file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #cjgeh-;h4htm or #cjgeh-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #cjgeh_/pg#cjgeh-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#cjge h_/cjgeh-;h4zip7 ,,communism ,,& ,,*ri/ianism 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,! ,,pur*as]3 ,ly+ ,sup]naturalism is go+2 robb+ ,capitalism is fall+2 sav+ ,laborism is ris+1 & level+ ,unionism is com+4 ,?is booklet1 ,communism & ,*ri/ianism1 is a contribution by ,bi%op & ,mrs4 ,wm4 ,m4 ,br[n1 ( ,galion1 ,ohio1 t[>ds ! fur!rance ( ^! d[nw>d1 upw>d & =w>d movem5ts1 ! mo/ =tunate ev5ts 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,we hope t y w read1 m>k1 le>n & inw>dly dige/ its extremely revolution>y1 compreh5sive & salut>y tea*+s conc]n+ bo? religion & politics ) ! happy result ( becom+ an apo/le ( its illum9at+ & inspir+ int]pretation ( ! sci5tific gospel ( ,m>x & ,engels to wage slaves1 ! only gospel :i* po9ts ! way to r$emption f _! body & s\l de/roy+ slav]y4 ,y may become a mission>y ( ?is gospel 9 y\r neighborhood1 & z su* d m good ?an all its or?odox prea*]s1 tea*]s1 editors & politicians toge!r at no f9ancial co/ to y\rself by ord]+ booklets at our special rates3 six copies1 #a4jj2 tw5ty-five copies1 #c4jj1 prepaid1 & sell+ !m to work]s at our retail price1 #be c5ts = "o copy4 ,z we make no pr(it & d no bookkeep+1 ca% %\ld accompany all ord]s4 ,to organizations work+ = bail1 def5se1 lib]ation or unemploym5t funds1 ,bi%op & ,mrs4 ,br[n donate tw5ty-five copies = ea* tw5ty-five ord]$ ) remittance4 ,! ,brad=d-,br[n ,educational ,company1 ,inc4 ,publi%]s--,galion1 ,ohio ,editions & ,_! ,dates4 ,fir/ ,edition1 #aj1jjj copies1 ,octob] #aa?1 #aibj4 ,second ,edition1 #aj1jjj copies1 revis$ & enl>g$ f #ahd to #bjd pages1 ,febru>y #ae?1 #aiba4 ,?ird ,edition1 #aj1jjj copies1 ,m>* #bnd1 #aiba4 ,f\r? ,edition1 #aj1jjj copies 7#b1jjj 9 clo? b9d+71 revis$ & enl>g$ f #bjd to #bbd pages1 ,april #i1 #aiba4 ,illu/ration3 ,rt4 ,rev4 ,william ,montgom]y ,br[n1 ,d4 ,d4 ,fif? ,bi%op ( ,arkansas1 ,resign$2 ,memb] ,h\se ( ,bi%ops ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*2 ,sometime ,ar*deacon ( ,ohio & ,special ,lectur] at ,bexley ,hall1 ! ,!ological ,sem9>y ( ,k5yon ,college4 ,n[ ,episcopos 9 p>tibus ,bol%evikium et ,infidelium4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,communism ,,& ,,*ri/ianism ,analyz$ & ,contra/$ f ! ,m>xian & ,d>w9ian ,po9ts ( ,view by ,,william ,,montgom]y ,,br[n ,bani% ! ,gods f ! ,skies & ,capitali/s f ! ,e>? & make ! _w safe = ,indu/rial ,communism4 ,! ,brad=d-,br[n ,educational ,company1 ,inc4 ,publi%]s 444 ,galion1 ,ohio ,=tie? ,?\s& ,,d$ication ,?is booklet is gratefully d$icat$ to ! ,prolet>iat f :om ,bi%op & ,mrs4 ,br[n are sprung1 & to ^: unrequit$ labors 7n to ! good provid5ce ( a div9ity7 !y owe _! weal?1 leisure & opportunities4 ,,prolegom5a,a ,religion is ! opium ( ! p4 ,! suppression ( religion z ! happ9ess ( ! p is ! rev9dication ( its real happ9ess4 ,! invitation to ab&on illusions reg>d+ its situation is an invitation to ab&on a situation :i* has ne$ ( illusions4 ,criticism ( religion is !re=e ! g]m ( a criticism ( ! vale ( te>s1 ( :i* religion is ! holy aspect4 --,m>x4 ,n only1 inde$1 is ! /ruggle aga9/ religion intellectually useful1 b x _c consci5ti\sly be avoid$1 = religion is us$ aga9/ ! ,sociali/ movem5t by ! possess+ class 9 e c\ntry4 ,b to aboli% religion is n to aboli% exploitation1 because only "o ( ! enemy's guns w h be5 sil5c$4 ,! work]s h1 above all1 to dislodge ! capitali/ class f p[]4 ,! religi\s "q1 & inde$ all else1 is second>y to ?is4 ,! te/ ( admission to a ,sociali/ ,p>ty mu/ be nei!r m nor less ?an acceptance ( ! foll[+ sev5 work+ pr9ciples & ! policy ( ,socialism z a class movem5t3 #a4 ,society z at pres5t con/itut$ is bas$ ^u ! own]%ip ( ! means ( liv+ 7i4 e41 l&1 factories1 railways1 etc47 by ! capitali/ or ma/] class1 & ! consequ5t enslavem5t ( ! work+ class1 by ^: labor alone weal? is produc$4 #b4 ,9 society1 !re=e1 !re is an antagonism ( int]e/s1 manife/+ itself z a class /ruggle1 betwe5 ^? :o possess b d n produce & ^? :o produce b d n possess4 #c4 ,?is antagonism c be aboli%$ only by ! emancipation ( ! work+ class f ! dom9ation ( ! ma/] class by ! conv]sion into ! common prop]ty ( society ( ! means ( production & di/ribution1 & _! democratic control by ! :ole p4 #d4 ,z 9 ! ord] ( social evolution ! work+ class is ! la/ to a*ieve its fre$om1 ! emancipation ( ! work+ class w involve ! emancipation ( all mank9d )\t di/9ction ( race or sex4 #e4 ,?is emancipation mu/ be ! "w ( ! work+ class itself4 #f4 ,z ! ma*9]y ( capitali/ gov]nm5t1 includ+ ! arm$ =ces ( ! nation1 cons]ves ! monopoly by ! capitali/ class ( ! weal? tak5 f ! work]s1 ! work+ class mu/ organize consci\sly & politically = acquir+ ! p[]s ( gov]nm5t1 national & local1 9 ord] t ?is ma*9]y1 includ+ ^! =ces1 may be conv]t$ f an in/rum5t ( oppression into ! ag5t ( emancipation & ! ov]?r[ ( privilege1 ari/ocratic & plutocratic4,b #g4 ,z all political p>ties are b ! expression ( class int]e/s1 & z ! int]e/ ( ! work+ class is diametrically oppos$ to ! int]e/s ( all sections ( ! ma/]-class1 ! p>ty seek+ work+-class emancipation mu/ be ho/ile to e o!r p>ty4 ,if a man supports ! *ur*1 or 9 any respect all[s religi\s ideas to /& 9 ! way ( ! =ego+ sev5 ess5tial pr9ciples ( socialism or ! activity ( a ,p>ty1 he proves !reby t he does n accept ,socialism z fundam5tally true & ( ! fir/ importance1 & 8 place is outside4 ,no man c be consi/5tly bo? a ,sociali/ & a ,*ri/ian4 ,x mu/ be ei!r ! sociali/ or ! religi\s pr9ciple t is supreme1 = ! attempt to c\ple !m equally betrays *>latanism or lack ( ?\ght4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no ne$ = a specifically anti-religi\s te/4 ,s surely does ! acceptance ( ,socialism lead to ! exclusion ( ! sup]natural1 t ! ,sociali/ has little ne$ = su* t]ms z ,a!i/1 ,free-?9k]1 or ev5 ,mat]iali/2 = ! ^w ,sociali/1 rightly und]/ood1 implies "o :o1 on all su* que/ions1 takes 8 /& on positive sci5ce1 expla9+ all ?+s by purely natural causation1 ,socialism be+ n m]ely a politico-economic cre$1 b also an integral "p ( a consi/5t _w philosophy4 ,s long z ! an>*y ( mod]n competitive society exi/s1 ! accompany+ obscurity & confusion 9 social life w cont9ue to %elt] sup]/ition4 ,?is po9t is illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ ref]5ce by ,m>x to ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,:5 we see 9 ! v c\ntry ( complete political emancipation n only t religion exi/s1 b reta9s its vig\r1 !re is no ne$1 ,i hope1 = o!r pro(s 9 ord] to %[ t ! exi/5ce ( religion is n incompatible ) ! full political maturity ( ! ,/ate4 ,b if religion exi/s x is because ( a defective social organization1 ( :i* x is necess>y to seek ! cause 9 ! v ess5ce ( ! ,/ate4 ,class dom9ation is ! ess5ce ( ! mod]n ,/ate4 ,x is bas$ on competitive an>*y & p>asitism--! evid5ces ( a defective social organization4 ,x /ill leaves room = religion1 because x ma9ta9s ignorance & confusion by its /ructure & contradictions1 & because religion is fo/]$ z a h&maid5 ( class rule4 ,nev]!less1 ! gr[? ( ! social =ces ( production )9 mod]n society1 & ! bett] k ! work]s obta9 ( _! true relations to ea* o!r & to ,nature1 loos5 ! *a9s ( gho/ wor%ip & my/icism f _! limbs & less5 ! p[] ( religion z a political weapon 9 ! h&s ( ! rul+ class1 :ile !y =m1 at ! same "t1 ! mat]ial & intellectual prep>ation = an intellig5tly organiz$ society4 ,! matt] has be5 put 9 a nut%ell by ,m>x 9 ! *apt] on ,commodities 9 ,capital1 volume ,i4 ,! religi\s reflex ( ! real _w c1 9 any case1 only !n f9ally vani%1 :5 ! practical relations ( e-day life (f] to man none b p]fectly intelligible & reasonable relations ) reg>d to 8 fell[ m5 & to nature4 ,! life process ( society1 :i* is bas$ on ! process ( mat]ial production1 does n /rip (f its my/ical veil until x is treat$ z production by freely associat$ m51 & is consci\sly regulat$ by !m 9 accordance ) a settl$ plan4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 dem&s = society a c]ta9 mat]ial gr\ndwork or set ( conditions ( exi/5ce :i* 9 _! turn are ! spontane\s product ( a long & pa9ful process ( developm5t4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a pr(\nd tru? t ,socialism is ! natural enemy ( religion4 ,?r\gh ,socialism alone w ! relations betwe5 m5 9 society1 & _! relations to ,nature1 become reasonable1 ord]ly1 & completely intelligible1 leav+ no nook or cranny = sup]/ition4 ,! entry ( ,socialism is1 consequ5tly1 ! exodus ( religion4 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,f ! ,(ficial ,manife/o by ! ,sociali/ ,p>ty ( ,great ,brita91 %[+ ! ,antagonism betwe5 ,socialism & ,religion4 ,b ,?is section has be5 slightly *ang$ to make sure ( gu>d+ aga9/ ! advocacy ( arm$ insurrection4 ,sociali/s ?r\gh\t ! _w want a peaceful evolution f capitalism into socialism2 b :e!r or n x w be s 9 ! case ( any c\ntry is1 z ,l59 prophesies1 to be det]m9$ by ! deal+s ( its capitali/s ) its labor]s4 ,9 reply to an inquiry on ?is vex$ subject by an ,engli% au?or1 ,l59 said1 9 effect1 t 9 ,engl&1 z else:]e1 ! tactics ( ! capitali/ class w det]m9e ! program ( ! labor class4 ,,! ,,int]national ,,p>ty4 ,arise1 ye prison]s ( />vation6 ,arise1 ye wret*$ ( ! e>?1 ,= ju/ice ?und]s condemnation1 ,a bett] _w's 9 bir?4 ,no m tradition's *a9s %all b9d u1 ,arise1 ye slaves6 no m 9 ?rall6 ,! e>? %all rise on new f\ndations1 ,we h be5 naught1 we %all be all4 ,we want no condesc5d+ saviors4 ,to rule u f a judgm5t hall4 ,we work]s ask n = _! favors1 ,let u consult = all4 ,to make ! ?ief disgorge 8 booty1 ,to free ! _s f its cell1 ,we mu/ ourselves decide our duty1 ,we mu/ decide & d x well4 ,! law oppresses u & tricks u1 ,taxation dra9s ! victim's blood2 ,! ri* are free f obligations1 ,! laws ! poor delude4 ,too long we've langui%$ 9 subjection1 ,equality has o!r laws3 ,no rights1 says %e1 )\t _! duties4 ,no claims on equals )\t cause4 ,toil]s f %ops & fields unit$1 ,! p>ty we ( all :o "w2 ,! e>? belongs to u1 ! p1 ,no room "h = ! %irk4 ,h[ _m on our fle% h fatt5$6 ,b if ! noisome birds ( prey ,%all vani% f ! sky "s morn+1 ,! bless$ sunlight /ill w /ay4 ,,cont5ts ,page ,,prolegom5a #e ,,"p ,i4 ,,communism3 ,,! ,,naturali/ic ,,?is-,,worldly ,,gospel ,,= ,,! ,,com+ ,,age ,,( ,,classless ,,equality ,,& ,,economic ,,fre$om #ac ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,*ri/ianism3 ,a ,,sup]naturali/ic ,,o!r-,,worldly ,,gospel ,,= ,,! ,,pass+ ,,age ,,( ,,class ,,inequality ,,& ,,economic ,,slav]y #he ,,app5dix #aeg ,hi!rto1 e =m ( society has be5 bas$ on ! antagonism ( oppress+ & oppress$ classes4 ,b 9 ord] to oppress a class1 c]ta9 conditions mu/ be assur$ to x "u :i* x c1 at lea/1 cont9ue its slavi% exi/5ce4 ,! s]f1 9 ! p]iod ( s]fdom1 rais$ himself to memb]%ip 9 ! commune1 j z ! petty b\rgeois1 "u ! yoke ( feudal absolutism1 manag$ to develop into a b\rgeois4 ,! mod]n labor]1 on ! contr>y1 in/ead ( ris+ ) ! progress ( indu/ry1 s9ks deep] & deep] bel[ ! conditions ( exi/5ce ( 8 own class4 ,he becomes a paup]1 & paup]ism develops m rapidly ?an population & weal?4 ,& "h x becomes evid5t t ! b\rgeoisie is unfit any long] to be ! rul+ class 9 society1 & to impose its conditions ( exi/5ce ^u society z an ov]-rid+ law4 ,x is unfit to rule1 because x is incompet5t to assure an exi/5ce to its slave )9 8 slav]y1 because x _c help lett+ him s9k into su* a /ate t x has to fe$ him1 in/ead ( be+ f$ by him4 ,society c no long] live "u ?is b\rgeoisie1 9 o!r words1 its exi/5ce is no long] compatible ) society4--,m>x & ,engels4 ,,communism ,,& ,,*ri/ianism ,,analyz$ ,,& ,,contra/$ ,,f ,,! ,,m>xian ,,& ,,d>w9ian ,,po9ts ,,( ,,view ,,"p ,i4 ,communism3 ,! ,naturali/ic ,?is-worldly ,gospel = ! ,com+ ,age ( ,classless ,equality & ,economic ,fre$om--,an ,op5 ,lett] to a ,bro!r ,bi%op & a ,*ri/ian ,sociali/ ,comrade4 ,come ov] & help u4 ,ab&on ,*ri/ian ,socialism = ,m>xian ,communism4 ,,=eword,c ,! concept ( ,god1 z an explanation ( ! ,univ]se1 is becom+ entirely unt5able 9 ?is age ( sci5tific inquiry4 ,! laws ( ! p]si/5ce ( =ce & ! inde/ructibility ( matt]1 & ! un5d+ int]play ( cause & effect1 make ! attempt to trace ! orig9 ( ?+s to an an?ropomorphic ,god :o _h no cause1 z futile z is ! ,ori5tal cosmology :i* holds t ! _w re/s on an elephant1 &1 z an aft]?\ght1 t ! elephant /&s on a tortoise4 ,! inflexible laws ( ! kn[n univ]se _c logically be held to cease :]e our imm$iate exp]i5ce ends1 to make way = an unsci5tific concept ( an uncaus$ & creat+ be+4 ,! ,creation idea is unsupport$ by evid5ce1 & is 9 conflict ) e sci5tific law4 ,socialism is consi/5t only ) t moni/ic view :i* reg>ds all ph5om5a z expressions ( ! und]ly+ matt]-=ce reality & z p>ts ( ! unity ( ,nature :i* int]act accord+ to inviolable laws4 ,socialism is ! application ( sci5ce1 ! ar*5emy ( religion1 to human social relation%ips2 & j z ! basic pr9ciple ( ! philosophy ( ,socialism f9ds itself 9 conflict ) religion1 s does x1 z a propag&i/ movem5t1 f9d religion act+ aga9/ x4 ,,footnotes3 ,c ,f ! ,(ficial ,manife/o by ! ,sociali/ ,p>ty ( ,great ,brita91 %[+ ! ,antagonism betwe5 ,socialism & ,religion4 ,,communism3 ,,! ,,naturali/ic ,,?is-,,worldly ,,gospel ,,= ,,! ,,com+ ,,age ,,( ,,classless ,,equality ,,& ,,economic ,,fre$om4 ,make ! ,_w safe = ,indu/rialism by turn+ x upside d[n ) ,work]s above & ,own]s bel[4 ,my de> ,bro!r & ,comrade3 ,y\r lett] ( ,june #ac?,d relative to ! meet+ call$ = ! #bg?1 9 ! int]e/ ( a m radical sociali/ movem5t 9 our *ur*1 came duly to h&1 & its invitation to att5d1 or at lea/ write1 0 highly appreciat$4 ,my days = att5d+ ?+s are1 ,i fe>1 pa/4 ,i did n feel able to g to ! ,annual ,conv5tion ( ! ,sociali/ ,p>ty ( ,ohio1 :i* met mu* ne>] "h on ! same date1 ,june #bg?1 & end$ on ! #bi? ) a great picnic--a communion1 z real & holy1 z 0 ev] celebrat$4 ,i _c ev5 be sure ( be+ ) y 9 ! ,h\se ( ,bi%ops dur+ ! meet+ ( ! ,g5]al ,conv5tion 9 ,octob]4 ,h[ev]1 ,i int5d$ y to h a lett] & set ! #bf? aside = ! writ+ ( x1 b ,i "w sl[ly n[ & its h\rs slipp$ away :ile ,i 0 mak+ notes until only "o 0 left4 ,x 0 sp5t 9 try+ to cond5se all ,i want$ to say 9 ! lett] into a telegram4 ,:at ,i reg>d z ! be/ ( ^! ef=ts 0 tak5 to ! (fice at sev5 p4 m4 on t day3 ,make _w safe = democracy by bani%+ ,gods f sky1 & capitali/s f e>?4 ,"h are f\r ( ! _m o!r ef=ts3 7#a7 ,come ov] & help u4 ,ab&on ,*ri/ian ,socialism = ,m>xian ,communism2 7#b7 ,make _w safe = democracy by turn+ x upside d[n ) work]s above & own]s bel[2 7#c7 ,revolutionize capitalism out ( /ate & or?odoxy out ( *ur*2 7#d7 ,come ov] & help u4 ,ab&on re=matory = revolution>y socialism4 ,:at ,i want$ y to und]/& is t1 9 my judgm5t1 !re c be no deliv]ance = ! _w f ! tr\bles by :i* x is ov]:elm$ s long z !ism holds ! religi\s field & capitalism ! political field4 ,i4 ,religion & politics are ! two halves ( ! sph]e 9 :i* humanity lives1 moves & has its social be+4 ,religion is ! ideal & politics ! practical half ( ?is sph]e4 ,bo? halves naturally exi/ z ! result ( ! same natural law ( necessity3 ! matt]-=ce law :i* makes x necess>y = a man to fe$1 clo! & %elt] 8 body 9 ord] to pres]ve x & its life4 ,m>xian socialism is at once ?is religion & politics1 all !re is ( bo? ( !m :i* is = ! good ( ! _w z a :ole4 ,m>xian socialism is a revolution>y movem5t t[>ds do+ away ) ! exi/+ competitive sy/em = produc+ & di/ribut+ ! basic necessities ( life 7foods1 clo!s & h\ses7 = ! pr(it ( a few p>asites1 & sub/itut+ a sy/em = mak+ & di/ribut+ !m = ! use ( all work]s4 ,s f> "s compet+1 ly+1 robb+1 enslav+ sy/em = ! production & di/ribution ( ^! necessities has be5 ! basis ( e religion & politics--( none m ?an ! ,*ri/ian & ,am]ican1 & !y ) ! re/ h be5 tri$ 9 ! balance ( exp]i5ce & f\nd utt]ly want+4 ,inde$1 !y are mak+ a hell1 n a heav51 ( ! e>? 9 g5]al & ( our c\ntry 9 p>ticul>4 ,*ri/ianism z a religion has collaps$4 ,x promis$ to secure to ! _w peace & good w1 b x has nev] _h m ( /rife & hate4 ,! trem5d\s ,engli%-,g]man 7or if y pref] ,g]man-,engli%7 w> 0 a conflict at arms betwe5 ! mo/ out/&+ among ,*ri/ian nations & x 0 solemnly alleg$ to h be5 f\ght = ! high purpose ( end+ su* conflicts2 b 9 reality x scatt]$ ! hot coals ( w> ?r\gh\t ! _w1 sev]al ( :i* 7 fann$ into blaz+ by its s-call$ peace conf]5ce & o!rs are om9\sly sm\ld]+4 ,am]icanism z a politics has collaps$4 ,x promis$ a classless gov]nm5t ( all ! p1 by all ! p1 = all ! p1 b has in/ead giv5 a gov]nm5t ( a class1 by a class1 = a class4 ,?is class1 compris+ n m ?an "o out ( e t5 ( ! population1 is ! capitali/ class1 :i* owns ! means & ma*9es = ! production ( ! necessities ( life & = _! di/ribution1 a class :i*1 z su*1 ?\gh be>+ no necess>y relation%ip to ei!r "o ( ! bran*es ( ?is bus9ess1 yet realizes enorm\s pr(its f bo?1 pr(its :i* are :olly at ! exp5se ( ! l>ge class1 at lea/ n9e out ( e t51 :i* does all ! "w connect$ ) ! mak+ ( ! ma*9es & ! op]at+ ( !m4 ,?is gov]nm5t 0 to make ! c\ntry safe = democracy by secur+ to x ! privilege ( free spee* & free assemblage1 ! exi/5ce ( an indep5d5t press & ! "r ( appeal = ! r$ress ( grievances2 b our fa!rs did n h any too mu* ( ^! lib]ties1 we h _h less &1 if ! competitive sy/em = ! production & di/ribution ( commodities = ! pr(it ( ! small own+ class is to cont9ue1 our *ildr5 are to h none4 ,inde$1 ?is is already true ( ! ov]:elm+ majority1 ! work+ class4 ,its repres5tatives h little if any real "p 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,!y are completely subject$ to ! rule ( ! own+ class4 ,!re nev] has be5 a body1 m9d & s\l de/roy+ slav]y :i* equal$ !irs1 ei!r z to ! numb] ( m51 wom5 & *ildr5 involv$ 9 x1 or z to ! degrees ( mis]y to :i* x doom$ its victims4 ,nor is ! end yet4 ,! _w w> c]ta9ly has tak5 ,am]ican slav]y out ( ! fry+ pan into ! fire r ?an into ! wat]4 ,am]ican slaves appeal to _! gov]nm5t z ,jewi% slaves appeal$ to "o ( _! k+s = relief & receive ! same answ]1 n 9 words b 9 de$s :i* speak l\d]3 ,?y fa!r made our yoke griev\s2 n[ !re=e make ?\ ! griev\s s]vice ( ?y fa!r1 & 8 heavy yoke :i* he put ^u u1 light]1 & we w s]ve !e4 ,& he said unto !m1 ,dep>t yet = ?ree days1 !n come aga9 to me4 ,& ! p dep>t$4 ,s all ! p came ! ?ird day z ! k+ _h appo9t$ & ! k+ answ]$ !m r\ghly1 say+3 ,my fa!r made y\r yoke heavy1 & ,i w add to y\r yoke3 ,my fa!r also *a/is$ y ) :ips1 b ,i w *a/ise y ) scorpions4 ,s :5 all ,israel saw t ! k+ h>k5$ n unto !m1 ! p answ]$ ! k+1 say+1 ,:at portion h we 9 ,david8 ,z to details hi/ory does n exactly repeat itself &1 !re=e1 ,i d n believe t ! o!r planets ( ! univ]se1 ( :i* no d\bt !re are _m billions1 are inhabit$ by human be+s ( ! same type z ^? ( ! e>?1 nor t its m51 wom5 & *ildr5 are to h _! bodies recon/ruct$ & resurrect$1 aft] !y h be5 dis9tegrat$ by dea?4 ,su* be+s on o!r planets & su* recon/ructions on ?is planet w\ld 9 e case involve a detail$ repetition ( inf9itely num]\s processes ( evolution :i* _h ext5d$ ?r\gh an et]nal pa/4 ,yet 9 e "p ( ! univ]se & ?r\gh\t all et]nity1 l causes ev] h produc$ & ev] %all produce l effect4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! c\rse ( ! ,judean ma/]s t[>ds _! slaves l$ to a successful revolt ( t5 out ( twelve tribes1 !re is e reason = believ+ t ! p>allel c\rse :i* ! ,am]ican ma/]s are pursu+ aga9/ _! slaves w soon] or lat] issue 9 a revolution--a revolution :i* %all d away ) bo? ma/]s & slaves1 leav+ u ) a classless ,am]ica & a gov]nm5t conc]n$ ) ! mak+ ( provisions = enabl+ all ! p :o are able & will+ to "w to supply !mselves 9 abundance ) ! necessities ( life & ) ! mo/ desirable among ! luxuries1 r ?an a gov]nm5t :i* provides t !y :o produce no?+ %all h ! cream & top milk ( e necessity & ! :ole bottle ( e luxury1 leav+ ( ! necessities only ! blue milk = ! produc]s ( !m & ( ! luxuries1 n ev5 ! dregs4 ,"u ?is gov]nm5t ^? :o c b w n "w w be all[$ to />ve !mselves into a bett] m9d & out ( _! laz9ess4 ,! "y & ! old1 ! sick & crippl$ w h _! rightful ma9t5ance f ! /ate & out ( ! be/ ( ev]y?+4 ,! deliv]ance ( ! _w f comm]cial imp]ialism & ! mak+ ( x safe = indu/rial democracy w\ld prev5t mo/ ( its unnecess>y suff]+ & ?is great salvation is above all else dep5d5t ^u a k ( ! tru?4 ,ye %all "k ! tru? & ! tru? %all make y free--free f all ! avoidable ills ( life1 among !m ! diabolical tr9ity ( evils1 w>1 pov]ty & slav]y4 ,! happ9ess ( ! _w w be promot$ 9 ext5t & degree 9 proportion z ! k ( ! tru? is dissem9at$ by a tw(old revelation3 7#a7 ! tru? z x is reveal$ by hi/ory accord+ to ! ,m>xian int]pretation !re(1 a revelation ( ! tru? :i* is sav+ ! _w f ! robb+ impositions ( ! capitali/ic int]pretation ( politics1 & 7#b7 ! tru? z x is reveal$ by nature1 accord+ to ! ,d>w9ian int]pretation !re(1 a revelation :i* is sav+ ! _w f ! robb+ impositions ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion4 ,man has always _h z a basis = 8 ?\ght1 belief & action1 a sy/em = ! production & di/ribution ( ! necessities ( life4 ,?is is ! discov]y ( ,k>l ,m>x :i* is kn[n z ! sci5tific or mat]iali/ic int]pretation ( hi/ory4 ,accord+ to ! sci5tific int]pretation ( hi/ory :i* is taught by naturali/ic socialism1 man is :at he is1 & 8 in/itutions are :at !y are1 because he has f$1 clo!d & h\s$ himself z he has4 ,accord+ to ! traditional int]pretation ( hi/ory1 :i* is taught by sup]naturali/ic ,*ri/ianism1 man is :at he is because ( 8 ?9k+1 believ+ & act+ ) ref]5ce to a revelation ( a god1 z x has be5 int]pret$ by 8 inspir$ repres5tatives1 ! great prophets & /atesm51 l ,isaiah & ,lu!r1 ,moses & ,wa%+ton4 ,p]haps ! be/ pro( ( ! correctness ( ! sci5tific or naturali/ic explanation ( ! c>e] ( man & ( ! incorrectness ( ! traditional or sup]naturali/ic "o is af=d$ by ! hi/ory ( morals1 ! s\l ( bo? religion & politics1 )\t :i* nei!r c\ld h any exi/5ce4 ,be=e ! discov]y ( ! art ( agriculture1 man 0 dep5d5t = 8 food ^u fruits & nuts1 game & fi%4 ,:5 ^! s\rces ( su/5ance fail$1 ! tribes liv+ 9 ! same neighborhood f\ght ) ea* o!r 9 ord] t ! victori\s might eat ! vanqui%$4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod cannibalism 0 morally "r1 & x probably ext5d$ ?r\gh at lea/ two hundr$ ?\s& ye>s1 ev5 into ! ,old ,te/am5t times4 ,s righte\s & holy 0 x t1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ! victims 7 recogniz$ z savi\r gods & ! dr9k+ ( _! blood & eat+ ( _! fle% con/itut$ a ,"l's ,supp] 9 :i* ! god 0 eat54 ,cannibalism is ! basis ( our sacram5t ( ! holy communion ( bread & w9e4 ,z a connect+ l9k betwe5 ^! extremes !re 0 ! =m ( communion :i* consi/$ 9 ! eat+ ( animal sacrifices4 ,by a sacram5t ) su* an orig91 y & ,i r5d] our highe/ act ( wor%ip1 ?\gh y\rs is /ill direct$ t[>ds "o among ! sup]naturali/ic div9ities & m9e is n[ direct$ t[>ds humanity4 ,y say ( a div9ity3 ,?\1 ,"l1 ha/ made me aft] ?9e own image & my he>t _c be at re/ until ,i f9d re/ 9 !e4 ,i say ( humanity3 ,?\1 ,"l1 ha/ made me aft] ?9e own image & my he>t _c be at re/ until x f9d re/ 9 !e4 ,)9 ! social realm humanity is my new div9ity1 & y\r div9ity 7my old "o7 is a symbol ( x1 or else1 s ,i ?9k1 he is at be/ a fiction & at wor/ a sup]/ition4 ,y w be surpris$1 & ,i d n expect y to und]/& me1 :5 ,i tell y t by translat+ ! s]vices & hymns f ! language ( my old lit]alism into t ( my new symbolism1 ,i am gett+ z mu* good out ( !m z ev] & inde$ m4 ,i love ! s]vices1 especially t great "o1 ! ,holy ,communion1 & ! hymns1 especially ^? great ones1 ,guide ,me ,o ,?\ ,great ,jehovah2 ,lead1 ,k9dly ,light2 ,abide ,) ,me2 & ,jesus1 ,lov] ( ,my ,s\l4 ,my exp]i5ce has conv9c$ me t ! s5tim5tal & poetical elem5ts 9 religion1 to :i* ,i atta* z mu* importance z ev]1 are z readily excit$ & securely su/a9$ by fix+ ?\ght & sympa?y ^u ! m>tyr$ human savior1 ! work+ class1 z ^u a crucifi$ div9e savi\r1 :o aft] all1 z ! suff]+ son ( ,god1 is b a symbol ( ! suff]+ sons & daught]s ( man1 ! work]s1 f :om all good ?+s come4 ,if grace at d9n] means any?+1 x is address$ to a god :o is ! symbol ( ! _m work]s :o did ! innum]able ?+s necess>y to ! produc+ & s]v+ ( x1 )\t :om !re w\ld be no?+ ( all ! good ?+s on ! table4 ,9 ! repres5tation ab\t my pleasure 9 ! s]vices ( ! *ur* & _! value to me1 & 9 _m repres5tations scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ?is lett]1 ,i h 9 m9d ! "q ( an unansw]$ lett] ( y\rs1 be>+ date1 ,febru>y #be?1 #aiai1 ! "o 9 :i* y ask1 9 effect1 by :at "r a man c rema9 9 an in/itution aft] he has1 z ,i h1 ab&on$ its *ief doctr9es & aims z !y are au?oritatively int]pret$4 ,! "r ( revolution is ! "o by :i* ,i ju/ify my c\rse1 & surely no consi/5t ,prote/ant ,*ri/ian or ,am]ican citiz5 w d\bt ! solidity ( ?is gr\nd2 = ,prote/antism & ,am]icanism _h _! orig9 9 revolutions4 ,our national decl>ation ( indep5d5ce conta9s ?is fam\s ju/ification ( political revolutions1 & x is equally applicable to religi\s ones1 = religion & politics are b ! ideal & practical halves ( ! same social reality3 ,we hold ^! tru?s to be self-evid5t1 t all m5 are creat$ equal2 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights2 t among ^!1 are life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,t to secure ^! rights1 gov]nm5ts are in/itut$ among m51 d]iv+ _! j p[]s f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$3 t1 :5ev] any =m ( gov]nm5t becomes de/ructive ( ^! ends1 x is ! "r ( ! p to alt] or to aboli% x1 & to in/itute a new gov]nm5t1 lay+ its f\ndation on su* pr9ciples1 & organiz+ its p[]s 9 su* =m1 z to !m %all seem mo/ likely to effect _! safety & happ9ess4 ,prud5ce1 inde$1 w dictate t gov]nm5ts long e/abli%$1 %\ld n be *ang$ = light & transi5t causes2 &1 accord+ly1 all exp]i5ce ha? %[n1 t mank9d are m dispos$ to suff]1 :ile evils are suff]able1 ?an to "r !mselves by aboli%+ ! =ms to :i* !y are accu/om$4 ,b1 :5 a long tra9 ( abuses & usurpations1 pursu+ inv>iably ! same object1 ev9ces a design to r$uce !m "u absolute despotism1 x is _! "r--& x is _! duty--to ?r[ (f su* gov]nm5t1 & to provide new gu>ds = _! security4 ,jesus 0 no?+ if he 0 n a revolutioni/4 ,anyh[1 8 alleg$ "m is au?oritatively repres5t$ z believ+ him to h be5 =eorda9$ z "o1 = ?is song is put into h] m\?3 ,he ha? %[$ /r5g? ) 8 arm3 he ha? scatt]$ ! pr\d 9 ! imag9ation ( _! he>ts4 ,he ha? put d[n ! mighty f _! seat3 & ha? exalt$ ! humble & meek4 ,he ha? fill$ ! hungry ) good ?+s3 & ! ri* he ha? s5t empty away4 ,?is ,*ri/ian socialism1 l ,bol%evik socialism1 turns ! idle ri* empty away2 b1 :]eas ! ,*ri/ian gives !m no *ance to get any?+ to eat1 ! ,bol%evik all[s !m to h z mu* z ! poor1 if !y w "w z h>d4 ,assum+ = ! sake ( argum5t1 t !re may h be5 an hi/orical ,jesus :o taught "s ( ! doctr9es1 9 accordance ) ! repres5tations ( ! gospel1 :i* are attribut$ to him1 ,i am nev]!less ju/ifi$ 9 claim+ t he 0 q z h]etical t\*+ ! fai? ( or?odox ,judaism z ,i am t\*+ t ( or?odox ,*ri/ianism4 ,z to ! ,jewi% fai? he said1 9 effect1 ( himself :at ,i say ( myself3 ,i h all ( ! pot5tialities ( my own life )9 myself4 ,i & my god are "o4 ,he dwells 9 me & ,i 9 him1 & we are on ! e>?1 n 9 ! sky4 ,z to ! ,jewi% *ur* & /ate1 ,jesus taught t !y _h become utt]ly antiquat$ & t x 0 ! mission ( himself & disciples to e/abli% a new heav51 t is to remodel ! *ur*2 & a new e>?1 t is1 to remodel ! /ate2 bo? remodel+s be+ ) ref]5ce to ! s]vice ( humanity by enlight5+ its d>kness & alleviat+ its mis]y "h & n[1 r ?an tea*+ x to look = light & happ9ess else:]e & else:54,e ,z = ! fai? & *ur* ( or?odox ,*ri/ianism !re is no reason = believ+ t he w\ld be any m loyal to ei!r ?an am ,i4 ,8 loyalty 0 to ! tru? & to ! prolet>ian1 & !y 7?is fai? & *ur*7 are disloyal to bo?1 be+ ev] on ! side ( tradition aga9/ sci5ce1 & on ! side ( ! own] aga9/ ! work]4 ,jesus rema9$ 9 ! ,jewi% *ur*1 9 spite ( 8 _m & great h]esies1 until he 0 put out by dea?4 ,my cont5tion is t 9 view ( ?is example1 :e!r x be1 z y ?9k1 ( an hi/orical or1 z ,i ?9k1 ( a dramatic "*1 !re is no reason :y ,i %\ld volunt>ily g out ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,religion 9 g5]al & ,*ri/ianity 9 p>ticul> are no?+ unless !y are embodim5ts ( morality1 & morality does n consi/ 9 pr(essions ( belief 9 a god & 8 revelations z !y are record$ 9 a bible & cond5s$ 9 a cre$1 b 9 a desire & ef=t to acquire a k ( ! laws ( nature 9 ord] t1 by con=mity to !m1 life may be made long] & happi]4 ,:5 ?is desire exi/s & ?is ef=t is made ) ref]5ce to "o's own self1 !y con/itute morality2 :5 ) ref]5ce to "o's own family & associates1 !y con/itute religion1 & :5 ) ref]5ce to all o!rs ( contempor>y & future g5]ations1 !y con/itute ,*ri/ianity4 ,b 9 mak+ su* di/9ctions ! fact %\ld n be lo/ sight ( t at bottom !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 morality1 religion & ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y are synonyms = ! same virtues1 ! desire & ef=t to "k & live ! tru? z x is reveal$ 9 ! do+s ( nature4 ,!re are no o!r revelations ( ! tru?1 nor is !re any o!r morality1 religion or ,*ri/ianity4 ,socialism is = me ! "o compreh5sive t]m :i* is a synonym at once ( morality1 religion & ,*ri/ianity4 ,m>xian & ,bol%evikian socialism are two halves ( "o ?+1 ! !oretical half & ! practical half4 ,m>xism is socialism 9 !ory4 ,bol%evism is 7p]haps imp]fectly z yet7 socialism 9 practice4 ,z long z gods dom9ate ! sky & capitali/s prevail ^u ! e>?1 ! _w w be safe = comm]cial imp]ialism1 hav+ a small heav5 = ! few ri* ma/]s & a l>ge hell = ! _m poor slaves4 ,come ov] & help u make ! _w safe = indu/rial democracy by bani%+ ! p]sonal1 consci\s gods f ! sky & ! ly+1 robb+ capitali/s f ! e>?4 ,b 9 com+ !re is no ne$ = leav+ y\r *ur* any m ?an !re is = leav+ y\r /ate4 ,dur+ ! %ort "t :i* is = me1 be=e ! night come? 9 :i* no man c "w1 ,i %all rema9 9 bo? z long z ! p[]s t be all[ x1 & d :at little ,i c to revolutionize !m--revolutionize ! *ur* into a s*ool = ! tea*+ ( tru? in/ead ( lies1 & revolutionize ! /ate into a hive = ! mak+ ( commodities = ! use ( all in/ead ( = ! pr(it ( a few4 ,9 do+ ?is ,i %all be foll[+ 9 ! v foot/eps ( ! human ,jesus4 ,aft] x 0 discov]$ t ! gr\nd1 by plant+ & cultivat+1 w\ld produce ! necessities ( life1 :5 a tribe f\nd t x _h too little ( x = its gr[+ population1 x w\ld g to w> ) ! weak] among adjac5t tribes = ! purpose ( secur+ its t]ritory2 b f ?is on ! vanqui%$ 7 n eat51 & x 0 morally wrong to eat !m4 ,!y 7 kept alive & put to "w at rais+ h>ve/s = _! conqu]ors1 h5ce arose ! in/itution ( slav]y1 & h5ce its moral rightness ev5 9 ?is c\ntry ( ! free1 d[n to ! beg9n+ ( ! g5]ation to :i* ,i belong4 ,h[ev]1 human slav]y has nev] end$1 nor w x ev] end :ile ! competitive sy/em = ! production ( ! necessities ( life = pr(it r ?an use cont9ues4 ,human slav]y is1 s to speak1 ! basic +r$i5t ( ?is sy/em4 ,speak+ broadly1 !re h be5 ?ree =ms ( human slav]y--! *attel1 feudal & wage slav]ies--! ?ird mu* worse ?an ! fir/1 & ! second int]m$i>y betwe5 !m4 ,! *attel slave1 z ! adjective signifies1 0 ! prop]ty ( 8 ma/]1 z mu* s z 7 ! horse or ! mule ) :i* he work$1 & he 0 c>$ = 9 mu* ! same way & = ab\t ! same reason4 ,! feudal slave 0 z really a *attel z 0 8 pr$ecessor1 only he _h to look out = himself to a great] ext5t2 &1 m 0 expect$ f him ( accompli%m5t = ! opul5ce & glory ( ! ma/]1 especially ins(> z ^! dep5d$ ^u ! success ( 8 w>s4 ,! wage slave is1 likewise1 z really own$ by 8 ma/] z 0 ! *attel or ! feudal slave2 b1 if ! ma/] has no ne$ = 8 s]vice1 he is altoge!r d[n & out1 z ! feudal slave 0 n & /ill less ! *attel1 & he has accompli%$ at lea/ t5 times m = 8 ma/] ?an did ei!r ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,s f> man has produc$ & di/ribut$ ! necessities ( life by a competitive sy/em4 ,! exi/+ =m ( ?is competition is kn[n z capitalism4 ,x has supplant$1 or at lea/ ov]%ad[$1 e o!r =m & is1 s to speak1 mon>* ( all x surveys4 ,! sy/em z x n[ /&s divides ! _w into two sph]es--a small "o1 9 :i* a few live surfeit+ly by own+1 & a l>ge "o1 9 :i* ! _m live />v+ly by work+2 &1 yet1 ultimately1 absolutely ev]y?+ = bo? dep5ds ^u ! work] & no?+ at all on ! own]4 ,yes1 ! work] is indisp5sable to ! own]1 z mu* s z 7to use ! classical illu/ration7 ! dog to ! flea2 b ! own] is no m indisp5sable to ! work] ?an a flea to a dog4 ,z dogs w\ld be mu* bett] (f )\t fleas1 s w\ld work]s )\t own]s4 ,! discov]y t ! it* is caus$ by a p>asite 0 ( an epo* mak+ "* because x l$ to ! discov]y t _m1 if n mo/ ( ! diseases by :i* mank9d & also animal k9d are afflict$ are ( a p>asitical "*4 ,?is is z true ( ! social organism z ( ! physical4 ,capitalism is ! tape worm ( society4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! ma/] & slave classes inevitably gives rise to f\r /ruggles3 7#a7 ! /ruggle ( ! slaves ) ! ma/] = bett] conditions1 issu+ 9 rebellions2 7#b7 ! /ruggle betwe5 ma/]s = advantages 9 m>kets1 issu+ 9 w>s2 7#c7 ! /ruggle betwe5 ! slaves = jobs1 issu+ 9 a body & s\l de/roy+ pov]ty2 & 7#d7 ! /ruggle ( ! slaves ) ! ma/] = a rev]sal ( conditions1 issu+ 9 revolutions4 ,all ?is /ruggl+ betwe5 ! classes & )9 !m t5ds t[>ds two results ) bo? classes4 ,9 ! case ( ! ma/] class1 ^! results are ! mak+ ( ! ri* few] & ! rema9+ few ri*]4 ,9 ! case ( ! slave class1 ^! results are ! mak+ ( ! mis]able poor m num]\s & all less happy4 ,:ile capitalism /&s1 all talk ab\t peace on e>? & good w among m5 w be s mu* hypocrisy2 =1 until x falls1 ! _w w be divid$ into ! slave & ma/] classes & ^! f\r cont5tions ) ^! results w cont9ue to fill x ) hatr$ & /rife4 ,,ii4 ,! ov]?r[ ( capitalism 9 ,russia is ! greate/ ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w & x has conv]t$ ,int]national ,socialism 7! ,m>xian revolution>y k9d7 f a !ory into a condition4 ,!ories come & g4 ,conditions rema9 & "w4 ,f ?is on revolution>y socialism w be work+1 night & day1 ) might & ma91 "h & !re1 ev]y:5 & ev]y:]e1 & its ?ree h]culean tasks are3 7#a7 to de?rone ! great imp]iali/1 competitive capitalism2 7#b7 to en?rone ! great democrat1 co-op]ative indu/rialism2 & 7#c7 to make ! _w safe = an indu/rial classless democracy4 ,9 less ?an ?ree ye>s revolution>y socialism 9 ,russia has accompli%$ m ( ^! ?ree tasks = ! _w1 ?an all ! /ates & all ! *ur*es ) all _! w>s h done 9 ! :ole c\rse ( man's c>e]1 ext5d+ ?r\gh at lea/ two hundr$ ?\s& ye>s4 ,inde$ !y nev] did any?+ to ^! ends4 ,on ! contr>y1 :at progress has be5 made t[>ds !m 0 made 9 spite ( _! /r5u\s opposition at e /ep4 ,revolution>y socialism is a _w movem5t t[>ds ! deliv]ance ( ! produc+ slave f ! non-produc+ ma/] :o has robb$ him ( ! fruits ( 8 toil & left him half dead on ! wayside--! only effective movem5t to ?is humanit>ian end4 ,revolution>y socialism is ! ,good ,sam>itan ( ! despoil$ & w\nd$ labor]4 ,! re=matory k9ds ( socialism are s _m prie/s & ,levites :o pass by on ! o!r side4 ,( no re=matory socialism is ?is m true ?an ( ! ,*ri/ian k9d4 ,*ri/ian socialism is absolutely wor?less1 & its utt] wor?lessness is due to ! ess5tially p>asitic "* ( sup]naturali/ic or or?odox ,*ri/ianity4 ,until ! re=mation1 ,*ri/ianity 0 dom9at$ by monks--p>asites :o liv$ by begg+1 ly+1 & p]secut+2 & s9ce !n by capitali/s--p>asites :o live by robb+1 ly+ & w>r+4 ,monks & capitali/s h ?is 9 common1 t !y are natives ( ! realm ( p>asitism4 ,we %all nev] h peace on e>? & good w among m5 until we h a p>asiteless humanity1 & we mu/ wait = ?is until we h a classless _w4 ,p>asitism is a boon companion ( classism4 ,nor c ! e>? ev] be rid ( its p>asites until ! cele/ial _w is rid ( ! class gods :i* capitali/s h made 9 _! own image & lik5ess1 nor until ! t]re/rial _w is rid ( ! class /ates & codes1 *ur*es & gospels :i* _! respective class k+s or presid5ts & _! class prie/s or prea*]s h _h ! gods ( _! mak+ impose ^u ?is _w1 9 accordance ) _! int]e/s & 9 ! fur!rance ( _! ly+1 robb+1 w>r+ s*emes = ! promotion ( !m4 ,nei!r capitalism nor ,*ri/ianism is any?+ except ins(> z x is a sy/em ( p>asitism & z p>asitic sy/ems !y h /rik+ resemblances1 ne>ly z _m & close z indi/+ui%able tw9s4 ,bo? h gods1 *ur*es & prie/hoods & ^! are 9 ea* case no?+ b symbols4 ,h[ev]1 ! god ( capitalism1 ?\gh only a symbol1 is nev]!less real gold1 bel[ a real vault1 & ne>ly all ! _w s9c]ely wor%ips x4 ,b ! god ( ,*ri/ianism1 ?\gh none ! less symbolic1 b r m s1 is an unreal imag9>y _s1 a magnifi$ man )\t a body1 above an imag9>y vault1 & only a v small "p ( ! _w s9c]ely wor%ips him4 ,int]national socialism ( ! ,m>xian or ,russian type1 is = ^? :o />v+ly live by work+1 ! mo/ uplift+ ?+ 9 ! _w1 & = ^? :o surfeit+ly live by own+1 x is ! mo/ depress+ ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,wise p consid] !ories )\t los+ too mu*1 if any1 sleep on _! acc\nt1 b !y /udy conditions & lie awake nights ov] !m4 ,millions ( wise ,am]icans h1 9 ! pa/1 be5 /udy+ socialism z a !ory b1 9 ! future1 !y w /udy x z a condition1 9 ! only way by :i* x c rightly & adequately be /udi$--! way ( read+ its (ficial docum5ts1 accr$it$ p]iodicals & books4 ,( all su*1 ! mo/ notable is ! ,communi/ ,manife/o by ,m>x & ,engels4 ,?is ,manife/o is ! ,m>xian gospel4 ,i read two pages 9 x e day z fai?fully z ev] ,i read a *apt] 9 ! ,jesu9e gospel1 & ) mu* great] pr(it2 =1 :]eas ! gospel ( ,m>x is exclusively conc]n$ ) ?is t]re/rial _w1 ab\t :i* ,i "k mu* & = :i* ,i c d a little1 ! gospel ( ,jesus is z exclusively conc]n$ ) a cele/ial _w1 ab\t :i* ,i "k no?