requirement in preparing copy is a knowledge of how to handle a typewriter dexterously4 ,in all offices the reporters are furnished with typewriters1 and one is helpless until one learns how to use a machine4 ,longhand copy rarely is sent to the compositors nowadays4 ,if such copy comes into the office1 it is generally given to stenographers or reporters to type before being dispatched to the composing room4 #c4 ,longhand ,copy4--,at times1 however1 when away from the office1 one cannot obtain a machine and must write in longhand4 ,in such cases1 write with painstaking care for accuracy4 ,other things being equal1 it is the legible copy that survives4 ,unusual proper names and technical words that are liable to be mistaken in copying should be printed letter by letter4 ,if there is a possibility at any time of confusing an o with an a1 or a u with an n1 the u and a should be underscored and the n and o overscored4 ,quotation-marks should be enclosed in half-circles--thus1 _/jag_/--to show whether they are beginning or end marks4 ,and instead of a period1 a small cross should be used1 or else the period be enclosed in a circle4 #d4 ,paper4--,writing paper is always supplied in the office4 ,even when one is a correspondent in a neighboring town1 stationery1 including self-addressed envelopes1 is frequently furnished by the journal for which one corresponds4 ,some newspapers1 however1 do not provide writing supplies4 ,in such cases the correspondent should choose unglazed paper of a neutral tint--gray1 yellow1 or manila brown4 ,the paper most commonly used is unruled print paper #f x #i or #h-a_/b x #aa inches in size and of sufficient firmness to permit use of either ink or pencil4 #e4 ,margins4--,except for the writer's name in a ring at the extreme left corner of the page1 the top half of the first page of copy should be left blank1 so that the headlines may be written there by the headline writer4 ,all the sheets should have a margin of an inch at the bottom and at each side of the paper1 and all other sheets than the first should have a margin of an inch at the top4 ,the side margins are necessary for the corrections of the copy editors2 the margins at the bottom are for convenience in pasting the sheets together2 and the top margins are necessary for paging4 #f4 ,paragraph ,indention4--,all paragraphs1 including the first1 should be indented an inch1 irrespective of where the preceding paragraph has ended1 and should be marked with the paragraph sign1 a rectangle 7,l7 placed before the first word4 ,if two paragraphs have been run together thoughtlessly and it is necessary to separate them1 insert the paragraph symbol 77 immediately before the word beginning the new paragraph and write the same symbol in the margin4 ,if the paragraph completes the page1 a paragraph sign also should be put at the end1 to indicate to the compositor that he may conclude his take with a broken line4 ,no other lines than the first lines of paragraphs--quotations and summaries of course excepted--should be indented4 #g4 ,consolidation of ,paragraphs4--,when it is necessary to consolidate two paragraphs that have been written separately1 draw a line from the end of the first to the beginning of the second and mark ,no in the margin4 ,use the same method when several lines or sentences have been canceled and the matter is meant to be continuous4 ,or when a new sentence has been indented unnecessarily1 no paragraph being needed1 draw a line from the first word to the left margin and mark ,no there4 ,if a sentence ends at the foot of a sheet1 but the paragraph continues on the next page1 draw a diagonal line from the last word to the right corner at the foot of the page1 and on the next sheet draw a diagonal line from the upper left corner to the first word of the new sentence4 ,these lines indicate to the compositor that any take ending with the first page or beginning with the second is not complete and may not conclude with a broken line or begin with an indented one4 #h4 ,crowded ,lines4--,do not crowd lines together4 ,when the copy is typewritten1 adjust the machine to make triple spaces between lines4 ,when it is necessary to write the copy in longhand1 leave a quarter-inch space between lines4 ,crowded lines saddle much extra trouble upon copy-readers1 compelling them to cut and paste many times to make necessary corrections4 ,exception to the rule against crowded lines is made only when one has a paragraph a trifle too long for a page4 ,it is better to crowd the last lines of a page a trifle than to run two or three words of a paragraph over to a new page4 #i4 ,the ,pages4--,if a paragraph would normally begin on the last line of a page1 leave the line blank and start the new paragraph on a fresh sheet of paper4 ,one may not write on more than one side of a sheet1 not even if there are only two or three words to go on the next page4 ,in the offices of the big dailies each sheet is cut into takes1 numbered consecutively1 and sent to as many different compositors4 ,irremediable confusion would be caused for a foreman who tried to handle copy written on both sides1 for each take would contain a part of some other compositor's copy4 ,the new page1 too1 should be numbered at the top with an arabic1 not a roman1 numeral4 ,and in order to prevent the figure from being mistaken for a part of the article1 it should be enclosed in a circle4 #aj4 ,insertions4--,the reporter should make as few corrections as possible4 ,but where any considerable addition or insertion is found necessary on a page1 instead of writing the addition in the margin or on a separate sheet1 cut the page and paste in the addition4 ,the sheet may be made the same length as its fellows by folding the lower edge forward upon the written page4 ,if it is folded backward1 the fold is liable to be unnoticed1 and therefore may cause confusion4 #aa4 ,add ,stories4--,when a story is incomplete1 either by reason of the end of the page being reached or because all the story is not yet in1 write the word ,more in a circle at the foot of the page1 the purpose of the circle being to prevent the compositor from mistaking the word for a part of the story4 ,add stories1--stories that follow others already written or in type1--are marked with the catch line and the number of the addition4 ,thus the first addition to a story about a saloon robbery would be marked1 ,add #a1 ,saloon ,robbery2 and the second would be1 ,add #b1 ,saloon ,robbery4 ,an insert into the story would be slugged1 ,insert ,a1 ,saloon ,robbery2 and the precise place of the insert would be indicated at the top of the inserted page3 ,insert after first paragraph of lead1 ,saloon ,robbery4 ,such directions are always enclosed in rings so that the compositor may not set them in the story4 #ab4 ,illustrations1 ,clippings4--,if cuts or illustrations are to be printed with the copy1 indicate as nearly as possible where they will appear in the printed story by ,turn rule for cut4 ,that says to the compositor1 ,make in the proofs a black ruled line for later insertion of a cut4 ,the make-up editor may change the position of the cut to obtain a better balance of illustrations on the page or to avoid putting the picture where the paper will fold1 but the direction will be worth while as an aid in placing the illustration accurately4 ,clippings included in the story should be pasted in the copy4 ,pins and clips slip easily and may cause loss of the clipping4 #ac4 ,underscoring4--,underscore once for italics1 twice for ,,small ,,capitals1 and three times for ,,capitals4 ,use wave-line underscoring to indicate display type4 ,many newspapers have abandoned italic type and small capitals altogether1 because their linotype machines carry only two kinds of type1 and black-face type is needed for headlines1 etc4 ,because of this1 where one formerly might underscore a word for emphasis1 it is necessary now to reword the sentence altogether4 #ad4 ,corrections4--,when it is necessary to strike out letters or words from copy1 run the pen or pencil through them and draw a line between those to be set up together4 ,do not enclose in parentheses words to be erased4 ,a printer will not omit1 but will set up in type1 parentheses and everything enclosed within them4 ,when a letter or word has been wrongly stricken out1 it may be restored by making a series of dots immediately beneath and writing the word stet in the margin4 ,two letters1 words1 or phrases that one wishes transposed may be so indicated by drawing a continuous line over the first and under the second and writing tr in the margin4 ,a capital letter that should be a small letter may be so indicated by drawing a line downward from right to left through the letter4 ,because of the haste frequently necessary in writing copy1 it has become a trick of the trade to enclose within a circle an abbreviation1 a figure1 or an ampersand that the writer desires the printer to spell out in full4 ,do not ring a figure or a number1 however1 without being sure it should be spelled out4 ,it is much easier for a copy-reader to ring a number that needs to be spelled out than to erase an unnecessary circle4 ,if it is necessary to have the printer set up slangy1 misspelled1 or improperly capitalized words1 or ungrammatical or poorly punctuated sentences1 put in the margin1 ,follow ,copy4 ,for illustrations of these corrections1 the reader may examine the specimen proof sheet on page #bgf4 #ae4 ,the ,end4--,mark the completion of the story with an end mark1 a 1 or the figure #cj in a circle1 the telegrapher's sign indicating the end of a day or a night report4 ,then read carefully every page of the copy1 correcting every error1 no matter how slight4 ,finally1 give it to the city editor1 unfolded if possible1 but never rolled4 ,if it is inconvenient to keep the pages flat1 they may be folded lengthwise4 ,folding crosswise makes the copy inconvenient to handle4 ,the sheets should not be pinned together4 ,the pin betrays the novice4 #af4 ,the ,story in ,type4--,a reporter should read his story with painstaking care after it has appeared in print1 to detect any errors that may have crept into it since it left his hands and to note what changes have been made at the city desk4 ,it is told of a reporter1 now a star man on a leading ,new ,york daily1 that he used to keep carbon copies of all his stories and compare them word for word with the articles as they appeared in the paper4 ,only in this way can a writer change his style for the better and learn what is expected of him4 ,,ii4 ,,punctuation #ag4 ,rules4--,while every well-regulated newspaper has rules of its own governing the use of capital letters1 commas1 dashes1 parentheses1 and other marks of punctuation1 and any article written by a reporter will be punctuated according to the individual style of the paper in which it is printed1 no matter how it may have been punctuated originally1 it is nevertheless worth while to offer the following general rules of punctuation for the guidance of news writers4 ,and it would be well for every properly trained journalist to have these rules well in hand2 for in the eyes of the editor and the printer1 bad punctuation is worse than bad spelling1 because the meaning of a misspelled word usually can be deciphered1 while that of an improperly punctuated sentence is often hopeless4 ,for one1 therefore1 who hopes to do successful journalistic work a thorough knowledge of the following rules of punctuation is practically a necessity4 #a4 ,capital ,letters #ah4 ,proper ,names4--,capitalize all proper names4 ,a proper name is one that designates a particular person1 place1 or thing4 ,in particular3 #ai4 ,titles of ,books1 etc4--,capitalize the first word and all the important words in the titles of books1 newspapers1 magazines1 magazine articles1 poems1 plays1 pictures1 etc43 that is1 the first word and all other words except articles1 demonstratives1 prepositions1 conjunctions1 auxiliary verbs1 relative pronouns1 and other pronouns in the possessive case4 ,a the preceding the title of a newspaper or a magazine is regarded as part of the title and is capitalized4 ,right4--,two copies of ,the ,atlanta ,constitution were produced4 #bj4 ,names and ,titles of the ,deity4--,capitalize names and titles of the ,deity and of ,jesus ,christ4 #ba4 ,names of the ,bible4--,capitalize names of the ,bible and other sacred books1 of the versions of the ,bible1 and of the books and divisions of the ,bible and other sacred books4 ,do not capitalize adjectives derived from such names4 ,right4--,the ,koran1 the ,septuagint1 the ,old ,testament1 ,psalms2 but biblical1 scriptural1 apocryphal4 #bb4 ,titles of ,respect1 ,honor1 ,office1 or ,profession4--,capitalize titles of respect1 honor1 nobility1 office1 or profession when such titles immediately precede proper names4 ,do not capitalize such titles elsewhere in the sentence4 ,the prefix ex- before a title is not capitalized and does not affect the capitalization of the title4 ,right4--,the ,rev4 ,samuel ,plantz1 ,president ,wilson1 ex-,president ,roosevelt1 ,senator ,newlands4 ,right4--,the archbishop and the senator were in conference all the morning with ,mr4 ,bryan1 former secretary of state under ,president ,wilson4 #bc4 ,names ,indicating ,nationality or ,locality4--,capitalize names distinguishing nationality or locality3 as1 ,yankee1 ,creole1 ,hoosier1 ,wolverines4 #bd4 ,names of ,athletic ,teams4--,capitalize names of athletic teams3 as1 ,giants1 ,cubs1 ,badgers1 ,tigers1 ,maroons4 #be4 ,festivals and ,holidays4--,begin the names of festivals and holidays with capital letters3 as1 ,easter1 ,thanksgiving1 ,christmas1 ,labor day4 #bf4 ,societies1 ,political ,parties1 etc4--,write with capitals the names of clubs1 secret societies1 religious denominations1 colleges1 political parties1 corporations1 railroads1 and organizations generally3 as ,riverview ,country club1 ,elks1 ,baptist church1 ,mills college1 ,republican party1 ,santa ,fe railroad1 etc4 #bg4 ,ordinal ,numbers4--,ordinal numbers used to denote sessions of congress1 political divisions1 and city wards are written with capital letters3 as1 ,sixty-second congress1 ,tenth precinct1 ,third ward1 etc4 #bh4 ,names of ,buildings1 ,squares1 ,parks1 etc4--,names of buildings1 blocks1 squares1 parks1 drives1 etc41 are capitalized3 as1 ,times building1 ,temple block1 ,yellowstone park1 ,sheridan road1 etc4 #bi4 ,common ,nouns ,joined with ,proper ,names4--,capitalize any common noun joined with a proper name and meaning the same thing1 when the common noun precedes4 ,do not capitalize the common noun if it follows the proper name4 ,thus3 ,columbia university1 ,university of ,chicago1 ,first ,presbyterian church1 ,church of the ,savior1 ,national ,bank of ,north ,america1 ,first ,national bank1 ,memorial day1 ,fourth of ,july4 #cj4 ,boards1 ,committees1 ,legislative ,bodies1 etc4--,do not capitalize names of boards1 bureaus1 offices1 departments1 committees1 legal1 legislative1 and political bodies1 etc41 when standing alone3 as1 school board1 weather bureau1 war office1 health department1 nominating committee1 assembly1 state senate1 lower house1 city council4 #ca4 ,prefixes von1 de1 etc4--,do not capitalize the prefixes von1 de1 di1 le1 la1 etc41 except when they begin a sentence3 as1 ,capt4 von ,papen4 #cb4 ,toasts4--,in toasts1 capitalize all the important words in the phrase indicating the person1 the place1 or the cause to which the toast is made3 as1 ,my ,country--,may it always be right2 but1 right or wrong1 my country4 #cc4 ,nouns ,followed by ,numerals4--,do not capitalize a noun followed by a numeral indicating position1 place1 or order of sequence3 as1 lot #ad1 block #c2 article ,,iii1 section #f1 act v1 etc4 #cd4 ,resolutions for ,debate4--,in resolutions for debate1 capitalize the ,resolved and the ,that following4 ,right4--,resolved1 ,that ,missouri should establish schedules of minimum wages for workmen1 constitutionality conceded4 #b4 ,the ,period #ce4 ,roman ,numerals4--,omit the period after roman numerals3 as1 ,louis ,,xiv of ,france4 #cf4 ,abbreviations4--,place a period after abbreviated words and after single or double initial letters representing single words3 as1 ,wm41 ,thos41 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 etc4 #cg4 ,contractions4--,do not put a period after contracted words1 including nicknames3 as1 ,bill1 ,tom1 can't1 hadn't1 etc4 #ch4 ,side-,heads4--,put a period after side-heads1 including figures at the beginning of a paragraph4 ,compare1 for example1 the period after ,side-,heads at the beginning of this paragraph4 #c4 ,the ,colon #ci4 ,formal ,quotations4--,a colon is used to introduce a formal quotation4 ,right4--,the author also makes this significant statement3 ,there is every reason to believe that this disease plays a larger part in the production of idiocy than has hitherto been admitted by writers on insanity4 #dj4 ,formal ,enumerations4--,in lists of the dead1 injured1 persons present1 and similar enumerations of particulars1 use a colon to introduce the series4 ,right4--,only four patrons appeared in this morning's police matinee3 ,chip ,owens1 ,allie ,mc,gowan1 ,alfonso ,blas1 and ,nick ,muskowitz4 #da4 ,time ,indications4--,in time indications and records place a colon between hours and minutes1 and minutes and seconds3 as1 ,gates open1 #b3cj2 ,time1 #a3db4 #db4 ,general ,usage4--,in general1 use a colon after any word1 phrase1 or clause when that which follows explains or makes clear what precedes4 #d4 ,the ,semicolon #dc4 ,compound ,sentences4--,a semicolon is used in compound sentences to separate independent clauses that have no connective between4 ,the semicolon in such constructions1 however1 is fast disappearing from newspaper columns4 ,complex constructions are avoided4 ,usage favors making a separate sentence of the second clause4 ,right4--,brown came first2 ,johnson followed five seconds later1 with ,jones third4 ,permissible4--,the murder was committed sometime before #ab3jj o'clock2 at #h3jj this morning the murderer was in jail4 ,better4--,the murder was committed sometime before #ab3jj o'clock4 ,at #h3jj this morning the murderer was in jail4 #dd4 ,lists4--,in lists of dead1 injured1 guests1 etc41 where the name of the town from which the persons come or the place of residence is given1 separate the different names by semicolons4 ,right4--,among those present were3 ,allen ,rogers of ,las ,vegas1 ,n4 ,m42 ,orren ,thomas of ,benton1 ,mo42 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,henry ,barnes of ,sioux ,city1 ,ia4 #de4 ,athletic ,results4--,in football1 baseball1 and similar athletic results1 use a semicolon to separate the names of the teams and their scores3 as1 ,cornell1 #ba2 ,syracuse1 #ad4 #df4 ,instead of ,commas4--,a semicolon may be used instead of a comma when a clause or sentence is so broken up by commas as to need some other mark of punctuation to keep the larger phrase- and clause-relations clear4 #e4 ,the ,comma #dg4 ,parenthetic ,expressions4--,parenthetic words1 phrases1 and clauses1 whether used at the beginning1 middle1 or end of a sentence1 are set off by commas when they cause a marked interruption between grammatically connected parts of the sentence4 ,if in doubt about the need of a comma1 omit it4 ,right4--,he1 like many others1 believes firmly in the rightness of the new movement4 #dh4 ,words in ,apposition4--,a word in apposition with another word and meaning the same thing should be set off by commas4 ,right4--,henry ,owen1 lineman for the local telegraph company1 was the only witness of the accident4 #di4 ,with namely1 that is1 etc4--,a comma is placed before and1 namely1 viz41 that is1 i4e41 as1 to wit1 etc41 when introducing an example1 an illustration1 or an explanation4 #ej4 ,contrasted ,words and ,phrases4--,set off contrasted words and phrases with commas4 ,right4--,hard work1 not genius1 was what enabled him to succeed4 ,right4--,the faster they work1 the better they are paid4 #ea4 ,introductory ,words and ,phrases4--,introductory words1 phrases1 and clauses at the beginning of a sentence1 when they modify the whole sentence and serve as a connective1 are set off by commas4 ,right4--,yes1 he had even tried to bribe the officer4 ,right4--,on the other hand1 the prisoner had taken her for a member of the gang4 #eb4 ,in ,direct ,address4--,words used in direct address are set off by commas4 ,right4--,mark this1 gentlemen of the jury1 in his list of forgeries4 #ec4 ,explanatory ,dates and ,names4--,a date explaining a previous date or a geographical name explaining a previous name is set off by commas4 ,right4--,on ,april #b1 #aiaf1 she was arrested at ,chicago1 ,ill4 #ed4 ,phrases ,indicating ,residence1 ,position1 or ,title4--,omit the comma before of in phrases indicating residence1 position1 or title4 ,right4--,among the out-of-town guests were ,miss ,helen ,hahn of ,gainesville1 ,mrs4 ,henry ,bushman of ,athens1 and ,orren ,cramer of ,atlanta4 ,right4--,dwight ,o4 ,conklin of the ,bessemer ,smelting ,company was the chief speaker4 #ee4 ,academic and ,honorary ,titles4--,academic and honorary titles are set off from proper names and from each other by commas3 as1 ,president ,o4 ,n4 ,fowler1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 #ef4 ,names ,followed by ,initials4--,baptismal names or initials following a surname are set off by commas3 as1 ,arendale1 ,charles ,v4 #eg4 ,words1 ,phrases1 and ,clauses in a ,series4--,the members of a series of two or more words1 phrases1 or clauses standing in the same relation and not connected by conjunctions1 are separated by commas4 ,when the series consists of three or more members and a conjunction is used to connect only the last two1 the comma may or may not be put before the conjunction4 ,better usage1 however1 favors the inclusion of the comma4 ,right4--,the teller was kicked1 beaten1 and robbed by four masked men4 #eh4 ,after ,interjections4--,interjections that are but slightly exclamatory are followed by commas4 ,the following distinctions in the use of the interjections ,o and oh may be noted3 oh generally takes a comma after it1 ,o never2 except at the beginning of a sentence1 oh is written with a small letter1 ,o always with a capital2 and oh is used always by itself1 while ,o properly comes only in direct address3 as1 ,o ,lord of life4 ,right4--,ah1 the happy days and the happy city6 ,right4--,oh1 but the way the boys splashed6 #ei4 ,short ,quotations and ,maxims4--,set off short informal quotations and maxims with commas4 ,right4--,he was last heard to say1 ,if ,i don't return in time1 call up the office4 #fj4 ,in ,large ,numbers4--,use commas to separate large numbers into groups of three figures each3 as1 #b1eah1fge4 ,omit the comma1 however1 in dates and in street1 telephone1 and automobile numbers4 #fa4 ,athletic ,scores4--,in football1 baseball1 and similar records1 place a comma between the name of the team and its score3 as1 ,new ,orleans1 #g2 ,memphis1 #d4 #fb4 ,biblical ,passages4--,place a comma between chapter and verse in citations of biblical passages3 as1 ,john #b1 #ae4 #fc4 ,resolutions for ,debate4--,in resolutions for debate1 put a comma after ,resolved4 ,right4--,resolved1 ,that women should be given the right of suffrage4 #fd4 ,general ,usage4--,in general1 use a comma to mark any distinct pause not indicated by other marks of punctuation1 and to make clear any word1 phrase1 or clause that may be obscure without a comma4 ,but do not use commas except when they are a distinct necessity4 ,omit them except when they are needful for emphasis or for the clearness of the sentence4 #f4 ,the ,dash #fe4 ,sudden ,break in ,thought4--,use a dash to mark a sudden suspension of the thought or a violent break in the construction of the sentence4 ,right4--,you mean to say--,just what are you talking about8 he questioned awkwardly4 #ff4 ,date ,lines4--,in stories written under a date line place a dash between the date or the ,special and the beginning of the story4 ,thus3 ,sylvester1 ,ga41 ,jan4 #ba4--;,five negroes were taken from the county jail and lynched at an early hour this morning4 #fg4 ,after namely1 viz41 etc4--,place a dash after namely1 as1 that is1 viz41 etc41 when introducing an example or an illustration4 ,right4--,the mob seemed to hold him responsible for two things1 namely--the lost key and the barred door4 #fh4 ,lists of ,officers4--,in giving lists of officers1 put a dash between the name of the office and the officer4 ,thus3 ,the newly elected officers are3 ,president--,o4 ,n4 ,homer2 ,vice ,president--,abner ,king2 ,secretary--,david ,thoeder2 ,treasurer--,mark ,bronson4 #fi4 ,dialogue1 ,questions and ,answers4--,in quoting questions and answers1 proceedings of public bodies or trials1 and dialogue generally1 put a dash between the ,q4 or the ,a41 or the name of the speaker1 and the statement made4 ,and make a new paragraph for each speaker4 ,thus3 ,q4--,are you a resident of ,montana8 ,a4--,i have been for four years4 #gj4 ,slowness of ,speech4--,put a dash between words or phrases to indicate slowness or hesitancy in speech4 ,thus3 ,these1 he said1 were his--er--wife's slippers4 #g4 ,parentheses #ga4 ,political ,parties4--,in legislative or congressional reports in which the political affiliation of a member1 or the state or county from which he comes1 is given1 enclose the party1 state1 or county name in parentheses3 as1 ,mr4 ,smith 7,dem41 ,s4 ,c471 ,mr4 ,harris 7,jefferson74 #gb4 ,general ,usage4--,avoid the use of parentheses within sentences4 ,two short sentences are better than one long one containing a parenthetic expression4 ,a sentence having a clause within marks of parentheses can generally be cut into two sentences and for newspaper purposes made more effective4 #h4 ,quotation-,marks #gc4 ,direct ,quotations4--,quotation-marks are used to set off direct quotations printed in the same type and style as the remainder of the story4 ,a quotation coming within a quotation is set off by single quotation-marks2 and a third quotation coming within single quotation-marks is set off by double marks again4 ,do not fail to put quotes at the end of a quotation4 ,this very common error1 failure to include the end quotes1 is a source of great annoyance to printers and proof-readers4 #gd4 ,quoted ,paragraphs4--,when a quotation includes more than one paragraph set in the same type and style as the context1 put quotation-marks at the beginning of each paragraph1 but omit them at the end of every paragraph except the last4 ,in this way the quotation is shown to be continuous4 ,as a rule1 a quotation of more than one sentence is written in a separate paragraph4 ,when the quotation is to be set in smaller type than the body of the story1 all quotation-marks at the beginning and end of the paragraphs are omitted4 #ge4 ,quotations and ,summaries4--,when reporting a speech or interview and alternately summarizing and quoting verbatim1 do not include in the same paragraph a direct quotation and a condensed summary of what precedes or follows4 ,make a separate paragraph for each4 ,thus3 ,shall we continue to listen to a wandering voice as imbecile as our condition8 said the speaker4 ,when this voice recently was removed from the counsels of our government1 we thought1 good easy souls1 that we had got rid of it forever4 ,has ,mr4 ,bryan proved himself so good a prophet in the past that we can afford to trust him in the future8 ,personally1 ,i have never believed in ,mr4 ,bryan's wisdom1 and ,i grant him sincerity only because the point is not worth arguing4 ,mr4 ,eastbrook said1 amid applause1 that to say the nation is too big or too proud to fight in self-defense is absurd4 ,to say that a mob of a million or so of untrained citizenry could leap to arms and put to flight the bullet-tested soldiery of ,europe is worse than puerile--is murderous stupidity1 he declared4444 #gf4 ,books1 ,plays1 etc4--,enclose in quotation-marks the titles of books1 dramas1 songs1 poems1 stories1 magazine articles1 toasts1 and lectures4 #gg4 ,newspapers1 ,vessels1 etc4--,do not quote the names of newspapers1 magazines1 paintings1 vessels1 cars1 or animals4 #gh4 ,slang and ,technical ,terms4--,enclose in quotation-marks slang and technical terms that are supposedly unfamiliar to the reader4 #gi4 ,nicknames4--,do not quote nicknames of persons or of characters in plays or novels3 as1 ,ty ,cobb1 ,t4 ,r41 ,heinie ,zim1 ,becky ,sharp1 etc4 #i4 ,the ,apostrophe #hj4 ,possessive ,case4--,use an apostrophe and an s to indicate the possessive case singular1 no matter whether the word ends in one or two s's3 as1 ,burns's house1 ,furness's hat4#ea ,use the apostrophe and s to indicate the possessive case plural when the plural does