file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #cjgee-;h4htm or #cjgee-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #cjgee_/pg#cjgee-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#cjge e_/cjgee-;h4zip7 ,libr>y3 ,volume ,i--see https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/etext_/#cjged ,volume ,,iii--see https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/etext_/#cjgef ,volume ,,iii conta9s ! index = all ?ree volumes4 ,! index 9 ! html v]sion ( ,volume ,,iii has l9ks to ! ! o!r two volumes4 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,a few typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,!y are li/$ at ! end ( ! text4 ,*>act]s foll[+ a c>et 7 pr9t$ z sup]script 9 ! orig9al4 ,= example1 ,/a2 "h ! a is a sup]script4 ,libr>y ,edition ,! ,complete ,works ( ,john ,rusk9 ,,/ones ,,( ,,v5ice ,,volumes ,i-,,ii ,national ,libr>y ,association ,new ,york ,*icago ,! ,complete ,works ( ,john ,rusk9 ,volume ,,viii ,,/ones ,,( ,,v5ice ,,volume ,,ii ,,! ,,/ones ,,( ,,v5ice ,,volume ,,ii4 ,! ,sea ,/ories ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,x 0 orig9ally int5d$ t ?is ,"w %\ld consi/ ( two volumes only2 ! subject has ext5d$ to ?ree4 ,! second volume1 h[ev]1 w conclude ! acc\nt ( ! anci5t ar*itecture ( ,v5ice4 ,! ?ird w embrace ! ,e>ly1 ! ,roman1 & ! ,grotesque ,r5aissance2 & an ,index1 :i*1 z x gives1 9 alphabetical ord]1 a brief acc\nt ( all ! build+s 9 ,v5ice1 or ref]5ces to ! places :]e !y are m5tion$ 9 ! text1 w be f\nd a conv5i5t guide = ! travell]4 ,9 ord] to make x m s]viceable1 ,i h introduc$ "s notices ( ! pictures :i* ,i ?9k mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! v>i\s *ur*es1 & 9 ! ,scuola di ,san ,rocco4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,fir/1 ,,or ,,byzant9e1 ,,p]iod4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,! ,?rone1 #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,torcello1 #aa ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,murano1 #bg ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,/4 ,m>k's1 #eg ,,*apt] ,v4 ,byzant9e ,palaces1 #aah ,,second1 ,,or ,,go?ic1 ,,p]iod4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,nature ( ,go?ic1 #aea ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,go?ic ,palaces1 #bca ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! ,ducal ,palace1 #bha ,,app5dix4 #a4 ,! ,gondoli]'s ,cry1 #cge #b4 ,our ,lady ( ,salvation1 #cgh #c4 ,tides ( ,v5ice & ,measures at ,torcello1 #cgh #d4 ,date ( ! ,duomo ( ,torcello1 #chj #e4 ,mod]n ,pulpits1 #chj #f4 ,apse ( ,murano1 #chb #g4 ,e>ly ,v5etian ,dress1 #chc #h4 ,inscriptions at ,murano1 #chd #i4 ,%afts ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 #chd #aj4 ,prop] ,s5se ( ! ,^w ,idolatry1 #chh #aa4 ,situations ( ,byzant9e ,palaces1 #cia #ab4 ,mod]n ,pa9t+s on ,glass1 #cid ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4 ,fac+ ,page ,plate #a4 ,plans ( ,torcello & ,murano1 #ad #b4 ,! ,acan?us ( ,torcello1 #ae #c4 ,inlaid ,b&s ( ,murano1 #dj #d4 ,sculptures ( ,murano1 #db #e4 ,ar*ivolt 9 ! ,duomo ( ,murano1 #de #f4 ,! ,v9e1 ,free & 9 ,s]vice1 #if #g4 ,byzant9e ,capitals--,convex ,gr\p1 #aca #h4 ,byzant9e ,capitals--,concave ,gr\p1 #acb #i4 ,lily ,capital ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 #acf #aj4 ,! ,f\r ,v5etian ,fl[] ,ord]1 #acg #aa4 ,byzant9e ,sculptures1 #ach #ab4 ,l9e> & ,surface ,go?ic1 #bbd #ac4 ,balconies1 #bdg #ad4 ,! ,ord]s ( ,v5etian ,ar*es1 #bdh #ae4 ,w9d[s ( ! ,second ,ord]1 #bed #af4 ,w9d[s ( ! ,f\r? ,ord]1 #beg #ag4 ,w9d[s ( ! ,e>ly ,go?ic ,palaces1 #bei #ah4 ,w9d[s ( ! ,fif? ,ord]1 #bff #ai4 ,leafage ( ! ,v9e ,angle1 #cjh #bj4 ,leafage ( ! ,v5etian ,capitals1 #cfh ,,! ,,/ones ,,( ,,v5ice4 ,,fir/1 ,,or ,,byzant9e1 ,,p]iod4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,?rone4 ,i4 ,9 ! old5 days ( travell+1 n[ to return no m1 9 :i* di/ance c\ld n be vanqui%$ )\t toil1 b 9 :i* t toil 0 rew>d$1 p>tly by ! p[] ( delib]ate survey ( ! c\ntries ?r\gh :i* ! j\rney lay1 & p>tly by ! happ9ess ( ! ev5+ h\rs1 :51 f ! top ( ! la/ hill he _h surm\nt$1 ! travell] beheld ! quiet village :]e he 0 to re/1 scatt]$ among ! mead[s beside its valley /ream2 or1 f ! long-hop$-= turn 9 ! du/y p]spective ( ! causeway1 saw1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! t[]s ( "s fam$ city1 fa9t 9 ! rays ( sunset--h\rs ( peaceful & ?\ghtful pleasure1 = :i* ! ru% ( ! arrival 9 ! railway /ation is p]haps n always1 or to all m51 an equival5t1--9 ^? days1 ,i say1 :5 !re 0 some?+ m to be anticipat$ & rememb]$ 9 ! fir/ aspect ( ea* successive halt+-place1 ?an a new arrangem5t ( glass ro(+ & iron gird]1 !re 7 few mom5ts ( :i* ! recollection 0 m fondly *]i%$ by ! travell] ?an t :i*1 z ,i endeavor$ to describe 9 ! close ( ! la/ *apt]1 br\ght him )9 sight ( ,v5ice1 z 8 gondola %ot into ! op5 lagoon f ! canal ( ,me/re4 ,n b t ! aspect ( ! city itself 0 g5]ally ! s\rce ( "s slight disappo9tm5t1 =1 se5 9 ?is direction1 its build+s are f> less *>act]i/ic ?an ^? ( ! o!r great t[ns ( ,italy2 b ?is inf]iority 0 p>tly disguis$ by di/ance1 & m ?an aton$ = by ! /range ris+ ( its walls & t[]s out ( ! mid/1 z x seem$1 ( ! deep sea1 = x 0 impossible t ! m9d or ! eye c\ld at once compreh5d ! %all[ness ( ! va/ %eet ( wat] :i* /ret*$ away 9 leagues ( rippl+ lu/re to ! nor? & s\?1 or trace ! n>r[ l9e ( islets b\nd+ x to ! ea/4 ,! salt breeze1 ! :ite moan+ sea-birds1 ! masses ( black we$ sep>at+ & disappe>+ gradually1 9 knots ( heav+ %oal1 "u ! advance ( ! /eady tide1 all proclaim$ x to be inde$ ! ocean on ^: bosom ! great city re/$ s calmly2 n su* blue1 s(t1 lake-l ocean z ba!s ! ,neapolitan promontories1 or sleeps b5ea? ! m>ble rocks ( ,g5oa1 b a sea ) ! bleak p[] ( our own nor!rn waves1 yet subdu$ into a /range spaci\s re/1 & *ang$ f its angry pallor into a field ( burni%$ gold1 z ! sun decl9$ beh9d ! belfry t[] ( ! lonely isl& *ur*1 fitly nam$ ,/4 ,george ( ! ,seawe$4 ,z ! boat drew ne>] to ! city1 ! coa/ :i* ! travell] _h j left sank beh9d him into "o long1 l[1 sad-color$ l9e1 tuft$ irregul>ly ) bru%wood & will[s3 b1 at :at seem$ its nor!rn extremity1 ! hills ( ,arqua rose 9 a d>k clu/] ( purple pyramids1 balanc$ on ! bright mirage ( ! lagoon2 two or ?ree smoo? surges ( inf]ior hill ext5d$ !mselves ab\t _! roots1 & beyond ^!1 beg9n+ ) ! craggy peaks above ,vic5za1 ! *a9 ( ! ,alps gird$ ! :ole horizon to ! nor?--a wall ( jagg$ blue1 "h & !re %[+ ?r\gh its clefts a wild]ness ( mi/y precipices1 fad+ f> back into ! recesses ( ,cadore1 & itself ris+ & break+ away ea/w>d1 :]e ! sun /ruck opposite ^u its sn[1 into mighty fragm5ts ( peak$ light1 /&+ up beh9d ! b>r$ cl\ds ( ev5+1 "o aft] ano!r1 c\ntless1 ! cr[n ( ! ,adrian ,sea1 until ! eye turn$ back f pursu+ !m1 to re/ ^u ! ne>] burn+ ( ! campaniles ( ,murano1 & on ! great city1 :]e x magnifi$ itself along ! waves1 z ! quick sil5t pac+ ( ! gondola drew ne>] & ne>]4 ,& at la/1 :5 its walls 7 rea*$1 & ! outmo/ ( its untrodd5 /reets 0 ent]$1 n ?r\gh t[]$ gate or gu>d$ ramp>t1 b z a deep inlet betwe5 two rocks ( coral 9 ! ,indian sea2 :5 fir/ ^u ! travell]'s sight op5$ ! long ranges ( column$ palaces1--ea* ) its black boat moor$ at ! portal1--ea* ) its image ca/ d[n1 b5ea? its feet1 ^u t gre5 pavem5t :i* e breeze broke into new fantasies ( ri* tessellation2 :5 fir/1 at ! extremity ( ! bright vi/a1 ! %ad[y ,rialto ?rew its colossal curve sl[ly =? f beh9d ! palace ( ! ,cam]l5ghi2 t /range curve1 s delicate1 s adamant9e1 /rong z a m\nta9 cav]n1 graceful z a b[ j b5t2 :5 fir/1 be=e its moonlike circumf]5ce 0 all ris51 ! gondoli]'s cry1 ,ah6 ,/al1#a /ruck %>p ^u ! e>1 & ! pr[ turn$ aside "u ! mighty cornices t half met ov] ! n>r[ canal1 :]e ! pla% ( ! wat] foll[$ close & l\d1 r++ along ! m>ble by ! boat's side2 & :5 at la/ t boat d>t$ =? ^u ! bread? ( silv] sea1 across :i* ! front ( ! ,ducal palace1 flu%$ ) its sangu9e ve9s1 looks to ! sn[y dome ( ,our ,lady ( ,salvation1#b x 0 no m>vel t ! m9d %\ld be s deeply entranc$ by ! vision>y *>m ( a sc5e s beautiful & s /range1 z to =get ! d>k] tru?s ( its hi/ory & its be+4 ,well might x seem t su* a city _h ow$ h] exi/5ce r to ! rod ( ! en*ant]1 ?an ! fe> ( ! fugitive2 t ! wat]s :i* encircl$ h] _h be5 *os5 = ! mirror ( h] /ate1 r ?an ! %elt] ( h] nak$ness2 & t all :i* 9 nature 0 wild or m]ciless1--,"t & ,decay1 z well z ! waves & tempe/s1--_h be5 won to adorn h] in/ead ( to de/roy1 & might /ill sp>e1 = ages to come1 t beauty :i* seem$ to h fix$ = its ?rone ! s&s ( ! h\r-glass z well z ( ! sea4 ,,ii4 ,& al?\gh ! la/ few ev5tful ye>s1 fraught ) *ange to ! face ( ! :ole e>?1 h be5 m fatal 9 _! influ5ce on ,v5ice ?an ! five hundr$ t prec$$ !m2 ?\gh ! noble l&scape ( approa* to h] c n[ be se5 no m1 or se5 only by a glance1 z ! eng9e slack5s its ru%+ on ! iron l9e2 & ?\gh _m ( h] palaces are = ev] defac$1 & _m 9 desecrat$ ru9s1 !re is /ill s mu* ( magic 9 h] aspect1 t ! hurri$ travell]1 :o mu/ leave h] be=e ! wond] ( t fir/ aspect has be5 worn away1 may /ill be l$ to =get ! humility ( h] orig91 & to %ut 8 eyes to ! dep? ( h] desolation4 ,!y1 at lea/1 are little to be envi$1 9 ^: he>ts ! great *>ities ( ! imag9ation lie dead1 & = :om ! fancy has no p[] to repress ! importunity ( pa9ful impressions1 or to raise :at is ignoble1 & disguise :at is discordant1 9 a sc5e s ri* 9 its remembrances1 s surpass+ 9 its beauty4 ,b = ?is "w ( ! imag9ation !re mu/ be no p]mission dur+ ! task :i* is be=e u4 ,! impot5t feel+s ( romance1 s s+ul>ly *>act]i/ic ( ?is c5tury1 may inde$ gild1 b nev] save ! rema9s ( ^? mighti] ages to :i* !y are atta*$ l climb+ fl[]s2 & !y mu/ be torn away f ! magnific5t fragm5ts1 if we w\ld see !m z !y /ood 9 _! own /r5g?4 ,^? feel+s1 always z fruitless z !y are fond1 are 9 ,v5ice n only incapable ( protect+1 b ev5 ( disc]n+1 ! objects to :i* !y ought to h be5 atta*$4 ,! ,v5ice ( mod]n fiction & drama is a ?+ ( ye/]day1 a m]e effloresc5ce ( decay1 a /age dream :i* ! fir/ ray ( daylight mu/ dissipate into du/4 ,no prison]1 ^: "n is wor? rememb]+1 or ^: sorr[ des]v$ sympa?y1 ev] cross$ t ,bridge ( ,sighs1 :i* is ! c5tre ( ! ,byronic ideal ( ,v5ice2 no great m]*ant ( ,v5ice ev] saw t ,rialto "u :i* ! travell] n[ passes ) brea?less int]e/3 ! /atue :i* ,byron makes ,fali]o address z ( "o ( 8 great ance/ors 0 erect$ to a soldi] ( =tune a hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] ,fali]o's dea?2 & ! mo/ conspicu\s p>ts ( ! city h be5 s entirely alt]$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ ?ree c5turies1 t if ,h5ry ,d&olo or ,francis ,fosc>i c\ld be summon$ f _! tombs1 & /ood ea* on ! deck ( 8 galley at ! entrance ( ! ,gr& ,canal1 t r5[n$ entrance1 ! pa9t]'s favorite subject1 ! noveli/'s favorite sc5e1 :]e ! wat] fir/ n>r[s by ! /eps ( ! ,*ur* ( ,la ,salute1--! mighty ,doges w\ld n "k 9 :at spot ( ! _w !y /ood1 w\ld lit]ally n recognize "o /one ( ! great city1 = ^: sake1 & by ^: +ratitude1 _! grey hairs _h be5 br\ght d[n ) bitt]ness to ! grave4 ,! rema9s ( _! ,v5ice lie hidd5 beh9d ! cumbr\s masses :i* 7 ! delight ( ! nation 9 its dotage2 hidd5 9 _m a grass-gr[n c\rt1 & sil5t pa?way1 & lightless canal1 :]e ! sl[ waves h sapp$ _! f\ndations = five hundr$ ye>s1 & mu/ soon prevail ov] !m = ev]4 ,x mu/ be our task to glean & ga!r !m =?1 & re/ore out ( !m "s fa9t image ( ! lo/ city1 m gorge\s a ?\s&-fold ?an t :i* n[ exi/s1 yet n creat$ 9 ! day-dream ( ! pr9ce1 nor by ! o/5tation ( ! noble1 b built by iron h&s & pati5t he>ts1 cont5d+ aga9/ ! adv]sity ( nature & ! fury ( man1 s t its wond]fulness _c be grasp$ by ! indol5ce ( imag9ation1 b only aft] frank inquiry into ! true nature ( t wild & solit>y sc5e1 ^: re/less tides & trembl+ s&s did inde$ %elt] ! bir? ( ! city1 b long d5i$ h] dom9ion4 ,,iii4 ,:5 ! eye falls casually on a map ( ,europe1 !re is no feature by :i* x is m likely to be arre/$ ?an ! /range sweep+ loop =m$ by ! junction ( ! ,alps & ,ap5n9es1 & enclos+ ! great bas9 ( ,lomb>dy4 ,?is return ( ! m\nta9 *a9 ^u itself causes a va/ diff]5ce 9 ! "* ( ! di/ribution ( its dbris on its opposite sides4 ,! rock fragm5ts & s$im5t :i* ! torr5ts on ! nor? side ( ! ,alps be> into ! pla9s are di/ribut$ ov] a va/ ext5t ( c\ntry1 &1 ?\gh "h & !re lodg$ 9 b$s ( enorm\s ?ickness1 soon p]mit ! firm sub/rata to appe> f und]nea? !m2 b all ! torr5ts :i* desc5d f ! s\!rn side ( ! ,high ,alps1 & f ! nor!rn slope ( ! ,ap5n9es1 meet conc5trically 9 ! recess or m\nta9 bay :i* ! two ridges enclose2 e fragm5t :i* ?und] breaks out ( _! battlem5ts1 & e gra9 ( du/ :i* ! summ] ra9 wa%es f _! pa/ures1 is at la/ laid at re/ 9 ! blue sweep ( ! ,lomb>dic pla92 & t pla9 mu/ h ris5 )9 its rocky b>ri]s z a cup fills ) w9e1 b = two contr>y influ5ces :i* cont9ually depress1 or disp]se f its surface1 ! accumulation ( ! ru9s ( ages4 ,,iv4 ,i w n tax ! read]'s fai? 9 mod]n sci5ce by insi/+ on ! s+ul> depression ( ! surface ( ,lomb>dy1 :i* appe>s = _m c5turies to h tak5 place /eadily & cont9ually2 ! ma9 fact ) :i* we h to d is ! gradual transport1 by ! ,po & its great collat]al riv]s1 ( va/ masses ( ! f9] s$im5t to ! sea4 ,! "* ( ! ,lomb>dic pla9s is mo/ /rik+ly express$ by ! anci5t walls ( its cities1 compos$ = ! mo/ "p ( l>ge r\nd$ ,alp9e pebbles alt]nat+ ) n>r[ c\rses ( brick2 & 0 curi\sly illu/rat$ 9 #ahdh1 by ! ramp>ts ( ^! same pebbles ?r[n up f\r or five feet high r\nd e field1 to *eck ! ,au/rian cavalry 9 ! battle "u ! walls ( ,v]ona4 ,! f9] du/ among :i* ^! pebbles are disp]s$ is tak5 up by ! riv]s1 f$ into cont9ual /r5g? by ! ,alp9e sn[1 s t1 h[ev] pure _! wat]s may be :5 !y issue f ! lakes at ! foot ( ! great *a91 !y become ( ! color & opacity ( clay be=e !y rea* ! ,adriatic2 ! s$im5t :i* !y be> is at once ?r[n d[n z !y ent] ! sea1 =m+ a va/ belt ( l[ l& along ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,italy4 ,! p[]ful /ream ( ! ,po ( c\rse builds =w>d ! fa/e/2 on ea* side ( x1 nor? & s\?1 !re is a tract ( m>%1 f$ by m feeble /reams1 & less liable to rapid *ange ?an ! delta ( ! c5tral riv]4 ,9 "o ( ^! tracts is built ,,rav5na1 & 9 ! o!r ,,v5ice4 ,v4 ,:at circum/ances direct$ ! peculi> arrangem5t ( ?is great belt ( s$im5t 9 ! e>lie/ times1 x is n "h ! place to inquire4 ,x is en\gh = u to "k t f ! m\?s ( ! ,adige to ^? ( ! ,piave !re /ret*es1 at a v>iable di/ance ( f ?ree to five miles f ! actual %ore1 a bank ( s&1 divid$ into long isl&s by n>r[ *annels ( sea4 ,! space betwe5 ?is bank & ! true %ore consi/s ( ! s$im5t>y deposits f ^! & o!r riv]s1 a great pla9 ( calc>e\s mud1 cov]$1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,v5ice1 by ! sea at high wat]1 to ! dep? 9 mo/ places ( a foot or a foot & a half1 & ne>ly ev]y:]e expos$ at l[ tide1 b divid$ by an intricate network ( n>r[ & w9d+ *annels1 f :i* ! sea nev] retires4 ,9 "s places1 accord+ to ! run ( ! curr5ts1 ! l& has ris5 into m>%y islets1 consolidat$1 "s by art1 & "s by "t1 into gr\nd firm en\gh to be built ^u1 or fruitful en\gh to be cultivat$3 9 o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 x has n rea*$ ! sea-level2 s t1 at ! av]age l[ wat]1 %all[ lakelets glitt] among its irregul>ly expos$ fields ( seawe$4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! l>ge/ ( ^!1 increas$ 9 importance by ! conflu5ce ( sev]al l>ge riv] *annels t[>ds "o ( ! op5+s 9 ! sea bank1 ! city ( ,v5ice itself is built1 on a cr[d$ clu/] ( isl&s2 ! v>i\s plots ( high] gr\nd :i* appe> to ! nor? & s\? ( ?is c5tral clu/]1 h at diff]5t p]iods be5 also ?ickly inhabit$1 & n[ be>1 accord+ to _! size1 ! rema9s ( cities1 villages1 or isolat$ conv5ts & *ur*es1 scatt]$ among spaces ( op5 gr\nd1 p>tly wa/e & encumb]$ by ru9s1 p>tly "u cultivation = ! supply ( ! metropolis4 ,,vi4 ,! av]age rise & fall ( ! tide is ab\t ?ree feet 7v>y+ consid]ably ) ! seasons#c72 b ?is fall1 on s flat a %ore1 is en\gh to cause cont9ual movem5t 9 ! wat]s1 & 9 ! ma9 canals to produce a reflux :i* frequ5tly runs l a mill /ream4 ,at high wat] no l& is visible = _m miles to ! nor? or s\? ( ,v5ice1 except 9 ! =m ( small isl&s cr[n$ ) t[]s or gleam+ ) villages3 !re is a *annel1 "s ?ree miles wide1 betwe5 ! city & ! ma9l&1 & "s mile & a half wide betwe5 x & ! s&y breakwat] call$ ! ,lido1 :i* divides ! lagoon f ! ,adriatic1 b :i* is s l[ z h>dly to di/urb ! impression ( ! city's hav+ be5 built 9 ! mid/ ( ! ocean1 al?\gh ! secret ( its true position is p>tly1 yet n pa9fully1 betray$ by ! clu/]s ( piles set to m>k ! deep-wat] *annels1 :i* undulate f> away 9 spotty *a9s l ! /udd$ backs ( huge sea-snakes1 & by ! quick glitt]+ ( ! crisp$ & cr[d$ waves t flick] & dance be=e ! /rong w9ds ^u ! unlift$ level ( ! %all[ sea4 ,b ! sc5e is widely diff]5t at l[ tide4 ,a fall ( eighte5 or tw5ty in*es is en\gh to %[ gr\nd ov] ! great] "p ( ! lagoon2 & at ! complete ebb ! city is se5 /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( a d>k pla9 ( seawe$1 ( gloomy gre51 except only :]e ! l>g] bran*es ( ! ,br5ta & its associat$ /reams conv]ge t[>ds ! port ( ! ,lido4 ,?r\gh ?is salt & sombre pla9 ! gondola & ! fi%+-boat advance by tortu\s *annels1 seldom m ?an f\r or five feet deep1 & (t5 s *ok$ ) slime t ! heavi] keels furr[ ! bottom till _! cross+ tracks are se5 ?r\gh ! cle> sea wat] l ! ruts ^u a w9try road1 & ! o> leaves blue ga%es ^u ! gr\nd at e /roke1 or is entangl$ among ! ?ick we$ t fr+es ! banks ) ! weight ( its sull5 waves1 lean+ to & fro ^u ! unc]ta9 sway ( ! exhau/$ tide4 ,! sc5e is (t5 pr(\ndly oppressive1 ev5 at ?is day1 :5 e plot ( high] gr\nd be>s "s fragm5t ( fair build+3 b1 9 ord] to "k :at x 0 once1 let ! travell] foll[ 9 8 boat at ev5+ ! w9d+s ( "s unfrequ5t$ *annel f> into ! mid/ ( ! melan*oly pla92 let him remove1 9 8 imag9ation1 ! brightness ( ! great city t /ill ext5ds itself 9 ! di/ance1 & ! walls & t[]s f ! isl&s t are ne>2 & s wait1 until ! bright inve/iture & sweet w>m? ( ! sunset are )drawn f ! wat]s1 & ! black des]t ( _! %ore lies 9 its nak$ness b5ea? ! night1 pa?less1 com=tless1 infirm1 lo/ 9 d>k languor & fe>ful sil5ce1 except :]e ! salt runlets pla% into ! tideless pools1 or ! sea-birds flit f _! m>g9s ) a que/ion+ cry2 & he w be enabl$ to ent] 9 "s sort into ! horror ( he>t ) :i* ?is solitude 0 anci5tly *os5 by man = 8 habitation4 ,!y little ?\ght1 :o fir/ drove ! /akes into ! s&1 & /rew$ ! ocean re$s = _! re/1 t _! *ildr5 7 to be ! pr9ces ( t ocean1 & _! palaces its pride2 & yet1 9 ! great natural laws t rule t sorr[ful wild]ness1 let x be rememb]$ :at /range prep>ation _h be5 made = ! ?+s :i* no human imag9ation c\ld h =etold1 & h[ ! :ole exi/5ce & =tune ( ! ,v5etian nation 7 anticipat$ or compell$1 by ! sett+ ( ^? b>s & doors to ! riv]s & ! sea4 ,_h deep] curr5ts divid$ _! isl&s1 ho/ile navies w\ld aga9 & aga9 h r$uc$ ! ris+ city into s]vitude2 _h /rong] surges beat5 _! %ores1 all ! ri*ness & ref9em5t ( ! ,v5etian ar*itecture mu/ h be5 ex*ang$ = ! walls & bulw>ks ( an ord9>y sea-port4 ,_h !re be5 no tide1 z 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! n>r[ canals ( ! city w\ld h become noisome1 & ! m>% 9 :i* x 0 built pe/if]\s4 ,_h ! tide be5 only a foot or eighte5 in*es high] 9 its rise1 ! wat]-access to ! doors ( ! palaces w\ld h be5 impossible3 ev5 z x is1 !re is sometimes a little difficulty1 at ! ebb1 9 l&+ )\t sett+ foot ^u ! l[] & slipp]y /eps3 & ! highe/ tides sometimes ent] ! c\rty>ds1 & ov]fl[ ! entrance halls4 ,eighte5 in*es m ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! level ( ! flood & ebb w\ld h r5d]$ ! door/eps ( e palace1 at l[ wat]1 a trea*]\s mass ( we$s & limpets1 & ! entire sy/em ( wat]-c>riage = ! high] classes1 9 _! easy & daily int]c\rse1 mu/ h be5 done away )4 ,! /reets ( ! city w\ld h be5 wid5$1 its network ( canals fill$ up1 & all ! peculi> "* ( ! place & ! p de/roy$4 ,,vii4 ,! read] may p]haps h felt "s pa9 9 ! contra/ betwe5 ?is fai?ful view ( ! site ( ! ,v5etian ,?rone1 & ! romantic conception ( x :i* we ord9>ily =m2 b ?is pa91 if he h felt x1 ought to be m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by ! value ( ! in/ance ?us af=d$ to u at once ( ! inscrutabl5ess & ! wisdom ( ! ways ( ,god4 ,if1 two ?\s& ye>s ago1 we _h be5 p]mitt$ to wat* ! sl[ settl+ ( ! slime ( ^? turbid riv]s into ! pollut$ sea1 & ! ga9+ ^u its deep & fre% wat]s ( ! lifeless1 impassable1 unvoyageable pla91 h[ little c\ld we h und]/ood ! purpose ) :i* ^? isl&s 7 %ap$ out ( ! void1 & ! torpid wat]s enclos$ ) _! desolate walls ( s&6 ,h[ little c\ld we h kn[n1 any m ?an ( :at n[ seems to u mo/ di/ressful1 d>k1 & objectless1 ! glori\s aim :i* 0 !n 9 ! m9d ( ,him 9 ^: h& are all ! corn]s ( ! e>?6 h[ little imag9$ t 9 ! laws :i* 7 /ret*+ =? ! gloomy m>g9s ( ^? fruitless banks1 & fe$+ ! bitt] grass among _! %all[s1 !re 0 inde$ a prep>ation1 & ! only prep>ation possible1 = ! f\nd+ ( a city :i* 0 to be set l a gold5 clasp on ! girdle ( ! e>?1 to write h] hi/ory on ! :ite scrolls ( ! sea-surges1 & to ^w x 9 _! ?und]1 & to ga!r & give =?1 9 worldwide pulsation1 ! glory ( ! ,we/ & ( ! ,ea/1 f ! burn+ he>t ( h] ,=titude & ,spl5dor4 ,,footnotes #a ,app5dix #a1 ,! ,gondoli]'s ,cry4 #b ,app5dix #b1 ,our ,lady ( ,salvation4 #c ,app5dix #c1 ,tides ( ,v5ice4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,torcello4 ,i4 ,sev5 miles to ! nor? ( ,v5ice1 ! banks ( s&1 :i* ne> ! city rise little above l[-wat] m>k1 atta9 by degrees a high] level1 & knit !mselves at la/ into fields ( salt morass1 rais$ "h & !re into %apeless m\nds1 & int]cept$ by n>r[ creeks ( sea4 ,"o ( ! feeble/ ( ^! inlets1 aft] w9d+ = "s "t among buri$ fragm5ts ( masonry1 & knots ( sunburnt we$s :it5$ ) webs ( fucus1 /ays itself 9 an utt]ly /agnant pool beside a plot ( gre5] grass cov]$ ) gr\nd ivy & violets4 ,on ?is m\nd is built a rude brick campanile1 ( ! commone/ ,lomb>dic type1 :i* if we asc5d t[>ds ev5+ 7& !re are none to h9d] u1 ! door ( its ru9\s /aircase sw++ idly on its h+es71 we may comm& f x "o ( ! mo/ notable sc5es 9 ?is wide _w ( ours4 ,f> z ! eye c rea*1 a wa/e ( wild sea moor1 ( a lurid a%5 grey2 n l our nor!rn moors ) _! jet-black pools & purple hea?1 b lifeless1 ! color ( sackclo?1 ) ! corrupt$ sea-wat] soak+ ?r\gh ! roots ( its acrid we$s1 & gleam+ hi!r & ?i!r ?r\gh its snaky *annels4 ,no ga!r+ ( fanta/ic mi/s1 nor c\rs+ ( cl\ds across x2 b melan*oly cle>ness ( space 9 ! w>m sunset1 oppressive1 rea*+ to ! horizon ( its level gloom4 ,to ! v horizon1 on ! nor?-ea/2 b1 to ! nor? & we/1 !re is a blue l9e ( high] l& along ! bord] ( x1 & above ?is1 b f>!r back1 a mi/y b& ( m\nta9s1 t\*$ ) sn[4 ,to ! ea/1 ! pal5ess & ro> ( ! ,adriatic1 l\d] at mom5t>y int]vals z ! surf breaks on ! b>s ( s&2 to ! s\?1 ! wid5+ bran*es ( ! calm lagoon1 alt]nately purple & pale gre51 z !y reflect ! ev5+ cl\ds or twilight sky2 & almo/ b5ea? our feet1 on ! same field :i* su/a9s ! t[] we gaze f1 a gr\p ( f\r build+s1 two ( !m little l>g] ?an cottages 7?\gh built ( /one1 & "o adorn$ by a qua9t belfry71 ! ?ird an octagonal *apel1 ( :i* we c see b little m ?an ! flat r$ ro( ) its ray$ til+1 ! f\r?1 a consid]able *ur* ) nave & aisles1 b ( :i*1 9 l mann]1 we c see little b ! long c5tral ridge & lat]al slopes ( ro(1 :i* ! sunlight sep>ates 9 "o gl[+ mass f ! gre5 field b5ea? & grey moor beyond4 ,!re are no liv+ creatures ne> ! build+s1 nor any ve/ige ( village or city r\nd ab\t !m4 ,!y lie l a little company ( %ips becalm$ on a f>-away sea4 ,,ii4 ,!n look f>!r to ! s\?4 ,beyond ! wid5+ bran*es ( ! lagoon1 & ris+ out ( ! bright lake into :i* !y ga!r1 !re are a multitude ( t[]s1 d>k1 & scatt]$ among squ>e-set %apes ( clu/]$ palaces1 a long & irregul> l9e frett+ ! s\!rn sky4 ,"m & daught]1 y behold !m bo? 9 _! wid[hood1--,,torcello & ,,v5ice4 ,?irte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 ! grey moorl& look$ z x does ?is day1 & ! purple m\nta9s /ood z radiantly 9 ! deep di/ances ( ev5+2 b on ! l9e ( ! horizon1 !re 7 /range fires mix$ ) ! light ( sunset1 & ! lam5t ( _m human voices mix$ ) ! frett+ ( ! waves on _! ridges ( s&4 ,! flames rose f ! ru9s ( ,alt9um2 ! lam5t f ! multitude ( its p1 seek+1 l ,israel ( old1 a refuge f ! sword 9 ! pa?s ( ! sea4 ,! cattle are fe$+ & re/+ ^u ! site ( ! city t !y left2 ! m[]'s scy! swept ?is day at dawn ov] ! *ief /reet ( ! city t !y built1 & ! swa!s ( s(t grass are n[ s5d+ up _! sc5t into ! night air1 ! only inc5se t fills ! temple ( _! anci5t wor%ip4 ,let u g d[n into t little space ( mead[ l&4 ,,iii4 ,! inlet :i* runs ne>e/ to ! base ( ! campanile is n t by :i* ,torcello is commonly approa*$4 ,ano!r1 some:at broad]1 & ov]hung by ald] copse1 w9ds out ( ! ma9 *annel ( ! lagoon up to ! v edge ( ! little mead[ :i* 0 once ! ,piazza ( ! city1 & !re1 /ay$ by a few grey /ones :i* pres5t "s semblance ( a quay1 =ms its b\nd>y at "o extremity4 ,h>dly l>g] ?an an ord9>y ,engli% f>my>d1 & r\ghly enclos$ on ea* side by brok5 pal+s & h$ges ( honeysuckle & bri>1 ! n>r[ field retires f ! wat]'s edge1 trav]s$ by a sc>cely traceable footpa?1 = "s =ty or fifty paces1 & !n exp&+ into ! =m ( a small squ>e1 ) build+s on ?ree sides ( x1 ! f\r? be+ t :i* op5s to ! wat]4 ,two ( ^!1 t on our left & t 9 front ( u z we approa* f ! canal1 are s small t !y might well be tak5 = ! out-h\ses ( ! f>m1 ?\gh ! fir/ is a conv5tual build+1 & ! o!r aspires to ! title ( ! ,palazzo publico1 bo? dat+ z f> back z ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 ! ?ird1 ! octagonal *ur* ( ,santa ,fosca1 is f> m anci5t ?an ei!r1 yet h>dly on a l>g] scale4 ,?\gh ! pill>s ( ! portico :i* surr\nds x are ( pure ,greek m>ble1 & _! capitals are enri*$ ) delicate sculpture1 !y1 & ! ar*es !y su/a91 toge!r only raise ! ro( to ! height ( a cattle-%$2 & ! fir/ /rong impression :i* ! spectator receives f ! :ole sc5e is1 t :atev] s9 x may h be5 :i* has on ?is spot be5 visit$ ) s utt] a desolation1 x c\ld n at lea/ h be5 ambition4 ,nor w ?is impression be dim9i%$ z we approa*1 or ent]1 ! l>g] *ur* to :i* ! :ole gr\p ( build+ is subord9ate4 ,x has evid5tly be5 built by m5 9 flight & di/ress1#d :o s\ght 9 ! hurri$ erection ( _! isl& *ur* su* a %elt] = _! e>ne/ & sorr[ful wor%ip z1 on ! "o h&1 c\ld n attract ! eyes ( _! enemies by its spl5dor1 & yet1 on ! o!r1 might n awak5 too bitt] feel+s by its contra/ ) ! *ur*es :i* !y _h se5 de/roy$4 ,!re is visible ev]y:]e a simple & t5d] ef=t to recov] "s ( ! =m ( ! temples :i* !y _h lov$1 & to d honor to ,god by t :i* !y 7 erect+1 :ile di/ress & humiliation prev5t$ ! desire1 & prud5ce preclud$ ! admission1 ei!r ( luxury ( ornam5t or magnific5ce ( plan4 ,! ext]ior is absolutely devoid ( decoration1 ) ! exception only ( ! we/]n entrance & ! lat]al door1 ( :i* ! =m] has c>v$ sidepo/s & ar*itrave1 & ! latt]1 crosses ( ri* sculpture2 :ile ! massy /one %utt]s ( ! w9d[s1 turn+ on huge r+s ( /one1 :i* answ] ! d\ble purpose ( /an*ions & brackets1 cause ! :ole build+ r to resemble a refuge f ,alp9e /orm ?an ! ca!dral ( a popul\s city2 &1 int]nally1 ! two solemn mosaics ( ! ea/]n & we/]n extremities1--"o repres5t+ ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 ! o!r ! ,madonna1 h] te>s fall+ z h] h&s are rais$ to bless1--& ! noble range ( pill>s :i* enclose ! space betwe51 t]m9at$ by ! high ?rone = ! pa/or & ! semicircul> rais$ seats = ! sup]ior cl]gy1 are expressive at once ( ! deep sorr[ & ! sacr$ c\rage ( m5 :o _h no home left !m ^u e>?1 b :o look$ = "o to come1 ( m5 p]secut$ b n =sak51 ca/ d[n b n de/roy$4 ,,iv4 ,i am n aw>e ( any o!r e>ly *ur* 9 ,italy :i* has ?is peculi> expression 9 s m>k$ a degree2 & x is s consi/5t ) all t ,*ri/ian ar*itecture ought to express 9 e age 7= ! actual condition ( ! exiles :o built ! ca!dral ( ,torcello is exactly typical ( ! spiritual condition :i* e ,*ri/ian ought to recognize 9 himself1 a /ate ( homelessness on e>?1 except s f> z he c make ! ,mo/ ,high 8 habitation71 t ,i w\ld r fix ! m9d ( ! read] on ?is g5]al "* ?an on ! sep>ate details1 h[ev] int]e/+1 ( ! ar*itecture itself4 ,i %all !re=e exam9e ^! only s f> z is necess>y to give a cle> idea ( ! means by :i* ! peculi> expression ( ! build+ is atta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,i4 ,,plans ,,( ,,torcello ,,& ,,murano4 ,v4 ,on ! opposite page1 ! upp]mo/ figure1 #a1 is a rude plan ( ! *ur*4 ,i d n answ] = ! ?ickness & ext]nal disposition ( ! walls1 :i* are n to our pres5t purpose1 & :i* ,i h n c>efully exam9$2 b ! int]ior arrangem5t is giv5 ) suffici5t accuracy4 ,! *ur* is built on ! usual plan ( ! ,basilica#e t is to say1 its body divid$ into a nave & aisles by two r[s ( massive %afts1 ! ro( ( ! nave be+ rais$ high above ! aisles by walls su/a9$ on two ranks ( pill>s1 & pi]c$ ) small ar*$ w9d[s4 ,at ,torcello ! aisles are also light$ 9 ! same mann]1 & ! nave is ne>ly twice _! bread?4#f ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,ii4 ,,! ,,acan?us ,,( ,,torcello4 ,! capitals ( all ! great %afts are ( :ite m>ble1 & are among ! be/ ,i h ev] se51 z examples ( p]fectly calculat$ effect f e t\* ( ! *isel4 ,mr4 ,hope calls !m indiff]5tly imitat$ f ! ,cor9?ian3#g b ! expression is z inaccurate z x is unju/2 e "o ( !m is diff]5t 9 design1 & _! v>iations are z graceful z !y are fanciful4 ,i c\ld n1 except by an elaborate draw+1 give any idea ( ! %>p1 d>k1 deep p5etrations ( ! *isel into _! sn[y m>ble1 b a s+le example is giv5 9 ! opposite plate1 fig4 #a1 ( ! nature ( ! *anges effect$ 9 !m f ! ,cor9?ian type4 ,9 ?is capital1 al?\gh a k9d ( acan?us 7only ) r\nd$ lobes7 is inde$ us$ = ! upp] range ( leaves1 ! l[] range is n acan?us at all1 b a k9d ( v9e1 or at lea/ t species ( plant :i* /&s = v9e 9 all e>ly ,lomb>dic & ,byzant9e "w 7vide ,vol4 ,i4 ,app5dix #h72 ! leaves are trefoil$1 & ! /alks cut cle> s t !y might be grasp$ ) ! h&1 & ca/ %>p d>k %ad[s1 p]petually *ang+1 across ! bell ( ! capital beh9d !m4 ,i h drawn "o ( ^! v9e plants l>g] 9 fig4 #b1 t ! read] may see h[ little imitation ( ! ,cor9?ian !re is 9 !m1 & h[ boldly ! /ems ( ! leaves are deta*$ f ! gr\nd4 ,b !re is ano!r circum/ance 9 ?is ornam5t /ill m noticeable4 ,! b& :i* encircles ! %aft b5ea? ! spr+ ( ! leaves is copi$ f ! common classical wrea!d or braid$ fillet1 ( :i* ! read] may see examples on almo/ e build+ ( any pret5sions 9 mod]n ,london4 ,b ! m$ival build]s c\ld n be cont5t ) ! dead & mean+less scroll3 ! ,go?ic en]gy & love ( life1 m+l$ ) ! e>ly ,*ri/ian religi\s symbolism1 7 /ruggl+ daily into m vigor\s expression1 & !y turn$ ! wrea!d b& into a s]p5t ( ?ree times ! l5g? necess>y to undulate r\nd ! %aft1 :i*1 knott+ itself into a triple *a91 %[s at "o side ( ! %aft its tail & head1 z if p]petually glid+ r\nd x b5ea? ! /alks ( ! v9es4 ,! v9e1 z is well kn[n1 0 "o ( ! e>ly symbols ( ,*ri/1 & ! s]p5t is "h typical ei!r ( ! et]nity ( 8 dom9ion1 or ( ! ,satanic p[] subdu$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,vi4 ,nor ev5 :5 ! build] conf9es himself to ! acan?us leaf 7or to t repres5tation ( x1 h]eaft] to be m p>ticul>ly exam9$1 con/ant 9 ,romanesque "w7 c 8 imag9ation all[ him to re/ cont5t ) its accu/om$ position4 ,9 a common ,cor9?ian capital ! leaves nod =w>d only1 ?r[n out on e side f ! bell :i* !y surr\nd3 b at ! base ( "o ( ! capitals on ! opposite side ( ! nave f ?is ( ! v9es1#h two leaves are introduc$ set ) _! sides outw>ds1 =m+ spirals by curl+ back1 half-clos$1 9 ! position %[n 9 fig4 #d 9 ,plate ,,ii41 !re repres5t$ z 9 a real acan?us leaf2 = x w assi/ our future inquiries into ! ornam5tation ( capitals t ! read] %\ld be acqua9t$ ) ! =m ( ! acan?us leaf itself4 ,i h drawn x1 !re=e1 9 ! two positions1 figs4 #c & #d 9 ,plate ,,ii42 :ile fig4 #e is ! translation ( ! latt] =m into m>ble by ! sculptor ( ,torcello4 ,x is n v l ! acan?us1 b mu* lik] ?an any ,greek "w2 ?\gh /ill entirely conv5tional 9 its c9quefoil$ lobes4 ,b ^! are dispos$ ) ! mo/ graceful fre$om ( l9e1 sep>at$ at ! roots by deep drill holes1 :i* tell ^u ! eye f> away l beads ( jet2 & *ang$1 be=e !y become too cr[d$ to be effective1 into a vigor\s & simple zigzagg$ edge1 :i* saves ! design] "s emb>rassm5t 9 ! p]spective ( ! t]m9at+ spiral4 ,b 8 feel+ ( nature 0 great] ?an 8 k ( p]spective2 & x is delightful to see h[ he has root$ ! :ole leaf 9 ! /rong r\nd$ "u-/em1 ! indication ( its clos+ ) its face inw>ds1 & has ?us giv5 organization & ela/icity to ! lovely gr\p ( spiral l9es2 a gr\p ( :i*1 ev5 9 ! lifeless sea-%ell1 we are nev] we>y1 b :i* becomes yet m delightful :5 ! ideas ( ela/icity & gr[? are jo9$ to ! sweet succession ( its involution4 ,,vii4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 to be expect$ t ei!r ! mute language ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity 7h[ev] important a "p ( ! expression ( ! build+ at ! "t ( its erection71 or ! delicate fancies ( ! ,go?ic leafage spr++ into new life1 %\ld be read1 or p]ceiv$1 by ! pass+ travell] :o has nev] be5 taught to expect any?+ 9 ar*itecture except five ord]s3 yet he c h>dly fail to be /ruck by ! simplicity & dignity ( ! great %afts !mselves2 by ! frank diffusion ( light1 :i* prev5ts _! sev]ity f becom+ oppressive2 by ! delicate =ms & lovely c>v+ ( ! pulpit & *ancel scre52 &1 above all1 by ! peculi> aspect ( ! ea/]n extremity ( ! *ur*1 :i*1 in/ead ( be+ )drawn1 z 9 lat] ca!drals1 into a *apel d$icat$ to ! ,virg91 or contribut+ by ! brilliancy ( its w9d[s to ! spl5dor ( ! alt>1 & !atrical effect ( ! c]emonies p]=m$ !re1 is a simple & /]n semicircul> recess1 fill$ b5ea? by ?ree ranks ( seats1 rais$ "o above ! o!r1 = ! bi%op & presbyt]s1 t !y might wat* z well z guide ! devotions ( ! p1 & dis*>ge lit]ally 9 ! daily s]vice ! functions ( bi%ops or ov]se]s ( ! flock ( ,god4 ,,viii4 ,let u consid] a little ea* ( ^! *>act]s 9 succession2 & fir/ 7= ( ! %afts en\gh has be5 said already71 :at is v peculi> to ?is *ur*1 its lum9\sness4 ,?is p]haps /rikes ! travell] m f its contra/ ) ! excessive gloom ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>k's2 b x is rem>kable :5 we comp>e ! ,ca!dral ( ,torcello ) any ( ! contempor>y basilicas 9 ,s\? ,italy or ,lomb>dic *ur*es 9 ! ,nor?4 ,/4 ,ambrogio at ,milan1 ,/4 ,mi*ele at ,pavia1 ,/4 ,z5o at ,v]ona1 ,/4 ,fr$iano at ,lucca1 ,/4 ,m9iato at ,flor5ce1 are all l sepul*ral cav]ns comp>$ ) ,torcello1 :]e ! slighte/ details ( ! sculptures & mosaics are visible1 ev5 :5 twilight is deep5+4 ,& !re is some?+ especially t\*+ 9 our f9d+ ! sun%9e ?us freely admitt$ into a *ur* built by m5 9 sorr[4 ,!y did n ne$ ! d>kness2 !y c\ld n p]haps be> x4 ,!re 0 fe> & depression ^u !m en\gh1 )\t a mat]ial gloom4 ,!y s\ght = com=t 9 _! religion1 = tangible hopes & promises1 n = ?reat5+s or my/]ies2 & ?\gh ! subjects *os5 = ! mosaics on ! walls are ( ! mo/ solemn "*1 !re are no artificial %ad[s ca/ ^u !m1 nor d>k colors us$ 9 !m3 all is fair & bright1 & int5d$ evid5tly to be reg>d$ 9 hopefulness1 & n ) t]ror4 ,,ix4 ,= obs]ve ?is *oice ( subjects4 ,x is inde$ possible t ! walls ( ! nave & aisles1 :i* are n[ :itewa%$1 may h be5 cov]$ ) fresco or mosaic1 & ?us h suppli$ a s]ies ( subjects1 on ! *oice ( :i* we _c speculate4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 f9d record ( ! de/ruction ( any su* works2 & ,i am r incl9$ to believe t at any rate ! c5tral division ( ! build+ 0 orig9ally decorat$1 z x is n[1 simply by mosaics repres5t+ ,*ri/1 ! ,virg91 & ! apo/les1 at "o extremity1 & ,*ri/ com+ to judgm5t at ! o!r4 ,& if s1 ,i repeat1 obs]ve ! significance ( ?is *oice4 ,mo/ o!r e>ly *ur*es are cov]$ ) imag]y suffici5tly sugge/ive ( ! vivid int]e/ ( ! build]s 9 ! hi/ory & occupations ( ! _w4 ,symbols or repres5tations ( political ev5ts1 portraits ( liv+ p]sons1 & sculptures ( satirical1 grotesque1 or trivial subjects are ( con/ant occurr5ce1 m+l$ ) ! m /rictly appo9t$ repres5tations ( scriptural or ecclesia/ical hi/ory2 b at ,torcello ev5 ^! usual1 & "o %\ld h ?\ght almo/ necess>y1 successions ( ,bible ev5ts d n appe>4 ,! m9d ( ! wor%ipp] 0 fix$ entirely ^u two great facts1 to him ! mo/ preci\s ( all facts1--! pres5t m]cy ( ,*ri/ to ,8 ,*ur*1 & ,8 future com+ to judge ! _w4 ,t ,*ri/'s m]cy 01 at ?is p]iod1 suppos$ *iefly to be atta9able ?r\gh ! plead+ ( ! ,virg91 & t !re=e b5ea? ! figure ( ! ,r$eem] is se5 t ( ! weep+ ,madonna 9 ! act ( int]cession1 may inde$ be matt] ( sorr[ to ! ,prote/ant behold]1 b ought n to bl9d him to ! e>ne/ness & s+l5ess ( ! fai? ) :i* ^! m5 s\ght _! sea-solitudes2 n 9 hope ( f\nd+ new dyna/ies1 or ent]+ ^u new epo*s ( prosp]ity1 b only to humble !mselves be=e ,god1 & to pray t 9 ,8 inf9ite m]cy ,he w\ld ha/5 ! "t :5 ! sea %\ld give up ! dead :i* 7 9 x1 & ,dea? & ,hell give up ! dead :i* 7 9 !m1 & :5 !y might ent] into ! bett] k+dom1 :]e ! wick$ cease f tr\bl+ & ! we>y are at re/4 ,x4 ,nor 7 ! /r5g? & ela/icity ( _! m9ds1 ev5 9 ! lea/ matt]s1 dim9i%$ by ?us look+ =w>d to ! close ( all ?+s4 ,on ! contr>y1 no?+ is m rem>kable ?an ! f9i% & beauty ( all ! portions ( ! build+1 :i* seem to h be5 actually execut$ = ! place !y occupy 9 ! pres5t /ructure4 ,! rude/ are ^? :i* !y br\ght ) !m f ! ma9l&2 ! be/ & mo/ beautiful1 ^? :i* appe> to h be5 c>v$ = _! isl& *ur*3 ( ^!1 ! new capitals already notic$1 & ! exquisite panel ornam5ts ( ! *ancel scre51 are ! mo/ conspicu\s2 ! latt] =m a l[ wall across ! *ur* betwe5 ! six small %afts ^: places are se5 9 ! plan1 & s]ve to enclose a space rais$ two /eps above ! level ( ! nave1 de/9$ = ! s+]s1 & indicat$ also 9 ! plan by an op5 l9e a b c d4 ,! bas-reliefs on ?is l[ scre5 are gr\ps ( peacocks & lions1 two face to face on ea* panel1 ri* & fanta/ic beyond description1 ?\gh n expressive ( v accurate k ei!r ( leon9e or pavon9e =ms4 ,& x is n until we pass to ! back ( ! /air ( ! pulpit1 :i* is connect$ ) ! nor!rn extremity ( ?is scre51 t we f9d evid5ce ( ! ha/e ) :i* ! *ur* 0 con/ruct$4 ,,xi4 ,! pulpit1 h[ev]1 is n among ! lea/ noticeable ( its features4 ,x is su/a9$ on ! f\r small deta*$ %afts m>k$ at p 9 ! plan1 betwe5 ! two pill>s at ! nor? side ( ! scre52 bo? pill>s & pulpit /udi\sly pla91 :ile ! /aircase :i* asc5ds to x is a compact mass ( masonry 7%ad$ 9 ! plan71 fac$ by c>v$ slabs ( m>ble2 ! p>apet ( ! /aircase be+ also =m$ ( solid blocks l pav+-/ones1 light5$ by ri*1 b n deep1 ext]ior c>v+4 ,n[ ^! blocks1 or at lea/ ^? :i* adorn ! /aircase t[>ds ! aisle1 h be5 br\ght f ! ma9l&2 &1 be+ ( size & %ape n easily to be adju/$ to ! proportions ( ! /air1 ! ar*itect has cut out ( !m pieces ( ! size he ne$$1 utt]ly reg>dless ( ! subject or symmetry ( ! orig9al design4 ,! pulpit is n ! only place :]e ?is r\gh proc$ure has be5 p]mitt$3 at ! lat]al door ( ! *ur* are two crosses1 cut out ( slabs ( m>ble1 =m]ly cov]$ ) ri* sculpture ov] _! :ole surfaces1 ( :i* portions are left on ! surface ( ! crosses2 ! l9es ( ! orig9al design be+1 ( c\rse1 j z arbitr>ily cut by ! incisions betwe5 ! arms1 z ! patt]ns ^u a piece ( silk :i* has be5 %ap$ anew4 ,! fact is1 t 9 all e>ly ,romanesque "w1 l>ge surfaces are cov]$ ) sculpture = ! sake ( enri*m5t only2 sculpture :i* inde$ _h always mean+1 because x 0 easi] = ! sculptor to "w ) "s *a9 ( ?\ght to guide 8 *isel1 ?an )\t any2 b x 0 n always int5d$1 or at lea/ n always hop$1 t ?is *a9 ( ?\ght might be trac$ by ! spectator4 ,all t 0 propos$ appe>s to h be5 ! enri*m5t ( surface1 s z to make x delightful to ! eye2 & ?is be+ once und]/ood1 a decorat$ piece ( m>ble became to ! ar*itect j :at a piece ( lace or embroid]y is to a dressmak]1 :o takes ( x su* portions z %e may require1 ) little reg>d to ! places :]e ! patt]ns are divid$4 ,& ?\gh x may appe>1 at fir/ sight1 t ! proc$ure is indicative ( bluntness & rud5ess ( feel+1 we may p]ceive1 ^u reflection1 t x may also indicate ! r$undance ( p[] :i* sets little price ^u its own ex]tion4 ,:5 a b>b>\s nation builds its =tress-walls out ( fragm5ts ( ! ref9$ ar*itecture x has ov]?r[n1 we c read no?+ b its savag5ess 9 ! ve/iges ( art :i* may ?us *ance to h be5 pres]v$2 b :5 ! new "w is equal1 if n sup]ior1 9 execution1 to ! pieces ( ! old] art :i* are associat$ ) x1 we may ju/ly conclude t ! r\gh treatm5t to :i* ! latt] h be5 subject$ is r a sign ( ! hope ( do+ bett] ?+s1 ?an ( want ( feel+ = ^? already accompli%$4 ,&1 9 g5]al1 ?is c>eless fitt+ ( ornam5t is1 9 v tru?1 an evid5ce ( life 9 ! s*ool ( build]s1 & ( _! mak+ a due di/9ction betwe5 "w :i* is to be us$ = ar*itectural effect1 & "w :i* is to possess an ab/ract p]fection2 & x commonly %[s also t ! ex]tion ( design is s easy to !m1 & _! f]tility s inexhau/ible1 t !y feel no remorse 9 us+ some:at injuri\sly :at !y c replace ) s slight an ef=t4 ,,xii4 ,x appe>s h[ev] que/ionable 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 :e!r1 if ! m>bles _h n be5 c>v$ to 8 h&1 ! ar*itect w\ld h tak5 ! tr\ble to enri* !m4 ,= ! execution ( ! re/ ( ! pulpit is /udi\sly simple1 & x is 9 ?is respect t its design possesses1 x seems to me1 an int]e/ to ! religi\s spectator great] ?an he w take 9 any o!r portion ( ! build+4 ,x is support$1 z ,i said1 on a gr\p ( f\r sl5d] %afts2 itself ( a slightly oval =m1 ext5d+ ne>ly f "o pill> ( ! nave to ! next1 s z to give ! prea*] free room = ! action ( ! entire p]son1 :i* always gives an unaffect$ impressiv5ess to ! eloqu5ce ( ! s\!rn nations4 ,9 ! c5tre ( its curv$ front1 a small bracket & deta*$ %aft su/a9 ! projection ( a n>r[ m>ble desk 7occupy+ ! place ( a cu%ion 9 a mod]n pulpit71 :i* is holl[$ out into a %all[ curve on ! upp] surface1 leav+ a l$ge at ! bottom ( ! slab1 s t a book laid ^u x1 or r into x1 settles itself !re1 op5+ z if by in/9ct1 b )\t ! lea/ *ance ( slipp+ to ! side1 or 9 any way mov+ b5ea? ! prea*]'s h&s4#i ,six balls1 or r almonds1 ( purple m>ble ve9$ ) :ite are set r\nd ! edge ( ! pulpit1 & =m its only decoration4 ,p]fectly graceful1 b sev]e & almo/ cold 9 its simplicity1 built = p]man5ce & s]vice1 s t no s+le memb]1 no /one ( x1 c\ld be sp>$1 & yet all are firm & un9jur$ z :5 !y 7 fir/ set toge!r1 x /&s 9 v5]able contra/ bo? ) ! fanta/ic pulpits ( m$ival ca!drals & ) ! ri* furniture ( ^? ( our mod]n *ur*es4 ,x is wor? :ile paus+ = a mom5t to consid] h[ f> ! mann] ( decorat+ a pulpit may h influ5ce on ! effici5cy ( its s]vice1 & :e!r our mod]n treatm5t ( ?is1 to u all-important1 feature ( a *ur* be ! be/ possible4 ,,xiii4 ,:5 ! s]mon is good we ne$ n mu* conc]n ourselves ab\t ! =m ( ! pulpit4 ,b s]mons _c always be good2 & ,i believe t ! temp] 9 :i* ! congregation set !mselves to li/5 may be 9 "s degree modifi$ by _! p]ception ( fitness or unfitness1 impressiv5ess or vulg>ity1 9 ! disposition ( ! place appo9t$ = ! speak]1--n to ! same degree1 b some:at 9 ! same way1 t !y may be influ5c$ by 8 own ge/ures or expression1 irrespective ( ! s5se ( :at he says4 ,i believe1 !re=e1 9 ! fir/ place1 t pulpits ought nev] to be highly decorat$2 ! speak] is apt to look mean or dim9utive if ! pulpit is ei!r on a v l>ge scale or cov]$ ) spl5did ornam5t1 & if ! int]e/ ( ! s]mon %\ld flag ! m9d is in/antly tempt$ to w&]4 ,i h obs]v$ t 9 almo/ all ca!drals1 :5 ! pulpits are peculi>ly magnific5t1 s]mons are n (t5 prea*$ f !m2 b r1 & especially if = any important purpose1 f "s tempor>y erection 9 o!r p>ts ( ! build+3 & ?\gh ?is may (t5 be done because ! ar*itect has consult$ ! effect ^u ! eye m ?an ! conv5i5ce ( ! e> 9 ! plac+ ( 8 l>g] pulpit1 ,i ?9k x also proce$s 9 "s measure f a natural dislike 9 ! prea*] to mat* himself ) ! magnific5ce ( ! ro/rum1 le/ ! s]mon %\ld n be ?\ght wor?y ( ! place4 ,yet ?is w r hold ( ! colossal sculptures1 & pyramids ( fanta/ic trac]y :i* encumb] ! pulpits ( ,flemi% & ,g]man *ur*es1 ?an ( ! delicate mosaics & ivory-l c>v+ ( ! ,romanesque basilicas1 = :5 ! =m is kept simple1 mu* lovel9ess ( color & co/l9ess ( "w may be introduc$1 & yet ! speak] n be ?r[n into ! %ade by !m4 ,,xiv4 ,b1 9 ! second place1 :atev] ornam5ts we admit ought cle>ly to be ( a *a/e1 grave1 & noble k9d2 & :at furniture we employ1 evid5tly m = ! honor+ ( ,god's ^w ?an = ! ease ( ! prea*]4 ,= !re are two ways ( reg>d+ a s]mon1 ei!r z a human composition1 or a ,div9e message4 ,if we look ^u x entirely z ! fir/1 & require our cl]gym5 to f9i% x ) _! utmo/ c>e & le>n+1 = our bett] delight :e!r ( e> or intellect1 we %all necess>ily be l$ to expect mu* =mality & /atel9ess 9 its deliv]y1 & to ?9k t all is n well if ! pulpit h n a gold5 fr+e r\nd x1 & a goodly cu%ion 9 front ( x1 & if ! s]mon be n fairly writt5 9 a black book1 to be smoo!d ^u ! cu%ion 9 a maje/ic mann] be=e beg9n+2 all ?is we %all duly come to expect3 b we %all at ! same "t consid] ! treatise ?us prep>$ z some?+ to :i* x is our duty to li/5 )\t re/lessness = half an h\r or ?ree qu>t]s1 b :i*1 :5 t duty has be5 decor\sly p]=m$1 we may dismiss f our m9ds 9 happy confid5ce ( be+ provid$ ) ano!r :5 next x %all be necess>y4 ,b if once we beg9 to reg>d ! prea*]1 :atev] 8 faults1 z a man s5t ) a message to u1 :i* x is a matt] ( life or dea? :e!r we he> or refuse2 if we look ^u him z set 9 *>ge ov] _m spirits 9 dang] ( ru91 & hav+ all[$ to him b an h\r or two 9 ! sev5 days to speak to !m2 if we make "s endeavor to conceive h[ preci\s ^! h\rs ought to be to him1 a small vantage on ! side ( ,god aft] 8 flock h be5 expos$ = six days toge!r to ! full weight ( ! _w's temptation1 & he has be5 =c$ to wat* ! ?orn & ! ?i/le spr++ 9 _! he>ts1 & to see :at :eat _h be5 scatt]$ !re snat*$ f ! wayside by ?is wild bird & ! o!r1 & at la/1 :5 brea?less & we>y ) ! week's labor !y give him ?is int]val ( imp]fect & languid he>+1 he has b ?irty m9utes to get at ! sep>ate he>ts ( a ?\s& m51 to conv9ce !m ( all _! weaknesses1 to %ame !m = all _! s9s1 to w>n !m ( all _! dang]s1 to try by ?is way & t to /ir ! h>d fa/5+s ( ^? doors :]e ! ,ma/] himself has /ood & knock$ yet none op5$1 & to call at ! op5+s ( ^? d>k /reets :]e ,wisdom h]self ha? /ret*$ =? h] h&s & no man reg>d$1--?irty m9utes to raise ! dead 91--let u b once und]/& & feel ?is1 & we %all look ) *ang$ eyes ^u t fripp]y ( gay furniture ab\t ! place f :i* ! message ( judgm5t mu/ be deliv]$1 :i* ei!r brea!s ^u ! dry bones t !y may live1 or1 if ineffectual1 rema9s record$ 9 condemnation1 p]haps aga9/ ! utt]] & li/5] alike1 b assur$ly aga9/ "o ( !m4 ,we %all n s easily be> ) ! silk & gold ^u ! seat ( judgm5t1 nor ) ornam5t ( oratory 9 ! m\? ( ! mess5g]3 we %all wi% t 8 words may be simple1 ev5 :5 !y are sweete/1 & ! place f :i* he speaks l a m>ble rock 9 ! des]t1 ab\t :i* ! p h ga!r$ 9 _! ?ir/4 ,,xv4 ,b ! sev]ity :i* is s m>k$ 9 ! pulpit at ,torcello is /ill m /rik+ 9 ! rais$ seats & episcopal ?rone :i* occupy ! curve ( ! apse4 ,! arrangem5t at fir/ some:at recalls to ! m9d t ( ! ,roman amphi!atres2 ! flight ( /eps :i* lead up to ! c5tral ?rone divides ! curve ( ! cont9u\s /eps or seats 7x appe>s 9 ! fir/ ?ree ranges que/ionable :i* 7 int5d$1 = !y seem too high = ! "o1 & too l[ & close = ! o!r71 exactly z 9 an amphi!atre ! /airs = access int]sect ! sweep+ ranges ( seats4 ,b 9 ! v rud5ess ( ?is arrangem5t1 & especially 9 ! want ( all appliances ( com=t 7= ! :ole is ( m>ble1 & ! arms ( ! c5tral ?rone are n = conv5i5ce1 b = di/9ction1 & to sep>ate x m conspicu\sly f ! undivid$ seats71 !re is a dignity :i* no furniture ( /alls nor c>v+ ( canopies ev] c\ld atta91 & well wor? ! contemplation ( ! ,prote/ant1 bo? z /]nly significative ( an episcopal au?ority :i* 9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,*ur* 0 nev] disput$1 & z dep5d5t = all its impressiv5ess on ! utt] abs5ce ( any expression ei!r ( pride or self-indulg5ce4 ,,xvi4 ,b !re is "o m circum/ance :i* we ought to rememb] z giv+ peculi> significance to ! position :i* ! episcopal ?rone occupies 9 ?is isl& *ur*1 namely1 t 9 ! m9ds ( all e>ly ,*ri/ians ! ,*ur* itself 0 mo/ frequ5tly symboliz$ "u ! image ( a %ip1 ( :i* ! bi%op 0 ! pilot4 ,consid] ! =ce :i* ?is symbol w\ld assume 9 ! imag9ations ( m5 to :om ! spiritual ,*ur* _h become an ark ( refuge 9 ! mid/ ( a de/ruction h>dly less t]rible ?an t f :i* ! eight s\ls 7 sav$ ( old1 a de/ruction 9 :i* ! wra? ( man _h become z broad z ! e>? & z m]ciless z ! sea1 & :o saw ! actual & lit]al edifice ( ! ,*ur* rais$ up1 itself l an ark 9 ! mid/ ( ! wat]s4 ,no m>vel if ) ! surf ( ! ,adriatic roll+ betwe5 !m & ! %ores ( _! bir?1 f :i* !y 7 sep>at$ = ev]1 !y %\ld h look$ ^u ea* o!r z ! disciples did :5 ! /orm came d[n on ! ,tib]ias ,lake1 & h yield$ ready & lov+ ob$i5ce to ^? :o rul$ !m 9 ,8 "n1 :o _h !re rebuk$ ! w9ds & comm&$ /illness to ! sea4 ,& if ! /rang] w\ld yet le>n 9 :at _s x 0 t ! dom9ion ( ,v5ice 0 begun1 & 9 :at /r5g? %e w5t =? conqu]+ & to conqu]1 let him n seek to e/imate ! weal? ( h] ars5als or numb] ( h] armies1 nor look ^u ! pageantry ( h] palaces1 nor ent] into ! secrets ( h] c\ncils2 b let him asc5d ! highe/ ti] ( ! /]n l$ges t sweep r\nd ! alt> ( ,torcello1 & !n1 look+ z ! pilot did ( old along ! m>ble ribs ( ! goodly temple %ip1 let him repeople its ve9$ deck ) ! %ad[s ( its dead m>9]s1 & /rive to feel 9 himself ! /r5g? ( he>t t 0 k9dl$ )9 !m1 :5 fir/1 aft] ! pill>s ( x _h settl$ 9 ! s&1 & ! ro( ( x _h be5 clos$ aga9/ ! angry sky t 0 /ill r$d5$ by ! fires ( _! home/eads1--fir/1 )9 ! %elt] ( its knitt$ walls1 amid/ ! murmur ( ! wa/e ( waves & ! beat+ ( ! w+s ( ! sea-birds r\nd ! rock t 0 /range to !m1--rose t anci5t hymn1 9 ! p[] ( _! ga!r$ voices3 ,,! ,,sea ,,is ,,81 ,,& ,,he ,,made ,,x3 ,,& ,,8 ,,h&s ,,prep>$ ,,! ,,dry ,,l&4 ,,footnotes #d ,app5dix #d1 ,date ( ! ,duomo ( ,torcello4 #e ,= a full acc\nt ( ! =m & symbolical mean+ ( ! ,basilica1 see ,"l ,l9dsay's ,*ri/ian ,art1 vol4 i4 p4 #ab4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ! ,*evali] ,buns5's "w on ! ,basilicas ( ,rome is n translat$ into ,engli%4 #f ,! measures are giv5 9 ,app5dix #c4 #g ,hope's ,hi/orical ,essay on ,ar*itecture 7?ird edition1 #ahdj71 *ap4 ix4 p4 #ie4 ,9 o!r respects ,mr4 ,hope has done ju/ice to ?is build+1 & to ! /yle ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian *ur*es 9 g5]al4 #h ,a sket* has be5 giv5 ( ?is capital 9 my folio "w4 #i ,app5dix #e1 ,mod]n ,pulpits4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,murano4 ,i4 ,! decay ( ! city ( ,v5ice is1 9 _m respects1 l t ( an outwe>i$ & ag$ human frame2 ! cause ( its decrepitude is inde$ at ! he>t1 b ! outw>d appe>ances ( x are fir/ at ! extremities4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! city !re are /ill places :]e "s evid5ce ( vitality rema9s1 & :]e1 ) k9d clos+ ( ! eyes to signs1 too manife/ ev5 !re1 ( di/ress & decl9+ =tune1 ! /rang] may succe$ 9 imag9+1 = a little :ile1 :at mu/ h be5 ! aspect ( ,v5ice 9 h] prime4 ,b ?is l+]+ pulsation has n =ce en\gh any m to p5etrate into ! suburbs & outskirts ( ! city2 ! fro/ ( dea? has !re seiz$ ^u x irrevocably1 & ! grasp ( mortal disease is m>k$ daily by ! increas+ bread? ( its belt ( ru94 ,n[h]e is ?is se5 m griev\sly ?an along ! great nor?-ea/]n b\nd>y1 once occupi$ by ! small] palaces ( ! ,v5etians1 built = pleasure or repose2 ! nobl] piles along ! gr& canal be+ res]v$ = ! pomp & bus9ess ( daily life4 ,to su* small] palaces "s g>d5 gr\nd 0 commonly atta*$1 op5+ to ! wat]-side2 &1 9 front ( ^! villas & g>d5s1 ! lagoon 0 wont to be cov]$ 9 ! ev5+ by gondolas3 ! space ( x betwe5 ?is "p ( ! city & ! isl& gr\p ( ,murano be+ to ,v5ice1 9 h] "t ( p[]1 :at its p>ks are to ,london2 only gondolas 7 us$ in/ead ( c>riages1 & ! cr[d ( ! population did n come out till t[>ds sunset1 & prolong$ _! pleasures f> into ! night1 company answ]+ to company ) alt]nate s++4 ,,ii4 ,if1 kn[+ ?is cu/om ( ! ,v5etians1 & ) a vision 9 8 m9d ( summ] palaces l9+ ! %ore1 & myrtle g>d5s slop+ to ! sea1 ! travell] n[ seeks ?is suburb ( ,v5ice1 he w be /rangely & sadly surpris$ to f9d a new b p]fectly desolate quay1 ab\t a mile 9 l5g?1 ext5d+ f ! ars5al to ! ,sacca della ,mis]icordia1 9 front ( a l9e ( mis]able h\ses built 9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ sixty or eighty ye>s1 yet already tott]+ to _! ru92 & n less to f9d t ! pr9cipal object 9 ! view :i* ^! h\ses 7built p>tly 9 front & p>tly on ! ru9s ( ! anci5t palaces7 n[ comm& is a dead brick wall1 ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile across ! wat]1 int]rupt$ only by a k9d ( :ite lodge1 ! *e]fulness ( :i* prospect is n enhanc$ by 8 f9d+ t ?is wall encloses ! pr9cipal public cemet]y ( ,v5ice4 ,he may1 p]haps1 m>vel = a few mom5ts at ! s+ul> ta/e ( ! old ,v5etians 9 tak+ _! pleasure "u a *ur*y>d wall3 b1 on fur!r inquiry1 he w f9d t ! build+ on ! isl&1 l ^? on ! %ore1 is rec5t1 t x /&s on ! ru9s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,cri/(oro della ,pace2 & t ) a s+ul>1 because un9t5d$1 moral1 ! mod]n ,v5etians h replac$ ! ,peace ( ! ,*ri/-be>] by ! ,peace ( ,dea?1 & :]e !y once w5t1 z ! sun set daily1 to _! pleasure1 n[ g1 z ! sun sets to ea* ( !m = ev]1 to _! graves4 ,,iii4 ,yet ! p[] ( ,nature _c be %ort5$ by ! folly1 nor h] beauty altoge!r sadd5$ by ! mis]y1 ( man4 ,! broad tides /ill ebb & fl[ brightly ab\t ! isl& ( ! dead1 & ! l9k$ conclave ( ! ,alps "k no decl9e f _! old pre-em95ce1 nor /oop f _! gold5 ?rones 9 ! circle ( ! horizon4 ,s lovely is ! sc5e /ill1 9 spite ( all its injuries1 t we %all f9d ourselves drawn !re aga9 & aga9 at ev5+ out ( ! n>r[ canals & /reets ( ! city1 to wat* ! wrea?s ( ! sea-mi/s weav+ !mselves l m\rn+ veils ar\nd ! m\nta9s f> away1 & li/5 to ! gre5 waves z !y fret & sigh along ! cemet]y %ore4 ,,iv4 ,b x is morn+ n[3 we h a h>d day's "w to d at ,murano1 & our boat %oots swiftly f b5ea? ! la/ bridge ( ,v5ice1 & br+s u out into ! op5 sea & sky4 ,! pure cumuli ( cl\d lie cr[d$ & lean+ aga9/ "o ano!r1 rank beyond rank1 f> ov] ! %9+ wat]1 ea* cut away at its f\ndation by a level l9e1 tr5*ant & cle>1 till !y s9k to ! horizon l a flight ( m>ble /eps1 except :]e ! m\nta9s meet !m1 & are lo/ 9 !m1 b>r$ across by ! grey t]races ( ^? cl\d f\ndations1 & r$uc$ into "o cre/less bank ( blue1 spott$ "h & !re ) /range flakes ( wan1 a]ial1 gre5i% light1 /rew$ ^u !m l sn[4 ,& und]nea? is ! long d>k l9e ( ! ma9l&1 fr+$ ) l[ trees2 & !n ! wide-wav+ surface ( ! burni%$ lagoon trembl+ sl[ly1 & %ak+ out into =k$ b&s ( l5g!n+ light ! images ( ! t[]s ( cl\d above4 ,to ! nor?1 !re is fir/ ! great cemet]y wall1 !n ! long /ray build+s ( ,murano1 & ! isl& villages beyond1 glitt]+ 9 int5se cry/all9e v]milion1 l s mu* jewell]y scatt]$ on a mirror1 _! t[]s pois$ app>5tly 9 ! air a little above ! horizon1 & _! reflections1 z %>p & vivid & sub/antial z !mselves1 ?r[n on ! vacancy betwe5 !m & ! sea4 ,& ?us ! villages seem /&+ on ! air2 &1 to ! ea/1 !re is a clu/] ( %ips t seem sail+ on ! l&2 = ! s&y l9e ( ! ,lido /ret*es itself betwe5 u & !m1 & we c see ! tall :ite sails mov+ beyond x1 b n ! sea1 only !re is a s5se ( ! great sea be+ inde$ !re1 & a solemn /r5g? ( gleam+ light 9 sky above4 ,v4 ,! mo/ discordant feature 9 ! :ole sc5e is ! cl\d :i* hov]s above ! glass furnaces ( ,murano2 b ?is we may n regret1 z x is "o ( ! la/ signs left ( human ex]tion among ! ru9\s villages :i* surr\nd u4 ,! sil5t glid+ ( ! gondola br+s x ne>] to u e mom5t2 we pass ! cemet]y1 & a deep sea-*annel :i* sep>ates x f ,murano1 & f9ally ent] a n>r[ wat]-/reet1 ) a pav$ footpa? on ea* side1 rais$ ?ree or f\r feet above ! canal1 & =m+ a k9d ( quay betwe5 ! wat] & ! doors ( ! h\ses4 ,^! latt] are1 = ! mo/ "p1 l[1 b built ) massy doors & w9d[s ( m>ble or ,i/rian /one1 squ>e-set & b>r$ ) iron2 build+s evid5tly once ( no mean ord]1 ?\gh n[ inhabit$ only by ! poor4 ,"h & !re an ogee w9d[ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 or a doorway deeply enri*$ ) cable m\ld+s1 %[s itself 9 ! mid/ ( m ord9>y features2 & sev]al h\ses1 consi/+ ( "o /ory only c>ri$ on squ>e pill>s1 =m+ a %ort arcade along ! quay1 h w9d[s su/a9$ on %afts ( r$ ,v]ona m>ble1 ( s+ul> grace & delicacy4 ,all n[ 9 va93 little c>e is !re = _! delicacy or grace among ! r\gh fi%]m5 saunt]+ on ! quay ) _! jackets hang+ loose f _! %\ld]s1 jacket & cap & hair all ( ! same d>k-gre5i% sea-grey4 ,b !re is "s life 9 ! sc5e1 m ?an is usual 9 ,v5ice3 ! wom5 are sitt+ at _! doors knitt+ busily1 & v>i\s workm5 ( ! glass-h\ses sift+ glass du/ ^u ! pavem5t1 & /range cries com+ f "o side ( ! canal to ! o!r1 & r++ f> along ! cr[d$ wat]1 f v5d]s ( figs & grapes1 & g\rds & %ell-fi%2 cries p>tly descriptive ( ! eatables 9 "q1 b int]sp]s$ ) o!rs ( a "* un9telligible 9 proportion to _! viol5ce1 & =tunately s if we may judge by a s5t5ce :i* is /5cill$ 9 black1 )9 a g>l&1 on ! :itewa%$ walls ( ne>ly e o!r h\se 9 ! /reet1 b :i*1 h[ (t5 soev] writt51 no "o seems to reg>d3 ,be/emme non pi4 ,lodate ,ges4 ,,vi4 ,we pu% our way on betwe5 l>ge b>ges lad5 ) fre% wat] f ,fus9a1 9 r\nd :ite tubs sev5 feet across1 & complicat$ boats full ( all mann] ( nets t look z if !y c\ld nev] be dis5tangl$1 hang+ f _! ma/s & ov] _! sides2 & pres5tly pass "u a bridge ) ! lion ( ,/4 ,m>k on its ar*ivolt1 & ano!r on a pill> at ! end ( ! p>apet1 a small r$ lion ) mu* ( ! puppy 9 8 face1 look+ vacantly up into ! air 79 pass+ we may note t1 in/ead ( fea!rs1 8 w+s are cov]$ ) hair1 & 9 sev]al o!r po9ts ! mann] ( 8 sculpture is n un9t]e/+74 ,pres5tly ! canal turns a little to ! left1 & !reupon becomes m quiet1 ! ma9 bu/le ( ! wat]-/reet be+ usually conf9$ to ! fir/ /raight rea* ( x1 "s qu>t] ( a mile long1 ! ,*eapside ( ,murano4 ,we pass a consid]able *ur* on ! left1 ,/4 ,pietro1 & a little squ>e opposite to x ) a few acacia trees1 & !n f9d our boat sudd5ly seiz$ by a /rong gre5 eddy1 & :irl$ into ! tide-way ( "o ( ! ma9 *annels ( ! lagoon1 :i* divides ! t[n ( ,murano into two p>ts by a deep /ream "s fifty y>ds ov]1 cross$ only by "o wood5 bridge4 ,we let ourselves drift "s way d[n ! curr5t1 look+ at ! l[ l9e ( cottages on ! o!r side ( x1 h>dly kn[+ if !re be m *e]fulness or melan*oly 9 ! way ! sun%9e gl[s on _! ru9\s b :itewa%$ walls1 & sp>kles on ! ru%+ ( ! gre5 wat] by ! grass-gr[n quay4 ,x ne$s a /rong /roke ( ! o> to br+ u into ! m\? ( ano!r quiet canal on ! f>!r side ( ! tide-way1 & we are /ill some:at giddy :5 we run ! head ( ! gondola into ! s& on ! left-h& side ( ?is m sluggi% /ream1 & l& "u ! ea/ end ( ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,donato1 ! ,matrice or ,"m ,*ur* ( ,murano4 ,,vii4 ,x /&s1 x & ! heavy campanile deta*$ f x a few y>ds1 9 a small triangul> field ( some:at fre%] grass ?an is usual ne> ,v5ice1 trav]s$ by a pav$ walk ) gre5 mosaic ( %ort grass betwe5 ! rude squ>es ( its /ones1 b\nd$ on "o side by ru9\s g>d5 walls1 on ano!r by a l9e ( l[ cottages1 on ! ?ird1 ! base ( ! triangle1 by ! %all[ canal f :i* we h j l&$4 ,ne> ! po9t ( ! triangul> space is a simple well1 be>+ date #aejb2 9 its wide/ "p1 betwe5 ! canal & campanile1 is a f\r-squ>e holl[ pill>1 ea* side =m$ by a sep>ate slab ( /one1 to :i* ! iron hasps are /ill atta*$ t once secur$ ! ,v5etian /&>d4 ,! ca!dral itself occupies ! nor!rn angle ( ! field1 encumb]$ ) mod]n build+s1 small ou?\se-l *apels1 & wa/es ( :ite wall ) blank squ>e w9d[s1 & itself utt]ly defac$ 9 ! :ole body ( x1 no?+ b ! apse hav+ be5 sp>$2 ! orig9al plan is only discov]able by c>eful exam9ation1 & ev5 !n b p>tially4 ,! :ole impression & effect ( ! build+ are irretrievably lo/1 b ! fragm5ts ( x are /ill mo/ preci\s4 ,we mu/ fir/ briefly /ate :at is kn[n ( its hi/ory4 ,,viii4 ,! leg5ds ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*1 ?\gh g5]ally m insipid & less v>i$ ?an ^? ( ,paganism1 des]ve audi5ce f u on ?is gr\nd1 if on no o!r1 t !y h once be5 s9c]ely believ$ by good m51 & h _h no ineffective ag5cy 9 ! f\ndation ( ! exi/5t ,european m9d4 ,! read] mu/ n !re=e accuse me ( trifl+1 :5 ,i record = him ! fir/ piece ( in=mation ,i h be5 able to collect respect+ ! ca!dral ( ,murano3 namely1 t ! emp]or ,o?o ! ,great1 be+ ov]tak5 by a /orm on ! ,adriatic1 v[$1 if he 7 pres]v$1 to build & d$icate a *ur* to ! ,virg91 9 :atev] place might be mo/ pleas+ to h]2 t ! /orm !reupon abat$2 & ! ,virg9 appe>+ to ,o?o 9 a dream %[$ him1 cov]$ ) r$ lilies1 t v triangul> field on :i* we 7 b n[ /&+1 amid/ ! ragg$ we$s & %att]$ pavem5t4 ,! emp]or obey$ ! vision2 & ! *ur* 0 consecrat$ on ! #ae? ( ,augu/1 #ieg4 ,,ix4 ,:atev] degree ( cr$5ce we may feel dispos$ to atta* to ?is piece ( hi/ory1 !re is no "q t a *ur* 0 built on ?is spot be=e ! close ( ! t5? c5tury3 s9ce 9 ! ye> #iii we f9d ! incumb5t ( ! ,basilica 7note ?is ^w1 x is ( "s importance7 di ,santa ,m>ia ,plebania di ,murano tak+ an oa? ( ob$i5ce to ! ,bi%op ( ! ,alt9at *ur*1 & engag+ at ! same "t to give ! said bi%op 8 d9n] on ! ,dom5ica 9 ,albis1 :5 ! prelate held a confirmation 9 ! "m *ur*1 z x 0 !n commonly call$1 ( ,murano4 ,f ?is p]iod1 = m ?an a c5tury1 ,i c f9d no records ( any alt]ations made 9 ! fabric ( ! *ur*1 b !re exi/ v full details ( ! qu>rels :i* arose betwe5 its incumb5ts & ^? ( ,san ,/efano1 ,san ,cipriano1 ,san ,salvatore1 & ! o!r *ur*es ( ,murano1 t\*+ ! due ob$i5ce :i* _! less num]\s or less anci5t bro!rhoods ow$ to ,/4 ,m>y's4 ,^! diff]5ces seem to h be5 r5ew$ at ! election ( e new abbot by ea* ( ! frat]nities1 & mu/ h be5 gr[+ s]i\s :5 ! patri>* ( ,grado1 ,h5ry ,d&olo1 int]f]$ 9 #aajb1 &1 9 ord] to seal a peace betwe5 ! two pr9cipal oppon5ts1 ord]$ t ! abbot ( ,/4 ,/eph5's %\ld be pres5t at ! s]vice 9 ,/4 ,m>y's on ! night ( ! ,epiphany1 & t ! abbot ( ,/4 ,m>y's %\ld visit him ( ,/4 ,/eph5's on ,/4 ,/eph5's day2 & t !n ! two abbots %\ld eat apples & dr9k good w9e toge!r1 9 peace & *>ity4#aj ,x4 ,b ev5 ?is k9dly ef=t seems to h be5 )\t result3 ! irritat$ pride ( ! antagoni/s rema9$ unsoo!d by ! love-fea/ ( ,/4 ,/eph5's day2 & ! brea* cont9u$ to wid5 until ! abbot ( ,/4 ,m>y's obta9$ a timely accession to 8 au?ority 9 ! ye> #aabe4 ,! ,doge ,dom5ico ,mi*ele1 hav+ 9 ! second crusade secur$ su* sub/antial advantages = ! ,v5etians z might well c\nt]balance ! loss ( "p ( _! trade ) ! ,ea/1 cr[n$ 8 successes by obta9+ possession 9 ,cephalonia ( ! body ( ,/4 ,donato1 bi%op ( ,euroea2 :i* treasure he hav+ pres5t$ on 8 return to ! ,murano basilica1 t *ur* 0 !nce=w>d call$ ! *ur* ( ,/s4 ,m>y & ,donato4 ,nor 0 ! body ( ! sa9t its only acquisition3 ,/4 ,donato's pr9cipal a*ievem5t _h be5 ! de/ruction ( a t]rible dragon 9 ,epirus2 ,mi*ele br\ght home ! bones ( ! dragon z well z ( ! sa9t2 ! latt] 7 put 9 a m>ble s>cophagus1 & ! =m] hung up ov] ! high alt>4 ,,xi4 ,b ! cl]gy ( ,/4 ,/efano 7 indomitable4 ,at ! v mom5t :5 _! adv]s>ies _h receiv$ ?is =midable accession ( /r5g?1 !y _h ! audacity ad onta de' replicati giuram5ti1 e dell'invet]ata consuetud9e1#aa to refuse to cont9ue 9 ! ob$i5ce :i* !y _h v[$ to _! "m *ur*4 ,! matt] 0 tri$ 9 a prov9cial c\ncil2 ! vot>ies ( ,/4 ,/eph5 7 condemn$1 & rema9$ quiet = ab\t tw5ty ye>s1 9 :olesome dread ( ! au?ority conf]r$ on ! abbot ( ,/4 ,donate1 by ! ,pope's legate1 to susp5d any o ! cl]gy ( ! isl& f _! (fice if !y refus$ submission4 ,9 #aagb1 h[ev]1 !y appeal$ to ,pope ,alex&] ,,iii1 & 7 condemn$ aga93 & we f9d ! /ruggle r5ew$ at e promis+ opportunity1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! #ab? & #ac? c5turies2 until at la/1 f9d+ ,/4 ,donate & ! dragon toge!r too /rong = him1 ! abbot ( ,/4 ,/efano discov]$ 9 8 *ur* ! bodies ( two hundr$ m>tyrs at once6--a discov]y1 x is to be rememb]$1 9 "s sort equival5t 9 ^? days to t ( ,cali=nia 9 ours4 ,! inscription1 h[ev]1 on ! faade ( ! *ur*1 record$ x ) quiet dignity3--,,mccclxxiv4 a di ,,xiv4 di ,aprile4 ,furono trovati nella pres5te *iesa del protom>tire ,san ,/efano1 duec5to e pi corpi de' ,santi ,m>tiri1 dal ,v54 ,prete ,matteo ,fradello1 piovano della *iesa4#ab ,corn]1 :o gives ?is inscription1 :i* no long] exi/s1 goes on to expla9 ) inf9ite gravity1 t ! bodies 9 "q1 be+ ( infantile =m & /ature1 are report$ by tradition to h belong$ to ^? =tunate innoc5ts :o suff]$ m>tyrdom "u ,k+ ,h]od2 b t :51 or by :om1 ! *ur* 0 enri*$ ) s va/ a treasure1 is n manife/$ by any docum5t4#ac ,,xii4 ,! issue ( ! /ruggle is n to our pres5t purpose4 ,we h already arriv$ at ! f\rte5? c5tury )\t f9d+ record ( any ef=t made by ! cl]gy ( ,/4 ,m>y's to ma9ta9 _! influ5ce by re/or+ or beautify+ _! basilica2 :i* is ! only po9t at pres5t ( importance to u4 ,t great alt]ations 7 made 9 x at ! "t ( ! acquisition ( ! body ( ,/4 ,donato is h[ev] highly probable1 ! mosaic pavem5t ( ! int]ior1 :i* be>s its date inscrib$1 #aadj1 be+ probably ! la/ ( ! additions4 ,i believe t no "p ( ! anci5t *ur* c be %[n to be ( m rec5t date ?an ?is2 & ,i %all n occupy ! read]'s "t by any inquiry respect+ ! epo*s or au?ors ( ! de/ructive mod]n re/orations2 ! wreck ( ! old fabric1 break+ out b5ea? !m "h & !re1 is g5]ally di/+ui%able f !m at a glance2 & x is en\gh = ! read] to "k t none ( ^! truly anci5t fragm5ts c be assign$ to a m rec5t date ?an #aadj1 & t "s ( !m may ) probability be look$ ^u z rema9s ( ! %ell ( ! fir/ *ur*1 erect$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! latt] half ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,we %all p]haps obta9 "s fur!r reason = ?is belief z we exam9e ^! rema9s !mselves4 ,,xiii4 ,( ! body ( ! *ur*1 unhappily1 !y are few & obscure2 b ! g5]al =m & ext5t ( ! build+1 z %[n 9 ! plan1 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #b1 are det]m9$1 fir/1 by ! bread? ( ! un9jur$ ea/ end ,d ,e2 secondly1 by "s rema9s ( ! orig9al brickwork ( ! cl]e/ory1 & 9 all probability ( ! side walls also1 ?\gh ^! h be5 refac$2 & f9ally by ! s]ies ( nave %afts1 :i* are /ill p]fect4 ,! doors ,a & ,b may or may n be 9 _! orig9al positions2 !re mu/ ( c\rse h be5 always1 z n[1 a pr9cipal entrance at ! we/ end4 ,! gr\nd plan is compos$1 l t ( ,torcello1 ( nave & aisles only1 b ! cl]e/ory has transepts ext5d+ z f> z ! out] wall ( ! aisles4 ,! semicircul> apse1 ?r[n out 9 ! c5tre ( ! ea/ end1 is n[ ! *ief feature ( int]e/ 9 ! *ur*1 ?\gh ! nave %afts & ! ea/]n extremities ( ! aisles1 outside1 are also portions ( ! orig9al build+2 ! latt] hav+ be5 mod]niz$ 9 ! int]ior1 x _c n[ be asc]ta9$ :e!r1 z is probable1 ! aisles _h once r\nd ends z well z ! *oir4 ,! spaces ,f ,g =m small *apels1 ( :i* ,g has a /raight t]m9al wall beh9d its alt>1 & ,f a curv$ "o1 m>k$ by ! dott$ l9e2 ! p>titions :i* divide ^! *apels f ! presbyt]y are also indicat$ by dott$ l9es1 be+ mod]n "w4 ,,xiv4 ,! plan is drawn c>efully to scale1 b ! relation 9 :i* its proportions are dispos$ c h>dly be appreciat$ by ! eye4 ,! wid? ( ! nave f %aft to opposite %aft is #cb feet #h in*es3 ( ! aisles1 f ! %aft to ! wall1 #af feet #b in*es1 or all[+ #b in*es = ! ?ickness ( ! mod]n wa9scot1 #af feet #d in*es1 half ! bread? ( ! nave exactly4 ,! int]vals betwe5 ! %afts are exactly "o f\r? ( ! wid? ( ! nave1 or #h feet #b in*es1 & ! di/ance betwe5 ! great pi]s :i* =m ! pseudo-transept is #bd feet #f in*es1 exactly ?ree times ! int]val ( ! %afts4 ,s ! f\r di/ances are accurately 9 ari?metical proportion2 i4e4 ,ft4 ,94 ,int]val ( %afts #h #b ,wid? ( aisle #af #d ,wid? ( transept #bd #f ,wid? ( nave #cb #h ,! %afts av]age #e feet #d in*es 9 circumf]5ce1 z ne> ! base z !y c be got at1 be+ cov]$ ) wood2 & ! broade/ sides ( ! ma9 pi]s are #d feet #g in*es wide1 _! n>r[e/ sides #c feet #f in*es4 ,! di/ance a c f ! outmo/ angle ( ^! pi]s to ! beg9n+ ( ! curve ( ! apse is #be feet1 & f t po9t ! apse is ne>ly semicircul>1 b x is s encumb]$ ) r5aissance fitt+s t its =m _c be asc]ta9$ ) p]fect accuracy4 ,x is ro($ by a con*a1 or semi-dome2 & ! ext]nal arrangem5t ( its walls provides = ! security ( ?is dome by :at is1 9 fact1 a sy/em ( buttresses z effective & def9ite z t ( any ( ! nor!rn *ur*es1 al?\gh ! buttresses are obta9$ entirely by adaptations ( ! ,roman %aft & ar*1 ! l[] /ory be+ =m$ by a ?ick mass ( wall light5$ by ord9>y semicircul> r\nd-head$ ni*es1 l ^? us$ s ext5sively aft]w>ds 9 r5aissance ar*itecture1 ea* ni*e flank$ by a pair ( %afts /&+ cle> ( ! wall1 & be>+ deeply m\ld$ ar*es ?r[n ov] ! ni*e4 ,! wall ) its pill>s ?us =ms a s]ies ( massy buttresses 7z se5 9 ! gr\nd plan71 on ! top ( :i* is an op5 gall]y1 back$ by a ?9n] wall1 & ro($ by ar*es ^: %afts are set above ! pairs ( %afts bel[4 ,on ! heads ( ^! ar*es re/s ! ro(4 ,we h1 !re=e1 ext]nally a heptagonal apse1 *iefly ( r\gh & common brick1 only ) m>ble %afts & a few m>ble ornam5ts2 b = t v reason all ! m int]e/+1 because x %[s u :at may be done1 & :at 0 done1 ) mat]ials su* z are n[ at our own comm&2 & because 9 its proportions1 & 9 ! use ( ! few ornam5ts x possesses1 x displays a delicacy ( feel+ r5d]$ d\bly notable by ! r\ghness ( ! "w 9 :i* laws s subtle are obs]v$1 & ) :i* s ?