+ & = :i* ,i _c d ! lea/4 ,"h1 z a sample ( ?is gospel1 ,i give half ( ye/]day's read+ & mo/ ( today's3 ,! imm$iate aim ( ! ,communi/s 7,sociali/s7 is ! same z t ( all ! o!r prolet>ian p>ties2 =mation ( ! prolet>iat into a class1 ov]?r[ ( ! b\rgeois supremacy1 conque/ ( political p[] by ! prolet>iat4 ,! !oretical conclusions ( ! ,communi/s are 9 no way bas$ on ideas or pr9ciples t h be5 inv5t$1 or discov]$1 by ?is or t w\ld-be univ]sal re=m]4 ,!y m]ely express1 9 g5]al t]ms1 actual relations spr++ f an exi/+ class /ruggle1 f a hi/orical movem5t go+ on "u our v eyes4 ,! abolition ( exi/+ prop]ty relations is n at all a di/9ctive feature ( ,communism4 ,all prop]ty relations 9 ! pa/ h cont9ually be5 subject to hi/orical *ange consequ5t ^u ! *ange 9 hi/orical conditions4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution1 = example1 aboli%$ feudal prop]ty 9 favor ( b\rgeois prop]ty4 ,! di/+ui%+ feature ( ,communism is n ! abolition ( prop]ty g5]ally1 b ! abolition ( b\rgeois prop]ty4 ,b mod]n b\rgeois private prop]ty is ! f9al & mo/ complete expression ( ! sy/em ( produc+ & appropriat+ products1 t is bas$ on class antagonism1 on ! exploitation ( ! _m by ! few4 ,9 ?is s5se1 ! !ory ( ! ,communi/s may be summ$ up 9 ! s+le s5t5ce3 ,abolition ( private prop]ty4 ,we ,communi/s h be5 reproa*$ ) ! desire ( aboli%+ ! "r ( p]sonally acquir+ prop]ty z ! fruit ( a man's own labor1 :i* prop]ty is alleg$ to be ! gr\ndwork ( all p]sonal fre$om1 activity & indep5d5ce4 ,h>d-won1 self-acquir$1 self-e>n$ prop]ty6 ,d y mean ! prop]ty ( ! petty artisan & ( ! small peasant1 a =m ( prop]ty t prec$$ ! b\rgeois =m8 ,!re is no ne$ to aboli% t2 ! developm5t ( indu/ry has1 to a great ext5t1 already de/roy$ x1 & is /ill de/roy+ x daily4 ,or d y mean mod]n b\rgeois private prop]ty8 ,b does wage-labor create any prop]ty = ! labor]8 ,n a bit4 ,x creates capital1 i4 e41 t k9d ( prop]ty :i* exploits wage-labor1 & :i* _c increase except ^u condition ( gett+ a new supply ( wage-labor = fre% exploitation4 ,prop]ty1 9 its pres5t =m1 is bas$ on ! antagonism ( capital & wage-labor4 ,let u exam9e bo? sides ( ?is antagonism4 ,to be a capitali/1 is to h n only a purely p]sonal1 b a social /atus 9 production4 ,capital is a collective product1 & only by ! unit$ action ( _m memb]s1 nay1 9 ! la/ resort1 only by ! unit$ action ( all memb]s ( society1 c x be set 9 motion4 ,capital is !re=e n a p]sonal1 x is a social p[]4 ,:51 !re=e1 capital is conv]t$ into common prop]ty1 into ! prop]ty ( all memb]s ( society1 p]sonal prop]ty is n !reby trans=m$ into social prop]ty4 ,x is only ! social "* ( ! prop]ty t is *ang$4 ,x loses its class-"*4 ,let u n[ take wage-labor3 ,! av]age price ( wage-labor is ! m9imum wage1 i4 e41 t quantum ( ! means ( subsi/5ce1 :i* is absolutely requisite to keep ! labor] 9 b>e exi/5ce1 z 8 labor m]ely suffices to prolong & reproduce a b>e exi/5ce4 ,we by no means int5d to aboli% ?is p]sonal appropriation ( ! products ( labor1 an appropriation t is made = ! ma9t5ance & reproduction ( human life1 & t leaves no surplus :]e) to comm& ! labor ( o!rs4 ,all t we want to d away ) is ! mis]able "* ( ?is appropriation1 "u :i* ! labor] lives m]ely to increase capital1 & is all[$ to live only ins(> z ! int]e/ ( ! rul+ class requires x4 ,9 b\rgeois society1 liv+ labor is b a means to increase accumulat$ labor4 ,9 ,communi/ society1 accumulat$ labor is b a means to wid51 to enri*1 to promote ! exi/5ce ( ! labor]4 ,9 b\rgeois society1 !re=e1 ! pa/ dom9ates ! pres5t2 9 ,communi/ society1 ! pres5t dom9ates ! pa/4 ,9 b\rgeois society capital is indep5d5t & has individuality1 :ile ! liv+ p]son is dep5d5t & has no individuality4 ,& ! abolition ( ?is /ate ( ?+s is call$ by ! b\rgeois1 abolition ( individuality & fre$om6 ,& rightly s4 ,! abolition ( b\rgeois individuality1 b\rgeois indep5d5ce1 & b\rgeois fre$om is und\bt$ly aim$ at4 ,! v]sion ( ! ,m>xian gospel :i* we h 9 ! ,manife/o is among ! fir/ ( its v]sions4 ,x 0 publi%$ ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,)9 ! %ort p]iod :i* has int]v5$1 x has *ang$ ne>ly all ( ! ideas ( a l>ge & rapidly gr[+ "p ( e nation ab\t almo/ ev]y?+ social2 & be=e ! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury1 x w revolutionize all nations z x has ,russia4 ,lud5dorff1 ! greate/ among ! milit>y au?orities 9 ,g]many1 saw & t]ribly fe>$ ?is1 & call$ ,europe to arms to prev5t x4 ,9 8 almo/ frantic appeal he said3 ,bol%evism is advanc+ n[ & 9 a gradual progress f ea/ to we/ & is cru%+ ev]y?+ betwe5 ! midl& sea & ! ,atlantic ocean4 ,x 0 easy to =esee t ! ,bol%evi/ armies w\ld attack t[>d ! middle ( ,may & defeat ! ,poles1 z !y h n[ done4 ,! _w at l>ge mu/1 !re=e1 figure ) a ,bol%evi/ advance 9 ,pol& t[>d ,b]l9 & ,prague4 ,pol&'s fall w entail ! fall ( ,g]many & ,cze*o-,slovakia4 ,_! neighbors to ! nor? & s\? w foll[4 ,fate /eps along ) elem5t>y =ce4 ,let no "o believe x w come to a /& )\t envelop+ ,italy1 ,france & ,engl&4 ,n ev5 ! ,sev5 ,seas c /op x4 ,"u ! capitali/ sy/em mo/ p are & mu/ cont9ue to be slaves4 ,if y are a slave 7all wage e>n]s1 z su*1 are slaves7 ! sociali/ lit]ature1 ! greate/ ( all lit]atures1 w ?rill y ) ! hope ( lib]ty4 ,read1 note & inw>dly dige/ x4 ,no wage e>n] :o does ?is w ev] aga9 vote ei!r ! ,democratic or ! ,republican ticket4 ,z a :ole ?is lit]ature is a brilliantly illum9at+ & almo/ resi/lessly p]suasive explanation ( ! mo/ sane1 ! mo/ salut>y & )al ! mo/ promis+ movem5t t[>ds ! free+ ( all toil+ m51 wom5 & *ildr5 7n9e ( e t57 f _! body & s\l de/roy+ slav]y4 ,bo? ,socrates & ,jesus are record$ z tea*+ t ! savi\r ( ! _w is tru?4 ,among sav+ tru?s 7!re is no tru? )\t "s sav+ efficacy7 ! greate/ is ! "o :i* 0 discov]$ & =mulat$ concurr5tly by ,k>l ,m>x & ,fr$]ick ,engels & x is 9 sub/ance ?is3 all :i* makes = ! good ( mank9d ultimately dep5ds :olly ^u ! labori\s con/ructors & op]ators ( ! ma*9es = ! cultivation1 production & di/ribution ( ! necessities ( life1 n at all ^u ! own]s ( ^! ma*9es1 :o at be/ are idl]s & at wor/ s*em]s1 & 9 any case p>asites4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ,"w4 ,all ?+s 7 made by x2 & )\t x 0 n any?+ made t 0 made4 ,9 x 0 life2 & ! life 0 ! light ( m54 ,! op5+ v]ses ( ! gospel accord+ to ,john h be5 ?us int]pret$4 ,! comm5tator ackn[l$ges t !y d n read s n[1 b cont5ds = good & suffici5t reasons1 t1 if !re ev] 0 any tru? 9 !m1 some?+ to ?is effect mu/ h be5 _! orig9al read+4 ,c]ta9ly !re is no tru? 9 !m z !y h come d[n to u4 ,?is repres5tation to ! effect t productive labor is ! savi\r ( ! _w1 its real god1 ! div9ity 9 :i* we live1 move & h our be+1 is ! great tru?1 ! gospel ( ,int]national ,socialism1 ! greate/ ( all movem5ts1 ! movem5t :i* c>ries ! only rational hope = ! free+ ( mank9d f all its unnecess>y suff]+--& ! mo/ poignant suff]+s1 ^? impos$ by ! great tr9ity ( evils3 7w>1 pov]ty & slav]y7 are n necess>y4 ,capitalism & ,*ri/ianism are alike n only 9 hav+ gods :i* are symbols1 b also 9 hav+ great build+s set ap>t = ! wor%ipp+ ( !m4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! god bel[ ! vault wor%ip him 9 banks "u ! lead]%ip ( a ?reefold m9i/ry3 presid5ts1 ca%i]s & bookkeep]s4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! god above ! vault wor%ip him 9 *ur*es "u ! lead]%ip ( a ?reefold m9i/ry3 bi%ops1 prie/s & deacons4 ,speak+ p>ticul>ly ( ,*ri/ianity & ,am]ica ! tr\ble is n at all ) our ,bro!r ,jesus & ,uncle ,sam div9ities1 b :olly ) :at !y symbolize1 capitalism--! god ( li>s1 robb]s & w>riors4 ,:at our ,bro!r ,jesus & ,uncle ,sam %\ld alike symbolize are ! classless div9ities3 7#a7 law1 ! k+ ( ! physical realm1 & 7#b7 tru?1 ! que5 ( ! moral realm4 ,law is :at nature does4 ,!re is no o!r law1 & ?is law is ! god ( ! physical realm4 ,! gods ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion 7,jesus1 ,jehovah1 ,allah1 ,buddha1 & all ! re/7 are p]sonifications1 or symbols1 ( ?is god1 or else !y are sup]/itions4 ,?is repres5tation is prov$ 9 practice to be true1 on ! "o h&1 by ! fact t no "o ne$s to live ) ref]5ce to any among ^? gods1 n ev5 ! god1 ,jesus2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 by ! fact t none :o fail to live ) ref]5ce to ?is god1 law1 lives at all4 ,e act ( nature1 t is1 e physical & psy*ical ph5om5on :i* ent]s into ! con/itution ( ! univ]se1 is a ^w ( ! revelation ( ?is god1 & !re is no o!r revelation4 ,all m5 mu/ con/antly live ) ref]5ce to x or else imm$iately die4 ,tru? is ! int]pretation ( ?is law 9 ! light ( human exp]i5ce1 reason & inve/igation ) ! view ( mak+ human life1 t ( self & ( all :o come or c be br\ght )9 ! range ( "o's influ5ce1 z long & happy z possible4 ,any "o :o desires & endeavors rightly to le>n1 int]pret & live ?is law to ^! ends is moral4 ,9 ev]y?+ is he :olly good & 9 no?+ at all bad4 ,religion is n any?+ good1 except only z x is a synonym ( su* morality1 & ?is is equally true ( politics4 ,w> %ort5s mu* life & fills m ) mis]y1 h5ce x is utt]ly immoral1 & ?is is equally true ( pov]ty & slav]y4 ,9 :at ,i say "h & 9 "s o!r places ab\t w> be+ ess5tially evil1 ! w>s ref]r$ to are ^? by :i* ! _w has be5 curs$ ?r\gh all ! ages--w>s betwe5 diff]5t gr\ps ( own]s ) conflict+ int]e/s1 n ! w> betwe5 own]s & work]s :i* is n[ on4 ,?is w> w bless1 n curse1 ! _w1 because x is = ! emancipation ( ! slave class1 n = ! enri*m5t ( "o gr\p ( ! ma/]s at ! exp5se ( ano!r gr\p1 at ! co/ ( increas$ mis]y to all ! slaves on bo? sides4 ,if !re is any tru? 9 ! repres5tation t real religion & real politics alike consi/ 9 desir+ & endeavor+ to make t]re/rial life 7!re is no cele/ial life ( :i* aught is kn[n7 long & happy1 ! advocate ( w> is ! wor/ ( h]etics aga9/ ,*ri/ianism & ! wor/ ( traitors aga9/ ,am]icanism4 ,w> is a necess>y *>act]i/ic ( vegetables & animals1 because !y _c make & op]ate ma*9es = ! supply+ ( _! ne$s4 ,peace is ! necess>y *>act]i/ic ( humans1 because !y c make & op]ate ma*9es = ! supply+ ( _! ne$s4 ,w>s betwe5 capitali/s are inevitabilities1 z mu* s z ! w>s betwe5 two hungry dogs1 :5 "o has a bone ^u :i* ! lives ( bo? dep5d4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 capitali/s & dogs is1 t dogs d _! own fight+1 :]eas capitali/s fir/ rob ! labor]s :o produce _! commodities1 & !n p]suade or compel !m to fight _! battles ) fell[ capitali/s 9 _! competitive ef=ts to di/ribute !m4 ,on ! "o h& x is true t a few capitali/s d lose money 9 w>s1 & /ill few] _! lives1 b on ! o!r h& x is equally true t ! majority ( !m are made ri*] & t produc+ & di/ribut+ labor]s ultimately be> e c5t ( ! enorm\s f9ancial burd51 & t = e ma*9e own+ ma/] :o is kill$ or w\nd$ !re are a hundr$ wage e>n+ slaves4 ,yet nei!r ! mak+ nor op]at+ ( ma*9es con/itutes a man a human4 ,x is co-op]ation :i* does ?is4 ,nor w co-op]ation 9 itself suffice4 ,bees & ants co-op]ate & ev5 capitali/s d s1 yet ) all _! co-op]at+ bees & ants rema9 animals & s d capitali/s4 ,! co-op]ation :i* conv]ts animals into humans is ! "o :i* is purposely inaugurat$ & su/a9$ ) ! view ( secur+ to ea* "o ! fruits ( 8 labor :ile at ! same "t increas+ !m = all--t delib]ate co-op]ation :i* consi/s 9 consci\s liv+1 lett+ live & help+ to live4 ,x is ?is co-op]ation :i* con/itutes ! mo/ ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! animal & ! human4 ,only animalism c exi/ & fl\ri% on a competitive basis1 yet ?is is ! basis ^u :i* m5 :o falsely claim to be humans are liv+4 ,until mank9d beg9s ! con/ruction ( a civilization on a f\ndation ( co-op]ation 9 ! production & di/ribution ( ! necessities ( life1 x %\ld n set up a claim to humanism = itself1 because meantime x _c su/a9 su* a claim4 ,x is p]fectly natural & absolutely necess>y = dogs to h bellig]5t cont5tions = bones1 because !y _c peacefully co-op]ate 9 ! mak+ ( !m2 & yet m5 :o c d ?is are m fi]ce by f> 9 _! competitive /ruggles = ! bones :i* are necessities to _! lives4 ,revolution>y sociali/s ( ! ,m>xian or ,bol%evikian type (f] ! only solution ( ! two great que/ions ( ! _w at ?is "t3 7#a7 h[ to save x f its int]mitt5t & less] hell ( suff]+ by ! bloody w>s betwe5 rival sets ( capitali/s1 & 7#b7 h[ to save x f its p]petual & great] hell ( suff]+ by ! bloodless w>s betwe5 ! ma*9e own+ ma/]s & ! ma*9e op]at+ slaves1 :i* w>s1 if less excruciat+1 are yet m de/ructive ( bo? life & happ9ess4 #a4 ,z to ! bloody w>s1 a league ( nations c\ld prev5t !m only :ile ! dogs are sleep+ (f _! exhau/ion4 ,nor c\ld gov]nm5t own]%ip be dep5d$ ^u = protection4 ,x w\ld increase ! armies & navies1 mak+ x next to impossible t m ?an a decade or two %\ld pass be=e our *ildr5 mu/ suff] z mu* z1 or m ?an1 we h by ! rec5t w> betwe5 ! bull dog & ! blood h\nd4 ,we are n at all indebt$ to ! victory ( ! bull dog 7,engl&7 ov] ! blood h\nd 7,g]many7 = :at we h 9 ! way ( a gu>antee aga9/ future w>s1 b :olly to ! presumption ( ! ,newf\ndl& dog 7,russia7 :i* has quietly walk$ (f ) ! bone ( cont5tion :ile ! bellig]5ts 7 scrapp+ ov] x4 ,not)/&+ all appe>ances & impressions to ! contr>y1 ?is bone nev] 0 really ,p>is or ,b]l91 b fir/ "o & !n ano!r c\ntry--! ,balkan ,/ates1 ,mexico1 ,p]sia1 ,morocco & ,russia4 ,( late ,russia has be5 ! *ief bone ( cont5tion4 ,h5ce all ! sn>l+ aga9/ ,russian ,bol%evism1 "o ( a l>ge litt] ( puppies born to ! ,newf\ndl& s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! w>1 repres5tatives ( :i* h already made _! way to sev]al c\ntries ( ,europe1 & ! prospects are t !y or _! (fspr+ w soon be 9 evid5ce ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,:5 all ^! ,bol%eviki are gr[n-ups1 !y w make ! _w safe = democracy sure en\gh--n ! competitive democracy ( ! bull dogs & blood h\nds1 b ! co-op]ative democracy ( ! ,newf\ndl& dog4 ,!n1 & n be=e1 w ! _w be safe aga9/ w>4 ,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! armi/ice !re has be51 e n[ & !n1 a widespread fe> t x might n be p]man5t1 because ( a successful ef=t on ! "p ( ! bull dog to put ov] ano!r w> on acc\nt ( ! ,russian bone2 b = _m ?is fe> has n[ be5 almo/ quiet$ by ! total collapse ( ! ,kol*ak1 ,d5ik91 ,yud5i* & ,wrangel upris+s f )91 :i* 7 /rongly support$ by ! ,allies2 & by ! repulsion ( ! ,poli% invasion :i* _h ,engl&1 ,france & ! ,unit$ ,/ates beh9d x4 ,an a/oni%+ illu/ration ( ! tru? ( ! ,m>xian !ory conc]n+ ! mat]iali/ic or economic det]m9ation ( hi/ory1 is furni%$ by ! melan*oly fact t ! repres5tatives ( big bus9ess 9 ! alli$ c\ntries w\ld gladly respond to ,g54 ,lud5dorff's call to jo9 ! junk]s1 aga9/ :om !y s rec5tly f\ght1 9 a w> aga9/ ,russia1 ( :i* w> ,g]many w\ld be ! battle field4 ,a conc]t$ ef=t 0 made to organize su* a w>1 b ! wisdom le>n$ 9 ! s*ool ( ! _w w> by ! work+-m5 ( all ! c\ntries to :i* ! call 0 made & _! consequ5t opposition to ! ef=t caus$ x to fail4 #b4 ,b great z ! suff]+ ( ! _w is on acc\nt ( ! bloody w>s ( capitali/s ) ea* o!r1 x is b a drop 9 ! bucket ( sorr[ z comp>$ ) its suff]+ on acc\nt ( ! bloodless w>s betwe5 ma/]s & slaves--betwe5 ! ma*9e own]s & op]ators4 ,:5 ?is bloodless w> ceases1 z x w ) ! triumph ( int]national socialism1 ! bloody w>s w cease & n until !n4 ,"u ! capitali/ sy/em e in/itution 7/ate1 *ur*1 s*ool1 legislature1 c\rt1 bus9ess1 yes1 ev5 *>ity7 is necess>ily a robb+ in/rum5tality by :i* a small class ( non-produc]s1 fat ma/]s1 rob a l>ge class ( produc]s1 lean slaves1 & rob !m twice1 ea* "t ?rice3 #a4 ,! ma/] non-produc]s rob ! slave produc]s ( ! ?ree great necessities ( physical 7body7 life--food1 clo?+ & h\ses4 ,ev5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ! l& ( pl5ty1 at ?is "t & at all times1 sev5ty-five out ( e "o hundr$ are insuffici5tly f$1 clo!d & h\s$4 #b4 ,! ma/] non-produc]s rob ! slave produc]s ( ! necessities ( psy*ical 7s\l7 life--! lib]ty to le>n ! facts ( nature1 ! lib]ty to humanly int]pret & live !m & ! lib]ty to tea* _! discov]ies & int]pretations4 ,ev5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ! home ( political & religi\s fre$om1 !re is n "o :o c le>n1 live & tea* ! tru? )\t dang] ( be+ put out ( a synagogue & into a p5it5ti>y2 & ?is w cont9ue until imp]iali/ic capitalism & sup]naturali/ic ,*ri/ianism1 ! fa!r & "m ( ! :ole brood ( robb]s1 li>s1 p]secutors & w>riors1 h be5 de?ron$4 ,! gods ( ! capitali/ic int]pretations ( politics & ! gods ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion1 symbolize ! same reality1 p>asitic robb]y4 ,yet )9 ! religi\s realm ! tr\ble is n ) ! ,jehovahs any m ?an )9 ! political realm x is ) ! ,sams1 b only ) :at !y symbolize4 ,= "o ,i %\ld feel t bo? ! religi\s & political realms1 :i* are b halves ( ! same realm--religion ! ideal half1 & politics ! practical half--w\ld be poor] )\t _! respective ,jehovahs & ,sams1 ev5 z ! realm ( *ildhood w\ld be )\t its ,santa ,claus4 ,if symbols are n absolute necessities to ! religi\s & political realms1 nev]!less !y always h be51 n[ are & probably ev] %all be ornam5ts ( !m2 ,i hope = _! cont9uance1 b z subjectivities1 n objectivities4 ,all ! imp]iali/ic int]pretations ( politics & all ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion mu/ be ov]?r[n1 else ! _w w be lo/4 ,! omnipot5t1 omnipres5t savi\r :o c & w deliv] u f !m is already 9 ! _w4 ,8 "n is ,int]national ,communism1 ! greate/ & holie/ "n :i* has ev] be5 fram$ & pron\nc$2 & ! gospel ( ?is savi\r z x is translat$ by ,?omas ,c>lyle is writt5 on e wall s t x may be read by all3 ,und]/& t well1 x is ! deep comm&m5t1 dimm] or cle>]1 ( our :ole be+1 to be fre$4 ,fre$om is ! "o purpose1 wisely aim$ at1 or unwisely1 ( all man's /ruggles1 toil+s1 & suff]+s1 on ?is e>?4 ,morality is ! greate/ ?+ 9 ! _w because )\t x human life w\ld n be wor? ! liv+1 or ev5 possible2 b1 p>adoxical z ! ass]tion may seem1 fre$om or lib]ty is great] because )\t x morality w\ld be an impossibility4 ,"o c atta9 to ! v highe/ /&>d ( morality1 religion & sa9?ood )\t ! lea/ necessity ( ! slighte/ ref]5ce to :at ! gods ( ! sup]naturali/ic religions said or did1 & ?is is q z true ( ,jesus z ( any o!r among su* gods1 b no man c rea* ev5 ! l[e/ /&>d ( morality1 & s ( c\rse n ( religion or sa9?ood1 )\t con/ant ref]5ce to ! god ( tru?4 ,yet !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 a law & a tru?4 ,! law is a do+ or act ( nature1 & z su* x is a fact or revelation4 ,!re are no o!r facts or revelations4 ,accord+ to ! traditional sup]/iti\s conception1 a tru? is ! revelation ( ! w ( a god1 involv+ a s]vice to be r5d]$ directly or indirectly to him1 & morality consi/s 9 a fulfillm5t ( x4 ,accord+ to ! mod]n sci5tific conception1 a tru? is ! int]pretation ( a fact involv+ a s]vice to be r5d]$ to m54 ,on ! sci5tific !ory ea* man mu/ h :at tru? he has1 ei!r by 8 own int]pretation or by ! adoption = himself ( ano!r's int]pretation4 ,no man c live ! moral "p ( 8 psy*ical 7s\l7 life on ! tru? ( ano!r any m ?an he c live 8 physical 7body7 life on ! meals ( ano!r4 ,e "o mu/ h 8 own tru?s1 ev5 z he mu/ h 8 own meals4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( fre$om to morality4 ,h5ce1 too1 ! impossibility ( ! moral life "u re/ra9t1 su* z is impos$ by or?odox *ur*es 9 _! (ficial dogmas1 & su* z is impos$ by bellig]5t /ates 9 _! espionage laws4 ,capitalism is ess5tially competitive & !re=e necess>ily bellig]5t 9 "*3 h5ce a complete1 an ideal moral life is an utt] impossibility "u x1 b ev5 ! little ( moral life :i* o!rwise might be possible is less5$ to "o-half by (ficial dogmas & espionage laws2 if1 !n1 ! gov]nm5ts ( *ur*es & nations h any reg>d = ! morality ( _! memb]%ips & citiz5%ips !y w at once repeal !m1 & nev] enact o!rs4 ,! democracy :i* means fre$om to le>n ! laws ( ! physical realm ( nature & to int]pret !m into laws = ! regulation ( human life 7a democracy :i* w secure to ea* "o ! longe/ & happie/ life :i*1 "u ! mo/ favorable ( conditions1 w\ld be )9 ! range ( possibilities = him7 mu/ wait until ! competitive sy/em ( capitalism = ! production & di/ribution ( ! necessities has be5 univ]sally & completely supplant$ by ! co-op]ative sy/em ( socialism4 ,! conclusion ( ! :ole matt]1 z x is well put by an able contributor to ! excell5t ,prolet>ian1 is ?is3 ,:at is ne$$ is a complete revolution ( ! economic sy/em4 ,private own]%ip ( ! tools ( weal? production /&s 9 ! way ( fur!r peaceful social developm5t & private own]%ip mu/ be elim9at$4 ,! capitali/s !mselves w n elim9ate x4 ,t is c]ta94 ,x rema9s = ! work+ class to d s4 ,9 ord] to accompli% ?is task x w be necess>y = ! work]s to take control ( ! in/itution by :i* ! capitali/s ma9ta9 _! own]%ip ( ! tools ( production--! political /ate4 ,t is ! hi/oric mission ( ! work+ class4 ,! mission ( ! ,sociali/ is to organize & tra9 ! work]s = ?is conque/ ( political p[]4 ,among ! signs ( ! times :i* unmi/akably po9t to ! great day ( ! happy consummation ( ! movem5t t[>ds ! prolet>ian revolution1 & ! glori\s sky is full ( !m1 is ! fact t ! _w has rec5tly le>n$ f ! great w> t man mu/ "w out 8 own salvation )\t ! lea/ help f ! gods ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion3 ,& t inv]t$ ,b[l !y call ! ,sky1 ,:]eund] crawl+ coop'd we live & die1 ,lift n y\r h&s to ,x = help--= ,x ,z impot5tly moves z y or ,i4 --,om>4 ,yes1 & a god moves m impot5tly ?an a man2 =1 :]eas ! god is driv5 hi!r & ?i!r by ! laws ( matt] & =ce1 accord+ to :i* !y co-exi/ & co-op]ate ?r\gh evolution>y processes to ! mak+ ( ! univ]se :at x is1 & ! god _c help himself by mak+ x or condition+ himself o!rwise1 ! man1 if only he w le>n ^? laws1 may comb9e1 guide & ride !m to almo/ any pr$et]m9$ de/9ation1 ev5 out ( ! class hell ( competitive capitalism to ! classless heav5 ( co-op]ative socialism4 ,,iii4 ,! salvation ( ! _w f its unnecess>y suff]+s is dep5d5t ^u su* an equitable %>+ ( ! labor involv$ 9 ! mak+ & op]at+ ( ! ma*9es ( production & di/ribution1 & ^u su* an equitable %>+ ( ! products z %all issue 9 a classless mank9d by do+ away1 ?r\gh a revolution1 ) ! class :i* lives by own+ ! means & ma*9es ( production & di/ribution4 ,x is ?is advocacy ( classless levelism :i* con/itutes ! !oretical core ( revolution>y socialism4 ,^? :o oppose ?is socialism proce$ ^u ! assumption ( ! p]man5cy ( exi/+ religi\s & political in/itutions1 ! mo/ ru9\s ( all h]esies4 ,:at ?is h]esy is & ! fatal policy to :i* x gives rise has its classic expression1 s f> z religion is conc]n$1 9 ! exhortation--e>ne/ly cont5d = ! fai? once = all deliv]$ to ! sa9ts--&1 s f> z politics is conc]n$1 9 ! repres5tation--! laws ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians :i* alt]e? n4 ,!re is no su* fai? 9 religion1 & _c be1 = z a cre$ becomes /]eotyp$ x loses ! religi\s "* & deg5]ates into sup]/ition4 ,!re are no su* laws 9 politics1 & _c be1 = z a law becomes /]eotyp$ x loses ! political "* & deg5]ates into tyranny4 ,religion1 :i* is ! ideal half1 & politics1 :i* is ! practical half1 ( ! same reality1 human socialism1 are l all else 9 ! univ]se1 con/antly *ang+1 & necess>ily s1 because life & progress are dep5d5t ^u *ange4 ,or?odoxy 9 religion & politics is ! blight ( ! ages1 because ( its assumption t ! great in/itutions1 ! family1 /ate & *ur* ) _! cu/oms1 laws & doctr9es1 z !y exi/ = ! "t be+1 con/itute ! f\ndation ( society1 )\t :i* x c\ld n exi/2 t ^! in/itutions are almo/ if n altoge!r :at !y %\ld be1 & t1 !re=e1 ! welf>e ( society1 if n inde$ its exi/5ce1 is dep5d5t ^u _! cont9uance ) b little if any *ange4 ,b ! f\ndation ( society always has be5 a sy/em = ! production & di/ribution ( ! necessities ( life1 & h5ce social in/itutions1 cu/oms1 laws & cre$s are :at !y are at any "t because an economic sy/em is :at x is4 ,if we comp>e an economic sy/em = ! production ( ! prim>y necessities ( life 7foods1 clo!s & h\ses7 to a k+ or bi%op 7we may well d s1 = 9 all ages su* sy/ems h be5 ! p[] beh9d e regal & episcopal ?rone7 we %all see t /ates1 ) _! rul]s1 codes & police1 armies & jails2 & *ur*es1 ) _! gods1 revelations1 heav5s & hells1 are b s _m exp$i5cies = ! protection ( ! sy/em f *ange4 ,:at is true 9 ?is respect ( ! /ate & *ur* is equally s ( ! family1 ! s*ool1 ! press1 ! lodge1 ! club1 ! libr>y1 ! !at]1 ! *autauqua &1 9 %ort1 e in/itution4 ,:y all ^! age-long safegu>ds aga9/ *ange8 ,because1 s f>1 e economic sy/em has divid$ society into two classes1 a comp>atively small class :o own ?+s & a l>ge "o :o make ?+s1 & if ! few hone/ own]s are to hold _! own z div9ely favor$ grab-x-alls1 !y mu/ be protect$ at e po9t aga9/ ! _m di%one/ mak]s :o are diabolically tempt$ to be keep-somes6 ,^! r\nd$ out *ildr5 ( god h no?+ 9 common ) ^! cav$ 9 imps ( ! devil1 no m ?an ! flea & ! dog1 or ! tapeworm & ! man4 ,david ha/ily said3 ,all m5 are li>s4 ,he might leisurely h said ?is ( e repres5tative ( any religi\s or political or?odoxy1 = !y insi/ t _! religion & politics are ! p]man5t elem5ts 9 social tru? :i* rema9 un*ang$ f g5]ation to g5]ation ?r\gh all ages1 :]eas no religion or politics cont9ues ! same dur+ "o decade1 nor ev5 a s+le ye>4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ians say t ,jesus f\nd$ _! sect>ian *ur*es1 ?\gh ea* sect insi/s t he _h to d ) only "o *ur*1 !irs4 ,i d\bt t he liv$4 ,9 any case1 ,i am c]ta9 t if he did live & f\nd$ a *ur* 9 ! fir/ c5tury & 7 to come to e>? aga9 9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury1 he c\ld n if he w\ld & w\ld n if he c\ld become a memb] ( x1 because ( its *anges4 ,our own c\ntry is diff]5t by ! wid? ( ! :ole space ( ! heav5s f :at x 0 be=e ! w>1 & x is de/9$ to a mu* wid] *ange4 ,s f> are *ur*es ) _! doctr9es1 & /ates ) _! laws f be+ *angeless1 t !y are m or less modifi$ by e developm5t 9 ! economic sy/em to :i* !y owe _! exi/5ce & ( :i* !y are s]vants4 ,9 ! case ( e nation its k+1 ! economic sy/em1 has always be5 a robb] & enslav] ( ! ov]:elm+ majority ( ! p1 & ! *ur* & /ate h be5 ! h&s by :i* he accompli%$ ! robb+ & enslav+4 ,ins(> z !y diff]1 ,roman or?odoxy is :at x is because ( its />t+ out z ! religi\s product ( ! feudal sy/em ( economics2 & ,prote/ant or?odoxy is :at x is because ( its />t+ out z ! religi\s product ( ! capitali/ic sy/em ( economics4 ,prote/antism is pref]r$ be=e ,romanism by mo/ ( ! lead+ p 9 ! f9ancial _w1 because x is ! *ild ( capitalism1 _! si/]1 s to speak1 :]eas its rival is only a c\s94 ,z to ! ,roman & ,prote/ant or?odoxies !y are on ! same foot+4 ,i w\ld n turn my h& ov] = ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,if lit]ally int]pret$ 9 ! light ( mod]n sci5ce1 bo? are utt]ly antiquat$ & irrational4 ,or?odox ,romani/s & ,prote/ants h ess5tially ! same bible & cre$4 ,9 my op9ion1 z 9 t ( all ,m>xian & ,d>w9ian sociali/s1 e sup]naturali/ic repres5tation 9 bo? mu/ be reg>d$ z hav+ ei!r a figurative or a sup]/iti\s "*1 = !re is n "o among !m :i* c endure a sci5tific & rational analysis2 yet1 ?is is an age ( sci5ce & reason4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,romanism & ,prote/antism is n at all a "q ( relative sup]naturalism1 nor ( rightness & wrongness1 b :olly "o ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! sy/ems ( economics :i* gave !m bir?4 ,if y ask1 is n ?is diff]5ce at lea/ p>tly a "q ( ! age 9 :i* !y took _! rise1 ,i reply1 yes2 b ! age itself dep5ds ^u ! sy/em4 ,h[ev]1 x is a fact t :ile an economic sy/em does con/itute ! f\ndation ( e religi\s & political sup]/ructure1 yet bel[ ! f\ndation itself !re is always a b$ rock ^u :i* x ultimately re/s1 & ?is is a "q ( ma*9]y by :i* ! necessities ( life are produc$ & di/ribut$4 ,! age ( feudalism 0 ess5tially traditional or !oretical 9 its "*4 ,! age ( capitalism is ess5tially sci5tific or exp]im5tal 9 its "*4 ,?is diff]5ce betwe5 ^! ages is due to ! fact t dur+ ! e>li] age ?+s 7 made ) h& tools1 & dur+ ! lat] "o ) ma*9e tools4 ,ma*9]y 9 a !oretical or traditional age w\ld be an ana*ronism4 ,x mu/ h an exp]im5tal or sci5tific age = its developm5t1 &1 p>adoxical z x may seem1 ?is ! ma*9]y mu/ make = itself4 ,e p]iod 9 human hi/ory has _h its det]m9+ "* f ! tools :i* br\ght x into be+4 ,sup]naturalism has no place 9 ! obs]vations1 inve/igations or exp]im5tations :i* are necess>y to ! inv5tion1 con/ruction & op]ation ( a great ma*9e &1 h5ce1 ! ma*9es h bani%$ ! gods f ! ro( ( ! e>? & ! devils f its cell>1 leav+ x to u to make ( x :at we please1 a heav5 or a hell )\t ref]5ce to !m4 ,9 8 brilliant "w entitl$ ,social & ,philosophical ,/udies1 translat$ by ,*>les ,h4 ,k]r1 ,paul ,laf>gue writes3 ,! lab\r ( ! me*anical factory puts ! wage-work] 9 t\* ) t]rible natural =ces unkn[n to ! peasant1 b in/ead ( be+ ma/]$ by !m he controls !m4 ,! gigantic me*anism ( iron & /eel :i* fills ! factory1 :i* makes him move l an automaton1 :i* sometimes clut*es him1 bruises him1 mutilates him1 does n eng5d] 9 him a sup]/iti\s t]ror z ! ?und] does 9 ! peasant1 b leaves him unmov$1 = he kn[s t ! limbs ( ! me*anical mon/] 7 fa%ion$ & m\nt$ by 8 comrades1 & t he has b to pu% a lev] to set x 9 motion or /op x4 ,! ma*9e1 9 spite ( its miracul\s p[] & productiv5ess1 has no my/]y = him4 ,! lab\r] 9 ! electrical works1 :o has b to turn a crank on a dial to s5d miles ( motive p[] to tramways1 or light ! lamps ( a city1 has b to say1 l ! ,god ( ,g5esis1 let !re be light1 & !re is light4 ,nev] sorc]y m fanta/ic 0 imag9$1 yet = him ?is sorc]y is a simple & natural ?+4 ,he w\ld be greatly surpris$ if "o 7 to come & tell him t a c]ta9 god might1 if he *ose1 /op ! ma*9es & ext+ui% ! lights :5 ! electricity _h be5 turn$ on2 he w\ld reply t ?is an>*i/ic god w\ld be simply a misplac$ ge>+ or a brok5 wire1 & t x w\ld be easy = him to seek & f9d ?is di/urb+ god4 ,! practice ( ! mod]n factory tea*es sci5tific det]m9ism to ! wage-work]1 )\t x be+ necess>y = him to pass ?r\gh ! !oretic /udy ( ! sci5ces4 ,e>? mu/ be a hell z long z we all[ ! capitali/ sy/em to cont9ue on x & to enslave ! va/ majority ( its inhabitants4 ,m>xian socialism w r+ out ! old era ) its hell ( human slav]y & r+ 9 ! new era ) its heav5 ( ma*9e slav]y4 ,"o po9t mu/ be grasp$ & held by all :o w\ld und]/& ! *anges :i* take place )9 ! social realm & x is ?is3 !y are due to ! diff]5ces 9 ! in/rum5talities or ma*9es by :i* ! necessities ( life are produc$4 ,man has ris5 above ! l[] animals :i* h common ance/ors ) 8 own1 because ( ! sup]iority ( ! h& by :i* he does ?+s to ! h&s by :i* !y d ?+s4 ,if a man's body 9 g5]al & h& 9 p>ticul> 7 n a great improvem5t ov] ! bodies & h&s ( ! apes1 8 m9d & morality w\ld diff] b little f !irs4 ,! sup]iority ( ! civilization ( ?is age ov] its pr$ecessors is a "q ( in/rum5talities by :i* ! effici5cy ( ! h& is increas$4 ,if all ! mod]n ma*9]y 7 tak5 f ?is g5]ation & replac$ by ! implem5ts ( ! /one age ! civilization ( ! next g5]ation w\ld beg9 to s9k1 & )9 a c5tury x w\ld rea* ! anci5t level4 ,/rong expression is also giv5 to ! great tru? ^u :i* we are "h dwell+ by ! ,sociali/ ,p>ty ( ,great ,brita9 9 its notewor?y ,manife/o3 ,obvi\sly1 9 ord] t !re may be ideas & human hi/ory1 two mat]ial ?+s mu/ fir/ be pres5t3 human be+s1 & food & %elt] = !m4 ,& ! fundam5tal fact t is s seldom realiz$ is1 t :]e1 by :at means1 & h[ mu*1 food & %elt] c be obta9$1 det]m9es if1 :]e1 & h[1 man %all live1 & ! =ms 8 social in/itutions & ideas %all take4 ,x is1 inde$1 ! v basis ( ,sociali/ philosophy t1 9 ! words ( ,fr$]ick ,engels3 ,9 e hi/orical epo* ! prevail+ mode ( economic production & ex*ange1 & ! social organization necess>ily foll[+ f x1 =m ! basis ^u :i* is built up1 & f :i*1 alone c be expla9$1 ! political & intellectual hi/ory ( t epo*4 ,?is mat]iali/ concept is ! ,sociali/ key to hi/ory4 ,x is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( a sci5ce ( society1 &1 be+ directly antagoni/ic to all religi\s philosophy1 x is de/9$ to drive ?is philosophy & all its sup]/itions f _! la/ dit*4 ,civilization w n die ) ! dea? ( ! capitali/ sy/em ( production any m ?an x did ) ! feudal sy/em4 ,x improv$ "u capitalism1 because ( ! improvem5t 9 ! ma*9]y ( production1 & x is de/9$ to cont9ue its progress s long z new & bett] ma*9es are made & ?is w be to ! end4 ,m>xian socialism is a ma*9e optimism4 ,"u ?is socialism ! numb] & effici5cy ( ma*9es w\ld increase m rapidly ?an !y h "u capitalism & feudalism1 because its aim w be ! production ( commodities = use )9 ! %orte/ "t by ! lea/ ex]tion at ! slighte/ risk ( injury4 ,up to ! po9t ( ov] production1 t is1 ( glutt+ ! m>kets1 x is to ! int]e/ ( capitalism to enc\rage improvem5ts 9 ma*9]y1 b ! ability to d ?is has be5 rea*$1 z is evid5t f :at we he> at increas+ly frequ5t int]vals ab\t an ov] production ( commodities4 ,:at ma*9]y we n[ h r5d]s x possible to produce m commodities ?an c be sold )\t employ+ all ! labor p[]4 ,b ! idle1 />v+ slave is a dang] to ! idle1 surfeit+ ma/]4 ,h5ce1 "u capitalism !re c be no fur!r developm5t ( ma*9]y1 at lea/ n on a l>ge scale4 ,an indu/rial gov]nm5t w\ld h = its aim to produce en\gh ( ev]y?+ = all ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( en]gy & "t4 ,h5ce1 ! greate/ b5efactors & h]oes "u socialism w\ld be ! inv5tors ( labor sav+1 leisure giv+ ma*9]y4 ,we he> mu* ab\t ! m5tal sup]iority ( ! repres5tatives ( ! ma/] class ov] ^? ( ! slave class1 b !re is little or no tru? 9 x4 ,on ! contr>y1 x c be %[n t ! inv5tion ( a great labor sav+1 rapid-produc+ ma*9e is1 ^u ! :ole1 ! greate/ triumph ( ! human m9d & t ne>ly all among su* ma*9es are inv5t$1 made1 op]at$1 kept 9 ord] & improv$ by ! labor]4 ,ma/]s may be m cunn+ ?an slaves1 b cunn+ness is n an evid5ce ( a high ord] ( intellectual p[]4 ,_m ( ! l[] animals are q ! equals1 if n inde$ ! sup]iors1 ( capitali/s 9 ?is quality1 b no animal is ! equal ( any man1 n to speak ( ! exceptionally skill$ labor]1 9 ! p[] to produce effici5t ma*9es = ! production & di/ribution ( ! necessities ( life4 ,romanism began its c>e] z a *ild ( ! feudal sy/em = ! production & di/ribution ( commodities = ! pr(it ( ! own]s ( ! l& & ! means = its cultivation4 ,! mission to :i* x 0 born 0 ! assi/ance ( its fa!r1 feudalism1 9 robb+ & enslav+ ! work]s :o till$ ! soil1 & nev] did a s]vant m fai?fully or effici5tly p]=m a task dur+ a long] p]iod4 ,prote/antism began its c>e] z a *ild ( ! capitali/ic sy/em = ! production & di/ribution ( commodities = ! pr(it ( ! own]s ( ! means & ma*9es = _! manufactur+4 ,! mission to :i* x 0 born 0 ! assi/ance ( its fa!r1 capitalism1 9 robb+ & enslav+ ! work]s1 :o make & op]ate ! ma*9es1 & nev] did a s]vant m fai?fully & effici5tly p]=m a task 9 a l>g] or m fruitful field4 ,hi!rto all sy/ems ( economics h _h ! same s\l1 competition2 &1 because ( x1 e "o among !m has be5 a diabolical tr9ity ( :i* ly+ is ! fa!r2 robb+ is ! son1 :o proce$s f ! fa!r2 & murd] is ! _s1 :o proce$s f ! fa!r & ! son4 ,labor1 ! c]ta9 man ( e nation1 is half dead ly+ 9 ! dit* by ! wayside1 despoil$ & w\nd$1 ! victim ( capitalism1 ! greate/ li>1 robb] & murd]] ( all ! ages4 ,! *ur* is ! ar*angel or prime m9i/] ?r\gh :i* ?is ,beelzebub1 capitalism1 has done mo/ ( 8 ly+1 ?\gh )9 ! la/ hundr$ ye>s ! bus9ess has become s great t ! (fice ( coadjutor to ?is ar*angel 0 creat$1 & ! press appo9t$ to x4 ,! /ate is ! ar*angel or prime m9i/] ?r\gh :i* ?is pr9ce ( devils1 capitalism1 has done mo/ ( 8 robb+ & kill+1 ?\gh ! *ur* has (t5 tak5 a helpful h& 9 ^! dep>tm5ts ( ! devil's "w1 ! great "w ( conv]t+ e>? into a hell4 ,ne>ly all ( ! backw>dness ( ! _w & m ?an half ( its unnecess>y suff]+s h be5 due to ef=ts to prev5t *anges 9 religion & politics4 ,our nation is pass+ ?r\gh ! d>ke/ p]iod ( its hi/ory because ( su* ef=ts on ! "p ( ! p[]s :i* be 9 ! /ate1 & !y are support$ by ^? 9 ! *ur*4 ,speak+ ( ! *ange ) :i* we are "h especially conc]n$1 ! "o involv$ 9 ! supplant+ ( an old economic sy/em by a new1 !re h be5 sev]al revolutions due to su* *anges1 & ano!r is inevitable & imm95t4 ,:5 an economic sy/em fails1 z ! capitali/ic "o is fail+1 to fe$1 clo! & h\se ! work]s ( ! _w :o produce all foods1 clo!s & h\ses1 ! "t :5 x mu/ give place to ano!r is manife/ly ne> at h&4 ,capitalism is fail+ 9 ?is1 ! only legitimate mission ( an economic sy/em4 ,x has inde$ ov]-suppli$ ! ne$s ( ab\t "o 9 t51 b 9 do+ ?is x has %[n p>tiality1 = ! rema9+ n9e are left m or less foodless1 clo!less & h\seless1 & ?is not)/&+ !y h done all ! fe$+1 clo?+ & h\s+4 ,^? favor$ by ! sy/em w n be able to prev5t its ov]?r[ by ^? :o are wrong$4 ,) our mat]ials1 factories1 railroads & skill1 all %\ld h en\gh & to sp>e ( e necessity1 b s f> is ?is f be+ ! case t millions are insuffici5tly f$1 clo!d1 h\s$ & w>m$1 & are doom$ to a p]petual & exhau/ive drudg]y :i* leaves nei!r leisure nor en]gy = ! cultivation ( _! s\l life4 ,! economical & /ati/ical exp]ts ( our gov]nm5t's ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor repres5t t ! b>e necessities ( a com=table & effici5t life = a family ( five require an annual income ( #a1ejj1 & t ! simple luxuries1 :i* are next to be+ indisp5sable1 require an additional #a1jjj1 9 all #b1ejj1 p] ye>4 ,h[ _m ,am]ican families ( five h ev5 ! small] ( ^! sums at _! disposal8 ,! ov]:elm+ majority h less ?an #a1jjj4 ,let u be hone/ ) ! peoples ( o!r nations by ceas+ to speak ( our c\ntry z ! l& ( pl5ty & ! home ( ! free1 until !re is a great *ange = ! bett]4 ,wage slav]y may be prolong$ by a milit>y co]cion b x _c h a successor 9 any o!r =m ( human slav]y4 ,milit>y co]cion prolong$ *attel slav]y1 & by s do+ br\ght :at is kn[n z ! d>k ages ^u ! _w4 ,if wage slav]y is to be prolong$ by milit>y co]cion ! _w mu/ pass ?r\gh a second d>k age4 ,! league ( nations is fix+ = ?is2 b let u hope t ?is coalition w n /& & t wage slav]y w soon be foll[$ by ma*9e slav]y1 ! =m ( slav]y :i* w end human slav]y2 n until !n %all we h peace on e>? & good w among m54 ,!n !y %all beat _! swords into pl[%>es1 & _! spe>s into prun+ hooks3 nation %all n lift up sword aga9/ nation1 nei!r %all !y le>n w> any m4 ,d y n n[ see ) me t ! *ri/ ( ! _w is n a consci\s1 p]sonal god1 b an unconsci\s1 imp]sonal ma*9e8 ,x is ! ma*9e ( man1 n a lamb ( god1 to :i* we may hopefully look = ! tak+ away ( ! s9s ( ! _w4 ,ignorance is ! great mis=tune ( ! _w1 its devil1 & slav]y is 8 hell4 ,! ma*9e is ! r$eem] :o %all save man f ?is devil & hell4 ,yes1 /range1 ev5 blasphem\s1 z ! repres5tation may seem1 x is nev]!less true1 ! ma*9e is ! only "n giv5 "u heav5 :]eby ! _w c be sav$4 ,civilization is salvation4 ,! civilization :i* is salvation dep5ds on leisure & x on slav]y1 b s long z leisure is dep5d5t ^u ! slav]y ( man1 civilization mu/ be limit$ to a dim9i%+ few4 ,m>xian socialism is a movem5t t[>ds ! equalization & univ]salization ( leisure by do+ away ) ! ma/] & slave classes1 ?r\gh transf]5ce ( slav]y f man to ma*9e4 ,if !re is any tru? 9 my naturali/ic repres5tation ab\t ! dep5d5ce ( morality ^u a sy/em = ! production ( ! necessities ( life1 !re is none 9 ! sup]naturali/ic "o1 :i* makes x dep5d5t on any among ! gods2 &1 :at is true ( ! realm ( morality is equally s ( ! realm ( hi/ory1 & ?is :e!r x be ! hi/ory ( ! univ]se 9 g5]al or man 9 p>ticul>4 ,lavoisi] & ,may] %[$ t no god 7,jesus1 ,jehovah1 ,allah1 ,buddha7 creat$ ! univ]se out ( no?