not end in s3 as1 men's meeting1 children's shoes4 ,use only the apostrophe to indicate the possessive case plural when the plural ends in s3 as1 boys' hats1 ladies' outfitter4 ,in names of corporations1 cases of joint authorship1 etc41 where two names are equally in the possessive case1 put the apostrophe1 or the apostrophe and s1 only after the name nearest the thing possessed3 as1 ,farmers and ,merchants' bank1 ,allen and ,bowen's ,classical ,mythology4 #ea ,occasional exceptions to this general rule are found1 where euphony would be violated by the additional s3 as1 ,ulysses' son1 ,moses' staff4 #ha4 ,possessive ,pronouns4--,do not use the apostrophe before the s in possessive pronouns3 as1 its1 hers1 theirs4 #hb4 ,contractions4--,use an apostrophe in contracted words to indicate the omission of letters3 as1 couldn't1 he'll1 you're4 #aj4 ,the ,hyphen #hc4 ,compound ,words4--,put a hyphen between the members of a compound word4 ,words compounded with the following prefixes and suffixes are generally hyphenated3 able-1 brother-1 by-1 cross-1 -elect1 ex-1 father-1 great-1 half-1 -hand1 mother-1 open-1 public-1 quarter-1 -rate1 self-4 ,in particular1 hyphenate the following words3 able-bodied attorney-general balk-line base-hit base-line basket-ball brother-in-law bucket-shop by-law by-product court-martial cross-examine ex-president father-in-law full-back goal-line goal-post good-by great-grandfather half-back half-witted home-stretch judge-elect kick-off kick-out law-abiding life-saving line-up mail-box man-of-war mother-in-law office-seeker old-fashioned post-mortem post-office president-elect quarter-back quarter-stretch second-rate shop-girl short-stop side-lines so-called 7a47 son-in-law spit-ball to-day to-morrow to-night #hd4 ,words ,written ,solid4--,words compounded of the following prefixes and suffixes are generally written solid3 a-1 after-1 ante-1 anti-1 auto-1 bi-1 demi-1 -ever1 grand-1 -holder1 in-1 inter-1 intra-1 -less1 mid-1 mis-1 off-1 on-1 over-1 post-1 re-1 -some1 sub-1 super-1 tri-1 un-1 under-1 up-1 -ward1 -wise1 -with4 ,the following should be written solid3 anyone anyway 7adv47 anywhere awhile baseball billboard bipartizan bondholder carload classmate corespondent downstairs everyday 7a47 everyone fireproof football footlights footpad gateman holdup inasmuch infield ironclad juryman landlady lawsuit letterhead linesman midnight misprint misspell nevertheless newcomer nonunion northeast northwest ,oddfellows officeholder oneself outfield pallbearer paymaster postcard posthaste postmaster rewrite saloonkeeper schoolboy schoolgirl semicolon shopkeeper sidewalk skyscraper snowstorm southeast southwest taxpayer typewriter upstairs #he4 ,words ,written ,separately4--,write the following as two words3 all right any time back yard every time ex officio fellow man half dollar half dozen half nelson mass meeting no one pay roll police court per cent pro tem some one some way squeeze play #hf4 ,compound ,numbers4--,compound numbers between twenty and a hundred1 when spelled out1 should have a hyphen3 as1 twenty-one1 forty-three4 #hg4 ,word ,division4--,when dividing a word at the end of a line1 observe the following rules3 #a4 ,do not break a syllable3 as1 cre-ditable1 attemp-ted1 for cred-itable1 attempt-ed4 #b4 ,do not divide a monosyllable3 as1 mob-bed1 tho-ugh4 #c4 ,do not separate a consonant from a vowel that affects its pronunciation3 as1 nec-essity for ne-cessity4 #d4 ,do not divide a diphthong or separate two successive vowels1 one of which is silent3 as1 bo-wing1 pe-ople1 for bow-ing1 peo-ple4 #e4 ,do not separate a syllable that has been added to a word by the addition of an s3 as1 financ-es4 #f4 ,do not divide hyphenated words except at the syllable where the regular hyphen comes3 as1 pocket-book1 fool-killer4 #g4 ,do not make awkward divisions3 as1 noth-ing1 crack-le4 #h4 ,do not begin a line with a hyphen4 #i4 ,as a rule1 avoid dividing a word at the end of a line and never divide one at the end of a page4 #aj4 ,abbreviations #hh4 ,abbreviations ,avoided4--,abbreviations should as a rule be avoided4 ,the coming of the typewriter into journalism has created a tendency to write out all words in full4 #hi4 ,personal and ,professional ,titles4--,the following personal and professional titles are abbreviated when preceding proper names3 ,adjt4 ,gen4 ,brig4 ,gen4 ,capt4 ,col4 ,dr4 ,gen4 ,gov4 ,gov4 ,gen4 ,hon4 ,lieut4 ,lieut4 ,col4 ,lieut4 ,gen4 ,m4 ,maj4 ,maj4 ,gen4 ,mlle4 ,mme4 ,mr4 ,mrs4 ,prof4 ,rev4 ,rt4 ,rev4 ,sergt4 ,supt4 #ij4 ,use of ,titles4--,use personal titles under the following restrictions3 #a4 ,do not use ,mr4 before a man's name when his baptismal name or initials are given4 ,not ,good4--,mr4 ,a4 ,b4 ,crayton of ,belleville was a guest at the ,horton house to-day4 ,right4--,a4 ,b4 ,crayton of ,belleville was a guest at the ,horton house to-day4 #b4 ,after a person's name has been mentioned once in a story1 his initials or ,christian names are omitted thereafter1 and a ,mr4 or his professional title is put before the name4 ,right4--,prof4 ,o4 ,c4 ,bowen of ,atawa was a speaker at the local ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 to-day4 ,prof4 ,bowen chose as his subject1 ,the ,four ,pillars of ,state4 #c4 ,if a person has more than one professional title1 the one of highest rank should be used4 ,if he has two titles of apparently equal rank1 choose the one last received or the one by which he is best known among his friends4 #d4 ,mrs4 always precedes the name of a married woman1 ,miss that of an unmarried woman1 no matter whether the initials or ,christian names are used or not4 #e4 ,in giving lists of unmarried women1 precede the names with ,misses1 taking care always to give the full ,christian name of each woman4 #f4 ,in giving lists of married women1 ,mesdames may introduce the names1 though present usage prefers ,mrs4 before each name4 #g4 ,when mentioning a man and his wife1 put it ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,william ,black1 not ,william ,black and wife4 #h4 ,do not use ,master before the name of a boy4 #i4 ,before a ,rev4 preceding the name of a clergyman always put a the3 as1 the ,rev4 ,t4 ,p4 ,frost4 ,if the clergyman's initials are not known1 write it1 the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,frost1 not the ,rev4 ,frost4 #ia4 ,names of the ,months4--,abbreviations of the months1 except ,march1 ,april1 ,may1 ,june1 and ,july1 are permissible when followed by a numeral indicating the day of the month1 but not when used alone4 ,right4--,richard ,malone1 who was injured in an automobile collision ,sept4 #ah1 died at the county hospital to-day4 ,wrong4--,the time of the meet has been set for a date not later than the middle of ,sept4 #ib4 ,names of the ,states4--,names of states1 territories1 and island possessions of the ,united ,states are abbreviated when preceded by the name of a town or city3 as1 ,pueblo1 ,col42 ,manila1 ,p4,i4 #ic4 ,miscellaneous ,abbreviations4--,the following abbreviations are also in good usage3 ,esq41 ,inc41 ,jr41 ,a4,b41 ,ph4,d41 ,m4,d41 ,u4,s4,n41 etc41 when used after proper names2 a4m41 p4m41 ,a4,d41 ,b4,c41 when preceded by numerals4 #id4 ,forbidden ,abbreviations4--,the following abbreviations may not be used on most newspapers3 #a4 ,christian names3 as1 ,chas4 for ,charles1 ,thos4 for ,thomas4 #b4 ,mount1 ,fort1 and ,saint3 as1 ,mt4 ,st4 ,elias for ,mount ,saint ,elias1 ,ft4 ,wayne for ,fort ,wayne4 #c4 ,railroad1 ,company1 ,brothers1 etc43 as1 ,new ,haven ,r4 ,r4 for ,new ,haven ,railroad1 ,national ,biscuit ,co4 for ,national ,biscuit ,company4 #aa4 ,numbers #ie4 ,dates4--,observe the following rules concerning dates3 #a4 ,write year dates always in figures3 as1 #aggf4 #b4 ,write month dates in figures when preceded by the name of the month3 as1 ,july #g1 #aiaf4 ,when the name of the month does not precede1 spell out the date3 as1 ,bills are due on the tenth4 #c4 ,do not write the day before the name of the month3 as1 the #beth of ,december for ,dec4 #be4 #d4 ,do not put a d1 nd1 st1 or th after a date3 as1 ,sept4 #gth for ,sept4 #g4 #if4 ,money4--,when mentioning sums of money1 use figures for all amounts over one dollar2 spell out all sums below a dollar3 as1 #e4ge1 fifty cents4 ,but if in the same sentence it becomes necessary to mention sums above and below a dollar1 use figures for all4 #ig4 ,street and ,district ,names4--,spell out street1 ward1 district1 and precinct names designated by numbers3 as1 ,second ward1 ,tenth precinct4 #ih4 ,sporting ,records4--,use figures for sporting records3 as1 #aj feet1 #e inches2 ,time1 3#di-c_/e2 #ah-b balk-line4 #ii4 ,beginning of ,sentences4--,do not begin a sentence with figures4 ,if impossible to shift the number to a later place in the sentence1 place about or more than before the figures3 as1 ,more than #ad1jjj persons passed through the gates4 #ajj4 ,dimensions4--,use figures with an x to express dimensions of lots1 buildings1 floors1 boats1 machinery1 etc43 as1 #ijx#abe feet1 #fj-;foot beam1 etc4 #aja4 ,general ,usage4--,observe the following general rules concerning numbers3 #a4 ,use figures to express dates1 distances1 latitude and longitude1 hours of the day1 degrees of temperature1 percentage1 street numbers1 telephone numbers1 automobile numbers1 votes1 and betting odds4 ,in other cases spell out all numbers under #ajj1 except where several numbers1 some of which are above and some under #ajj1 are used in the same paragraph4 ,in such a case1 use figures for all4 ,,marks ,,used ,,in ,,correcting ,,copy amb ,ambiguous4 and ,a bad and sentence4 ,make two sentences or subordinate one clause4 ant ,antecedent not clear4 ,cl ,not clear4 ,cst ,construction faulty4 ,coh ,coherence not good4 ,con ,wrong connective4 ,consult ,bring copy to instructor for discussion4 delta ,delete4 dull ,dull reading2 put more life into the story4 ,e ,error4 ed ,editorializing2 too much personal opinion4 ,,fw ,fine writing4 ,gr ,bad grammar4 ,k ,awkward2 clumsily expressed4 ld ,poor lead2 revise4 ,p ,punctuation wrong4 pt ,point of view shifted4 qt ,make this a direct quotation4 rep ,same word repeated too much4 rew ,rewrite4 sent ,use shorter sentences4 ,sl ,slang4 ,sp ,bad spelling4 ,,su ,sentence lacks unity4 ,t ,wrong tense4 unnec ,unnecessary details2 omit some of them4 tr ,transpose4 ,w ,wrong use of word4 8 ,truth of statement questioned4 ,begin a new paragraph4 ,no ,no needed4 ,indent4 ,horizontal parentheses ,put the words together as one ,separate into two words4 ,upward slanting equals sign ,hyphen needed4 ,,corrections ,illustration3 ,hand mark-up of copy to be corrected4 ,,corrected ,,proof ,illustration3 ,hand mark-up of corrections on proof4 ,,proof-,,readers' ,,marks ,cap ,capitalize4 lc ,lower case2 small letter4 delta ,delete2 omit4 stet ,restore the words crossed out4 ,insert at the place indicated4 4 in circle ,insert a period4 _/1 ,insert a comma4 _/ ,insert quotation-marks4 _/ ,insert a hyphen4 ,x ,imperfect letter4 #i ,letter inverted2 turn over4 ,make a new paragraph4 ,no ,no paragraph4 ,put a space between4 ,breve ,smaller space4 ,horizontal parentheses ,close up2 no space needed4 _/ _/ ,badly spaced2 space more evenly4 ,breve ,quad shows between the words2 shove down4 wf ,wrong font4 tr ,transpose4 ,carry to the left4 ,lower4 ,elevate4 _/_/ ,straighten crooked line4 lead ,add lead between the lines4 delta lead ,take out lead4 787 ,query3 ,is the proof correct8 ,,terminology ,ad ,alley4--,the part of the composing room where the advertisements are set4 ,add4--,late news added to a story already written or printed4 ,a4 ,p4--,abbreviation for ,associated ,press4 ,arrest ,sheets4--,the police record on which all arrests are entered4 ,assignment4--,a story that a reporter has been detailed to cover2 any duty assigned by the city editor4 ,assignment ,slips4--,slips of paper containing assignments the city editor wishes a reporter to cover4 ,these slips are made out daily and laid on the reporter's desk at the beginning of his day's work4 ,bank4--7#a7 ,one of the whole divisions of the headlines1 separated from the next by a blank line2 called also a deck4 7#b7 ,a table or frame for holding type-filled galleys4 ,bank-man4--,a helper in the composing room whose duty it is to assemble type received from the different linotype machines1 close up the galleys on the bank1 and see that they are proved4 ,beat4--7#a7 ,a definite place or section of town1--as the city hall1 the capitol1 the police court1 fire stations1 hotels1 etc41--regularly visited by a reporter to obtain news2 also termed a run4 7#b7 ,see scoop4 ,b4 ,f4--,abbreviation for bold-face1 black-face type4 ,blind ,interview4--,an interview given by a man of authority on condition that his name be withheld4 ,blotter4--,the police record-book of crime4 ,box4--,a rectangular space marked off in a story1 usually at the beginning1 for calling attention to the news within the box4 ,the news is often a list of dead or injured or of athletic records1 printed in bold-face type4 ,break-line4--,a line not filled to the end with letters1 as the last line of a paragraph4 ,in a head a break-line may contain white space on each side4 ,bridge4--,the raised platform in front of the magistrate's desk in police court4 ,bull4--,a statement or a series of statements1 the terms of which are manifestly inconsistent or contradictory4 ,bulldog ,edition4--,the earliest regular edition4 ,bulletin4--,a brief telegraphic message giving the barest results of an event1 often an accident1 unaccompanied by details4 ,catch-line4--7#a7 ,a short line set in display type within the body of a story to catch the eye of the reader and enable him to get the striking details by a hasty glance down the column4 7#b7 ,a line at the top of each page of copy sent to the composing room one page at a time3 as1 ,society1 ,state1 ,suicide4 ,such lines enable the bank-men to assemble readily all the stories and parts of stories belonging together4 ,chase4--,a rectangular iron or steel frame into which the forms are locked for printing or stereotyping4 ,condensed ,type4--,type thin in comparison to its height2 contrasted with extended type4 ,copy4--,any manuscript prepared for the press4 ,blind ,copy is copy that is difficult to read4 ,clean ,copy is manuscript requiring little or no editing4 ,time ,copy is any matter for which there is no rush1--usually held to be set up by the compositors when they would otherwise be idle1 or to be used in case of a scarcity of news4 ,the ,sunday paper is filled with time copy4 ,copy ,cutter4--,an assistant in the composing room who receives copy from the head copy reader1 or editor1 cuts it into takes1 and distributes the takes to the compositors to set up4 ,copyholder4--,a proof-reader's assistant who1 to correct errors1 reads copy for comparison of it with the proof4 ,copy-reader4--,one who revises copy and writes the headlines4 ,not to be confused with proof-reader4 ,cover4--,to go for the purpose of getting facts about an event or for the purpose of writing up the event3 as1 ,jones covered the prize fight4 ,dead4--,a term applied to composed type that is of no further use2 also sometimes applied to copy4 ,deck4--,see ,bank 7#a74 ,department ,men4--,reporters who seek news regularly in the same places1 as the police courts1 city hall1 coroner's office4 ,display ,type4--,type bolder of face or more conspicuous than ordinary type4 ,dope4--,slang for any information or collection of facts to be used in a story2 applied specifically to sporting stories1 meaning a forecast of the outcome1 as in a horse-race or a boxing contest4 ,em4--,the square of the body of any size of type2 used as the unit of measurement for making indentions1 indicating the length of dashes1 etc4 ,end ,mark4--,a mark put at the end of a story to indicate to the compositor that the story is complete4 ,the two end marks used are the figure #cj enclosed in a circle and a 4 ,feature4--,to give prominence to2 to display prominently4 ,feature ,story4--,a story1 often with a whimsical turn1 in which the interest lies in something else than the immediate news value2 one that develops some interesting feature of the day's news for its own sake rather than for the worth of the story as a whole4 ,also called human interest story4 ,see page #bbd4 ,filler4--,a story of doubtful news value included for lack of better news in a column or section of a paper4 ,the so-called patent insides in country weeklies and small dailies are known as fillers4 ,flash4--,a brief telegraphic message sandwiched between two sentences of a running story1 giving the outcome before it is reached in the story3 as1 ,flash--,smith knocked out in fourteenth round1 when the reporter's story has got only as far as the eleventh round2 or1 ,flash--,jury coming in2 get ready for verdict1 thrust into the body of a story a reporter is sending about a murder trial4 ,flimsy4--,thin tissue paper used in duplicating telegraphic stories as they come off the wire4 ,flush4--,on an even line or margin with4 ,follow ,copy4--,an instruction1 written on the margin of manuscript1 to the compositor that he must follow copy exactly1 even though the matter may seem wrong4 ,folo4--,an abbreviation for follow1 marked at the beginning of stories to indicate that they are to follow others of a similar nature3 as1 ,folo ,suicide1 meaning to the bank-man1 ,put this story in the form immediately after the one slugged ',suicide4' ,see page #ae4 ,form4--,an assemblage of type1 usually seven or eight columns1 locked in a chase preparatory to printing or stereotyping4 ,fudge4--,a small printing cylinder and chase that can be attached to a rotary press2 used for printing late news4 ,see page #ah4 ,future ,book4--,the book in which the city editor records future events3 as1 speeches1 conventions1 lawsuits1 etc4 ,galley4--,a long1 shallow1 metal tray for holding composed type4 ,from the type in this tray the first or galley proof is pulled for corrections4 ,galley ,proof4--,an impression made from type in a galley4 ,gothic4--,a heavy1 black-faced type1 all the strokes of which are of uniform width4 ,guide ,line4--,see ,catch ,line 7#b74 ,hanging ,indention4--,equal indention of all the lines of a paragraph except the first1 which extends one em farther to the left than those succeeding4 ,head4--,abbreviation for headline4 ,drop-,line ,head ,,second ,,year ,,of ,,the ,,great ,,war ,,opens ,,today ,pyramid ,head ,clash between ,germany and ,russia ,occurred ,august #a1 #aiad ,cross-,line ,,end ,,not ,,in ,,sight ,hanging ,indention ,first ,anniversary ,finds ,little ,change in ,relative ,strength of the ,two ,opposing ,forces4 ,hell-box4--,the box into which waste lead is thrown for remelting in the stereotyping room4 ,hold4--,an instruction written at the beginning of copy or proof1 instructing the make-up man in the printing room to hold the article1 not print it1 until he has received further orders4 ,human ,interest ,story4--,see ,feature ,story4 ,i4,n4,s4--,abbreviation for ,international ,news ,service4 ,insert4--,one or more sentences or paragraphs inserted in the body of a story already written1 giving fuller or more accurate information4 ,jump-head4--,a headline put above the continuation of a story begun on a preceding page4 ,justifier4--,a short story of little or no news value inserted at the foot of a column to fill it out evenly4 ,justify4--,to make even or true by proper spacing1 as lines of type or columns on a page4 ,kill4--,to destroy the whole or a part of a story1 usually after it has been set in type4 ,lead4--,the initial sentence or paragraph of a story1 into which is crammed the gist of the article4 ,see page #fh4 ,lead4--,thin strips of metal placed between lines of type to make the lines stand farther apart1 and hence to make the story stand out more prominently on the printed page4 ,lower ,case4--7#a7 ,a shallow wooden receptacle divided into compartments called boxes1 for keeping separate the small letters of a font of type2 distinguished from the upper case which stands slantingly above the lower case and contains the capital letters2 hence 7#b7 the letters in that case4 ,make-up4--,the arrangement of type into columns and pages preparatory to printing4 ,make-up ,man4--,the workman who arranges composed type in forms preparatory to printing4 ,morgue4--,the filing cabinet or room in which are kept stories and obituaries of prominent persons1 photographs of them1 their families1 and their homes1 clippings of various kinds about disasters1 religious associations1 big conventions1 strikes1 wars1 etc4 ,see page #i4 ,must4--,a direction put on the margin of copy to indicate that the story must be printed4 ,pi4--,type that has been so jumbled or disarranged that it cannot be used until reassembled4 ,pi ,line4--,a freak line set up by a compositor when he has made an error in the line and completed it by striking the keys at random until he has filled out the measure and cast the slug3 ,,etaoins ,play ,up4--,to emphasize by writing about with unusual fullness4 ,police ,blotter4--,see ,blotter4 ,pony ,report4--,a condensed report of the day's news1 sent out by news bureaus to papers that are not able or do not care to subscribe for the full service4 ,proof-reader4--,one whose time is given to reading and making corrections in the printer's proof2 not to be confused with ,copy-reader4 ,prove4--,to take a proof of or from4 ,pull4--,to make an impression on a hand-press3 as1 to pull a proof4 ,pyramid ,head4--,a heading of three1 four1 or five lines1--usually of three1--the first of which is full1 the second indented at both sides1 the third still more indented at both sides1 all the lines being centered4 ,see ,head4 ,query4--,a telegraphic request to a paper for instructions on a story that a correspondent wishes to send4 ,see page #bdj4 ,quoins4--,wedges used for fastening or locking type in a galley or a form4 ,release4--,to permit publication of a story on or after a specified date1 but not before4 ,see page #ed4 ,revise4--,a corrected proof4 ,rewrite4--,a story rewritten from another paper4 ,see page #bah4 ,rewrite ,man4--,a reporter who rewrites telegraphic1 cable1 and telephone stories1 or who rewrites poor copy submitted by other reporters4 ,see page #bai4 ,run4--,see ,beat 7#a74 ,run-in4--,to omit paragraph indentions for the sake of saving space4 ,running ,story4--,a story which develops as the day advances1 or from day to day4 ,scoop4--,publication of an important story in advance of rival papers2 also called a beat4 ,sheets4--,see ,arrest ,sheets4 ,slips4--,slips of paper hung on the police bulletin board or pasted in a public ledger1 announcing such crimes1 misdemeanors1 complaints1 and the like as the police are willing to make public4 ,see page #ce4 ,slug4--7#a7 ,a solid line of type set by a linotype machine4 7#b7 ,a strip of type metal thicker than a lead and less than type high1 for widening spaces between lines1 supporting the foot of a column1 etc4 7#c7 ,a strip of metal bearing a type-high number inserted by a compositor at the beginning of a take to mark the type set by him4 7#d7 ,the compositor who set the type marked by a slug4 ,see also ,catch ,line 7#b74 ,solid4--,having no leads between the lines3 as1 a solid column of type4 ,space ,book4--,a book in which the state editor keeps a record of stories sent in by correspondents and space writers4 ,space ,writer4--,a writer who is paid for his stories according to the amount of space they occupy when printed4 ,special4--,a story written by a special correspondent1 usually one out of town4 ,stick4--7#a7 ,a small metal tray holding approximately two inches of type1 used by printers in setting type by hand4 7#b7 ,the amount of type held by a stick4 ,stone4--,a smooth table top1 once of stone1 now usually of metal1 on which the page forms are made up4 ,story4--7#a7 ,any article1 other than an editorial or an advertisement1 written for a newspaper4 7#b7 ,the event about which the story is written3 as1 a burglar story1 meaning the burglary that the reporter writes up4 ,streamer ,head4--,a head set in large type and extending across the top of the page4 ,string4--,a strip of clipped stories pasted together end to end to indicate the number of columns contributed by a space writer4 ,style ,book4--,the printed book of rules followed by reporters1 copy-readers1 and compositors4 ,see page #bdi4 ,take4--,the portion of copy taken at once by a compositor for setting up4 ,see page #ac4 #cj4--;,a telegrapher's signal indicating the end of the message2 also put at the end of a story to indicate its completion4 ,tip4--,secret information about an item of news valuable to a paper4 ,turn ,rule4--,a copy-reader's signal to the composing room to turn the black face of the rule1 indicating thereby that the story is not yet complete and that more will be inserted at that place4 ,u4,p4--,abbreviation for ,united ,press ,associations4 w4f4--,abbreviation for wrong font2 a proof-reader's mark of correction1 indicating that a letter from another font has slipped into a word3 as1 the u in because4 ,,exercises ,,chapter ,v ,most of the following stories held front-page positions on leading metropolitan dailies4 ,explain their story values3 #a4 ,philadelphia1 ,oct4 #ca4--,with a record of #cad eggs in #cfe days1 ,lady ,eglantine1 a white ,leghorn pullet1 became to-day the champion egg layer of the world4 ,the little hen1 which weighs three and a half pounds1 completed her year of an egg-laying competition at ,delaware ,college1 ,newark1 ,del41 and beat the previous record of #bhf eggs by #bh4 ,the pen of five hens of which she was a member also broke the ,american pen record with #a1baa eggs4 ,the average barnyard fowl produces only #gj eggs in a year4 #b4 ,topeka1 ,kan41 ,feb4 #b4--,while ,president ,wilson was speaking here to-day a pair of new fur-lined gloves was taken from the pocket of his overcoat1 which he had hung in an ante-room4 ,it is supposed that somebody wanted a souvenir of his visit to ,kansas4 ,mr4 ,wilson missed the gloves when he started for his train4 #c4 ,richmond1 ,va41 ,feb4 #bj4--;,capt4 ,w4 ,m4 ,myers1 delegate for ,richmond in the general assembly1 has introduced an amendment to the anti-nuisance1 or red light1 measure1 making it unlawful for any woman to wear a skirt the length of which is more than four inches from the ground1 a bodice or shirt waist showing more than three inches of neck1 or clothes of transparent texture4 ,delegate ,myers said he wished to protect men4 #d4 ,two ,rivers1 ,wis41 ,feb4 #ai4--,when the ,bushey ,business ,college basket-ball team scored the winning point in the last minute of play during their game with the ,two ,rivers team here last night1 ,anton ,kopetsky was stricken with heart failure4 ,he was taken to the basement of the building1 where physicians started to work over him4 ,in the meantime a dance was started in the hall where the game had been played4 ,an hour later1 with the dance on in full swing1 ,kopetsky died4 ,the dance was stopped and the musicians sent home4 #e4 ,centralia1 ,pa41 ,sept4 #cj4--;,forty men are working night and day to rescue ,thomas ,tosheski1 who has been entombed #if hours in the ,continental mine here4 ,food was given ,tosheski in his prison to-day by means of a two-inch gas-pipe1 forced through a hole made by a diamond drill4 #f4 ,on the north corner of ,darling ,street and ,temple ,alley a little old woman1 white-haired and shrunken in frame1 has guarded all day long a bag of clothes and a feather bed1 her only possessions4 ,she was thrown out of her room at #ai-a_/b ,temple ,alley this morning and she has nowhere to go4 #g4 ,harrisburg1 ,pa41 ,feb4 #bj4--;,henry ,blake of this city has been arrested by ,state ,policeman ,curtis ,a4 ,davies on charges of burglary4 ,he confessed to a string of thefts covering months in the fashionable suburban districts of the state capital4 ,in ,blake's pocket was found a much used ,bible4 ,circled with red ink was the quotation3 ,seek and ye shall find4 #h4 ,new ,york1 ,feb4 #ai4--,the sale of ,peter the ,great1 #b3jg-a_/d1 by ,w4 ,e4 ,d4 ,stokes of this city to ,stoughton ,j4 ,fletcher1 an ,indianapolis banker1 sets a new record for old horses4 ,not in any country1 at any period1 it is believed1 has a horse of any breed brought so high a price at so great an age4 ,peter the ,great is #ba years old and ,stokes received #ej1jjj for him4 #i4 ,boston1 ,august #ca4--;,another world eating record is claimed by ,charles ,w4 ,glidden1 of ,lawrence1 who sat down at a local restaurant yesterday and devoured fifty-eight ears of corn in an hour and fifty-five minutes4 ,the previous record is claimed by ,ose ,dugan1 of ,new ,york1 who ate fifty-one ears4 ,mr4 ,glidden is ready to meet