\ghtful ornam5tation is associat$4 ,,xv4 ,fir/1 = its proportions3 ,i %all h occasion 9 ,*apt] ,v4 to dwell at "s l5g? on ! peculi> subtlety ( ! e>ly ,v5etian p]ception = ratios ( magnitude2 ! relations ( ! sides ( ?is heptagonal apse supply "o ( ! fir/ & mo/ curi\s in/ances ( x4 ,! proportions above giv5 ( ! nave & aisles might h be5 dictat$ by a m]e love ( ma!matical precision2 b ^? ( ! apse c\ld only h result$ f a true love ( h>mony4 ,9 fig4 #f1 ,plate ,i4 ! plan ( ?is "p ( ! *ur* is giv5 on a l>ge scale1 %[+ t its sev5 ext]nal sides are arrang$ on a l9e less ?an a semicircle1 s t if ! figure 7 complet$1 x w\ld h sixte5 sides2 & x w be obs]v$ also1 t ! sev5 sides are arrang$ 9 f\r magnitudes1 ! wide/ be+ ! c5tral "o4 ,! brickwork is s mu* worn away1 t ! measures ( ! ar*es are n easily asc]ta9able1 b ^? ( ! pl9? on :i* !y /&1 :i* is ne>ly un9jur$1 may be obta9$ accurately4 ,?is pl9? is indicat$ by ! op5 l9e 9 ! gr\nd plan1 & its sides measure respectively3 ,ft4 ,94 #a/4 a b 9 plan #f #g #bnd4 b c #g #g #crd4 c d #g #e #d?4 d e 7c5tral7 #g #aj #e?4 e f #g #e #f? f g #g #h #g?4 g h #f #aj ,,xvi4 ,n[ obs]ve :at subtle feel+ is indicat$ by ?is delicacy ( proportion4 ,h[ f9e mu/ ! p]ceptions ( grace h be5 9 ^? build]s :o c\ld n be cont5t )\t "s *ange betwe5 ! second & ?ird1 ! fif? & six? t]ms ( proportion1 su* z %\ld oppose ! g5]al direction ( its cad5ce1 & yet 7 cont5t ) a dim9ution ( two in*es on a bread? ( sev5 feet & a half6 ,= ,i d n suppose t ! read] w ?9k ! curi\s less5+ ( ! ?ird & fif? ar* a matt] ( accid5t1 & ev5 if he did s1 ,i %all be able to prove to him h]eaft] t x 0 n1 b t ! e>ly build]s 7 always desir\s ( obta9+ "s alt]nate proportion ( ?is k9d4 ,! relations ( ! numb]s are n easily compreh5d$ 9 ! =m ( feet & in*es1 b if we r$uce ! fir/ f\r ( !m into in*es1 & !n subtract "s con/ant numb]1 suppose #ge1 f !m all1 ! rema9d]s #d1 #af1 #ad1 #ai1 w exhibit ! ratio ( proportion 9 a cle>]1 ?\gh exagg]at$ =m4 ,,xvii4 ,! pairs ( circul> spots at b1 c1 d1 etc41 on ! gr\nd plan fig4 #f1 repres5t ! be>+ %afts1 :i* are all ( solid m>ble z well z _! capitals4 ,_! measures & v>i\s o!r p>ticul>s respect+ !m are giv5 9 ,app5dix #f4 ,apse ( ,murano2 "h ,i only wi% ! read] to note ! color+ ( _! capitals4 ,^? ( ! two s+le %afts 9 ! angles 7a1 h7 are bo? ( deep purple m>ble2 ! two next pairs1 b & g1 are ( :ite m>ble2 ! pairs c & f are ( purple1 & d & e are ( :ite3 ?us alt]nat+ ) ea* o!r on ea* side2 two :ite meet+ 9 ! c5tre4 ,n[ obs]ve1 ! purple capitals are all left pla92 ! :ite are all sculptur$4 ,= ! old build]s knew t by c>v+ ! purple capitals !y w\ld h injur$ !m 9 two ways3 fir/1 !y w\ld h mix$ a c]ta9 quantity ( grey %ad[ ) ! surface hue1 & s adult]at$ ! purity ( ! color2 secondly1 !y w\ld h drawn away ! ?\ghts f ! color1 & prev5t$ ! m9d f fix+ ^u x or enjoy+ x1 by ! degree ( att5tion :i* ! sculpture w\ld h requir$4 ,s !y left _! purple capitals full broad masses ( color2 & sculptur$ ! :ite ones1 :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 devoid ( int]e/4 ,,xviii4 ,b ! feature :i* is mo/ to be not$ 9 ?is apse is a b& ( ornam5t1 :i* runs r\nd x l a silv] girdle1 compos$ ( %>p w$ges ( m>ble1 preci\sly inlaid1 & set l jewels into ! brickwork2 above x !re is ano!r b& ( triangul> recesses 9 ! bricks1 ( ne>ly simil> %ape1 & x seems equally /range t all ! m>bles %\ld h fall5 f x1 or t x %\ld h be5 orig9ally de/itute ( !m4 ,! read] may *oose 8 hypo!sis2 b !re is q en\gh left to int]e/ u 9 ! l[] b&1 :i* is =tunately left 9 its orig9al /ate1 z is suffici5tly prov$ by ! curi\s niceties 9 ! arrangem5t ( its colors1 :i* are assur$ly to be attribut$ to ! c>e ( ! fir/ build]4 ,a ^w or two1 9 ! fir/ place1 respect+ ! means ( color at 8 disposal4 ,,xix4 ,i /at$ t ! build+ 01 = ! mo/ "p1 compos$ ( yell[ brick4 ,?is yell[ is v ne>ly pure1 mu* m positive & some:at d>k] ?an t ( our ,engli% light brick1 & ! mat]ial ( ! brick is v good & h>d1 look+1 9 places1 almo/ vitrifi$1 & s compact z to resemble /one4 ,toge!r ) ?is brick occurs ano!r ( a deep full r$1 & m por\s sub/ance1 :i* is us$ = decoration *iefly1 :ile all ! p>ts requir+ /r5g? are compos$ ( ! yell[ brick4 ,bo? ^! mat]ials are ca/ into any %ape & size ! build] requir$1 ei!r into curv$ pieces = ! ar*es1 or flat tiles = fill+ ! triangles2 &1 :at is /ill m curi\s1 ! ?ickness ( ! yell[ bricks us$ = ! walls v>ies consid]ably1 f two in*es to f\r2 & _! l5g? also1 "s ( ! l>g] pieces us$ 9 important positions be+ a foot & a half long4 ,) ^! two k9ds ( brick1 ! build] employ$ five or six k9ds ( m>ble3 pure :ite1 & :ite ve9$ ) purple2 a brecciat$ m>ble ( :ite & black2 a brecciat$ m>ble ( :ite & deep gre52 ano!r1 deep r$1 or ne>ly ( ! color ( ,egyptian porphyry2 & a grey & black m>ble1 9 f9e lay]s4 ,,xx4 ,! me?od ( employ+ ^! mat]ials w be und]/ood at once by a ref]5ce to ! opposite plate 7,plate ,,iii471 :i* repres5ts two portions ( ! l[] b&4 ,i c\ld n succe$ 9 express+ ! v>iation & *equ]+ ( color 9 m>ble1 by real t9ts 9 ! pr9t2 & h be5 cont5t1 !re=e1 to give !m 9 l9e engrav+4 ,! diff]5t triangles are1 altoge!r1 ( t5 k9ds3 a4 ,pure :ite m>ble ) sculptur$ surface 7z ! ?ird & fif? 9 ! upp] s]ies ( ,plate ,,iii474 b4 ,ca/ triangle ( r$ brick ) a sculptur$ r\nd-head$ piece ( :ite m>ble inlaid 7z ! fir/ & sev5? ( ! upp] s]ies1 ,plate ,,iii474 c4 ,a pla9 triangle ( gre5i% black m>ble1 n[ p]haps consid]ably pal] 9 color ?an :5 fir/ employ$ 7z ! second & six? ( ! upp] s]ies ( ,plate ,,iii474 d4 ,ca/ r$ brick triangle1 ) a diamond inlaid ( ! above-m5tion$ black m>ble 7z ! f\r? 9 ! upp] s]ies ( ,plate ,,iii474 e4 ,ca/ :ite brick1 ) an inlaid r\nd-head$ piece ( m>ble1 v>iegat$ ) black & yell[1 or :ite & violet 7n se5 9 ! plate74 f4 ,occurs only once1 a gre5-ve9$ m>ble1 =m+ ! upp] "p ( ! triangle1 ) a :ite piece bel[4 g4 ,occurs only once4 ,a brecciat$ m>ble ( int5se black & pure :ite1 ! c5tre ( ! l[] range 9 ,plate ,,iii4 h4 ,sculptur$ :ite m>ble ) a triangle ( ve9$ purple m>ble ins]t$ 7z ! fir/1 ?ird1 fif?1 & sev5? ( ! l[] range 9 ,plate ,,iii474 i4 ,yell[ or :ite m>ble ve9$ ) purple 7z ! second & six? ( ! l[] range 9 ,plate ,,iii474 k4 ,pure purple m>ble1 n se5 9 ?is plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iii4 ,,inlaid ,,b&s ,,( ,,murano4 ,,xxi4 ,! b&1 !n1 compos$ ( ^! triangles1 set close to ea* o!r 9 v>i$ b n irregul> relations1 is ?r[n1 l a necklace ( preci\s /ones1 r\nd ! apse & along ! ends ( ! aisles2 ea* side ( ! apse tak+1 ( c\rse1 z _m triangles z its wid? p]mits4 ,if ! read] w look back to ! measures ( ! sides ( ! apse1 giv5 be=e1 p4 #db1 he w see t ! fir/ & sev5? ( ! s]ies1 be+ mu* n>r[] ?an ! re/1 _c take s _m triangles 9 _! b&4 ,accord+ly1 !y h only six ea*1 :ile ! o!r five sides h sev54 ,( ^! gr\ps ( sev5 triangles ea*1 t us$ = ! ?ird & fif? sides ( ! apse is ! upp]mo/ 9 ,plate ,,iii42 & t us$ = ! c5tre ( ! apse1 & ( ! :ole s]ies1 is ! l[]mo/ 9 ! same plate2 ! piece ( black & :ite m>ble be+ us$ to emphasize ! c5tre ( ! *a91 exactly z a pa9t] w\ld use a d>k t\* = a simil> purpose4 ,,xxii4 ,& n[1 ) a little tr\ble1 we c set be=e ! read]1 at a glance1 ! arrangem5t ( ! gr\ps along ! entire extremity ( ! *ur*4 ,!re are ?irte5 recesses1 indicative ( ?irte5 ar*es1 se5 9 ! gr\nd plan1 fig4 #b1 ,plate ,i4 ,( ^!1 ! second & twelf? ar*es rise high] ?an ! re/2 s high z to break ! decorat$ b&2 & ! gr\ps ( triangles we h to enum]ate are1 !re=e1 only elev5 9 numb]2 "o above ea* ( ! elev5 l[ ar*es4 ,& ( ^! elev51 ! fir/ & second1 t5? & elev5?1 are at ! ends ( ! aisles2 :ile ! ?ird to ! n9?1 inclusive1 g r\nd ! apse4 ,?us1 9 ! foll[+ table1 ! num]als indicate ! place ( ea* entire gr\p 7c\nt+ f ! s\? to ! nor? side ( ! *ur*1 or f left to "r71 & ! lett]s indicate ! species ( triangle ( :i* x is compos$1 z describ$ 9 ! li/ giv5 above4 #f4 h4 i4 h4 g4 h4 i4 h4 #e4 b4 c4 a4 d4 a4 c4 b4 #g4 b4 c4 a4 d4 a4 c4 b4 #d4 b4 a4 b4 c4 a4 e4 a4 #h4 a4 e4 a4 c4 b4 a4 b4 #c4 b4 a4 b4 e4 b4 a4 #i4 a4 b4 e4 b4 a4 b4 #b4 a4 b4 c4 #aj4 a4 b4 c4 b4 #a4 a4 b4 c4 b4 a4 #aa4 b4 a4 c4 f4 a4 a4 ,! c5tral gr\p is put fir/1 t x may be se5 h[ ! s]ies on ! two sides ( ! apse answ] ea* o!r4 ,x 0 a v curi\s freak to ins]t ! triangle e1 9 ! out]mo/ place b "o ( bo? ! f\r? & eigh? sides ( ! apse1 & 9 ! out]mo/ b two 9 ! ?ird & n9?2 9 nei!r case hav+ any balance to x 9 its own gr\p1 & ! real balance be+ only effect$ on ! o!r side ( ! apse1 :i* x is impossible t any "o %\ld see at ! same "t4 ,?is is "o ( ! curi\s pieces ( sy/em :i* s (t5 occur 9 m$ival "w1 ( :i* ! key is n[ lo/4 ,! gr\ps at ! ends ( ! transepts correspond nei!r 9 numb] nor arrangem5t2 we %all pres5tly see :y1 b mu/ fir/ exam9e m closely ! treatm5t ( ! triangles !mselves1 & ! nature ( ! floral sculpture employ$ ^u !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iv4 ,,sculptures ,,( ,,murano4 ,,xxiii4 ,z ! scale ( ,plate ,,iii4 is necess>ily small1 ,i h giv5 ?ree ( ! sculptur$ triangles on a l>g] scale 9 ,plate ,,iv4 opposite4 ,fig4 #c is "o ( ! f\r 9 ! l[] s]ies ( ,plate ,,iv41 & figs4 #d & #e f ano!r gr\p4 ,! =ms ( ! trefoils are "h se5 m cle>ly2 !y1 & all ! o!r portions ( ! design1 are ?r[n out 9 l[ & flat relief1 ! int]m$iate spaces be+ cut out to ! dep? ( ab\t a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,i believe ^! vacant spaces 7 orig9ally fill$ ) a black composition1 :i* is us$ 9 simil> sculptures at ,/4 ,m>k's1 & ( :i* ,i f\nd "s rema9s 9 an ar*ivolt m\ld+ "h1 ?\gh n 9 ! triangles4 ,! surface ( ! :ole w\ld !n be p]fectly smoo?1 & ! ornam5tal =m reliev$ by a gr\nd ( d>k grey2 b1 ev5 ?\gh ?is gr\nd is lo/1 ! simplicity ( ! me?od insures ! visibility ( all its p>ts at ! necess>y di/ance 7#ag or #ah feet71 & ! qua9t trefoils h a crispness & fre%ness ( effect :i* ,i f\nd x almo/ impossible to r5d] 9 a draw+4 ,nor let u fail to note 9 pass+ h[ /rangely delightful to ! human m9d ! trefoil always is4 ,we h x "h repeat$ five or six hundr$ times 9 ! space ( a few y>ds1 & yet are nev] we>y ( x4 ,9 fact1 !re are two my/ical feel+s at ! root ( our enjoym5t ( ?is decoration3 ! "o is ! love ( tr9ity 9 unity1 ! o!r t ( ! s5se ( fulness ) ord]2 ( e place be+ in/antly fill$1 & yet fill$ ) propriety & ease2 ! leaves d n pu% ea* o!r1 nor put !mselves out ( _! own way1 & yet :5ev] !re is a vacant space1 a leaf is always ready to /ep 9 & occupy x4 ,,xxiv4 ,i said ! trefoil 0 five or six hundr$ times repeat$4 ,x is s1 b obs]ve1 x is h>dly ev] twice ( ! same size2 & ?is law is /udi\sly & resolutely obs]v$4 ,9 ! c>v+s a & b ( ! upp] s]ies1 ,plate ,,iii41 ! dim9ution ( ! leaves might inde$ seem m]ely repres5tative ( ! gr[? ( ! plant4 ,b look at ! l[]3 ! triangles ( inlaid purple m>ble are made mu* m ne>ly equilat]al ?an ^? ( :ite m>ble1 into ^: c5tres !y are set1 s t ! leaves may cont9ually dim9i% 9 size z ! ornam5t desc5ds at ! sides4 ,! read] may p]haps d\bt ! accuracy ( ! draw+ on ! small] scale1 b 9 t giv5 l>g]1 fig4 #c1 ,plate ,,iv41 ! angles are all measur$1 & ! purposeful v>iation ( wid? 9 ! bord] !re=e admits ( no dispute4#ad ,rememb] h[ absolutely ?is pr9ciple is t ( nature2 ! same leaf cont9ually repeat$1 b nev] twice ( ! same size4 ,look at ! clov] "u y\r feet1 & !n y w see :at ?is ,murano build] meant1 & t he 0 n altoge!r a b>b>ian4 ,,xxv4 ,ano!r po9t ,i wi% ! read] to obs]ve is1 ! importance atta*$ to color 9 ! m9d ( ! design]4 ,note especially--= x is ( ! highe/ importance to see h[ ! great pr9ciples ( art are c>ri$ out ?r\gh ! :ole build+--t1 z only ! :ite capitals are sculptur$ bel[1 only ! :ite triangles are sculptur$ above4 ,no color$ triangle is t\*$ ) sculpture2 note also1 t 9 ! two pr9cipal gr\ps ( ! apse1 giv5 9 ,plate ,,iii41 ! c5tre ( ! gr\p is color1 n sculpture1 & ! eye is evid5tly int5d$ to be drawn z mu* to ! *equ]s ( ! /one1 z to ! intricacies ( ! *isell+4 ,x w be notic$ also h[ mu* m preci\s ! l[] s]ies1 :i* is c5tral 9 ! apse1 is r5d]$1 ?an ! "o above x 9 ! plate1 :i* flanks x3 !re is no brick 9 ! l[] "o1 & ?ree k9ds ( v>iegat$ m>ble are us$ 9 x1 :]eas ! upp] is compos$ ( brick1 ) black & :ite m>ble only2 & la/ly--= ?is is especially delightful--see h[ ! workman made 8 *isell+ f9] :]e x 0 to g ) ! v>iegat$ m>bles1 & us$ a bold] patt]n ) ! co>s] brick & d>k /one4 ,! subtlety & p]fection ( arti/ical feel+ 9 all ?is are s r$undant1 t 9 ! build+ itself ! eye c re/ ^u ?is color$ *a9 ) ! same k9d ( delight t x has 9 a piece ( ! embroid]y ( ,paul ,v]onese4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,ii4 ,,xxvi4 ,su* be+ ! con/ruction ( ! l[] b&1 t ( ! upp] is rem>kable only = ! curi\s *ange 9 its proportions4 ,! two are sep>at$1 z se5 9 ! little woodcut "h at ! side1 by a /r+-c\rse compos$ ( two lay]s ( r$ bricks1 ( :i* ! upp]mo/ projects z a cornice1 & is su/a9$ by an int]m$iate c\rse ( irregul> brackets1 obta9$ by sett+ ! ?ick yell[ bricks edgeways1 9 ! mann] common to ?is day4 ,b ! wall above is c>ri$ up p]p5dicul>ly f ?is projection1 s t ! :ole upp] b& is advanc$ to ! ?ickness ( a brick ov] ! l[] "o4 ,! result ( ?is is1 ( c\rse1 t ea* side ( ! apse is f\r or five in*es broad] above ?an bel[2 s t ! same numb] ( triangles :i* fill$ a :ole side ( ! l[] b&1 leave an in* or two blank at ea* angle 9 ! upp]4 ,?is w\ld h look$ awkw>d1 if !re _h be5 ! lea/ appe>ance ( its be+ an accid5tal error2 s t1 9 ord] to draw ! eye to x1 & %[ t x is done on purpose1 ! upp] triangles are made ab\t two in*es high] ?an ! l[] ones1 s z to be mu* m acute 9 proportion & effect1 & actually to look consid]ably n>r[]1 ?\gh ( ! same wid? at ! base4 ,by ?is means !y are made light] 9 effect1 & subord9at$ to ! ri*ly decorat$ s]ies ( ! l[] b&1 & ! two c\rses1 in/ead ( repeat+1 unite ) ea* o!r1 & become a h>moni\s :ole4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,v4 ,ar*ivolt 9 ! ,duomo ( ,murano4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to make /ill m sure t ?is diff]5ce 9 ! height ( ! triangles %\ld n escape ! eye1 ano!r c\rse ( pla9 bricks is add$ above _! po9ts1 increas+ ! wid? ( ! b& by ano!r two in*es4 ,!re are five c\rses ( bricks 9 ! l[] b&1 & x measures #a ft4 #f 94 9 height3 !re are sev5 c\rses 9 ! upp] 7( :i* six fall betwe5 ! triangles71 & x measures #a ft4 #aj 94 9 height1 except at ! extremity ( ! nor!rn aisle1 :]e = "s my/]i\s reason ! int]m$iate cornice is slop$ upw>ds s z to r$uce ! upp] triangles to ! same height z ^? bel[4 ,& "h1 f9ally1 obs]ve h[ det]m9$ ! build] 0 t ! "o s]ies %\ld n be a m]e imitation ( ! o!r2 he c\ld n n[ make !m acute by additional height--s he "h1 & "h only1 n>r[$ _! bases1 & we h sev5 ( !m above1 to six bel[4 ,,xxvii4 ,we come n[ to ! mo/ int]e/+ portion ( ! :ole ea/ end1 ! ar*ivolt at ! end ( ! nor!rn aisle4 ,x 0 above /at$1 t ! b& ( triangles 0 brok5 by two high] ar*es at ! ends ( ! aisles4 ,t1 h[ev]1 on ! nor!rn side ( ! apse does n entirely int]rupt1 b lifts x1 & ?us =ms a beautiful & curi\s ar*ivolt1 drawn opposite1 9 ,plate ,v4 ,! upp] b& ( triangles _c rise toge!r ) ! l[]1 z x w\ld o!rwise break ! cornice prep>$ to receive ! second /ory2 & ! curi\s zigzag ) :i* its triangles die away aga9/ ! sides ( ! ar*1 exactly z waves break ^u ! s&1 is "o ( ! mo/ curi\s features 9 ! /ructure4 ,x w be also se5 t !re is a new feature 9 ! treatm5t ( ! b& itself :5 x turns ! ar*4 ,in/ead ( leav+ ! bricks project+ betwe5 ! sculptur$ or color$ /ones1 rev]s$ triangles ( m>ble are us$1 inlaid to an equal dep? ) ! o!rs 9 ! brickwork1 b project+ beyond !m s z to produce a %>p d>k l9e ( zigzag at _! junctions4 ,?ree ( ^! supplem5t>y /ones h unhappily fall5 out1 s t x is n[ impossible to det]m9e ! full h>mony ( color 9 :i* !y 7 orig9ally arrang$4 ,! c5tral "o1 correspond+ to ! key/one 9 a common ar*1 is1 h[ev]1 mo/ =tunately left1 ) two lat]al ones on ! "r h&1 & "o on ! left4 ,,xxviii4 ,! key/one1 if x may be s call$1 is ( :ite m>ble1 ! lat]al v\ssoirs ( purple2 & ^! are ! only color$ /ones 9 ! :ole build+ :i* are sculptur$2 b !y are sculptur$ 9 a way :i*1 m satisfactorily proves t ! pr9ciple above /at$ 0 und]/ood by ! build]s1 ?an if !y _h be5 left blank4 ,! object1 obs]ve1 0 to make ! ar*ivolt z ri* z possible2 eight ( ! :ite sculptur$ m>bles 7 us$ ^u x 9 juxtaposition4 ,_h ! purple m>bles be5 left altoge!r pla91 !y w\ld h be5 out ( h>mony ) ! elaboration ( ! re/4 ,x became necess>y to t\* !m ) sculpture z a m]e sign ( c>efulness & f9i%1 b at ! same "t de/roy+ _! color$ surface z little z possible4 ,! ornam5t is m]ely outl9$ ^u !m ) a f9e incision1 z if x _h be5 et*$ out on _! surface prep>atory to be+ c>v$4 ,9 two ( !m x is compos$ m]ely ( ?ree conc5tric l9es1 p>allel ) ! sides ( ! triangle2 9 ! ?ird1 x is a wrea? ( beautiful design1 :i* ,i h drawn ( l>g] size 9 fig4 #b1 ,plate ,v41 t ! read] may see h[ completely ! surface is left unde/roy$ by ! delicate incisions ( ! *isel1 & may comp>e ! me?od ( work+ ) t employ$ on ! :ite /ones1 two ( :i* are giv5 9 t plate1 figs4 #d & #e4 ,! key/one1 ( :i* we h n yet spok51 is ! only :ite /one work$ ) ! light incision2 its design n be+ capable ( ! k9d ( workman%ip giv5 to ! floral ornam5ts1 & requir+ ei!r to be c>v$ 9 complete relief1 or left z we see x4 ,x is giv5 at fig4 #a ( ,plate ,,iv4 ,! sun & moon on ea* side ( ! cross are1 z we %all see 9 ! fif? ,*apt]1 con/antly employ$ on ! key/ones ( ,byzant9e ar*es4 ,,xxix4 ,we mu/ n pass )\t notice ! grey & gre5 pieces ( m>ble ins]t$ at ! flanks ( ! ar*4 ,=1 obs]ve1 !re 0 a difficulty 9 gett+ ! =ms ( ! triangle into any?+ l reconciliation at ?is po9t1 & a m$ival arti/ always delights 9 a difficulty3 in/ead ( conceal+ x1 he boa/s ( x2 & j z we saw above t he direct$ ! eye to ! difficulty ( fill+ ! exp&$ sides ( ! upp] b& by elongat+ 8 triangles1 s "h1 hav+ to put 9 a piece ( /one ( awkw>d %ape1 he makes t v /one ! mo/ conspicu\s 9 ! :ole ar*1 on bo? sides1 by us+ 9 "o case a d>k1 cold grey2 9 ! o!r a vigor\s gre51 oppos$ to ! w>m r$ & purple & :ite ( ! /ones above & beside x4 ,! gre5 & :ite piece on ! "r is ( a m>ble1 z f> z ,i "k1 exce$+ly r>e4 ,i at fir/ ?\ght ! :ite fragm5ts 7 inlaid1 s %>ply are !y def9$ ^u _! gr\nd4 ,!y are inde$ inlaid1 b ,i believe x is by nature2 & t ! /one is a calc>e\s breccia ( great m9]alogical int]e/4 ,! :ite spots are ( s+ul> value 9 giv+ piquancy to ! :ole range ( m delicate transitional hues above4 ,! effect ( ! :ole is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally injur$ by ! loss ( ! ?ree l>ge triangles above4 ,i h no d\bt !y 7 purple1 l ^? :i* rema91 & t ! :ole ar* 0 ?us "o zone ( :ite1 reliev$ on a purple gr\nd1 encircl$ by ! sc>let cornices ( brick1 & ! :ole *ord ( color contra/$ by ! two preci\s fragm5ts ( grey & gre5 at ei!r side4 ,,xxx4 ,! two pieces ( c>v$ /one ins]t$ at ea* side ( ! ar*1 z se5 at ! bottom ( ,plate ,v41 are ( diff]5t workman%ip f ! re/2 !y d n mat* ea* o!r1 & =m "p ( ! evid5ce :i* proves t portions ( ! *ur* _h be5 br\ght f ! ma9l&4 ,"o be>s an inscription1 :i*1 z its antiquity is confirm$ by ! %apelessness ( its lett]s1 ,i 0 mu* gratifi$ by n be+ able to read2 b ,m4 ,laz>i1 ! intellig5t au?or ( ! late/ & be/ ,v5etian guide1 ) bett] skill1 has giv5 z mu* ( x z rema9s1 ?us3 ,illu/ration3 ,t ,,scem>i$ig5etricisetbeatie/efanim>t ,,iriego9dignvsetpeccaturdom5icu/ ,i h pr9t$ ! lett]s z !y are plac$ 9 ! inscription1 9 ord] t ! read] may =m "s idea ( ! difficulty ( read+ su* leg5ds :5 ! lett]s1 ?us ?r[n into "o heap1 are !mselves ( /range =ms1 & half worn away2 any gaps :i* at all occur betwe5 !m com+ 9 ! wrong places4 ,!re is no d\bt1 h[ev]1 z to ! read+ ( ?is fragm5t3--,t 444 ,sancte ,m>ie ,dom9i ,g5etricis et beati ,e/efani m>tiri ego indignus et peccator ,dom5icus ,t4 ,on ^! two initial & f9al ,t's1 exp&+ "o into ,templum1 ! o!r into ,torcellanus1 ,m4 ,laz>i f\nds an +5i\s conjecture t ! inscription records ! elevation ( ! *ur* "u a c]ta9 bi%op ,dom9ic ( ,torcello 7nam$ 9 ! ,alt9at ,*ronicle71 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! middle ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,if ?is 7 s1 z ! inscription occurs brok5 (f on a fragm5t ins]t$ scornfully 9 ! pres5t edifice1 ?is edifice mu/ be ( ! twelf? c5tury1 work$ ) fragm5ts tak5 f ! ru9s ( t built 9 ! n9?4 ,! two ,t's are1 h[ev]1 h>dly a f\ndation l>ge en\gh to build ! *ur* ^u1 a hundr$ ye>s be=e ! date assign$ to x bo? by hi/ory & tradition 7see above1 ,,viii473 & ! read] has yet to be made aw>e ( ! pr9cipal fact be>+ on ! "q4 ,,xxxi4 ,above ! fir/ /ory ( ! apse runs1 z he kn[s already1 a gall]y "u op5 ar*es1 protect$ by a light balu/rade4 ,?is balu/rade is work$ on ! outside ) m\ld+s1 ( :i* ,i %all only say at pres5t t !y are ( exactly ! same s*ool z ! great] "p ( ! "w ( ! exi/+ *ur*4 ,b ! great horizontal pieces ( /one :i* =m ! top ( ?is balu/rade are fragm5ts ( an old] build+ turn$ inside out4 ,!y are cov]$ ) sculptures on ! back1 only to be se5 by m\nt+ into ! gall]y4 ,!y h once _h an arcade ( l[ wide ar*es trac$ on _! surface1 ! sp&rils fill$ ) leafage1 & ar*ivolts enri*$ ) /udd$ *a9work & ) crosses 9 _! c5tres4 ,^! pieces h be5 us$ z wa/e m>ble by ! ar*itect ( ! exi/+ apse4 ,! small ar*es ( ! pres5t balu/rade are cut m]cilessly ?r\gh ! old "w1 & ! pr(ile ( ! balu/rade is cut out ( :at 0 once ! back ( ! /one2 only "s respect is %[n = ! crosses 9 ! old design1 ! blocks are cut s t ^! %all be n only left un9jur$1 b come 9 ! c5tre ( ! balu/rades4 ,,xxxii4 ,n[ let ! read] obs]ve c>efully t ?is balu/rade ( ,murano is a f5ce ( o!r ?+s ?an ! l[ gall]y r\nd ! des]t$ apse4 ,x is a b>ri] betwe5 two great s*ools ( e>ly ar*itecture4 ,on "o side x 0 cut by ,romanesque workm5 ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ages1 & furni%es u ) a di/9ct type ( a k9d ( ornam5t :i*1 z we meet ) o!r examples ( x1 we %all be able to describe 9 g5]ic t]ms1 & to ?r[ back beh9d ?is balu/rade1 out ( our way4 ,! front ( ! balu/rade pres5ts u ) a totally diff]5t condition ( design1 less ri*1 m graceful1 & "h %[n 9 its simple/ possible =m4 ,f ! outside ( ?is b> ( m>ble we %all comm5ce our progress 9 ! /udy ( exi/+ ,v5etian ar*itecture4 ,! only "q is1 d we beg9 f ! t5? or f ! twelf? c5tury8 ,,xxxiii4 ,i 0 9 great hopes once ( be+ able to det]m9e ?is positively2 b ! alt]ations 9 all ! e>ly build+s ( ,v5ice are s num]\s1 & ! =eign fragm5ts introduc$ s innum]able1 t ,i 0 oblig$ to leave ! "q d\btful4 ,b "o circum/ance mu/ be not$1 be>+ ^u x closely4 ,9 ! woodcut on page #ej1 ,fig4 ,,iii41 b is an ar*ivolt ( ,murano1 a "o ( ,/4 ,m>k's2 ! latt] ackn[l$g$ by all hi/orians & all inve/igators to be ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,all ! twelf? c5tury ar*ivolts 9 ,v5ice1 )\t exception1 are on ! model ( a1 diff]+ only 9 _! decorations & sculpture4 ,!re is n "o :i* resembles t ( ,murano4 ,b ! deep m\ld+s ( ,murano are almo/ exactly simil> to ^? ( ,/4 ,mi*ele ( ,pavia1 & o!r ,lomb>d *ur*es built1 "s z e>ly z ! sev5?1 o!rs 9 ! eigh?1 n9?1 & t5? c5turies4 ,on ?is gr\nd x seems to me probable t ! exi/+ apse ( ,murano is "p ( ! orig9al e>lie/ *ur*1 & t ! inscrib$ fragm5ts us$ 9 x h be5 br\ght f ! ma9l&4 ,! balu/rade1 h[ev]1 may /ill be lat] ?an ! re/2 x w be exam9$1 h]eaft]1 m c>efully4#ae ,i h n space to give any f>!r acc\nt ( ! ext]ior ( ! build+1 ?\gh "o half ( :at is rem>kable 9 x rema9s untold4 ,we mu/ n[ see :at is left ( int]e/ )9 ! walls4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,iii4 ,,xxxiv4 ,all hope is tak5 away by our fir/ glance2 = x falls on a range ( %afts ^: bases are conceal$ by wood5 panell+1 & :i* su/a9 ar*es decorat$ 9 ! mo/ approv$ /yle ( ,r5aissance uphol/]y1 ) /ucco roses 9 squ>es "u ! s(fits1 & egg & arr[ m\ld+s on ! ar*itraves1 gild$1 on a gr\nd ( spotty black & gre51 ) a small p9k-fac$ & black-ey$ *]ub on e key/one2 ! re/ ( ! *ur* be+ = ! mo/ "p conceal$ ei!r by dirty hang+s1 or dirti] :itewa%1 or dim pictures on w>p$ & wa/+ canvas2 all vulg>1 va91 & f\l4 ,yet let u n turn back1 = 9 ! %ad[ ( ! apse our m c>eful glance %[s u a ,greek ,madonna1 pictur$ on a field ( gold2 & we feel giddy at ! fir/ /ep we make on ! pavem5t1 = x1 also1 is ( ,greek mosaic wav$ l ! sea1 & dy$ l a dove's neck4 ,,xxxv4 ,nor are ! orig9al features ( ! re/ ( ! edifice altoge!r indeciph]able2 ! entire s]ies ( %afts m>k$ 9 ! gr\nd plan on ea* side ( ! nave1 f ! we/]n entrance to ! apse1 are ne>ly un9jur$2 & ,i believe ! /ilt$ ar*es !y su/a9 are ^? ( ! orig9al fabric1 ?\gh ! masonry is cov]$ by ! ,r5aissance /ucco m\ld+s4 ,_! capitals1 = a wond]1 are left b>e1 & appe> to h su/a9$ no f>!r injury ?an has result$ f ! ins]tion ( a l>ge brass *&eli] into ea* ( _! abaci1 ea* *&eli] c>ry+ a sublime wax c&le two in*es ?ick1 fa/5$ ) wire to ! wall above4 ,! due arrangem5t ( ^! app5dages1 previ\s to fe/al days1 c only be effect$ f a ladd] set aga9/ ! angle ( ! abacus2 & t5 m9utes be=e ,i wrote ?is s5t5ce1 ,i _h ! privilege ( wat*+ ! c&lelight] at 8 "w1 knock+ 8 ladd] ab\t ! heads ( ! capitals z if !y _h giv5 him p]sonal (f5ce4 ,he at la/ succe$$ 9 break+ away "o ( ! lamps altoge!r1 ) a bit ( ! m>ble ( ! abacus2 ! :ole fall+ 9 ru9 to ! pavem5t1 & caus+ mu* consultation & clamor among a tribe ( begg>s :o 7 assi/+ ! sacri/an ) _! wisdom respect+ ! fe/al arrangem5ts4 ,,xxxvi4 ,x is =tunate t ! capitals !mselves1 be+ some:at rudely cut1 c be> ?is k9d ( treatm5t bett] ?an mo/ ( ^? 9 ,v5ice4 ,!y are all f\nd$ on ! ,cor9?ian type1 b ! leaves are 9 e "o diff]5t3 ^? ( ! ea/]nmo/ capital ( ! s\!rn range are ! be/1 & v beautiful1 b pres5t+ no feature ( mu* int]e/1 _! workman%ip be+ inf]ior to mo/ ( ! imitations ( ,cor9?ian common at ! p]iod2 mu* m to ! ri* fantasies :i* we h se5 at ,torcello4 ,! apse itself1 to-day 7#ab? ,septemb]1 #ahea71 is n to be describ$2 = j 9 front ( x1 beh9d ! alt>1 is a magnific5t curta9 ( new r$ velvet ) a gilt edge & two gold5 tassels1 held up 9 a da9ty mann] by two angels 9 ! uphol/]]'s s]vice2 & above all1 = conc5tration ( effect1 a /> or sun1 "s five feet broad1 ! spikes ( :i* conceal ! :ole ( ! figure ( ! ,madonna except ! head & h&s4 ,,xxxvii4 ,! pavem5t is h[ev] /ill left op51 & x is ( inf9ite int]e/1 al?\gh griev\sly di/ort$ & defac$4 ,= :5ev] a new *apel has be5 built1 or a new alt> erect$1 ! pavem5t has be5 brok5 up & readju/$ s z to surr\nd ! newly ins]t$ /eps or /ones ) "s appe>ance ( symmetry2 portions ( x ei!r cov]$ or c>ri$ away1 o!rs m]cilessly %att]$ or replac$ by mod]n imitations1 & ^? ( v diff]5t p]iods1 ) pieces ( ! old floor left "h & !re 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 & work$ r\nd s z to deceive ! eye into acceptance ( ! :ole z anci5t4 ,! portion1 h[ev]1 :i* occupies ! we/]n extremity ( ! nave1 & ! p>ts imm$iately adjo9+ x 9 ! aisles1 are1 ,i believe1 9 _! orig9al positions1 & v little injur$3 !y are compos$ *iefly ( gr\ps ( peacocks1 lions1 /ags1 & griff9s1--two ( ea* 9 a gr\p1 dr9k+ out ( ! same vase1 or %ak+ claws toge!r1--enclos$ by int]lac+ b&s1 & alt]nat+ ) *equ] or /> patt]ns1 & "h & !re an attempt at repres5tation ( ar*itecture1 all work$ 9 m>ble mosaic4 ,! floors ( ,torcello & ( ,/4 ,m>k's are execut$ 9 ! same mann]2 b :at rema9s at ,murano is f9] ?an ei!r1 9 ! extraord9>y play ( color obta9$ by ! use ( v>iegat$ m>bles4 ,at ,/4 ,m>k's ! patt]ns are m intricate1 & ! pieces f> m skilfully set toge!r2 b ea* piece is !re commonly ( "o color3 at ,murano e fragm5t is itself v>iegat$1 & all are arrang$ ) a skill & feel+ n to be caught1 & to be obs]v$ ) deep rev]5ce1 = t pavem5t is n dateless1 l ! re/ ( ! *ur*2 x be>s its date on "o ( its c5tral circles1 #aadj1 & is1 9 my m9d1 "o ( ! mo/ preci\s monum5ts 9 ,italy1 %[+ ?us e>ly1 & 9 ^? rude *equ]s :i* ! b>$ knee ( ! ,murano fi%] we>s 9 its daily b5d+1 ! beg9n+ ( t mighty _s ( ,v5etian color1 :i* 0 to be consummat$ 9 ,titian4 ,,xxxviii4 ,b we mu/ quit ! *ur* = ! pres5t1 = its g>ni%+s are complet$2 ! c&les are all upright 9 _! sockets1 & ! curta9s drawn into fe/oons1 & a pa/e-bo>d cresc5t1 gay ) artificial fl[]s1 has be5 atta*$ to ! capital ( e pill>1 9 ord]1 toge!r ) ! gilt angels1 to make ! place look z mu* l ,p>adise z possible4 ,if we return to-morr[1 we %all f9d x fill$ ) w(ul gr\ps ( ag$ m5 & wom51 wa/$ & fev]-/ruck1 fix$ 9 p>alytic supplication1 half-kneel+1 half-c\*$ ^u ! pavem5t2 b[$ d[n1 p>tly 9 feebl5ess1 p>tly 9 a fe>ful devotion1 ) _! grey clo!s ca/ f> ov] _! faces1 gha/ly & settl$ into a gloomy animal mis]y1 all b ! glitt]+ eyes & mutt]+ lips4 ,fit inhabitants1 ^!1 = :at 0 once ! ,g>d5 ( ,v5ice1 a t]re/rial p>adise1--a place ( nymphs & demi-gods6#af ,,xxxix4 ,we return1 yet once aga91 on ! foll[+ day4 ,wor%ipp]s & objects ( wor%ip1 ! sickly cr[d & gild$ angels1 all are gone2 & !re1 f> 9 ! apse1 is se5 ! sad ,madonna /&+ 9 h] fold$ robe1 lift+ h] h&s 9 vanity ( bless+4 ,!re is little else to draw away our ?\ghts f ! solit>y image4 ,an old wood5 tablet1 c>v$ into a rude effigy ( ,san ,donato1 :i* occupies ! c5tral ni*e 9 ! l[] "p ( ! tribune1 has an int]e/ ( its own1 b is unconnect$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! old] *ur*4 ,! fad$ frescoes ( sa9ts1 :i* cov] ! upp] ti] ( ! wall ( ! apse1 are also ( comp>atively rec5t date1 mu* m ! piece ( ,r5aissance workman%ip1 %aft & entablature1 above ! alt>1 :i* has be5 ?ru/ into ! mid/ ( all1 & has cut away "p ( ! feet ( ! ,madonna4 ,no?+ rema9s ( ! orig9al /ructure b ! semi-dome itself1 ! cornice :5ce x spr+s1 :i* is ! same z t us$ on ! ext]ior ( ! *ur*1 & ! bord] & face-ar* :i* surr\nd x4 ,! gr\nd ( ! dome is ( gold1 unbrok5 except by ! upright ,madonna1 & usual inscription1 ,m ,r ,greek3 ,!ta ,v4 ,! figure we>s a robe ( blue1 deeply fr+$ ) gold1 :i* seems to be ga!r$ on ! head & ?r[n back on ! %\ld]s1 cross+ ! brea/1 & fall+ 9 _m folds to ! gr\nd4 ,! "u robe1 %[n b5ea? x :]e x op5s at ! brea/1 is ( ! same color2 ! :ole1 except ! deep gold fr+e1 be+ simply ! dress ( ! wom5 ( ! "t4 ,le donne1 anco elle del #aajj1 ve/ivano di tur*9o con manti 9 spalla1 *e le coprivano d9anzi e di dietro4#ag ,r\nd ! dome !re is a color$ mosaic bord]2 & on ! edge ( its ar*1 legible by ! :ole congregation1 ?is inscription3 ,,quos ,,eva ,,contrivit1 ,,pia ,,virgo ,,m>ia ,,r$emit2 ,,hanc ,,cuncti ,,laud5t1 ,,qui ,,cri/i ,,mun]e ,,gaud5t4#ah ,! :ole edifice is1 !re=e1 simply a temple to ! ,virg93 to h] is ascrib$ ! fact ( ,r$emption1 & to h] its praise4 ,,xl4 ,& is ?is1 x w be ask$ ( me1 ! "t1 is ?is ! wor%ip1 to :i* y w\ld h u look back ) rev]5ce & regret8 ,inasmu* z r$emption is ascrib$ to ! ,virg91 ,no4 ,inasmu* z r$emption is a ?+ desir$1 believ$1 rejoic$ 91 ,yes1--& ,yes a ?\s& times4 ,z f> z ! ,virg9 is wor%ipp$ 9 place ( ,god1 ,no2 b z f> z !re is ! evid5ce ( wor%ip itself1 & ( ! s5se ( a ,div9e pres5ce1 ,yes4 ,= !re is a wid] division ( m5 ?an t into ,*ri/ian & ,pagan3 be=e we ask :at a man wor%ips1 we h to ask :e!r he wor%ips at all4 ,obs]ve ,*ri/'s own words on ?is head3 ,god is a _s2 & !y t wor%ip ,him mu/ wor%ip ,him 9 _s1 & 9 tru?4 ,! wor%ipp+ 9 _s comes fir/1 & x does n necess>ily imply ! wor%ipp+ 9 tru?4 ,!re=e1 !re is fir/ ! broad division ( m5 into ,_s wor%ipp]s & ,fle% wor%ipp]s2 & !n1 ( ! ,_s wor%ipp]s1 ! f>!r division into ,*ri/ian & ,pagan1--wor%ipp]s 9 ,falsehood or 9 ,tru?4 ,i !re=e1 = ! mom5t1 omit all inquiry h[ f> ! ,m>iolatry ( ! e>ly *ur* did inde$ eclipse ,*ri/1 or :at measure ( deep] rev]5ce = ! ,son ( ,god 0 /ill felt ?r\gh all ! gross] =ms ( ,madonna wor%ip4 ,let t wor%ip be tak5 at its wor/2 let ! goddess ( ?is dome ( ,murano be look$ ^u z j 9 ! same s5se an idol z ! ,a!ne ( ! ,acropolis1 or ! ,syrian ,que5 ( ,heav52 & !n1 on ?is d>ke/ assumption1 balance well ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^? :o wor%ip & ^? :o wor%ip n2--t diff]5ce :i* !re is 9 ! sight ( ,god1 9 all ages1 betwe5 ! calculat+1 smil+1 self-su/a9$1 self-gov]n$ man1 & ! believ+1 weep+1 wond]+1 /ruggl+1 ,heav5-gov]n$ man2--betwe5 ! m5 :o say 9 _! he>ts !re is no ,god1 & ^? :o ackn[l$ge a ,god at e /ep1 if haply !y might feel aft] ,him & f9d ,him4 ,= t is inde$ ! diff]5ce :i* we %all f9d1 9 ! end1 betwe5 ! build]s ( ?is day & ! build]s on t s& isl& long ago4 ,!y did honor some?+ out ( !mselves2 !y did believe 9 spiritual pres5ce judg+1 animat+1 r$eem+ !m2 !y built to its honor & = its habitation2 & 7 cont5t to pass away 9 nameless multitudes1 s only t ! labor ( _! h&s might fix 9 ! sea-wild]ness a ?rone = _! gu>dian angel4 ,9 ?is 0 _! /r5g?1 & !re 0 inde$ a ,_s walk+ ) !m on ! wat]s1 ?\gh !y c\ld n disc]n ! =m !re(1 ?\gh ! ,ma/]s voice came n to !m1 ,x is ,i4 ,:at _! error co/ !m1 we %all see h]eaft]2 = x rema9$ :5 ! maje/y & ! s9c]ity ( _! wor%ip _h dep>t$1 & rema9s to ?is day4 ,m>iolatry is no special *>act]i/ic ( ! twelf? c5tury2 on ! outside ( t v tribune ( ,san ,donato1 9 its c5tral recess1 is an image ( ! ,virg9 :i* receives ! rev]5ce once paid to ! blue vision ^u ! inn] dome4 ,) r\g$ *eeks & pa9t$ br[s1 ! frightful doll /&s 9 wret*$ness ( rags1 black5$ ) ! smoke ( ! votive lamps at its feet2 & if we w\ld "k :at has be5 lo/ or ga9$ by ,italy 9 ! six hundr$ ye>s t h worn ! m>bles ( ,murano1 let u consid] h[ f> ! prie/s :o set up ?is to wor%ip1 ! populace :o h ?is to adore1 may be nobl] ?an ! m5 :o conceiv$ t lonely figure /&+ on ! gold5 field1 or ?an ^? to :om x seem$ to receive _! pray] at ev5+1 f> away1 :]e !y only saw ! blue cl\ds ris+ out ( ! burn+ sea4 ,,footnotes #aj ,mela1 e buon v9o1 con pace e c>it1 ,memorie ,/ori*e de' ,v5eti ,primi e ,secondi1 di ,jacopo ,filiasi 7,padua1 #ahaa71 tom4 iii4 cap4 #bc4 ,p]haps1 9 ! *oice ( ! abbot's *e]1 !re 0 "s occult ref]5ce to ! v]se ( ,solomon's ,song3 ,/ay me ) flagons1 com=t me ) apples4 #aa ,notizie ,/ori*e delle ,*iese di ,v5ezia1 illu/rate da ,flam9io ,corn] 7,padua1 #ageh71 p4 #fae4 #ab ,on ! #ad? day ( ,april1 #acgd1 !re 7 f\nd1 9 ?is *ur* ( ! fir/ m>tyr ,/4 ,/efano1 two hundr$ & m bodies ( holy m>tyrs1 by ! v5]able prie/1 ,mat!w ,fradello1 incumb5t ( ! *ur*4 #ac ,notizie ,/ori*e1 p4 #fbj4 #ad ,! int5tion is f>!r confirm$ by ! s+ul> v>iation 9 ! bread? ( ! small fillet :i* encompasses ! inn] m>ble4 ,x is mu* n>r[] at ! bottom ?an at ! sides1 s z to recov] ! orig9al bread? 9 ! l[] bord]4 #ae ,its elevation is giv5 to scale 9 fig4 #d1 ,plate ,,xiii41 bel[4 #af ,luogo de' n9fe e de' semidei4--,m4 ,&rea ,calmo1 quot$ by ,mut9elli1 ,annali ,urbani di ,v5ezia 7,v5ice1 #ahda71 p4 #cfb4 #ag ,! wom51 ev5 z f> back z #aajj1 wore dresses ( blue1 ) mantles on ! %\ld]1 :i* clo!d !m be=e & beh9d4--,sansor9o4 ,x w\ld be difficult to imag9e a dress m mode/ & beautiful4 ,see ,app5dix #g4 #ah ,:om ,eve de/roy$1 ! pi\s ,virg9 ,m>y r$eem$2 ,all praise h]1 :o rejoice 9 ! ,grace ( ,*ri/4 ,vide ,app5dix #h4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,/4 ,,m>k',s4 ,i4 ,& s ,b>nabas took ,m>k1 & sail$ unto ,cyprus4 ,if z ! %ores ( ,asia less5$ ^u 8 sight1 ! _s ( prophecy _h ent]$ into ! he>t ( ! weak disciple :o _h turn$ back :5 8 h& 0 on ! pl\gh1 & :o _h be5 judg$1 by ! *iefe/ ( ,*ri/'s capta9s1 unwor?y !nce=w>d to g =? ) him to ! "w1#ai h[ wond]ful w\ld he h ?\ght x1 t by ! lion symbol 9 future ages he 0 to be repres5t$ among m56 h[ w(ul1 t ! w>-cry ( 8 "n %\ld s (t5 reanimate ! rage ( ! soldi]1 on ^? v pla9s :]e he himself _h fail$ 9 ! c\rage ( ! ,*ri/ian1 & s (t5 dye ) fruitless blood t v ,cypriot ,sea1 ov] ^: waves1 9 rep5tance & %ame1 he 0 foll[+ ! ,son ( ,consolation6 ,,ii4 ,t ! ,v5etians possess$ !mselves ( 8 body 9 ! n9? c5tury1 !re appe>s no suffici5t reason to d\bt1 nor t x 0 pr9cipally 9 consequ5ce ( _! hav+ done s1 t !y *ose him = _! patron sa9t4 ,!re exi/s1 h[ev]1 a tradition t be=e he w5t into ,egypt he _h f\nd$ ! ,*ur* at ,aquileia1 & 0 ?us1 9 "s sort1 ! fir/ bi%op ( ! ,v5etian isles & p4 ,i believe t ?is tradition /&s on ne>ly z good gr\nds z t ( ,/4 ,pet] hav+ be5 ! fir/ bi%op ( ,rome2#bj b1 z usual1 x is enri*$ by v>i\s lat] additions & embelli%m5ts1 mu* resembl+ ! /ories told respect+ ! *ur* ( ,murano4 ,?us we f9d x record$ by ! ,santo ,padre :o compil$ ! ,vite de' ,santi spettanti alle ,*iese di ,v5ezia1#ba t ,/4 ,m>k hav+ se5 ! p ( ,aquileia well gr\nd$ 9 religion1 & be+ call$ to ,rome by ,/4 ,pet]1 be=e sett+ (f took ) him ! holy bi%op ,h]magoras1 & w5t 9 a small boat to ! m>%es ( ,v5ice4 ,!re 7 at t p]iod "s h\ses built ^u a c]ta9 high bank call$ ,rialto1 & ! boat be+ driv5 by ! w9d 0 an*or$ 9 a m>%y place1 :5 ,/4 ,m>k1 snat*$ into ec/asy1 he>d ! voice ( an angel say+ to him3 ',peace be to !e1 ,m>k2 "h %all ?y body re/4' ,! angel goes on to =etell ! build+ ( una /up5da1 ne pi v$uta ,citt2 b ! fable is h>dly +5i\s en\gh to des]ve f>!r relation4 ,,iii4 ,b :e!r ,/4 ,m>k 0 fir/ bi%op ( ,aquileia or n1 ,/4 ,!odore 0 ! fir/ patron ( ! city2 nor c he yet be consid]$ z hav+ entirely abdicat$ 8 e>ly "r1 z 8 /atue1 /&+ on a crocodile1 /ill companions ! w+$ lion on ! oppos+ pill> ( ! piazzetta4 ,a *ur* erect$ to ?is ,sa9t is said to h occupi$1 be=e ! n9? c5tury1 ! site ( ,/4 ,m>k's2 & ! travell]1 dazzl$ by ! brilliancy ( ! great squ>e1 ought n to leave x )\t endeavor+ to imag9e its aspect 9 t e>ly "t1 :5 x 0 a gre5 field cloi/]-l & quiet1#bb divid$ by a small canal1 ) a l9e ( trees on ea* side2 & ext5d+ betwe5 ! two *ur*es ( ,/4 ,!odore & ,/4 ,gem9ian1 z ! little piazza ( ,torcello lies betwe5 its palazzo & ca!dral4 ,,iv4 ,b 9 ! ye> #hac1 :5 ! seat ( gov]nm5t 0 f9ally remov$ to ! ,rialto1 a ,ducal ,palace1 built on ! spot :]e ! pres5t "o /&s1 ) a ,ducal ,*apel beside x1#bc gave a v diff]5t "* to ! ,squ>e ( ,/4 ,m>k2 & fifte5 ye>s lat]1 ! acquisition ( ! body ( ! ,sa9t1 & its deposition 9 ! ,ducal ,*apel1 p]haps n yet complet$1 occasion$ ! inve/iture ( t *apel ) all possible spl5dor4 ,/4 ,!odore 0 depos$ f 8 patron%ip1 & 8 *ur* de/roy$1 to make room = ! aggr&izem5t ( ! "o atta*$ to ! ,ducal ,palace1 & !nce=w>d kn[n z ,/4 ,m>k's4#bd ,v4 ,?is fir/ *ur* 0 h[ev] de/roy$ by fire1 :5 ! ,ducal ,palace 0 burn$ 9 ! revolt aga9/ ,c&iano1 9 #igf4 ,x 0 p>tly rebuilt by 8 successor1 ,pietro ,orseolo1 on a l>g] scale2 &1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,byzant9e ar*itects1 ! fabric 0 c>ri$ on "u successive ,doges = ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s2 ! ma9 build+ be+ complet$ 9 #ajga1 b its incru/ation ) m>ble n till consid]ably lat]4 ,x 0 consecrat$ on ! #h? ( ,octob]1 #ajhe1be accord+ to ,sansov9o & ! au?or ( ! ,*iesa ,ducale di ,s4 ,m>co1 9 #ajid accord+ to ,laz>i1 b c]ta9ly betwe5 #ajhd & #ajif1 ^? ye>s be+ ! limits ( ! reign ( ,vital ,fali]2 ,i incl9e to ! supposition t x 0 soon aft] 8 accession to ! ?rone 9 #ajhe1 ?\gh ,sansov9o writes1 by mi/ake1 ,ordelafo in/ead ( ,vital ,fali]4 ,b1 at all ev5ts1 be=e ! close ( ! elev5? c5tury ! great consecration ( ! *ur* took place4 ,x 0 aga9 injur$ by fire 9 #aajf1 b repair$2 & f t "t to ! fall ( ,v5ice !re 0 probably no ,doge :o did n 9 "s slight degree embelli% or alt] ! fabric1 s t few p>ts ( x c be pron\nc$ boldly to be ( any giv5 date4 ,two p]iods ( int]f]5ce are1 h[ev]1 notable above ! re/3 ! fir/1 t 9 :i* ! ,go?ic s*ool1 _h sup]s$$ ! ,byzant9e t[>ds ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 ! p9nacles1 upp] ar*ivolts1 & w9d[ trac]ies 7 add$ to ! ext]ior1 & ! great scre51 ) v>i\s *apels & tab]nacle-"w1 to ! int]ior2 ! second1 :5 ! ,r5aissance s*ool sup]s$$ ! ,go?ic1 & ! pupils ( ,titian & ,t9toret sub/itut$1 ov] "o half ( ! *ur*1 _! own compositions = ! ,greek mosaics ) :i* x 0 orig9ally decorat$2#bf happily1 ?\gh ) no good w1 hav+ left en\gh to enable u to imag9e & lam5t :at !y de/roy$4 ,( ?is irrep>able loss we %all h m to say h]eaft]2 meantime1 ,i wi% only to fix 9 ! read]'s m9d ! succession ( p]iods ( alt]ation z firmly & simply z possible4 ,,vi4 ,we h se5 t ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* may be broadly /at$ to be ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ! ,go?ic additions ( ! f\rte5?1 & ! re/or$ mosaics ( ! sev5te5?4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ at a glance ! ,go?ic portions f ! ,byzant9e2 b !re is consid]able difficulty 9 asc]ta9+ h[ long1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 additions 7 made to ! ,byzant9e *ur*1 :i* _c be easily di/+ui%$ f ! "w ( ! elev5? c5tury1 be+ purposely execut$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,two ( ! mo/ important pieces ( evid5ce on ?is po9t are1 a mosaic 9 ! s\? transept1 & ano!r ov] ! nor!rn door ( ! faade2 ! fir/ repres5t+ ! int]ior1 ! second ! ext]ior1 ( ! anci5t *ur*4 ,,vii4 ,x has j be5 /at$ t ! exi/+ build+ 0 consecrat$ by ! ,doge ,vital ,fali]4 ,a peculi> solemnity 0 giv5 to t act ( consecration1 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,v5etian p1 by :at appe>s to h be5 "o ( ! be/ arrang$ & mo/ successful impo/ures ev] attempt$ by ! cl]gy ( ! ,romi% *ur*4 ,! body ( ,/4 ,m>k _h1 )\t d\bt1 p]i%$ 9 ! conflagration ( #igf2 b ! rev5ues ( ! *ur* dep5d$ too mu* ^u ! devotion excit$ by ^! relics to p]mit ! confession ( _! loss4 ,! foll[+ is ! acc\nt giv5 by ,corn]1 & believ$ to ?is day by ! ,v5etians1 ( ! pret5d$ miracle by :i* x 0 conceal$4 ,aft] ! repairs und]tak5 by ! ,doge ,orseolo1 ! place 9 :i* ! body ( ! holy ,evangeli/ re/$ _h be5 altoge!r =gott52 s t ! ,doge ,vital ,fali] 0 entirely ignorant ( ! place ( ! v5]able deposit4 ,?is 0 no light affliction1 n only to ! pi\s ,doge1 b to all ! citiz5s & p2 s t at la/1 mov$ by confid5ce 9 ! ,div9e m]cy1 !y det]m9$ to implore1 ) pray] & fa/+1 ! manife/ation ( s great a treasure1 :i* did n n[ dep5d ^u any human ef=t4 ,a g5]al fa/ be+ !re=e proclaim$1 & a solemn procession appo9t$ = ! #be? day ( ,june1 :ile ! p assembl$ 9 ! *ur* int]c$$ ) ,god 9 f]v5t pray]s = ! desir$ boon1 !y beheld1 ) z mu* amazem5t z joy1 a slight %ak+ 9 ! m>bles ( a pill> 7ne> ! place :]e ! alt> ( ! ,cross is n[71 :i*1 pres5tly fall+ to ! e>?1 expos$ to ! view ( ! rejoic+ p ! *e/ ( bronze 9 :i* ! body ( ! ,evangeli/ 0 laid4 ,,viii4 ,( ! ma9 facts ( ?is tale !re is no d\bt4 ,!y 7 embelli%$ aft]w>ds1 z usual1 by _m fanciful traditions2 z1 = in/ance1 t1 :5 ! s>cophagus 0 discov]$1 ,/4 ,m>k ext5d$ 8 h& out ( x1 ) a gold r+ on "o ( ! f+]s1 :i* he p]mitt$ a noble ( ! ,dolf9 family to remove2 & a qua9t & delightful /ory 0 fur!r inv5t$ ( ?is r+1 :i* ,i %all n repeat "h1 z x is n[ z well kn[n z any tale ( ! ,arabian ,nights4 ,b ! fa/ & ! discov]y ( ! c(f91 by :atev] means effect$1 are facts2 & !y are record$ 9 "o ( ! be/-pres]v$ mosaics ( ! nor? transept1 execut$ v c]ta9ly n long aft] ! ev5t _h tak5 place1 closely resembl+ 9 its treatm5t t ( ! ,bayeux tape/ry1 & %[+1 9 a conv5tional mann]1 ! int]ior ( ! *ur*1 z x !n 01 fill$ by ! p1 fir/ 9 pray]1 !n 9 ?anksgiv+1 ! pill> /&+ op5 be=e !m1 & ! ,doge1 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 di/+ui%$ by 8 crimson bonnet embroid]$ ) gold1 b m unmi/akably by ! inscription ,dux ov] 8 head1 z uni=mly is ! case 9 ! ,bayeux tape/ry1 & mo/ o!r pictorial works ( ! p]iod4 ,! *ur* is1 ( c\rse1 rudely repres5t$1 & ! two upp] /ories ( x r$uc$ to a small scale 9 ord] to =m a backgr\nd to ! figures2 "o ( ^? bold pieces ( picture hi/ory :i* we 9 our pride ( p]spective1 & a ?\s& ?+s besides1 nev] d>e attempt4 ,we %\ld h put 9 a column or two ( ! real or p]spective size1 & subdu$ x into a vague backgr\nd3 ! old workman cru%$ ! *ur* toge!r t he might get x all 91 up to ! cupolas2 & has1 !re=e1 left u "s useful notes ( its anci5t =m1 ?\gh any "o :o is famili> ) ! me?od ( draw+ employ$ at ! p]iod w n pu% ! evid5ce too f>4 ,! two pulpits are !re1 h[ev]1 z !y are at ?is day1 & ! fr+e ( mosaic fl[]-"w :i* !n encompass$ ! :ole *ur*1 b :i* mod]n re/or]s h de/roy$1 all b "o fragm5t /ill left 9 ! s\? aisle4 ,!re is no attempt to repres5t ! o!r mosaics on ! ro(1 ! scale be+ too small to admit ( _! be+ repres5t$ ) any success2 b "s at lea/ ( ^? mosaics _h be5 execut$ at t p]iod1 & _! abs5ce 9 ! repres5tation ( ! entire *ur* is especially to be obs]v$1 9 ord] to %[ t we mu/ n tru/ to any negative evid5ce 9 su* works4 ,m4 ,laz>i has ra%ly conclud$ t ! c5tral ar*ivolt ( ,/4 ,m>k's mu/ be po/]ior to ! ye> #abje1 because x does n appe> 9 ! repres5tation ( ! ext]ior ( ! *ur* ov] ! nor!rn door2#bg b he ju/ly obs]ves t ?is mosaic 7:i* is ! o!r piece ( evid5ce we possess respect+ ! anci5t =m ( ! build+7 _c itself be e>li] ?an #abje1 s9ce x repres5ts ! bronze horses :i* 7 br\ght f ,con/ant9ople 9 t ye>4 ,& ?is "o fact r5d]s x v difficult to speak ) confid5ce respect+ ! date ( any "p ( ! ext]ior ( ,/4 ,m>k's2 = we h above se5 t x 0 consecrat$ 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 & yet "h is "o ( its mo/ important ext]ior decorations assur$ly ret\*$1 if n entirely add$1 9 ! ?irte5?1 al?\gh its /yle w\ld h l$ u to suppose x _h be5 an orig9al "p ( ! fabric4 ,h[ev]1 = all our purposes1 x w be en\gh = ! read] to rememb] t ! e>lie/ p>ts ( ! build+ belong to ! elev5?1 twelf?1 & fir/ "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2 ! ,go?ic portions to ! f\rte5?2 "s ( ! alt>s & embelli%m5ts to ! fifte5? & sixte5?2 & ! mod]n portion ( ! mosaics to ! sev5te5?4 ,,ix4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ,i only wi% him to recollect 9 ord] t ,i may speak g5]ally ( ! ,byzant9e ar*itecture ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 )\t lead+ him to suppose ! :ole *ur* to h be5 built & decorat$ by ,greek arti/s4 ,its lat] portions1 ) ! s+le exception ( ! sev5te5? c5tury mosaics1 h be5 s dext]\sly accommodat$ to ! orig9al fabric t ! g5]al effect is /ill t ( a ,byzant9e build+2 & ,i %all n1 except :5 x is absolutely necess>y1 direct att5tion to ! discordant po9ts1 or we>y ! read] ) anatomical criticism4 ,:atev] 9 ,/4 ,m>k's arre/s ! eye1 or affects ! feel+s1 is ei!r ,byzant9e1 or has be5 modifi$ by ,byzant9e influ5ce2 & our inquiry into its ar*itectural m]its ne$ n !re=e be di/urb$ by ! anxieties ( antiqu>ianism1 or arre/$ by ! obscurities ( *ronology4 ,x4 ,& n[ ,i wi% t ! read]1 be=e ,i br+ him into ,/4 ,m>k's ,place1 w\ld imag9e himself = a little "t 9 a quiet ,engli% ca!dral t[n1 & walk ) me to ! we/ front ( its ca!dral4 ,let u g toge!r up ! m retir$ /reet1 at ! end ( :i* we c see ! p9nacles ( "o ( ! t[]s1 & !n ?r\gh ! l[ grey gateway1 ) its battlem5t$ top & small lattic$ w9d[ 9 ! c5tre1 into ! inn] private-look+ road or close1 :]e no?+ goes 9 b ! c>ts ( ! tradesm5 :o supply ! bi%op & ! *apt]1 & :]e !re are little %av5 grass-plots1 f5c$ 9 by neat rails1 be=e old-fa%ion$ gr\ps ( some:at dim9utive & excessively trim h\ses1 ) little oriel & bay w9d[s jutt+ out "h & !re1 & deep wood5 cornices & eaves pa9t$ cream color & :ite1 & small por*es to _! doors 9 ! %ape ( cockle-%ells1 or little1 crook$1 ?ick1 indescribable wood5 gables w>p$ a little on "o side2 & s =w>d till we come to l>g] h\ses1 also old-fa%ion$1 b ( r$ brick1 & ) g>d5s beh9d !m1 & fruit walls1 :i* %[ "h & !re1 among ! nect>9es1 ! ve/iges ( an old cloi/] ar* or %aft1 & look+ 9 front on ! ca!dral squ>e itself1 laid out 9 rigid divisions ( smoo? grass & gravel walk1 yet n un*e]ful1 especially on ! sunny side :]e ! canons' *ildr5 are walk+ ) _! nurs]ymaids4 ,& s1 tak+ c>e n to tread on ! grass1 we w g along ! /raight walk to ! we/ front1 & !re /& = a "t1 look+ up at its deep-po9t$ por*es & ! d>k places betwe5 _! pill>s :]e !re 7 /atues once1 & :]e ! fragm5ts1 "h & !re1 ( a /ately figure are /ill left1 :i* has 9 x ! lik5ess ( a k+1 p]haps inde$ a k+ on e>?1 p]haps a sa9tly k+ long ago 9 heav52 & s high] & high] up to ! great m\ld]+ wall ( rugg$ sculpture & confus$ arcades1 %att]$1 & grey1 & grisly ) heads ( dragons & mock+ fi5ds1 worn by ! ra9 & swirl+ w9ds into yet unseemli] %ape1 & color$ on _! /ony scales by ! deep russet-orange li*51 melan*oly gold2 & s1 high] /ill1 to ! bleak t[]s1 s f> above t ! eye loses itself among ! bosses ( _! trac]ies1 ?\gh !y are rude & /rong1 & only sees l a drift ( eddy+ black po9ts1 n[ clos+1 n[ scatt]+1 & n[ settl+ sudd5ly into invisible places among ! bosses & fl[]s1 ! cr[$ ( re/less birds t fill ! :ole squ>e ) t /range clangor ( !irs1 s h>% & yet s soo?+1 l ! cries ( birds on a solit>y coa/ betwe5 ! cliffs & sea4 ,,xi4 ,?9k = a little :ile ( t sc5e1 & ! mean+ ( all its small =malisms1 mix$ ) its s]5e sublimity4 ,e/imate its seclud$1 cont9u\s1 dr[sy felicities1 & its evid5ce ( ! s5se & /eady p]=mance ( su* k9d ( duties z c be regulat$ by ! ca!dral clock2 & weigh ! influ5ce ( ^? d>k t[]s on all :o h pass$ ?r\gh ! lonely squ>e at _! feet = c5turies1 & on all :o h se5 !m ris+ f> away ov] ! wood$ pla91 or cat*+ on _! squ>e masses ! la/ rays ( ! sunset1 :5 ! city at _! feet 0 indicat$ only by ! mi/ at ! b5d ( ! riv]4 ,& !n let u quickly recollect t we are 9 ,v5ice1 & l& at ! extremity ( ! ,calle ,lunga ,san ,mois1 :i* may be consid]$ z !re answ]+ to ! seclud$ /reet t l$ u to our ,engli% ca!dral gateway4 ,,xii4 ,we f9d ourselves 9 a pav$ alley1 "s sev5 feet wide :]e x is wide/1 full ( p1 & resonant ) cries ( it9]ant salesm51--a %riek 9 _! beg9n+1 & dy+ away into a k9d ( braz5 r++1 all ! worse = its conf9em5t betwe5 ! high h\ses ( ! passage along :i* we h to make our way4 ,ov]-head an inextricable confusion ( rugg$ %utt]s1 & iron balconies & *imney flues pu%$ out on brackets to save room1 & ar*$ w9d[s ) project+ sills ( ,i/rian /one1 & gleams ( gre5 leaves "h & !re :]e a fig-tree bran* escapes ov] a l[] wall f "s inn] cortile1 lead+ ! eye up to ! n>r[ /ream ( blue sky high ov] all4 ,on ea* side1 a r[ ( %ops1 z d5sely set z may be1 occupy+1 9 fact1 int]vals betwe5 ! squ>e /one %afts1 ab\t eight feet high1 :i* c>ry ! fir/ floors3 int]vals ( :i* "o is n>r[ & s]ves z a door2 ! o!r is1 9 ! m respectable %ops1 wa9scot$ to ! height ( ! c\nt] & glaz$ above1 b 9 ^? ( ! poor] tradesm5 left op5 to ! gr\nd1 & ! w>es laid on b5*es & tables 9 ! op5 air1 ! light 9 all cases ent]+ at ! front only1 & fad+ away 9 a few feet f ! ?re%old into a gloom :i* ! eye f )\t _c p5etrate1 b :i* is g5]ally brok5 by a ray or two f a feeble lamp at ! back ( ! %op1 susp5d$ be=e a pr9t ( ! ,virg94 ,! less pi\s %op-keep] sometimes leaves 8 lamp unlight$1 & is cont5t$ ) a p5ny pr9t2 ! m religi\s "o has 8 pr9t color$ & set 9 a little %r9e ) a gild$ or figur$ fr+e1 ) p]haps a fad$ fl[] or two on ea* side1 & 8 lamp burn+ brilliantly4 ,"h at ! fruit]]'s1 :]e ! d>k-gre5 wat]-melons are heap$ ^u ! c\nt] l cannon balls1 ! ,madonna has a tab]nacle ( fre% laurel leaves2 b ! pewt]] next door has let 8 lamp out1 & !re is no?+ to be se5 9 8 %op b ! dull gleam ( ! /udd$ patt]ns on ! copp] pans1 hang+ f 8 ro( 9 ! d>kness4 ,next comes a ,v5dita ,frittole e ,liquori1 :]e ! ,virg91 en?ron$ 9 a v humble mann] beside a tall[ c&le on a back %elf1 presides ov] c]ta9 ambrosial morsels ( a nature too ambigu\s to be def9$ or enum]at$4 ,b a few /eps f>!r on1 at ! regul> w9e-%op ( ! calle1 :]e we are (f]$ ,v9o ,no/rani a ,soldi #bhcb1 ! ,madonna is 9 great glory1 en?ron$ above t5 or a doz5 l>ge r$ casks ( ?ree-ye>-old v9tage1 & flank$ by goodly ranks ( bottles ( ,m>as*9o1 & two crimson lamps2 & = ! ev5+1 :5 ! gondoli]s w come to dr9k out1 "u h] auspices1 ! money !y h ga9$ dur+ ! day1 %e w h a :ole *&eli]4 ,,xiii4 ,a y>d or two f>!r1 we pass ! ho/elry ( ! ,black ,eagle1 &1 glanc+ z we pass ?r\gh ! squ>e door ( m>ble1 deeply m\ld$1 9 ! out] wall1 we see ! %ad[s ( its p]gola ( v9es re/+ on an anci5t well1 ) a po9t$ %ield c>v$ on its side2 & s pres5tly em]ge on ! bridge & ,campo ,san ,mois1 :5ce to ! entrance into ,/4 ,m>k's ,place1 call$ ! ,bocca di ,piazza 7m\? ( ! squ>e71 ! ,v5etian "* is ne>ly de/roy$1 fir/ by ! frightful faade ( ,san ,mois1 :i* we w pause at ano!r "t to exam9e1 & !n by ! mod]niz+ ( ! %ops z !y ne> ! piazza1 & ! m+l+ ) ! l[] ,v5etian populace ( l\ng+ gr\ps ( ,engli% & ,au/rians4 ,we w pu% fa/ ?r\gh !m into ! %ad[ ( ! pill>s at ! end ( ! ,bocca di ,piazza1 & !n we =get !m all2 = betwe5 ^? pill>s !re op5s a great light1 &1 9 ! mid/ ( x1 z we advance sl[ly1 ! va/ t[] ( ,/4 ,m>k seems to lift itself visibly =? f ! level field ( *equ]$ /ones2 &1 on ea* side1 ! c\ntless ar*es prolong !mselves into rang$ symmetry1 z if ! rugg$ & irregul> h\ses t press$ toge!r above u 9 ! d>k alley _h be5 /ruck back into sudd5 ob$i5ce & lovely ord]1 & all _! rude casem5ts & brok5 walls _h be5 trans=m$ into ar*es *>g$ ) goodly sculpture1 & flut$ %afts ( delicate /one4 ,,xiv4 ,& well may !y fall back1 = beyond ^? troops ( ord]$ ar*es !re rises a vision out ( ! e>?1 & all ! great squ>e seems to h op5$ f x 9 a k9d ( awe1 t we may see x f> away2--a multitude ( pill>s & :ite domes1 clu/]$ into a long l[ pyramid ( color$ light2 a treasure-heap1 x seems1 p>tly ( gold1 & p>tly ( opal & "m-(-pe>l1 holl[$ b5ea? into five great vault$ por*es1 ceil$ ) fair mosaic1 & beset ) sculpture ( alaba/]1 cle> z amb] & delicate z ivory1--sculpture fanta/ic & involv$1 ( palm leaves & lilies1 & grapes & pomegranates1 & birds cl++ & flutt]+ among ! bran*es1 all tw9$ toge!r into an endless network ( buds & plumes2 &1 9 ! mid/ ( x1 ! solemn =ms ( angels1 sceptr$1 & rob$ to ! feet1 & lean+ to ea* o!r across ! gates1 _! figures indi/9ct among ! gleam+ ( ! gold5 gr\nd ?r\gh ! leaves beside !m1 int]rupt$ & dim1 l ! morn+ light z x fad$ back among ! bran*es ( ,ed51 :5 fir/ its gates 7 angel-gu>d$ long ago4 ,& r\nd ! walls ( ! por*es !re are set pill>s ( v>iegat$ /ones1 jasp] & porphyry1 & deep-gre5 s]p5t9e spott$ ) flakes ( sn[1 & m>bles1 t half refuse & half yield to ! sun%9e1 ,cleopatra-l1 _! blue/ ve9s to kiss--! %ad[1 z x /eals back f !m1 reveal+ l9e aft] l9e ( azure undulation1 z a rec$+ tide leaves ! wav$ s&2 _! capitals ri* ) int]wov5 trac]y1 root$ knots ( h]bage1 & drift+ leaves ( acan?us & v9e1 & my/ical signs1 all beg9n+ & end+ 9 ! ,cross2 & above !m1 9 ! broad ar*ivolts1 a cont9u\s *a9 ( language & ( life--angels1 & ! signs ( heav51 & ! labors ( m51 ea* 9 its appo9t$ season ^u ! e>?2 & above ^!1 ano!r range ( glitt]+ p9nacles1 mix$ ) :ite ar*es edg$ ) sc>let fl[]s1--a confusion ( delight1 amid/ :i* ! brea/s ( ! ,greek horses are se5 blaz+ 9 _! bread? ( gold5 /r5g?1 & ! ,/4 ,m>k's ,lion1 lift$ on a blue field cov]$ ) />s1 until at la/1 z if 9 ec/asy1 ! cre/s ( ! ar*es break into a m>ble foam1 & toss !mselves f> into ! blue sky 9 fla%es & wrea?s ( sculptur$ spray1 z if ! break]s on ! ,lido %ore _h be5 fro/-b\nd be=e !y fell1 & ! sea-nymphs _h inlaid !m ) coral & ame?y/4 ,betwe5 t grim ca!dral ( ,engl& & ?is1 :at an int]val6 ,!re is a type ( x 9 ! v birds t haunt !m2 =1 in/ead ( ! re/less cr[d1 ho>se-voic$ & sable-w+$1 drift+ on ! bleak upp] air1 ! ,/4 ,m>k's por*es are full ( doves1 t ne/le among ! m>ble foliage1 & m+le ! s(t iridesc5ce ( _! liv+ plumes1 *ang+ at e motion1 ) ! t9ts1 h>dly less lovely1 t h /ood un*ang$ = sev5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,,xv4 ,& :at effect has ?is spl5dor on ^? :o pass b5ea? x8 ,y may walk f sunrise to sunset1 to & fro1 be=e ! gateway ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 & y w n see an eye lift$ to x1 nor a c\nt5ance bright5$ by x4 ,prie/ & layman1 soldi] & civilian1 ri* & poor1 pass by x alike reg>dlessly4 ,up to ! v recesses ( ! por*es1 ! meane/ tradesm5 ( ! city pu% _! c\nt]s2 nay1 ! f\ndations ( its pill>s are !mselves ! seats--n ( !m t sell doves = sacrifice1 b ( ! v5dors ( toys & c>icatures4 ,r\nd ! :ole squ>e 9 front ( ! *ur* !re is almo/ a cont9u\s l9e ( cafs1 :]e ! idle ,v5etians ( ! middle classes l\nge1 & read empty j\rnals2 9 its c5tre ! ,au/rian b&s play dur+ ! "t ( vesp]s1 _! m>tial music j>r+ ) ! organ notes1--! m>* dr[n+ ! mis]]e1 & ! sull5 cr[d ?ick5+ r\nd !m1--a cr[d1 :i*1 if x _h its w1 w\ld /iletto e soldi] t pipes to x4 ,& 9 ! recesses ( ! por*es1 all day long1 knots ( m5 ( ! l[e/ classes1 unemploy$ & li/less1 lie bask+ 9 ! sun l liz>ds2 & unreg>d$ *ildr51--e heavy glance ( _! "y eyes full ( desp]ation & /ony depravity1 & _! ?roats ho>se ) curs+1--gamble1 & fight1 & sn>l1 & sleep1 h\r aft] h\r1 cla%+ _! bruis$ c5tesimi ^u ! m>ble l$ges ( ! *ur* por*4 ,& ! images ( ,*ri/ & ,8 angels look d[n ^u x cont9ually4 ,t we may n ent] ! *ur* out ( ! mid/ ( ! horror ( ?is1 let u turn aside "u ! portico :i* looks t[>ds ! sea1 & pass+ r\nd )9 ! two massive pill>s br\ght f ,/4 ,jean d',acre1 we %all f9d ! gate ( ! ,bapti/]y2 let u ent] !re4 ,! heavy door closes beh9d u in/antly1 & ! light1 & ! turbul5ce ( ! ,piazzetta1 are toge!r %ut out by x4 ,,xvi4 ,we are 9 a l[ vault$ room2 vault$1 n ) ar*es1 b ) small cupolas />r$ ) gold1 & *equ]$ ) gloomy figures3 9 ! c5tre is a bronze font *>g$ ) ri* bas-reliefs1 a small figure ( ! ,bapti/ /&+ above x 9 a s+le ray ( light t glances across ! n>r[ room1 dy+ z x falls f a w9d[ high 9 ! wall1 & ! fir/ ?+ t x /rikes1 & ! only ?+ t x /rikes brightly1 is a tomb4 ,we h>dly "k if x be a tomb inde$2 = x is l a n>r[ c\* set beside ! w9d[1 l[-ro($ & curta9$1 s t x might seem1 b t x has "s height above ! pavem5t1 to h be5 drawn t[>ds ! w9d[1 t ! sleep] might be wak5$ e>ly2--only !re are two angels :o h drawn ! curta9 back1 & are look+ d[n ^u him4 ,let u look also1 & ?ank t g5tle light t re/s ^u 8 =ehead = ev]1 & dies away ^u 8 brea/4 ,! face is ( a man 9 middle life1 b !re are two deep furr[s "r across ! =ehead1 divid+ x l ! f\ndations ( a t[]3 ! height ( x above is b\nd by ! fillet ( ! ducal cap4 ,! re/ ( ! features are s+ul>ly small & delicate1 ! lips %>p1 p]haps ! %>pness ( dea? be+ add$ to t ( ! natural l9es2 b !re is a sweet smile ^u !m1 & a deep s]5ity ^u ! :ole c\nt5ance4 ,! ro( ( ! canopy above has be5 blue1 fill$ ) />s2 b5ea?1 9 ! c5tre ( ! tomb on :i* ! figure re/s1 is a seat$ figure ( ! ,virg91 & ! bord] ( x all ar\nd is ( fl[]s & s(t leaves1 gr[+ ri* & deep1 z if 9 a field 9 summ]4 ,x is ! ,doge ,&rea ,d&olo1 a man e>ly great among ! great ( ,v5ice2 & e>ly lo/4 ,%e *ose him = h] k+ 9 8 #cf? ye>2 he di$ t5 ye>s lat]1 leav+ beh9d him t hi/ory to :i* we owe half ( :at we "k ( h] =m] =tunes4 ,,xvii4 ,look r\nd at ! room 9 :i* he lies4 ,! floor ( x is ( ri* mosaic1 encompass$ by a l[ seat ( r$ m>ble1 & its walls are ( alaba/]1 b worn & %att]$1 & d>kly /a9$ ) age1 almo/ a ru91--9 places ! slabs ( m>ble h fall5 away altoge!r1 & ! rugg$ brickwork is se5 ?r\gh ! r5ts1 b all beautiful2 ! ravag+ fissures frett+ _! way among ! isl&s & *annell$ zones ( ! alaba/]1 & ! "t-/a9s on its transluc5t masses d>k5$ into fields ( ri* gold5 br[n1 l ! color ( seawe$ :5 ! sun /rikes on x ?r\gh deep sea4 ,! light fades away into ! recess ( ! *amb] t[>ds ! alt>1 & ! eye c h>dly trace ! l9es ( ! bas-relief beh9d x ( ! baptism ( ,*ri/3 b on ! vault+ ( ! ro( ! figures are di/9ct1 & !re are se5 ^u x two great circles1 "o surr\nd$ by ! ,pr9cipalities & p[]s 9 heav5ly places1 ( :i* ,milton has express$ ! anci5t division 9 ! s+le massy l9e1 ,?rones1 ,dom9ations1 ,pr9c$oms1 ,virtues1 ,p[]s1 & ar\nd ! o!r1 ! ,apo/les2 ,*ri/ ! c5tre ( bo?2 & ^u ! walls1 aga9 & aga9 repeat$1 ! gaunt figure ( ! ,bapti/1 9 e circum/ance ( 8 life & dea?2 & ! /reams ( ! ,jordan runn+ d[n betwe5 _! clov5 rocks2 ! axe laid to ! root ( a fruitless tree t spr+s ^u _! %ore4 ,e tree t br+e? n =? good fruit %all be hewn d[n1 & ca/ into ! fire4 ,yes1 v]ily3 to be baptiz$ ) fire1 or to be ca/ !re92 x is ! *oice set be=e all m54 ,! m>*-notes /ill murmur ?r\gh ! grat$ w9d[1 & m+le ) ! s\nd+ 9 our e>s ( ! s5t5ce ( judgm5t1 :i* ! old ,greek has writt5 on t ,bapti/]y wall4 ,v5ice has made h] *oice4 ,,xviii4 ,he :o lies "u t /ony canopy w\ld h taught h] ano!r *oice1 9 8 day1 if %e w\ld h li/5$ to him2 b he & 8 c\nsels h long be5 =gott5 by h]1 & ! du/ lies ^u 8 lips4 ,?r\gh ! heavy door ^: bronze network closes ! place ( 8 re/1 let u ent] ! *ur* itself4 ,x is lo/ 9 /ill deep] twilight1 to :i* ! eye mu/ be accu/om$ = "s mom5ts be=e ! =m ( ! build+ c be trac$2 & !n !re op5s be=e u a va/ cave1 hewn out into ! =m ( a ,cross1 & divid$ into %ad[y aisles by _m pill>s4 ,r\nd ! domes ( its ro( ! light ent]s only ?r\gh n>r[ ap]tures l l>ge />s2 & "h & !re a ray or two f "s f> away casem5t w&]s into ! d>kness1 & ca/s a n>r[ phosphoric /ream ^u ! waves ( m>ble t heave & fall 9 a ?\s& colors along ! floor4 ,:at else !re is ( light is f tor*es1 or silv] lamps1 burn+ ceaselessly 9 ! recesses ( ! *apels2 ! ro( %eet$ ) gold1 & ! poli%$ walls cov]$ ) alaba/]1 give back at e curve & angle "s feeble gleam+ to ! flames2 & ! glories r\nd ! heads ( ! sculptur$ sa9ts fla% out ^u u z we pass !m1 & s9k aga9 into ! gloom4 ,"u foot & ov] head1 a cont9ual succession ( cr[d$ imag]y1 "o picture pass+ into ano!r1 z 9 a dream2 =ms beautiful & t]rible mix$ toge!r2 dragons & s]p5ts1 & rav5+ bea/s ( prey1 & graceful birds t 9 ! mid/ ( !m dr9k f runn+ f\nta9s & fe$ f vases ( cry/al2 ! passions & ! pleasures ( human life symboliz$ toge!r1 & ! my/]y ( its r$emption2 = ! mazes ( int]wov5 l9es & *angeful pictures lead always at la/ to ! ,cross1 lift$ & c>v$ 9 e place & ^u e /one2 sometimes ) ! s]p5t ( et]nity wrapt r\nd x1 sometimes ) doves b5ea? its arms1 & sweet h]bage gr[+ =? f its feet2 b conspicu\s mo/ ( all on ! great rood t crosses ! *ur* be=e ! alt>1 rais$ 9 bright blazonry aga9/ ! %ad[ ( ! apse4 ,& al?\gh 9 ! recesses ( ! aisles & *apels1 :5 ! mi/ ( ! inc5se hangs heavily1 we may see cont9ually a figure trac$ 9 fa9t l9es ^u _! m>ble1 a woman /&+ ) h] eyes rais$ to heav51 & ! inscription above h]1 ,"m ( ,god1 %e is n "h ! presid+ deity4 ,x is ! ,cross t is fir/ se51 & always1 burn+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! temple2 & e dome & holl[ ( its ro( has ! figure ( ,*ri/ 9 ! utmo/ height ( x1 rais$ 9 p[]1 or return+ 9 judgm5t4 ,,xix4 ,nor is ?is int]ior )\t effect on ! m9ds ( ! p4 ,at e h\r ( ! day !re are gr\ps collect$ be=e ! v>i\s %r9es1 & solit>y wor%ipp]s scatt]$ ?r\gh ! d>k] places ( ! *ur*1 evid5tly 9 pray] bo? deep & rev]5t1 &1 = ! mo/ "p1 pr(\ndly sorr[ful4 ,! devotees at ! great] numb] ( ! r5[n$ %r9es ( ,romanism may be se5 murmur+ _! appo9t$ pray]s ) w&]+ eyes & un5gag$ ge/ures2 b ! /ep ( ! /rang] does n di/urb ^? :o kneel on ! pavem5t ( ,/4 ,m>k's2 & h>dly a mom5t passes1 f e>ly morn+ to sunset1 9 :i* we may n see "s half-veil$ figure ent] b5ea? ! ,arabian por*1 ca/ itself into long abasem5t on ! floor ( ! temple1 & !n ris+ sl[ly ) m confirm$ /ep1 & ) a passionate kiss & clasp ( ! arms giv5 to ! feet ( ! crucifix1 by :i* ! lamps burn always 9 ! nor!rn aisle1 leave ! *ur*1 z if com=t$4 ,,xx4 ,b we mu/ n ha/ily conclude f ?is t ! nobl] *>act]s ( ! build+ h at pres5t any influ5ce 9 fo/]+ a devotional _s4 ,!re is di/ress en\gh 9 ,v5ice to br+ _m to _! knees1 )\t excitem5t f ext]nal imag]y2 & :atev] !re may be 9 ! temp] ( ! wor%ip (f]$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k's m ?an c be acc\nt$ = by ref]5ce to ! unhappy circum/ances ( ! city1 is assur$ly n ow+ ei!r to ! beauty ( its ar*itecture or to ! impressiv5ess ( ! ,scripture hi/ories embodi$ 9 its mosaics4 ,t x has a peculi> effect1 h[ev] slight1 on ! popul> m9d1 may p]haps be safely conjectur$ f ! numb] ( wor%ipp]s :i* x attracts1 :ile ! *ur*es ( ,/4 ,paul & ! ,fr>i1 l>g] 9 size & m c5tral 9 position1 are left comp>atively empty4#bh ,b ?is effect is altoge!r to be ascrib$ to its ri*] assemblage ( ^? s\rces ( influ5ce :i* address !mselves to ! commone/ in/9cts ( ! human m9d1 & :i*1 9 all ages & c\ntries1 h be5 m or less employ$ 9 ! support ( sup]/ition4 ,d>kness & my/]y2 confus$ recesses ( build+2 artificial light employ$ 9 small quantity1 b ma9ta9$ ) a con/ancy :i* seems to give x a k9d ( sacr$ness2 preci\sness ( mat]ial easily compreh5d$ by ! vulg> eye2 close air load$ ) a sweet & peculi> odor associat$ only ) religi\s s]vices1 solemn music1 & tangible idols or images hav+ popul> leg5ds atta*$ to !m1--^!1 ! /age prop]ties ( sup]/ition1 :i* h be5 f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 & mu/ be to ! end ( x1 employ$ by all nations1 :e!r op5ly savage or nom9ally civiliz$1 to produce a false awe 9 m9ds incapable ( appreh5d+ ! true nature ( ! ,deity1 are assembl$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k's to a degree1 z f> z ,i "k1 unexampl$ 9 any o!r ,european *ur*4 ,! arts ( ! ,magus & ! ,brahm9 are exhau/$ 9 ! animation ( a p>alyz$ ,*ri/ianity2 & ! popul> s5tim5t :i* ^! arts excite is to be reg>d$ by u ) no m respect ?an we %\ld h consid]$ ourselves ju/ifi$ 9 r5d]+ to ! devotion ( ! wor%ipp]s at ,eleusis1 ,ellora1 or ,edf\4#bi ,,xxi4 ,inde$1 ^! inf]ior means ( excit+ religi\s emotion 7 employ$ 9 ! anci5t ,*ur* z !y are at ?is day1 b n employ$ alone4 ,tor*light !re 01 z !re is n[2 b ! tor*light illum9$ ,scripture hi/ories on ! walls1 :i* e eye trac$ & e he>t compreh5d$1 b :i*1 dur+ my :ole resid5ce 9 ,v5ice1 ,i nev] saw "o ,v5etian reg>d = an in/ant4 ,i nev] he>d f any "o ! mo/ languid expression ( int]e/ 9 any feature ( ! *ur*1 or p]ceiv$ ! slighte/ evid5ce ( _! und]/&+ ! mean+ ( its ar*itecture2 & :ile1 !re=e1 ! ,engli% ca!dral1 ?\gh no long] d$icat$ to ! k9d ( s]vices = :i* x 0 int5d$ by its build]s1 & mu* at v>iance 9 _m ( its *>act]s ) ! temp] ( ! p by :om x is n[ surr\nd$1 reta9s yet s mu* ( its religi\s influ5ce t no prom95t feature ( its ar*itecture c be said to exi/ altoge!r 9 va91 we h 9 ,/4 ,m>k's a build+ app>5tly /ill employ$ 9 ! c]emonies = :i* x 0 design$1 & yet ( :i* ! impressive attributes h altoge!r ceas$ to be compreh5d$ by its vot>ies4 ,! beauty :i* x possesses is unfelt1 ! language x uses is =gott52 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! city to ^: s]vice x has s long be5 consecrat$1 & /ill fill$ by cr[ds ( ! desc5dants ( ^? to :om x owes its magnific5ce1 x /&s1 9 reality1 m desolate ?an ! ru9s ?r\gh :i* ! %eep-walk passes unbrok5 9 our ,engli% valleys2 & ! writ+ on its m>ble walls is less reg>d$ & less p[]ful = ! tea*+ ( m51 ?an ! lett]s :i* ! %eph]d foll[s ) 8 f+]1 :]e ! moss is lighte/ on ! tombs 9 ! desecrat$ cloi/]4 ,,xxii4 ,x mu/ !re=e be altoge!r )\t ref]5ce to its pres5t usefulness1 t we pursue our inquiry into ! m]its & mean+ ( ! ar*itecture ( ?is m>vell\s build+2 & x c only be aft] we h t]m9at$ t inquiry1 conduct+ x c>efully on ab/ract gr\nds1 t we c pron\nce ) any c]ta9ty h[ f> ! pres5t neglect ( ,/4 ,m>k's is significative ( ! decl9e ( ! ,v5etian "*1 or h[ f> ?is *ur* is to be consid]$ z ! relic ( a b>b>\s age1 incapable ( attract+ ! admiration1 or influ5c+ ! feel+s ( a civiliz$ community4 ,! inquiry be=e u is tw(old4 ,?r\gh\t ! fir/ volume1 ,i c>efully kept ! /udy ( expression di/9ct f t ( ab/ract ar*itectural p]fection2 tell+ ! read] t 9 e build+ we %\ld aft]w>ds exam9e1 he w\ld h fir/ to =m a judgm5t ( its con/ruction & decorative m]it1 consid]+ x m]ely z a "w ( art2 & !n to exam9e f>!r1 9 :at degree x fulfill$ its expressional purposes4 ,accord+ly1 we h fir/ to judge ( ,/4 ,m>k's m]ely z a piece ( ar*itecture1 n z a *ur*2 secondly1 to e/imate its fitness = its special duty z a place ( wor%ip1 & ! relation 9 :i* x /&s1 z su*1 to ^? nor!rn ca!drals t /ill reta9 s mu* ( ! p[] ov] ! human he>t1 :i* ! ,byzant9e domes appe> to h lo/ = ev]4 ,,xxiii4 ,9 ! two succe$+ sections ( ?is "w1 devot$ respectively to ! exam9ation ( ! ,go?ic & ,r5aissance build+s 9 ,v5ice1 ,i h endeavor$ to analyze & /ate1 z briefly z possible1 ! true nature ( ea* s*ool1--fir/ 9 ,_s1 !n 9 ,=m4 ,i wi%$ to h giv5 a simil> analysis1 9 ?is section1 ( ! nature ( ,byzant9e ar*itecture2 b c\ld n make my /atem5ts g5]al1 because ,i h nev] se5 ?is k9d ( build+ on its native soil4 ,nev]!less1 9 ! foll[+ sket* ( ! pr9ciples exemplifi$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k's1 ,i believe t mo/ ( ! lead+ features & motives ( ! /yle w be f\nd cle>ly en\gh di/+ui%$ to enable ! read] to judge ( x ) tol]able fairness1 z comp>$ ) ! bett] kn[n sy/ems ( ,european ar*itecture 9 ! middle ages4 ,,xxiv4 ,n[ ! fir/ broad *>act]i/ic ( ! build+1 & ! root ne>ly ( e o!r important peculi>ity 9 x1 is its confess$ incru/ation4 ,x is ! pure/ example 9 ,italy ( ! great s*ool ( ar*itecture 9 :i* ! rul+ pr9ciple is ! incru/ation ( brick ) m preci\s mat]ials2 & x is necess>y be=e we proce$ to criticise any "o ( its arrangem5ts1 t ! read] %\ld c>efully consid] ! pr9ciples :i* are likely to h influ5c$1 or might legitimately influ5ce1 ! ar*itects ( su* a s*ool1 z di/+ui%$ f ^? ^: designs are to be execut$ 9 massive mat]ials4 ,x is true1 t among diff]5t nations1 & at diff]5t times1 we may f9d examples ( e sort & degree ( incru/ation1 f ! m]e sett+ ( ! l>g] & m compact /ones by pref]5ce at ! outside ( ! wall1 to ! mis]able con/ruction ( t mod]n brick cornice1 ) its coat+ ( cem5t1 :i*1 b ! o!r day1 9 ,london1 kill$ its unhappy workm5 9 its fall4#cj ,b j z x is p]fectly possible to h a cle> idea ( ! oppos+ *>act]i/ics ( two diff]5t species ( plants or animals1 ?