+1 = ! matt] & =ce :i* ent] into its con/itution are et]nalities & univ]salities4 ,kant & ,laplace %[$ t ! e>? & ! heav5ly bodies 7 n creat$ by any god at all1 b evolv$ f gase\s nebulae4 ,kepl] & ,newton %[$ t ^! bodies 7 n gov]n$ 9 _! motions by a god b by ! law ( gravitation4 ,d>w9 & ,wallace %[$ t ! species ( animal & vegetable life 7 n creat$ by any among ! gods1 b evolv$ f a common protoplasm4 ,m>x & ,engels %[$ t man's c>e] has n be5 det]m9$ by any among ! gods1 b by 8 sy/ems = produc+ & di/ribut+ ! necessities ( life4 ,^! t5 m5 are ! greate/ tea*]s ! _w has _h1 & ?is is ! sum ( all _! great tea*+s3 ,! univ]se is self-exi/+1 self-su/a9+ & self-gov]n+1 hav+ all ! pot5tialities ( its own life )9 itself1 & :at is true ( x 9 g5]al is equally s ( all ! ph5om5a :i* ent] into its con/itution1 includ+ man2 :o1 ?\gh he is ! highe/ among !m1 is only a ph5om5on1 on a level ) all ! re/1 n except+ ! l[e/4 ,a microbe & a man are on ! same foot+1 bo? z to _! orig9 & de/9y1 & z to _! hav+ )9 !mselves all p[] :i* is available = mak+ ! mo/ ( _! respective lives4 ,we are "p ,( e rock & bird & bea/ & hill1 ,"o ) ! ?+s t prey on u1 ,& "o ) :at we kill4 ,d>w9ism & ,m>xism con/itute "o gospel1 ! only true1 compreh5sive & suffici5t gospel :i* ! _w has ev] _h or c h1 & !re is no hope = ! future ( mank9d except 9 x4 ,if x fails ! _w is lo/1 b x %all n & inde$ _c fail1 = its words are s _m acts or facts ( nature4 ,!re is no fact :i* is n su* an act1 & e su* fact is a "p ( ! "o only law ^u ! kn[+ & do+ ( :i* t]re/rial life & its happ9ess are :olly & solely dep5d5t4 ,yes1 life1 long life1 happy life1 all !re is ( su* human life1 or div9e life1 7if !re be any71 dep5ds entirely ^u a k ( & con=mity to ?is law :i* is ! do+ ( nature1 & n at all ^u any law :i* is ! will+ ( a god1 if inde$ !re is su* a law4 ,nei!r ! religion nor ! politics :i* ent]s into ! con/itution ( ,m>xian or prolet>ian socialism is at all conc]n$ ab\t ! heav5 above or ! hell bel[ ! e>?1 if !re are su* places3 b ! conc]n ( bo? is :olly to r+ out a hell f ! e>? & to r+ 9 a heav5 ^u x4 ,nor h ! religion & politics :i* con/itute ?is socialism ! lea/ conc]n ab\t ! s]vice ( a cele/ial div9ity 7,jesus1 ,jehovah1 ,allah1 ,buddha or any o!r7 by do+ 8 w2 b bo? are mu* conc]n$ ) ! s]vice ( humanity1 :i* consi/s 9 rightly le>n+1 int]pret+ & us+ ! laws ( nature1 :olly = ! purpose ( mak+ ! t]re/rial lives ( m51 wom5 & *ildr5 z long & happy z possible1 & ) absolutely no ref]5ce to any cele/ial life :i* may be ei!r above or bel[ ! e>?4 ,religion & politics are ! complem5t>y & insep>able halves ( ! social sph]e1 religion be+ its idealism & politics its practicalism4 ,religi\s idealism is a social s\l ( :i* ! *ur* %\ld be ! embodim5t4 ,political practicalism is a social s\l ( :i* ! /ate %\ld be ! embodim5t4 ,contr>y to ! repres5tations ( or?odox ,*ri/ianism x is impossible = any s\l to exi/ )\t an embodim5t4 ,9 tru? ! body produces ! s\l1 n ! s\l ! body4 ,we mu/ h ! *ur* & /ate 9 ord] t we may h _! s\ls1 idealism & practicalism4 ,:y1 if ! ,s\l c fl+ ! ,du/ aside ,& nak$ on ! ,air ( ,heav5 ride1 ,7't n a ,%ame--7't n a ,%ame = him ,9 ?is clay c>cass crippl$ to abide8 --,om>4 ,,iv4 ,! *ur* & ! /ate are on ! same level z to _! orig9 & importance4 ,bo? are human in/itutions & ea* is indisp5sable to ! o!r4 ,x is n at all desirable or possible to rid ! _w ( ei!r1 b x is absolutely necess>y t bo? %\ld be revolutioniz$1 ! *ur* by hav+ its bible & cre$ rewritt5 or at lea/ re9t]pret$1 on ! basis ( tru? z x is reveal$ by nature1 & ! /ate by hav+ its in/itutions reorganiz$ on ! basis ( s]vice to all in/ead ( only to ^? ( a small class1 ! own] or ma/] class4 ,all ! ideali/ic aims ( *ur*es & all ! practical und]tak+s ( /ates %\ld be directly conc]n$ ) ! answ] to ?ree que/ions3 7#a7 ! "q z to h[ to rea* ! goal :]e t]re/rial life %all 9 ! case ( ea* man1 woman & *ild be z long & happy z x is )9 ! range ( possibilities to make x1 by ! fulle/ ( atta9able k conc]n+ ! laws ( nature2 7#b7 ! "q z to h[ to make ! mo/ successful endeavor univ]sally to dissem9ate su* k1 & 7#c7 ! "q z to h[ resi/lessly to p]suade to ! liv+ ( x4 ,^! are ! only conc]ns & aims ( ,m>xian socialism & !y _c be promot$ or ev5 av[$ by ,*ri/ian sociali/s4 ,! great crime ( ! ages is ! robb+ ( ! produc] ( ! basic necessities ( human life by ! non-produc]4 ,capitalism is ! robb]1 & ! politics & religion ( ! old /ates & *ur*es are ! "r & left h&s by :i* he has be5 & is do+ ! robb+4 ,m>xian socialism is an und]tak+ :i* has = its task ! ov]?r[ ( ! sy/em :i* makes x possible = ^? :o produce no?+ to live surfeit+ly1 & r5d]s x necess>y = ^? :o produce ev]y?+ to live />v+ly4 ,pov]ty is a disease caus$ by ! unju/ wage sy/em ( competitive capitalism = produc+ & di/ribut+ ! necessities ( life 7food1 clo?+ & %elt]7 = ! pr(it ( capitali/s1 ! few :o live by own+ ! mat]ials & ma*9es ( production & di/ribution2 & ?is blight+ malady _c be cur$ by *>ity1 b x w spread until ?is sy/em is supplant$ by ! j "o ( co-op]ative indu/rialism1 a sy/em by :i* ^! necessities %all be produc$ & di/ribut$ = ! use ( labor]s1 ^? :o live by mak+ & op]at+ ! ma*9es4 ,e gift to *>ity by a ri* man is a robb]y ( a poor man4 ,y w n see ?is at once1 if ev]1 & ,i %all n blame y = ! failure to d s4 ,x 0 n se5 by me until ,i 0 mu* old] ?an y2 b ,i am n[ see+ x z cle>ly z ,i ev] saw ! sun on a cl\dless noonday1 & ?is is true ( rapidly gr[+ millions :o are resolutely resolv$ to d away ) ! prevail+ conception ( *>ity1 accord+ to :i* capitali/s may rob labor]s ( ! fruit ( _! toil1 giv+ !m ( x b>ely en\gh to keep body & s\l toge!r & to raise up *ildr5 :o are doom$ to foll[ 9 _! foot/eps2 & !n1 :5 ! /r5g? ( _! victim fails1 to make am5ds = ! robb]ies1 by giv+ ! mo/ highly favor$ among !m b$s 9 hospitals1 poor-h\ses 9 :i* to die prematurely1 & nameless graves 9 pott]'s fields 9 :i* to await hopefully a resurrection & asc5sion to an inh]itance ( happ9ess 9 a sky1 :i* 0 d5i$ !m on ! e>?4 ,! "t is at h& :5 ev]y:]e ! unemploy$ & ! und]paid %all beg9 a resi/less m>* t[>ds ! goal ( economic levelism "u a bann] conta9+ ?is slogan3 ,we want no *>ity b ! "r to "w & ! fruits ( our labors t we & our helpless dep5d5ts may h e necessity to ! fulle/ life = body & s\l4 ,dur+ m ?an a :ole g5]ation ,mrs4 ,br[n & ,i h n produc$ a spoonful ( any food1 a ?read ( any g>m5t or a %+le ( any h\se2 & yet we h _h foods1 g>m5ts & h\ses 9 abundance ) "s to sp>e1 :ile _! produc]s h _h !m 9 sc>city ) mu* to want4 ,:ile ! _w w> 0 on1 an ill w9d = ! produc]s blew a ?\s& doll>s to u & an ill w9d = u blew x into ! h&s ( a committee1 o/5sibly = inve/m5t on behalf ( a hospital ( :i* we approv$1 b really = ! pur*ase ( a bond 9 ! int]e/ ( a w> ( :i* we disapprov$4 ,! fa!rs ( ! pres5t g5]ation ( produc]s & di/ributors ( ! necessities ( life 7 robb$ 9 ord] t we might inh]it ! prop]ty f :i* our income is d]iv$2 ! sons & daught]s are be+ robb$ ov] & ov] aga9 & aga91 ye> aft] ye>1 9 ord] t ! prop]ty may cont9ue to yield ?is income to u4 ,we !re=e paid no?+ ( our own = ?is bond4 ,:at we gave = x 0 ( ! spoils :i* ! great robb]1 capitalism1 has be/[$ ^u u1 its favorite *ildr51 f :at x has tak5 f its un=tunate victims4 ,! same p]sons or _! *ildr5 & successors 7 or %all be robb$ fir/ to create our prop]ty1 !n to pay ! income ( x1 next to buy ! bond1 & n[ !y are be+ robb$ to meet ! int]e/ on x & f9ally !y w be robb$ to pay its face value4 ,if capitalism /&s1 ( c\rse ! victims ( ! la/ ( ^! robb]ies w belong1 probably1 to a remote g5]ation2 b ?is delay is a mis=tune 9 /ore = _m ( all int]v5+ g5]ations4 ,if ! robb]y connect$ ) ?is bond 7 limit$ to its orig9al co/1 "o ?\s& doll>s1 & to its accru+ int]e/1 :i* is likely 9 "t to aggregate sev]al ?\s& doll>s1 x w\ld inde$ be bad en\gh1 yet n ne>ly z mu* s z x is "u ! melan*oly circum/ances2 = ! money paid on acc\nt ( ! bond goes t[>ds kill+ or wreck+ its produc]s1 if n ^? :o produc$ ?is p>ticul> ?\s& doll>s1 yet o!rs ( _! class to :om ! _w owes all ( its weal?2 !re=e ! ?\s& doll>s :i* w5t into ?is bond has be5 devot$ to ! robb]y ( ^? :o 7 robb$ ( x & ( ! mo/ preci\s ( all ?+s3 life & limb4 ,y w ask3 h[ c y & ,mrs ,br[n1 9 ! face ( y\r !ory1 accord+ to :i* all :o live by own+ are robb]s ( ^? :o live by work+1 consi/5tly receive & exp5d ! income ( y\r inh]itance8 ,! answ] 0 giv5 to a fri5d :o ask$ u :y we did n foll[ ! h]oic example ( a "y ,am]ican :o _h rec5tly r5\nc$ :at _h be5 inh]it$ by him1 & ?is is1 9 effect1 :at we said3 ,z we look at ! "q1 our c\rse is m rational ?an 81 because ! weal? :i* he r5\nces may g to "s "o :o is )\t 8 sympa?y = ! prolet>iat4 ,we pref] to receive our inh]itance & use x to ov]?r[ ! economic sy/em :i* makes x possible = u to d no?+ & h ev]y?+1 & = ^? :o d ev]y?+ to h no?+4 ,capitali/s1 z su*1 p :o live by ! own+ ( ! ma*9es ( production & di/ribution1 in/ead ( by ! mak+ & op]at+ ( !m1 h mu* to say aga9/ ! alleg$ an>*ism ( sociali/s & yet !y are necess>ily :at !y accuse an>*ism ( be+1 robb]s & murd]]s4 ,e c5t ( pr(it1 int]e/ & r5t is s mu* robb+1 & all w>s are s _m conflicts betwe5 ! capitali/ic b&its or robb]s 9 ! c\ntries involv$1 & ! peace conf]5ces1 :i* foll[ !m1 are s _m attempts ( ! b&its on ! successful side to h ! spoils z l>ge z possible1 & to satisfactorily divide !m4 ,x is ,holy ,week #aiba4 ,! week 9 :i* dur+ all ! ye>s ( _m & long ages b5ight$ p sacrific$ _! ,*ri/s to ,%ylock gods4 ,if ,jesus liv$ & 0 a ,*ri/1 unhappily ,he 0 nei!r ! fir/ nor ! la/1 = !re 7 _m bo? be=e & aft] ,him4 ,7 !y :o sup]/iti\sly l$ ^! victims to _! ,golgo?as great] s9n]s aga9/ humanity ?an ^? :o did av>ici\sly dur+ ! w> drive l>ge armies ( "y m5 to ! t]rible tr5*es1 a :olesale sacrifice ( ! lords ( p[] & weal? & :o d n[ drive ! va/ majority ( ! nations involv$ 9 t w> to a t]rible body & s\l de/roy+ pov]ty & slav]y8 ,no4 ,! mod]n robb]s ev5 m ?an ! anci5t ones are 9 ne$ ( ! pray]3 ,=give !m = !y "k n :at !y d4 ,communism & ,*ri/ianism h1 inde$1 ?is 9 common1 t _! object is to promote life1 long life1 & happy life1 bo? lives 9 a l>ge & full measure1 press$ d[n1 %ak5 toge!r & runn+ ov]4 ,yet1 ) ?is sam5ess 9 ! gospels ( ,communism & ,*ri/ianism !re is ?is diff]5ce 9 ! aims ( ! *ri/s :o prea*$ !m1 :i* sep>ate !m z widely z ! ea/ is f ! we/1 leav+ a great & impassable gulf betwe5 !m4 ,m>x1 ! *ri/ ( ! ,communi/ gospel1 said3 ,i am come t ! _w might h t]re/rial life = body1 m9d & s\l1 & h x = ea* 9 ! fulle/ ( possible measures by co-op]ation ) ea* o!r 9 ! discov]y ( ! laws ( nature & 9 mak+ !m s]ve m51 wom5 & *ildr5 by secur+ = !m food1 clo?+1 %elt]1 heal? & com=t = ! body1 & leisure = ! m9d to ?9k & = ! s\l to gr[4 ,jesus1 ! *ri/ ( ! ,*ri/ian gospel1 accord+ to or?odoxy1 said3 ,i am come t ye might h cele/ial life = m9d1 body & s\l & h x = ea* 9 ! l>ge/ & fulle/ possible measure by co-op]ation 9 p]suad+ ea* o!r 9 p>ticul> & ! _w 9 g5]al to receive a revelation ( ! w ( a consci\s1 p]sonal ,god1 made ?r\gh prophets1 pres]v$ 9 ! bible & int]pret$ by ! *ur*4 ,) me x is a melan*oly b resi/less & deep5+ conviction1 t1 if or?odox ,*ri/ianism %\ld become associat$ ) ,m>xian socialism1 z ,k+sley & y w\ld associate !m1 we %\ld soon h a gl>+ illu/ration ( ! tru? ( two prov]bs3 a h\se divid$ aga9/ itself _c /&2 & no man c s]ve two ma/]s4 ,moreov]1 ,i believe t if ,*ri/ian socialism 7 to become a door to ,m>xian socialism1 ?r\gh :i* or?odox ,*ri/ianism c\ld ent] & make itself at home1 ! revolution>y aims ( ! slave class w\ld be ?w>t$ & ! _w w\ld ent] ^u a new d>k age1 z x did :5 ,con/ant9e 0 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity & ,*ri/ians became ! mo/ loyal citiz5s & valiant soldi]s ( ! ,empire4 ,at t "t *attel slav]y _h run its c\rse z wage slav]y has n[2 &1 if x _h n be5 prolong$ by a milit>y despotism1 z ,i fe> ?is may be1 ! _w w\ld h _h some?+ ( ! feudal slav]y1 b no?+ ( ! d>k age4 ,?is age 0 ! baneful fruit ( ,*ri/ianism4 ,*ri/ianity has held ! _w back f civilization in/ead ( advanc+ x t[>ds civilization4 ,! ,*ri/ianization ( ,m>xian communism1 9 accordance ) ! program ( ,k+sley & our ,*ur* ,sociali/ ,league1 w\ld spell ano!r milit>y despotism = ! prolongation ( a second sy/em ( slav]y1 :i* has run its c\rse & is 9 a fair way ( be+ ov]?r[n2 b if ! revolutioni/s fail1 z ! result ( be+ trampl$ "u ! iron heel1 we are at ! ?re%old ( a second d>k age & %all soon be pass+ ?r\gh all ! mis]ies ( x4 ,my int]e/ 9 ! movem5t )9 our *ur* look+ t[>ds a ,*ri/ian socialism ( a m radical & revolution>y type w\ld be great1 if only ,i c\ld feel z ,i %\ld s mu* l1 t ! ,*ri/ian socialism to :i* y h consecrat$ ! :ole prime ( y\r life1 & ! ,m>xian socialism1 to :i* ,i h consecrat$ all ( ! little t rema9s ( m9e1 ! fag-end1 are n utt] incompatibilities1 s mu* s t x is absolutely impossible t !y c co-exi/ & co-op]ate to any good purpose4 ,! irreconcilable incompatibility ( ,*ri/ian socialism & ,m>xian socialism is due to ! fact t1 :]eas ! ,*ri/ian is ess5tially imp]iali/ic 9 its "*1 ! ,m>xian is z ess5tially democratic4 ,! reason = ?is fundam5tal & in]adicable diff]5ce1 & ! consequ5t incompatibl5ess1 is ! fact t or?odoxism1 :e!r ,*ri/ian1 ,jewi%1 ,mohamm$an or ,buddhi/ic1 is no?+ unless x is sup]naturali/ic & traditional2 & ,m>xism is no?+ unless x is naturali/ic & sci5tific1 z mu* s z is ,d>w9ism4 ,9 ord] t y may see ! reason1 z ,i und]/& x1 = ?is wide1 deep & bridgeless diff]5ce1 ,i draw ! foll[+ contra/s betwe5 ! ess5tial beliefs ( ,m>xian sociali/s & or?odox ,*ri/ians3 #a4 ,m>xian socialism is ess5tially naturali/ic4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ianism is ess5tially sup]naturali/ic4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,i h all ! pot5tialities ( my own life )9 myself4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian says3 ,my /r5g? is f ,god4 #b4 ,m>xian socialism is ess5tially classless4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ianism is ess5tially a class sy/em by :i* ! _w is divid$ into two classes1 sa9ts & s9n]s4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,e man is my bro!r4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian 7l ! !i/ ( e "n--,jew1 ,mohamm$an1 ,buddhi/ & ! re/7 says3 ,e true believ] is my bro!r1 b ^? :o are n are only pot5tial bre?r54 #c4 ,m>xian socialism is ess5tially t]re/rial4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ianism is ess5tially cele/ial4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,e>? is my home4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian says3 ,heav5 is my home4 #d4 ,m>xian socialism is ess5tially mat]iali/ic4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ianism is ess5tially spirituali/ic4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,! basic necessities ( life1 & !re=e its fir/ conc]n1 are foods1 raim5ts1 %elt]s1 com=t & leisure4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian says3 ,take no prim>y ?\ght = ^!1 b only = fai? 9 & ob$i5ce to ,god1 reg>d+ all else ( second>y importance4 #e4 ,m>xian socialism is ess5tially prolet>ian4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ianism is ess5tially b\rgeois4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,i am1 by reason ( my antec$5ts1 a man1 a woman1 a *ild ( nature on an ess5tial level z to my orig9 & de/9y ) e o!r repres5tative ( humanity & inde$ animality4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian1 l ! !i/ ( e "n1 says3 ,i am 7by reason ( my fai?1 baptism or conv]sion7 a pr9ce or pr9cess1 ! son or daught] ( a k+1 ,god4 #f4 ,m>xian socialism is ess5tially democratic4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ianism is ess5tially imp]iali/ic4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,i live ) ref]5ce to ! w ( ! majority4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian says3 ,i live ) ref]5ce to ! w ( a ,god4 #g4 ,m>xian socialism is ess5tially pacific4,f ,or?odox ,*ri/ianism is ess5tially bellig]5t4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,s9ce y are a man1 ,i co-op]ate ) y4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian says3 ,s9ce y are n a believ]1 ,i cont5d ) y4 #h4 ,m>xian socialism is ess5tially non-sect>ian4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,all ! _w is my home & ! desire & ef=t to r5d] s]vice to m51 wom5 & *ildr5 is my religion4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian says3 ,only ,*ri/5dom is my home & ! desire & ef=t to s]ve a ,god is my religion4 #i4 ,m>xian socialism is1 z to ! s\rce ( k & ! means ( atta9+ x1 ess5tially sci5tific4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ianism is ess5tially traditional4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,! salvation ( ! _w is dep5d5t ^u :at is le>n$ by natural exp]i5ce1 obs]vation & inve/igation ab\t ! do+s ( a matt]-=ce-law1 nature4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian says3 ,?is salvation dep5ds ^u :at is le>n$ by revelation1 tradition & inspiration ab\t ! will+s ( a fa!r-son-_s1 ,god4 #aj4 ,m>xian socialism expla9s ! hi/ory ( mank9d on ! naturali/ic !ory t x has be5 det]m9$ dur+ e p]iod by ! exi/+ sy/em = supply+ ! mat]iali/ic necessities ( life4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ianism expla9s ?is hi/ory on ! sup]naturali/ic !ory t x is det]m9$ by ! provid5tial directions ( a triune div9ity4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,if y w tell me ( ! economic sy/em by :i* a p h f$1 clo!d & h\s$ !mselves1 ,i w tell y1 at lea/ 9 g5]al outl9e1 :at has be5 _! hi/ory4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian says3 ,if y w tell me :at ! provid5ces ( my ,god h be5 t[>ds a p1 ,i w tell y _! hi/ory4 #aa4 ,m>xian socialism has inscrib$ on "o ( its bann]s3 ,lib]ty4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ianism has ?is inscription on its correspond+ bann]3 ,ob$i5ce4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,?is ,lib]ty-bann] is ! symbol ( my fre$om z a son ( man to be progressively le>n+1 liv+ & tea*+ ! unfold+ revelations ( nature--to "k & to live :i* is to h life1 t]re/rial life 9 an ev] increas+ measure1 all ! life !re is "h & n[ or else:]e & else:51 if !re is to be a consci\s1 p]sonal life any:]e or any:5 else4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian says3 ,?is ,ob$i5ce-bann] is a symbol ( my slav]y z a son ( ,god by :i* ,i am b\nd to receive1 live & tea* ! fai? once = all deliv]$ to ! sa9ts 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts or else lose ! p]man5t life 9 ! sky :i* is to foll[ ?is tempor>y "o on ! e>?4 #ab4 ,m>xian socialism has inscrib$ on ano!r ( its bann]s3 ,ju/ice to ,man4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ianism has on its correspond+ bann]3 ,love to ,god4 ,! consi/5t sociali/ says3 ,x is my aim to d unto o!rs z ,i w\ld h !m d unto me if our circum/ances 7 rev]s$4 ,! consi/5t ,*ri/ian says3 ,x is my aim to love ,god ) all my he>t1 m9d & s\l4 ,& if !re be any fur!r contra/ betwe5 ?is ,*ri/ianism & ,socialism1 x is briefly compreh5d$ 9 ^! ?ree /atem5ts1--9 !mselves suffici5t to %[ h[ absolutely impossible x is = a consi/5t ,jesu9e ,*ri/ian to be a consi/5t ,m>xian ,sociali/3 #a4 ,m>x seeks to save by do+ away ) bo? ! ma/] & slave classes--,jesus by exalt+ ! slave class above ! ma/] class4 #b4 ,m>x exhorts ! slave class to look to itself = deliv]ance--,jesus taught x to look to a ,god = ?is4 #c4 ,m>x promises salvation = ?is _w "h & n[1 a _w ab\t :i* ev]ybody kn[s mu*--,jesus promis$ x = ano!r _w else:]e & else:51 a _w ab\t :i* nobody kn[s any?+4 ,! _w has nev] _h a gospel :i* is at all comp>able 9 its excell5cy to t ( ,m>xian ,socialism4 ,! gospel ( ,jesu9e ,*ri/ianism1 accord+ to ! or?odox int]pretation ( x1 is no exception2 =1 grant+ x to be sup]ior to ! ,mosaic1 ,buddhi/ic1 ,mohamm$an & o!r gospels1 x is1 nev]!less1 almo/ inf9itely inf]ior to ! ,m>xian gospel4 ,gospels are = ! purpose ( sav+ ! _w f its suff]+4 ,! ,jesu9e & ,m>xian gospels are alike 9 hav+ = _! object ! salvation ( ! prolet>ian _w4 ,v4 ,ab\t ?ree ye>s ago ,i discov]$ t ,i _h sp5t a long1 /r5u\s & op5-h&$ m9i/ry 9 prea*+ lies to ! p]man5t ru9 ( my heal? & ! tempor>y emb>rassm5t ( my purse2 !re=e ,i _h ! unhappy exp]i5ce ( be+ =c$ to see t all ?is "p ( my life1 its prime1 _h be5 mo/ly1 if n :olly wa/$ & worse4 ,:at 0 to be done8 ,my fri5ds told me z pla9ly z !y c\ld1 & "s succe$$ 9 mak+ x brutally pla91 t 9 los+ my fai? 9 ! sup]naturali/ic dogmas ( traditional ,*ri/ianism1 z !y are lit]ally int]pret$ 9 ! doctr9al /&>ds ( ! or?odox *ur*es1 ,i _h lo/ ! pe>l ( great price4 ,my s\l told me t ,i _h nev] possess$ ?is jewel1 b t1 ev5 ) ! little "t & enfeebl$ /r5g? t rema9$ to me1 ,i might yet f9d x1 if only ,i %\ld cease look+ = x 9 ! field ( sup]naturalism1 "u ! direction ( div9e au?ority1 & beg9 look+ = x 9 ! field ( naturalism1 "u ! direction ( human reason4 ,happily1 :]e fai? w5t out c\rage came 91 & x increas$ ) my desp]ation until 7?\gh /&+ on ! %ore ( dea? :]e ! deep & unkn[n /ream lies d>kly betwe5 ! pres5t & future7 ,i c\ld & ,i did und]take ! supreme task ( my life--! break+ ( ! *a9s by :i* ,i 0 b\nd z a slave to ! degrad+ sup]/ition t ,i 01 bo? by an inh]it$ & cultivat$ disposition1 a doom$ man1 & by an inh]5t weakness1 a helpless "o ) no p[] to emancipate myself4 ,( su* enslav+ *a9s ,i m5tion ?ree among ! /ronge/1 ! sev]$ p>ts ( :i*1 ) ^? ( all ! re/1 n[ lie scatt]$ ab\t me3 7#a7 ! *a9 ( ! fe> ( ,god2 7#b7 ! *a9 ( ! fe> ( ! devil1 & 7#c7 ! *a9 ( ! fe> ( man4 ,hi!rto ,i _h be5 a *ild1 ?9k+ z a *ild1 und]/&+ z a *ild & speak+ z a *ild4 ,h5ce=? ,i 0 to be a man1 ! greate/1 consci\s1 p]sonal be+ :o has any?+ to d ) ?is _w2 & z a man1 ,i put away ! ?+s ( a *ild1 especially ! mo/ *ildi% ( all ?+s1 fe>1 ! fe> ( ,god1 ! fe> ( devil & ! fe> ( man4 ,prea*]s ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion say t ! fe> ( ,god is salvation4 ,x is damnation4 ,no "o :o has fe> ( any consci\s1 p]sonal ma/] :omsoev] or :]esoev]1 ,god 9 heav51 devil 9 hell or man on e>?1 is free or o!r ?an a slave4 ,nor has any su* atta9$ to ! full /ature ( manhood4 ,!re is only "o fe> :i* saves & t is ! fe> ( ignorance4 ,! _w's de/roy]-god is ignorance4 ,!re is no o!r devil on e>? or 9 hell bel[ x1 & ?is "o lives1 moves & has 8 be+ 9 ! fe> ( k4 ,! _w's savi\r-god is k4 ,!re is no o!r ,*ri/ on e>? or 9 any heav5 above x1 & ?is "o lives1 moves & has 8 be+ 9 ! fe> ( ignorance4 ,happily1 ,i li/5$ to my s\l & ,i h f\nd ! pe>l ( great price1 yes1 a :ole b$ ( !m1 s t ,i am n[ 9 position to sub/itute 9 my prea*+ a tru? = e lie ,i us$ to prea*1 & ?us save myself2 b woe unto me unless ,i make ! sub/itution by r++ out ! lie & r++ 9 ! tru?4 ,)9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s ,i h le>n$ t1 z ,i h n be51 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( my ,*ri/ian m9i/ry1 m ?an a g5]ation ago1 a produc]1 ,i h no?+ ( my own to give to *>ity1 & :at is true ( me is true ( ,mrs4 ,br[n4 ,no "o is a produc] :o does n gr[ ?+s on ! f>m1 make ?+s 9 a %op1 discov] ?+s 9 a laboratory or r5d] "s necess>y or helpful s]vice to ^? :o d su* ?+s4 ,i h done no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,if ,i _h be5 prea*+ tru?s ,i might h r5d]$ su* s]vice1 b ,i prea*$ lies4 ,e possession rightfully belongs to ! productive work] & no?+ to ! unproductive idl]4 ,?is is "o ( ! two greate/ & mo/ salut>y among all ! tru?s kn[n to mank9d4 ,rec5tly ,i made ackn[l$gm5t ( x on ! pl$ges to a good cause1 t ( ! ,r$ ,cross1 by writ+ on _! upp] left h& corn]s3 ,! gift ( ,unkn[n ,labor]s ?r\gh ,bi%op & ,mrs4 ,br[n1 ^: possessions are ! fruits ( _! en=c$ toil & sacrifices4 ,by ?is ackn[l$gm5t ,i rang out a great lie--! lie :i* makes ! salvation ( ! _w dep5d ^u ! capitali/s ) _! s]vants1 ! prea*]s on ! "r & ! politicians on ! left h&4 ,salvation or1 :at is ! same reality1 civilization1 always has be5 & always w be dep5d5t ^u ! produc]4 ,x w nev] be atta9$ until ! labor+ class has done away ) ! capitali/ class4 ,! ideal civilization 7:i* is ! salvation ( ! _w f its unnecess>y suff]+s1 especially ! ov]:elm+ ones due to ! great tr9ity ( evils1 w>1 pov]ty & slav]y7 is 9 ! v nature ( ?+s an impossibility on ! basis ( class sect>ianism1 su* z we h ev5 9 our ,anglo-,am]ican ,*ri/ianity1 ! be/ int]pretation ( traditional religion1 & 9 our ,am]ican democracy1 ! be/ int]pretation ( traditional politics4 ,among ! pa!tic ?+s ab\t w>1 !re is ?is1 ! labor+ class makes by f> ! great] sacrifices1 n only ( life & limb1 b also ( money4 ,q contr>y to ! g5]al impression1 capitali/s1 z su*1 pay no "p ( ! enorm\s & ru9\s pecuni>y co/ ( w>4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,rockefell] pays out ?ree million doll>s 9 w> taxes he is dispos+ ( :at rightfully belongs to labor]s1 because !y1 n he1 e>n$ x4 ,capitali/s1 z su*1 nei!r e>n nor pay any?+1 9 "t ( ei!r w> or peace4 ,s mu* = "o ( ! two great tru?s4 ,! o!r1 :i* is ! great] because x includes its companion1 is ?is3 ,man has )9 himself all ! pot5tialities ( 8 own life4 ,?is is true ( ! univ]se z a :ole1 &1 !re=e1 necess>ily s ( all t !re9 is4 ,! sum ( bo? tru?s is t ! salvation ( ! _w is :olly dep5d5t ^u productive labor]s & t !y mu/ look individually only to ! ex]tion ( _! own m5tal & physical p[]s & collectively to co-op]ation ) ea* o!r = ! accompli%m5t ( _! mission4 ,?r\gh ! :ole ( my pa/ m9i/ry 9 ! field ,i rang out ^! great tru?s & rang a great lie 9 by repres5t+ t ! salvation ( ! _w dep5ds ^u a pot5tiality :i* is 9 ! sky & n 9 man1 t heav5 is above ! e>? & hell bel[ x1 n on x4 ,:5 ,i comm5c$ my pres5t m9i/ry 9 ! /udy1 ,i s5t my ,s\l ?r\gh ! ,invisible1 ,"s lett] ( t ,aft]-life to spell2 ,& by & by my ,s\l return'd to me1 ,& answ]'d ',i ,myself am ,heav5 & ,hell6' ,om>1 ! poetic a/ronom]1 might h add$ a /anza :i* w\ld h clos$4 ,i myself am ,god4 ,?is is1 9 effect1 :at ,jesus did say3 ,i & my ,fa!r are "o4 ,?is is z true ( y & me & ( e man1 woman & *ild z x 0 ( ,jesus4 ,& ,jesus repres5t$ t ,god1 bo? z ,fa!r & ,son1 dwells 9 ! he>ts ( believ]s4 ,b e relevant fact :i* has be5 sci5tifically e/abli%$ z su* 7& !re is a :ole m\nta9 ( su* facts7 po9ts to ! conclusion t ,*ri/ians are no m div9e ?an o!r p1 & t1 z to 8 ess5tial nature1 no man w\ld be less div9e ?an he is if ,jesus _h nev] be5 born4 ,gods 9 ! skies 7,jesus1 ,jehovah1 ,allah1 ,buddha7 are all "r z subjective symbols ( human pot5tialities & attributes & ( natural laws1 ev5 z ! ,/>s & ,/ripes on a pole1 ,uncle ,sam 9 ! capitol & ,santa ,claus 9 a sleigh are all "r z su* symbols2 b su* gods are all wrong1 if reg>d$ z objective realities exi/+ indep5d5tly ( ^? :o creat$ !m z div9ities & plac$ !m 9 cele/ial habitations4 ,:at is true ( ! gods is equally s ( all ! sup]naturali/ic dogmas ( ! sev]al traditional int]pretations ( religion4 ,ins(> z !y are n pure sup]/itions !y are symbols ( imag9>y ev5ts :i* p ?9k %\ld or mu/ h occurr$ 9 ! pa/ or %\ld or mu/ occur 9 ! future2 n /atem5ts ( hi/orical ev5ts :i* h occurr$ or are to occur4 ,s f> ,i h n f\nd x necess>y to r5\nce ! ,*ri/ian ,god or any ( ! ?+s :i* g ) him & ,i h no idea ( do+ ?is1 any m ?an ,i h ( r5\nc+ ! ,am]ican ,uncle ,sam & ! ?+s :i* g ) him1 b ,i place ! ,bro!r ,jesus ( ! ,*ri/ian religion & ! ,uncle ,sam ( ! ,am]ican politics on ! same foot+ ) ea* o!r & ) o!rs ( _! k9d z subjective realities4 ,i c\ld be a ,jew & an ,engli%man z consci5ti\sly z a ,*ri/ian & an ,am]ican4 ,_m ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 also ,pagans1 wor%ipp]s ( o!r ,gods ?an ,jesus4 ,nor is ?is all or ev5 mu* m ?an half ( my religi\s & political levelism4 ,on ! "o h& z a religioni/ ,i c be any & ev]y?+ b an or?odox sect>ian4 ,?is or?odoxy is a libel aga9/ humanity4 ,! _w owes to x a great "p ( all its unnecess>y tr\bles--^? :i* are br\ght ab\t by ! triune devil ( p]secution1 ignorance & sup]/ition4 ,on ! o!r h& z a politician ,i c be any & ev]y?+ b a nationali/ic sect>ian4 ,?is nationalism is a libel aga9/ humanity4 ,! _w owes to x a great "p ( all its unnecess>y tr\bles--^? :i* are br\ght ^u x by ! triune devil ( w>1 pov]ty & slav]y4 ,hop+ t y w ab&on ,jesu9e socialism = ,m>xian communism & jo9 me 9 an ef=t to bani% ! fictiti\s1 sup]/iti\s gods f ! skies & ! ly+1 robb+ capitali/s f ! e>?1 ,i am ) e good wi%1 ,v cordially y\rs1 ,,wm4 ,m4 ,,br[n4 ,br[nella ,cottage1 ,galion1 ,ohio4 ,,footnotes3 ,d ,?is lett] 0 writt5 9 ,july1 #aiai1 & s5t to ! press 9 ,septemb]1 #aibj4 ,9 ! int]im sev]al ( its repres5tations & argum5ts 7 made m complete3 !re=e1 "s among ! additions be> ! m>ks ( dates belong+ to lat] mon?s4 ,e ,accord+ to ! %[+ ( ! sci5ce ( biblical criticism !re is m ?an "o ,jesus ( :om we h an acc\nt 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t3 7#a7 a naturali/ic1 ?is-worldly1 pacific1 human ,jesus1 & 7#b7 a sup]naturali/ic1 o!r-worldly1 bellig]5t1 div9e ,jesus1 ! ,jesus ( or?odox ,*ri/ians4 ,f ,?is %all be true ( ,m>xian socialism :5 x is triumphant1 b x w n be s :ile x is p]secut$4 ,sociali/ ,russia has ask$ = peace aft] e w> :i* ! capitali/ nations 7,engl&1 ,france1 ,italy & ,am]ica7 h wag$ aga9/ h]1 n because %e c\ld no long] def5d h]self1 b = ! reason t h] socialism1 be+ co-op]ative 9 its "*1 necess>ily imposes human5ess2 yet !y c\ld n grant x1 because _! capitalism1 be+ competitive 9 its "*1 z necess>ily imposes inhuman5ess4 ,! h& ( ! capitali/ _w is aggressively aga9/ sociali/ ,russia1 & mu/ be1 because ! life ( capitalism dep5ds ^u h] dea?3 & h] h& is def5sively aga9/ all ! capitali/ nations4 ,capitalism & socialism _c occupy ! e>? toge!r4 ,ei!r ! "o or ! o!r mu/ h all ( x4 ,mank9d 9 g5]al is illu/rat+ ! tru? ( ! prov]b :i* has be5 illu/rat$ by s _m families 9 p>ticul>--a h\se divid$ aga9/ itself _c /&4 ,,! ,,gr& ,,m>* ,by ,hel5 ,kell] ,! h\r has /ruck = ! ,gr& ,m>*6 ,onw>d1 ,comrades1 all toge!r6 ,fall 9 l9e6 ,/>t ! ,new ,ye> ) a *e]6 ,let u jo9 ! _w's procession m>*+ t[>d a glad tomorr[4 ,/rong ( hope & brave 9 he>t ! ,we/ %all meet ! ,ea/6 ,m>* ) u1 bro!rs e "o6 ,m>* ) u to all ?+s new6 ,climb ) u ! hills ( ,god to a wid]1 holi] life4 ,onw>d1 ,comrades1 all toge!r1 onw>d to meet ! ,dawn6 ,leave beh9d y d\bts & fe>s6 ,:at ne$ h we = ifs & buts8 ,away ) p>ties1 s*ools & leagues6 ,get toge!r1 keep 9 /ep1 %\ld] to %\ld]1 he>ts ?robb+ z "o6 ,face ! future1 out-d>+ all y h d>$6 ,m>* on1 ,o ,comrades1 /rong & free1 out ( d>kness1 out ( sil5ce1 out ( hate & cu/om's dead5+ sway6 ,onw>d1 ,comrades1 all toge!r1 onw>d to ! w9d-bl[n ,dawn6 ,) u %all g ! ,new ,day1 %9+ beh9d ! d>k4 ,) u %all g ,p[]1 ,k1 ,ju/ice1 ,tru?4 ,! "t is full6 ,a new _w awaits u4 ,its fruits1 its joys1 its opportunities are ours = ! tak+6 ,fe> n ! h>d%ips ( ! road--! /orm1 ! p>*+ heat or w9t]'s cold1 hung] or ?ir/ or ambu%$ foe6 ,!re are bright lights ahead ( u1 leave ! %ad[s beh9d6 ,9 ! ,ea/ a new /> is ris56 ,) pa9 & angui% ! ,old ,ord] has giv5 bir? to ! ,new1 & behold1 9 ! ,ea/ a man-*ild is born6 ,onw>d1 ,comrades1 all toge!r6 ,onw>d to ! camp-fires ( ,russia6 ,onw>d to ! com+ ,dawn6 ,?r\gh ! night ( our despair r+s ! ke5 call ( ! ,new ,day4 ,all ! p[]s ( d>kness c\ld n /ill t %\t ( joy 9 f>-away ,mosc[6 ,meteor-l ?r\gh ! heav5s fla%$ ! gold5 words ( light1 ,soviet ,republic ( ,russia4 ,words sun-l pi]c+ ! d>k1 joy\s radiant love-words bani%+ hate1 bidd+ ! teem+ _w ( m5 to wake & live6 ,onw>d1 ,comrades1 all toge!r1 onw>d to ! bright1 r$eem+ ,dawn6 ,) peace & bro!rhood make sweet ! bitt] way ( m56 ,today1 & all ! days to come1 repeat ! ,^w ( ,him :o said1 ,?\ %all n kill4 ,s5d on psalm+ w9ds ! angel-*orus1 ,peace on e>?1 good-w to m54 ,onw>d m>*1 & keep on m>*+ until ,8 ,w on e>? is done6 ,onw>d1 ,comrades1 all toge!r1 onw>d to ! life-giv+ f\nta9 ( ,dawn6 ,all along ! road beside u ?rong ! peoples sad & brok51 weep+ wom51 *ildr5 hungry1 homeless l little birds ca/ out ( _! ne/4 ,) _! he>ts aflame1 untam$1 glory+ 9 m>tyrdom !y hail u pass+ quickly1 ,halt n1 ,o ,comrades1 yond] glimm]s ! /> ( our hope1 ! r$-c5t]$ dawn 9 ! ,ea/6 ,halt n1 le/ y p]i% ere y rea* ! ,l& ( ,promise4 ,onw>d1 ,comrades1 all toge!r1 onw>d to ! sun-r$ ,dawn6 ,illu/ration3 ,,k>l ,,m>x ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,d>w9 ,,communism ,,& ,,*ri/ianism ,,analyz$ ,,& ,,contra/$ ,,f ,,! ,,m>xian ,,& ,,d>w9ian ,,po9ts ,,( ,,view ,,"p ,,ii4 ,*ri/ianism3 ,a ,sup]naturali/ic ,o!r-worldly ,gospel = ! ,pass+ ,age ( ,class ,inequality & ,economic ,slav]y--,an ,op5 ,lett] to a ,*ri/ian ,!ologian & ,bro!r ,*ur*man4 ,revolutionize capitalism out ( /ate & or?odoxy out ( *ur*4 ,,=eword,g ,! contradiction 9 t]ms kn[n z ! ,*ri/ian ,sociali/ is inevitably antagoni/ic to work+-class int]e/s & ! wag+ ( ! class /ruggle4 ,8 policy 7t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sociali/7 is ! conciliation ( classes1 ! frat]nity ( robb] & robb$1 n ! end ( classes4 ,8 av[$ object1 inde$1 is usually to purge ! ,sociali/ movem5t ( its mat]ialism1 & ?is means to purge x ( its ,socialism & to div]t x f its mat]ial aims to ! fruitless *as+ ( spiritual w-o'-!-wisps4 ,a ,*ri/ian ,sociali/ is1 9 fact1 an anti-,sociali/4 ,cle>ly1 !n1 ! basis ( ,sociali/ philosophy is utt]ly incompatible ) religi\s ideas2 inde$1 ! latt] h be5 r$uc$ to _! logical absurdity 9 :at is call$ ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce4 ,moreov]1 ! consi/5t ,*ri/ian1 if su* exi/s1 c\ld look ^u ! exi/+ _w only z an ess5tial "p ( ,god's plan1 to be acc\nt$ = only ?r\gh ,god1 & modifi$ at ,god's pleasure4 ,he c\ld reg>d ^? :o s\ght ! explanation ( social conditions 9 purely natural causes1 & :o also s\ght to take advantage ( economic developm5t 9 ord] to turn ?is vale ( te>s into a pleasant g>d51 only z m5 :o d5i$ by _! acts ! v basis ( 8 fai?4 ,,footnotes3 ,g ,f ! ,(ficial ,manife/o by ! ,sociali/ ,p>ty ( ,great ,brita91 %[+ ! ,antagonism betwe5 ,socialism & ,religion4 ,,*ri/ianism3 ,a ,,sup]naturali/ic ,,o!r-,,worldly ,,gospel ,,= ,,! ,,pass+ ,,age ,,( ,,class ,,inequality ,,& ,,economic ,,slav]y4 ,come ov] & help u4 ,ab&on ,re=matory = ,revolution>y ,socialism4 ,my ,de> ,bro!r3 ,y\r lett] 7,april #a/1 #aibj7 enclos+ an essay1 entitl$1 ,is ,!re a ,god1 came duly to h& & ,i ?ank y w>mly = x4 ,! essay is a ma/]piece & ,i hope y c let me keep ?is copy1 or make ano!r = myself1 = ref]5ce :5 ,i am writ+ or conv]s+ on its l9es1 z is frequ5tly ! case4 ,i4 ,9 ! dispute betwe5 y\rself & fri5d ( :i* y speak1 y are altoge!r "r & he is entirely wrong4 ,9 ! la/ analysis x is a disputation z to :e!r or n ! ,jewi%-,*ri/ian bible conta9s an infallible revelation f an omnisci5t be+1 a triune god1 ,fa!r1 ,son & ,_s4 ,x does n4 ,z an objectivity !re is no su* div9ity4 ,he is a subjectivity exi/+ 9 ! imag9ation ( or?odox ,*ri/ians4 ,y d n agree ) me 9 ?is1 b e day ( ?\ght & /udy deep5s ! conviction t x is true4 ,none among ! gods ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion are objectivities4 ,! less] ones are g5]ally gho/s ( dead m51 & ! great] ones are z g5]ally v]sions ( ! sun-my?4 ,! "o god ( ! ,jews & ! triune god ( ! ,*ri/ians1 if tak5 s]i\sly1 are sup]/itions2 & ! bible revelations ( _! will+s & records ( _! do+s1 if tak5 lit]ally1 are lies4 ,bo? ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts are utt]ly wor?less z hi/ory4 ,! twelve patri>*s ( ! ,jewi% ,god1 ,jehovah1 are n hi/orical p]sonages1 b my?s1 & ?is is true ( ! twelve apo/les ( ! ,*ri/ian ,god1 ,jesus4 ,yes1 ! ,old ,te/am5t is ! ,jewi% v]sion ( ! immemorial & univ]sal sun-my?1 rewritt5 sev]al times = ! purpose1 n ( tell+ any tru?1 b ( impos+ ! fiction t ,jehovah & 8 p con/itute ! greate/ procession t ev] came d[n ! pike ( sup]naturalism4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is ! ,*ri/ian v]sion ( ! same my?1 only ) ! view ( %[+ t ,jehovah & ! ,jews 7 n1 b ,jesus & ,*ri/ians are1 ?is procession4 ,9 itself1 ! sun-my?1 z symbolism1 is n only poetically beautiful1 b also sci5tifically true2 yet1 z lit]alism1 x is 9 ! case ( ! ignorant1 sup]/ition1 & 9 ! case ( ! educat$1 self-deception4 ,! sun is1 9 a v lit]al & real s5se1 ! creator-god 9 :om ?is _w lives1 moves & has its be+2 & he is ! savi\r-god :o 0 born ( a virg9 nebula1 & e w9t] desc5ds into hell & rises f ! dead 7! s\!rn sol/ice7 by a new bir? & asc5ds into heav5 to be seat$ at ! "r h& ( ! fa!r 7! sky7 at ! nor!rn sol/ice1 & f9ally he is ! illum9ator god :o lighte? e man t come? into ! _w4 ,& ! apo/les :o prea*$ ! gospel ( ! r$emption ( ! _w are ! twelve signs ( ! zodiac ?r\gh :i* ! sun app>5tly passes 9 its annual asc5sion to ! summ] sol/ice & desc5sion to ! w9t] sol/ice4 ,nor is ?is all3 ! ,lamb ( ,god t take? away ! s9s ( ! _w is ! sign ( ! zodiac1 ,aries 7%eep1 ram7 ?r\gh :i* ! sun passes t[>ds ! end ( ,m>*1 :5 all ! savi\r-gods annually di$ & rose aga94 ,! ris+ symbolizes ! return ( ! sun t[>ds ! nor!rn sol/ice f ! s\!rn "o1 ^u :i* return se$-"t & h>ve/ are dep5d5t1 )\t :i* ! _w w\ld p]i%1 n inde$ by s9 b by />vation4 ,jehovah is ! sun-my? rewritt5 to fit 9 ) ! ideals & hopes ( ! own+1 ma/] class ( ! ,jews4 ,jesus is ! sun-my? rewritt5 to fit 9 ) ! ideals & hopes ( ! own+ ma/] class ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,*ri/ian god1 ,jesus1 is an improvem5t ^u ! ,jewi% god1 ,jehovah1 because ( ! division ( labor4 ,! task ( ! own+ ma/] class is a tw(old "o1 ! robb+ ( ! weak own]s by ! /rong ones 9 w>s1 & ! robb+ ( ! slaves by ! ma/]s :i* "u ! capitali/ sy/em is done 9 surplus pr(its4 ,jehovah s]ves ,*ri/ians z ! god ( w>4 ,9 8 "n !y wage w>s1 ei!r z gr\ps )9 a nation hav+ diff]5t comm]cial int]e/s1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,civil ,w> ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or z nations aga9/ nations ) diff]5t comm]cial int]e/s1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,revolution>y w> ( ! ,colonies ) ,engl&1 or ! ,_w ,w> ( ! ,alli$ c\ntries ) ! ,c5tral ones4 ,jesus s]ves ,*ri/ians z ! god ( slav]y4 ,:5 !y h successfully wag$ a w> ( conque/1 z ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs did aga9/ ! ,indians ( ,am]ica1 or :5 !y h appropriat$ all ! means & ma*9es ( production1 z ! capitali/s h ev]y:]e1 !y reconcile ! prop]tyless to a t]re/rial hell ( toil1 want1 sorr[ & slav]y by prea*+ ! ,jesu9e gospel ( hope = a cele/ial heav5 ( et]nal re/1 joy1 pl5ty & fre$om4 ,"s = ! ,glories ( ,?is ,_w2 & "s ,sigh = ! ,prophet's ,p>adise to come2 ,ah1 take ! ,ca%1 & let ! ,cr$it g1 ,nor he$ ! rumble ( a di/ant ,drum4 ,9 remak+ ! ,jewi% god to suit _! purposes ( robb+ & enslav+1 ! ,*ri/ian own+ ma/] class provid$ = a fur!r division ( 8 "w by creat+ ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o devotes himself to ! giv+ ( new revelations ( ! w ( ,jehovah & int]pret+ ! e>li] ones z !y are record$ 9 ! bible4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t ! ma/]s are ! /rong p ( ! _w1 b !y are n4 ,labor is really ! giant1 ! ,samson1 & x w\ld be impossible = ! pigmy1 capital1 to rob him1 b = 8 lack ( k4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ sees to x t ! slave class is kept 9 ignorance4 ,! ,engli%-,g]man1 or if y pref]1 ! ,g]man-,engli% w> has be5 an eye-op5] to ! giant1 labor1 & capital is ru9$ unless he c get him to sleep aga94 ,capital kn[s t ,m>x 0 "r 9 *>act]iz+ ! or?odox int]pretations ( religion1 includ+ ! ,*ri/ian "o1 & especially x1 z a sleep+ potion4 ,! *ur*es 7 ! dormitories 9 :i* ! slaves slept ?r\gh ! night ( ! d>k ages ( traditionalism1 b ! light ( ! age ( sci5tism is break+ ^u ! _w & mo/ ( ! slaves h left ! *ur*es & are n[ beyond ! rea* ( _! c>e-tak]s1 ! prea*]s4 ,:5 ,i wrote ! ,level ,plan = ,*ur* ,union1 ,i believ$ t ! com+ toge!r ( ! *ur*es w\ld prove to be a bless+ to ! _w1 b ,i am n[ p]suad$ t x w\ld be a curse1 because ! league ( *ur*es w\ld co-op]ate ) ! league ( nations 9 its robb+ & enslav+ s*emes1 ! *ur*es do+ ! ly+ & ! nations ! co]c+4 ,we are liv+ 9 ! age ( sci5tism &1 9 ! case ( its true sons & daught]s1 only sci5tifically demon/rat$ facts c\nt 9 any argum5tation4 ,f ! sci5tific po9t ( view x is se5 t !re is b "o univ]sal ,k+dom ( ,life1 ,nature4 ,?is k+dom may be divid$ into ?ree1 p]haps f\r1 /ates con/itut+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,life3 ! m9]al1 ! vegetable1 ! animal & ! human4 ,beg9n+ ) ! highe/1 ea* ( ^! /ates1 except ! l[e/1 is dep5d5t ^u ! next l[]4 ,! only indep5d5t autonom\s /ate 9 ! k+dom is ! m9]al4 ,?is is ! greate/ bo? z to its ext5t & importance4 ,x is ! common s\rce ( e supply ( all ! /ates ( life1 & ! seat ( ea* ( _! gov]nm5ts4 ,all !ologians & "s metaphysicians po/ulate a fif? /ate ( life1 ! div9e1 plac+ x above ! re/ z _! s\rce4 ,comte1 :o prec$$ ,m>x z a social philosoph]1 & :o is ! f\nd] ( mod]n socialism ( ! re=matory type1 z ,m>x is ( ! revolution>y "o1 _h ?is to say ab\t ! !ologians1 metaphysicians & sci5ti/s1 & he 0 "r3 ,f ! /udy ( ! developm5t ( human intellig5ce1 9 all directions1 & ?r\gh all times1 ! discov]y arises ( a great fundam5tal law1 to :i* x is necess>ily subject1 & :i* has a solid f\ndation ( pro(1 bo? 9 ! facts ( our organization & 9 our hi/orical exp]i5ce4 ,?is law is ?is3 t ea* ( our lead+ conceptions--ea* bran* ( our k--passes successively ?r\gh ?ree diff]5t !oretical conditions3 ! !ological1 or fictiti\s2 ! metaphysical1 or ab/ract2 & ! sci5tific1 or positive4 ,9 o!r words1 ! human m9d1 by its nature1 employs 9 its progress ?ree me?ods ( philosophiz+1 ! "* ( :i* is ess5tially diff]5t & radically oppos$3 viz41 ! !ological me?od1 ! metaphysical & ! positive4 ,h5ce arise ?ree philosophies1 or g5]al sy/ems ( conceptions on ! aggregate ( ph5om5a1 ea* ( :i* excludes ! o!rs4 ,! fir/ is ! necess>y po9t ( dep>ture ( ! human und]/&+2 ! ?ird is its fix$ & def9ite /ate4 ,! second is m]ely a /ate ( transition4 ,9 ord] = a man :o has rea*$ ! sci5tific /age 9 8 intellectual developm5t to make any?