all comers4 ,he keeps in condition by eating sparingly of prunes1 ice cream1 and oranges4 #aj4 ,grand ,rapids1 ,wis41 ,feb4 #ba4--,two miles north of the city a large grey fox fought for its life this morning1 and lost4 ,conrad ,wittman shot and wounded him a mile south of ,hunter's ,point4 ,the fox was trailed by the dogs past ,regele's creamery1 when the trail came abruptly to an end4 ,a search was begun1 and a short time afterward the fox was found in a tree1 dead4 ,he had leaped to the lower branches as the dogs were overtaking him1 and died from the gun-shot wound after reaching safety4 #aa4 ,new ,york1 ,feb4 #bh4--;,after all negotiations1 counter negotiations1 champagne suppers1 and rushing1 it seems that ,charlie ,chaplin with his justly celebrated walk and his frequently featured kick will hereafter be exclusively shown on ,mutual films4 ,such announcement was made quietly but definitely yesterday4 ,the contracts1 it is asserted1 were signed ,saturday4 ,they provide for a bonus of #ajj1jjj to ,chaplin1 with or without his mustache2 #aj1jjj a week salary1 and a percentage in the business4 ,the money is to be paid to-morrow4 ,chaplin is to have a special company organized for him by the ,mutual1 and his brother1 ,syd ,chaplin1 also an agile figure in motion pictures1 is to be a member of it4 ,what price was paid for the brother is not stated4 ,the ,mutual ,company already has applied for an insurance of #bej1jjj on the new star4 #ab4 ,greencastle1 ,ind41 ,feb4 #bb4--;,fifty ,de ,pauw ,university students have been suspended for the present week because they violated the college rule against dancing4 ,the students attended a ball given three weeks ago during the midyear recess4 #ac4 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,mo41 ,oct4 #af4--,until the other day a horse belonging to ,elias ,chute1 #hj years old1 of ,no4 #bdjd ,faraon ,street1 had not been outside of a little barn in the rear of #afbf ,frederick ,avenue for more than a year4 ,through most of one winter1 spring1 summer1 fall1 and part of another winter the faithful old animal had stood tied in his stall4 ,his hoofs had grown over his shoes and everything about him showed he had been neglected in everything but food and water4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,a4 ,explain the faults in the organization of the following stories3 ,,wilson ,,speaks ,,to ,,daughters ,,of ,,the ,,revolution ,washington1 ,oct4 #aa4--,the ,daughters of the ,american ,revolution applauded what they regarded as a gallant compliment to his fiance uttered by ,president ,wilson in his speech on national unity at ,continental ,hall this afternoon4 ,in that part of his speech in which he served notice that he purposes to administer the discipline of public disapproval to hyphenated ,americans1 the ,president remarked3 ,i know of no body of persons comparable to a body of ladies for creating an atmosphere of opinion4 ,immediately afterward he said smilingly3 ,i have myself in part yielded to the influence of that atmosphere4 ,the official ,white ,house stenographer inserted a comma in his transcript of the ,president's speech at the foregoing utterance1 but the members of the ,d4 ,a4 ,r4 thought the ,president had come to a chivalrous period4 ,they looked over the ,president's shoulders to one of the boxes where sat his fiance1 ,mrs4 ,norman ,galt1 with her mother1 ,mrs4 ,bolling1 and they applauded tumultuously4 ,several seconds elapsed before the ,president1 whose face had flushed1 could wedge in3 for it took me a long time to observe how ,i was going to vote in ,new ,jersey4 ,the ,president's hearers just would not believe that he had had the suffrage issue in mind when he began his sentence1 and ,mrs4 ,galt herself blushed in recognition of the applause4 ,mrs4 ,galt1 with her mother and ,miss ,helen ,woodrow ,bones1 had been taken to ,continental ,hall in one of the ,white ,house automobiles4 ,the ,president walked over1 accompanied by his military aid1 ,col4 ,harte1 and the secret-service men4 ,before he left the ,white ,house he had stood for several minutes leaning over the side of the automobile having a tte--tte with ,mrs4 ,galt4 ,curious persons passing through the ,white ,house grounds thought it a very interesting sight to observe the ,president of the ,united ,states standing with one foot on the step of an automobile talking with a member of the fair sex4 ,they got the impression from the animated character of the conversation that ,mrs4 ,galt was disappointed because the ,president was not going to accompany her to ,continental ,hall1 and that she was trying to persuade him to abandon his plan of walking over4 ,society people are as much interested as ever in the plans of the couple1 but little has been learned definitely as yet4 ,no disclosure was made to-day of the date of the wedding1 and similar secrecy has been maintained as to their honeymoon plans4 ,it is known that the ,misses ,smith of ,new ,orleans1 relatives of the ,president1 are urging that the honeymoon be enjoyed at ,pass ,christian1 ,miss41 where ,mr4 ,wilson and his family spent the ,christmas holidays two years ago4 ,it is believed the ,president will not choose a place as far distant as ,pass ,christian4 ,his friends predict that if he takes any trip at all it will be on the yacht ,mayflower4 ,congratulations of the ,united ,states ,supreme ,court on his engagement were extended to the ,president this morning when the ,justices called formally to pay their respects on the occasion of the convening of the court for the fall sittings4 ,the ,justices were received in the ,blue ,room4 ,they were in their judicial robes and all members were present except ,justice ,lamar1 whose illness prevented4 ,president ,wilson's impetuosity as a prospective bridegroom is keeping the secret service on the jump nearly all the time4 ,more frequently than he ever has done in the past1 the ,president leaves the ,white ,house unattended and without giving warning to his bodyguard4 ,he did this yesterday when he started for ,mrs4 ,galt's residence1 where he was to be a dinner guest1 and again this morning when he walked down town to purchase a new travelling bag4 ,the purchase resulted in renewed speculation whether or not the date for the wedding is imminent4 ,,leo ,,frank ,,worse ,,to-,,day ,milledgeville1 ,ga41 ,july #ai4--,physicians who examined ,leo ,m4 ,frank in the state prison early to-day said his condition was much worse4 ,the jagged cut in his throat1 received at the hands of a fellow prisoner1 ,william ,green1 ,saturday night1 was swollen and his temperature was #ajb #b-e4 ,physicians have succeeded in stopping the flow of blood from a jagged wound made with a butcher knife by ,william ,green1 also serving a life term for murder4 ,the blow was struck as ,frank slept in his bunk4 ,an investigation of the attack probably will be made by the ,georgia prison commission4 ,frank's temperature was as low as #aja ,monday noon1 but ran up to #ajb #b-e ,monday night4 ,the wound is an ugly1 jagged one4 ,,bryan ,,loses ,,temper ,dallas1 ,texas1 ,oct4 #b4--,william ,j4 ,bryan1 who formerly held a government job1 has temper4 ,he took said temper out for an airing here to-day4 ,he was riding from the railroad station to the hotel with a reception committee1 of which a reporter happened to be a member4 ,do you ever intend to be a candidate for public office8 asked the reporter4 ,i think1 sir1 if you had any sense you wouldn't have asked that question1 replied the exponent of peace4 ,i meant no impertinence4 ,well1 it was impertinent4 ,you wouldn't want to answer that question yourself1 would you8 ,sure ,i can answer it4 ,i never intend to be a candidate for anything4 ,well1 ,i don't think any friend of mine would try to get me to promise never to be a candidate again4 ,i didn't ask you to promise4 ,well1 that's all right1 the ex-premier and the dove of peace returned4 ,bryan was almost kissed again to-day4 ,b4 ,f4 ,pace1 a peace enthusiast1 with outstretched arms and pursed-up lips1 rushed upon the ,nebraskan in the hotel lobby4 ,bryan blushed coyly1 clapped his hand over his mouth and dodged behind a six-foot ,texan4 ,not too fast there6 he warned4 ,friends intervened4 ,pace has bushy whiskers4 ,,guest ,,at ,,party ,,robber ,the police are searching for a man known as ,jack ,wallace1 who is wanted for robbing ,w4 ,g4 ,gaede1 #ddd ,west ,grand ,avenue1 of jewelry valued at #cej at the ,auditorium ,hotel4 ,gaede1 who was celebrating ,new ,year's eve1 met ,wallace and took him to the ,auditorium4 ,at #d o'clock yesterday morning ,wallace suggested that ,gaede retire4 ,wallace took ,gaede to his room and soon afterward departed4 ,when ,gaede awoke his diamond stud1 watch1 chain1 and charm were gone1 also #bj in currency4 ,mrs4 ,agnes ,ackerman of the ,morrison ,hotel was robbed of a purse containing #ej while dining at the ,hotel ,la ,salle ,saturday night4 ,b4 ,put the following details in proper sequence for a suicide story3 ,ira ,hancock ,committed suicide 787 about #aj ,a4,m41 ,monday4 ,used to be wealthy4 ,always gave waiters a good tip4 ,never quit tipping even when he became poor4 ,said tip was part of price of a meal4 ,waiters always glad to see him4 ,patronized cheap restaurants for the past three months4 ,lived at #aiai ,washington ,avenue4 ,age1 #bi4 ,left room ,monday morning with only a nickel and a bunch of keys4 ,borrowed a quarter from ,bob ,cranston1 downtown friend4 ,went together for breakfast at ,cozy ,caf1 #ah ,main ,street4 ,breakfast cost #be cents each4 ,hancock gave waiter five-cent tip4 ,cranston called him a fool4 ,hancock unmarried4 #i3jj ,a4,m41 engaged a dressing room at ,island ,bathing house4 ,bathing beach closed at midnight2 ,hancock's clothing still in the dressing room4 ,only a bunch of keys in the pockets4 ,fired from job at ,snyder's ,malt house1 ,saturday night4 ,taught girls' ,sunday-school class1 ,west ,side ,baptist church1 ,sunday morning4 ,body not found4 ,lost money dealing in war stocks three months ago4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,a4 ,correct such of the following leads as need correction4 ,where the age of the person1 his place of residence1 or similar details necessary to an effective lead are lacking1 supply them 7paragraphs #ajj-abj74 #a4 ,adam ,schenk fell off the runway at the ,fernholz ,lumber ,yard on ,monday forenoon and landed on his back at a point near his kidneys on a stake on the wagon1 breaking the stake off4 #b4 ,rather than to put the ,tuttle ,press ,company to an unnecessary expense of appropriating #a1jjj that would do neither the city nor any particular individual a cent's worth of material good1 and assuming also that the city1 by virtue of the fact that the company's original plant was erected on lines provided by the city's engineer1 is in a measure responsible for present conditions1 the city commissioners in conference with ,s4 ,a4 ,whedon of the ,tuttle ,press ,company this morning decided not to proceed further in the matter of ordering removed the walls of a big addition to the plant now in process of construction4 #c4 ,roaming hogs was the cause of the recent illness of ,mr4 ,t4 ,n4 ,davis4 ,the hogs rooted under the wire fence surrounding his residence and in his effort to get them out he exerted himself beyond his endurance4 #d4 ,at an early hour ,tuesday morning1 as the beams of the rising sun were struggling to dispel the uncertainties of a winter night1 the final summons came to ,miss ,ella ,o',harrigan1 our beloved librarian1 to join the innumerable caravan that moves to the pale realms of shade4 #e4 ,again the lure of ,broadway1 the craving to be among expensively clad men and women1 and a longing to seem of more than actual importance1 have resulted in a fall from a position of responsibility and trust to one facing the possibility of a long term of imprisonment4 ,this time it is a woman2 good looking1 possessing the knack of dressing smartly1 capable and efficient1 and less than #dj years old4 ,for six years she had been head bookkeeper in ,marbury ,hall1 an apartment hotel of the best class1 at #afd ,west ,seventy-fourth ,street4 ,for more than two years of that time1 according to the prosecuting officials1 she has been putting cash belonging to the hotel into her own diamond-studded purse1 whence it was transferred to the coffers of expensive dressmakers1 theatres1 and restaurants1 particularly those which maintained dance floors4 ,yesterday afternoon she was arrested1 charged with grand larceny4 ,she raised her hand to her mouth as the detective tapped her shoulder1 and a few minutes later was taken to the ,polyclinic ,hospital1 to be later transferred to ,bellevue4 ,she will recover from the poison and will have to face in court in four or five days the charges which she attempted to avoid by death4444 #f4 ,swept by a #cc-mile gale1 a fire which started in a three-story frame ,greek restaurant on ,appomattox ,street this afternoon quickly spread to adjoining frame buildings in ,hopewell1 the ,wonder ,city1 at the gates of the ,du ,pont ,powder ,company's plant1 twenty miles from here1 and at nightfall practically every business house1 hotel1 and restaurant in the mushroom powder town of #cj1jjj had been wiped out1 the loss amounting to #a1jjj1jjj or more4 #g4 ,one man1 a bank messenger1 was shot mortally and his assailant wounded1 perhaps mortally1 two other men narrowly missed death by shooting1 and thousands of persons were terrorized by an attempted hold-up in the ,fourteenth ,street subway station at #d o'clock yesterday afternoon1 and by a chase which skirted ,union ,square1 continued through a theatre arcade and ended blocks away4 #h4 ,as a result of an old quarrel between two citizens of ,leroy1 the melting snow-drifts on the streets of that city ran red with human blood1 ,wednesday4 ,john ,m4 ,zellhoefer lay gasping his last breath on the sidewalk1 with a fatal bullet wound through the midst of his body1 while over him stood ,francis ,marion ,dunkin1 with smoking revolver in hand4 #i4 ,nothing had been learned by the police last night to indicate that ,george de ,brosa1 who died early yesterday morning in ,bellevue hospital after fatally wounding ,allan ,gardner1 a bank messenger1 and being shot by ,walter ,f4 ,orleman1 another bank messenger1 in an attempted holdup of the two in the ,fourteenth ,street subway station ,friday afternoon1 had an accomplice4 #aj4 ,at ,all ,saints ,cathedral ,sunday morning1 ,dean ,seldon ,p4 ,delany spoke on ,salvation through ,self-,sacrifice1 taking for his text ,mark viii1 #ce3 ,whosoever will save his life shall lose it2 but whosoever shall lose his life for my sake and the gospel's1 the same shall save it4 #aa4 ,rachel ,green1 colored1 suffered a dislocated and badly sprained knee last night while she was attending religious services at ,main ,street ,colored ,baptist church and another woman began to shout and jumped into her lap4 #ab4 ,james ,l4 ,crawley of ,hastings is confined to his home with a broken arm and lacerated ear4 ,his injuries were received when he stepped on the family cat and fell headlong down the cellar steps4 ,the cat was asleep on the top step4 #ac4 ,john ,radcliffe1 #af years old1 of ,moultrie1 had never been kissed1 and in trying desperately to maintain this estate1 while pursued at a barn dance by ,mrs4 ,winifred ,trice1 ,monday night1 he fell out of a door twenty feet from the ground and was picked up with one arm and three ribs fractured4 #ad4 ,charged with having tried to obtain #a1jjj by forgery1 a handsomely gowned young woman1 who gave her name as ,irene ,minnerly1 and said she was a telephone operator1 and a man who described himself as ,webster ,percy ,simpson1 thirty-six1 living at the ,hotel ,endicott1 were arrested yesterday afternoon as they were leaving the offices of ,fernando ,w4 ,brenner1 at ,no4 #f ,church ,street4 #ae4 ,allen ,co41 ,ltd41 the well-known ,london firm of publishers1 has been prosecuted for the publication of a novel called ,the ,raindrop1 written by ,d4 ,h4 ,lawrence1 on the ground that it is obscene4 #af4 ,interesting testimony was given before ,justice ,scudder in the ,supreme ,court to-day in the hearing of the suit for divorce brought by ,harry ,h4 ,wiggins of ,floral ,park1 a retired grocer4 ,mr4 ,wiggins alleged undue fondness for ,john ,burglond1 a farm hand formerly employed in ,mrs4 ,wiggins' cabbage patch4 ,mrs4 ,wiggins is #ec years old and ,burglond #cc4 #ag4 ,s4 ,h4 ,brannick of this city lost a fine cow last week1 the animal departing this life suddenly after the city had retired for the evening4 #ah4 ,miss ,ellen ,peterson1 a former employee of ,miss ,josie ,griffin's millinery1 #bcah ,cottage ,grove ,avenue1 was married ,tuesday by the ,rev4 ,johnston ,myers at ,immanuel ,baptist church4 ,the couple left immediately after the ceremony for a wedding trip through the ,west4 #ai4 ,hilda is the daughter of one of the deftest colored janitors who ever kept a dumb waiter just that4 ,with her father and mother she lives in a court apartment on the ground floor of ,no4 #aie ,main ,st41 and last night she was slumbering blissfully1 wrapped in dreams of a chocolate-colored ,santa ,claus with sweet-potato trimmings and persimmon whiskers1 when she heard the window of her room open4 ,b4 ,comment on the leads to the following stories1 rewriting any that need correction 7paragraphs #ajj-abj73 #a4 ,this story dates back eight months1 when ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,hochberger became a patient at the county hospital in ,chicago4 ,she was ill of typhoid fever and in her first night at the hospital she became delirious4 ,while in this condition she seized a ten-inch table knife from a tray and in the absence of anyone to restrain her poked it down her throat4 ,attendants attracted by the woman's groans hurried to the bedside4 ,then an interne appeared1 made a hasty diagnosis1 and attributed the patient's action to the delirium4 ,he administered an opiate4 ,several days later ,mrs4 ,hochberger1 having passed the crisis of the fever1 began to recover4 ,a week afterward she was discharged as cured4 ,from the time she complained of internal pains and to relatives she recounted a vague story of her delirium at the hospital4 ,she had a faint recollection of swallowing a knife1 she said4 ,to swallow a knife and survive was improbable1 she was told1 but she was advised to see a physician4 ,the first doctor called in recommended an immediate operation for a tumor4 ,another believed she had an acute case of appendicitis4 ,it was not until we made our discovery that ,mrs4 ,hochberger told us of her delirium1 said the doctor4 ,had ,i heard it before making the ,x-ray examination ,i would have hardly given it credence4 ,i have heard of people swallowing coins and pencils1 but this is the first knife ever brought to my attention4 ,the knife was removed to-day by ,dr4 ,george ,c4 ,amerson at the ,west ,side ,hospital4 #b4 ,if you want a man to love you1 ,bear in mind this plan3 ,always keep him doubtful of you2 ,fool him all you can6 ,never let him know you like him2 ,never answer1 ,yes1 ,till you have him broken-hearted4 ,make him guess1 guess1 guess4 ,this is the chorus of one of the songs ,pearl ,palmer1 pretty opera singer1 was to have sung when she made her first ,broadway appearance as one of the principals of the opera1 ,the ,princess ,pat4 ,now she is dead because she carried this philosophy into her own life1 her friends say4 ,herbert ,haeckler1 who killed the young singer and himself ,sunday night1 had been kept guessing1 they said1 until his mind had given away4 ,eva ,fallon will sing the song ,miss ,palmer was to have sung when the opera opens to-morrow night4 ,it was postponed from last night because of the tragedy4 #c4 ,a young man by the name of ,tom ,verbeck1 #ah years old1 living in ,freeport1 who rides a motorcycle1 was passing along the ,chicago road1 ,friday1 when he met an automobile driver who was in distress4 ,the motorcycle man stopped1 and when asked to lend a hand gave freely of his time4 ,he was unsuccessful1 however1 and it was decided to have the motorcycle tow the auto into ,freeport4 ,more complications presented themselves1 as neither the auto driver nor the motorcycle rider had a rope to tie the two machines together4 ,the automobile man solved this problem by taking off his wool shirt and using it for a tow-rope4 ,the owner of the auto rode in the buzz wagon into town1 and on account of the darkness it was not noticed that he was shy a shirt4 ,the motorcyclist towed the machine to the residence of the driver by way of back streets1 and here he unloaded the machine4 ,the shirt used as a tow-rope was not dismembered by the operation4 ,c4 ,write the lead to the story the outline of which was given on page #bij4 ,d4 ,write for ,friday afternoon's paper an informal lead to the following story3 ,characters3 ,anton ,kurdiana and his wife1 ,rosa 7ne ,novak74 ,anton's age1 #bd2 ,rosa's1 #bj4 ,married three months ago4 ,anton has a cork leg4 ,leg cut off above the knee by a train a year ago4 ,rosa ,novak a nurse in the hospital to which he was taken4 ,rosa preparing to get a divorce4 ,anton did not want a divorce4 ,a friend of ,anton's told him if he would leave the state1 ,rosa could not get the divorce4 ,a friend of ,rosa's told her ,anton was preparing to leave early this 7,friday7 morning4 ,last night after he went to bed1 ,rosa hid his cork leg4 ,he called for help from his bedroom window this morning and the police came4 ,bailiff also came and served notice of divorce proceedings4 ,they live at #bdjd ,faraon ,street1 this city4 ,cause of divorce1 cruelty and non-support4 ,e4 ,explain the different tones of the following leads and the writers' methods of gaining their effects 7paragraph #aai73 #a4 ,you have stolen my daughter6 ,take that6 ,that was a short right jab to the face4 ,mrs4 ,anna la ,violette of #ffcb ,south ,wabash ,avenue was the donor1 and ,william ,metcalf1 who had merely married her daughter ,elsie1 aged #ah1 owned the face4 #b4 ,twenty grains of cocaine and morphine a day1 eighty times the amount an average dope fiend uses1 enough to kill forty men1 fifteen years at it too1--this is the record of ,dopy ,phil ,harris1 the human dope marvel found to-day by the ,california ,board of ,pharmacy in its combing of the ,san ,francisco underworld4 ,if poison were taken away from ,harris for forty-eight hours1 he would die within the next twenty-four4 #c4 ,the winds1 whose treachery ,archie ,hoxsey so often defied and conquered1 killed the noted aviator to-day4 ,as if jealous of his intrepidity1 they seized him and his fragile biplane1 flung them out of the sky1 and crushed out his life on the field from which he had risen a few minutes before with a laughing promise to pierce the heavens and soar higher than any human being had ever dared go before4 #d4 ,the champion lodge jiner is the title bestowed by ,mrs4 ,jennie ,gehret1 wife of ,john ,d4 ,gehret1 of this city1 on her husband4 ,it is not because she wants to be his wife4 ,she is suing for divorce1 and ,john's feats as a jiner are the reasons for her action4 #e4 ,and tragedy blurs out their joy again4 ,five-year-old ,norman ,porter of ,wadsworth1 ,ill41 wanted a toy horse on wheels for ,christmas1 and his nine-year-old brother1 ,leroy1 wrote ,santa for an automobile that would run by itself4 ,the wooden horse1 its head broken off1 lay last night in the snow at ,kedzie ,avenue and ,sixteenth ,street4 ,a few feet away some children picked up the tin automobile bent almost beyond recognition4 ,the toys were knocked from the arms of ,mrs4 ,james ,r4 ,porter1 the boy's mother1 when she was struck by an automobile and the same wheels which crushed out her life had passed over them4 #f4 ,a fair-haired boy in knickerbockers1 who chewed gum with reckless insouciance and indulged in cool satirical comment on his companion's amateur efforts1 yesterday directed a daring holdup of the ,chicago ,art and ,silver ,shop at #dch ,lincoln ,parkway1 from which silverware and jewelry valued at #fjj was carried off4 #g4 ,he is colored1 forty-three years old1 a laborer1 and lives at ,no4 #ddj ,west ,forty-fifth ,street1 and when he was brought before ,lieut4 ,fogarty at ,police ,headquarters yesterday charged with having done some fancy carving with a razor on the countenance of ,ira ,robinson of ,no4 #bjjd ,clinton ,street1 he gave his name as ,general ,beauregard ,bivins4 ,,chapter ,x ,a4 ,criticize the following stories from the standpoint of accuracy of presentation4 ,rewrite the second4 7,paragraphs #abb-abf47 ,,future ,,wives ,,warned ,not since the days of the cave men has masculine assurance dared issue such an ultimatum to femininity as that just sent by an organization of students of ,tulane ,university known as ,our ,future ,wives club4 ,the club has as its purpose the dictation of the dress selection of every woman4 ,it is an organization of young men who have developed the stern purpose of correcting female faults and of widening the scope of choice that they may have in the choosing of wives who will be sensible4 ,the fifteen students who are members have pledged themselves to taboo socially every young woman who does not literally adhere to the list of regulations which the organization has prescribed as dress limitations4 ,young women who refuse to be guided by the ukase of the club will find that none of its members will ever extend any invitations to them2 they will discover1 it is promised1 that they have been sadly and most completely cut4 ,at its initial meeting the club drew up and adopted a proclamation4 ,this document was mailed in copy to every young woman student of ,newcomb ,college4 ,the young women recipients read the following3 #a4 ,we will look upon no young woman with favor who spends more than #ae a year for hats4 ,only one hat should be worn throughout the year4 ,we think it possible that hats may be trimmed over and worn for several years4 #b4 ,no cosmetics should be used4 ,powder might be used in the case of a sallow girl4 #c4 ,perfumes are absolutely under the ban as a needless and disagreeable expense4 #d4 ,additional hair should not be bought4 ,it is an extravagance and is contrary to the purpose of nature4 #e4 ,not more than #dj a year should be expended for dresses and suits4 #f4 ,jewelry1 with the exception of a wedding ring1 is no adornment1 to our way of thinking4 ,off with diamonds1 rubies1 and pearls1 and the like4 #g4 ,silk stockings are the one extravagance allowed4 ,scientists say that silk stockings prevent the wearer from being struck by lightning4 #h4 ,five dollars a year is the amount necessary for shoes4 #i4 ,laces of all descriptions making for an appearance of frivolity should not be used in dress4 #aj4 ,all other necessaries of dress should not cost more than #be a year4 ,,eight ,,coin-,,box ,,robbers ,,caught ,in the arrest last night of five men and three women as they were wrapping piles of five-cent pieces into one-dollar rolls in an elaborately furnished apartment near ,audubon ,avenue and #agb;d ,street1 the police have found the thieves who have been concerned in all the telephone slot-box robberies during the past three years and have robbed the ,new ,york ,telephone ,company of thousands of dollars4 ,the men and women under arrest have used a powerful automobile in going about the city1 robbing the slot boxes with skeleton keys and files4 ,the men arrested gave the following names and ages3--,tom ,morrison1 #ba2 ,nic ,marino1 #bf2 ,adam ,neeley1 #be2 ,william ,o4 ,cohen1 #cj2 and ,charles ,guise1 #be4 ,the women were ,della ,thomas1 #be2 ,dorothy ,price1 #be2 and ,dollie ,lewis1 #be4 ,for more than two years the ,new ,york ,telephone ,company has endeavored unsuccessfully to trap these thieves in their robberies of the pay stations4 ,buzzers were affixed so that an attempt to open them would sound a warning1 but1 despite that1 the thefts continued4 ,acting ,captain ,jones1 of the ,third ,branch1 and ,acting ,captain ,cooper1 of the ,fourth ,branch ,detective ,bureaus1 who directed the arrests1 declare that the women did the telephoning and opened the coin boxes1 and that one of the men1 coming to the booth from the telephone as if to call1 reached in a hand or a small bag and took the coins4 ,,breeze ,,and ,,rain ,,producer ,,discovered ,prof4 ,marblenut1 ,dopetown's imminent 7correct7 scientist1 has arranged to furnish this city with a perpetual cool breeze and two showers a week1 all next summer4 ,the breeze is to be made by a gigantic electric fan operated by current generated in a plant on the banks of ,little ,muddy1 at ,pigankle ,falls4 ,this monster fan will be made of steel4 ,the showers