\gh betwe5 ! two !re are v>ieties :i* x is difficult to assign ei!r to ! "o or ! o!r1 s ! read] may fix decisively 9 8 m9d ! legitimate *>act]i/ics ( ! incru/$ & ! massive /yles1 ?\gh betwe5 ! two !re are v>ieties :i* confess$ly unite ! attributes ( bo?4 ,= in/ance1 9 _m ,roman rema9s1 built ( blocks ( tufa & incru/$ ) m>ble1 we h a /yle1 :i*1 ?\gh truly solid1 possesses "s ( ! attributes ( incru/ation2 & 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,flor5ce1 built ( brick & coat$ ) m>ble1 ! m>ble fac+ is s firmly & exquisitely set1 t ! build+1 ?\gh 9 reality incru/$1 assumes ! attributes ( solidity4 ,b ^! int]m$iate examples ne$ n 9 ! lea/ confuse our g5]ally di/9ct ideas ( ! two families ( build+s3 ! "o 9 :i* ! sub/ance is alike ?r\gh\t1 & ! =ms & conditions ( ! ornam5t assume or prove t x is s1 z 9 ! be/ ,greek build+s1 & = ! mo/ "p 9 our e>ly ,norman & ,go?ic2 & ! o!r1 9 :i* ! sub/ance is ( two k9ds1 "o int]nal1 ! o!r ext]nal1 & ! sy/em ( decoration is f\nd$ on ?is duplicity1 z pre-em95tly 9 ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,,xxv4 ,i h us$ ! ^w duplicity 9 no depreciatory s5se4 ,9 *apt] ii4 ( ! ,sev5 ,lamps1 #ah1 ,i especially gu>d$ ?is incru/$ s*ool f ! imputation ( ins9c]ity1 & ,i mu/ d s n[ at great] l5g?4 ,x appe>s ins9c]e at fir/ to a ,nor!rn build]1 because1 accu/om$ to build ) solid blocks ( free/one1 he is 9 ! habit ( suppos+ ! ext]nal sup]ficies ( a piece ( masonry to be "s crit]ion ( its ?ickness4 ,b1 z soon z he gets acqua9t$ ) ! incru/$ /yle1 he w f9d t ! ,s\!rn build]s _h no int5tion to deceive him4 ,he w see t e slab ( facial m>ble is fa/5$ to ! next by a confess$ rivet1 & t ! jo9ts ( ! armor are s visibly & op5ly accommodat$ to ! cont\rs ( ! sub/ance )91 t he has no m "r to compla9 ( trea*]y ?an a savage w\ld h1 :o1 = ! fir/ "t 9 8 life see+ a man 9 armor1 _h suppos$ him to be made ( solid /eel4 ,acqua9t him ) ! cu/oms ( *ivalry1 & ) ! uses ( ! coat ( mail1 & he ceases to accuse ( di%one/y ei!r ! panoply or ! knight4 ,^! laws & cu/oms ( ! ,/4 ,m>k's ar*itectural *ivalry x mu/ be our bus9ess to develope4 ,,xxvi4 ,fir/1 consid] ! natural circum/ances :i* give rise to su* a /yle4 ,suppose a nation ( build]s1 plac$ f> f any qu>ries ( available /one1 & hav+ prec>i\s access to ! ma9l& :]e !y exi/2 compell$ !re=e ei!r to build entirely ) brick1 or to import :atev] /one !y use f great di/ances1 9 %ips ( small tonnage1 & = ! mo/ "p dep5d5t = spe$ on ! o> r ?an ! sail4 ,! labor & co/ ( c>riage are j z great1 :e!r !y import common or preci\s /one1 & !re=e ! natural t5d5cy w\ld always be to make ea* %ipload z valuable z possible4 ,b 9 proportion to ! preci\sness ( ! /one1 is ! limitation ( its possible supply2 limitation n det]m9$ m]ely by co/1 b by ! physical conditions ( ! mat]ial1 = ( _m m>bles1 pieces above a c]ta9 size are n to be _h = money4 ,!re w\ld also be a t5d5cy 9 su* circum/ances to import z mu* /one z possible ready sculptur$1 9 ord] to save weight2 & !re=e1 if ! traffic ( _! m]*ants l$ !m to places :]e !re 7 ru9s ( anci5t edifices1 to %ip ! available fragm5ts ( !m home4 ,out ( ?is supply ( m>ble1 p>tly compos$ ( pieces ( s preci\s a quality t only a few tons ( !m c\ld be on any t]ms obta9$1 & p>tly ( %afts1 capitals1 & o!r portions ( =eign build+s1 ! isl& ar*itect has to fa%ion1 z be/ he may1 ! anatomy ( 8 edifice4 ,x is at 8 *oice ei!r to lodge 8 few blocks ( preci\s m>ble "h & !re among 8 masses ( brick1 & to cut out ( ! sculptur$ fragm5ts su* new =ms z may be necess>y = ! obs]vance ( fix$ proportions 9 ! new build+2 or else to cut ! color$ /ones into ?9 pieces1 ( ext5t suffici5t to face ! :ole surface ( ! walls1 & to adopt a me?od ( con/ruction irregul> en\gh to admit ! ins]tion ( fragm5t>y sculptures2 r ) a view ( display+ _! intr9sic beauty1 ?an ( sett+ !m to any regul> s]vice 9 ! support ( ! build+4 ,an ar*itect :o c>$ only to display 8 own skill1 & _h no respect = ! works ( o!rs1 w\ld assur$ly h *os5 ! =m] alt]native1 & w\ld h sawn ! old m>bles into fragm5ts 9 ord] to prev5t all int]f]5ce ) 8 own designs4 ,b an ar*itect :o c>$ = ! pres]vation ( noble "w1 :e!r 8 own or o!rs'1 & m reg>d$ ! beauty ( 8 build+ ?an 8 own fame1 w\ld h done :at ^? old build]s ( ,/4 ,m>k's did = u1 & sav$ e relic ) :i* he 0 entru/$4 ,,xxvii4 ,b ^! 7 n ! only motives :i* influ5c$ ! ,v5etians 9 ! adoption ( _! me?od ( ar*itecture4 ,x might1 "u all ! circum/ances above /at$1 h be5 a "q ) o!r build]s1 :e!r to import "o %ipload ( co/ly jasp]s1 or tw5ty ( *alk fl9ts2 & :e!r to build a small *ur* fac$ ) porphyry & pav$ ) agate1 or to raise a va/ ca!dral 9 free/one4 ,b ) ! ,v5etians x c\ld n be a "q = an in/ant2 !y 7 exiles f anci5t & beautiful cities1 & _h be5 accu/om$ to build ) _! ru9s1 n less 9 affection ?an 9 admiration3 !y _h ?us n only gr[n famili> ) ! practice ( ins]t+ old] fragm5ts 9 mod]n build+s1 b !y ow$ to t practice a great "p ( ! spl5dor ( _! city1 & :atev] *>m ( association might aid its *ange f a ,refuge into a ,home4 ,! practice :i* began 9 ! affections ( a fugitive nation1 0 prolong$ 9 ! pride ( a conqu]+ "o2 & beside ! memorials ( dep>t$ happ9ess1 7 elevat$ ! trophies ( return+ victory4 ,! %ip ( w> br\ght home m m>ble 9 triumph ?an ! m]*ant vessel 9 speculation2 & ! front ( ,/4 ,m>k's became r a %r9e at :i* to d$icate ! spl5dor ( miscellane\s spoil1 ?an ! organiz$ expression ( any fix$ ar*itectural law1 or religi\s emotion4 ,,xxviii4 ,?us f>1 h[ev]1 ! ju/ification ( ! /yle ( ?is *ur* dep5ds on circum/ances peculi> to ! "t ( its erection1 & to ! spot :]e x arose4 ,! m]it ( its me?od1 consid]$ 9 ! ab/ract1 re/s on f> broad] gr\nds4 ,9 ! fif? *apt] ( ! ,sev5 ,lamps1 #ad1 ! read] w f9d ! op9ion ( a mod]n ar*itect ( "s reputation1 ,mr4 ,wood1 t ! *ief ?+ rem>kable 9 ?is *ur* is its extreme ugl9ess2 & he w f9d ?is op9ion associat$ ) ano!r1 namely1 t ! works ( ! ,c>acci are f> pref]able to ^? ( ! ,v5etian pa9t]s4 ,?is second /atem5t ( feel+ reveals to u "o ( ! pr9cipal causes ( ! fir/2 namely1 t ,mr4 ,wood _h n any p]ception ( color1 or delight 9 x4 ,! p]ception ( color is a gift j z def9itely grant$ to "o p]son1 & d5i$ to ano!r1 z an e> = music2 & ! v fir/ requisite = true judgm5t ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 is ! p]fection ( t color-faculty :i* few p ev] set !mselves s]i\sly to f9d out :e!r !y possess or n4 ,= x is on its value z a piece ( p]fect & un*angeable color+1 t ! claims ( ?is edifice to our respect are f9ally re/$2 & a deaf man might z well pret5d to pron\nce judgm5t on ! m]its ( a full or*e/ra1 z an ar*itect tra9$ 9 ! composition ( =m only1 to disc]n ! beauty ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,x possesses ! *>m ( color 9 common ) ! great] "p ( ! ar*itecture1 z well z ( ! manufactures1 ( ! ,ea/2 b ! ,v5etians des]ve especial note z ! only ,european p :o appe> to h sympa?iz$ to ! full ) ! great in/9ct ( ! ,ea/]n races4 ,!y inde$ 7 compell$ to br+ arti/s f ,con/ant9ople to design ! mosaics ( ! vaults ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 & to gr\p ! colors ( its por*es2 b !y rapidly took up & develop$1 "u m mascul9e conditions1 ! sy/em ( :i* ! ,greeks _h %[n !m ! example3 :ile ! burgh]s & b>ons ( ! ,nor? 7 build+ _! d>k /reets & grisly ca/les ( oak & s&/one1 ! m]*ants ( ,v5ice 7 cov]+ _! palaces ) porphyry & gold2 & at la/1 :5 h] mighty pa9t]s _h creat$ = h] a color m priceless ?an gold or porphyry1 ev5 ?is1 ! ri*e/ ( h] treasures1 %e lavi%$ ^u walls ^: f\ndations 7 beat5 by ! sea2 & ! /rong tide1 z x runs b5ea? ! ,rialto1 is r$d5$ to ?is day by ! reflection ( ! frescoes ( ,giorgione4 ,,xxix4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! read] does n c>e = color1 ,i mu/ prote/ aga9/ 8 endeavor to =m any judgm5t :atev] ( ?is *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,b1 if he bo? c>es = & loves x1 let him rememb] t ! s*ool ( incru/$ ar*itecture is ! only "o 9 :i* p]fect & p]man5t *romatic decoration is possible2 & let him look ^u e piece ( jasp] & alaba/] giv5 to ! ar*itect z a cake ( v h>d color1 ( :i* a c]ta9 portion is to be gr\nd d[n or cut (f1 to pa9t ! walls )4 ,once und]/& ?is ?or\ghly1 & accept ! condition t ! body & avail+ /r5g? ( ! edifice are to be 9 brick1 & t ?is "u muscul> p[] ( brickwork is to be clo!d ) ! def5ce & ! brightness ( ! m>ble1 z ! body ( an animal is protect$ & adorn$ by its scales or its sk91 & all ! consequ5t fitnesses & laws ( ! /ructure w be easily disc]nible3 ,^! ,i %all /ate 9 _! natural ord]4 ,,xxx4 ,,law ,i4 ,t ! pl9?s & cornices us$ = b9d+ ! armor are to be light & delicate4 ,a c]ta9 ?ickness1 at lea/ two or ?ree in*es1 mu/ be requir$ 9 ! cov]+ pieces 7ev5 :5 compos$ ( ! /ronge/ /one1 & set on ! lea/ expos$ p>ts71 9 ord] to prev5t ! *ance ( fracture1 & to all[ = ! we> ( "t4 ,& ! weight ( ?is armor mu/ n be tru/$ to cem5t2 ! pieces mu/ n be m]ely glu$ to ! r\gh brick surface1 b connect$ ) ! mass :i* !y protect by b9d+ cornices & /r+ c\rses2 & ) ea* o!r1 s z to secure mutual support1 aid$ by ! rivet+s1 b by no means dep5d5t ^u !m4 ,&1 = ! full hone/y & /raight-=w>dness ( ! "w1 x is necess>y t ^! /r+ c\rses & b9d+ pl9?s %\ld n be ( su* proportions z w\ld fit !m = tak+ any important "p 9 ! h>d "w ( ! inn] /ructure1 or r5d] !m liable to be mi/ak5 = ! great cornices & pl9?s already expla9$ z ess5tial p>ts ( ! be/ solid build+4 ,!y mu/ be delicate1 slight1 & visibly incapable ( sev]] "w ?an t assign$ to !m4 ,,xxxi4 ,,law ,,ii4 ,sci5ce ( inn] /ructure is to be ab&on$4 ,z ! body ( ! /ructure is confess$ly ( inf]ior1 & comp>atively incoh]5t mat]ials1 x w\ld be absurd to attempt 9 x any expression ( ! high] ref9em5ts ( con/ruction4 ,x w be en\gh t by its mass we are assur$ ( its suffici5cy & /r5g?2 & !re is ! less reason = endeavor+ to dim9i% ! ext5t ( its surface by delicacy ( adju/m5t1 because on ! bread? ( t surface we are to dep5d = ! bett] display ( ! color1 :i* is to be ! *ief s\rce ( our pleasure 9 ! build+4 ,! ma9 body ( ! "w1 !re=e1 w be compos$ ( solid walls & massive pi]s2 & :atev] expression ( f9] /ructural sci5ce we may require1 w be ?r[n ei!r into subord9ate portions ( x1 or entirely direct$ to ! support ( ! ext]nal mail1 :]e 9 ar*es or vaults x might o!rwise appe> dang]\sly indep5d5t ( ! mat]ial )94 ,,xxxii4 ,,law ,,iii4 ,all %afts are to be solid4 ,:]ev]1 by ! smallness ( ! p>ts1 we may be driv5 to ab&on ! incru/$ /ructure at all1 x mu/ be ab&on$ altoge!r4 ,! eye mu/ nev] be left 9 ! lea/ d\bt z to :at is solid & :at is coat$4 ,:atev] appe>s probably solid1 mu/ be assur$ly s1 & !re=e x becomes an inviolable law t no %aft %all ev] be incru/$4 ,n only does ! :ole virtue ( a %aft dep5d on its consolidation1 b ! labor ( cutt+ & adju/+ an incru/$ coat to x w\ld be great] ?an ! sav+ ( mat]ial is wor?4 ,!re=e ! %aft1 ( :atev] size1 is always to be solid2 & because ! incru/$ "* ( ! re/ ( ! build+ r5d]s x m difficult = ! %afts to cle> !mselves f suspicion1 !y mu/ n1 9 ?is incru/$ /yle1 be 9 any place jo9t$4 ,no %aft mu/ ev] be us$ b ( "o block2 & ?is ! m1 because ! p]mission giv5 to ! build] to h 8 walls & pi]s z pond]\s z he likes1 r5d]s x q unnecess>y = him to use %afts ( any fix$ size4 ,9 our ,norman & ,go?ic1 :]e def9ite support is requir$ at a def9ite po9t1 x becomes lawful to build up a t[] ( small /ones 9 ! %ape ( a %aft4 ,b ! ,byzant9e is all[$ to h z mu* support z he wants f ! walls 9 e direction1 & he has no "r to ask = fur!r lic5se 9 ! /ructure ( 8 %afts4 ,let him1 by g5]osity 9 ! sub/ance ( 8 pill>s1 repay u = ! p]mission we h giv5 him to be sup]ficial 9 8 walls4 ,! build] 9 ! *alk valleys ( ,france & ,engl& may be blameless 9 knead+ 8 clumsy pi] out ( brok5 fl9t & calc9$ lime2 b ! ,v5etian1 :o has access to ! ri*es ( ,asia & ! qu>ries ( ,egypt1 mu/ frame at lea/ 8 %afts out ( flawless /one4 ,,xxxiii4 ,& ?is = ano!r reason yet4 ,al?\gh1 z we h said1 x is impossible to cov] ! walls ( a l>ge build+ ) color1 except on ! condition ( divid+ ! /one into plates1 !re is always a c]ta9 appe>ance ( meanness & nigg>dl9ess 9 ! proc$ure4 ,x is necess>y t ! build] %\ld ju/ify himself f ?is suspicion2 & prove t x is n 9 m]e economy or pov]ty1 b 9 ! real impossibility ( do+ o!rwise1 t he has %eet$ 8 walls s ?9ly ) ! preci\s film4 ,n[ ! %aft is exactly ! portion ( ! edifice 9 :i* x is fitte/ to recov] 8 honor 9 ?is respect4 ,= if blocks ( jasp] or porphyry be ins]t$ 9 ! walls1 ! spectator _c tell _! ?ickness1 & _c judge ( ! co/l9ess ( ! sacrifice4 ,b ! %aft he c measure ) 8 eye 9 an in/ant1 & e/imate ! quantity ( treasure bo? 9 ! mass ( its exi/+ sub/ance1 & 9 t :i* has be5 hewn away to br+ x into its p]fect & symmetrical =m4 ,& ?us ! %afts ( all build+s ( ?is k9d are ju/ly reg>d$ z an expression ( _! weal?1 & a =m ( treasure1 j z mu* z ! jewels or gold 9 ! sacr$ vessels2 !y are1 9 fact1 no?+ else ?an l>ge jewels1#ca ! block ( preci\s s]p5t9e or jasp] be+ valu$ accord+ to its size & brilliancy ( color1 l a l>ge em]ald or ruby2 only ! bulk requir$ to be/[ value on ! "o is to be measur$ 9 feet & tons1 & on ! o!r 9 l9es & c>ats4 ,! %afts mu/ !re=e be1 )\t exception1 ( "o block 9 all build+s ( ?is k9d2 = ! attempt 9 any place to incru/ or jo9t !m w\ld be a deception l t ( introduc+ a false /one among jewell]y 7= a numb] ( jo9ts ( any preci\s /one are ( c\rse n equal 9 value to a s+le piece ( equal weight71 & w\ld put an end at once to ! spectator's confid5ce 9 ! expression ( weal? 9 any portion ( ! /ructure1 or ( ! _s ( sacrifice 9 ^? :o rais$ x4 ,,xxxiv4 ,,law ,,iv4 ,! %afts may sometimes be indep5d5t ( ! con/ruction4 ,exactly 9 proportion to ! importance :i* ! %aft assumes z a l>ge jewel1 is ! dim9ution ( its importance z a su/a9+ memb]2 = ! delight :i* we receive 9 its ab/ract bulk1 & beauty ( color1 is altoge!r indep5d5t ( any p]ception ( its adaptation to me*anical necessities4 ,l o!r beautiful ?+s 9 ?is _w1 its end is to be beautiful2 &1 9 proportion to its beauty1 x receives p]mission to be o!rwise useless4 ,we d n blame em]alds & rubies because we _c make !m into heads ( hamm]s4 ,nay1 s f> f our admiration ( ! jewel %aft be+ dep5d5t on its do+ "w = u1 x is v possible t a *ief "p ( its preci\sness may consi/ 9 a delicacy1 fragility1 & t5d]ness ( mat]ial1 :i* mu/ r5d] x utt]ly unfit = h>d "w2 & !re=e t we %all admire x ! m1 because we p]ceive t if we 7 to put mu* weight ^u x1 x w\ld be cru%$4 ,b1 at all ev5ts1 x is v cle> t ! primal object 9 ! plac+ ( su* %afts mu/ be ! display ( _! beauty to ! be/ advantage1 & t !re=e all imb$d+ ( !m 9 walls1 or cr[d+ ( !m into gr\ps1 9 any position 9 :i* ei!r _! real size or any portion ( _! surface w\ld be conceal$1 is ei!r inadmissible altoge!r1 or objectionable 9 proportion to _! value2 t no symmetrical or sci5tific arrangem5ts ( pill>s are !re=e ev] to be expect$ 9 build+s ( ?is k9d1 & t all su* are ev5 to be look$ ^u z positive errors & misapplications ( mat]ials3 b t1 on ! contr>y1 we mu/ be con/antly prep>$ to see1 & to see ) admiration1 %afts ( great size & importance set 9 places :]e _! real s]vice is little m ?an nom9al1 & :]e ! *ief end ( _! exi/5ce is to cat* ! sun%9e ^u _! poli%$ sides1 & lead ! eye into delight$ w&]+ among ! mazes ( _! azure ve9s4 ,,xxxv4 ,,law ,v4 ,! %afts may be ( v>iable size4 ,s9ce ! value ( ea* %aft dep5ds ^u its bulk1 & dim9i%es ) ! dim9ution ( its mass1 9 a great] ratio ?an ! size itself dim9i%es1 z 9 ! case ( all o!r jewell]y1 x is evid5t t we mu/ n 9 g5]al expect p]fect symmetry & equality among ! s]ies ( %afts1 any m ?an def9it5ess ( application2 b t1 on ! contr>y1 an accurately obs]v$ symmetry ought to give u a k9d ( pa91 z prov+ t consid]able & useless loss has be5 su/a9$ by "s ( ! %afts1 9 be+ cut d[n to mat* ) ! re/4 ,x is true t symmetry is g5]ally s\ght = 9 works ( small] jewell]y2 b1 ev5 !re1 n a p]fect symmetry1 & obta9$ "u circum/ances q diff]5t f ^? :i* affect ! plac+ ( %afts 9 ar*itecture4 ,fir/3 ! symmetry is usually imp]fect4 ,! /ones t seem to mat* ea* o!r 9 a r+ or necklace1 appe> to d s only because !y are s small t _! diff]5ces are n easily measur$ by ! eye2 b !re is almo/ always su* diff]5ce betwe5 !m z w\ld be /rik+ly app>5t if x exi/$ 9 ! same proportion betwe5 two %afts n9e or t5 feet 9 height4 ,secondly3 ! quantity ( /ones :i* pass ?r\gh a jewell]'s h&s1 & ! facility ( ex*ange ( su* small objects1 enable ! tradesman to select any numb] ( /ones ( approximate size2 a selection1 h[ev]1 (t5 requir+ s mu* "t1 t p]fect symmetry 9 a gr\p ( v f9e /ones adds enorm\sly to _! value4 ,b ! ar*itect has nei!r ! "t nor ! facilities ( ex*ange4 ,he _c lay aside "o column 9 a corn] ( 8 *ur* till1 9 ! c\rse ( traffic1 he obta9 ano!r t w mat* x2 he has n hundr$s ( %afts fa/5$ up 9 bundles1 out ( :i* he c mat* sizes at 8 ease2 he _c s5d to a bro!r-tradesman & ex*ange ! useless /ones = available ones1 to ! conv5i5ce ( bo?4 ,8 blocks ( /one1 or 8 ready hewn %afts1 h be5 br\ght to him 9 limit$ numb]1 f imm5se di/ances2 no o!rs are to be _h2 & = ^? :i* he does n br+ into use1 !re is no dem& else:]e4 ,8 only means ( obta9+ symmetry w !re=e be1 9 cutt+ d[n ! f9] masses to equality ) ! inf]ior ones2 & ?is we ought n to desire him (t5 to d4 ,& !re=e1 :ile sometimes 9 a ,baldac*9o1 or an important *apel or %r9e1 ?is co/ly symmetry may be necess>y1 & admirable 9 proportion to its probable co/1 9 ! g5]al fabric we mu/ expect to see %afts introduc$ ( size & proportion cont9ually v>y+1 & su* symmetry z may be obta9$ among !m nev] altoge!r p]fect1 & dep5d5t = its *>m frequ5tly on /range complexities & unexpect$ ris+ & fall+ ( weight & acc5t 9 its m>ble syllables2 be>+ ! same relation to a rigidly *isell$ & proportion$ ar*itecture t ! wild lyric rhy?m ( s*ylus or ,p9d> be>s to ! f9i%$ measures ( ,pope4 ,,xxxvi4 ,! application ( ! pr9ciples ( jewell]y to ! small] z well z ! l>g] blocks1 w sugge/ to u ano!r reason = ! me?od ( incru/ation adopt$ 9 ! walls4 ,x (t5 happ5s t ! beauty ( ! ve9+ 9 "s v>ieties ( alaba/] is s great1 t x becomes desirable to exhibit x by divid+ ! /one1 n m]ely to economize its sub/ance1 b to display ! *anges 9 ! disposition ( its fanta/ic l9es4 ,by rev]s+ "o ( two ?9 plates successively tak5 f ! /one1 & plac+ _! correspond+ edges 9 contact1 a p]fectly symmetrical figure may be obta9$1 :i* w enable ! eye to compreh5d m ?or\ghly ! position ( ! ve9s4 ,& ?is is actually ! me?od 9 :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! alaba/]s ( ,/4 ,m>k are employ$2 ?us accompli%+ a d\ble good1--direct+ ! spectator1 9 ! fir/ place1 to close obs]vation ( ! nature ( ! /one employ$1 & 9 ! second1 giv+ him a f>!r pro( ( ! hone/y ( int5tion 9 ! build]3 = :]ev] simil> ve9+ is discov]$ 9 two pieces1 ! fact is decl>$ t !y h be5 cut f ! same /one4 ,x w\ld h be5 easy to disguise ! simil>ity by us+ !m 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! build+2 b on ! contr>y !y are set edge to edge1 s t ! :ole sy/em ( ! ar*itecture may be discov]$ at a glance by any "o acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( ! /ones employ$4 ,nay1 b1 x is p]haps answ]$ me1 n by an ord9>y obs]v]2 a p]son ignorant ( ! nature ( alaba/] might p]haps fancy all ^! symmetrical patt]ns to h be5 f\nd 9 ! /one itself1 & ?us be d\bly deceiv$1 suppos+ blocks to be solid & symmetrical :i* 7 9 reality subdivid$ & irregul>4 ,i grant x2 b be x rememb]$1 t 9 all ?+s1 ignorance is liable to be deceiv$1 & has no "r to accuse any?+ b itself z ! s\rce ( ! deception4 ,! /yle & ! words are di%one/1 n :i* are liable to be misund]/ood if subject$ to no inquiry1 b :i* are delib]ately calculat$ to lead inquiry a/ray4 ,!re are p]haps no great or noble tru?s1 f ^? ( religion d[nw>ds1 :i* pres5t no mi/akeable aspect to casual or ignorant contemplation4 ,bo? ! tru? & ! lie agree 9 hid+ !mselves at fir/1 b ! lie cont9ues to hide itself ) ef=t1 z we approa* to exam9e x2 & leads u1 if undiscov]$1 into deep] lies2 ! tru? reveals itself 9 proportion to our pati5ce & k1 discov]s itself k9dly to our plead+1 & leads u1 z x is discov]$1 into deep] tru?s4 ,,xxxvii4 ,,law ,,vi4 ,! decoration mu/ be %all[ 9 cutt+4 ,! me?od ( con/ruction be+ ?us sy/ematiz$1 x is evid5t t a c]ta9 /yle ( decoration mu/ arise out ( x1 bas$ on ! primal condition t ov] ! great] "p ( ! edifice !re c be no deep cutt+4 ,! ?9 %eets ( cov]+ /ones d n admit ( x2 we mu/ n cut !m ?r\gh to ! bricks2 & :atev] ornam5ts we engrave ^u !m _c1 !re=e1 be m ?an an in* deep at ! utmo/4 ,consid] = an in/ant ! enorm\s diff]5ces :i* ?is s+le condition compels betwe5 ! sculptural decoration ( ! incru/$ /yle1 & t ( ! solid /ones ( ! ,nor?1 :i* may be hack$ & hewn into :atev] cav]n\s holl[s & black recesses we *oose2 /ruck into grim d>knesses & grotesque projections1 & rugg$ pl\gh+s up ( s9u\s furr[s1 9 :i* any =m or ?\ght may be wr\ght out on any scale1--mighty /atues ) robes ( rock & cr[n$ =eheads burn+ 9 ! sun1 or v5om\s gobl9s & /eal?y dragons %runk into lurk+-places ( untraceable %ade3 ?9k ( ?is1 & ( ! play & fre$om giv5 to ! sculptor's h& & temp]1 to smite out & 91 hi!r & ?i!r1 z he w2 & !n consid] :at mu/ be ! diff]5t _s ( ! design :i* is to be wr\ght on ! smoo? surface ( a film ( m>ble1 :]e e l9e & %ad[ mu/ be drawn ) ! mo/ t5d] p5cill+ & cauti\s res]ve ( res\rce1--:]e ev5 ! *isel mu/ n /rike h>d1 le/ x break ?r\gh ! delicate /one1 nor ! m9d be p]mitt$ 9 any impetuosity ( conception inconsi/5t ) ! f9e discipl9e ( ! h&4 ,consid] t :atev] animal or human =m is to be sugge/$1 mu/ be project$ on a flat surface2 t all ! features ( ! c\nt5ance1 ! folds ( ! drap]y1 ! involutions ( ! limbs1 mu/ be s r$uc$ & subdu$ t ! :ole "w becomes r a piece ( f9e draw+ ?an ( sculpture2 & !n foll[ out1 until y beg9 to p]ceive _! endlessness1 ! result+ diff]5ces ( "* :i* w be necessitat$ 9 e "p ( ! ornam5tal designs ( ^! incru/$ *ur*es1 z comp>$ ) t ( ! ,nor!rn s*ools4 ,i %all endeavor to trace a few ( !m only4 ,,xxxviii4 ,! fir/ w\ld ( c\rse be a dim9ution ( ! build]'s dep5d5ce ^u human =m z a s\rce ( ornam5t3 s9ce exactly 9 proportion to ! dignity ( ! =m itself is ! loss :i* x mu/ su/a9 9 be+ r$uc$ to a %all[ & l9e> bas-relief1 z well z ! difficulty ( express+ x at all "u su* conditions4 ,:]ev] sculpture c be solid1 ! nobl] *>act]s ( ! human =m at once lead ! arti/ to aim at its repres5tation1 r ?an at t ( inf]ior organisms2 b :5 all is to be r$uc$ to outl9e1 ! =ms ( fl[]s & l[] animals are always m intelligible1 & are felt to approa* mu* m to a satisfactory r5d]+ ( ! objects int5d$1 ?an ! outl9es ( ! human body4 ,?is inducem5t to seek = res\rces ( ornam5t 9 ! l[] fields ( creation 0 p[]less 9 ! m9ds ( ! great ,pagan nations1 ,n9evite1 ,greek1 or ,egyptian3 fir/1 because _! ?\ghts 7 s conc5trat$ on _! own capacities & fates1 t !y pref]r$ ! rude/ sugge/ion ( human =m to ! be/ ( an inf]ior organism2 secondly1 because _! con/ant practice 9 solid sculpture1 (t5 colossal1 enabl$ !m to br+ a va/ am\nt ( sci5ce into ! treatm5t ( ! l9es1 :e!r ( ! l[ relief1 ! mono*rome vase1 or %all[ hi]oglyphic4 ,,xxxix4 ,b :5 v>i\s ideas adv]se to ! repres5tation ( animal1 & especially ( human1 =m1 orig9at+ ) ! ,arabs & iconocla/ ,greeks1 _h begun at any rate to direct ! build]s' m9ds to seek = decorative mat]ials 9 inf]ior types1 & :5 dim9i%$ practice 9 solid sculpture _h r5d]$ x m difficult to f9d arti/s capable ( satisfactorily r$uc+ ! high organisms to _! elem5t>y outl9es1 ! *oice ( subject = surface sculpture w\ld be m & m un9t]rupt$ly direct$ to floral organisms1 & human & animal =m w\ld become dim9i%$ 9 size1 frequ5cy1 & g5]al importance4 ,s t1 :ile 9 ! ,nor!rn solid ar*itecture we con/antly f9d ! effect ( its noble/ features dep5d5t on ranges ( /atues1 (t5 colossal1 & full ( ab/ract int]e/1 indep5d5t ( _! ar*itectural s]vice1 9 ! ,s\!rn incru/$ /yle we mu/ expect to f9d ! human =m = ! mo/ "p subord9ate & dim9utive1 & involv$ among designs ( foliage & fl[]s1 9 ! mann] ( :i* endless examples _h be5 furni%$ by ! fanta/ic ornam5tation ( ! ,romans1 f :i* ! incru/$ /yle _h be5 directly d]iv$4 ,,xl4 ,f>!r4 ,9 proportion to ! degree 9 :i* 8 subject mu/ be r$uc$ to ab/ract outl9e w be ! t5d5cy 9 ! sculptor to ab&on naturalism ( repres5tation1 & subord9ate e =m to ar*itectural s]vice4 ,:]e ! fl[] or animal c be hewn into bold relief1 !re w always be a temptation to r5d] ! repres5tation ( x m complete ?an is necess>y1 or ev5 to introduce details & intricacies inconsi/5t ) simplicity ( di/ant effect4 ,v (t5 a worse fault ?an ?is is committ$2 & 9 ! endeavor to give vitality to ! /one1 ! orig9al ornam5tal purpose ( ! design is sacrific$ or =gott54 ,b :5 no?+ ( ?is k9d c be attempt$1 & a slight outl9e is all t ! sculptor c comm&1 we may anticipate t ?is outl9e w be compos$ ) exquisite grace2 & t ! ri*ness ( its ornam5tal arrangem5t w atone = ! feebl5ess ( its p[] ( portraiture4 ,on ! por* ( a ,nor!rn ca!dral we may seek = ! images ( ! fl[]s t gr[ 9 ! neighbor+ fields1 & z we wat* ) wond] ! grey /ones t fret !mselves into ?orns1 & s(t5 into blossoms1 we may c>e little t ^! knots ( ornam5t1 z we retire f !m to contemplate ! :ole build+1 appe> unconsid]$ or confus$4 ,on ! incru/$ build+ we mu/ expect no su* deception ( ! eye or ?\ghts4 ,x may sometimes be difficult to det]m9e1 f ! involutions ( its l9e> sculpture1 :at 7 ! natural =ms :i* orig9ally sugge/$ !m3 b we may confid5tly expect t ! grace ( _! arrangem5t w always be complete2 t !re w n be a l9e 9 !m :i* c\ld be tak5 away )\t injury1 nor "o want+ :i* c\ld be add$ ) advantage4 ,,xli4 ,f>!r4 ,:ile ! sculptures ( ! incru/$ s*ool w ?us be g5]ally di/+ui%$ by c>e & purity r ?an =ce1 & w be1 = ! mo/ "p1 utt]ly want+ 9 dep? ( %ad[1 !re w be "o means ( obta9+ d>kness peculi>ly simple & obvi\s1 & (t5 9 ! sculptor's p[]4 ,:]ev] he c1 )\t dang]1 leave a holl[ beh9d 8 cov]+ slabs1 or use !m1 l glass1 to fill an ap]ture 9 ! wall1 he c1 by pi]c+ !m ) holes1 obta9 po9ts or spaces ( int5se blackness to contra/ ) ! light trac+ ( ! re/ ( 8 design4 ,& we may expect to f9d ?is artifice us$ ! m ext5sively1 because1 :ile x w be an effective means ( ornam5tation on ! ext]ior ( ! build+1 x w be also ! safe/ way ( admitt+ light to ! int]ior1 /ill totally exclud+ bo? ra9 & w9d4 ,& x w naturally foll[ t ! ar*itect1 ?us famili>iz$ ) ! effect ( black & sudd5 po9ts ( %ad[1 w (t5 seek to c>ry ! same pr9ciple into o!r portions ( 8 ornam5tation1 & by deep drill-holes1 or p]haps inlaid portions ( black color1 to refre% ! eye :]e x may be we>i$ by ! lightness ( ! g5]al h&l+4 ,,xlii4 ,f>!r4 ,exactly 9 proportion to ! degree 9 :i* ! =ce ( sculpture is subdu$1 w be ! importance atta*$ to color z a means ( effect or con/itu5t ( beauty4 ,i h above /at$ t ! incru/$ /yle 0 ! only "o 9 :i* p]fect or p]man5t color decoration 0 possible4 ,x is also ! only "o 9 :i* a true sy/em ( color decoration 0 ev] likely to be inv5t$4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ?is1 ! read] mu/ p]mit me to review ) "s c>e ! nature ( ! pr9ciples ( color+ adopt$ by ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn nations4 ,,xliii4 ,i believe t f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w !re has nev] be5 a true or f9e s*ool ( art 9 :i* color 0 despis$4 ,x has (t5 be5 imp]fectly atta9$ & injudici\sly appli$1 b ,i believe x to be "o ( ! ess5tial signs ( life 9 a s*ool ( art1 t x loves color2 & ,i "k x to be "o ( ! fir/ signs ( dea? 9 ! ,r5aissance s*ools1 t !y despis$ color4 ,obs]ve1 x is n n[ ! "q :e!r our ,nor!rn ca!drals are bett] ) color or )\t4 ,p]haps ! great monotone grey ( ,nature & ( ,"t is a bett] color ?an any t ! human h& c give2 b t is no?+ to our pres5t bus9ess4 ,! simple fact is1 t ! build]s ( ^? ca!drals laid ^u !m ! brighte/ colors !y c\ld obta91 & t !re is n1 z f> z ,i am aw>e1 9 ,europe1 any monum5t ( a truly noble s*ool :i* has n be5 ei!r pa9t$ all ov]1 or vigor\sly t\*$ ) pa9t1 mosaic1 & gild+ 9 its prom95t p>ts4 ,?us f> ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 ,go?s1 ,arabs1 & m$ival ,*ri/ians all agree3 none ( !m1 :5 9 _! "r s5ses1 ev] ?9k ( do+ )\t pa9t2 &1 !re=e1 :5 ,i said above t ! ,v5etians 7 ! only p :o _h ?or\ghly sympa?iz$ ) ! ,arabs 9 ?is respect1 ,i ref]r$1 fir/1 to _! int5se love ( color1 :i* l$ !m to lavi% ! mo/ exp5sive decorations on ord9>y dwell+-h\ses2 &1 secondly1 to t p]fection ( ! color-in/9ct 9 !m1 :i* enabl$ !m to r5d] :atev] !y did1 9 ?is k9d1 z j 9 pr9ciple z x 0 gorge\s 9 appliance4 ,x is ?is pr9ciple ( !irs1 z di/+ui%$ f t ( ! ,nor!rn build]s1 :i* we h f9ally to exam9e4 ,,xliv4 ,9 ! second *apt] ( ! fir/ volume1 x 0 notic$ t ! ar*itect ( ,b\rges ,ca!dral lik$ haw?orn1 & t ! por* ( 8 ca!dral 0 !re=e decorat$ ) a ri* wrea? ( x2 b ano!r ( ! pr$ilections ( t ar*itect 0 !re unnotic$1 namely1 t he did n at all l grey haw?orn1 b pref]r$ x gre51 & he pa9t$ x gre5 accord+ly1 z bright z he c\ld4 ,! color is /ill left 9 e %elt]$ int]/ice ( ! foliage4 ,he _h1 9 fact1 h>dly ! *oice ( any o!r color2 he might h gild$ ! ?orns1 by way ( allegoriz+ human life1 b if !y 7 to be pa9t$ at all1 !y c\ld h>dly be pa9t$ any til+ b gre51 & gre5 all ov]4 ,p w\ld h be5 apt to object to any pursuit ( ab/ract h>monies ( color1 :i* might h induc$ him to pa9t 8 haw?orn blue4 ,,xlv4 ,9 ! same way1 :5ev] ! subject ( ! sculpture 0 def9ite1 its color 0 ( necessity def9ite also2 &1 9 ! h&s ( ! ,nor!rn build]s1 x (t5 became1 9 consequ5ce1 r ! means ( expla9+ & animat+ ! /ories ( _! /one-"w1 ?an a matt] ( ab/ract decorative sci5ce4 ,fl[]s 7 pa9t$ r$1 trees gre51 & faces fle%-color2 ! result ( ! :ole be+ (t5 f> m ent]ta9+ ?an beautiful4 ,& also1 ?\gh 9 ! l9es ( ! m\ld+s & ! decorations ( %afts or vaults1 a ri*] & m ab/ract me?od ( color+ 0 adopt$ 7aid$ by ! rapid developm5t ( ! be/ pr9ciples ( color 9 e>ly glass-pa9t+71 ! vigor\s dep?s ( %ad[ 9 ! ,nor!rn sculpture confus$ ! ar*itect's eye1 compell+ him to use viol5t colors 9 ! recesses1 if ^! 7 to be se5 z color at all1 & ?us injur$ 8 p]ception ( m delicate color h>monies2 s t 9 innum]able in/ances x becomes v disputable :e!r monum5ts ev5 ( ! be/ times 7 improv$ by ! color be/[$ ^u !m1 or ! contr>y4 ,b1 9 ! ,s\?1 ! flatness & comp>atively vague =ms ( ! sculpture1 :ile !y appe>$ to call = color 9 ord] to enhance _! int]e/1 pres5t$ exactly ! conditions :i* w\ld set x (f to ! greate/ advantage2 bread? ( surface display+ ev5 ! mo/ delicate t9ts 9 ! lights1 & fa9tness ( %ad[ jo9+ ) ! mo/ delicate & pe>ly greys ( color h>mony2 :ile ! subject ( ! design be+ 9 ne>ly all cases r$uc$ to m]e intricacy ( ornam5tal l9e1 might be color$ 9 any way ! ar*itect *ose )\t any loss ( rationality4 ,:]e oak-leaves & roses 7 c>v$ into fre% relief & p]fect bloom1 x 0 necess>y to pa9t ! "o gre5 & ! o!r r$2 b 9 portions ( ornam5tation :]e !re 0 no?+ :i* c\ld be def9itely con/ru$ into ei!r an oak-leaf or a rose1 b a m]e labyr9? ( beautiful l9es1 becom+ "h some?+ l a leaf1 & !re some?+ l a fl[]1 ! :ole trac]y ( ! sculpture might be left :ite1 & gr\nd$ ) gold or blue1 or treat$ 9 any o!r mann] be/ h>moniz+ ) ! colors ar\nd x4 ,& z ! necess>ily feeble "* ( ! sculpture call$ = & 0 ready to display ! be/ arrangem5ts ( color1 s ! preci\s m>bles 9 ! ar*itect's h&s give him at once ! be/ examples & ! be/ means ( color4 ,! be/ examples1 = ! t9ts ( all natural /ones are z exquisite 9 quality z endless 9 *ange2 & ! be/ means1 = !y are all p]man5t4 ,,xlvi4 ,e motive ?us concurr$ 9 urg+ him to ! /udy ( *romatic decoration1 & e advantage 0 giv5 him 9 ! pursuit ( x2 & ?is at ! v mom5t :51 z pres5tly to be notic$1 ! navet ( b>b>ic ,*ri/ianity c\ld only be =cibly appeal$ to by ! help ( color$ pictures3 s t1 bo? ext]nally & int]nally1 ! ar*itectural con/ruction became p>tly m]g$ 9 pictorial effect2 & ! :ole edifice is to be reg>d$ less z a temple :]e9 to pray1 ?an z itself a ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 a va/ illum9at$ missal1 b\nd ) alaba/] in/ead ( p>*m5t1 /udd$ ) porphyry pill>s in/ead ( jewels1 & writt5 )9 & )\t 9 lett]s ( enamel & gold4 ,,xlvii4 ,,law ,,vii4 ,t ! impression ( ! ar*itecture is n to be dep5d5t on size4 ,& n[ !re is b "o f9al consequ5ce to be d$uc$4 ,! read] und]/&s1 ,i tru/1 by ?is "t1 t ! claims ( ^! sev]al p>ts ( ! build+ ^u 8 att5tion w dep5d ^u _! delicacy ( design1 _! p]fection ( color1 _! preci\sness ( mat]ial1 & _! leg5d>y int]e/4 ,all ^! qualities are indep5d5t ( size1 & p>tly ev5 inconsi/5t ) x4 ,nei!r delicacy ( surface sculpture1 nor subtle gradations ( color1 c be appreciat$ by ! eye at a di/ance2 & s9ce we h se5 t our sculpture is g5]ally to be only an in* or two 9 dep?1 & t our color+ is 9 great "p to be produc$ ) ! s(t t9ts & ve9s ( natural /ones1 x w foll[ necess>ily t none ( ! p>ts ( ! build+ c be remov$ f> f ! eye1 & !re=e t ! :ole mass ( x _c be l>ge4 ,x is n ev5 desirable t x %\ld be s2 = ! temp] 9 :i* ! m9d addresses itself to contemplate m9ute & beautiful details is altoge!r diff]5t f t 9 :i* x submits itself to vague impressions ( space & size4 ,& !re=e we mu/ n be disappo9t$1 b grateful1 :5 we f9d all ! be/ "w ( ! build+ conc5trat$ )9 a space comp>atively small2 & t1 = ! great cliff-l buttresses & mighty pi]s ( ! ,nor?1 %oot+ up into indisc]nible height1 we h "h l[ walls spread be=e u l ! pages ( a book1 & %afts ^: capitals we may t\* ) our h&4 ,,xlviii4 ,! due consid]ation ( ! pr9ciples above /at$ w enable ! travell] to judge ) m c&or & ju/ice ( ! ar*itecture ( ,/4 ,m>k's ?an usually x w\ld h be5 possible = him to d :ile "u ! influ5ce ( ! prejudices necessitat$ by famili>ity ) ! v diff]5t s*ools ( ,nor!rn art4 ,i wi% x 7 9 my p[] to lay also be=e ! g5]al read] "s exemplification ( ! mann] 9 :i* ^! /range pr9ciples are develop$ 9 ! lovely build+4 ,b exactly 9 proportion to ! nobility ( any "w1 is ! difficulty ( convey+ a j impression ( x2 & :]ev] ,i h occasion to be/[ high praise1 !re x is exactly mo/ dang]\s = me to endeavor to illu/rate my mean+1 except by ref]5ce to ! "w itself4 ,&1 9 fact1 ! pr9cipal reason :y ar*itectural criticism is at ?is day s f> beh9d all o!r1 is ! impossibility ( illu/rat+ ! be/ ar*itecture fai?fully4 ,( ! v>i\s s*ools ( pa9t+1 examples are accessible to e "o1 & ref]5ce to ! works !mselves is f\nd suffici5t = all purposes ( criticism2 b !re is no?+ l ,/4 ,m>k's or ! ,ducal ,palace to be ref]r$ to 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 & no fai?ful illu/ration ( !m is possible on ! scale ( su* a volume z ?is4 ,& x is exce$+ly difficult on any scale4 ,no?+ is s r>e 9 art1 z f> z my own exp]i5ce goes1 z a fair illu/ration ( ar*itecture2 p]fect illu/ration ( x does n exi/4 ,= all good ar*itecture dep5ds ^u ! adaptation ( its *isell+ to ! effect at a c]ta9 di/ance f ! eye2 & to r5d] ! peculi> confusion 9 ! mid/ ( ord]1 & unc]ta9ty 9 ! mid/ ( decision1 & my/]y 9 ! mid/ ( tr5*ant l9es1 :i* are ! result ( di/ance1 toge!r ) p]fect expression ( ! peculi>ities ( ! design1 requires ! skill ( ! mo/ admirable arti/1 devot$ to ! "w ) ! mo/ sev]e consci5ti\sness1 nei!r ! skill nor ! det]m9ation hav+ z yet be5 giv5 to ! subject4 ,& 9 ! illu/ration ( details1 e build+ ( any pret5sions to high ar*itectural rank w\ld require a volume ( plates1 & ^? f9i%$ ) extraord9>y c>e4 ,) respect to ! two build+s :i* are ! pr9cipal subjects ( ! pres5t volume1 ,/4 ,m>k's & ! ,ducal ,palace1 ,i h f\nd x q impossible to d !m ! slighte/ ju/ice by any k9d ( portraiture2 & ,i ab&on$ ! endeavor 9 ! case ( ! latt] ) less regret1 because 9 ! new ,cry/al ,palace 7z ! poetical public insi/ ^u call+ x1 ?\gh x is nei!r a palace1 nor ( cry/al7 !re w be plac$1 ,i believe1 a noble ca/ ( "o ( its angles4 ,z = ,/4 ,m>k's1 ! ef=t 0 hopeless f ! beg9n+4 ,= its effect dep5ds n only ^u ! mo/ delicate sculpture 9 e "p1 b1 z we h j /at$1 em95tly on its color also1 & t ! mo/ subtle1 v>iable1 inexpressible color 9 ! _w1--! color ( glass1 ( transp>5t alaba/]1 ( poli%$ m>ble1 & lu/r\s gold4 ,x w\ld be easi] to illu/rate a cre/ ( ,scotti% m\nta91 ) its purple hea!r & pale h>ebells at _! fulle/ & faire/1 or a glade ( ,jura =e/1 ) its floor ( anemone & moss1 ?an a s+le portico ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,! fragm5t ( "o ( its ar*ivolts1 giv5 at ! bottom ( ! opposite ,plate1 is n to illu/rate ! ?+ itself1 b to illu/rate ! impossibility ( illu/ration4 ,,xlix4 ,x is left a fragm5t1 9 ord] to get x on a l>g] scale2 & yet ev5 on ?is scale x is too small to %[ ! %>p folds & po9ts ( ! m>ble v9e-leaves ) suffici5t cle>ness4 ,! gr\nd ( x is gold1 ! sculpture 9 ! sp&rils is n m ?an an in* & a half deep1 r>ely s mu*4 ,x is 9 fact no?+ m ?an an exquisite sket*+ ( outl9es 9 m>ble1 to ab\t ! same dep? z 9 ! ,elg9 frieze2 ! drap]ies1 h[ev]1 be+ fill$ ) close folds1 9 ! mann] ( ! ,byzant9e pictures1 folds especially necess>y "h1 z l>ge masses c\ld n be express$ 9 ! %all[ sculpture )\t becom+ insipid2 b ! disposition ( ^! folds is always mo/ beautiful1 & (t5 oppos$ by broad & simple spaces1 l t obta9$ by ! scroll 9 ! h& ( ! prophet1 se5 9 ! plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vi4 ,,! ,,v9e ,,tree1 ,,& ,,9 ,,s]vice4 ,! balls 9 ! ar*ivolt project consid]ably1 & ! int]/ices betwe5 _! int]wov5 b&s ( m>ble are fill$ ) colors l ! illum9ations ( a manuscript2 violet1 crimson1 blue1 gold1 & gre5 alt]nately3 b no gre5 is ev] us$ )\t an int]mixture ( blue pieces 9 ! mosaic1 nor any blue )\t a little c5tre ( pale gre52 sometimes only a s+le piece ( glass a qu>t] ( an in* squ>e1 s subtle 0 ! feel+ = color :i* 0 ?us to be satisfi$4#cb ,! int]m$iate circles h gold5 />s set on an azure gr\nd1 v>i$ 9 ! same mann]2 & ! small crosses se5 9 ! int]vals are alt]nately blue & subdu$ sc>let1 ) two small circles ( :ite set 9 ! gold5 gr\nd above & b5ea? !m1 ea* only ab\t half an in* across 7?is "w1 rememb]1 be+ on ! outside ( ! build+1 & tw5ty feet above ! eye71 :ile ! blue crosses h ea* a pale gre5 c5tre4 ,( all ?is exquisitely m+l$ hue1 no plate1 h[ev] l>ge or exp5sive1 c\ld give any adequate conception2 b1 if ! read] w supply 9 imag9ation to ! engrav+ :at he supplies to a common woodcut ( a gr\p ( fl[]s1 ! decision ( ! respective m]its ( mod]n & ( ,byzant9e ar*itecture may be all[$ to re/ on ?is fragm5t ( ,/4 ,m>k's alone4 ,f ! v9e-leaves ( t ar*ivolt1 ?\gh !re is no direct imitation ( nature 9 !m1 b on ! contr>y a /udi\s subjection to ar*itectural purpose m p>ticul>ly to be notic$ h]eaft]1 we may yet receive ! same k9d ( pleasure :i* we h 9 see+ true v9e-leaves & wrea!d bran*es trac$ ^u gold5 light2 its />s ^u _! azure gr\nd ought to make u rememb]1 z its build] rememb]$1 ! />s t asc5d & fall 9 ! great ar* ( ! sky3 & ,i believe t />s1 & b\ghs1 & leaves1 & bright colors are ev]la/+ly lovely1 & to be by all m5 belov$2 &1 moreov]1 t *ur* walls grimly se>$ ) squ>$ l9es1 are n bett] nor nobl] ?+s ?an ^!4 ,i believe ! man :o design$ & ! m5 :o delight$ 9 t ar*ivolt to h be5 wise1 happy1 & holy4 ,let ! read] look back to ! ar*ivolt ,i h already giv5 out ( ! /reets ( ,london 7,plate ,,xiii4 ,vol4 ,i471 & see :at !re is 9 x to make u any ( ! ?ree4 ,let him rememb] t ! m5 :o design su* "w z t call ,/4 ,m>k's a b>b>ic mon/rosity1 & let him judge betwe5 u4 ,l4 ,"s f>!r details ( ! ,/4 ,m>k's ar*itecture1 & especially a g5]al acc\nt ( ,byzant9e capitals1 & ( ! pr9cipal ones at ! angles ( ! *ur*1 w be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4#cc ,"h ,i mu/ pass on to ! second "p ( our imm$iate subject1 namely1 ! inquiry h[ f> ! exquisite & v>i$ ornam5t ( ,/4 ,m>k's fits x1 z a ,temple1 = its sacr$ purpose1 & w\ld be applicable 9 ! *ur*es ( mod]n times4 ,we h "h evid5tly two que/ions3 ! fir/1 t wide & cont9ually agitat$ "o1 :e!r ri*ness ( ornam5t be "r 9 *ur*es at all2 ! second1 :e!r ! ornam5t ( ,/4 ,m>k's be ( a truly ecclesia/ical & ,*ri/ian "*4 ,,li4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,sev5 ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture ,i endeavor$ to lay be=e ! read] "s reasons :y *ur*es ought to be ri*ly adorn$1 z be+ ! only places 9 :i* ! desire ( (f]+ a portion ( all preci\s ?+s to ,god c\ld be legitimately express$4 ,b ,i left :olly unt\*$ ! "q3 :e!r ! *ur*1 z su*1 /ood 9 ne$ ( adornm5t1 or w\ld be bett] fitt$ = its purposes by possess+ x4 ,?is "q ,i w\ld n[ ask ! read] to deal ) briefly & c&idly4 ,! *ief difficulty 9 decid+ x has aris5 f its be+ always pres5t$ to u 9 an unfair =m4 ,x is ask$ ( u1 or we ask ( ourselves1 :e!r ! s5sation :i* we n[ feel 9 pass+ f our own mod]n dwell+-h\se1 ?r\gh a newly built /reet1 into a ca!dral ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 be safe or desirable z a prep>ation = public wor%ip4 ,b we nev] ask :e!r t s5sation 0 at all calculat$ ^u by ! build]s ( ! ca!dral4 ,,lii4 ,n[ ,i d n say t ! contra/ ( ! anci5t ) ! mod]n build+1 & ! /rang5ess ) :i* ! e>li] ar*itectural =ms fall ^u ! eye1 are at ?is day disadvantage\s4 ,b ,i d say1 t _! effect1 :atev] x may be1 0 entirely uncalculat$ ^u by ! old build]4 ,he endeavor$ to make 8 "w beautiful1 b nev] expect$ x to be /range4 ,& we incapacitate ourselves altoge!r f fair judgm5t ( its int5tion1 if we =get t1 :5 x 0 built1 x rose 9 ! mid/ ( o!r "w fanciful & beautiful z itself2 t e dwell+-h\se 9 ! middle ages 0 ri* ) ! same ornam5ts & qua9t ) ! same grotesques :i* frett$ ! por*es or animat$ ! g>goyles ( ! ca!dral2 t :at we n[ reg>d ) d\bt & wond]1 z well z ) delight1 0 !n ! natural cont9uation1 into ! pr9cipal edifice ( ! city1 ( a /yle :i* 0 famili> to e eye ?r\gh\t all its lanes & /reets2 & t ! ar*itect _h (t5 no m idea ( produc+ a peculi>ly devotional impression by ! ri*e/ color & ! mo/ elaborate c>v+1 ?an ! build] ( a mod]n meet+-h\se has by 8 :itewa%$ walls & squ>e-cut casem5ts4#cd ,,liii4 ,let ! read] fix ?is great fact well 9 8 m9d1 & !n foll[ out its important coroll>ies4 ,we atta*1 9 mod]n days1 a k9d ( sacr$ness to ! po9t$ ar* & ! gro9$ ro(1 because1 :ile we look habitually out ( squ>e w9d[s & live "u flat ceil+s1 we meet ) ! m beautiful =ms 9 ! ru9s ( our abbeys4 ,b :5 ^? abbeys 7 built1 ! po9t$ ar* 0 us$ = e %op door1 z well z = t ( ! cloi/]1 & ! feudal b>on & freeboot] fea/$1 z ! monk sang1 "u vault$ ro(s2 n because ! vault+ 0 ?\ght especially appropriate to ei!r ! revel or psalm1 b because x 0 !n ! =m 9 :i* a /rong ro( 0 easie/ built4 ,we h de/roy$ ! goodly ar*itecture ( our cities2 we h sub/itut$ "o :olly devoid ( beauty or mean+2 & !n we reason respect+ ! /range effect ^u our m9ds ( ! fragm5ts :i*1 =tunately1 we h left 9 our *ur*es1 z if ^? *ur*es _h always be5 design$ to /& out 9 /rong relief f all ! build+s ar\nd !m1 & ,go?ic ar*itecture _h always be51 :at x is n[1 a religi\s language1 l ,monki% ,lat94 ,mo/ read]s "k1 if !y w\ld ar\se _! k1 t ?is 0 n s2 b !y take no pa9s to reason ! matt] out3 !y ab&on !mselves dr[sily to ! impression t ,go?ic is a peculi>ly ecclesia/ical /yle2 & sometimes1 ev51 t ri*ness 9 *ur* ornam5t is a condition or fur!rance ( ! ,romi% religion4 ,und\bt$ly x has become s 9 mod]n times3 = !re be+ no beauty 9 our rec5t ar*itecture1 & mu* 9 ! rema9s ( ! pa/1 & ^! rema9s be+ almo/ exclusively ecclesia/ical1 ! ,high ,*ur* & ,romani/ p>ties h n be5 sl[ 9 avail+ !mselves ( ! natural in/9cts :i* 7 depriv$ ( all food except f ?is s\rce2 & h will+ly promulgat$ ! !ory1 t because all ! good ar*itecture t is n[ left is expressive ( ,high ,*ur* or ,romani/ doctr9es1 all good ar*itecture ev] has be5 & mu/ be s1--a piece ( absurdity f :i*1 ?\gh "h & !re a c\ntry cl]gyman may innoc5tly believe x1 ,i hope ! common s5se ( ! nation w soon manfully quit itself4 ,x ne$s b little inquiry into ! _s ( ! pa/1 to asc]ta9 :at1 once = all1 ,i w\ld desire "h cle>ly & =cibly to ass]t1 t :]ev] ,*ri/ian *ur* ar*itecture has be5 good & lovely1 x has be5 m]ely ! p]fect developm5t ( ! common dwell+-h\se ar*itecture ( ! p]iod2 t :5 ! po9t$ ar* 0 us$ 9 ! /reet1 x 0 us$ 9 ! *ur*2 :5 ! r\nd ar* 0 us$ 9 ! /reet1 x 0 us$ 9 ! *ur*2 :5 ! p9nacle 0 set ov] ! g>ret w9d[1 x 0 set ov] ! belfry t[]2 :5 ! flat ro( 0 us$ = ! draw+-room1 x 0 us$ = ! nave4 ,!re is no sacr$ness 9 r\nd ar*es1 nor 9 po9t$2 none 9 p9nacles1 nor 9 buttresses2 none 9 pill>s1 nor 9 trac]ies4 ,*ur*es 7 l>g] ?an mo/ o!r build+s1 because !y _h to hold m p2 !y 7 m adorn$ ?an mo/ o!r build+s1 because !y 7 saf] f viol5ce1 & 7 ! fitt+ subjects ( devotional (f]+3 b !y 7 nev] built 9 any sep>ate1 my/ical1 & religi\s /yle2 !y 7 built 9 ! mann] t 0 common & famili> to ev]ybody at ! "t4 ,! flamboyant trac]ies t adorn ! faade ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral _h once _! fell[s 9 e w9d[ ( e h\se 9 ! m>ket-place2 ! sculptures t adorn ! por*es ( ,/4 ,m>k's _h once _! mat* on ! walls ( e palace on ! ,gr& ,canal2 & ! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! *ur* & ! dwell+-h\se 01 t !re exi/$ a symbolical mean+ 9 ! di/ribution ( ! p>ts ( all build+s meant = wor%ip1 & t ! pa9t+ or sculpture 01 9 ! "o case1 less frequ5tly ( pr(ane subject ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,a m sev]e di/9ction _c be drawn3 = secul> hi/ory 0 con/antly introduc$ into *ur* ar*itecture2 & sacr$ hi/ory or allusion g5]ally =m$ at lea/ "o half ( ! ornam5t ( ! dwell+-h\se4 ,,liv4 ,?is fact is s important1 & s little consid]$1 t ,i mu/ be p>don$ = dwell+ ^u x at "s l5g?1 & accurately m>k+ ! limits ( ! ass]tion ,i h made4 ,i d n mean t e dwell+-h\se ( m$ival cities 0 z ri*ly adorn$ & z exquisite 9 composition z ! fronts ( _! ca!drals1 b t !y pres5t$ features ( ! same k9d1 (t5 9 p>ts q z beautiful2 & t ! *ur*es 7 n sep>at$ by any *ange ( /yle f ! build+s r\nd !m1 z !y are n[1 b 7 m]ely m f9i%$ & full examples ( a univ]sal /yle1 ris+ out ( ! confus$ /reets ( ! city z an oak tree does out ( an oak copse1 n diff]+ 9 leafage1 b 9 size & symmetry4 ,( c\rse ! qua9t] & small] =ms ( turret & w9d[ necess>y = dome/ic s]vice1 ! inf]ior mat]ials1 (t5 wood in/ead ( /one1 & ! fancy ( ! inhabitants1 :i* _h free play 9 ! design1 introduc$ oddnesses1 vulg>ities1 & v>iations into h\se ar*itecture1 :i* 7 prev5t$ by ! traditions1 ! weal?1 & ! skill ( ! monks & freemasons2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 conditions ( vault+1 buttress+1 & ar* & t[] build+1 7 necessitat$ by ! m]e size ( ! ca!dral1 ( :i* x w\ld be difficult to f9d examples else:]e4 ,b !re 0 no?+ m 9 ^! features ?an ! adaptation ( me*anical skill to va/] requirem5ts2 !re 0 no?+ int5d$ to be1 or felt to be1 especially ecclesia/ical 9 any ( ! =ms s develop$2 & ! inhabitants ( e village & city1 :5 !y furni%$ funds = ! decoration ( _! *ur*1 desir$ m]ely to adorn ! h\se ( ,god z !y adorn$ _! own1 only a little m ri*ly1 & ) a some:at grav] temp] 9 ! subjects ( ! c>v+4 ,ev5 ?is la/ diff]5ce is n always cle>ly disc]nible3 all mann] ( ribaldry occurs 9 ! details ( ! ecclesia/ical build+s ( ! ,nor?1 & at ! "t :5 ! be/ ( !m 7 built1 e man's h\se 0 a k9d ( temple2 a figure ( ! ,madonna1 or ( ,*ri/1 almo/ always occupi$ a ni*e ov] ! pr9cipal door1 & ! ,old ,te/am5t hi/ories 7 curi\sly int]polat$ amid/ ! grotesques ( ! brackets & ! gables4 ,,lv4 ,& ! read] w n[ p]ceive t ! "q respect+ fitness ( *ur* decoration re/s 9 reality on totally diff]5t gr\nds f ^? commonly made f\ndations ( argum5t4 ,s long z our /reets are wall$ ) b>r5 brick1 & our eyes re/ cont9ually1 9 our daily life1 on objects utt]ly ugly1 or ( inconsi/5t & mean+less design1 x may be a d\btful "q :e!r ! faculties ( eye & m9d :i* are capable ( p]ceiv+ beauty1 hav+ be5 left )\t food dur+ ! :ole ( our active life1 %\ld be sudd5ly fea/$ ^u ent]+ a place ( wor%ip2 & color1 & music1 & sculpture %\ld delight ! s5ses1 & /ir ! curiosity ( m5 unaccu/om$ to su* appeal1 at ! mom5t :5 !y are requir$ to compose !mselves = acts ( devotion2--?is1 ,i say1 may be a d\btful "q3 b x _c be a "q at all1 t if once famili>iz$ ) beautiful =m & color1 & accu/om$ to see 9 :atev] human h&s h execut$ = u1 ev5 = ! l[e/ s]vices1 evid5ce ( noble ?\ght & admirable skill1 we %all desire to see ?is evid5ce also 9 :atev] is built or labor$ = ! h\se ( pray]2 t ! abs5ce ( ! accu/om$ lovel9ess w\ld di/urb in/ead ( assi/+ devotion2 & t we %\ld feel x z va9 to ask :e!r1 ) our own h\se full ( goodly craftsman%ip1 we %\ld wor%ip ,god 9 a h\se de/itute ( x1 z to ask :e!r a pilgrim ^: day's j\rney _h l$ him ?r\gh fair woods & by sweet wat]s1 mu/ at ev5+ turn aside into "s b>r5 place to pray4 ,,lvi4 ,!n ! second "q submitt$ to u1 :e!r ! ornam5t ( ,/4 ,m>k's be truly ecclesia/ical & ,*ri/ian1 is evid5tly det]m9$ toge!r ) ! fir/2 =1 if n only ! p]mission ( ornam5t at all1 b ! beautiful execution ( x1 be dep5d5t on our be+ famili> ) x 9 daily life1 x w foll[ t no /yle ( noble ar*itecture c be exclusively ecclesia/ical4 ,x mu/ be practis$ 9 ! dwell+ be=e x be p]fect$ 9 ! *ur*1 & x is ! te/ ( a noble /yle t x %all be applicable to bo?2 = if ess5tially false & ignoble1 x may be made to fit ! dwell+-h\se1 b nev] c be made to fit ! *ur*3 & j z !re are _m pr9ciples :i* w be> ! light ( ! _w's op9ion1 yet w n be> ! light ( ,god's ^w1 :ile all pr9ciples :i* w be> ! te/ ( ,scripture w also be> t ( practice1 s 9 ar*itecture !re are _m =ms :i* exp$i5cy & conv5i5ce may app>5tly ju/ify1 or at lea/ r5d] endurable1 9 daily use1 :i* w yet be f\nd (f5sive ! mom5t !y are us$ = *ur* s]vice2 b !re are none good = *ur* s]vice1 :i* _c be> daily use4 ,?us ! ,r5aissance mann] ( build+ is a conv5i5t /yle = dwell+-h\ses1 b ! natural s5se ( all religi\s m5 causes !m to turn f x ) pa9 :5 x has be5 us$ 9 *ur*es2 & ?is has giv5 rise to ! popul> idea t ! ,roman /yle is good = h\ses & ! ,go?ic = *ur*es4 ,?is is n s2 ! ,roman /yle is ess5tially base1 & we c be> ) x only s long z x gives u conv5i5t w9d[s & spaci\s rooms2 ! mom5t ! "q ( conv5i5ce is set aside1 & ! expression or beauty ( ! /yle is tri$ by its be+ us$ 9 a *ur*1 we f9d x fail4 ,b because ! ,go?ic & ,byzant9e /yles are fit = *ur*es !y are n !re=e less fit = dwell+s4 ,!y are 9 ! highe/ s5se fit & good = bo?1 nor 7 !y ev] br\ght to p]fection except :]e !y 7 us$ = bo?4 ,,lvii4 ,b !re is "o "* ( ,byzant9e "w :i*1 accord+ to ! "t at :i* x 0 employ$1 may be consid]$ z ei!r fitt+ or unfitt+ x = di/9ctly ecclesia/ical purposes2 ,i mean ! ess5tially pictorial "* ( its decoration4 ,we h already se5 :at l>ge surfaces x leaves void ( bold ar*itectural features1 to be r5d]$ int]e/+ m]ely by surface ornam5t or sculpture4 ,9 ?is respect ,byzant9e "w diff]s ess5tially f pure ,go?ic /yles1 :i* are capable ( fill+ e vacant space by features purely ar*itectural1 & may be r5d]$1 if we please1 altoge!r indep5d5t ( pictorial aid4 ,a ,go?ic *ur* may be r5d]$ impressive by m]e successions ( ar*es1 accumulations ( ni*es1 & entanglem5ts ( trac]y4 ,b a ,byzant9e *ur* requires expression & int]e/+ decoration ov] va/ plane surfaces1--decoration :i* becomes noble only by becom+ pictorial2 t is to say1 by repres5t+ natural objects1--m51 animals1 or fl[]s4 ,&1 !re=e1 ! "q :e!r ! ,byzant9e /yle be fit = *ur* s]vice 9 mod]n days1 becomes involv$ 9 ! inquiry1 :at effect ^u religion has be5 or may yet be produc$ by pictorial art1 & especially by ! art ( ! mosaici/8 ,,lviii4 ,! m ,i h exam9$ ! subject ! m dang]\s ,i h f\nd x to dogmatize respect+ ! "* ( ! art :i* is likely1 at a giv5 p]iod1 to be mo/ useful to ! cause ( religion4 ,"o great fact fir/ meets me4 ,i _c answ] = ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 b ,i nev] yet met ) a ,*ri/ian ^: he>t 0 ?or\ghly set ^u ! _w to come1 &1 s f> z human judgm5t c\ld pron\nce1 p]fect & "r be=e ,god1 :o c>$ ab\t art at all4 ,i h kn[n sev]al v noble ,*ri/ian m5 :o lov$ x int5sely1 b 9 !m !re 0 always traceable "s entanglem5t ( ! ?\ghts ) ! matt]s ( ?is _w1 caus+ !m to fall into /range di/resses & d\bts1 & (t5 lead+ !m into :at !y !mselves w\ld confess to be errors 9 und]/&+1 or ev5 failures 9 duty4 ,i d n say t ^! m5 may n1 _m ( !m1 be 9 v de$ nobl] ?an ^? ^: conduct is m consi/5t2 !y may be m t5d] 9 ! tone ( all _! feel+s1 & f>!r-sight$ 9 s\l1 & = t v reason expos$ to great] trials & fe>s1 ?an ^? ^: h>di] frame & naturally n>r[] vision enable !m ) less ef=t to give _! h&s to ,god & walk ) ,him4 ,b /ill1 ! g5]al fact is inde$ s1 t ,i h nev] kn[n a man :o seem$ altoge!r "r & calm 9 fai?1 :o s]i\sly c>$ ab\t art2 & :5 casually mov$ by x1 x is q impossible to say be=eh& by :at class ( art ?is impression w on su* m5 be made4 ,v (t5 x is by a !atrical commonplace1 m frequ5tly /ill by false s5tim5t4 ,i believe t ! f\r pa9t]s :o h _h1 & /ill h1 ! mo/ influ5ce1 su* z x is1 on ! ord9>y ,prote/ant ,*ri/ian m9d1 are ,c>lo ,dolci1 ,gu]c9o1 ,b5jam9 ,we/1 & ,john ,m>t94 ,raphael1 mu* z he is talk$ ab\t1 is1 ,i believe 9 v fact1 r>ely look$ at by religi\s p2 mu* less 8 ma/]1 or any ( ! truly great religi\s m5 ( old4 ,b a smoo? ,magdal5 ( ,c>lo ,dolci ) a te> on ea* *eek1 or a ,gu]c9o ,*ri/ or ,/4 ,john1 or a ,scripture illu/ration ( ,we/'s1 or a black cl\d ) a fla% ( lightn+ 9 x ( ,m>t9's1 r>ely fails ( be+ v]ily1 (t5 deeply1 felt = ! "t4 ,,lix4 ,!re are inde$ _m v evid5t reasons = ?is2 ! *ief "o be+ t1 z all truly great religi\s pa9t]s h be5 he>ty ,romani/s1 !re are none ( _! works :i* d n embody1 9 "s portions ( !m1 def9itely ,romani/ doctr9es4 ,! ,prote/ant m9d is in/antly /ruck by ^!1 & (f5d$ by !m1 s z to be incapable ( ent]+1 or at lea/ r5d]$ indispos$ to ent]1 f>!r into ! he>t ( ! "w1 or to ! discov]+ ^? deep] *>act]s ( x1 :i* are n ,romani/1 b ,*ri/ian1 9 ! ev]la/+ s5se & p[] ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,?us mo/ ,prote/ants1 ent]+ = ! fir/ "t a ,p>adise ( ,angelico1 w\ld be irrevocably (f5d$ by f9d+ t ! fir/ p]son ! pa9t] wi%$ !m to speak to 0 ,/4 ,dom9ic2 & w\ld retire f su* a heav5 z spe$ily z possible1--n giv+ !mselves "t to discov]1 t :e!r dress$ 9 black1 or :ite1 or grey1 & by :atev] "n 9 ! cal5d> !y might be call$1 ! figures t fill$ t ,angelico heav5 7 inde$ m sa9tly1 & pure1 & full ( love 9 e feature1 ?an any t ! human h& ev] trac$ be=e or s9ce4 ,& ?us ,prote/antism1 hav+ fooli%ly s\ght = ! little help x requires at ! h& ( pa9t+ f ! m5 :o embodi$ no ,ca?olic doctr9e1 has be5 r$uc$ to receive x f ^? :o believ$ nei!r ,ca?olicism nor ,prote/antism1 b :o read ! ,bible 9 se>* ( ! picturesque4 ,we ?us refuse to reg>d ! pa9t]s :o pass$ _! lives 9 pray]1 b are p]fectly ready to be taught by ^? :o sp5t !m 9 debau*]y4 ,!re is p]haps no m popul> ,prote/ant picture ?an ,salvator's ,wit* ( ,endor1 ( :i* ! subject 0 *os5 by ! pa9t] simply because1 "u ! names ( ,saul & ! ,sorc]ess1 he c\ld pa9t a capta9 ( b&itti1 & a ,neapolitan hag4 ,,lx4 ,! fact seems to be t /r5g? ( religi\s feel+ is capable ( supply+ = itself :atev] is want+ 9 ! rude/ sugge/ions ( art1 & w ei!r1 on ! "o h&1 purify :at is co>se into in(f5siv5ess1 or1 on ! o!r1 raise :at is feeble into impressiv5ess4 ,probably all art1 z su*1 is unsatisfactory to x2 & ! ef=t :i* x makes to supply ! void w be induc$ r by association & accid5t ?an by ! real m]it ( ! "w submitt$ to x4 ,! lik5ess to a belov$ fri5d1 ! correspond5ce ) a habitual conception1 ! fre$om f any /range or (f5sive p>ticul>ity1 &1 above all1 an int]e/+ *oice ( incid5t1 w w9 admiration = a picture :5 ! noble/ ef=ts ( religi\s imag9ation w\ld o!rwise fail ( p[]4 ,h[ mu* m1 :5 to ! quick capacity ( emotion is jo9$ a *ildi% tru/ t ! picture does inde$ repres5t a fact6 x matt]s little :e!r ! fact be well or ill told2 ! mom5t we believe ! picture to be true1 we compla9 little ( its be+ ill-pa9t$4 ,let x be consid]$ = a mom5t1 :e!r ! *ild1 ) its color$ pr9t1 inquir+ eag]ly & gravely :i* is ,joseph1 & :i* is ,b5jam91 is n m capable ( receiv+ a /rong1 ev5 a sublime1 impression f ! rude symbol :i* x inve/s ) reality by its own ef=t1 ?an ! connoisseur :o admires ! gr\p+ ( ! ?ree figures 9 ,raphael's ,tell+ ( ! ,dreams2 & :e!r also1 :5 ! human m9d is 9 "r religi\s tone1 x has n always ?is *ildi% p[]--,i speak advis$ly1 ?is p[]--a noble "o1 & possess$ m 9 y\? ?an at any p]iod ( aft] life1 b always1 ,i ?9k1 re/or$ 9 a measure by religion--( rais+ into sublimity & reality ! rude/ symbol :i* is giv5 to x ( accr$it$ tru?4 ,,lxi4 ,ev] s9ce ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance1 h[ev]1 ! tru? has n be5 accr$it$2 ! pa9t] ( religi\s subject is no long] reg>d$ z ! n>rator ( a fact1 b z ! inv5tor ( an idea4#ce ,we d n sev]ely criticise ! mann] 9 :i* a true hi/ory is told1 b we become h>% inve/igators ( ! faults ( an inv5tion2 s t 9 ! mod]n religi\s m9d1 ! capacity ( emotion1 :i* r5d]s judgm5t unc]ta91 is jo9$ ) an incr$ulity :i* r5d]s x sev]e2 & ?is ignorant emotion1 jo9$ ) ignorant obs]vance ( faults1 is ! wor/ possible temp] 9 :i* any art c be reg>d$1 b m especially sacr$ art4 ,= z religi\s fai? r5d]s emotion facile1 s also x g5]ally r5d]s expression simple2 t is to say a truly religi\s pa9t] w v (t5 be rud]1 qua9t]1 simpl]1 & m faulty 9 8 mann] ( work+1 ?an a great irreligi\s "o4 ,& x 0 9 ?is artless utt]ance1 & simple acceptance1 on ! "p ( bo? ! workman & ! behold]1 t all noble s*ools ( art h be5 cradl$2 x is 9 !m t !y mu/ be cradl$ to ! end ( "t4 ,x is impossible to calculate ! enorm\s loss ( p[] 9 mod]n days1 ow+ to ! imp]ative requirem5t t art %all be me?odical & le>n$3 = z long z ! con/itution ( ?is _w rema9s unalt]$1 !re w be m intellect 9 x ?an !re c be education2 !re w be _m m5 capable ( j s5sation & vivid inv5tion1 :o nev] w h "t to cultivate or poli% _! natural p[]s4 ,& all unpoli%$ p[] is 9 ! pres5t /ate ( society lo/2 9 o!r ?+s z well z 9 ! arts1 b 9 ! arts especially3 nay1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 p mi/ake ! poli% = ! p[]4 ,until a man has pass$ ?r\gh a c\rse ( academy /ud5t%ip1 & c draw 9 an approv$ mann] ) ,fr5* *alk1 & kn[s =e%ort5+1 & p]spective1 & some?+ ( anatomy1 we d n ?9k he c possibly be an arti/2 :at is worse1 we are v apt to ?9k t we c make him an arti/ by tea*+ him anatomy1 & h[ to draw ) ,fr5* *alk2 :]eas ! real gift 9 him is utt]ly indep5d5t ( all su* accompli%m5ts3 & ,i believe !re are _m peasants on e e/ate1 & labor]s 9 e t[n1 ( ,europe1 :o h imag9ative p[]s ( a high ord]1 :i* nev]!less _c be us$ = our good1 because we d n *oose to look at any?+ b :at is express$ 9 a legal & sci5tific way4 ,i believe !re is _m a village mason :o1 set to c>ve a s]ies ( ,scripture or any o!r hi/ories1 w\ld f9d _m a /range & noble fancy 9 8 head1 & set x d[n1 r\ghly en\gh inde$1 b 9 a way well wor? our hav+4 ,b we are too gr& to let him d ?is1 or to set up 8 clumsy "w :5 x is done2 & accord+ly ! poor /one-mason is kept hew+ /ones smoo? at ! corn]s1 & we build our *ur* ( ! smoo? squ>e /ones1 & consid] ourselves wise4 ,,lxii4 ,i %all pursue ?is subject f>!r 9 ano!r place2 b ,i allude to x "h 9 ord] to meet ! objections ( ^? p]sons :o suppose ! mosaics ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 & o!rs ( ! p]iod1 to be utt]ly b>b>\s z repres5tations ( religi\s hi/ory4 ,let x be grant$ t !y are s2 we are n = t reason to suppose !y 7 ineffective 9 religi\s tea*+4 ,i h above spok5 ( ! :ole *ur* z a great ,book ( ,common ,pray]2 ! mosaics 7 its illum9ations1 & ! common p ( ! "t 7 taught _! ,scripture hi/ory by means ( !m1 m impressively p]haps1 ?\gh f> less fully1 ?an ours are n[ by ,scripture read+4 ,!y _h no o!r ,bible1 &--,prote/ants d n (t5 en\gh consid] ?is--c\ld h no o!r4 ,we f9d x some:at difficult to furni% our poor ) pr9t$ ,bibles2 consid] :at ! difficulty mu/ h be5 :5 !y c\ld be giv5 only 9 manuscript4 ,! walls ( ! *ur* necess>ily became ! poor man's ,bible1 & a picture 0 m easily read ^u ! walls ?an a *apt]4 ,"u ?is view1 & consid]+ !m m]ely z ! ,bible pictures ( a great nation 9 its y\?1 ,i %all f9ally invite ! read] to exam9e ! connexion & subjects ( ^! mosaics2 b 9 ! meantime ,i h to deprecate ! idea ( _! execution be+ 9 any s5se b>b>\s4 ,i h conc$$ too mu* to mod]n prejudice1 9 p]mitt+ !m to be rat$ z m]e *ildi% ef=ts at color$ portraiture3 !y h *>act]s 9 !m ( a v noble k9d2 nor are !y by any means devoid ( ! rema9s ( ! sci5ce ( ! lat] ,roman empire4 ,! "* ( ! features is almo/ always f9e1 ! expression /]n & quiet1 & v solemn1 ! attitudes & drap]ies always maje/ic 9 ! s+le figures1 & 9 ^? ( ! gr\ps :i* are n 9 viol5t action2#cf :ile ! bright color+ & disreg>d ( *i>oscuro _c be reg>d$ z imp]fections1 s9ce !y are ! only means by :i* ! figures c\ld be r5d]$ cle>ly intelligible 9 ! di/ance & d>kness ( ! vault+4 ,s f> am ,i f consid]+ !m b>b>\s1 t ,i believe ( all works ( religi\s art :atsoev]1 ^!1 & su* z ^!1 h be5 ! mo/ effective4 ,!y /& exactly midway betwe5 ! debas$ manufacture ( wood5 & wax5 images :i* is ! support ( ,romani/ idolatry all ov] ! _w1 & ! great art :i* leads ! m9d away f ! religi\s subject to ! art itself4 ,respect+ nei!r ( ^! bran*es ( human skill is !re1 nor c !re be1 any "q4 ,! manufacture ( puppets1 h[ev] influ5tial on ! ,romani/ m9d ( ,europe1 is c]ta9ly n des]v+ ( consid]ation z "o ( ! f9e arts4 ,x matt]s lit]ally no?+ to a ,romani/ :at ! image he wor%ips is l4 ,take ! vile/ doll t is screw$ toge!r 9 a *eap toy-%op1 tru/ x to ! keep+ ( a l>ge family ( *ildr51 let x be beat5 ab\t ! h\se by !m till x is r$uc$ to a %apeless block1 !n dress x 9 a sat9 frock & decl>e x to h fall5 f heav51 & x w satisfactorily answ] all ,romani/ purposes4 ,idolatry1#cg x _c be too (t5 repeat$1 is no enc\rag] ( ! f9e arts4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! highe/ bran*es ( ! f9e arts are no enc\rag]s ei!r ( idolatry or ( religion4 ,no picture ( ,leon>do's or ,raphael's1 no /atue ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's1 has ev] be5 wor%ipp$1 except by accid5t4 ,c>elessly reg>d$1 & by ignorant p]sons1 !re is less to attract 9 !m ?an 9 common] works4 ,c>efully reg>d$1 & by intellig5t p]sons1 !y in/antly div]t ! m9d f _! subject to _! art1 s t admiration takes ! place ( devotion4 ,i d n say t ! ,madonna di ,s4 ,si/o1 ! ,madonna del ,c>dell9o1 & su* o!rs1 h n _h consid]able religi\s influ5ce on c]ta9 m9ds1 b ,i say t on ! mass ( ! p ( ,europe !y h _h none :atev]2 :ile by f> ! great] numb] ( ! mo/ celebrat$ /atues & pictures are nev] reg>d$ ) any o!r feel+s ?an ^? ( admiration ( human beauty1 or rev]5ce = human skill4 ,effective religi\s art1 !re=e1 has always la91 & ,i believe mu/ always lie1 betwe5 ! two extremes--( b>b>\s idol-fa%ion+ on "o side1 & magnific5t craftsman%ip on ! o!r4 ,x consi/s p>tly 9 missal pa9t+1 & su* book-illu/rations z1 s9ce ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 h tak5 its place2 p>tly 9 glass-pa9t+2 p>tly 9 rude sculpture on ! outsides ( build+s2 p>tly 9 mosaics2 & p>tly 9 ! frescoes & temp]a pictures :i*1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 =m$ ! l9k betwe5 ?is p[]ful1 because imp]fect1 religi\s art1 & ! impot5t p]fection :i* succe$$ x4 ,,lxiii4 ,b ( all ^! bran*es ! mo/ important are ! inlay+ & mosaic ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 repres5t$ 9 a c5tral mann] by ^! mosaics ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,missal-pa9t+ c\ld n1 f its m9ut5ess1 produce ! same sublime impressions1 & frequ5tly m]g$ itself 9 m]e ornam5tation ( ! page4 ,mod]n book-illu/ration has be5 s little skilful z h>dly to be wor? nam+4 ,sculpture1 ?\gh 9 "s positions x becomes ( great importance1 has always a t5d5cy to lose itself 9 ar*itectural effect2 & 0 probably seldom deciph]$1 9 all its p>ts1 by ! common p1 /ill less ! traditions anneal$ 9 ! purple burn+ ( ! pa9t$ w9d[4 ,f9ally1 temp]a pictures & frescoes 7 (t5 ( limit$ size or ( feeble color4 ,b ! great mosaics ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies cov]$ ! walls & ro(s ( ! *ur*es ) inevitable lu/re2 !y c\ld n be ignor$ or escap$ f2 _! size r5d]$ !m maje/ic1 _! di/ance my/]i\s1 _! color attractive4 ,!y did n pass into confus$ or inf]ior decorations2 nei!r 7 !y adorn$ ) any evid5ces ( skill or sci5ce1 su* z might )draw ! att5tion f _! subjects4 ,!y 7 be=e ! eyes ( ! devotee at e int]val ( 8 wor%ip2 va/ %ad[+s =? ( sc5es to ^: realization he look$ =w>d1 or ( spirits ^: pres5ce he invok$4 ,& ! man mu/ be little capable ( receiv+ a religi\s impression ( any k9d1 :o1 to ?is day1 does n ackn[l$ge "s feel+ ( awe1 z he looks up at ! pale c\nt5ances & gha/ly =ms :i* haunt ! d>k ro(s ( ! ,bapti/]ies ( ,p>ma & ,flor5ce1 or rema9s altoge!r unt\*$ by ! maje/y ( ! colossal images ( apo/les1 & ( ,him :o s5t apo/les1 t look d[n f ! d>k5+ gold ( ! domes ( ,v5ice & ,pisa4 ,,lxiv4 ,i %all1 9 a future portion ( ?is "w1 endeavor to discov] :at probabilities !re are ( our be+ able to use ?is k9d ( art 9 mod]n *ur*es2 b at pres5t x rema9s = u to foll[ out ! connexion ( ! subjects repres5t$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k's s z to fulfil our imm$iate object1 & =m an adequate conception ( ! feel+s ( its build]s1 & ( its uses to ^? = :om x 0 built4 ,n[ !re is "o circum/ance to :i* ,i mu/1 9 ! outset1 direct ! read]'s special att5tion1 z =m+ a notable di/9ction betwe5 anci5t & mod]n days4 ,our eyes are n[ famili> & we>i$ ) writ+2 & if an inscription is put ^u a build+1 unless x be l>ge & cle>1 x is t5 to "o :e!r we ev] tr\ble ourselves to deciph] x4 ,b ! old ar*itect 0 sure ( read]s4 ,he knew t e "o w\ld be glad to deciph] all t he wrote2 t !y w\ld rejoice 9 possess+ ! vault$ leaves ( 8 /one manuscript2 & t ! m he gave !m1 ! m grateful w\ld ! p be4 ,we mu/ take "s pa9s1 !re=e1 :5 we ent] ,/4 ,m>k's1 to read all t is inscrib$1 or we %all n p5etrate into ! feel+ ei!r ( ! build] or ( 8 times4 ,,lxv4 ,a l>ge atrium or portico is atta*$ to two sides ( ! *ur*1 a space :i* 0 especially res]v$ = unbaptiz$ p]sons & new conv]ts4 ,x 0 ?\ght "r t1 be=e _! baptism1 ^! p]sons %\ld be l$ to contemplate ! great facts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory2 ! hi/ory ( ! ,fall ( ,man1 & ( ! lives ( ,patri>*s up to ! p]iod ( ! ,cov5ant by ,moses3 ! ord] ( ! subjects 9 ?is s]ies be+ v ne>ly ! same z 9 _m ,nor!rn *ur*es1 b significantly clos+ ) ! ,fall ( ! ,manna1 9 ord] to m>k to ! cate*um5 ! insuffici5cy ( ! ,mosaic cov5ant = salvation1--,our fa!rs did eat manna 9 ! wild]ness1 & are dead1--& to turn 8 ?\ghts to ! true ,bread ( :i* t manna 0 ! type4 ,,lxvi4 ,!n1 :5 aft] 8 baptism he 0 p]mitt$ to ent] ! *ur*1 ov] its ma9 entrance he saw1 on look+ back1 a mosaic ( ,*ri/ en?ron$1 ) ! ,virg9 on "o side & ,/4 ,m>k on ! o!r1 9 attitudes ( adoration4 ,*ri/ is repres5t$ z hold+ a book op5 ^u 8 knee1 on :i* is writt53 ,i ,,am ,,! ,,door2 ,,by ,,me ,,if ,,any ,,man ,,ent] ,,91 ,,he ,,%all ,,be ,,sav$4 ,on ! r$ m>ble m\ld+ :i* surr\nds ! mosaic is writt53 ,i ,,am ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,life2 ,,let ,,^? ,,:o ,,are ,,m9e ,,ent] ,,by ,,me4 ,above1 on ! r$ m>ble fillet :i* =ms ! cornice ( ! we/ end ( ! *ur*1 is writt51 ) ref]5ce to ! figure ( ,*ri/ bel[3 ,,:o ,,he ,,01 ,,& ,,f ,,:om ,,he ,,came1 ,,& ,,at ,,:at ,,price ,,he ,,r$eem$ ,,!e1 ,,& ,,:y ,,he ,,made ,,!e1 ,,& ,,gave ,,!e ,,all ,,?+s1 ,,d ,,?