+ out ( ! reason+s ( ^? :o are /ill 9 ! /age ( !ological *ildhood or 9 t ( metaphysical adolesc5ce1 x is necess>y = him to use _! insub/antialities z symbols ( 8 sub/antialities4 ,! only diff]5ce t ,i c see betwe5 a !ologian & a metaphysician is t1 :]eas ! =m] p]sonifies a g5]ality :i* is ! creation ( 8 imag9ation1 call+ x a god1 ! latt] objectifies a p>ticul>ity :i* is ! creation ( 8 imag9ation call+ x an entity2 b all su* p]sonifications & objectifications 7gods1 ?+s-9-!mselves1 vital entities1 s\ls7 are alike fictiti\s1 because ! *ildi% !ologians & metaphysicians proce$ on ! basis ( philosophically assum$ realities1 n on sci5tifically e/abli%$ facts :i* pave ! way on :i* an adult proce$s4 ,comte analyzes ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! intellectuality ( !ological *ildr51 metaphysical y\?s & sci5tific adults z foll[s3 ,9 ! !ological /ate1 ! human m9d1 seek+ ! ess5tial nature ( be+s1 ! fir/ & f9al causes 7! orig9 & purpose7 ( all effects--9 %ort1 absolute k--supposes all ph5om5a to be produc$ by ! imm$iate action ( sup]natural be+s4 ,9 ! metaphysical /ate1 :i* is only a modification ( ! fir/1 ! m9d supposes1 in/ead ( sup]natural be+s1 ab/ract =ces1 v]itable entities 7t is1 p]sonifi$ ab/ractions7 inh]5t 9 all be+s1 & capable ( produc+ all ph5om5a4 ,:at is call$ ! explanation ( ph5om5a is1 9 ?is /age1 a m]e ref]5ce ( ea* to its prop] entity4 ,9 ! f9al1 ! positive /ate1 ! m9d has giv5 ov] ! va9 se>* aft] absolute notions1 ! orig9 & de/9ation ( ! univ]se1 & ! causes ( ph5om5a1 & applies itself to ! /udy ( _! laws--t is1 _! inv>iable relations ( succession & resemblance4 ,reason+ & obs]vation1 duly comb9$1 are ! means ( ?is k4 ,:at is n[ und]/ood :5 we speak ( an explanation ( facts is simply ! e/abli%m5t ( a connection betwe5 s+le ph5om5a & "s g5]al facts ! numb] ( :i* cont9ually dim9i%es ) ! progress ( sci5ce4 ,!re is no sci5ce :i*1 hav+ atta9$ ! positive /age1 does n be> ! m>ks ( hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! o!rs4 ,"s "t s9ce x 0 7:atev] x might be n[7 compos$1 z we c n[ p]ceive1 ( metaphysical ab/ractions3 &1 fur!r back 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 x took its =m f !ological conceptions4 ,our mo/ advanc$ sci5ces /ill be> v evid5t m>ks ( ! two e>li] p]iods ?r\gh :i* !y pass$4 ,! progress ( ! individual m9d is n only an illu/ration1 b an indirect evid5ce ( t ( ! g5]al m9d4 ,! po9t ( dep>ture ( ! individual & ! race be+ ! same1 ! phases ( ! m9d ( m5 correspond to ! epo*s ( ! m9d ( ! race4 ,h[ ea* ( u is aw>e1 if he looks back ^u 8 own hi/ory1 t he 0 a !ologian 9 8 *ildhood1 a metaphysician 9 8 y\? & a natural philosoph] 9 8 manhood4 ,all m5 :o are up to _! age c v]ify ?is = !mselves4 ,accord+ to ! sci5tific classification1 !re are only ?ree k+doms or /ates ( life1 ! m9]al1 ! vegetable & ! animal4 ,! life ( ! vegetable k+dom has aris5 out ( ! life ( ! m9]al k+dom & is su/a9$ by x4 ,! di/+ui%$ sci5ti/1 ,pr(essor ,l[ell1 says1 !re is n[ no m reason to d\bt t plants grew out ( *emical aff9ity ?an to d\bt t /ones did1 & ne>ly all out/&+ zoologi/s w\ld say z mu* ( animals4 ,sir ,j4 ,burdon ,s&]son1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t among biologi/s1 insi/s t 9 physiology ! ^w life is und]/ood to mean ! *emical & physical activities ( ! p>ts ( :i* ! organism consi/s4 ,! r5[n$ ,sir ,ray ,lanke/] /r5u\sly holds t zoology is ! sci5ce :i* seeks to arrange & discuss ! ph5om5a ( animal life & =m1 z ! outcome ( ! op]ation ( ! laws ( physics & *emi/ry1 & goes s f> z to say t he kn[s ( no lead+ biologi/ :o is ( a diff]5t op9ion4 ,! pr9ce ( biologi/s1 ! late ,pr(essor ,haeckel1 occupi$ ?is position & impregnably =tifi$ x 9 sev]al great books1 especially 9 8 ,riddle ( ! ,univ]se4 ,!re is no =ce t is n life1 nor life :i* is n =ce2 & !re is no life or =ce1 ab\t :i* we "k any?+1 )\t a body or *emical laboratory4 ,s f> z is kn[n1 !re is only "o life--=ce4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 lives is a "q ( ! organism1 ! laboratory1 :i* gives embodim5t to =ce4 ,! life t enables ! :eels ( a locomotive to g1 ! sap ( a tree to fl[1 ! he>t ( an animal to beat & ! bra9 ( a man to ?9k is ! same *emical pot5tiality diff]5tly organiz$4 ,dur+ all hi/orical "t & ov] all ! e>?1 "u "o "n or ano!r1 ! :ole _w has kept days ( rejoic+ = life1 especially ,?anksgiv+1 ,*ri/mas1 ,new ,ye> & ,ea/]4 ,no?+ is s wond]ful z life & p]haps ! greate/ ( its wond]s is t all ( x is ( ! same k9d4 ,ev]y?+ & e be+ is alive ) ! same life4 ,! ,?anksgiv+ day %eaf ( :eat1 ! ,*ri/mas day ,son ( ,man & ! ,ea/] day ,son ( ,god 7if !re are consci\s1 p]sonal gods & !y h sons7 are alive & _! life is ! same1 ! diff]5ce be+ :olly 9 ! =m & degree1 n at all 9 k9d4 ,a pro( ( ! on5ess & sam5ess ( all life1 not)/&+ its widely diff]5t =ms & degrees1 is ! fact t a b> ( iron1 a /ick ( wood1 a piece ( fle% & a section ( bra9 respond alike to ! same electrical /imulus1 & all may be poison$ or o!rwise kill$ s t !y w make no response to x4 ,p]haps ev5 a m conclusive evid5ce is t ! eggs 7e =m ( bo? vegetable & animal life develops f an egg7 ( "s animals r high 9 ! "o tree ( mundane life1 :i* has a common root & a /ump1 b two /ems1 ! vegetable & ! animal1 c be me*anically f]tiliz$ by *emical processes4 ,ev5 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 ! mo/ conspicu\s among ! comp>atively few m5 ( sci5ce :o hold to ! !ory t life comes to ! e>? z vital entities ( cele/ial orig9 & de/9ation1 makes ?is fatal admission3 ,!re is pl5ty ( physics & *emi/ry & me*anics ab\t e vital action4 ,on ! !ory ( traditional ,*ri/ianity !re 0 no physics1 *emi/ry or me*anics connect$ ) ! vital actions :i* orig9ally br\ght ! univ]se & all t !re9 01 includ+ ! e>? ) its vegetable1 animal & human k+doms1 into exi/5ce4 ,e repres5tative ( ea* =m ( life 9 ^! k+doms 79 ! vegetable3 a grass blade1 a :eat /alk1 an oak tree2 or 9 ! animal3 an insect1 a horse1 a man7 is a *emical laboratory = ! production1 su/5tation1 advancem5t & procreation ( a p>ticul> type ( "o univ]sal life4 ,^! laboratories h all ! pot5tialities ( _! respective lives )9 !mselves1--no laboratory1 no *emi/ry2 no *emi/ry1 no life4 ,:at life is1 bo? z to its manife/ation & "*1 is det]m9$ by ! =m ( organization ?r\gh :i* =ce1 all !re is ( life1 becomes a p>ticul> & diff]5tiat$ vital ph5om5on4 ,?is is z true ( /ates & *ur*es z x is ( trees & m51 = a *ur* or a /ate is a vital ph5om5on z really s z a tree or a man4 ,! tr\ble ) e re=matory socialism ( mod]n times is t x und]takes ! impossibility ( *ang+ ! fruit ( ! capitali/ic /ate into t ( ! communi/ic "o1 )\t *ang+ ! political organism2 b to d t is z impossible z to ga!r grapes f ?orns or figs f ?i/les4 ,h5ce an uproot+ & replant+ are necess>y 7a revolution n a re=mation7 :i* w give ! _w a new tree ( /ate4 ,capitalism no long] gr[s ! fruits 7foods1 clo!s & h\ses7 :i* are necess>y to ! su/5ance ( ! _w4 ,h5ce x encumb]s ! gr\nd & mu/ be dug up by ! roots 9 ord] t a tree :i* is s organiz$ t x w be> ^! necessities may be plant$ 9 its place4 ,! p ( ,russia h accompli%$ ?is uproot+ & replant+ 7?is revolution7 9 ! case ( _! /ate1 & ^? ( e nation are de/9$ to d ! same 9 "o way or ano!r1 ea* accord+ to its hi/orical & economic developm5t1 "s p]haps ) viol5ce1 mo/1 ,i hope1 peaceably4 ,! ,russian ,bol%eviki occupy ! highe/ peak 9 man's hi/ory2 & :ile !y /&1 ! _w w be safe = indu/rial democracy4 ,?is democracy is ! tree ( life ^: fruits are = ! su/5ance ( ! nations & ^: v leaves are = _! heal+4 ,! only lives ( :i* we ne$ "k aught are ^? t we %all live 9 our bodies by *emical processes & 9 ! race by consci\s or unconsci\s influ5ces2 =1 if !re is ano!r1 x w take c>e ( itself1 if we take c>e ( ^!4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 all life is on a level & s9ce morality1 religion & ,*ri/ianity are b manife/ations ( x1 d y n see h[ pr(\ndly & incontrov]tibly true is my levelism8 ,accord+ to ?is levelism all int]pretations ( ,*ri/ianity 7prote/ant & ca?olic--congregational1 presbyt]ian1 episcopalian & papal7 & all ! int]pretations ( religion 7,*ri/ian1 ,jewi%1 ,mohamm$an1 ,buddhi/ic & ! re/7 are ess5tially on ! same foot+1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m be+ :olly a "q ( natural excell5cies1 n at all ( sup]natural uniqu5ess4 ,! sci5ce ( biology e/abli%es my levelism by prov+ t animal & human life are on a level z to _! orig91 "* & de/9y4 ,! sci5ce ( sociology e/abli%es my levelism by prov+ t animal & human in/itutions are on a level1 & t !re=e1 !re is no?+ m sup]natural ab\t a human /ate or *ur* ?an ab\t an ant hill or a bee hive4 ,! sci5ce ( lit]>y criticism e/abli%es my levelism by prov+ t ! bibles ( ! sev]al int]pretations ( religion are on a level z to _! entirely human orig9 & au?ority4 ,! sci5ce ( ! comp>ative int]pretations ( religion e/abli%es my levelism by prov+ t all ! consci\s1 p]sonal creator-gods1 de/roy]-gods1 savi\r-gods & illum9ator-gods1 ) all _! angels1 heav5s & hells1 are s _m my?s--creations ( ! human imag9ation1 subjective fictions1 n objective realities4 ,until comp>atively rec5t times1 ?r\gh all ! !ological hi/ory ( mank9d1 ! sun 0 almo/ univ]sally reg>d$ z a god4 ,manife/ly )\t x !re c\ld be no life on e>?1 & its annually recurr+ motions are su* z to give ! impression ( bir? & dea?--( bir? by asc5sion into ! heav5 ( ! summ] sol/ice--( dea? by desc5sion into ! hell or grave ( ! w9t] sol/ice4 ,n only is ! sun ! giv] & su/a9] ( life1 b x is also ! light t lighte? e man t come? into ! _w4 ,mod]n sci5ce ju/ifies ?is anci5t conception z to ! dep5d5ce ( ! e>?1 & all t !reon is1 ^u ! sun = its be+4 ,by a slight adaptation m5 ( sci5ce & sci5tific philosoph]s c\ld use ! v words ( ! apo/le ,john at ! op5+ ( 8 v]sion ( ! ,*ri/ian gospel1 :]e he says ( ,jesus1 :at !y say ( ! sun3 ,all ?+s 7 made by him & )\t him 0 n any?+ made t 0 made4 ,9 him is life2 & ! life is ! light ( m54 ,! bir?1 dea?1 desc5sion1 resurrection & asc5sion ( all ! ,savi\r-gods1 n except+ ,jesus1 are v]sions ( ! sun-my?4 ,yet ! naturalness1 ! univ]salness1 ! beautifulness & )al ! pr(\nd tru?fulness ( ?is my? are su* z to r5d] x almo/ z undesirable z x is next to impossible to relegate x to ! realm ( sup]/ition1 to :i* x %\ld und\bt$ly be assign$ if a lit]al int]pretation is a necessity4 ,! m sci5ce advances1 ! m ( preci\s poetry & pa?os1 & ( deep v]ity1 too1 is se5 9 ! ,savi\r-gods1 :o are ess5tially ! same my?ical p]sonifications ( ! glori\s sun & ( ! happy ev5ts ( its annual c>e]1 because f x ! e>? ) its bro!r & si/] planets _h _! orig91 & because f x ! e>?1 n to speak ( ! o!r planets1 has ! heat1 light & =ce :i* make its life a possibility4 ,!re is no reason = believ+ t any "o among ! gods ( ! f\r old sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion 7,jehovah1 ,jesus1 ,allah1 ,buddha7 or t ei!r ( ! gods ( ! two new int]pretations by ! r5[n$ physici/1 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 & ! di/+ui%$ sociologi/1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells1 has _h m to d 9 creat+1 su/a9+ & gov]n+ ?is _w ?an ano!r1 t is to say1 !re is no gr\nd = believ+ t ! p]sonal1 consci\s gods 9 ! skies ei!r individually or collectively h _h any?+ at all to d ) x4 ,sci5ce1 z x is und]/ood by ! great majority ( its expon5ts1 tea*es t ! e>? 7) all ?+s1 physical & psy*ical1 :i* contribute to make its _w :at x has be51 is1 & is to be7 0 orig9ally 9 ! sun1 & w\ld quickly disappe> into its orig9al1 unorganiz$ elem5ts b = ! sun4 ,?is is z true ( man z ( all else4 ,he ) 8 bra9 & its ?\ght1 ) 8 h& & its skill2 ) 8 homes1 f>ms1 cities1 m9es1 %ops1 /ores1 tra9s1 %ips1 s*ools1 hospitals & *ur*es2 ) 8 hate1 be/iality & b>b>ism1 & ) 8 love1 human5ess & civilization1 0 9 ! sun1 billions ( ye>s be=e 8 appe>ance on ! e>?4 ,speak+ ( ?+s app]ta9+ to ! _w w>3 !re 9 ! sun1 be=e x _h ?r[n (f ! e>?1 7 ! kais] on ! ?rone1 ! presid5t 9 ! :ite h\se1 ! millions ( soldi]s1 ! uni=ms1 ! rations1 ! =ts1 ! cannons1 guns1 p[d] & %ot1 ! tr5*es1 ! b>b$ wire1 ! dreadn\ghts1 ! subm>9es1 ! a]oplanes1 ! wireless telegraph /ations1 ! w\nd$1 _! suff]+s & groans1 ! doctors & nurses1 ! corpses1 ! cripples1 ! brok5 he>ts2 yes1 & all ! ?+s connect$ ) t t]rible w>2 ! b]eav$ mo!rs1 ! wid[$ wives1 ! outrag$ girls1 ! ru9$ c\ntry1 ! wreck$ cities1 7 9 ! sun f its beg9n+1 inde$ :ile x 0 yet a nebula1 _m ?\s&s ( millions ( ye>s previ\s to ! bir? ( ! e>?4 ,if we except intrud]s into our sol> sy/em1 su* z comets & _! comp>atively inconsid]able effects1 we may say t e physical or psy*ical reality :i* at any "t has ent]$ into ! hi/ory ( ?is planet & t ( its bro!rs & si/]s 0 9 t va/ fl[+1 swirl+1 revolv+ globe ( gases :i* is kn[n to h be5 at "o "t at lea/ five billion miles 9 diamet]1 or fifte5 billions 9 circumf]5ce4 ,( c\rse no ph5om5on1 su* z ,jesus hang+ on ! cross1 if ,he liv$ & 0 crucifi$1 0 9 ! sun z an actuality1 b only z a pot5tiality4 ,nev]!less ,he1 ) ,8 doctr9e & ,8 suff]+1 0 !re1 else ,he w\ld nev] h be5 any:]e1 n 9 ! realm ( hi/ory1 n ev5 9 ! realm ( imag9ation4 ,! univ]se is ev] all t x c be1 & e pot5tiality :i* contributes to make x s is )9 itself4 ,:at is true 9 ?is respect ( ! univ]se z a :ole is equally s ( e "p ( x1 includ+ man1 & especially him1 because he is exceptionally capable ( controll+ 8 own de/9y1 be+ able n only to pres]ve life by a discov]y ( & con=mity to ! laws ^u :i* x is dep5d5t1 b also to enl>ge & enri* its cont5t by mak+ ^! laws co-op]ative s]vants4 ,! "t _c be f> (f :5 x w be se5 by all educat$1 ?\ghtful m5 & wom5 t if ! traditional1 sup]naturali/ic int]pretation ( ,*ri/ianity is ! only possible "o1 its message is n a gospel1 because its tea*+ t\*+ ?ree fundam5tals is1 9 ea* case1 contr>y to t ( ?ree relevant sci5ces3 #a4 ,! sci5ces ( a/ronomy1 geology & biology tea* t ! repres5tation ( traditional sup]naturali/ic int]pretation ( ,*ri/ianity to ! effect t ! univ]se1 includ+ ! e>? ) its physical & psy*ical life1 0 sup]naturally creat$ out ( no?+ by a consci\s1 p]sonal god is n true & !re=e c be no "p ( any gospel2 =1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ^! ?ree sci5ces1 ! tru? is3 ! univ]se ) all t !re9 is1 n except+ mank9d & civilization1 0 naturally evolv$ out ( a self-exi/+ matt] by a self-exi/+ =ce co-op]at+ 9 accordance ) ! necessity ( _! nature4 #b4 ,! sci5ces ( biology1 physiology & embryology tea* t ! repres5tation ( ! traditional1 sup]naturali/ic int]pretation ( ,*ri/ianity to ! effect t man & woman are unique be+s1 :o h sup]naturally d]iv$ _! physical =m1 vital & psy*ical pot5tialities directly f a consci\s1 p]sonal creator ) :om are _! natural affiliations1 is n true1 & !re=e c be no "p ( any gospel2 =1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ^! ?ree sci5ces1 ! tru? is3 man & woman z to _! :ole be+s 7body & m9d1 life & s\l7 7 naturally evolv$ f pre-exi/+ animal life1 n sup]naturally creat$ respectively out ( ! du/ & a rib1 s t !y owe _! exi/5ce to & natural aff9ities ) a t]re/rial & be/ial p>5tage1 n a cele/ial & div9e "o4 #c4 ,! sci5ces ( an?ropology1 sociology & comp>ative int]pretations ( religion tea* t ! repres5tation ( ! traditional1 sup]naturali/ic int]pretation ( ,*ri/ianity to ! effect t man & woman 7 sup]naturally creat$ 9 ! image & lik5ess ( a consci\s1 p]sonal god1 s9less & dea?less be+s ) ideal environm5ts1 b t !y fell f ?is happy e/ate1 ?r\gh a s]p5t9e inc>nation ( a sup]natural devil1 & are be+ re/or$ to x1 ?r\gh a human inc>nation ( a sup]natural savi\r1 is n true1 & !re=e c be no "p ( any gospel2 =1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ^! ?ree sci5ces1 ! tru? is3 dur+ _m ages man & woman1 9 bo? appe>ance & pr$ilection1 7 mu* m animal ?an div9e & t gradually1 )\t any sup]natural assi/ance1 !y h work$ !mselves out ( a /ate ( be/ial b>b>ism into "o ( human civilization4 ,x foll[s !re=e t ! repres5tations ( bo? ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 conc]n+ ! orig9 & hi/ory ( man are l>gely fictiti\s impositions1 n hi/orical compositions1 s mu* s1 t no confid5ce c safely be repos$ 9 any ( !m4 ,!re is no rational d\bt ab\t ! fictiti\s "* ( ! div9e ,jesus4 ,"s ?9k t ! human ,jesus may h be5 an hi/orical p]sonage2 b1 none among out/&+ s*ol>s believes t we h a connect$ acc\nt ( 8 life & "w1 & mo/ ( !m insi/ t we d n c]ta9ly "k any say+ or do+ ( 84 ,no religi\s doctr9e or in/itution ( :i* we h an acc\nt 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is peculi> to ,*ri/ianity & ?is is equally true ( moral precepts4 ,! gods ( all ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion are s _m creations ( ! dom9ant or ma/] class1 & _! revelations 7 put into _! m\?s by ! mak]s = ! purpose ( keep+ ! slave class ignorant & cont5t$4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ians e>ne/ly cont5d t ?is naturali/ic doctr9e makes = immorality4 ,h]etical sociali/s rationally answ] t ! life :i* m51 wom5 & *ildr5 live ) ref]5ce to _! t]re/rial influ5ce1 r ?an to cele/ial rew>ds or puni%m5ts1 is ! only "o :i* is liv$ to any moral purpose4 ,accord+ to socialism1 morality1 religion & ,*ri/ianity are b synonyms ( "o & ! same reality1 :i* consi/s :olly 9 ! desire & ef=t ( a man to le>n ! laws or do+s ( nature1 & to con=m 8 ?\ghts & words to !m1 9 ord] to make 8 pres5t life on e>?1 & t ( o!rs1 z long & happy z possible1 & n at all 9 a desire & ef=t to le>n :at ! w ( a consci\s1 p]sonal god is & to con=m to x1 9 ord] to avoid a hell & ga9 a heav5 = a future life 9 ! sky4 ,o ?reats ( ,hell & ,hopes ( ,p>adise6 ,"o ?+ at lea/ is c]ta9--,?is ,life flies2 ,"o ?+ is c]ta9 & ! re/ is ,lies2 ,! ,fl[] t once has bl[n =ev] dies4 ,if y object t ?is is a repres5tation ( a sceptical poet1 ,i reply t x is 9 alignm5t ) a repres5tation ( a scriptural prea*]3 ,= t :i* befalle? ! sons ( m5 befalle? bea/s2 ,ev5 "o ?+ befalle? !m2 ,z ! "o die?1 s die? ! o!r2 ,yea1 !y h all "o brea?2 ,s t a man ha? no pre-em95ce above a bea/2 ,= all is vanity4 ,all g unto "o place2 ,all are ( ! du/1 ,& all turn to du/ aga94 ,d>w9 %[$ t ea* man 9 8 physical developm5t f ! embryonic cell to bir? passes ?r\gh1 by %ort cuts1 ! diff]5t =ms ( life f say1 ! worm1 fi% & lemur ) all t w5t be=e1 int]v5$ betwe5 & foll[$ aft]1 & ,romanes %[$ t ?is is z true ( ! m9d z ( ! body2 t1 9 fact1 all ! repres5tatives ( ! animal k+dom are physically & psy*ically relat$1 & !re=e on ! same level z to _! orig9 & de/9y4 ,9 8 illum9at+ book entitl$1 ,! ,univ]sal ,k9%ip1 ,pr(essor ,moore says3 ,! embryonic developm5t ( a human be+ is no diff]5t f ! embryonic developm5t ( any o!r animal4 ,e human be+ at ! beg9n+ ( 8 organic exi/5ce is a protozoan1 ab\t #a-abe in* 9 diamet]2 at ano!r /age ( developm5t he is a t9y sac-%ap$ mass ( cells )\t blood or n]ves1 ! ga/rula2 at ano!r /age he is a worm1 ) a pulsat+ tube in/ead ( a he>t1 & )\t a head1 neck1 sp9al column1 or limbs2 at ano!r /age he has z a backbone1 a rod ( c>tilage ext5d+ along ! back1 & a fa9t n]ve cord1 z 9 ! amphioxus1 ! l[e/ ( ! v]tebrates2 at ano!r /age he is a fi% ) a two-*amb]$ he>t1 mesonephric kidneys1 & gill-slits1 ) gill art]ies lead+ to !m1 j z 9 fi%es2 at ano!r /age he is a reptile ) a ?ree-*amb]$ he>t1 & void+ 8 excreta ?r\gh a cloaca l o!r reptiles2 & f9ally1 :5 he ent]s ^u po/-natal s9s & actualities1 he is a sprawl+1 squall+1 unreason+ quadrup$4 ,! human l>va f ! fif? to ! sev5? mon? ( developm5t is cov]$ ) a ?ick gr[? ( hair & has a true caudal 7tail7 app5dage1 l ! monkey4 ,at ?is /age ! embryo has 9 all ?irty-eight v]tebrae1 n9e ( :i* are caudal1 & ! great toe ext5ds at "r angles to ! o!r toes1 & is n long] ?an ! o!r toes1 b %ort]1 z 9 ! ape4 ,surely no argum5t is ne$$ to conv9ce y t ,d>w9ism corroborates ! repres5tation ( our anci5t h]etical poet & scriptural prea*] conc]n+ a life beyond ! grave r ?an ! repres5tations ( mod]n or?odox !ologians4 ,/range1 is x n8 t ( ! myriads :o ,be=e u pass'd ! door ( ,d>kness ?r\gh1 ,n "o returns to tell u ( ! ,road1 ,:i* to discov] we mu/ travel1 too4 --,om>4 ,,ii4 ,9 hi/ory slav]y /&s out z a huge m\nta9 range trav]s+ ! :ole ( a cont95t4 ,dur+ long ages x 0 suppos$ t ^! ph5om5a ( ! human & physical worlds 7 due to ! w ( a god 7,jesus1 ,jehovah1 ,allah or ,buddha7 b ! vangu>d ( humanity has n[ rea*$ a viewpo9t f :i* x sees t bo? are alike due to a law1 t a law is :at nature does1 n :at a god has will$1 & t a sy/em ( slav]y & a range ( m\nta9s are due to ! same law4 ,! matt]-=ce law is ev]y:]e ! same1 & x is z omnipot5t & immutable 9 a social ord] z 9 a sol> sy/em4 ,! v law t m\lds a te>1 ,& bids x trickle f its s\rce1 ,t law pres]ves ! e>? a sph]e1 ,& guides ! planets 9 _! c\rse4 ,mo/ ( ! "t1 & especially j n[1 our _w is v full ( te>s1 almo/ z mu* s z space is full ( sph]es1 b !re w\ld n be half s _m te>s at any "t1 if ! laws ( /ates 7 s _m correct int]pretations ( ! laws ( nature4 ,9 e age1 ne>ly all ! hot te>s :i* deluge ! _w fl[1 l /reams ( spr+s1 f _! deep s\rces z ! result ( unnecess>y suff]+ by gr9d+ pov]ty1 by hopeless slav]y1 by avoidable diseases & by premature dea?s2 & by f> ! mo/ ( ^! & ( all suff]+s may be trac$ to man-made laws :i* n only h no correspond5ce ) ^? ( nature b are contr>y to !m--laws ( :i* bo? ! civil codes & religi\s bibles are too full4 ,y w agree ) me t society %\ld puni% none ( its memb]s by ! slighte/ f9e or %orte/ imprisonm5t1 n to speak ( dea?1 except on ! basis ( ju/ice4 ,s f>1 & x is a long way1 we c]ta9ly walk toge!r4 ,we "p company1 if at all1 on ! "q z to ! basis ( ju/ice1 b come toge!r aga9 9 ! conclusion t x is "r1 n might4 ,:at1 !n1 is ?is "r8 ,if y answ]3 ! law ( ! /ate z x is int]pret$ by a compet5t c\rt1 ,i reply3 no legal enactm5t1 & s1 ( c\rse1 no int]pretation ( "o1 c really con/itute a "r1 unless x is an embodim5t ( a tru? conta9+ an indisp5sable /one 9 ! f\ndation :i* is necess>y to ! sup]/ructure ( ! ideal civilization1 "u ! ro( ( :i* e man1 woman & *ild %all possess ! greate/ ( possible opportunities to make life = self z long & happy z x c be1 & to help o!rs 9 an ev] wid5+ circle to d ?is = !mselves4 ,laws are n made4 ,all social laws 7dome/ic1 civil1 comm]cial1 yes1 ev5 ! moral & religi\s ones7 are matt]-=ce realities1 z mu* s z is any o!r among all ! physical or psy*ical realities ent]+ into ! con/itution ( ! univ]se2 :i* realities are b ! expressions ( ! processes necess>ily result+ f ! necess>y co-exi/5ce & co-op]ation ( ?is matt] & =ce2 !re=e1 laws are s _m et]nal necessities &1 ?is be+ ! case1 x is n possible t m5 9 /ates or *ur*es %\ld make !m1 no1 n ev5 gods 9 heav5s4 ,man w\ld1 !n1 h progress$ mu* fur!r ) ! sup]/ructure ( an ideal civilization1 if only 9 8 ef=ts to rightly regulate 8 life1 he _h happily se>*$ out ! laws ( nature z !y are reveal$ ?r\gh its ph5om5a & int]pret$ by exp]i5ce & reason1 in/ead ( look+ = direction to ! laws ( ! gods 7,jehovah1 ,allah1 ,buddha or ev5 ,jesus7 z !y are reveal$ ?r\gh prophets & int]pret$ by k+s or presid5ts1 by prie/s or prea*]s & by o!r p[]s t be ( ,god 9 /ates & *ur*es--in/itutions :i* exi/ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! capitali/ class & aga9/ t ( ! labor class4 ,! _w owes by f> ! great] "p ( its mo/ poignant suff]+s to ?is fatal mi/ake ( look+ to gods 9 heav5s & _! repres5tatives on e>? = direction in/ead ( to nature & reason4 ,life 9 ! physical realm is dep5d5t ^u liv+ 9 h>mony ) ! matt]-=ce law4 ,! repres5tative ( any =m ( life 7m9]al1 vegetable1 animal1 human7 :i* ei!r ?r\gh ignorance1 accid5t or willfulness does n con=m to x1 is de/roy$ or at lea/ injur$4 ,life 9 ! moral "p ( ! psy*ical realm consi/s 9 a disposition & ef=t to le>n ! matt]-=ce law1 & to fulfill 9 ?\ght1 ^w & de$ ! individual obligations to self & ! social obligations to o!rs impos$ by x :5 x has be5 humanely int]pret$ by a man = himself4 ,religion & ,*ri/ianity are b wid] ext5sions ( "o & ! same great all-inclusive virtue1 morality1 )\t :i* human life w\ld n be wor? liv+1 inde$ n ev5 a possibility1 = )\t morality a man is a bea/1 n a human4 ,morality is ! greate/ ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,yet1 p>adoxical z ! repres5tation may seem1 !re is "o great] ?+1 fre$om--! lib]ty to ?9k1 speak & act 9 accordance ) "o's own convictions z to :at is ! law & z to :at are its requirem5ts4 ,)\t ?is lib]ty !re c\ld be no morality1 & !re=e1 fre$om is great] ?an ! greate/ ?+ 9 ! _w1 morality4 ,b lib]ty1 ! greate/ & mo/ indisp5sable necessity to morality1 religion & ,*ri/ianity1 inde$1 to ! exi/5ce ( a human be+1 is manife/ly impossible on ! !ory t a man mu/ be guid$ by ! w ( a consci\s1 p]sonal ,god 9 ! sky z x is int]pret$ by ! k+s & prie/s1 presid5ts & prea*]s on e>?4 ,y w note t ,i am n cont5d+ = ! lib]ty to live )\t ref]5ce to an ext]nal au?ority4 ,if ?is 7 my cont5tion y w\ld rightly insi/ 7z "s among my fri5ds d7 t ,i am an a!i/ 9 religion & an an>*i/ 9 politics2 b ,i am nei!r1 = ,i recognize ! fact t ,i mu/ live ) ref]5ce to ! exi/5ce ( an ext]nal au?ority1 matt]-=ce law1 & !re is no o!r1 ^u :i* any?+ good 9 religion or politics is dep5d5t4 ,no "o is an a!i/ 9 religion1 an an>*i/ 9 politics or any?+ bad1 :o1 9 ! physical realm ( life1 tries to live ) ref]5ce to ! law ( nature1 & :o1 9 ! moral realm ( life1 tries to live ) ref]5ce to a tru? :i* is t law humanely int]pret$ by himself 9 accordance ) 8 own exp]i5ce1 obs]vation1 inve/igation & reason4 ,9 ! nature ( ?+s1 ! int]pretation _c be by "s "o else1 because "o man _c live ! moral life on ano!r's ideals any m ?an he c live ! physical life on ano!r's meals4 ,s9ce ?is is ! case1 x foll[s t ! :ole conception ( a law :i* is will$ by a god & reveal$ or =mulat$ by 8 repres5tatives 7prophets1 k+s1 prie/s1 legislators7 to :i* a man mu/ h ref]5ce1 if he w\ld live ! moral life1 is1 at be/1 a h>mless fiction & at wor/ a hurtful sup]/ition4 ,!re is no "o 7man or god7 ) :om p c /& 9 ! moral realm except !mselves alone1 & if !y are n )9 ?is realm !y are n m5 & wom54 ,manhood is dep5d5t ^u /&+ alone ) matt]-=ce nature & ) human reason1 & x is manhood :i* really c\nts ev]y:]e 9 ! social realm1 = )\t manhood "o is no?+ any:]e 9 t realm4 ,nature is my ,god4 ,! gods ( ! sev]al sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion 7,jesus1 ,jehovah1 ,allah1 ,buddha7 are s _m symbols ( ?is div9ity4 ,! words ( ?is ,god are ! facts ( nature4 ,my religion & politics1 wor%ip & patriotism consi/ 9 a desire & ef=t to discov] ^! facts & to int]pret & live !m humanely4 ,my ,god1 ,nature1 is a triune div9ity--matt] be+ ! ,fa!r1 =ce ! ,son1 & law ! ,_s4 ,nature is ! sum ( ! matt]-=ce-law ph5om5a ( :i* ! univ]se is con/itut$4 ,man ) 8 b>b>ism & civilization is b "o among su* ph5om5a1 on a level ) ! re/1 z to 8 beg9n+ & end+1 & z to ! dep5d5ce ( 8 life & its fullness ^u con=mity to ! matt]-=ce law1 )\t necess>y or1 inde$1 possible ref]5ce to any div9e-human sy/em ( laws z set =? by a ca?olic or prote/ant *ur* or by an imp]iali/ic or democratic /ate4 ,unless /ates & *ur*es p]suade1 enc\rage & help man to m fully discov]1 m correctly int]pret & m p]fectly live ! matt]-=ce law !y are wor?less2 & inde$ worse1 if 9 ! long run & on ! :ole !y h9d] him2 & und\bt$ly !y h done ?is 9 ! case ( ! slave class--a class :i*1 ev] s9ce ! rise ( private prop]ty 9 ! means ( produc+ ! necessities ( life1 has compreh5d$ ! va/ majority ( ! human race4 ,:e!r !n man is b>b>\s or civiliz$ is really & truly1 :olly & entirely a "q ( ! k ( & con=mity to ! matt]-=ce law1 t is1 ( :e!r or n ! articles ( 8 religi\s cre$ & political code are s _m ideal embodim5ts & practical int]pretations ( facts or realities z !y are reveal$ by ! do+s ( my god1 ,nature4 ,!re is no o!r cre$1 belief 9 ! articles ( :i*1 & !re is no o!r code1 ob$i5ce to ! articles ( :i*1 w advance mank9d1 individually or collectively1 s mu* z "o /ep 9 ! long1 rugg$ & /eep way t[>ds ! goal ( a p]fect civilization--a civilization :i* w secure to e man1 woman & *ild ! greate/ ( possible opportunities to make ! mo/ ( life t is )9 ! range ( possibilities4 ,my god1 ,nature 7! triune div9ity1 matt]-=ce-motion7 ! do+s ( :i* god are s _m words ( ! only gospel ^u :i* ! salvation ( ! _w is to any degree dep5d5t1 is an imp]sonal1 unconsci\s1 non-moral be+4 ,= me1 ?is god1 ,nature1 rises into p]sonality1 consci\sness & morality 9 myself1 & 9 no o!r does nature d ?is = me1 ?\gh :at is true ( me is ( c\rse equally s ( e repres5tative ( mank9d4 ,jesus 7ei!r z an hi/orical or dramatic p]sonage1 & x does n matt] :i* he 07 said1 ,i & my ,fa!r 7god7 are "o1 & 9 say+ ?is he gave expression 9 "o =m to ! mo/ revolution>y & salut>y ( all tru?s4 ,! o!r =m ( ! same tru? z taught by ,d>w9 & ,m>x is3 man has all ! pot5tialities ( 8 own life )9 himself4 ,e repres5tative ( ! human race c & %\ld say ) ,jesus1 ,i & my ,fa!r1 ,god1 are "o4 ,/op man6 :]e do/ ?\ run8 ,heav'n lies )9 ?y he>t1 ,if ?\ seek'/ ,god else:]e ,misl$1 9 tru?1 ?\ art4 --,angelus ,sil5sius4 ,?is tru? con/itutes ! mo/ ennobl+ & inspir+ "p ( man's k1 & x 0 naturally discov]$ by him1 n sup]naturally reveal$ to him4 ,x is ! f\ndation ( socialism & ! ju/ification ( optimism4 ,! univ]se moves1 ) all t !re9 is4 ,! vangu>d ( mank9d is mov+ to a viewpo9t f :i* rapidly increas+ numb]s w see t a revolution :i* is necess>y on ! "p ( a slave to free himself f a ma/] is n only ju/ifi$ b requir$ by ! great1 fir/ law ( ! biological realm1 ! law ( self-pres]vation--a nature-made law on behalf ( fre$om4 ,?is nature-made law w ultimately nullify all class laws1 e law :i* is 9 favor ( ! enslav+ capitali/ class & aga9/ ! enslav$ labor class4 ,e /ate ) its executive1 legislative1 judici>y1 milit>y & educative sy/ems is f\nd$ on capitalism4 ,s9ce ?is is ! case & s9ce human nature is :at x is1 all political in/itutions1 ! ,am]ican ) ! re/1 are ( ! capitali/1 by ! capitali/1 = ! capitali/1 & ea* to ! end t ! capitali/ may keep ! labor] 9 pov]ty & slav]y4 ,e mod]n *ur* ) its m9i/ry1 bible1 cre$1 heav5 & hell is f\nd$ on capitalism4 ,s9ce ?is is ! case1 & s9ce human nature is :at x is1 all religi\s in/itutions1 ! ,*ri/ian ) ! re/1 are ( ! capitali/1 by ! capitali/1 = ! capitali/ & ea* to ! end t ! capitali/ may keep ! labor] 9 ignorance & slav]y4 ,:e!r ,jesus 0 an hi/orical or a dramatic p]son1 ! morality involv$ 9 8 trial1 condemnation & execution is ! same4 ,assum+ ! hi/oricity1 he 0 put to dea? by ,pilate because a class ( ! p said3 ,we h a law & by x1 accord+ to its (ficial int]pretation1 he %\ld die4 ,! ,gov]nor1 f9d+ t ! legal enactm5t & ! judicial decision 7 9 accordance ) ! repres5tation ( ! ,jews1 turn$ ,jesus ov] to ! execution]s = crucifixion1 & ! _w condemns him because he knew t ! law 0 ! embodim5t ( a fiction in/ead ( a tru?1 because he int]pret$ x 9 ! int]e/ ( a sect in/ead ( a p1 & because he basely act$ ) ref]5ce to 8 own political int]e/s )\t reg>d to ju/ice = an h]oic b helpless *ampion ( slaves 9 _! /ruggle aga9/ ! ma/]s4 ,philosophic an>*y diff]s by ! space ( ! :ole heav5s f practical an>*y1 & x is ! latt] t ,i always h 9 m9d4 ,! great ess5tial ( philosophic an>*y is individuali/ic fre$om4 ,! great ess5tial ( practical an>*y is imp]iali/ic slav]y4 ,capitalism is ! out/&+1 ov]%ad[+ imp]iali/1 ! fa!r ( all ! kais]s by :i* ! _w has be5 curs$1 n only ( ! t]re/rial ones su* z ,wilhelm ,,ii1 ,ni*olas ,,ii1 ,woodr[ ,i1 b also ( ! cele/ial ones su* z ,jehovah1 ,allah1 ,buddha4 ,! occupants ( regal ?rones h no m responsibility = ! exi/5ce ( imp]ialism ?an ^? ( presid5tial *airs1 nor !y any m ?an ,i1 & ,i h none4 ,! tru? is t ! responsibility = ?is blight ( all ! ages is n[ at la/1 if inde$ x has n always be51 :olly ) ! repres5tatives ( ! work+ class4 ,!y h ! great majority 9 numb]s & all ( ! revolution>y inc5tives & p[]2 !re=e !y1 & only !y c d away ) imp]ialism1 & !y c rid !mselves ( x :5ev] !y *oose4 ,pr9ce ,kropotk91 ! philosophic an>*i/1 a great s\l1 w\ld agree to ?is repres5tation1 = he says3 ,! work+ m5 ( ! civiliz$ _w & _! fri5ds 9 ! o!r classes ought to induce _! ,gov]nm5ts entirely to ab&on ! idea ( arm$ int]v5tion 9 ! affairs ( ,russia--:e!r op5 or disguis$1 :e!r milit>y or 9 ! %ape ( subv5tions to diff]5t nations4 ,russia is n[ liv+ ?r\gh a revolution ( ! same dep? & ! same importance z ! ,briti% nation und]w5t 9 #afci-afdh & ,france 9 #aghi-agid2 & e nation %\ld refuse to play ! %ameful "p t ,great ,brita91 ,prussia1 ,au/ria & ,russia play$ dur+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,s9ce dea? ends all ( consci\sness1 ! mo/ inhuman ( all inhumanities & ! mo/ immoral ( all immoralities is ! %ort5+ ( human life2 & next to x is ! dim9i%+ ( its happ9ess4 ,w> %ort5s _m lives & fills m ) mis]y2 h5ce its ess5tial inhumanity & immorality4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! _w has j pass$ ?r\gh ! furnace ( w>--a w> betwe5 ! ,g]man & ,engli% nations ) _! respective national allies4 ,all int]national w>s are conte/s = supremacy 9 ! m>kets ( ! _w1 or at lea/ = advantage 9 "s among !m4 ,?is "o 0 no exception4 ,! furnace ( ?is w> 0 sev5 times l>g] & sev5 times hott] ?an any o!r has be54 ,accord+ to ! late/ e/imates 7,septemb]1 #aibj7 its fi]ce flames directly & indirectly kill$ ?irty million "y m5 & wreck$ totally twice & p>tially ?rice z _m m4 ,yet ! fire by :i* ! _w ^u ! :ole & 9 ! long run suff]s mo/ is n ! int]mitt5t1 flam+ "o ( ! hell ( int]national w>1 :i* is always k9dl$ & su/a9$ by ! capitali/s ( ! bellig]5t nations = ! purpose solely ( secur+ comm]cial advantages ov] ea* o!r2 b ! great] suff]+ is by ! p]man5t1 smok+ fire ( ! hell ( ! int]-class w> :i* is always k9dl$ & su/a9$ by ! capitali/ class 9 ea* nation = ! purpose solely ( robb+ ! labor class ( ! fruit ( _! toil4 ,^! national & class w>s 7hells1 flam+ & sm\ld]+7 are due to ! same matt]-=ce law1 ! law ( self-pres]vation1 &1 p>adoxical z x may seem1 ?is law is equally op]ative on bo? sides 9 ea* w>4 ,bo? hells exi/ z ! result ( ! work+ out ( ! same law ( animal pres]vation by competition--! law ( capitalism1 & bo? hells w be done away ) z ! result ( ! work+ out ( ! same law ( human pres]vation by co-op]ation--! law ( socialism4 ,"o pro( ( ! rightness ( ! co-op]ative sy/em is ! fact t x necess>ily op]ates = ! :ole p & n = a class1 :]eas ! competitive sy/em z necess>ily op]ates = a class & n = ! :ole p4 ,/ill ano!r pro(1 & x is 9 itself almo/ if n q conclusive1 ( ! rightness ( ! co-op]ative sy/em is ! fact t its competitive rival breaks d[n 9 e great em]g5cy4 ,x broke d[n completely 9 all ! bellig]5t c\ntries 79 none m ?an ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 imm$iately ^u _! entrance into ! _w w>4 ,our gov]nm5t 0 oblig$ to assume control ( ! railroads1 coal m9es & food products4 ,if a class gov]nm5t1 su* z ours is1 c provide dur+ a w> by ! co-op]ative sy/em1 & only by x1 = ! wants ( a c\ntry1 & bett]1 too1 ?an dur+ ! "t ( peace1 :at may we expect 9 ! way ( pl5ty1 com=t & leisure1 :5 "u ! classless adm9i/ration !re %all be no m w> ) its :olesale wa/e1 & :5 !re %all be "o va/ army ( produc]s8 ,all ! days :i* ! fifty millions ( soldi]s sp5t 9 idl5ess w !n be s _m holidays = toil]s :o are 9 ne$ ( !m = re/ & self-improvem5t2 & e doll> :i* is n[ wa/$ w !n be two doll>s sav$1 s t ! pecuni>y prosp]ity ( w> times w be increas$1 r ?an dim9i%$1 & made cont9u\s4 ,"u a classless adm9i/ration ! _w w\ld soon become comp>atively ri* & happy4,h ,repres5tatives ( ! capitali/ class are try+ to create ! impression t ! co-op]ative sy/em :i* our gov]nm5t tempor>ily e/abli%$ z a milit>y necessity is socialism1 & t ! labor class %\ld seek no m ?an its re/oration & cont9uance3 b ?is sy/em is ! same old wolf 9 %eep's clo?