will be made by an apparatus built on the same principle as a ,chinese laundryman's face when he takes a mouthful of water and sprays the wash4 ,the water will come from the river and will be filtered1 then sprayed over the city from the face of a colossal ,chinese figure standing on the left bank of the river above the power house4 ,prof4 ,marblenut is the same man who attempted suicide with a bakery doughnut when his wife left him last year4 ,a friend took the deadly thing from him and saved his life4 ,,bob ,,la ,,follette ,,still ,,inconsistent ,senator ,robert ,m4 ,la ,follette faced an audience of about #cjj men in the armory on ,tuesday night4 ,he arrived rather late as if to so sharpen the appetite of curiosity that his unsavory oratorical courses might be bolted without inspection and denunciation of the chef4 ,the ,senator was conducted to the stage and introduced by ,assemblyman ,ballard4 ,his arrival was greeted with only an inkling of applause from one corner of the gallery occupied by a few college students4 ,near the stage rested ,peter ,tubbs and ,senator ,culbertson1 sphinx-like in the desert of progressivism meditating on the grandeur of past political glory abused and lost4 ,to the men an occasional political riddle was proposed by the speaker for solution4 ,the ,senator's speech lasted nearly three hours1 two of which were devoted to ancient history1 and one to sharp criticisms of the ,philipp administration4 ,from the beginning of things in ,wisconsin1 the ,senator traced the growth of democratic institutions on the one hand and that of corporations on the other4 ,the alleged incessant struggle for mastery between them was described with stage sincerity4 ,it appeared1 from his account1 that the people were losing ground up to the time of his birth a half century or more back4 ,and there was a dearth of honest men and patriotic statesmen in the state until the ,senator was old enough to hold public office4444 ,,claude ,,olds ,,dies ,,from ,,coasting ,,injuries ,claude ,olds1 #ab-year-old son of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,george ,olds1 ,wilson ,street1 died at #c3de o'clock yesterday afternoon at ,st4 ,elizabeth ,hospital as a result of injuries sustained in a coasting accident1 related briefly in these columns yesterday4 ,the lad sustained a broken neck and internal injuries4 ,dr4 ,alvin ,scott of the ,bowman park commission1 who was instrumental in providing safe toboggan slides for the children in the city park1 has decided since yesterday's fatal accident to ask the city commission for an appropriation sufficient to establish a number more of toboggan slides for the accommodation of children in various parts of the city4 ,he is proceeding on the very safe assumption that if there had been a toboggan slide in the ,third ,ward the fatality of yesterday would not have happened1 for there would then have been no occasion for children coasting on the hill where the accident occurred4 ,the unfortunate lad1 with his brother1 ,ernest ,olds1 and ,chester ,graves and ,bessie ,lamb1 were on a delivery sled owned by the ,barnes and ,scholtz ,grocery ,company1 sliding down a hill that extends into the ravine just north of ,second ,street and east of ,mason4 ,when about halfway down the bob capsized and the little ,olds boy was buried under it4 ,coasting on hills not especially prepared for it is dangerous to life and limb4 ,the authorities should put a stop to it in ,bowman1 but at the same time the city should make safe provision for such sport by erecting toboggan slides similar to the ones in the city park4 ,,mrs4 ,,dows ,,seeking ,,adventure ,mrs4 ,andrews ,dows1 whose photograph is reproduced above1 says she believes she is the most adventuresome of ,new ,york's society women1 but is tired of the humdrum existence of ,mother ,earth in general and ,new ,york in particular4 ,she says she thinks she has run the entire gamut of worldly thrills1 but is still on the lookout for something new4 ,mrs4 ,dows declares she has ridden the most fiery of steeds and taken them over the most dangerous jumps4 ,she has driven auto racing cars at blinding speed4 ,once she captured a burglar single-handed4 ,she has piloted all manner of water speed craft4 ,now she declares she is tired of flitting through the clouds in an aeroplane and is impatiently waiting to hear of some sort of dangerous adventure that she has not already experienced4 ,b4 ,what criticism may be made of the following8 ,an even one hundred reservations have been made for the ,new ,year's ,eve dinner to be served at #aa o'clock in the ,venetian room at the ,carman ,house1 and thirty have been made for service in the caf4 ,no more can be accommodated in the ,venetian room1 but the management will be able to take care of a few more in the caf and ,french room4 ,those who have reserved places are planning to make this the biggest ,new ,year's jollification ever held in ,avondale4 ,the management of the ,carman also says that patrons will be given the very best of service4 ,c4 ,examine the following story for its excellence in keeping the time relation entirely clear4 ,show how the writer obtains this clearness and how he avoids the possibility of libel4 7,paragraphs #abd-aca47 ,,death ,,note ,,bears ,,author',s ,,tragedy ,,in ,,love ,four years ago the love story of ,myrtle ,reed1 the author1 who had immortalized her husband1 ,james ,sydney ,mc,cullough1 in prose and verse1 came to a tragic end when she committed suicide in ,paradise ,flat1 her ,kenmore ,avenue apartment4 ,during the five years of her married life her model husband1 as she called ,mc,cullough1 was believed to have furnished the inspiration for ,lavender and ,old ,lace1 ,the ,master's ,violin1 and other love stories from her pen4 ,mystery shrouded her death and an effort was made to hush up the suggestion that she was convinced that her husband no longer loved her4 ,a note addressed to her aged mother was never made public4 ,yesterday in ,circuit ,judge ,windes's court her father1 ,hiram ,v4 ,reed1 sought to have ,mc,cullough deposed as trustee of her estate of about #ia1jjj4 ,negligence and misapplication of funds were charged4 ,mr4 ,reed's attorney planned to show that ,mrs4 ,mc,cullough expected to change her will before she committed suicide4 ,what purported to be the mysterious note was offered in evidence4 ,it was typewritten and only two words of script appeared in it4 ,judge ,windes ruled that it was not sufficiently identified and rejected it as evidence4 ,the offered note reads in part3 ,dearest ,mother3 ,after five years of torment ,i have set myself free4 ,i suppose you'll think it's cowardly1 but ,i cannot help it4 ,i cannot bear it any longer4 ,last night was the twelfth anniversary of our meeting4 ,he was to come home early and bring me some flowers1 and instead of that he came home at half past one so drunk he couldn't stand up4 ,last year my birthday and the anniversary of our engagement were the same way4 ,this morning he went out of town without even waking me up to say goodby to me or telling me where he was going or when he would be back4 ,all ,i asked of him was that he should come home sober at half past six as other men do1 but he refuses to give me even this4 ,i am crushed1 overwhelmed1 drowned4 ,i enclose two bank savings books4 ,this is for you and father and for nobody else under any circumstances whatever1 aside from the provision ,i have made for you in my will4 ,i've tried my best1 mother4 ,i've tried to bear it bravely and to rise above it and not to worry1 but ,i cannot4 ,i loved my husband so until he made me despise him4 ,i should have done this five years ago1 only you and father needed me4 ,you've been the dearest father and mother that anybody ever had and my being dead won't make any difference in my loving you4 ,my will is in ,mr4 ,fowler's vault4 ,oh1 mother1 ,i've loved so much1 ,i've tried so hard1 ,i've worked so hard1 and ,i've failed1 failed1 failed1 failed4 ,forgive me1 please4 ,with love always1 ,myrtle4 ,mc,cullough was out of the city at the time of his wife's death4 ,upon his return he said that she had probably taken her life while mentally unbalanced4 ,have you any comment to make on the letter written by your wife to her mother8 he was asked yesterday4 ,oh1 ,i could tell you a long story if ,i wanted to1 said he1 carelessly4 ,there's nothing to it at all4 ,i could show you worse letters than that4 ,i doubt if she ever wrote it anyway4 ,there is no proof4 ,to understand this matter you must know that my wife's father and her brother have been fighting to get control over her estate4 ,they didn't get enough to satisfy them under the will4 ,although ,judge ,windes refused to depose ,mc,cullough as administrator1 he ordered him to make a definite report1 setting forth the condition of the property1 with a list of all disbursements4 ,further1 he directed that ,mc,cullough should report from time to time as the court might direct and ordered him to give a permanent bond of #ej1jjj4 ,the court said that the trustee's conduct had been improper4#eb #eb ,chicago ,tribune1 ,july #ae1 #aiae4 ,d4 ,indicate and correct the faults in the following stories 7paragraphs #aca-acd73 #a4 ,while ,mrs4 ,stanley ,barnes was making fruit salad at the ,baptist parsonage ,thursday she lost her wedding ring in it4 ,clark ,webster was sick ,friday morning1 and for a time it was thought that he had eaten it in the salad1 but a calmness was restored in these parts when it was learned that she had failed to put it on when leaving home in the morning4 #b4 ,hereafter it shall be written by way of simile3 ,as fair as a ,hinsdale blonde4 ,rainwater is the answer4 ,rainwater6 ,rainwater1 such as used to seep off the kitchen roof into the eave trough and into the barrel at the corner4 ,but the ,hinsdale water barrel1 that has just been completed and now is in operation1 is no mere castoff sauerkraut hogshead4 ,it cost #cj1jjj1 and it gives forth rainwater at a rate of a million gallons a day4 ,and the dingiest brunette will soon blossom out in the full glory of the spun-gold blonde4 ,the chemist person who installed the #cj1jjj rain barrel says so1 and he claims to know4 ,it was cited to the women of ,hinsdale that the women of the ,british ,isles are fair1 very fair1 indeed4 ,what makes them so fair8 ,the fog4 ,and what is fog8 ,it is rainwater in the vapor4 ,hence rainwater will make women fair4 ,let us1 therefore1 have rainwater4 ,the water in ,hinsdale heretofore has been hard4 ,it crinkled the hair and put the complexion on the bum4 ,it cost more money for cosmetics to set these complexions right than a couple of #cj1jjj rain barrels4 ,but now the seediest lady in the land has only to make a pilgrimage to ,hinsdale and return ready to make faces at the inventor of peroxide4 #c4 ,last week ,tuesday night the henhouse of ,mr4 ,rosenblot1 on the ,standard farm1 was broken open and #ad hens taken4 ,also at the same time five bags of grain and two bags of cattle salt were stolen4 ,thursday night his chicken coops were visited and about #dj little chicks taken4 ,mr4 ,rosenblot expects his wife and her mother from ,russia next week4 #d4 ,the feature of the evening was the dance4 ,miss ,semple's grace and ease in executing the many intricate steps of the ,argentine tango1 hesitation waltz1 and other modern dances elicited great applause from the onlookers4 ,miss ,sheppard of the ,district ,nurses' ,association gave a lecture on first aid to the injured4 #e4 ,lemme see something nifty in shirts--something with a classy green stripe1 said ,dan ,mc,kee of ,soho ,street1 as he cruised into the men's furnishing store of ,emil de ,santis1 in ,webster ,avenue4 ,the lone clerk evidently did not notice all the specifications of ,mc,kee's order1 and listlessly drew out at random the first box of shirts his hand touched4 ,picking the top shirt out1 he laid it before ,mc,kee4 ,there's something nice1 he began4 ,oh1 is it8 yelled ,mc,kee4 ,mc,kee1 said ,magistrate ,sweeney at the hearing1 what on earth made you try to wreck that store8 ,i asked for a green striped shirt1 judge4 ,well8 ,and that fellow handed me a bright orange one4 ,i see1 said ,sweeney4 ,but ,i'll have to make it thirty days4 ,e4 ,the following stories1 along with other faults1 are lacking in tone4 ,correct them in any way necessary4 7,paragraphs #acf-acg47 #a4 ,the wedding bells peeled joyfully at the home of ,mr4 ,h4 ,r4 ,drake last ,tuesday1 when their highly accomplished and beautiful daughter1 ,melva1 became the blushing bride of that sterling young farmer1 ,henry ,eastman4 ,the bride's brother1 ,charlie1 played ,mendelssohn's wedding march on his cornet1 and considering the fact he has only had it about #i months it sounded good4 ,rev4 ,osgood1 who has been working through harvest and picking up a little on the side1 performed the nuptials4 ,the bride's costume was a sort of light gauzy affair and white slippers and stockings to match4 ,of course she wore heavier clothes when they went on their wedding trip4 ,quite a merry crowd assembled to see them off1 and as they didn't have any rice some of them got to throwing roasting ears4 ,henry was struck under the eye by a large ear and blacked it pretty bad4 ,they drove right to ,larned and stayed all night at the hotel1 and then took their wedding trip to ,kinsley and ,dodge ,city4 ,they have rented the old home place and will be at home next ,tuesday4 ,melva expects to take charge of ,cooper ,jones' cook shack the rest of the season4 #b4 ,the old must die1 the young sometimes do4 ,when a young child1 sweet and gentle in temperament1 lovable and full of promise1 is cut down in the very hey time of youth1 it is unutterably sad4 ,there is said to be a time for all things and this would seem to be a time for mourning4 ,sunday morning at #d3cj o'clock the ,death ,angel summoned ,john ,o4 ,beck1 ,jr41 and bade him leave his playthings and many friends and come away4 ,it must have been with a sigh of relief that his spirit took flight from the frail body which had been tortured for twenty-two long days with the torture of spinal meningitis4 ,john ,o4 ,beck1 ,jr41 youngest son of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,john ,o4 ,beck1 was born on the twenty-fifth day of ,july1 #aijc1 in ,boswell4 ,he was the youngest of four children--,william1 ,leona1 and ,la ,baron survive him4 ,his was a most beautiful nature1 he loved company1 and the childish circles in which he moved were always brighter and happier for his presence4 ,as a member of the ,christian ,sunday ,school he was always in his place4 ,the little boy will be missed1 not only in the home1 but among his playmates and also amongst the older people of the city4 ,the funeral will be held to-morrow afternoon at #c o'clock from the family home4 ,dr4 ,frank ,talmage1 pastor of the ,christian ,church1 will officiate4 ,interment will be made in ,south ,park4 #c4 ,after the ceremony the guests repaired to the dining-room1 where a wedding dinner was served1 replete with the most luscious viands conceivable by the human imagination4 ,the turkey1 which had been roasted under the personal supervision of the bride1 possessed delectability of flavor impossible of description4 ,it was the unanimous verdict of the numerous assemblage of appreciative guests that never before in the annals of human history had a turkey more delicious1 more savory1 more ambrosial1 been the object of human consumption4 ,both the business office and the editorial rooms of the ,standard were largely and brilliantly represented1 and the collation was interspersed with highly intelligent affabilities4 ,constant streams of sparkling repartee rippled across the table1 jocund anecdotes and refined civilities of every variety abounded1 the festivities in every way being characterized by vivacity1 suavity1 chivalry1 and irreproachable respectability4 #d4 ,r4 ,s4 ,george had a narrow escape from sudden death yesterday morning4 ,george was working on top of an electric pole on ,water ,st4 and ,ninth ,ave4 ,he was strapped to the pole4 ,he was removing the bolts that held the cross-bars4 ,the pole was rotten and ,george's weight at the top caused it to break4 ,in falling the pole hit the supply wagon that was standing below1 breaking the fall4 ,other men working on the job rushed to his aid4 ,dr4 ,mitchell was called4 ,george was taken to the ,sacred ,heart ,hospital4 ,mr4 ,george was badly shaken up but not seriously injured4 ,he is employed by the ,wisconsin-,minnesota ,light ,power ,co4 #e4 ,bud ,lanham1 the ,corner's miser1 who has buried his money for the last six years near the big ash tree back of ,cary's gin1 lost half of it last week4 ,the guilty person has not been apprehended4 ,tim ,snyder went to ,jonesville yesterday and bought himself a fine suit of clothes and a ,ford4 #f4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,i4 ,epstein1 the soprano soloist from ,st4 ,louis1 will sing a symphony known as the ,surprise ,symphony at the concert by the ,university ,orchestra in the auditorium to-morrow night4 ,the piece was written by ,haydn4 ,the symphony was so named by the composer on account of the startling effects produced4 ,the solo part is very unusual1 the long pauses and unusual loud chords make it unlike other music4 ,it has a pleasing effect on the audience1 probably due to its individuality4 ,mrs4 ,epstein has the reputation of being able to sing this kind of a solo4 ,the foremost critics of the largest musical world pronounce ,mrs4 ,epstein as an ideal in oratorical singing4 #g4 ,some jealous rascal threw a stone at a buggy in which a certain young man of ,florala and a young lady of ,lockhart were riding last ,saturday night4 ,the stone struck the young lady squarely in the back1 and at the same time bruised the left arm of the young man very badly4 #h4 ,mrs4 ,o4 ,n4 ,daw is confined to her bed on account of the recent injury she sustained when she fell from a chair to the floor4 ,mrs4 ,daw was attempting to swat a fly at hand and stood upon the chair to reach the intended victim4 ,he was further away than at first anticipated and in an endeavor to reach him she fell as a result of becoming overbalanced4 ,we trust her injury will soon give her no further trouble and will soon become well4 ,she certainly is to be commended for her efforts to swat the fly1 for if more of us did this we would find less disease in the world and conditions more healthful in general4 ,besides the flies are a bothersome pest anyway4 #i4 ,one of the most superb affairs that the citizens of ,lexington have witnessed for quite a long while1 was brought to bear by the uniting in holy wedlock of ,mrs4 ,mary ,elizabeth ,stewart and ,mr4 ,louis ,monroe ,ford4 ,at the beginning1 the day was one of gloom1 but late in the morning the clouds became scattered1 and at the noon hour the sun peeped out and streamed through the windows of the old historic church1 adding cheer and enthusiasm to the superb occasion4 ,each individual of the bridal party performed his or her part as perfectly as if guided by a guardian angel1 and the entire performance was one of rare beauty1 portraying all of the accuracy of a piece of well-oiled machinery4 ,f4 ,the following stories are good and bad4 ,rewrite any that need correction4 ,show why the others are good4 ,,accident ,,narrowly ,,averted ,last ,thursday evening the people of the beautiful little village of ,hartford were astounded when they heard the moan and groan of one of their neighbors1 ,dr4 ,william ,waters1 who had the misfortune of being capsized beneath a small building in the mad waters of ,pigeon ,river4 ,while ,dr4 ,waters was out for an evening walk enjoying the cool breezes on the banks of this beautiful stream he had occasion to enter a small building which had been erected years ago4 ,owing to his enormous heavy weight1 and without a moment's warning1 the building toppled over in the river1 leaving the doctor in quite an embarrassing position4 ,the moans and groans from beneath the little building could be heard from most every home in ,hartford4 ,had it not been for the never-tiring efforts of ,lewis ,johnson and ,andy ,valentine in moving the building off the ,doctor1 rescuing him from the grasp of death1 which had clutched him beneath the building in the mad waters of the river1 crepe would now be dangling from the door-knob of a ,doctor's office in ,hartford4 ,,tight ,,shoes ,,balk ,,pay-,,day ,,lark ,mrs4 ,mary ,bogden1 #ej ,west #aaith ,street1 is nearly five feet tall and weighs #bjj pounds4 ,yesterday she refused to go out with her husband1 ,joe1 to celebrate his pay day1 because her shoes were too tight4 ,joe went out alone4 ,when he came home he found his wife had been arrested for drinking too much4 ,to-day her hat is too tight4 ,,kills ,,girl ,,who ,,spurned ,,him ,miss ,evelyn ,helm got her position as cloak model because of the trimness of her waist1 because of her lithe young figure1 and because of her loveliness and vivacity4 ,when she wore a gown for a buyer1 he generally said1 ,some skirt6 ,therefore she received a fair salary and was independent4 ,the same qualities that earned her money1 however1 attracted the attentions of a man she did not like--and invoked a tragedy4 ,the man was gray-haired and big and fat and unromantic1 but he loved the cloak model desperately4 ,he told her so every time he saw her1 but she laughed at him4 ,she knew him as ,lem ,willhide of ,kentucky1 and she tried to avoid him4 ,he followed her one day to her room in the home of ,mrs4 ,louise ,wendt1 #acai ,eddy ,street1 and invited himself to call4 ,he wanted to marry her1 to take her home to the blue grass country with him1 but she could not be annoyed4 ,i ought to be calling you 'daddy1' she said4 ,why1 you're more than twice as old as ,i4 ,you've admitted you are #eb4 ,go get a nurse and let me alone4 ,he seemed to like her spirit4 ,she could not break his determination1 he told her4 ,he might be old1 but this was his first love affair4 ,again and again she put him off4 ,always he followed her1 spied on her1 called her by phone4 ,she could not escape him1 but he couldn't persuade her to wed him4 ,yesterday morning as usual he sent his love message over the telephone wires--and the girl hung up the receiver and she sneered in an explanation to the landlady4 ,later she was dressing to go out1 when the back door of the rooming-house opened and the man from ,kentucky bulged in the doorway4 ,you've got your nerve coming into a lady's house without asking1 said the girl4 ,i've come to get you1 said the man4 ,then you better go back again1 and the girl turned away4 ,the man from ,kentucky drew a revolver and shot her in the neck4 ,she looked up at him from the floor1 and he fired four more bullets into her body4 ,if we can't be wed in life1 we'll marry in death1 the landlady heard him say1 and he shot himself in the head4 ,miss ,helm died as the police were carrying her into the ,chicago ,union ,hospital1 and the man from ,kentucky died later in the ,alexian ,brothers' ,hospital4 ,before he went he told ,detective ,william ,rohan that he was a tobacco salesman and a professional card player4 ,i drew for a queen to fill a bobtail flush1 he said1 with a queer smile1 but ,i didn't better my hand4 ,,chauffeur',s ,,feet ,,burned ,,off ,herbert ,t4 ,middleton lives on ,anderson ,avenue1 at ,palisade1 ,n4 ,j4 ,while driving his automobile along the avenue he saw an overturned car burst into flame at the roadside1 about half a mile south of ,fort ,lee4 ,two men and a boy were struggling to lift the rear end of the car1 and shouting for help4 ,middleton hurried to their aid and found that the legs of the chauffeur were pinned to the ground by the back of the rear seat and flaming gasoline running over his limbs was burning him like a torch4 ,the chauffeur1 ,amendo ,alberti1 #cb years old1 raised himself to a sitting posture and tried to direct the efforts of his rescuers4 ,with the aid of another autoist and several drivers of passing wagons1 they finally got ,alberti free4 ,the burning gasoline had spread upward to his body4 ,it was smothered by rolling the man in lap robes from the cars4 ,dr4 ,max ,wyley of ,englewood ,hospital1 who came with an ambulance1 found that the chauffeur's feet had been almost burned off1 and the burning fluid had seared his limbs and body as far as his chest4 ,at the hospital ,doctor ,proctor assisted ,doctor ,wyley in an effort to keep him alive4 ,they decided he had one chance in five of living4 ,if he survives he will be a cripple4 ,,blames ,,all ,,on ,,woman ,,he ,,killed ,the woman ,thou gavest me tempted me and ,i did eat4--,adam1 thousands of centuries ago4 ,shortly after the world began1 ,adam sinned--and blamed a woman4 ,what ,adam did in fear of ,god1 a twentieth-century ,adam did yesterday in ,chicago--blamed a woman4 ,here is the story3 ,attachs of a saloon and caf at #gad ,north ,clark ,street were startled early yesterday afternoon by revolver shots just outside the door4 ,rushing into an alley at the rear1 they found the bodies of a man and a woman4 ,the man was ,washington ,irving ,morley1 son of a wealthy contractor of ,kansas ,city4 ,the woman was ,mrs4 ,may ,whitney1 #bi years old1 cabaret singer and mother of a #c-year-old child4 ,as they picked the bodies up1 a letter dropped from the man's coat4 ,it told everything that need be told about the dead man1 the dead woman1 and the dead man's deed4 ,it was addressed ,to ,anybody1 and read3 ,this is an awful deed1 but this woman is and has been ten thousand times worse than the vampire of fiction1 and may ,god have mercy on her soul and mine4 ,yes1 ,i guess ,i am crazy and have been for a year1 but she has driven me to it4 ,i left her in ,k4 ,c41 but she followed me to ,chicago and then to ,green ,bay and all over4 ,but it is too late to cry about our mistakes4 ,i have had my chances1 but ,i have thrown them all away4 ,oh1 if ,i had only taken the advice years ago of that grandest of all men1 my father4 ,but ,i let the three ,w's get me--wine1 women1 and w--4 ,but1 young men1 remember1 do not get infatuated with a woman of doubtful character4 ,they never can lead to anything good4 ,i have had my fling1 but now ,i am going to the great beyond and ,i'm going to take the creature with me that has caused me more bad luck1 heartaches1 and everything else4 ,i cannot live with her and ,i cannot live without her4 ,good-by all4 ,w4 ,s4 ,morley4 ,p4 ,s4--,my belongings are all in her trunk1 which is at ,spangenberg's4 ,i think her mother's address is #abc ,pinckney ,street1 ,somerville1 ,mass41 ,mrs4 ,d4 ,t4 ,whitney4 ,the bodies were taken to ,gavin ,son's undertaking rooms4 ,there a second letter was found in the man's pocket4 ,it was addressed to his father1 ,p4 ,j4 ,morley1 in ,kansas ,city1 and read as follows3 ,you no doubt will be horrified1 but ,i couldn't help it4 ,i have been crazy for a year1 and this woman has driven me to it4 ,you have been the grandest father in the world to me1 and if only ,i had taken your advice1 what a change it would have made in my life6 ,but it is too late4 ,good-by1 and may ,god have mercy on my soul4 ,yours1 ,irving4 ,p4 ,s4--,father1 if you want to do anything1 take care of that boy in ,hamburg1 ,iowa4 ,he will be some boy if he doesn't inherit too many of his parents' bad faults4 ,until recently ,morley was a partner in the expressing firm of ,ryan ,morley1 ,fifth ,avenue and ,randolph ,street4 ,,slain ,,in ,,fight ,,on ,,bridge ,a horrified crowd to-day saw a fight sixty feet in the air on an arch of the new high-level bridge over the ,cuyahoga ,river in which ,frank ,wright1 storekeeper for the bridge contractors1 was killed by a fellow workman with an iron bar4 ,the killing was witnessed by ,wright's wife1 who was making her way up to him with his lunch4 ,police have arrested ,jack ,browning in connection with the crime4 ,the killing was preceded by a grim struggle in which the two men wrestled back and forth on the arch and both nearly fell into the river several times4 ,after ,wright had been slain his assailant jumped from platform to platform until he reached the ground and then fled4 ,,aged ,,man ,,gains ,,hearts ,,desire ,joseph ,stang has gained his heart's desire4 ,he is dead4 ,for ,joseph ,stang death drew aside its mask of horror and revealed itself the fair prize and ultimate reward of mankind1 impartially awaiting the winners and losers in life4 ,and the aged man pursued it for a year with patient resolution1 undiverted by the inconsequential parade of the world's affairs4 ,during the last year ,mr4 ,stang1 who was #ha years old1 and a retired real-estate man1 living with an invalid wife at #dhee ,north ,paulina ,street1 