\ ,,consid]4 ,n[ obs]ve1 ?is 0 n to be se5 & read only by ! cate*um5 :5 he fir/ ent]$ ! *ur*2 e "o :o at any "t ent]$1 0 suppos$ to look back & to read ?is writ+2 _! daily entrance into ! *ur* 0 ?us made a daily memorial ( _! fir/ entrance into ! spiritual ,*ur*2 & we %all f9d t ! re/ ( ! book :i* 0 op5$ = !m ^u its walls cont9ually l$ !m 9 ! same mann] to reg>d ! visible temple z 9 e "p a type ( ! invisible ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,,lxvii4 ,!re=e ! mosaic ( ! fir/ dome1 :i* is ov] ! head ( ! spectator z soon z he has ent]$ by ! great door 7t door be+ ! type ( baptism71 repres5ts ! effusion ( ! ,holy ,_s1 z ! fir/ consequ5ce & seal ( ! entrance into ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! cupola is ! ,dove1 en?ron$ 9 ! ,greek mann]1 z ! ,lamb is en?ron$1 :5 ! ,div9ity ( ! ,second & ,?ird ,p]sons is to be insi/$ ^u toge!r ) _! peculi> (fices4 ,f ! c5tral symbol ( ! ,holy ,_s twelve /reams ( fire desc5d ^u ! heads ( ! twelve apo/les1 :o are repres5t$ /&+ ar\nd ! dome2 & bel[ !m1 betwe5 ! w9d[s :i* are pi]c$ 9 its walls1 are repres5t$1 by gr\ps ( two figures = ea* sep>ate p1 ! v>i\s nations :o he>d ! apo/les speak1 at ,p5teco/1 e man 9 8 own tongue4 ,f9ally1 on ! vaults1 at ! f\r angles :i* support ! cupola1 are pictur$ f\r angels1 ea* be>+ a tablet ^u ! end ( a rod 9 8 h&3 on ea* ( ! tablets ( ! ?ree fir/ angels is inscrib$ ! ^w ,holy2 on t ( ! f\r? is writt5 ,"l2 & ! beg9n+ ( ! hymn be+ ?us put into ! m\?s ( ! f\r angels1 ! words ( x are cont9u$ ar\nd ! bord] ( ! dome1 unit+ praise to ,god = ! gift ( ! ,_s1 ) welcome to ! r$eem$ s\l receiv$ into ,8 ,*ur*3 ,,holy1 ,,holy1 ,,holy1 ,,"l ,,god ,,( ,,sabao?3 ,,heav5 ,,& ,,e>? ,,are ,,full ,,( ,,?y ,,glory4 ,,hosanna ,,9 ,,! ,,highe/3 ,,bless$ ,,is ,,he ,,t ,,come? ,,9 ,,! ,,"n ,,( ,,! ,,"l4 ,& obs]ve 9 ?is writ+ t ! conv]t is requir$ to reg>d ! outp\r+ ( ! ,holy ,_s especially z a "w ( sanctification4 ,x is ! hol9ess ( ,god manife/$ 9 ! giv+ ( ,8 ,_s to sanctify ^? :o _h become ,8 *ildr51 :i* ! f\r angels celebrate 9 _! ceaseless praise2 & x is on acc\nt ( ?is hol9ess t ! heav5 & e>? are said to be full ( ,8 glory4 ,,lxviii4 ,aft] ?us he>+ praise r5d]$ to ,god by ! angels = ! salvation ( ! newly-ent]$ s\l1 x 0 ?\ght fitte/ t ! wor%ipp] %\ld be l$ to contemplate1 9 ! mo/ compreh5sive =ms possible1 ! pa/ evid5ce & ! future hopes ( ,*ri/ianity1 z summ$ up 9 ?ree facts )\t assurance ( :i* all fai? is va92 namely t ,*ri/ di$1 t ,he rose aga91 & t ,he asc5d$ into heav51 !re to prep>e a place = ,8 elect4 ,on ! vault betwe5 ! fir/ & second cupolas are repres5t$ ! crucifixion & resurrection ( ,*ri/1 ) ! usual s]ies ( int]m$iate sc5es1--! treason ( ,judas1 ! judgm5t ( ,pilate1 ! cr[n+ ) ?orns1 ! desc5t into ,hades1 ! visit ( ! wom5 to ! sepul*re1 & ! app>ition to ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,! second cupola itself1 :i* is ! c5tral & pr9cipal "o ( ! *ur*1 is entirely occupi$ by ! subject ( ! ,asc5sion4 ,at ! highe/ po9t ( x ,*ri/ is repres5t$ z ris+ into ! blue heav51 borne up by f\r angels1 & ?ron$ ^u a ra9b[1 ! type ( reconciliation4 ,b5ea? him1 ! twelve apo/les are se5 ^u ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 ) ! ,madonna1 &1 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 ! two m5 9 :ite app>el :o appe>$ at ! mom5t ( ! ,asc5sion1 above :om1 z utt]$ by !m1 are inscrib$ ! words1 ,ye m5 ( ,galilee1 :y /& ye gaz+ up into heav58 ,?is ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god1 z ,he is tak5 f y1 %all s come1 ! arbit] ( ! e>?1 tru/$ to d judgm5t & ju/ice4 ,,lxix4 ,b5ea? ! circle ( ! apo/les1 betwe5 ! w9d[s ( ! cupola1 are repres5t$ ! ,*ri/ian virtues1 z sequ5t ^u ! crucifixion ( ! fle%1 & ! spiritual asc5sion toge!r ) ,*ri/4 ,b5ea? !m1 on ! vaults :i* support ! angles ( ! cupola1 are plac$ ! f\r ,evangeli/s1 because on _! evid5ce our assurance ( ! fact ( ! asc5sion re/s2 &1 f9ally1 b5ea? _! feet1 z symbols ( ! sweetness & fulness ( ! ,gospel :i* !y decl>$1 are repres5t$ ! f\r riv]s ( ,p>adise1 ,pison1 ,gihon1 ,tigris1 & ,euphrates4 ,,lxx4 ,! ?ird cupola1 t ov] ! alt>1 repres5ts ! witness ( ! ,old ,te/am5t to ,*ri/2 %[+ him en?ron$ 9 its c5tre1 & surr\nd$ by ! patri>*s & prophets4 ,b ?is dome 0 little se5 by ! p2#ch _! contemplation 0 int5d$ to be *iefly drawn to t ( ! c5tre ( ! *ur*1 & ?us ! m9d ( ! wor%ipp] 0 at once fix$ on ! ma9 gr\ndwork & hope ( ,*ri/ianity1--,*ri/ is ris51 & ,*ri/ %all come4 ,if he _h "t to explore ! m9or lat]al *apels & cupolas1 he c\ld f9d 9 !m ! :ole s]ies ( ,new ,te/am5t hi/ory1 ! ev5ts ( ! ,life ( ,*ri/1 & ! ,apo/olic miracles 9 _! ord]1 & f9ally ! sc5]y ( ! ,book ( ,revelation2#ci b if he only ent]$1 z (t5 ! common p d to ?is h\r1 snat*+ a few mom5ts be=e beg9n+ ! labor ( ! day to (f] up an ejaculatory pray]1 & advanc$ b f ! ma9 entrance z f> z ! alt> scre51 all ! spl5dor ( ! glitt]+ nave & v>iegat$ dome1 if !y smote ^u 8 he>t1 z !y might (t51 9 /range contra/ ) 8 re$ cab9 among ! %all[s ( ! lagoon1 smote ^u x only t !y might proclaim ! two great messages--,*ri/ is ris51 & ,*ri/ %all come4 ,daily1 z ! :ite cupolas rose l wrea?s ( sea-foam 9 ! dawn1 :ile ! %ad[y campanile & fr[n+ palace 7 /ill )drawn into ! night1 !y rose ) ! ,ea/] ,voice ( ,triumph1--,*ri/ is ris52 & daily1 z !y look$ d[n ^u ! tumult ( ! p1 deep5+ & eddy+ 9 ! wide squ>e t op5$ f _! feet to ! sea1 !y utt]$ above !m ! s5t5ce ( w>n+1--,*ri/ %all come4 ,,lxxxi4 ,& ?is ?\ght may surely dispose ! read] to look ) "s *ange ( temp] ^u ! gorge\s build+ & wild blazonry ( t %r9e ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,he n[ p]ceives t x 0 9 ! he>ts ( ! old ,v5etian p f> m ?an a place ( wor%ip4 ,x 0 at once a type ( ! ,r$eem$ ,*ur* ( ,god1 & a scroll = ! writt5 ^w ( ,god4 ,x 0 to be to !m1 bo? an image ( ! ,bride1 all glori\s )91 h] clo?+ ( wr\ght gold2 & ! actual ,table ( ! ,law & ! ,te/imony1 writt5 )9 & )\t4 ,& :e!r honor$ z ! ,*ur* or z ! ,bible1 0 x n fitt+ t nei!r ! gold nor ! cry/al %\ld be sp>$ 9 ! adornm5t ( x2 t1 z ! symbol ( ! ,bride1 ! build+ ( ! wall !re( %\ld be ( jasp]1#dj & ! f\ndations ( x g>ni%$ ) all mann] ( preci\s /ones2 & t1 z ! *annel ( ! ,_w1 t triumphant utt]ance ( ! ,psalmi/ %\ld be true ( x1--,i h rejoic$ 9 ! way ( ?y te/imonies1 z mu* z 9 all ri*es8 ,& %all we n look ) *ang$ temp] d[n ! long p]spective ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,place t[>ds ! sev5fold gates & gl[+ domes ( its temple1 :5 we "k ) :at solemn purpose ! %afts ( x 7 lift$ above ! pavem5t ( ! popul\s squ>e8 ,m5 met !re f all c\ntries ( ! e>?1 = traffic or = pleasure2 b1 above ! cr[d sway+ = ev] to & fro 9 ! re/lessness ( av>ice or ?ir/ ( delight1 0 se5 p]petually ! glory ( ! temple1 atte/+ to !m1 :e!r !y w\ld he> or :e!r !y w\ld =be>1 t !re 0 "o treasure :i* ! m]*antm5 might buy )\t a price1 & "o delight bett] ?an all o!rs1 9 ! ^w & ! /atutes ( ,god4 ,n 9 ! wantonness ( weal?1 n 9 va9 m9i/ry to ! desire ( ! eyes or ! pride ( life1 7 ^? m>bles hewn into transp>5t /r5g?1 & ^? ar*es array$ 9 ! colors ( ! iris4 ,!re is a message writt5 9 ! dyes ( !m1 t once 0 writt5 9 blood2 & a s\nd 9 ! e*oes ( _! vaults1 t "o day %all fill ! vault ( heav51--,he %all return1 to d judgm5t & ju/ice4 ,! /r5g? ( ,v5ice 0 giv5 h]1 s long z %e rememb]$ ?is3 h] de/ruction f\nd h] :5 %e _h =gott5 ?is2 & x f\nd h] irrevocably1 because %e =got x )\t excuse4 ,nev] _h city a m glori\s ,bible4 ,among ! nations ( ! ,nor?1 a rude & %ad[y sculpture fill$ _! temples ) confus$ & h>dly legible imag]y2 b1 = h]1 ! skill & ! treasures ( ! ,ea/ _h gild$ e lett]1 & illum9$ e page1 till ! ,book-,temple %one f af> (f l ! /> ( ! ,magi4 ,9 o!r cities1 ! meet+s ( ! p 7 (t5 9 places )drawn f religi\s association1 subject to viol5ce & to *ange2 & on ! grass ( ! dang]\s ramp>t1 & 9 ! du/ ( ! tr\bl$ /reet1 !re 7 de$s done & c\nsels tak51 :i*1 if we _c ju/ify1 we may sometimes =give4 ,b ! s9s ( ,v5ice1 :e!r 9 h] palace or 9 h] piazza1 7 done ) ! ,bible at h] "r h&4 ,! walls on :i* its te/imony 0 writt5 7 sep>at$ b by a few in*es ( m>ble f ^? :i* gu>d$ ! secrets ( h] c\ncils1 or conf9$ ! victims ( h] policy4 ,& :5 9 h] la/ h\rs %e ?rew (f all %ame & all re/ra9t1 & ! great squ>e ( ! city became fill$ ) ! madness ( ! :ole e>?1 be x rememb]$ h[ mu* h] s9 0 great]1 because x 0 done 9 ! face ( ! ,h\se ( ,god1 burn+ ) ! lett]s ( ,8 ,law4 ,m\ntebank & masqu] laugh$ _! laugh1 & w5t _! way2 & a sil5ce has foll[$ !m1 n un=etold2 = amid/ !m all1 ?r\gh c5tury aft] c5tury ( ga!r+ vanity & fe/]+ guilt1 t :ite dome ( ,/4 ,m>k's _h utt]$ 9 ! dead e> ( ,v5ice1 ,"k ?\1 t = all ^! ?+s ,god w br+ !e into judgm5t4 ,,footnotes #ai ,acts1 xiii4 #ac2 xv4 #ch1 #ci4 #bj ,! read] :o desires to inve/igate x may consult ,galliciolli1 ,delle ,memorie ,v5ete 7,v5ice1 #agie71 tom4 ii4 p4 #ccb1 & ! au?orities quot$ by him4 #ba ,v5ice1 #agfa1 tom4 i4 p4 #abf4 #bb ,/4 ,m>k's ,place1 p>tly cov]$ by turf1 & plant$ ) a few trees2 & on acc\nt ( its pleasant aspect call$ ,brollo or ,broglio1 t is to say1 ,g>d54 ,! canal pass$ ?r\gh x1 ov] :i* is built ! bridge ( ! ,malpassi1 ,galliciolli1 lib4 i4 cap4 viii4 #bc ,my au?orities = ?is /atem5t are giv5 bel[1 9 ! *apt] on ! ,ducal ,palace4 #bd ,9 ! ,*ronicles1 ,sancti ,m>ci ,ducalis ,cappella4 #be ,to ,god ! ,"l1 ! glori\s ,virg9 ,annunciate1 & ! ,protector ,/4 ,m>k4--,corn]1 p4 #ad4 ,x is ne$less to tr\ble ! read] ) ! v>i\s au?orities = ! above /atem5ts3 ,i h consult$ ! be/4 ,! previ\s inscription once exi/+ on ! *ur* itself3 ,anno mill5o transacto bisque trig5o ,desup] undecimo fuit facta primo1 is no long] to be se51 & is conjectur$ by ,corn]1 ) mu* probability1 to h p]i%$ 9 qual*e ri/auro4 #bf ,sign$ ,b>tolomeus ,bozza1 #afcd1 #afdg1 #afef1 c4 #bg ,guida di ,v5ezia1 p4 #f4 #bh ,! m]e w>m? ( ,/4 ,m>k's 9 w9t]1 :i* is mu* great] ?an t ( ! o!r two *ur*es above nam$1 mu/1 h[ev]1 be tak5 into consid]ation1 z "o ( ! mo/ effici5t causes ( its be+ !n m frequ5t$4 #bi ,i said above t ! l>g] numb] ( ! devotees ent]$ by ! ,arabian por*2 ! por*1 t is to say1 on ! nor? side ( ! *ur*1 rem>kable = its ri* ,arabian ar*ivolt1 & ?r\gh :i* access is ga9$ imm$iately to ! nor!rn transept4 ,! reason is1 t 9 t transept is ! *apel ( ! ,madonna1 :i* has a great] attraction = ! ,v5etians ?an all ! re/ ( ! *ur* besides4 ,! old build]s kept _! images ( ! ,virg9 subord9ate to ^? ( ,*ri/2 b mod]n ,romanism has retrograd$ f !irs1 & ! mo/ glitt]+ portions ( ! :ole *ur* are ! two recesses beh9d ?is lat]al alt>1 cov]$ ) silv] he>ts d$icat$ to ! ,virg94 #cj ,vide ,build]1 = ,octob]1 #ahea4 #ca ,quivi presso si v$i una colonna di tanta bellezza e f9ezza *e e riputato piuto/o gioia *e pietra4--,sansov9o1 ( ! v]d-antique pill> 9 ,san ,jacomo dell' ,orio4 ,a rem>kable piece ( natural hi/ory & moral philosophy1 connect$ ) ?is subject1 w be f\nd 9 ! second *apt] ( our ?ird volume1 quot$ f ! "w ( a ,flor5t9e ar*itect ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 #cb ,! fact is1 t no two tess] ( ! glass are exactly ( ! same t9t1 ! gre5s be+ all v>i$ ) blues1 ! blues ( diff]5t dep?s1 ! r$s ( diff]5t cle>ness1 s t ! effect ( ea* mass ( color is full ( v>iety1 l ! /ippl$ color ( a fruit piece4 #cc ,"s illu/ration1 also1 ( :at 0 said 9 ,,xxxiii4 above1 respect+ ! value ( ! %afts ( ,/4 ,m>k's z l>ge jewels1 w be f\nd 9 ,app5dix #i1 ,%afts ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 #cd ,see ! f>!r notice ( ?is subject 9 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,*ap4 ,,iv4 #ce ,i d n mean t mod]n ,*ri/ians believe less 9 ! facts ?an anci5t ,*ri/ians1 b !y d n believe 9 ! repres5tation ( ! facts z true4 ,we look ^u ! picture z ?is or t pa9t]'s conception2 ! eld] ,*ri/ians look$ ^u x z ?is or t pa9t]'s description ( :at _h actually tak5 place4 ,& 9 ! ,greek ,*ur* all pa9t+ is1 to ?is day1 /rictly a bran* ( tradition4 ,see ,m4 ,did]on's admirably writt5 introduction to 8 ,iconographie ,*rti5ne1 p4 #g3--,un de mes compagnons s'tonnait de retr\v] la ,panagia de ,/4 ,luc1 le sa9t ,jean ,*ryso/ome qu'il avait dess9 dans le bapti/re de ,/4 ,m>c1 ,v5ise4 ,le co/ume des p]sonnages e/ p>t\t et en t\t temps le mme1 non-seulem5t p\r la =me1 mais p\r la c\leur1 mais p\r le dess91 mais jusque p\r le nombre et l'paisseur des plis4 #cf ,all ! effects ( ,byzant9e art to repres5t viol5t action are inadequate1 mo/ ( !m ludicr\sly s1 ev5 :5 ! sculptural art is 9 o!r respects f> advanc$4 ,! e>ly ,go?ic sculptors1 on ! o!r h&1 fail 9 all po9ts ( ref9em5t1 b h>dly ev] 9 expression ( action4 ,?is di/9ction is ( c\rse "o ( ! necess>y consequ5ces ( ! diff]5ce 9 all respects betwe5 ! repose ( ! ,ea/]n1 & activity ( ! ,we/]n1 m9d1 :i* we %all h to trace out completely 9 ! inquiry into ! nature ( ,go?ic4 #cg ,app5dix #aj1 ,prop] ,s5se ( ! ^w ,idolatry4 #ch ,x is also ( inf]ior workman%ip1 & p]haps lat] ?an ! re/4 ,vide ,"l ,l9dsay1 vol4 i4 p4 #abd1 note4 #ci ,! old mosaics f ! ,revelation h p]i%$1 & h be5 replac$ by mis]able "w ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 #dj ,rev4 xxi4 #ah4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,byzant9e ,,palaces4 ,i4 ,! acc\nt ( ! ar*itecture ( ,/4 ,m>k's giv5 9 ! previ\s *apt] has1 ,i tru/1 acqua9t$ ! read] suffici5tly ) ! _s ( ! ,byzant9e /yle3 b he has probably1 z yet1 no cle> idea ( its g5]ic =ms4 ,nor w\ld x be safe to def9e ^! aft] an exam9ation ( ,/4 ,m>k's alone1 built z x 0 ^u v>i\s models1 & at v>i\s p]iods4 ,b if we pass ?r\gh ! city1 look+ = build+s :i* resemble ,/4 ,m>k's--fir/1 9 ! mo/ important feature ( incru/ation2 secondly1 9 ! "* ( ! m\ld+s1--we %all f9d a consid]able numb]1 n inde$ v attractive 9 _! fir/ address to ! eye1 b agree+ p]fectly1 bo? ) ea* o!r1 & ) ! e>lie/ portions ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 9 e important detail2 & to be reg>d$1 !re=e1 ) pr(\nd int]e/1 z inde$ ! rema9s ( an anci5t city ( ,v5ice1 altoge!r diff]5t 9 aspect f t :i* n[ exi/s4 ,f ^! rema9s we may ) safety d$uce g5]al conclusions t\*+ ! =ms ( ,byzant9e ar*itecture1 z practis$ 9 ,ea/]n ,italy1 dur+ ! elev5?1 twelf?1 & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,,ii4 ,!y agree 9 ano!r respect1 z well z 9 /yle4 ,all are ei!r ru9s1 or fragm5ts disguis$ by re/oration4 ,n "o ( !m is un9jur$ or unalt]$2 & ! impossibility ( f9d+ s mu* z an angle or a s+le /ory 9 p]fect condition is a pro(1 h>dly less conv9c+ ?an ! me?od ( _! ar*itecture1 t !y 7 inde$ rais$ dur+ ! e>lie/ phases ( ! ,v5etian p[]4 ,! m]e fragm5ts1 disp]s$ 9 n>r[ /reets1 & recognizable by a s+le capital1 or ! segm5t ( an ar*1 ,i %all n enum]ate3 b1 ( important rema9s1 !re are six 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ! ,rialto1 "o 9 ! ,rio di ,ca' ,fosc>i1 & "o conspicu\sly plac$ opposite ! great ,r5aissance ,palace kn[n z ! ,v5dram9 ,cal]ghi1 "o ( ! few palaces /ill inhabit$#da & well ma9ta9$2 & noticeable1 moreov]1 z hav+ a g>d5 beside x1 ri* ) ev]gre5s1 & decorat$ by gild$ rail+s & :ite /atues t ca/ long /reams ( sn[y reflection d[n into ! deep wat]4 ,! vi/a ( canal beyond is t]m9at$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g]emia1 ano!r b less attractive "w ( ! ,r5aissance2 a mass ( b>r5 brickwork1 ) a dull lead5 dome above1 l ^? ( our ,national ,gall]y4 ,s t ! spectator has ! ri*e/ & meane/ ( ! late ar*itecture ( ,v5ice be=e him at once3 ! ri*e/1 let him obs]ve1 a piece ( private luxury2 ! poore/1 t :i* 0 giv5 to ,god4 ,!n1 look+ to ! left1 he w see ! fragm5t ( ! "w ( e>li] ages1 te/ify+ aga9/ bo?1 n less by its utt] desolation ?an by ! nobl5ess ( ! traces t are /ill left ( x4 ,,iii4 ,x is a gha/ly ru92 :atev] is v5]able or sad 9 its wreck be+ disguis$ by attempts to put x to pres5t uses ( ! base/ k9d4 ,x has be5 compos$ ( arcades borne by m>ble %afts1 & walls ( brick fac$ ) m>ble3 b ! cov]+ /ones h be5 torn away f x l ! %r\d f a corpse2 & its walls1 r5t into a ?\s& *asms1 are fill$ & refill$ ) fre% brickwork1 & ! seams & holl[s are *ok$ ) clay & :itewa%1 ooz+ & trickl+ ov] ! m>ble1--itself blan*$ into du/y decay by ! fro/s ( c5turies4 ,s(t grass & w&]+ leafage h root$ !mselves 9 ! r5ts1 b !y are n suff]$ to gr[ 9 _! own wild & g5tle way1 = ! place is 9 a sort inhabit$2 rott5 p>titions are nail$ across its corridors1 & mis]able rooms contriv$ 9 its we/]n w+2 & "h & !re ! we$s are indol5tly torn d[n1 leav+ _! hagg>d fibres to /ruggle aga9 into un:olesome gr[? :5 ! spr+ next /irs !m3 & ?us1 9 conte/ betwe5 dea? & life1 ! unsightly heap is fe/]+ to its fall4 ,( its hi/ory little is record$1 & t little futile4 ,t x once belong$ to ! dukes ( ,f]r>a1 & 0 b\ght f !m 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 to be made a g5]al receptacle = ! goods ( ! ,turki% m]*ants1 :5ce x is n[ g5]ally kn[n z ! ,fondaco1 or ,fontico1 de' ,tur*i1 are facts j z important to ! antiqu>y1 z t1 9 ! ye> #aheb1 ! municipality ( ,v5ice all[$ its l[] /ory to be us$ = a deposito di ,tabac*i4 ,nei!r ( ?is1 nor ( any o!r rema9s ( ! p]iod1 c we "k any?+ b :at _! own /ones w tell u4 ,,iv4 ,! read] w f9d 9 ,app5dix #aa1 writt5 *iefly = ! travell]'s b5efit1 an acc\nt ( ! situation & pres5t /ate ( ! o!r sev5 ,byzant9e palaces4 ,"h ,i %all only give a g5]al acc\nt ( ! mo/ int]e/+ po9ts 9 _! ar*itecture4 ,!y all agree 9 be+ r\nd-ar*$ & incru/$ ) m>ble1 b !re are only six 9 :i* ! orig9al disposition ( ! p>ts is anywise traceable2 namely1 ^? di/+ui%$ 9 ! ,app5dix z ! ,fondaco de' ,tur*i1 ,casa ,lor$an1 ,caso ,f>setti1 ,rio-,fosc>i ,h\se1 ,t]rac$ ,h\se1 & ,madonnetta ,h\se3#db & ^! six agree f>!r 9 hav+ cont9u\s arcades along _! entire fronts f "o angle to ! o!r1 & 9 hav+ _! arcades divid$1 9 ea* case1 into a c5tre & w+s2 bo? by great] size 9 ! midmo/ ar*es1 & by ! alt]nation ( %afts 9 ! c5tre1 ) pila/]s1 or ) small %afts1 at ! flanks4 ,v4 ,s f> z _! /ructure c be trac$1 !y agree also 9 hav+ tall & few ar*es 9 _! l[] /ories1 & %ort] & m num]\s ar*es above3 b x happ5s mo/ un=tunately t 9 ! only two cases 9 :i* ! second /ories are left ! gr\nd floors are mod]niz$1 & 9 ! o!rs :]e ! sea /ories are left ! second /ories are mod]niz$2 s t we nev] h m ?an two ti]s ( ! ,byzant9e ar*es1 "o above ! o!r4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are q en\gh to %[ ! fir/ ma9 po9t on :i* ,i wi% to insi/1 namely1 ! subtlety ( ! feel+ = proportion 9 ! ,greek ar*itects2 & ,i hope t ev5 ! g5]al read] w n all[ himself to be fright5$ by ! look ( a few measurem5ts1 =1 if he w only take ! little pa9s necess>y to comp>e !m1 he w1 ,i am almo/ c]ta91 f9d ! result n devoid ( int]e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,iv4 ,,vi4 ,i _h int5d$ orig9ally to give elevations ( all ^! palaces2 b h n _h "t to prep>e plates requir+ s mu* labor & c>e4 ,i mu/1 !re=e1 expla9 ! position ( _! p>ts 9 ! simple/ way 9 my p[]4 ,! ,fondaco de' ,tur*i has sixte5 ar*es 9 its sea /ory1 & tw5ty-six above !m 9 its fir/ /ory1 ! :ole bas$ on a magnific5t f\ndation1 built ( blocks ( r$ m>ble1 "s ( !m sev5 feet long by a foot & a half ?ick1 & rais$ to a height ( ab\t five feet above high-wat] m>k4 ,at ?is level1 ! elevation ( "o half ( ! build+1 f its flank to ! c5tral pill>s ( its arcades1 is rudely giv5 9 ,fig4 ,,iv41 9 ! previ\s page4 ,x is only drawn to %[ ! arrangem5t ( ! p>ts1 z ! sculptures :i* are indicat$ by ! circles & upright oblongs betwe5 ! ar*es are too delicate to be %[n 9 a sket* ?ree times ! size ( ?is4 ,! build+ once 0 cr[n$ ) an ,arabian p>apet2 b x 0 tak5 d[n "s ye>s s9ce1 & ,i am aw>e ( no au!ntic repres5tation ( its details4 ,! great] "p ( ! sculptures betwe5 ! ar*es1 indicat$ 9 ! woodcut only by blank circles1 h also fall51 or be5 remov$1 b en\gh rema9 on ! two flanks to ju/ify ! repres5tation giv5 9 ! diagram ( _! orig9al arrangem5t4 ,& n[ obs]ve ! dim5sions4 ,! small ar*es ( ! w+s 9 ! gr\nd /ory1 a1 a1 a1 measure1 9 bread?1 f ,ft4 ,94 %aft to %aft #d #e int]val b #g #f int]val c #g #aa int]vals d1 e1 f1 c4 #h #a ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! wid? ( ! ar*es b & c is necessitat$ by ! small recess ( ! cornice on ! left h& z comp>$ ) t ( ! great capitals2 b ?is sudd5 diff]5ce ( half a foot betwe5 ! two extreme ar*es ( ! c5tre (f5d$ ! build]'s eye1 s he dim9i%$ ! next "o1 unnecess>ily1 two in*es1 & ?us obta9$ ! gradual cad5ce to ! flanks1 f eight feet d[n to f\r & a half1 9 a s]ies ( cont9ually increas+ /eps4 ,( c\rse ! effect _c be %[n 9 ! diagram1 z ! fir/ diff]5ce is less ?an ! ?ickness ( its l9es4 ,9 ! upp] /ory ! capitals are all ne>ly ( ! same height1 & !re 0 no occasion = ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! extreme ar*es4 ,its tw5ty-six ar*es are plac$1 f\r small ones above ea* lat]al ?ree ( ! l[] arcade1 & eighte5 l>g] above ! c5tral t52 ?us ?r[+ ! %afts into all mann] ( relative positions1 & completely confus+ ! eye 9 any ef=t to c\nt !m3 b !re is an exquisite symmetry runn+ ?r\gh _! app>5t confusion2 = x w be se5 t ! f\r ar*es 9 ea* flank are arrang$ 9 two gr\ps1 ( :i* "o has a l>ge s+le %aft 9 ! c5tre1 & ! o!r a pila/] & two small %afts4 ,! way 9 :i* ! l>ge %aft is us$ z an e*o ( ^? 9 ! c5tral arcade1 dovetail+ !m1 z x 71 into ! sy/em ( ! pila/]s1--j z a great pa9t]1 pass+ f "o tone ( color to ano!r1 repeats1 ov] a small space1 t :i* he has left1--is highly *>act]i/ic ( ! ,byzant9e c>e 9 composition4 ,!re are o!r evid5ces ( x 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! capitals1 :i* w be notic$ bel[ 9 ! sev5? *apt]4 ,! lat]al ar*es ( ?is upp] arcade measure #c ft4 #b 94 across1 & ! c5tral #c ft4 #aa 941 s t ! ar*es 9 ! build+ are altoge!r ( six magnitudes4 ,,vii4 ,next let u take ! ,casa ,lor$an4 ,! mode ( arrangem5t ( its pill>s is precisely l t ( ! ,fondaco de' ,tur*i1 s t ,i %all m]ely indicate !m by v]tical l9es 9 ord] to be able to lett] ! int]vals4 ,x has five ar*es 9 ! c5tre ( ! l[] /ory1 & two 9 ea* ( its w+s4 ,illu/ration ,ft4 ,94 ,! midmo/ int]val1 a1 ( ! c5tral five1 is #f #a ,! two on ea* side1 b1 b #e #b ,! two extremes1 c1 c #d #i ,inn] ar*es ( ! w+s1 d1 d #d #d ,out] ar*es ( ! w+s1 e1 e #d #f ,! gradation ( ^! dim5sions is visible at a glance2 ! bolde/ /ep be+ "h tak5 ne>e/ ! c5tre1 :ile 9 ! ,fondaco x is f>!/ f ! c5tre4 ,! fir/ loss "h is ( elev5 in*es1 ! second ( five1 ! ?ird ( five1 & !n !re is a mo/ subtle increase ( two in*es 9 ! extreme ar*es1 z if to contradict ! pr9ciple ( dim9ution1 & /op ! fall+ away ( ! build+ by firm resi/ance at its flanks4 ,i c\ld n get ! measures ( ! upp] /ory accurately1 ! palace hav+ be5 clos$ all ! "t ,i 0 9 ,v5ice2 b x has sev5 c5tral ar*es above ! five bel[1 & ?ree at ! flanks above ! two bel[1 ! gr\ps be+ sep>at$ by d\ble %afts4 ,,viii4 ,aga91 9 ! ,casa ,f>setti1 ! l[] /ory has a c5tre ( five ar*es1 & w+s ( two4 ,ref]r+1 !re=e1 to ! la/ figure1 :i* w answ] = ?is palace also1 ! measures ( ! int]vals are3 ,ft4 ,94 a #h #j b #e #aj c #e #d d & e #e #c ,x is1 h[ev]1 possible t ! int]val c & ! w+ ar*es may h be5 int5d$ to be simil>2 = "o ( ! w+ ar*es measures #e ft4 #d 94 ,we h ?us a simpl] proportion ?an any we h hi!rto met )2 only two losses tak+ place1 ! fir/ ( #b ft4 #b 941 ! second ( #f in*es4 ,! upp] /ory has a c5tral gr\p ( sev5 ar*es1 ^: wid?s are #d ft4 #a 94 ,ft4 ,94 ,! next ar* on ea* side #c #e ,! ?ree ar*es ( ea* w+ #c #f ,"h aga9 we h a mo/ curi\s in/ance ( ! subtlety ( eye :i* 0 n satisfi$ )\t a ?ird dim5sion1 b c\ld be satisfi$ ) a diff]5ce ( an in* on ?ree feet & a half4 ,,ix4 ,9 ! ,t]rac$ ,h\se1 ! gr\nd floor is mod]niz$1 b ! fir/ /ory is compos$ ( a c5tre ( five ar*es1 ) w+s ( two1 measur+ z foll[s3 ,ft4 ,94 ,?ree midmo/ ar*es ( ! c5tral gr\p #d #j ,out]mo/ ar* ( ! c5tral gr\p #d #f ,inn]mo/ ar* ( ! w+ #d #aj ,out]mo/ ar* ( ! w+#dc #e #j ,"h ! greate/ /ep is t[>ds ! c5tre2 b ! increase1 :i* is unusual1 is t[>ds ! outside1 ! ga9 be+ successively six1 f\r1 & two in*es4 ,i c\ld n obta9 ! measures ( ! second /ory1 9 :i* only ! c5tral gr\p is left2 b ! two out]mo/ ar*es are visibly l>g] ?an ! o!rs1 ?us beg9n+ a correspond5t proportion to ! "o bel[1 ( :i* ! lat]al quantities h be5 de/roy$ by re/orations4 ,x4 ,f9ally1 9 ! ,rio-,fosc>i ,h\se1 ! c5tral ar* is ! pr9cipal feature1 & ! f\r lat]al ones =m "o magnific5t w+2 ! dim5sions be+ f ! c5tre to ! side3 ,ft4 ,94 ,c5tral ar* #i #i ,second #c #h ,?ird #c #aj ,f\r? #c #aj ,fif? #c #h ,! diff]5ce ( two in*es on ne>ly ?ree feet 9 ! two midmo/ ar*es be+ all t 0 necess>y to satisfy ! build]'s eye4 ,,xi4 ,i ne$ n po9t out to ! read] t ^! s+ul> & m9ute h>monies ( proportion indicate1 beyond all dispute1 n only t ! build+s 9 :i* !y are f\nd are ( "o s*ool1 b 7s f> z ^! subtle co9cid5ces ( measurem5t c /ill be trac$ 9 !m7 9 _! orig9al =m4 ,no mod]n build] has any idea ( connect+ 8 ar*es 9 ?is mann]1 & re/orations 9 ,v5ice are c>ri$ on ) too viol5t h&s to admit ( ! supposition t su* ref9em5ts w\ld be ev5 notic$ 9 ! progress ( demolition1 mu* less imitat$ 9 he$less reproduction4 ,& z if to direct our att5tion especially to ?is "*1 z indicative ( ,byzant9e workman%ip1 ! mo/ int]e/+ example ( all w be f\nd 9 ! ar*es ( ! front ( ,/4 ,m>k's itself1 ^: proportions ,i h n notic$ be=e1 9 ord] t !y might "h be comp>$ ) ^? ( ! contempor>y palaces4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,v4 ,,xii4 ,! doors actually employ$ = entrance 9 ! we/]n faade are z usual five1 arrang$ z at a 9 ! annex$ woodcut1 ,fig4 ,v42 b ! ,byzant9e build] c\ld n be satisfi$ ) s simple a gr\p1 & he introduc$1 !re=e1 two m9or ar*es at ! extremities1 z at b1 by add+ two small porticos :i* are ( no use :atev] except to consummate ! proportions ( ! faade1 & !mselves to exhibit ! mo/ exquisite proportions 9 arrangem5ts ( %aft & ar*ivolt ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$ 9 ! entire range ( ,european ar*itecture4 ,into ^! m9or p>ticul>s ,i _c "h ent]2 b obs]ve ! dim5sions ( ! range ( ar*es 9 ! faade1 z ?us complet$ by ! flank+ porticos3 ,ft4 ,94 ,! space ( its c5tral ar*ivolt is #ca #h ! two on ea* side1 ab\t#dd #ai #h ! two succe$+1 ab\t #bj #d small ar*es at flanks1 ab\t #f #j ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,vi4 ,i ne$ n make any comm5t ^u ! subtle diff]5ce ( eight in*es on tw5ty feet betwe5 ! second & ?ird dim5sions4 ,if ! read] w be at ! pa9s to comp>e ! :ole evid5ce n[ laid be=e him1 ) t d$uc$ above f ! apse ( ,murano1 he _c b confess t x am\nts to an irrefragable pro( ( an int5se p]ception ( h>mony 9 ! relation ( quantities1 on ! "p ( ! ,byzant9e ar*itects2 a p]ception :i* we h at pres5t lo/ s utt]ly z h>dly to be able ev5 to conceive x4 ,& let x n be said1 z x 0 ( ! late discov]ies ( subtle curvature 9 ! ,p>!non1#de t :at is n to be demon/rat$ )\t labori\s measurem5t1 _c h influ5ce on ! beauty ( ! design4 ,! eye is cont9ually influ5c$ by :at x _c detect2 nay1 x is n go+ too f> to say1 t x is mo/ influ5c$ by :at x detects lea/4 ,let ! pa9t] def9e1 if he c1 ! v>iations ( l9es on :i* dep5d ! *anges ( expression 9 ! human c\nt5ance4 ,! great] he is1 ! m he w feel _! subtlety1 & ! int5se difficulty ( p]ceiv+ all _! relations1 or answ]+ = ! consequ5ces ( a v>iation ( a hair's bread? 9 a s+le curve4 ,inde$1 !re is no?+ truly noble ei!r 9 color or 9 =m1 b its p[] dep5ds on circum/ances inf9itely too intricate to be expla9$1 & almo/ too subtle to be trac$4 ,& z = ^! ,byzant9e build+s1 we only d n feel !m because we d n wat* !m2 o!rwise we %\ld z mu* enjoy ! v>iety ( proportion 9 _! ar*es1 z we d at pres5t t ( ! natural ar*itecture ( fl[]s & leaves4 ,any ( u c feel 9 an in/ant ! grace ( ! leaf gr\p1 b1 9 ! annex$ figure2 & yet t grace is simply ow+ to its be+ proportion$ l ! faade ( ,/4 ,m>k's2 ea* leaflet answ]+ to an ar*1--! smalle/ at ! root1 to ^? ( ! porticos4 ,i h tri$ to give ! proportion q accurately 9 b2 b z ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! second & ?ird leaflets is h>dly disc]nible on s small a scale1 x is some:at exagg]at$ 9 a4#df ,nature is (t5 f> m subtle 9 h] proportions4 ,9 look+ at "s ( ! nobl] species ( lilies1 full 9 ! front ( ! fl[]1 we may fancy = a mom5t t !y =m a symmetrical six-petal$ />2 b on exam9+ !m m closely1 we %all f9d t !y are ?r[n into a gr\p ( ?ree magnitudes by ! expansion ( two ( ! inn] petals above ! /am5s to a bread? great] ?an any ( ! f\r o!rs2 :ile ! ?ird inn] petal1 on :i* ! /am5s re/1 contracts itself into ! n>r[e/ ( ! six1 & ! ?ree "u petals rema9 ( "o int]m$iate magnitude1 z se5 9 ! annex$ figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,vii4 ,,xiii4 ,i mu/ n1 h[ev]1 we>y ! read] ) ?is subject1 :i* has always be5 a favorite "o ) me1 & is apt to lead too f>2 we w return to ! palaces on ! ,gr& ,canal4 ,admitt+1 !n1 t _! fragm5ts are prov$1 by ! m9ute correspond5ces ( _! arrangem5t1 to be /ill 9 _! orig9al positions1 !y indicate to u a =m1 :e!r ( palace or dwell+-h\se1 9 :i* !re 71 univ]sally1 c5tral gall]ies1 or loggias1 op5+ into ap>tm5ts on ea* w+1 ! am\nt ( light admitt$ be+ imm5se2 & ! g5]al proportions ( ! build+1 sl5d]1 light1 & graceful 9 ! utmo/ degree1 x be+ 9 fact little m ?an an aggregate ( %afts & ar*es4 ,( ! int]ior disposition ( ^! palaces !re is 9 no in/ance ! slighte/ trace left1 nor am ,i well en\gh acqua9t$ ) ! exi/+ ar*itecture ( ! ,ea/ to risk any conjecture on ?is subject4 ,i pursue ! /atem5t ( ! facts :i* /ill are asc]ta9able respect+ _! ext]nal =ms4 ,,xiv4 ,9 e "o ( ! build+s above m5tion$1 except ! ,rio-,fosc>i ,h\se 7:i* has only "o great entrance betwe5 its w+s71 ! c5tral arcades are su/a9$1 at lea/ 9 "o /ory1 & g5]ally 9 bo?1 on bold deta*$ cyl9drical %afts1 ) ri* capitals1 :ile ! ar*es ( ! w+s are c>ri$ on small] %afts assi/$ by portions ( wall1 :i* become pila/]s ( great] or less wid?4 ,& n[ ,i mu/ rem9d ! read] ( :at 0 po9t$ out above 7,vol4 ,i4 ,*ap4 ,,xxvii4 ,,iii4 ,,xxxv4 ,,xl471 t !re are two great ord]s ( capitals 9 ! _w2 t "o ( ^! is convex 9 its cont\r1 ! o!r concave2 & t ri*ness ( ornam5t1 ) all fre$om ( fancy1 is = ! mo/ "p f\nd 9 ! "o1 & sev]ity ( ornam5t1 ) /]n discipl9e ( ! fancy1 9 ! o!r4 ,( ^! two families ( capitals bo? occur 9 ! ,byzant9e p]iod1 b ! concave gr\p is ! longe/-liv$1 & ext5ds itself into ! ,go?ic times4 ,9 ! acc\nt :i* ,i gave ( !m 9 ! fir/ volume1 !y 7 illu/rat$ by giv+ two portions ( a simple curve1 t ( a salvia leaf4 ,we mu/ n[ inve/igate _! *>act]s m 9 detail2 & ^! may be be/ g5]ally repres5t$ by consid]+ bo? families z =m$ ^u ! types ( fl[]s1--! "o ^u t ( ! wat]-lily1 ! o!r ^u t ( ! convolvulus4 ,!re 0 no int5tion 9 ! ,byzant9e ar*itects to imitate ei!r "o or ! o!r ( ^! fl[]s2 b1 z ,i h already s (t5 repeat$1 all beautiful works ( art mu/ ei!r int5tionally imitate or accid5tally resemble natural =ms2 & ! direct comp>ison ) ! natural =ms :i* ^! capitals mo/ resemble1 is ! likelie/ mode ( fix+ _! di/9ctions 9 ! read]'s m9d4 ,! "o !n1 ! convex family1 is modell$ accord+ to ! commone/ %apes ( t great gr\p ( fl[]s :i* =m r\nd$ cups1 l t ( ! wat]-lily1 ! leaves spr++ horizontally f ! /alk1 & clos+ toge!r upw>ds4 ,! rose is ( ?is family1 b h] cup is fill$ ) ! luxuriance ( h] leaves2 ! crocus1 campanula1 ranunculus1 anemone1 & almo/ all ! lovelie/ *ildr5 ( ! field1 are =m$ ^u ! same type4 ,! o!r family resembles ! convolvulus1 trumpet-fl[]1 & su* o!rs1 9 :i* ! l[] "p ( ! bell is sl5d]1 & ! lip curves outw>ds at ! top4 ,!re are few] fl[]s con/ruct$ on ?is ?an on ! convex model2 b 9 ! organization ( trees & ( clu/]s ( h]bage x is se5 cont9ually4 ,( c\rse1 bo? ( ^! conditions are modifi$1 :5 appli$ to capitals1 by ! enorm\sly great] ?ickness ( ! /alk or %aft1 b 9 o!r respects ! p>allelism is close & accurate2 & ! read] _h bett] at once fix ! fl[] outl9es 9 8 m9d1#dg & rememb] !m z repres5t+ ! only two ord]s ( capitals t ! _w has ev] se51 or c see4 ,,xv4 ,! examples ( ! concave family 9 ! ,byzant9e times are f\nd pr9cipally ei!r 9 l>ge capitals f\nd$ on ! ,greek ,cor9?ian1 us$ *iefly = ! nave pill>s ( *ur*es1 or 9 ! small lat]al %afts ( ! palaces4 ,x appe>s some:at s+ul> t ! pure ,cor9?ian =m %\ld h be5 res]v$ almo/ exclusively = nave pill>s1 z at ,torcello1 ,murano1 & ,/4 ,m>k's2 x occurs1 inde$1 toge!r ) almo/ e o!r =m1 on ! ext]ior ( ,/4 ,m>k's also1 b nev] s def9itely z 9 ! nave & transept %afts4 ,( ! conditions assum$ by x at ,torcello en\gh has be5 said2 & "o ( ! mo/ delicate ( ! v>ieties occurr+ 9 ,/4 ,m>k's is giv5 9 ,plate ,,viii41 fig4 #ae1 rem>kable = ! cutt+ ( ! %>p ?i/le-l leaves into op5 relief1 s t ! light sometimes %9es ?r\gh !m f beh9d1 & = ! beautiful curl+ ( ! extremities ( ! leaves outw>ds1 jo9+ ea* o!r at ! top1 z 9 an undivid$ fl[]4 ,,xvi4 ,! o!r *>act]i/ic examples ( ! concave gr\ps 9 ! ,byzant9e times are z simple z ^? result+ f ! ,cor9?ian are ri*4 ,!y occur on ! small %afts at ! flanks ( ! ,fondaco de' ,tur*i1 ! ,casa ,f>setti1 ,casa ,lor$an1 ,t]rac$ ,h\se1 & upp] /ory ( ! ,madonnetta ,h\se1 9 =ms s exactly simil> t ! two figures #a & #b 9 ,plate ,,viii4 may suffici5tly repres5t !m all4 ,!y consi/ m]ely ( portions cut out ( ! pl9?s or /r+-c\rses :i* run along all ! faces ( ^! palaces1 by f\r truncations 9 ! =m ( arr[y leaves 7fig4 #a1 ,fondaco de' ,tur*i71 & ! :ole r\nd$ a little at ! bottom s z to fit ! %aft4 ,:5 !y occur betwe5 two ar*es !y assume ! =m ( ! gr\p fig4 #b 7,t]rac$ ,h\se74 ,fig4 #c is f ! c5tral ar*es ( ! ,casa ,f>setti1 & is only giv5 because ei!r x is a lat] re/oration or a =m absolutely unique 9 ! ,byzant9e p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vii4 ,,byzant9e ,,capitals4 ,,convex ,,gr\p4 ,,xvii4 ,! concave gr\p1 h[ev]1 0 n naturally pleas+ to ! ,byzant9e m9d4 ,its own favorite capital 0 ( ! bold convex or cu%ion %ape1 s conspicu\s 9 all ! build+s ( ! p]iod t ,i h devot$ ,plate ,,vii41 opposite1 entirely to its illu/ration4 ,! =m 9 :i* x is fir/ us$ is practically obta9$ f a squ>e block laid on ! head ( ! %aft 7fig4 #a1 ,plate ,,vii471 by fir/ cutt+ (f ! l[] corn]s1 z 9 fig4 #b1 & !n r\nd+ ! edges1 z 9 fig4 #c2 ?is gives u ! bell /one3 on ?is is laid a simple abacus1 z se5 9 fig4 #d1 :i* is ! actual =m us$ 9 ! upp] arcade ( ,murano1 & ! framework ( ! capital is complete4 ,fig4 #e %[s ! g5]al mann] & effect ( its decoration on ! same scale2 ! o!r figures1 #f & #g1 bo? f ! apse ( ,murano1 #h1 f ! ,t]rac$ ,h\se1 & #i1 f ! ,bapti/]y ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 %[ ! me?od ( *isell+ ! surfaces 9 capitals ( av]age ri*ness1 su* z occur ev]y:]e1 = !re is no limit to ! fantasy & beauty ( ! m elaborate examples4 ,,xviii4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! peculi> affection ent]ta9$ = ^! massy =ms by ! ,byzant9es1 !y 7 apt1 :5 !y us$ any condition ( capital f\nd$ on ! ,cor9?ian1 to modify ! concave pr(ile by mak+ x bulge out at ! bottom4 ,fig4 #a1 a1 ,plate ,x41 is ! pr(ile ( a capital ( ! pure concave family2 & obs]ve1 x ne$s a fillet or cord r\nd ! neck ( ! capital to %[ :]e x sep>ates f ! %aft4 ,fig4 #d1 a1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! pr(ile ( ! pure convex gr\p1 :i* n only ne$s no su* project+ fillet1 b w\ld be encumb]$ by x2 :ile fig4 #b1 a1 is ! pr(ile ( "o ( ! ,byzant9e capitals 7,fondaco de' ,tur*i1 l[] arcade7 f\nd$ on ,cor9?ian1 ( :i* ! ma9 sweep is concave1 b :i* b5ds bel[ into ! convex bell-%ape1 :]e x jo9s ! %aft4 ,&1 la/ly1 fig4 #c1 a1 is ! pr(ile ( ! nave %afts ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 :]e1 ?\gh v delicately grant$1 ! concession to ! ,byzant9e temp] is tw(old2 fir/ at ! spr+ ( ! curve f ! base1 & secondly ! top1 :]e x aga9 becomes convex1 ?\gh ! expression ( ! ,cor9?ian bell is /ill giv5 to x by ! bold concave leaves4 ,,xix4 ,^!1 !n1 be+ ! g5]al modifications ( ,byzant9e pr(iles1 ,i h ?r[n toge!r 9 ,plate ,,viii41 opposite1 "s ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic examples ( ! decoration ( ! concave & transitional types2 _! localities are giv5 9 ! note bel[1#dh & ! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal po9ts to be obs]v$ respect+ !m4 ,! pure/ concave =ms1 #a & #b1 7 nev] decorat$ 9 ! e>lie/ times1 except sometimes by an incision or rib d[n ! c5tre ( _! truncations on ! angles4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,viii4 ,,byzant9e ,,capitals4 ,,concave ,,gr\p4 ,figures #d1 #e1 #f1 & #g %[ "s ( ! modes ( application ( a peculi>ly broad-lob$ acan?us leaf1 v *>act]i/ic ( native ,v5etian "w2 #d & #e are f ! same build+1 two out ( a gr\p ( f\r1 & %[ ! boldness ( ! v>iety admitt$ 9 ! managem5t ev5 ( ! capitals mo/ closely d]iv$ f ! ,cor9?ian4 ,i nev] saw "o ( ^! ,v5etian capitals 9 all respects l ano!r4 ,! trefoils into :i* ! leaves fall at ! extremities are1 h[ev]1 = ! mo/ "p simil>1 ?\gh v>i\sly dispos$1 & g5]ally ni*e !mselves "o "u ! o!r1 z v *>act]i/ically 9 fig4 #g4 ,! =m #h occurs 9 ,/4 ,m>k's only1 & !re v frequ5tly3 #i at ,v5ice occurs1 ,i ?9k1 9 ,/4 ,m>k's only2 b x is a favorite e>ly ,lomb>dic =m4 #aj1 #aa1 & #ab are all highly *>act]i/ic4 #aj occurs ) m fanta/ic int]weav+ ^u its sides 9 ! upp] /ories ( ,/4 ,m>k's2 #aa is d]iv$1 9 ! ,casa ,lor$an1 f ! great lily capitals ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 ( :i* m pres5tly4 #ac & #ae are peculi> to ,/4 ,m>k's4 #ad is a lovely condition1 occurr+ bo? !re & 9 ! ,fondaco de' ,tur*i4 ,! modes 9 :i* ! sep>ate portions ( ! leaves are execut$ 9 ^! & o!r ,byzant9e capitals1 w be notic$ m at l5g? h]eaft]4 ,"h ,i only wi% ! read] to obs]ve two ?+s1 bo? ) respect to ^! & ! capitals ( ! convex family on ! =m] ,plate3 fir/ ! ,life1 secondly1 ! ,bread?1 ( ^! capitals1 z comp>$ ) ,greek =ms4 ,,xx4 ,i say1 fir/1 ! ,life4 ,n only is e "o ( ^! capitals diff]5tly fanci$1 b !re are _m ( !m :i* h no two sides alike4 ,fig4 #e1 = in/ance1 v>ies on e side 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! p5d5t leaf 9 its c5tre2 fig4 #f has a diff]5t plant on ea* ( its f\r upp] angles4 ,! birds are ea* cut ) a diff]5t play ( plumage 9 figs4 #i & #ab1 & ! v9e-leaves are e "o v>i$ 9 _! position 9 fig4 #ac4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,! diff]5ces 9 ! "* ( ornam5tation betwe5 !m & ! ,greek capitals1 all %[ a great] love ( nature2 ! leaves are1 e "o ( !m1 m f\nd$ on realities1 sket*$1 h[ev] rudely1 m directly f ! tru?2 & are cont9ually treat$ 9 a mann] :i* %[s ! m9d ( ! workman to h be5 among ! liv+ h]bage1 n among ,greek prec$5ts4 ,! h>d outl9es 9 :i*1 = ! sake ( p]fect intelligibility1 ,i h left ?is ,plate1 h depriv$ ! examples ( ! vitality ( _! light & %ade2 b ! read] c nev]!less obs]ve ! ideas ( life occurr+ p]petually3 at ! top ( fig4 #d1 = in/ance1 ! small leaves turn$ sideways2 9 fig4 #e1 ! =mal volutes ( ! old ,cor9?ian trans=m$ into a bran*+ t5dril2 9 fig4 #f1 ! bun* ( grapes ?r[n c>elessly 9 at ! "r-h& corn]1 9 defiance ( all symmetry2 9 fig4 #g1 ! volutes knitt$ into wrea?s ( ivy2 9 fig4 #ad1 ! leaves1 drift$1 z x 71 by a :irlw9d r\nd ! capital by :i* !y rise2 :ile figs4 #ac & #ae are z completely liv+ leaves z any ( ! ,go?ic "t4 ,^! designs may or may n be graceful2 :at grace or beauty !y h is n to be r5d]$ 9 m]e outl9e1--b !y are indisputably m natural ?an any ,greek ones1 & !re=e heal?i]1 & t5d+ to greatness4 ,,xxi4 ,9 ! second place1 note 9 all ^! examples1 ! excessive bread? ( ! masses1 h[ev] aft]w>ds !y may be fill$ ) detail4 ,:e!r we exam9e ! cont\r ( ! simpl] convex bells1 or ^? ( ! leaves :i* b5d outw>ds f ! ri*] & m ,cor9?ian types1 we f9d !y are all outl9$ by gr& & simple curves1 & t ! :ole ( _! m9ute fretwork & ?i/le-"w is ca/ into a gigantic m\ld :i* subdues all _! multitud9\s po9ts & fold+s to its own inevitable dom9ion4 ,& ! fact is1 t 9 ! sweep+ l9es & broad surfaces ( ^! ,byzant9e sculptures we obta91 s f> z ,i "k1 = ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 ! g]m ( t unity ( p]fect ease 9 e sep>ate "p1 ) p]fect subjection to an enclos+ =m or direct+ impulse1 :i* 0 br\ght to its mo/ int5se expression 9 ! compositions ( ! two m5 9 :om ! art ( ,italy consummat$ itself & expir$--,t9toret & ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,i w\ld n atta* too mu* importance to ! m]e habit ( work+ on ! r\nd$ surface ( ! /one1 :i* is (t5 z mu* ! result ( ha/e or rud5ess z ( ! desire = bread?1 ?\gh ! result obta9$ is n ! less beautiful4 ,b 9 ! capital f ! ,fondaco de' ,tur*i1 fig4 #f1 x w be se5 t :ile ! sculptor _h tak5 ! utmo/ c>e to make 8 leaves free1 graceful1 & %>p 9 effect1 he 0 dissatisfi$ ) _! sep>ation1 & c\ld n re/ until he _h enclos$ !m ) an unbrok5 l9e1 l t ( a po9t$ ar*2 & ! same ?+ is done 9 _m diff]5t ways 9 o!r capitals ( ! same build+1 & 9 _m ( ,/4 ,m>k's3 b "o su* in/ance w\ld h be5 en\gh to prove1 if ! lovel9ess ( ! pr(iles !mselves did n d s1 t ! sculptor und]/ood & lov$ ! laws ( g5]alization2 & t ! feel+ :i* b\nd 8 prickly leaves1 z !y wav$ or drift$ r\nd ! ridges ( 8 capital1 into ^? broad masses ( unbrok5 fl[1 0 inde$ "o ) t :i* made ,mi*ael ,angelo encompass ! pr9cipal figure 9 8 ,creation ( ,adam ) ! broad curve ( its cl\dy drap]y4 ,x may seem /range to ass]t any connexion betwe5 s great a conception & ^! rudely hewn fragm5ts ( ru9$ m>ble2 b all ! highe/ pr9ciples ( art are z univ]sal z !y are maje/ic1 & !re is no?+ too small to receive _! influ5ce4 ,!y rule at once ! waves ( ! m\nta9 outl9e1 & ! s9uosities ( ! m9ute/ li*5 t /a9s its %att]$ /ones4 ,,xxii4 ,we h n yet spok5 ( ! ?ree braid$ & *equ]$ capitals1 numb]$ #aj1 #aa1 & #ab4 ,!y are repres5tations ( a gr\p1 ) :i* _m mo/ int]e/+ associations are connect$4 ,x 0 notic$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 t ! me?od ( cov]+ ! ext]ior ( build+s ) ?9 pieces ( m>ble 0 likely to lead to a sy/em ( light+ ! int]ior by m9ute p]=ation4 ,9 ord] to obta9 bo? light & air1 )\t admitt+ any unbrok5 body ( sun%9e1 9 w>m c\ntries1 x became a con/ant habit ( ! ,arabian ar*itects to pi]ce m9ute & />like op5+s 9 slabs ( /one2 & to employ ! /ones s pi]c$ :]e ! ,go?ic ar*itects employ trac]ies4 ,int]nally1 ! =m ( />s assum$ by ! light z x ent]$#di 01 9 itself1 an exquisite decoration2 b1 ext]nally1 x 0 felt necess>y to add "s slight ornam5t ^u ! surface ( ! p]=at$ /one2 & x 0 soon f\nd t1 z ! small p]=ations _h a t5d5cy to look scatt]$ & spotty1 ! mo/ effective treatm5t ( ! int]m$iate surfaces w\ld be "o :i* b\nd !m toge!r1 & gave unity & repose to ! pi]c$ & di/urb$ /one3 univ]sally1 !re=e1 ^? int]m$iate spaces 7 c>v$ into ! semblance ( int]wov5 fillets1 :i* alt]nately sank b5ea? & rose above ea* o!r z !y met4 ,?is sy/em ( braid$ or wov5 ornam5t 0 n conf9$ to ! ,arabs2 x is univ]sally pleas+ to ! in/9ct ( mank9d4 ,i believe t ne>ly all e>ly ornam5tation is full ( x1--m especially1 p]haps1 ,sc&9avian & ,anglo-,saxon2 & illum9at$ manuscripts dep5d ^u x = _! lovelie/ effects ( intricate color1 up to ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,!re are sev]al v int]e/+ metaphysical reasons = ?is /range & unfail+ delight1 felt 9 a ?+ s simple4 ,x is n (t5 t any idea ( utility has p[] to enhance ! true impressions ( beauty2 b x is possible t ! enorm\s importance ( ! art ( weav+ to mank9d may give "s int]e/1 if n actual attractiv5ess1 to any type or image ( ! inv5tion to :i* we owe1 at once1 our com=t & our pride4 ,b ! m pr(\nd reason lies 9 ! innate love ( my/]y & unity2 9 ! joy t ! human m9d has 9 contemplat+ any k9d ( maze or entanglem5t1 s long z x c disc]n1 ?r\gh its confusion1 any guid+ clue or connect+ plan3 a pleasure increas$ & solemniz$ by "s dim feel+ ( ! sett+ =?1 by su* symbols1 ( ! intricacy1 & alt]nate rise & fall1 subjection & supremacy1 ( human =tune2 ! ,weave ! w>p1 & weave ! wo(1 ( ,fate & ,"t4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,ix4 ,,lily ,,capital ,,( ,,/4 ,,m>ks4 ,,xxiii4 ,b be ?is z x may1 ! fact is t we are nev] tir$ ( contemplat+ ?is wov5 involution2 & t1 9 "s degree1 ! sublime pleasure :i* we h 9 wat*+ ! bran*es ( trees1 ! int]tw9+ ( ! grass1 & ! trac]y ( ! high] cl\ds1 is ow+ to x1 n less ?an t :i* we receive f ! f9e me%es ( ! robe1 ! braid+ ( ! hair1 & ! v>i\s glitt]+ ( ! l9k$ net or wrea!d *a94 ,byzant9e ornam5tation1 l t ( almo/ all nations 9 a /ate ( progress1 is full ( ?is k9d ( "w3 b x occurs mo/ conspicu\sly1 ?\gh mo/ simply1 9 ! m9ute trac]ies :i* surr\nd _! mo/ solid capitals2 sometimes m]ely 9 a reticulat$ veil1 z 9 ! t5? figure 9 ! ,plate1 sometimes resembl+ a basket1 on ! edges ( :i* are p]*$ birds & o!r animals4 ,! diamond$ ornam5t 9 ! elev5? figure is sub/itut$ = x 9 ! ,casa ,lor$an1 & m>ks a some:at lat] "t & a t5d5cy to ! ord9>y ,go?ic *equ]2 b ! capitals :i* %[ x mo/ def9itely are ^? already s (t5 spok5 ( z ! lily capitals ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 ( :i* ! nor!rn "o is c>efully drawn 9 ,plate ,,ix4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,x4 ,,! ,,f\r ,,v5etian ,,fl[] ,,ord]s4 ,,xxiv4 ,^! capitals1 call$ b>b>\s by our ar*itects1 are )\t exception ! mo/ subtle pieces ( composition 9 broad cont\r :i* ,i h ev] met ) 9 ar*itecture4 ,_! pr(ile is giv5 9 ! opposite ,plate ,x4 fig4 #c1 b2 ! inn] l9e 9 ! figure be+ t ( ! /one beh9d ! lily1 ! out] t ( ! ext]nal network1 tak5 ?r\gh ! side ( ! capital2 :ile fig4 #c1 c is ! out] pr(ile at its angle2 & ! read] w easily und]/& t ! pass+ ( ! "o ( ^! l9es into ! o!r is productive ( ! mo/ exquisite & wond]ful s]ies ( curvatures possible )9 su* compass1 no two views ( ! capital giv+ ! same cont\r4 ,^u ^! pr(\ndly /udi$ outl9es1 z rem>kable = _! grace & complexity z ! g5]al mass ( ! capital is = solid /r5g? & proportion to its necess>y s]vice1 ! braid$ "w is wr\ght ) m ?an usual c>e2 p]haps1 z sugge/$ by ! ,m>*ese ,selvatico1 ) "s idea ( imitat+ ^? nets ( *equ]work & wrea?s ( *a9work on ! *apit]s ( ,solomon's temple1 :i* are1 ,i suppose1 ! fir/ in/ances on record ( an ornam5tation ( ?is k9d ?us appli$4 ,! braid$ "w encloses on ea* ( ! f\r sides ( ! capital a fl[] ^: =m1 d]iv$ f t ( ! lily1 ?\gh z usual modifi$1 9 e in/ance ( its occurr5ce1 9 "s m9or p>ticul>s1 is g5]ally se5 z repres5t$ 9 fig4 #aa ( ,plate ,,viii4 ,x is nev] )\t ! two squ>e or oblong objects at ! extremity ( ! t5drils issu+ f its root1 set l vessels to cat* ! dew f ! po9ts ( its leaves2 b ,i d n und]/& _! mean+4 ,! abacus ( ! capital has already be5 giv5 at a1 ,plate ,,xvi41 ,vol4 ,i42 b no am\nt ( illu/rations or eulogium w\ld be en\gh to make ! read] und]/& ! p]fect beauty ( ! ?+ itself1 z ! sun /eals f int]/ice to int]/ice ( its m>ble veil1 & t\*es ) ! :ite lu/re ( its rays at mid-day ! po9t$ leaves ( its ?ir/y lilies4 ,9 all ! capitals hi!rto spok5 (1 ! =m ( ! head ( ! bell has be5 squ>e1 & its v>ieties ( outl9e h be5 obta9$ 9 ! transition f ! squ>e ( ! abacus to ! circul> outl9e ( ! %afts4 ,a f> m complex s]ies ( =ms results f ! division ( ! bell by recesses into sep>ate lobes or leaves1 l ^? ( a rose or tulip1 :i* are ea* 9 _! turn cov]$ ) fl[]-"w or holl[$ into reticulation4 ,! example 7fig4 #aj1 ,plate ,,vii47 f ,/4 ,m>k's w give "s idea ( ! simple/ ( ^! conditions3 p]haps ! mo/ exquisite 9 ,v5ice1 on ! :ole1 is ! c5tral capital ( ! upp] arcade ( ! ,fondaco de' ,tur*i4 ,su* are ! pr9cipal g5]ic conditions ( ! ,byzant9e capital2 b ! read] mu/ always rememb] t ! examples giv5 are s+le in/ances1 & ^? n ! mo/ beautiful b ! mo/ intelligible1 *os5 out ( ?\s&s3 ! designs ( ! capitals ( ,/4 ,m>k's alone w\ld =m a volume4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xi4 ,,byzant9e ,,sculpture4 ,,xxv4 ,( ! ar*ivolts :i* ^! capitals g5]ally su/a91 details are giv5 9 ! ,app5dix & 9 ! notice ( ,v5etian doors 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,9 ! private palaces1 ! ranges ( ar*ivolt are = ! mo/ "p v simple1 ) d5till$ m\ld+s2 & all ! ornam5tal effect is entru/$ to pieces ( sculpture set 9 ! wall above or betwe5 ! ar*es1 9 ! mann] %[n 9 ,plate ,,xv41 bel[1 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,^! pieces ( sculpture are ei!r crosses1 upright oblongs1 or circles3 ( all ! ?ree =ms an example is giv5 9 ,plate ,,xi4 opposite4 ,! cross 0 app>5tly an inv>iable ornam5t1 plac$ ei!r 9 ! c5tre ( ! ar*ivolt ( ! doorway1 or 9 ! c5tre ( ! fir/ /ory above ! w9d[s2 on ea* side ( x ! circul> & oblong ornam5ts 7 us$ 9 v>i\s alt]nation4 ,9 too _m in/ances ! wall m>bles h be5 torn away f ! e>lie/ ,byzant9e palaces1 s t ! crosses are left on _! ar*ivolts only4 ,! be/ examples ( ! cross set above ! w9d[s are f\nd 9 h\ses ( ! transitional p]iod3 "o 9 ! ,campo ,/a ,m4 ,=mosa2 ano!r1 9 :i* a cross is plac$ betwe5 e w9d[1 is /ill well pres]v$ 9 ! ,campo ,/a ,m>ia ,mat] ,dom9i2 ano!r1 on ! ,gr& ,canal1 9 ! p>i% ( ! ,apo/oli1 has two crosses1 "o on ea* side ( ! fir/ /ory1 & a bas-relief ( ,*ri/ en?ron$ 9 ! c5tre2 & f9ally1 t f :i* ! l>g] cross 9 ! ,plate 0 tak5 9 ! h\se once belong+ to ,m>co ,polo1 at ,san ,giovanni ,griso/omo4 ,,xxvi4 ,?is cross1 ?\gh graceful & ri*1 & giv5 because x happ5s to be "o ( ! be/ pres]v$1 is un*>act]i/ic 9 "o respect2 =1 in/ead ( ! c5tral rose at ! meet+ ( ! arms1 we usually f9d a h& rais$ 9 ! attitude ( bless+1 betwe5 ! sun & moon1 z 9 ! two small] crosses se5 9 ! ,plate4 ,9 ne>ly all repres5tations ( ! ,crucifixion1 ov] ! :ole ( ,europe1 at ! p]iod 9 "q1 ! sun & ! moon are introduc$1 "o on ea* side ( ! cross1--! sun g5]ally1 9 pa9t+s1 z a r$ />2 b ,i d n ?9k ) any purpose ( indicat+ ! d>kness at ! "t ( ! agony2 especially because1 _h ?is be5 ! int5tion1 ! moon ought n to h be5 visible1 s9ce x c\ld n h be5 9 ! heav5s dur+ ! day at ! "t ( passov]4 ,i believe r t ! two lum9>ies are set !re 9 ord] to express ! entire dep5d5ce ( ! heav5s & ! e>? ^u ! "w ( ! ,r$emption3 & ?is view is confirm$ by our frequ5tly f9d+ ! sun & moon set 9 ! same mann] beside ! figure ( ,*ri/1 z 9 ! c5tre ( ! great ar*ivolt ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 or beside ! h& signify+ b5$iction1 )\t any cross1 9 "s o!r e>ly ar*ivolts2#ej :ile1 aga91 n unfrequ5tly !y are abs5t f ! symbol ( ! cross itself1 & its sav+ p[] ov] ! :ole ( creation is indicat$ only by fre% leaves spr++ f its foot1 or doves fe$+ beside x2 & s also1 9 illum9at$ ,bibles1 we f9d ! s]ies ( pictures repres5t+ ! ,creation t]m9ate 9 ! ,crucifixion1 z ! "w by :i* all ! families ( creat$ be+s subsi/1 no less ?an t 9 sympa?y ) :i* ! :ole creation groane? & travaile? 9 pa9 toge!r until n[4 ,,xxvii4 ,?is habit ( plac+ ! symbol ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? 9 ! c5tres ( _! palaces 01 z ,i above said1 univ]sal 9 e>ly ,v5ice2 x does n cease till ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! o!r sculptures1 :i* 7 set above or betwe5 ! ar*es1 consi/ almo/ inv>iably ( gr\ps ( birds or bea/s2 ei!r /&+ opposite to ea* o!r ) a small pill> or spray ( leafage betwe5 !m1 or else te>+ & dev\r+ ea* o!r4 ,! multitude ( ^! sculptures1 especially ( ! small ones enclos$ 9 circles1 z figs #e & #f1 ,plate ,,xi41 :i* are n[ scatt]$ ?r\gh ! city ( ,v5ice1 is enorm\s1 b !y are seldom to be se5 9 _! orig9al positions4 ,:5 ! ,byzant9e palaces 7 de/roy$1 ^! fragm5ts 7 g5]ally pres]v$1 & ins]t$ aga9 9 ! walls ( ! new build+s1 ) m or less attempt at symmetry2 fragm5ts ( friezes & m\ld+s be+ (t5 us$ 9 ! same mann]2 s t ! mode ( _! orig9al employm5t c only be se5 9 ,/4 ,m>k's1 ! ,fondaco de' ,tur*i1 ,braid$ ,h\se1 & "o or two o!rs4 ,! mo/ rem>kable po9t ab\t !m is1 t ! gr\ps ( bea/s or birds on ea* side ( ! small pill>s be> ! close/ possible resemblance to ! gr\p ( ,lions ov] ! gate ( ,myc52 & ! :ole ( ! ornam5tation ( t gate1 z f> z ,i c judge ( x f draw+s1 is s l ,byzant9e sculpture1 t ,i _c help sometimes suspect+ ! orig9al conjecture ( ! ,fr5* antiqu>ians1 t x 0 a "w ( ! middle ages1 to be n altoge!r indef5sible4 ,by f> ! be/ among ! sculptures at ,v5ice are ^? consi/+ ( gr\ps ?us arrang$2 ! fir/ figure 9 ,plate ,,xi4 is "o ( ^? us$ on ,/4 ,m>k's1 &1 ) its *a9 ( wrea!n "w r\nd x1 is v *>act]i/ic ( ! f9e/ k9d1 except t ! imm$iate trunk or pill> (t5 bran*es into luxuriant leafage1 usually ( ! v9e1 s t ! :ole ornam5t seems almo/ compos$ f ! words ( ,ezekiel4 ,a great eagle ) great w+s1 long-w+$1 full ( fea!rs1 :i* _h div]s colors1 came into ,lebanon1 & took ! highe/ bran* ( ! c$>3 ,he cropp$ (f ! top ( 8 "y twigs2 & c>ri$ x into a city ( traffic2 he set x 9 a city ( m]*ants4 ,he took also ( ! se$ ( ! l&1 444 & x grew1 & became a spread+ v9e ( l[ /ature1 ^: bran*es turn$ t[>ds him1 & ! roots !re( 7 "u him4 ,,xxviii4 ,! gr\ps ( cont5d+ & dev\r+ animals are always mu* rud] 9 cutt+1 & take some:at ! place 9 ,byzant9e sculpture :i* ! l[] grotesques d 9 ! ,go?ic2 true1 ?\gh clumsy1 grotesques be+ sometimes m+l$ among !m1 z f\r bodies jo9$ to "o head 9 ! c5tre2#ea b nev] %[+ any attempt at v>iety ( inv5tion1 except only 9 ! effective disposition ( ! light & %ade1 & 9 ! vigor & ?\ghtfulness ( ! t\*es :i* indicate ! plumes ( ! birds or fold+s ( ! leaves4 ,c>e1 h[ev]1 is always tak5 to secure v>iety en\gh to keep ! eye ent]ta9$1 no two sides ( ^! ,byzant9e ornam5ts be+ 9 all respects ! same3 = in/ance1 9 ! *a9work r\nd ! fir/ figure 9 ,plate ,,xi4 !re are two circles enclos+ squ>es on ! left-h& side ( ! ar* at ! top1 b two small] circles & a diamond on ! o!r1 enclos+ "o squ>e1 & two small circul> spots or bosses2 & 9 ! l9e ( *a9 at ! bottom !re is a circle on ! "r1 & a diamond on ! left1 & s d[n to ! work+ ( ! smalle/ details4 ,i h repres5t$ ?is upp] sculpture z d>k1 9 ord] to give "s idea ( ! g5]al effect ( ^! ornam5ts :5 se5 9 %ad[ aga9/ light2 an effect mu* calculat$ ^u by ! design]1 & obta9$ by ! use ( a gold5 gr\nd =m$ ( glass mosaic ins]t$ 9 ! holl[s ( ! m>ble4 ,ea* squ>e ( glass has ! leaf gold ^u its surface protect$ by ano!r ?9 film ( glass above x1 s t no "t or wea!r c affect its lu/re1 until ! pieces ( glass are bodily torn f _! sett+4 ,! smoo? glaz$ surface ( ! gold5 gr\nd is wa%$ by e %[] ( ra91 b ! m>ble usually d>k5s into an amb] color 9 process ( "t2 & :5 ! :ole ornam5t is ca/ into %ad[1 ! gold5 surface1 be+ p]fectly reflective1 refuses ! d>kness1 & %[s itself 9 bright & burni%$ light beh9d ! d>k trac]ies ( ! ornam5t4 ,:]e ! m>ble has reta9$ its p]fect :it5ess1 on ! o!r h&1 & is se5 9 sun%9e1 x is %[n z a sn[y trac]y on a gold5 gr\nd2 & ! alt]nations & int]m+l+ ( ^! two effects =m "o ( ! *ief en*antm5ts ( ,byzant9e ornam5tation4 ,,xxix4 ,h[ f> ! sy/em ( gr\nd+ ) gold & color1 univ]sal 9 ,/4 ,m>k's1 0 c>ri$ out 9 ! sculptures ( ! private palaces1 x is n[ impossible to say4 ,! wrecks ( !m :i* rema91 z above notic$1 %[ few ( _! ornam5tal sculptures 9 _! orig9al position2 & f ^? m>bles :i* 7 employ$ 9 succe$+ build+s1 dur+ ! ,go?ic p]iod1 ! fragm5ts ( _! mosaic gr\nds w\ld naturally r h be5 remov$ ?an re/or$4 ,mosaic1 :ile ! mo/ secure ( all decorations if c>efully wat*$ & refa/5$ :5 x loos5s1 may1 if neglect$ & expos$ to wea!r1 9 process ( "t disappe> s z to leave no ve/ige ( its exi/5ce4 ,h[ev] ?is may h be51 ! assur$ facts are1 t bo? ! %afts ( ! pill>s & ! fac+ ( ! old build+ 7 ( ve9$ or v>i\sly color$ m>ble3 ! capitals & sculptures 7 ei!r1 z !y n[ appe>1 ( pure :ite m>ble1 reliev$ ^u ! ve9$ gr\nd2 or1 :i* is inf9itely ! m probable1 gr\nd$ 9 ! ri*] palaces ) mosaic ( gold1 9 ! inf]ior ones ) blue color2 & only ! leaves & edges ( ! sculpture gild$4 ,^! bright] hues 7 oppos$ by b&s ( deep] color1 g5]ally alt]nate russet & gre51 9 ! ar*ivolts1--b&s :i* /ill rema9 9 ! ,casa ,lor$an & ,fondaco de' ,tur*i1 & 9 a h\se 9 ! ,corte del ,rem]1 ne> ! ,rialto1 z well z 9 ,/4 ,m>k's2 & by circul> disks ( gre5 s]p5t9e & porphyry1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! circul> sculptures1 appe> to h be5 an ornam5t peculi>ly grateful to ! ,ea/]n m9d1 d]iv$ probably 9 ! fir/ in/ance f ! susp5sion ( %ields ^u ! wall1 z 9 ! maje/y ( anci5t ,tyre4 ,! m5 ( ,arvad ) ?9e army 7 ^u ?y walls r\nd ab\t1 & ! ,gammad9s 7 9 ?y t[]s3 !y hang$ _! %ields ^u ?y walls r\nd ab\t2 !y h made ?y beauty p]fect4#eb ,! sweet & solemn h>mony ( purple ) v>i\s gre5 7! same1 by ! by1 to :i* ! hills ( ,scotl& owe _! be/ lovel9ess7 rema9$ a favorite *ord ( color ) ! ,v5etians1 & 0 con/antly us$ ev5 9 ! lat] palaces2 b nev] c\ld h be5 se5 9 s great p]fection z :5 oppos$ to ! pale & delicate sculpture ( ! ,byzant9e "t4 ,,xxx4 ,su*1 !n1 0 t fir/ & faire/ ,v5ice :i* rose out ( ! b>r5ness ( ! lagoon1 & ! sorr[ ( h] p2 a city ( graceful arcades & gleam+ walls1 ve9$ ) azure & w>m ) gold1 & frett$ ) :ite sculpture l fro/ ^u =e/ bran*es turn$ to m>ble4 ,& yet1 9 ?is beauty ( h] y\?1 %e 0 no city ( ?\ghtless pleasure4 ,!re 0 /ill a sadness ( he>t ^u h]1 & a dep? ( devotion1 9 :i* lay all h] /r5g?4 ,i d n insi/ ^u ! probable religi\s signification ( _m ( ! sculptures :i* are n[ difficult ( int]pretation2 b ! temp] :i* made ! cross ! pr9cipal ornam5t ( e build+ is n to be misund]/ood1 nor c we fail to p]ceive1 9 _m ( ! m9or sculptural subjects1 mean+s p]fectly famili> to ! m9d ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity4 ,! peacock1 us$ 9 pref]5ce to e o!r bird1 is ! well-kn[n symbol ( ! resurrection2 & :5 dr9k+ f a f\nta9 7,plate ,,xi4 fig4 #a7 or f a font 7,plate ,,xi4 fig4 #e71 is1 ,i d\bt n1 also a type ( ! new life receiv$ 9 fai?ful baptism4 ,! v9e1 us$ 9 pref]5ce to all o!r trees1 0 equally recogniz$ z1 9 all cases1 a type ei!r ( ,*ri/ himself#ec or ( ^? :o 7 9 a /ate ( visible or pr(ess$ union ) him4 ,! dove1 at its foot1 repres5ts ! com+ ( ! ,com=t]2 & ev5 ! gr\ps ( cont5d+ animals _h1 probably1 a di/9ct & univ]sally appreh5d$ ref]5ce to ! p[]s ( evil4 ,b ,i lay no /ress on ^! m occult mean+s4 ,! pr9cipal circum/ance :i* m>ks ! s]i\sness ( ! e>ly ,v5etian m9d is p]haps ! la/ 9 :i* ! read] w\ld suppose x 0 traceable2--t love ( bright & pure color :i*1 9 a modifi$ =m1 0 aft]w>ds ! root ( all ! triumph ( ! ,v5etian s*ools ( pa9t+1 b :i*1 9 its utmo/ simplicity1 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,byzant9e p]iod only2 & ( :i*1 !re=e1 9 ! close ( our review ( t p]iod1 x w be well t we %\ld truly e/imate ! significance4 ,! fact is1 we none ( u en\gh appreciate ! nobl5ess & sacr$ness ( color4 ,no?+ is m common ?an to he> x spok5 ( z a subord9ate beauty1--nay1 ev5 z ! m]e s\rce ( a s5sual pleasure2 & we might almo/ believe t we 7 daily among m5 :o ,c\ld /rip1 = aught ! prospect yields ,to !m1 _! v]dure f ! fields2 ,& take ! radiance f ! cl\ds ,) :i* ! sun 8 sett+ %r\ds4 ,b x is n s4 ,su* expressions are us$ = ! mo/ "p 9 ?\ghtlessness2 & if ! speak]s w\ld only take ! pa9s to imag9e :at ! _w & _! own exi/5ce w\ld become1 if ! blue 7 tak5 f ! sky1 & ! gold f ! sun%9e1 & ! v]dure f ! leaves1 & ! crimson f ! blood :i* is ! life ( man1 ! flu% f ! *eek1 ! d>kness f ! eye1 ! radiance f ! hair1--if !y c\ld b see = an in/ant1 :ite human creatures liv+ 9 a :ite _w1--!y w\ld soon feel :at !y owe to color4 ,! fact is1 t1 ( all ,god's gifts to ! sight ( man1 color is ! holie/1 ! mo/ div9e1 ! mo/ solemn4 ,we speak ra%ly ( gay color1 & sad color1 = color _c at once be good & gay4 ,all good color is 9 "s degree p5sive1 ! lovelie/ is melan*oly1 & ! pure/ & mo/ ?\ghtful m9ds are ^? :i* love color ! mo/4 ,,xxxi4 ,i "k t ?is w s\nd /range 9 _m e>s1 & w be especially />tl+ to ^? :o h consid]$ ! subject *iefly ) ref]5ce to pa9t+2 = ! great ,v5etian s*ools ( color are n usually und]/ood to be ei!r pure or p5sive1 & ! idea ( its pre-em95ce is associat$ 9 ne>ly e m9d ) ! co>s5ess ( ,rub5s1 & ! s5sualities ( ,correggio & ,titian4 ,b a m compreh5sive view ( art w soon correct ?is impression4 ,x w be discov]$1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! m fai?ful & e>ne/ ! religion ( ! pa9t]1 ! m pure & preval5t is ! sy/em ( 8 color4 ,x w be f\nd1 9 ! second place1 t :]e color becomes a primal int5tion ) a pa9t] o!rwise mean or s5sual1 x in/antly elevates him1 & becomes ! "o sacr$ & sav+ elem5t 9 8 "w4 ,! v dep? ( ! /oop to :i* ! ,v5etian pa9t]s & ,rub5s sometimes condesc5d1 is a consequ5ce ( _! feel+ confid5ce 9 ! p[] ( _! color to keep !m f fall+4 ,!y hold on by x1 z by a *a9 let d[n f heav51 ) "o h&1 ?\gh !y may sometimes seem to ga!r du/ & a%es ) ! o!r4 ,&1 9 ! la/ place1 x w be f\nd t s surely z a pa9t] is irreligi\s1 ?\ghtless1 or obsc5e 9 disposition1 s surely is 8 color+ cold1 gloomy1 & valueless4 ,! opposite poles ( art 9 ?is respect are ,fr ,angelico & ,salvator ,rosa2 ( :om ! "o 0 a man :o smil$ seldom1 wept (t51 pray$ con/antly1 & nev] h>bor$ an impure ?\ght4 ,8 pictures are simply s _m pieces ( jewell]y1 ! colors ( ! drap]ies be+ p]fectly pure1 z v>i\s z ^? ( a pa9t$ w9d[1 *a/5$ only by pal5ess1 & reliev$ ^u a gold gr\nd4 ,salvator 0 a dissipat$ je/] & satiri/1 a man :o sp5t 8 life 9 masqu+ & revelry4 ,b 8 pictures are full ( horror1 & _! color is = ! mo/ "p gloomy grey4 ,truly x w\ld seem z if art _h s mu* ( et]nity 9 x1 t x mu/ take its dye f ! close r ?an ! c\rse ( life3--,9 su* laught] ! he>t ( man is sorr[ful1 & ! end ( t mir? is heav9ess4 ,,xxxii4 ,^! are no s+ul> in/ances4 ,i "k no law m sev]ely )\t exception ?an ?is ( ! connexion ( pure color ) pr(\nd & noble ?\ght4 ,! late ,flemi% pictures1 %all[ 9 conception & obsc5e 9 subject1 are always sob] 9 color4 ,b ! e>ly religi\s pa9t+ ( ! ,flem+s is z brilliant 9 hue z x is holy 9 ?\ght4 ,! ,bell9is1 ,francias1 ,p]ug9os pa9t$ 9 crimson1 & blue1 & gold4 ,! ,c>accis1 ,guidos1 & ,rembr&ts 9 br[n & grey4 ,! build]s ( our great ca!drals veil$ _! casem5ts & wrapp$ _! pill>s ) "o robe ( purple spl5dor4 ,! build]s ( ! luxuri\s ,r5aissance left _! palaces fill$ only ) cold :ite light1 & 9 ! pal5ess ( _! native /one4#ed ,,xxxiii4 ,nor does x seem difficult to disc]n a noble reason = ?is univ]sal law4 ,9 t heav5ly circle :i* b9ds ! /atutes ( color ^u ! front ( ! sky1 :5 x became ! sign ( ! cov5ant ( peace1 ! pure hues ( divid$ light 7 sanctifi$ to ! human he>t = ev]2 nor ?is1 x w\ld seem1 by m]e arbitr>y appo9tm5t1 b 9 consequ5ce ( ! =e-orda9$ & m>vell\s con/itution ( ^? hues into a sev5fold1 or1 m /rictly /ill1 a ?reefold ord]1 typical ( ! ,div9e nature itself4 ,obs]ve also1 ! "n ,%em1 or ,spl5dor1 giv5 to t son ( ,noah 9 :om ?is cov5ant ) mank9d 0 to be fulfill$1 & see h[ t "n 0 ju/ifi$ by e "o ( ! ,asiatic races :i* desc5d$ f him4 ,n )\t mean+ 0 ! love ( ,israel to 8 *os5 son express$ by ! coat ( _m colors2 n )\t deep s5se ( ! sacr$ness ( t symbol ( purity1 did ! lo/ daught] ( ,david te> x f h] brea/3--,) su* robes 7 ! k+'s daught]s t 7 virg9s app>ell$4#ee ,we "k x to h be5 by ,div9e comm& t ! ,israelite1 rescu$ f s]vitude1 veil$ ! tab]nacle ) its ra9 ( purple & sc>let1 :ile ! "u sun%9e fla%$ ?r\gh ! fall ( ! color f its t5ons ( gold3 b 0 x less by ,div9e guidance t ! ,m$e1 z he /ruggl$ out ( an>*y1 encompass$ 8 k+ ) ! sev5fold burn+ ( ! battlem5ts ( ,ecbatana8--( :i* "o circle 0 gold5 l ! sun1 & ano!r silv] l ! moon2 & !n came ! great sacr$ *ord ( color1 blue1 purple1 & sc>let2 & !n a circle :ite l ! day1 & ano!r d>k1 l night2 s t ! city rose l a great mural ra9b[1 a sign ( peace amid/ ! cont5d+ ( lawless races1 & gu>d$1 ) color & %ad[1 t seem$ to symbolize ! great ord] :i* rules ov] ,day1 & ,night1 & ,"t1 ! fir/ organization ( ! mighty /atutes1--! law ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 t alt]e? n4 ,,xxxiv4 ,let u n dream t x is ow+ to ! accid5ts ( tradition or education t ^? races possess ! supremacy ov] color :i* has always be5 felt1 ?\gh b lately ackn[l$g$ among m54 ,h[ev] _! dom9ion might be brok51 _! virtue ext+ui%$1 or _! religion defil$1 !y reta9$ alike ! in/9ct & ! p[]3 ! in/9ct :i* made ev5 _! idolatry m glori\s ?an t ( o!rs1 bur/+ =? 9 fire-wor%ip f pyramid1 cave1 & m\nta91 tak+ ! />s = ! rul]s ( its =tune1 & ! sun = ! ,god ( its life2 ! p[] :i* s dazzl$ & subdu$ ! r\gh crusad] into =getfulness ( sorr[ & ( %ame1 t ,europe put on ! spl5dor :i* %e _h le>nt ( ! ,s>ac51 z h] sackclo? ( m\rn+ = :at %e suff]$ f 8 sword2--! p[] :i* %e confesses to ?is day1 9 ! utmo/ ?\ghtlessness ( h] pride1 or h] beauty1 z x treads ! co/ly c>pet1 or veils itself ) ! v>iegat$ ,ca*emire2 & 9 ! emulation ( ! conc\rse ( h] workm51 :o1 b a few mon?s back1 p]ceiv$1 or at lea/ admitt$1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! pre-em95ce :i* has be5 det]m9$ f ! bir? ( mank9d1 & on ^: *>t] ,nature h]self has set a my/]i\s seal1 grant+ to ! ,we/]n races1 desc5d$ f t son ( ,noah ^: "n 0 ,ext5sion1 ! treasures ( ! sull5 rock1 & /ubborn ore1 & gn>l$ =e/1 :i* 7 to accompli% _! de/9y across all di/ance ( e>? & dep? ( sea1 :ile %e matur$ ! jewel 9 ! s&1 & r\nd$ ! pe>l 9 ! %ell1 to adorn ! diadem ( him ^: "n 0 ,spl5dor4 ,,xxxv4 ,& obs]ve1 f>!r1 h[ 9 ! ,ori5tal m9d a peculi> s]i\sness is associat$ ) ?is attribute ( ! love ( color2 a s]i\sness ris+ out ( repose1 & out ( ! dep? & bread? ( ! imag9ation1 z contra/$ ) ! activity1 & consequ5t capability ( surprise1 & ( laught]1 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,we/]n m9d3 z a man on a j\rney mu/ look to 8 /eps always1 & view ?+s n>r[ly & quickly2 :ile "o at re/ may comm& a wid] view1 ?\gh an un*ang+ "o1 f :i* ! pleasure he receives mu/ be "o ( contemplation1 r ?an ( amusem5t or surprise4 ,:]ev] ! pure ,ori5tal _s manife/s itself def9itely1 ,i believe its "w is s]i\s2 & ! meet+ ( ! influ5ces ( ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n races is p]haps m>k$ 9 ,europe m by ! dy+ away ( ! grotesque laught] ( ! ,go? ?an by any o!r sign4 ,i %all h m to say on ?is head 9 o!r places ( ?is volume2 b ! po9t ,i wi% at pres5t to impress ^u ! read] is1 t ! bright hues ( ! e>ly ar*itecture ( ,v5ice 7 no sign ( gaiety ( he>t1 & t ! inve/iture ) ! mantle ( _m colors by :i* %e is kn[n above all o!r cities ( ,italy & ( ,europe1 0 n grant$ to h] 9 ! fev] ( h] fe/ivity1 b 9 ! solemnity ( h] e>ly & e>ne/ religion4 ,%e became 9 aft] times ! revel ( ! e>?1 ! masque ( ,italy2 & !re=e is %e n[ desolate3 b h] glori\s robe ( gold & purple 0 giv5 h] :5 fir/ %e rose a ve/al f ! sea1 n :5 %e became drunk ) ! w9e ( h] =nication4 ,,xxxvi4 ,& we h nev] yet look$ ) en\gh rev]5ce ^u ! sep>ate gift :i* 0 ?us be/[$ ^u h]2 we h nev] en\gh consid]$ :at an inh]itance %e has left u1 9 ! works ( ^? mighty pa9t]s :o 7 ! *ief ( h] *ildr54 ,t inh]itance is inde$ less ?an x ought to h be51 & o!r ?an x ought to h be52 = be=e ,titian & ,t9toret arose1--! m5 9 :om h] "w & h] glory %\ld h be5 toge!r consummat$1--%e _h already ceas$ to lead h] sons 9 ! way ( tru? & life1 & !y err$ mu*1 & fell %ort ( t :i* 0 appo9t$ = !m4 ,!re is no subject ( ?\ght m melan*oly1 m wond]ful1 ?an ! way 9 :i* ,god p]mits s (t5 ,8 be/ gifts to be trodd5 "u foot ( m51 ,8 ri*e/ treasures to be wa/$ by ! mo?1 & ! mightie/ influ5ces ( ,8 ,_s1 giv5 b once 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 to be qu5*$ & %ort5$ by mis]ies ( *ance & guilt4 ,i d n wond] at :at m5 ,suff]1 b ,i wond] (t5 at :at !y ,lose4 ,we may see h[ good rises out ( pa9 & evil2 b ! dead1 nak$1 eyeless loss1 :at good comes ( t8 ,! fruit /ruck to ! e>? be=e its rip5ess2 ! gl[+ life & goodly purpose dissolv$ away 9 sudd5 dea?2 ! words1 half spok51 *ok$ ^u ! lips ) clay = ev]2 or1 /rang] ?an all1 ! :ole maje/y ( humanity rais$ to its fulness1 & e gift & p[] necess>y = a giv5 purpose1 at a giv5 mom5t1 c5tr$ 9 "o man1 & all ?is p]fect$ bless+ p]mitt$ to be refus$1 p]v]t$1 cru%$1 ca/ aside by ^? :o ne$ x mo/1--! city :i* is ,n set on a hill1 ! c&le t give? light to ,none t are 9 ! h\se3--^! are ! heavie/ my/]ies ( ?is /range _w1 &1 x seems to me1 ^? :i* m>k its curse ! mo/4 ,& x is true t ! p[] ) :i* ?is ,v5ice _h be5 entru/$1 0 p]v]t$1 :5 at its highe/1 9 a ?\s& mis]able ways2 /ill1 x 0 possess$ by h] alone2 to h] all he>ts h turn$ :i* c\ld be mov$ by its manife/ation1 & none )\t be+ made /rong] & nobl] by :at h] h& _h wr\ght4 ,t mighty ,l&scape1 ( d>k m\nta9s t gu>d ! horizon ) _! purple t[]s1 & solemn =e/s1 t ga!r _! weight ( leaves1 bronz$ ) sun%9e1 n ) age1 into ^? gloomy masses fix$ 9 heav51 :i* /orm & fro/ h p[] no m to %ake1 or %$2--t mighty ,humanity1 s p]fect & s pr\d1 t hides no weakness b5ea? ! mantle1 & ga9s no greatness f ! diadem2 ! maje/y ( ?