+4 ,! rickety h\se 9 :i* we are liv+ is a competitive /ructure & x _c be made into a co-op]ative "o1 at lea/ n ^u its pres5t f\ndation1 ! s& ( capitali/ic classism4 ,indu/rialism mu/ take x d[n & rebuild x ^u ! rock ( classless labor4 ,nei!r ?is demolition nor ?is recon/ruction con/itutes any "p ( ! gov]nm5t program4 ,its socialism is a mirage1 n a reality1 & ! matt]-=ce law r5d]s x necess>ily s4 ,m>xian socialism is simplicity itself4 ,x requires only ?ree conditions1 ea* ( :i* is p]fectly intelligible2 b no "o ( !m ev] has exi/$ or c\ld exi/ "u any capitali/ gov]nm5t1 because all su* gov]nm5ts1 n except+ our own1 especially n x1 are organiz$ 9 ! int]e/ ( p>asitic pr(ite]s1 n productive labor]s4 ,! ?ree indisp5sable yet simple pr]equisites to ?is real socialism or communism are3 ,fir/1 t ! p )9 a municipality1 ei!r t[n or city1 own & control ! utilities )9 ! area occupi$ by t municipality1 :i* h to d ) ! imm$iate com=t ( ! p :o live !re4 ,second1 t ! p 9 ea* /ate own & control ! utilities t come 9 contact ) ! p on a /ate-wide scale4 ,?ird1 t ! p )9 ! nation own collectively & control democratically ! utilities :i* affect u on a national scale4 ,%\ld we desire to g into m detail1 we might say t ! ?+s necess>y to ! individual be own$ & controll$ by ! individual1 t ! home be controll$ by ! family1 & s on4 ,to g into ! "q on an int]national scale we might also add t utilities mutually necess>y to all ! nations be own$ by ! nations1 z ! ,panama ,canal1 = in/ance4--,higg9s4 ,pr9ce ,kropotk91 ?\gh n a bol%evik1 says approv+ly ( ! ,russian revolution t x is try+ to build up a society :]e ! :ole produce ( ! jo9t ef=ts ( labor by te*nical skill & sci5tific k %\ld g entirely to ! commonweal?2 & he decl>es t = ! unavoidable recon/ruction ( society1 by pacific or any o!r revolution>y means1 !re mu/ be a union ( all ! trade unions ( ! _w to free ! production ( ! _w f its pres5t enslavem5t to capitalism4 ,higg9s & ,kropotk9 h "h put co-op]ative socialism or communism 9 a nut%ell bo? z to its aim & program4 ,! law ( self-pres]vation is ev] ! same1 b :e!r its salvation is = a "p ( ! p by competition--capitali/ salvation1 or = ! :ole p by co-op]ation--sociali/ salvation1 dep5ds ^u :e!r x rides or is ridd54 ,s long z ! law ( self-pres]vation 0 suppos$ to be ! w ( a consci\s1 p]sonal god ^: e>?ly repres5tatives 7 k+s & prie/s or presid5ts & prea*]s1 ! law did ! rid+ )9 ! l>ge doma9 ( animal competition--! doma9 ( capitalism4 ,w> is ! normal1 inde$ necess>y evil ( ?is doma91 & h5ce ! _w mu/ h w>s s long z x rema9s )9 x1 & x w rema9 !re s long z x has cele/ial div9ities ) t]re/rial repres5tatives 9 /ates & *ur*es = its gov]nors4 ,n[ t ! law is kn[n to be a matt]-=ce necessity1 n a div9e decree1 ! "t may rationally be hop$ = :5 ! p w d ! rid+ )9 ! small doma9 ( human co-op]ation--! doma9 ( socialism4 ,peace is ! normal1 inde$ necess>y1 /ate ( ?is doma91 & h5ce ! _w mu/ cease to h w> :5 x ent]s x1 & is gov]n$ by itself in/ead ( by a god & ! p[]s ( /ate & *ur* alleg$ to h be5 orda9$ by him4 ,capital puni%m5t %\ld n be adm9i/]$1 if at all1 except to a murd]] ^: guilt has be5 e/abli%$ to ! satisfaction ( ! great majority ( ! p 9 ! community to :i* he belongs1 & nev] 9 ! case ( a suspect$ murd]] ( :om ?is is n true4 ,if ,william ,,ii 7 really ! devil beh9d ! ,european w> by :i* _m millions ( ! "y m5 ( ! _w h lo/ _! lives1 & if ,?omas ,mooney 7 really ! devil beh9d ! ,san ,francisco explosion by :i* t5 citiz5s ( ,cali=nia lo/ _! lives1 _! puni%m5t by dea? might be urg$ ) mu* %[ ( reason z a social necessity4 ,b if bo? 7 hung on ! same gall[s ! _w w\ld g on suff]+ by ! ev] recurr+ & closely relat$ mis=tunes ( w> & riot z if no?+ _h happ5$4 ,! real devil beh9d all w>s & riots is ! capitali/ sy/em4 ,!re w nev] be an end ( w>s & riots until ?is devil is ov]?r[n4 ,! s-call$ ,kais]-w> & ! s-call$ ,mooney riot are on ! same foot+1 bo? hav+ ! "* ( an insurrection & bo? hav+ ! aim ( self-pres]vation4 ,! insurrection ( ! ,kais] 0 a riot on behalf ( ! capitali/ class ( ,g]many & = ! purpose ( protect+ x aga9/ ! capitali/ class ( ,engl&4 ,! insurrection ( ,mooney 7assum+ 8 guilt1 m]ely = illu/ration7 0 a riot on behalf ( ! labor class ( ,cali=nia & = ! purpose ( protect+ x aga9/ ! capitali/ class ( t /ate4 ,incid5tally1 bo? riots h second>y aims ( _w-wide ext5t4 ,! ,kais] _h two ( ^!3 to ov]?r[ ! comm]cial supremacy ( ,engl& t ,g]many might h x1 & to ov]?r[ indu/rial republicanism 7socialism7 ev]y:]e4 ,mooney _h ?is3 ! ov]?r[ ( comm]cial imp]ialism 7capitalism7 ev]y:]e4 ,z riot]s1 !re is ?is 9 common betwe5 ,kais] ,william & ,?omas ,mooney1 t ?\gh mov+ 9 opposite directions1 !y are nev]!less c>ri$ by ! same matt]-=ce law :i* manife/s itself 9 ! same riot\s sy/em1 capitalism--a sy/em :i*1 "u "o =m or ano!r1 has ev] produc$ int]national w>s & class revolutions2 &1 s long z x is all[$ to exi/1 nev] w cease ! production ( !m4 ,h5ce ! int]e/s ( ! _w require n t ^! riot]s1 ,kais] ,william & ,?omas ,mooney1 %\ld be hung1 b t ! capitali/ sy/em1 :i* by ! op]ation ( ! law ( self-pres]vation by animal competitions1 produc$ bo? ( ! riots ) :i* !y are respectively cr$it$1 %\ld be ov]?r[n by ! labor sy/em1 :i*1 by ! op]ation ( ! same law ( self-pres]vation by human co-op]ation1 w put an end to all bloody conflicts4 ,b tak+ ! popul> view conc]n+ ! responsibility = ?is comm]cial w> & labor riot & assum+ t !y %\ld be *>g$ respectively to ,kais] ,william & ,?omas ,mooney1 :y %\ld ! promot] ( ! little riot die1 or worse1 suff] imprisonm5t dur+ life1 & ! promot] ( ! big w> live8 ,yet1 if ! ,kais] 7 captur$ ev5 by ,engl& !re is no probability t he w\ld be turn$ ov] to a c\rt con/itut$ ( repres5tatives ( ! alli$ nations1 tri$1 f\nd guilty & put to dea?4 ,:y n8 ,because1 l all w>s1 8 w>1 no matt] :i* side won ! victory1 has be5 ^u ! :ole1 or w be 9 ! long run1 9 ! int]e/ ( ! capitali/s ( e nation on bo? sides1 at lea/ ( ! great ones4 ,if ,kais] ,william w\ld n be s5t to ! gall[s by su* a c\rt :y %\ld ! c\rt :i* tri$ ,?omas ,mooney be all[$ to s5d him to x2 &1 especially :y1 s9ce ,cali=nia is "p ( a republic1 & ! ,kais]'s w> 0 on behalf ( imp]ialism & a small m9ority1 :ile ,mooney's riot 0 on behalf ( republicanism & ! ov]:elm+ majority8 ,j n[ ! human "p ( ! _w is especially afflict$ by unnecess>y & !re=e unju/ifiable dea?s4 ,! ,gov]nor ( ,cali=nia has ! opportunity to prev5t "o su* dea?4 ,i say to him1 d x4 ,9 ! "n ( ,ju/ice & 9 ! "n ( ,humanity1 ,i ) millions ( o!rs solemnly call ^u him to save ,mooney1 ! revolutioni/1 z ,pilate1 ! ,gov]nor ( ,judea1 accord+ to ! v]dict ( all "r-?9k+ m5 & wom51 %\ld h sav$ ,jesus1 ! revolutioni/4 ,,iii4 ,y say 9 effect t we mu/ po/ulate a div9e consci\sness to acc\nt = human consci\sness2 b1 on y\r !ory1 h[ c\ld human consci\sness come out ( a div9e consci\sness2 &1 anyh[1 contr>y to y\r implication1 we "k ( no consci\sness :i* has come1 except by inh]itance1 f ano!r consci\sness1 b only ( consci\snesses :i* h come f unconsci\snesses4 ,y\r cont5tion1 9 ?is connection1 is to ! effect t no?+ c come out ( no?+1 & ?is is ! core ( a book1 ,a ,%ort ,apology = ,be+ a ,*ri/ian 9 ! ,tw5tie? ,c5tury1 by ! le>n$ ex-presid5t ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,h>t=d1 ,dr4 ,williamson ,smi?1 ) :om y h _h1 ,i ?9k1 "s correspond5ce4 ,?is ,apology 0 writt5 aga9/ a lett] ( m9e to ! ,h\se ( ,bi%ops1 entitl$1 ,a ,natural ,gospel = a ,sci5tific ,age1 :i* has nev] se5 ! light1 p>tly because ! ex-,presid5t conv9c$ me t if ,i mu/ give up ! or?odox conception ( ,god1 ,i c\ld n hold to ! "o :i* ,i _h work$ out 9 ! lett]4 ,if y h n se5 ! ex-,presid5t's book1 y w1 ,i am sure1 enjoy x m ?an ,i did1 b ,i d\bt :e!r y w pr(it z mu* by x1 = x v]ges t[>ds y\r l9es & away f m9e2 & s x set me to /udy+ z x w n y1 ) ! result ( reject+ ! new conception ( ,god :i* ,i _h work$ out = myself1 b ) x ,i ?rew ov] ! old "o & ceas$ to believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( a consci\s1 p]sonal div9ity4 ,( c\rse1 my fai? 9 ! exi/5ce ( a spiritual _w & hope = a future life 9 x w5t ) ! god4 ,dr4 ,williamson ,smi? & y are entirely correct 9 ! cont5tion t some?+ _c come out ( no?+3 b ,i no long] pret5d t x c & ,i n[ see t ! /ones :i* h be5 ?r[n at me by y bo? & o!rs h come f glass h\ses2 = ?is is really ! pret5sion ( or?odox !ologians4 ,!y affirm t ! univ]se 0 creat$ by ,god out ( no?+1 b produce no scrap ( evid5ce = ,8 exi/5ce1 & ev5 if !y c\ld prove t ,he exi/s1 !y w\ld h to admit t ,he came out ( no?+1 or at lea/ f some?+ :i* did s4 ,x is inde$ true t ,i am unable to tell :at matt]1 =ce & motion came f1 or if ,i agree ) mo/ physici/s t !y arose f e!r1 ,i _c give its d]ivative2 b1 grant+ t ,i am z incapable ( prov+ _! exi/5ce z y are ( prov+ ! exi/5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian tr9ity1 nev]!less ,i h ?is imm5se advantage ov] y1 t ,i c prove t ev]y?+ bo? physical & psy*ical 7includ+ man & 8 civilization7 ent]+ into ! con/itution ( ! univ]se1 lives1 moves & has its be+ 9 my div9e tr9ity--matt]1 =ce & motion3 :]eas y _c prove t any?+ is indebt$ = :at x is to y\r div9e tr9ity--,fa!r1 ,son & ,_s3 !re=e ,i insi/ t y\r tr9ity is a symbol ( m9e4 ,:at is true ( ! ,*ri/ian tr9ity is true ( all ! div9ities ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion4 ,! ,jews live ) no ref]5ce to ! ,*ri/ian ,god1 or at lea/ n ) any to 8 second & ?ird p]sons1 & nei!r ,*ri/ians nor ,jews d s 9 ! case ( ei!r ! ,mohamm$an or ,buddhi/ic div9ity1 & s on1 all ar\nd ! :ole circle ( gods4 ,b no repres5tative ( any god lives )\t con/ant ref]5ce to m9e1 ( :i* y\rs & all ! o!rs are1 z ,i ?9k1 symbols1 if !y are any?+ bett] ?an feti%es4 ,if y & ex-,presid5t ,smi? mean by y\r fundam5tal !sis1 t a ?+ :i* is ess5tially diff]5t f t f :i* x came is an impossibility1 y are c]ta9ly wrong1 = ! _w is full ( su* ?+s4 ,9 ! tree ( life !re are millions ( examples1 s9ce 7us+ language 9 its g5]al significance7 ev]y?+ above ! amoeba mu/ be reg>d$ z ess5tially diff]5t f x1 ?\gh all1 includ+ man1 came out ( x4 ,go+ back z f> z we safely c on solid gr\nd1 we come to ! nebulae f :i* ! sol> sy/ems ( ! univ]se h evolv$1 & surely a sol> sy/em is z ess5tially diff]5t f ! nebula z a man is f an amoeba4 ,com+ to our e>? :5 its primeval1 flam+1 swirl+ gases _h be5 cond5s$ into inorganic matt]1 ! protoplasm :i* is organic matt]1 arose f x1 & s some?+ :i* gr[s f )9 out1 comes f some?+ :i* gr[s f )\t 94 ,! l>ge ho($ horse came f a small five-to$ animal1 n mu* l>g] ?an a rabbit4 ,! piano & ! gun are bro!r & si/]1 born ( ! b[ & arr[1 yet h[ diff]5t ! *ildr5 f ! p>5t4 ,an infant is unconsci\s at bir? & :at x has ( consci\sness z a *ild & an adult is dep5d5t ^u ! developm5t ( its body4 ,moreov]1 z ! human body is a developm5t ?r\gh animal bodies1 we may logically conclude t human consci\sness is ultimately dep5d5t ^u & inh]it$ f animal consci\sness r ?an a div9e "o4 ,jesus is repres5t$ z say+ t ,god is a _s2 & ! fa!rs ( ! ,engli% "p ( ! ,*ri/ian re=mation said t !re is b "o liv+ & true ,god )\t body1 p>ts or passions4 ,?is is _! explanation ( 8 conception ( ,god4 ,:5 ! ,jesu9e def9ition ( ,god & ! ,anglican explanation ( x 7 fram$1 ! ,div9e ,_s 0 suppos$ to be an objective p]sonality4 ,mod]n psy*ology tea*es t no _s1 div9e1 human or o!rwise1 is a p]sonality4 ,accord+ to ?is sci5ce1 _s & s\l are synonyms = ! subjective cont5t ( a consci\s life1 :i* cont5t consi/s ( feel+s1 aspirations1 ideals1 convictions & det]m9ations4 ,psy*ologi/s "k ( no _s or s\l )\t a body con/itut$ ( p>ts any m ?an physici/s "k ( a =ce )\t matt] con/itut$ ( molecules1 atoms1 electrons & ions4 ,gods repres5t ! religi\s ideals ( p & are symbols ( :at !y ?9k !y %\ld be z religioni/s4 ,!y are symbolic1 emblematic1 p>abolic1 allegoric devices ( ! imag9ation1 & conta9 no?+ b ! ideal1 imag9>y ?+s :i* are put into !m by p = !mselves1 & !y d no?+ except :at ! p p]=m ?r\gh !m 9 _! names = !mselves4 ,matt] & =ce con/itute a ma*9e1 an automatic "o1 :i* produces ?+s1 ev]y?+ :i* ent]s into ! con/itution ( ! cosmos1 by evolution>y processes1 or r all su* ?+s1 & !re are no o!rs1 are ! result ( "o univ]sal & et]nal process ( evolution4 ,:at is kn[n z nature is ! aggregation ( ! products ( ?is ma*9e by ?is process4 ,! ma*9e is unconsci\s & its work+s are me*anical1 yet "s ( its products rise into self-consci\sness ) ! p[] ( self-det]m9ation1 b bo? ! consci\sness & ! det]m9ation are limit$4 ,! inf9ite consci\sness1 p]sonality & det]m9ation :i* are po/ulat$ ( gods are contradictions4 ,( all be+s man possesses mo/ ( consci\sness1 p]sonality & det]m9ation4 ,:at he has ( ^! is n dep5d5t ^u gods1 b all !y h ( !m is dep5d5t ^u him4 ,div9e be+s are1 z to _! self-consci\sness1 p]sonality & det]m9ation1 human be+s p]sonifi$ & plac$ 9 ! sky4 ,man does ev]y?+ = gods4 ,!y d no?+ = him4 ,su* are ! facts & argum5ts bas$ ^u !m1 :i* h =c$ me /ep by /ep ov] ! long way f ! position ( sup]naturali/ic traditionalism 9 its ,*ri/ian =m1 /ill occupi$ by y1 to t ( naturali/ic sci5tism 9 its sociali/ =m :i* ,i am n[ occupy+1 z t5tatively z possible1 p5d+ fur!r /udy 9 ! light ( additional facts1 = :i* 7"s six ye>s ago1 :5 ,i 0 desp]ately battl+ to prev5t ! %ipwreck ( my fai? 9 ! god & heav5 ( or?odox ,*ri/ianity7 ,i appeal$ to ab\t #hjj out/&+ !ologians1 among !m y\rself1 repres5t+ all p>ts ( *ri/5dom & e great *ur*1 includ+ ( c\rse all our bi%ops among ! !ologians1 & ! ,anglican communion among ! *ur*es4 ,y may rememb] h[ mu* ( correspond5ce we _h at t "t1 ?\gh nei!r y nor any "o :o k9dly tri$ to rea* me ) ! rope ( ! new sci5tific apologetics = :i* ,i appeal$1 c realize h[ eag]ly ,i look$ = ! replies to my que/ions1 nor ! sickness ( he>t :i* ,i exp]i5c$ :5 ,i saw t1 9 spite ( e possible ef=t ( my own & help ( o!rs1 ,i 0 sl[ly b surely drift+ t[>ds :at ,i !n ?\ght to be ! fatal :irlpools & rocks1 b :at ,i n[ reg>d z a %elt]$ port--! gold5 gate ( t delectable c\ntry1 ,m>xian socialism1 ! only heav5 t ,i am n[ hop+ to behold4 ,y e>ne/ly cont5d t ,i am wrong 9 repres5t+ t ! majority ( out/&+ m5 ( sci5ce & sci5tific philosoph]s d n believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( a consci\s1 p]sonal div9ity1 :o creat$1 su/a9s & gov]ns ! univ]se1 or 9 a consci\s1 p]sonal life = man beyond ! grave1 & t none among su* sci5ti/s & philosoph]s are or?odox ,*ri/ians4 ,pr(4 ,leuba1 ! ,bryn ,mawr psy*ologi/1 is "o among my au?orities = ^! repres5tations4 ,9 8 ,belief 9 ,god & ,immortality 7#aiaf7 he exhibits ! results ( a rec5t & ?or\gh-go+ inve/igation 9 a *>t f :i* x appe>s t1 tak+ ! great] & less] repres5tatives ( ! sci5ti/s toge!r1 !y fall bel[ #ej p] c5t z to _! belief 9 ,god1 & bel[ #ee p] c5t 9 _! belief 9 immortality4,i ,! %[+ = ! sci5ti/s :o are especially conc]n$ ) ! orig9 & de/9y ( life1 biologi/s & psy*ologi/s1 is mu* less favorable to y2 =1 tak+ ! great] & less] toge!r1 only #ca p] c5t ( ! biologi/s believe 9 ,god & #ce p] c5t 9 immortality2 & only #be p] c5t ( ! psy*ologi/s believe 9 ,god1 & #bj p] c5t 9 immortality4 ,b ! wor/ by f>1 is yet to come2 =1 tak+ ! great] biologi/s & psy*ologi/s1 ^? :o c\nt mo/1 ( ! =m] #ah p] c5t believe 9 ,god1 & #be p] c5t 9 immortality2 & ( ! latt]1 ! greate/ ( all au?orities1 only #ac p] c5t believe 9 ,god1 & only #h p] c5t 9 immortality4 ,! great] psy*ologi/s are comp>atively consi/5t 9 t few] among !m believe 9 a consci\s1 p]sonal life = humanity beyond ! grave ?an 9 ! consci\s1 p]sonal life ( div9ity beyond ! cl\ds4 ,human immortality is an absurdity )\t div9e exi/5ce4 ,! ov]:elm+ majority ( great psy*ologi/s 7! greate/ ( all au?orities1 z to :e!r or n gods )\t bodies1 p>ts or passions c consci\sly exi/ 9 ! skies1 & disembodi$ m51 wom5 & *ildr5 9 cele/ial p>adises7 see ?is & limit ! c>e] ( man to e>?4 ,9 _! judgm5t 8 heav5 & hell are "h1 & ! gods :o make & ! devils :o unmake civilizations are humans1 n good or bad div9ities4 ,?is is ! conclusion ( a rapidly increas+ numb] ( educat$ p4 ,a c5tury ago only a few m5 ( sci5ce & sci5tific philosoph]s _h rea*$ x1 n tw5ty five p] c5t1 b n[ ! p]c5tage is ne>ly n9ety & x w soon be n9ety-n9e4 ,! "t is com+1 & 9 ! n di/ant future1 :5 no educat$ man %all look to ! god ( any sup]naturali/ic int]pretation ( religion = light or /r5g?1 & :5 none %all hope = a heav5 above ! e>? or fe> a hell bel[ x4 ,heav'n b ! ,vision ( fulfill'd ,desire1 ,& ,hell ! ,%ad[ f a ,s\l on fire ,ca/ on ! ,d>kness into :i* ,ourselves1 ,s late em]g'd f1 %all s soon expire4 --,om>4 ,joseph ,mc,cabe & ,*apman ,coh5 are among ! mo/ brilliant ( pres5t day writ]s on sci5tific & philosophic subjects4 ,!y are n sociali/s1 b bo? see t mod]n socialism & or?odox ,*ri/ianism are utt]ly irreconcilable incompatibilities4 ,h[ is x t on ! ,cont95t democratic bodies are s sceptical1 or sceptical bodies s democratic8 ,precisely because !y d\bt 7or reject altoge!r7 ! ,*ri/ian heav54 ,!y want to make ?is e>? z happy z x c be1 to make sure ( happ9ess some:]e4 ,hav+ tak5 _! eyes f ! sky1 !y h discov]$ rem>kable possibilities 9 ! e>?4 ,hav+ to give less "t to ,god1 !y h m "t to give to man4 ,!y ?9k less ab\t _! heav5ly home1 & m ab\t _! e>?ly home4 ,! e>?ly home has gr[n v mu* bright] = ! *ange4 ,! heav5ly home is j :]e x 04 ,! pla9 tru? is1 ( c\rse1 t ! s5tim5t :i* us$ to be absorb$ 9 religion is n[ embodi$ 9 humanit>ianism4 ,religion is sl[ly dy+ ev]y:]e4 ,social idealism is gr[+ ev]y:]e4 ,p :o want to p]suade u t social idealism dep5ds on religion are puzzl$ by ?is4 ,x is only because !y are ob/9ately det]m9$ to connect ev]y?+ ) ,*ri/ianity1 9 spite ( its hi/orical record4 ,!re is no puzzle4 ,we h transf]r$ our emotions f ,god to man1 f heav5 to e>?4--,joseph ,mc,cabe4 ,sociali/s :o h "o eye on ! ballot box may assure ^! p t ,socialism is n ,a!i/ic1 b few w be conv9c$4 ,! /atem5t t ,socialism has no?+ to d ) religion1 or t _m pr(ess$ly religi\s p are ,sociali/1 is q futile4 ,a ?\ghtful religioni/ w\ld reply t ! fir/ po9t conc$es ! tru? ( all t has be5 said aga9/ ,socialism1 :ile ! second evades ! "q at issue4 ,no "o is specially conc]n$ ) ! m5tal idiosyncracies ( individual ,sociali/s2 :at is at issue is ! "q :e!r ,socialism does or does n take an ,a!i/ic view ( life8 ,he might add1 too1 t a ,socialism :i* leaves out ! belief 9 ,god & a future life1 :i* does n1 9 ev5 ! remote/ mann]1 imply ^! beliefs1 :i* does n make _! acceptance ! condition ( hold+ ! meane/ (fice 9 ! ,/ate1 &1 at mo/1 w m]ely all[ religi\s beliefs to exi/ s long z !y d n ?reat5 ! well-be+ ( ! ,/ate1 is1 to all int5ts & purposes1 an ,a!i/ical sy/em4--,*apman ,coh54 ,9 summ+ up ! results ( 8 inve/igations ,pr(4 ,leuba obs]ves t3 ,9 e class ( p]sons inve/igat$1 ! numb] ( believ]s 9 ,god is less & 9 mo/ classes v mu* less ?an ! numb] ( non-believ]s1 & t ! numb] ( believ]s 9 immortality is some:at l>g] ?an 9 a p]sonal ,god2 t among ! m di/+ui%$1 unbelief is v mu* m frequ5t ?an among ! less di/+ui%$2 & f9ally t n only ! degree ( ability1 b also ! k9d ( k possess$1 is significantly relat$ to ! rejection ( ^! beliefs4 ,9 ano!r connection ,pr(4 ,leuba speak+ ( ,*ri/ian dogmatism z a :ole says3 ,*ri/ianity1 z a sy/em ( belief1 has utt]ly brok5 d[n1 & no?+ def9ite1 adequate1 & conv9c+ has tak5 its place4 ,!re is no g5]ally ackn[l$g$ au?ority2 ea* "o believes z he c1 & few seem di/urb$ at be+ unable to hold ! t5ets ( ! *ur*es4 ,?is s5se ( fre$om is ! glori\s side ( an o!rwise dang]\s situation4 ,y\r conception ( ! orig91 su/5ance & gov]nance ( ! univ]se is burd5$1 z are all int]pretations ( religion :i* are h+$ ^u ! exi/5ce ( consci\s1 p]sonal div9ities1 ) two difficulties3 7#a7 its physical impossibility1 & 7#b7 its moral impossibility4 #a4 ,physical ,impossibilities4 ,! atomic & molecul> movem5ts requir$ = ! ?9k+ ( a s+le man w\ld be beyond ! capacity ( all ! gods ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion toge!r4 ,"s idea ( ! numb] ( su* motions :i* are tak+ place 9 e human bra91 w be d]iv$ f ! cons]vative repres5tations ( ,h(mei/] z exhibit$ 9 ! foll[+ cond5s$ =m by ,mc,cabe 9 8 book1 ,! ,evolution ( ,m9d3 ,we h reason to believe t !re are 9 ea* molecule ( ord9>y protoplasm at lea/ #dej atoms ( c>bon1 #gbj atoms ( hydrog51 #aaf ( nitrog51 #f ( sulphur1 & #adj ( oxyg54 ,n]ve-plasm is /ill m complex4 ,rec5t discov]ies h only increas$ ! wond] & pot5tiality ( ! cortex4 ,ea* atom has prov$ to be a rem>kable con/ellation ( electrons1 a colossal res]voir ( en]gy4 ,! atom ( hydrog5 conta9s ab\t #a1jjj electrons1 ! atom ( c>bon #ab1jjj1 ! atom ( nitrog5 #ad1jjj1 ! atom ( oxyg5 #af1jjj1 & ! atom ( sulphur #cb1jjj4 ,^! electrons circulate )9 ! inf9itesimal space ( ! atom at a spe$ ( f #aj1jjj to #ij1jjj miles a second4 ,x w\ld take #cdj1jjj b>rels ( p[d] to imp>t to a bullet ! spe$ ) :i* "s ( ^! p>ticles d>t out ( _! gr\ps4 ,a gramme ( hydrog5--a v t9y portion ( ! simple/ gas--conta9s en]gy en\gh to lift a million tons m ?an a hundr$ y>ds4 ,( ^! a/\nd+ ars5als ( en]gy1 ! atoms1 we h1 on ! l[e/ computation1 at lea/ #fjj million billion 9 ! cortex ( ! human bra94 ,sci5ti/s1 says ,pr(essor ,ol]i*1 9 8 book1 ,a ,mod]n ,look at ! ,univ]se1 e/imate t ! *emical atom is s inf9itesimally small t x requires a gr\p ( n less ?an a billion to make ! gr\p b>ely visible "u ! mo/ p[]ful microscope1 & a ?\s& su* gr\ps w\ld h to be put toge!r 9 ord] to make x j visible to ! nak$ eye z a m]e speck float+ 9 ! sunbeam4 ,! microscope reveals innum]able animalcules 9 ! hundr$? "p ( a drop ( wat]4 ,!y all eat1 dige/1 move & f all appe>ances ( _! frolics1 !y are end[$ ) s5sation & ability ( enjoym5t4 ,:at !n %all we say ( ! m9ut5ess ( ! food !y eat2 ( ! blood t surges ?r\gh _! ve9s2 ( _! n]v\s sy/em t ?rills & guides !m8 ,_! m9ute/ organs mu/ be compos$ ( molecules1 atoms1 ions & electrons inconceivably small] ?an are ! organs !mselves4 ,is !re any god 9 a cele/ial field :o c\ld c>e = ! movem5ts :i* occur 9 ! molecules con/itut+ a hundr$? "p ( a drop ( wat]1 n to speak ( ^? :i* occur 9 ! bodies ( its myriads ( inhabitants8 ,& :at %all we say ( all ! inorganic & organic movem5ts 9 a small cup ( :ole drops ( wat]1 let alone ^? ( a great ocean ( !m8 ,b :y g fur!r into ?is subject8 ,is n ! utt] *ildi%ness ( ! or?odox repres5tative ( a sup]naturali/ic int]pretation ( religion1 :o cr$its 8 god ) ! gov]nance ( ! motions occurr+ 9 ! m9]al1 vegetable & animal k+doms ( ?is globe1 leav+ out ( acc\nt ^? ( its sol> sy/em1 & ( o!r sy/ems :i* con/itute ! univ]se1 suffici5tly manife/8 ,if y say t ! motions :i* issue 9 ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se are regulat$ by a law :i* 0 once = all will$ by ! god ( ! ,*ri/ian int]pretation ( religion1 ,i ask :y ! law %\ld be cr$it$ to ! will+ ( ?is god r ?an to t ( ! god ( ,jewi%1 ,mohamm$an or ,buddhi/ic int]pretation4 ,newton took ! fir/ ( ! six initiatory /eps 9 ! long way :i* l$ to ! conclusion t ! univ]se is self-exi/+1 self-su/a9+ & self-gov]n+1 by %[+ t all ! movem5ts ( ! sol> sy/ems 7 necess>ily :at !y h be5 by reason ( a matt]-=ce law1 gravitation4 ,?is discov]y is ! mo/ mom5t\s ev5t 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,laplace took ! second /ep by %[+ t ! cosmic nebulae conta9 )9 !mselves all ! pot5tialities necess>y to ! =mation ( sol> sy/ems4 ,lavoisi] took ! ?ird /ep by %[+ t ! matt] :i* ent]s into ! con/itution ( ! univ]se is an et]nality4 ,may] took ! f\r? /ep by %[+ t ! =ce :i* ent]s into ! con/itution ( ! univ]se is an et]nality4 ,d>w9 took ! fif? /ep by %[+ t ! protoplasm conta9s all ! pot5tialities ( e =m ( physical & degree ( psy*ical life f ! mon]on to man2 t all repres5tatives ( bo? ! vegetable & animal k+doms1 includ+ man1 are relat$ & s on a level z to _! orig9 & de/9y1 & t ! diff]5t species are ! natural results ( ! necess>y /ruggle ) rivals & ) adv]se environm5ts = exi/5ce4 ,m>x took ! six? /ep by %[+ t ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 humans & bea/s is prim>ily a "q ( ! h& & second>ily ( ! ma*9es by :i* its effici5cy is immeasurably increas$2 t slav]y has be5 & mu/ cont9ue to be ! means ( advancem5t t[>ds ! ideal civilization2 t ! k9ds ( human slav]y 7 :at !y h be5 because ma*9es h be5 :at !y 71 & t ! "t is com+ :5 ! slaves w no long] be m51 wom5 & *ildr51 b ma*9es :i* w be exploit$ = ! good ( ! _m1 n ! pr(it ( ! few--!n1 & n until !n1 rapid advance %all be made t[>ds ! goal :]e ! :ole _w %all be "o great co-op]ative family1 e memb] ( :i* %all h ! greate/ ( possible opportunities to make ! mo/ ( t]re/rial life by hav+ x z long & happy z possible4 #b4 ,moral ,impossibilities4 ,! moral impossibility ( ! assumptions ( ^! apologies is se5 by all :o h eyes = see+ ?+s z !y are 9 ! fact t if ,god is cr$it$ ) ! good ,he mu/ also be debit$ ) ! evil4 ,if = example1 ,he end[$ ! human body ) its useful & necess>y p>ts4 ,he also end[$ x ) its h>mful & unnecess>y p>ts4 ,exp]ts 9 ! field ( anatomy tell u t !re are 9 our bodies at lea/ #ahj useless p>ts1 "s among :i* are ! occasion ( mu* suff]+ & _m premature dea?s1 ! v]mi=m app5dix alone caus+ _m ?\s&s ( su* cases annually4 ,d y n see t ^! useless /ructures1 all ( :i* are inh]it$ f ! l[] animals1 are s _m evid5ces ( ! tru? ( ,d>w9ism & ! untru?fulness ( ,mosaism8 ,elev5 ( ^! :olly useless & m or less h>mful inh]itances h be5 ( no use to any ( our ance/ors f ! fi% up & f\r are inh]it$ f our reptilian & amphibian =efa!rs1 b accord+ to ,moses we h no su* prog5itors4 ,admitt+ ! fact ( ! exi/5ce ( evil !re is no escap+ f ! logical conclusions ( de>1 old s5sible ,epicurus3 ,ei!r ,god is will+ to remove evil f ?is _w & _c1 or he c & is n will+1 or f9ally he c & is will+4 ,if he is will+ & _c1 x is impot5ce1 :i* is contr>y to ! nature ( ,god4 ,if he c & is unwill+1 x is wick$ness1 & t is no less contr>y to ! nature ( ,god4 ,if he is n will+ & _c1 !re is bo? wick$ness & impot5ce4 ,if he is will+ & c1 :i* is ! only "o ( ^! suppositions t c be appli$ to ,god1 h[ happ5s x t !re is evil on e>?8 ,oh1 if only ! _w _h be5 influ5c$ by ?is logic in/ead ( by ! metaphysics ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion1 x w\ld h be5 s f> on ! way t[>ds ! ideal civilization z to h long s9ce pass$ ! po9t :]e x w\ld h be5 possible to h ! _w w> :i* has rec5tly delug$ ! e>? ) blood & te>s1 or to make ! ,v]sailles treaty :i* is de/9$ to issue 9 "o w> aft] ano!r1 ev] fill+ ! _w full] ) ! tyranny1 pov]ty1 slav]y & mis]y :i* are ! inevitable concomitants ( all w>s4 ,9 my op9ion ! fasc9at+ essayi/1 ,mallock1 has writt5 ! be/ ( all apologies = !ism4 ,i _c imag9e a bett] "o4 ,he1 h[ev]1 makes no m attempt ?an ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge does to e/abli% ,*ri/ianity1 or any o!r sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion4 ,l ,kant & y\rself1 ,mallock takes 8 /& on ! gr\nd t a belief 9 a cele/ial ,god1 & 9 ! immortality :i* goes ) x1 is necess>y to morality1 ! basic virtue ^u :i* civilization re/s4 ,z ,kant admits t ! exi/5ce ( ,god _c be inf]r$ f pure reason1 s ,mallock admits & ev5 /rongly cont5ds t x _c be e/abli%$ on sci5tific gr\nds4 ,i quote a /rik+ passage3 ,we mu/ dive/ ourselves ( all =egone conclusions1 ( all "q-begg+ rev]5ces1 & look ! facts ( ! univ]se /eadily 9 ! face4 ,if !i/s w b d ?is1 :at !y w see w a/oni% !m4 ,!y w see t if !re is any?+ at ! back ( ?is va/ process1 ) a consci\sness & a purpose 9 any way resembl+ our own--a ,be+ :o kn[s :at he wants & is do+ 8 be/ to get x--he is1 in/ead ( a holy & all-wise ,god1 a scatt]-bra9$1 semi-p[]ful1 semi-impot5t mon/]4 ,!y w recognize z cle>ly z !y ev] did ! old famili> facts :i* seem$ to !m evid5ces ( ,god's wisdom1 love & goodness2 b !y w f9d t ^! facts1 :5 tak5 9 connection ) ! o!rs1 only supply u ) a /&>d 9 ! nature ( ?is be+ himself by :i* mo/ ( 8 acts are exhibit$ to u z ^? ( a crim9al madman4 ,if he _h be5 bl9d1 he _h n _h s92 b if we ma9ta9 t he c see1 !n 8 s9 rema9s4 ,habitually a bungl] z he is1 & call\s :5 n actively cruel1 we are =c$ to reg>d him1 :5 he seems to exhibit b5evol5ce1 z n div9ely b5evol5t1 b m]ely weak & caprici\s1 l a boy :o fondles a kitt5 & ! next mom5t sets a dog at x4 ,& n only does 8 moral "* fall f him bit by bit1 b 8 dignity disappe>s also4 ,! ord]ly processes ( ! />s & ! l>g] ph5om5a ( nature are sugge/ive ( no?+ s mu* z a we>isome c\rt c]emonial surr\nd+ a k+ :o is unable to und]/& or to break away f x2 :il/ ! ?und] & :irlw9d1 :i* h f "t immemorial be5 accept$ z special revelations ( 8 awful p[] & maje/y1 sugge/1 if !y sugge/ any?+ ( a p]sonal "* at all1 m]ely "s blackgu>dly l>rik9 kick+ 8 heels 9 ! cl\ds1 n p]haps b5t on mis*ief1 b indiff]5t to ! fact t he is caus+ x4 ,b we ne$ n attempt to fill 9 ! picture fur!r4 ,! tru? is1 z we consid] ! univ]se z a :ole1 x fails to sugge/ a consci\s & purposive ,god at all2 & x fails to d s n because ! processes ( evolution z su* preclude ! idea t ,god might h made use ( !m = a def9ite purpose1 b because :5 we come to consid] ^! processes 9 detail1 & view !m 9 ! light ( ! only purposes !y sugge/1 we f9d !m to be su* t a ,god :o c\ld delib]ately h be5 guilty ( !m w\ld be a ,god too absurd1 too mon/r\s1 too mad to be cr$ible4 ,! god :o _h any "p 9 br++ ^u ! _w ! ,engli%-,g]man w>1 ! ,v]sailles peace1 ! ,russian blockade1 is = me a devil n a div9ity4 ,if y say t ! ,*ri/ian god _h no?+ to d ) !m1 ,i reply t ^! are among ! greate/ ( all curses :]e) mank9d has be5 afflict$ 9 mod]n times2 & if he c\ld n or w\ld n prev5t !m1 :at gr\nd is !re = look+ to him = help 9 any "t ( ne$8 ,h[ c ,i adequately express my contempt = ! ass]tion t all ?+s occur = ! be/1 = a wise & b5efic5t end8 ,x is ! mo/ utt] falsehood1 & a crime aga9/ ! human race4444 ,human suff]+ is s great1 s endless1 s awful1 t ,i c h>dly write ( x4444 ,! :ole & ! wor/1 ! wor/ pessimi/ c say is f> b5ea? ! lea/ p>ticle ( ! tru?4444 ,anyone :o w consid] ! affairs ( ! _w at l>ge 444 w see t !y d n proce$ 9 ! mann] !y w\ld d = our happ9ess if a man ( humane bread? ( view 7 plac$ at _! head ) unlimit$ p[]4 ,a man ( intellect & humanity c\ld cause ev]y?+ to happ5 9 an inf9itely sup]ior mann]4 ,b t :i* is 444 cr$it$ to a non-exi/5t intellig5ce 7or cosmic ord]1 x is j ! same7 %\ld really be claim$ & ex]cis$ by ! human race4 ,we mu/ d = ourselves :at sup]/ition has hi!rto suppos$ an intellig5ce to d = u4--,ri*>d ,jeffries4 ,w\ld b "s w+$ ,angel ere too late ,arre/ ! yet unfold$ ,roll ( ,fate1 ,& make ! /]n ,record] o!rwise ,enregi/]1 or q oblit]ate6 ,ah ,love6 c\ld y & ,i ) ,him conspire ,to grasp ?is sorry ,s*eme ( ,?+s entire1 ,w\ld n we %att] x to bits--& !n ,remold x ne>] to ! ,he>t's ,desire6 --,om>4 ,y frequ5tly intimate t my doctr9e conc]n+ ! orig9 & de/9y ( ! univ]se ) all t !re9 is1 includ+ man1 is n t ( ! majority ( m5 ( sci5ce & sci5tific philosoph]s1 b t y\rs is4 ,x w !re=e be ( int]e/ to y to "k t ,i h submitt$ ! mo/ radical ( my mat]iali/ic pieces to ?ree m5 ( sci5ce1 all great au?orities1 "o ( :om repli$1 t he 0 9 sub/antial agreem5t ) me1 b ?\ght me to be #djj ye>s ahead ( our "t2 ano!r1 t he f\nd no?+ to criticize unless x might be my failure to give great] prom95ce to ! fact t ! gods ( ! r$emptive int]pretations1 ( religion 7 s _m v]sions ( ! sun-my?1 & ! o!r1 t ! essay w\ld pass any _w congress ( sci5ti/s by a l>ge majority4 ,y ?9k t ,i am wrong 9 quot+ ,newton & ,d>w9 on my side1 because !y believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( a consci\s1 p]sonal god4 ,i am p]suad$ t su* 0 n ! case ) ,d>w9 at 8 dea?2 b1 h[ev] ?is may be1 x is 9 nei!r ( ^! cases1 nor 9 t ( any o!r sci5ti/1 a "q ( :at he philosophically believ$ conc]n+ a god1 b ( :at he sci5tifically e/abli%$ z a fact4 ,newton e/abli%$ ! fact t ! movem5ts ( ! />s 9 _! c\rses are naturally regulat$ by ! law ( gravitation1 n sup]naturally by ! w ( a god4 ,d>w9 e/abli%$ ! fact t all liv+ species ( animal & vegetable life exi/ z ! natural results ( evolution>y processes1 n z ! sup]natural results ( creative acts4 ,if ,newton 7 to /& by 8 !ological writ+s1 he w\ld fall 9 y\r e/imation1 = 8 "w on ! book ( ,daniel w\ld be reg>d$ by y z an absurdity4 ,he consid]$ ,daniel to be ! great revelation ( a ,god1 ,jehovah1 b y "k x to be ! pure/ fiction ( a man1 q z mu* ! "w ( ! imag9ation ( its au?or z ,don ,quixote is t ( ,c]vantes4 ,among ! _m !ological au?orities :om y quote aga9/ me1 ! greate/1 9 my e/imation1 is ,dr4 ,+e1 ,dean ( ,/4 ,paul's1 ,london1 ^: utt]ances ,i h be5 not+ ) great int]e/ ( late2 p>tly1 no d\bt1 because he seems to be giv+ up y\r or?odox side & com+ ov]1 sl[ly b surely1 to my het]odox "o4 ,9 a ,london pap] :i* has j rea*$ me1 ! ,lit]>y ,guide1 ?is is said ( ! ,dean3 ,! !ological op9ions ( ,dean ,+e1 "o ( ! (ficial m\?pieces ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & probably ! mo/ di/+ui%$ spokesman = ! m lib]ally m9d$ ( ! cl]gy1 h n[ rea*$ an int]e/+ /age1 bo? = ^? )\t ! ,*ur* z well z = ^? )9 x4 ,al?\gh he does n feel call$ ^u to /ate 8 own private conclusions on su* debatable que/ions1 he no long] reg>ds ! doctr9es ( ! ,immaculate ,conception & ! ,bodily ,resurrection z ess5tial pr]equisites ( ,*ri/ianity & w\ld consid] fit = ord9ation any c&idate :o reject$ !m1 provid$ su* a p]son /ill ackn[l$g$ ! div9e nature ( ,jesus ,*ri/--t is1 he w\ld n exclude him f ! ,*ur*'s m9i/ry4 ,if ,i und]/& ,dean ,+e z he is report$ 9 ! article ( :i* ?is is ! op5+ p>agraph1 he bases 8 fai? 9 ! div9ity ( ,jesus ^u ! uniqu5ess ( 8 "* & tea*+s1 n on ! miracul\sness ( 8 bir? & heal+s4 ,b ,dean ,+e has no au!ntic or reliable acc\nt ( ! life & tea*+s ( ,jesus2 & s1 z a !ologian1 l all !ologians1 he lives1 moves & has 8 be+ 9 ! realm ( fiction1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 him & y\rself be+ t he is 9 t "p ( x :]e ! imag9ation sits en?ron$1 & y 9 ! region :]e metaphysics is mon>* ( all x surveys4 ,an out/&+ !ologian :o1 z x seems to me1 ov]%ad[s ,dean ,+e1 comm5t+ ^u a piece ( my writ+ :i* is q z radical z any "p ( ?is lett] goes ev5 fur!r ?an he4 ,i h1 he says1 j read ! ,*apt] ( y\r ,natural ,gospel = a ,sci5tific ,age1 :i* y h k9dly s5t me1 ) ! greate/ int]e/4 ,inde$ ,i h come s he>tily to %>e y\r po9t ( view t ,i c f9d no po9ts = criticism2 ,i c only say h[ grateful ,i am to h _h an opportunity ( see+ y\r uncompromis+ & cle> expression ( ! only k9d ( ,mod]nism t has any promise = ! future4 ,i am beg9n+ to feel m & m uncom=table 9 our ,*ri/ian movem5t because s _m ( our lead]s "h are attempt+ an impossible compromise ) dogma4 ,m5 l ,dr4 ,ra%dall h no place 9 ! movem5t = m5 :o _c accept _! 'fullblood$ !ism4' ,9 fact !y are ,h>nackians ) _! "o or two unalt]ably fix$ dogmas4 ,,iv4 ,if y ask :y ,i cont9ue to be a memb] ( an or?odox *ur* & its m9i/ry1 ! answ] is1 !re is no reason :y ,i %\ld n = 7if !y may be int]pret$ by myself1 = myself1 spiritually7 ,i accept e article ( ! cre$ ( ca?olic or?odoxy2 b if ! articles ( ?is cre$ mu/ be int]pret$ lit]ally !re is no "o 9 our *ur* 7! ,episcopal7 or 9 any among ! *ur*es1 :o believes all ( !m4 ,= example1 :o believes1 t ,god creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>? out ( no?+ 9 six days1 z he is repres5t$ to h done 9 8 alleg$ revelation ( :i* ! cre$ is a cond5sation8 ,all 9 ?is *ur*1 or at lea/ all ! m9i/]s ( x1 :o h obey$ its requirem5t respect+ ! devotion ( !mselves to /udy1 z ,i h1 "k t ! firmam5t or heav5 ( :i* ! revelation speaks has no sub/antial exi/5ce1 only an imag9>y "o4 ,:at 0 suppos$ to be x1 is b ! reflection ( light ^u ! du/ ( ! atmosph]e4 ,z = ! e>? x 0 n made out ( no?+2 &1 inde$1 x 0 n sup]naturally made at all b naturally evolutioniz$ out ( matt] & =ce1 & ev5 !y 7 n creat$ by a god1 = !y are co-exi/+ et]nalities2 nor 7 _! evolution>y processes direct$ by him1 = !y h et]nally1 automatically & necess>ily co-op]at$ 9 su* processes to ! production ( e ph5om5on :i* has contribut$ to make bo? ! physical & psy*ical p>ts ( ! univ]se :at !y h be5 at any "t1 includ+ ! div9e1 diabolical & angelic fictions :i* m5 h made & plac$ above & bel[ ! e>?4 ,if y ask :e!r ,i am /ill a pr(ess+ ,*ri/ian1 ,i w answ]3 yes1 yet ! ,bro!r ,jesus ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ca?olic cre$ & prote/ant confessions1 is n = me an hi/orical p]sonage1 b only a symbol ( all t is = ! good ( ! _w1 ev5 z ! ,uncle ,sam ( ,am]ican lit]ature is n an hi/orical p]sonage b only a symbol ( all :i* is = ! good ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,if y ask :e!r ,i am a pray+ ,*ri/ian1 ,i %all answ]3 yes1 yet :5 ,i pray1 z ,i d e day1 my pray] is an appeal to a real div9ity )9 my he>t1 ! bett] self1 ( :i* self all ! unreal div9ities 9 ! skies includ+ ! ,*ri/ian tr9ity1 ,fa!r1 ,son & ,_s1 are b poetic symbols1 & ,i no long] expect ?is ,god to answ] o!rwise ?an ! symbol ( p>5ts1 ,santa ,claus1 answ]s ! pray]s ( *ildr51 or ! symbol ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,uncle ,sam1 answ]s ! pray]s ( ,am]icans4 ,if y ask :e!r ,i am a commun+ ,*ri/ian1 ,i %all answ]3 yes1 yet :5 ,i g to ! ,"l's ,supp]1 z ,i d e mon?1 ! /r5g? :i* ,i receive is d]iv$ f ! feel+ t ?r\gh x ,i place myself 9 communion ) my human bre?r5 on e>?1 n ) a div9e bro!r 9 ! sky1 p>ticul>ly ) ! memb]s ( my *ur* & ! citiz5s ( my t[n & its neighborhood1 b g5]ally ) all m51 wom5 & *ildr5 ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 ( :i* real bre?r5 ! bro!r god 9 ! sky1 ,jesus1 is b a poetic symbol2 nor d ,i n[ reg>d ! communion ( ?is supp] z be+ ess5tially diff]5t f t ( any ord9>y family-meal1 lodge-banquet1 or sociali/-picnic1 ) ea* ( :i* repa/s ! in=mal ,"l's ,supp] ( ! apo/olic *ur* _h mu* m 9 common ?an x has ) ! =mal celebrations ( ! sacram5t 9 any among ! sect>ian *ur*es4,j ,_m critics repres5t t1 9 view ( ! *anges 9 my !ological op9ion1 if ,i am an hone/ man1 n a hypocrite1 ,i w leave ! m9i/ry & communion ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur*4 ,b :y %\ld ,i g :ile any ( my bro!r cl]gym5 rema98 ,i give a symbolic or allegorical int]pretation to e article ( ! :ole sy/em ( ,*ri/ian sup]naturalism & uniqueism2 yet z symbols1 allegories1 p>ables1 or my?s1 ,i d n reject any1 & no memb] ( our ,h\se ( ,bi%ops lit]ally accepts all4 ,:o among influ5tial prea*]s ( any rank 9 any *ur* believes3 7#a7 t ! _w 0 made ab\t six ?