made three ineffectual attempts to commit suicide4 ,his first effort was discovered before he had succeeded in injuring himself4 ,on ,oct4 #cj he sent a bullet into his brain in his bedroom4 ,persons in the household ran to him and found him lying on the floor1 the revolver beside him4 ,he was placed on the bed1 and during the excitement of telephoning for an ambulance and a physician1 the members of the household left him alone1 believing him unconscious1 if not dead4 ,he got out of bed and crawled to his revolver1 which had been picked up and placed on the bureau4 ,then he fired another shot over his heart4 ,he was taken to the hospital1 where his wounds1 although both in vital parts1 healed rapidly1 and he was soon discharged4 ,because of his infirmities and the illness of his wife he was later taken to the ,german-,american ,hospital to be cared for4 ,saturday morning he told his nurse that he was tired of life4 ,she cajoled him into a better humor1 however1 and he ate three hearty meals during the day4 ,shortly after supper he was left alone in his room4 ,he went to his window1 which overlooks a cemented court twenty feet below1 and dived out1 striking on his head4 ,he was dead within a few minutes4 ,physicians at the hospital declare that ,mr4 ,stang must have calculated his jump carefully1 as a falling body would not strike head first unless by design4 ,,dark ,,streets ,,make ,,three ,,escapes ,,possible ,policemen on posts in the ,bronx have frequently complained to their superior officers because the turning off of street lights before daylight often gives burglars and other criminals an hour or more of heavy darkness in which to carry on their operations unmolested4 ,the most emphatic of such complaints was made yesterday morning1 after three burglars had escaped from pursuit at #d3cj ,a4,m4 ,according to the policemen who attempted to capture the men1 all of the lights in the ,bronx were out at the time and heavy clouds made the streets black as midnight in a country village4 ,the policemen attributed the escape of the burglars entirely to the darkness4 ,not only did the men escape1 but they fired revolvers at the policemen and narrowly missed one of them1 who heard the bullet as it passed his head4 ,sergeant ,hale and ,policeman ,regen of the ,morrisania ,station were standing in ,westchester ,avenue near ,union ,avenue shortly before #d3cj o'clock1 when they heard the crashing of a pane of glass4 ,they ran to ,union ,avenue in time to see the dim shadows of three men running from the corner4 ,the two policemen shouted to the men to stop and fired their revolvers1 but the fugitives1 returning the fire over their shoulders1 darted down ,union ,avenue1 separated1 and disappeared into apartment house doors4 ,policemen ,rooney and ,o',connell1 who were several blocks away1 heard the shots and ran to the scene4 ,the alarm was sent to the precinct station1 and while the four policemen were following the burglars into the apartment houses1 the reserves were hurrying to their assistance4 ,hale and ,regen surprised one of the men on a roof and opened fire on him1 but1 as far as they could tell in the inky darkness1 he was not hit4 ,as he fled to the roof of an adjoining house he fired at the policemen1 and ,hale could tell from its sound that the bullet passed within a few inches of his head4 ,the man disappeared into the darkness1 and the policemen were unable to find him again4 ,other policemen followed the other two burglars1 the reserves surrounded the block1 and many of those living in the neighborhood who were aroused from sleep by the revolver shots1 joined in the hunt2 but the trail of none of the fugitives was picked up4 ,it was so dark1 the searchers said1 that they were not able to see more than a few feet ahead of them at any time4 ,all agreed that the burglars probably hid almost under the noses of those who were looking for them1 for every roof1 alley and possible hiding place in the block was searched as carefully as was practicable under the conditions4 ,the men had thrown a brick through the window in the jewelry store of ,m4 ,baldwin1 at ,westchester and ,union ,avenues4 ,they snatched about #ajj worth of novelty objects from the window1 but dropped all of them in their flight4 ,the property was later picked up from the street4 ,many complaints have come to the ,new ,york ,crescent from all over the city because there is often an hour or more of darkness between the time of turning out street lights and daylight4 ,the lighting companies1 it is said1 are within the law of their contracts with the city4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,indicate the places at which paragraphs should be made in the following stories3 ,,character ,,indicated ,,by ,,the ,,lips ,to all daughters of ,eve who have leap-year intentions1 the vocational guide and well-known bachelor1 ,william ,j4 ,kibby1 to-day offers advice concerning the habits1 characteristics1 and dispositions of various sorts of men1 which is intended to help the girls win their hearts' desires without suffering rebuff in the process4 ,a good deal of what ,kibby says is based upon phrenology4 ,a man who has thin1 straight lips is branded a cold-blooded1 stony-hearted creature upon whom the dearest girl's appeal would have no effect4 ,this sort of man will do his own proposing1 run his own wedding1 and rule his household2 and he'll do it more with his head than with his heart4 ,but if the man of your choice has full1 well-formed lips1 ,kibby says you may depend upon his capacity for1 and inclination to1 love4 ,he also is susceptible to the right sort of feminine approach4 ,kibby says the way to tell whether the one you love1 loves you1 is by the coloring of the under lip when he is with you4 ,every human emotion gives some physical demonstration when it is aroused4 ,the evidence that love has been aroused is given by the deep crimsoning of the under lip4 ,if his under lip is perpetually pale when he is with you1 he doesn't love you4 ,if it is crimson and you want him1 grab quick2 he won't run4 ,a man with a broad1 square1 massive forehead is a good business man2 he can plan ahead1 has good business judgment4 ,if the crown of his head is high and round he is absolutely conscientious1 too2 and if the back of his head is well rounded out he will love his home1 his wife1 and his children and show them consideration above everything else in the world4 ,the man whose head is flat on top1 flat and almost even with his ears in the back and narrow and foreshortened on the front2 whose lips are thin1 whose eyes are cold1 will not make a good husband in any sense of the word1 says ,kibby4 ,the longer a man's jaw-bone1 the greater his capacity for affection1 according to ,kibby4 ,all these things are as applicable to women as to men1 is the expert's opinion4 ,,fashion ,,model ,,marries ,,all ,,in ,,black ,a black wedding1 one of the most remarkable ceremonies ever performed in this country and one which made even blas ,new ,york sit up and stare1 was celebrated at the ,church of ,st4 ,vincent de ,paul here to-day4 ,it was completely black1 and the first wedding of its kind ever planned made the little fashion model1 ,eleanor ,klinger1 the bride of ,ora ,cne1 a designer4 ,from the limousine in which they threaded their way among the skyscrapers to the little church in ,twenty-third ,street to the handles on the silver service at their wedding breakfast1 everything down to the most minute detail was coal black4 ,even the serving men were black2 and everyone with any part in the ceremony wore black1 including black gloves4 ,as the big black car whirled up to the curb at #i o'clock1 the driver1 who had a black mustache1 twisted the black handle on the door and out popped the little bride and groom4 ,they were dressed in black from head to foot4 ,cne1 a handsome1 stocky young fellow1 a little below medium height1 wore a single-breasted black broadcloth suit1 cut business style and fitting close4 ,his collar was black and his string tie and black silk shirt blended into his black vest4 ,the little bride1 tripping across the sidewalk with her soon-to-be1 wore black silk slippers1 a black silk dress sparingly overlaid with black chiffon4 ,her wedding veil was a broad strip of black silk edged and overlaid with black tulle1 ending in large bows4 ,this wedding veil and train are detachable1 so1 as the bridegroom explained1 it can be used either for morning or evening4 ,the bride's corsage bouquet was of black pansies4 ,after the ceremony ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,cne sped to their black wedding breakfast at the ,cne apartment in ,forty-third ,street4 ,there ,cne's black valet served black coffee1 black bread1 black butter 7dyed71 black bass1 black raisins1 and blackberries4 ,the breakfast room was in black and white1 with ebony furniture and black rugs4 ,the silver service1 from coffee set to teaspoons1 was fitted with dull finished ebony handles4 ,the porcelain service was black with an edging of white4 ,cne and his bride will begin a tour of the larger cities of the country with their visit to ,philadelphia ,friday1 where ,cne will address the ,teachers' ,institute of ,domestic ,science4 ,later they will go to ,fort ,wayne1 ,ind41 ,cne's home town1 and to ,omaha1 ,minneapolis1 ,nashville1 ,pittsburgh1 ,kansas ,city and later to the ,west ,coast4#ec #ec ,kansas ,city ,star1 ,january #ba1 #aiag4 ,,chapter ,,xii ,a4 ,the following sentences contain pronouns incorrectly used4 ,indicate and correct the faults in each sentence4 7,paragraphs #adg-adi47 #a4 ,while ,bill ,knight was riding a bucking horse at his store ,saturday he got beyond control and ran against the house and caused concussion of the brain and they had to kill it4 #b4 ,this lunchroom cookery goes on during the second and third hours of the morning1 at the end of which each member of the class is expected to have their respective duties done and ready to put in the steam table for lunch4 #c4 ,the management of the ,majestic ,theater are preparing to put up a number of lights down to the theater4 ,this will be a permanent fixture and will be very beautiful4 ,it is to be known as the ,great ,white ,way4 #d4 ,one difference between a man and a mule is that when a mule turns his back on a man1 he is in the most danger4 #e4 ,they passed through ,wisconsin1 ,minnesota1 and the northern parts of ,north ,dakota and ,south ,dakota1 and after reaching ,montana they visited many different parts of it4 ,one evening they took their suppers and ate on the ,rocky ,mountains which will never be forgotten by the parties4 #f4 ,each of the visitors will be requested to tell of his or her most humorous experience as a teacher2 also the most important problem which they have met with since they became teachers4 #g4 ,it would not be right1 after their work in trying to bring all nations into universal peace1 for the ,united ,states1 in the first case of this kind1 to turn against its own policies and not listen to the appeal of the ,south ,american countries to arbitrate the dispute for them4 #h4 ,last night ,i sat in a gondola on ,venice's ,grand ,canal1 drinking it all in1 and life never seemed so full before4 #i4 ,tom ,wilkinson happened to a very serious accident this week in trying to put grease on his mule to keep off the flies4 ,the mule became frightened and jumped1 causing him a fractured rib and dislocated shoulder4 #aj4 ,the members of ,kappa ,beta sorority attended the funeral of ,mrs4 ,owen1 at ,benton yesterday1 the mother of ,miss ,anne ,owen of ,allgood ,college and a member of the sorority who died ,sunday4 #aa4 ,driggs1 our popular druggist1 was covered with dirt ,saturday while putting up a stovepipe1 some of which lodged in his eye1 giving him much pain4 #ab4 ,cornell's first touchdown was made after less than five minutes of play4 ,they took the kick-off and with ,barrett and ,collins making long gains on every plunge through the line1 the ball was carried straight to a touchdown4 #ac4 ,miss ,janet ,hearn1 who went to ,marquette and is going to ,carroll also1 suggested that each girl wear a white chrysanthemum tied with blue ribbon when they go to ,waukesha4 #ad4 ,the bride entered the drawing-room on the arm of her father1 who wore a gown of white charmeuse satin1 trimmed in ,venetian point lace1 and with veil of the same4 #ae4 ,either every one is traveling in ,italy these days or else they have much less accommodation than usual4 #af4 ,the ,du ,pont ,company is building four lines at their works near this city and more than #a1jjj men are now employed4 #ag4 ,birds with beautiful long tail feathers that had traveled hundreds of miles from the warm countries of ,africa sat on their perches looking homesick for their native forests4 #ah4 ,when pulling out for ,glen ,haven with the freight wagon ,thursday morning1 ,norm ,watriss was notified by pedestrians on the street that his nose was frozen4 ,he gave up the trip1 after explaining that it had started to freeze three times that morning4 #ai4 ,the ,main ,street ,methodist ,church1 at ,salisbury1 ,n4 ,c41 has given their pastor1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,f4 ,sherrill1 a hearty welcome4 #bj4 ,it certainly will reduce the number of serious accidents in the way of people being run over1 which all desire to see4 #ba4 ,suspecting that ,patterson had planned his getaway1 ,foster ran to a point on the street where he knew he would intercept him as he emerged from the alley4 ,both met about the same time4 #bb4 ,len ,french returned ,wednesday evening and is greatly improved since his accident4 ,he was kicked by a horse about two weeks ago in the face4 ,we are glad that it did not leave a scar4 #bc4 ,besides ,johnson and ,wingers1 the detectives found two half-dollars which only a little while before had been removed from the mold4 ,when taken to ,central police station the two would have nothing to say4 #bd4 ,jack ,murphy threatens to sue the ,milwaukee ,railroad for damages sustained when he alleges a trunk was thrown out upon him the first of the week from a ,milwaukee train at their station1 which confined him to his bed1 he avers4 ,b4 ,correct the verbs in the following sentences 7paragraphs #aej-aec73 #a4 ,an eighteen-year-old girl with four younger brothers and sisters were arraigned in court this morning charged with running an illicit distillery4 #b4 ,an elaborate series of special devotions always take place at this season in ,roman ,catholic and ,episcopal parishes4 #c4 ,all the party had expected to have got to the theater in time by starting from the house at #g3de4 #d4 ,every one of the #hbd people who have been married in ,appleton by ,dr4 ,john ,faville during the twenty-one years he has been pastor of the ,congregational church have been invited to attend services at the church next ,sunday4 #e4 ,in point of attendance it was the largest meeting the association has ever held1 sixty-four members having been present1 representing every part of the country4 #f4 ,the owners of the building wish to truly thank all the men who were good enough to so kindly give their time and means in the city's cause4 #g4 ,then running up ,main ,street comes the woman's entrance1 woman's boudoir1 lounge1 men's entrance1 buffet1 and a shop4 #h4 ,suits made-to-order can be detected at a glance from the ready-made kind1 and a glance at these suitings will prove that there is no such qualities to be found in ready-made suits4 #i4 ,obtaining a warrant two days beforehand1 ,officer ,lord was ready for any emergency4 #aj4 ,after being put to bed1 the hospital notified the ,west ,lake street police of the man's presence there4 #aa4 ,the old ,populistic following that has been ,bryan's strength in the past have been told by him over and over again that they have no quarrel with this administration4 #ab4 ,during the first six months of this year there was exported to the ,united ,states and ,american possessions from ,hamburg1 ,luebeck1 and ,kiel goods to the value of #a1aec1jjj4 #ac4 ,being tried three times already for the same offense1 he could not expect clemency now4 #ad4 ,thomas admitted that he was intending to seriously propose a bill forbidding women wearing short or close-fitting skirts4 #ae4 ,he had worked the play only four times before he had been caught the second time4 #af4 ,the large number of carp in the ,fox ,river this year have caused a number of local men to become interested in establishing a fish cannery at ,appleton4 #ag4 ,neither the amount of the bonus or the salary were mentioned by ,comiskey or ,ban ,johnson4 #ah4 ,entering the historic church a scene of havoc and ruin is presented--twisted beams and arches1 panels and columns of alabaster crushed into bits and lying around in heaps1 the richly carved pulpit blown to pieces with only a faint outline of its former wonders remaining4 ,c4 ,the following sentences illustrate faults in cordination and subordination4 ,correct the errors4 7,mainly paragraphs #aed-aee47 #a4 ,john ,miller had the misfortune to fall on the ice ,friday and break his wooden leg4 ,this will lay ,mr4 ,miller up for some time as the limb will have to be sent away for repairs or perhaps necessitates his buying an entirely new leg4 #b4 ,strict attention to business1 courteous treatment of those with whom he comes in contact both in a business and social way1 and always mindful of the interests of his employer1 are qualifications fitting ,mr4 ,de ,baufer as the logical successor to ,mr4 ,dodge4 #c4 ,mr4 ,kennedy was destroying some tanglefoot fly paper that had been used by burning same near the building1 and the wind had blown a spark into a rat hole and the draft brought the fire up inside the studding and was hard to get at1 but was put out by the chemicals and no damage done to the building4 #d4 ,work of constructing a ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 hotel costing #a1age1jjj and which will provide #a1hfe rooms for young men starting a business life1 was begun here to-day4 #e4 ,three regrettable things were done by the legislature1 said ,president ,charles ,b4 ,rogers1 ,alumni association3 ,one was the creation of the central board of education1 dormitory appropriations were repealed1 the tuition for nonresidents was raised4 #f4 ,while ,mr4 ,william ,conklin was exercising his old pet horse recently1 he slipped on the ice1 giving the horse a chance to turn and kick him in the face1 whereby a few stitches had to be taken1 but now is quite comfortable4 #g4 ,i was on the ,news when ,donovan was on the ,journal and in '#hg launched my history of the ,people's ,party1 against which the entire press was arrayed1 save the ,staats-,zeitung1 ,hessing's paper1 and which won out against the ,law and ,order party by a majority of #aj1ejj4 #h4 ,some one entered the cellar at the ,o4 ,l4 ,paris home last week and stole about a peck of pickles4 ,mr4 ,paris says that if the pickles are returned or paid for he will refrain from publishing the name on an envelope found in his cellar and supposed to have been dropped by the thief4 #i4 ,mrs4 ,bordy is an attractive brunette while the groom is connected with the ,central ,savings ,bank and ,trust ,company4 #aj4 ,the difference in the size of the schools is another cause of the weakness1 ,oxford being the largest and seems to want proper control4 #aa4 ,she married ,pancho ,villa when he was a bandit and now has two automobiles1 a great many diamonds1 and a fine home near the palace4 #ab4 ,uncle ,russ ,brown and wife were in town and visited the doctor and had a tooth pulled and also had one of his wife's teeth pulled4 #ac4 ,when ,mrs4 ,albert ,truskey of this city with her sister ,mrs4 ,louise ,schwendlund of ,appleton went to visit their mother who is seriously ill at the home of her son1 ,john ,beckett1 in ,de ,pere last ,wednesday1 they were greeted by another sister who1 it is alleged to have started a fracas in which one sister is said to have slapped the other in the face4 #ad4 ,mr4 ,rounds underwent an operation upon his arm about a month ago and which physicians claim to have been perfectly successful4 #ae4 ,albert ,johns upon interfering pushed the two visiting sisters out of the house1 was arrested and later released upon furnishing a bond for #cjj to keep the peace4 #af4 ,he was crossing the trestle and when seeing a freight coming1 and being desirous of crossing the track before it came1 he hurried across1 and slipped1 his foot falling between one of the cross-ties4 ,he managed to extricate his leg from the tie1 but lost his balance and the other foot slipped1 precipitating himself in his former dangerous predicament1 and narrowly escaped being crushed to death under the train1 as he finally succeeded in freeing himself and jumped across the side just as the big freight came down the track4 #ag4 ,yesterday afternoon the ladies of ,st4 ,mary's ,guild gave at ,fulrath's ,opera ,house one of the most successful dances ever held in ,savannah4 ,successful not only financially but also from society and an enjoyable point of view4 #ah4 ,people with gray eyes are superficial1 frivolous1 given to embrace false idols1 running down blind alleys1 following false prophets1 thoughtless1 inconsiderate1 wanting in sympathy1 neurotic1 unstable1 not firm and deliberate1 but rash and impetuous4 #ai4 ,mrs4 ,berkinshaw was handsome in pale blue hand-embroidered crepe with a hat of black velvet trimmed with white ospreys and carried a ,french bouquet of violets and pink roses4 #bj4 ,the seat sale for ,fiske ,o',hara's play at the theatre next ,friday evening is progressing very rapidly1 nothing but #a4jj and #a4ej seats being left and a great many of the #a4jj seats have been sold4 #ba4 ,grace ,marshall1 confined a prisoner in her father's home near ,st4 ,michael's1 ,md41 for twelve years1 and who is being treated at the ,henry ,phipps ,clinic1 is improving physically1 but will never fully recover her mental faculties1 according to ,dr4 ,lewis ,a4 ,sexton of the hospital4 ,d4 ,the following sentences contain errors due principally to faulty ellipsis4 ,point out the faults in ellipsis and correct all errors4 7,mainly paragraph #aef47 #a4 ,marvin ,cloudt and ,ferdinand ,willie attended the dance ,tuesday night at ,mrs4 ,jamie ,kanak's1 and hear they enjoyed it well and caught themselves nice sweethearts4 #b4 ,the ,leyland liner ,armenian was torpedoed and sunk on ,june #bh by a ,german submarine4 ,the vessel was carrying #a1dad mules1 which were consigned for the port of ,avonmouth4 ,a large number of the missing are ,american citizens4 #c4 ,specimens of all our students are preserved and show remarkable results in this department of our school work4 #d4 ,please inform your readers there is a reward of #aj for shooting pelicans1 and a fine of #be for the shooter4 #e4 ,all veterans attending on the regular old soldiers' and settlers' day next ,tuesday may secure tickets for themselves1 wives1 or widows which will admit them free of charge on ,wednesday4 #f4 ,he complained to his physician that he stuffed him so much with drugs that he was ill a long time after he got well4 #g4 ,william ,kohasky and ,henry ,young1 two young chaps1 were friends1 but last evening after imbibing freely from the cup that cheers forgot all about their friendliness and started to fight4 #h4 ,the person retaining my dog1 a ,lewellen setter1 is known and if not let at liberty at once1 will be prosecuted4 #i4 ,daughter and granddaughter of soldiers1 her father was on ,mac,mahon's staff1 and the image of that tall old man stretched out before her evoked in her mind another image no less terrible4 #aj4 ,if you do use a ,blank typewriter you will never be inconvenienced without one4 #aa4 ,frank ,becker had a horse break its leg ,sunday and had to be killed4 #ab4 ,an all university team picked from the best bowlers in school will be entered in the state tournament this winter for the first time and will bowl against nearly #cjj other teams at #i o'clock on ,jan4 #bh on the ,colonial alleys4 #ac4 ,the ,woman's ,benevolent ,society of the ,fourth ,congregational ,church has been newly decorated1 new lights installed1 the matting donated by the ,philathea class in place1 and all in readiness for ,go to ,church ,sunday4 #ad4 ,on account of sickness the club meeting will be postponed from ,tuesday until ,thursday4 ,e4 ,reconstruct the following sentences in any way that will make them clear4 ,point out the errors in the sentences as they now stand4 7,mainly paragraphs #aeg-afb47 #a4 ,a4 ,a4 ,de,leo1 while walking with a young lady the other night1 slipped on the icy pavement and sprained his arm1 between ,grobel's corner and the crossing4 #b4 ,some days they only succeeded in gaining a few feet1 no matter how heavy the cannonading4 #c4 ,mr4 ,scherck explained that sickness in his family has caused him a great deal of expense in the last year and is sure that he can meet all his indebtedness1 which by the way is not as large as was reported1 by the first of the new year4 #d4 ,miss ,louise ,hill gave a small luncheon ,wednesday1 at ,ferndale1 where her parents have taken the ,frank ,bovey house in honor of ,miss ,ethel ,woolf of ,atlanta1 ,ga41 who is her guest4 #e4 ,mr4 ,william ,waldorf ,astor has reached the fulfilment of the ambition which brought him from the ,united ,states to ,england sixteen years ago to become a ,british subject by his elevation to-day to the rank of a baron of the ,united ,kingdom4 #f4 ,the ,french are using the grenade as a war weapon with considerable success in trench fighting1 and for guarding the men who hurl them from poisonous vapors1 which are used with telling effect by the ,germans1 a special mask is provided4 #g4 ,mr4 ,moscherosch said this morning that the cap was designed particularly for chauffeurs and drivers who are obliged to travel at night and face the blinding light from automobile lamps1 for farmers and factory employees4 #h4 ,van ,wie's defense is that he has no recollection of the marriage on account of an operation performed on his brain4 #i4 ,in these elections they are only permitted to vote for an elector and not for the man running for the office4 #aj4 ,he finally admitted that not only the testimony was not true1 but that he knew it was false4 #aa4 ,lessons which the ,united ,states may gain from the ,european war comprise the major part of a letter written by ,tracey ,richardson of ,kansas ,city1 a soldier of fortune1 who is now serving with the ,princess ,patricia's regiment of ,canadians in ,europe1 to a ,washington friend4 #ab4 ,some of the other striking results that have taken place already since the adoption of this new scheme are3 in the first place1 there has been an increase in efficiency4 ,the men do more work in eight hours than they did before in nine4 ,in the second place1 there is a striking effect in the development of character4 #ac4 ,while ,harold ,green was escorting ,miss ,violet ,wise from the church social last ,saturday night a savage dog attacked them and bit ,mr4 ,green several times on the public square4 #ad4 ,one senator expressed the belief that the other outrages besides the ,tampico incident should be considered1 such as the treatment of ,american citizens in ,mexico1 and that all the ,mexicans should be included1 and not just ,huerta4 #ae4 ,musical numbers were rendered by ,miss ,findley on the violin and ,tom ,hamilton4 ,the occasion was greatly enjoyed4 #af4 ,quite in keeping with the old-fashioned idea of the wedding spirit and yet managed with a delicacy and refinement that lent especial charm to the homely symbols and their significance1 everything was carried out with taste and elegance that could make it prenuptial in feeling4 #ag4 ,a burglar1 in attempting to enter ,wright's store1 was shot at by ,winifred ,rardin4 ,the man started to run1 the bullet striking him between the fence corner and front gate1 inflicting a superficial wound4 #ah4 ,the affection has interfered seriously with her singing1 her talent for which has been the subject of high praise and has brought her to ,philadelphia for treatment before4 #ai4 ,bacon induced #ajj barbers on the ,west side to advertise orally to their customers of church organizations between shaves4 #bj4 ,when ,annie ,malone ,frazier1 colored1 was asked which she had rather have1 her husband1 ,babe ,frazier1 or #ba which she claimed he had stolen from her in police matinee ,wednesday afternoon1 ,annie unhesitatingly chose the #ba4 #ba4 ,callahan declared he had only bargained for two men each day4 #bb4 ,after two weeks fighting they had neither gained the forest nor even the outer edges of the village4 #bc4 ,the cause of the fire was said to be the tipping over of a lamp1 which had been