\ghtful =m1 on :i* ! du/ ( gold & flame ( jewels are da%$ z ! sea-spray ^u ! rock1 & /ill ! great ,manhood seems to /& b>e aga9/ ! blue sky2--t mighty ,my?ology1 :i* fills ! daily walks ( m5 ) spiritual companion%ip1 & beholds ! protect+ angels break ) _! burn+ pres5ce ?r\gh ! arr[-flights ( battle3--measure ! compass ( t field ( creation1 weigh ! value ( ! inh]itance t ,v5ice ?us left to ! nations ( ,europe1 & !n judge if s va/1 s b5efic5t a p[] c\ld inde$ h be5 root$ 9 dissipation or decay4 ,x 0 :5 %e wore ! ephod ( ! prie/1 n ! motley ( ! masqu]1 t ! fire fell ^u h] f heav52 & %e saw ! fir/ rays ( x ?r\gh ! ra9 ( h] own te>s1 :51 z ! b>b>ic deluge ebb$ f ! hills ( ,italy1 ! circuit ( h] palaces1 & ! orb ( h] =tunes1 rose toge!r1 l ! ,iris1 pa9t$ ^u ! ,cl\d4 ,,footnotes #da ,9 ! ye> #ahea1 by ! ,du*esse de ,b]ri4 #db ,( ! ,braid$ ,h\se & ,casa ,bus9ello1 describ$ 9 ! ,app5dix1 only ! great c5tral arcades rema94 #dc ,only "o w+ ( ! fir/ /ory is left4 ,see ,app5dix #aa4 #dd ,i am oblig$ to give ^! measures approximately1 because1 ?is front hav+ be5 /udi$ by ! build] ) unusual c>e1 n "o ( its measures is ! same z ano!r2 & ! symmetries betwe5 ! correspond5t ar*es are obta9$ by *anges 9 ! dep? ( _! m\ld+s & v>iations 9 _! heights1 f> too complicat$ = me to ent] into "h2 s t ( ! two ar*es /at$ z #ai ft4 #h 94 9 span1 "o is 9 reality #ai ft4 #f 941 ! o!r #ai ft4 #aj 941 & ( ! two /at$ z #bj ft4 #d 941 "o is #bj ft4 & ! o!r #bj ft4 #h 94 #de ,by ,mr4 ,p5rose4 #df ,i am sometimes oblig$1 un=tunately1 to read my woodcuts backw>ds ow+ to my hav+ =gott5 to rev]se !m on ! wood4 #dg ,vide ,plate ,x4 figs4 #a & #d4 #dh #a4 ,fondaco de' ,turehi1 lat]al #h4 ,/4 ,m>k's4 pill>s4 #i4 ,/4 ,m>k's4 #b4 ,t]rac$ ,h\se1 lat]al pill>s4 #aj4 ,braid$ ,h\se1 upp] arcade4 #c4 ,casa ,f>setti1 c5tral pill>s1 #aa4 ,casa ,lor$an1 upp] arcade4 upp] arcade4 #ab4 ,/4 ,m>k's4 #d4 ,casa ,lor$an1 l[] arcade4 #ac4 ,/4 ,m>k's4 #e4 ,casa ,lor$an1 l[] arcade4 #ad4 ,fondaco de' ,tur*i1 upp] #f4 ,fondaco de' ,tur*i1 upp] arcade4 arcade4 #g4 ,casa ,lor$an1 upp] arcade4 #ae4 ,/4 ,m>k's4 #di ,comp>e ,sev5 ,lamps1 *ap4 ii4 #bb4 #ej ,two ( ^! are repres5t$ 9 ! second numb] ( my folio "w ^u ,v5ice4 #ea ,! abs5ce ( ! true grotesque _s 9 ,byzant9e "w w be exam9$ 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ! ?ird volume4 #eb ,ezekiel1 xxvii4 #aa4 #ec ,p]haps ?is type is 9 no place ( ,scripture m t\*+ly us$ ?an 9 ,lam5tations1 i4 #ab1 :]e ! ^w afflict$ is r5d]$ 9 ! ,vulgate v9demiavit1 v9tag$4 #ed ,app5dix #ab1 ,mod]n ,pa9t+ on ,glass4 #ee #b ,samuel1 xiii4 #ah4 ,,second1 ,,or ,,go?ic1 ,,p]iod4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,go?ic4 ,i4 ,if ! read] w look back to ! division ( our subject :i* 0 made 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ! fir/ volume1 he w f9d t we are n[ ab\t to ent] ^u ! exam9ation ( t s*ool ( ,v5etian ar*itecture :i* =ms an int]m$iate /ep betwe5 ! ,byzant9e & ,go?ic =ms2 b :i* ,i f9d may be conv5i5tly consid]$ 9 its connexion ) ! latt] /yle4 ,9 ord] t we may disc]n ! t5d5cy ( ea* /ep ( ?is *ange1 x w be wise 9 ! outset to endeavor to =m "s g5]al idea ( its f9al result4 ,we "k already :at ! ,byzant9e ar*itecture is f :i* ! transition 0 made1 b we ought to "k some?+ ( ! ,go?ic ar*itecture into :i* x l$4 ,i %all endeavor !re=e to give ! read] 9 ?is *apt] an idea1 at once broad & def9ite1 ( ! true nature ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1 prop]ly s call$2 n ( t ( ,v5ice only1 b ( univ]sal ,go?ic3 = x w be "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ p>ts ( our subsequ5t inquiry1 to f9d out h[ f> ,v5etian ar*itecture rea*$ ! univ]sal or p]fect type ( ,go?ic1 & h[ f> x ei!r fell %ort ( x1 or assum$ =eign & indep5d5t =ms4 ,,ii4 ,! pr9cipal difficulty 9 do+ ?is arises f ! fact t e build+ ( ! ,go?ic p]iod diff]s 9 "s important respect f e o!r2 & _m include features :i*1 if !y occurr$ 9 o!r build+s1 w\ld n be consid]$ ,go?ic at all2 s t all we h to reason ^u is m]ely1 if ,i may be all[$ s to express x1 a great] or less degree ( ,go?icness 9 ea* build+ we exam9e4 ,& x is ?is ,go?icness1--! "* :i*1 accord+ z x is f\nd m or less 9 a build+1 makes x m or less ,go?ic1--( :i* ,i want to def9e ! nature2 & ,i feel ! same k9d ( difficulty 9 do+ s :i* w\ld be enc\nt]$ by any "o :o und]took to expla91 = in/ance1 ! nature ( ,r$ness1 )\t any actual r$ ?+ to po9t to1 b only orange & purple ?+s4 ,suppose he _h only a piece ( hea!r & a dead oak-leaf to d x )4 ,he might say1 ! color :i* is mix$ ) ! yell[ 9 ?is oak-leaf1 & ) ! blue 9 ?is hea!r1 w\ld be r$1 if y _h x sep>ate2 b x w\ld be difficult1 nev]!less1 to make ! ab/raction p]fectly intelligible3 & x is s 9 a f> great] degree to make ! ab/raction ( ! ,go?ic "* intelligible1 because t "* itself is made up ( _m m+l$ ideas1 & c consi/ only 9 _! union4 ,t is to say1 po9t$ ar*es d n con/itute ,go?ic1 nor vault$ ro(s1 nor fly+ buttresses1 nor grotesque sculptures2 b all or "s ( ^! ?+s1 & _m o!r ?+s ) !m1 :5 !y come toge!r s z to h life4 ,,iii4 ,obs]ve also1 t1 9 ! def9ition propos$1 ,i %all only endeavor to analyze ! idea :i* ,i suppose already to exi/ 9 ! read]'s m9d4 ,we all h "s notion1 mo/ ( u a v det]m9$ "o1 ( ! mean+ ( ! t]m ,go?ic2 b ,i "k t _m p]sons h ?is idea 9 _! m9ds )\t be+ able to def9e x3 t is to say1 und]/&+ g5]ally t ,we/m9/] ,abbey is ,go?ic1 & ,/4 ,paul's is n1 t ,/rasburg ,ca!dral is ,go?ic1 & ,/4 ,pet]'s is n1 !y h1 nev]!less1 no cle> notion ( :at x is t !y recognize 9 ! "o or miss 9 ! o!r1 su* z w\ld enable !m to say h[ f> ! "w at ,we/m9/] or ,/rasburg is good & pure ( its k9d3 /ill less to say ( any non-descript build+1 l ,/4 ,james's ,palace or ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 h[ mu* "r ,go?ic elem5t !re is 9 x1 & h[ mu* want+1 ,& ,i believe ?is inquiry to be a pleasant & pr(itable "o2 & t !re w be f\nd some?+ m ?an usually int]e/+ 9 trac+ out ?is grey1 %ad[y1 _m-p9nacl$ image ( ! ,go?ic _s )9 u2 & disc]n+ :at fell[%ip !re is betwe5 x & our ,nor!rn he>ts4 ,& if1 at any po9t ( ! inquiry1 ,i %\ld int]f]e ) any ( ! read]'s previ\sly =m$ conceptions1 & use ! t]m ,go?ic 9 any s5se :i* he w\ld n will+ly atta* to x1 ,i d n ask him to accept1 b only to exam9e & und]/&1 my int]pretation1 z necess>y to ! intelligibility ( :at foll[s 9 ! re/ ( ! "w4 ,,iv4 ,we h1 !n1 ! ,go?ic "* submitt$ to our analysis1 j z ! r\gh m9]al is submitt$ to t ( ! *emi/1 entangl$ ) _m o!r =eign sub/ances1 itself p]haps 9 no place pure1 or ev] to be obta9$ or se5 9 purity = m ?an an in/ant2 b nev]!less a ?+ ( def9ite & sep>ate nature1 h[ev] inextricable or confus$ 9 appe>ance4 ,n[ obs]ve3 ! *emi/ def9es 8 m9]al by two sep>ate k9ds ( "*2 "o ext]nal1 its cry/all9e =m1 h>dness1 lu/re1 c42 ! o!r int]nal1 ! proportions & nature ( its con/itu5t atoms4 ,exactly 9 ! same mann]1 we %all f9d t ,go?ic ar*itecture has ext]nal =ms1 & int]nal elem5ts4 ,its elem5ts are c]ta9 m5tal t5d5cies ( ! build]s1 legibly express$ 9 x2 z fancifulness1 love ( v>iety1 love ( ri*ness1 & su* o!rs4 ,its ext]nal =ms are po9t$ ar*es1 vault$ ro(s1 c4 ,& unless bo? ! elem5ts & ! =ms are !re1 we h no "r to call ! /yle ,go?ic4 ,x is n en\gh t x has ! ,=m1 if x h n also ! p[] & life4 ,x is n en\gh t x has ! ,p[]1 if x h n ! =m4 ,we mu/ !re=e inquire into ea* ( ^! *>act]s successively2 & det]m9e fir/1 :at is ! ,m5tal ,expression1 & secondly1 :at ! ,mat]ial ,=m1 ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1 prop]ly s call$4 #a/4 ,m5tal ,p[] or ,expression4 ,:at *>act]s1 we h to discov]1 did ! ,go?ic build]s love1 or in/9ctively express 9 _! "w1 z di/+ui%$ f all o!r build]s8 ,v4 ,let u g back = a mom5t to our *emi/ry1 & note t1 9 def9+ a m9]al by its con/itu5t p>ts1 x is n "o nor ano!r ( !m1 t c make up ! m9]al1 b ! union ( all3 = in/ance1 x is nei!r 9 *>coal1 nor 9 oxyg51 nor 9 lime1 t !re is ! mak+ ( *alk1 b 9 ! comb9ation ( all ?ree 9 c]ta9 measures2 !y are all f\nd 9 v diff]5t ?+s f *alk1 & !re is no?+ l *alk ei!r 9 *>coal or 9 oxyg51 b !y are nev]!less necess>y to its exi/5ce4 ,s 9 ! v>i\s m5tal *>act]s :i* make up ! s\l ( ,go?ic4 ,x is n "o nor ano!r t produces x2 b _! union 9 c]ta9 measures4 ,ea* "o ( !m is f\nd 9 _m o!r ar*itectures besides ,go?ic2 b ,go?ic _c exi/ :]e !y are n f\nd1 or1 at lea/1 :]e _! place is n 9 "s way suppli$4 ,only !re is ?is great diff]5ce betwe5 ! composition ( ! m9]al1 & ( ! ar*itectural /yle1 t if we )draw "o ( its elem5ts f ! /one1 its =m is utt]ly *ang$1 & its exi/5ce z su* & su* a m9]al is de/roy$2 b if we )draw "o ( its m5tal elem5ts f ! ,go?ic /yle1 x is only a little less ,go?ic ?an x 0 be=e1 & ! union ( two or ?ree ( its elem5ts is en\gh already to be/[ a c]ta9 ,go?icness ( "*1 :i* ga9s 9 int5sity z we add ! o!rs1 & loses z we aga9 )draw !m4 ,,vi4 ,i believe1 !n1 t ! *>act]i/ic or moral elem5ts ( ,go?ic are ! foll[+1 plac$ 9 ! ord] ( _! importance3 #a4 ,savag5ess4 #b4 ,*angefulness4 #c4 ,naturalism4 #d4 ,grotesqu5ess4 #e4 ,rigidity4 #f4 ,r$undance4 ,^! *>act]s are "h express$ z belong+ to ! build+2 z belong+ to ! build]1 !y w\ld be express$ ?us3--#a4 ,savag5ess1 or ,rud5ess4 #b4 ,love ( ,*ange4 #c4 ,love ( ,nature4 #d4 ,di/urb$ ,imag9ation4 #e1 ,ob/9acy4 #f4 ,g5]osity4 ,& ,i repeat1 t ! )drawal ( any "o1 or any two1 w n at once de/roy ! ,go?ic "* ( a build+1 b ! removal ( a majority ( !m w4 ,i %all proce$ to exam9e !m 9 _! ord]4 ,,vii4 #a4 ,,savag5ess4 ,i am n sure :5 ! ^w ,go?ic 0 fir/ g5]ically appli$ to ! ar*itecture ( ! ,nor?2 b ,i presume t1 :atev] ! date ( its orig9al usage1 x 0 int5d$ to imply reproa*1 & express ! b>b>ic "* ( ! nations among :om t ar*itecture arose4 ,x nev] impli$ t !y 7 lit]ally ( ,go?ic l9eage1 f> less t _! ar*itecture _h be5 orig9ally inv5t$ by ! ,go?s !mselves2 b x did imply t !y & _! build+s toge!r exhibit$ a degree ( /]nness & rud5ess1 :i*1 9 contradi/9ction to ! "* ( ,s\!rn & ,ea/]n nations1 appe>$ l a p]petual reflection ( ! contra/ betwe5 ! ,go? & ! ,roman 9 _! fir/ enc\nt]4 ,& :5 t fall5 ,roman1 9 ! utmo/ impot5ce ( 8 luxury1 & insol5ce ( 8 guilt1 became ! model = ! imitation ( civiliz$ ,europe1 at ! close ( ! s-call$ ,d>k ages1 ! ^w ,go?ic became a t]m ( unmitigat$ contempt1 n unmix$ ) av]sion4 ,f t contempt1 by ! ex]tion ( ! antiqu>ies & ar*itects ( ?is c5tury1 ,go?ic ar*itecture has be5 suffici5tly v9dicat$2 & p]haps "s among u1 9 our admiration ( ! magnific5t sci5ce ( its /ructure1 & sacr$ness ( its expression1 might desire t ! t]m ( anci5t reproa* %\ld be )drawn1 & "s o!r1 ( m app>5t honorabl5ess1 adopt$ 9 its place4 ,!re is no *ance1 z !re is no ne$1 ( su* a sub/itution4 ,z f> z ! epi!t 0 us$ scornfully1 x 0 us$ falsely2 b !re is no reproa* 9 ! ^w1 rightly und]/ood2 on ! contr>y1 !re is a pr(\nd tru?1 :i* ! in/9ct ( mank9d almo/ unconsci\sly recognizes4 ,x is true1 greatly & deeply true1 t ! ar*itecture ( ! ,nor? is rude & wild2 b x is n true1 t1 = ?is reason1 we are to condemn x1 or despise4 ,f> o!rwise3 ,i believe x is 9 ?is v "* t x des]ves our pr(\nde/ rev]5ce4 ,,viii4 ,! *>ts ( ! _w :i* h be5 drawn up by mod]n sci5ce h ?r[n into a n>r[ space ! expression ( a va/ am\nt ( k1 b ,i h nev] yet se5 any "o pictorial en\gh to enable ! spectator to imag9e ! k9d ( contra/ 9 physical "* :i* exi/s betwe5 ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn c\ntries4 ,we "k ! diff]5ces 9 detail1 b we h n t broad glance & grasp :i* w\ld enable u to feel !m 9 _! fulness4 ,we "k t g5tians gr[ on ! ,alps1 & olives on ! ,ap5n9es2 b we d n en\gh conceive = ourselves t v>iegat$ mosaic ( ! _w's surface :i* a bird sees 9 its migration1 t diff]5ce betwe5 ! di/rict ( ! g5tian & ( ! olive :i* ! /ork & ! swall[ see f> (f1 z !y lean ^u ! sirocco w9d4 ,let u1 = a mom5t1 try to raise ourselves ev5 above ! level ( _! flight1 & imag9e ! ,m$it]ranean ly+ b5ea? u l an irregul> lake1 & all its anci5t promontories sleep+ 9 ! sun3 "h & !re an angry spot ( ?und]1 a grey /a9 ( /orm1 mov+ ^u ! burn+ field2 & "h & !re a fix$ wrea? ( :ite volcano smoke1 surr\nd$ by its circle ( a%es2 b = ! mo/ "p a great peacefulness ( light1 ,syria & ,greece1 ,italy & ,spa91 laid l pieces ( a gold5 pavem5t into ! sea-blue1 *as$1 z we /oop ne>] to !m1 ) bossy beat5 "w ( m\nta9 *a9s1 & gl[+ s(tly ) t]rac$ g>d5s1 & fl[]s heavy ) frank9c5se1 mix$ among masses ( laurel1 & orange & plumy palm1 t abate ) _! grey-gre5 %ad[s ! burn+ ( ! m>ble rocks1 & ( ! l$ges ( porphyry slop+ "u luc5t s&4 ,!n let u pass f>!r t[>ds ! nor?1 until we see ! ori5t colors *ange gradually into a va/ belt ( ra9y gre51 :]e ! pa/ures ( ,switz]l&1 & popl> valleys ( ,france1 & d>k =e/s ( ! ,danube & ,c>pa?ians /ret* f ! m\?s ( ! ,loire to ^? ( ! ,volga1 se5 ?r\gh clefts 9 grey swirls ( ra9-cl\d & flaky veils ( ! mi/ ( ! brooks1 spread+ l[ along ! pa/ure l&s3 & !n1 f>!r nor? /ill1 to see ! e>? heave into mighty masses ( lead5 rock & hea?y moor1 bord]+ ) a broad wa/e ( gloomy purple t belt ( field & wood1 & spl9t]+ into irregul> & grisly isl&s amid/ ! nor!rn seas1 beat5 by /orm & *ill$ by ice-drift1 & torm5t$ by furi\s pulses ( cont5d+ tide1 until ! roots ( ! la/ =e/s fail f among ! hill rav9es1 & ! hung] ( ! nor? w9d bites _! peaks into b>r5ness2 &1 at la/1 ! wall ( ice1 durable l iron1 sets1 dea?like1 its :ite tee? aga9/ u out ( ! pol> twilight4 ,&1 hav+ once trav]s$ 9 ?\ght its gradation ( ! zon$ iris ( ! e>? 9 all its mat]ial va/ness1 let u g d[n ne>] to x1 & wat* ! p>allel *ange 9 ! belt ( animal life3 ! multitudes ( swift & brilliant creatures t glance 9 ! air & sea1 or tread ! s&s ( ! s\!rn zone2 /rip$ zebras & spott$ leop>ds1 gli/5+ s]p5ts1 & birds array$ 9 purple & sc>let4 ,let u contra/ _! delicacy & brilliancy ( color1 & swiftness ( motion1 ) ! fro/-cramp$ /r5g?1 & %aggy cov]+1 & dusky plumage ( ! nor!rn tribes2 contra/ ! ,arabian horse ) ! ,%etl&1 ! tig] & leop>d ) ! wolf & be>1 ! antelope ) ! elk1 ! bird ( p>adise ) ! osprey3 & !n1 submissively ackn[l$g+ ! great laws by :i* ! e>? & all t x be>s are rul$ ?r\gh\t _! be+1 let u n condemn1 b rejoice at ! expression by man ( 8 own re/ 9 ! /atutes ( ! l&s t gave him bir?4 ,let u wat* him ) rev]5ce z he sets side by side ! burn+ gems1 & smoo!s ) s(t sculpture ! jasp] pill>s1 t are to reflect a ceaseless sun%9e1 & rise into a cl\dless sky3 b n ) less rev]5ce let u /& by him1 :51 ) r\gh /r5g? & hurri$ /roke1 he smites an unc\? animation out ( ! rocks :i* he has torn f among ! moss ( ! moorl&1 & heaves into ! d>k5$ air ! pile ( iron buttress & rugg$ wall1 in/9ct ) "w ( an imag9ation z wild & wayw>d z ! nor!rn sea2 creations ( unga9ly %ape & rigid limb1 b full ( wolfi% life2 fi]ce z ! w9ds t beat1 & *angeful z ! cl\ds t %ade !m4 ,!re is1 ,i repeat1 no degradation1 no reproa* 9 ?is1 b all dignity & honorabl5ess2 & we %\ld err griev\sly 9 refus+ ei!r to recognise z an ess5tial "* ( ! exi/+ ar*itecture ( ! ,nor?1 or to admit z a desirable "* 9 t :i* x yet may be1 ?is wildness ( ?\ght1 & r\ghness ( "w2 ?is look ( m\nta9 bro!rhood betwe5 ! ca!dral & ! ,alp2 ?is magnific5ce ( /urdy p[]1 put =? only ! m en]getically because ! f9e f+]-t\* 0 *ill$ away by ! fro/y w9d1 & ! eye dimm$ by ! moor-mi/1 or bl9d$ by ! hail2 ?is outspeak+ ( ! /rong _s ( m5 :o may n ga!r r$undant fruitage f ! e>?1 nor bask 9 dreamy b5ignity ( sun%9e1 b mu/ break ! rock = bread1 & cleave ! =e/ = fire1 & %[1 ev5 9 :at !y did = _! delight1 "s ( ! h>d habits ( ! arm & he>t t grew on !m z !y swung ! axe or press$ ! pl\gh4 ,,ix4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! savag5ess ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1 m]ely z an expression ( its orig9 among ,nor!rn nations1 may be consid]$1 9 "s sort1 a noble "*1 x possesses a high] nobility /ill1 :5 consid]$ z an index1 n ( climate1 b ( religi\s pr9ciple4 ,9 ! #ac? & #ad? p>agraphs ( ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ( ! fir/ volume ( ?is "w1 x 0 notic$ t ! sy/ems ( ar*itectural ornam5t1 prop]ly s call$1 might be divid$ into ?ree3--#a4 ,s]vile ornam5t1 9 :i* ! execution or p[] ( ! inf]ior workman is entirely subject$ to ! intellect ( ! high]3--#b4 ,con/itutional ornam5t1 9 :i* ! executive inf]ior p[] is1 to a c]ta9 po9t1 emancipat$ & indep5d5t1 hav+ a w ( its own1 yet confess+ its inf]iority & r5d]+ ob$i5ce to high] p[]s2--& #c4 ,revolution>y ornam5t1 9 :i* no executive inf]iority is admitt$ at all4 ,i mu/ "h expla9 ! nature ( ^! divisions at some:at great] l5g?4 ,( ,s]vile ornam5t1 ! pr9cipal s*ools are ! ,greek1 ,n9evite1 & ,egyptian2 b _! s]vility is ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,! ,greek ma/]-workman 0 f> advanc$ 9 k & p[] above ! ,assyrian or ,egyptian4 ,nei!r he nor ^? = :om he work$ c\ld endure ! appe>ance ( imp]fection 9 any?+2 &1 !re=e1 :at ornam5t he appo9t$ to be done by ^? b5ea? him 0 compos$ ( m]e geometrical =ms1--balls1 ridges1 & p]fectly symmetrical foliage1--:i* c\ld be execut$ ) absolute precision by l9e & rule1 & 7 z p]fect 9 _! way :5 complet$1 z 8 own figure sculpture4 ,! ,assyrian & ,egyptian1 on ! contr>y1 less cognizant ( accurate =m 9 any?+1 7 cont5t to all[ _! figure sculpture to be execut$ by inf]ior workm51 b l[]$ ! me?od ( its treatm5t to a /&>d :i* e workman c\ld rea*1 & !n tra9$ him by discipl9e s rigid1 t !re 0 no *ance ( 8 fall+ b5ea? ! /&>d appo9t$4 ,! ,greek gave to ! l[] workman no subject :i* he c\ld n p]fectly execute4 ,! ,assyrian gave him subjects :i* he c\ld only execute imp]fectly1 b fix$ a legal /&>d = 8 imp]fection4 ,! workman 01 9 bo? sy/ems1 a slave4#ef ,x4 ,b 9 ! m$ival1 or especially ,*ri/ian1 sy/em ( ornam5t1 ?is slav]y is done away ) altoge!r2 ,*ri/ianity hav+ recogniz$1 9 small ?+s z well z great1 ! individual value ( e s\l4 ,b x n only recognizes its value2 x confesses its imp]fection1 9 only be/[+ dignity ^u ! ackn[l$gm5t ( unwor?9ess4 ,t admission ( lo/ p[] & fall5 nature1 :i* ! ,greek or ,n9evite felt to be int5sely pa9ful1 &1 z f> z might be1 altoge!r refus$1 ! ,*ri/ian makes daily & h\rly1 contemplat+ ! fact ( x )\t fe>1 z t5d+1 9 ! end1 to ,god's great] glory4 ,!re=e1 to e _s :i* ,*ri/ianity summons to h] s]vice1 h] exhortation is3 ,d :at y c1 & confess frankly :at y are unable to d2 nei!r let y\r ef=t be %ort5$ = fe> ( failure1 nor y\r confession sil5c$ = fe> ( %ame4 ,& x is1 p]haps1 ! pr9cipal admirabl5ess ( ! ,go?ic s*ools ( ar*itecture1 t !y ?us receive ! results ( ! labor ( inf]ior m9ds2 & out ( fragm5ts full ( imp]fection1 & betray+ t imp]fection 9 e t\*1 indulg5tly raise up a /ately & unaccusable :ole4 ,,xi4 ,b ! mod]n ,engli% m9d has ?is mu* 9 common ) t ( ! ,greek1 t x int5sely desires1 9 all ?+s1 ! utmo/ completion or p]fection compatible ) _! nature4 ,?is is a noble "* 9 ! ab/ract1 b becomes ignoble :5 x causes u to =get ! relative dignities ( t nature itself1 & to pref] ! p]fectness ( ! l[] nature to ! imp]fection ( ! high]2 n consid]+ t z1 judg$ by su* a rule1 all ! brute animals w\ld be pref]able to man1 because m p]fect 9 _! functions & k9d1 & yet are always held inf]ior to him1 s also 9 ! works ( man1 ^? :i* are m p]fect 9 _! k9d are always inf]ior to ^? :i* are1 9 _! nature1 liable to m faults & %ortcom+s4 ,= ! f9] ! nature1 ! m flaws x w %[ ?r\gh ! cle>ness ( x2 & x is a law ( ?is univ]se1 t ! be/ ?+s %all be seldome/ se5 9 _! be/ =m4 ,! wild grass gr[s well & /rongly1 "o ye> ) ano!r2 b ! :eat is1 accord+ to ! great] nobl5ess ( its nature1 liable to ! bitt]] blight4 ,& !re=e1 :ile 9 all ?+s t we see1 or d1 we are to desire p]fection1 & /rive = x1 we are nev]!less n to set ! mean] ?+1 9 its n>r[ accompli%m5t1 above ! nobl] ?+1 9 its mighty progress2 n to e/eem smoo? m9ut5ess above %att]$ maje/y2 n to pref] mean victory to honorable defeat2 n to l[] ! level ( our aim1 t we may ! m surely enjoy ! complac5cy ( success4 ,b1 above all1 9 our deal+s ) ! s\ls ( o!r m51 we are to take c>e h[ we *eck1 by sev]e requirem5t or n>r[ caution1 ef=ts :i* might o!rwise lead to a noble issue2 &1 /ill m1 h[ we )hold our admiration f great excell5ces1 because !y are m+l$ ) r\gh faults4 ,n[1 9 ! make & nature ( e man1 h[ev] rude or simple1 :om we employ 9 manual labor1 !re are "s p[]s = bett] ?+s3 "s t>dy imag9ation1 torpid capacity ( emotion1 tott]+ /eps ( ?\ght1 !re are1 ev5 at ! wor/2 & 9 mo/ cases x is all our own fault t !y are t>dy or torpid4 ,b !y _c be /r5g!n$1 unless we are cont5t to take !m 9 _! feebl5ess1 & unless we prize & honor !m 9 _! imp]fection above ! be/ & mo/ p]fect manual skill4 ,& ?is is :at we h to d ) all our labor]s2 to look = ! ?\ghtful "p ( !m1 & get t out ( !m1 :atev] we lose = x1 :atev] faults & errors we are oblig$ to take ) x4 ,= ! be/ t is 9 !m _c manife/ itself1 b 9 company ) mu* error4 ,und]/& ?is cle>ly3 ,y c tea* a man to draw a /raight l9e1 & to cut "o2 to /rike a curv$ l9e1 & to c>ve x2 & to copy & c>ve any numb] ( giv5 l9es or =ms1 ) admirable spe$ & p]fect precision2 & y f9d 8 "w p]fect ( its k9d3 b if y ask him to ?9k ab\t any ( ^? =ms1 to consid] if he _c f9d any bett] 9 8 own head1 he /ops2 8 execution becomes hesitat+2 he ?9ks1 & t5 to "o he ?9ks wrong2 t5 to "o he makes a mi/ake 9 ! fir/ t\* he gives to 8 "w z a ?9k+ be+4 ,b y h made a man ( him = all t4 ,he 0 only a ma*9e be=e1 an animat$ tool4 ,,xii4 ,& obs]ve1 y are put to /]n *oice 9 ?is matt]4 ,y mu/ ei!r made a tool ( ! creature1 or a man ( him4 ,y _c make bo?4 ,m5 7 n int5d$ to "w ) ! accuracy ( tools1 to be precise & p]fect 9 all _! actions4 ,if y w h t precision out ( !m1 & make _! f+]s measure degrees l cog-:eels1 & _! arms /rike curves l compasses1 y mu/ unhumanize !m4 ,all ! en]gy ( _! spirits mu/ be giv5 to make cogs & compasses ( !mselves4 ,all _! att5tion & /r5g? mu/ g to ! accompli%m5t ( ! mean act4 ,! eye ( ! s\l mu/ be b5t ^u ! f+]-po9t1 & ! s\l's =ce mu/ fill all ! invisible n]ves t guide x1 t5 h\rs a day1 t x may n err f its /eely precision1 & s s\l & sight be worn away1 & ! :ole human be+ be lo/ at la/--a heap ( sawdu/1 s f> z its intellectual "w 9 ?is _w is conc]n$2 sav$ only by its ,he>t1 :i* _c g into ! =m ( cogs & compasses1 b exp&s1 aft] ! t5 h\rs are ov]1 into fireside humanity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y w make a man ( ! work+ creature1 y _c make a tool4 ,let him b beg9 to imag9e1 to ?9k1 to try to d any?+ wor? do+2 & ! eng9e-turn$ precision is lo/ at once4 ,out come all 8 r\ghness1 all 8 dulness1 all 8 incapability2 %ame ^u %ame1 failure ^u failure1 pause aft] pause3 b out comes ! :ole maje/y ( him also2 & we "k ! height ( x only1 :5 we see ! cl\ds settl+ ^u him4 ,&1 :e!r ! cl\ds be bright or d>k1 !re w be transfiguration beh9d & )9 !m4 ,,xiii4 ,& n[1 read]1 look r\nd ?is ,engli% room ( y\rs1 ab\t :i* y h be5 pr\d s (t51 because ! "w ( x 0 s good & /rong1 & ! ornam5ts ( x s f9i%$4 ,exam9e aga9 all ^? accurate m\ld+s1 & p]fect poli%+s1 & un]r+ adju/m5ts ( ! season$ wood & temp]$ /eel4 ,_m a "t y h exult$ ov] !m1 & ?\ght h[ great ,engl& 01 because h] slighte/ "w 0 done s ?or\ghly4 ,alas6 if read rightly1 ^! p]fectnesses are signs ( a slav]y 9 our ,engl& a ?\s& times m bitt] & m degrad+ ?an t ( ! sc\rg$ ,african1 or helot ,greek4 ,m5 may be beat51 *a9$1 torm5t$1 yok$ l cattle1 slaught]$ l summ] flies1 & yet rema9 9 "o s5se1 & ! be/ s5se1 free4 ,b to smo!r _! s\ls )9 !m1 to blight & hew into rott+ poll>ds ! suckl+ bran*es ( _! human intellig5ce1 to make ! fle% & sk9 :i*1 aft] ! worm's "w on x1 is to see ,god1 into lea!rn ?ongs to yoke ma*9]y )1--?is x is to be slave-ma/]s inde$2 & !re might be m fre$om 9 ,engl&1 ?\gh h] feudal lords' lighte/ words 7 wor? m5's lives1 & ?\gh ! blood ( ! vex$ husb&man dropp$ 9 ! furr[s ( h] fields1 ?an !re is :ile ! animation ( h] multitudes is s5t l fuel to fe$ ! factory smoke1 & ! /r5g? ( !m is giv5 daily to be wa/$ into ! f95ess ( a web1 or rack$ into ! exactness ( a l9e4 ,,xiv4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 g =? aga9 to gaze ^u ! old ca!dral front1 :]e y h smil$ s (t5 at ! fanta/ic ignorance ( ! old sculptors3 exam9e once m ^? ugly gobl9s1 & =mless mon/]s1 & /]n /atues1 anatomiless & rigid2 b d n mock at !m1 = !y are signs ( ! life & lib]ty ( e workman :o /ruck ! /one2 a fre$om ( ?\ght1 & rank 9 scale ( be+1 su* z no laws1 no *>t]s1 no *>ities c secure2 b :i* x mu/ be ! fir/ aim ( all ,europe at ?is day to rega9 = h] *ildr54 ,,xv4 ,let me n be ?\ght to speak wildly or extravagantly4 ,x is v]ily ?is degradation ( ! op]ative into a ma*9e1 :i*1 m ?an any o!r evil ( ! times1 is lead+ ! mass ( ! nations ev]y:]e into va91 incoh]5t1 de/ructive /ruggl+ = a fre$om ( :i* !y _c expla9 ! nature to !mselves4 ,_! univ]sal outcry aga9/ weal?1 & aga9/ nobility1 is n =c$ f !m ei!r by ! pressure ( fam9e1 or ! /+ ( mortifi$ pride4 ,^! d mu*1 & h done mu* 9 all ages2 b ! f\ndations ( society 7 nev] yet %ak5 z !y are at ?is day4 ,x is n t m5 are ill f$1 b t !y h no pleasure 9 ! "w by :i* !y make _! bread1 & !re=e look to weal? z ! only means ( pleasure4 ,x is n t m5 are pa9$ by ! scorn ( ! upp] classes1 b !y _c endure _! own2 = !y feel t ! k9d ( labor to :i* !y are condemn$ is v]ily a degrad+ "o1 & makes !m less ?an m54 ,nev] _h ! upp] classes s mu* sympa?y ) ! l[]1 or *>ity = !m1 z !y h at ?is day1 & yet nev] 7 !y s mu* hat$ by !m3 =1 ( old1 ! sep>ation betwe5 ! noble & ! poor 0 m]ely a wall built by law2 n[ x is a v]itable diff]5ce 9 level ( /&+1 a precipice betwe5 upp] & l[] gr\nds 9 ! field ( humanity & !re is pe/il5tial air at ! bottom ( x4 ,i "k n if a day is ev] to come :5 ! nature ( "r fre$om w be und]/ood1 & :5 m5 w see t to obey ano!r man1 to labor = him1 yield rev]5ce to him or to 8 place1 is n slav]y4 ,x is (t5 ! be/ k9d ( lib]ty1--lib]ty f c>e4 ,! man :o says to "o1 ,g1 & he goe?1 & to ano!r1 ,come1 & he come?1 has1 9 mo/ cases1 m s5se ( re/ra9t & difficulty ?an ! man :o obeys him4 ,! movem5ts ( ! "o are h9d]$ by ! burd5 on 8 %\ld]2 ( ! o!r1 by ! bridle on 8 lips3 !re is no way by :i* ! burd5 may be light5$2 b we ne$ n suff] f ! bridle if we d n *amp at x4 ,to yield rev]5ce to ano!r1 to hold ourselves & our lives at 8 disposal1 is n slav]y2 (t51 x is ! noble/ /ate 9 :i* a man c live 9 ?is _w4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a rev]5ce :i* is s]vile1 t is to say1 irrational or selfi%3 b !re is also noble rev]5ce1 t is to say1 reasonable & lov+2 & a man is nev] s noble z :5 he is rev]5t 9 ?is k9d2 nay1 ev5 if ! feel+ pass ! b\nds ( m]e reason1 s t x be lov+1 a man is rais$ by x4 ,:i* _h1 9 reality1 mo/ ( ! s]f nature 9 him1--! ,iri% peasant :o 0 ly+ 9 wait ye/]day = 8 l&lord1 ) 8 musket muzzle ?ru/ ?r\gh ! ragg$ h$ge2 or t old m\nta9 s]vant1 :o1 #bjj ye>s ago1 at ,inv]kei?+1 gave up 8 own life & ! lives ( 8 sev5 sons = 8 *ief8#eg--;& z ea* fell1 call+ =? 8 bro!r to ! dea?1 ,ano!r = ,hector6 ,& !re=e1 9 all ages & all c\ntries1 rev]5ce has be5 paid & sacrifice made by m5 to ea* o!r1 n only )\t compla9t1 b rejoic+ly2 & fam9e1 & p]il1 & sword1 & all evil1 & all %ame1 h be5 borne will+ly 9 ! causes ( ma/]s & k+s2 = all ^! gifts ( ! he>t ennobl$ ! m5 :o gave1 n less ?an ! m5 :o receiv$ !m1 & nature prompt$1 & ,god rew>d$ ! sacrifice4 ,b to feel _! s\ls )]+ )9 !m1 un?ank$1 to f9d _! :ole be+ sunk into an unrecogniz$ abyss1 to be c\nt$ (f into a heap ( me*anism1 numb]$ ) its :eels1 & weigh$ ) its hamm] /rokes2--?is nature bade n1--?is ,god blesses n1--?is humanity = no long "t is able to endure4 ,,xvi4 ,we h mu* /udi$ & mu* p]fect$1 ( late1 ! great civiliz$ inv5tion ( ! division ( labor2 only we give x a false "n4 ,x is n1 truly speak+1 ! labor t is divid$2 b ! m53--,divid$ into m]e segm5ts ( m5--brok5 into small fragm5ts & crumbs ( life2 s t all ! little piece ( intellig5ce t is left 9 a man is n en\gh to make a p91 or a nail1 b exhau/s itself 9 mak+ ! po9t ( a p91 or ! head ( a nail4 ,n[ x is a good & desirable ?+1 truly1 to make _m p9s 9 a day2 b if we c\ld only see ) :at cry/al s& _! po9ts 7 poli%$1--s& ( human s\l1 mu* to be magnifi$ be=e x c be disc]n$ = :at x is1--we %\ld ?9k !re might be "s loss 9 x also4 ,& ! great cry t rises f all our manufactur+ cities1 l\d] ?an _! furnace bla/1 is all 9 v de$ = ?is1--t we manufacture ev]y?+ !re except m52 we blan* cotton1 & /r5g!n /eel1 & ref9e sug>1 & %ape pott]y2 b to bright51 to /r5g!n1 to ref9e1 or to =m a s+le liv+ _s1 nev] ent]s into our e/imate ( advantages4 ,& all ! evil to :i* t cry is urg+ our myriads c be met only 9 "o way3 n by tea*+ nor prea*+1 = to tea* !m is b to %[ !m _! mis]y1 & to prea* to !m1 if we d no?+ m ?an prea*1 is to mock at x4 ,x c be met only by a "r und]/&+1 on ! "p ( all classes1 ( :at k9ds ( labor are good = m51 rais+ !m1 & mak+ !m happy2 by a det]m9$ sacrifice ( su* conv5i5ce1 or beauty1 or *eapness z is to be got only by ! degradation ( ! workman2 & by equally det]m9$ dem& = ! products & results ( heal?y & ennobl+ labor4 ,,xvii4 ,& h[1 x w be ask$1 are ^! products to be recogniz$1 & ?is dem& to be regulat$8 ,easily3 by ! obs]vance ( ?ree broad & simple rules3 #a4 ,nev] enc\rage ! manufacture ( any article n absolutely necess>y1 9 ! production ( :i* ,inv5tion has no %>e4 #b4 ,nev] dem& an exact f9i% = its own sake1 b only = "s practical or noble end4 #c4 ,nev] enc\rage imitation or copy+ ( any k9d1 except = ! sake ( pres]v+ record ( great works4 ,! second ( ^! pr9ciples is ! only "o :i* directly rises out ( ! consid]ation ( our imm$iate subject2 b ,i %all briefly expla9 ! mean+ & ext5t ( ! fir/ also1 res]v+ ! en=cem5t ( ! ?ird = ano!r place4 #a4 ,nev] enc\rage ! manufacture ( any?+ n necess>y1 9 ! production ( :i* inv5tion has no %>e4 ,= in/ance4 ,glass beads are utt]ly unnecess>y1 & !re is no design or ?\ght employ$ 9 _! manufacture4 ,!y are =m$ by fir/ draw+ out ! glass into rods2 ^! rods are *opp$ up into fragm5ts ( ! size ( beads by ! human h&1 & ! fragm5ts are !n r\nd$ 9 ! furnace4 ,! m5 :o *op up ! rods sit at _! "w all day1 _! h&s vibrat+ ) a p]petual & exquisitely tim$ palsy1 & ! beads dropp+ b5ea? _! vibration l hail4 ,nei!r !y1 nor ! m5 :o draw out ! rods1 or fuse ! fragm5ts1 h ! smalle/ occasion = ! use ( any s+le human faculty2 & e "y lady1 !re=e1 :o buys glass beads is engag$ 9 ! slave-trade1 & 9 a mu* m cruel "o ?an t :i* we h s long be5 endeavor+ to put d[n4 ,b glass cups & vessels may become ! subjects ( exquisite inv5tion2 & if 9 buy+ ^! we pay = ! inv5tion1 t is to say = ! beautiful =m1 or color1 or engrav+1 & n = m]e f9i% ( execution1 we are do+ good to humanity4 ,,xviii4 ,s1 aga91 ! cutt+ ( preci\s /ones1 9 all ord9>y cases1 requires little ex]tion ( any m5tal faculty2 "s tact & judgm5t 9 avoid+ flaws1 & s on1 b no?+ to br+ out ! :ole m9d4 ,e p]son :o we>s cut jewels m]ely = ! sake ( _! value is1 !re=e1 a slave-driv]4 ,b ! work+ ( ! goldsmi?1 & ! v>i\s design+ ( gr\p$ jewell]y & enamel-"w1 may become ! subject ( ! mo/ noble human intellig5ce4 ,!re=e1 money sp5t 9 ! pur*ase ( well-design$ plate1 ( preci\s engrav$ vases1 cameos1 or enamels1 does good to humanity2 &1 9 "w ( ?is k9d1 jewels may be employ$ to height5 its spl5dor2 & _! cutt+ is !n a price paid = ! atta9m5t ( a noble end1 & ?us p]fectly all[able4 ,,xix4 ,i %all p]haps press ?is law f>!r else:]e1 b our imm$iate conc]n is *iefly ) ! second1 namely1 nev] to dem& an exact f9i%1 :5 x does n lead to a noble end4 ,= obs]ve1 ,i h only dwelt ^u ! rud5ess ( ,go?ic1 or any o!r k9d ( imp]fectness1 z admirable1 :]e x 0 impossible to get design or ?\ght )\t x4 ,if y are to h ! ?\ght ( a r\gh & untaught man1 y mu/ h x 9 a r\gh & untaught way2 b f an educat$ man1 :o c )\t ef=t express 8 ?\ghts 9 an educat$ way1 take ! graceful expression1 & be ?ankful4 ,only get ! ?\ght1 & d n sil5ce ! peasant because he _c speak good gramm>1 or until y h taught him 8 gramm>4 ,gramm> & ref9em5t are good ?+s1 bo?1 only be sure ( ! bett] ?+ fir/4 ,& ?us 9 art1 delicate f9i% is desirable f ! greate/ ma/]s1 & is always giv5 by !m4 ,9 "s places ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,leon>do1 ,phidias1 ,p]ug9o1 ,turn]1 all f9i%$ ) ! mo/ exquisite c>e2 & ! f9i% !y give always leads to ! full] accompli%m5t ( _! noble purposes4 ,b l[] m5 ?an ^! _c f9i%1 = x requires consummate k to f9i% consummately1 & !n we mu/ take _! ?\ghts z !y are able to give !m4 ,s ! rule is simple3 ,always look = inv5tion fir/1 & aft] t1 = su* execution z w help ! inv5tion1 & z ! inv5tor is capable ( )\t pa9ful ef=t1 & no m4 ,above all1 dem& no ref9em5t ( execution :]e !re is no ?\ght1 = t is slaves' "w1 unr$eem$4 ,r *oose r\gh "w ?an smoo? "w1 s only t ! practical purpose be answ]$1 & nev] imag9e !re is reason to be pr\d ( any?+ t may be accompli%$ by pati5ce & s&pap]4 ,,xx4 ,i %all only give "o example1 :i* h[ev] w %[ ! read] :at ,i mean1 f ! manufacture already allud$ to1 t ( glass4 ,our mod]n glass is exquisitely cle> 9 its sub/ance1 true 9 its =m1 accurate 9 its cutt+4 ,we are pr\d ( ?is4 ,we ought to be a%am$ ( x4 ,! old ,v5ice glass 0 muddy1 inaccurate 9 all its =ms1 & clumsily cut1 if at all4 ,& ! old ,v5etian 0 ju/ly pr\d ( x4 ,= !re is ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,engli% & ,v5etian workman1 t ! =m] ?9ks only ( accurately mat*+ 8 patt]ns1 & gett+ 8 curves p]fectly true & 8 edges p]fectly %>p1 & becomes a m]e ma*9e = r\nd+ curves & %>p5+ edges1 :ile ! old ,v5etian c>$ n a :it :e!r 8 edges 7 %>p or n1 b he inv5t$ a new design = e glass t he made1 & nev] m\ld$ a h&le or a lip )\t a new fancy 9 x4 ,& !re=e1 ?\gh "s ,v5etian glass is ugly & clumsy en\gh1 :5 made by clumsy & un9v5tive workm51 o!r ,v5etian glass is s lovely 9 its =ms t no price is too great = x2 & we nev] see ! same =m 9 x twice4 ,n[ y _c h ! f9i% & ! v>i$ =m too4 ,if ! workman is ?9k+ ab\t 8 edges1 he _c be ?9k+ ( 8 design2 if ( 8 design1 he _c ?9k ( 8 edges4 ,*oose :e!r y w pay = ! lovely =m or ! p]fect f9i%1 & *oose at ! same mom5t :e!r y w make ! work] a man or a gr9d/one4 ,,xxi4 ,nay1 b ! read] int]rupts me1--,if ! workman c design beautifully1 ,i w\ld n h him kept at ! furnace4 ,let him be tak5 away & made a g5tleman1 & h a /udio1 & design 8 glass !re1 & ,i w h x bl[n & cut = him by common workm51 & s ,i w h my design & my f9i% too4 ,all ideas ( ?is k9d are f\nd$ ^u two mi/ak5 suppositions3 ! fir/1 t "o man's ?\ghts c be1 or ought to be1 execut$ by ano!r man's h&s2 ! second1 t manual labor is a degradation1 :5 x is gov]n$ by intellect4 ,on a l>ge scale1 & 9 "w det]m9able by l9e & rule1 x is inde$ bo? possible & necess>y t ! ?\ghts ( "o man %\ld be c>ri$ out by ! labor ( o!rs2 9 ?is s5se ,i h already def9$ ! be/ ar*itecture to be ! expression ( ! m9d ( manhood by ! h&s ( *ildhood4 ,b on a small] scale1 & 9 a design :i* _c be ma!matically def9$1 "o man's ?\ghts c nev] be express$ by ano!r3 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! _s ( t\* ( ! man :o is inv5t+1 & ( ! man :o is obey+ directions1 is (t5 all ! diff]5ce betwe5 a great & a common "w ( art4 ,h[ wide ! sep>ation is betwe5 orig9al & second-h& execution1 ,i %all endeavor to %[ else:]e2 x is n s mu* to our purpose "h z to m>k ! o!r & m fatal error ( despis+ manual labor :5 gov]n$ by intellect2 = x is no less fatal an error to despise x :5 ?us regulat$ by intellect1 ?an to value x = its own sake4 ,we are always 9 ^! days endeavor+ to sep>ate ! two2 we want "o man to be always ?9k+1 & ano!r to be always work+1 & we call "o a g5tleman1 & ! o!r an op]ative2 :]eas ! workman ought (t5 to be ?9k+1 & ! ?9k] (t5 to be work+1 & bo? %\ld be g5tlem51 9 ! be/ s5se4 ,z x is1 we make bo? ung5tle1 ! "o envy+1 ! o!r despis+1 8 bro!r2 & ! mass ( society is made up ( morbid ?9k]s1 & mis]able work]s4 ,n[ x is only by labor t ?\ght c be made heal?y1 & only by ?\ght t labor c be made happy1 & ! two _c be sep>at$ ) impunity4 ,x w\ld be well if all ( u 7 good h&icraftsm5 9 "s k9d1 & ! di%onor ( manual labor done away ) altoge!r2 s t ?\gh !re %\ld /ill be a tr5*ant di/9ction ( race betwe5 nobles & common]s1 !re %\ld n1 among ! latt]1 be a tr5*ant di/9ction ( employm5t1 z betwe5 idle & work+ m51 or betwe5 m5 ( lib]al & illib]al pr(essions4 ,all pr(essions %\ld be lib]al1 & !re %\ld be less pride felt 9 peculi>ity ( employm5t1 & m 9 excell5ce ( a*ievem5t4 ,& yet m1 9 ea* sev]al pr(ession1 no ma/] %\ld be too pr\d to d its h>de/ "w4 ,! pa9t] %\ld gr9d 8 own colors2 ! ar*itect "w 9 ! mason's y>d ) 8 m52 ! ma/]-manufactur] be himself a m skilful op]ative ?an any man 9 8 mills2 & ! di/9ction betwe5 "o man & ano!r be only 9 exp]i5ce & skill1 & ! au?ority & weal? :i* ^! mu/ naturally & ju/ly obta94 ,,xxii4 ,i %\ld be l$ f> f ! matt] 9 h&1 if ,i 7 to pursue ?is int]e/+ subject4 ,en\gh1 ,i tru/1 has be5 said to %[ ! read] t ! rud5ess or imp]fection :i* at fir/ r5d]$ ! t]m ,go?ic "o ( reproa* is inde$1 :5 rightly und]/ood1 "o ( ! mo/ noble *>act]s ( ,*ri/ian ar*itecture1 & n only a noble b an ess5tial "o4 ,x seems a fanta/ic p>adox1 b x is nev]!less a mo/ important tru?1 t no ar*itecture c be truly noble :i* is n imp]fect4 ,& ?is is easily demon/rable4 ,= s9ce ! ar*itect1 :om we w suppose capable ( do+ all 9 p]fection1 _c execute ! :ole ) 8 own h&s1 he mu/ ei!r make slaves ( 8 workm5 9 ! old ,greek1 & pres5t ,engli% fa%ion1 & level 8 "w to a slave's capacities1 :i* is to degrade x2 or else he mu/ take 8 workm5 z he f9ds !m1 & let !m %[ _! weaknesses toge!r ) _! /r5g?1 :i* w involve ! ,go?ic imp]fection1 b r5d] ! :ole "w z noble z ! intellect ( ! age c make x4 ,,xxiii4 ,b ! pr9ciple may be /at$ m broadly /ill4 ,i h conf9$ ! illu/ration ( x to ar*itecture1 b ,i mu/ n leave x z if true ( ar*itecture only4 ,hi!rto ,i h us$ ! words imp]fect & p]fect m]ely to di/+ui% betwe5 "w grossly unskilful1 & "w execut$ ) av]age precision & sci5ce2 & ,i h be5 plead+ t any degree ( unskilfulness %\ld be admitt$1 s only t ! labor]'s m9d _h room = expression4 ,b1 accurately speak+1 no good "w :atev] c be p]fect1 & ! dem& = p]fection is always a sign ( a misund]/&+ ( ! ends ( art4 ,,xxiv4 ,?is = two reasons1 bo? bas$ on ev]la/+ laws4 ,! fir/1 t no great man ev] /ops work+ till he has rea*$ 8 po9t ( failure2 t is to say1 8 m9d is always f> 9 advance ( 8 p[]s ( execution1 & ! latt] w n[ & !n give way 9 try+ to foll[ x2 besides t he w always give to ! inf]ior portions ( 8 "w only su* inf]ior att5tion z !y require2 & accord+ to 8 greatness he becomes s accu/om$ to ! feel+ ( dissatisfaction ) ! be/ he c d1 t 9 mom5ts ( lassitude or ang] ) himself he w n c>e ?\gh ! behold] be dissatisfi$ also4 ,i believe !re has only be5 "o man :o w\ld n ackn[l$ge ?is necessity1 & /rove always to rea* p]fection1 ,leon>do2 ! end ( 8 va9 ef=t be+ m]ely t he w\ld take t5 ye>s to a picture1 & leave x unf9i%$4 ,& !re=e1 if we are to h great m5 work+ at all1 or less m5 do+ _! be/1 ! "w w be imp]fect1 h[ev] beautiful4 ,( human "w none b :at is bad c be p]fect1 9 its own bad way4#eh ,,xxv4 ,! second reason is1 t imp]fection is 9 "s sort ess5tial to all t we "k ( life4 ,x is ! sign ( life 9 a mortal body1 t is to say1 ( a /ate ( progress & *ange4 ,no?+ t lives is1 or c be1 rigidly p]fect2 "p ( x is decay+1 "p nasc5t4 ,! foxglove blossom1--a ?ird "p bud1 a ?ird "p pa/1 a ?ird "p 9 full bloom1--is a type ( ! life ( ?is _w4 ,& 9 all ?+s t live !re are c]ta91 irregul>ities & defici5cies :i* are n only signs ( life1 b s\rces ( beauty4 ,no human face is exactly ! same 9 its l9es on ea* side1 no leaf p]fect 9 its lobes1 no bran* 9 its symmetry4 ,all admit irregul>ity z !y imply *ange2 & to bani% imp]fection is to de/roy expression1 to *eck ex]tion1 to p>alyse vitality4 ,all ?+s are lit]ally bett]1 loveli]1 & m belov$ = ! imp]fections :i* h be5 div9ely appo9t$1 t ! law ( human life may be ,ef=t1 & ! law ( human judgm5t1 ,m]cy4 ,accept ?is !n = a univ]sal law1 t nei!r ar*itecture nor any o!r noble "w ( man c be good unless x be imp]fect2 & let u be prep>$ = ! o!rwise /range fact1 :i* we %all disc]n cle>ly z we approa* ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance1 t ! fir/ cause ( ! fall ( ! arts ( ,europe 0 a rel5tless requirem5t ( p]fection1 incapable alike ei!r ( be+ sil5c$ by v5]ation = greatness1 or s(t5$ into =giv5ess ( simplicity4 ,?us f> !n ( ! ,rud5ess or ,savag5ess1 :i* is ! fir/ m5tal elem5t ( ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,x is an elem5t 9 _m o!r heal?y ar*itectures also1 z 9 ,byzant9e & ,romanesque2 b true ,go?ic _c exi/ )\t x4 ,,xxvi4 ,! second m5tal elem5t above nam$ 0 ,,*angefulness1 or ,v>iety4 ,i h already en=c$ ! all[+ indep5d5t op]ation to ! inf]ior workman1 simply z a duty to him1 & z ennobl+ ! ar*itecture by r5d]+ x m ,*ri/ian4 ,we h n[ to consid] :at rew>d we obta9 = ! p]=mance ( ?is duty1 namely1 ! p]petual v>iety ( e feature ( ! build+4 ,:]ev] ! workman is utt]ly enslav$1 ! p>ts ( ! build+ mu/ ( c\rse be absolutely l ea* o!r2 = ! p]fection ( 8 execution c only be rea*$ by ex]cis+ him 9 do+ "o ?+1 & giv+ him no?+ else to d4 ,! degree 9 :i* ! workman is degrad$ may be ?us kn[n at a glance1 by obs]v+ :e!r ! sev]al p>ts ( ! build+ are simil> or n2 & if1 z 9 ,greek "w1 all ! capitals are alike1 & all ! m\ld+s unv>i$1 !n ! degradation is complete2 if1 z 9 ,egyptian or ,n9evite "w1 ?\gh ! mann] ( execut+ c]ta9 figures is always ! same1 ! ord] ( design is p]petually v>i$1 ! degradation is less total2 if1 z 9 ,go?ic "w1 !re is p]petual *ange bo? 9 design & execution1 ! workman mu/ h be5 altoge!r set free4 ,,xxvii4 ,h[ mu* ! behold] ga9s f ! lib]ty ( ! labor] may p]haps be que/ion$ 9 ,engl&1 :]e "o ( ! /ronge/ in/9cts 9 ne>ly e m9d is t ,love ( ,ord] :i* makes u desire t our h\se w9d[s %\ld pair l our c>riage horses1 & all[s u to yield our fai? unhesitat+ly to ar*itectural !ories :i* fix a =m = ev]y?+ & =bid v>iation f x4 ,i w\ld n impea* love ( ord]3 x is "o ( ! mo/ useful elem5ts ( ! ,engli% m9d2 x helps u 9 our comm]ce & 9 all purely practical matt]s2 & x is 9 _m cases "o ( ! f\ndation /ones ( morality4 ,only d n let u suppose t love ( ord] is love ( art4 ,x is true t ord]1 9 its highe/ s5se1 is "o ( ! necessities ( art1 j z "t is a necessity ( music2 b love ( ord] has no m to d ) our "r enjoym5t ( ar*itecture or pa9t+1 ?an love ( punctuality ) ! appreciation ( an op]a4 ,exp]i5ce1 ,i fe>1 tea*es u t accurate & me?odical habits 9 daily life are seldom *>act]i/ic ( ^? :o ei!r quickly p]ceive1 or ri*ly possess1 ! creative p[]s ( art2 !re is1 h[ev]1 no?+ inconsi/5t betwe5 ! two in/9cts1 & no?+ to h9d] u f reta9+ our bus9ess habits1 & yet fully all[+ & enjoy+ ! noble/ gifts ( ,inv5tion4 ,we already d s1 9 e o!r bran* ( art except ar*itecture1 & we only d n s !re because we h be5 taught t x w\ld be wrong4 ,our ar*itects gravely in=m u t1 z !re are f\r rules ( ari?metic1 !re are five ord]s ( ar*itecture2 we1 9 our simplicity1 ?9k t ?is s\nds consi/5t1 & believe !m4 ,!y in=m u also t !re is "o prop] =m = ,cor9?ian capitals1 ano!r = ,doric1 & ano!r = ,ionic4 ,we1 consid]+ t !re is also a prop] =m = ! lett]s ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 ?9k t ?is also s\nds consi/5t1 & accept ! proposition4 ,und]/&+1 !re=e1 t "o =m ( ! said capitals is prop]1 & no o!r1 & hav+ a consci5ti\s horror ( all impropriety1 we all[ ! ar*itect to provide u ) ! said capitals1 ( ! prop] =m1 9 su* & su* a quantity1 & 9 all o!r po9ts to take c>e t ! legal =ms are obs]v$2 :i* hav+ done1 we re/ 9 =c$ confid5ce t we are well h\s$4 ,,xxviii4 ,b our high] in/9cts are n deceiv$4 ,we take no pleasure 9 ! build+ provid$ = u1 resembl+ t :i* we take 9 a new book or a new picture4 ,we may be pr\d ( its size1 complac5t 9 its correctness1 & happy 9 its conv5i5ce4 ,we may take ! same pleasure 9 its symmetry & workman%ip z 9 a well-ord]$ room1 or a skilful piece ( manufacture4 ,& ?is we suppose to be all ! pleasure t ar*itecture 0 ev] int5d$ to give u4 ,! idea ( read+ a build+ z we w\ld read ,milton or ,dante1 & gett+ ! same k9d ( delight out ( ! /ones z out ( ! /anzas1 nev] ent]s our m9ds = a mom5t4 ,& = good reason3--,!re is inde$ rhy?m 9 ! v]ses1 q z /rict z ! symmetries or rhy?m ( ! ar*itecture1 & a ?\s& times m beautiful1 b !re is some?+ else ?an rhy?m4 ,! v]ses 7 nei!r made to ord]1 nor to mat*1 z ! capitals 72 & we h !re=e a k9d ( pleasure 9 !m o!r ?an a s5se ( propriety4 ,b x requires a /rong ef=t ( common s5se to %ake ourselves quit ( all t we h be5 taught = ! la/ two c5turies1 & wake to ! p]ception ( a tru? j z simple & c]ta9 z x is new3 t great art1 :e!r express+ itself 9 words1 colors1 or /ones1 does n say ! same ?+ ov] & ov] aga92 t ! m]it ( ar*itectural1 z ( e o!r art1 consi/s 9 its say+ new & diff]5t ?+s2 t to repeat itself is no m a *>act]i/ic ( g5ius 9 m>ble ?an x is ( g5ius 9 pr9t2 & t we may1 )\t (f5d+ any laws ( good ta/e1 require ( an ar*itect1 z we d ( a noveli/1 t he %\ld be n only correct1 b ent]ta9+4 ,yet all ?is is true1 & self-evid5t2 only hidd5 f u1 z _m o!r self-evid5t ?+s are1 by false tea*+4 ,no?+ is a great "w ( art1 = ! production ( :i* ei!r rules or models c be giv54 ,exactly s f> z ar*itecture works on kn[n rules1 & f giv5 models1 x is n an art1 b a manufacture2 & x is1 ( ! two proc$ures1 r less rational 7because m easy7 to copy capitals or m\ld+s f ,phidias1 & call ourselves ar*itects1 ?an to copy heads & h&s f ,titian1 & call ourselves pa9t]s4 ,,xxix4 ,let u !n und]/& at once1 t *ange or v>iety is z mu* a necessity to ! human he>t & bra9 9 build+s z 9 books2 t !re is no m]it1 ?\gh !re is "s occasional use1 9 monotony2 & t we mu/ no m expect to d]ive ei!r pleasure or pr(it f an ar*itecture ^: ornam5ts are ( "o patt]n1 & ^: pill>s are ( "o proportion1 ?an we %\ld out ( a univ]se 9 :i* ! cl\ds 7 all ( "o %ape1 & ! trees all ( "o size4 ,,xxx4 ,& ?is we confess 9 de$s1 ?\gh n 9 words4 ,all ! pleasure :i* ! p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury take 9 art1 is 9 pictures1 sculpture1 m9or objects ( virt1 or m$ival ar*itecture1 :i* we enjoy "u ! t]m picturesque3 no pleasure is tak5 any:]e 9 mod]n build+s1 & we f9d all m5 ( true feel+ delight+ to escape out ( mod]n cities into natural sc5]y3 h5ce1 z ,i %all h]eaft] %[1 t peculi> love ( l&scape :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! age4 ,x w\ld be well1 if1 9 all o!r matt]s1 we 7 z ready to put up ) :at we dislike1 = ! sake ( compliance ) e/abli%$ law1 z we are 9 ar*itecture4 ,,xxxi4 ,h[ s debas$ a law ev] came to be e/abli%$1 we %all see :5 we come to describe ! ,r5aissance s*ools3 "h we h only to note1 z ! second mo/ ess5tial elem5t ( ! ,go?ic _s1 t x broke ?r\gh t law :]ev] x f\nd x 9 exi/5ce2 x n only d>$1 b delight$ 91 ! infr+em5t ( e s]vile pr9ciple2 & inv5t$ a s]ies ( =ms ( :i* ! m]it 01 n m]ely t !y 7 new1 b t !y 7 capable ( p]petual novelty4 ,! po9t$ ar* 0 n m]ely a bold v>iation f ! r\nd1 b x admitt$ ( millions ( v>iations 9 itself2 = ! proportions ( a po9t$ ar* are *angeable to inf9ity1 :ile a circul> ar* is always ! same4 ,! gr\p$ %aft 0 n m]ely a bold v>iation f ! s+le "o1 b x admitt$ ( millions ( v>iations 9 its gr\p+1 & 9 ! proportions resultant f its gr\p+4 ,! introduction ( trac]y 0 n only a />tl+ *ange 9 ! treatm5t ( w9d[ lights1 b admitt$ endless *anges 9 ! int]lacem5t ( ! trac]y b>s !mselves4 ,s t1 :ile 9 all liv+ ,*ri/ian ar*itecture ! love ( v>iety exi/s1 ! ,go?ic s*ools exhibit$ t love 9 culm9at+ en]gy2 & _! influ5ce1 :]ev] x ext5d$ itself1 may be soon] & f>!r trac$ by ?is "* ?an by any o!r2 ! t5d5cy to ! adoption ( ,go?ic types be+ always fir/ %[n by great] irregul>ity & ri*] v>iation 9 ! =ms ( ! ar*itecture x is ab\t to sup]s$e1 long be=e ! appe>ance ( ! po9t$ ar* or ( any o!r recognizable outw>d sign ( ! ,go?ic m9d4 ,,xxxii4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 h]e9 note c>efully :at di/9ction !re is betwe5 a heal?y & a diseas$ love ( *ange2 = z x 0 9 heal?y love ( *ange t ! ,go?ic ar*itecture rose1 x 0 p>tly 9 consequ5ce ( diseas$ love ( *ange t x 0 de/roy$4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ?is cle>ly1 x w be necess>y to consid] ! diff]5t ways 9 :i* *ange & monotony are pres5t$ to u 9 nature2 bo? hav+ _! use1 l d>kness & light1 & ! "o incapable ( be+ enjoy$ )\t ! o!r3 *ange be+ mo/ delightful aft] "s prolongation ( monotony1 z light appe>s mo/ brilliant aft] ! eyes h be5 = "s "t clos$4 ,,xxxiii4 ,i believe t ! true relations ( monotony & *ange may be mo/ simply und]/ood by obs]v+ !m 9 music4 ,we may !re9 notice1 fir/1 t !re is a sublimity & maje/y 9 monotony :i* !re is n 9 rapid or frequ5t v>iation4 ,?is is true ?r\gh\t all nature4 ,! great] "p ( ! sublimity ( ! sea dep5ds on its monotony2 s also t ( desolate moor & m\nta9 sc5]y2 & especially ! sublimity ( motion1 z 9 ! quiet1 un*ang$ fall & rise ( an eng9e beam4 ,s also !re is sublimity 9 d>kness :i* !re is n 9 light4 ,,xxxiv4 ,aga91 monotony aft] a c]ta9 "t1 or beyond a c]ta9 degree1 becomes ei!r un9t]e/+ or intol]able1 & ! musician is oblig$ to break x 9 "o or two ways3 ei!r :ile ! air or passage is p]petually repeat$1 its notes are v>i\sly enri*$ & h>moniz$2 or else1 aft] a c]ta9 numb] ( repeat$ passages1 an entirely new passage is introduc$1 :i* is m or less delightful accord+ to ! l5g? ( ! previ\s monotony4 ,nature1 ( c\rse1 uses bo? ^! k9ds ( v>iation p]petually4 ,! sea-waves1 resembl+ ea* o!r 9 g5]al mass1 b none l its bro!r 9 m9or divisions & curves1 are a monotony ( ! fir/ k9d2 ! great pla91 brok5 by an em]g5t rock or clump ( trees1 is a monotony ( ! second4 ,,xxxv4 ,f>!r3 9 ord] to ! enjoym5t ( ! *ange 9 ei!r case1 a c]ta9 degree ( pati5ce is requir$ f ! he>] or obs]v]4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 he mu/ be satisfi$ to endure ) pati5ce ! recurr5ce ( ! great masses ( s\nd or =m1 & to seek = ent]ta9m5t 9 a c>eful wat*fulness ( ! m9or details4 ,9 ! second case1 he mu/ be> pati5tly ! infliction ( ! monotony = "s mom5ts1 9 ord] to feel ! full refre%m5t ( ! *ange4 ,?is is true ev5 ( ! %orte/ musical passage 9 :i* ! elem5t ( monotony is employ$4 ,9 cases ( m maje/ic monotony1 ! pati5ce requir$ is s consid]able t x becomes a k9d ( pa91--a price paid = ! future pleasure4 ,,xxxvi4 ,aga93 ! tal5t ( ! compos] is n 9 ! monotony1 b 9 ! *anges3 he may %[ feel+ & ta/e by 8 use ( monotony 9 c]ta9 places or degrees2 t is to say1 by 8 v>i\s employm5t ( x2 b x is always 9 ! new arrangem5t or inv5tion t 8 intellect is %[n1 & n 9 ! monotony :i* relieves x4 ,la/ly3 if ! pleasure ( *ange be too (t5 repeat$1 x ceases to be delightful1 = !n *ange itself becomes monoton\s1 & we are driv5 to seek delight 9 extreme & fanta/ic degrees ( x4 ,?is is ! diseas$ love ( *ange ( :i* we h above spok54 ,,xxxvii4 ,f ^! facts we may ga!r g5]ally t monotony is1 & ought to be1 9 itself pa9ful to u1 j z d>kness is2 t an ar*itecture :i* is altoge!r monoton\s is a d>k or dead ar*itecture2 &1 ( ^? :o love x1 x may be truly said1 !y love d>kness r ?an light4 ,b monotony 9 c]ta9 measure1 us$ 9 ord] to give value to *ange1 &1 above all1 t transp>5t monotony :i*1 l ! %ad[s ( a great pa9t]1 suff]s all mann] ( dimly sugge/$ =m to be se5 ?r\gh ! body ( x1 is an ess5tial 9 ar*itectural z 9 all o!r composition2 & ! endurance ( monotony has ab\t ! same place 9 a heal?y m9d t ! endurance ( d>kness has3 t is to say1 z a /rong intellect w h pleasure 9 ! solemnities ( /orm & twilight1 & 9 ! brok5 & my/]i\s lights t gleam among !m1 r ?an 9 m]e brilliancy & gl>e1 :ile a frivol\s m9d w dread ! %ad[ & ! /orm2 & z a great man w be ready to endure mu* d>kness ( =tune 9 ord] to rea* great] em95ce ( p[] or felicity1 :ile an inf]ior man w n pay ! price2 exactly 9 l mann] a great m9d w accept1 or ev5 delight 91 monotony :i* w\ld be we>isome to an inf]ior intellect1 because x has m pati5ce & p[] ( expectation1 & is ready to pay ! full price = ! great future pleasure ( *ange4 ,b 9 all cases x is n t ! noble nature loves monotony1 any m ?an x loves d>kness or pa94 ,b x c be> ) x1 & receives a high pleasure 9 ! endurance or pati5ce1 a pleasure necess>y to ! well-be+ ( ?is _w2 :ile ^? :o w n submit to ! tempor>y sam5ess1 b ru% f "o *ange to ano!r1 gradually dull ! edge ( *ange itself1 & br+ a %ad[ & we>9ess ov] ! :ole _w f :i* !re is no m escape4 ,,xxxviii4 ,f ^! g5]al uses ( v>iety 9 ! economy ( ! _w1 we may at once und]/& its use & abuse 9 ar*itecture4 ,! v>iety ( ! ,go?ic s*ools is ! m heal?y & beautiful1 because 9 _m cases x is entirely un/udi$1 & results1 n f ! m]e love ( *ange1 b f practical necessities4 ,= 9 "o po9t ( view ,go?ic is n only ! be/1 b ! only rational ar*itecture1 z be+ t :i* c fit itself mo/ easily to all s]vices1 vulg> or noble4 ,undef9$ 9 its slope ( ro(1 height ( %aft1 bread? ( ar*1 or disposition ( gr\nd plan1 x c %r9k into a turret1 exp& into a hall1 coil into a /aircase1 or spr+ into a spire1 ) undegrad$ grace & unexhau/$ en]gy2 & :5ev] x f9ds occasion = *ange 9 its =m or purpose1 x submits to x )\t ! slighte/ s5se ( loss ei!r to its unity or maje/y1--subtle & flexible l a fi]y s]p5t1 b ev] att5tive to ! voice ( ! *>m]4 ,& x is "o ( ! *ief virtues ( ! ,go?ic build]s1 t !y nev] suff]$ ideas ( outside symmetries & consi/5cies to int]f]e ) ! real use & value ( :at !y did4 ,if !y want$ a w9d[1 !y op5$ "o2 a room1 !y add$ "o2 a buttress1 !y built "o2 utt]ly reg>dless ( any e/abli%$ conv5tionalities ( ext]nal appe>ance1 kn[+ 7z inde$ x always happ5$7 t su* d>+ int]ruptions ( ! =mal plan w\ld r give additional int]e/ to its symmetry ?an injure x4 ,s t1 9 ! be/ times ( ,go?ic1 a useless w9d[ w\ld r h be5 op5$ 9 an unexpect$ place = ! sake ( ! surprise1 ?an a useful "o =bidd5 = ! sake ( symmetry4 ,e successive ar*itect1 employ$ ^u a great "w1 built ! pieces he add$ 9 8 own way1 utt]ly reg>dless ( ! /yle adopt$ by 8 pr$ecessors2 & if two t[]s 7 rais$ 9 nom9al correspond5ce at ! sides ( a ca!dral front1 "o 0 ne>ly sure to be diff]5t f ! o!r1 & 9 ea* ! /yle at ! top to be diff]5t f ! /yle at ! bottom4#ei ,,xxxix4 ,^! m>k$ v>iations 71 h[ev]1 only p]mitt$ z "p ( ! great sy/em ( p]petual *ange :i* ran ?r\gh e memb] ( ,go?ic design1 & r5d]$ x z endless a field = ! behold]'s inquiry1 z = ! build]'s imag9ation3 *ange1 :i* 9 ! be/ s*ools is subtle & delicate1 & r5d]$ m delightful by int]m+l+ ( a noble monotony2 9 ! m b>b>ic s*ools is some:at fanta/ic & r$undant2 b1 9 all1 a necess>y & con/ant condition ( ! life ( ! s*ool4 ,sometimes ! v>iety is 9 "o feature1 sometimes 9 ano!r2 x may be 9 ! capitals or crockets1 9 ! ni*es or ! trac]ies1 or 9 all toge!r1 b 9 "s "o or o!r ( ! features x w be f\nd always4 ,if ! m\ld+s are con/ant1 ! surface sculpture w *ange2 if ! capitals are ( a fix$ design1 ! trac]ies w *ange2 if ! trac]ies are monoton\s1 ! capitals w *ange2 & if ev51 z 9 "s f9e s*ools1 ! e>ly ,engli% = example1 !re is ! slighte/ approximation to an unv>y+ type ( m\ld+s1 capitals1 & floral decoration1 ! v>iety is f\nd 9 ! disposition ( ! masses1 & 9 ! figure sculpture4 ,,xl4 ,i mu/ n[ ref] = a mom5t1 be=e we quit ! consid]ation ( ?is1 ! second m5tal elem5t ( ,go?ic1 to ! op5+ ( ! ?ird *apt] ( ! ,sev5 ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture1 9 :i* ! di/9ction 0 drawn 7 #b7 betwe5 man ga!r+ & man gov]n+2 betwe5 8 acceptance ( ! s\rces ( delight f nature1 & 8 developem5t ( au?oritative or imag9ative p[] 9 _! arrangem5t3 = ! two m5tal elem5ts1 n only ( ,go?ic1 b ( all good ar*itecture1 :i* we h j be5 exam9+1 belong to x1 & are admirable 9 x1 *iefly z x is1 m ?an any o!r subject ( art1 ! "w ( man1 & ! expression ( ! av]age p[] ( man4 ,a picture or poem is (t5 little m ?an a feeble utt]ance ( man's admiration ( some?+ out ( himself2 b ar*itecture approa*es m to a creation ( 8 own1 born ( 8 necessities1 & expressive ( 8 nature4 ,x is also1 9 "s sort1 ! "w ( ! :ole race1 :ile ! picture or /atue are ! "w ( "o only1 9 mo/ cases m highly gift$ ?an 8 fell[s4 ,& !re=e we may expect t ! fir/ two elem5ts ( good ar*itecture %\ld be expressive ( "s great tru?s commonly belong+ to ! :ole race1 & necess>y to be und]/ood or felt by !m 9 all _! "w t !y d "u ! sun4 ,& obs]ve :at !y are3 ! confession ( ,imp]fection & ! confession ( ,desire ( ,*ange4 ,! build+ ( ! bird & ! bee ne$s n express any?+ l ?is4 ,x is p]fect & un*ang+4 ,b j because we are some?+ bett] ?an birds or bees1 our build+ mu/ confess t we h n rea*$ ! p]fection we c imag9e1 & _c re/ 9 ! condition we h atta9$4 ,if we pret5d to h rea*$ ei!r p]fection or satisfaction1 we h degrad$ ourselves & our "w4 ,god's "w only may express t2 b ours may nev] h t s5t5ce writt5 ^u x1--,& behold1 x 0 v good4 ,&1 obs]ve aga91 x is n m]ely z x r5d]s ! edifice a book ( v>i\s k1 or a m9e ( preci\s ?\ght1 t v>iety is ess5tial to its nobl5ess4 ,! vital pr9ciple is n ! love ( ,k1 b ! love ( ,*ange4 ,x is t /range disquietude ( ! ,go?ic _s t is its greatness2 t re/lessness ( ! dream+ m9d1 t w&]s hi!r & ?i!r among ! ni*es1 & flick]s fev]i%ly ar\nd ! p9nacles1 & frets & fades 9 labyr9?9e knots & %ad[s along wall & ro(1 & yet is n satisfi$1 nor %all be satisfi$4 ,! ,greek c\ld /ay 9 8 triglyph furr[1 & be at peace2 b ! "w ( ! ,go?ic he>t is fretwork /ill1 & x c nei!r re/ 91 nor f1 its labor1 b mu/ pass on1 sleeplessly1 until its love ( *ange %all be pacifi$ = ev] 9 ! *ange t mu/ come alike on !m t wake & !m t sleep4 ,,xli4 ,! ?ird con/itu5t elem5t ( ! ,go?ic m9d 0 /at$ to be ,,naturalism2 t is to say1 ! love ( natural objects = _! own sake1 & ! ef=t to repres5t !m frankly1 uncon/ra9$ by arti/ical laws4 ,?is *>act]i/ic ( ! /yle p>tly foll[s 9 necess>y connexion ) ^? nam$ above4 ,=1 s soon z ! workman is left free to repres5t :at subjects he *ooses1 he mu/ look to ! nature t is r\nd him = mat]ial1 & w endeavor to repres5t x z he sees x1 ) m or less accuracy accord+ to ! skill he possesses1 & ) mu* play ( fancy1 b ) small respect = law4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a m>k$ di/9ction betwe5 ! imag9ations ( ! ,we/]n & ,ea/]n races1 ev5 :5 bo? are left free2 ! ,we/]n1 or ,go?ic1 delight+ mo/ 9 ! repres5tation ( facts1 & ! ,ea/]n 7,arabian1 ,p]sian1 & ,*9ese7 9 ! h>mony ( colors & =ms4 ,ea* ( ^! intellectual dispositions has its p>ticul> =ms ( error & abuse1 :i*1 ?\gh ,i h (t5 be=e /at$1 ,i mu/ "h aga9 briefly expla92 & ?is ! r1 because ! ^w ,naturalism is1 9 "o ( its s5ses1 ju/ly us$ z a t]m ( reproa*1 & ! que/ions respect+ ! real relations ( art & nature are s _m & s confus$ ?r\gh\t all ! s*ools ( ,europe at ?is day1 t ,i _c cle>ly enunciate any s+le tru? )\t appe>+ to admit1 9 fell[%ip ) x1 "s k9d ( error1 unless ! read] w be> ) me 9 ent]+ into su* an analysis ( ! subject z w s]ve u = g5]al guidance4 ,,xlii4 ,we are to rememb]1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! arrangem5t ( colors & l9es is an art analog\s to ! composition#fj ( music1 & entirely indep5d5t ( ! repres5tation ( facts4 ,good color+ does n necess>ily convey ! image ( any?+ b itself4 ,x consi/s 9 c]ta9 proportions & arrangem5ts ( rays ( light1 b n 9 lik5esses to any?+4 ,a few t\*es ( c]ta9 greys & purples laid by a ma/]'s h& on :ite pap]1 w be good color+2 z m t\*es are add$ beside !m1 we may f9d out t !y 7 int5d$ to repres5t a dove's neck1 & we may praise1 z ! draw+ advances1 ! p]fect imitation ( ! dove's neck4 ,b ! good color+ does n consi/ 9 t imitation1 b 9 ! ab/ract qualities & relations ( ! grey & purple4 ,9 l mann]1 z soon z a great sculptor beg9s to %ape 8 "w out ( ! block1 we %all see t its l9es are nobly arrang$1 & ( noble "*4 ,we may n h ! slighte/ idea = :at ! =ms are int5d$1 :e!r !y are ( man or bea/1 ( vegetation or drap]y4 ,_! lik5ess to any?+ does n affect _! nobl5ess4 ,!y are magnific5t =ms1 & t is all we ne$ c>e to "k ( !m1 9 ord] to say :e!r ! workman is a good or bad sculptor4 ,,xliii4 ,n[ ! noble/ art is an exact unison ( ! ab/ract value1 ) ! imitative p[]1 ( =ms & colors4 ,x is ! noble/ composition1 us$ to express ! noble/ facts4 ,b ! human m9d _c 9 g5]al unite ! two p]fections3 x ei!r pursues ! fact to ! neglect ( ! composition1 or pursues ! composition to ! neglect ( ! fact4 ,,xliv4 ,& x is int5d$ by ! ,deity t x %\ld d ?is2 ! be/ art is n always want$4 ,facts are (t5 want$ )\t art1 z 9 a geological diagram2 & art (t5 )\t facts1 z 9 a ,turkey c>pet4 ,& mo/ m5 h be5 made capable ( giv+ ei!r "o or ! o!r1 b n bo?2 only "o or two1 ! v highe/1 c give bo?4 ,obs]ve !n4 ,m5 are univ]sally divid$1 z respects _! arti/ical qualifications1 into ?ree great classes2 a "r1 a left1 & a c5tre4 ,on ! "r side are ! m5 ( facts1 on ! left ! m5 ( design1#fa 9 ! c5tre ! m5 ( bo?4 ,! ?ree classes ( c\rse pass into ea* o!r by imp]ceptible gradations4 ,! m5 ( facts are h>dly ev] altoge!r )\t p[]s ( design2 ! m5 ( design are always 9 "s measure cognizant ( facts2 & z ea* class possesses m or less ( ! p[]s ( ! opposite "o1 x approa*es to ! "* ( ! c5tral class4 ,few m51 ev5 9 t c5tral rank1 are s exactly ?ron$ on ! summit ( ! cre/ t !y _c be p]ceiv$ to incl9e 9 ! lea/ "o way or ! o!r1 embrac+ bo? horizons ) _! glance4 ,n[ ea* ( ^! classes has1 z ,i above said1 a heal?y function 9 ! _w1 & correlative diseases or unheal?y functions2 &1 :5 ! "w ( ei!r ( !m is se5 9 its morbid condition1 we are apt to f9d fault ) ! class ( workm51 in/ead ( f9d+ fault only ) ! p>ticul> abuse :i* has p]v]t$ _! action4 ,,xlv4 ,let u fir/ take an in/ance ( ! heal?y action ( ! ?ree classes on a simple subject1 s z fully to und]/& ! di/9ction betwe5 !m1 & !n we %all m easily exam9e ! corruptions to :i* !y are liable4 ,fig4 #a 9 ,plate ,,vi4 is a spray ( v9e ) a b\gh ( *]ry-tree1 :i* ,i h outl9$ f nature z accurately z ,i c\ld1 )\t 9 ! lea/ endeavor+ to compose or arrange ! =m4 ,x is a simple piece ( fact-"w1 heal?y & good z su*1 & useful to any "o :o want$ to "k pla9 tru?s ab\t t5drils ( v9es1 b !re is no attempt at design 9 x4 ,plate ,,xix41 bel[1 repres5ts a bran* ( v9e us$ to decorate ! angle ( ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,x is fai?ful z a repres5tation ( v9e1 & yet s design$ t e leaf s]ves an ar*itectural purpose1 & c\ld n be sp>$ f its place )\t h>m4 ,?is is c5tral "w2 fact & design toge!r4 ,fig4 #b 9 ,plate ,,vi4 is a sp&ril f ,/4 ,m>k's1 9 :i* ! =ms ( ! v9e are dimly sugge/$1 ! object ( ! design be+ m]ely to obta9 graceful l9es & well proportion$ masses ^u ! gold gr\nd4 ,!re is n ! lea/ attempt to in=m ! spectator ( any facts ab\t ! gr[? ( ! v9e2 !re are no /alks or t5drils1--m]ely runn+ b&s ) leaves em]g5t f !m1 ( :i* no?+ b ! outl9e is tak5 f ! v9e1 & ev5 t imp]fectly4 ,?is is design1 unreg>dful ( facts4 ,n[ ! "w is1 9 all ^! ?ree cases1 p]fectly heal?y4 ,fig4 #a is n bad "w because x has n design1 nor ,fig4 #b bad "w because x has n facts4 ,! object ( ! "o is to give pleasure ?r\gh tru?1 & ( ! o!r to give pleasure ?r\gh composition4 ,& bo? are "r4 ,:at1 !n1 are ! diseas$ op]ations to :i* ! ?ree classes ( workm5 are liable8 ,,xlvi4 ,prim>ily1 two2 affect+ ! two inf]ior classes3 #a/1 ,:5 ei!r ( ^? two classes ,despises ! o!r3 #bnd1 ,:5 ei!r ( ! two classes ,envies ! o!r2 produc+1 !re=e1 f\r =ms ( dang]\s error4 ,fir/1 :5 ! m5 ( facts despise design4 ,?is is ! error ( ! common ,dut* pa9t]s1 ( m]ely imitative pa9t]s ( /ill life1 fl[]s1 c41 & o!r m5 :o1 hav+ ei!r ! gift ( accurate imitation or /rong sympa?ies ) nature1 suppose t all is done :5 ! imitation is p]fect$ or sympa?y express$4 ,a l>ge body ( ,engli% l&scapi/s come into ?is class1 includ+ mo/ clev] sket*]s f nature1 :o fancy t to get a sky ( true tone1 & a gleam ( sun%9e or sweep ( %[] fai?fully express$1 is all t c be requir$ ( art4 ,^! m5 are g5]ally !mselves answ]able = mu* ( _! deadness ( feel+ to ! high] qualities ( composition4 ,!y probably h n orig9ally ! high gifts ( design1 b !y lose su* p[]s z !y orig9ally possess$ by despis+1 & refus+ to /udy1 ! results ( great p[] ( design 9 o!rs4 ,_! k1 z f> z x goes1 be+ accurate1 !y are usually presumptu\s & self-conceit$1 & gradually become incapable ( admir+ any?+ b :at is l _! own works4 ,!y see no?+ 9 ! works ( great design]s b ! faults1 & d h>m almo/ incalculable 9 ! ,european society ( ! pres5t day by sne]+ at ! compositions ( ! greate/ m5 ( ! e>li] ages1#fb because !y d n absolutely tally ) _! own ideas ( ,nature4 ,,xlvii4 ,! second =m ( error is :5 ! m5 ( design despise facts4 ,all noble design mu/ deal ) facts to a c]ta9 ext5t1 = !re is no food = x b 9 nature4 ,! be/ colori/ inv5ts be/ by tak+ h9ts f natural colors2 f birds1 skies1 or gr\ps ( figures4 ,& if1 9 ! delight ( inv5t+ fanta/ic color & =m ! tru?s ( nature are wilfully neglect$1 ! intellect becomes comp>atively decrepit1 & t /ate ( art results :i* we f9d among ! ,*9ese4 ,! ,greek design]s delight$ 9 ! facts ( ! human =m1 & became great 9 consequ5ce2 b ! facts ( l[] nature 7 disreg>d$ by !m1 & _! inf]ior ornam5t became1 !re=e1 dead & valueless4 ,,xlviii4 ,! ?ird =m ( error is :5 ! m5 ( facts envy design3 t is to say1 :51 hav+ only imitative p[]s1 !y refuse to employ ^? p[]s ^u ! visible _w ar\nd !m2 b1 hav+ be5 taught t composition is ! end ( art1 /rive to obta9 ! inv5tive p[]s :i* nature has d5i$ !m1 /udy no?+ b ! works ( reput$ design]s1 & p]i% 9 a fung\s gr[? ( plagi>ism & laws ( art4 ,"h 0 ! great error ( ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury2 x is ! error ( ! meane/ k9d ( m5 t employ !mselves 9 pa9t+1 & x is ! mo/ fatal ( all1 r5d]+ ^? :o fall into x utt]ly useless1 incapable ( help+ ! _w ) ei!r tru? or fancy1 :ile1 9 all probability1 !y deceive x by base resemblances ( bo?1 until x h>dly recognizes tru? or fancy :5 !y really exi/4 ,,xlix4 ,! f\r? =m ( error is :5 ! m5 ( design envy facts2 t is to say1 :5 ! temptation ( closely imitat+ nature leads !m to =get _! own prop] ornam5tal function1 & :5 !y lose ! p[] ( ! composition = ! sake ( graphic tru?2 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! haw?orn m\ld+ s (t5 spok5 ( r\nd ! por* ( ,b\rges ,ca!dral1 :i*1 ?\gh v lovely1 might p]haps1 z we saw above1 h be5 bett]1 if ! old build]1 9 8 excessive desire to make x look l haw?orn1 _h n pa9t$ x gre54 ,l4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 c>efully to be not$1 t ! two morbid conditions to :i* ! m5 ( facts are liable are mu* m dang]\s & h>mful ?an ^? to :i* ! m5 ( design are liable4 ,! morbid /ate ( m5 ( design injures !mselves only2 t ( ! m5 ( facts injures ! :ole _w4 ,! ,*9ese porcela9-pa9t] is1 inde$1 n s great a man z he might be1 b he does n want to break ev]y?+ t is n porcela92 b ! mod]n ,engli% fact-hunt]1 despis+ design1 wants to de/roy ev]y?+ t does n agree ) 8 own notions ( tru?1 & becomes ! mo/ dang]\s & despicable ( iconocla/s1 excit$ by egotism in/ead ( religion4 ,aga93 ! ,b\rges sculptor1 pa9t+ 8 haw?orns gre51 did inde$ some:at hurt ! effect ( 8 own beautiful design1 b did n prev5t any "o f lov+ haw?orn3 b ,sir ,george ,beaumont1 try+ to make ,con/able pa9t grass br[n in/ead ( gre51 0 sett+ himself betwe5 ,con/able & nature1 bl9d+ ! pa9t]1 & blasphem+ ! "w ( ,god4 ,,li4 ,s mu*1 !n1 ( ! diseases ( ! inf]ior classes1 caus$ by _! envy+ or despis+ ea* o!r4 ,x is evid5t t ! m5 ( ! c5tral class _c be liable to any morbid op]ation ( ?is k9d1 !y possess+ ! p[]s ( bo?4 ,b !re is ano!r ord] ( diseases :i* affect all ! ?ree classes1 consid]$ ) respect to _! pursuit ( facts4 ,= obs]ve1 all ! ?ree classes are 9 "s degree pursu]s ( facts2 ev5 ! m5 ( design n be+ 9 any case altoge!r indep5d5t ( ext]nal tru?4 ,n[1 consid]+ !m all z m or less se>*]s aft] tru?1 !re is ano!r triple division to be made ( !m4 ,ev]y?+ pres5t$ to !m 9 nature has good & evil m+l$ 9 x3 & arti/s1 consid]$ z se>*]s aft] tru?1 are aga9 to be divid$ into ?ree great classes1 a "r1 a left1 & a c5tre4 ,^? on ! "r p]ceive1 & pursue1 ! good1 & leave ! evil3 ^? 9 ! c5tre1 ! greate/1 p]ceive & pursue ! good & evil toge!r1 ! :ole ?+ z x v]ily is3 ^? on ! left p]ceive & pursue ! evil1 & leave ! good4 ,,lii4 ,! fir/ class1 ,i say1 take ! good & leave ! evil4 ,out ( :atev] is pres5t$ to !m1 !y ga!r :at x has ( grace1 & life1 & light1 & hol9ess1 & leave all1 or at lea/ z mu* z possible1 ( ! re/ undrawn4 ,! faces ( _! figures express no evil passions2 ! skies ( _! l&scapes are )\t /orm2 ! preval5t "* ( _! color is brightness1 & ( _! *i>oscuro fulness ( light4 ,! e>ly ,italian & ,flemi% pa9t]s1 ,angelico & ,heml+1 ,p]ug9o1 ,francia1 ,raffaelle 9 8 be/ "t1 ,john ,bell9i1 & our own ,/o?>d1 belong em95tly to ?is class4 ,,liii4 ,! second1 or greate/ class1 r5d] all t !y see 9 nature unhesitat+ly1 ) a k9d ( div9e grasp & gov]nm5t ( ! :ole1 sympa?iz+ ) all ! good1 & yet confess+1 p]mitt+1 & br++ good out ( ! evil also4 ,_! subject is inf9ite z nature1 _! color equally balanc$ betwe5 spl5dor & sadness1 rea*+ occasionally ! highe/ degrees ( bo?1 & _! *i>oscuro equally balanc$ betwe5 light & %ade4 ,! pr9cipal m5 ( ?is class are ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,leon>do1 ,giotto1 ,t9toret1 & ,turn]4 ,raffaelle 9 8 second "t1 ,titian1 & ,rub5s are transitional2 ! fir/ incl9+ to ! eclectic1 & ! la/ two to ! impure class1 ,raffaelle r>ely giv+ all ! evil1 ,titian & ,rub5s r>ely all ! good4 ,,liv4 ,! la/ class p]ceive & imitate evil only4 ,!y _c draw ! trunk ( a tree )\t bla/+ & %att]+ x1 nor a sky except cov]$ ) /ormy cl\ds3 !y delight 9 ! begg>y & brutality ( ! human race2 _! color is = ! mo/ "p subdu$ or lurid1 & ! greate/ spaces ( _! pictures are occupi$ by d>kness4 ,happily ! examples ( ?is class are seldom se5 9 p]fection4 ,salvator ,rosa & ,c>avaggio are ! mo/ *>act]i/ic3 ! o!r m5 belong+ to x approa* t[>ds ! c5tral rank by imp]ceptible gradations1 z !y p]ceive & repres5t m & m ( good4 ,b ,murillo1 ,zurb>an1 ,camillo ,procacc9i1 ,rembr&t1 & ,t5i]s1 all belong naturally to ?is l[] class4 ,,lv4 ,n[1 obs]ve3 ! ?ree classes into :i* arti/s 7 previ\sly divid$1 ( m5 ( fact1 m5 ( design1 & m5 ( bo?1 are all ( ,div9e in/itution2 b ( ^! latt] ?ree1 ! la/ is 9 no wise ( ,div9e in/itution4 ,x is entirely human1 & ! m5 :o belong to x h sunk into x by _! own faults4 ,!y are1 s f> =?1 ei!r useless or h>mful m54 ,x is inde$ good t evil %\ld be occasionally repres5t$1 ev5 9 its wor/ =ms1 b nev] t x %\ld be tak5 delight 93 & ! mighty m5 ( ! c5tral class w always give u all t is ne$ful ( x2 sometimes1 z ,hog>? did1 dwell+ ^u x bitt]ly z satiri/s1--b ?is ) ! m effect1 because !y w nei!r exagg]ate x1 nor repres5t x m]cilessly1 & )\t ! aton+ po9ts t all evil %[s to a ,div9ely guid$ glance1 ev5 at its deepe/4 ,s !n1 ?