\s& ye>s ago by a p]sonal1 ,creator-,god out ( no?+2 or t x 0 made at any "t out ( any?+8 7#b7 t su* a ,god =m$ ,adam out ( du/ & ,eve out ( a rib2 t !y left ,8 h&s z p]fect physical & moral images ( ,himself1 & fully civiliz$ repres5tatives ( ! human race2 or t !re 0 any fir/ man & woman8 7#c7 t ,he plant$ a ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 & plac$ !m !re9 "u ideal conditions1 & t ,he walk$ 9 x & talk$ ) !m2 or t !re ev] 0 any su* g>d58 7#d7 t a p]sonal de/roy]-,devil1 inc>nat$ 9 a talk+ s]p5t1 tempt$ !m into disob$i5ce2 or t !re ev] 0 any su* ,devil8 7#e7 t b = ?is ,devil's influ5ce & _! s91 labor & suff]+1 physical dea? & moral degradation w\ld h be5 unkn[n on e>?1 & t x w\ld h be5 ! p]man5t abode ( mank9d1 z inde$ ( all s5ti5t creatures2 or t any ( ! high] =ms ( life w\ld h be5 possible )\t dea?8 & 7#f7 t to repair ! evils accompli%$ by ?is ,de/roy]-,devil x 0 necess>y = a p]sonal ,re/or]-,god to become inc>nat$ 9 a man1 9 ord] t he might %$ ?is blood z a suffici5t sacrifice = ! satisfaction ( ! (f5d$ ,creator-,god2 also1 9 ord] t ! resurrection ( ! bodies 7bones1 fle%1 blood & animal organism7 ( all deceas$ m51 wom5 & *ildr5 & ! rehabitation ( !m by _! respective s\ls c\ld be accompli%$1 to ! end t a few1 on acc\nt ( _! fai?1 might be transf]r$ to a p]man5t home 9 a heav5 on a firmam5t above ! e>?1 & ! _m1 because ( _! lack ( fai?1 to a p]man5t home 9 a hell bel[2 or t !re ev] 0 any su* inc>nation = ^! purposes2 or t !re are any su* firmam5t1 heav51 & hell1 or t !re w be any su* resurrection1 asc5sion or desc5sion8 ,if o!r bi%ops1 prie/s & deacons c1 z !y mu/1 br+ 9 _! symbolism or allegorism t\*+ any or all ( ^! six fundam5tals1 :i* con/itute ! basis ( ! sup]naturalism ( traditional ,*ri/ianity1 & yet n leave ! *ur*1 :y may n ,i br+ 9 m9e & rema98 ,att5tion is call$ by sev]al critics to ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge1 z an example ( an out/&+ man ( sci5ce :o accepts sup]naturalism4 ,:ile ,i 0 desp]ately try+ to reta9 my conception ( a sup]naturali/ic ,god & ( all ! sup]naturalism t goes ) x 7revelation ( tru?1 answ] to pray]1 guidance by provid5ce1 resurrection ( ! dead & _! asc5sion1 et]nal consci\sness & happ9ess7 ,i at "o "t c5t]$ a great deal ( hope 9 him1 & eag]ly /udi$ 8 works z inde$ ,i did ^? ( mo/ apologi/s = sup]naturalism among !m ! greate/1 ,flamm>ion1 ,balf\r1 ,b]gson & ,hudson1 b my c>eful /udy ( 8 _m writ+s conv9c$ me t he does n hold any ( ! sup]naturali/ic doctr9es :i* are di/9ctively ,*ri/ian4 ,h[ev]1 x is my doctr9e conc]n+ ,jesus1 r ?an t ( ,*ri/ian traditionalism1 t is 9 exact alignm5t ) t ( ?is r5[n$ physici/4 ,we agree t ,jesus1 if hi/orical1 0 a ,son ( ,god & ! ,*ri/ to m5 9 no o!r s5se1 & !re=e 9 no high] degree1 ?an all repres5tatives ( ! human race may be sons or daught]s ( ,god1 if !re are gods & *ri/s1 to ! m51 wom5 & *ildr5 ) :om !y come 9 contact4 ,mo/ critics ?9k t ,i am wrong 9 repres5t+ t ! great majority ( ! lead+ m5 ( sci5ce are naturali/ic1 n sup]naturali/ic1 b ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge repres5ts t among su* sci5ti/s x is g5]ally believ$ t ! univ]se is self-expla9$1 self-conta9$ & self-ma9ta9$2 & speak+ on 8 own behalf ( its creation out ( no?+ he says3 ,! improbability or absurdity ( su* a conception1 except 9 ! symbolism ( poetry1 is extreme1 & x is un?9kable by any educat$ p]son4 ,all ^! gods 7 creat$1 end[$ & locat$ by man1 & !n he _h !m make revelations1 create *ur*es1 in/itute sacram5ts & appo9t prie/hoods = 8 r$emption f devils :om he also creat$1 end[$ & locat$4 ,?is is :y p ( ! same c\ntry & "t h su* diff]5t gods & revelations4 ,jehovah is ! god & ! ,old ,te/am5t ! revelation ( ! k+s & plutocrats :o are responsible = w>s2 ,jesus is ! god & ! ,new ,te/am5t is ! revelation ( ! doctors & nurses :o d :at !y c to alleviate ! mis]y ( !m4 ,! gods1 n except+ ,jehovah & ,jesus1 are z my?ical z ,santa ,claus & answ] _! suppliants n o!rwise ?an he answ]s 81 ?r\gh human repres5tatives4 ,if ! suff]+1 ne$y or afflict$ d n get help & sympa?y f m51 wom5 & *ildr5 !y get none f ! gods & angels4 ,:ile on ! "o h& ! great majority ( sci5ti/s1 sci5tific philosoph]s & educat$ p g5]ally d\bt t any god ev] answ]$ a pray] or ex]cis$ a provid5ce1 on ! o!r1 no "o d\bts t m51 wom5 & *ildr5 answ] millions ( pray]s daily & t e p]son's c>e] is :olly diff]5t f :at x w\ld h be5 b = human provid5ce2 t1 inde$1 life w\ld be impossible )\t ! provid5ce :i* all p ex]cise 9 ! he>+ & answ]+ ( pray]s4 ,repres5tatives ( _m ( ! int]pretations ( religion /rew$ e battle-field ( ! ,european w>4 ,! cele/ial savi\rs did n c>e = "o ( _! devotees4 ,! t]re/rial savi\rs 7doctors & nurses7 did ev]y?+ = ! desp]ately w\nd$ & sav$ millions :o w\ld h mis]ably p]i%$ b = !m4 ,^! 7 ! real *ri/s & angels ( :om ! cele/ial ones are b symbols4 ,! cele/ials always h pass$ by on ! o!r side4 ,! t]re/rials are ! ,good ,sam>itans :5 !re are any4 ,sceptics inf] f ?is neglig5ce t ! gods & angels h no real objective exi/5ce4 ,believ]s cont5d t !y really exi/ objectively & excuse ! neglect on acc\nt ( preoccupation4 ,= example1 ! ,god ( traditional ,*ri/ianity is suppos$ to sp5d mu* "t c\nt+ hairs on ! heads ( ,8 p & wat*+ sp>r[s fall to ! gr\nd4 ,sceptics are rev]5tly b e>ne/ly ask+3 ,:y does ,he n keep ! sp>r[s f fall+8 ,:y does ,he n let ! hairs rema9 unnumb]$1 until ,he has put a /op to w>s & promot$ good w among m5 to a degree :i* w r5d] x impossible t ! _w %\ld any long] be curs$ by !m8 ,if believ]s say t we h no k ( ! ways ( ,god1 sceptics reply3 ,s9ce all :i* is kn[n ab\t any objective reality is conc]n+ ! ways !re(1 :at ! action is "u giv5 circum/ances1 h[ d y "k t y\r ,god has any?+ to d ) ei!r sp>r[s or m51 or ev5 t ,he exi/s8 ,z to _! philosophy conc]n+ ! orig91 su/5ance & gov]nance ( ! univ]se1 sociali/s ( ! s*ool ( ,m>x1 are almo/ to a man mat]iali/s2 b1 z to _! philosophy conc]n+ life1 !y are z g5]ally ideali/s4 ,!re is1 ,i feel sure1 z mu* idealism 9 my ?9k+ & liv+ n[ z !re 0 9 ! days ( my or?odoxy1 b ,i w let y judge = y\rself aft] read+ ! foll[+ confession ( fai?3 ,my e>ly life 0 blight$ z ! result ( ! premature dea? ( my fa!r by ! ,civil ,w> & ! consequ5t break+ up ( 8 family & my bondage to a ,g]man :o made a slave ( me1 broke my heal? by ov]work & exposure1 &1 wor/ ( all1 kept me 9 ignorance1 s t :51 at ! age ( tw5ty-"o1 ,i began my education1 ,i 0 assign$ to ! f\r? grade ( a public s*ool4 ,! prime ( my life has be5 wa/$ 9 prea*+ z tru?s ! dogmas ( ! ,*ri/ian !ology1 ! repres5tations ( :i* ,i n[ believe1 ) ! ov]:elm+ majority ( educat$ p1 to be at be/ s _m symbols & at wor/ sup]/itions4 ,b ?\gh ,i d n n[ & probably nev] %all aga9 believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( a consci\s1 p]sonal god1 a k ( & ob$i5ce to ^: w is necess>y to salvation1 yet an inju/ice is done me by ^? :o say ,i h ab&on$ god & religion4 ,e "o :o desires & endeavors to fulfill ! requirem5ts ( a law :i* is indep5d5t ( 8 w & beyond 8 control has a god & a religion4 ,i desire & endeavor ?is 9 ! case ( two su* laws & s h two gods & two religions4 ,bo? ( my div9ities are tr9ities4 ,"o is 9 ! physical realm & ! o!r 9 ! moral "o4 ,9 ! physical realm my triune god is3 matt]1 ! fa!r2 =ce1 ! son1 & motion1 ! _s4 ,9 ! moral realm1 my triune god is3 fact1 ! fa!r2 tru?1 ! son1 & life1 ! _s4 ,= me ! triune div9ity ( ,*ri/ianity is a symbol ( ^! tr9ities & x is my desire & ef=t to discov] & fulfill :at !y require ( me1 9 ord] t ,i may make my own physical1 psy*ical & moral life z long1 happy & complete z possible & help o!rs 9 do+ ?is = !mselves4 ,?is desire & ef=t is at once my morality & religion1 my politics & patriotism1 & !y are spiritual realities4 ,on acc\nt ( ! fir/ ( ^! sets ( spiritual virtues 7morality & religion7 ,i claim to be a ,*ri/ian ( ! highe/ type1 & t any accusation :i* is rais$ aga9/ me because ( alleg$ disloyalty to any ess5tial ( ,*ri/ianism is an inju/ice4 ,on acc\nt ( ! second ( ^! sets ( spiritual virtues 7politics & patriotism7 ,i claim to be an ,am]ican ( ! highe/ type1 & t any accusation :i* is rais$ aga9/ me because ( alleg$ disloyalty to an ess5tial ( ,am]icanism is an inju/ice4 ,f ! viewpo9t ( ! self-/yl$ "o hundr$ p] c5t ,*ri/ians1 ,i am a betray] ( ,bro!r ,jesus because ,i d n believe t he ev] _h any exi/5ce z a god & t1 if he 0 at any "t a man1 ! _w does n n[ & nev] c "k ( "o ?+ t he did or ( "o ^w t he said4 ,f ! viewpo9t ( ! self-/yl$ "o hundr$ p] c5t ,am]icans1 ,i am a traitor to ,uncle ,sam1 because ,i did oppose 8 go+ into ! ,engli%-,g]man w>1 & because ,i d object to ! p>tiality :i* he %[s to 8 ri* nephews & nieces4 ,/ill ,jesus & ,uncle ,sam are z de> to me z ev] & inde$ de>]1 yet n z objective1 consci\s p]sonalities1 b z symbols1 ideals or patt]ns4 ,h[ev]1 ?\gh ,i love my ,bro!r ,jesus & ,uncle ,sam all ! "t1 z a *ild does ,santa ,claus at ,*ri/mas "t1 ,i am no long] *ildi% en\gh at any "t to look to ei!r ( !m to d any?+ = me1 because ,i "k t :at is done = me mu/ be done ei!r by myself or by m51 wom5 & *ildr51 & t z objective1 consci\s p]sonalities1 my ,bro!r ,jesus & ,uncle ,sam h _h no m to d ) my life ?an ! man-9-!-moon4 ,y\r obs]vation conc]n+ ! ,am]ican gov]nm5t z be+ ! /&>d to :i* all gov]nm5ts w ultimately con=m *all5ges an e>ne/ ^w ( fri5dly diss5t4 ,our gov]nm5t is :at all ! gov]nm5ts ( ! _w are 7) ! s+le exception ( ! ,russian7 a gov]nm5t 9 ! int]e/ ( a small class1 ! repres5tatives ( :i* own ! means & ma*9es ( production & di/ribution & :o produce & di/ribute ?+s = pr(it1 ea* = himself4 ,! repres5tatives ( "o class produce ?+s socially1 & ^? ( ano!r class appropriate !m individually4 ,?is is capitali/ic an>*y1 ! wor/ ( possible an>*ism1 & x mu/ h an end soon or ! _w w be lo/4 ,robb]y is ! ess5ce ( an>*y & ,m>x %[$ t e c5t ( pr(it made "u ! exi/+ sy/em ( economics 7& 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates x am\nts to sev]al billions ( doll>s e ye>7 is s mu* robb]y ( ! _m :o make & op]ate ! ma*9es1 because !y are paid less 9 wages ?an ! value ( ! products made & di/ribut$ by !m4 ,we are he>+ mu* 9 ^! days ab\t ! an>*y ( ^? :o are dissatisfi$ ) ! capitali/ic gov]nm5ts1 b ! gov]nm5ts !mselves & ^? 9 ^: int]e/s !y exi/ are ! real an>*i/s4 ,! fle% & blood ( an>*ism are robb]y & ly+1 & ^! are ! meat & dr9k ( capitalism4 ,! ,engli%-,g]man w> 0 ! mo/ flagrant act ( an>*y 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,! peace ( ,v]sailles & ! blockade ( ,russia 7 outrage\s acts ( an>*y1 & s also are ! t]rorism & tyranny ( :i* e capitali/ic c\ntry is s full1 our own ) ! re/4 ,morality is ! v he>t ( civilization & ( all t really makes = x2 b morality is impossible on a capitali/ic basis1 = x is f\nd$ on ! mo/ immoral ?+s 9 ! _w1 robb]y1 ly+1 murd]1 ignorance1 pov]ty & slav]y4 ,if ,i am "r 9 ! conviction t ! ,unit$ ,/ates is m :olly giv5 ov] to capitalism ?an any o!r nation1 n except+ ev5 ,engl&1 x is ! greate/ robb]1 li> & murd]] on e>?4 ,h[ !n1 c ! ,unit$ ,/ates become ! /&>d = ! gov]nm5ts ( ! nations8 ,if ! gov]nm5t ( ,russia holds its own1 x1 r ?an t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w become ! /&>d to :i* all gov]nm5ts mu/ measure up or else g d[n4 ,yes1 n ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates b t ( ,russia is de/9$ to become ! /&>d ( all peoples1 = ! aim ( our gov]nm5t is money1 m money1 & !n "s1 = ! few1 :ile ! inf9itely high] aim ( !irs is life1 m life1 full] life = e man1 woman & *ild4 ,)9 my g5]ation ! vangu>d ( humanity has pass$ f ! age ( traditionalism to t ( sci5tism & ?is transition is ! greate/ & mo/ salut>y ev5t 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( humanity4 ,x is impossible to exagg]ate its importance4 ,x m>ks ! "t :5 man began consci\sly to realize t he mu/ look to himself r ?an to any god = salvation4 ,f "t immemorial man has realiz$ t ignorance is 8 ru9 & k 8 salvation1 b dur+ ! too _m & too long ages ( traditionalism he made ! fatal mi/ake ( suppos+ t he 0 dep5d5t ^u a sup]natural revelation by an unconsci\s1 p]sonal god = ! necess>y k4 ,b n[ ! lead+ p ( ! _w1 ! %eph]ds ( ! %eep1 are see+ ) increas+ cle>ness t man has naturally inh]it$ 8 k & mu/ naturally acquire by 8 own exp]i5ce1 reason & inve/igation e addition to x4 ,! _w is inde$ pass+ ?r\gh a long1 d>k night1 b nei!r ! longe/ nor ! d>ke/1 & s9ce at la/ a great & rapidly increas+ multitude happily realize t humanity mu/ "w out its own salvation ?r\gh ! liv+ ( its own k by its own inh]it$ & increas$ /r5g?1 n by a sup]natural grace1 we ( ?is g5]ation may rationally hope1 z ^? ( no o!r did or c\ld1 = ! dawn+ ( ! longe/ & brighte/ ( all days4 ,z an old ye> dies into a new "o1 & z fl\ri%+ g5]ations die into ris+ ones1 s ! old traditional ages1 :5 nations & sects look$ to _! rival gods 9 ! skies = help1 are happily dy+ into ! new sci5tific age1 :5 all s5sible & good m51 rely+ ^u ! /r5g? ( a common div9ity :i* is )9 !mselves1 w unite 9 an all-inclusive bro!rhood = ! promotion ( ! ideal civilization1 a univ]sal reign ( righte\sness4 ,x is night1--midnight4 ,! clock is /rik+ twelve4 ,b ?is is ! v h\r & ! v m9ute1 :5 all ! savi\rs ( mank9d h always be5 & ev] w be born4 ,!n x is t ! ,virg91 ,nature1 comes to ?is d>k _w ) h] new born ,son1 ,tru?1 :om to "k & foll[ is morality1 religion1 politics & life4 ,x is !n t ^? :o give expression to ! highe/ ideals & deepe/ long+s ( mank9d1 he> ! angels1 ,reason & ,hope1 s+3 ,on e>? peace & good w t[>ds m54 ,v cordially & gratefully y\rs1 ,,wm4 ,m4 ,,br[n4 ,br[nella ,cottage1 ,galion1 ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr$]ick ,,engels ,illu/ration3 ,,nikolai ,,l59 ,,footnotes3 ,h ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a political republic1 su* z ,am]ica has develop$1 & an indu/rial republic1 su* z ,russia is develop+1 is t ! adm9i/rators ( ! =m] are elect$ f ! geographical divisions & ^? ( ! latt] f ! productive divisions into :i* ! population is divid$4 ,if we lik5 /ates to fruit trees1 ! ,am]ican tree may be said to h be5 evolutioniz$ = ! purpose ( produc+ ! fruit ( commodities = ! pr(it ( ! own+ class1 & ! ,russian1 ! fruit ( commodities = ! use ( ! work+ class4 ,i ,see app5dix4 ,j ,nev]!less ,i consid] *ur*-go+ to be a bad habit1 & if ,i c\ld live my life ov]1 ,i w\ld n all[ myself to become addict$ to x4 ,,communism ,,& ,,*ri/ianism ,,analyz$ ,,& ,,contra/$ ,,f ,,! ,,m>xian ,,& ,,d>w9ian ,,po9ts ,,( ,,view ,app5dix4 ,i ,sci5tific ,socialism4 ,,ii ,god & ,immortality4 ,,iii ,my?ical ,"* ( ,old & ,new ,te/am5t ,p]sonages4 ,,iv ,w\ld ,socialism ,*ange ,human ,nature8 ,v ,:at ,w be ! ,=m ( ! ,work]s' ,/ate8 ,,vi ,)drawal ( ,prize ,(f]4 ,,vii ,aft]word4 ,morality is ! greate/ ?+ 9 ! _w2 b p>adoxical z x may seem1 !re is "o great] ?+1 lib]ty--! lib]ty :i* is fre$om to le>n1 int]pret1 live & tea* ! tru? z x is reveal$ by ! facts or acts ( nature4 ,)\t ?is fre$om !re c be no morality1 & ( c\rse no true religion1 politics or civilization4 ,,survival ,,( ,,! ,,fitte/4 ,9 nor!rn climes1 ! pol> be> ,protects himself ) fat & hair1 ,:]e sn[ is deep & ice is />k1 ,& half ! ye> is cold & d>k2 ,he /ill survives a clime l t ,by gr[+ fur1 by gr[+ fat4 ,^! traits1 ,o be>1 :i* ?\ transmitte/ ,prove ! ,survival ( ! ,fitte/4 ,to pol> regions wa/e & wan1 ,comes ! encroa*+ race ( man1 ,a puny1 feeble1 little bubb]1 ,he has no fur1 he has no blubb]4 ,! scornful be> sat d[n at ease ,to see ! /rang] />ve & freeze2 ,b1 lo6 ! /rang] slew ! be>1 ,& ate 8 fat & wore 8 hair2 ,^! de$s1 ,o ,man1 :i* ?\ committe/ ,prove ! ,survival ( ! ,fitte/4 ,9 mod]n times ! millionaire ,protects himself z did ! be>3 ,:]e ,pov]ty & ,hung] are ,he c\nts 8 bullion by ! c>3 ,:]e ?\s&s p]i% /ill he ?rives-- ,! weal?1 ,o ,croesus1 ?\ transmitte/ ,proves ! ,survival ( ! ,fitte/4 ,b1 lo1 "s p odd & funny1 ,"s m5 )\t a c5t ( money-- ,! simple common human race ,*ose to improve _! dwell+ place2 ,!y _h no use = millionaires1 ,!y calmly said ! _w 0 !irs1 ,!y 7 s wise1 s /rong1 s _m1 ,! ,millionaires8--!re wasn't any4 ,^! de$s1 ,o ,man1 :i* ?\ committe/ ,prove ! ,survival ( ! ,fitte/4 --,mrs4 ,*>lotte ,/etson4 ,i4 ,,sci5tific ,,socialism4 ,! work+ class & ! employ+ class h no?+ 9 common4 ,!re c be no peace s long z hung] & want are f\nd among millions ( work+ p & ! few1 :o make up ! employ+ class1 h all ! good ?+s ( life4 ,betwe5 ^! two classes a /ruggle mu/ g on until ! work]s ( ! _w organize z a class1 take possession ( ! e>? & ! ma*9]y ( production1 & aboli% ! wage sy/em4 ,we f9d t ! c5t]+ ( managem5t ( ! indu/ries into few] & few] h&s makes ! trade unions unable to cope ) ! ev] gr[+ p[] ( ! employ+ class4 ,! trade unions fo/] a /ate ( affairs :i* all[s "o set ( work]s to be pitt$ aga9/ ano!r set ( work]s 9 ! same indu/ry1 !reby help+ defeat "o ano!r 9 wage w>s4 ,moreov]1 ! trade unions aid ! employ+ class to mislead ! work]s into ! belief t ! work+ class h int]e/s 9 common ) _! employ]s4 ,^! conditions c be *ang$ & ! int]e/ ( ! work+ class upheld only by an organization =m$ 9 su* a way t all its memb]s 9 any "o indu/ry1 or 9 all indu/ries if necess>y1 cease "w :5ev] a /rike or lock\t is on 9 any dep>tm5t !re(1 ?us mak+ an injury to "o an injury to all4 ,in/ead ( ! cons]vative motto1 ,a fair day's wage = a fair day's "w1 we mu/ inscribe on our bann] ! revolution>y wat*word1 ,abolition ( ! wage sy/em4 ,x is ! hi/oric mission ( ! work+ class to d away ) capitalism4 ,! army ( production mu/ be organiz$1 n only = ! e-day /ruggle ) capitali/s1 b also to c>ry on production :5 capitalism %all h be5 ov]?r[n4 ,by organiz+ indu/rially we are =m+ ! /ructure ( ! new society )9 ! %ell ( ! old4--,preamble ( ! ,indu/rial ,work]s ( ! ,_w4 ,! foll[+ ,synopsis ( ,sci5tific ,socialism w s]ve bo? z a summ>y ( & supplem5t to my little book4 ,x is ! introductory "p ( a cate*ism 7a s]ies ( que/ions & answ]s7 entitl$ ,sci5tific ,socialism ,/udy ,c\rse publi%$ by ,*>les ,h4 ,k]r ,company1 #cda ,ea/ ,ohio ,/reet1 ,*icago1 & is repr9t$ "h by _! cons5t1 ) c]ta9 *anges 9 ! int]e/s ( brevity & p]spicuity4 ,z a :ole ?is %ort ,/udy ,c\rse ( only ?irty small pages 9 l>ge type is ! greate/ piece ( cate*etical lit]ature ( :i* ,i h any k4 ,ev5 ! synopsis z giv5 "h conta9s m ( ! education :i* makes = ! good ( ! _w ?an all ! cate*isms ( all ! *ur*es4 ,! ,cate*ism 0 publi%$ 9 #aiac4 #a4 ,h[ d y expla9 ! ph5om5a ( ,hi/ory8 ,ans43 ,hi/ory1 f ! capitali/ po9t ( view1 is a record ( political & intellectual *anges & revolutions ( s-call$ great m51 :]e9 ! economic causes = ^! acts & *anges are ignor$ or conceal$2 b1 f ! sociali/ view po9t1 hi/ory reveals a s]ies ( class /ruggles betwe5 an exploit$ weal?-produc+ class & an exploit+ rul+ class ov] ! weal? produc$4 #b4 ,:at effect h great m5 _h on hi/ory8 ,ans43 ,great m5 7 simply ideal expressions ( ! hopes ( "s class 9 society t 0 becom+ economically p[]ful4 ,!y =m$ a nucleus ar\nd :i* a class ga!r$ itself 9 atta9+ economic conque/s 9 its own int]e/1 & 9 e/abli%+ social in/itutions 9 h>mony )1 & = ! p]petuation (1 su* class int]e/s4 ,^! m5 _h to embody "s vital pr9ciples f ! economic conditions ( _! "t & repres5t "s class int]e/4 ,! same m5 ) ! same ideas w\ld n be great m5 "u a diff]5t mode ( production :5 ! "t = _! ideas 0 n ripe4 #c4 ,:at great factor is responsible = ! rise ( great m58 ,ans43 ,! fact t ! ideas ( ^! m5 co9cid$ ) ! class int]e/s ( "s class 9 society t 0 becom+ economically p[]ful4 ,!re=e economic conditions mu/ exi/ or be develop+ :i* f9d _! highe/ expression 9 ! ideas ( su* m54 #d4 ,:y d social in/itutions *ange & n rema9 fix$8 ,ans43 ,because ! process ( economic evolution w n p]mit !m to rema9 fix$4 ,! developm5t & improvem5t ( ! means ( production & di/ribution produce economic *anges1 !re=e social in/itutions 7! /ate1 *ur*1 s*ool & ev5 ! family7 are =c$ to *ange to con=m ) *ang+ economic conditions4 ,^! are due to evolution>y & revolution>y processes connect$ ) ! means ( production & di/ribution4 #e4 ,:at is responsible = ! bir? ( new ideas1 & d !y occur to "s "o individual only8 ,ans43 ,new ideas1 !ories & discov]ies emanate f mat]ial conditions1 & su* conditions act ^u individuals4 ,! same idea or discov]y may be br\ght out by diff]5t individuals indep5d5tly & ap>t f ea* o!r4 ,?is proves t x is n great m5 :o are responsible = mat]ial conditions1 b t mat]ial conditions 7modes ( production & di/ribution7 produce ! m5 be/ able to m>%al ! facts & express ! idea2 usually 9 ! int]e/ ( "s class4 #f4 ,:at s+le great idea occurr$ to bo? ,d>w9 & ,wallace indep5d5tly8 ,ans43 ,! !ory ( ,natural ,selection :i* %[$ t ! closely alli$ ante-type 0 ! p>5t /ock f :i* ! new =m _h be5 d]iv$ by v>iation4 #g4 ,:at s+le great idea occurr$ to bo? ,m>x & ,engels indep5d5tly8 ,ans43 ,! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory4 #h4 ,"n ! ?ree great ideas develop$ by ,m>x & ,engels :i* n[ =m ! b$-rock basis = ! sociali/ philosophy4 ,ans43 7#a7 ! ,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory1 or1 ! law ( economic det]m9ism1 7#b7 ! ,law ( ,surplus ,value1 & 7#c7 ! ,class ,/ruggle4 #i4 ,expla91 briefly1 ! mat]iali/ic conception ( hi/ory4 ,ans43 ,9 e hi/orical epo*1 ! prevail+ mode ( economic production & ex*ange & ! social organization necess>ily foll[+ f x =ms ! basis ^u :i* is built up & f :i* alone c be expla9$1 ! political & intellectual hi/ory ( t epo*4 ,! laws1 cu/oms1 education1 religion1 public op9ion & morals are 9 ! long run controll$ & %ap$ by economic conditions2 or1 9 o!r words1 by ! dom9ant rul+ class :i* ! economic sy/em ( any giv5 p]iod =ces to ! front4 #aj4 ,:at is ! mo/ important "q 9 life8 ,ans43 ,! problem ( secur+ food & %elt]4 #aa4 ,:at be>+ does ?is h on ! mat]iali/ic conception ( hi/ory8 ,ans43 ,x gives u ! only key by :i* we c und]/& ! hi/ory ( ! pa/1 & )9 limits1 pr$ict ! c\rse ( future developm5t4 #ab4 ,:at effect does ! prevail+ mode ( production & ex*ange 9 any p>ticul> epo*1 h on ! social organization & political & intellectual hi/ory ( t epo*8 ,ans43 ,any?+ t goes to ! roots ( ! economic /ructure & modifies x 7! food & %elt] "q 9 life7 w inevitably modify e o!r bran* & dep>tm5t ( human life1 political1 e?ical1 religi\s & moral4 ,?is makes ! social "q prim>ily an economic "o & all our ?\ght & ef=t %\ld be conc5trat$ on x4 #ac4 ,d ! ideas ( ! rul+ class1 9 any giv5 epo*1 correspond ) ! prevail+ mode ( economic production8 ,ans43 ,!y correspond exactly1 z all connective in/itutions1 civil1 religi\s1 legal1 educational1 political & dome/ic h be5 m\ld$ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! economically dom9ant class :o control ^! in/itutions 9 a mann] to uphold _! class int]e/s :]e _! ideas f9d expression4 #ad4 ,:at effect d ^! ideas ( ! rul+ class h on ! int]e/s ( ! subject class8 ,ans43 ,! effect is detrim5tal to ! int]e/s ( ! subject class z ! diff]5t class int]e/s conflict4 ,!re=e ! rul+ class f9ds ! in/itutions m5tion$ v useful 9 ei!r p]suad+ or =c+ ! s-call$ l[] classes to submit to ! economic conditions t are absolutely aga9/ _! int]e/1 ev5 ?\gh !y are ! weal? produc+ class4 #ae4 ,di/+ui% natural environm5t f man-made environm5t4 ,ans43 ,natural environm5t :i* consi/$ ( ! f]tility ( ! soil1 climatic conditions1 abundance ( fruits1 nuts1 game & fi% 0 all-important 9 ! e>ly /age ( man's developm5t4 ,) ! progress ( civilization ?is nature-made environm5t loses its supreme importance & ! man-made economic environm5t becomes equally important4 #af4 ,expla91 briefly1 ! law ( ,surplus ,value4 ,ans43 ,x is ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at ! work+ class z a :ole gets = its labor p[] at its value 9 wages1 say an av]age ( five doll>s p] day1 = produc+ commodities1 & :at ! employ+ class z a :ole gets1 say an av]age ( tw5ty-five doll>s1 = ! same commodities :5 sold at _! value4 ,accord+ to ?is cons]vative e/imate capital is ^u ! :ole & 9 ! long run robb+ labor ( f\r-fif?s ( ! value ( its productive p[]4 ,capitalism is !re=e ! great robb]1 ! ,beelzebub ( robb]s4 #ag4 ,s9ce ! economic factor is ! det]m9+ factor1 :at does ! law ( ,surplus ,value furni% u8 ,ans43 ,surplus ,value is ! key to ! :ole pres5t economic organization ( society4 ,! end & object ( capitali/ society is ! =mation & accumulation ( surplus value2 or 9 o!r words1 ! sy/ematic1 legal robb]y ( ! subject work+ class4 #ah4 ,def9e value & /ate h[ measur$4 ,ans43 ,value is ! av]age am\nt ( human labor "t socially1 n individually1 necess>y "u av]age1 n special1 conditions = ! production or reproduction ( commodities4 #ai4 ,:at det]m9es ! value ( labor p[]8 ,ans43 ,x is det]m9$ precisely l ! value ( e o!r commodity1 i4 e41 by ! am\nt ( labor "t socially necess>y = its production or reproduction by ! rais+ & support ( *ildr5 to succe$ _! p>5ts z wage-e>n+ slaves4 #bj4 ,s9ce labor p[] is a commodity1 :at condition is x subject to8 ,ans43 ,x is subject to ! same conditions t all o!r commodities are subject to )\t reg>d to ! fact t x is ! s\rce ( all social value4 ,! work] 9 :om ! commodity labor p[] is embodi$1 does n get ! value ( ! product ( 8 labor1 b only ab\t "o-fif? ( x1 en\gh to keep him 9 work+ ord] & reproduce m labor p[] 9 8 *ildr54 ,if ! work] receiv$ ! value ( ! product ( 8 labor he w\ld receive mu* m ?an en\gh to keep him 9 work+ ord] & to raise 8 family4 ,su* an economic condition w\ld aboli% all =ms ( surplus value or pr(it1 also ! wage sy/em1 by sub/itut+ economic & social organization 9 ! int]e/ ( ! work+ class4 ,no o!r class c\ld rema9 9 exi/5ce & ! class /ruggle w\ld be end$4 #ba4 ,9 :at economic sy/em1 pa/ or pres5t1 does surplus value appe>8 ,ans43 ,x is ! root ( all social sy/ems s9ce ! rise ( ! in/itution ( private prop]ty1 b only "u ! pres5t sy/em 7capitalism7 has labor p[] assum$ ! commodity =m4 ,labor p[] is a commodity ) a two fold "*3 x has a use & an ex*ange value4 ,its use value consi/s 9 its be+ capable ( produc+ values ov] & above its own ne$s = su/5ance & reproduction4 ,its ex*ange value consi/s 9 ! am\nt ( socially necess>y labor "t requir$ = its production & reproduction4 ,! *attel & feudal sy/ems ( slav]y 7 n directly conc]n$ ) ! production ( commodities = ! pr(it ( ! ma/]s1 b r ) ! produc+ ( ! necessities ( life = all1 ma/]s & slaves1 & ! luxuries = "s1 ! ma/]s4 ,t :i* 0 n produc$ = imm$iate consumption 0 sold1 if opportunities pres5t$ !mselves1 & occasionally ! pr(essional trad]s develop$1 = example1 ! ,pho5icians2 b !y 7 an exception to ! rule4 ,! same holds good = feudalism1 except t dur+ ! latt] /ages ( t sy/em comm]cialism arose2 b ?is comm]cialism 0 no feature ( feudalism--x 0 ! ris+ capitalism t began to unfold & ass]t itself4 #bb4 ,"n ! ?ree great sy/ems ( economic organization ^u :i* ! /ructure ( pa/ hi/ory & social in/itutions h _! basis4 ,ans43 7#a7 ,*attel slav]y1 7#b7 s]fdom1 or feudal slav]y & 7#c7 wage slav]y4 #bc4 ,expla91 briefly1 h[ ! subject class 0 exploit$ "u ea* ( ^! economic sy/ems4 ,ans43 #a4 ,"u *attel slav]y ! labor] 0 a *attel 7possession or prop]ty7 ! same z a mule or horse1 & only receiv$ 8 keep1 t is1 en\gh food1 clo?+ & %elt] to keep him 9 work+ ord] & to reproduce labor p[] by rais+ *ildr54 ,all he produc$ 7use values & *ildr57 0 tak5 by 8 ma/]4 ,! body ( ! slave 0 ! prop]ty ( 8 ma/]4 #b4 ,"u s]fdom or feudal slav]y1 ! work] produc$ :at 0 necess>y to keep him 9 work+ ord] & to raise a family ( slaves1 & !n ! balance ( 8 "t produc$ use values = 8 feudal "l4 ,! body ( ! slave 0 8 own1 ?\gh he c\ld n g ab\t ) x f "o place to ano!r2 = x 0 b\nd to ! l& ( 8 ma/]4 #c4 ,"u ! wage slav]y1 ! work] receives wages :i* aga9 equals only ! am\nt necess>y to keep him 9 work+ ord] & to reproduce m labor p[] 9 8 *ildr54 ,8 entire product belongs to ! capitali/1 & out ( ?is res\rce he pays ! wages = ! commodity labor1 also = o!r commodities su* z raw mat]ials1 & appropriates all ( ! balance & conv]ts x into capital ) :i* he n only cont9ues b increases ! exploitation ( 8 work]s4 ,! body ( ! capitali/'s slave is inde$ 8 own z "u ! feudal sy/em b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t if he does n l 8 ma/]1 or he is dislik$ by him1 he c or mu/ g abroad ) x f "o place to ano!r look+ = a job--a lib]ty or necessity :i* is to ! advantage ( ! own+ class & ! disadvantage ( ! work+ class4 ,unemploym5t is necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( capitalism1 b ?is necessity is a dang] to ! sy/em & w ultimately de/roy x 9 all c\ntries z x has 9 ,russia4 #bd4 ,def9e ! ,class ,/ruggle4 ,ans43 ,x is ! direct cla% betwe5 two ho/ile class int]e/s :]e9 ! employ+ class makes e ef=t to appropriate m ( ! weal? produc$ by ! work+ class1 & ! work+ class ev] /ruggles to reta9 m ( ! weal? :i* x produces4 ,! capitali/ class /rives to get m surplus value & ! work+ class /rives to get m wages4 ,! class consci\sness ( ^? :o live by work+ has f\nd "o ( its be/ expressions 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs3 ,! _w /&s ^u ! ?re%old ( a new social ord]4 ,! capitali/ sy/em ( production & di/ribution is doom$2 capitali/ appropriation ( labor's product =ces ! bulk ( mank9d into wage slav]y1 ?r[s society into ! convulsions ( ! class /ruggle1 & mom5t>ily ?reat5s to engulf humanity 9 *aos & disa/]4 ,s9ce ! adv5t ( civilization human society has be5 divid$ into classes4 ,ea* new =m ( society has come into be+ ) a def9ite purpose to fulfill 9 ! progress ( ! human race4 ,ea* has be5 born1 has gr[n1 develop$1 prosp]$1 become old1 outworn1 &1 has f9ally be5 ov]?r[n4 ,ea* society has develop$ )9 itself ! g]ms ( its own de/ruction z well z ! g]ms :i* w5t to make up ! society ( ! future4 ,! capitali/ sy/em rose dur+ ! sev5te5?1 eighte5? & n9ete5? c5turies by ! ov]?r[ ( feudalism4 ,its great & all-important mission 9 ! developm5t ( man 0 to improve1 develop1 & conc5trate ! means ( production & di/ribution1 ?us creat+ a sy/em ( co-op]ative production4 ,?is "w 0 complet$ 9 advanc$ capitali/ c\ntries ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! #bj? c5tury4 ,t mom5t capitalism _h fulfill$ its hi/oric mission1 & f t mom5t ! capitali/ class became a class ( p>asites4 ,9 ! c\rse ( human progress mank9d has pass$ 7?r\gh class rule1 private prop]ty1 & individualism 9 production & ex*ange7 f ! en=c$ & inevitable want1 mis]y1 pov]ty1 & ignorance ( savag]y & b>b>ism to ! afflu5ce & high productive capacity ( civilization4 ,= all practical purposes1 co-op]ative production has n[ sup]s$$ individual production4 ,capitalism no long] promotes ! greate/ good ( ! greate/ numb]1 ,x no long] spells progress1 b reaction4 ,private production c>ries ) x private own]%ip ( ! products4 ,production is c>ri$ on1 n to supply ! ne$s ( humanity1 b = ! pr(it ( ! individual own]1 ! company1 or ! tru/4 ,! work]1 n receiv+ ! full product ( 8 labor1 c n buy back all he produces4 ,! capitali/ wa/es "p 9 riot\s liv+2 ! re/ mu/ f9d a =eign m>ket4 ,by ! op5+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury ! capitali/ _w--,engl&1 ,am]ica1 ,g]many1 ,france1 ,japan1 ,*9a1 etc4--0 produc+ at a mad rate = ! _w m>ket4 ,a capitali/ deadlock ( m>kets br\ght on 9 #aiad ! capitali/ collapse popul>ly kn[n z ! ,_w ,w>4 ,! capitali/ _w c n extricate itself out ( ! debris4 ,am]ica today is *ok+ "u ! weight ( h] own gold & products4 ,?is situation has br\ght on ! pres5t /age ( human mis]y--/>vation1 want1 cold1 disease1 pe/il5ce1 & w>4 ,?is /ate is br\ght ab\t 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty1 :5 ! e>? c be made to yield a hundr$fold1 :5 ! ma*9]y ( production is made to multiply human en]gy & +5uity by ! hundr$s4 ,! pres5t /ate ( mis]y exi/s solely because ! mode ( production rebels aga9/ ! mode ( ex*ange4 ,private prop]ty 9 ! means ( life has become a social crime4 ,! l& 0 made by no man2 ! mod]n ma*9es are ! result ( ! comb9$ +5uity ( ! human race f "t immemorial2 ! l& c be made to yield & ! ma*9es c be set 9 motion only by ! collective ef=t ( ! work]s4 ,progress dem&s ! collective own]%ip ( ! l& on & ! tools ) :i* to produce ! necessities ( life4 ,! own] ( ! means ( life today p>takes ( ! nature ( a highwayman2 he /&s ) 8 gun be=e society's temple2 x dep5ds ^u him :e!r ! million mass may "w1 e>n1 eat1 & live4 ,! capitali/ sy/em ( production & ex*ange mu/ be supplant$ if progress is to cont9ue4 ,9 place ( ! capitali/ sy/em we mu/ sub/itute a sy/em ( social own]%ip ( ! means ( production1 indu/rially adm9i/]$ by ! work]s1 :o assume control & direction z well z op]ation ( _! indu/rial affairs4 #be4 ,def9e class consci\sness4 ,ans43 ,class consci\sness ( ! work]s means t !y are consci\s ( ! fact t !y1 z a class1 h int]e/s :i* are 9 direct conflict ) ! int]e/s ( ! capitali/ class4 #bf4 ,:at function does ! /ate p]=m 9 ! class /ruggle8 ,ans43 ,! /ate is a class in/rum5t1 & is ! public p[] ( co]cion creat$ & ma9ta9$ 9 human societies by _! division into classes1 a p[] :i*1 be+ clo!d ) =ce1 makes laws4 ,x is1 !re=e1 us$ by ! dom9ant class to keep ! subject work+ class 9 subjection 9 accordance ) ! int]e/s ( ! rul+ & own+ class4 ,x is also us$ to prev5t ! work]s f alt]+ ! economic /ructure ( society 9 ! int]e/s ( ! work+ class4 ,z ! au?or ( ! cate*ism1 ( :i* ^! tw5ty-six que/ions & answ]s con/itute a small "p1 says3 ,society is a gr[? subject to ! laws ( evolution4 ,:5 evolution rea*es a c]ta9 po9t1 revolution becomes necess>y 9 ord] to break ! bonds ( ! old & br+ 9 ! new4 ,z ! *ick5 gr[s ?r\gh evolution until x rea*es ! po9t :]e x mu/ break its %ell 7! revolution7 9 ord] to cont9ue its gr[?1 s d classes ( p come to ! po9t 9 _! evolution :]e revolution is necess>y 9 ord] to cont9ue _! gr[?1 br+ 9 ! new society & consummate ! next /ep 9 civilization4 ,s9ce #aiac1 :5 ! =ego+ cate*ism 0 publi%$1 we h _h ! w> to end w> & to make ! _w safe = democracy--a fateful & m\rnful w> 9 :i* millions ( lives 7 lo/ & o!r millions wreck$ ) ! result ( multiply+ w>s & increas+ imp]ialism4 ,x 0 a w> betwe5 national gr\ps ( capitali/s ) conflict+ int]e/s = comm]cial advantages1 :i* is unexpect$ly issu+ 9 ?ree great crises3 7#a7 ! imm95t bankruptcy ( capitalism2 7#b7 ! communi/ revolution 9 ,russia1 & 7#c7 ! imm95t tak+ ov] ( ! _w by ! revolution>y prolet>iat4 ,hi!rto1 ! sons & daught]s ( capitalism h own$ ! e>? ) all t !reon & !re9 is4 ,h5ce=?1 ! sons & daught]s ( ! useful work]s %all be ! own]s4 ,! future belongs to ! work]s1 b n until !y organize !mselves into "o big revolution>y union4 ,:at ideas & aims are involv$ 9 ! fai? & endeavor ( ,revolution>y ,unionism w appe> f ?is passage 9 ,comrade ,philip ,kur9sky's ,indu/rial ,unionism & ,revolution1 a brilliant pamphlet1 publi%$ by ,! ,union ,press1 ,box #bje1 ,madison ,squ>e1 ,new ,york ,city3 ,slav]y is n aboli%$4 ,x is m]ely a *ange 9 ! /ruggle :i* ?r[s itself hi!r & ?i!r l ! waves ( ! seas4 ,9 anci5t times *attel slav]y exi/$4 ,feudalism !n took its place4 ,feudalism 9 its turn 0 ov]?r[n by capitalism :i* at pres5t reigns supreme4 ,z ! immortal ,tol/oy expla9$1 ',! abolition ( ! old slav]y is simil> to t :i* ,t>t>s did to _! captives4 ,aft] !y _h cut up _! heels !y plac$ /ones & s& 9 ! w\nds & !n took ! *a9s (f4 ,! ,t>t>s 7 sure t :5 ! feet ( _! prison]s 7 swoll51 t !y c\ld n run away & w\ld h to "w ev5 )\t *a9s4 ,su* is ! slav]y ( wages'4 ,( ?is slav]y does revolution>y unionism speak 9 ! "n ( ! revolution>y work]4 ,x analyzes ! pres5t society & %[s t x is divid$ into two economic classes4 ,"o class1 ! capitali/ class1 is ! ma/] class :i* controls all ! factories1 mills1 m9es1 railroads1 l&s & fields & all ! f9i%$ & raw mat]ials4 ,?is class possesses all ! natural ri*es ( ! _w & ?is economic supremacy gives x control ( ! /ate1 ( ! *ur*1 & ( all educational in/itutions4 ,9 %ort1 ?is class owns ev]y?+ & controls ! :ole social & political life ( ea* c\ntry4 ,! o!r class1 ! work+ class1 owns no?+4 ,x produces all & enjoys little4 ,x uses ! ma*9es & tools b does n possess !m1 & is !re=e =c$ to sell its only possession1 its labor p[]1 to ! ma/] class4 ,& ! latt] uses ! opportunity to buy t wond]ful p[] l any raw mat]ial or "s o!r commodity 7"s ( ! repres5tatives ( craft unionism wi% to d5y ?is b unsuccessfully74 ,= ! commodity :i* ! work] is compell$ to sell 9 ord] t he might live1 he receives a wage :i* is det]m9$ z is ! price ( e o!r commodity4 ,! price is always small] ?an ! value ( ! product :i* ! work] produces = ! capitali/4 ,betwe5 ^! two classes !re mu/1 naturally1 exi/ a trem5d\s /ruggle :i* (t5 has ! "* ( actual w>4 ,no "o urges ! work]s to ?is w>--n ! t]rible ,i4 ,w4 ,w4's nor ! political sociali/1 nei!r ! ,bol%eviks nor ! ,an>*i/s1 b ! w> naturally & inevitably arises f exi/+ conditions4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! capitali/s are cont9ually *as+ aft] high] pr(its :i* results 9 ! employm5t ( *eap labor "u ! wor/ conditions4 ,naturally ! ideal ( ! capitali/ class is to keep ! work]s 9 a condition ( slav]y4 ,if ! work]s attempt to revolt1 z !y d daily1 _! ma/]s try to suppress ! revolt ) all ! p[] at _! comm&4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! work]s /ruggle ) all _! p[] to light5 _! burd5s4 ,!y /rive to get bett] conditions1 high] wages & %ort] h\rs1 & 9 g5]al ! ideal ( ! work+ class is to ?r[ (f ! yoke ( capitalism4 ,no "o rightfully c say t ?is /ruggle is m]ely a !ory4 ,we c see ?is /ruggle 9 ! attempts ( ! capitali/ class to de/roy ! victori\s ,russian ,prolet>iat4 ,x is mirror$ be=e our eyes 9 ! cont9ual /rikes4 ,no?+ c /op ?is /ruggle except ! abolition ( exploitation4 ,no matt] h[ h>d ! ,citiz5s' ,committees1 ,bo>ds ( ,arbitration1 ( ,conciliation & ( ,m$iation1 ) _! s-call$ imp>tial memb]s try to conv9ce ! _w t x is possible to br+ ! w>r+ classes into clos] relations1 _! attempts are doom$ to failure4 ,at be/ _! success is only tempor>y & _! ef=ts succe$ only 9 bl9d+ ! eyes ( ! work+ masses4 ,& if at "s "t ^! bo>ds claim a victory1 ! cr$it is n due to !m1 b to ! =ce ex]t$ by ! work]s4 ,x is ! /rike-weapon1 held 9 res]ve by ! toil]s1 t br+s victory to ! work]s--n ! ef=ts ( ! philan?ropic g5tlem54 ,fur!rmore ! ef=ts ( ^! g5tlem5 greatly h>m ! work]s1 = at times :5 ! work]s c atta9 success ?r\gh ! use ( ! /rike1 ^! philan?ropi/s int]f]e1 & dead5 ! initiative & aggressiv5ess ( ! /rik]s4 ,(t5 ?is causes /rife betwe5 ! /rik]s !mselves4 ,!y lose confid5ce 9 "o ano!r1 & ! exi/5ce ( ! organizations :i* ! work]s succe$$ 9 build+ up ?r\gh _! ef=ts & sacrifices are jeop>diz$4 ,! ,conciliation1 h[ev]1 c br+ no conciliation betwe5 ! employ]s & work]s1 because t is unnatural4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! hatr$ ( "o side to ! o!r is int5sifi$ & w> breaks out (t5] & assumes a m bitt] & m ob/9ate "*4 ,?us view+ ! two /ruggl+ classes ( capitali/ society1 revolution>y indu/rial unionism comes to ! logical conclusion t betwe5 capital & labor !re exi/s no?