left during the night by the family cat4 #bd4 ,rev4 and ,mrs4 ,pierce have returned from the ,green ,lake assembly4 ,the reverend will occupy his pulpit on ,sunday morning1 and ,monday in company with his wife they will leave to visit their new-found relatives in ,picton1 ,ontario4 ,on ,sunday the #bbnd1 ,mr4 ,pierce will occupy the ,picton pulpit in the morning by request of the pastor4 #be4 ,both testified that the evil effect is not alone seen in the motor races4 #bf4 ,the committee acted last night with the relentless persistency of a steam roller and crushed out the athletic activities of two men who were members of the last ,olympic team without compunction4 #bg4 ,mrs4 ,dickenson expects soon to entertain a company of ladies at luncheon and another dinner party will be given4 #bh4 ,mr4 ,hailey1 wife1 daughter ,miss ,ida1 and son ,will accompanied by ,mrs4 ,rose ,hailey and ,master ,adran1 motored to ,springfield last ,saturday and spent the day on business and visiting relatives1 averaging eighteen miles an hour4 #bi4 ,the young man was taken to ,menasha for treatment and his injury is not expected to prove serious4 #cj4 ,wesley ,owen got mixed up with his horse ,monday and carries a bad gash in his head where he kicked him1 the calk of the shoe going through his hat and making a hole in the band4 ,he was being curried when he reared and kicked ,wesley4 ,his two outside fingers on his hand were struck and badly injured4 ,it was lucky for him he was not more seriously injured4 ,as it was1 he was knocked senseless and had to be helped to the house4 ,lucky for him1 the horse reared right up and came down on him4 ,f4 ,rewrite the following sentences in any way that will improve their coherence 7mainly paragraphs #afc-afd73 #a4 ,some hail fell ,sunday evening1 but fortunately there was but little wind1 besides the hail was not very solid and not very large so that the corn and other growing crops suffered but little1 and fortunately there is but very little tobacco growing in the path of this storm1 and which fortunately did not extend over a very wide territory1 possibly not over a mile in width4 #b4 ,things are very quiet to-day4 ,the justice courts are without criminal matters1 and likewise the undertakers report no deaths4 #c4 ,some large steamers operate upon its course1 carrying freight1 passengers1 and other commodities4 #d4 ,nicholas ,jenkins1 a retired capitalist1 was among the killed4 ,william ,essex1 president of the city railway1 is still missing1 and several stores were wrecked by the high winds preceding the rain1 but it is thought that the benefits of the heavy rain will more than offset all losses4 #e4 ,simon ,beck sawed wood last ,thursday4 ,charlie ,bishop did the work4 #f4 ,with our nose always to the ground for improvements going on in our part of the city1 we are awarded this time with the beautiful and attractive appearing front of the new moving picture theater4 ,namely1 a row of incandescent lights hanging in a straight line above the entrance4 #g4 ,in the interests of the picture ,mr4 ,cummings risks life and limb with careless disregard of his own safety4 ,to be seen on the ,central ,plaza ,thursday4 #h4 ,this is a picturization of the famous novel and play and appeals to all classes4 ,a gripping story all the way through and one that will set you thinking4 #i4 ,but even if he was possessed of quite remarkable golfing ability1 ,i do not think there would be much prospect of his attaining to the consistent brilliancy of ,vardon1 ,braid1 and ,taylor1 unless he was granted the opportunity of continually playing with these giants1 or men much of their caliber1 say like ,duncan and ,ray1 and nowadays the amateur has but few opportunities of taking part in games with these celebrities1 as they are so very fully occupied1 and in their quest for the almighty dollar have not the time for the friendly encounter4 #aj4 ,prof4 ,c4 ,o4 ,bishop was ,marshall's ,english teacher and he failed to pass the rhetoric tests getting only a grade of #fj4 #aa4 ,i believe that the greatest present menace to the ,american ,indian is whiskey4 ,it does more to destroy his constitution and invite the ravages of disease than anything else4 ,it does more to demoralize him as a man and frequently as a woman4 #ab4 ,the house was beautifully decorated in red and white hearts extending from the centers of the rooms in each direction1 and in the arch to the dining-room were two large hearts1 pierced by an arrow containing the words ,two hearts that beat as one1 where after several games were played1 ,miss ,baker was seated and showered with rice from a funnel1 concealed back of the hearts above1 and also showered with more than fifty presents each containing a verse1 which caused much merriment1 after which the guests proceeded to the dining-room1 where the color scheme was also carried out1 hearts being extended from a large wedding bell which hung in the center of the room and the table was decorated in red and white roses4 #ac4 ,appleton people will be interested to read the subjoined article from the ,grand ,rapids ,leader1 referring to people formerly residents of this city1 ,a4 ,c4 ,bennett and his son1 ,arthur1 who used to live on ,lawrence ,street between ,oneida and ,morrison streets a generation or more ago1 and ,rev4 ,h4 ,c4 ,logan received his education at ,lawrence ,college4 #ad4 ,there is a girl1 one of the longest drivers ,i have ever seen1 and ,i have seen all the best women golfers play1 and though she has a distance of #bej yards or so to her credit1 she is not one of the good drivers1 because at the next hole she is more than likely to send the ball in a semicircle1 getting into some hazard belonging to another hole4 #ae4 ,in so far as this war is concerned1 the capture of the ,kiel canal is almost as important1 if not even more so1 to ,england as it is to ,france4 #af4 ,it is also asserted that1 as ,germany may ask further financial assistance from this country before long1 which1 naturally1 she would be unable to procure in case of a break with us1 and as ,great ,britain undoubtedly needs such assistance1 and1 through ,american financiers1 is even1 now procuring it1 as ,germany has also done1 although in a much more limited way1 hence the race by these powerful belligerents for ,american favor4 #ag4 ,henry ,fleming is being detained at his home this week4 ,a new stone hitching post has been set in front of the ,fleming residence on ,east ,street4 ,g4 ,the following sentences lack emphasis4 ,explain why and improve the emphasis in each4 7,paragraphs #afe-afh47 #a4 ,as we go to press1 the news comes to us that ,doc ,pasley of southeast of town was instantly killed yesterday afternoon by a tree falling on him4 ,as we are unable to learn any of the particulars about it1 we are forced to leave it out this week4 #b4 ,william ,abel1 who was convicted last month of the murder of ,thomas ,kane1 #ab years old1 was refused a new trial by ,judge ,ormerod1 who inflicted the death sentence to be hanged4 #c4 ,this is her third visit to ,shawano and she spoke of our beautiful surroundings1 especially the large forest trees left by the early settlers for shade trees and she spoke in praise of them for their foresight in leaving the large pine trees and oaks standing4 #d4 ,when a team in a tournament contest can trim an opponent #gg to #bf1 it shows that one team is unusually strong1 or that the other is very1 very much inferior4 #e4 ,one of ,e4 ,w4 ,bishop's fine calves was found violently ill ,monday evening4 ,in its stomach was found a considerable amount of the poisonous variety of mushrooms1 the stomach showing much information4 #f4 ,eggs of the species1 like those of all its immediate relatives1 are laid in water and never in deep water4 #g4 ,after the usual eats which received their due share of attention1 numerous toasts were responded to4 #h4 ,billy ,sunday and ,dr4 ,francis ,clark1 the latter the founder of the ,christian ,endeavor ,league1 will be unable to attend1 both being ill at the present time4 #i4 ,warren is one of the finest little cities ,i know of and my travels take me through the best cities in four states1 but indifference toward the appearance of the city such as is evidenced by the posting of circus ads over an entire side of a city building1 such as has been done on the building opposite the city courthouse1 ,i fear would soon cause the traveling public to change its mind regarding this beautiful little city4 #aj4 ,much indignation has been aroused throughout this parish on account of the fatal stabbing of ,joseph ,mier1 a young man and the son of a prominent planter1 which occurred just before dawn ,sunday morning as a public ball was ending1 some miles from this place4 #aa4 ,a letter from the ,james ,b4 ,clow and ,sons ,company1 ,chicago1 received by the city commission quotes prices on bubbler fountains such as it is planned to install at the corner of ,college ,avenue and ,oneida ,street4 #ab4 ,wilbur ,grant and ,jack ,faville left the city this morning to attend the ,world's ,convention of the ,christian ,endeavor ,society1 which is to be held in ,chicago4 #ac4 ,while driving from ,barre ,sunday afternoon a tire went down on the car of ,burt ,smith causing the machine to slide around a little but after putting on a new tire he was able to continue home4 ,the report was started that one wheel was broken but such developed to be erroneous4 #ad4 ,do you know that if you attend the song service and ,christian cantata given ,sunday evening by the choir at the ,first ,methodist ,church1 you will find a pleasure in spending ,sunday evening in a way that will give satisfaction that comes from the feeling that you attended an entertainment and have been at services on the ,sabbath day8 #ae4 ,louisiana never does things by halves4 ,it was the unanimous consensus of opinion of all that our chest of silver presented to ,mrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,thomson was only surpassed by the ,congressional diamond necklace4 #af4 ,she is well educated1 and speaks1 besides ,chinese and ,english1 the languages of ,germany and ,france4 #ag4 ,miss ,kathryn ,stinson1 a lady aviatrix1 will fly from ,grant ,park to the ball park1 and just before the battle starts ,manager ,tinker will be presented with a watch and chain4 #ah4 ,the recent tornado wrought havoc with the ,newton church1 tearing off a considerable section of the roof1 rafters and all1 and throwing the west end gable down upon the pulpit and nearby furniture of the interior4 ,the belfry was demolished1 and the bell thrown into the yard4 ,the house is otherwise in a fairly good condition4 #ai4 ,a fine and costs of #g4ej was paid in police court yesterday afternoon for ,charles ,mc,cormick1 who was charged by the police with creating an improper disturbance at the ,sherwood buffet4 #bj4 ,others of world-wide repute will appear1 and delegates and noted people from all over the world are arriving and have already arrived in the city4 #ba4 ,an article appeared in last week's paper stating a baby boy was born to ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,c4 ,m4 ,david1 which is incorrect1 and ,mrs4 ,david wishes it published that it is not true4 ,it must have been a joke or mistake4 #bb4 ,committees of the passengers in general1 and separate committees of clergymen1 students1 and newspaper men have been organized to confer with similar committees in the neutral nations1 when the ship arrives1 on the question of peace4 #bc4 ,the place where the body of ,howe was found is the most convenient location for a body killed elsewhere and removed from another place to the lonesome spot where it was found4 #bd4 ,the chimney still stands1 although many bricks have been loosened by the heat1 and fallen to the earth below4 #be4 ,john ,fouts of ,olena surprised his friends last ,friday evening by bringing home a new bride4 ,in honor of the occasion he served an oyster stew to quite a little gathering of friends4 #bf4 ,he has two of the prettiest homes in our beautiful city for sale4 ,home ,no4 #a is located on ,beach ,drive on our beautiful water front1 where you can sit on the front porch and watch the beautiful waves4 ,it has a lot #gc by #aej feet1 the bungalow has eight rooms and is a two-story house1 with bath and toilet on each floor1 a beautiful flower garden plan1 roses1 royal palms1 rubber trees1 etc4 ,house ,no4 #b is located at ,no4 #fj ,fifth ,avenue1 north1 a beautiful location4 ,the house is furnished up beautifully inside and has a beautiful yard4 #bg4 ,the bride is a pleasing young woman well known in ,beardstown's social set1 and enjoys the acquaintance of everyone who knows her4 #bh4 ,she climbed up on the bed and tucked her feet under her1 and the thoughtful forefinger began to slowly trace the pattern on the bedspread1 while ,jane ,rowland studied her with speculative spectacles4 #bi4 ,passengers are forbidden to stand on the front platform and will not be allowed to stand on the rear platform4 ,h4 ,the following sentences are unemphatic because of their crude or affected phraseology4 ,rewrite each so that it shall be good4 #a4 ,he leaves nine children1 eight of whom are honored and respected citizens of this state1 and the other lives in ,missouri4 #b4 ,pan with his shepherd pipes1 ,jupiter with his thunderbolts1 ,apollo with his harp1 and the songstress1 ,sappho1 appeared in spirit with the ,minneapolis ,symphony ,orchestra1 which returned to ,evansville ,monday afternoon and night on its annual tour4 ,the whispering winds of the reed section1 the passionate love pleadings of the cellos1 mixed with the blatant fury of the trumpets1 the rumble and thunder of the kettle drums1 and instruments portraying all the varying moods of nature1 presented the whole category of human emotions4 #c4 ,she has a wonderful voice1 full1 round1 and velvety1 with a mature richness and at the same time the vibrant joyousness of youth4 ,while her spring songs bring veritable visions of apple blossoms and the songs of birds1 she can express with equal perfection the tragedy of grief4 #d4 ,processionals of lovely matrons1 trailing draperies of brilliantly hued velvets1 brocades and satins1 drifts of adorable girls1 their exquisite slimness enveloped in misty clouds of tulle or clinging lengths of accordion plaited taffetas2 platoons of the brave and the gallant1 the handsome and the gay of ,peoria's golden youth1 and substantial business men1 in the correctest of evening garb1 lent to the ,jefferson ,hotel a stunningly pictorial effect last night when the first ,assembly ball of the season took place at that popular hostelry4 #e4 ,away1 away on the pinions of the wind flew the car1 the speed being dexterously regulated according to the grade and curvature of the road4 ,many birds1 traveling at their best speed1 were easily overtaken and left far in the rear2 horse conveyances going at a gallop appeared to be standing still2 farm houses looked like hen-coops1 and ,eholt resembled a chicken ranch4 ,for speed1 ,mazeppa's ride was far outclassed4 ,it was a memorable trip to those in the car1 but everyone had implicit confidence in the chauffeur and there were no white feathers visible4 #f4 ,his heart is of gold1 pure #ad-;carat gold1 all wool and a yard wide4 #g4 ,throughout the entire visit of the society members the prison band1 stationed in the balcony over the prison entrance1 dispersed sweet music4 #h4 ,fortunate1 indeed1 are the golfers of ,elgin and vicinity1 in having for their very own such a lovely and delightful spot as the ,wing ,park ,golf course1 where soft1 sweet winds are blended with the greens below and the blue above--where the sturdy oak reaches out cool1 shadowy arms to caress the tired golfer--where the last rays of the setting sun love to linger on the golf balls--where in fact all nature appears to unite into one grand combination to give the golfer a good time4 #i4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,s4 ,f4 ,shattuck are entertaining a number of their lady and gentlemen friends at a boat ride in their launch ,dion this afternoon4 #aj4 ,miss ,muriel ,kay1 pianist1 manipulated not only the keys of the instrument1 but also the heart-strings of the audience4 #aa4 ,the ,merry ,matrons' club was hostess at the home of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,j4 ,e4 ,tiger to a number of friends1 as well as the husbands of the members of the club4 #ab4 ,she is a dainty slip of a girl1 with pretty1 graceful presence4 ,she resembles a canary bird just poised for flight as she faces her audience1 golden haired and singing without the least effort1 her high tones clear and true1 trilling the bird notes and enthralling the guests4 ,she is the best soprano ever heard in the ,birchwood ,club4 #ac4 ,in the fullness of time 7according to the laws of human nature1 which draws into a juxtaposition all who would really enjoy the beauty of life7 has been revealed a long looked for and also a long hoped for event4 ,by an act of providence there has been provided two existences1 two lives1 two individualities in two different families in the immediate surroundings of this community4 ,these two existences1 which had heretofore traveled the pathway of life1 each moving on in an independent course1 passing through the various experiences of life and never once dreaming of what the end would really be1 had emerged upon the common but ever blessed pathway of life to blend together into a single union the thought and intents of each other's hearts1 wills1 and affections1 and thence plunge into the great land of utility4 ,we are only too willing to admit that the contracting parties took to heart the words1 ,it is not good that the man should be alone1 because last ,thursday evening at #h o'clock ,mr4 ,oliver ,keefer and ,miss ,myrtle ,bowker amalgamated their earthly career into one harmonious entity when they stood before the marriage altar and agreed to the words which bound the twain as one4 #ad4 ,mrs4 ,maxwell of ,sycamore visited her daughter1 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,w4 ,smith1 last week4 ,mrs4 ,smith ran a nail in her foot1 ,mr4 ,smith cut his eyeball with a piece of steel1 and their son1 ,horace1 broke his arm4 #ae4 ,bishop ,cadman1 of the diocese of ,maine1 surprised the congregation at ,st4 ,matthias's ,episcopal church last ,sunday4 ,the ,bishop preached a fine sermon4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,a4 ,distinguish the meanings of the words in the following groups3 #a4 ,abscond1 avoid1 decamp1 elude1 escape1 evade4 #b4 ,accident1 calamity1 casualty1 disaster1 mishap1 misfortune4 #c4 ,acquire1 gain1 get1 obtain1 procure1 secure4 #d4 ,affect1 effect1 influence4 #e4 ,aggravate1 annoy1 tease1 worry4 #f4 ,antagonize1 fight1 hinder1 oppose1 resist1 restrain1 thwart4 #g4 ,apparent1 clear1 evident1 obvious1 plain4 #h4 ,apt1 liable1 likely4 #i4 ,assassinate1 dispatch1 execute1 kill1 mob1 murder1 slay4 #aj4 ,assert1 claim1 declare1 maintain1 state4 #aa4 ,bearing1 behavior1 conduct1 demeanor1 deportment4 #ab4 ,blaze1 conflagration1 fire1 flame1 holocaust4 #ac4 ,board1 register1 stay1 stop4 #ad4 ,burglar1 footpad1 highwayman1 marauder1 plunderer1 robber1 thief4 #ae4 ,calculate1 expect1 presume1 reckon1 suppose1 think4 #af4 ,celebrated1 eminent1 distinguished1 famous1 noted1 notorious1 renowned4 #ag4 ,compel1 constrain1 force1 urge4 #ah4 ,crime1 delinquency1 felony1 guilt1 misdemeanor1 offense1 sin1 trespass1 vice4 #ai4 ,cyclone1 gale1 hurricane1 rain1 storm1 tempest1 tornado4 #bj4 ,dangerous1 deadly1 deathly1 murderous4 #ba4 ,distracted1 excited1 feverish1 frantic1 hysterical1 raging1 wild4 #bb4 ,dwelling1 home1 house1 residence4 #bc4 ,educated1 informed1 learned1 posted4 #bd4 ,healthful1 healthy1 nutritious1 sanitary1 wholesome4 #be4 ,party1 people1 person1 race1 tribe4 ,b4 ,give equivalents for the following phrases3 acid test along the line of any way1 shape1 or form appeared on the scene beggars description bids fair to become blushing bride brute force burning issue checkered career cool as a cucumber contracting parties crisp dollar bill crying need dark horse dastardly deed delicious refreshments departed this life devouring element doing as well as can be expected dull thud elegantly gowned entertained lavishly fatal noose few well-chosen words first number on the program floral offering foregone conclusion fought like a tiger gala attire goes without saying hard-earned coin head over heels hotly contested hurled into eternity incontrovertible fact large and enthusiastic audience last sad rites last but not least led to the hymeneal altar madly in love marriage was consummated mooted question much interest was manifested one of the most unique popular citizen present incumbent presided at the punch bowl psychological moment put in his appearance received an ovation red-letter day sea of upturned faces select few signified his intention small but appreciative crowd steeled his nerve stern reality talented authoress the present day and generation this broad land of ours this world's goods took things into his own hands tripped the light fantastic typical ,westerner under existing conditions ,c4 ,correct the following3 #a4 ,by his skill as a surgeon he carved out for himself a place and name such as only real human service can claim or is ever likely to attain4 #b4 ,borne on the shoulders of six fat policemen1 the body of ,patrolman ,ferdinand ,traudt1 drowned in lower ,nemahbin lake1 was carried to ,cavalry cemetery on ,saturday1 escorted by a platoon of twenty-six policemen in charge of ,sergeant ,edward ,solverson4 #c4 ,jim ,allen and ,silas ,watson were connected with the town water main ,saturday4 #d4 ,a man adapted to the use of the cigarette is immediately noticed by his nervous actions and his shallow complexion4 #e4 ,elizabeth ,dickerson and ,maud ,moore have gone east for the heated epoch1 and are missing some elegant weather hereabouts4 #f4 ,another ,chicagoan fell victim of petromortis yesterday when ,a4 ,w4 ,simpson1 a mechanician in a fashionable garage at #eef ,sheridan ,road1 fell unconscious in a limousine4 #g4 ,edward ,mc,donald broke through the screen door4 ,his sleeves were rolled up and he singed both arms4 #h4 ,a merchants' protective association1 comprising the several towns of this and adjoining counties1 it seems1 could be profitably organized with an object in view of detecting and locating the numerous thieves now permeating the country4 #i4 ,gideon did not select those who laid aside their arms and threw themselves down to drink2 he took those who watched with one eye and drank with the other4 #aj4 ,his voice is a pure baritone and the vocal organs of ,mr4 ,black must be of exquisite formation as he has resources in singing which command the study of the expert who has to hear all exponents and reject most of them4 ,for softness and power1 whisper and swell of tone1 ,mr4 ,black possesses resources of exceptional value4 #aa4 ,with her gift of song she beautifies church1 home1 charity1 and society4 #ab4 ,she was taking her folks out riding near ,logansport and on going down the ,davis ,hill she accidentally put her foot on the exhilarater instead of the brake4 #ac4 ,a novel feature was a shaving contest among the employees of the company4 ,those entered came to the picnic enshrouded with a hirsute appendage of three days' growth1 and supplied with a razor and shaving cup4 ,at a given time the unshaved began to remove the capillary adornment and after the appliance of styptics the winner was recognized by his friends4 #ad4 ,after an hour spent in its inspection1 they were taken back to the ,insane ,asylum and were made to feel perfectly at home4 #ae4 ,like his predecessors at the convention1 he proved a strong1 virulent1 and entertaining speaker4 #af4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,christensen1 with vocal solos1 and ,nora and ,mabel ,peterson1 with instrumental selections1 entertained the high school and seventh and eighth grades very pleasantly last ,friday afternoon4 ,the music was followed by an indignation meeting4 #ag4 ,the fried chicken1 new potatoes1 sweet peas1 strawberries1 cottage cheese1 and other vegetables1 and practically everything served at the dinner was raised on the place4 #ah4 ,unable to give bonds in the sum of #ajj each1 ,mesdames ,mc,carroll and ,caslin1 of ,ponchautoula1 charged with forgery1 were incarcerated in the parish prison here yesterday to await the action of the grand jury1 which convenes soon4 #ai4 ,three men1 ,ed ,oliver and ,fred and ,bertrand ,logan1 met with quite a mishap recently when the boat in which they were sailing at ,lower ,bend capsized and they were drowned4 #bj4 ,j4 ,c4 ,clausen still survives his terrible shot given wound and it is believed will ultimately recover1 although he was more mortally wounded than reported by this paper last week4 #ba4 ,the bullet was apparently fired during the celebration but the author of the act was not discovered4 #bb4 ,j4 ,w4 ,hiner of the ,chicago bar delivered an address last week at ,berlin1 ,germany1 before the ,englische ,sprachvereinigung im ,deutschnationalen ,handlungsgehilfen ,verband1 a ,german society4 #bc4 ,an unknown man standing on the corner of ,elm and ,superior streets was hit by a rocket which went between his legs and becoming entangled in his overcoat exploded up his back4 ,he immediately departed for parts unknown4 #bd4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,wilbur ,liddicoat of this village are the proud and happy parents of a pair of twins1 born ,july #ag4 #be4 ,especially does the man of discriminating taste appreciate them when he compares them to the mass of cheap collars that the ,american manufacturers have fostered on the country4 #bf4 ,a cow was caught in the sudden rush of water and drowned4 ,other animals of a herd had to fly for the hills4 #bg4 ,all then repaired to the dining-room1 where the eye was not only pleased with the artistic decorations of blue and white1 and pink and white carnations1 but the inner man was satisfied with meats1 viands1 delicatessens1 etc4 #bh4 ,harry ,l4 ,gill was born in ,toronto1 ,canada1 and is still a native of that country4 #bi4 ,mrs4 ,heap wore a stunning gown of emerald green satin with the bodice combined with lace4 ,mrs4 ,tom ,clayton wore a stunning gown of pink satin with a beaded tunic of purple chiffon4 ,other stunning costumes were worn by ,mrs4 ,alexander ,britton1 who was in purple velvet with lace and brilliants2 ,miss ,catherine ,britton1 scarlet chiffon4 ,miss ,mary ,green wore a lovely gown of blue charmeuse and chiffon with bands of skunk4 #cj4 ,i was surprised to learn on making a round of the motorcycle factories that the motorcycle engineers have produced machines to meet the needs of men and women1 too1 for that matter1 in every walk of life4 #ca4 ,he has the face of a cherubim4 #cb4 ,he was a tall man1 looking even taller by reason of the long1 formless overcoat he wore1 known as a duster1 and by a long straight beard that depended from his chin1 which he combed with two reflective fingers as he contemplated the editor4 #cc4 ,how can we expect woman1 a member of the weaker race1 to work ten hours a day and still retain her health8 #cd4 ,thomas ,o4 ,allen1 present ,minneapolis lumberman and captain of the ,yale eleven in #aije1 who has been summoned to ,new ,haven as a football ,moses to lead the ,elis into some new bull rushes1 passed through ,chicago yesterday on his way east4 #ce4 ,these exercises are said to be less striving and to have more pleasure for all contestants4 #cf4 ,the attachs of the ,united ,states ,weather bureau here say that while the precipitation has been unusually heavy1 the present storm and that predicted to follow it are but the usual rainy season rainfalls1 for which there is no freak or extraordinary explanation4 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,a4 ,number #a below is a copy of a speech delivered by ,george ,ade last night at a dinner in honor of ,mr4 ,brand ,whitlock1 ,united ,states minister to ,belgium4 ,number #b is a ,new ,york dispatch about the dinner4 ,write up the story for an ,indianapolis morning paper on which you are working4 ,george ,ade's home is in ,indiana4 #a4 ,if you will go over the list of young men who wrote for ,chicago newspapers twenty-five years ago you will be convinced that the newspaper business is the greatest business in the world for getting out of4 ,let us go away back to #ahij4 ,also let us go back to ,chicago4 ,i hope ,i am not asking too much4 ,about twenty-five years ago in the ,middle ,west there was a restless movement toward the newspaper office4 ,nearly every young man who could no longer board at home decided