\gh ! ?ird class w always1 ,i fe>1 9 "s measure exi/1 ! two necess>y classes are only ! fir/ two2 & ?is is s f> ackn[l$g$ by ! g5]al s5se ( m51 t ! base/ class has be5 conf\nd$ ) ! second2 & pa9t]s h be5 divid$ commonly only into two ranks1 n[ kn[n1 ,i believe1 ?r\gh\t ,europe by ! names :i* !y fir/ receiv$ 9 ,italy1 ,puri/i & ,naturali/i4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 9 ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s1 ! degrad$ or evil-lov+ class1 ?\gh less def9$ ?an t ( ! ,puri/i1 is j z va/ z x is indi/9ct1 ?is division has done inf9ite di%onor to ! great fai?ful pa9t]s ( nature3 & x has long be5 "o ( ! objects ,i h _h mo/ at he>t to %[ t1 9 reality1 ! ,puri/s1 9 _! sanctity1 are less sep>at$ f ^! natural pa9t]s ?an ! ,s5suali/s 9 _! f\lness2 & t ! diff]5ce1 ?\gh less disc]nible1 is 9 reality great]1 betwe5 ! man :o pursues evil = its own sake1 & him :o be>s ) x = ! sake ( tru?1 ?an betwe5 ?is latt] & ! man :o w n endure x at all4 ,,lvi4 ,let u1 !n1 endeavor briefly to m>k ! real relations ( ^! ?ree va/ ranks ( m51 :om ,i %all call1 = conv5i5ce 9 speak+ ( !m1 ,puri/s1 ,naturali/s1 & ,s5suali/s2 n t ^! t]ms express _! real *>act]s1 b ,i "k no ^w1 & _c co9 a conv5i5t "o1 :i* w\ld accurately express ! opposite ( ,puri/2 & ,i keep ! t]ms ,puri/ & ,naturali/ 9 ord] to comply1 z f> z possible1 ) ! e/abli%$ usage ( language on ! ,cont95t4 ,n[1 obs]ve3 9 say+ t ne>ly ev]y?+ pres5t$ to u 9 nature has m+l+ 9 x ( good & evil1 ,i d n mean t nature is conceivably improvable1 or t any?+ t ,god has made c\ld be call$ evil1 if we c\ld see f> en\gh into its uses1 b t1 ) respect to imm$iate effects or appe>ances1 x may be s1 j z ! h>d r9d or bitt] k]nel ( a fruit may be an evil to ! eat]1 ?\gh 9 ! "o is ! protection ( ! fruit1 & 9 ! o!r its cont9uance4 ,! ,puri/1 !re=e1 does n m5d nature1 b receives f nature & f ,god t :i* is good = him2 :ile ! ,s5suali/ fills himself ) ! husks t ! sw9e did eat4 ,! ?ree classes may1 !re=e1 be lik5$ to m5 reap+ :eat1 ( :i* ! ,puri/s take ! f9e fl\r1 & ! ,s5suali/s ! *aff & /raw1 b ! ,naturali/s take all home1 & make _! cake ( ! "o1 & _! c\* ( ! o!r4 ,,lvii4 ,= in/ance4 ,we "k m c]ta9ly e day t :atev] appe>s to u h>mful 9 ! univ]se has "s b5efic5t or necess>y op]ation2 t ! /orm :i* de/roys a h>ve/ bright5s ! sunbeams = h>ve/s yet uns[n1 & t ! volcano :i* buries a city pres]ves a ?\s& f de/ruction4 ,b ! evil is n = ! "t less fe>ful1 because we h le>n$ x to be necess>y2 & we easily und]/& ! timidity or ! t5d]ness ( ! _s :i* w\ld )draw itself f ! pres5ce ( de/ruction1 & create 9 its imag9ation a _w ( :i* ! peace %\ld be unbrok51 9 :i* ! sky %\ld n d>k5 nor ! sea rage1 9 :i* ! leaf %\ld n *ange nor ! blossom )]4 ,t man is great]1 h[ev]1 :o contemplates ) an equal m9d ! alt]nations ( t]ror & ( beauty2 :o1 n rejoic+ less b5ea? ! sunny sky1 c be> also to wat* ! b>s ( twilight n>r[+ on ! horizon2 &1 n less s5sible to ! bless+ ( ! peace ( nature1 c rejoice 9 ! magnific5ce ( ! ord9ances by :i* t peace is protect$ & secur$4 ,b sep>at$ f bo? by an immeasurable di/ance w\ld be ! man :o delight$ 9 convulsion & disease = _! own sake2 :o f\nd 8 daily food 9 ! disord] ( nature m+l$ ) ! suff]+ ( humanity2 & wat*$ joyfully at ! "r h& ( ! ,angel ^: appo9t$ "w is to de/roy z well z to accuse1 :ile ! corn]s ( ! ,h\se ( fea/+ 7 /ruck by ! w9d f ! wild]ness4 ,,lviii4 ,& f> m is ?is true1 :5 ! subject ( contemplation is humanity itself4 ,! passions ( mank9d are p>tly protective1 p>tly b5efic5t1 l ! *aff & gra9 ( ! corn2 b none )\t _! use1 none )\t nobl5ess :5 se5 9 balanc$ unity ) ! re/ ( ! _s :i* !y are *>g$ to def5d4 ,! passions ( :i* ! end is ! cont9uance ( ! race2 ! indignation :i* is to arm x aga9/ inju/ice1 or /r5g!n x to resi/ wanton injury2 & ! fe>#fc :i* lies at ! root ( prud5ce1 rev]5ce1 & awe1 are all honorable & beautiful1 s long z man is reg>d$ 9 8 relations to ! exi/+ _w4 ,! religi\s ,puri/1 /riv+ to conceive him )drawn f ^? relations1 effaces f ! c\nt5ance ! traces ( all transitory passion1 illum9es x ) holy hope & love1 & seals x ) ! s]5ity ( heav5ly peace2 he conceals ! =ms ( ! body by ! deep-fold$ g>m5t1 or else repres5ts !m "u sev]ely *a/5$ types1 & w\ld r pa9t !m emaciat$ by ! fa/1 or pale f ! torture1 ?an /r5g!n$ by ex]tion1 or flu%$ by emotion4 ,b ! great ,naturali/ takes ! human be+ 9 its :ol5ess1 9 its mortal z well z its spiritual /r5g?4 ,capable ( s\nd+ & sympa?iz+ ) ! :ole range ( its passions1 he br+s "o maje/ic h>mony out ( !m all2 he repres5ts x fe>lessly 9 all its acts & ?\ghts1 9 its ha/e1 its ang]1 its s5suality1 & its pride1 z well z 9 its =titude or fai?1 b makes x noble 9 !m all2 he ca/s aside ! veil f ! body1 & beholds ! my/]ies ( its =m l an angel look+ d[n on an inf]ior creature3 !re is no?+ :i* he is reluctant to behold1 no?+ t he is a%am$ to confess2 ) all t lives1 triumph+1 fall+1 or suff]+1 he claims k9dr$1 ei!r 9 maje/y or 9 m]cy1 yet /&+1 9 a sort1 af> (f1 unmov$ ev5 9 ! deepness ( 8 sympa?y2 = ! _s )9 him is too ?\ghtful to be griev$1 too brave to be appall$1 & too pure to be pollut$4 ,,lix4 ,h[ f> b5ea? ^! two ranks ( m5 %all we place1 9 ! scale ( be+1 ^? ^: pleasure is only 9 s9 or 9 suff]+2 :o habitually contemplate humanity 9 pov]ty or decrepitude1 fury or s5suality2 ^: works are ei!r temptations to its weakness1 or triumphs ov] its ru91 & recognize no o!r subjects = ?\ght or admiration ?an ! subtlety ( ! robb]1 ! rage ( ! soldi]1 or ! joy ( ! ,syb>ite4 ,x seems /range1 :5 ?us def9itely /at$1 t su* a s*ool %\ld exi/4 ,yet consid] a little :at gaps & blanks w\ld disfigure our gall]y & *amb] walls1 9 places t we h long approa*$ ) rev]5ce1 if e picture1 e /atue1 7 remov$ f !m1 ( :i* ! subject 0 ei!r ! vice or ! mis]y ( mank9d1 portray$ )\t any moral purpose3 consid] ! innum]able gr\ps hav+ ref]5ce m]ely to v>i\s =ms ( passion1 l[ or high2 drunk5 revels & brawls among peasants1 gambl+ or fight+ sc5es among soldi]s1 am\rs & intrigues among e class1 brutal battle pieces1 b&itti subjects1 gluts ( torture & dea? 9 fam9e1 wreck1 or slaught]1 = ! sake m]ely ( ! excitem5t1--t quick5+ & suppl+ ( ! dull _s t _c be ga9$ = x b by ba?+ x 9 blood1 aft]w>d to )] back into /a9$ & /iff5$ apa?y2 & !n t :ole va/ false heav5 ( s5sual passion1 full ( nymphs1 satyrs1 graces1 goddesses1 & ,i "k n :at1 f its high sev5? circle 9 ,correggio's ,antiope1 d[n to ! ,greciz$ ballet-danc]s & smirk+ ,cupids ( ! ,p>isian uphol/]]4 ,sweep away all ?is1 remorselessly1 & see h[ mu* art we %\ld h left4 ,,lx4 ,& yet ^! are only ! grosse/ manife/ations ( ! t5d5cy ( ! s*ool4 ,!re are subtl]1 yet n less c]ta91 signs ( x 9 ! works ( m5 :o /& high 9 ! _w's li/ ( sacr$ pa9t]s4 ,i d\bt n t ! read] 0 surpris$ :5 ,i nam$ ,murillo among ! m5 ( ?is ?ird rank4 ,yet1 g into ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y1 & m$itate = a little ov] t mu* celebrat$ picture ( ! two begg> boys1 "o eat+ ly+ on ! gr\nd1 ! o!r /&+ beside him4 ,we h among our own pa9t]s "o :o _c inde$ be set beside ,murillo z a pa9t] ( ,madonnas1 = he is a pure ,naturali/1 &1 nev] hav+ se5 a ,madonna1 does n pa9t any2 b :o1 z a pa9t] ( begg> or peasant boys1 may be set beside ,murillo1 or any "o else1--,w4 ,hunt4 ,he loves peasant boys1 because he f9ds !m m r\ghly & picturesquely dress$1 & m heal?ily color$1 ?an o!rs4 ,& he pa9ts all t he sees 9 !m fe>lessly2 all ! heal? & humor1 & fre%ness1 & vitality1 toge!r ) su* awkw>dness & /upidity1 & :at else ( negative or positive h>m !re may be 9 ! creature2 b yet s t on ! :ole we love x1 & f9d x p]haps ev5 beautiful1 or if n1 at lea/ we see t !re is capability ( good 9 x1 r ?an ( evil2 & all is light$ up by a sun%9e & sweet color t makes ! smock-frock z preci\s z clo? ( gold4 ,b look at ^? two ragg$ & vici\s vagrants t ,murillo has ga!r$ out ( ! /reet4 ,y smile at fir/1 because !y are eat+ s naturally1 & _! rogu]y is s complete4 ,b is !re any?+ else ?an rogu]y !re1 or 0 x well = ! pa9t] to give 8 "t to ! pa9t+ ( ^? repulsive & wick$ *ildr58 ,d y feel mov$ ) any *>ity t[>ds *ildr5 z y look at !m8 ,are we ! lea/ m likely to take any int]e/ 9 ragg$ s*ools1 or to help ! next paup] *ild t comes 9 our way1 because ! pa9t] has %[n u a cunn+ begg> fe$+ gre$ily8 ,m>k ! *oice ( ! act4 ,he might h %[n hung] 9 o!r ways1 & giv5 int]e/ to ev5 ?is act ( eat+1 by mak+ ! face wa/$1 or ! eye wi/ful4 ,b he did n c>e to d ?is4 ,he delight$ m]ely 9 ! disgu/+ mann] ( eat+1 ! food fill+ ! *eek2 ! boy is n hungry1 else he w\ld n turn r\nd to talk & gr9 z he eats4 ,,lxi4 ,b obs]ve ano!r po9t 9 ! l[] figure4 ,x lies s t ! sole ( ! foot is turn$ t[>ds ! spectator2 n because x w\ld h la9 less easily 9 ano!r attitude1 b t ! pa9t] may draw1 & exhibit1 ! grey du/ engra9$ 9 ! foot4 ,d n call ?is ! pa9t+ ( nature3 x is m]e delight 9 f\lness4 ,! lesson1 if !re be any1 9 ! picture1 is n "o :it ! /rong]4 ,we all "k t a begg>'s b>e foot _c be clean2 !re is no ne$ to ?ru/ its degradation into ! light1 z if no human imag9ation 7 vigor\s en\gh = its conception4 ,,lxii4 ,! position ( ! ,s5suali/s1 9 treatm5t ( l&scape1 is less di/9ctly m>k$ ?an 9 t ( ! figure3 because ev5 ! wilde/ passions ( nature are noble3 b ! incl9ation is manife/$ by c>elessness 9 m>k+ g5]ic =m 9 trees & fl[]s3 by _! pref]r+ confus$ & irregul> arrangem5ts ( foliage or =egr\nd to symmetrical & simple gr\p+2 by _! g5]al *oice ( su* picturesqu5ess z results f decay1 disord]1 & disease1 r ?an ( t :i* is consi/5t ) ! p]fection ( ! ?+s 9 :i* x is f\nd2 & by _! imp]fect r5d]+ ( ! elem5ts ( /r5g? & beauty 9 all ?+s4 ,i propose to "w out ?is subject fully 9 ! la/ volume ( ,mod]n ,pa9t]s2 b ,i tru/ t en\gh has be5 "h said to enable ! read] to und]/& ! relations ( ! ?ree great classes ( arti/s1 & !re=e also ! k9ds ( morbid condition into :i* ! two high] 7= ! la/ has no o!r ?an a morbid condition7 are liable to fall4 ,=1 s9ce ! function ( ! ,naturali/s is to repres5t1 z f> z may be1 ! :ole ( nature1 & ! ,puri/s to repres5t :at is absolutely good = "s special purpose or "t1 x is evid5t t bo? are liable to error f %ortness ( sight1 & ! la/ also f weakness ( judgm5t4 ,i say1 9 ! fir/ place1 bo? may err f %ortness ( sight1 f n see+ all t !re is 9 nature2 see+ only ! outsides ( ?+s1 or ^? po9ts ( !m :i* be> lea/ on ! matt] 9 h&4 ,= in/ance1 a mod]n cont95tal ,naturali/ sees ! anatomy ( a limb ?or\ghly1 b does n see its color aga9/ ! sky1 :i* latt] fact is to a pa9t] f> ! m important ( ! two4 ,& because x is always easi] to see ! surface ?an ! dep? ( ?+s1 ! full sight ( !m requir+ ! highe/ p[]s ( p5etration1 sympa?y1 & imag9ation1 ! _w is full ( vulg> ,naturali/s3 n ,s5suali/s1 obs]ve1 n m5 :o delight 9 evil2 b m5 :o nev] see ! deepe/ good1 & :o br+ discr$it on all pa9t+ ( ,nature by ! little t !y discov] 9 h]4 ,& ! ,puri/1 besides be+ liable to ?is same %ortsight$ness1 is liable also to fatal errors ( judgm5t2 = he may ?9k t good :i* is n s1 & t ! highe/ good :i* is ! lea/4 ,& ?us ! _w is full ( vulg> ,puri/s1#fd :o br+ discr$it on all selection by ! sill9ess ( _! *oice2 & ?is ! m1 because ! v becom+ a ,puri/ is commonly indicative ( "s slight degree ( weakness1 read9ess to be (f5d$1 or n>r[ness ( und]/&+ ( ! ends ( ?+s3 ! greate/ m5 be+1 9 all times ( art1 ,naturali/s1 )\t any exception2 & ! greate/ ,puri/s be+ ^? :o approa* ne>e/ to ! ,naturali/s1 z ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli & ,p]ug9o4 ,h5ce !re is a t5d5cy 9 ! ,naturali/s to despise ! ,puri/s1 & 9 ! ,puri/s to be (f5d$ ) ! ,naturali/s 7n und]/&+ !m1 & conf\nd+ !m ) ! ,s5suali/s72 & ?is is griev\sly h>mful to bo?4 ,,lxiii4 ,( ! v>i\s =ms ( resultant mis*ief x is n "h ! place to speak3 ! read] may already be some:at we>i$ ) a /atem5t :i* has l$ u app>5tly s f> f our imm$iate subject4 ,b ! digression 0 necess>y1 9 ord] t ,i might cle>ly def9e ! s5se 9 :i* ,i use ! ^w ,naturalism :5 ,i /ate x to be ! ?ird mo/ ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,i mean t ! ,go?ic build]s belong to ! c5tral or greate/ rank 9 bo? ! classifications ( arti/s :i* we h j made2 t1 consid]+ all arti/s z ei!r m5 ( design1 m5 ( facts1 or m5 ( bo?1 ! ,go?ic build]s 7 m5 ( bo?2 & t aga91 consid]+ all arti/s z ei!r ,puri/s1 ,naturali/s1 or ,s5suali/s1 ! ,go?ic build]s 7 ,naturali/s4 ,,lxiv4 ,i say fir/1 t ! ,go?ic build]s 7 ( t c5tral class :i* unites fact ) design2 b t ! "p ( ! "w :i* 0 m especially _! own 0 ! tru?fulness4 ,_! p[] ( arti/ical inv5tion or arrangem5t 0 n great] ?an t ( ,romanesque & ,byzant9e workm53 by ^? workm5 !y 7 taught ! pr9ciples1 & f !m receiv$ _! models1 ( design2 b to ! ornam5tal feel+ & ri* fancy ( ! ,byzant9e ! ,go?ic build] add$ a love ( fact :i* is nev] f\nd 9 ! ,s\?4 ,bo? ,greek & ,roman us$ conv5tional foliage 9 _! ornam5t1 pass+ into some?+ t 0 n foliage at all1 knott+ itself into /range cup-l buds or clu/]s1 & gr[+ out ( lifeless rods in/ead ( /ems2 ! ,go?ic sculptor receiv$ ^! types1 at fir/1 z ?+s t ought to be1 j z we h a second "t receiv$ !m2 b he c\ld n re/ 9 !m4 ,he saw !re 0 no v]acity 9 !m1 no k1 no vitality4 ,d :at he w\ld1 he c\ld n help lik+ ! true leaves bett]2 & cauti\sly1 a little at a "t1 he put m ( nature into 8 "w1 until at la/ x 0 all true1 reta9+1 nev]!less1 e valuable "* ( ! orig9al well-discipl9$ & design$ arrangem5t4#fe ,,lxv4 ,nor is x only 9 ext]nal & visible subject t ! ,go?ic workman wr\ght = tru?3 he is z firm 9 8 r5d]+ ( imag9ative z ( actual tru?2 t is to say1 :5 an idea w\ld h be5 by a ,roman1 or ,byzant9e1 symbolically repres5t$1 ! ,go?ic m9d realizes x to ! utmo/4 ,= in/ance1 ! purgatorial fire is repres5t$ 9 ! mosaic ( ,torcello 7,romanesque7 z a r$ /ream1 longitud9ally /rip$ l a rib&1 desc5d+ out ( ! ?rone ( ,*ri/1 & gradually ext5d+ itself to envelope ! wick$4 ,:5 we are once in=m$ :at ?is means1 x is en\gh = its purpose2 b ! ,go?ic inv5tor does n leave ! sign 9 ne$ ( int]pretation4 ,he makes ! fire z l real fire z he c2 & 9 ! por* ( ,/4 ,macl\ at ,r\5 ! sculptur$ flames bur/ out ( ! ,hades gate1 & flick] up1 9 wri?+ tongues ( /one1 ?r\gh ! int]/ices ( ! ni*es1 z if ! *ur* itself 7 on fire4 ,?is is an extreme in/ance1 b x is all ! m illu/rative ( ! entire diff]5ce 9 temp] & ?\ght betwe5 ! two s*ools ( art1 & ( ! int5se love ( v]acity :i* influ5c$ ! ,go?ic design4 ,,lxvi4 ,i d n say t ?is love ( v]acity is always heal?y 9 its op]ation4 ,i h above notic$ ! errors into :i* x falls f despis+ design2 & !re is ano!r k9d ( error noticeable 9 ! in/ance j giv51 9 :i* ! love ( tru? is too ha/y1 & seizes on a surface tru? in/ead ( an inn] "o4 ,= 9 repres5t+ ! ,hades fire1 x is n ! m]e =m ( ! flame :i* ne$s mo/ to be told1 b its unqu5*abl5ess1 its ,div9e orda9m5t & limitation1 & its inn] fi]c5ess1 n physical & mat]ial1 b 9 be+ ! expression ( ! wra? ( ,god4 ,& ^! ?+s are n to be told by imitat+ ! fire t fla%es out ( a bundle ( /icks4 ,if we ?9k ov] 8 symbol a little1 we %all p]haps f9d t ! ,romanesque build] told m tru? 9 t lik5ess ( a blood-r$ /ream1 fl[+ betwe5 def9ite %ores & out ( ,god's ?rone1 & exp&+1 z if f$ by a p]petual curr5t1 into ! lake :]e9 ! wick$ are ca/1 ?an ! ,go?ic build] 9 ^? tor*-flick]+s ab\t 8 ni*es4 ,b ?is is n to our imm$iate purpose2 ,i am n at pres5t to insi/ ^u ! faults into :i* ! love ( tru? 0 l$ 9 ! lat] ,go?ic times1 b on ! feel+ itself1 z a glori\s & peculi> *>act]i/ic ( ! ,nor!rn build]s4 ,=1 obs]ve1 x is n1 ev5 9 ! above in/ance1 love ( tru?1 b want ( ?\ght1 :i* causes ! fault4 ,! love ( tru?1 z su*1 is good1 b :5 x is misdirect$ by ?\ghtlessness or ov]-excit$ by vanity1 & ei!r seizes on facts ( small value1 or ga!rs !m *iefly t x may boa/ ( its grasp & appreh5sion1 its "w may well become dull or (f5sive4 ,yet let u n1 !re=e1 blame ! inh]5t love ( facts1 b ! incauti\sness ( _! selection1 & imp]t95ce ( _! /atem5t4 ,,lxvii4 ,i said1 9 ! second place1 t ,go?ic "w1 :5 ref]r$ to ! arrangem5t ( all art1 z puri/1 naturali/1 or s5suali/1 0 naturali/4 ,?is "* foll[s necess>ily on its extreme love ( tru?1 prevail+ ov] ! s5se ( beauty1 & caus+ x to take delight 9 portraiture ( e k9d1 & to express ! v>i\s *>act]s ( ! human c\nt5ance & =m1 z x did ! v>ieties ( leaves & ! rugg$ness ( bran*es4 ,& ?is t5d5cy is bo? increas$ & ennobl$ by ! same ,*ri/ian humility :i* we saw express$ 9 ! fir/ "* ( ,go?ic "w1 its rud5ess4 ,= z t result$ f a humility :i* confess$ ! imp]fection ( ! workman1 s ?is naturali/ portraiture is r5d]$ m fai?ful by ! humility :i* confesses ! imp]fection ( ! subject4 ,! ,greek sculptor c\ld nei!r be> to confess 8 own feebl5ess1 nor to tell ! faults ( ! =ms t he portray$4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian workman1 believ+ t all is f9ally to "w toge!r = good1 freely confesses bo?1 & nei!r seeks to disguise 8 own r\ghness ( "w1 nor 8 subject's r\ghness ( make4 ,yet ?is frankness be+ jo9$1 = ! mo/ "p1 ) dep? ( religi\s feel+ 9 o!r directions1 & especially ) *>ity1 !re is sometimes a t5d5cy to ,purism 9 ! be/ ,go?ic sculpture2 s t x frequ5tly rea*es great dignity ( =m & t5d]ness ( expression1 yet nev] s z to lose ! v]acity ( portraiture1 :]ev] portraiture is possible3 n exalt+ its k+s into demi-gods1 nor its sa9ts into ar*angels1 b giv+ :at k+l9ess & sanctity 0 9 !m1 to ! full1 mix$ ) due record ( _! faults2 & ?is 9 ! mo/ "p ) a great indiff]5ce l t ( ,scripture hi/ory1 :i* sets d[n1 ) unmov$ & unexcus+ resolut5ess1 ! virtues & errors ( all m5 ( :om x speaks1 (t5 leav+ ! read] to =m 8 own e/imate ( !m1 )\t an indication ( ! judgm5t ( ! hi/orian4 ,& ?is v]acity is c>ri$ out by ! ,go?ic sculptors 9 ! m9ut5ess & g5]ality1 z well z ! equity1 ( _! del9eation3 = !y d n limit _! art to ! portraiture ( sa9ts & k+s1 b introduce ! mo/ famili> sc5es & mo/ simple subjects2 fill+ up ! backgr\nds ( ,scripture hi/ories ) vivid & curi\s repres5tations ( ! commone/ incid5ts ( daily life1 & avail+ !mselves ( e occasion 9 :i*1 ei!r z a symbol1 or an explanation ( a sc5e or "t1 ! ?+s famili> to ! eye ( ! workman c\ld be introduc$ & made ( acc\nt4 ,h5ce ,go?ic sculpture & pa9t+ are n only full ( valuable portraiture ( ! greate/ m51 b copi\s records ( all ! dome/ic cu/oms & inf]ior arts ( ! ages 9 :i* x fl\ri%$4#ff ,,lxviii4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o direction 9 :i* ! ,naturalism ( ! ,go?ic workm5 is peculi>ly manife/$2 & ?is direction is ev5 m *>act]i/ic ( ! s*ool ?an ! ,naturalism itself2 ,i mean _! peculi> fondness = ! =ms ( ,vegetation4 ,9 r5d]+ ! v>i\s circum/ances ( daily life1 ,egyptian & ,n9evite sculpture is z frank & z diffuse z ! ,go?ic4 ,f ! highe/ pomps ( /ate or triumphs ( battle1 to ! mo/ trivial dome/ic arts & amusem5ts1 all is tak5 advantage ( to fill ! field ( granite ) ! p]petual int]e/ ( a cr[d$ drama2 & ! e>ly ,lomb>dic & ,romanesque sculpture is equally copi\s 9 its description ( ! famili> circum/ances ( w> & ! *ase4 ,b 9 all ! sc5es portray$ by ! workm5 ( ^! nations1 vegetation occurs only z an explanatory accessory2 ! re$ is introduc$ to m>k ! c\rse ( ! riv]1 or ! tree to m>k ! cov]t ( ! wild bea/1 or ! ambu% ( ! enemy1 b !re is no especial int]e/ 9 ! =ms ( ! vegetation /rong en\gh to induce !m to make x a subject ( sep>ate & accurate /udy4 ,aga91 among ! nations :o foll[$ ! arts ( design exclusively1 ! =ms ( foliage introduc$ 7 meagre & g5]al1 & _! real intricacy & life 7 nei!r admir$ nor express$4 ,b to ! ,go?ic workman ! liv+ foliage became a subject ( int5se affection1 & he /ruggl$ to r5d] all its *>act]s ) z mu* accuracy z 0 compatible ) ! laws ( 8 design & ! nature ( 8 mat]ial1 n unfrequ5tly tempt$ 9 8 en?usiasm to transgress ! "o & disguise ! o!r4 ,,lxix4 ,!re is a peculi> significancy 9 ?is1 indicative bo? ( high] civilization & g5tl] temp]am5t1 ?an _h be=e be5 manife/$ 9 ar*itecture4 ,rud5ess1 & ! love ( *ange1 :i* we h insi/$ ^u z ! fir/ elem5ts ( ,go?ic1 are also elem5ts common to all heal?y s*ools4 ,b "h is a s(t] elem5t m+l$ ) !m1 peculi> to ! ,go?ic itself4 ,! rud5ess or ignorance :i* w\ld h be5 pa9fully expos$ 9 ! treatm5t ( ! human =m1 are /ill n s great z to prev5t ! successful r5d]+ ( ! wayside h]bage2 & ! love ( *ange1 :i* becomes morbid & fev]i% 9 foll[+ ! ha/e ( ! hunt]1 & ! rage ( ! combatant1 is at once soo!d & satisfi$ z x wat*es ! w&]+ ( ! t5dril1 & ! budd+ ( ! fl[]4 ,nor is ?is all3 ! new direction ( m5tal int]e/ m>ks an inf9ite *ange 9 ! means & ! habits ( life4 ,! nations ^: *ief support 0 9 ! *ase1 ^: *ief int]e/ 0 9 ! battle1 ^: *ief pleasure 0 9 ! banquet1 w\ld take small c>e respect+ ! %apes ( leaves & fl[]s2 & notice little 9 ! =ms ( ! =e/ trees :i* %elt]$ !m1 except ! signs indicative ( ! wood :i* w\ld make ! t\ghe/ lance1 ! close/ ro(1 or ! cle>e/ fire4 ,! affectionate obs]vation ( ! grace & outw>d "* ( vegetation is ! sure sign ( a m tranquil & g5tle exi/5ce1 su/a9$ by ! gifts1 & gladd5$ by ! spl5dor1 ( ! e>?4 ,9 t c>eful di/9ction ( species1 & ri*ness ( delicate & undi/urb$ organization1 :i* *>act]ize ! ,go?ic design1 !re is ! hi/ory ( rural & ?\ghtful life1 influ5c$ by habitual t5d]ness1 & devot$ to subtle inquiry2 & e discrim9at+ & delicate t\* ( ! *isel1 z x r\nds ! petal or guides ! bran*1 is a prophecy ( ! developem5t ( ! entire body ( ! natural sci5ces1 beg9n+ ) t ( m$ic9e1 ( ! recov]y ( lit]ature1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! mo/ necess>y pr9ciples ( dome/ic wisdom & national peace4 ,,lxx4 ,i h be=e allud$ to ! /range & va9 supposition1 t ! orig9al conception ( ,go?ic ar*itecture _h be5 d]iv$ f vegetation1--f ! symmetry ( av5ues1 & ! int]lac+ ( bran*es4 ,x is a supposition :i* nev] c\ld h exi/$ = a mom5t 9 ! m9d ( any p]son acqua9t$ ) e>ly ,go?ic2 b1 h[ev] idle z a !ory1 x is mo/ valuable z a te/imony to ! "* ( ! p]fect$ /yle4 ,x is precisely because ! rev]se ( ?is !ory is ! fact1 because ! ,go?ic did n arise out (1 b develope itself into1 a resemblance to vegetation1 t ?is resemblance is s in/ructive z an indication ( ! temp] ( ! build]s4 ,x 0 no *ance sugge/ion ( ! =m ( an ar* f ! b5d+ ( a b\gh1 b a gradual & cont9ual discov]y ( a beauty 9 natural =ms :i* c\ld be m & m p]fectly transf]r$ into ^? ( /one1 t influ5c$ at once ! he>t ( ! p1 & ! =m ( ! edifice4 ,! ,go?ic ar*itecture arose 9 massy & m\nta9\s /r5g?1 axe-hewn1 & iron-b\nd1 block heav$ ^u block by ! monk's en?usiasm & ! soldi]'s =ce2 & cramp$ & /an*ion$ into su* weight ( grisly wall1 z might bury ! an*oret 9 d>kness1 & beat back ! utmo/ /orm ( battle1 suff]+ b by ! same n>r[ crosslet ! pass+ ( ! sunbeam1 or ( ! arr[4 ,gradually1 z t monki% en?usiasm became m ?\ghtful1 & z ! s\nd ( w> became m & m int]mitt5t beyond ! gates ( ! conv5t or ! keep1 ! /ony pill> grew sl5d] & ! vault$ ro( grew light1 till !y _h wrea!d !mselves into ! semblance ( ! summ] woods at _! faire/1 & ( ! dead field-fl[]s1 long trodd5 d[n 9 blood1 sweet monum5tal /atues 7 set to bloom = ev]1 b5ea? ! por* ( ! temple1 or ! canopy ( ! tomb4 ,,lxxi4 ,nor is x only z a sign ( great] g5tl5ess or ref9em5t ( m9d1 b z a pro( ( ! be/ possible direction ( ?is ref9em5t1 t ! t5d5cy ( ! ,go?ic to ! expression ( vegetative life is to be admir$4 ,t s5t5ce ( ,g5esis1 ,i h giv5 !e e gre5 h]b = meat1 l all ! re/ ( ! book1 has a pr(\nd symbolical z well z a lit]al mean+4 ,x is n m]ely ! n\ri%m5t ( ! body1 b ! food ( ! s\l1 t is int5d$4 ,! gre5 h]b is1 ( all nature1 t :i* is mo/ ess5tial to ! heal?y spiritual life ( man4 ,mo/ ( u d n ne$ f9e sc5]y2 ! precipice & ! m\nta9 peak are n int5d$ to be se5 by all m51--p]haps _! p[] is greate/ ov] ^? :o are unaccu/om$ to !m4 ,b trees1 & fields1 & fl[]s 7 made = all1 & are necess>y = all4 ,god has connect$ ! labor :i* is ess5tial to ! bodily su/5ance1 ) ! pleasures :i* are heal?ie/ = ! he>t2 & :ile ,he made ! gr\nd /ubborn1 ,he made its h]bage fragrant1 & its blossoms fair4 ,! pr\de/ ar*itecture t man c build has no high] honor ?an to be> ! image & recall ! memory ( t grass ( ! field :i* is1 at once1 ! type & ! support ( 8 exi/5ce2 ! goodly build+ is !n mo/ glori\s :5 x is sculptur$ into ! lik5ess ( ! leaves ( ,p>adise2 & ! great ,go?ic _s1 z we %[$ x to be noble 9 its disquietude1 is also noble 9 its hold ( nature2 x is1 inde$1 l ! dove ( ,noah1 9 t %e f\nd no re/ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s1--b l h] 9 ?is also1 ,,lo1 ,,9 ,,h] ,,m\? ,,0 ,,an ,,olive ,,bran*1 ,,pluck$ ,,(f4 ,,lxxii4 ,! f\r? ess5tial elem5t ( ! ,go?ic m9d 0 above /at$ to be ! s5se ( ! ,,grotesque2 b ,i %all def] ! endeavor to def9e ?is mo/ curi\s & subtle "* until we h occasion to exam9e "o ( ! divisions ( ! ,r5aissance s*ools1 :i* 0 morbidly influ5c$ by x 7,vol4 ,,iii4 ,*ap4 ,,iii474 ,x is ! less necess>y to insi/ ^u x "h1 because e read] famili> ) ,go?ic ar*itecture mu/ und]/& :at ,i mean1 & w1 ,i believe1 h no hesitation 9 admitt+ t ! t5d5cy to delight 9 fanta/ic & ludicr\s1 z well z 9 sublime1 images1 is a univ]sal in/9ct ( ! ,go?ic imag9ation4 ,,lxxiii4 ,! fif? elem5t above nam$ 0 ,,rigidity2 & ?is "* ,i mu/ endeavor c>efully to def9e1 = nei!r ! ^w ,i h us$1 nor any o!r t ,i c ?9k (1 w express x accurately4 ,= ,i mean1 n m]ely /able1 b active rigidity2 ! peculi> en]gy :i* gives t5sion to movem5t1 & /iffness to resi/ance1 :i* makes ! fi]ce/ lightn+ =k$ r ?an curv$1 & ! /\te/ oak-bran* angul> r ?an b5d+1 & is z mu* se5 9 ! quiv]+ ( ! lance z 9 ! glitt]+ ( ! icicle4 ,,lxxiv4 ,i h be=e _h occasion 7,vol4 ,i4 ,*ap4 ,,xiii4 ,,vii47 to note "s manife/ations ( ?is en]gy or fix$ness2 b x mu/ be /ill m att5tively consid]$ "h1 z x %[s itself ?r\gh\t ! :ole /ructure & decoration ( ,go?ic "w4 ,egyptian & ,greek build+s /&1 = ! mo/ "p1 by _! own weight & mass1 "o /one passively incumb5t on ano!r3 b 9 ! ,go?ic vaults & trac]ies !re is a /iffness analog\s to t ( ! bones ( a limb1 or fibres ( a tree2 an ela/ic t5sion & communication ( =ce f "p to "p1 & also a /udi\s expression ( ?is ?r\gh\t e visible l9e ( ! build+4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 ! ,greek & ,egyptian ornam5t is ei!r m]e surface engrav+1 z if ! face ( ! wall _h be5 /amp$ ) a seal1 or its l9es are fl[+1 li!1 & luxuriant2 9 ei!r case1 !re is no expression ( en]gy 9 framework ( ! ornam5t itself4 ,b ! ,go?ic ornam5t /&s out 9 prickly indep5d5ce1 & fro/y =titude1 jutt+ into crockets1 & freez+ into p9nacles2 "h />t+ up into a mon/]1 !re g]m9at+ into a blossom2 anon knitt+ itself into a bran*1 alt]nately ?orny1 bossy1 & bri/ly1 or wri!d into e =m ( n]v\s entanglem5t2 b1 ev5 :5 mo/ graceful1 nev] = an in/ant languid1 always quickset2 err+1 if at all1 ev] on ! side ( brusqu]ie4 ,,lxxv4 ,! feel+s or habits 9 ! workman :i* give rise to ?is "* 9 ! "w1 are m complicat$ & v>i\s ?an ^? indicat$ by any o!r sculptural expression hi!rto nam$4 ,!re is1 fir/1 ! habit ( h>d & rapid work+2 ! indu/ry ( ! tribes ( ! ,nor?1 quick5$ by ! coldness ( ! climate1 & giv+ an expression ( %>p en]gy to all !y d 7z above not$1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,*ap4 ,,xiii4 ,,vii471 z oppos$ to ! languor ( ! ,s\!rn tribes1 h[ev] mu* ( fire !re may be 9 ! he>t ( t languor1 = lava itself may fl[ languidly4 ,!re is also ! habit ( f9d+ enjoym5t 9 ! signs ( cold1 :i* is nev] f\nd1 ,i believe1 9 ! inhabitants ( c\ntries s\? ( ! ,alps4 ,cold is to !m an unr$eem$ evil1 to be suff]$1 & =gott5 z soon z may be2 b ! long w9t] ( ! ,nor? =ces ! ,go? 7,i mean ! ,engli%man1 ,fr5*man1 ,dane1 or ,g]man71 if he w\ld lead a happy life at all1 to f9d s\rces ( happ9ess 9 f\l wea!r z well z fair1 & to rejoice 9 ! leafless z well z 9 ! %ady =e/4 ,& ?is we d ) all our he>ts2 f9d+ p]haps ne>ly z mu* cont5tm5t by ! ,*ri/mas fire z 9 ! summ] sun%9e1 & ga9+ heal? & /r5g? on ! ice-fields ( w9t]1 z well z among ! mead[s ( spr+4 ,s t !re is no?+ adv]se or pa9ful to our feel+s 9 ! cramp$ & /iff5$ /ructure ( vegetation *eck$ by cold2 & in/ead ( seek+1 l ! ,s\!rn sculptor1 to express only ! s(tness ( leafage n\ri%$ 9 all t5d]ness1 & tempt$ into all luxuriance by w>m w9ds & gl[+ rays1 we f9d pleasure 9 dwell+ ^u ! crabb$1 p]v]se1 & morose animation ( plants t h kn[n little k9dness f e>? or heav51 b1 season aft] season1 h _h _! be/ ef=ts palsi$ by fro/1 _! brighte/ buds buri$ "u sn[1 & _! goodlie/ limbs lopp$ by tempe/4 ,,lxxvi4 ,!re are _m subtle sympa?ies & affections :i* jo9 to confirm ! ,go?ic m9d 9 ?is peculi> *oice ( subject2 & :5 we add to ! influ5ce ( ^!1 ! necessities consequ5t ^u ! employm5t ( a r\gh] mat]ial1 compell+ ! workman to seek = vigor ( effect1 r ?an ref9em5t ( texture or accuracy ( =m1 we h direct & manife/ causes = mu* ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! nor!rn & s\!rn ca/ ( conception3 b !re are indirect causes hold+ a f> m important place 9 ! ,go?ic he>t1 ?\gh less imm$iate 9 _! influ5ce on design4 ,/r5g? ( w1 indep5d5ce ( "*1 resolut5ess ( purpose1 impati5ce ( undue control1 & t g5]al t5d5cy to set ! individual reason aga9/ au?ority1 & ! individual de$ aga9/ de/9y1 :i*1 9 ! ,nor!rn tribes1 has oppos$ itself ?r\gh\t all ages to ! languid submission1 9 ! ,s\!rn1 ( ?\ght to tradition1 & purpose to fatality1 are all m or less traceable 9 ! rigid l9es1 vigor\s & v>i\s masses1 & d>+ly project+ & indep5d5t /ructure ( ! ,nor!rn ,go?ic ornam5t3 :ile ! opposite feel+s are 9 l mann] legible 9 ! graceful & s(tly guid$ waves & wrea!d b&s1 9 :i* ,s\!rn decoration is con/antly dispos$2 9 its t5d5cy to lose its indep5d5ce1 & fuse itself into ! surface ( ! masses ^u :i* x is trac$2 & 9 ! expression se5 s (t51 9 ! arrangem5t ( ^? masses !mselves1 ( an ab&onm5t ( _! /r5g? to an inevitable necessity1 or a li/less repose4 ,,lxxvii4 ,!re is virtue 9 ! measure1 & error 9 ! excess1 ( bo? ^! *>act]s ( m9d1 & 9 bo? ( ! /yles :i* !y h creat$2 ! be/ ar*itecture1 & ! be/ temp]1 are ^? :i* unite !m bo?2 & ?is fif? impulse ( ! ,go?ic he>t is !re=e t :i* ne$s mo/ caution 9 its indulg5ce4 ,x is m def9itely ,go?ic ?an any o!r1 b ! be/ ,go?ic build+ is n t :i* is mo/ ,go?ic3 x c h>dly be too frank 9 its confession ( rud5ess1 h>dly too ri* 9 its *angefulness1 h>dly too fai?ful 9 its naturalism2 b x may g too f> 9 its rigidity1 &1 l ! great ,puritan _s 9 its extreme1 lose itself ei!r 9 frivolity ( division1 or p]v]sity ( purpose4#fg ,x actually did s 9 its lat] times2 b x is gladd5+ to rememb] t 9 its utmo/ nobl5ess1 ! v temp] :i* has be5 ?\ght mo/ adv]se to x1 ! ,prote/ant _s ( self-dep5d5ce & inquiry1 0 express$ 9 its e l9e4 ,fai? & aspiration !re 71 9 e ,*ri/ian ecclesia/ical build+1 f ! fir/ c5tury to ! fifte5?2 b ! moral habits to :i* ,engl& 9 ?is age owes ! k9d ( greatness t %e has1--! habits ( philosophical inve/igation1 ( accurate ?\ght1 ( dome/ic seclusion & indep5d5ce1 ( /]n self-reliance1 & s9c]e upright se>*+ into religi\s tru?1--7 only traceable 9 ! features :i* 7 ! di/9ctive creation ( ! ,go?ic s*ools1 9 ! ve9$ foliage1 & ?orny fretwork1 & %ad[y ni*e1 & buttress$ pi]1 & fe>less height ( subtle p9nacle & cre/$ t[]1 s5t l an unp]plex$ "q up to ,heav54#fh ,,lxxviii4 ,la/1 because ! lea/ ess5tial1 ( ! con/itu5t elem5ts ( ?is noble s*ool1 0 plac$ t ( ,,r$undance1--! uncalculat+ be/[al ( ! weal? ( its labor4 ,!re is1 inde$1 mu* ,go?ic1 & t ( ! be/ p]iod1 9 :i* ?is elem5t is h>dly traceable1 & :i* dep5ds = its effect almo/ exclusively on lovel9ess ( simple design & grace ( un9volv$ proportion3 /ill1 9 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic build+s1 a c]ta9 portion ( _! effect dep5ds ^u accumulation ( ornam5t2 & _m ( ^? :i* h mo/ influ5ce on ! m9ds ( m51 h atta9$ x by means ( ?is attribute alone4 ,& al?\gh1 by c>eful /udy ( ! s*ool1 x is possible to arrive at a condition ( ta/e :i* %all be bett] cont5t$ by a few p]fect l9es ?an by a :ole faade cov]$ ) fretwork1 ! build+ :i* only satisfies su* a ta/e is n to be consid]$ ! be/4 ,= ! v fir/ requirem5t ( ,go?ic ar*itecture be+1 z we saw above1 t x %all bo? admit ! aid1 & appeal to ! admiration1 ( ! rude/ z well z ! mo/ ref9$ m9ds1 ! ri*ness ( ! "w is1 p>adoxical z ! /atem5t may appe>1 a "p ( its humility4 ,no ar*itecture is s haughty z t :i* is simple2 :i* refuses to address ! eye1 except 9 a few cle> & =ceful l9es2 :i* implies1 9 (f]+ s little to our reg>ds1 t all x has (f]$ is p]fect2 & disda9s1 ei!r by ! complexity or ! attractiv5ess ( its features1 to emb>rass our inve/igation1 or betray u into delight4 ,t humility1 :i* is ! v life ( ! ,go?ic s*ool1 is %[n n only 9 ! imp]fection1 b 9 ! accumulation1 ( ornam5t4 ,! inf]ior rank ( ! workman is (t5 %[n z mu* 9 ! ri*ness1 z ! r\ghness1 ( 8 "w2 & if ! co-op]ation ( e h&1 & ! sympa?y ( e he>t1 are to be receiv$1 we mu/ be cont5t to all[ ! r$undance :i* disguises ! failure ( ! feeble1 & w9s ! reg>d ( ! inatt5tive4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 f> nobl] int]e/s m+l+1 9 ! ,go?ic he>t1 ) ! rude love ( decorative accumulation3 a magnific5t en?usiasm1 :i* feels z if x nev] c\ld d en\gh to rea* ! fulness ( its ideal2 an unselfi%ness ( sacrifice1 :i* w\ld r ca/ fruitless labor be=e ! alt> ?an /& idle 9 ! m>ket2 &1 f9ally1 a pr(\nd sympa?y ) ! fulness & weal? ( ! mat]ial univ]se1 ris+ out ( t ,naturalism ^: op]ation we h already endeavor$ to def9e4 ,! sculptor :o s\ght = 8 models among ! =e/ leaves1 c\ld n b quickly & deeply feel t complexity ne$ n involve ! loss ( grace1 nor ri*ness t ( repose2 & e h\r :i* he sp5t 9 ! /udy ( ! m9ute & v>i\s "w ( ,nature1 made him feel m =cibly ! b>r5ness ( :at 0 be/ 9 t ( man3 nor is x to be wond]$ at1 t1 see+ h] p]fect & exquisite creations p\r$ =? 9 a pr(usion :i* conception c\ld n grasp nor calculation sum1 he %\ld ?9k t x ill became him to be nigg>dly ( 8 own rude craftsman%ip2 & :]e he saw ?r\gh\t ! univ]se a faultless beauty lavi%$ on measureless spaces ( broid]$ field & bloom+ m\nta91 to grudge 8 poor & imp]fect labor to ! few /ones t he _h rais$ "o ^u ano!r1 = habitation or memorial4 ,! ye>s ( 8 life pass$ away be=e 8 task 0 accompli%$2 b g5]ation succe$$ g5]ation ) unwe>i$ en?usiasm1 & ! ca!dral front 0 at la/ lo/ 9 ! tape/ry ( its trac]ies1 l a rock among ! ?ickets & h]bage ( spr+4 ,,lxxix4 ,we h n[1 ,i believe1 obta9$ a view approa*+ to complet5ess ( ! v>i\s moral or imag9ative elem5ts :i* compos$ ! inn] _s ( ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,we h1 9 ! second place1 to def9e its outw>d =m4 ,n[1 z ! ,go?ic _s is made up ( sev]al elem5ts1 "s ( :i* may1 9 p>ticul> examples1 be want+1 s ! ,go?ic =m is made up ( m9or conditions ( =m1 "s ( :i* may1 9 p>ticul> examples1 be imp]fectly develop$4 ,we _c say1 !re=e1 t a build+ is ei!r ,go?ic or n ,go?ic 9 =m1 any m ?an we c 9 _s4 ,we c only say t x is m or less ,go?ic1 9 proportion to ! numb] ( ,go?ic =ms :i* x unites4 ,,lxxx4 ,!re h be5 made lately _m subtle & +5i\s endeavors to base ! def9ition ( ,go?ic =m entirely ^u ! ro(-vault+2 endeavors :i* are bo? =c$ & futile3 = _m ( ! be/ ,go?ic build+s 9 ! _w h ro(s ( timb]1 :i* h no m connexion ) ! ma9 /ructure ( ! walls ( ! edifice ?an a hat has ) t ( ! head x protects2 & o!r ,go?ic build+s are m]ely enclosures ( spaces1 z ramp>ts & walls1 or enclosures ( g>d5s or cloi/]s1 & h no ro(s at all1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w ro( is commonly accept$4 ,b e read] :o has ev] tak5 ! slighte/ int]e/ 9 ar*itecture mu/ "k t !re is a great popul> impression on ?is matt]1 :i* ma9ta9s itself /iffly 9 its old =m1 9 spite ( all ratioc9ation & def9ition2 namely1 t a flat l9tel f pill> to pill> is ,grecian1 a r\nd ar* ,norman or ,romanesque1 & a po9t$ ar* ,go?ic4 ,& ! old popul> notion1 z f> z x goes1 is p]fectly "r1 & c nev] be bett]$4 ,! mo/ /rik+ outw>d feature 9 all ,go?ic ar*itecture is1 t x is compos$ ( po9t$ ar*es1 z 9 ,romanesque t x is 9 l mann] compos$ ( r\nd2 & ?is di/9ction w\ld be q z cle>1 ?\gh ! ro(s 7 tak5 (f e ca!dral 9 ,europe4 ,& yet1 if we exam9e c>efully into ! real =ce & mean+ ( ! t]m ro( we %all p]haps be able to reta9 ! old popul> idea 9 a def9ition ( ,go?ic ar*itecture :i* %all also express :atev] dep5d5ce t ar*itecture has ^u true =ms ( ro(+4 ,,lxxxi4 ,9 ,*ap4 ,,xiii4 ( ! fir/ volume1 ! read] w rememb] t ro(s 7 consid]$ z g5]ally divid$ into two p>ts2 ! ro( prop]1 t is to say1 ! %ell1 vault1 or ceil+1 int]nally visible2 & ! ro(-mask1 :i* protects ?is l[] ro( f ! wea!r4 ,9 "s build+s ^! p>ts are unit$ 9 "o framework2 b1 9 mo/1 !y are m or less indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 & 9 ne>ly all ,go?ic build+s !re is consid]able int]val betwe5 !m4 ,n[ x w (t5 happ51 z above notic$1 t ow+ to ! nature ( ! ap>tm5ts requir$1 or ! mat]ials at h&1 ! ro( prop] may be flat1 cov$1 or dom$1 9 build+s :i* 9 _! walls employ po9t$ ar*es1 & are1 9 ! /raite/ s5se ( ! ^w1 ,go?ic 9 all o!r respects4 ,yet s f> =? z ! ro(+ alone is conc]n$1 !y are n ,go?ic unless ! po9t$ ar* be ! pr9cipal =m adopt$ ei!r 9 ! /one vault+ or ! timb]s ( ! ro( prop]4 ,i %all say !n1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ,go?ic ar*itecture is t :i* uses1 if possible1 ! po9t$ ar* 9 ! ro( prop]4 ,?is is ! fir/ /ep 9 our def9ition4 ,,lxxxii4 ,secondly4 ,al?\gh !re may be _m advisable or necess>y =ms = ! l[] ro( or ceil+1 !re is1 9 cold c\ntries expos$ to ra9 & sn[1 only "o advisable =m = ! ro(-mask1 & t is ! gable1 = ?is alone w ?r[ (f bo? ra9 & sn[ f all p>ts ( its surface z spe$ily z possible4 ,sn[ c lodge on ! top ( a dome1 n on ! ridge ( a gable4 ,& ?us1 z f> z ro(+ is conc]n$1 ! gable is a f> m ess5tial feature ( ,nor!rn ar*itecture ?an ! po9t$ vault1 = ! "o is a ?or\gh necessity1 ! o!r (t5 a graceful conv5tionality3 ! gable occurs 9 ! timb] ro( ( e dwell+-h\se & e cottage1 b n ! vault2 & ! gable built on a polygonal or circul> plan1 is ! orig9 ( ! turret & spire2#fi & all ! s-call$ aspiration ( ,go?ic ar*itecture is1 z above notic$ 7,vol4 ,i4 ,*ap4 ,,xii4 ,,vi471 no?+ m ?an its developem5t4 ,s t we mu/ add to our def9ition ano!r clause1 :i* w be1 at pres5t1 by f> ! mo/ important1 & x w /& ?us3 ,go?ic ar*itecture is t :i* uses ! po9t$ ar* = ! ro( prop]1 & ! gable = ! ro(-mask4 ,,lxxxiii4 ,& "h1 9 pass+1 let u notice a pr9ciple z true 9 ar*itecture z 9 morals4 ,x is n ! compell$1 b ! wilful1 transgression ( law :i* corrupts ! "*4 ,s9 is n 9 ! act1 b 9 ! *oice4 ,x is a law = ,go?ic ar*itecture1 t x %all use ! po9t$ ar* = its ro( prop]2 b because1 9 _m cases ( dome/ic build+1 ?is becomes impossible = want ( room 7! :ole height ( ! ap>tm5t be+ requir$ ev]y:]e71 or 9 v>i\s o!r ways inconv5i5t1 flat ceil+s may be us$1 & yet ! ,go?ic %all n lose its purity4 ,b 9 ! ro(-mask1 !re c be no necessity nor reason = a *ange ( =m3 ! gable is ! be/2 & if any o!r--dome1 or bulg+ cr[n1 or :atsoev] else--be employ$ at all1 x mu/ be 9 pure caprice1 & wilful transgression ( law4 ,& :]ev]1 !re=e1 ?is is done1 ! ,go?ic has lo/ its "*2 x is pure ,go?ic no m4 ,,lxxxiv4 ,& ?is la/ clause ( ! def9ition is to be m /rongly insi/$ ^u1 because x includes multitudes ( build+s1 especially dome/ic1 :i* are ,go?ic 9 _s1 b :i* we are n 9 ! habit ( embrac+ 9 our g5]al conception ( ,go?ic ar*itecture2 multitudes ( /reet dwell+-h\ses & /raggl+ c\ntry f>m-h\ses1 built ) little c>e = beauty1 or obs]vance ( ,go?ic laws 9 vaults or w9d[s1 & yet ma9ta9+ _! "* by ! %>p & qua9t gables ( ! ro(s4 ,&1 = ! reason j giv51 a h\se is f> m ,go?ic :i* has squ>e w9d[s1 & a boldly gabl$ ro(1 ?an ! "o :i* has po9t$ ar*es = ! w9d[s1 & a dom$ or flat ro(4 ,= x (t5 happ5$ 9 ! be/ ,go?ic times1 z x mu/ 9 all times1 t x 0 m easy & conv5i5t to make a w9d[ squ>e ?an po9t$2 n b t1 z above emphatically /at$1 ! ri*ness ( *ur* ar*itecture 0 also f\nd 9 dome/ic2 & sy/ematically :5 ! po9t$ ar* 0 us$ 9 ! *ur* x 0 us$ 9 ! /reet1 only 9 all times !re 7 cases 9 :i* m5 c\ld n build z !y w\ld1 & 7 oblig$ to con/ruct _! doors or w9d[s 9 ! readie/ way2 & ?is readie/ way 0 !n1 9 small "w1 z x w be to ! end ( "t1 to put a flat /one = a l9tel & build ! w9d[s z 9 ,fig4 ,,viii42 & ! occurr5ce ( su* w9d[s 9 a build+ or a /reet w n un-,go?icize !m1 s long z ! bold gable ro( be reta9$1 & ! _s ( ! "w be visibly ,go?ic 9 o!r respects4 ,b if ! ro( be wilfully & conspicu\sly ( any o!r =m ?an ! gable1--if x be dom$1 or ,turki%1 or ,*9ese1--! build+ has positive corruption m+l$ ) its ,go?ic elem5ts1 9 proportion to ! conspicu\sness ( ! ro(2 &1 if n absolutely un-,go?iciz$1 c ma9ta9 its "* only by su* vigor ( vital ,go?ic en]gy 9 o!r p>ts z %all cause ! ro( to be =gott51 ?r[n (f l an es*> f ! liv+ frame4 ,nev]!less1 we mu/ always admit t x may be =gott51 & t if ! ,go?ic seal be inde$ set firmly on ! walls1 we are n to cavil at ! =ms res]v$ = ! tiles & leads4 ,=1 obs]ve1 z our def9ition at pres5t /&s1 be+ und]/ood ( l>ge ro(s only1 x w all[ a conical glass-furnace to be a ,go?ic build+1 b w n all[ s mu*1 ei!r ( ! ,duomo ( ,flor5ce1 or ! ,bapti/]y ( ,pisa4 ,we mu/ ei!r m5d x1 !re=e1 or und]/& x 9 "s broad] s5se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,viii4 ,,lxxxv4 ,& n[1 if ! read] w look back to ! fif? p>agraph ( ,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,vol4 ,i41 he w f9d t ,i c>efully ext5d$ my def9ition ( a ro( s z to include m ?an is usually und]/ood by ! t]m4 ,x 0 !re said to be ! cov]+ ( a space1 n>r[ or wide4 ,x does n 9 ! lea/ signify1 ) respect to ! real nature ( ! cov]+1 :e!r ! space protect$ be two feet wide1 or t52 ?\gh 9 ! "o case we call ! protection an ar*1 9 ! o!r a vault or ro(4 ,b ! real po9t to be consid]$ is1 ! mann] 9 :i* ?is protection /&s1 & n :e!r x is n>r[ or broad4 ,we call ! vault+ ( a bridge an ar*1 because x is n>r[ ) respect to ! riv] x crosses2 b if x 7 built above u on ! gr\nd1 we %\ld call x a waggon vault1 because !n we %\ld feel ! bread? ( x4 ,! real "q is ! nature ( ! curve1 n ! ext5t ( space ov] :i* x is c>ri$3 & ?is is m ! case ) respect to ,go?ic ?an to any o!r ar*itecture2 =1 9 ! great] numb] ( in/ances1 ! =m ( ! ro( is entirely dep5d5t on ! ribs2 ! domical %ells be+ con/ruct$ 9 all k9ds ( incl9ations1 q undet]m9able by ! eye1 & all t is def9ite 9 _! "* be+ fix$ by ! curves ( ! ribs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,ix4 ,,lxxxvi4 ,let u !n consid] our def9ition z includ+ ! n>r[e/ ar*1 or trac]y b>1 z well z ! broade/ ro(1 & x w be ne>ly a p]fect "o4 ,= ! fact is1 t all good ,go?ic is no?+ m ?an ! developem5t1 9 v>i\s ways1 & on e conceivable scale1 ( ! gr\p =m$ by ! po9t$ ar* = ! be>+ l9e bel[1 & ! gable = ! protect+ l9e above2 & f ! huge1 gray1 %aly slope ( ! ca!dral ro(1 ) its ela/ic po9t$ vaults b5ea?1 to ! slight cr[n-l po9ts t enri* ! smalle/ ni*e ( its doorway1 "o law & "o expression w be f\nd 9 all4 ,! modes ( support & ( decoration are inf9itely v>i\s1 b ! real "* ( ! build+1 9 all good ,go?ic1 dep5ds ^u ! s+le l9es ( ! gable ov] ! po9t$ ar*1 ,fig4 ,,ix41 endlessly re>rang$ or repeat$4 ,! l>g] woodcut1 ,fig4 ,x41 repres5ts ?ree *>act]i/ic conditions ( ! treatm5t ( ! gr\p3 a1 f a tomb at ,v]ona 7#acbh72 b1 "o ( ! lat]al por*es at ,abbeville2 c1 "o ( ! upp]mo/ po9ts ( ! great we/]n faade ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral2 bo? ^! la/ be+1 ,i believe1 e>ly "w ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! =ms ( ! pure e>ly ,engli% & ,fr5* ,go?ic are too well kn[n to ne$ any notice2 my reason w appe> pres5tly = *oos+1 by way ( example1 ^! some:at r>e conditions4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,x4 ,,lxxxvii4 ,b1 fir/1 let u try :e!r we _c get ! =ms ( ! o!r great ar*itectures ( ! _w broadly express$ by relations ( ! same l9es into :i* we h compress$ ! ,go?ic4 ,we may easily d ?is if ! read] w fir/ all[ me to rem9d him ( ! true nature ( ! po9t$ ar*1 z x 0 express$ 9 ,x4 ,*ap4 ,x4 ( ! fir/ volume4 ,x 0 said !re1 t x ought to be call$ a curv$ gable1 =1 /rictly speak+1 an ar* _c be po9t$4 ,! s-call$ po9t$ ar* ought always to be consid]$ z a gable1 ) its sides curv$ 9 ord] to enable !m to be> pressure f )\t4 ,?us consid]+ x1 !re are b ?ree ways 9 :i* an int]val betwe5 pi]s c be bridg$1--! ?ree ways repres5t$ by ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 ,fig4 ,,xi41#gj on page #bac1--;,a1 ! l9tel2 ,b1 ! r\nd ar*2 ,c1 ! gable4 ,all ! ar*itects 9 ! _w w nev] discov] any o!r ways ( bridg+ a space ?an ^! ?ree2 !y may v>y ! curve ( ! ar*1 or curve ! sides ( ! gable1 or break !m2 b 9 do+ ?is !y are m]ely modify+ or subdivid+1 n add+ to ! g5]ic =ms4 ,,lxxxviii4 ,n[ !re are ?ree good ar*itectures 9 ! _w1 & !re nev] c be m1 correspond5t to ea* ( ^! ?ree simple ways ( cov]+ 9 a space1 :i* is ! orig9al function ( all ar*itectures4 ,& ^? ?ree ar*itectures are pure exactly 9 proportion to ! simplicity & directness ) :i* !y express ! condition ( ro(+ on :i* !y are f\nd$4 ,!y h _m int]e/+ v>ieties1 accord+ to _! scale1 mann] ( decoration1 & "* ( ! nations by :om !y are practis$1 b all _! v>ieties are f9ally ref]able to ! ?ree great heads3-- ,a1 ,greek3 ,ar*itecture ( ! ,l9tel4 ,b1 ,romanesque3 ,ar*itecture ( ! ,r\nd ,ar*4 ,c1 ,go?ic3 ,ar*itecture ( ! ,gable4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xi4 ,! ?ree names1 ,greek1 ,romanesque1 & ,go?ic1 are inde$ inaccurate :5 us$ 9 ?is va/ s5se1 because !y imply national limitations2 b ! ?ree ar*itectures may nev]!less n unfitly receive _! names f ^? nations by :om !y 7 c>ri$ to ! highe/ p]fections4 ,we may ?us briefly /ate _! exi/+ v>ieties4 ,,lxxxix4 ,a4 ,,greek3 ,l9tel ,ar*itecture4 ,! wor/ ( ! ?ree2 &1 consid]$ ) ref]5ce to /one con/ruction1 always 9 "s measure b>b>\s4 ,its simple/ type is ,/oneh5ge2 its mo/ ref9$1 ! ,p>!non2 its noble/1 ! ,temple ( ,k>nak4 ,9 ! h&s ( ! ,egyptian1 x is sublime2 9 ^? ( ! ,greek1 pure2 9 ^? ( ! ,roman1 ri*2 & 9 ^? ( ! ,r5aissance build]1 effem9ate4 ,b4 ,,romanesque3 ,r\nd-ar* ,ar*itecture4 ,nev] ?or\ghly develop$ until ,*ri/ian times4 ,x falls into two great bran*es1 ,ea/]n & ,we/]n1 or ,byzant9e & ,lomb>dic2 *ang+ respectively 9 process ( "t1 ) c]ta9 helps f ea* o!r1 into ,arabian ,go?ic & ,teutonic ,go?ic4 ,its mo/ p]fect ,lomb>dic type is ! ,duomo ( ,pisa2 its mo/ p]fect ,byzant9e type 7,i believe71 ,/4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice4 ,its highe/ glory is1 t x has no corruption4 ,x p]i%es 9 giv+ bir? to ano!r ar*itecture z noble z itself4 ,c4 ,,go?ic3 ,ar*itecture ( ! ,gable4 ,! daught] ( ! ,romanesque2 &1 l ! ,romanesque1 divid$ into two great bran*es1 ,we/]n & ,ea/]n1 or pure ,go?ic & ,arabian ,go?ic2 ( :i* ! latt] is call$ ,go?ic1 only because x has _m ,go?ic =ms1 po9t$ ar*es1 vaults1 c41 b its _s rema9s ,byzant9e1 m especially 9 ! =m ( ! ro(-mask1 ( :i*1 ) respect to ^! ?ree great families1 we h next to det]m9e ! typical =m4 ,,xc4 ,=1 obs]ve1 ! di/9ctions we h hi!rto be5 /at+1 dep5d on ! =m ( ! /ones fir/ laid f pi] to pi]2 t is to say1 ( ! simple/ condition ( ro(s prop]4 ,add+ ! relations ( ! ro(-mask to ^! l9es1 we %all h ! p]fect type ( =m = ea* s*ool4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xii4 ,9 ! ,greek1 ! ,we/]n ,romanesque1 & ,we/]n ,go?ic1 ! ro(-mask is ! gable3 9 ! ,ea/]n ,romanesque1 & ,ea/]n ,go?ic1 x is ! dome3 b ,i h n /udi$ ! ro(+ ( ei!r ( ^! la/ two gr\ps1 & %all n v5ture to g5]alize !m 9 a diagram4 ,b ! ?ree gr\ps1 9 ! h&s ( ! ,we/]n build]s1 may be ?us simply repres5t$3 a1 ,fig4 ,,xii41 ,greek2#ga b1 ,we/]n ,romanesque2 c1 ,we/]n1 or true1 ,go?ic4 ,n[1 obs]ve1 fir/1 t ! relation ( ! ro(-mask to ! ro( prop]1 9 ! ,greek type1 =ms t p$im5t :i* gives its mo/ /rik+ "* to ! temple1 & is ! pr9cipal recipi5t ( its sculptural decoration4 ,! relation ( ^! l9es1 !re=e1 is j z important 9 ! ,greek z 9 ! ,go?ic s*ools4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xiii4 ,,xci4 ,secondly1 ! read] mu/ obs]ve ! diff]5ce ( /eepness 9 ! ,romanesque & ,go?ic gables4 ,?is is n an unimportant di/9ction1 nor an undecid$ "o4 ,! ,romanesque gable does n pass gradually into ! m elevat$ =m2 !re is a great gulf betwe5 ! two2 ! :ole effect ( all ,s\!rn ar*itecture be+ dep5d5t ^u ! use ( ! flat gable1 & ( all ,nor!rn ^u t ( ! acute4 ,i ne$ n "h dwell ^u ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! l9es ( an ,italian village1 or ! flat tops ( mo/ ,italian t[]s1 & ! peak$ gables & spires ( ! ,nor?1 atta9+ _! mo/ fanta/ic developem5t1 ,i believe1 9 ,belgium3 b x may be well to /ate ! law ( sep>ation1 namely1 t a ,go?ic gable mu/ h all its angles acute1 & a ,romanesque "o mu/ h ! upp] "o obtuse3 or1 to give ! read] a simple practical rule1 take any gable1 a or b1 ,fig4 ,,xiii41 & /rike a semicircle on its base2 if its top rises above ! semicircle1 z at b1 x is a ,go?ic gable2 if x falls b5ea? x1 a ,romanesque "o2 b ! be/ =ms 9 ea* gr\p are ^? :i* are di/9ctly /eep1 or di/9ctly l[4 ,9 ! figure f is1 p]haps1 ! av]age ( ,romanesque slope1 & g ( ,go?ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xiv4 ,,xcii4 ,b al?\gh we d n f9d a transition f "o s*ool into ! o!r 9 ! slope ( ! gables1 !re is (t5 a confusion betwe5 ! two s*ools 9 ! association ( ! gable ) ! ar* bel[ x4 ,x has j be5 /at$ t ! pure ,romanesque condition is ! r\nd ar* "u ! l[ gable1 a1 ,fig4 ,,xiv41 & ! pure ,go?ic condition is ! po9t$ ar* "u ! high gable1 b4 ,b 9 ! passage f "o /yle to ! o!r1 we sometimes f9d ! two conditions rev]s$2 ! po9t$ ar* "u a l[ gable1 z d1 or ! r\nd ar* "u a high gable1 z c4 ,! =m d occurs 9 ! tombs ( ,v]ona1 & c 9 ! doors ( ,v5ice4 ,,xciii4 ,we h ?us det]m9$ ! relation ( ,go?ic to ! o!r ar*itectures ( ! _w1 z f> z reg>ds ! ma9 l9es ( its con/ruction2 b !re is /ill "o ^w :i* ne$s to be add$ to our def9ition ( its =m1 ) respect to a "p ( its decoration1 :i* rises out ( t con/ruction4 ,we h se5 t ! fir/ condition ( its =m is1 t x %all h po9t$ ar*es4 ,:5 ,go?ic is p]fect1 !re=e1 x w foll[ t ! po9t$ ar*es mu/ be built 9 ! /ronge/ possible mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xv4 ,n[1 if ! read] w look back to ,*apt] ,,xi4 ( ,vol4 ,i41 he w f9d ! subject ( ! masonry ( ! po9t$ ar* discuss$ at l5g?1 & ! conclusion d$uc$1 t ( all possible =ms ( ! po9t$ ar* 7a c]ta9 weight ( mat]ial be+ giv571 t g5]ically repres5t$ at e1 ,fig4 ,,xv41 is ! /ronge/4 ,9 fact1 ! read] c see 9 a mom5t t ! weakness ( ! po9t$ ar* is 9 its flanks1 & t by m]ely ?ick5+ !m gradually at ?is po9t all *ance ( fracture is remov$4 ,or1 p]haps1 m simply /ill3--,suppose a gable built ( /one1 z at a1 & press$ ^u f )\t by a weight 9 ! direction ( ! arr[1 cle>ly x w\ld be liable to fall 91 z at b4 ,to prev5t ?is1 we make a po9t$ ar* ( x1 z at c2 & n[ x _c fall inw>ds1 b if press$ ^u f above may give way outw>ds1 z at d4 ,b at la/ we build z at e1 & n[ x c nei!r fall out nor 94 ,,xciv4 ,! =ms ( ar* ?us obta9$1 ) a po9t$ projection call$ a cusp on ea* side1 mu/ = ev] be delightful to ! human m9d1 z be+ expressive ( ! utmo/ /r5g? & p]man5cy obta9able ) a giv5 mass ( mat]ial4 ,b x 0 n by any su* process ( reason+1 nor ) any ref]5ce to laws ( con/ruction1 t ! cusp 0 orig9ally inv5t$4 ,x is m]ely ! special application to ! ar* ( ! great ornam5tal sy/em ( ,,foliation2 or ! adaptation ( ! =ms ( leafage :i* has be5 above insi/$ ^u z ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ic ( ,go?ic ,naturalism4 ,?is love ( foliage 0 exactly proportion$1 9 its int5sity1 to ! increase ( /r5g? 9 ! ,go?ic _s3 9 ! ,s\!rn ,go?ic x is s(t leafage t is mo/ lov$2 9 ! ,nor!rn ?orny leafage4 ,& if we take up any ,nor!rn illum9at$ manuscript ( ! great ,go?ic "t1 we %all f9d e "o ( its leaf ornam5ts surr\nd$ by a ?orny /ructure laid r\nd x 9 gold or 9 color2 sometimes app>5tly copi$ fai?fully f ! prickly developem5t ( ! root ( ! leaf 9 ! ?i/le1 runn+ along ! /ems & bran*es exactly z ! ?i/le leaf does along its own /em1 & ) %>p sp9es proce$+ f ! po9ts1 z 9 ,fig4 ,,xvi4 ,at o!r times1 & = ! mo/ "p 9 "w 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! gold5 gr\nd takes ! =m ( pure & sev]e cusps1 sometimes enclos+ ! leaves1 sometimes fill+ up ! =ks ( ! bran*es 7z 9 ! example fig4 #a1 ,plate ,i4 ,vol4 ,,iii471 pass+ imp]ceptibly f ! di/9ctly vegetable condition 79 :i* x is j z c]ta9ly repres5tative ( ! ?orn1 z o!r p>ts ( ! design are ( ! bud1 leaf1 & fruit7 into ! cre/s on ! necks1 or ! membran\s sails ( ! w+s1 ( s]p5ts1 dragons1 & o!r grotesques1 z 9 ,fig4 ,,xvii41 & into ri* & vague fantasies ( curvature2 among :i*1 h[ev]1 ! pure cusp$ sy/em ( ! po9t$ ar* is cont9ually disc]nible1 n accid5tally1 b design$ly indicat$1 & connect+ itself ) ! lit]ally ar*itectural portions ( ! design4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xvi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xvii4 ,,xcv4 ,! sy/em1 !n1 ( :at is call$ ,foliation1 :e!r simple1 z 9 ! cusp$ ar*1 or complicat$1 z 9 trac]y1 rose out ( ?is love ( leafage2 n t ! =m ( ! ar* is int5d$ to imitate a leaf1 b to be inve/$ ) ! same *>act]s ( beauty :i* ! design] _h discov]$ 9 ! leaf4 ,obs]ve1 !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two int5tions4 ,! idea t l>ge ,go?ic /ructure1 9 ar*es & ro(s1 0 int5d$ to imitate vegetation is1 z above notic$1 unt5able = an in/ant 9 ! front ( facts4 ,b ! ,go?ic build] p]ceiv$ t1 9 ! leaves :i* he copi$ = 8 m9or decorations1 !re 0 a peculi> beauty1 aris+ f c]ta9 *>act]s ( curvature 9 outl9e1 & c]ta9 me?ods ( subdivision & ( radiation 9 /ructure4 ,on a small scale1 9 8 sculptures & 8 missal-pa9t+1 he copi$ ! leaf or ?orn itself2 on a l>ge scale he adopt$ f x its ab/ract s\rces ( beauty1 & gave ! same k9ds ( curvatures & ! same species ( subdivision to ! outl9e ( 8 ar*es1 s f> z 0 consi/5t ) _! /r5g?1 nev]1 9 any s+le in/ance1 sugge/+ ! resemblance to leafage by irregul>ity ( outl9e1 b keep+ ! /ructure p]fectly simple1 &1 z we h se51 s consi/5t ) ! be/ pr9ciples ( masonry1 t 9 ! f9e/ ,go?ic designs ( ar*es1 :i* are always s+le cusp$ 7! c9quefoil$ ar* be+ lic5ti\s1 ?\gh 9 e>ly "w (t5 v lovely71 x is lit]ally impossible1 )\t consult+ ! context ( ! build+1 to say :e!r ! cusps h be5 add$ = ! sake ( beauty or ( /r5g?2 nor1 ?\gh 9 m$ival ar*itecture !y 71 ,i believe1 assur$ly fir/ employ$ 9 m]e love ( _! picturesque =m1 am ,i absolutely c]ta9 t _! e>lie/ inv5tion 0 n a /ructural ef=t4 ,= ! e>lie/ cusps ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$ are ^? us$ 9 ! vaults ( ! great gall]ies ( ! ,s]apeum1 discov]$ 9 #ahej by ,m4 ,maniette at ,memphis1 & describ$ by ,colonel ,hamilton 9 a pap] read 9 ,febru>y la/ be=e ! ,royal ,society ( ,lit]ature4#gb ,! ro(s ( its gall]ies 7 admirably %[n 9 ,colonel ,hamilton's draw+s made to scale ^u ! spot1 & _! pr(ile is a cusp$ r\nd ar*1 p]fectly pure & simple2 b :e!r ?r[n into ?is =m = ! sake ( /r5g? or ( grace1 ,i am unable to say4 ,,xcvi4 ,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t ! /ructural advantage ( ! cusp is available only 9 ! case ( ar*es on a comp>atively small scale4 ,if ! ar* becomes v l>ge1 ! projections "u ! flanks mu/ become too pond]\s to be secure2 ! susp5d$ weight ( /one w\ld be liable to break (f1 & su* ar*es are !re=e nev] con/ruct$ ) heavy cusps1 b r5d]$ secure by g5]al mass ( masonry2 & :at additional appe>ance ( support may be ?\ght necess>y 7sometimes a consid]able degree ( actual support7 is giv5 by means ( trac]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xviii4 ,,xcvii4 ,( :at ,i /at$ 9 ! second *apt] ( ! ,sev5 ,lamps respect+ ! nature ( trac]y1 ,i ne$ repeat "h only ?is mu*1 t x began 9 ! use ( p5etrations ?r\gh ! /one-"w ( w9d[s or walls1 cut into =ms :i* look$ l />s :5 se5 f )91 & l leaves :5 se5 f )\t3 ! "n foil or feuille be+ univ]sally appli$ to ! sep>ate lobes ( _! extremities1 & ! pleasure receiv$ f !m be+ ! same z t :i* we feel 9 ! triple1 quadruple1 or o!r radiat$ leaves ( vegetation1 jo9$ ) ! p]ception ( a sev]ely geometrical ord] & symmetry4 ,a few ( ! mo/ common =ms are repres5t$1 unconfus$ by ext]ior m\ld+s1 9 ,fig4 ,,xviii41 & ! be/ trac]ies are no?+ m ?an close clu/]s ( su* =ms1 ) m\ld+s foll[+ _! outl9es4 ,,xcviii4 ,! t]m foliat$1 !re=e1 is equally descriptive ( ! mo/ p]fect conditions bo? ( ! simple ar* & ( ! trac]ies by :i*1 9 lat] ,go?ic1 x is fill$2 & ?is foliation is an ess5tial "* ( ! /yle4 ,no ,go?ic is ei!r good or *>act]i/ic :i* is n foliat$ ei!r 9 its ar*es or ap]tures4 ,sometimes ! be>+ ar*es are foliat$1 & ! ornam5tation above compos$ ( figure sculpture2 sometimes ! be>+ ar*es are pla91 & ! ornam5tation above !m is compos$ ( foliat$ ap]tures4 ,b ! elem5t ( foliation mu/ ent] some:]e1 or ! /yle is imp]fect4 ,& our f9al def9ition ( ,go?ic w1 !re=e1 /& ?us3-- ,foliat$ ,ar*itecture1 :i* uses ! po9t$ ar* = ! ro( prop]1 & ! gable = ! ro(-mask4 ,,xcix4 ,& n[ !re is b "o po9t m to be exam9$1 & we h done4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xix4 ,foliation1 :ile x is ! mo/ di/9ctive & peculi>1 is also ! easie/ me?od ( decoration :i* ,go?ic ar*itecture possesses2 &1 al?\gh 9 ! disposition ( ! proportions & =ms ( foils1 ! mo/ noble imag9ation may be %[n1 yet a build] )\t imag9ation at all1 or any o!r faculty ( design1 c produce "s effect ^u ! mass ( 8 "w by m]ely cov]+ x ) fooli% foliation4 ,?r[ any numb] ( cross+ l9es toge!r at r&om1 z 9 ,fig4 ,,xix41 & fill _! squ>es & oblong op5+s ) quatrefoils & c9quefoils1 & y w imm$iately h :at w /&1 ) mo/ p1 = v satisfactory ,go?ic4 ,! slighte/ possible acqua9tance ) exi/+ =ms w enable any ar*itect to v>y 8 patt]ns ( foliation ) z mu* ease z he w\ld ^? ( a kaleidoscope1 & to produce a build+ :i* ! pres5t ,european public w ?9k magnific5t1 ?\gh !re may n be1 f f\ndation to cop+1 "o ray ( inv5tion1 or any o!r intellectual m]it1 9 ! :ole mass ( x4 ,b floral decoration1 & ! disposition ( m\ld+s1 require "s skill & ?\ght2 &1 if !y are to be agreeable at all1 mu/ be v]ily inv5t$1 or accurately copi$4 ,!y _c be drawn altoge!r at r&om1 )\t becom+ s commonplace z to involve detection3 & al?\gh1 z ,i h j said1 ! noble/ imag9ation may be %[n 9 ! dispositions ( trac]ies1 !re is f> m room = its play & p[] :5 ^? trac]ies are associat$ ) floral or animal ornam5t2 & x is probable1 priori1 t1 :]ev] true inv5tion exi/s1 su* ornam5t w be employ$ 9 pr(usion4 ,c4 ,n[1 all ,go?ic may be divid$ into two va/ s*ools1 "o e>ly1 ! o!r late2#gc ( :i* ! =m]1 noble1 inv5tive1 & progressive1 uses ! elem5t ( foliation mod]ately1 t ( floral & figure sculpture decoration pr(usely2 ! latt]1 ignoble1 un9v5tive1 & decl9+1 uses foliation immod]ately1 floral & figure sculpture subord9ately4 ,! two s*ools t\* ea* o!r at t in/ant ( mom5t\s *ange1 dwelt ^u 9 ! ,sev5 ,lamps1 *ap1 ii41 a p]iod lat] or e>li] 9 diff]5t di/ricts1 b :i* may be broadly /at$ z ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 bo? /yles be+1 ( c\rse1 9 _! highe/ excell5ce at ! mom5t :5 !y meet1 ! "o asc5d+ to ! po9t ( junction1 ! "o decl9+ f x1 b1 at fir/1 n 9 any m>k$ degree1 & only %[+ ! *>act]s :i* ju/ify its be+ above call$1 g5]ically1 ignoble1 z its decl5sion rea*es /eep] slope4 ,,ci4 ,( ^! two great s*ools1 ! fir/ uses foliation only 9 l>ge & simple masses1 & cov]s ! m9or memb]s1 cusps1 c41 ( t foliation1 ) v>i\s sculpture4 ,! latt] decorates foliation itself ) m9or foliation1 & breaks its trac]ies into endless & lace-l subdivision ( trac]y4 ,a few in/ances w expla9 ! diff]5ce cle>ly4 ,fig4 #b1 ,plate ,,xii41 repres5ts half ( an eight-foil$ ap]ture f ,salisbury2 :]e ! elem5t ( foliation is employ$ 9 ! l>g] disposition ( ! />ry =m2 b 9 ! decoration ( ! cusp x has entirely disappe>$1 & ! ornam5t is floral4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xii4 ,,l9e> ,,& ,,surface ,,go?ic4 ,b 9 fig4 #a1 :i* is "p ( a fr+e r\nd "o ( ! lat] w9d[s 9 ,r\5 ,ca!dral1 ! foliation is fir/ c>ri$ boldly r\nd ! ar*1 & !n ea* cusp ( x divid$ into o!r =ms ( foliation4 ,! two l>g] canopies ( ni*es bel[1 figs4 #e & #f1 are respectively ^? se5 at ! flanks ( ! two upp]mo/ examples ( gabl$ ,go?ic 9 ,fig4 ,x41 p4 #bac4 ,^? examples 7 !re *os5 9 ord] also to illu/rate ! di/9ction 9 ! "* ( ornam5tation :i* we are at pres5t exam9+2 & if ! read] w look back to !m1 & comp>e _! me?ods ( treatm5t1 he w at once be enabl$ to fix t di/9ction cle>ly 9 8 m9d4 ,he w obs]ve t 9 ! upp]mo/ ! elem5t ( foliation is scrupul\sly conf9$ to ! be>+ ar*es ( ! gable1 & ( ! lat]al ni*es1 s t1 on any giv5 side ( ! monum5t1 only ?ree foliat$ ar*es are disc]nible4 ,all ! re/ ( ! ornam5tation is bossy sculpture1 set on ! broad m>ble surface4 ,on ! po9t ( ! gable are set ! %ield & dog-cre/ ( ! ,scalas1 ) its bronze w+s1 z ( a dragon1 ?r[n out f x on ei!r side2 bel[1 an admirably sculptur$ oak-tree fills ! c5tre ( ! field2 b5ea? x is ! dea? ( ,abel1 ,abel ly+ dead ^u 8 face on "o side1 ,ca9 opposite1 look+ up to heav5 9 t]ror3 ! bord] ( ! ar* is =m$ ( v>i\s leafage1 alt]nat+ ) ! scala %ield2 & ! cusps are ea* fill$ by "o fl[]1 & two broad fl[+ leaves4 ,! :ole is exquisitely reliev$ by color2 ! gr\nd be+ ( pale r$ ,v]ona m>ble1 & ! /atues & foliage ( :ite ,c>r>a m>ble1 inlaid4 ,,cii4 ,! figure bel[ x1 b1 repres5ts ! s\!rn lat]al door ( ! pr9cipal *ur* 9 ,abbeville3 ! smallness ( ! scale compell$ me to make x some:at heavi] 9 ! l9es ( its trac]ies ?an x is 9 reality1 b ! door itself is "o ( ! mo/ exquisite pieces ( flamboyant ,go?ic 9 ! _w2 & x is int]e/+ to see ! %ield introduc$ "h1 at ! po9t ( ! gable1 9 exactly ! same mann] z 9 ! upp] example1 & ) precisely ! same purpose1--to /ay ! eye 9 its asc5t1 & to keep x f be+ (f5d$ by ! %>p po9t ( ! gable1 ! rev]s$ angle ( ! %ield be+ s en]getic z completely to balance ! upw>d t5d5cy ( ! great conv]g5t l9es4 ,x w be se51 h[ev]1 z ?is example is /udi$1 t its o!r decorations are altoge!r diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,v]onese tomb2 t1 "h1 ! :ole effect is dep5d5t on m]e multiplications ( simil> l9es ( trac]y1 sculpture be+ h>dly introduc$ except 9 ! seat$ /atue "u ! c5tral ni*e1 &1 =m]ly1 9 gr\ps fill+ ! %ad[y holl[s "u ! small ni*es 9 ! ar*ivolt1 b brok5 away 9 ! ,revolution4 ,& if n[ we turn to ,plate ,,xii41 j pass$1 & exam9e ! heads ( ! two lat]al ni*es !re giv5 f ea* ( ^! monum5ts on a l>g] scale1 ! contra/ w be yet m app>5t4 ,! "o f ,abbeville 7fig4 #e71 ?\gh x conta9s mu* floral "w ( ! crisp ,nor!rn k9d 9 its f9ial & crockets1 yet dep5ds = all its effect on ! v>i\s patt]ns ( foliation ) :i* its spaces are fill$2 & x is s cut ?r\gh & ?r\gh t x is h>dly /rong] ?an a piece ( lace3 :]eas ! p9nacle f ,v]ona dep5ds = its effect on "o broad mass ( %ad[1 boldly %ap$ into ! trefoil 9 its be>+ ar*2 & !re is no o!r trefoil on t side ( ! ni*e4 ,all ! re/ ( its decoration is floral1 or by almonds & bosses2 & its surface ( /one is unpi]c$1 & kept 9 broad light1 & ! mass ( x ?ick & /rong en\gh to /& = z _m m c5turies z x has already /ood1 sca!less1 9 ! op5 /reet ( ,v]ona4 ,! figures #c & #d1 above ea* ni*e1 %[ h[ ! same pr9ciples are c>ri$ out into ! smalle/ details ( ! two edifices1 #c be+ ! m\ld+ :i* bord]s ! gable at ,abbeville1 & #d1 t 9 ! same position at ,v]ona2 & z ?us 9 all cases ! di/9ction 9 _! treatm5t rema9s ! same1 ! "o attract+ ! eye to broad sculptur$ surfaces1 ! o!r to involutions ( intricate l9es1 ,i %all h]eaft] *>act]ize ! two s*ools1 :5ev] ,i h occasion to ref] to !m1 ! "o z ,surface-,go?ic1 ! o!r z ,l9e>-,go?ic4 ,,ciii4 ,n[ obs]ve3 x is n1 at pres5t1 ! "q1 :e!r ! =m ( ! ,v]onese ni*e1 & ! design ( its fl[]-"w1 be z good z !y might h be52 b simply1 :i* ( ! two ar*itectural pr9ciples is ! great] & bett]4 ,& ?is we _c hesitate = an in/ant 9 decid+4 ,! ,v]onese ,go?ic is /rong 9 its masonry1 simple 9 its masses1 b p]petual 9 its v>iety4 ,! late ,fr5* ,go?ic is weak 9 masonry1 brok5 9 mass1 & repeats ! same idea cont9ually4 ,x is v beautiful1 b ! ,italian ,go?ic is ! nobl] /yle4 ,,civ4 ,yet1 9 say+ t ! ,fr5* ,go?ic repeats "o idea1 ,i mean m]ely t x dep5ds too mu* ^u ! foliation ( its trac]ies4 ,! disposition ( ! trac]ies !mselves is endlessly v>i$ & inv5tive2 & inde$1 ! m9d ( ! ,fr5* workman 01 p]haps1 ev5 ri*] 9 fancy ?an t ( ! ,italian1 only he _h be5 taught a less noble /yle4 ,?is is especially to be rememb]$ ) respect to ! subord9ation ( figure sculpture above notic$ z *>act]i/ic ( ! lat] ,go?ic4 ,x is n t su* sculpture is want+2 on ! contr>y1 x is (t5 work$ into ri*] gr\ps1 & c>ri$ out ) a p]fection ( execution1 f> great] ?an ^? :i* adorn ! e>li] build+s3 b1 9 ! e>ly "w1 x is vigor\s1 prom95t1 & ess5tial to ! beauty ( ! :ole2 9 ! late "w x is enfeebl$1 & %r\d$ 9 ! veil ( trac]y1 f :i* x may (t5 be remov$ ) little h>m to ! g5]al effect4#gd ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xx4 ,,cv4 ,n[ ! read] may re/ assur$ t no pr9ciple ( art is m absolute ?an ?is1--t a composition f :i* any?+ c be remov$ )\t do+ mis*ief is always s f> =? inf]ior4 ,on ?is gr\nd1 !re=e1 if on no o!r1 !re c be no "q1 = a mom5t1 :i* ( ! two s*ools is ! great]2 al?\gh !re are _m mo/ noble works 9 ! ,fr5* trac]i$ ,go?ic1 hav+ a sublimity ( _! own dep5d5t on _! extreme ri*ness & grace ( l9e1 & = :i* we may be mo/ grateful to _! build]s4 ,&1 inde$1 ! sup]iority ( ! ,surface-,go?ic _c be completely felt1 until we comp>e x ) ! m degrad$ ,l9e> s*ools1 z1 = in/ance1 ) our own ,engli% ,p]p5dicul>4 ,! ornam5ts ( ! ,v]onese ni*e1 :i* we h us$ = our example1 are by no means among ! be/ ( _! s*ool1 yet !y w s]ve our purpose = su* a comp>ison4 ,t ( its p9nacle is compos$ ( a s+le upright fl[]+ plant1 ( :i* ! /em %oots up ?r\gh ! c5tres ( ! leaves1 & be>s a p5d5t blossom1 some:at l t ( ! imp]ial lily4 ,! leaves are ?r[n back f ! /em ) s+ul> grace & fre$om1 & =e%ort5$1 z if by a skilful pa9t]1 9 ! %all[ m>ble relief4 ,_! arrangem5t is r\ghly %[n 9 ! little woodcut at ! side 7,fig4 ,,xx472 & if ! read] w simply try ! exp]im5t = himself1--fir/1 ( cov]+ a piece ( pap] ) cross$ l9es1 z if = acc\nts1 & fill+ all ! int]/ices ) any foliation t comes into 8 head1 z 9 ,figure ,,xix4 above2 & !n1 ( try+ to fill ! po9t ( a gable ) a piece ( leafage l t 9 ,figure ,,xx4 above1 putt+ ! figure itself aside1--he w pres5tly f9d t m ?\ght & inv5tion are requir$ to design ?is s+le m9ute p9nacle1 ?an to cov] acres ( gr\nd ) ,engli% p]p5dicul>4 ,,cvi4 ,we h n[1 ,i believe1 obta9$ a suffici5tly accurate k bo? ( ! _s & =m ( ,go?ic ar*itecture2 b x may1 p]haps1 be useful to ! g5]al read]1 if1 9 conclusion1 ,i set d[n a few pla9 & practical rules = det]m9+1 9 e in/ance1 :e!r a giv5 build+ be good ,go?ic or n1 &1 if n ,go?ic1 :e!r its ar*itecture is ( a k9d :i* w probably rew>d ! pa9s ( c>eful exam9ation4 ,,cvii4 ,fir/4 ,look if ! ro( rises 9 a /eep gable1 high above ! walls4 ,if x does n d ?is1 !re is some?