+ 9 common1 t ! /ruggle mu/ g on & peace c come only :5 economic oppression w cease1 :i* is possible only :5 ! program ( revolution>y unionism w be realiz$2 namely1 :5 ! work]s w take ov] ! means ( production & aboli% ! sy/em ( private own]%ip4 ,! autocratic control ( indu/ry1 ! unequal division ( products w !n disappe> & society w be built on a sociali/ f\ndation1 :]e ! indu/ries w be own$ & op]at$ by ! work]s1 organiz$ 9 a truly democratic mann]1 & :]e ! individual w receive ! full product ( 8 labor4 ,^! are ! pr9ciples ( revolution>y unionism1 ! pr9ciples ( ! int]national prolet>iat4 ,!y are ! true expressions ( ! class /ruggle & because ( t1 revolution>y unionism attracts m & m foll[]s ^: ideal is to develop )9 ! work+ masses a consci\sness ( _! hi/oric mission4 ,9 ! words ( an eloqu5t repres5tative ( ! organiz$ work]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,i exhort ! work+ m5 & work+ wom5 ( ,am]ica3 ,keep y\r eyes on ,russia4 ,wat* :at is go+ on !re & :at ! capitali/ plund]bund w try to d4 ,d n be misl$ by ! lies & sl&]s t are daily di%$ up to y4 ,be> 9 m9d t ^? :o tell y ^! y>ns h an int]e/ to mislead y4 ,!y want to use y z a makeweight 9 _! game ( wre/+ f ! ,russian work]s _! de>ly-won lib]ty4 ,x is ( no use to enum]ate ! lies t h already be5 punctur$ because !y w inv5t new ones fa/] ?an "o c write & pr9t4 ,let y\r reason guide y4 ,?9k y\rselves into ! %oes ( y\r ,russian fell[ work]s4 ,?9k h[ y w\ld act if plac$ 9 ! same position & !n draw ! conclusion t !y act ab\t ! same way t y w\ld1 because !y are l y mov$ by ! same emotions1 ! same desires1 ! same aspirations4 ,y1 too1 w\ld l to keep = y\rselves ! fruits ( y\r toil1 if y only knew h[ to g ab\t x1 if y _h ! organization t w\ld make x possible4 ,b z yet y d n "k & y h n t organization4 ,9 politics y /ill vote aga9/ "o ano!r 9 ! ,republican or ,democratic camp4 ,y w h to wait until y d "k & until y d h ! means--! ,indu/rial ,unions ( ! entire work+ class t w be able to take & hold & adm9i/] indu/ry = ! reason t x w h ! might1 ! p[] to d s4 ,& :5 y h express$ ?r\gh ! ballot y\r w = t new society1 :i* w gu>antee to y ! full fruits ( y\r labor1 rememb] ! slogan ( revolution>y ,russia3 ,all p[] to ! ,soviets1 & let y\r slogan !n be3 ,all p[] to ! ,indu/rial ,unions6 ,^! are prophetic words writt5 fifty ye>s ago by ,fr$]ick ,engels3 ,s9ce ! hi/orical appe>ance ( ! capitali/ mode ( production1 ! appropriation by society ( all ! means ( production has (t5 be5 dream$ (1 m or less vaguely1 by individuals1 z well z by sects1 z ! ideal ( ! future4 ,b x c\ld become possible1 c\ld become a hi/orical necessity1 only :5 ! actual conditions = its realization 7 !re4 ,l e o!r social advance1 x becomes practicable1 n by m5 und]/&+ t ! exi/5ce ( classes is 9 contradiction to ju/ice1 equality1 etc41 n by ! m]e will+ness to aboli% ^! classes1 b by virtue ( c]ta9 new economic conditions4444 ,s long z ! total social labor only yields a produce :i* b slightly exce$s t b>ely necess>y = ! exi/5ce ( all2 s long1 !re=e1 z labor engages all or almo/ all ! "t ( ! great majority ( ! memb]s ( society--s long1 ( necessity1 ?is society is divid$ into classes4444 ,b if1 ^u ?is %[+1 division into classes has a c]ta9 hi/orical ju/ification1 x has ?is only = a giv5 p]iod1 only "u giv5 social conditions4 ,x 0 bas$ on ! insuffici5cy ( production4 ,x w be swept away by ! complete developm5t ( mod]n productive =ces4 ,&1 9 fact1 ! abolition ( classes 9 society presupposes a degree ( hi/orical evolution1 at :i* ! exi/5ce1 n simply ( ?is or t p>ticul> rul+ class1 b ( any rul+ class at all1 has become an obsolete ana*ronism4444 ,) ! seiz+ ( ! means ( production by society1 production ( commodities is done away )1 &1 simultane\sly1 ! ma/]y ( ! product ov] ! produc]4 ,an>*y 9 social production is replac$ by sy/ematic1 def9ite organization4 ,! /ruggle = individual exi/5ce disappe>s4 ,!n = ! fir/ "t man1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 is f9ally m>k$ (f f ! re/ ( ! animal k+dom1 & em]ges f m]e animal conditions into really human ones4444 ,x is ! asc5t ( man f ! k+dom ( necessity to ! k+dom ( fre$om4 ,! capitali/ c\ntries are rul$ ?r\gh banks1 & a bank is necess>ily an in/itution ( ! own+ class4 ,russia is rul$ ?r\gh ,soviets1 & a soviet is necess>ily an in/itution ( ! work+ class4 ,banks & ,soviets are s _m headqu>t]s = big unions4 ,9 capitali/ c\ntries ! banks are su* = ! "o big union ( ! own]s1 & 9 ,russia ! soviets are ?is = ! "o big union ( ! work]s4 ,^! big unions _c co-exi/ & fl\ri% 9 ! same c\ntry4 ,all own]s ev]y:]e see ! necessity = _! "o big union & 9 all capitali/ic c\ntries1 n[h]e m ?an 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !y h ! advantage ( be+ on ! gr\nd floor & inde$ on all ! floors ( all ! sky scrap]s ) _! union :i* is ! mo/ univ]sally inclusive & ! mo/ rel5tlessly effici5t organization on e>?4 ,"s work]s ev]y:]e see ! necessity = _! "o big union1 b n[h]e is x se5 z g5]ally & cle>ly z 9 ,russia1--! only c\ntry 9 :i* ! work]s h held ! gr\nd floor = any consid]able "t aga9/ all com]s4 ,9 all c\ntries a beg9n+ has be5 made by ! work]s 9 lay+ ! f\ndation = _! "o big union1 b 9 only "o c\ntry1 ,russia1 has progress be5 made ) ! sup]/ructure1 & "h z ev]y:]e ! own]s h h9d]$ ! work]s s t !y mu/ def5d !mselves ) _! "r h& :ile !y build ) _! left4 ,nev]!less wond]ful progress is be+ made & :5 ! indu/rial /ructure has be5 complet$1 z x soon mu/ be1 else ! _w is doom$ to de/ruction1 x %all t[] above its capitali/ rival z a m\nta9 ov] a foot hill4 ,aft] all1 ! p[] ( ! own] is money & x is n a real pot5tiality1 = )9 ! social realm !re is 9 reality only "o pot5tiality1 ! p[] ( productivity :i* exclusively belongs to ! work]4 ,9 ! sky !re is no god1 & on e>? !re is no k+ or prie/ l unto ,labor1 ! "l ( gods1 ! tz> ( k+s & ! pope ( prie/s4 ,labor is high above all pot5tialities4 ,! motto1 ,all ,p[] to ! ,work]s1 :i* ! class-consci\s prolet>ians inscribe on _! bann]s1 is n ! expression ( an ideal fiction1 b ! decl>ation ( a practical reality1 ! greate/ among all realities1 t reality 9 :i* ! :ole social realm lives1 moves & has its be+4 ,d[n ) ! "o big union ( ! own]s4 ,long live ! "o big union ( ! work]s4 ,,ii4 ,,god ,,& ,,immortality4 ,we h done ) ! kisses t /+1 ,) ! ?ief's m\? r$ f ! fea/1 ,) ! blood on ! h&s ( ! k+1 ,& ! lie on ! lips ( ! prie/4 --,sw9burne4 ,_m critics cont5d t socialism & sup]naturalism are n1 z ,i repres5t1 incompatibilities2 b !y lose sight ( f\r facts3 7#a7 ?is is a sci5tific age2 7#b7 ,m>xian socialism is "o ( ! sci5ces2 7#c7 ! va/ majority ( m5 ( sci5ce reject all sup]naturalism1 includ+ ( c\rse ! gods & devils ) _! heav5s & hells1 & 7#d7 only 9 ! case ( "o ( ! sci5ces1 psy*ology1 is ?is majority great] ?an 9 ! sci5ce ( sociology4 ,! tru? ( ! la/ two ( ^! repres5tations w be ov]:elm+ly evid5t f ! *>t on ! next page4 ,x & its explanation giv5 9 ! foll[+ quotation is tak5 ) ! k9d cons5t ( ! au?or & also ( ! publi%]s ( a book entitl$ ,god & ,immortality1 by ,pr(essor ,james ,h4 ,leuba1 ! ,psy*ologi/ ( ,bryn ,mawr ,college4 ,?is book is hav+ a great influ5ce & ,i /rongly recomm5d x to all :o ?9k t ,i am wrong 9 ! cont5tion t consci\s1 p]sonal exi/5ce is limit$ to e>?2 t1 !re=e1 we are hav+ all t we %all ev] "k ( heav5 & hell1 "h & n[1 & t :e!r we h m ( heav5 & less ( hell dep5ds altoge!r ^u m5 & wom51 n at all ^u gods & devils4 ,! second edition ( ,pr(essor ,leuba's book is n[ 9 ! press ( ,! ,op5 ,c\rt ,publi%+ ,company1 #abb ,s\? ,mi*igan ,ave41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,"h is ! quotation 9 support ( our cont5tions3 ,illu/ration3 ,*>t ,,xi ,,p>tial ,,summ>y ,,( ,,results ,:at1 !n1 is ! ma9 outcome ( ?is rese>*8 ,*>t ,,xi1 ,p>tial ,summ>y ( ,results1 %[s t 9 e class ( p]sons inve/igat$1 ! numb] ( believ]s 9 ,god is less1 & 9 mo/ classes v mu* less ?an ! numb] ( non-believ]s1 & t ! numb] ( believ]s 9 immortality is some:at l>g] ?an 9 a p]sonal ,god2 t among ! m di/+ui%$1 unbelief is v mu* m frequ5t ?an among ! less di/+ui%$2 & f9ally t n only ! degree ( ability1 b also ! k9d ( k possess$1 is significantly relat$ to ! rejection ( ^! beliefs4 ,! correlation %[n1 )\t exception1 9 e "o ( our gr\ps betwe5 em95ce & disbelief appe>s to me ( mom5t\s significance4 ,9 ?ree ( ^! gr\ps 7biologi/s1 hi/orians1 & psy*ologi/s7 ! numb] ( believ]s among ! m5 ( great] di/9ction is only half1 or less ?an half ! numb] ( believ]s among ! less di/+ui%$ m54 ,i d n see any way to avoid ! conclusion t disbelief 9 a p]sonal ,god & 9 p]sonal immortality is directly proportional to abilities mak+ = success 9 ! sci5ces 9 "q4 ,a /udy ( ! sev]al *>ts ( ?is "w ) reg>d to ! k9d ( k :i* favors disbelief %[s t ! hi/orians & ! physical sci5ti/s provide ! great]2 & ! psy*ologi/s1 ! sociologi/s & ! biologi/s1 ! small] numb] ( believ]s4 ,! explanation ,i h (f]$ is t psy*ologi/s1 sociologi/s1 & biologi/s 9 v l>ge numb]s h come to recognize fix$ ord]l9ess 9 organic & psy*ic life1 & n m]ely 9 inorganic exi/5ce2 :ile frequ5tly physical sci5ti/s h recogniz$ ! pres5ce ( inv>iable law 9 ! inorganic _w only4 ,! belief 9 a p]sonal ,god z def9$ = ! purpose ( our inve/igation is1 !re=e1 less (t5 possible to /ud5ts ( psy*ic & ( organic life ?an to physical sci5ti/s4 ,! place occupi$ by ! hi/orians next to ! physical sci5ti/s w\ld indicate t = ! pres5t ! reign ( law is n s cle>ly reveal$ 9 ! ev5ts ) :i* hi/ory deals z 9 biology1 economics1 & psy*ology4 ,a l>ge numb] ( hi/orians cont9ue to see ! h& ( ,god 9 human affairs4 ,! influ5ce1 de/ructive ( ,*ri/ian beliefs1 attribut$ 9 ?is int]pretation to m intimate k ( organic & psy*ic life1 appe>s incontrov]tibly1 z f> z psy*ic life is conc]n$1 9 ! rem>kable fact t :]eas 9 e o!r gr\p ! numb] ( believ]s 9 immortality is great] ?an t 9 ,god1 among ! psy*ologi/s ! rev]se is true2 ! numb] ( believ]s 9 immortality among ! great] psy*ologi/s s9ks to #h4h p] c5t4 ,"o may affirm x seems t1 9 g5]al1 ! great] ! ability ( ! psy*ologi/1 ! m difficult x becomes = him to believe 9 ! cont9uation ( individual life aft] bodily dea?4 ,)9 ! g5]ation to :i* ,i belong ,d>w9 & ,m>x1 ! greate/ tea*]s t ! _w has _h1 w5t ov] ! top ( entr5*$ ignorance ) ! greate/ books ( ! _w1 wor? inf9itely m to x ?an all its bibles toge!r4 ,d>w9 did ?is 9 #ahei ) 8 ,orig9 ( ,species by ,natural ,selection & ,m>x 9 #ahfg ) 8 ,capital1 a ,critique ( ,political ,economy4 ,d>w9 ) 8 book is driv+ ! ,*ri/ian *ur* out ( its tr5* ( sup]naturalism & uniqueism by %[+ t ! diff]5t k9ds ( vegetable & animal life are n1 accord+ to ! repres5tation ( its bible1 s _m sep>ate creations by a p]sonal1 consci\s div9ity1 b int]relat$ evolutions by an imp]sonal1 unconsci\s nature1 ! high] out ( ! l[]1 & t1 !re=e1 man is s f> f be+ a special creation1 hav+ 8 mo/ vital relation%ips ) a cele/ial div9ity & 8 mo/ glori\s prospects 9 a heav5ly place ) him1 t he is really m or less closely relat$ to e liv+ ?+ on e>?1 & is z hopelessly limit$ to x1 z an elephant1 a tree or ev5 a m\nta94 ,m>x ) 8 book is driv+ ! /ates out ( ! tr5* ( imp]ialism & capitalism4 ,z ,d>w9 is driv+ ! consci\s1 p]sonal gods out ( ! realm ( biology1 plac+ all animal & human life ( body1 m9d & s\l on ess5tially ! same foot+1 s ,m>x is driv+ all su* div9ities out ( ! realm ( sociology1 plac+ all life ( family1 /ate1 *ur*1 lodge1 /ore & %op on ess5tially ! same level4 ,accord+ to ,d>w91 all animal life is :at x is at any "t by reason ( ! ef=t to accommodate ! physical organism to its environm5t4 ,accord+ to ,m>x1 human civilization is :at x is at any "t because ( ! economic sy/em by :i* p fe$1 clo! & h\se !mselves4 ,?is ,d>w9ian-,m>xian int]pretation ( t]re/rial life 9 g5]al1 & ( ! human "p ( x 9 p>ticul>1 is kn[n z mat]ialism4 ,x is ! mat]iali/ic1 naturali/ic1 leveli/ic int]pretation ( hi/ory1 & diff]s fundam5tally f ! spirituali/ic1 sup]naturali/ic1 uniquei/ic int]pretation ( ,*ri/ian prea*]s4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ^! int]pretations is especially /rong 9 ! case ( human hi/ory4 ,on ! "o h& ! ,*ri/ian prea*] says1 man's hi/ory is :at x is because ( ! direct+ provid5ce ( a ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ,son & ,_s1 & because ( ,8 direct+ inspiration ( great lead]s1 su* z ,wa%+ton1 ,lu!r1 ,caes> & ,moses4 ,on ! o!r h& ,d>w9 & ,m>x agree 9 say+ t bo? ! triune god & ! inspir$ lead] are :at !y are1 because society is :at x is2 t1 aga91 ! "* ( society dep5ds ^u ! economic sy/em by :i* x fe$s1 clo!s & h\ses itself1 & t f9ally all su* sy/ems owe _! exi/5ce to ! ma*9]y 9 use = ! production ( ! basic necessities ( life1 ! primal ma*9e be+ ! human h& to :i* all o!r ma*9es are auxili>ies4 ,! mo/ insatiable & univ]sal among all human long+s is = fre$om--fre$om f economic want1 social inequality & imp]iali/ic tyranny1 also fre$om to le>n1 ?9k1 live & tea* tru?s4 ,socialism ( ! ,m>xian type is ! gospel ( fre$om1 because a classless god1 nature1 reveals x 9 ! int]e/ ( a classless _w3 !re=e1 x is true1 & slav]y1 ( :i* !re nev] 0 s mu* be=e on ! e>?1 & n[h]e is !re m ?an 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is utt]ly incompatible ) tru?1 & classless int]e/s4 ,all ! sup]naturali/ic gospels are reveal$ by a class god 7,jesus1 ,jehovah1 ,allah1 ,buddha7 9 ! int]e/ ( ! capitali/ class3 !re=e1 !y are false & fre$om is utt]ly incompatible ) falsehood & class int]e/4 ,ignorance is ! de/roy]-god & capitalism is ! diabolical sc\rge by :i* he afflicts ! wage-e>n] ) _m unnecess>y suff]+s1 especially ! cru%+ ones aris+ f ! great tr9ity ( evils1 w>1 pov]ty & slav]y4 ,k is ! savi\r-god & ,m>xism is 8 div9e gospel ( fre$om f ^! capitali/ic suff]+s4 ,,iii4 ,,my?ical ,,"* ,,( ,,old ,,& ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,p]sonages4 ,:at man ( s5se w agree ) ! /atem5t t ! fir/1 second1 & ?ird days1 9 :i* ! ev5+ is nam$ & ! morn+1 7 )\t sun1 moon & />s8 ,:at man is f\nd su* an idiot z to suppose t ,god plant$ trees 9 ,p>adise l an husb&man8 ,i believe t e man mu/ hold ^! ?+s = images "u :i* a hidd5 s5se is conceal$4--,orig54 ,"o ( ! critics ( ,communism & ,*ri/ianism ^: repres5tations are 9 alignm5t ) sev]al o!rs says3 ,:ile ! ,bi%op speaks 9 ! language ( s*ol>%ip1 he entirely ignores all ! f9d+s ( mod]n s*ol>s on ! lit]ature ( ! ,bible4 ,! failure to %[ m cle>ly t my repres5tations conc]n+ ! unt5abl5ess ( ! basic doctr9es ( ,*ri/ian sup]naturalism are 9 alignm5t ) ! conclusions ( out/&+ au?orities 9 ! newly develop$ sci5ces ( hi/orical & biblical criticisms is inde$ a defect & an attempt w "h be made to remove x by a %ort b fai?ful &1 z ,i ?9k1 conv9c+ summ>y ( :at su* au?orities 9 ^! sci5ces h to say on ! subject4 ,my summ>y is summ>iz$ f a pamphlet by ,*>les ,t4 ,gorham1 publi%$ by ,watts & ,company1 #ag ,johnson's ,c\rt1 ,fleet ,/41 ,e4 ,c4 #d1 ,london1 ,engl&1 :i* is itself an able summ>ization ( ! relevant facts :i* h be5 sci5tifically e/abli%$ z !y are giv5 9 ! greate/ ( all ! ,bible ,diction>ies1 ! ,encyclop$ia ,biblica4 ,x w be se5 t all except "o among my cont5tions conc]n+ ! baselessness ( ! sup]naturalism ( or?odox ,*ri/ians are well su/a9$4 ,?is exception is ! cont5tion t ,jesus is n an hi/orical p]sonage1 b a fictiti\s "o4 ,h[ev] ! great critics are unanim\sly ) me ev5 9 ?is1 = two cru%+ facts are admitt$ by !m3 7#a7 ! ,old ,te/am5t af=ds no sci5tifically e/abli%$ data f :i* a reliable hi/ory ( ! ,jews c be writt51 & 7#b7 ! ,new ,te/am5t has no su* data = a biography ( ,jesus4 ,! illum9at+ summ>y :i* is a l>ge "p ( my answ] to ! criticism "u review foll[s1 & x is z f> z possible 9 ! language ( ,mr4 ,gorham3 ,once ^u a "t !re 0 a sy/em ( ,*ri/ian ,!ology4 ,x 0 a wond]ful ?\gh a highly artificial /ructure1 compos$ ( f9e old cru/$ dogmas :i* no "o c\ld prove1 b v few d>$ to dispute4 ,!re 0 ! magnifi$ man 9 ! sky1 ! ,infallible ,bible1 dictat$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,tr9ity1 ! ,fall1 ! ,atonem5t1 ,pr$e/9ation & ,grace1 ,ju/ification by ,fai?1 a ,*os5 ,p1 a practically omnipot5t ,devil1 myriads ( ,evil ,spirits1 an et]nity ( bliss to be obta9$ = no?+1 & endless torm5t = ^? :o did n avail !mselves ( ! (f]4 ,n[ ! h\se ( c>ds has tumbl$ to pieces1 or r x is sl[ly dissolv+1 z ,%akespe>e says1 l ! baseless fabric ( a vision4 ,! ,biblical *ronology1 hi/ory1 e?ics1 all are alike f\nd to be defective & d\btful4 ,div9e ,revelation has become discr$it$2 a ,human ,record takes its place4 ,:at has br\ght ab\t ?is />tl+ *ange8 ,! answ] is1 ,k4 ,?\ght1 rese>*1 criticism1 h %[n t ! traditional !ories ( ! ,bible c no long] be ma9ta9$4 ,! logic ( facts has confirm$ ! reason+s ( ! indep5d5t ?9k]1 & plac$ ! dogmati/ 9 a dilemma :i* gr[s ev] m acute4 ,! result is n pleasant = ! believ]2 b x is well t ! real /ate ( ?+s %\ld be kn[n1 t ! k]nel ( tru? %\ld be sep>at$ f ! ov]gr[n husk ( tradition4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s a "w has be5 issu$ :i* sums up ! conclusions ( mod]n criticism bett] ?an any o!r book4 ,x is call$ ! ,encyclop$ia ,biblica1 & its f\r volumes t]sely & ably set =? ! new views1 & support !m by a mass ( le>n+ :i* des]ves s]i\s consid]ation4 ,& ! mo/ significant ?+ ab\t x is n m]ely t ! entire doctr9al sy/em ( ,*ri/ianity has und]gone a radical *ange1 b t ?is *ange has l>gely be5 br\ght ab\t by ,*ri/ian s*ol>s !mselves4 ,a rapid glance at ?is /ore-h\se ( ! h]esy ( su* s*ol>s w give ! read] "s idea ( ! ext5t ( ! surr5d] :i* ,*ri/ianity has made to ! =ces ( ,rationalism4 ,x mu/ be premis$ t space w p]mit ( ! conclusions only be+ giv51 )\t ! detail$ evid5ce by :i* !y are support$4 ,let u beg9 ) our suppos$ fir/ p>5ts4 ,is ! /ory ( ,adam & ,eve a true /ory8 ,!re are1 we are told1 decisive reasons :y we _c reg>d x z hi/orical1 & probably ! writ] himself nev] suppos$ he 0 relat+ hi/ory4,k ,! ,creation /ory orig9at$ 9 a /ock ( primitive my?s common to ! ,semitic races1 & pass$ ?r\gh a long p]iod ( developm5t be=e x 0 incorporat$ 9 ! book ( ,g5esis4 ,if1 !n1 x is ! fact1 z ,*ri/ian s*ol>s ass]t1 t ?is /ory ( ! ,creation orig9at$ 9 a pagan my?1 & 0 %ap$ & alt]$ by unkn[n h&s = ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s1 x is no?+ m nor less ?an sup]/ition to hold t x is div9ely true4 ,z = ! ,old ,te/am5t patri>*s1 we n[ le>n t _! v exi/5ce is unc]ta94 ,! tradition conc]n+ ,abraham is1 z x /&s1 inadmissible2 he is n s mu* a hi/orical p]sonage z an ideal type ( "*1 ^: actual exi/5ce is z d\btful z t ( o!r h]oes4 ,all ! /ories ( ! patri>*s are leg5d>y4 ,! :ole book ( ,g5esis1 9 fact1 is n hi/ory at all1 z we und]/& hi/ory4 ,exodus is ano!r composite leg5d :i* has long be5 mi/ak5 = hi/ory4 ,! hi/orical "* ( ,moses has n be5 e/abli%$1 & x is d\btful :e!r ! "n is t ( an individual or t ( a clan4 ,! /ory ( 8 be+ expos$ 9 an ark ( bulru%es is a my? probably d]iv$ f ! simil> & mu* e>li] my? ( ,s>gon4,l ,turn+ to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 we f9d t mod]n critical rese>* only br+s out m cle>ly ?an ev] ! extraord9>y vagu5ess & unc]ta9ty :i* en%r\d e detail ( ! n>rative4 ,f ! article on ,*ronology we le>n t ev]y?+ 9 ! ,gospels is too unc]ta9 to be accept$ z hi/orical fact4 ,!re are num]\s que/ions :i* x is :olly impossible to decide4 ,we d n "k :5 ,jesus 0 born1 or :5 he di$1 or :o 0 8 fa!r1 or :at 0 ! duration ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,z ^! are matt]s on :i* ! ,gospel writ]s purport to give in=mation1 ! fact ( _! failure to d s settles ! "q ( _! compet5cy z hi/orians4 ,! suppos$ sup]natural bir? ( ,jesus has ( late ex]cis$ ! m9ds ( !ologians4 ,x is n surpris+ t "s ( !m %\ld reject ! notion1 = x is "o )\t a %r$ ( evid5ce 9 its favor4 ,sett+ aside ! well-kn[n fact t _m o!r religions assume a simil> orig9 = _! f\nd]s1 we may note ! ,new ,te/am5t acc\nts are 9 su* hopeless conflict ) ea* o!r t reconciliation is impossible4 ,! important subject ( ! ,resurrection is treat$ by ,pr(essor ,p4 ,w4 ,s*mi$el1 ( ,zuri*1 :o tells u t ! ,gospel acc\nts exhibit contradictions ( ! mo/ gl>+ k9d4 ,! article on ! ,gospels by ,dr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,abbott & ,pr(essor ,s*mi$el is cramm$ ) criticism ( a k9d mo/ damag+ to e =m ( ! or?odox fai?4 ,! view hi!rto curr5t1 t ! f\r ,gospels 7 writt5 by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 & appe>$ ?irty or =ty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus1 c1 x is /at$1 no long] be ma9ta9$4 ,! alleg$ eclipse ( ! sun at ! ,crucifixion is impossible4 ,"o ( ! or?odox %ifts respect+ ?is ph5om5on is t x 0 an eclipse ( ! moon6 ,mod]n criticism decides t no confid5ce :atev] c be plac$ 9 ! reliability ( ! ,gospels z hi/orical n>ratives1 or 9 ! *ronology ( ! ev5ts :i* !y relate4 ,x may ev5 seem to ju/ify a d\bt :e!r any cr$ible elem5ts at all are to be f\nd 9 !m4 ,yet x is believ$ t "s su* cr$ible elem5ts d exi/4 ,five passages prove by _! "* t ,jesus 0 a real p]son1 & t we h "s tru/wor?y facts ab\t him4 ,^! passages are3 ,mat!w xii4 #ca1 ,m>k x4 #ag1 ,m>k iii4 #ba1 ,m>k xiii4 #cb1 & ,m>k xv4 #cd1 & ! correspond+ passage 9 ,mat!w xxvii4 #df1 ?\gh ^! la/ two are n f\nd 9 ,luke4 ,f\r o!r passages h a high degree ( probability--viz41 ,m>k viii4 #ab1 ,m>k vi4 #e1 ,m>k viii4 #ad-ba1 & ,mat!w xi4 #e1 ) ! correspond+ passage 9 ,luke vii4 #bb4 ,^! texts1 h[ev]1 disclose no?+ ( a sup]natural "*4 ,!y m]ely prove t 9 ,jesus we h to d ) a completely human be+1 & t ! div9e is to be s\ght 9 him only 9 ! =m 9 :i* x is capable ( be+ f\nd 9 all m54,m ,! f\r ,gospels 7 compil$ f e>li] mat]ials :i* h p]i%$1 & ! dates :5 !y fir/ appe>$ 9 _! pres5t =m are giv5 z foll[s3--,m>k1 c]ta9ly aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem 9 ! ye> #gj2 ,mat!w1 ab\t #aai ,a4 ,d42 ,luke1 betwe5 #ajj & #aaj2 & ,john1 betwe5 #acb & #adj4 ,! "q ( ! g5u95ess ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 is n[ f> f be+ s cle> z 0 once univ]sally suppos$4 ,advanc$ criticism1 ,pr(essor ,van ,man5 tells u 9 8 elaborate article on ,paul1 has le>n$ to recognize t none ( ^! ,epi/les are by him1 n ev5 ! f\r g5]ally reg>d$ z unassailable4 ,!y are n lett]s to individuals1 b books or pamphlets emanat+ f a p>ticul> s*ool4 ,we "k little1 9 reality1 ( ! facts ( ,paul's life1 or ( 8 dea?3 all is unc]ta94 ,! unmi/akable traces ( late orig9 indicate t ! ,epi/les probably did n appe> till ! second c5tury4 ,! /range book ( ,revelation is n ( purely ,*ri/ian orig94 ,criticism has cle>ly %[n t x c no long] be reg>d$ z a lit]>y unit1 b x is an admixture ( ,jewi% ) ,*ri/ian ideas & speculations4 ,anci5t te/imony1 t ( ,papias 9 p>ticul>1 assum$ ! ,presbyt] ,john1 & n ! ,apo/le1 z its au?or or r$actor4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,pet]1 ,james & ,jude are none ( !m held to be ! "w ( ! ,apo/les4 ,!y probably fir/ saw ! light 9 ! second c5tury2 ! second ,epi/le ( ,pet] may ev5 belong to ! latt] half ( t p]iod4 ,all ! above conclusions are summ>iz$1 z ne>ly z may be1 9 ! words ( ! au?ors ( ! respective articles4 ,_! significance is surely enorm\s4 ,"r or wrong1 em95t ,*ri/ian s*ol>s "h proclaim results 9 complete antagonism to ! ideas usually accept$ z =m+ ! true basis ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,!y am\nt1 9 fact1 to a complete & unconditional surr5d] ( ! :ole dogmatic framework :i* has hi!rto be5 held z div9ely reveal$1 & !re=e div9ely true4 ,?omas ,pa9e 0 a ,dei/4 ,z su* he believ$ t nature may be comp>$ ) a clock & ,god ) its mak]4 ,z ! clock mak]1 "u normal conditions1 has b little to d ) 8 h&iwork1 s x has be5 ) ! ,creator & 8 univ]se4 ,! !i/s ( e "n 7,*ri/ian1 ,jew1 ,mohamm$an & ,buddhi/71 n to speak ( o!rs1 believe t ! univ]se1 ) all :i* !re9 is1 lives1 moves & has its be+ z ! result ( ! will+s ( _! respective gods4 ,?\gh ,i h my god1 inde$ two gods1 "o god 9 ! _w ( my physical exi/5ce--a tr9ity3 matt]1 =ce & motion1 & ano!r god 9 ! _w ( my moral exi/5ce--a tr9ity3 fact1 tru? & life1 yet if ! rejection ( bo? deism & !ism is a!ism1 ,i am an a!i/4 ,b assum+ = ! sake ( argum5t t !re is a consci\s p]sonal be+ :o has _h & is hav+ some?+ to d ) mak+ ?+s :at !y are1 ,i set my seal to ?is arraignm5t3 ,( all ! sy/ems ( religion t 7 ev] inv5t$1 !re is none m d]ogatory to ! ,almighty1 m un$ify+ to man1 m repugnant to reason1 & m contradictory 9 itself1 ?an ?is ?+ call$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,too absurd = belief1 too impossible to conv9ce1 & too inconsi/5t = practice1 x r5d]s ! he>t torpid1 or produces only a!i/s & fanatics4 ,z an eng9e ( p[]1 x s]ves ! purpose ( despotism & z a means ( weal?1 ! av>ice ( prie/s2 b = ! good ( mank9d x leads to no?+ "h or h]eaft]4 --,?omas ,pa9e4 ,william ,ra?bone ,greg 9 8 ,cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom says t mu* ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* ,*ri/ian div9es1 9 _! ignorance ( ,jewi% lore1 h insi/$ on receiv+ & int]pret+ lit]ally1 ! in=m$ ,rabbis nev] dream$ ( reg>d+ z any?+ b allegorical4 ,! lit]ali/s !y call$ fools4 ,orig5 & ,augu/9e1 ! two greate/ m5 :i* ,*ri/ianity has produc$1 w\ld agree ) ,greg 9 ?is4 ,we h already quot$ ! motto ( ?is section f ,orig51 & we w n[ quote ?is f ,augu/9e3 ,x v (t5 happ5s t !re is "s "q z to ! e>? or ! sky1 or ! o!r elem5ts ( ?is _w1 respect+ :i* "o :o is n a ,*ri/ian has k d]iv$ f mo/ c]ta9 reason+ or obs]vation1 & x is v disgraceful & mis*iev\s & ( all ?+s to be c>efully avoid$1 t a ,*ri/ian1 speak+ ( su* matt]s z be+ accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures1 %\ld be he>d by an unbeliev] talk+ su* nons5se t ! unbeliev]1 p]ceiv+ him to be z wide f ! m>k z ea/ f we/1 c h>dly re/ra9 himself f laugh+4 ,,footnotes3 ,k ,b if ,adam & ,eve are n hi/orical p]sonages !re is no doctr9e ( sup]naturali/ic ,*ri/ianism re/+ on ! solid gr\nd ( facts & ! :ole ( its imm5se dogmatic /ructure is float+ 9 ! air ( !ories & my?s4--,au?or4 ,l ,x is que/ionable :e!r su* p]sons z ,samson1 ,jonah & ,daniel ev] liv$1 b x is c]ta9 t _! adv5tures are z my?ical z any?+ 9 ,aesop's ,fables4--,au?or4 ,m ,b ^! n9e texts :i* = "s ye>s 7 (t5 triumphantly po9t$ to z ! pill>s ^u :i* securely re/$ ! hi/oricalness ( ,jesus z a man are n[ ly+ 9 ! du/ :]e ! le>n$ & brilliant ,pr(essor ,william ,b5jam9 ,smi? ( ,tulane ,univ]sity put !m by 8 great contribution to ! ,*ri/ological problem 9 a book1 entitl$ ,ecce ,deus 9 :i* he1 z ,i ?9k1 proves conclusively t ! ,jesus ( ! ,new ,te/am5t nev] 0 a real man b always an imag9>y god1 ! ,*ri/ian reca/+ ( ! ,jewi% ,god1 a new ,jehovah4--,au?or4 ,,iv4 ,,w\ld ,,socialism ,,*ange ,,human ,,nature8 ,fe> n ! tyrants %all rule = ev]1 ,or ! prie/s ( ! bloody ,fai?3 ,!y /& on ! br9k ( t mighty riv] ,^: waves !y h ta9t$ ) dea?1 ,x is f$ f ! dep?s ( a ?\s& dells1 ,ar\nd !m x foams & rages & swells1 ,& _! swords & _! scept]s ,i float+ see ,l wrecks 9 ! surge ( et]nity4 --,%elley4 ,my revolt aga9/ ! exi/+ capitali/ sy/em ( economics & ! capitaliz$ political & religi\s sy/ems :i* support x is complete1 & ! end :i* ,i h 9 view 9 ?is booklet is t ( primitive ,*ri/ianism1 z x is taught by ,m>y 9 ! ,magnificat1 ! putt+ d[n ( ! own+ ma/]s ( ! _w & ! exaltation ( ! work+ slaves1 only t ,i d n recomm5d1 z %e did1 t ! ma/]s %\ld be bani%$ to />ve b r t !y %\ld be all[$ to become produc]s & to live !n z su*1 n z robb]s1 z !y n[ live4 ,?is is bol%evism4 ,x is n an>*y1 b a new dictator%ip in/ead ( ! old1 t ( ! prolet>iat 9 place ( ! b\rgeoisie4 ,b ?is dictator%ip 7?\gh necess>y dur+ ! p]iod ( transition f ! capitali/ sy/em1 by :i* commodities are made only = ! pr(it ( a few to an indu/rial sy/em by :i* !y w be made only = use ( ! _m7 is n ! goal ( socialism4 ,its goal is a classless _w--a _w 9 :i* all :o are able to "w %all directly or at lea/ indirectly contribute _! due proportion1 accord+ to _! abilities & opportunities1 t[>ds fe$+1 clo?+1 h\s+ & educat+ x4 ,p]haps ! true/ ?+ 9 ! ,bible relates to ! utt]ly corrupt condition ( civilization1 nor 0 x ev] tru] ?an n[1 & x always mu/ be equally true :ile ! _w is divid$ into ma/] & slave classes "u ! dictator%ip ( ! ma/]s3 ,! :ole head is sick & ! :ole he>t fa9t4 ,f ! sole ( ! foot ev5 unto ! head1 !re is no s\ndness 9 x1 b w\nds & bruises1 & putrify+ sores3 !y h n be5 clos$1 nei!r b\nd up1 nei!r mollifi$ ) o9tm5t4 ,capitalism & ,socialism diff] fundam5tally 9 t ! =m] always has s\ght & always w seek to ex]cise a p]man5t dictator%ip1 :]eas t ( ! latt] is to con/itute ! tempor>y bridge ov] :i* ! _w is to pass f ! economic sy/em "u :i* commodities are competitively made = ! pr(it ( ! few1 to ! economic sy/em "u :i* !y w be co-op]atively made = ! use ( ! _m4 ,x is cont5d$ ) mu* %[ ( reason t ! dictator%ip ( ! prolet>iat w n lead to ! goal1 because human nature be+ :at x is ! slaves w automatically develop into ano!r class ( ma/]s4 ,b ^? :o raise ?is cont5tion proce$ ^u ! assumption t human nature is a con/ant quantity s t x _c be ess5tially *ang$ & t x has made ! economic sy/ems1 :at !y h be54 ,?is is n ! case4 ,human nature1 l animal nature1 is con/antly *ang+ & nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r volunt>ily *anges itself1 b bo? are =c$ to *ange by ! developm5t ( new & ext]nal conditions & by ! necessity ( con=mity to !m4 ,pr(essor ,joseph ,mc,cabe1 n a sociali/1 obs]ves t ^! developm5ts & con=mities 7 s _m revolutions & t ! man :o says1 ! secret ( progress is evolution1 n revolution1 may be talk+ v good social philosophy b he is n talk+ sci5ce1 z he ?9ks4 ,9 e mod]n geological "w y read ( p]iodical revolutions 9 ! /ory ( ! e>?1 & ^! are ! great ages ( progress--&1 ,i ought to add1 ( colossal annihilation ( ! less fit4 ,d>w9 discov]$ t animal nature *ang$ 7= example snake nature *ang$ into bird nature7 because ( *ang$ physical environm5ts & ! necessity ( life to adaptation to !m4 ,m>x discov]$ t human nature *ang$ f :at x 0 dur+ ! p]iod ( *atteldom to :at x 0 dur+ s]fdom & f t to :at x is "u capitalism by reason ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! economic sy/ems ( ^! p]iods by :i* ! _w f$1 clo!d & h\s$ itself & t ^! diff]5ces are 9 turn acc\nt$ = by ! diff]5ces 9 ! ma*9es by :i* ! necessities ( life are produc$4 ,?us ,d>w9 expla9$ ! hi/ory ( animal life )\t ! hypo!sis ( a div9e creator1 & ,m>x expla9$ ! hi/ory ( mank9d )\t ! hypo!sis ei!r ( a div9e rul] or human lead]s4 ,^! ,d>w9ian & ,m>xian explanations con/itute :at is kn[n z ! mat]iali/ic explanation ( hi/ory4 ,m>x repres5t$ t capitalism w\ld end ! class /ruggle & issue 9 a classless _w because its pr(ite]+ sy/em ( production & di/ribution c\ld n be succe$$ by ano!r1 s9ce x divides mank9d into ma/]s :o are ev] gr[+ less num]\s & slaves :o are ev] gr[+ m num]\s1 )\t ! possibility ( ^? :o are half capitali/s & half work]s ris+ out ( _! nondescript condition into a new ma/] class1 z did ! b\rgeoisie "u feudalism4 ,= ^! reasons he cont5d$ ! prolet>ian slaves w\ld become ! grave digg]s = ! b\rgeois ma/]s & s end capitalism ) ! burial ( its repres5tatives4 ,b ) ! complete & su/a9$ triumph ( ! prolet>ian class ! b\rgeois class w rapidly pass away1 z is n[ ! case ) x 9 ,russia1 & a classless _w w be born to live on a co-op]ative in/ead ( a competitive basis1 9 a heav5 in/ead ( a hell4 ,v4 ,,:at ,,w ,,be ,,! ,,=m ,,( ,,! ,,work]s' ,,/ate4 ,hail ,soviet ,russia1 ! fir/ ,communi/ ,republic1 ! l& (1 by & = ! common p4 ,we greet y1 work]s & peasants ( ,russia1 :o by y\r untold sacrifices1 by y\r det]m9ation & devotion1 are trans=m+ ! ,russia ( black reaction1 ( ! dom9ation ( a few1 into a l& ( glori\s promise = all4 ,comrades 9 ,am]ica1 wat* ! bright dawn 9 ! ,ea/2 y h b y\r *a9s to lose1 & a _w to ga96--,! ,work]s' ,c\ncil4 ,9 g5]al outl9e ! =m ( ! work]s' /ate w be t ( ! ,russian ,soviet ,republic1 & :at x is w appe> f ! foll[+ semi-(ficial description1 ! briefe/ & cle>e/ ( any :i* ,i h se54 ,its au?or%ip is unkn[n to me b ,i "k x to be ! "w ( a committee ( :i* ,z9oviev1 "o ( ! direct+ & inspir+ m9ds ( ! prolet>ian movem5t 9 ,russia1 0 a memb]1 & x may be t he is ! au?or4 ,anyh[ x is a rec5tly publi%$1 au?oritative classic conta9+ ! in=mation = :i* a l>ge "p ( ! _w has be5 wait+3 ,we h be=e u ! example ( ! ,russian ,soviet ,republic1 ^: /ructure1 9 view ( ! conflict+ reports pr9t$ 9 o!r c\ntries1 x may be useful to describe briefly "h4 ,! unit ( gov]nm5t is ! local ,soviet1 or ,c\ncil1 ( ,work]s'1 ,r$ ,army1 & ,peasants' ,deputies4 ,! city ,work]s' ,soviet is made up z foll[s3 ,ea* factory elects "o delegate = a c]ta9 numb] ( work]s1 & ea* local union also elects delegates4 ,^! delegates are elect$ accord+ to political p>ties--or1 if ! work]s wi% x1 z individual c&idates4 ,! ,r$ ,army delegates are *os5 by milit>y units4 ,= ! peasants1 ea* village has its local ,soviet1 :i* s5ds delegates to ! ,t[n%ip ,soviet1 :i* 9 turn elects to ! ,c\nty ,soviet1 & ?is to ! ,prov9cial ,soviet4 ,nobody :o employs labor = pr(it c vote4 ,e six mon?s ! ,city & ,prov9cial ,soviets elect delegates to ! ,all-,russian ,congress ( ,soviets1 :i* is ! supreme gov]n+ body ( ! c\ntry4 ,?is ,congress decides ^u ! policies :i* are to gov]n ! c\ntry = six mon?s1 & !n elects a ,c5tral ,executive ,committee ( two hundr$1 :i* is to c>ry out ^! policies4 ,! ,congress also elects ! ,cab9et--,! ,c\ncil ( ,p's ,commiss>s1 :o are heads ( ,gov]nm5t ,dep>tm5ts--or ,p's ,commiss>iats4 ,! ,p's ,commiss>s c be recall$ at any "t by ! ,c5tral ,executive ,committee4 ,! memb]s ( all ,soviets c be recall$ v easily1 & at any "t1 by _! con/itu5ts4 ,^! ,soviets are n only ,legislative bodies1 b also ,executive organs4 ,unlike y\r ,congress1 !y d n make ! laws & leave !m to ! ,presid5t to c>ry out1 b ! memb]s c>ry out ! laws !mselves2 & !re is no ,supreme ,c\rt to say :e!r or n ^! laws are con/itutional4 ,betwe5 ! ,all-,russian ,congresses ( ,soviets ! ,c5tral ,executive ,committee is ! supreme p[] 9 ,russia4 ,x meets at lea/ e two mon?s1 & 9 ! mean:ile1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,p's ,commiss>s directs ! c\ntry1 :ile ! memb]s ( ! ,c5tral ,executive ,committee g to "w 9 ! v>i\s gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts4 ,9 ,russia ! work]s are organiz$ 9 ,indu/rial ,unions all ! work]s 9 ea* indu/ry belong+ to "o ,union4 ,= example1 9 a factory mak+ metal products1 ev5 ! c>p5t]s & pa9t]s are memb]s ( ! ,metal ,work]s' ,union4 ,ea* factory is a local ,union1 & ! ,%op ,committee elect$ by ! work]s is its ,executive ,committee4 ,! ,all-,russian ,c5tral ,executive ,committee ( ! f$]at$ ,unions is elect$ by ! annual ,trade ,union ,conv5tion4 ,a ,scale ,committee elect$ by ! ,conv5tion fixes ! wages ( all categories ( work]s4 ,) v few exceptions1 all important factories 9 ,russia h be5 nationaliz$1 & are n[ ! prop]ty ( all ! work]s 9 common4 ,! bus9ess ( ! ,unions is !re=e no long] to fight ! capitali/s1 b to run indu/ry4 ,h& 9 h& ) ! ,unions works ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor ( ! ,soviet ,gov]nm5t1 ^: *ief is ! ,p's ,commiss> ( ,labor1 elect$ by ! ,soviet ,congress ) ! approval ( ! ,unions4 ,9 *>ge ( ! economic life ( ! c\ntry is ! elect$ ,supreme ,c\ncil ( ,p's ,economy1 divid$ into dep>tm5ts1 su* z1 ,metal ,dep>tm5t1 ,*emical ,dep>tm5t1 etc41 ea* "o head$ by exp]ts & work]s1 appo9t$1 ) ! approval ( ! ,union by ! ,supreme ,c\ncil ( ,p's ,economy4 ,9 ea* factory production is c>ri$ on by a committee consi/+ ( ?ree memb]s3 a repres5tative ( ! ,%op ,committee ( ! ,unions1 a repres5tative ( ! ,c5tral ,executive ( ! ,unions1 & a repres5tative ( ! ,supreme ,c\ncil ( ,p's ,economy4 ,! ,unions are ?us a bran* ( ! gov]nm5t--& ?is gov]nm5t is ! mo/ highly c5traliz$ gov]nm5t t exi/s4 ,x is also ! mo/ democratic gov]nm5t 9 hi/ory4 ,= all ! organs ( gov]nm5t are 9 con/ant t\* ) ! work+ masses1 & con/antly s5sitive to _! w4 ,moreov]1 ! local ,soviets all ov] ,russia h complete autonomy to manage _! own local affairs1 provid$ !y c>ry out ! national policies laid d[n by ! ,soviet ,congress4 ,also1 ! ,soviet ,gov]nm5t repres5ts only ! work]s1 & _c help b act 9 ! work]s' int]e/s4 ,! motto ( ?is section is ! conclusion ( a good article 9 ! fir/ numb] ( "o among ! be/ ( ! p]iodicals devot$ to ! promotion ( ,m>xism1 ,! ,work]s' ,c\ncil1 publi%$ by ! ,int]national ,educational ,company1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,?is article is s %ort & l5ds itself s naturally z a supplem5t to ! =ego+ explanation ( ! new economic sy/em :i* has be5 e/abli%$ & is be+ develop$ 9 ,russia t ,i quote ! re/ z ! conclusion ( ?is section ab\t ,sovietism4 ,communi/ ,russia1 ! ,russia ( ! common p1 m>ks a new epo* 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,x m>ks a basic *ange 9 ! /ructure ( human society4 ,up to ?is "t society liv$ "u ! rule ( ! few1 "u ! rule ( ! class :i* possess$ ! weal? ( ! c\ntry4 ,! me?ods 7 diff]5t at diff]5t p]iods 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 b ! results 7 ! same3 ri*es & p[] = ! few1 a b>e exi/5ce & endless toil = ! _m4 ,! slaves1 ! s]fs1 or ! wage work]s ( today1 :o compose ! masses ( ! p1 h ev] be5 ! hew]s ( wood & ! c>ri]s ( wat]1 ! bea/s ( burd5 on ^: backs sport$ & fatt5$ k+s & nobles1 l&lords & capitali/s4 ,!y :o possess$ weal? _h ! p[]4 ,& !y pass$ laws to protect t p[]1 to make ! possession ( weal? a social in/itution4 ,private prop]ty 0 en?ron$ & e /riv+ ( mank9d 0 subject$ to ! rule ( prop]ty4 ,!nce grew ! exploitation ( man by man = private pr(it1 & all abuses result+ !refrom2 fe> ( loss ( prop]ty1 c>e ( possession1 dread ( ! future1 fe> ( loss ( employm5t1 envy & gre$4 ,human society 0 rul$ by prop]ty grabb]s2 ma/]s1 k+s1 capitali/s1 provid+ toil1 disease1 w> = ! masses ( mank9d4 ,t is ! rule ( capitalism1 & _c be o!rwise4 ,b "u communism1 pr(it is aboli%$1 & ) x ! exploitation ( man by man2 private prop]ty is no long] a factor 9 ! life ( man2 prop]ty becomes univ]sal1 all natural & creat$ weal? belong to society1 to e memb] ( ! community1 z secure a bir? "r z air & sunlight4 ,ev]ybody's measur$ "w provides a common fund ( ?