to enter journalism4 ,chicago called him4 ,chicago is the home of opportunity--and other things4 ,the young man who wishes to be a book agent must have a prospectus4 ,any solicitor must own a set of application blanks4 ,the burglar needs a jimmy4 ,but the journalist requires only a collection of adjectives4 ,so ,i repeat that about #ahij all the by-roads led to ,chicago and all the young men who abhorred farm work were arranging to be editors4 ,the period to which ,i refer was to ,chicago what the ,elizabethan period was to ,english letters4 ,joseph ,medill and ,wilbur ,f4 ,storey were just rounding their interesting careers4 ,george ,harvey was flashing across our local horizon on his way to ,new ,york4 ,m4 ,e4 ,stone was hacking out of one newspaper office in order to assume general supervision of all the newspapers in the world4 ,vance ,thompson wrote for an evening paper4 ,opie ,read was up and down the street1 working as little as possible4 ,william ,elroy ,curtis had just served a term as society editor of the ,inter ,ocean4 ,paul ,potter was tied to an editorial desk1 but already he had heard the call of the stage and was getting ready to write ,trilby4 ,will ,payne1 ,kennett ,harris1 ,ray ,stannard ,baker1 ,forrest ,crissy1 ,emerson ,hough1 and other contributors to the five- and ten-cent beacons of the present day were humbly contributing to the daily press4 ,ben ,king was writing his quiet verse and peddling it around4 ,eugene ,field had come on from ,kansas ,city and was trying to weave ,culture's ,garland1 in spite of the fact that the high wind constantly disarranged his material4 ,julian ,street was still operating as an amateur1 while ,henry ,hutt and the ,leyendecker boy and ,pennrhyn ,stanlaws and other illustrators who have brought the show girl into the home life of ,america were students at the ,art ,institute1 over on the lake front4 ,do you recognize some of the names8 ,most of them are now typical ,new ,yorkers--born west of ,kalamazoo4 ,it was in #ahij that ,john ,t4 ,mc,cutcheon came up from ,indiana and broke into the old ,news office4 ,perhaps you know that later on he became the ,thomas ,nast of the corn belt--one of the few cartoonists with a really definite influence and a loyal following4 ,tom ,powers was just beginning to draw his comics4 ,shortly before ,melville ,stone escaped from bondage he received a call at his office from a talented young woman who acted on the stage4 ,i am not repeating any ancient scandal4 ,i am simply telling you the facts4 ,the young actress showed the great editor some verses which had been dedicated to her by a lad living on the ,west ,side4 ,mr4 ,stone sent for the young man and put him to work1 and the next morning he knew the young man had written ,robin ,hood1 and since then he has written most of the plays with music presented anywhere in ,america4 ,you must have seen the name of ,harry ,b4 ,smith on the billboards4 ,a young person with very red hair did general hustling on the ,inter ,ocean for a short time and then disappeared4 ,years later he bobbed up in congress as a member from ,kansas and began to shout defiance at ,uncle ,joe ,cannon4 ,the young person's name was ,victor ,murdock4 ,it was during this same golden age that an overgrown and diffident young man came from an obscure town in ,illinois and was given a tryout on the ,tribune4 ,he was steady and industrious and ever willing1 and they set him to do hotel reporting4 ,he was a failure as a hotel reporter1 because the young men employed by the ,herald and ,times secured interviews every day with interesting visitors whom he was never able to find4 ,he could not find them because those interesting persons did not exist4 ,they were created by the enterprising young men of the ,times and ,herald who were working in combination against the ,tribune4 ,each morning the ,herald and ,times would have a throbbing story told by some traveler who had shot big game in ,india1 or penetrated the frozen north1 or visited the interior of ,tibet1 or observed the habits of the kangaroo in ,australia4 ,the visitor who told the wondrous tales of adventure invariably left in the afternoon for ,new ,york1 but his name was on the hotel register as a corroborative detail intended to give verisimilitude to an otherwise bald and unconvincing narrative4 ,perhaps ,i should explain that the hotel clerk was a party to the conspiracy4 ,every day the ,tribune young man was rebuked because he had been scooped by the ,times and the ,herald4 ,he ran from hotel to hotel1 frantically eager to do his duty1 but he never could find the ,african explorer and the titled ,european and the ,north ,sea adventurer who told their breathless tales day after day in the columns of the rival papers4 ,so the ,tribune young man was taken off hotels and put on finance4 ,after that he was not scooped4 ,he came to know ,lyman ,j4 ,gage and moved on to ,new ,york via ,washington4 ,to-day the poor young man who failed as a hotel reporter because he lacked the gift of imaginative fiction is president of the ,national ,city ,bank of ,new ,york4 ,perhaps you have heard of him4 ,his name is ,frank ,vanderlip4 ,now let us inquire as to the designing scribblers who caused him to lose his job4 ,the ,times man is here in ,new ,york as first aid to the tired business man4 ,the next time you visit ,chin ,chin or the ,hippodrome you will notice the name of ,charles ,b4 ,dillingham on the program4 ,as for the ,herald young man1 you must know something about him if you have read ,mr4 ,dooley4 ,it was about #ahij that the sprightly organization known as the ,whitechapel ,club came into existence in ,chicago4 ,moses ,p4 ,handy was an adopted son of the same period4 ,he had come on from ,philadelphia and was trying to introduce the custom of wearing evening clothes in the evening4 ,chicago had started to build the ,columbian ,exposition and was trying hard to prove that a provincial city could be cosmopolitan while company was present4 ,thus many influences worked together to make ,chicago a rather interesting preparatory school in #ahij4 ,if you will go over the list of young men who wrote for ,chicago newspapers twenty-five years ago you will be convinced that the newspaper business is the greatest business in the world for getting out of4 ,let us here resolve to treat the reporter kindly1 because in a few years we may be working for him4 ,of all that untried host standing in line to receive assignments1 ,i don't suppose any one man was a greater disappointment to prophets than ,brand ,whitlock4 ,when he came up from a freshwater college in ,ohio and quietly attached himself to the ,herald staff he attracted attention almost immediately as a humorist4 ,he specialized on ,josh stuff4 ,he wrote bantering1 fantastic1 mock-serious stories of the kind that were standardized by ,mr4 ,dana's young men4 ,he was a star reporter1 pulling down his thirty-five per2 but any first-class horoscoper would have allowed that ,whitlock was destined to contribute to ,puck and ,judge1 and probably attempt the libretto of a comic opera4 ,he legged it on the newspaper for a while and then re-deserted1 the same as most of the others1 and went to ,springfield to resume his studies4 ,this was his first erratic move4 ,if he had been a true journalist there wouldn't have been anything more for him to learn4 ,then he published ,the ,thirteenth ,district4 ,many of his old friends bought it expecting to get something on the order of refined vaudeville1 but found1 instead1 a true and tragic story of cheap ambitions4 ,well1 we watched him as mayor of ,toledo1 and we have been telling everybody for the last year and a half that we did assignments together and are members of the same college fraternity and wouldn't be afraid to go right up and speak to him anywhere4 ,to that scattered colony of twenty-five years ago ,i bring the assurance that we are proud of ,brand ,whitlock and are glad to call him our friend4 #b4 ,brand ,whitlock1 ,american minister to ,belgium1 was the principal guest at a private banquet given by the ,lotos ,club at its home1 #aaj ,west ,fifty-seventh ,street1 last night4 ,it was described by a prominent member of the club as a banquet that was not attended by any man prominent in politics1 but one that was intended to do honor to ,mr4 ,whitlock and to drink a little wine and to eat a little breast of guinea4 ,politics and newspaper reporters were barred1 and ,whitlock in his address made no reference to the ,european war or to the situation in ,belgium4 ,american ,ideals was the subject of the address1 and he referred to the inscription on ,washington ,arch1 in ,washington ,square1 which says1 ,let us here erect a standard to which all the wise and honest may repair4 ,that is a sentence of which ,i like to think1 ,mr4 ,whitlock said4 ,it is a standard which to be effective must be erected in the life of each citizen1 and no one can erect it there but himself4 ,in no citizen did it ever attain such beautiful and symmetrical proportions as in the life of ,lincoln4 ,once in a foreign city ,i happened to pick up a penny in the street4 ,it was one of those that bear ,lincoln's head4 ,looking at it and thinking of its implications1 the thought of home and all that it brought up1 the thought of all the hands through which it had passed--hands of workmen1 the hands of little children1 the hands of beggars1 even2 hard hands and gnarled hands and honest hands1 the hands of mine own people--it seemed to me to have been made precious by the patina of democracy1 and ,i thought that nothing could have been more beautiful and significant than that ,lincoln's noble head should have been engraved on our smallest coin1 a token of our universal daily need in hands that humbly break the bread their toil has earned4 ,that head to me somewhat palpably wore the people's love like purple bays--the love of all those common people whom he so wisely loved and bore in sorrow in his mighty heart4 ,in him1 as ,i have tried to say1 the ,american ideal was most perfectly exemplified1 and it was exemplified in him because after the illusions of life had gone he retained his ideals and his faith in them4 ,it was thus exemplified in him because in addition to his wisdom1 his gentleness1 his patience1 his hope1 and his faith1 he had that other great ,american quality of humor1 which saved him in every situation1 and by ,american humor ,i mean that instinctive sense of human values that enables one to see all things or most things in their proper relations1 and so becomes an integral part of the ,american ideal4 ,four hundred fifty members of the club and their friends were at the banquet4 ,at the table with ,whitlock were ,dr4 ,m4 ,woolsey ,stryker1 president of ,hamilton ,college2 ,m4 ,a4 ,van der ,vyede1 ,belgian ,minister of ,finance2 ,nathaniel ,c4 ,wright1 editor of the ,toledo ,blade2 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,leighton ,parks1 ,melville ,e4 ,stone1 ,george ,ade1 and ,hewitt ,h4 ,howland1 of ,indiana1 all of whom spoke4 ,mr4 ,whitlock was introduced by ,chester ,s4 ,lord1 vice president of the club1 who presided in the absence of ,president ,f4 ,r4 ,lawrence1 who was ill4 ,lord reviewed briefly some of the work of ,whitlock in ,belgium1 where he worked with a fidelity and a fairness and a supreme regard for the interests of humanity that have won for him the praise and the admiration of the entire world4 ,speaking to ,mr4 ,whitlock1 ,mr4 ,lord said3 ,the neutral nations esteem you and love you4 ,the belligerent nations admire and respect you4 ,no one could have addressed himself to this task with greater loyalty1 fidelity1 or patriotism4 ,b4 ,do you find the following story meritorious or blameworthy8 ,why8 ,,mrs4 ,,paltier ,,not ,,at ,,home ,mrs4 ,laura ,paltier1 who has just returned from ,florida1 was not at home to reporters yesterday4 ,they wanted to ask her several questions about the #bj1jjj exposition fund now in her charge4 ,a maid answered the doorbell at #dcef ,lake ,erie ,drive4 ,is ,mrs4 ,paltier at home8 ,who is it wants to see her8 ,the ,tribune4 ,the maid closed the door1 leaving the reporter on the porch4 ,five minutes later she returned4 ,mrs4 ,paltier is not at home4 ,i don't know where she is nor when she will return4 ,she closed the door4 ,the reporter went to a telephone4 ,is ,mrs4 ,paltier at home8 ,the maid's voice answered3 ,i will see4 ,for a minute two voices could be heard at the other end of the wire4 ,who is this1 please8 asked the maid4 ,upon learning the identity of the inquirer she said3 ,no1 ,mrs4 ,paltier is not at home4 ,about that time the reporter decided that ,mrs4 ,paltier was not eager to see him4 ,c4 ,special assignments1 such as reporting sermons1 local addresses1 commercial banquets1 etc41 may be taken as additional exercises for this chapter4 ,,chapter ,,xv ,a4 ,from the following details write for a ,new ,york morning paper a story of the death of ,tom ,hilton3 ,time and place of death1 yesterday at the ,new ,york hospital2 age1 #cf2 occupation1 sexton at ,christ ,church on ,west ,thirty-sixth ,street2 attending physician1 ,dr4 ,henry ,adair2 cause of death1 swallowing false teeth while at breakfast with his wife yesterday2 efforts to save him3 ,dr4 ,adair summoned immediately1 incision made in throat1 silver tube inserted to allow passage of air to the lungs1 and operation later at hospital4 ,patient failed to rally after operation4 ,survivors3 wife and two children4 ,b4 ,from the following details write for a ,chicago evening paper a story of the fire that destroyed the plant of the ,w4 ,m4 ,welch ,manufacturing ,company1 makers of college and preparatory school diplomas3 ,date1 to-day1 ,april #ai1 at #d3cj ,a4,m42 location1 #aeaf ,orleans ,street1 ,chicago2 cause of fire1 supposedly crossed wires on second floor where fire started2 loss #fj1jjj according to ,c4 ,m4 ,holmes1 ,jr41 manager of the scientific department2 persons injured1 one fireman slightly injured by falling glass2 institutions whose diplomas were destroyed1 ,george ,washington ,university1 ,grinnell ,college1 ,university of ,north ,dakota1 ,marquette ,university1 ,dakota ,wesleyan ,college2 lives endangered1 five firemen who were climbing a ladder on the rear wall when it fell2 insurance1 amount not obtainable4 ,c4 ,the following almost excellent news article has one grave weakness4 ,rewrite the story1 strengthening the weak points4 ,earl ,moisley was #ad years old4 ,he lived with his parents1 three brothers1 and a sister at #edag ,gale ,street4 ,he was in the eighth grade at the ,beaubien school and a promising pupil4 ,earl's grandmother gave him a lamb and he kept it in the basement4 ,one day last week the animal slipped through the open door after its master and went bleating into the schoolroom behind ,earl4 ,mary had a little lamb ,with fleece as white as snow4 ,some one in the back row chanted the foolish nursery rhyme4 ,earl was sent home with the lamb4 ,thereafter his life was made miserable4 ,gangs of his comrades followed him1 yelling in chorus the song of ,mary and ,little ,bo-,peep4 ,earl turned on one of his tormentors yesterday and blacked his eye4 ,his playmates say he was summoned before the principal of the school and suspended for fighting4 ,the boys assert they saw him marching sturdily home digging one grimy fist in his eye and muttering1 ,they'll be sorry1 all right4 ,about #e o'clock last evening ,earl's younger brother went into the basement4 ,he saw a pair of shoes sticking over the top of a little red wagon and ran upstairs4 ,mother1 he said1 there's a man in the cellar4 ,i saw his feet4 ,mrs4 ,moisley laid aside her washing and went downstairs with the younger son4 ,she then told her husband1 ,fred ,moisley1 an under janitor at the city hall4 ,moisley observed a piece of heavy twine tied to the water pipe4 ,he thought some man had committed suicide and ran outside for a policeman4 ,mrs4 ,moisley went near the stiff1 outthrust little shoes1 and saw they were those of a boy4 ,she bent over the figure and fainted4 ,it was ,earl4 ,the lamb lay asleep beside the body4 ,d4 ,correct in any way needful the following stories for a weekly paper3 #a4 ,susie1 the four-months-old daughter of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,alvin ,konick1 ,booneville1 died last night after a few days' illness4 ,she will be interred at the ,meadowland cemetery ,thursday4 ,susie had the whooping-cough4 #b4 ,mrs4 ,alice ,rice was born in ,jefferson county1 ,ga41 on ,aug4 #f1 #ahfd1 and passed quietly away last ,saturday1 making her age #ec years1 #aj months1 and #bg days4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,rice were married about #cb years4 ,one son1 ,samuel1 and husband1 ,adam1 survive her4 ,they moved to the ,houghton farm1 near ,adaville1 #ad years ago1 and were just intending to move to the ,white farm when death overtook ,mrs4 ,rice after an illness of #bb hours1 which was not considered serious until about #b hours before her death4 ,mrs4 ,rice had worked as busy as a bee all her years in ,adaville1 and when her beautiful spirit quitted this mundane vale of tears1 she was rewarded with the loving attendance and affection of all in the sorrowing neighborhood4 ,the funeral service was conducted ,monday afternoon at the sorrowing home by the ,rev4 ,r4 ,o4 ,tumlin4 ,the remains were interred at the ,camp ,meeting cemetery4 ,mrs4 ,rice died of heart trouble4 ,e4 ,get the local and state weather forecast and write for to-morrow morning's paper a story of to-day's weather and to-morrow's prospects4 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,a4 ,criticize and rewrite the following baseball story3 ,the scribe again has a sad story to relate concerning the ,sox1 inasmuch as the ,white ,hose have failed for the sixth straight time to win1 and unfortunately it must be admitted that they in every way deserved what they got4 ,in fact1 if ,manager ,callahan had taken their bats away from them after the first inning to-day and had buried them #bj1jjj leagues under the sea1 securely padlocked in ,davy ,jones' locker1 his men would have been compelled to accept a victory over ,detroit instead of handing themselves a sixth straight defeat after one of the cheesiest exhibitions of the national pastime ever seen outside the walls of a state institute for the mentally feeble4 ,the score was #e to #d1 and all five of ,detroit's runs were donated by the ,white ,sox1 a fact which seemed to rouse the subconscious generosity of the ,tigers to such a pitch that in the ninth inning it was all the ,callahan bunch could do to keep their opponents from forcing on them enough tallies to even matters up so that they could start over and let the best team win in extra innings4 ,that ninth round saw three ,detroit pitchers1 ,dame ,fortune1 ,herr ,billiken1 ,mr4 ,providence and all the gods of ,olympus conspiring to give the ,white ,sox the game which had been thrown away1 but the whole blamed bunch of good luck deities was foiled by a couple of ,white ,sox youngsters simply because ,callahan forgot to take their clubs away from them4 ,it would have been a joke that would have caused a laugh all through the corridors of time if the ,white ,sox had achieved a triumph with only one base hit1 but the fact remains it was their own fault they did not do so4 ,their only safe hit was made by ,ray ,demmitt1 the ,tiger discard1 who has not yet worn a ,sox uniform long enough to forget the first use for a baseball bat4 ,demmitt retains the impression that bats were made to get on with1 while the rest of ,callahan's bunch use them solely to get out with1 and that was the whole trouble in the last round4 ,the ,sox entered that spasm four runs behind1 having converted ,demmitt's lone hit in the first inning into the only genuine tally of the day4 ,hall1 who had enjoyed a breeze all the way at the expense of the ,sox1 suddenly was seized with a generous fit and started passing batsmen4 ,after he had filled the bases with only one man out ,manager ,jennings yanked the philanthropic hurler and sent ,dauss to the slab4 ,dauss was infected with the same ,andrew ,carnegie spirit and issued another pass1 forcing the ,sox to make a tally4 ,there was no pity in ,jennings' breast1 so he ordered ,dauss to the booby hatch for a spanking and sent ,coveleski to ladle out the pitch stuff4 ,the young southpaw was equally generous in intent and would surely have forced in enough runs to give the ,sox the game1 but two of the visitors absolutely refused to accept that kind of a gift and got out4 ,they were ,tom ,daly and ,ray ,schalk4 ,for a while it looked as if ,buck ,weaver would have to shoulder the blame for another defeat because he blew two runs over the pan by missing a cinch double play in the fourth inning4 ,but ,weaver had plenty of partners in crime before the thing was over4 ,harry ,lord and ,jack ,fournier joined him by helping to contribute three runs to the ,tiger total in the eighth4 ,lord's miscue was a boot of a ,cobb bounder in a tight place4 ,fournier's blunder did not appear in the error column4 ,jack simply sat down on the grass and watched a tall fly light near him in gleeful security4 ,by keeping his feet ,fournier should have caught said fly and saved the cost of ,lord's error to boot4 ,fournier was in the game in an effort to bolster up the offense1 not because he has anything as an outfielder on ,bodie1 whose place he took in the batting order1 but the switch did not work out just as planned4 ,fournier made no better use of his stick than the rest of the ,sox1 and gave way to ,daly1 who foiled the generous efforts of the ,tiger pitchers in the ninth4 ,it was a typical ,joe ,benz hard-luck game4 ,the ,indiana butcher boy pitched well enough to have won with any club in the league behind him1 but only once were his pals anything but dead weight around his neck4 ,in the sixth1 when the ,tigers made a determined attack1 ,weaver and ,schalk came to ,benz's assistance with a remarkable play1 which pinched ,cobb off second base and wrecked what looked like sure runs4 ,and it is no small honor to have caught the honorable ,tyrus napping in a pinch like that4444 ,b4 ,take as a special assignment a local football1 basketball1 or baseball game1 or some other athletic contest and report it for the following morning's paper4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,a4 ,write the story of the following for the society column in to-morrow morning's paper3 ,the parents of ,elizabeth ,wallace1 #bd1 announced her engagement to-day to ,parker ,maxwell4 ,miss ,wallace's father is president of the local ,first ,national ,bank and lives at #ahad ,prospect ,drive4 ,mr4 ,maxwell1 #ca1 is cashier of the ,first ,national4 ,mr4 ,maxwell and ,miss ,wallace have known each other from childhood4 ,b4 ,write the story of the following3 ,the details of ,elizabeth ,wallace's wedding 7see ,a7 two weeks from to-day have been made public4 ,she will be married at ,st4 ,bartholomew's ,church at #d o'clock in the afternoon4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,k4 ,tanner will perform the ceremony4 ,the bride will enter with her father4 ,howard ,prentice1 ,st4 ,louis1 a college chum of the bride-groom's1 will be best man4 ,alice ,wallace1 a younger sister of the bride1 will be maid of honor4 ,the bride will wear on the bodice of her wedding gown an old ,brussels lace worn by her mother at her wedding thirty years ago4 ,the predominating color scheme will be yellow4 ,there will be two flower girls1 ,jean ,thompson and ,helen ,orben1 cousins of the bride4 ,three hundred invitations have been issued4 ,a luncheon to the bridal party1 relations1 and a few intimate friends will be served at #a3cj4 ,c4 ,write for to-day's paper an account of the marriage yesterday of ,elizabeth ,wallace and ,parker ,maxwell 7,see ,a and ,b74 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,maxwell left immediately after the wedding ceremony for a trip through ,yellowstone ,park4 ,on their return next month they will live at #abjj ,east ,sixtieth ,street4 ,,chapter ,,xviii ,a4 ,rewrite for this afternoon's paper the two following stories appearing in rival publications this morning4 ,no additional details have been obtained4 ,,loses ,,money ,,betting ,two rough and hearty farmers struck up an acquaintance at a hotel last ,thursday4 ,one was ,john ,i4 ,williams of ,winthrop1 ,ia4 ,mr4 ,williams is now sojourning in the city waiting to see if the police can recover #b1ejj1 his savings1 which he bet on a horse race4 ,the other introduced himself as ,william ,shaw1 a farmer from near ,winnipeg4 ,the police are looking for him4 ,mr4 ,williams reported his loss and told of meeting ,shaw4 ,we were together all ,thursday afternoon and evening1 said he4 ,shaw introduced me to another young man1 who proposed the racing bets4 ,i have forgotten his name4 ,he placed a #a bet for me and ,i won #e4 ,he placed the #e and brought back #ae4 ,it was easy4 ,shaw and ,i agreed to put up #b1ejj apiece and let him bet it4 ,shaw put up checks1 but the young man didn't know me1 so ,i had to go back to ,walker1 ,ia41 and draw my #b1ejj4 ,on ,saturday we gave him the money and checks in a hallway at #hcj ,north ,state ,street4 ,we all shook hands and agreed to meet at #c o'clock at ,state ,street and ,chicago ,avenue and divide the winnings4 ,i waited more than an hour at the meeting place4 ,i think ,i've been swindled4 ,the police think so1 too4 ,,says ,,babies ,,boost ,,taxes ,the ,mills legislative committee which is studying taxation has discovered strange things in its two weeks' sojourn in ,new ,york ,city1 but it brought forth a real surprise yesterday in the person of ,prof4 ,joseph ,french ,johnson of ,new ,york ,university1 who disclosed himself as a disciple of the late ,thomas ,robert ,malthus1 proponent of the theory that there can never be a happy society because population tends to increase at a much faster rate than the old earth1 working overtime1 can provide food1 raiment1 and other things4 ,discussing yesterday the income tax1 ,prof4 ,johnson1 who appeared as chairman of the ,merchant's ,association committee on taxation1 said he wanted to nail the frequently expressed opinion that the exemption accorded to the married man should be greater than that which the bachelor enjoys4 ,since you are talking about exemptions1 he said1 ,i might add this3 ,i would not exempt the married man4 ,i would not give any preference to the married man over the bachelor4 ,i do not believe it is a good thing to encourage matrimony by lowering taxation4 ,on the contrary1 ,i would discourage matrimony by making the married man pay a higher tax4 ,i think we should not do anything to encourage matrimony and child-bearing4 ,surely you are not serious1 are you1 ,professor8 inquired ,senator ,boylan4 ,i certainly am serious4 ,i should have to give you quite a disquisition to explain my conclusions1 and ,i doubt if it would be practicable for you to consider the subject now4 ,and you would have to surrender to public opinion anyhow4 ,if you do put in force a new system of taxation you'll have to treat the married man easily4 ,i am still a confirmed disciple of ,malthus1 and ,i believe that the awful war in ,europe is being fought out because the human race has deliberately refused to see the lessons of his doctrines1 which were taught a hundred years ago4 ,prof4 ,johnson1 who in addition to being professor of economics at ,new ,york ,university is also dean of the school of finance1 explained after he had left the stand that he is not opposed to matrimony as an institution1 nor as a refuge from loneliness for those who can afford it4 ,he is himself a married man and has three children4 ,i believe in the ,malthusian theory1 he said4 ,just consider that man is the only animal whose natural increase is not regulated4 ,we regulate the increase in the number of cats and dogs and other domestic animals1 but we let human beings go on having children without any thought of the ability of society to take care of them4 ,i think we should regulate marriage and especially child-bearing4 ,in my opinion no married man ought to be allowed to have a child until he can convince some authority of his ability to provide properly for that child4 ,we want all the increase we can get in the good elements of population1 but we ought to keep down the 'riff-raff'--although you know as a matter of fact there is no human 'riff-raff'--yet we allow them to increase without any regulation4 ,as for those who are able to take care of themselves1 let them marry and have children4 ,the more the merrier4 ,b4 ,selection 7#a7 below is a bulletin received some hours after the news detailed in 7#b71 which appeared