+ wrong2 ! build+ is n q pure ,go?ic1 or has be5 alt]$4 ,,cviii4 ,secondly4 ,look if ! pr9cipal w9d[s & doors h po9t$ ar*es ) gables ov] !m4 ,if n po9t$ ar*es1 ! build+ is n ,go?ic2 if !y h n any gables ov] !m1 x is ei!r n pure1 or n fir/-rate4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x has ! /eep ro(1 ! po9t$ ar*1 & gable all unit$1 x is ne>ly c]ta9 to be a ,go?ic build+ ( a v f9e "t4 ,,cix4 ,?irdly4 ,look if ! ar*es are cusp$1 or ap]tures foliat$4 ,if ! build+ has met ! fir/ two conditions1 x is sure to be foliat$ some:]e2 b1 if n ev]y:]e1 ! p>ts :i* are unfoliat$ are imp]fect1 unless !y are l>ge be>+ ar*es1 or small & %>p ar*es 9 gr\ps1 =m+ a k9d ( foliation by _! own multiplicity1 & reliev$ by sculpture & ri* m\ld+s4 ,! upp] w9d[s1 = in/ance1 9 ! ea/ end ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey are imp]fect = want ( foliation4 ,if !re be no foliation any:]e1 ! build+ is assur$ly imp]fect ,go?ic4 ,,cx4 ,f\r?ly4 ,if ! build+ meets all ! fir/ ?ree conditions1 look if its ar*es 9 g5]al1 :e!r ( w9d[s & doors1 or ( m9or ornam5tation1 are c>ri$ on true %afts ) bases & capitals4 ,if !y are1 !n ! build+ is assur$ly ( ! f9e/ ,go?ic /yle4 ,x may /ill1 p]haps1 be an imitation1 a feeble copy1 or a bad example ( a noble /yle2 b ! mann] ( x1 hav+ met all ^! f\r conditions1 is assur$ly fir/-rate4 ,if its ap]tures h n %afts & capitals1 look if !y are pla9 op5+s 9 ! walls1 /udi\sly simple1 & unm\ld$ at ! sides2 z1 = in/ance1 ! ar* 9 ,plate ,,xix4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,if s1 ! build+ may /ill be ( ! f9e/ ,go?ic1 adapt$ to "s dome/ic or milit>y s]vice4 ,b if ! sides ( ! w9d[ be m\ld$1 & yet !re are no capitals at ! spr+ ( ! ar*1 x is assur$ly ( an inf]ior s*ool4 ,?is is all t is necess>y to det]m9e :e!r ! build+ be ( a f9e ,go?ic /yle4 ,! next te/s to be appli$ are 9 ord] to discov] :e!r x be good ar*itecture or n3 = x may be v impure ,go?ic1 & yet v noble ar*itecture2 or x may be v pure ,go?ic1 & yet1 if a copy1 or orig9ally rais$ by an ungift$ build]1 v bad ar*itecture4 ,if x belong to any ( ! great s*ools ( color1 its criticism becomes z complicat$1 & ne$s z mu* c>e1 z t ( a piece ( music1 & no g5]al rules = x c be giv52 b if n-- ,,cxi4 ,fir/4 ,see if x looks z if x _h be5 built by /rong m52 if x has ! sort ( r\ghness1 & l>g5ess1 & non*alance1 mix$ 9 places ) ! exquisite t5d]ness :i* seems always to be ! sign-manual ( ! broad vision1 & massy p[] ( m5 :o c see pa/ ! "w !y are do+1 & betray "h & !re some?+ l disda9 = x4 ,if ! build+ has ?is "*1 x is mu* already 9 its favor2 x w g h>d b x proves a noble "o4 ,if x has n ?is1 b is altoge!r accurate1 m9ute1 & scrupul\s 9 its workman%ip1 x mu/ belong to ei!r ! v be/ or ! v wor/ ( s*ools3 ! v be/1 9 :i* exquisite design is wr\ght out ) untir+ & consci5ti\s c>e1 z 9 ! ,giottesque ,go?ic2 or ! v wor/1 9 :i* me*anism has tak5 ! place ( design4 ,x is m likely1 9 g5]al1 t x %\ld belong to ! wor/ ?an ! be/3 s t1 on ! :ole1 v accurate workman%ip is to be e/eem$ a bad sign2 & if !re is no?+ rem>kable ab\t ! build+ b its precision1 x may be pass$ at once ) contempt4 ,,cxii4 ,secondly4 ,obs]ve if x be irregul>1 its diff]5t p>ts fitt+ !mselves to diff]5t purposes1 no "o c>+ :at becomes ( !m1 s t !y d _! "w4 ,if "o "p always answ]s accurately to ano!r "p1 x is sure to be a bad build+2 & ! great] & m conspicu\s ! irregul>ities1 ! great] ! *ances are t x is a good "o4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! ,ducal ,palace1 ( :i* a r\gh woodcut is giv5 9 ,*ap4 ,,viii41 ! g5]al idea is /]nly symmetrical2 b two w9d[s are l[] ?an ! re/ ( ! six2 & if ! read] w c\nt ! ar*es ( ! small arcade z f> z to ! great balcony1 he w f9d x is n 9 ! c5tre1 b set to ! "r-h& side by ! :ole wid? ( "o ( ^? ar*es4 ,we may be pretty sure t ! build+ is a good "o2 none b a ma/] ( 8 craft w\ld h v5tur$ to d ?is4 ,,cxiii4 ,?irdly4 ,obs]ve if all ! trac]ies1 capitals1 & o!r ornam5ts are ( p]petually v>i$ design4 ,if n1 ! "w is assur$ly bad4 ,,cxiv4 ,la/ly4 ,read ! sculpture4 ,prep>atory to read+ x1 y w h to discov] :e!r x is legible 7&1 if legible1 x is ne>ly c]ta9 to be wor? read+74 ,on a good build+1 ! sculpture is always s set1 & on su* a scale1 t at ! ord9>y di/ance f :i* ! edifice is se51 ! sculpture %all be ?or\ghly intelligible & int]e/+4 ,9 ord] to accompli% ?is1 ! upp]mo/ /atues w be t5 or twelve feet high1 & ! upp] ornam5tation w be colossal1 increas+ 9 f95ess z x desc5ds1 till on ! f\ndation x w (t5 be wr\ght z if = a preci\s cab9et 9 a k+'s *amb]2 b ! spectator w n notice t ! upp] sculptures are colossal4 ,he w m]ely feel t he c see !m pla9ly1 & make !m all out at 8 ease4 ,&1 hav+ asc]ta9$ ?is1 let him set himself to read !m4 ,!nce=w>d ! criticism ( ! build+ is to be conduct$ precisely on ! same pr9ciples z t ( a book2 & x mu/ dep5d on ! k1 feel+1 & n a little on ! indu/ry & p]sev]ance ( ! read]1 :e!r1 ev5 9 ! case ( ! be/ works1 he ei!r p]ceive !m to be great1 or feel !m to be ent]ta9+4 ,,footnotes #ef ,! ?ird k9d ( ornam5t1 ! ,r5aissance1 is t 9 :i* ! inf]ior detail becomes pr9cipal1 ! executor ( e m9or portion be+ requir$ to exhibit skill & possess k z great z t :i* is possess$ by ! ma/] ( ! design2 & 9 ! endeavor to end[ him ) ?is skill & k1 8 own orig9al p[] is ov]:elm$1 & ! :ole build+ becomes a we>isome exhibition ( well-educat$ imbecility4 ,we mu/ fully inquire into ! nature ( ?is =m ( error1 :5 we arrive at ! exam9ation ( ! ,r5aissance s*ools4 #eg ,vide ,preface to ,fair ,maid ( ,p]?4 #eh ,! ,elg9 m>bles are suppos$ by _m p]sons to be p]fect4 ,9 ! mo/ important portions !y inde$ approa* p]fection1 b only !re4 ,! drap]ies are unf9i%$1 ! hair & wool ( ! animals are unf9i%$1 & ! entire bas-reliefs ( ! frieze are r\ghly cut4 #ei ,9 ! eigh? *apt] we %all see a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is sacrifice ( symmetry to conv5i5ce 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! w9d[s ( ! ,ducal ,palace4 #fj ,i am always afraid to use ?is ^w ,composition2 x is s utt]ly misus$ 9 ! g5]al p>lance respect+ art4 ,no?+ is m common ?an to he> divisions ( art into =m1 composition1 & color1 or light & %ade & composition1 or s5tim5t & composition1 or x matt]s n :at else & composition2 ! speak]s 9 ea* case atta*+ a p]fectly diff]5t mean+ to ! ^w1 g5]ally an indi/9ct "o1 & always a wrong "o4 ,composition is1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 putt+ toge!r1 & x means ! putt+ toge!r ( l9es1 ( =ms1 ( colors1 ( %ades1 or ( ideas4 ,pa9t]s compose 9 color1 compose 9 ?\ght1 compose 9 =m1 & compose 9 effect3 ! ^w be+ ( use m]ely 9 ord] to express a sci5tific1 discipl9$1 & inv5tive arrangem5t ( any ( ^!1 in/ead ( a m]ely natural or accid5tal "o4 #fa ,design is us$ 9 ?is place z expressive ( ! p[] to arrange l9es & colors nobly4 ,by facts1 ,i mean facts p]ceiv$ by ! eye & m9d1 n facts accumulat$ by k4 ,see ! *apt] on ,roman ,r5aissance 7,vol4 ,,iii4 ,*ap4 ,,ii47 = ?is di/9ction4 #fb ,e>li]1 t is to say1 pre-,raphaelite ages4 ,m5 ( ?is /amp w praise ,claude1 & su* o!r comp>atively debas$ arti/s2 b !y _c ta/e ! "w ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 #fc ,n selfi% fe>1 caus$ by want ( tru/ 9 ,god1 or ( resolution 9 ! s\l4 #fd ,i res]ve = ano!r place ! full discussion ( ?is int]e/+ subject1 :i* "h w\ld h l$ me too f>2 b x mu/ be not$1 9 pass+1 t ?is vulg> ,purism1 :i* rejects tru?1 n because x is vici\s1 b because x is humble1 & consi/s n 9 *oos+ :at is good1 b 9 disguis+ :at is r\gh1 ext5ds itself into e species ( art4 ,! mo/ def9ite in/ance ( x is ! dress+ ( *>act]s ( peasantry 9 an op]a or ballet sc5e2 & ! walls ( our exhibitions are full ( works ( art :i* exalt nature 9 ! same way1 n by reveal+ :at is great 9 ! he>t1 b by smoo?+ :at is co>se 9 ! complexion4 ,!re is no?+1 ,i believe1 s vulg>1 s hopeless1 s indicative ( an irretrievably base m9d1 z ?is species ( ,purism4 ,( heal?y ,purism c>ri$ to ! utmo/ endurable l5g? 9 ?is direction1 exalt+ ! he>t fir/1 & ! features ) x1 p]haps ! mo/ *>act]i/ic in/ance ,i c give is ,/o?>d's vignette to ,jorasse1 9 ,rog]s's ,italy2 at lea/ x w\ld be s if x c\ld be se5 beside a real gr\p ( ,swiss girls4 ,! poems ( ,rog]s1 comp>$ ) ^? ( ,crabbe1 are admirable in/ances ( ! heal?ie/ ,purism & heal?ie/ ,naturalism 9 poetry4 ,! fir/ great ,naturali/s ( ,*ri/ian art 7 ,orcagna & ,giotto4 #fe ,! read] w und]/& ?is 9 a mom5t by glanc+ at ,plate ,,xx41 ! la/ 9 ?is volume1 :]e ! s]ies #a to #ab repres5ts ! *ange 9 "o k9d ( leaf1 f ! ,byzant9e to ! p]fect ,go?ic4 #ff ,! be/ art ei!r repres5ts ! facts ( its own day1 or1 if facts ( ! pa/1 expresses !m ) accessories ( ! "t 9 :i* ! "w 0 done4 ,all good art1 repres5t+ pa/ ev5ts1 is !re=e full ( ! mo/ frank ana*ronism1 & always ought to be4 ,no pa9t] has any bus9ess to be an antiqu>ian4 ,we d n want 8 impressions or suppositions respect+ ?+s t are pa/4 ,we want 8 cle> ass]tions respect+ ?+s pres5t4 #fg ,see ! acc\nt ( ! meet+ at ,talla ,l9ns1 9 #afhb1 giv5 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ! ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian4 ,at l5g? !y arriv$ at ! conclusion t !y :o own$ 7or all[$7 su* names z ,monday1 ,tuesday1 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 & s =?1 s]v$ !mselves heirs to ! same if n great] puni%m5t ?an _h be5 d5\nc$ aga9/ ! idolat]s ( old4 #fh ,see ! beautiful description ( ,flor5ce 9 ,elizabe? ,br[n+'s ,casa ,guidi ,w9d[s1 :i* is n only a noble poem1 b ! only book ,i h se5 :i*1 favor+ ! ,lib]al cause 9 ,italy1 gives a j acc\nt ( ! incapacities ( ! mod]n ,italian4 #fi ,salisbury spire is only a t[] ) a polygonal gabl$ ro( ( /one1 & s also ! celebrat$ spires ( ,ca5 & ,c\tances4 #gj ,or by ! %ad$ portions ( ,fig4 ,,xxix4 ,vol4 ,i4 #ga ,! read] is n to suppose t ,greek ar*itecture _h always1 or (t51 flat ceil+s1 because ,i call its l9tel ! ro( prop]4 ,he mu/ rememb] ,i always use ^! t]ms ( ! fir/ simple arrangem5ts ( mat]ials t bridge a space2 br++ 9 ! real ro( aft]w>ds1 if ,i c4 ,9 ! case ( ,greek temples x w\ld be va9 to ref] _! /ructure to ! real ro(1 = _m 7 hyp?ral1 & )\t a ro( at all4 ,i am un=tunately m ignorant ( ,egyptian ro(+ ?an ev5 ( ,arabian1 s t ,i _c br+ ?is s*ool into ! diagram2 b ! gable appe>s to h be5 magnific5tly us$ = a be>+ ro(4 ,vide ,mr4 ,f]gusson's section ( ! ,pyramid ( ,geezeh1 ,pr9ciples ( ,beauty 9 ,art1 ,plate ,i41 & 8 expressions ( admiration ( ,egyptian ro( masonry1 page #bja4 #gb ,see ',a!num1' ,m>* #e?1 #ahec4 #gc ,late1 & *iefly conf9$ to ,nor!rn c\ntries1 s t ! two s*ools may be oppos$ ei!r z ,e>ly & ,late ,go?ic1 or 79 ! f\rte5? c5tury7 z ,s\!rn & ,nor!rn ,go?ic4 #gd ,9 _m ( ! be/ ,fr5* ,go?ic *ur*es1 ! gr\ps ( figures h be5 all brok5 away at ! ,revolution1 )\t mu* h>m to ! picturesqu5ess1 ?\gh ) griev\s loss to ! hi/orical value ( ! ar*itecture3 :]eas1 if f ! ni*e at ,v]ona we 7 to remove its floral ornam5ts1 & ! /atue b5ea? x1 no?+ w\ld rema9 b a rude squ>e trefoil$ %ell1 utt]ly valueless1 or ev5 ugly4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,go?ic ,,palaces4 ,i4 ,! build+s out ( ! remnants ( :i* we h endeavor$ to recov] "s conception ( ! appe>ance ( ,v5ice dur+ ! ,byzant9e p]iod1 contribute h>dly any?+ at ?is day to ! effect ( ! /reets ( ! city4 ,!y are too few & too mu* defac$ to attract ! eye or influ5ce ! feel+s4 ,! *>m :i* ,v5ice /ill possesses1 & :i* = ! la/ fifty ye>s has r5d]$ x ! favorite haunt ( all ! pa9t]s ( picturesque subject1 is ow+ to ! effect ( ! palaces belong+ to ! p]iod we h n[ to exam9e1 m+l$ ) ^? ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,?is effect is produc$ 9 two diff]5t ways4 ,! ,r5aissance palaces are n m picturesque 9 !mselves ?an ! club-h\ses ( ,pall ,mall2 b !y become delightful by ! contra/ ( _! sev]ity & ref9em5t ) ! ri* & rude confusion ( ! sea life b5ea? !m1 & ( _! :ite & solid masonry ) ! gre5 waves4 ,remove f b5ea? !m ! orange sails ( ! fi%+ boats1 ! black glid+ ( ! gondolas1 ! cumb]$ decks & r\gh crews ( ! b>ges ( traffic1 & ! fretfulness ( ! gre5 wat] along _! f\ndations1 & ! ,r5aissance palaces possess no m int]e/ ?an ^? ( ,london or ,p>is4 ,b ! ,go?ic palaces are picturesque 9 !mselves1 & wield ov] u an indep5d5t p[]4 ,sea & sky1 & e o!r accessory might be tak5 away f !m1 & /ill !y w\ld be beautiful & /range4 ,!y are n less /rik+ 9 ! lonelie/ /reets ( ,padua & ,vic5za 7:]e _m 7 built dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,v5etian au?ority 9 ^? cities7 ?an 9 ! mo/ cr[d$ ?or\ghf>es ( ,v5ice itself2 & if !y c\ld be transport$ into ! mid/ ( ,london1 !y w\ld /ill n altoge!r lose _! p[] ov] ! feel+s4 ,,ii4 ,! be/ pro( ( ?is is 9 ! p]petual attractiv5ess ( all pictures1 h[ev] poor 9 skill1 :i* h tak5 = _! subject ! pr9cipal ( ^! ,go?ic build+s1 ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,9 spite ( all ar*itectural !ories & tea*+s1 ! pa9t+s ( ?is build+ are always felt to be delightful2 we _c be we>i$ by !m1 ?\gh (t5 sorely tri$2 b we are n put to ! same trial 9 ! case ( ! palaces ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,!y are nev] drawn s+ly1 or z ! pr9cipal subject1 nor c !y be4 ,! build+ :i* faces ! ,ducal ,palace on ! opposite side ( ! ,piazzetta is celebrat$ among ar*itects1 b x is n famili> to our eyes2 x is pa9t$ only incid5tally1 = ! completion1 n ! subject1 ( a ,v5etian sc5e2 & ev5 ! ,r5aissance arcades ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,place1 ?\gh frequ5tly pa9t$1 are always treat$ z a m]e av5ue to its ,byzant9e *ur* & colossal t[]4 ,& ! ,ducal ,palace itself owes ! peculi> *>m :i* we h hi!rto felt1 n s mu* to its great] size z comp>$ ) o!r ,go?ic build+s1 or nobl] design 7= x nev] yet has be5 rightly drawn71 z to its comp>ative isolation4 ,! o!r ,go?ic /ructures are z mu* injur$ by ! cont9ual juxtaposition ( ! ,r5aissance palaces1 z ! latt] are aid$ by x2 !y exhau/ _! own life by brea?+ x into ! ,r5aissance coldness3 b ! ,ducal ,palace /&s comp>atively alone1 & fully expresses ! ,go?ic p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxi4 ,,iii4 ,& x is j t x %\ld be s se51 = x is ! orig9al ( ne>ly all ! re/4 ,x is n ! elaborate & m /udi$ developem5t ( a national /yle1 b ! great & sudd5 inv5tion ( "o man1 in/antly =m+ a national /yle1 & becom+ ! model = ! imitation ( e ar*itect 9 ,v5ice = upw>ds ( a c5tury4 ,x 0 ! det]m9ation ( ?is "o fact :i* occupi$ me ! great] "p ( ! "t ,i sp5t 9 ,v5ice4 ,x _h always appe>$ to me mo/ /range t !re %\ld be 9 no "p ( ! city any incipi5t or imp]fect types ( ! =m ( ! ,ducal ,palace2 x 0 difficult to believe t s mighty a build+ _h be5 ! conception ( "o man1 n only 9 disposition & detail1 b 9 /yle2 & yet impossible1 _h x be5 o!rwise1 b t "s e>ly examples ( approximate ,go?ic =m mu/ exi/4 ,!re is n "o4 ,! palaces built betwe5 ! f9al cessation ( ! ,byzant9e /yle1 ab\t #acjj1 & ! date ( ! ,ducal ,palace 7#acbj-acej71 are all completely di/9ct 9 "*1 s di/9ct t ,i at fir/ int5d$ ! acc\nt ( !m to =m a sep>ate section ( ?is volume2 & !re is lit]ally no transitional =m betwe5 !m & ! p]fection ( ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,e ,go?ic build+ 9 ,v5ice :i* resembles ! latt] is a copy ( x4 ,i d n mean t !re 0 no ,go?ic 9 ,v5ice be=e ! ,ducal ,palace1 b t ! mode ( its application to dome/ic ar*itecture _h n be5 det]m9$4 ,! real root ( ! ,ducal ,palace is ! apse ( ! *ur* ( ! ,fr>i4 ,! trac]ies ( t apse1 ?\gh e>li] & rud] 9 workman%ip1 are ne>ly ! same 9 m\ld+s1 & precisely ! same 9 treatm5t 7especially 9 ! plac+ ( ! lions' heads71 z ^? ( ! great ,ducal ,arcade2 & ! orig9ality ( ?\ght 9 ! ar*itect ( ! ,ducal ,palace consi/s 9 8 hav+ adapt$ ^? trac]ies1 9 a m highly develop$ & f9i%$ =m1 to civil uses4 ,9 ! apse ( ! *ur* !y =m n>r[ & tall w9d[ lights1 some:at m massive ?an ^? ( ,nor!rn ,go?ic1 b simil> 9 application3 ! ?+ to be done 0 to adapt ^! trac]ies to ! =ms ( dome/ic build+ necessitat$ by national usage4 ,! e>ly palaces consi/$1 z we h se51 ( arcades su/a9+ walls fac$ ) m>ble1 r broad & long ?an elevat$4 ,?is =m 0 kept = ! ,ducal ,palace2 b in/ead ( r\nd ar*es f %aft to %aft1 ! ,fr>i trac]ies 7 sub/itut$1 ) two ess5tial modifications4 ,besides be+ enorm\sly increas$ 9 scale & ?ickness1 t !y might bett] be> ! sup]9cumb5t weight1 ! quatrefoil1 :i* 9 ! ,fr>i w9d[s is above ! ar*1 z at a1 ,fig4 ,,xxi41 on previ\s page1 01 9 ! ,ducal ,palace1 put betwe5 ! ar*es1 z at b2 ! ma9 reason = ?is alt]ation be+ t ! be>+ p[] ( ! ar*es1 :i* 0 n[ to be tru/$ ) ! weight ( a wall =ty feet high1#ge 0 ?us ?r[n betwe5 ! quatrefoils1 in/ead ( "u !m1 & !reby appli$ at f> bett] advantage4 ,&1 9 ! second place1 ! jo9ts ( ! masonry 7 *ang$4 ,9 ! ,fr>i 7z (t5 also 9 ,/4 ,john & ,/4 ,paul's7 ! trac]y is =m$ ( two simple cross b>s or slabs ( /one1 pi]c$ into ! requisite =ms1 & sep>at$ by a horizontal jo9t1 j on a level ) ! l[e/ cusp ( ! quatrefoils1 z se5 9 ,fig4 ,,xxi41 a4 ,b at ! ,ducal ,palace ! horizontal jo9t is 9 ! c5tre ( ! quatrefoils1 & two o!rs are introduc$ b5ea? x at "r angles to ! run ( ! m\ld+s1 z se5 9 ,fig4 ,,xxi41 b4#gf ,! ,ducal ,palace build] 0 /]nly resolute 9 c>ry+ out ?is rule ( masonry4 ,9 ! trac]ies ( ! l>ge upp] w9d[s1 :]e ! cusps are cut ?r\gh z 9 ! quatrefoil ,fig4 ,,xxii41 ! l[] cusp is left p>tly solid1 z at a1 m]ely t ! jo9t a b may h its "r place & direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxii4 ,,iv4 ,! asc]ta9+ ! =mation ( ! ,ducal ,palace trac]ies f ^? ( ! ,fr>i1 & its priority to all o!r build+s :i* resemble x 9 ,v5ice1 rew>d$ me = a great deal ( un9t]e/+ labor 9 ! exam9ation ( m\ld+s & o!r m9or features ( ! ,go?ic palaces1 9 :i* alone ! int]nal evid5ce ( _! date 0 to be discov]$1 !re be+ no hi/orical records :atev] respect+ !m4 ,b ! accumulation ( details on :i* ! complete pro( ( ! fact dep5ds1 c\ld n ei!r be br\ght )9 ! compass ( ?is volume1 or be made 9 anywise int]e/+ to ! g5]al read]4 ,i %all !re=e1 )\t involv+ myself 9 any discussion1 give a brief acc\nt ( ! developem5t ( ,go?ic design 9 ,v5ice1 z ,i believe x to h tak5 place4 ,i %all possibly be able at "s future p]iod s to compress ! evid5ce on :i* my conviction re/s1 z to r5d] x intelligible to ! public1 :ile1 9 ! meantime1 "s ( ! m ess5tial po9ts ( x are ?r[n toge!r 9 ! ,app5dix1 & 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,ducal ,palace giv5 9 ! next *apt]4 ,v4 ,accord+1 !n1 to ! /atem5t j made1 ! ,go?ic ar*itecture ( ,v5ice is divid$ into two great p]iods3 "o1 9 :i*1 :ile v>i\s irregul> ,go?ic t5d5cies are exhibit$1 no consi/5t type ( dome/ic build+ 0 develop$2 ! o!r1 9 :i* a =m$ & consi/5t s*ool ( dome/ic ar*itecture result$ f ! direct imitation ( ! great design ( ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,we mu/ deal ) ^! two p]iods sep>ately2 ! fir/ ( !m be+ t :i* has be5 (t5 above allud$ to1 "u ! "n ( ! transitional p]iod4 ,we %all consid] 9 succession ! g5]al =m1 ! w9d[s1 doors1 balconies1 & p>apets1 ( ! ,go?ic palaces belong+ to ea* ( ^! p]iods4 ,,vi4 ,fir/4 ,g5]al ,=m4 ,we h se5 t ! wrecks ( ! ,byzant9e palaces consi/$ m]ely ( upp] & l[] arcades surr\nd+ cortiles2 ! disposition ( ! int]iors be+ n[ entirely *ang$1 & _! orig9al condition untraceable4 ,! entrances to ^! e>ly build+s are1 = ! mo/ "p1 m]ely l>ge circul> ar*es1 ! c5tral features ( _! cont9u\s arcades3 !y d n pres5t u ) def9itely sep>at$ w9d[s & doors4 ,b a great *ange takes place 9 ! ,go?ic p]iod4 ,^! long arcades break1 z x 71 into pieces1 & coagulate into c5tral & lat]al w9d[s1 & small ar*$ doors1 pi]c$ 9 great surfaces ( brick wall4 ,! sea /ory ( a ,byzant9e palace consi/s ( sev51 n9e1 or m ar*es 9 a cont9u\s l9e2 b ! sea /ory ( a ,go?ic palace consi/s ( a door & "o or two w9d[s on ea* side1 z 9 a mod]n h\se4 ,! fir/ /ory ( a ,byzant9e palace consi/s (1 p]haps1 eighte5 or tw5ty ar*es1 rea*+ f "o side ( ! h\se to ! o!r2 ! fir/ /ory ( a ,go?ic palace consi/s ( a w9d[ ( f\r or five lights 9 ! c5tre1 & "o or two s+le w9d[s on ea* side4 ,! g]m1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,go?ic arrangem5t is already f\nd 9 ! ,byzant9e1 :]e1 z we h se51 ! arcades1 ?\gh cont9u\s1 are always compos$ ( a c5tral mass & two w+s ( small] ar*es4 ,! c5tral gr\p becomes ! door or ! middle light ( ! ,go?ic palace1 & ! w+s break into its lat]al w9d[s4 ,,vii4 ,b ! mo/ ess5tial diff]5ce 9 ! entire arrangem5t1 is ! loss ( ! unity ( conception :i*1 regulat$ ,byzant9e composition4 ,h[ subtle ! s5se ( gradation :i* dispos$ ! magnitudes ( ! e>ly palaces we h se5 already1 b ,i h n hi!rto notic$ t ! ,byzant9e "w 0 c5traliz$ 9 its ornam5tation z mu* z 9 its proportions4 ,n only 7 ! lat]al capitals & ar*ivolts kept comp>atively pla91 :ile ! c5tral ones 7 sculptur$1 b ! midmo/ piece ( sculpture1 :atev] x might be1--capital1 inlaid circle1 or ar*itrave1--0 always made sup]ior to ! re/4 ,9 ! ,fondaco de' ,tur*i1 = in/ance1 ! midmo/ capital ( ! upp] arcade is ! key to ! :ole gr\p1 l>g] & m /udi$ ?an all ! re/2 & ! lat]al ones are s dispos$ z to answ] ea* o!r on ! opposite sides1 ?us1 ,a be+ put = ! c5tral "o1 ,f ,e ,b ,c ,a ,c ,b ,e ,f1 a sudd5 break ( ! sy/em be+ admitt$ 9 "o unique capital at ! extremity ( ! s]ies4 ,,viii4 ,n[1 long aft] ! ,byzant9e arcades _h be5 contract$ into w9d[s1 ?is sy/em ( c5tralization 0 m or less ma9ta9$2 & 9 all ! e>ly gr\ps ( w9d[s ( five lights ! midmo/ capital is diff]5t f ! two on ea* side ( x1 :i* always correspond4 ,s /rictly is ?is ! case1 t :5ev] ! capitals ( any gr\p ( w9d[s are n c5traliz$ 9 ?is mann]1 b are ei!r entirely l ea* o!r1 or all diff]5t1 s z to %[ no correspond5ce1 x is a c]ta9 pro(1 ev5 if no o!r %\ld exi/1 ( ! comp>ative lat5ess ( ! build+4 ,9 e gr\p ( w9d[s 9 ,v5ice :i* ,i 0 able to exam9e1 & :i* 7 c5traliz$ 9 ?is mann]1 ,i f\nd evid5ce 9 _! m\ld+s ( _! be+ ant]ior to ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,t palace did away ) ! subtle proportion & c5tralization ( ! ,byzant9e4 ,its ar*es are ( equal wid?1 & its capitals are all diff]5t & ungr\p$2 "s1 inde$1 are l>g] ?an ! re/1 b ?is is n = ! sake ( proportion1 only = p>ticul> s]vice :5 m weight is to be borne4 ,b1 among o!r evid5ces ( ! e>ly date ( ! sea faade ( t build+1 is "o subtle & delicate concession to ! sy/em ( c5tralization :i* is f9ally clos$4 ,! capitals ( ! upp] arcade are1 z ,i said1 all diff]5t1 & %[ no arrang$ correspond5ce ) ea* o!r2 b ! c5tral "o is ( pure ,p>ian m>ble1 :ile all ! o!rs are ( ,i/rian /one4 ,! bold decoration ( ! c5tral w9d[ & balcony above1 9 ! ,ducal ,palace1 is only a peculi> expression ( ! pr9cipality ( ! c5tral w9d[1 :i* 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,go?ic p]iod n less ?an ( ! ,byzant9e4 ,9 ! private palaces ! c5tral w9d[s become ( importance by _! numb] ( lights2 9 ! ,ducal ,palace su* an arrangem5t 01 = v>i\s reasons1 inconv5i5t1 & ! c5tral w9d[1 :i*1 s f> f be+ m important ?an ! o!rs1 is e way inf]ior 9 design to ! two at ! ea/]n extremity ( ! faade1 0 nev]!less made ! lead+ feature by its noble canopy & balcony4 ,,ix4 ,su* be+ ! pr9cipal diff]5ces 9 ! g5]al conception ( ! ,byzant9e & ,go?ic palaces1 ! p>ticul>s 9 ! treatm5t ( ! latt] are easily /at$4 ,! m>ble fac+s are gradually remov$ f ! walls2 & ! b>e brick ei!r /&s =? confess$ boldly1 contra/$ ) ! m>ble %afts & ar*ivolts ( ! w9d[s1 or x is cov]$ ) /ucco pa9t$ 9 fresco1 ( :i* m h]eaft]4 ,! ,ducal ,palace1 z 9 all o!r respects1 is an exact expression ( ! middle po9t 9 ! *ange4 ,x /ill reta9s m>ble fac+2 b in/ead ( be+ dispos$ 9 slabs z 9 ! ,byzant9e times1 x is appli$ 9 solid bricks or blocks ( m>ble1 #aa in*es long1 by #f in*es high4 ,! /ories ( ! ,go?ic palaces are divid$ by /r+ c\rses1 consid]ably bold] 9 projection ?an ^? ( ! ,byzant9es1 & m highly decorat$2 & :ile ! angles ( ! ,byzant9e palaces are q %>p & pure1 ^? ( ! ,go?ic palaces are wr\ght into a *amf]1 fill$ by small twi/$ %afts :i* h capitals "u ! cornice ( ea* /ory4 ,x4 ,^! capitals are little obs]v$ 9 ! g5]al effect1 b ! %afts are ( ess5tial importance 9 giv+ an aspect ( firmness to ! angle2 a po9t ( peculi> necessity 9 ,v5ice1 :]e1 own+ to ! v>i\s convolutions ( ! canals1 ! angles ( ! palaces are n only frequ5t1 b (t5 necess>ily acute1 e in* ( gr\nd be+ valuable4 ,9 o!r cities1 ! appe>ance z well z ! assurance ( /ability c always be secur$ by ! use ( massy /ones1 z 9 ! =tress palaces ( ,flor5ce2 b x mu/ h be5 always desirable at ,v5ice to build z lightly z possible1 9 consequ5ce ( ! comp>ative insecurity ( ! f\ndations4 ,! e>ly palaces 71 z we h se51 p]fect models ( grace & lightness1 & ! ,go?ic1 :i* foll[$1 ?\gh mu* m massive 9 ! /yle ( its details1 nev] admitt$ m weight into its /ructure ?an 0 absolutely necess>y = its /r5g?1 ,h5ce1 e ,go?ic palace has ! appe>ance ( enclos+ z _m rooms1 & atta9+ z mu* /r5g?1 z is possible1 ) a m9imum quantity ( brick & /one4 ,! trac]ies ( ! w9d[s1 :i* 9 ,nor!rn ,go?ic only support ! glass1 at ,v5ice support ! build+2 & ?us ! great] pond]\sness ( ! trac]ies is only an indication ( ! great] lightness ( ! /ructure4 ,h5ce1 :5 ! ,r5aissance ar*itects give _! op9ions z to ! /ability ( ! ,ducal ,palace :5 injur$ by fire1 "o ( !m1 ,*ri/(ore ,sorte1 says1 t he ?9ks x by no means laudable t ! ,s]5issimo ,dom9io ( ! ,v5etian s5ate %\ld live 9 a palace built 9 ! air4#gg ,& aga91 ,&rea della ,valle says1 t#gh ! wall ( ! saloon is ?ick] by fifte5 in*es ?an ! %afts bel[ x1 project+ n9e in*es )91 & six )\t1 /&+ z if 9 ! air1 above ! piazza2#gi & yet ?is wall is s nobly & /rongly knit toge!r1 t ,rusconi1 ?\gh himself altoge!r devot$ to ! ,r5aissance s*ool1 decl>es t ! fire :i* _h de/roy$ ! :ole int]ior ( ! palace _h done ?is wall no m h>m ?an ! bite ( a fly to an elephant4 ,trov]emo *e el danno *e ha patito que/e muraglie s> con=me alla beccatura d' una mosca fatta ad un elefante4#hj ,,xi4 ,& s 9 all ! o!r palaces built at ! "t1 consummate /r5g? 0 jo9$ ) a lightness ( =m & sp>+ness ( mat]ial :i* r5d]$ x em95tly desirable t ! eye %\ld be conv9c$1 by e possible exp$i5t1 ( ! /ability ( ! build+2 & ^! twi/$ pill>s at ! angles are n among ! lea/ important means adopt$ = ?is purpose1 = !y seem to b9d ! walls toge!r z a cable b9ds a *e/4 ,9 ! ,ducal ,palace1 :]e !y are c>ri$ up ! angle ( an unbrok5 wall =ty feet high1 !y are divid$ into portions1 gradually dim9i%+ 9 l5g? t[>ds ! top1 by circul> b&s or r+s1 set ) ! nail-head or dog-too? ornam5t1 vigor\sly project+1 & giv+ ! column ne>ly ! aspect ( ! /alk ( a re$2 its dim9i%+ proportions be+ exactly arrang$ z !y are by ,nature 9 all jo9t$ plants4 ,at ! top ( ! palace1 l ! :eat-/alk bran*+ into ! e> ( corn1 x exp&s into a small ni*e ) a po9t$ canopy1 :i* jo9s ) ! fanta/ic p>apet 9 at once reliev+1 & yet mak+ m notable by its contra/1 ! weight ( massy wall bel[4 ,! arrangem5t is se5 9 ! woodcut1 ,*ap4 ,,viii42 ! angle %afts be+ slightly exagg]at$ 9 ?ickness1 toge!r ) _! jo9ts1 z o!rwise !y w\ld h>dly h be5 intelligible on s small a scale4 ,! ,ducal ,palace is peculi> 9 ^! ni*es at ! angles1 :i* ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ! city appe> on *ur*es only2 b "s may p]haps h be5 remov$ by re/orations1 toge!r ) ! p>apets ) :i* !y 7 associat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxiii4 ,,xii4 ,( ^! ro( p>apets ( ,v5ice1 x has be5 already notic$ t ! examples :i* rema9 diff] f ^? ( all o!r cities ( ,italy 9 _! purely ornam5tal "*4 7,*ap4 ,i4 ,,xii47 ,!y are n battlem5ts1 prop]ly s-call$2 /ill less ma*icolat$ cornices1 su* z cr[n ! =tress palaces ( ! great ma9l& nobles2 b m]ely adaptations ( ! light & cr[n-l ornam5ts :i* cre/ ! walls ( ! ,arabian mosque4 ,nor are ev5 ^! g5]ally us$ on ! ma9 walls ( ! palaces !mselves4 ,!y occur on ! ,ducal ,palace1 on ! ,casa d' ,oro1 &1 "s ye>s back1 7 /ill /&+ on ! ,fondaco de' ,tur*i2 b ! majority ( ! ,go?ic ,palaces h ! pla9 dog-too? cornice "u ! til$ project+ ro( 7,vol4 ,i4 ,*ap4 ,,xiv4 ,,iv472 & ! highly decorat$ p>apet is employ$ only on ! tops ( walls :i* surr\nd c\rts or g>d5s1 & :i*1 )\t su* decoration1 w\ld h be5 utt]ly devoid ( int]e/4 ,fig4 ,,xxiii4 repres5ts1 at b1 "p ( a p>apet ( ?is k9d :i* surr\nds ! c\rty>d ( a palace 9 ! ,calle del ,bagat91 betwe5 ,san ,g4 ,griso/omo1 & ,san ,canzian3 ! :ole is ( brick1 & ! m\ld+s peculi>ly %>p & v>i$2 ! height ( ea* sep>ate p9nacle be+ ab\t f\r feet1 cr[n+ a wall twelve or fifte5 feet high3 a piece ( ! m\ld+ :i* surr\nds ! quatrefoil is giv5 l>g] 9 ! figure at a1 toge!r ) ! top ( ! small ar* bel[1 hav+ ! common ,v5etian d5til r\nd x1 & a delicate little m\ld+ ) dog-too? ornam5t to c>ry ! flanks ( ! ar*4 ,! m\ld+ ( ! brick is ?r\gh\t %>p & beautiful 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s po9ts ab\t x is ! c>eless way 9 :i* ! curv$ outl9es ( ! p9nacles are cut into ! pla9 brickwork1 ) no reg>d :atev] to ! places ( its jo9ts4 ,! wea!r ( c\rse we>s ! bricks at ! expos$ jo9ts1 & jags ! outl9e a little2 b ! "w has /ood1 evid5tly f ! f\rte5? c5tury1 )\t su/a9+ mu* h>m4 ,,xiii4 ,?is p>apet may be tak5 z a g5]al type ( ! wall-p>apet ( ,v5ice 9 ! ,go?ic p]iod2 "s be+ mu* less decorat$1 & o!rs mu* m ri*ly3 ! mo/ beautiful 9 ,v5ice is 9 ! little ,calle1 op5+ on ! ,campo & ,traghetto ,san ,samuele2 x has delicately c>v$ devices 9 /one let into ea* p9nacle4 ,! p>apets ( ! palaces !mselves 7 light] & m fanta/ic1 consi/+ ( n>r[ lance-l spires ( m>ble1 set betwe5 ! broad] p9nacles1 :i* 7 9 su* cases g5]ally c>v$ into ! =m ( a fleur-de-lis3 ! ,fr5* ^w gives ! read] ! be/ idea ( ! =m1 ?\gh he mu/ rememb] t ?is use ( ! lily = ! p>apets has no?+ to d ) ,france1 b is ! c>ry+ out ( ! ,byzant9e sy/em ( floral ornam5tation1 :i* introduc$ ! outl9e ( ! lily ev]y:]e2 s t ,i h f\nd x conv5i5t to call its mo/ beautiful capitals1 ! lily capitals ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,b ! occurr5ce ( ?is fl[]1 m di/9ctly ?an usual1 on ! battlem5ts ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 0 ! cause ( "s curi\s political speculation 9 ! ye> #aeaa1 :5 a piece ( "o ( ^! battlem5ts 0 %ak5 d[n by ! great e>?quake ( t ye>4 ,sanuto notes 9 8 di>y t ! piece t fell 0 j t :i* bore ! lily1 & records sundry s9i/] anticipations1 f\nd$ on ?is important om51 ( imp5d+ dang] to ! adv]se ,fr5* p[]4 ,z !re happ5s1 9 ! ,ducal ,palace1 to be a jo9t 9 ! p9nacles :i* exactly sep>ates ! "p :i* be>s ! lily f t :i* is fa/5$ to ! cornice1 x is no wond] t ! om5 prov$ fallaci\s4 ,,xiv4 ,! decorations ( ! p>apet 7 complet$ by atta*+ gild$ balls ( metal to ! extremities ( ! leaves ( ! lilies1 & ( ! int]m$iate spires1 s z lit]ally to =m = ! wall a diadem ( silv] t\*$ ^u ! po9ts ) gold2 ! image be+ r5d]$ /ill m di/9ct 9 ! ,casa d' ,oro1 by v>iation 9 ! height ( ! p9nacles1 ! highe/ be+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! front4 ,v few ( ^! light ro( p>apets n[ rema92 !y are1 ( c\rse1 ! "p ( ! build+ :i* dilapidation fir/ r5d]s x necess>y to remove4 ,t ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 h[ev]1 ?\gh (t51 ,i d\bt n1 re/or$1 reta9s mu* ( ! anci5t =m1 & is exce$+ly beautiful1 ?\gh x has no appe>ance f bel[ ( be+ int5d$ = protection1 b s]ves only1 by its extreme lightness1 to relieve ! eye :5 we>i$ by ! bread? ( wall b5ea?2 x is nev]!less a mo/ s]viceable def5ce = any p]son walk+ along ! edge ( ! ro(4 ,x has "s appe>ance ( insecurity1 ow+ to ! entire indep5d5ce ( ! pieces ( /one compos+ x1 :i*1 ?\gh ( c\rse fa/5$ by iron1 look z if !y /ood balanc$ on ! cornice l ! pill>s ( ,/oneh5ge2 b ,i h nev] he>d ( its hav+ be5 di/urb$ by any?+ %ort ( an e>?quake2 &1 z we h se51 ev5 ! great e>?quake ( #aeaa1 ?\gh x mu* injur$ ! ,gorne1 or battlem5ts at ! ,casa d' ,oro1 & ?rew d[n sev]al /atues at ,/4 ,m>k's1#ha only %ook "o lily f ! br[ ( ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxiv4 ,,xv4 ,al?\gh1 h[ev]1 ^! light & fanta/ic =ms appe> to h be5 univ]sal 9 ! battlem5ts meant prim>ily = decoration1 !re 0 ano!r condition ( p>apet altoge!r con/ruct$ = ! protection ( p]sons walk+ on ! ro(s or 9 ! gall]ies ( ! *ur*es1 & f ^! m sub/antial & simple def5ces1 ! ,,balconies1 to :i* ! ,go?ic palaces owe half ( _! picturesque effect1 7 imm$iately d]iv$2 ! balcony be+1 9 fact1 no?+ m ?an a portion ( su* ro( p>apets arrang$ r\nd a project+ w9d[-sill su/a9$ on brackets1 z 9 ! c5tral example ( ! annex$ figure4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 exam9e ^! def5sive balu/rades & ! d]ivative balconies consecutively4 ,,xvi4 ,obvi\sly1 a p>apet ) an unbrok5 edge1 ^u :i* ! arm may re/ 7a condition above notic$1 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #aeg41 z ess5tial to ! prop] p]=mance ( its duty71 c be con/ruct$ only 9 "o ( ?ree ways4 ,x mu/ ei!r be 7#a7 ( solid /one1 decorat$1 if at all1 by m]e surface sculpture1 z 9 ! upp]mo/ example 9 ,fig4 ,,xxiv41 above2 or 7#b7 pi]c$ into "s k9d ( trac]y1 z 9 ! second2 or 7#c7 compos$ ( small pill>s c>ry+ a level b> ( /one1 z 9 ! ?ird2 ?is la/ condition be+1 9 a diseas$ & swoll5 =m1 famili> to u 9 ! balu/rades ( our bridges4#hb ,,xvii4 7#a47 ,( ^! ?ree k9ds1 ! fir/1 :i* is employ$ = ! pulpit at ,torcello & 9 ! nave ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 :5ce ! upp]mo/ example is tak51 is beautiful :5 sculpture s ri* c be employ$ ^u x2 b x is liable to objection1 fir/1 because x is heavy & unlike a p>apet :5 se5 f bel[2 &1 secondly1 because x is inconv5i5t 9 use4 ,! position ( lean+ ov] a balcony becomes cramp$ & pa9ful if long cont9u$1 unless ! foot c be sometimes advanc$ b5ea? ! l$ge on :i* ! arm leans1 i4 e4 betwe5 ! balu/]s or trac]ies1 :i* ( c\rse _c be done 9 ! solid p>apet3 x is also m agreeable to be able to see p>tially d[n ?r\gh ! p5etrations1 ?an to be oblig$ to lean f> ov] ! edge4 ,! solid p>apet 0 r>ely us$ 9 ,v5ice aft] ! e>li] ages4 ,,xviii4 7#b47 ,! ,trac]i$ ,p>apet is *iefly us$ 9 ! ,go?ic ( ! ,nor?1 f :i* ! above example1 9 ! ,casa ,cont>9i ,fasan1 is directly d]iv$4 ,x is1 :5 well design$1 ! ri*e/ & mo/ beautiful ( all =ms1 & _m ( ! be/ build+s ( ,france & ,g]many are dep5d5t = half _! effect ^u x2 its only fault be+ a slight t5d5cy to fanta/icism4 ,x 0 nev] frankly receiv$ 9 ,v5ice1 :]e ! ar*itects _h un=tunately return$ to ! ,r5aissance =ms be=e ! flamboyant p>apets 7 fully develop$ 9 ! ,nor?2 b1 9 ! e>ly /age ( ! ,r5aissance1 a k9d ( pi]c$ p>apet 0 employ$1 f\nd$ on ! old ,byzant9e int]wov5 trac]ies2 t is to say1 ! slab ( /one 0 pi]c$ "h & !re ) holes1 & !n an int]wov5 patt]n trac$ on ! surface r\nd !m4 ,! diff]5ce 9 sy/em w be und]/ood 9 a mom5t by comp>+ ! upp]mo/ example 9 ! figure at ! side1 :i* is a ,nor!rn p>apet f ! ,ca!dral ( ,abbeville1 ) ! l[e/1 f a secret *amb] 9 ! ,casa ,fosc>i4 ,x w be se5 t ! ,v5etian "o is f> m simple & sev]e1 yet s+ul>ly piquant1 ! black p5etrations tell+ %>ply on ! pla9 broad surface4 ,f> inf]ior 9 beauty1 x has yet "o po9t ( sup]iority to t ( ,abbeville1 t x proclaims itself m def9itely to be /one4 ,! o!r has r ! look ( lace4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxv4 ,! int]m$iate figure is a panel ( ! ma9 balcony ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 & is introduc$ "h z be+ an exactly transitional condition betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,v5etian types4 ,x 0 built :5 ! ,g]man ,go?ic workm5 7 ex]cis+ consid]able influ5ce ov] ^? 9 ,v5ice1 & !re 0 "s *ance ( ! ,nor!rn p>apet introduc+ itself4 ,x actually did s1 z above %[n1 9 ! ,casa ,cont>9i ,fasan1 b 0 = ! mo/ "p /\tly resi/$ & kept at bay by ! ,byzant9e =m1 ! l[e/ 9 ! la/ figure1 until t =m itself 0 displac$ by ! common1 vulg>1 ,r5aissance balu/]2 a griev\s loss1 = ! sev]e pi]c$ type 0 capable ( a v>iety z endless z ! fanta/icism ( our own ,anglo-,saxon manuscript ornam5tation4 ,,xix4 7#c47 ,! ,balu/] ,p>apet4 ,long be=e ! idea ( trac]y _h sugge/$ itself to ! m9ds ei!r ( ,v5etian or any o!r ar*itects1 x _h1 ( c\rse1 be5 necess>y to provide protection = gall]ies1 edges ( ro(s1 c42 & ! mo/ natural =m 9 :i* su* protection c\ld be obta9$ 0 t ( a horizontal b> or h&-rail1 su/a9$ ^u %ort %afts or balu/]s1 z 9 ,fig4 ,,xxiv4 p4 #bdc4 ,?is =m 01 above all o!rs1 likely to be adopt$ :]e v>iations ( ,greek or ,roman pill>$ ar*itecture 7 univ]sal 9 ! l>g] masses ( ! build+2 ! p>apet became itself a small s]ies ( columns1 ) capitals & ar*itraves2 & :e!r ! cross-b> laid ^u !m %\ld be simply horizontal1 & 9 contact ) _! capitals1 or su/a9$ by mimic ar*es1 r\nd or po9t$1 dep5d$ entirely on ! sy/em adopt$ 9 ! re/ ( ! "w4 ,:]e ! l>ge ar*es 7 r\nd1 ! small balu/rade ar*es w\ld be s likewise2 :]e ^? 7 po9t$1 ^! w\ld become s 9 sympa?y ) !m4 ,,xx4 ,un=tunately1 :]ev] a balcony or p>apet is us$ 9 an inhabit$ h\se1 x is1 ( c\rse1 ! "p ( ! /ructure :i* fir/ suff]s f dilapidation1 z well z t ( :i* ! security is mo/ anxi\sly c>$ =4 ,! ma9 pill>s ( a casem5t may /& = c5turies un%ak5 "u ! /eady weight ( ! sup]9cumb5t wall1 b ! cem5t & v>i\s insett+ ( ! balconies are sure to be di/urb$ by ! irregul> pressures & impulses ( ! p]sons lean+ on !m2 :ile1 :atev] extremity ( decay may be all[$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! build+1 ! balcony1 z soon z x seems dang]\s1 w assur$ly be remov$ or re/or$4 ,! read] w n1 if he consid]s ?is1 be surpris$ to he> t1 among all ! remnants ( ! ,v5etian dome/ic ar*itecture ( ! elev5?1 twelf?1 & ?irte5? c5turies1 !re is n a s+le in/ance ( ! orig9al balconies be+ pres]v$4 ,! palace m5tion$ bel[ 7 ,,xxxii471 9 ! piazza ( ! ,rialto1 has1 inde$1 solid slabs ( /one betwe5 its %afts1 b ,i _c be c]ta9 t !y are ( ! same p]iod2 if !y are1 ?is is ! only exi/+ example ( ! =m ( protection employ$ = casem5ts dur+ ?is transitional p]iod1 & x _c be reason$ f z be+ ! g5]al "o4 ,,xxi4 ,x is only1 !re=e1 9 ! *ur*es ( ,torcello1 ,murano1 & ,/4 ,m>k's1 t ! anci5t =ms ( gall]y def5ce may /ill be se54 ,at ,murano1 betwe5 ! pill>s ( ! apse1 a beautiful balu/rade is employ$1 ( :i* a s+le ar* is giv5 9 ! ,plate opposite1 fig4 #d1 ) its section1 fig4 #e42 & at ,/4 ,m>k's1 a noble r\nd-ar*$ p>apet1 ) small pill>s ( precisely ! same =m z ^? ( ,murano1 b %ort]1 & b\nd at ! angles into gr\ps ( f\r by ! s]p5t9e knot s (t5 occurr+ 9 ,lomb>dic "w1 runs r\nd ! :ole ext]ior ( ! l[] /ory ( ! *ur*1 & r\nd great "p ( its int]ior gall]ies1 alt]nat+ ) ! m fanta/ic =m1 fig4 #f4 ,9 dome/ic ar*itecture1 ! rema9s ( ! orig9al balconies beg9 to occur fir/ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 ! r\nd ar* _h entirely disappe>$2 & ! p>apet consi/s1 almo/ )\t exception1 ( a s]ies ( small trefoil$ ar*es1 cut boldly ?r\gh a b> ( /one :i* re/s ^u ! %afts1 at fir/ v simple1 & g5]ally adorn$ ) a cross at ! po9t ( ea* ar*1 z 9 fig4 #g 9 ! la/ ,plate1 :i* gives ! angle ( su* a balcony on a l>ge scale2 b soon enri*$ into ! beautiful conditions1 figs4 #b & #c1 & su/a9$ on brackets =m$ ( lions' heads1 z se5 9 ! c5tral example ( _! entire effect1 fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xiii4 ,,balconies4 ,,xxii4 ,9 lat] p]iods1 ! r\nd ar*es return2 !n ! int]wov5 ,byzant9e =m2 & f9ally1 z above notic$1 ! common ,engli% or classical balu/rade2 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 exquisite examples1 = grace & v>iety ( outl9e1 are f\nd design$ 9 ! backgr\nds ( ,paul ,v]onese4 ,i c\ld will+ly foll[ out ?is subject fully1 b x is impossible to d s )\t leav+ ,v5ice2 = ! *ief city ( ,italy1 z f> z reg>ds ! /rict effect ( ! balcony1 is ,v]ona2 & if we 7 once to lose ourselves among ! sweet %ad[s ( its lonely /reets1 :]e ! fall+ bran*es ( ! fl[]s /ream l f\nta9s ?r\gh ! pi]c$ trac]ies ( ! m>ble1 !re is no say+ :e!r we might soon be able to return to our imm$iate "w4 ,yet be=e leav+ ! subject ( ! balcony#hc altoge!r1 ,i mu/ allude1 = a mom5t1 to ! peculi> treatm5t ( ! iron-"w out ( :i* x is frequ5tly wr\ght on ! ma9l& ( ,italy--nev] 9 ,v5ice4 ,! iron is always wr\ght1 n ca/1 beat5 fir/ into ?9 leaves1 & !n cut ei!r into /rips or b&s1 two or ?ree in*es broad1 :i* are b5t into v>i\s curves to =m ! sides ( ! balcony1 or else into actual leafage1 sweep+ & free1 l ! leaves ( nature1 ) :i* x is ri*ly decorat$4 ,!re is no end to ! v>iety ( design1 no limit to ! lightness & fl[ ( ! =ms1 :i* ! workman c produce out ( iron treat$ 9 ?is mann]2 & x is v ne>ly z impossible = any metal-"w1 s h&l$1 to be poor1 or ignoble 9 effect1 z x is = ca/ metal-"w to be o!rwise4 ,,xxiii4 ,we h next to exam9e ^? features ( ! ,go?ic palaces 9 :i* ! transitions ( _! ar*itecture are mo/ di/9ctly traceable2 namely1 ! ar*es ( ! w9d[s & doors4 ,x has already be5 repeat$ly /at$1 t ! ,go?ic /yle _h =m$ itself completely on ! ma9l&1 :ile ! ,byzant9es /ill reta9$ _! influ5ce at ,v5ice2 & t ! hi/ory ( e>ly ,v5etian ,go?ic is !re=e n t ( a s*ool tak+ new =ms indep5d5tly ( ext]nal influ5ce1 b ! hi/ory ( ! /ruggle ( ! ,byzant9e mann] ) a contempor>y /yle q z p]fectly organiz$ z itself1 & f> m en]getic4 ,& ?is /ruggle is exhibit$ p>tly 9 ! gradual *ange ( ! ,byzant9e ar*itecture into o!r =ms1 & p>tly by isolat$ examples ( g5u9e ,go?ic tak5 prison]1 z x 71 9 ! conte/2 or r entangl$ among ! enemy's =ces1 & ma9ta9+ _! gr\nd till _! fri5ds came up to su/a9 !m4 ,let u fir/ foll[ ! /eps ( ! gradual *ange1 & !n give "s brief acc\nt ( ! v>i\s advanc$ gu>ds & =lorn hopes ( ! ,go?ic attack+ =ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,ord]s ,,( ,,v5etian ,,ar*es4 ,,xxiv4 ,! upp]mo/ %ad$ s]ies ( six =ms ( w9d[s 9 ,plate ,,xiv41 opposite1 repres5ts1 at a glance1 ! modifications ( ?is feature 9 ,v5etian palaces1 f ! elev5? to ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,fig4 #a is ,byzant9e1 ( ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies2 figs4 #b & #c transitional1 ( ! ?irte5? & e>ly f\rte5? c5turies2 figs4 #d & #e pure ,go?ic1 ( ! ?irte5?1 f\rte5? & e>ly fifte5?2 & fig4 #f4 late ,go?ic1 ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 di/+ui%$ by its add$ f9ial4 ,fig4 #d is ! longe/-liv$ ( all ^! =ms3 x occurs fir/ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury2 &1 su/a9+ modifications only 9 its m\ld+s1 is f\nd also 9 ! middle ( ! fifte5?4 ,i %all call ^! ! six ord]s#hd ( ,v5etian w9d[s1 & :5 ,i speak ( a w9d[ ( ! f\r?1 second1 or six? ord]1 ! read] w only h to ref] to ! num]als at ! top ( ,plate ,,xiv4 ,!n ! s]ies bel[ %[s ! pr9cipal =ms f\nd 9 ea* p]iod1 belong+ to ea* sev]al ord]2 except #a b to #a c1 & ! two l[] s]ies1 numb]$ #g to #af1 :i* are types ( ,v5etian doors4 ,,xxv4 ,we %all n[ be able1 )\t any difficulty1 to foll[ ! c\rse ( transition1 beg9n+ ) ! fir/ ord]1 #a & #a a1 9 ! second r[4 ,! horse-%oe ar*1 #a b1 is ! door-head commonly associat$ ) x1 & ! o!r ?ree 9 ! same r[ occur 9 ,/4 ,m>k's exclusively2 #a c be+ us$ 9 ! nave1 9 ord] to give a great] appe>ance ( lightness to its great lat]al arcades1 :i* at fir/ ! spectator supposes to be r\nd-ar*$1 b he is /ruck by a peculi> grace & ela/icity 9 ! curves = :i* he is unable to acc\nt1 until he asc5ds into ! gall]ies :5ce ! true =m ( ! ar* is disc]nible4 ,! o!r two--#a d1 f ! door ( ! s\!rn transept1 & #a c1 f t ( ! treasury1--suffici5tly repres5t a gr\p ( fanta/ic =ms d]iv$ f ! ,arabs1 & ( :i* ! exquisite decoration is "o ( ! mo/ important features 9 ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,_! =m is inde$ p]mitt$ m]ely to obta9 m fantasy 9 ! curves ( ?is decoration4#he ,! read] c see 9 a mom5t1 t1 z pieces ( masonry1 or be>+ ar*es1 !y are infirm or useless1 & !re=e nev] c\ld be employ$ 9 any build+ 9 :i* dignity ( /ructure 0 ! primal object4 ,x is j because /ructure is n ! primal object 9 ,/4 ,m>k's1 because x has no sev]e weights to be>1 & mu* lovel9ess ( m>ble & sculpture to exhibit1 t !y are !re9 all[able4 ,!y are ( c\rse1 l ! re/ ( ! build+1 built ( brick & fac$ ) m>ble1 & _! inn] masonry1 :i* mu/ be v +5i\s1 is !re=e n disc]nible4 ,!y h settl$ a little1 z might h be5 expect$1 & ! consequ5ce is1 t !re is 9 e "o ( !m1 except ! upright ar* ( ! treasury1 a small fissure across ! m>ble ( ! flanks4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxvi4 ,,xxvi4 ,?\gh1 h[ev]1 ! ,v5etian build]s adopt$ ^! ,arabian =ms ( ar* :]e grace ( ornam5tation 0 _! only purpose1 !y saw t su* arrangem5ts 7 unfit = ord9>y "w2 & !re is no in/ance1 ,i believe1 9 ,v5ice1 ( _! hav+ us$ any ( !m = a dwell+-h\se 9 ! truly ,byzant9e p]iod4 ,b s soon z ! ,go?ic influ5ce began to be felt1 & ! po9t$ ar* =c$ itself ^u !m1 _! fir/ concession to its attack 0 ! adoption1 9 pref]5ce to ! r\nd ar*1 ( ! =m #c a 7,plate ,,xiv41 above72 ! po9t ( ! ,go?ic ar* =c+ itself up1 z x 71 ?r\gh ! top ( ! semicircle :i* x 0 soon to sup]s$e4 ,,xxvii4 ,! woodcut above1 ,fig4 ,,xxvi41 repres5ts ! door & two ( ! lat]al w9d[s ( a h\se 9 ! ,corte del ,rem]1 fac+ ! ,gr& ,canal1 9 ! p>i% ( ! ,apo/oli4 ,x is rem>kable z hav+ its great entrance on ! fir/ floor1 atta9$ by a bold flight ( /eps1 su/a9$ on pure po9t$ ar*es wr\ght 9 brick4 ,i _c tell if ^! ar*es are contempor>y ) ! build+1 ?\gh x mu/ always h _h an access ( ! k9d4 ,! re/ ( its aspect is ,byzant9e1 except only t ! ri* sculptures ( its ar*ivolt %[ 9 combats ( animals1 b5ea? ! s(fit1 a beg9n+ ( ! ,go?ic fire & en]gy4 ,! m\ld+ ( its pl9? is ( a ,go?ic pr(ile1#hf & ! w9d[s are po9t$1 n ) a rev]s$ curve1 b 9 a pure /raight gable1 v curi\sly contra/$ ) ! delicate b5d+ ( ! pieces ( m>ble armor cut = ! %\ld]s ( ea* ar*4 ,!re is a two-light$ w9d[1 su* z t se5 9 ! vignette1 on ea* side ( ! door1 su/a9$ 9 ! c5tre by a basket-work$ ,byzant9e capital3 ! mode ( cov]+ ! brick ar*ivolt ) m>ble1 bo? 9 ! w9d[s & doorway1 is precisely l t ( ! true ,byzant9e palaces4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxvii4 ,,xxviii4 ,b z1 ev5 on a small scale1 ^! ar*es are weak1 if execut$ 9 brickwork1 ! appe>ance ( ?is %>p po9t 9 ! outl9e 0 rapidly accompani$ by a p>allel *ange 9 ! me?od ( build+2 & in/ead ( con/ruct+ ! ar* ( brick & coat+ x ) m>ble1 ! build]s =m$ x ( ?ree pieces ( hewn /one ins]t$ 9 ! wall1 z 9 ,fig4 ,,xxvii4 ,n1 h[ev]1 at fir/ 9 ?is p]fect =m4 ,! endeavor to reconcile ! grace ( ! rev]s$ ar* ) ! /r5g? ( ! r\nd "o1 & /ill to build 9 brick1 end$ at fir/ 9 conditions su* z t repres5t$ at a1 ,fig4 ,,xxviii41 :i* is a w9d[ 9 ! ,calle del ,pi/or1 close to ! *ur* ( ! ,apo/oli1 a v int]e/+ & p]fect example4 ,"h1 obs]ve1 ! poor r\nd ar* is /ill kept to d all ! h>d "w1 & ! fanta/ic ogee takes its pleasure above1 9 ! =m ( a m\ld+ m]ely1 a *a9 ( bricks ca/ to ! requir$ curve4 ,& ?is condition1 translat$ into /one-"w1 becomes a w9d[ ( ! second ord] 7b#e1 ,fig4 ,,xxviii41 or #b1 9 ,plate ,,xiv472 a =m p]fectly /rong & s]viceable1 & ( imm5se importance 9 ! transitional ar*itecture ( ,v5ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxviii4 ,,xxix4 ,at b1 ,fig4 ,,xxviii41 z above1 is giv5 "o ( ! e>lie/ & simple/ occurr5ces ( ! second ord] w9d[ 79 a d\ble gr\p1 exactly l ! brick transitional =m a71 f a mo/ important fragm5t ( a defac$ h\se 9 ! ,salizzada ,san ,li1 close to ! ,m]c]ia4 ,x is associat$ ) a f9e po9t$ brick ar*1 indisputably ( contempor>y "w1 t[>ds ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & x is %[n to be lat] ?an ! previ\s example1 a1 by ! great] developem5t ( its m\ld+s4 ,! ar*ivolt pr(ile1 inde$1 is ! simpl] ( ! two1 n hav+ ! sub-ar*2 z 9 ! brick example2 b ! o!r m\ld+s are f> m develop$4 ,fig4 ,,xxix4 %[s at #a ! ar* pr(iles1 at #b ! capital pr(iles1 at #c ! basic-pl9? pr(iles1 ( ea* w9d[1 a & b4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxix4 ,,xxx4 ,b ! second ord] w9d[ soon atta9$ nobl] developem5t4 ,at once simple1 graceful1 & /rong1 x 0 receiv$ into all ! ar*itecture ( ! p]iod1 & !re is h>dly a /reet 9 ,v5ice :i* does n exhibit "s important rema9s ( palaces built ) ?is =m ( w9d[ 9 _m /ories1 & 9 num]\s gr\ps4 ,! mo/ ext5sive & p]fect is "o ^u ! ,gr& ,canal 9 ! p>i% ( ! ,apo/oli1 ne> ! ,rialto1 cov]$ ) ri* decoration1 9 ! ,byzant9e mann]1 betwe5 ! w9d[s ( its fir/ /ory2 b n completely *>act]i/ic ( ! transitional p]iod1 because /ill reta9+ ! d5til 9 ! ar* m\ld+s1 :ile ! transitional h\ses all h ! simple roll4 ,( ! fully e/abli%$ type1 "o ( ! mo/ ext5sive & p]fect examples is 9 a c\rt 9 ! ,calle di ,rim$io1 close to ! ,ponte dell' ,angelo1 ne> ,/4 ,m>k's ,place4 ,ano!r looks out ^u a small squ>e g>d51 "o ( ! few visible 9 ! c5tre ( ,v5ice1 close by ! ,corte ,salviati 7! latt] be+ kn[n to e cic]one z t f :i* ,bianca ,capello fl$74 ,b1 on ! :ole1 ! mo/ int]e/+ to ! travell] is t ( :i* ,i h giv5 a vignette opposite4 ,b = ?is range ( w9d[s1 ! little piazza ,,ss4 ,apo/oli w\ld be "o ( ! lea/ picturesque 9 ,v5ice2 to ^?1 h[ev]1 :o seek x on foot1 x becomes geographically int]e/+ f ! extraord9>y involution ( ! alleys lead+ to x f ! ,rialto4 ,9 ,v5ice1 ! /raight road is usually by wat]1 & ! long road by l&2 b ! diff]5ce ( di/ance appe>s1 9 ?is case1 altoge!r inexplicable4 ,tw5ty or ?irty /rokes ( ! o> w br+ a gondola f ! foot ( ! ,rialto to t ( ! ,ponte ,,ss4 ,apo/oli2 b ! unwise p$e/rian1 :o has n notic$ ! :ite clue b5ea? 8 feet1#hg may ?9k himself =tunate1 if1 aft] a qu>t] ( an h\r's w&]+ among ! h\ses beh9d ! ,fondaco de' ,t$es*i1 he f9ds himself any:]e 9 ! neighborhood ( ! po9t he seeks4 ,) mu* pati5ce1 h[ev]1 & mode/ foll[+ ( ! guidance ( ! m>ble ?read1 he w at la/ em]ge ov] a /eep bridge into ! op5 space ( ! ,piazza1 r5d]$ *e]ful 9 autumn by a p]petual m>ket ( pomegranates1 & purple g\rds1 l enorm\s black figs2 :ile ! canal1 at its extremity1 is half-block$ up by b>ges lad5 ) va/ baskets ( grapes z black z *>coal1 ?at*$ ov] ) _! own leaves4 ,look+ back1 on ! o!r side ( ?is canal1 he w see ! w9d[s repres5t$ 9 ,plate ,,xv41 :i*1 ) ! arcade ( po9t$ ar*es b5ea? !m1 are ! rema9s ( ! palace once belong+ to ! unhappy doge1 ,m>9o ,fali]o4 ,! balcony is1 ( c\rse1 mod]n1 & ! s]ies ( w9d[s has be5 ( great] ext5t1 once t]m9at$ by a pila/] on ! left h&1 z well z on ! "r2 b ! t]m9al ar*es h be5 wall$ up4 ,:at rema9s1 h[ev]1 is en\gh1 ) its sculptur$ birds & dragons1 to give ! read] a v di/9ct idea ( ! second ord] w9d[ 9 its p]fect =m4 ,! details ( ! capitals1 & o!r m9or portions1 if ^! int]e/ him1 he w f9d giv5 9 ! f9al ,app5dix4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xv4 ,,w9d[s ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,ord]4 ,,casa ,,fali]4 ,,xxxi4 ,! advance ( ! ,go?ic _s 01 = a few ye>s1 *eck$ by ?is compromise betwe5 ! r\nd & po9t$ ar*4 ,! truce1 h[ev]1 0 at la/ brok51 9 consequ5ce ( ! discov]y t ! key/one w\ld d duty q z well 9 ! =m b z 9 ! =m a1 ,fig4 ,,xxx41 & ! sub/itution ( b1 at ! head ( ! ar*1 gives u ! w9d[ ( ! ?ird ord]1 #c b1 #c d1 & #c e1 9 ,plate ,,xiv4 ,! =ms #c a & #c c are exceptional2 ! fir/ occurr+1 z we h se51 9 ! ,corte del ,rem]1 & 9 "o o!r palace on ! ,gr& ,canal1 close to ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,eu/a*io2 ! second only1 z f> z ,i "k1 9 "o h\se on ! ,canna-,reggio1 belong+ to ! true ,go?ic p]iod4 ,! o!r ?ree examples1 #c b1 #c d1 #c e1 are g5]ally *>act]i/ic ( ! ?ird ord]2 & x w be obs]v$ t !y diff] n m]ely 9 m\ld+s1 b 9 slope ( sides1 & ?is latt] diff]5ce is by f> ! mo/ mat]ial4 ,= 9 ! example #c b !re is h>dly any true ,go?ic expression2 x is /ill ! pure ,byzant9e ar*1 ) a po9t ?ru/ up ?r\gh x3 b ! mom5t ! flanks slope1 z 9 #c d1 ! ,go?ic expression is def9ite1 & ! entire s*ool ( ! ar*itecture is *ang$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxx4 ,?is slope ( ! flanks occurs1 fir/1 9 s slight a degree z to be h>dly p]ceptible1 & gradually increases until1 rea*+ ! =m #c e at ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! w9d[ is p]fectly prep>$ = a transition into ! fif? ord]4 ,,xxxii4 ,! mo/ p]fect examples ( ! ?ird ord] 9 ,v5ice are ! w9d[s ( ! ru9$ palace ( ,m>co ,qu]9i1 ! fa!r-9-law ( ,bajamonte ,tiepolo1 9 consequ5ce ( ^: conspiracy aga9/ ! gov]nm5t ?is palace 0 ord]$ to be raz$ 9 #acaj2 b x 0 only p>tially ru9$1 & 0 aft]w>ds us$ z ! common %ambles4 ,! ,v5etians h n[ made a p\ltry m>ket ( ! l[] /ory 7! %ambles be+ remov$ to a suburb71 & a prison ( ! upp]1 ?\gh x is "o ( ! mo/ important & int]e/+ monum5ts 9 ! city1 & especially valuable z giv+ u a secure date = ! c5tral =m ( ^! v r>e transitional w9d[s4 ,=1 z x 0 ! palace ( ! fa!r-9-law ( ,bajamonte1 & ! latt] 0 old en\gh to assume ! lead]%ip ( a political faction 9 #abhj1hh ! date ( ! accession to ! ?rone ( ! ,doge ,pietro ,grad5igo1 we are secure ( ?is palace hav+ be5 built n lat] ?an ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,ano!r example1 less ref9$ 9 workman%ip1 b1 if possible1 /ill m int]e/+1 ow+ to ! v>iety ( its capitals1 rema9s 9 ! little piazza op5+ to ! ,rialto1 on ! ,/4 ,m>k's side ( ! ,gr& ,canal4 ,! h\se faces ! bridge1 & its second /ory has be5 built 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 above a /ill e>li] ,byzant9e cornice rema9+1 or p]haps introduc$ f "s o!r ru9$ edifice1 9 ! walls ( ! fir/ floor4 ,! w9d[s ( ! second /ory are ( pure ?ird ord]2 f\r ( !m are repres5t$ above1 ) _! flank+ pila/]1 & capitals v>y+ con/antly 9 ! =m ( ! fl[] or leaf introduc$ betwe5 _! volutes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxxi4 ,,xxxiii4 ,ano!r mo/ important example exi/s 9 ! l[] /ory ( ! ,casa ,sagr$o1 on ! ,gr& ,canal1 rem>kable z hav+ ! e>ly upright =m 7#c b1 ,plate ,,xiv47 ) a some:at late m\ld+4 ,_m o!rs occur 9 ! fragm5t>y ru9s 9 ! /reets3 b ! two bolde/ conditions :i* ,i f\nd 9 ,v5ice are ^? ( ! ,*apt]-,h\se ( ! ,fr>i1 9 :i* ! ,doge ,francesco ,d&olo 0 buri$ circa #acci2 & ^? ( ! flank ( ! ,ducal ,palace itself absolutely correspond+ ) ^? ( ! ,fr>i1 & !re=e ( ine/imable value 9 det]m9+ ! date ( ! palace4 ,( ^! m h]eaft]4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xvi4 ,,w9d[s ,,( ,,! ,,f\r? ,,ord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxxii4 ,,xxxiv4 ,contempor>ily ) ^! w9d[s ( ! second & ?ird ord]s1 ^? ( ! f\r? 7#d a & #d b1 9 ,plate ,,xiv47 occur1 at fir/ 9 pairs1 & ) simple m\ld+s1 precisely simil> to ^? ( ! second ord]1 b mu* m r>e1 z 9 ! example at ! side1 ,fig4 ,,xxxii41 f ! ,salizada ,san ,li2 & !n1 enri*+ _! m\ld+s z %[n 9 ! cont9u\s s]ies #d c1 #d d1 ( ,plate ,,xiv41 associate !mselves ) ! fif? ord] w9d[s ( ! p]fect ,go?ic p]iod4 ,!re is h>dly a palace 9 ,v5ice )\t "s example1 ei!r e>ly or late1 ( ^! f\r? ord] w9d[s2 b ! ,plate opposite 7,,xvi47 repres5ts "o ( _! pure/ gr\ps at ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 f a h\se on ! ,gr& ,canal1 ne>ly opposite ! ,*ur* ( ! ,scalzi4 ,i h drawn x f ! side1 9 ord] t ! great dep? ( ! ar*es may be se51 & ! cle> deta*+ ( ! %afts f ! %eets ( glass beh9d4 ,! latt]1 z well z ! balcony1 are comp>atively mod]n2 b !re is no d\bt t if glass 7 us$ 9 ! old w9d[1 x 0 set beh9d ! %afts1 at ! same dep?4 ,! entire modification ( ! int]iors ( all ! ,v5etian h\ses by rec5t "w has h[ev] prev5t$ me f ent]+ into any inquiry z to ! mann] 9 :i* ! anci5t glaz+ 0 atta*$ to ! int]iors ( ! w9d[s4 ,! f\r? ord] w9d[ is f\nd 9 great ri*ness & beauty at ,v]ona1 d[n to ! late/ ,go?ic times1 z well z 9 ! e>lie/1 be+ !n m frequ5t ?an any o!r =m4 ,x occurs1 on a gr& scale1 9 ! old palace ( ! ,scalig]s1 & pr(usely ?r\gh\t ! /reets ( ! city4 ,! s]ies #d a to #d e1 ,plate ,,xiv41 %[s its mo/ ord9>y conditions & *anges ( ar*-l9e3 #d a & #d b are ! e>ly ,v5etian =ms2 #d c1 lat]1 is g5]al at ,v5ice2 #d d1 ! be/ & mo/ piquant condition1 ow+ to its fanta/ic & bold projection ( cusp1 is common to ,v5ice & ,v]ona2 #d e is e>ly ,v]onese4 ,,xxxv4 ,! read] w see at once1 9 desc5d+ to ! fif? r[ 9 ,plate ,,xiv41 repres5t+ ! w9d[s ( ! fif? ord]1 t !y are no?+ m ?an a comb9ation ( ! ?ird & f\r?4 ,by ?is union !y become ! ne>e/ approximation to a p]fect ,go?ic =m :i* occurs *>act]i/ically at ,v5ice2 & we %all !re=e pause on ! ?re%old ( ?is f9al *ange1 to glance back ^u1 & ga!r toge!r1 ^? fragm5ts ( pur] po9t$ ar*itecture :i* 7 above notic$ z ! =lorn hopes ( ! ,go?ic assault4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxxiii4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxxiv4 ,! little ,campiello ,san ,rocco is ent]$ by a sotto-portico beh9d ! *ur* ( ! ,fr>i4 ,look+ back1 ! upp] trac]ies ( ! magnific5t apse are se5 t[]+ above ! irregul> ro(s & *imneys ( ! little squ>e2 & our lo/ ,pr\t 0 enabl$ to br+ ! :ole subject into an exquisitely picturesque composition1 by ! =tunate occurr5ce ( f\r qua9t trefoil$ w9d[s 9 "o ( ! h\ses on ! "r4 ,^? trefoils are among ! mo/ anci5t ef=ts ( ,go?ic art 9 ,v5ice4 ,i h giv5 a rude sket* ( !m 9 ,fig4 ,,xxxiii4 ,!y are built entirely ( brick1 except ! c5tral %aft & capital1 :i* are ( ,i/rian /one4 ,_! /ructure is ! simple/ possible2 ! trefoils be+ cut out ( ! radiat+ bricks :i* =m ! po9t$ ar*1 & ! edge or upp] limit ( t po9t$ ar* indicat$ by a roll m\ld+ =m$ ( ca/ bricks1 9 l5g? ( ab\t a foot1 & gr\nd at ! bottom s z to meet 9 "o1 z 9 ,fig4 ,,xxxiv4 ,! capital ( ! %aft is "o ( ! e>lie/ transitional =ms2#hi & obs]ve ! curi\s foll[+ out1 ev5 9 ?is m9or in/ance1 ( ! great law ( c5tralization above expla9$ ) respect to ! ,byzant9e palaces4 ,!re is a c5tral %aft1 a pila/] on ea* side1 & !n ! wall4 ,! pila/] has1 by way ( capital1 a squ>e flat brick1 project+ a little1 & ca/1 at ! edge1 into ! =m ( ! fir/ type ( all cornices 7a1 p4 #fc1 ,vol4 ,i42 ! read] ought to glance back at ?is passage1 if he has =gott5 x72 & ! %afts & pila/]s all /&1 )\t any add$ bases1 on a project+ pl9? ( ! same simple pr(ile4 ,^! w9d[s h be5 mu* defac$2 b ,i h n ! lea/ d\bt t _! pl9?s are ! orig9al ones3 & ! :ole gr\p is "o ( ! mo/ valuable 9 ,v5ice1 z %[+ ! way 9 :i* ! humble/ h\ses1 9 ! noble times1 foll[$ out ! sy/em ( ! l>g] palaces1 z f> z !y c\ld1 9 _! rude mat]ials4 ,x is n (t5 t ! dwell+s ( ! l[] ord]s are pres]v$ to u f ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xvii4 ,,w9d[s ,,( ,,! ,,e>ly ,,go?ic ,,palaces4 ,,xxxvi4 ,9 ! two upp] l9es ( ! opposite ,plate 7,,xvii471 ,i h arrang$ "s ( ! m delicate & f9i%$ examples ( ,go?ic "w ( ?is p]iod4 ,( ^!1 fig4 #d is tak5 f ! out] arcade ( ,san ,f]mo ( ,v]ona1 to %[ ! condition ( ma9l& ar*itecture1 f :i* all ^! ,v5etian types 7 borr[$4 ,?is ar*1 toge!r ) ! re/ ( ! arcade1 is wr\ght 9 f9e /one1 ) a b& ( inlaid r$ brick1 ! :ole *isell$ & fitt$ ) exquisite precision1 all ,v5etian "w be+ co>se 9 comp>ison4 ,?r\gh\t ! /reets ( ,v]ona1 ar*es & w9d[s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury are ( cont9ual occurr5ce1 wr\ght1 9 ?is mann]1 ) brick & /one2 sometimes ! brick alt]nat+ ) ! /ones ( ! ar*1 z 9 ! f9i%$ example giv5 9 ,plate ,,xix4 ( ! fir/ volume1 & !re select$ 9 pref]5ce to o!r examples ( ar*ivolt decoration1 because furni%+ a complete type ( ! ma/] s*ool f :i* ! ,v5etian ,go?ic is d]iv$4 ,,xxxvii4 ,! ar* f ,/4 ,f]mo1 h[ev]1 fig4 #d1 ,plate ,,xvii41 corresponds m closely1 9 its entire simplicity1 ) ! little w9d[s f ! ,campiello ,san ,rocco2 & ) ! type #e set beside x 9 ,plate ,,xvii41 f a v anci5t h\se 9 ! ,corte del ,=no at ,santa ,m>9a 7all 9 brick72 :ile ! upp] examples1 #a & #b1 %[ ! use ( ! flat b highly enri*$ ar*itrave1 = ! connection ( :i* ) ,byzant9e "w see ! f9al ,app5dix1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 "u ! head ,ar*ivolt4 ,^! w9d[s 7figs4 #a & #b1 ,plate ,,xvii47 are f a n>r[ alley 9 a "p ( ,v5ice n[ exclusively inhabit$ by ! l[] ord]s1 close to ! ars5al2#ij !y are entirely wr\ght 9 brick1 ) exquisite m\ld+s1 n ca/1 b m\ld$ 9 ! clay by ! h&1 s t !re is n "o piece ( ! ar* l ano!r2 ! pila/]s & %afts be+1 z usual1 ( /one4 ,,xxxviii4 ,& "h let me pause = a mom5t1 to note :at "o %\ld h ?\ght 0 well en\gh kn[n 9 ,engl&1--yet ,i c\ld n p]haps t\* ^u any?+ less consid]$1--! real use ( brick4 ,our fields ( good clay 7 nev] giv5 u to be made into oblong morsels ( "o size4 ,!y 7 giv5 u t we might play ) !m1 & t m5 :o c\ld n h&le a *isel1 might knead out ( !m "s expression ( human ?\ght4 ,9 ! anci5t ar*itecture ( ! clay di/ricts ( ,italy1 e possible adaptation ( ! mat]ial is f\nd exemplifi$3 f ! co>se/ & mo/ brittle k9ds1 us$ 9 ! mass ( ! /ructure1 to bricks = ar*es & pl9?s1 ca/ 9 ! mo/ p]fect curves1 & ( almo/ e size1 /r5g?1 & h>dness2 & m\ld$ bricks1 wr\ght into fl[]-"w & trac]y z f9e z rais$ patt]ns ^u *9a4 ,&1 j z _m ( ! f9e/ works ( ! ,italian sculptors 7 execut$ 9 porcela91 _m ( ! be/ ?\ghts ( _! ar*itects are express$ 9 brick1 or 9 ! s(t] mat]ial ( t]ra cotta2 & if ?is 7 s 9 ,italy1 :]e !re is n "o city f ^: t[]s we may n descry ! blue outl9e ( ,alp or ,ap5n9e1 ev]la/+ qu>ries ( granite or m>ble1 h[ mu* m ought x to be s among ! fields ( ,engl&6 ,i believe t ! be/ academy = h] ar*itects1 = "s half c5tury to come1 w\ld be ! brick-field2 = ( ?is !y may re/ assur$1 t till !y "k h[ to use clay1 !y w nev] "k h[ to use m>ble4 ,,xxxix4 ,& n[ obs]ve1 z we pass f fig4 #b to fig4 #c1 & f fig4 #e to fig4 #f1 9 ,plate ,,xvii41 a mo/ int]e/+ /ep ( transition4 ,z we saw above1 ,,xiv41 ! r\nd ar* yield+ to ! ,go?ic1 by all[+ a po9t to em]ge at its summit1 s "h we h ! ,go?ic conc$+ some?+ to ! =m :i* _h be5 assum$ by ! r\nd2 & itself slightly alt]+ its outl9e s z to meet ! condesc5sion ( ! r\nd ar* half way4 ,at page #acg ( ! fir/ volume1 ,i h drawn to scale "o ( ^! m9ute concessions ( ! po9t$ ar*1 grant$ at ,v]ona out ( pure c\rtesy to ! ,v5etian =ms1 by "o ( ! pure/ ,go?ic ornam5ts 9 ! _w2 & ! small w9d[ "h1 fig4 #f1 is a simil> example at ,v5ice itself1 f ! ,campo ,santa ,m>ia ,mat] ,dom9i1 :]e ! rev]s$ curve at ! head ( ! po9t$ ar* is j p]ceptible & no m4 ,! o!r examples1 figs4 #c & #g1 ! fir/ f a small b v noble h\se 9 ! ,m]c]ia1 ! second f an isolat$ palace at ,murano1 %[ m advanc$ conditions ( ! rev]s$ curve1 :i*1 ?\gh /ill employ+ ! broad decorat$ ar*itrave ( ! e>li] examples1 are 9 all o!r respects prep>$ = ! transition to ! simple w9d[ ( ! fif? ord]4 ,,xl4 ,! next example1 ! upp]mo/ ( ! ?ree l[] s]ies 9 ,plate ,,xvii41 %[s ?is ord] 9 its e>ly purity2 associat$ ) int]m$iate decorations l ^? ( ! ,byzant9es1 f a palace once belong+ to ! ,erizzo family1 ne> ! ,ars5al4 ,! ornam5ts appe> to be actually ( ,greek workman%ip 7except1 p]haps1 ! two birds ov] ! c5tral ar*1 :i* are bold]1 & m free 9 treatm5t71 & built into ! ,go?ic fronts2 %[+1 h[ev]1 ! e>ly date ( ! :ole by ! mann] ( _! ins]tion1 correspond+ exactly ) t employ$ 9 ! ,byzant9e palaces1 & by ! cov]+ ( ! int]m$iate spaces ) %eets ( m>ble1 :i*1 h[ev]1 in/ead ( be+ laid ov] ! entire wall1 are n[ conf9$ to ! imm$iate spaces betwe5 & above ! w9d[s1 & are b\nd$ by a d5til m\ld+4 ,9 ! example bel[ ?is ! ,byzant9e ornam5tation has vani%$1 & ! fif? ord] w9d[ is se5 9 its g5]ic =m1 z commonly employ$ ?r\gh\t ! e>ly ,go?ic p]iod4 ,su* arcades are ( p]petual occurr5ce2 ! "o 9 ! ,plate 0 tak5 f a small palace on ! ,gr& ,canal1 ne>ly opposite ! ,casa ,fosc>i4 ,"o po9t 9 x des]ves especial notice1 ! increas$ size ( ! lat]al w9d[ z comp>$ ) ! re/3 a circum/ance :i* occurs 9 a great numb] ( ! gr\ps ( w9d[s belong+ to ?is p]iod1 & = :i* ,i h nev] be5 able to acc\nt4 ,,xli4 ,bo? ^! figures h be5 mo/ c>efully engrav$2 & ! upp]mo/ w give ! read] a p]fectly fai?ful idea ( ! g5]al effect ( ! ,byzant9e sculptures1 & ( ! v>i$ alaba/] among :i* !y are inlaid1 z well z ( ! mann] 9 :i* ^! pieces are set toge!r1 e jo9t hav+ be5 drawn on ! spot3 & ! transition f ! embroid]$ & silv]y ri*ness ( ?is ar*itecture1 9 :i* ! ,byzant9e ornam5tation 0 associat$ ) ! ,go?ic =m ( ar*1 to ! simplicity ( ! pure ,go?ic arcade z se5 9 ! l[] figure1 is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ph5om5a 9 ! hi/ory ( ,v5etian art4 ,if x _h occurr$ sudd5ly1 & at an e>li] p]iod1 x might h be5 trac$ p>tly to ! hatr$ ( ! ,greeks1 consequ5t ^u ! trea*]y ( ,manuel ,comn5us1#ia & ! fatal w> to :i* x l$2 b ! *ange takes place gradually1 & n till a mu* lat] p]iod4 ,i hop$ to h be5 able to make "s c>eful inquiries into ! habits ( dome/ic life ( ! ,v5etians be=e & aft] ! dissolution ( _! fri5dly relations ) ,con/ant9ople2 b ! labor necess>y = ! execution ( my m imm$iate task has entirely prev5t$ ?is3 & ,i mu/ be cont5t to lay ! succession ( ! ar*itectural /yles pla9ly be=e ! read]1 & leave ! collat]al que/ions to ! inve/igation ( o!rs2 m]ely not+ ?is "o assur$ fact1 t ! root ( all t is greate/ 9 ,*ri/ian art is /ruck 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury2 t ! temp] ( t c5tury is ! life-blood ( all manly "w !nce=w>d 9 ,europe2 & ,i suppose t "o ( its peculi> *>act]i/ics 0 else:]e1 z assur$ly 9 ,flor5ce1 a s+ul> simplicity 9 dome/ic life3 ,i saw ,bell9cion ,b]ti walk abroad ,9 lea!rn girdle1 & a clasp ( bone2 ,&1 ) no artful color+ on h] *eeks1 ,8 lady leave ! glass4 ,! sons ,i saw ,( ,v]li & ( ,vec*io1 well cont5t ,) unrob$ j]k91 & _! good dames h&l+ ,! sp9dle & ! flax4444 ,"o wak$ to t5d ! cradle1 hu%+ x ,) s\nds t lull$ ! p>5ts' infancy2 ,ano!r1 ) h] maid5s1 draw+ (f ,! tresses f ! di/aff1 lectur$ !m ,old tales ( ,troy1 & ,fesole1 & ,rome4#ib ,,xlii4 ,su*1 !n1 is ! simple fact at ,v5ice1 t f ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury !re is f\nd a s+ul> increase ( simplicity 9 all ar*itectural ornam5tation2 ! ri* ,byzant9e capitals giv+ place to a pure & sev]e type h]eaft] to be describ$1#ic & ! ri* sculptures vani%+ f ! walls1 no?+ b ! m>ble fac+ rema9+4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ examples ( ?is transitional /ate is a palace at ,san ,sev]o1 j beh9d ! ,casa ,zorzi4 ,?is latt] is a ,r5aissance build+1 utt]ly wor?less 9 e respect1 b kn[n to ! ,v5etian ,cic]oni2 & by inquir+ = x1 & pass+ a little beyond x d[n ! ,fondam5ta ,san ,sev]o1 ! travell] w see1 on ! o!r side ( ! canal1 a palace :i* ! ,cic]oni nev] notice1 b :i* is unique 9 ,v5ice = ! magnific5ce ( ! ve9$ purple alaba/]s ) :i* x has be5 decorat$1 & = ! manly simplicity ( ! foliage ( its capitals4 ,except 9 ^!1 x has no sculpture :atev]1 & its effect is dep5d5t entirely on color4 ,disks ( gre5 s]p5t9e are inlaid on ! field ( purple alaba/]2 & ! pill>s are alt]nately ( r$ m>ble ) :ite capitals1 & ( :ite m>ble ) r$ capitals4 ,its w9d[s appe> ( ! ?ird ord]2 & ! back ( ! palace1 9 a small & mo/ picturesque c\rt1 %[s a gr\p ( w9d[s :i* are1 p]haps1 ! mo/ sup]b examples ( t ord] 9 ,v5ice4 ,b ! w9d[s to ! front h1 ,i ?9k1 be5 ( ! fif? ord]1 & _! cusps h be5 cut away4 ,,xliii4 ,:5 ! ,go?ic feel+ began m decid$ly to e/abli% itself1 x evid5tly became a "q ) ! ,v5etian build]s1 h[ ! int]vals betwe5 ! ar*es1 n[ left blank by ! ab&onm5t ( ! ,byzant9e sculptures1 %\ld be enri*$ 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples ( ! new s*ool4 ,two mo/ important examples are left ( ! exp]im5ts made at ?is p]iod3 "o at ! ,ponte del ,=n]1 at ,san ,cassano1 a noble h\se 9 :i* ! sp&rils ( ! w9d[s are fill$ by ! emblems ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s1 sculptur$ 9 deep relief1 & t\*+ ! edges ( ! ar*es ) _! exp&$ w+s2 ! o!r n[ kn[n z ! ,palazzo ,cicogna1 ne> ! *ur* ( ,san ,seba/iano1 9 ! qu>t] call$ ( ! ,ar*angel ,raphael1 9 :i* a l>ge space ( wall above ! w9d[s is occupi$ by an intricate b rude trac]y ( involv$ quatrefoils4 ,( bo? ^! palaces ,i purpos$ to give draw+s 9 my folio "w2 b ,i %all probably be sav$ ! tr\ble by ! publication ( ! beautiful calotypes lately made at ,v5ice ( bo?2 & x is unnecess>y to repres5t !m "h1 z !y are unique 9 ,v5etian ar*itecture1 ) ! s+le exception ( an unimportant imitation ( ! fir/ ( !m 9 a little by-/reet close to ! ,campo ,/a4 ,m>ia ,=mosa4 ,= ! "q z to ! mode ( decorat+ ! int]val betwe5 ! ar*es 0 sudd5ly & irrevocably det]m9$ by ! build] ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 :o1 z we h se51 tak+ 8 fir/ idea f ! trac]ies ( ! ,fr>i1 & arrang+ ^? trac]ies z be/ fitt$ 8 own purpose1 design$ ! great arcade 7! l[e/ ( ! ?ree 9 ,plate ,,xvii471 :i* !nce=w>d became ! e/abli%$ model = e "w ( importance 9 ,v5ice4 ,! palaces built on ?is model1 h[ev]1 mo/ ( !m n till ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 belong prop]ly to ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance2 & :at little we h to note respect+ !m may be m cle>ly /at$ 9 connexion ) o!r facts *>act]i/ic ( t p]iod4 ,,xliv4 ,z ! examples 9 ,plate ,,xvii4 are necess>ily conf9$ to ! upp] p>ts ( ! w9d[s1 ,i h giv5 9 ! ,plate opposite 7,,xviii#id7 examples ( ! fif? ord] w9d[1 bo? 9 its e>lie/ & 9 its fully develop$ =m1 complet$ f base to key/one4 ,! upp] example is a beautiful gr\p f a small h\se1 nev] ( any size or pret5sion1 & n[ inhabit$ only by ! poor1 9 ! ,campiello della ,/rope1 close to ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,giacomo de ,lorio4 ,x is rem>kable = its excessive purity ( curve1 & is ( v e>ly date1 its m\ld+s be+ simpl] ?an usual4#ie ,! l[] example is f ! second /ory ( a palace belong+ to ! ,priuli family1 ne> ,san ,lor5zo1 & %[s "o feature to :i* our att5tion has n hi!rto be5 direct$1 namely1 ! p5etration ( ! cusp1 leav+ only a silv] ?read ( /one trac$ on ! d>kness ( ! w9d[4 ,i ne$ n say t1 9 ?is condition1 ! cusp ceases to h any con/ructive use1 & is m]ely decorative1 b (t5 exce$+ly beautiful4 ,! /eps ( transition f ! e>ly solid cusp to ?is sl5d] ?read are notic$ 9 ! f9al ,app5dix1 "u ! head ,trac]y ,b>s2 ! comm5cem5t ( ! *ange be+ 9 ! ?9n+ ( ! /one1 :i* is n cut ?r\gh until x is ?or\ghly emaciat$4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! condition 9 :i* ! cusp is f\nd is a useful te/ ( age1 :5 comp>$ ) o!r po9ts2 ! m solid x is1 ! m anci5t3 b ! massive =m is (t5 f\nd associat$ ) ! p]=at$1 z late z ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! ,ducal ,palace1 ! l[] or be>+ trac]ies h ! solid cusp1 & ! upp] trac]ies ( ! w9d[s1 :i* are m]ely decorative41 h ! p]=at$ cusp1 bo? ) exquisite effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xviii4 ,,w9d[s ,,( ,,! ,,fif? ,,ord]4 ,,xlv4 ,! small] balconies betwe5 ! great %afts 9 ! l[] example 9 ,plate ,,xviii4 are orig9al & *>act]i/ic3 n s ! lat]al "o ( ! deta*$ w9d[1 :i* has be5 re/or$2 b by imag9+ x to be l t repres5t$ 9 fig4 #a1 ,plate ,,xiii41 above1 :i* is a p]fect w9d[ ( ! f9e/ "t ( ! fif? ord]1 ! read] w be enabl$ to =m a complete idea ( ! ext]nal appe>ance ( ! pr9cipal ap>tm5ts 9 ! h\se ( a noble ( ,v5ice1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,,xlvi4 ,:e!r noble1 or m]*ant1 or1 z frequ5tly happ5$1 bo?1 e ,v5etian appe>s1 at ?is "t1 to h rais$ 8 palace or dwell+-h\se ^u "o type4 ,"u e condition ( importance1 ?r\gh e v>iation ( size1 ! =ms & mode ( decoration ( all ! features 7 univ]sally alike2 n s]vilely alike1 b frat]nally2 n ) ! sam5ess ( co9s ca/ f "o m\ld1 b ) ! lik5ess ( ! memb]s ( "o family4 ,no fragm5t ( ! p]iod is pres]v$1 9 :i* ! w9d[s1 be !y few or _m1 a gr\p ( ?ree or an arcade ( ?irty1 h n ! noble cusp$ ar* ( ! fif? ord]4 ,& !y are especially to be not$ by u at ?is day1 because ^! ref9$ & ri*ly ornam5t$ =ms 7 us$ 9 ! habitations ( a nation z labori\s1 z practical1 z brave1 & z prud5t z ourselves2 & !y 7 built at a "t :5 t nation 0 /ruggl+ ) calamities & *anges ?reat5+ its exi/5ce almo/ e h\r4 ,&1 f>!r1 !y are int]e/+ because p]fectly applicable to mod]n habitation4 ,! ref9em5t ( dome/ic life appe>s to h be5 f> advanc$ 9 ,v5ice f h] e>lie/ days2 & ! rema9s ( h] ,go?ic palaces are1 at ?is day1 ! mo/ delightful resid5ces 9 ! city1 hav+ und]gone no *ange 9 ext]nal =m1 & probably hav+ be5 r injur$ ?an r5d]$ m conv5i5t by ! modifications :i* pov]ty & ,r5aissance ta/e1 cont5d+ ) ! ravages ( "t1 h introduc$ 9 ! int]iors4 ,s t1 9 ,v5ice1 & ! cities gr\p$ ar\nd x1 ,vic5za1 ,padua1 & ,v]ona1 ! travell] may asc]ta91 by actual exp]i5ce1 ! effect :i* w\ld be produc$ ^u ! com=t or luxury ( daily life by ! revival ( ! ,go?ic s*ool ( ar*itecture4 ,he c /ill /& ^u ! m>ble balcony 9 ! s(t summ] air1 & feel its smoo? surface w>m f ! noontide z he leans on x 9 ! twilight2 he c /ill see ! /rong sweep ( ! unru9$ trac]ies drawn on ! deep s]5ity ( ! />ry sky1 & wat* ! fanta/ic %ad[s ( ! clu/]$ ar*es %ort5 9 ! moonlight on ! *equ]$ floor2 or he may close ! casem5ts fitt$ to _! un%ak5 %afts aga9/ su* w9try w9ds z w\ld h made an ,engli% h\se vibrate to its f\ndation1 &1 9 ei!r case1 comp>e _! influ5ce on 8 daily home feel+ ) t ( ! squ>e op5+s 9 8 ,engli% wall4 ,,xlvii4 ,& let him be assur$1 if he f9d !re is m to be enjoy$ 9 ! ,go?ic w9d[1 !re is also m to be tru/$4 ,x is ! be/ & /ronge/ build+1 z x is ! mo/ beautiful4 ,i am n n[ speak+ ( ! p>ticul> =m ( ,v5etian ,go?ic1 b ( ! g5]al /r5g? ( ! po9t$ ar* z oppos$ to t ( ! level l9tel ( ! squ>e w9d[2 & ,i plead = ! introduction ( ! ,go?ic =m into our dome/ic ar*itecture1 n m]ely because x is lovely1 b because x is ! only =m ( fai?ful1 /rong1 endur+1 & honorable build+1 9 su* mat]ials z come daily to our h&s4 ,by increase ( scale & co/1 x is possible to build1 9 any /yle1 :at w la/ = ages2 b only 9 ! ,go?ic is x possible to give security & dignity to "w wr\ght ) imp]fect means & mat]ials4 ,& ,i tru/ t !re w come a "t :5 ! ,engli% p may see ! folly ( build+ basely & insecurely4 ,x is common ) ^? ar*itects aga9/ ^: practice my writ+s h hi!rto be5 direct$1 to call !m m]ely !oretical & imag9ative4 ,i answ]1 t !re is n a s+le pr9ciple ass]t$ ei!r 9 ! ,sev5 ,lamps or "h1 b is ( ! simple/1 /]ne/ v]acity1 & ! easie/ practicability2 t build+s1 rais$ z ,i w\ld h !m1 w\ld /& un%ak5 = a ?