+s to satisfy mat]ial ne$s1 today1 tomorr[ & 9 ye>s to come4 ,!re c be no fe> ( los+ "o's job1 ( see+ "o's *ildr5 />ve1 ( ! poor-h\se 9 old age4 ,z sure z ! sun w rise on ! morr[1 man is secure ( 8 bread1 8 %elt] & clo?+4 ,man is fre$ f animal c>es1 free to develop 8 human qualities1 8 intellig5ce1 8 bra9 & he>t4 ,russia po9ts ! way4 ,russia is n[ "o huge corporation1 e man1 woman & *ild an equal %>ehold]4 ,! /ate is adm9i/]$ z a bus9ess2 ! b5efit ( ! /ockhold]s be+ ! object ( ! corporation4 ,! individual contributes 8 labor1 :atev] x may be3 manual1 m5tal1 arti/ic4 ,?is labor is appli$ to available mat]ials3 ! soil ( ! f>m1 ! natural res\rces1 ! m9es1 & mills & factories4 ,! f9i%$ product is di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! ag5cies ( ! corporation1 9 ! %ape ( food & clo!s & %elt]1 ( education & amusem5t1 ( protection to life & limb1 ( lit]ature & art1 ( inv5tions & improvem5ts3 to e man1 woman & *ild ( ! nation4 ,to be sure ?is ideal ( a human bro!rhood is n yet realiz$ 9 ,russia4 ,no sane p]son w\ld expect s trem5d\s a *ange to be consummat$ 9 ?ree ye>s1 9 ! face ( univ]sal aggression1 intrigues & blockades4 ,x may take t5 ye>s1 p]haps a g5]ation4 ,:at ( x6 ,russia is pa/ ! mo/ difficult p]iod ( transition f ! capitali/ /ate to a communi/ /ate1 :ile o!r capitali/ c\ntries mu/ /ill face ! p]iod ( revolution4 ,!re=e let ,russia lead ! way4 ,let ! ,am]ican work]s realize t ,russia's fight is _! fight1 t ,soviet ,russia's success is ! success ( ! labor+ p ! _w ov]6 ,h y ev] be5 to ,crazy ,l&1,n ,d[n on ! ,looney ,pike8 ,!re are ! que]e/ p !re-- ,y nev] saw ! l6 ,! ones t d ! useful "w ,are poor z poor c be1 ,& ^? :o d no useful "w ,all live 9 luxury4 ,!y raise s mu* 9 ,crazy ,l& ,( food & clo!s & su*1 ,t ^? :o "w don't h en\gh ,because !y raise too mu*4 ,!y're wrong side to 9 ,crazy ,l&1 ,!y're upside d[n ) c>e-- ,!y walk ar\nd ^u _! heads1 ,) feet up 9 ! air4 --,t4 ,,vi4 ,,)drawal ,,( ,,prize ,,(f]4 ,nev] h any?+ to d ) ^? :o pret5d to h deal+s ) ! sup]natural4 ,if y all[ sup]naturalism to get a foo?old 9 y\r c\ntry ! result w be a dreadful calamity4--,confucius4 ,mrs4 ,br[n & ,i h]eby )draw1 = ! pres5t at lea/1 our prize (f]1 & = two reasons3 #a4 ,we are conv9c$ t x is z necess>y to ! welf>e ( ! _w to smite sup]naturalism 9 religion z capitalism 9 politics1 b :ile _m are able & will+ to attack ! octopus ( capitalism1 ?is is true ( only a few 9 ! case ( ! dragon ( sup]naturalism4 ,"s hesitate because !y feel ) "o ( ! critics ( ,communism & ,*ri/ianism t revolution>y =ces are com+ to ! surface 9 ! *ur*es4 ,:]e1 he asks1 %all we classify ! /& ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* aga9/ ! op5 %op8 ,:at %all be said ( ! ,int]*ur* report on ! /eel /rike8 ,:at ( ! attitude ( ! comb9$ commission 9 ,d5v] ( ,ca?olics1 ,prote/ants & ,jews on ! /reet c> /rike8 ,we h no desire to belittle su* ef=ts nor to disc\rage _! promot]s2 b 7?\gh !y may af=d "s local & tempor>y alleviation to ! mis]ies ( f> ! great] "p ( ! _w--mis]ies gr[+ out ( its division into two classes1 a small class ( own+ ma/]s & a l>ge class ( work+ slaves7 we c5t] no hope 9 !m1 because ! :ole hi/ory ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion1 n except+ ! ,*ri/ian1 %[ ^! ef=ts to be only re=matory & tempor>y bubbles :i* soon] or lat] are always prick$ by ! ma/]s ( :at little revolution>y air !y conta91 & s nev] issue 9 any g5]al or p]man5t improvem5t ( ! sad lot ( ! ov]:elm+ majority ( ! slaves4 ,h[ little ! *ur* s]ves ! work+ slaves1 & h[ mu* ! own+ ma/]s1 w appe> f ! foll[+ repres5tations ( ,rog] ,w4 ,babson1 ! well-kn[n f9ancial exp]t & advis]3 ,! value ( our inve/m5ts dep5ds n on ! /r5g? ( our banks1 b r ^u ! /r5g? ( our *ur*es4 ,! und]paid prea*]s ( ! nation are ! m5 ^u :om we really are dep5d+1 r ?an ! well-paid lawy]s1 bank]s & brok]s4 ,! religion ( ! community is really ! bulw>k ( our inve/m5ts4 ,& :5 we consid] t only #ae p] c5t ( ! p hold securities ( any k9d & less ?an #c p] c5t hold en\gh to pay an income tax1 ! importance ( ! *ur*es becomes ev5 m evid5t4 ,= our sakes1 = our *ildr5's sakes1 = ! nation's sake1 let u bus9ess m5 get beh9d ! *ur*es & _! prea*]s4 ,nev] m9d if !y are n p]fect4 ,nev] m9d if _! !ology is out ( date4 ,?is only means t 7 !y effici5t !y w\ld d v mu* m4 ,! safety ( all we h is due to ! *ur*es1 ev5 9 _! pres5t ineffici5t & inactive /ate4 ,by all t we hold de>1 let u f ?is v day give m "t1 money & ?\ght to ! *ur*es1 = ^u ^! ! value ( all we own ultimately dep5ds4 ,:at our critics say ab\t ! rec5t ef=ts ( ! ,am]ican *ur*es be+ 9 ! "r direction is int]e/+ to ,mrs4 ,br[n & me1 b we are mu* m impress$ by ! obs]vation ( a writ] 9 a late issue ( ,soviet ,russia4 ,9 speak+ ( ! baneful influ5ce ( ! ,russian *ur* ?r\gh all ! ages he says3 ,out ( ! %ad[s ( antiquity1 f ! morn+ ( man's cupidity & av>ice1 two s9i/] figures h crawl$ ) crook$ talons ?r\gh hi/ory1 leav+ a trail ( blood & fe> mo/ horrible :i* has n halt$ yet4 ,^! are ! mon>* & ! prie/4 ,! "o is symbolical ( despotic or olig>*ic p[]1 ! o!r typifies ! sordid ignorance & fe>ful sup]/ition ( ! cr$ul\s masses :i* ma9ta9s ! p[] ( ! fir/4 ,high 9 ! /reets ( ,mosc[1 :]e "o may see ! pallid1 long-hair$1 deg5]ate-look+ v5d]s ( holy lies & pi\s impositions %uffle along l spectres f a remot] age1 !re hangs a wov5 /ream] ( sc>let hue ) huge :ite lett]+1 :i* defiantly proclaims t religion is ! opium ( ! p4 ,?\gh _m /ill cross !mselves a score ( times daily on pass+ ! *ur*1 yet nev]!less ! p are rapidly assimilat+ ! k :i* elevates & enlight5s1 & le>n+ to reject t :i* t]rorizes & de=ms ! m9d1 & j s sure z ! la/ fil?y tyrant has be5 plac$ = ev] beyond mis*ief1 s w ! la/ prie/ soon vani% f ! l& once contemptu\sly kn[n z ,holy ,russia4 ,! =ego+ is f a revolution>y sympa?iz] ) soviet ,russia & ! foll[+ is f a reaction>y criticiz] ( x1 b bo? are to ! same effect1 t or?odox ,*ri/ianity is :olly aga9/ ! int]e/ ( ! prolet>iat & entirely = t ( ! b\rgeoisie3 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ics ( ,bol%evism is its pron\nc$ hatr$ ( religion1 & ( ,*ri/ianity mo/ ( all4 ,to ! ,bol%evik1 ,*ri/ianity is n m]ely ! !ory ( a mode ( life diff]5t f 8 own2 x is an enemy to be p]secut$ & wip$ out ( exi/5ce4 ,to und]/& ?is is n difficult4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! ,*ri/ian religion to hold be=e ! believ] an ideal ( a life beyond dea? is diametrically oppos$ to ! ideal ( ,bol%evism1 :i* tempts ! masses by promis+ ! imm$iate realization ( ! e>?ly p>adise4 ,f t po9t ( view ,*ri/ianity is n only a false conception ( life2 x is an ob/acle to ! realization ( ! ,communi/ ideal4 ,x deta*es s\ls f ! objects ( s5se & div]ts !m f ! /ruggle to get ! good ?+s ( ?is life4 ,accord+ to ! ,bol%evi/ =mula1 religion is opium = ! p3 & s]ves z a tool ( capitali/ dom9ation4 ,?is influ5ce ( ! *ur*es1 9 ! long run & on ! :ole has be5 & w cont9ue to be ! same ?r\gh\t *ri/5dom ev]y:]e & ev]y:51 n except+ ^! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,nor is x to any conv9c+ purpose t ! repres5tatives ( ! own+ class cont5d t k+s & prie/s h lo/ _! supremacy to presid5ts & prea*]s1 = x is imp]ialism 9 politics :i* en?ralls & sup]naturalism 9 religion :i* degrades4 ,! _w is greatly afflict$ ) bo?1 none ( x mu*1 if any1 m ?an our c\ntry4 ,x seems to u t we see two fundam5tally important facts m cle>ly ?an our critics see !m3 7#a7 ! fir/ /ep 9 ! way ( salvation = ! prolet>iat is class consci\sness1 & 7#b7 ! ,*ri/ian int]pretation ( sup]naturali/ic religion has be51 & until x is discr$it$ w cont9ue to be ! mo/ effici5t among ! _m prev5tives to ?is consci\sness4 ,let me %[ ?is to be ! case by an exp]i5ce :i* ,i _h "s ye>s ago :5 ,mr4 ,pi]pont ,morgan1 ,s5ior1 0 at ! height ( 8 glory1 z ! k+ ( ! great realm ( big bus9ess1 receiv+ homage on ! "o h& f ! ,rockefell]s & ,ro?s*ilds1 & on ! o!r h& f ! ,blockheads & ,h5ry ,dubbs ( all ! _w4 ,at t "t ,i made a confirmation visitation = my sick episcopal bro!r1 ! ,bi%op ( ,new ,york1 to :at 0 popul>ly kn[n z ,pi]pont ,morgan's *ur* 7,/4 ,george's1 "o ( ! d[nt[n *ur*es = work+ p47 ,he 0 ! s5ior w>d5 ( ?is great p>i% hav+ ne>ly #e1jjj communicants4 ,he w5t ) ! collect+ procession out ?r\gh ! great congregation & back to ! *ancel :]e ea* collector c]emoni\sly empti$ ! cont5ts ( 8 basket into ! great gold alms bas9 held by ! ,rector4 ,:ile ! fam\s f9anci] 0 collect+ contributions f obscure toil]s1 h[ c\ld any1 br\ght up z ,i 0 & z ne>ly all ( ! great congregation 71 see t capitalism has divid$ humanity into two conflict+ classes :i* h no?+ 9 common1 ! work+ class & ! employ+ class1 betwe5 :i* a /ruggle mu/ g on until ! work]s organize1 take possession ( ! e>? & ! ma*9]y ( production & aboli% ! wage sy/em6 ,by ! light ( :at ,i _h be5 taught all along & ( :at ,i 0 !n see+ ) my own eyes f ! bi%op's *air su* a repres5tation w\ld h seem$ prepo/]\s & :at 0 true ( me 0 equally s ( all pres5t1 rector1 w>d5s1 ve/rym51 memb]s & visitors4 ,!re 7 n _m ,i4 ,w4 ,w4's4 9 ^? days1 b if "o _h be5 !re & ^u leav+ ! *ur* _h made a repres5tation to ?is effect to a fell[-work] :o 0 a memb] ( ,/4 ,george's w\ld n ! reply h be5 some?+ z foll[s3 ,see :at ,pi]pont ,morgan & ,i h 9 common3 ! same ,god2 ! same religion2 ! same *ur*2 ! same s]vices = wor%ip2 ! same collection basket 9 :i* he puts a #ajj4jj bill & ,i a t5 c5t piece2 ! same ,"l's ,supp] :]e we eat & dr9k toge!r2 &1 besides all ?is1 !re is ! same hell :]e he w g unless he gives me a fair day's wage & :]e ,i w g unless ,i d a fair day's "w1 & ! same heav5 :]e bo? w g to equally glori\s mansions1 if we are alike #ajj p]c5t]s 9 *ur* & /ate1 & if he pays me lib]ally = my "w & ,i slave h>d en\gh = 8 money4 ,assum+ ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian int]pretation ( religion ?is conclusion is correct4 ,b ?is ,*ri/ian religion is n true4 ,*ri/ianism (f]s no?+ to ei!r ! own]s or work]s 9 ! sky = its god & heav51 devil & hell are lies4 ,& nei!r religi\s ,*ri/ianism nor political ,republicanism or ,democracy1 n to speak ( ! o!r isms ( religion & politics1 (f]s ! work]s aught on e>?4 ,capitalism is ! god ( ?is _w1 ( no "p ( x m ?an ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & capitalism is to ! labor] a robb+1 ly+1 murd]\s devil1 n a good div9ity4 #b4 ,! recall ( ! prize (f] is also occasion$ & ju/ifi$1 we ?9k1 by a dem&1 :i* 0 z unexpect$ z x is gratify+1 = our little propag&i/ 9 =eign c\ntries1 & we h be5 p]suad$ t x %\ld be met by secur+ to him ! gift ( tongues4 ,we propose to d ?is by devot+ ! money :i* 0 set aside = ! prizes to ! enc\ragem5t ( mak+ & publi%+ translations4 ,,footnotes3 ,n ,! capitali/ c\ntries ( ! _w con/itute ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,crazy ,l&s4 ,,vii4 ,,aft]word4 ,s _m ,gods1 s _m ,cre$s1 ,s _m ways t w9d & w9d1 ,:5 all ?is sad _w really ne$s ,is j ! art ( be+ k9d4 --,ella ,:eel] ,wilcox4 ,i4 ,my title1 giv5 9 ,lat9 on ! picture page1 is be/[$ ^u me by "s 9 je/ & by o!rs 9 reproa*1 & ,i am accept+ x f bo? z complim5ts1 because !y prove t ,i h at lea/ succe$$ 9 mak+ cle> ! g5]al outl9es ( my religi\s & political position4 ,! use ( ?is title is due to ! desire t ^? :o pick up ! booklet %\ld n buy x1 mu* less und]take to read x1 "u a mi/ak5 impression z to its doctr9al tr5ds4 ,9 ,engli% ! ,lat9 title is1 ,bi%op ( ! ,c\ntries belong+ to ! ,bol%eviki & ! ,infidels4 ,c]ta9 fri5ds greatly fe> t "s ?+s said 9 ?is booklet may fall f\l ( ! crim9al-syndicalism laws4 ,i h c>efully read ^? ( ,ohio & believe t ! booklet conta9s no?+ :i* is n safely )9 !m4 ,anyh[1 ,i h spok5 ! tru? ab\t sup]naturali/ic religion & capitali/ic politics z ,i und]/& x1 & ,i believe t ,i h adequately support$ all my repres5tations on bases ( relevant facts :i* _c be ga9said or1 at any rate1 ^u s\nd argum5ts :i* h su* facts = _! f\ndations4 ,h[ev]1 ,i am try+ to hold myself op5 to conviction2 &1 ?is be+ ! case1 if ! p[]s t be 9 /ate or *ur* feel t !y mu/ proce$ aga9/ me1 ,i beg t1 9 ju/ice to all ! p]sons & int]e/s conc]n$1 !y w come ) _! res\rces ( p]suasion1 n co]cion4 ,my appeal to ! religi\s & political rul]s to d ?is %all be 9 ! burn+ words ( a celebrat$ def5d] ( ! capitali/ic sy/em ( economics1 ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 words :i* con/itute ! mo/ rem>kable passage 9 8 p[]ful essay on ,lib]ty3 ,no argum5t1 we may suppose1 c n[ be ne$$1 aga9/ p]mitt+ a legislature or an executive1 n id5tifi$ 9 int]e/ ) ! p1 to prescribe op9ions to !m1 & det]m9e :at doctr9es or :at argum5ts !y %all be all[$ to he>4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 x is n1 9 con/itutional c\ntries1 to be appreh5d$1 t ! gov]nm5t1 :e!r completely responsible to ! p or n1 w (t5 attempt to control ! expression ( op9ion1 except :5 9 do+ s x makes itself ! organ ( ! g5]al intol]ance ( ! public4 ,let u suppose1 !re=e1 t ! gov]nm5t is entirely at "o ) ! p1 & nev] ?9ks ( ex]t+ any p[] ( co]cion unless 9 agreem5t ) :at x conceives to be _! voice4 ,b ,i d5y ! "r ( ! p to ex]cise su* co]cion1 ei!r by !mselves or by _! gov]nm5t4 ,! p[] itself is illegitimate4 ,! be/ gov]nm5t has no m title to x ?an ! wor/4 ,x is z noxi\s1 or m noxi\s1 :5 ex]t$ 9 accordance ) public op9ion1 ?an :5 9 opposition to x4 ,if all mank9d m9us "o1 7 ( "o op9ion1 & only "o p]son 7 ( ! contr>y op9ion1 mank9d w\ld be no m ju/ifi$ 9 sil5c+ t "o p]son1 ?an he1 if he _h ! p[]1 w\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 sil5c+ mank9d4 ,7 an op9ion a p]sonal possession ( no value except to ! own]2 if to be ob/ruct$ 9 ! enjoym5t ( x 7 simply a private injury1 x w\ld make "s diff]5ce :e!r ! injury 0 inflict$ on only a few p]sons or on _m4 ,b ! peculi> evil ( sil5c+ ! expression ( an op9ion is1 t x is robb+ ! human race2 po/]ity z well z ! exi/+ g5]ation2 ^? :o diss5t f ! op9ion1 /ill m ?an ^? :o hold x4 ,if ! op9ion is "r1 !y are depriv$ ( ! opportunity ( ex*ang+ error = tru?3 if wrong1 !y lose1 :at is almo/ z great a b5efit1 ! cle>] p]ception & liveli] impression ( tru?1 produc$ by its collision ) error4 ,?is passage %\ld be inscrib$ 9 lett]s ( gold on ! doors ( e *ur* & c\rt h\se 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 writt5 9 condemnation ( ! p]secution by majorities ( m9orities 9 /ates1 b x applies equally to all intol]ance ( diss5ti5t op9ions4 ,x is utt]ly impossible 9 a pr9t$ discussion ( ! l5g? ( ?is booklet to we$ out e ^w capable ( miscon/ruction2 & equally s to furni% a def9ition or limitation to e d\btful ^w or phrase4 ,nev]!less ,i call att5tion to a few3 ,! ^w revolution z us$ "h %\ld n be tak5 z imply+ arm$ insurrection or viol5ce1 unless expressly s describ$4 ,^! are n necess>y features ( revolution4 ,!re h be5 bo? political & indu/rial revolutions entirely unatt5d$ by viol5ce or blood%$2 = example1 ! political revolution ( #aghg :5 ! old ,articles ( ,conf$]ation 7 aboli%$ & ! f$]al ,con/itution impos$ ^u ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 also ! political & indu/rial revolution ( #aiai 9 ,hung>y :5 = a "t a soviet sy/em 0 e/abli%$1 ) ,bela ,kun z premi]4 ,! blood%$ :i* (t5 att5ds revolutions comes almo/ inv>iably f ! lawless c\nt]-revolution>y ef=ts ( ! depos$ rul+ class to ma9ta9 !mselves 9 p[] or rega9 p[] by t]rorism & murd]4 ,:5 ,i eulogize ! ,bol%eviki & _! sy/em 9 ,russia1 ,i am n to be tak5 z advocat+ = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! employm5t ( ! bloody tactics = ga9+ p[]1 :i* ! capitali/ press ( ,am]ica p]si/s 9 describ+--& z ,i believe1 falsely4 ,i deal 9 ?is booklet n ) tactics b ) facts4 ,i conc]n myself "h n ) ! ways by :i* ! ,bol%eviki ( ,russia ga9$ p[]1 b ) :at !y did ) ! p[] aft] ga9+ x4 ,z ,i 0 tra9$ 9 !ology1 ,i am c]ta9 t my religi\s position has be5 s cle>ly outl9$ t no mi/ake z to :]e ,i /& w be made by ! rul]s 9 my *ur*2 b1 hav+ _h no tra9+ 9 ! law1 ,i am less c]ta9 t my political position w be z unmi/akably und]/ood by ! rul]s 9 my /ate4 ,!re=e1 to avoid mis9t]pretation ( c]ta9 words & phrases 9 ?is booklet1 ,i "h expressly disclaim any int5tion ( violat+ ! crim9al-syndicalism /atute ( ,ohio1 foll[+ z closely z may be its phraseology 9 ^! my d5ials ( crim9al int5tion3 ,no?+ h]e9 is to be und]/ood z advocat+ or tea*+ ! duty1 necessity1 or propriety ( crime1 sabotage1 viol5ce or unlawful me?ods ( t]rorism z a means ( accompli%+ indu/rial or political re=m4 ,?is booklet is n issu$ = ! purpose ( advocat+1 advis+1 or tea*+ ! doctr9e t indu/rial or political re=m %\ld be br\ght ab\t by crime1 sabotage1 viol5ce or unlawful me?ods ( t]rorism2 nor ( ju/ify+ ! commission or ! attempt to commit crime1 sabotage1 viol5ce or unlawful me?ods ( t]rorism ) int5t to exemplify1 spread or advocate ! propriety ( ! doctr9es ( crim9al syndicalism2 nor ( organiz+ any society1 gr\p or assemblage ( p]sons =m$ to tea* or advocate ! doctr9es ( crim9al syndicalism4 ,if any su* mean+ %all be read into any passage ( ?is booklet by any read]1 x w be a wrong mean+1 n :at ,i int5d$ to convey4 ,a revolution by :i* a new indu/rial democracy--! fre$om to make ?+s = ! use ( work]s--w supplant ! old capitali/ democracy--! fre$om to make ?+s = ! pr(it ( own]s--is an inevitable ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( e c\ntry )9 ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,,ii4 ,my object 9 ?is booklet is n ! promotion ( class hatr$ & /rife4 ,f> f x4 ,x is to p]suade to ! bani%m5t ( gods f skies & capitali/s f e>?4 ,!ism & capitalism are ! great blights ^u mank9d1 ! fatal ones to :i* x owes1 m ?an to all o!rs toge!r1 ! greate/ & mo/ unnecess>y ( its suff]+1 ^? aris+ f ignorance1 w>1 pov]ty & slav]y4 ,?is recomm5dation z to bani%m5ts & ?is repres5tation 9 support ( x /& out on ne>ly e page ( ! booklet1 & 9 ord] to make sure ( special prom95ce = !m on its la/ pages1 ,i quote ! foll[+ f an article by ,g4 ,o4 ,w>r5 7a major 9 ! ,briti% army1 ,i ?9k7 an occasional contributor ( brilliant articles to rationali/ publications on sociological l9es3 ,if !re be a ,god :o rules m5 & ?+s by ,8 arbitr>y w1 x is an imp]t95ce to attempt to aboli% pov]ty1 because x is accord+ to ,8 w4 ,b if !re be no su* ,god1 !n we "k t pov]ty is caus$ by m5 & may be remov$ by m54 ,if !re be a ,god :o answ]s pray]s1 ! rem$y = social inju/ice is to pray4 ,b if !re be no su* ,god1 ! rem$y is to ?9k & act4 ,if m5 g to heav5 :5 !y die1 & if heav5 is a place 9 :i* ev]ybody w be made p]fectly happy1 !n !re is no ne$ to /ruggle aga9/ pov]ty 9 ?is _w1 because a few ye>s ( tr\ble1 or ev5 degradation1 9 ?is _w are ( no consequ5ce :5 comp>$ ) an et]nity ( happ9ess t mu/ be ours by simply foll[+ ! directions ( ! cl]gy4 ,b if !re be no su* heav51 !n x becomes a matt] ( fir/ importance t we make our condition z happy z possible 9 ?is _w1 :i* is ! only "o ( :i* we are c]ta94 ,i ma9ta9 t !re is no ,god :o rules m5 & ?+s by ,8 arbitr>y w & :o answ]s pray]s1 & t !re is no heav5 ( ev]la/+ bliss to :i* we are to be waft$ aft] dea?4 ,& ,i ma9ta9 ?is n only because ,i ?9k t ^! religi\s beliefs are errone\s1 b because ,i "k t !y are mo/ pot5t to make m5 docile & submissive to ! mo/ degrad+ conditions impos$ on !m4 ,i feel sure t ! doctr9e t ob$i5ce to rul]s & cont5tm5t 9 pov]ty are accord+ to ! w ( ,god1 & ! doctr9e t ! poor & ! oppress$ w be comp5sat$ 9 heav5 are ! *ief causes ( slums1 prisons1 lunatic asylums & poor-h\ses4 ,all political tyranny is back$ up & made possible by belief 9 an arbitr>y ,god1 & all pov]ty is endur$ because ( ! belief t aft] dea? ev]la/+ happ9ess & weal? await u4 ,two conditions are necess>y to human happ9ess3 p]sonal fre$om & g5]al weal?4 ,b we nev] c be free z long z we believe t x is ! w ( an inf9ite heav5ly rul] t we %\ld submit to a f9ite e>?ly rul]1 :e!r he gets ^u ! ?rone by h]$it>y succession or by ! votes ( a majority2 & weal? w nev] be ju/ly1 & !re=e1 g5]ally1 di/ribut$ z long z mo/ ( ! p believe t because !y are poor 9 ?is _w !y w be ri* 9 ! _w to come4 ,! apo/le ,paul says t political rul]s are orda9$ by ,god & mu/ be obey$1 f ! ,k+ to ! con/able1 f ! ,presid5t to ! policeman4 ,he says t if y are refractory1 ! m9i/] ( ,god w use 8 sword1 & w n use x 9 va94 ,he says t ! sword-be>] is ,god's m9i/]4 ,*ri/ himself recites a p>able ab\t a ri* man :o w5t to hell because he 0 ri* & a poor man :o w5t to heav5 because he 0 poor4 ,ri* ,*ri/ians are told by ! cl]gy t ! sure/ way = !m to get to heav5 is by be+ ri*2 b !y use ?is p>able to console ! poor ) ! idea t ! sure/ way = !m to get to heav5 is by be+ poor4 ,& ?is idea is confirm$ by ! say+ ( ,*ri/3 ',bless$ are ! poor1 = !irs is ! k+dom ( heav54' ,i claim t x is impossible to prove t any be+ exi/s :o c d1 or ev] does1 any?+ outside ( ! regul> processes ( ,nature1 & !re=e t ! ^w ,god1 :i* has always meant su* a be+1 %\ld be dropp$4 ,i w\ld h no objection to ! curr5t use ( ! ^w ,god if t use 7 h>mless1 b x is v f> f t4 ,x is a ^w t e despot conjures ) to keep ! p 9 ignorance & subjection4 ,x is a ^w t crafty politicians use 9 c>ry+ out _! s*emes ( brib]y & plund]4 ,! same ?+ applies to ! ^w heav54 ,x is impossible to %[ t !re is any su* place1 & ! ^w is us$ z a bribe to ! poor to keep !m quiet "u inju/ice4 ,i d n see h[ !re c be a life aft] dea?1 b if !re is x w n be any bett] because we are poor & undevelop$ 9 ?is _w1 & !re=e immortality %\ld be a reason r = discont5tm5t among ! poor ?an = submission to inju/ice4 ,z an a!i/1 ,i object to a ,god :o is = e tyrannical rul] & aga9/ ! rebels t he imprisons1 tortures & slays2 :o is = ! idle l&lord & usur] & aga9/ ! work]s2 :o is = ! purse-pr\d prelate & aga9/ ! p2 :o is = ! boodle politician & aga9/ ! happ9ess ( ! _m2 :o is = ! :ite exploit] & aga9/ ! simple color$ man2 :o is = ! ri* pr(ite] & aga9/ ! petty burgl> & pickpocket4 ,if ,i am told !re is no su* ,god z ?is1 ,i reply t !re is1 or !re is none4 ,! ,god ( e ,*ri/ian cre$ is ! ,god ( ! rul]s1 ! ,god ( ! idle ri*4 ,!re nev] has be5 any o!r ,god kn[n to ! _w4 ,?is is ! ,god t ! *ur* n[ wor%ips & always has wor%ip$4 ,!re are =ces 9 ,nature t we d n yet und]/&1 & !re=e %\ld n "n4 ,b !y c only help u z we le>n :at !y are & h[ to use !m4 ,x is !re=e nei!r our duty nor our privilege to pray1 nor c any good be ?us a*iev$4 ,x is = u to obs]ve1 to ?9k1 & to exam9e ! pret5sions ( ! privileg$4 ,x is = u to und]/& t !re is no ,god to raise our wages1 & no heav5 to comp5sate u = our pov]ty & all ! mis]y x entails 9 ?is _w4 ,said ! p>son1 ',be cont5t2 ,pay y\r ti!s due1 pay y\r r5t2 ,!y t e>?ly ?+s despise ,%all h mansions 9 ! skies1 ,?\gh y\r back ) toil be b5t1' ,said ! p>son1 'be cont5t4' ,!n ! p>son fea/+ w5t ,) my "l :o lives by r5t2 ,& ! p>son laugh$ elate ,= my "l has liv+s great1 ,!y t e>?ly ?+s rev]e ,may get bi%op's mansions "h4 ,be cont5t6 ,be cont5t6 ,till y\r dre>y life is sp5t1 ,l[ly live & l[ly die1 ,all = mansions 9 ! sky6 ,ca/les "h are mu* too r>e1 ,all may h !m--9 ! air6 ,,iii4 ,accord+ to ,m>xian socialism1 ! hi/ory ( man arose f ! ne$ ( 8 body = food1 raim5t & %elt]4 ,?is is ! mat]iali/ic explanation ( hi/ory1 & ! foll[+ is "o ( ! passages 9 :i* ,m>x cle>ly %[s t x is true & reasonable3 ,9 ! social production :i* m5 c>ry on !y ent] into def9ite relations t are indisp5sable & indep5d5t ( _! w2 ^! relations ( production correspond to a def9ite /age ( developm5t ( _! mat]ial p[]s ( production4 ,! sum total ( ^! relations ( production con/itutes ! economic /ructure ( society--! real f\ndations1 on :i* rise legal & political sup]/ructures & :i* correspond to def9ite =ms ( social consci\sness4 ,! mode ( production 9 mat]ial life det]m9es ! g5]al "* ( ! social1 political & spiritual processes ( life4 ,x is n ! consci\sness ( m5 t det]m9es _! exi/5ce b1 on ! contr>y1 _! social exi/5ce det]m9es _! consci\sness4 ,at a c]ta9 /age ( _! developm5t1 ! mat]ial =ces ( production 9 society come 9 conflict ) ! exi/+ relations ( production1 or--:at is b a legal expression = ! same ?+--) ! prop]ty relations )9 :i* !y _h be5 at "w be=e4 ,f =ms ( developm5t ( ! =ces ( production ^! relations turn into _! fett]s4 ,!n comes ! p]iod ( social revolution4 ,m>x & 8 foll[]s are ju/ifi$ 9 _! cont5tion t ! physical necessities ( man 7n gods or great m57 con/itute ! key to 8 hi/ory by ! fact t !re 0 no m9d ( man be=e ! human body nor w !re be any m9d :5 ! body has be5 dis9tegrat$2 = ! m9d 0 made by ! body1 = ! body1 n ! body by ! m9d1 = ! m9d4 ,?is v rem>kable fact1 :5 duly consid]$1 w *ange ne>ly all ! ideas ( mo/ m5 & wom5 ab\t almo/ ev]y?+4 ,a lead] is b a m\?piece ( a p ?r\gh :i* !y give expression to _! deepe/ convictions & highe/ aspirations4 ,e>ly 9 my life ,l9coln 0 ! great lead] ( ! p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & late 9 x ,l59 is ! great lead] ( ! p ( ! _w4 ,! e>li] ( ^! 0 at lea/ a rationali/ & ! latt] is an a!i/1 s t ! fir/ probably did n suppose himself to h be5 inspir$ by a div9ity1 & ! second c]ta9ly does n4 ,i claim1 said ,l9coln1 n to h controll$ ev5ts1 b confess pla9ly t ev5ts h controll$ me4 ,9 ,l59's ,bir?day ,anniv]s>y numb] ( ! magaz9e1 ,soviet ,russia1 ! ,editor says3 ,at ! v outset1 we mu/ cle>ly /ate t mu* ( ,l59's p[]ful position 9 pres5t-day hi/ory is made by ! hi/ory itself1--by ! fact t we are liv+ at ! mom5t :5 ! entire life ( ! race is v9dicat+ 9 a mo/ emphatic mann] ! !oretical position occupi$ by ,l59 = _m ye>s4 ,aft] all1 ,l591 l ,trotsky1 0 an unkn[n man1 except to c]ta9 political circles1 & ! mass ( ,russian revolutioni/s1 ev5 z late z #aiaf4 ,& yet1 he 0 ! same ,l592 _h n ! opportunity come to put into practice ! sy/em = :i* he & 8 associates _h be5 labor+ & suff]+ = _m ye>s1 no d\bt ! circle ( 8 admir]s & read]s w\ld n be mu* wid] 9 #aibj ?an x 0 9 #aiaf4 ,l59 w\ld probably be ! fir/ to admit--nay1 insi/--t ! mat]ial circum/ance t enables a c]ta9 individual to ass]t himself is ! prime elem5t 9 build+ 8 reputation4 ,s t1 if ! ,russian ,revolution _h n tak5 ! c\rse x did take1 ,l591 ) exactly ! same m5tal & idealogical prep>ation1 might h rema9$ a relatively unkn[n man4 ,^? :o on ! "o h& int]pret life f ! naturali/ic or mat]iali/ic po9t ( view1 & ^? :o on ! o!r h& int]pret x f ! sup]naturali/ic viewpo9t ne$ n & g5]ally d n diff] z widely z is commonly suppos$4 ,mat]ialism is ! "n = two totally diff]5t ?+s1 :i* are con/antly confus$4 ,!re is1 9 ! fir/ place1 mat]ialism z a !ory ( ! univ]se--! !ory t matt] is ! s\rce & ! sub/ance ( all ?+s4 ,t is 7if y associate =ce or en]gy or motion ) y\r matt]1 z e mat]iali/ does7 a p]fectly arguable !ory4 ,x has n ! remote/ connection ) ! am\nt ( w9e a man dr9ks or ! integrity ( 8 life4 ,b we also give ! "n ( mat]ialism to a c]ta9 disposition ( ! s5tim5ts1 :i* few ( u admire1 & :i* w\ld kill ! root ( progress if x became g5]al4 ,x is ! disposition to despise ideals & high] ?\ght1 to conf9e "o's desires to selfi% & s5sual pleasure & mat]ial advancem5t4 ,!re is no connection betwe5 ?is mat]ialism ( ! he>t & t ( ! head4 ,= :ole c5turies ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory :ole nations believ$ abundantly 9 spirits )\t x hav+ ! lea/ influ5ce on _! morals2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 mat]iali/s l ,ludwig ,bu*n]1 or ,vogt1 or ,moles*ott1 7 ideali/s 79 ! moral s5se7 ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,look ar\nd y & see :e!r ! belief or non-belief 7= ! ,agno/ic is 9 ! same pr$icam5t "h7 9 _s is a divid+-l9e 9 conduct4 ,!re is no gr\nd 9 fact = ! confusion1 & x has wr\ght inf9ite mis*ief4--,mc,cabe4 ,z to _! philosophy conc]n+ ! orig91 su/5ance & gov]nance ( ! univ]se1 communi/s are almo/ to a man mat]iali/s2 b1 z to _! philosophy conc]n+ life1 !y are z g5]ally ideali/s4 ,!re is1 ,i feel sure1 z mu* idealism 9 my ?9k+ & liv+ n[ z !re 0 9 ! days ( my or?odoxy4 ,_m ( ! repres5tations ( ! ,jewi%-,*ri/ian ,bible are mat]iali/ic 9 a high1 if n gross1 degree4 ,?is is true ( ! acc\nt ( ! creation accord+ to :i* ! god1 ,jehovah1 ) h&s m\ld$ a man out ( du/2 p]=m$ a surgical op]ation ^u him = ! purpose ( secur+ a rib out ( :i* he c>v$ a woman2 made a g>d52 & provid$ wor%ip = himself by a sy/em ( mat]ial sacrifices4 ,! ark ( ! cov5ant 0 a wood5 *e/1 & its cont5ts 7a pot1 "s manna1 & ,a>on's rod7 7 mat]ialities4 ,! conception1 bir?1 dea?1 desc5sion1 resurrection1 asc5sion & session ( ! god1 ,jesus1 7 7if !y occurr$7 mat]ial realities4 ,& ! eat+ ( ! fle% & dr9k+ ( ! blood ( ! god s\nds l mat]ialism1 especially accord+ to ! explanation ( ! ,greek1 ,roman1 ,lu!ran & ,anglican *ur*es4 ,,iv4 ,a nut%ell summ>y ( ?is booklet is conta9$ 9 ^! confessions ( my religi\s & political fai?3 ,i4 ,my religi\s fai? is summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ cre$ ( twelve ,articles3 7#a7 ,! *ief end ( e man %\ld be to make ! mo/ ( 8 own life by hav+ x z long & z happy z possible & to help o!rs 9 do+ ?is = !mselves4 7#b7 ,?\gh p>5ts live unconsci\sly 9 _! *ildr5 & all d s 9 ^? ov] :om !y h _h any influ5ce1 yet all !re is ( consci\s1 p]sonal life = man is ( a t]re/rial "*1 none cele/ial4 7#c7 ,k is ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,_w4 ,! savi\r-gods ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion are symbols ( ?is "o4 7#d7 ,ignorance is ! devil ( ! _w4 ,! de/roy]-gods ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion are symbols ( ?is "o4 7#e7 ,k consi/s 9 kn[+ facts & tru?s4 ,e real fact & tru? is a ^w ( ! only gospel :i* ! _w possesses4 7#f7 ,a fact is some?+ :i* matt]1 =ce & motion h unconsci\sly done1 n :at a god has consci\sly will$4 ,!re are no o!r facts4 7#g7 ,a tru? is a fact s int]pret$ t if x is liv$ x w contribute t[>ds mak+ ! mo/ ( life4 ,!re are no o!r tru?s4 7#h7 ,h5ce ! greate/ p 9 ! _w are ! sci5ti/s :o discov] facts1 & ! prea*]s :o int]pret !m & p]suade to _! liv+4 ,if y cont5d t mo!rs are great] ?an tea*]s1 ,i %all agree ) y on condition t y w admit t a "m is n really great unless %e is a tea*]4 7#i7 ,! desire & ef=t to le>n facts1 int]pret & live !m con/itute morality4 7#aj7 ,morality is ! greate/ ?+ 9 ! _w1 because x is all !re is ( real religion & politics4 7#aa7 ,b1 p>adoxical z x may seem1 !re is "o ?+ :i* is great] ?an ! greate/ ?+ 9 ! _w--fre$om4 7#ab7 ,& ! fre$om :i* is great] ?an morality consi/s 9 ! lib]ty to le>n1 int]pret1 live & tea* facts1 )\t :i* lib]ty a man may be a non-moral *ild1 or an immoral hypocrite1 b he _c be ! possessor ( ! pe>l ( great price--morality1 )\t :i* human life is n wor? ! liv+ or ev5 possible4 ,,ii4 ,my political fai? is summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ cre$ ( twelve articles3 7#a7 ,z ! univ]se 9 g5]al is self-exi/+1 self-su/a9+ & self-gov]n+1 s man 9 p>ticul>1 :o is b "o among ! transitory1 cosmic ph5om5a1 has all ( ! pot5tialities ( 8 own life )9 himself1 s t e man c say ( himself :at ! mak]s ( ,jesus _h him say3 ,i & my ,fa!r are "o4 7#b7 ,man has set a f>-(f & high-up goal ( an ideal civilization = himself1 & is f9d+ ! way to x by 8 own discov]ies1 & is walk+ !re9 by 8 own /r5g?1 s t he is n 9 ! lea/ indebt$ to any ( ! gods ( ! sup]naturali/ic int]pretations ( religion1 ei!r = ! sett+ ( ! goal1 or = :at progress he has made t[>ds x4 7#c7 ,nor is humanity indebt$ to its out/&+ repres5tatives = ! advance 9 ! way ( civilization1 z is evid5t f ! fact t1 b = ! gods1 x w\ld h long s9ce be5 f> beyond ! po9t :]e ! ,engli%-,g]man w> w\ld h be5 )9 ! range ( possibilities1 & ^! gods are ! gifts to a bl9d humanity by its bl9d lead]s4 7#d7 ,humanity is n indebt$ to its physical sci5ti/s any m ?an to its spiritual prophets = its advance 9 ! way ( civilization1 because ! sci5ti/s h always work$1 z ! prophets h prea*$1 9 ! int]e/s ( ! pr(ite]s ( ! exi/+ sy/em ( economics4 ,economic sy/ems h be5 ! *ief1 if n inde$1 ! only promot]s ( w>1 & ! _w w> ) its trem5d\s horrors w\ld n h be5 possible b = sci5ce4 7#e7 ,s1 !n1 ! hi/ory ( civilization has be5 :at x is because ( ! economic sy/ems by :i* ! mat]ial necessities ( life 7foods1 raim5ts & h\ses7 h be5 produc$1 n because gods h made spiritual revelations1 nor yet because m5 h made great discov]ies & p]suasively taught !m4 ,accord+ to ,m>x1 :o discov]$ ! key to ! door ( hi/ory1 x is con/itut$ nei!r by ! gods 9 ! skies1 nor ! great m5 on e>?2 b by economic sy/ems4 ,^! create ! div9ities & ! lead]s1 n !y !m4 7#f7 ,?us f> 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d e civilization has re/$ ^u ! in/itution ( slav]y & !re h be51 speak+ broadly1 ?ree diff]5t =ms ( x1 ) _! correspond+ly diff]5t civilizations1 *attel1 feudal & capital4 ,ea* ( ^! =ms ( slav]y has be5 ! f\ndation = a sup]/ructure ( a civilization peculi> to a di/9ct p]iod ( hi/ory4 ,*attel1 feudal & capital slav]ies respectively con/itut$ ! f\ndations = ! sup]/ructures ( anci5t1 m$iaeval & mod]n civilizations4 ,! second ( ! two great discov]ies by ,m>x 0 t ! wage slav]y ( capitalism1 by f> ! wor/ ( all slav]ies1 is due to surplus pr(its4 7#g7 ,s9ce civilizations h _! embodim5ts 9 religi\s & political in/itutions 7*ur*es & /ates ) :at goes ) !m7 s cle>ly z to ju/ify ! cont5tion t religion & politics are ! halves ( "o & ! same reality--civilization--x foll[s t ,i am "r 9 c>ry+ my mat]ialism ov] f ! realm ( religion into t ( politics4 7#h7 ,a sy/em ( economics is ab\t ! mo/ mat]iali/ic ?+ 9 ! _w1 yet x is ! only key :i* w op5 ! door to ! temple ( human hi/ory4 ,hav+ op5$ x ) ?is key1 ! fir/ ?+ to be se5 is a _w divid$ into two classes1 "o class ^: repres5tatives live by own+ ! mat]ial means & ! ma*9es = production & di/ribution2 & ano!r class ^: repres5tatives live by work+ 9 mak+ & op]at+ ^! ma*9es1 ) ! result ( produc+ & di/ribut+ ! mat]ial commodities by :i* ! _w is f$1 clo!d & h\s$1 b to ! surfeit+ ( ! own]s :o z su* produce no?+ & h ev]y?+ & ! />v+ ( ! work]s :o produce ev]y?+ & h no?+4 7#i7 ,capitali/s & communi/s agree t :5 ! goal ( humanity has be5 rea*$ ! _w w f9d itself to be "o all inclusive co-op]at+ family4 7#aj7 ,capitali/s say t !n ! co-op]at+ w be betwe5 ! own]s z fa!rs1 & ! work]s z *ildr54 ,! capitali/s w recognize e labor] :o does a fair day's "w z a good son or daught]1 & ! labor] w recognize e own] :o gives a fair day's wage z a good fa!r4 7#aa7 ,b communi/s say t !n ! co-op]at+ w be betwe5 m51 all ( :om are on ! same foot+ z labor]s1 s9ce1 :5 ! goal is rea*$1 ! _w w no long] be divid$ z x has be51 f "t out ( m9d1 into a small own+ or ma/] class & a l>ge work+ or slave class2 b x w con/itute "o great all inclusive family1 e memb] ( :i* w be on ! same foot+ ) all o!rs1 except t ! old] memb]s w reg>d ! y\ng] z sons & daught]s1 & !y 9 turn w be reg>d$ z fa!rs & mo!rs1 & all ( ! same g5]ation w look ^u ea* o!r z bro!rs & si/]s4 7#ab7 ,civilization always has be5 & ev] w be impossible )\t slav]y1 because leisure & opportunity = /udy1 social int]c\rse & travel are necess>y to x1 b "u capitalism1 z x works out1 only repres5tatives ( ! own+ or ma/] class h ^! pr]equisites1 & ^? ( ! work+ or slave class mu/ be depriv$ ( !m4 ,:5 communism supplants capitalism all w h _! equal p>ts 9 bo? ! labor necess>y to ! su/5ance ( ! physical 7body7 life1 & also ! leisure necess>y to ! developm5t ( ! psy*ical 7s\l7 life4 ,!re w /ill be slav]y1 inde$ mu* m ( x ?an ! _w has hi!rto kn[n1 b ma*9es1 n m51 wom5 & *ildr5 w be ! slaves4 ,( c\rse !re w rema9 mu* "w connect$ ) ! mak+ & op]at+ ( ! ma*9es1 b ! "t & en]gy requir$ = x w m & m decrease ) ! inevitable increase 9 ! numb] & effici5cy ( ! ma*9es until1 accord+ to cons]vative e/imates1 ?ree or f\r h\rs p] day ( comp>atively light & pleasant employm5t w be q suffici5t to provide ! necessities ( life 9 abundance = e work] & 8 dep5d5ts1 s t1 !n1 all w h z mu* ( !m z ! few h n[2 & ?is )\t any s5se ( slav]y because :5 "o is work+ = ! b5efit ( himself & 8 own 9 p>ticul>1 & ! public to :i* he belongs 9 g5]al1 n = ! pr(it ( a class ( :i* he is n a repres5tative1 !re is no feel+ ( irksome s]vitude4 ,v4 ,a _w-wide revolution has begun & is rapidly spread+ ov] ! e>?4 ,:y8 ,because a _w-wide economic sy/em = fe$+1 clo?+ & h\s+ ! p has brok5 d[n s t x mu/ be supplant$ by a new sy/em1 else mank9d w p]i% = ! lack ( food1 raim5t & %elt]4 ,?is revolution>y w> is betwe5 ! work+ class ^: repres5tatives live />v+ly1 ?\gh !y produce & di/ribute all ! necessities ( life & ! capitali/ class ^: repres5tatives live surfeit+ly1 ?\gh tak+ no "p 9 ! production & di/ribution ( ^! necessities4 ,ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s ago our f\r? ,presid5t1 ,james ,madison1 saw p>tly & dimly :at ne>ly e "o n[ sees fully & cle>ly3 ,we are free today sub/antially1 b ! day w come :5 our ,republic w be an impossibility4 ,x w be an impossibility because weal? w be conc5trat$ 9 ! h&s ( a few4 ,a republic _c /& ^u bayonets1 & :5 t day comes1 :5 ! weal? ( ! nation w be 9 ! h&s ( a few1 !n we mu/ rely ^u ! wisdom ( ! be/ elem5ts 9 ! c\ntry to readju/ ! laws ( ! nation to ! *ang$ conditions4 ,! labor]s ( ,russia h turn$ ! c\ntry "r side up s t !y !mselves are above & ! capitali/s bel[1 hav+ ! privilege ( rema9+ d[n to idle & />ve or else to crawl up to "w & live1 b n to rob1 w> & enslave4 ,z ,i lay d[n my p5 ! work+ man's gov]nm5t ( ,russia is fight+ a d\ble w>1 ! ,pol&-,crimea w>1 to prev5t its ov]?r[ by ! capitali/ gov]nm5ts ( ! _w1 especially ,engl&1 ,france1 ,japan & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* 9 ?is w> are surreptiti\sly conf$]at$ aga9/ x1 & ! victory seems assur$ to x1 l>gely because ( ! sympa?y & help ( _! fell[ work]s ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,m>x ?\gh dead yet speake?4 ,he is speak+ m widely & p]suasively 9 dea? ?an 9 life4 ,russia is ! megaphone f :i* 8 voice goes out ?r\gh e l& & ov] e sea4 ,nev] man nor god spake ) z mu* p[] z he speaks4 ,8 gospel is to ! slave1 & ?is is its ?rill+ appeal--work]s ( ! _w unite1 & ?is is its inspir+ assurance--y h no?+ to lose b y\r *a9s & a _w to ga94 ,,wm4 ,m4 ,,br[n4 ,br[nella ,cottage1 ,galion1 ,ohio4 ,septemb] #bd?1 #aibj4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,! typographical error ov]:elml+ly 0 *ang$ to ov]:elm+ly4 ,all o!r spell+1 capitalization1 & punctuation 0 reta9$4