in a morning paper4 ,combine the bulletin with the morning story4 #a4 ,after confessing that he was the cause of his sweetheart1 ,emily ,benton's1 death1 ,alfred ,barker committed suicide at #f3jj ,a4,m4 to-day by throwing himself in front of a ,burlington express train near the town of ,ashworth4 ,in his pocket was found the following note3 ,dear ,folks3 ,god forgive me for causing my sweetheart's death4 ,i did not kill her4 ,we walked out there and sat down4 ,i tried to kiss her and she repulsed me4 ,i asked her if she did not want to be my sweetheart any more4 ,she wouldn't answer4 ,i took a hold of her waist1 pushed toward her1 and tried to love her4 ,she started to scream1 and ,i went completely out of my head4 ,she became quiet all of a sudden4 ,i thought ,i had hurt her and she was breathing heavily but was senseless4 ,i covered her up and don't remember what happened until ,i awoke to find myself lying along the road1 near ,naperville4 ,my mind came back4 ,i realized what ,i had done and ,i went over to the quarry and jumped in1 but could not sink4 ,then ,i went to ,aurora1 bought some chloroform1 and that night 7,sunday7 ,i came back and found my darling's body1 and ,i realized that she was really dead4 ,i laid down beside her and took chloroform1 but about #b3cj ,a4,m4 ,i woke up and the bottle had tipped over4 ,then ,i went to ,belmont and got a freight and rode to ,aurora1 where ,i got more chloroform4 ,i came back to ,dawson ,grove and went into the woods and saturated my handkerchief with chloroform1 thinking ,i would surely die4 ,but it failed to work also4 ,i could not live and know that my sweetheart ,emily was dead1 so ,i have resolved in a desperate way to end my life4 ,the girl died of heart failure or fright1 as ,i surely could not kill the one ,i thought the most of in the whole world4 ,i loved her more than words can tell and ,i would die for her and ,i will die for her4 ,i have been partly insane for the last two days4 ,forgive me and ,i pray to meet my sweetheart in heaven4 ,alfred4 ,this morning at #aj o'clock a jury impaneled by ,w4 ,v4 ,hopf1 ,ellis ,county coroner1 will assemble in ,dawson ,grove for an inquest into the two deaths4 ,at the same hour the funeral of the girl will be held from the house of the widowed mother she supported4 ,the funeral of ,barker will be at two o'clock to-morrow4 ,,girl ,,dead ,,in ,,mystery ,,case #b4 ,miss ,emily ,benton was found dead late yesterday in a patch of bushes on the outskirts of the village of ,dawson ,grove4 ,she had disappeared ,saturday evening in company with ,alfred ,barker1 a young man who had been paying her attention since childhood4 ,searching parties in the field since early ,sunday morning were joined last night by a sheriff's posse in the quest for ,barker4 ,barker is described as an athletic young man with a ,johnny ,evers jaw4 ,barker was about #e feet #aj inches tall and a blond4 ,barker and the girl were pals in the words of their relatives1 who only half guessed at times that perhaps the long friendship would become a match4 ,together the girl and ,barker often through the springtime took long walks at night--occasionally a matter of many miles--to the villages of ,hinman and ,nashville4 ,for several years the couple rode to ,chicago together to work every day on the same commuters' train and often returned home together at night4 ,while an alarm was sent out through all the surrounding towns for the apprehension of ,barker1 no charges have been made against him4 ,an autopsy held in secret by ,coroner ,hopf of ,ellis county was expected to reveal the cause of the girl's death4 ,alfred ,barker1 returning from his work at the general offices of the ,burlington ,railroad in ,chicago1 dropped off a train at the station in ,dawson ,grove on ,saturday afternoon at #e3ae o'clock4 ,he lingered about the station platform until the #f3cj train came in and met ,miss ,benton1 home from her day's work at the ,parisian ,fashion ,company in ,chicago4 ,together they walked to the girl's home and stood talking on the doorstep of the ,benton residence1 just as they had most every afternoon in the last seven years4 ,the mother says she overheard this conversation3 ,alfred4--,let's take in a show to-night4 ,emily4--,no1 but ,i'll be over to-night4 ,i want to see ,pauline4 ,the girl abruptly entered the house and greeted her mother a trifle impatiently4 ,i'm getting awful tired of ,al1 she said4 ,that evening the girl went to the home of her sister1 ,mrs4 ,henry ,wallis1 where ,barker and his aunt1 ,mrs4 ,fannie ,willis1 mother-in-law of ,mrs4 ,wallis1 also live4 ,at #h o'clock the girl and ,barker left together4 ,they said they might go to a show1 and that's the last ,i saw of them1 ,mrs4 ,wallis said4 ,late at night the two households became alarmed when neither of the young people returned4 ,the families suggested to each other that ,barker and the girl had eloped1 but still there were doubts and misgivings4 ,martin ,whittier1 the town marshal1 was called and the alarm was sent to the ,chicago police4 ,sunday morning came and there was no word of either of the missing4 ,a group of high school boys volunteered to look for the couple1 and soon they were joined by the whole school4 ,no trace of the trail was found4 ,yesterday morning the disappearance had grown into a village sensation4 ,the schools were closed for the day and all the pupils turned out to beat over the fields and woods4 ,carl ,selig1 a grocery delivery man1 was driving in ,orchard ,street on the south side of the village1 about #e o'clock1 when something behind a bunch of bushes and tanglewood at ,lyman ,street caught his eye4 ,he climbed off the wagon and pushed through the brush to investigate4 ,in a small open place half concealed by the bushes ,selig came upon a girl's body4 ,the face was covered with her coat and her hands were folded across her breast4 ,he gingerly pulled off the coat and recognized the girl as ,emily ,benton4 ,selig gave the alarm and the body was removed to ,davis's undertaking rooms in the village4 ,the ground near the death spot was closely examined without discovery of any trace of a struggle4 ,ten feet away from the body a boy picked up an empty two-ounce bottle4 ,it showed no trace of its contents and it bore no label4 ,at the undertaking rooms a preliminary examination of the body disclosed a bruised splotch on the girl's neck1 another on the right temple1 and a third on the chin4 ,the inside of her mouth was discolored and seared1 as though she might have taken carbolic acid4 ,there was no odor to indicate any chemical4 ,last night ,sheriff ,kuhn and ,coroner ,hopf of ,ellis county went to ,dawson ,grove and assumed personal charge of the case4 ,,chapter ,,xix ,a4 ,write a feature story on the different ways students in your college make money4 ,get statistics of the number of students earning their way wholly or in part and the amount of money earned during a college year4 ,b4 ,the following statement was made by ,dr4 ,martin ,frederick of the city medical staff1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio3 ,milady's dimples are defects caused by faulty construction or weaknesses of the cheek muscles4 ,interview several ladies who have dimples and write the story4 ,c4 ,the following statements were made by ,colonel ,g4 ,o4 ,shields1 president of the ,league of ,american ,sportsmen3 ,the cotton growers are suffering a loss of one hundred million dollars a year by reason of the ravages of the boll weevil4 ,why8 ,because the quails1 the prairie chickens1 the meadow larks and other birds which were formerly there in millions have been swept away by gunners4 ,the grain growers are losing over one hundred million dollars a year on account of the work of the chinch bug4 ,they are losing another two hundred million dollars a year on account of the work of the ,hessian fly4 ,both of these are very small insects1 almost microscopic in size4 ,it takes over twenty-four thousand chinch bugs to weigh one ounce4 ,a quail killed in a wheat field in ,ohio and examined by a government expert had in its craw the remains of over twelve hundred chinch bugs it had eaten that day4 ,another quail killed in ,kansas and examined by another government expert had in its craw the remains of over two thousand ,hessian flies that it had eaten that day4 ,the farmers of the ,northern states are paying out sixteen to seventeen million dollars a year for paris green to put on their potato vines4 ,a quail killed in a potato field in ,pennsylvania and examined by a government entomologist had in its stomach the remains of one hundred twenty-six bugs4 ,the quail is one of the most valuable insect-eating birds of its size in the world2 and yet there are so-called sportsmen all over the land1 thousands of them1 who insist on having legal authority to kill every quail they can find during at least three months of each year4 ,then there is a whole army of game-hogs who go out and kill them when they are half grown and when there is no game warden in sight4 ,write a feature story about the value of birds4 ,d4 ,the following bill of fare for fifteen cents was found in a restaurant at #afae ,austin ,avenue3 two eggs cooked any style1 one cup of coffee1 two slices of bread1 butter1 potatoes1 toothpicks4 ,steak instead of eggs made the price twenty cents4 ,pie was five cents4 ,the proprietor1 ,christ ,terss1 a ,greek1 has supported himself and wife for two years on this priced menu and in addition has put #bjj in the bank4 ,make a feature story of the details4 ,e4 ,in the court of domestic relations yesterday1 ,willie ,preber1 #ai1 #ahdh ,ontario ,street1 was accused by his stepmother1 ,mrs4 ,john ,preber1 of fighting her4 ,willie pleaded not guilty1 saying he could not fight with her much1 as he had a weak heart and might die if he got excited4 ,he declared he never touched her more than once a day4 ,he was sent to the house of correction for sixty days4 ,f4 ,the ,seattle ,star got a good story by interviewing a number of men and women about the book they had liked most when children4 ,tom ,sawyer and ,robinson ,crusoe led the list4 ,try the story in your town or in your university4 ,g4 ,a similar story to that in ,f may be had by interviewing a number of persons about their favorite sacred hymn4 ,onward1 ,christian ,soldiers led the list in ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,h4 ,inquire of twelve or fifteen college men and women what favorite remedies they use for colds4 ,their varied replies will be startling4 ,make a feature story of their answers4 ,i4 ,question a number of persons in your town1 or in your university1 about their favorite hobbies1 and feature the story as ,riding ,hobby ,horses with ,blank ,men and ,women4 ,j4 ,inquire of the members of the senior class what kinds of husbands or wives they expect to marry4 ,if they do not intend marrying1 get their reasons and feature them in a separate story4 ,k4 ,spend an afternoon in the kitchens of the university dormitories and write the story4 ,l4 ,how strictly is the honor system observed in colleges to-day8 ,interview underclassmen in your college and make a feature of their replies4 ,,index ,abbreviations1 #bfi ,accidents1 #adi1 #aec ,accuracy in news1 #bf1 #eg1 #fg1 #gd1 #hd1 #aaf1 #abh1 #ada1 #adf ,adaptability1 #g ,addresses1 #ed1 #ace ,add stories1 #bec ,advance copies of speeches1 #ed ,advance stories1 #ed1 #aic ,advertisement1 persons seeking1 #dg ,advertising manager1 #ba ,agreement of pronouns1 #ajj ,alone1 #ajh ,ambiguous pronouns1 #ajj ,anger1 #df ,appleton ,post1 quoted1 #ei1 #gg ,apostrophe1 #bff ,arrest sheets1 #cf ,articles1 beginning stories with1 #gj ,assignments1 #db ,associated ,press1 quoted1 #bcg ,atlanta ,constitution1 quoted1 #aij ,automobile races1 #ahi ,autoplate1 #af ,bank1 #ad ,banks in headlines1 #bha ,banquets1 #adc ,baseball1 #afg ,basket-ball1 #agf ,beats3 news runs1 #ci2 scoops1 #dj ,beginnings of stories1 #fh ,beginning work1 #e ,billiards1 #aij ,bing-bing-bing style1 #ic ,blotter1 police1 #cd ,body of the story1 #hd ,boston ,transcript1 quoted1 #bje ,boxed summaries1 #gf ,boxing matches1 #ahe ,bryan1 ,w4 ,j41 #aca ,bulldog edition1 #e ,business department1 #bj ,business manager1 #bj ,capitalization1 #bef ,cards1 calling1 #db1 #de ,cartoonist1 #aa ,cashier1 #bb ,charity benefits1 #bje ,chase1 #af ,chicago ,american1 quoted1 #ic ,chicago ,herald1 quoted1 #adj ,chicago ,tribune1 quoted1 #fj1 #aib1 #aif1 #bcc1 #cja ,children1 stories about1 #cj1 #aea ,circulation manager1 #bj ,city editor1 #e1 #f1 #fh1 #ie ,city maps1 #dc ,city room1 #c ,clearness1 #gd1 #ij1 #ig1 #ajf1 #aag ,climactic order1 #fa1 #fd ,clippings1 #bec ,closeness of events1 #bi ,clubs1 #bje1 #bji ,coherence1 #ij1 #aji1 #abi1 #ada1 #bah ,colon1 #bei ,comma1 #bfj ,complex order in stories1 #fc ,composing room1 #ac ,compositors1 #ac ,condensation1 #ie1 #bbc ,conjunctions1 #ajd1 #ajg ,contests1 #cj ,conventions1 #cb1 #adc ,conversation1 #abi ,cordination of clauses1 #ajd ,copy1 #bid ,copy cutter1 #ac ,copy distributor1 #ac ,copy holder1 #af ,copy readers1 #e ,corrected copy1 #bge ,corrected proof1 #bgf ,corrections in copy1 #bed ,correlative conjunctions1 #ajg ,correspondence stories1 #bce ,correspondent1 #bce ,courtesy1 #df ,courts1 #add ,crime1 #adi1 #afj ,cuts1 #bec ,dana1 ,charles ,a41 #aaf ,dances1 #bjd ,dark runs1 #dj ,dash1 #bfc ,davis1 ,r4 ,h41 quoted1 #dh ,dead1 lists of1 #aej ,deaths1 #aeg ,decisions1 court1 #ade ,delicacy of expression1 #aac ,des ,moines ,register1 quoted1 #ff ,dinners1 #bjb ,dispatches1 filing1 #bci ,dress1 #df ,dullness in stories1 #hd ,editor3 city1 #f2 exchange1 #i2 financial1 #aj2 literary1 #aj2 managing1 #aa2 market1 #aj2 news1 #g2 society1 #f1 #aj2 state1 #h2 telegraph1 #h ,editorializing1 #hg1 #aia ,editorial policies1 #hg ,editorial rooms1 #e ,editorials1 purpose of1 #hg ,editorial writers1 #aa ,editor-in-chief1 #ab ,elegance1 #abj ,ellipsis1 #ajf ,emphasis1 #ic1 #ig1 #aaj ,end-mark in copy1 #bed ,engagements1 announcements1 #bjj1 #baj ,exaggeration1 #hf1 #adf ,exchange editor1 #i ,exercises1 #bhe ,extremes in news1 #bi ,fake stories1 #ef ,falsehood1 detecting1 #ea ,feature stories1 #bbd ,features1 playing up1 #fi1 #abg ,figures1 #bga ,figures of speech1 #aai ,filing news dispatches1 #bci ,filing queries1 #bdj ,financial editor1 #aj ,fires1 #adi ,flaubert1 ,gustave1 quoted1 #aaf ,following up news1 #bab ,follow stories1 #bab ,football1 #aga1 #aib ,force1 #ic1 #ig1 #aaj1 #aai ,forms1 #af ,fudge1 #ah ,funerals1 #aeg ,galley proof1 #ae ,golf1 #agi ,government publications1 #add ,grammar1 #ii ,helplessness1 value in news1 #cj ,heroism1 acts of1 #aej ,holiday stories1 #adc ,holmes1 ,george ,r41 quoted1 #gg ,human interest stories1 #bbd ,humorous stories1 #adf1 #aea ,hyphen1 #bfg ,illustrations1 #bec ,inaccuracy in news1 #bf1 #hd ,indianapolis ,news1 quoted1 #aef ,infinitives1 #aja ,injured1 lists of1 #aej ,inserts in copy1 #beb ,instructions from city editor1 #fh1 #ie ,instructions to correspondents1 #bdd ,interest in news1 #bg1 #eh1 #gd ,interviewing1 #de ,interviews3 by telephone1 #db2 making men talk1 #dh2 numbers of1 #ace2 questions in1 #dg1 #ej2 requirements for1 #de2 writing up1 #abe ,kansas ,city ,star1 quoted1 #fb1 #cab ,killed1 lists of1 #aej ,labor reporter1 #f ,lardner1 ,r4 ,w41 quoted1 #aib ,law of libel1 #he1 #afb ,leads3 accident1 #adi1 #aec2 accuracy in1 #gd2 clearness in1 #gd2 construction1 #gj2 contents of1 #fi2 crime1 #afj2 deaths1 #aeg2 feature stories1 #bcj2 fires1 #adi2 follow-ups1 #bac2 form of1 #gb2 informal1 #gh2 interest in1 #gd2 interviews1 #abf2 kinds1 #fh2 rewrites1 #bai2 speeches1 #ace2 sports1 #afe2 summarizing1 #fi1 #ach2 suspense in1 #gh1 #ha2 verse in1 #hj ,lectures1 #ed ,legal decisions1 #add ,libel1 law of1 #he1 #afb ,librarian1 #aj ,linotype machine1 #ac ,lists of dead and injured1 #aej ,literary editor1 #aj ,life lost1 #aej ,localization of news1 #bi1 #abg1 #bah ,local news1 #bch ,longhand copy1 #bej ,los ,angeles ,times1 quoted1 #bjc1 #bjd ,luncheons1 #bjb ,magazine articles1 #add ,managing editor1 #aa ,mannerisms1 #acj1 #adc ,maps1 city1 #dc ,margins in copy1 #bej ,marine reporter1 #f ,market editor1 #aj ,marks for correcting copy1 #bgc ,marriages1 #bja1 #baj ,matrix1 #af ,mechanical department1 #ac ,memory1 need of1 #di ,milwaukee ,journal1 #ae1 #ahi ,milwaukee ,sentinel1 quoted1 #hj ,minneapolis ,tribune1 quoted1 #fd ,morgue1 #i ,motives1 seeking1 #ea ,murders1 #adi ,names1 need of accuracy1 #ec ,nearness of events1 #bi ,nevin1 ,j4 ,e41 quoted1 #aca-acd ,news3 accuracy in1 #bf2 biased1 #ef2 defined1 #bf2 essentials of1 #be2 following up1 #bab2 getting into print1 #ac2 nose for1 #be2 runs1 #ci2 sources1 #cd1 #aei1 #aia1 #baa1 #bcj2 staff1 #e2 suppression of1 #da2 timeliness in1 #bh2 values1 need of knowing1 #be ,news editor1 #g ,newspaper organization1 #c ,new ,york ,herald1 quoted1 #ha1 #aee1 #aei ,new ,york ,sun1 #aaf1 #bja1 #bjd1 #bbe ,new ,york ,times1 quoted1 #ha1 #afh1 #ahb1 #ahe1 #bje ,new ,york ,tribune1 quoted1 #agf ,new ,york ,world1 quoted1 #aed1 #aga1 #aid1 #bad ,nose for news1 #be ,note-book in reporting1 #di ,note-taking1 #di ,numbers1 #bga ,obituaries1 #aeg ,office1 city1 #c1 #dc ,omaha ,news1 quoted1 #aca-acd ,o',malley1 ,f4 ,w41 quoted1 #bbe ,only1 #ajh ,organization of a newspaper1 #c ,organization of stories1 #eg ,ownership1 influence on news1 #hi ,pagination1 #beb ,paragraph1 the1 #ig ,paragraph indention1 #bea ,paragraph marks in copy1 #bea ,parenthetic expressions1 #ajh ,parentheses1 #bfd ,participles1 #ajb ,pathos in news stories1 #ca1 #aea ,period1 #bei ,personal interests in news1 #cb ,personals1 #bjf ,philadelphia ,public ,ledger1 quoted #agg1 #bja ,photographers1 #aa ,photographs1 #ed ,pitkin1 ,w4 ,b41 quoted1 #bg ,places1 well known1 in news1 #ca ,plate1 stereotyping1 #af ,police3 as news gatherers1 #cd2 blotter1 #cd2 bulletin board1 #ce2 headquarters1 #cd2 news1 #cd2 reporter1 #ci ,policies1 newspaper1 #hg ,political news1 #hi ,presses1 printing1 #ag ,press room1 #ag ,printing1 speed in1 #ah ,printing presses1 #ag ,prominent persons1 #ca1 #ea1 #bah ,pronouns1 #ia1 #ajj ,proof3 correcting1 #af2 specimen sheet1 #bgf2 galley1 #ae2 marks used in correcting1 #bgg ,proof-readers1 #ae ,proof-readers' marks1 #bgg ,proportion1 #aaa1 #abi ,punctuation1 #bef ,queries1 #bdj ,question leads1 #gi ,questions in interviewing1 #dg1 #ej1 #abg ,quotation-marks1 #bfd ,quotations3 in leads1 #hj2 verbatim1 #acf1 #adb1 #bfd ,receptions1 #bjc ,record-breaking events1 #cj ,relation words1 #ia ,release stories1 #ed ,repetition1 #ia1 #aab ,reporters3 duties1 #f2 getting news1 #db1 #abg2 requirements of1 #be2 suppressing news1 #da ,rewrite man1 #bai ,rewrite stories1 #bab1 #bah ,robberies1 #adi1 #afb ,rumors1 #bf1 #aec ,runs1 news1 #ci ,scoops1 #dj ,semicolon1 #bfj ,sentences1 #gb1 #ie1 #ii ,sermons1 #ed1 #ace ,sheets1 #cf ,shorthand1 #di ,slang1 #abj1 #afd ,slips1 #ce ,slugging a story1 #ac ,slugs1 #ad ,society1 #aii ,society editor1 #f1 #aj1 #aii ,sources for news1 #cd1 #aei1 #aia1 #baa1 #bcj1 #bch ,space order in stories1 #fj ,speeches1 #ed1 #ace ,speed devices1 #ah ,speed1 value in reporting1 #eg ,spencer1 ,herbert1 #eh ,split infinitive1 #aja ,sporting editor1 #h ,sports1 #afd1 #bdc ,state editor1 #h ,stereotyping process1 #af ,stories3 correspondence1 #bce2 getting1 #db1 #abg1 #aei1 #aia1 #baa1 #bcj1 #bch2 starting for1 #db ,string1 correspondent's1 #bde ,style book1 #bdi ,subjects1 shifted1 #aji ,subordination of clauses1 #ajd ,suicides1 #adi ,summaries1 boxed1 #gf ,suppression of news1 #da1 #dh ,suspensive leads1 #gh1 #ha ,takes1 #ac1 #ae1 #bea ,teas1 #bjb ,technical news stories1 #add ,telegraph copy1 #h1 #bci ,telegraph editor1 #h ,telegraph news1 #bci1 #bdd ,telephone1 use of1 #db1 #bci ,tennis1 #ahb ,terminology1 #bgh ,testimony1 reporting1 #ade ,timeliness1 #bh ,time order in stories1 #ei ,tone1 #hb1 #ic ,track meets1 #agg ,trials1 #add ,trite phrases1 #aai ,typewriter1 #bej ,underscoring1 #bec ,under-statement1 value of1 #hg ,unity in sentences1 #aaj ,unity of impression1 #hb1 #ic1 #bcb ,unusual1 the1 value in news1 #cj ,vagueness of phrasing1 #ic ,verbs1 #aja1 #ajc ,verse in leads1 #hj ,washington ,post1 quoted1 #bjb1 #bjg ,weather stories1 #aed ,weddings1 #bja ,witnesses1 statements from1 #gf1 #ade ,women's clubs1 #bje1 #bji ,words1 #aaf ,writing paper1 #bej ,,advertisements ,government and ,economics ,boutwell's ,the ,constitution of the ,united ,states at the ,end of the ,first ,century #b4ej ,contains the organic laws of the ,united ,states1 with references to the decisions of the ,supreme ,court from #aghi to #ahhi1 which elucidate the text1 and an historical chapter reviewing the steps which led to the adoption of these organic laws4 ,carlton's ,the ,history and ,problems of ,organized ,labor #b4bj ,presents the important facts in the history of organized labor in the ,united ,states1 analyzes the chief problems that affect labor organizations1 and attempts to evaluate the functions of organized labor4 ,the object is not to justify or condemn1 but to analyze phenomena4 ,flickinger's ,civil ,government #a4jj ,traces the growth of civil liberty in ,england1 and the development of government in the ,states and in the ,united ,states4 ,an historical and analytic study of civil institutions4 ,gide's ,history of ,economic ,doctrines #c4jj ,the scope of the work includes the period from the time of the physiocrats to the present day4 ,especial prominence is given to the development of economic doctrine during the past twenty years4 ,gide's ,political ,economy #c4jj ,the authorized translation from the third edition 7#aiac7 of the ,cours d',economie ,politique4 ,the method keeps clearly in view the human element1 which is at once the main difficulty and the main interest of the subject4 ,gide's ,principles of ,political ,economy #b4bj ,the authorized translation of ,principes d',economie ,politique1 adapted to the use of ,american students by the addition of ,american illustrative material1 by ,prof4 ,c4 ,w4 ,a4 ,veditz4 ,henderson's ,introduction to the ,study of ,dependent1 ,defective1 and ,delinquent ,classes #a4fj ,adapted for use as a text-book1 for personal study1 and for clubs of men and women engaged in considering some of the gravest problems of society4 ,johnson's ,introduction to ,political ,economy #a4fj ,an introductory course that deals in the clearest and most direct manner with the fundamental facts and principles on which the study of economics is based4 ,lawrence's ,documents ,illustrative of ,international ,law #b4jj ,eighty-seven important documents upon the development of ,international ,law1 the laws of peace1 the laws of war1 and the laws of neutrality4 ,lawrence's ,principles of ,international ,law #c4jj ,embodies the latest results of discussion and research1 and traces the development of ,international ,law in such a way as to show its relation to a few great ethical principles as well as its dependence upon the facts of history4 ,wilson's ,the ,state #b4dj ,elements of historical and practical politics4 ,a text-book on the organization and functions of government4 ,sent by mail1 postpaid1 on receipt of price ,d4 ,c4 ,,heath ,,co41 ,publishers1 ,boston1 ,new ,york1 ,chicago ,,handbook ,,of ,,composition ,by ,,edwin ,c4 ,,woolley ,this book is unique4 ,it supplements the formal treatises on good ,english1 grammar1 sentence structure1 paragraphing1 manuscript arrangement1 punctuation1 spelling1 essay writing1 and letter writing1 and renders the general teaching of such books effective in detail and in practice4 ,students are taught not only that certain practices violate good usage1 but also are shown exactly how to correct their errors and conform to established practice4 ,cloth4 xxi #bci pages4 ,price1 #hj cents4 ,,mechanics ,,of ,,writing ,by ,,edwin ,c4 ,,woolley ,a companion volume to ,woolley's ,handbook of ,composition4 ,it discusses matters of good ,english1 technically so called1 phraseology1 sentence structure1 the structure of compositions1 spelling1 the compounding of words1 the use of abbreviations1 the representation of numbers1 syllabication1 capitalization1 italicizing1 and is especially helpful in its treatment of punctuation and paragraphing4 ,the rules for correcting deficiencies are explicit4 ,cloth4 xxxi #cif pages4 ,price1 #a4ab4 ,,exercises ,,in ,,english ,by ,,edwin ,c4 ,,woolley ,these exercises are so grouped and classified that an instructor can assign to a student deficient in ,english exact lessons with principles1 illustrations1 and exercises covering each typical defect as it comes to light in his work4 ,the book also furnishes an abundance of illustrative material for use in regular class work4 ,cloth1 xxviii #adg pages4 ,price1 #fd cents4 ,,written ,,english ,by ,,edwin ,c4 ,,woolley ,this new book for first-year classes in secondary schools offers a course in the main things to know in order to write ,english correctly4 ,there are numerous books upon constructive composition1 but this is the first book that has sought primarily to secure formal accuracy in those matters that are most seriously criticised by the world at large as defects in school training in ,english4 ,the chapters treat3 manuscript arrangement1 grammatical correctness1 punctuation1 spelling1 and conventional usage in letter writing1 and there are abundant exercises for practice4 ,cloth4 #ccd pages4 ,price1 #a4ab4 ,d4 ,c4 ,,heath ,,co41 ,boston1 ,new ,york1 ,chicago ,transcriber's ,note3 ,variations in spelling1 hyphenation1 and spacing in abbreviations have been retained as they appear in the original publication4 ,changes have been made as follows3 ,page vi greath length and to changed to great length and to ,page viii as schools of law1 medicime changed to as schools of law1 medicine ,page #df forget that he is a gentlemen1 changed to forget that he is a gentleman1 ,page #fb particularly #ae ones1 changed to particularly #ae ones4 ,page #fd ,,aerial ,,torpedo ,,boat ,,invented changed to ,a,,rial ,,torpedo ,,boat ,,invented ,page #hh therefore1 to modify the preceeding changed to therefore1 to modify the preceding ,page #adg ,the defendents--a weird assortment of the changed to ,the defendants--a weird assortment of the ,page #aed ,the cause of the explosion in changed to ,the cause of the explosion is ,page #afi right in front of the plate and ,nunamaker changed to right in front of the plate and ,nunamacher ,page #agb upon the white furs and the laven-ender changed to upon the white furs and the lavender ,page #age ,in big games this in ,in big games this is ,page #agi ,paul1 #cb ft4 #c-c_/d in changed to ,paul1 #cb ft4 #c-c_/d in4 ,page #ahj ,h4 ,p4 ,bingham1 of the ,mayfield club changed to ,h4 ,p4 ,bingham1 of the ,mayfield ,club ,page #aia ,yamada--#i1 #b1 #a1 #de #cj1 #j1 #ge1 #j1 #de1 #d1 #b1 #hb1 #j1 #a1 #ca1 #a1 #j1 #j1 #i1 #b #c1 #j1 #a1 #g1 #c--cdg4 ,average1 changed to ,yamada--#i1 #b1 #a1 #de1 #cj1 #j1 #ge1 #j1 #de1 #d1 #b1 #hb1 #j1 #a1 #ca1 #a1 #j1 #j1 #i1 #b1 #c1 #j1 #a1 #g1 #c--cdg4 ,average1 ,page #aid in the various sections changed to in the various sections4 ,page #aie welcome4 ,the ,vandervilt1 ,astor1 ,waldorf1 changed to welcome4 ,the ,vanderbilt1 ,astor1 ,waldorf1 his twenty-one-year old son changed to his twenty-one-year-old son ,page #bae a box of figs followed the eggs1 ,taczowski changed to a box of figs followed the eggs1 ,taczkowski ,page #bca and ,i'll fi it4 444 changed to and ,i'll fix it4 444 ,page #bdj killed at six ,p3,m4 by automobile changed to killed at six ,p4,m4 by automobile ,page #bfj ,among those present were3 ,allen ,rogers of ,los changed to ,among those present were3 ,allen ,rogers of ,las ,page #bgj and island posessions of the ,united ,states changed to and island possessions of the ,united ,states ,page #bhe here to-day a pair of new fur-lined gloves were changed to here to-day a pair of new fur-lined gloves was ,page #bij for robbing ,w4 ,g4 ,gaede14 #ddd ,west ,grand ,avenue1 changed to for robbing ,w4 ,g4 ,gaede1 #ddd ,west ,grand ,avenue1 ,page #bif ,they live at #bdjd ,faraon ,street1 this city1 changed to ,they live at #bdjd ,faraon ,street1 this city4 ,page #cjb this4 ,i am crushed1 overwhelmed1 drowned1 changed to this4 ,i am crushed1 overwhelmed1 drowned4 ,this is for you and and father changed to ,this is for you and father ,page #cjc make a pilgrimage to ,hindsale changed to make a pilgrimage to ,hinsdale ,page #cjf ,last ,thurdsay evening the people changed to ,last ,thursday evening the people ,page #cad ,kansas ,city ,star1 ,january #ba4 #aiag4 changed to ,kansas ,city ,star1 ,january #ba1 #aiag4 ,page #cbe is even1 now procuring it1 as ,gemany changed to is even1 now procuring it1 as ,germany ,page #cea when there is no game warden in sight4 changed to when there is no game warden in sight4