\s& ye>s2 & ! build+s rais$ by ! ar*itects :o oppose !m w n /& = "o hundr$ & fifty1 !y sometimes d n /& = an h\r4 ,!re is h>dly a week passes )\t "s cata/rophe br\ght ab\t by ! base pr9ciples ( mod]n build+2 "s vaultless floor t drops ! /agg]+ cr[d ?r\gh ! jagg$ r5ts ( its rott5 timb]s2 "s baseless bridge t is wa%$ away by ! fir/ wave ( a summ] flood2 "s fung\s wall ( nasc5t rott5ness t a ?und]-%[] soaks d[n ) its workm5 into a heap ( slime & dea?4#if ,^! we he> (1 day by day3 yet ^! indicate b ! ?\s&? "p ( ! evil4 ,! portion ( ! national income sacrific$ 9 m]e bad build+1 9 ! p]petual repairs1 & swift condemnation & pull+ d[n ( ill-built %ells ( h\ses1 passes all calculation4 ,& ! weight ( ! p5alty is n yet felt2 x w tell ^u our *ildr5 "s fifty ye>s h5ce1 :5 ! *eap "w1 & contract "w1 & /ucco & pla/] "w1 & bad iron "w1 & all ! o!r exp$i5ts ( mod]n rivalry1 vanity1 & di%one/y1 beg9 to %[ !mselves = :at !y are4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxxv4 ,,xlviii4 ,inde$1 di%one/y & false economy w no m build safely 9 ,go?ic ?an 9 any o!r /yle3 b ( all =ms :i* we c\ld possibly employ1 to be fram$ ha/ily & out ( bad mat]ials1 ! common squ>e w9d[ is ! wor/2 & its level head ( brickwork 7a1 ,fig4 ,,xxxv47 is ! weake/ way ( cov]+ a space4 ,inde$1 9 ! ha/ily heap$ %ells ( mod]n h\ses1 !re may be se5 (t5 ev5 a worse mann] ( plac+ ! bricks1 z at b1 support+ !m by a bit ( la? till ! mort> dries2 b ev5 :5 work$ ) ! utmo/ c>e1 & hav+ e brick tap]$ into ! =m ( a v\ssoir & accurately fitt$1 ,i h se5 su* a w9d[-head give way1 & a wide fissure torn ?r\gh all ! brickwork above x1 two ye>s aft] x 0 built2 :ile ! po9t$ ar* ( ! ,v]onese ,go?ic1 wr\ght 9 brick also1 occurs at e corn] ( ! /reets ( ! city1 unt\*$ s9ce ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & )\t a s+le flaw4 ,,xlix4 ,nei!r c ! objection1 s (t5 rais$ aga9/ ! po9t$ ar*1 t x w n admit ! conv5i5t adju/m5t ( mod]n sa%es & glass1 hold = an in/ant4 ,!re is n ! smalle/ necessity1 because ! ar* is po9t$1 t ! ap]ture %\ld be s4 ,! "w ( ! ar* is to su/a9 ! build+ above2 :5 ?is is once done securely1 ! po9t$ head ( x may be fill$ 9 any way we *oose4 ,9 ! be/ ca!dral doors x is always fill$ by a %ield ( solid /one2 9 _m e>ly w9d[s ( ! be/ ,go?ic x is fill$ 9 ! same mann]1 ! introduc$ slab ( /one becom+ a field = ri* decoration2 & !re is n ! smalle/ reason :y lancet w9d[s1 us$ 9 bold gr\ps1 ) ea* po9t$ ar* fill$ by a sculptur$ tympanum1 %\ld n all[ z mu* light to ent]1 & 9 z conv5i5t a way1 z ! mo/ luxuri\sly glaz$ squ>e w9d[s ( our brick h\ses4 ,give ! gr\ps ( associat$ lights bold gabl$ canopies2 *>ge ! gables ) sculpture & color2 & in/ead ( ! base & almo/ useless ,greek portico1 lett+ ! ra9 & w9d ent] x at w1 build ! /eeply vault$ & completely %elt]$ ,go?ic por*2 & on all ^! fields = ri* decoration let ! common workman c>ve :at he pleases1 to ! be/ ( 8 p[]1 & we may h a s*ool ( dome/ic ar*itecture 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :i* w make our *ildr5 grateful to u1 & pr\d ( u1 till ! ?irtie?4 ,l4 ,!re rema9s only "o important feature to be exam9$1 ! entrance gate or door4 ,we h already obs]v$ t ! "o seems to pass into ! o!r1 a sign ( increas$ love ( privacy r ?an ( increas$ humility1 z ! ,go?ic palaces assume _! p]fect =m4 ,9 ! ,byzant9e palaces ! entrances appe> always to h be5 r great gates ?an doors1 magnific5t semicircul> ar*es op5+ to ! wat]1 & surr\nd$ by ri* sculpture 9 ! ar*ivolts4 ,"o ( ^! entrances is se5 9 ! small woodcut above1 ,fig4 ,,xxv41 & ano!r has be5 giv5 c>efully 9 my folio "w3 _! sculpture is g5]ally ( grotesque animals scatt]$ among leafage1 )\t any def9ite mean+2 b ! great out] entrance ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 :i* appe>s to h be5 complet$ "s "t aft] ! re/ ( ! fabric1 diff]s f all o!rs 9 pres5t+ a s]ies ( subjects altoge!r ,go?ic 9 feel+1 selection1 & vitality ( execution1 & :i* %[ ! occult entrance ( ! ,go?ic _s be=e x _h yet succe$$ 9 effect+ any modification ( ! ,byzant9e =ms4 ,^! sculptures repres5t ! mon?s ( ! ye> employ$ 9 ! avocations usually attribut$ to !m ?r\gh\t ! :ole compass ( ! middle ages1 9 ,nor!rn ar*itecture & manuscript cal5d>s1 & at la/ exquisitely v]sifi$ by ,sp5s]4 ,= ! sake ( ! travell] 9 ,v5ice1 :o %\ld exam9e ?is ar*ivolt c>efully1 ,i %all enum]ate ^! sculptures 9 _! ord]1 not+ su* p>allel repres5tations z ,i rememb] 9 o!r "w4 ,,li4 ,!re are f\r successive ar*ivolts1 "o )9 ! o!r1 =m+ ! great c5tral entrance ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,! fir/ is a magnific5t ext]nal ar*1 =m$ ( obscure figures m+l$ among masses ( leafage1 z 9 ord9>y ,byzant9e "w2 )9 ?is !re is a hemisph]ical dome1 cov]$ ) mod]n mosaic2 & at ! back ( ?is recess ! o!r ?ree ar*ivolts foll[ consecutively1 two sculptur$1 "o pla92 ! "o ) :i* we are conc]n$ is ! out]mo/4 ,x is c>v$ bo? on its front & "u-surface or s(fit2 on ! front are sev5te5 female figures be>+ scrolls1 f :i* ! leg5ds are un=tunately effac$4 ,^! figures 7 once gild$ on a d>k blue gr\nd1 z may /ill be se5 9 ,g5tile ,bell9i's picture ( ,/4 ,m>k's 9 ! ,accademia delle ,belle ,arti4 ,! sculptures ( ! mon?s are on ! "u-surface1 beg9n+ at ! bottom on ! left h& ( ! spectator z he ent]s1 & foll[+ 9 succession r\nd ! ar*ivolt2 sep>at$1 h[ev]1 into two gr\ps1 at its c5tre1 by a beautiful figure ( ! y\?ful ,*ri/1 sitt+ 9 ! mid/ ( a slightly holl[$ sph]e cov]$ ) />s to repres5t ! firmam5t1 & ) ! att5dant sun & moon1 set "o on ea* side to rule ov] ! day & ov] ! night4 ,,lii4 ,! mon?s are p]sonifi$ z foll[s3-- #a4 ,,janu>y1 ,c>ry+ home a noble tree on 8 %\ld]s1 ! leafage ( :i* nods =w>ds1 & falls ne>ly to 8 feet4 ,sup]bly cut4 ,?is is a r>e repres5tation ( him4 ,m frequ5tly he is repres5t$ z ! two-head$ ,janus1 sitt+ at a table1 dr9k+ at "o m\? & eat+ at ! o!r4 ,sometimes z an old man1 w>m+ 8 feet at a fire1 & dr9k+ f a b[l2 ?\gh ?is type is g5]ally res]v$ = ,febru>y4 ,sp5s]1 h[ev]1 gives ! same symbol z t on ,/4 ,m>k's3 ,numbd ) hold+ all ! day ,an hat*et ke5e1 ) :i* he fell$ wood4 ,8 sign1 ,aqu>ius1 is obscurely indicat$ 9 ! ar*ivolt by "s wavy l9es repres5t+ wat]1 unless ! figure has be5 brok5 away4 #b4 ,,febru>y4 ,sitt+ 9 a c>v$ *air1 w>m+ 8 b>e feet at a blaz+ fire4 ,g5]ally1 :5 he is ?us repres5t$1 !re is a pot hung ov] ! fire1 f ! top ( ! *imney4 ,sometimes he is prun+ trees1 z 9 ,sp5s]3 ,yet _h he by 8 side ,8 pl\gh & h>nesse fit to till ! gr\nd1 ,& tooles to prune ! trees4 ,n unfrequ5tly1 9 ! cal5d>s1 ?is mon? is repres5t$ by a female figure c>ry+ c&les1 9 honor ( ! ,purification ( ! ,virg94 ,8 sign1 ,pisces1 is prom95tly c>v$ above him4 #c4 ,,m>*4 ,"h1 z almo/ always 9 ,italy1 a w>rior3 ! ,m>s ( ! ,lat9s be+ ( c\rse1 9 m$ival "w1 made repres5tative ( ! milit>y p[] ( ! place & p]iod2 & ?us1 at ,v5ice1 hav+ ! w+$ ,lion pa9t$ ^u 8 %ield4 ,9 ,nor!rn "w1 h[ev]1 ,i ?9k ,m>* is commonly employ$ 9 prun+ trees2 or1 at lea/1 he is s :5 t occupation is left free = him by ,febru>y's be+ engag$ ) ! c]emonies ( ,c&lemas4 ,sometimes1 also1 he is reap+ a l[ & scatt]$ k9d ( gra92 & by ,sp5s]1 :o exactly m>ks ! junction ( m$ival & classical feel+1 8 milit>y & agricultural functions are unit$1 :ile also1 9 ! ,lat9 mann]1 he is made ! fir/ ( ! mon?s4 ,fir/ /urdy ,m>*1 ) br[s full /]nly b5t1 ,& arm$ /rongly1 rode ^u a ,ram1 ,! same :i* ov] ,hellespontus swam2 ,yet 9 8 h& a spade he also b5t1 ,& 9 a bag all sorts ( se$s ysame1#ig ,:i* on ! e>? he /r[$ z he w5t4 ,8 sign1 ! ,ram1 is v sup]bly c>v$ above him 9 ! ar*ivolt4 #d4 ,,april4 ,"h1 c>ry+ a %eep ^u 8 %\ld]4 ,a r>e repres5tation ( him4 ,9 ,nor!rn "w he is almo/ univ]sally ga!r+ fl[]s1 or hold+ !m triumphantly 9 ea* h&4 ,! ,sp5s]ian m+l+ ( ?is m$ival image ) t ( 8 be+ wet ) %[]s1 & wanton ) love1 by turn+ 8 zodiacal sign1 ,taurus1 into ! bull ( ,europa1 is altoge!r exquisite4 ,^u a ,bull he rode1 ! same :i* l$ ,europa flot+ ?r\gh ! ,argolick fluds3 ,8 horns 7 gild5 all ) gold5 /uds1 ,& g>ni%$ ) g>londs goodly dight ,( all ! faire/ fl[res & fre%e/ buds ,:i* ?' e>? br+s =?2 & wet he seem$ 9 sight ,) waves1 ?r\gh :i* he wad$ = 8 love's delight4 #e4 ,,may is seat$1 :ile two "y maid5s cr[n him ) fl[]s4 ,a v unusual repres5tation1 ev5 9 ,italy2 :]e1 z 9 ! ,nor?1 he is almo/ always rid+ out hunt+ or hawk+1 sometimes play+ on a musical in/rum5t4 ,9 ,sp5s]1 ?is mon? is p]sonifi$ z ! fayre/ mayd on gr\nd1 borne on ! %\ld]s ( ! ,tw9s4 ,9 ?is ar*ivolt !re are only two heads to repres5t ! zodiacal sign4 ,! summ] & autumnal mon?s are always repres5t$ 9 a s]ies ( agricultural occupations1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 v>y ) ! locality 9 :i* !y occur2 b g5]ally 9 _! ord] only4 ,?us1 if ,june is m[+1 ,july is reap+2 if ,july is m[+1 ,augu/ is reap+2 & s on4 ,i %all give a p>allel view ( "s ( ^! v>ieties pres5tly2 b1 meantime1 we _h bett] foll[ ! ,/ ,m>k's s]ies1 z x is peculi> 9 "s respects4 #f4 ,,june4 ,reap+4 ,! corn & sickle sculptur$ ) s+ul> c>e & precision1 9 bold relief1 & ! zodiacal sign1 ! ,crab1 above1 also work$ ) great _s4 ,sp5s] puts pl\gh irons into 8 h&4 ,sometimes he is %eep-%e>+2 &1 9 ,engli% & nor!rn ,fr5* manuscripts1 c>ry+ a k9d ( fagot or b>rel1 ( ! mean+ ( :i* ,i am n c]ta94 #g4 ,,july4 ,m[+4 ,a v int]e/+ piece ( sculpture1 ow+ to ! c>e ) :i* ! fl[]s are wr\ght out among ! long grass4 ,i d n rememb] ev] f9d+ ,july b ei!r reap+ or m[+4 ,sp5s] works him h>d1 & puts him to bo? labors3 ,beh9de 8 backe a si!1 & by 8 side ,"u 8 belt he bore a sickle circl+ wide4 #h4 ,,augu/4 ,peculi>ly repres5t$ 9 ?is ar*ivolt1 sitt+ 9 a *air1 ) 8 head ^u 8 h&1 z if asleep2 ! ,virg9 7! zodiacal sign7 above him1 lift+ up h] h&4 ,?is appe>s to be a peculi>ly ,italian v]sion ( ! prop] employm5t ( ,augu/4 ,9 ,nor!rn c\ntries he is g5]ally ?re%+1 or ga!r+ grapes4 ,sp5s] m]ely clo!s him ) gold1 & makes him lead =? ! righte\s ,virg91 :i* ( old ,liv$ "h on e>?1 & pl5ty made ab\nd4 #i4 ,,septemb]4 ,be>+ home grapes 9 a basket4 ,almo/ always s[+1 9 ,nor!rn "w4 ,by ,sp5s]1 ) 8 usual exquisite +5uity1 employ$ 9 ga!r+ 9 ! g5]al h>ve/1 & portion+ x out ) ! ,scales1 8 zodiacal sign4 #aj4 ,,octob]4 ,we>+ a conical hat1 & digg+ busily ) a long spade4 ,9 ,nor!rn "w he is sometimes a v9tag]1 sometimes beat+ ! acorns out ( an oak to fe$ sw9e4 ,:5 ,septemb] is v9tag+1 ,octob] is g5]ally s[+4 ,sp5s] employs him 9 ! h>ve/ bo? ( v9e & olive4 #aa4 ,,novemb]4 ,seems to be cat*+ small birds 9 a net4 ,i d n rememb] him s employ$ else:]e4 ,he is ne>ly always kill+ pigs2 sometimes beat+ ! oak = !m2 ) ,sp5s]1 fatt+ !m4 #ab4 ,,decemb]4 ,kill+ sw9e4 ,x is h>dly ev] t ?is employm5t is n giv5 to "o or o!r ( ! t]m9al mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,if n s engag$1 ,decemb] is usually putt+ new loaves into ! ov52 sometimes kill+ ox54 ,sp5s] prop]ly makes him fea/+ & dr9k+ in/ead ( ,janu>y4 ,,liii4 ,on ! next page ,i h giv5 a p>allel view ( ! employm5t ( ! mon?s f "s ,nor!rn manuscripts1 9 ord] t !y may be m conv5i5tly comp>$ ) ! sculptures ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 9 _! expression ( ! v>ieties ( climate & agricultural sy/em4 ,obs]ve t ! lett] 7f47 9 "s ( ! columns1 opposite ! mon? ( ,may1 means t he has a falcon on 8 fi/2 be+1 9 ^? cases1 repres5t$ z rid+ out1 9 high exultation1 on a cap>ison$ :ite horse4 ,a s]ies ne>ly simil> to t ( ,/4 ,m>k's occurs on ! door ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,lucca1 & on t ( ! ,bapti/]y ( ,pisa2 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 if ,i recollect rightly1 ,febru>y is fi%+1 & ,may has some?+ resembl+ an umbrella 9 8 h&1 in/ead ( a hawk4 ,b1 9 all cases1 ! figures are treat$ ) ! peculi> _s ( ! ,go?ic sculptors2 & ?is ar*ivolt is ! fir/ expression ( t _s :i* is to be f\nd 9 ,v5ice4 ,,second ,,p]iod ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,ms4 ,fr5*4 ,,ms4 ,fr5*4 ,,ms4 ,fr5*4 ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,late #ac? ,late #ac? ,late #ac? ,c5tury ,c5tury ,c5tury ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,janu>y ,c>ry+ wood4,janus fea/+4,janus fea/+4,dr9k+ & /irr+ fire4 ,febru>y ,w>m+ feet4 ,w>m+ feet4 ,w>m+ feet4 ,prun+4 ,m>* ,go+ to w>4 ,prun+4 ,prun+4 ,/rik+ ) axe4 ,april ,c>ry+ ,ga!r+ ,ga!r+ ,ga!r+ %eep4 fl[]s4 fl[]s4 fl[]s4 ,may ,cr[n$ ) ,rid+ 7f474 ,rid+ 7f474 ,play+ fl[]s4 viol94 ,june ,reap+4 ,m[+4 ,m[+4 ,ga!r+ l>ge r$ fl[]s4 ,july ,m[+4 ,reap+4 ,reap+4 ,m[+4 ,augu/ ,asleep4 ,?re%+4 ,ga!r+ ,reap+4 grapes4 ,septemb],c>ry+ ,s[+4 ,s[+4 ,dr9k+ w9e4 grapes4 ,octob] ,digg+4 ,ga!r+ ,beat+ oak4 ,s[+4 grapes4 ,novemb] ,cat*+ ,beat+ oak4 ,kill+ sw9e4 ,kill+ sw9e4 birds4 ,decemb] ,kill+ sw9e4,kill+ sw9e4 ,bak+4 ,kill+ ox54 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,ms4 ,fr5*4 ,,ms4 ,engli%4 ,,ms4 ,flemi%4 ,e>ly #ad? ,c5tury4,e>ly #ae? ,c5tury4 #ae? ,c5tury4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,janu>y ,w>m+ feet4 ,janus fea/+4 ,fea/+ ,febru>y ,be>+ c&les4 ,w>m+ feet4 ,w>m+ h&s4 ,m>* ,prun+4 ,c>ry+ c&les4 ,reap+4 ,april ,ga!r+ fl[]s4 ,prun+4 ,ga!r+ fl[]s4 ,may ,rid+ 7f474 ,rid+ 7f474 ,rid+ ) lady on pillion4 ,june ,c>ry+ 7fagots87 ,c>ry+ fagots4 ,%eep-%e>+4 ,july ,m[+4 ,m[+4 ,m[+4 ,augu/ ,reap+4 ,reap+4 ,reap+4 ,septemb],?re%+4 ,?re%+4 ,s[+4 ,octob] ,s[+4 ,s[+4 ,beat+ oak4 ,novemb] ,kill+ sw9e4 ,kill+ sw9e4 ,press+ 7grapes87 ,decemb] ,bak+4 ,bak+4 ,kill+ sw9e4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,liv4 ,9 ! private palaces1 ! entrances soon admitt$ "s concession to ! ,go?ic =m also4 ,!y pass ?r\gh ne>ly ! same conditions ( *ange z ! w9d[s1 ) ^! ?ree diff]5ces3 fir/1 t no ar*es ( ! fanta/ic f\r? ord] occur 9 any doorways2 secondly1 t ! pure po9t$ ar* occurs e>li]1 & mu* (t5]1 9 doorways ?an 9 w9d[-heads2 la/ly1 t ! entrance itself1 if small1 is ne>ly always squ>e-head$ 9 ! e>lie/ examples1 )\t any ar* above1 b aft]w>ds ! ar* is ?r[n across above ! l9tel4 ,! int]val betwe5 ! two1 or tympanum1 is fill$ ) sculpture1 or clos$ by iron b>s1 ) sometimes a project+ gable1 to =m a por*1 ?r[n ov] ! :ole1 z 9 ! p]fect example1 #g a1 ,plate ,,xiv41 above4 ,! o!r examples 9 ! two l[] l9es1 #f & #g1 ( t ,plate are ea* *>act]i/ic ( an enorm\s numb] ( doors1 v>i\sly decorat$1 f ! ?irte5? to ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! p>ticul>s ( _! m\ld+s are giv5 9 ! f9al ,app5dix4 ,,lv4 ,x 0 useless1 on ! small scale ( ?is ,plate1 to attempt any del9eation ( ! ri*] sculptures ) :i* ! ar*es are fill$2 s t ,i h *os5 = x ! simple/ examples ,i c\ld f9d ( ! =ms to be illu/rat$3 b1 9 all ! m important in/ances1 ! door-head is *>g$ ei!r ) delicate ornam5ts & inlaid patt]ns 9 v>i\sly color$ brick1 or ) sculptures1 consi/+ always ( ! %ield or cre/ ( ! family1 protect$ by an angel4 ,( ^! m p]fect doorways ,i h giv5 ?ree examples c>efully1 9 my folio "w2 b ,i mu/ repeat "h "o "p ( ! acc\nt ( _! subjects giv5 9 its text1 = ! conv5i5ce ( ^? to :om ! l>g] "w may n be accessible4 ,,lvi4 ,9 ! e>li] ages1 all agree ?us f>1 t ! "n ( ! family is told1 & toge!r ) x !re is always an intimation t !y h plac$ _! def5ce & _! prosp]ity 9 ,god's h&s2 frequ5tly accompani$ ) "s g5]al expression ( b5$iction to ! p]son pass+ ov] ! ?re%old4 ,?is is ! g5]al !ory ( an old ,v5etian doorway2--! !ory ( mod]n doorways rema9s to be expla9$3 x may be /udi$ to advantage 9 our r[s ( new-built h\ses1 or r ( new-built h\se1 *angeless = miles toge!r1 f :i*1 to ea* inhabitant1 we allot 8 prop] quantity ( w9d[s1 & a ,doric portico4 ,! ,v5etian c>ri$ out 8 !ory v simply4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! ar*ivolt we f9d almo/ inv>iably1 9 ! old] "w1 ! h& betwe5 ! sun & moon 9 ! attitude ( bless+1 express+ ! g5]al p[] & pres5ce ( ,god1 ! s\rce ( light4 ,on ! tympanum is ! %ield ( ! family4 ,v5etian h]aldry requires no bea/s = support]s1 b usually pref]s angels1 nei!r ! support]s nor cre/s =m+ any necess>y "p ( ,v5etian be>+s4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 human figures1 or grotesques1 are sub/itut$2 b1 9 t case1 an angel is almo/ always introduc$ above ! %ield1 be>+ a globe 9 8 left h&1 & !re=e cle>ly int5d$ = ! ',angel ( ! ,"l1' or1 z x is express$ else:]e1 ! ',angel ( ,8 ,pres5ce4' ,:]e elaborate sculpture ( ?is k9d is inadmissible1 ! %ield is m]ely repres5t$ z susp5d$ by a lea!r ?ong2 & a cross is introduc$ above ! ar*ivolt4 ,! ,r5aissance ar*itects p]ceiv$ ! irrationality ( all ?is1 cut away bo? crosses & angels1 & sub/itut$ heads ( satyrs1 :i* 7 ! prop] presid+ deities ( ,v5ice 9 ! ,r5aissance p]iods1 & :i* 9 our own dome/ic in/itutions1 we h ev] s9ce1 ) mu* piety & sagacity1 reta9$4 ,,lvii4 ,! habit ( employ+ "s religi\s symbol1 or writ+ "s religi\s leg5d1 ov] ! door ( ! h\se1 does n entirely disappe> until f> into ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! words ,peace be to ?is h\se occur on "o side ( a ,v]onese gateway1 ) ! appropriate & v]aci\s inscription ,s4,p4,q4,r41 on a ,roman /&>d1 on ! o!r2 & ,bless$ is he t come? 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 is writt5 on "o ( ! doorways ( a build+ add$ at ! flank ( ! ,casa ,b>b>igo1 9 ! sixte5? or sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x seems to be only mod]n ,prote/antism :i* is entirely a%am$ ( all symbols & words t appe> 9 anywise l a confession ( fai?4 ,,lviii4 ,?is peculi> feel+ is well wor?y ( att5tive analysis4 ,x inde$1 9 mo/ cases1 h>dly des]ves ! "n ( a feel+2 = ! mean+less doorway is m]ely an ignorant copy ( hea!n models3 b yet1 if x 7 at ?is mom5t propos$ to any ( u1 by our ar*itects1 to remove ! gr9n+ head ( a satyr1 or o!r classical or ,palladian ornam5t1 f ! key/one ( ! door1 & to sub/itute = x a cross1 & an inscription te/ify+ our fai?1 ,i believe t mo/ p]sons w\ld %r9k f ! proposal ) an obscure & yet ov]:elm+ s5se t ?+s w\ld be sometimes done1 & ?\ght1 )9 ! h\se :i* w\ld make ! inscription on its gate a base hypocrisy4 ,& if s1 let u look to x1 :e!r t /rong reluctance to utt] a def9ite religi\s pr(ession1 :i* s _m ( u feel1 & :i*1 n v c>efully exam9+ into its dim nature1 we conclude to be mode/y1 or fe> ( hypocrisy1 or o!r su* =m ( amiabl5ess1 be n1 9 v de$1 nei!r less nor m ?an ,infidelity2 :e!r ,pet]'s ,i "k n ! man be n ! sum & sub/ance ( all ^! misgiv+s & hesitations2 & :e!r ! %amefac$ness :i* we attribute to s9c]ity & rev]5ce1 be n su* %amefac$ness z may at la/ put u among ^? ( :om ! ,son ( ,man %all be a%am$4 ,,lix4 ,su* are ! pr9cipal circum/ances to be not$ 9 ! ext]nal =m & details ( ! ,go?ic palaces2 ( _! int]ior arrangem5ts !re is little left unalt]$4 ,! gateways :i* we h be5 exam9+ almo/ univ]sally lead1 9 ! e>li] palaces1 into a long int]ior c\rt1 r\nd :i* ! mass ( ! palace is built2 & 9 :i* its fir/ /ory is rea*$ by a sup]b ext]nal /aircase1 su/a9$ on f\r or five po9t$ ar*es gradually increas+ z !y asc5d1 bo? 9 height & span1--?is *ange 9 _! size be+1 s f> z ,i rememb]1 peculi> to ,v5ice1 & visibly a consequ5ce ( ! habitual admission ( ar*es ( diff]5t sizes 9 ! ,byzant9e faades4 ,^! /aircases are protect$ by exquisitely c>v$ p>apets1 l ^? ( ! out] balconies1 ) lions or grotesque heads set on ! angles1 & ) true project+ balconies on _! l&+-places4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! c\rt !re is always a m>ble well2 & ^! wells furni% "s ( ! mo/ sup]b examples ( ,v5etian sculpture4 ,i am aw>e only ( "o rema9+ f ! ,byzant9e p]iod2 x is octagonal1 & treat$ l ! ri*e/ ( our ,norman fonts3 b ! ,go?ic wells ( e date1 f ! ?irte5? c5tury d[nw>ds1 are innum]able1 & full ( beauty1 ?\gh _! =m is little v>i$2 !y be+1 9 almo/ e case1 treat$ l colossal capitals ( pill>s1 ) foliage at ! angles1 & ! %ield ( ! family ^u _! sides4 ,,lx4 ,! int]ior ap>tm5ts always consi/ ( "o noble hall on ! fir/ /ory1 (t5 on ! second also1 ext5d+ across ! entire dep? ( ! h\se1 & light$ 9 front by ! pr9cipal gr\ps ( its w9d[s1 :ile small] ap>tm5ts op5 f x on ei!r side4 ,! ceil+s1 :]e !y rema9 unt\*$1 are ( bold horizontal beams1 ri*ly c>v$ & gild$2 b few ( ^! are left f ! true ,go?ic times1 ! ,v5etian int]iors hav+1 9 almo/ e case1 be5 remodell$ by ! ,r5aissance ar*itects4 ,?is *ange1 h[ev]1 = once1 we _c regret1 z ! walls & ceil+s1 :5 s alt]$1 7 cov]$ ) ! noble/ works ( ,v]onese1 ,titian1 & ,t9toret2 nor ! int]ior walls only1 b1 z be=e notic$1 (t5 ! ext]iors also4 ,( ! color decorations ( ! ,go?ic ext]iors ,i h1 !re=e1 at pres5t tak5 no notice1 z x w be m conv5i5t to embrace ?is subject 9 "o g5]al view ( ! sy/ems ( color+ ( ! ,v5etian palaces1 :5 we arrive at ! p]iod ( its ri*e/ developem5t4#ih ,! details1 also1 ( mo/ int]e/1 respect+ ! =ms & transitional decoration ( _! capitals1 w be giv5 9 ! f9al ,app5dix to ! next volume1 :]e we %all be able to include 9 our inquiry ! :ole ext5t ( ! ,go?ic p]iod2 & x rema9s = u1 !re=e1 at pres5t1 only to review ! hi/ory1 fix ! date1 & note ! mo/ important p>ticul>s 9 ! /ructure ( ! build+ :i* at once consummates & embodies ! entire sy/em ( ! ,go?ic ar*itecture ( ,v5ice1--! ,,ducal ,,palace4 ,,footnotes #ge #ch ft4 #b 941 )\t its cornice1 :i* is #aj in*es deep1 & su/a9s p9nacles ( /one #g feet high4 ,i 0 enabl$ to get ! measures by a scaffold+ erect$ 9 #ahea to repair ! front4 #gf ,i believe ! necess>y upp] jo9t is v]tical1 ?r\gh ! upp]mo/ lobe ( ! quatrefoil1 z 9 ! figure2 b ,i h lo/ my memor&um ( ?is jo9t4 #gg ,dice1 *e non lauda p] alcun modo di mett] que/o ,s]5issimo ,dom9io 9 tanto p]icolo d' habit> un palazzo fabricato 9 aria4--,p>]i di ,,xv4 ,ar*itetti1 con illu/razioni dell' ,abbate ,giuseppe ,cador9 7,v5ice1 #ahch71 p4 #ajd4 #gh ,il muro della sala pi grosso delle colonne sott' esso pi$i uno e onze tre1 et po/o 9 modo *e onze sei /a come 9 a]e sopra la piazza1 et onze nove d5tro4--,p>]i di ,,xv4 ,ar*itetti1 p4 #dg4 #gi ,comp>e ,sev5 ,lamps1 *ap4 iii4 #g4 #hj ,p>]i1 above quot$1 p4 #ba4 #ha ,x is a curi\s pro( h[ completely1 ev5 s e>ly z ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! ,v5etians _h lo/ ! habit ( read+ ! religi\s art ( _! anci5t *ur*es1 t ,sanuto1 describ+ ?is injury1 says1 t f\r ( ! ,k+s 9 m>ble fell f _! p9nacles above ! front1 at ,/4 ,m>k's *ur*2 & pres5tly aft]w>ds corrects 8 mi/ake1 & apologises = x ?us3 ,^! 7 f\r sa9ts1 ,/4 ,con/ant9e1 ,/4 ,demetrius1 ,/4 ,george1 & ,/4 ,!odore1 all ,greek sa9ts4 ,!y look l ,k+s4 ,obs]ve ! p]fect1 because un9t5tional1 praise giv5 to ! old sculptor4 ,i quote ! passage f ! translation ( ^! preci\s di>ies ( ,sanuto1 by my fri5d ,mr4 ,rawdon ,br[n1 a translation :i* ,i hope w "s day become a /&>d book 9 ,engli% libr>ies4 #hb ,i am n speak+ "h ( iron balconies4 ,see bel[1 ,,xxii4 #hc ,a ,"s details respect+ ! me*anical /ructure ( ! ,v5etian balcony are giv5 9 ! f9al ,app5dix4 #hd ,i f\nd x conv5i5t 9 my own memor&a to express !m simply z f\r?s1 seconds1 c4 ,b ord] is an excell5t ^w = any kn[n gr\p ( =ms1 :e!r ( w9d[s1 capitals1 bases1 m\ld+s1 or any o!r ar*itectural feature1 provid$ always t x be n und]/ood 9 any wise to imply prem95ce or isolation 9 ^! gr\ps4 ,?us ,i may rationally speak ( ! six ord]s ( ,v5etian w9d[s1 provid$ ,i am ready to all[ a ,fr5* ar*itect to speak ( ! six or sev51 or eight1 or sev5ty or eighty1 ord]s ( ,norman w9d[s1 if s _m are di/+ui%able2 & s also we may rationally speak1 = ! sake ( intelligibility1 ( ! five ord]s ( ,greek pill>s1 provid$ only we und]/& t !re may be five millions ( ord]s z good or bett]1 ( pill>s n ,greek4 #he ,or 9 _! own curves2 z1 on a small scale1 9 ! balu/rade fig4 #f1 ,plate ,,xiii41 above4 #hf ,= all details ( ?is k9d1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! f9al ,app5dix 9 ,vol4 ,,iii4 #hg ,two ?reads ( :ite m>ble1 ea* ab\t an in* wide1 inlaid 9 ! d>k grey pavem5t1 indicate ! road to ! ,rialto f ! f>!/ extremity ( ! nor? qu>t] ( ,v5ice4 ,! peasant or travell]1 lo/ 9 ! intricacy ( ! pa?way 9 ?is portion ( ! city1 _c fail1 aft] a few exp]im5tal trav]ses1 to cross ^! :ite l9es1 :i* !nce=w>d he has no?+ to d b to foll[1 ?\gh _! caprici\s s9uosities w try 8 pati5ce n a little4 #hh ,an acc\nt ( ! conspiracy ( ,bajamonte may be f\nd 9 almo/ any ,v5etian hi/ory2 ! read] may consult ,mut9elli1 ,annali ,urbani1 lib4 iii4 #hi ,see acc\nt ( s]ies ( capitals 9 f9al ,app5dix4 #ij ,if ! travell] desire to f9d !m 7& !y are wor? seek+71 let him r[ f ! ,fondam5ta ,s4 ,biagio d[n ! ,rio della ,tana1 & look1 on 8 "r1 = a l[ h\se ) w9d[s 9 x l ^? 9 ! woodcut ,no4 ,,xxxi4 above1 p4 #bef4 ,let him g 9 at ! door ( ! portico 9 ! middle ( ?is h\se1 & he w f9d himself 9 a small alley1 ) ! w9d[s 9 "q on ea* side ( him4 #ia ,! bitt]ness ( feel+ ) :i* ! ,v5etians mu/ h rememb]$ ?is1 0 probably ! cause ( _! magnific5t h]oism 9 ! f9al siege ( ! city "u ,d&olo1 &1 p>tly1 ( ! excesses :i* disgrac$ _! victory4 ,! conduct ( ! alli$ army ( ! ,crusad]s on ?is occasion _c1 h[ev]1 be br\ght 9 evid5ce ( g5]al b>b>ism 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury3 fir/1 because ! masses ( ! crusad+ armies 7 9 great "p compos$ ( ! refuse ( ! nations ( ,europe2 & secondly1 because su* a mode ( argum5t might lead u to inconv5i5t conclusions respect+ ourselves1 s long z ! horses ( ! ,au/rian cavalry are /abl$ 9 ! cloi/] ( ! conv5t :i* conta9s ! ,la/ ,supp] ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,see ,app5dix #c1 ,vol4 ,,iii43 ,au/rian ,gov]nm5t 9 ,italy4 #ib ,x is g5]ally bett] to read t5 l9es ( any poet 9 ! orig9al language1 h[ev] pa9fully1 ?an t5 cantos ( a translation4 ,b an exception may be made 9 favor ( ,c>y's ,dante4 ,if no poet ev] 0 liable to lose m 9 translation1 none 0 ev] s c>efully translat$2 & ,i h>dly "k :e!r mo/ to admire ! rigid fidelity1 or ! sweet & solemn h>mony1 ( ,c>y's v]se4 ,!re is h>dly a fault 9 ! fragm5t quot$ above1 except ! ^w lectur$1 = ,dante's beautiful favoleggiava2 & ev5 9 ?is case1 jo9+ ! fir/ words ( ! foll[+ l9e1 ! translation is /rictly lit]al4 ,x is true t ! concis5ess & ! rivulet-l melody ( ,dante mu/ cont9ually be lo/2 b if ,i c\ld only read ,engli%1 & _h to *oose1 = a libr>y n>r[$ by pov]ty1 betwe5 ,c>y's ,dante & our own orig9al ,milton1 ,i %\ld *oose ,c>y )\t an in/ant's pause4 #ic ,see f9al ,app5dix1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 "u head ,capitals4 #id ,?is ,plate is n f a draw+ ( m9e4 ,x has be5 engrav$ by ,mr4 ,armytage1 ) great skill1 f two dagu]reotypes4 #ie ,vide f9al ,app5dix1 "u head ,ar*ivolt4 #if ,on ,?ursday1 ! #bj?1 ! front walls ( two ( ! new h\ses n[ build+ 9 ,victoria ,/reet1 ,we/m9/]1 fell to ! gr\nd4444 ,! ro( 0 on1 & a massive compo cornice 0 put up at top1 z well z dress+s to ! upp] w9d[s4 ,! ro( is =m$ by gird]s & #d-;brick ar*es 9 cem5t1 cov]$ ) asphalt to =m a flat4 ,! failure is attribut$ to ! quantity ( ra9 :i* has fall54 ,o!rs suppose t "s ( ! gird]s 7 defective1 & gave way1 c>ry+ ! walls ) !m4--,build]1 = ,janu>y #bi?1 #ahec4 ,! re/ ( ?is volume might be fill$ ) su* notices1 if we s\ght = !m4 #ig ,ysame1 collect$ toge!r4 #ih ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,*ap4 ,i4 ,i h _h consid]able difficulty 9 ! arrangem5t ( ^! volumes1 s z to get ! po9ts be>+ ^u ea* o!r gr\p$ 9 consecutive & intelligible ord]4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,ducal ,,palace4 ,i4 ,x 0 /at$ 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ! prec$+ *apt] t ! ,go?ic art ( ,v5ice 0 sep>at$ by ! build+ ( ! ,ducal ,palace into two di/9ct p]iods2 & t 9 all ! dome/ic edifices :i* 7 rais$ = half a c5tury aft] its completion1 _! *>act]i/ic & *iefly effective portions 7 m or less directly copi$ f x4 ,! fact is1 t ! ,ducal ,palace 0 ! great "w ( ,v5ice at ?is p]iod1 itself ! pr9cipal ef=t ( h] imag9ation1 employ+ h] be/ ar*itects 9 its masonry1 & h] be/ pa9t]s 9 its decoration1 = a long s]ies ( ye>s2 & we mu/ receive x z a rem>kable te/imony to ! influ5ce :i* x possess$ ov] ! m9ds ( ^? :o saw x 9 its progress1 t1 :ile 9 ! o!r cities ( ,italy e palace & *ur* 0 ris+ 9 "s orig9al & daily m d>+ =m1 ! maje/y ( ?is s+le build+ 0 able to give pause to ! ,go?ic imag9ation 9 its full c>e]2 /ay$ ! re/lessness ( innovation 9 an in/ant1 & =bade ! p[]s :i* _h creat$ x !nce=? to ex]t !mselves 9 new directions1 or endeavor to summon an image m attractive4 ,,ii4 ,! read] w h>dly believe t :ile ! ar*itectural inv5tion ( ! ,v5etians 0 ?us lo/1 ,n>cissus-l1 9 self-contemplation1 ! v>i\s acc\nts ( ! progress ( ! build+ ?us admir$ & belov$ are s confus$ z frequ5tly to leave x d\btful to :at portion ( ! palace !y ref]2 & t !re is actually1 at ! "t be+1 a dispute betwe5 ! be/ ,v5etian antiqu>ies1 :e!r ! ma9 faade ( ! palace be ( ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury4 ,! det]m9ation ( ?is "q is ( c\rse necess>y be=e we proce$ to draw any conclusions f ! /yle ( ! "w2 & x _c be det]m9$ )\t a c>eful review ( ! entire hi/ory ( ! palace1 & ( all ! docum5ts relat+ to x4 ,i tru/ t ?is review may n be f\nd t$i\s1--assur$ly x w n be fruitless1--br++ _m facts be=e u1 s+ul>ly illu/rative ( ! ,v5etian "*4 ,,iii4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 ! read] c ent] ^u any inquiry into ! hi/ory ( ?is build+1 x is necess>y t he %\ld be ?or\ghly famili> ) ! arrangem5t & names ( its pr9cipal p>ts1 z x at pres5t /&s2 o!rwise he _c compreh5d s mu* z a s+le s5t5ce ( any ( ! docum5ts ref]r+ to x4 ,i mu/ d :at ,i c1 by ! help ( a r\gh plan & bird's-eye view1 to give him ! necess>y topographical k3 ,fig4 ,,xxxvi4 opposite is a rude gr\nd plan ( ! build+s r\nd ,/4 ,m>k's ,place2 & ! foll[+ ref]5ces w cle>ly expla9 _! relative positions3 ,a4 ,/4 ,m>k's ,place4 ,b4 ,piazzetta4 ,p4 ,v4 ,procuratie ,vec*ie4 ,p4 ,n4 7opposite7 ,procuratie ,nuove4 ,p4 ,l4 ,libr]ia ,vec*ia4 ,i4 ,piazzetta de' ,leoni4 ,t4 ,t[] ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,f ,f4 ,great ,faade ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,*ur*4 ,m4 ,/4 ,m>k's4 7,x is s unit$ ) ! ,ducal ,palace1 t ! sep>ation _c be indicat$ 9 ! plan1 unless all ! walls _h be5 m>k$1 :i* w\ld h confus$ ! :ole47 ,d ,d ,d4 ,ducal ,palace4 g s4 ,giant's /air4 ,c4 ,c\rt ( ,ducal ,palace4 ,j4 ,judgm5t angle4 c4 ,porta della ,c>ta4 a4 ,fig-tree angle4 p p4 ,ponte della ,paglia 7,bridge ( ,/raw74 ,s4 ,ponte de' ,sospiri 7,bridge ( ,sighs74 ,r ,r4 ,riva de' ,s*iavoni4 ,! read] w obs]ve t ! ,ducal ,palace is arrang$ some:at 9 ! =m ( a holl[ squ>e1 ( :i* "o side faces ! ,piazzetta1 ,b1 & ano!r ! quay call$ ! ,riva de' ,s*iavoni1 ,r ,r2 ! ?ird is on ! d>k canal call$ ! ,rio del ,palazzo1 & ! f\r? jo9s ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxxvi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxxvii4 ,( ?is f\r? side1 !re=e1 no?+ c be se54 ,( ! o!r ?ree sides we %all h to speak con/antly2 & !y w be respectively call$1 t t[>ds ! ,piazzetta1 ! ,piazzetta ,faade2 t t[>ds ! ,riva de' ,s*iavoni1 ! ,sea ,faade2 & t t[>ds ! ,rio del ,palazzo1 ! ,rio ,faade4 ,?is ,rio1 or canal1 is usually look$ ^u by ! travell] ) great respect1 or ev5 horror1 because x passes "u ! ,bridge ( ,sighs4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! pr9cipal ?or\ghf>es ( ! city2 & ! bridge & its canal toge!r occupy1 9 ! m9d ( a ,v5etian1 v mu* ! position ( ,fleet ,/reet & ,temple ,b> 9 t ( a ,london]1--at lea/1 at ! "t :5 ,temple ,b> 0 occasionally decorat$ ) human heads4 ,! two build+s closely resemble ea* o!r 9 =m4 ,,iv4 ,we mu/ n[ proce$ to obta9 "s r\gh idea ( ! appe>ance & di/ribution ( ! palace itself2 b its arrangem5t w be bett] und]/ood by suppos+ ourselves rais$ "s hundr$ & fifty feet above ! po9t 9 ! lagoon 9 front ( x1 s z to get a g5]al view ( ! ,sea ,faade & ,rio ,faade 7! latt] 9 v /eep p]spective71 & to look d[n into its int]ior c\rt4 ,fig4 ,,xxxvii4 r\ghly repres5ts su* a view1 omitt+ all details on ! ro(s1 9 ord] to avoid confusion4 ,9 ?is draw+ we h m]ely to notice t1 ( ! two bridges se5 on ! "r1 ! upp]mo/1 above ! black canal1 is ! ,bridge ( ,sighs2 ! l[] "o is ! ,ponte della ,paglia1 ! regul> ?or\ghf>e f quay to quay1 &1 ,i believe1 call$ ! ,bridge ( ,/raw1 because ! boats :i* br\ght /raw f ! ma9l& us$ to sell x at ?is place4 ,! corn] ( ! palace1 ris+ above ?is bridge1 & =m$ by ! meet+ ( ! ,sea ,faade & ,rio ,faade1 w always be call$ ! ,v9e angle1 because x is decorat$ by a sculpture ( ! drunk5ness ( ,noah4 ,! angle opposite w be call$ ! ,fig-tree angle1 because x is decorat$ by a sculpture ( ! ,fall ( ,man4 ,! long & n>r[ range ( build+1 ( :i* ! ro( is se5 9 p]spective beh9d ?is angle1 is ! "p ( ! palace front+ ! ,piazzetta2 & ! angle "u ! p9nacle mo/ to ! left ( ! two :i* t]m9ate x w be call$1 = a reason pres5tly to be /at$1 ! ,judgm5t angle4 ,)9 ! squ>e =m$ by ! build+ is se5 its int]ior c\rt 7) "o ( its wells71 t]m9at$ by small & fanta/ic build+s ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod1 :i* face ! ,giant's ,/air1 ( :i* ! extremity is se5 slop+ d[n on ! left4 ,v4 ,! great faade :i* fronts ! spectator looks s\?w>d4 ,h5ce ! two trac]i$ w9d[s l[] ?an ! re/1 & to ! "r ( ! spectator1 may be conv5i5tly di/+ui%$ z ! ,ea/]n ,w9d[s4 ,!re are two o!rs l !m1 fill$ ) trac]y1 & at ! same level1 :i* look ^u ! n>r[ canal betwe5 ! ,ponte della ,paglia & ! ,bridge ( ,sighs3 ^! we may conv5i5tly call ! ,canal ,w9d[s4 ,! read] w obs]ve a v]tical l9e 9 ?is d>k side ( ! palace1 sep>at+ its ne>] & pla9] wall f a long f\r-/ori$ range ( ri* ar*itecture4 ,?is m di/ant range is entirely ,r5aissance3 its extremity is n indicat$1 because ,i h no accurate sket* ( ! small build+s & bridges beyond x1 & we %all h no?+ :atev] to d ) ?is "p ( ! palace 9 our pres5t inquiry4 ,! ne>] & undecorat$ wall is "p ( ! old] palace1 ?\gh mu* defac$ by mod]n op5+ ( common w9d[s1 refitt+s ( ! brickwork1 c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ,,xxxviii4 ,,vi4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! faade is compos$ ( a smoo? mass ( wall1 su/a9$ on two ti]s ( pill>s1 "o above ! o!r4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ^! support ! :ole fabric w be und]/ood at once by ! r\gh section1 fig4 ,,xxxviii41 :i* is suppos$ to be tak5 "r ?r\gh ! palace to ! int]ior c\rt1 f ne> ! middle ( ! ,sea ,faade4 ,"h a & d are ! r[s ( %afts1 bo? 9 ! inn] c\rt & on ! ,faade1 :i* c>ry ! ma9 walls2 b1 c are solid walls v>i\sly /r5g!n$ ) pila/]s4 ,a1 ,b1 ,c are ! ?ree /ories ( ! int]ior ( ! palace4 ,! read] sees t x is impossible = any plan to be m simple1 & t if ! inn] floors & walls ( ! /ories ,a1 ,b 7 remov$1 !re c\ld be left m]ely ! =m ( a basilica1--two high walls1 c>ri$ on ranges ( %afts1 & ro($ by a l[ gable4 ,! /ories ,a1 ,b are entirely mod]niz$1 & divid$ into confus$ ranges ( small ap>tm5ts1 among :i* :at ve/iges rema9 ( anci5t masonry are entirely undeciph]able1 except by inve/igations su* z ,i h _h nei!r ! "t nor1 z 9 mo/ cases !y w\ld involve ! removal ( mod]n pla/]+1 ! opportunity1 to make4 ,) ! subdivisions ( ?is /ory1 !re=e1 ,i %all n tr\ble ! read]2 b ^? ( ! great upp] /ory1 ,c1 are highly important4 ,,vii4 ,9 ! bird's-eye view above1 fig4 ,,xxxvii41 x w be notic$ t ! two w9d[s on ! "r are l[] ?an ! o!r f\r ( ! faade4 ,9 ?is arrangem5t !re is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable in/ances ,i "k ( ! d>+ sacrifice ( symmetry to conv5i5ce1 :i* 0 notic$ 9 ,*ap4 ,,vii4 z "o ( ! *ief nobl5esses ( ! ,go?ic s*ools4 ,! "p ( ! palace 9 :i* ! two l[] w9d[s occur1 we %all f9d1 0 fir/ built1 & arrang$ 9 f\r /ories 9 ord] to obta9 ! necess>y numb] ( ap>tm5ts4 ,ow+ to circum/ances1 ( :i* we %all pres5tly give an acc\nt1 x became necess>y1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 to provide ano!r l>ge & magnific5t *amb] = ! meet+ ( ! s5ate4 ,t *amb] 0 add$ at ! side ( ! old] build+2 b1 z only "o room 0 want$1 !re 0 no ne$ to divide ! add$ portion into two /ories4 ,! entire height 0 giv5 to ! s+le *amb]1 be+ inde$ n too great = j h>mony ) its enorm\s l5g? & bread?4 ,& !n came ! "q h[ to place ! w9d[s1 :e!r on a l9e ) ! two o!rs1 or above !m4 ,! ceil+ ( ! new room 0 to be adorn$ by ! pa9t+s ( ! be/ ma/]s 9 ,v5ice1 & x became ( great importance to raise ! light ne> t gorge\s ro(1 z well z to keep ! tone ( illum9ation 9 ! ,c\ncil ,*amb] s]5e2 & !re=e to introduce light r 9 simple masses ?an 9 _m brok5 /reams4 ,a mod]n ar*itect1 t]rifi$ at ! idea ( violat+ ext]nal symmetry1 w\ld h sacrific$ bo? ! pictures & ! peace ( ! c\ncil4 ,he w\ld h plac$ ! l>g] w9d[s at ! same level ) ! o!r two1 & h introduc$ above !m small] w9d[s1 l ^? ( ! upp] /ory 9 ! old] build+1 z if t upp] /ory _h be5 cont9u$ along ! faade4 ,b ! old ,v5etian ?\ght ( ! honor ( ! pa9t+s1 & ! com=t ( ! s5ate1 be=e 8 own reputation4 ,he unhesitat+ly rais$ ! l>ge w9d[s to _! prop] position ) ref]5ce to ! int]ior ( ! *amb]1 & suff]$ ! ext]nal appe>ance to take c>e ( itself4 ,& ,i believe ! :ole pile r ga9s ?an loses 9 effect by ! v>iation ?us obta9$ 9 ! spaces ( wall above & bel[ ! w9d[s4 ,,viii4 ,on ! p>ty wall1 betwe5 ! second & ?ird w9d[s1 :i* faces ! ea/]n extremity ( ! ,great ,c\ncil ,*amb]1 is pa9t$ ! ,p>adise ( ,t9toret2 & ?is wall w !re=e be h]eaft] call$ ! ,wall ( ! ,p>adise4 ,9 ne>ly ! c5tre ( ! ,sea ,faade1 & betwe5 ! fir/ & second w9d[s ( ! ,great ,c\ncil ,*amb]1 is a l>ge w9d[ to ! gr\nd1 op5+ on a balcony1 :i* is "o ( ! *ief ornam5ts ( ! palace1 & w be call$ 9 future ! ,sea ,balcony4 ,! faade :i* looks on ! ,piazetta is v ne>ly l ?is to ! ,sea1 b ! great] "p ( x 0 built 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 :5 p _h become /udi\s ( _! symmetries4 ,its side w9d[s are all on ! same level4 ,two light ! we/ end ( ! ,great ,c\ncil ,*amb]1 "o lights a small room anci5tly call$ ! ,qu>antia ,civil ,nuova2 ! o!r ?ree1 & ! c5tral "o1 ) a balcony l t to ! ,sea1 light ano!r l>ge *amb]1 call$ ,sala del ,scrut9io1 or ,hall ( ,enquiry1 :i* ext5ds to ! extremity ( ! palace above ! ,porta della ,c>ta4 ,,ix4 ,! read] is n[ well en\gh acqua9t$ ) ! topography ( ! exi/+ build+1 to be able to foll[ ! acc\nts ( its hi/ory4 ,we h se5 above1 t !re 7 ?ree pr9cipal /yles ( ,v5etian ar*itecture2 ,byzant9e1 ,go?ic1 & ,r5aissance4 ,! ,ducal ,palace1 :i* 0 ! great "w ( ,v5ice1 0 built successively 9 ! ?ree /yles4 ,!re 0 a ,byzant9e ,ducal ,palace1 a ,go?ic ,ducal ,palace1 & a ,r5aissance ,ducal ,palace4 ,! second sup]s$$ ! fir/ totally2 a few /ones ( x 7if inde$ s mu*7 are all t is left4 ,b ! ?ird sup]s$$ ! second 9 "p only1 & ! exi/+ build+ is =m$ by ! union ( ! two4 ,we %all review ! hi/ory ( ea* 9 succession4#ii #a/4 ,! ,,byzant9e ,,palace4 ,9 ! ye> ( ! dea? ( ,*>lemagne1 #hac1ajj ! ,v5etians det]m9$ to make ! isl& ( ,rialto ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t & capital ( _! /ate4 ,_! ,doge1 ,angelo or ,agnello ,p>ticipazio1 in/antly took vigor\s means = ! enl>gem5t ( ! small gr\p ( build+s :i* 7 to be ! nucleus ( ! future ,v5ice4 ,he appo9t$ p]sons to sup]9t5d ! rais+ ( ! banks ( s&1 s z to =m m secure f\ndations1 & to build wood5 bridges ov] ! canals4 ,= ! (fices ( religion1 he built ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>k2 & on1 or ne>1 ! spot :]e ! ,ducal ,palace n[ /&s1 he built a palace = ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4#aja ,! hi/ory ( ! ,ducal ,palace !re=e beg9s ) ! bir? ( ,v5ice1 & to :at rema9s ( x1 at ?is day1 is entru/$ ! la/ repres5tation ( h] p[]4 ,x4 ,( ! exact position & =m ( ?is palace ( ,p>ticipazio little is asc]ta9$4 ,sansov9o says t x 0 built ne> ! ,ponte della ,paglia1 & answ]+ly on ! ,gr& ,canal1#ajb t[>ds ,san ,giorgio2 t is to say1 9 ! place n[ occupi$ by ! ,sea ,faade2 b ?is 0 m]ely ! popul> report ( 8 day4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 positively1 t x 0 some:]e ^u ! site ( ! exi/+ palace2 & t x _h an important front t[>ds ! ,piazzetta1 ) :i*1 z we %all see h]eaft]1 ! pres5t palace at "o p]iod 0 incorporat$4 ,we "k1 also1 t x 0 a pile ( "s magnific5ce1 f ! acc\nt giv5 by ,sagorn9o ( ! visit paid by ! ,emp]or ,o?o ! ,great1 to ! ,doge ,pietro ,orseolo ,,ii4 ,! *ronicl] says t ! ,emp]or beheld c>efully all ! beauty ( ! palace2#ajc & ! ,v5etian hi/orians express pride 9 ! build+'s be+ wor?y ( an emp]or's exam9ation4 ,?is 0 aft] ! palace _h be5 mu* injur$ by fire 9 ! revolt aga9/ ,c&iano ,,iv41#ajd & j repair$1 & ri*ly adorn$ by ,orseolo himself1 :o is spok5 ( by ,sagorn9o z hav+ also adorn$ ! *apel ( ! ,ducal ,palace 7,/4 ,m>k's7 ) ornam5ts ( m>ble & gold4#aje ,!re c be no d\bt :atev] t ! palace at ?is p]iod resembl$ & impress$ ! o!r ,byzant9e edifices ( ! city1 su* z ! ,fondaco de ,tur*i1 c41 ^: rema9s h be5 already describ$2 & t1 l !m1 x 0 cov]$ ) sculpture1 & ri*ly adorn$ ) gold & color4 ,,xi4 ,9 ! ye> #aajf1 x 0 = ! second "t injur$ by fire1#ajf b repair$ be=e #aaaf1 :5 x receiv$ ano!r emp]or1 ,h5ry ,v4 7( ,g]many71 & 0 aga9 honor$ by imp]ial praise4#ajg ,betwe5 #aagc & ! close ( ! c5tury1 x seems to h be5 aga9 repair$ & mu* enl>g$ by ! ,doge ,seba/ian ,ziani4 ,sansov9o says t ?is ,doge n only repair$ x1 b enl>g$ x 9 e direction2#ajh &1 aft] ?is enl>gem5t1 ! palace seems to h rema9$ unt\*$ = a hundr$ ye>s1 until1 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! works ( ! ,go?ic ,palace 7 begun4 ,z1 !re=e1 ! old ,byzant9e build+ 01 at ! "t :5 ^? works fir/ int]f]$ ) x1 9 ! =m giv5 to x by ,ziani1 ,i %all h]eaft] always speak ( x z ! ,ziani ,palace2 & ?is ! r1 because ! only *ronicl] ^: words are p]fectly cle> respect+ ! exi/5ce ( "p ( ?is palace s late z ! ye> #adbb1 speaks ( x z built by ,ziani4 ,! old palace1 ( :i* half rema9s to ?is day1 0 built1 z we n[ see x1 by ,seba/ian ,ziani4#aji ,s f>1 !n1 ( ! ,byzant9e ,palace4 ,,xii4 #bnd4 ,! ,,go?ic ,,palace4 ,! read]1 d\btless1 recollects t ! important *ange 9 ! ,v5etian gov]nm5t :i* gave /ability to ! ari/ocratic p[] took place ab\t ! ye> #abig1aaj "u ! ,doge ,pietro ,grad5igo1 a man ?us *>act]iz$ by ,sansov9o3--,a prompt & prud5t man1 ( unconqu]able det]m9ation & great eloqu5ce1 :o laid1 s to speak1 ! f\ndations ( ! et]nity ( ?is republic1 by ! admirable regulations :i* he introduc$ into ! gov]nm5t4 ,we may n[1 ) "s reason1 d\bt ( _! admirabl5ess2 b _! importance1 & ! vigor\s w & intellect ( ! ,doge1 are n to be disput$4 ,v5ice 0 9 ! z5i? ( h] /r5g?1 & ! h]oism ( h] citiz5s 0 display+ itself 9 e qu>t] ( ! _w4#aaa ,! acquiesc5ce 9 ! secure e/abli%m5t ( ! ari/ocratic p[] 0 an expression1 by ! p1 ( respect = ! families :i* _h be5 *iefly in/rum5tal 9 rais+ ! commonweal? to su* a height ( prosp]ity4 ,! ,s]r> del ,consiglio fix$ ! numb]s ( ! ,s5ate )9 c]ta9 limits1 & x conf]r$ ^u !m a dignity great] ?an !y _h ev] be=e possess$4 ,x 0 natural t ! alt]ation 9 ! "* ( ! assembly %\ld be att5d$ by "s *ange 9 ! size1 arrangem5t1 or decoration ( ! *amb] 9 :i* !y sat4 ,we accord+ly f9d x record$ by ,sansov9o1 t 9 #acja ano!r saloon 0 begun on ! ,rio del ,palazzo1 "u ! ,doge ,grad5igo1 & f9i%$ 9 #acji1 9 :i* ye> ! ,gr& ,c\ncil fir/ sat 9 x4#aab ,9 ! fir/ ye>1 !re=e1 ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! ,go?ic ,ducal ,palace ( ,v5ice 0 begun2 & z ! ,byzant9e ,palace 01 9 its f\ndation1 coeval ) t ( ! /ate1 s ! ,go?ic ,palace 01 9 its f\ndation1 coeval ) t ( ! ari/ocratic p[]4 ,consid]$ z ! pr9cipal repres5tation ( ! ,v5etian s*ool ( ar*itecture1 ! ,ducal ,palace is ! ,p>!non ( ,v5ice1 & ,grad5igo its ,p]icles4 ,,xiii4 ,sansov9o1 ) a caution v frequ5t among ,v5etian hi/orians1 :5 allud+ to ev5ts connect$ ) ! ,s]r> del ,consiglio1 does n specially m5tion ! cause = ! requirem5t ( ! new *amb]2 b ! ,sivos ,*ronicle is a little m di/9ct 9 expression4 ,9 #acja1 x 0 det]m9$ to build a great saloon = ! assembl+ ( ! ,great ,c\ncil1 & ! room 0 built :i* is n[ call$ ! ,sala del ,scrut9io4#aac ,n[1 t is to say1 at ! "t :5 ! ,sivos ,*ronicle 0 writt52 ! room has long ago be5 de/roy$1 & its "n giv5 to ano!r *amb] on ! opposite side ( ! palace3 b ,i wi% ! read] to rememb] ! date #acja1 z m>k+ ! comm5cem5t ( a great ar*itectural epo*1 9 :i* took place ! fir/ appliance ( ! en]gy ( ! ari/ocratic p[]1 & ( ! ,go?ic /yle1 to ! works ( ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,! op]ations !n begun 7 cont9u$1 ) h>dly an int]ruption1 dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( ! prosp]ity ( ,v5ice4 ,we %all see ! new build+s consume1 & take ! place (1 ! ,ziani ,palace1 piece by piece3 & :5 ! ,ziani ,palace 0 de/roy$1 !y f$ ^u !mselves2 be+ cont9u$ r\nd ! squ>e1 until1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 !y rea*$ ! po9t :]e !y _h be5 begun 9 ! f\rte5?1 & pursu$ ! track !y _h !n foll[$ "s di/ance beyond ! junction2 de/roy+ or hid+ _! own comm5cem5t1 z ! s]p5t1 :i* is ! type ( et]nity1 conceals its tail 9 its jaws4 ,,xiv4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 see ! extremity1 :]e9 lay ! /+ & =ce ( ! :ole creature1--! *amb]1 namely1 built by ! ,doge ,grad5igo2 b ! read] mu/ keep t comm5cem5t & ! date ( x c>efully 9 8 m9d4 ,! body ( ! ,palace ,s]p5t w soon become visible to u4 ,! ,grad5igo ,*amb] 0 some:]e on ! ,rio ,faade1 beh9d ! pres5t position ( ! ,bridge ( ,sighs2 i4e4 ab\t ! po9t m>k$ on ! ro( by ! dott$ l9es 9 ! woodcut2 x is n kn[n :e!r l[ or high1 b probably on a fir/ /ory4 ,! great faade ( ! ,ziani ,palace be+1 z above m5tion$1 on ! ,piazzetta1 ?is *amb] 0 z f> back & out ( ! way z possible2 secrecy & security be+ obvi\sly ! po9ts fir/ consid]$4 ,,xv4 ,b ! newly con/itut$ ,s5ate _h ne$ ( o!r additions to ! anci5t palace besides ! ,c\ncil ,*amb]4 ,a %ort1 b mo/ significant1 s5t5ce is add$ to ,sansov9o's acc\nt ( ! con/ruction ( t room4 ,!re 71 ne> x1 he says1 ! ,cancell>ia1 & ! ,gheba or ,gabbia1 aft]w>ds call$ ! ,little ,t[]4#aad ,gabbia means a cage2 & !re c be no "q t c]ta9 ap>tm5ts 7 at ?is "t add$ at ! top ( ! palace & on ! ,rio ,faade1 :i* 7 to be us$ z prisons4 ,:e!r any portion ( ! old ,torresella /ill rema9s is a d\btful "q2 b ! ap>tm5ts at ! top ( ! palace1 9 its f\r? /ory1 7 /ill us$ = prisons z late z ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4#aae ,i wi% ! read] especially to notice t a sep>ate t[] or range ( ap>tm5ts 0 built = ?is purpose1 9 ord] to cle> ! gov]nm5t ( ! accusations s con/antly made aga9/ !m1 by ignorant or p>tial hi/orians1 ( wanton cruelty to prison]s4 ,! /ories commonly told respect+ ! piombi ( ! ,ducal ,palace are utt]ly false4 ,in/ead ( be+1 z usually report$1 small furnaces "u ! leads ( ! palace1 !y 7 com=table rooms1 ) good flat ro(s ( l>*1 & c>efully v5tilat$4#aaf ,! new *amb]1 !n1 & ! prisons1 be+ built1 ! ,great ,c\ncil fir/ sat 9 _! retir$ *amb] on ! ,rio 9 ! ye> #acji4 ,,xvi4 ,n[1 obs]ve ! significant progress ( ev5ts4 ,!y _h no soon] ?us e/abli%$ !mselves 9 p[] ?an !y 7 di/urb$ by ! conspiracy ( ! ,tiepolos1 9 ! ye> #acaj4 ,9 consequ5ce ( t conspiracy ! ,c\ncil ( ,t5 0 creat$1 /ill "u ! ,doge ,grad5igo2 :o1 hav+ f9i%$ 8 "w & left ! ari/ocracy ( ,v5ice arm$ ) ?is t]rible p[]1 di$ 9 ! ye> #acab1 "s say by poison4 ,he 0 succe$$ by ! ,doge ,m>9o ,giorgio1 :o reign$ only "o ye>2 & !n foll[$ ! prosp]\s gov]nm5t ( ,john ,soranzo4 ,!re is no m5tion ( any additions to ! ,ducal ,palace dur+ 8 reign1 b he 0 succe$$ by t ,francesco ,d&olo1 ! sculptures on ^: tomb1 /ill exi/+ 9 ! cloi/]s ( ! ,salute1 may be comp>$ by any travell] ) ^? ( ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,( him x is record$ 9 ! ,sav9a ,*ronicle3 ,?is ,doge also _h ! great gate built :i* is at ! entry ( ! palace1 above :i* is 8 /atue kneel+1 ) ! gonfalon 9 h&1 be=e ! feet ( ! ,lion ( ,/4 ,m>k's4#aag ,,xvii4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t aft] ! ,s5ate _h complet$ _! ,c\ncil ,*amb] & ! prisons1 !y requir$ a nobl] door ?an t ( ! old ,ziani ,palace = _! ,magnific5ces to ent] by4 ,?is door is twice spok5 ( 9 ! gov]nm5t acc\nts ( exp5ses1 :i* are =tunately pres]v$1#aah 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3-- #acce1 ,june #a4 ,we1 ,&rew ,d&olo & ,m>k ,lor$ano1 procurators ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 h paid to ,m>t9 ! /one-cutt] & 8 associates#aai 444 = a /one ( :i* ! lion is made :i* is put ov] ! gate ( ! palace4 #acdd1 ,novemb] #d4 ,we h paid ?irty-five gold5 ducats = mak+ gold leaf1 to gild ! lion :i* is ov] ! door ( ! palace /airs4 ,! position ( ?is door is disput$1 & is ( no consequ5ce to ! read]1 ! door itself hav+ long ago disappe>$1 & be5 replac$ by ! ,porta della ,c>ta4 ,,xviii4 ,b be=e x 0 f9i%$1 occasion _h be5 discov]$ = f>!r improvem5ts4 ,! ,s5ate f\nd _! new ,c\ncil ,*amb] inconv5i5tly small1 &1 ab\t ?irty ye>s aft] its completion1 began to consid] :]e a l>g] & m magnific5t "o might be built4 ,! gov]nm5t 0 n[ ?or\ghly e/abli%$1 & x 0 probably felt t !re 0 "s meanness 9 ! retir$ position1 z well z insuffici5cy 9 ! size1 ( ! ,c\ncil ,*amb] on ! ,rio4 ,! fir/ def9ite acc\nt :i* ,i f9d ( _! proce$+s1 "u ^! circum/ances1 is 9 ! ,c>oldo ,*ronicle3#abj #acdj4 ,on ! #bh? ( ,decemb]1 9 ! prec$+ ye>1 ,ma/] ,m>co ,erizzo1 ,nicolo ,soranzo1 & ,?omas ,grad5igo1 7 *os5 to exam9e :]e a new saloon might be built 9 ord] to assemble !re9 ! ,great] ,c\ncil4444 ,on ! #crd ( ,june1 #acda1 ! ,great ,c\ncil elect$ two procurators ( ! "w ( ?is saloon1 ) a sal>y ( eighty ducats a ye>4 ,x appe>s f ! entry /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,ar*ivio1 & quot$ by ,cador91 t x 0 on ! #bh? ( ,decemb]1 #acdj1 t ! commission]s appo9t$ to decide on ?is important matt] gave 9 _! report to ! ,gr& ,c\ncil1 & t ! decree pass$ !reupon = ! comm5cem5t ( a new ,c\ncil ,*amb] on ! ,gr& ,canal4#aba ,! room !n begun is ! "o n[ 9 exi/5ce1 & its build+ involv$ ! build+ ( all t is be/ & mo/ beautiful 9 ! pres5t ,ducal ,palace1 ! ri* arcades ( ! l[] /ories be+ all prep>$ = su/a9+ ?is ,sala del ,gran ,consiglio4 ,,xix4 ,9 say+ t x is ! same n[ 9 exi/5ce1 ,i d n mean t x has und]gone no alt]ations2 z we %all see h]eaft]1 x has be5 refitt$ aga9 & aga91 & "s portions ( its walls rebuilt2 b 9 ! place & =m 9 :i* x fir/ /ood1 x /ill /&s2 & by a glance at ! position :i* its w9d[s occupy1 z %[n 9 fig4 ,,xxxvii4 above1 ! read] w see at once t :atev] c be kn[n respect+ ! design ( ! ,sea ,faade1 mu/ be glean$ out ( ! entries :i* ref] to ! build+ ( ?is ,great ,c\ncil ,*amb]4 ,cador9 quotes two ( great importance1 to :i* we %all return 9 due "t1 made dur+ ! progress ( ! "w 9 #acdb & #acdd2 !n "o ( #acdi1 resolv+ t ! works at ! ,ducal ,palace1 :i* _h be5 discont9u$ dur+ ! plague1 %\ld be resum$2 & f9ally "o 9 #acfb1 :i* speaks ( ! ,great ,c\ncil ,*amb] z hav+ be5 neglect$ & suff]$ to fall into great desolation1 & resolves t x %all be =?) complet$4#abb ,! int]ruption _h n be5 caus$ by ! plague only1 b by ! conspiracy ( ,fali]o1 & ! viol5t dea? ( ! ma/] build]4#abc ,! "w 0 resum$ 9 #acfb1 & complet$ )9 ! next ?ree ye>s1 at lea/ s f> z t ,gu>i5to 0 enabl$ to pa9t 8 ,p>adise on ! walls2#abd s t ! build+ mu/1 at any rate1 h be5 ro($ by ?is "t4 ,its decorations & fitt+s1 h[ev]1 7 long 9 completion2 ! pa9t+s on ! ro( be+ only execut$ 9 #adjj4abe ,!y repres5t$ ! heav5s cov]$ ) />s1#abf ?is be+1 says ,sansov9o1 ! be>+s ( ! ,doge ,/5o4 ,almo/ all ceil+s & vaults 7 at ?is "t 9 ,v5ice cov]$ ) />s1 )\t any ref]5ce to armorial be>+s2 b ,/5o claims1 "u 8 noble title ( ,/ellif]1 an important %>e 9 complet+ ! *amb]1 9 an inscription ^u two squ>e tablets1 n[ inlaid 9 ! walls on ea* side ( ! great w9d[ t[>ds ! sea3 ,,mille ,,quadr+5ti ,,currebant ,,quatuor ,,anni ,,hoc ,,opus ,,illu/ris ,,mi*ael ,,dux ,,/ellif] ,,auxit4 ,& 9 fact x is to ?is ,doge t we owe ! beautiful balcony ( t w9d[1 ?\gh ! "w above x is p>tly ( m rec5t date2 & ,i ?9k ! tablets be>+ ?is important inscription h be5 tak5 out & re9s]t$ 9 ! new] masonry4 ,! labor ( ^! f9al decorations occupi$ a total p]iod ( sixty ye>s4 ,! ,gr& ,c\ncil sat 9 ! f9i%$ *amb] = ! fir/ "t 9 #adbc4 ,9 t ye> ! ,go?ic ,ducal ,palace ( ,v5ice 0 complet$4 ,x _h tak51 to build x1 ! en]gies ( ! entire p]iod :i* ,i h above describ$ z ! c5tral "o ( h] life4 ,,xx4 #crd4 ,! ,,r5aissance ,,palace4 ,i mu/ g back a /ep or two1 9 ord] to be c]ta9 t ! read] und]/&s cle>ly ! /ate ( ! palace 9 #adbc4 ,! works ( addition or r5ovation _h n[ be5 proce$+1 at int]vals1 dur+ a space ( a hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree ye>s4 ,?ree g5]ations at lea/ _h be5 accu/om$ to witness ! gradual advancem5t ( ! =m ( ! ,ducal ,palace into m /ately symmetry1 & to contra/ ! works ( sculpture & pa9t+ ) :i* x 0 decorat$1--full ( ! life1 k1 & hope ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1--) ! rude ,byzant9e *isell+ ( ! palace ( ! ,doge ,ziani4 ,! magnific5t fabric j complet$1 ( :i* ! new ,c\ncil ,*amb] 0 ! nucleus1 0 n[ habitually kn[n 9 ,v5ice z ! ,palazzo ,nuovo2 & ! old ,byzant9e edifice1 n[ ru9\s1 & m manife/ 9 its decay by its contra/ ) ! goodly /ones ( ! build+ :i* _h be5 rais$ at its side1 0 ( c\rse kn[n z ! ,palazzo ,vec*io4#abg ,t fabric1 h[ev]1 /ill occupi$ ! pr9cipal position 9 ,v5ice4 ,! new ,c\ncil ,*amb] _h be5 erect$ by ! side ( x t[>ds ! ,sea2 b !re 0 n !n ! wide quay 9 front1 ! ,riva dei ,s*iavoni1 :i* n[ r5d]s ! ,sea ,faade z important z t to ! ,piazzetta4 ,!re 0 only a n>r[ walk betwe5 ! pill>s & ! wat]2 & ! old palace ( ,ziani /ill fac$ ! ,piazzetta1 & int]rupt$1 by its decrepitude1 ! magnific5ce ( ! squ>e :]e ! nobles daily met4 ,e increase ( ! beauty ( ! new palace r5d]$ ! discrepancy betwe5 x & ! companion build+ m pa9ful2 & !n began to arise 9 ! m9ds ( all m5 a vague idea ( ! necessity ( de/roy+ ! old palace1 & complet+ ! front ( ! ,piazzetta ) ! same spl5dor z ! ,sea ,faade4 ,b no su* sweep+ measure ( r5ovation _h be5 contemplat$ by ! ,s5ate :5 !y fir/ =m$ ! plan ( _! new ,c\ncil ,*amb]4 ,fir/ a s+le additional room1 !n a gateway1 !n a l>g] room2 b all consid]$ m]ely z necess>y additions to ! palace1 n z involv+ ! entire recon/ruction ( ! anci5t edifice4 ,! exhau/ion ( ! treasury1 & ! %ad[s ^u ! political horizon1 r5d]$ x m ?an imprud5t to incur ! va/ additional exp5se :i* su* a project involv$2 & ! ,s5ate1 fe>ful ( itself1 & desir\s to gu>d aga9/ ! weakness ( its own en?usiasm1 pass$ a decree1 l ! ef=t ( a man fe>ful ( "s /rong temptation to keep 8 ?\ghts av]t$ f ! po9t ( dang]4 ,x 0 a decree1 n m]ely t ! old palace %\ld n be rebuilt1 b t no "o %\ld propose rebuild+ x4 ,! feel+ ( ! desirabl5ess ( do+ s 0 too /rong to p]mit fair discussion1 & ! ,s5ate knew t to br+ =w>d su* a motion 0 to c>ry x4 ,,xxi4 ,! decree1 ?us pass$ 9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ _! own weakness1 =bade any "o to speak ( rebuild+ ! old palace "u ! p5alty ( a ?\s& ducats4 ,b !y _h rat$ _! own en?usiasm too l[3 !re 0 a man among !m :om ! loss ( a ?\s& ducats c\ld n det] f propos+ :at he believ$ to be = ! good ( ! /ate4 ,"s excuse 0 giv5 him = br++ =w>d ! motion1 by a fire :i* occurr$ 9 #adai1 & :i* injur$ bo? ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 & "p ( ! old palace front+ ! ,piazzetta4 ,:at foll[$1 ,i %all relate 9 ! words ( ,sanuto4#abh ,,xxii4 ,!re=e !y set !mselves ) all dilig5ce & c>e to repair & adorn sumptu\sly1 fir/ ,god's h\se2 b 9 ! ,pr9ce's h\se ?+s w5t on m sl[ly1 = x did n please ! ,doge#abi to re/ore x 9 ! =m 9 :i* x 0 be=e2 & !y c\ld n rebuild x altoge!r 9 a bett] mann]1 s great 0 ! p>simony ( ^! old fa!rs2 because x 0 =bidd5 by laws1 :i* condemn$ 9 a p5alty ( a ?\s& ducats any "o :o %\ld propose to ?r[ d[n ! old palace1 & to rebuild x m ri*ly & ) great] exp5se4 ,b ! ,doge1 :o 0 magnanim\s1 & :o desir$ above all ?+s :at 0 honorable to ! city1 _h ! ?\s& ducats c>ri$ into ! ,s5ate ,*amb]1 & !n propos$ t ! palace %\ld be rebuilt2 say+3 t1 's9ce ! late fire _h ru9$ 9 great "p ! ,ducal habitation 7n only 8 own private palace1 b all ! places us$ = public bus9ess7 ?is occasion 0 to be tak5 = an admoni%m5t s5t f ,god1 t !y ought to rebuild ! palace m nobly1 & 9 a way m befitt+ ! greatness to :i*1 by ,god's grace1 _! dom9ions _h rea*$2 & t 8 motive 9 propos+ ?is 0 nei!r ambition1 nor selfi% int]e/3 t1 z = ambition1 !y might h se5 9 ! :ole c\rse ( 8 life1 ?r\gh s _m ye>s1 t he _h nev] done any?+ = ambition1 ei!r 9 ! city1 or 9 =eign bus9ess2 b 9 all 8 actions _h kept ju/ice fir/ 9 8 ?\ghts1 & !n ! advantage ( ! /ate1 & ! honor ( ! ,v5etian "n3 & t1 z f> z reg>d$ 8 private int]e/1 if x _h n be5 = ?is accid5t ( ! fire1 he w\ld nev] h ?\ght ( *ang+ any?+ 9 ! palace into ei!r a m sumptu\s or a m honorable =m2 & t dur+ ! _m ye>s 9 :i* he _h liv$ 9 x1 he _h nev] endeavor$ to make any *ange1 b _h always be5 cont5t ) x1 z 8 pr$ecessors _h left x2 & t he knew well t1 if !y took 9 h& to build x z he exhort$ & bes\ght !m1 be+ n[ v old1 & brok5 d[n ) _m toils1 ,god w\ld call him to ano!r life be=e ! walls 7 rais$ a pace f ! gr\nd4 ,& t !re=e !y might p]ceive t he did n advise !m to raise ?is build+ = 8 own conv5i5ce1 b only = ! honor ( ! city & its ,duk$om2 & t ! good ( x w\ld nev] be felt by him1 b by 8 successors4' ,!n he said1 t '9 ord]1 z he _h always done1 to obs]ve ! laws1444 he _h br\ght ) him ! ?\s& ducats :i* _h be5 appo9t$ z ! p5alty = propos+ su* a measure1 s t he might prove op5ly to all m5 t x 0 n 8 own advantage t he s\ght1 b ! dignity ( ! /ate4' ,!re 0 no "o 7,sanuto goes on to tell u7 :o v5tur$1 or desir$1 to oppose ! wi%es ( ! ,doge2 & ! ?\s& ducats 7 unanim\sly devot$ to ! exp5ses ( ! "w4 ,& !y set !mselves ) mu* dilig5ce to ! "w2 & ! palace 0 begun 9 ! =m & mann] 9 :i* x is at pres5t se52 b1 z ,moc5igo _h prophesi$1 n long aft]1 he end$ 8 life1 & n only did n see ! "w br\ght to a close1 b h>dly ev5 begun4 ,,xxiii4 ,!re are "o or two expressions 9 ! above extracts :i*1 if !y /ood alone1 might lead ! read] to suppose t ! :ole palace _h be5 ?r[n d[n & rebuilt4 ,we mu/ h[ev] rememb]1 t1 at ?is "t1 ! new ,c\ncil ,*amb]1 :i* _h be5 "o hundr$ ye>s 9 build+1 0 actually unf9i%$1 ! c\ncil _h n yet sat 9 x2 & x 0 j z likely t ! ,doge %\ld !n propose to de/roy & rebuild x1 z 9 ?is ye>1 #ahec1 x is t any "o %\ld propose 9 our ,h\se ( ,commons to ?r[ d[n ! new ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 "u ! title ( ! old palace1 & rebuild !m4 ,,xxiv4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,sanuto expresses himself w at once be se5 to be p]fectly natural1 :5 x is rememb]$ t al?\gh we n[ speak ( ! :ole build+ z ! ,ducal ,palace1 x consi/$1 9 ! m9ds ( ! old ,v5etians1 ( f\r di/9ct build+s4 ,!re 7 9 x ! palace1 ! /ate prisons1 ! s5ate-h\se1 & ! (fices ( public bus9ess2 9 o!r words1 x 0 ,buck+ham ,palace1 ! ,t[] ( old5 days1 ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 & ,d[n+ ,/reet1 all 9 "o2 & any ( ^! f\r portions might be spok5 (1 )\t involv+ an allusion to any o!r4 ,il ,palazzo 0 ! ,ducal resid5ce1 :i*1 ) mo/ ( ! public (fices1 ,moc5igo did propose to pull d[n & rebuild1 & :i* 0 actually pull$ d[n & rebuilt4 ,b ! new ,c\ncil ,*amb]1 ( :i* ! :ole faade to ! ,sea consi/$1 nev] ent]$ into ei!r 8 or ,sanuto's m9d = an in/ant1 z necess>ily connect$ ) ! ,ducal resid5ce4 ,i said t ! new ,c\ncil ,*amb]1 at ! "t :5 ,moc5igo br\ght =w>d 8 measure1 _h nev] yet be5 us$4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #adbbacj t ! decree pass$ to rebuild ! palace3 ,moc5igo di$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>1#aca & ,francesco ,fosc>i 0 elect$ 9 8 room4 ,! ,great ,c\ncil ,*amb] 0 us$ = ! fir/ "t on ! day :5 ,fosc>i ent]$ ! ,s5ate z ,doge1--! #crd ( ,april1 #adbc1 accord+ to ! ,c>oldo ,*ronicle2#acb ! #bcrd1 :i* is probably correct1 by an anonym\s ,,ms41 ,no4 #fj1 9 ! ,corr] ,museum2#acc--;&1 ! foll[+ ye>1 on ! #bg? ( ,m>*1 ! fir/ hamm] 0 lift$ up aga9/ ! old palace ( ,ziani4#acd ,,xxv4 ,t hamm] /roke 0 ! fir/ act ( ! p]iod prop]ly call$ ! ,r5aissance4 ,x 0 ! knell ( ! ar*itecture ( ,v5ice1--& ( ,v5ice h]self4 ,! c5tral epo* ( h] life 0 pa/2 ! decay _h already begun3 ,i dat$ its comm5cem5t above 7,*4 ,i4 ,vol4 #a47 f ! dea? ( ,moc5igo4 ,a ye> _h n yet elaps$ s9ce t great ,doge _h be5 call$ to 8 acc\nt3 8 patriotism1 always s9c]e1 _h be5 9 ?is in/ance mi/ak52 9 8 zeal = ! honor ( future ,v5ice1 he _h =gott5 :at 0 due to ! ,v5ice ( long ago4 ,a ?\s& palaces might be built ^u h] burd5$ isl&s1 b none ( !m c\ld take ! place1 or recall ! memory1 ( t :i* 0 fir/ built ^u h] unfrequ5t$ %ore4 ,x fell2 &1 z if x _h be5 ! talisman ( h] =tunes1 ! city nev] fl\ri%$ aga94 ,,xxvi4 ,i h no int5tion ( foll[+ out1 9 _! intricate details1 ! op]ations :i* 7 begun "u ,fosc>i & cont9u$ "u succe$+ ,doges till ! palace assum$ its pres5t =m1 = ,i am n 9 ?is "w conc]n$1 except by occasional ref]5ce1 ) ! ar*itecture ( ! fifte5? c5tury3 b ! ma9 facts are ! foll[+4 ,! palace ( ,ziani 0 de/roy$2 ! exi/+ faade to ! ,piazzetta built1 s z bo? to cont9ue & to resemble1 9 mo/ p>ticul>s1 ! "w ( ! ,great ,c\ncil ,*amb]4 ,x 0 c>ri$ back f ! ,sea z f> z ! ,judgm5t angle2 beyond :i* is ! ,porta della ,c>ta1 begun 9 #adci1 & f9i%$ 9 two ye>s1 "u ! ,doge ,fosc>i2#ace ! int]ior build+s connect$ ) x 7 add$ by ! ,doge ,*ri/oph] ,moro 7! ,o!llo ( ,%akspe>e7#acf 9 #adfb4 ,,xxvii4 ,by ref]5ce to ! figure ! read] w see t we h n[ gone ! r\nd ( ! palace1 & t ! new "w ( #adfb 0 close ^u ! fir/ piece ( ! ,go?ic palace1 ! new ,c\ncil ,*amb] ( #acja4 ,"s remnants ( ! ,ziani ,palace 7 p]haps /ill left betwe5 ! two extremities ( ! ,go?ic ,palace2 or1 z is m probable1 ! la/ /ones ( x may h be5 swept away aft] ! fire ( #adai1 & replac$ by new ap>tm5ts = ! ,doge4 ,b :atev] build+s1 old or new1 /ood on ?is spot at ! "t ( ! completion ( ! ,porta della ,c>ta 7 de/roy$ by ano!r great fire 9 #adgi1 toge!r ) s mu* ( ! palace on ! ,rio t1 ?\gh ! saloon ( ,grad5igo1 !n kn[n z ! ,sala de' ,pregadi1 0 n de/roy$1 x became necess>y to recon/ruct ! entire faades ( ! portion ( ! palace beh9d ! ,bridge ( ,sighs1 bo? t[>ds ! c\rt & canal4 ,?is "w 0 entru/$ to ! be/ ,r5aissance ar*itects ( ! close ( ! fifte5? & op5+ ( ! sixte5? c5turies2 ,antonio ,ricci execut+ ! ,giant's /aircase1 & on 8 abscond+ ) a l>ge sum ( ! public money1 ,pietro ,lomb>do tak+ 8 place4 ,! :ole "w mu/ h be5 complet$ t[>ds ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! ar*itects ( ! palace1 advanc+ r\nd ! squ>e & l$ by fire1 _h m ?an rea*$ ! po9t f :i* !y _h set out2 & ! "w ( #aefj 0 jo9$ to ! "w ( #acja-acdj1 at ! po9t m>k$ by ! conspicu\s v]tical l9e 9 ,figure ,,xxxvii4 on ! ,rio ,faade4 ,,xxviii4 ,b ! palace 0 n long p]mitt$ to rema9 9 ?is f9i%$ =m4 ,ano!r t]rific fire1 commonly call$ ! great fire1 bur/ out 9 #aegd1 & de/roy$ ! inn] fitt+s & all ! preci\s pictures ( ! ,great ,c\ncil ,*amb]1 & ( all ! upp] rooms on ! ,sea ,faade1 & mo/ ( ^? on ! ,rio ,faade1 leav+ ! build+ a m]e %ell1 %ak5 & bla/$ by ! flames4 ,x 0 debat$ 9 ! ,great ,c\ncil :e!r ! ru9 %\ld n be ?r[n d[n1 & an entirely new palace built 9 its /ead4 ,! op9ions ( all ! lead+ ar*itects ( ,v5ice 7 tak51 respect+ ! safety ( ! walls1 or ! possibility ( repair+ !m z !y /ood4 ,^! op9ions1 giv5 9 writ+1 h be5 pres]v$1 & publi%$ by ! ,abb ,cador91 9 ! "w already s (t5 ref]r$ to2 & !y =m "o ( ! mo/ important s]ies ( docum5ts connect$ ) ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,i _c help feel+ "s *ildi% pleasure 9 ! accid5tal resemblance to my own "n 9 t ( ! ar*itect ^: op9ion 0 fir/ giv5 9 favor ( ! anci5t fabric1 ,giovanni ,rusconi4 ,o!rs1 especially ,palladio1 want$ to pull d[n ! old palace1 & execute designs ( _! own2 b ! be/ ar*itects 9 ,v5ice1 & to 8 immortal honor1 *iefly ,francesco ,sansov9o1 en]getically plead$ = ! ,go?ic pile1 & prevail$4 ,x 0 successfully repair$1 & ,t9toret pa9t$ 8 noble/ picture on ! wall f :i* ! ,p>adise ( ,gu>i5to _h )]$ be=e ! flames4 ,,xxix4 ,! repairs necess>ily und]tak5 at ?is "t 7 h[ev] ext5sive1 & int]f]e 9 _m directions ) ! e>li] "w ( ! palace3 /ill ! only s]i\s alt]ation 9 its =m 0 ! transposition ( ! prisons1 =m]ly at ! top ( ! palace1 to ! o!r side ( ! ,rio del ,palazzo2 & ! build+ ( ! ,bridge ( ,sighs1 to connect !m ) ! palace1 by ,antonio da ,ponte4 ,! completion ( ?is "w br\ght ! :ole edifice into its pres5t =m2 ) ! exception ( alt]ations 9 doors1 p>titions1 & /aircases among ! inn] ap>tm5ts1 n wor? notic+1 & su* b>b>isms & defacem5ts z h be5 suff]$ )9 ! la/ fifty ye>s1 by1 ,i suppose1 ne>ly e build+ ( importance 9 ,italy4 ,,xxx4 ,n[1 !re=e1 we are lib]ty to exam9e "s ( ! details ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 )\t any d\bt ab\t _! dates4 ,i %all n1 h[ev]1 give any elaborate illu/rations ( !m "h1 because ,i c\ld n d !m ju/ice on ! scale ( ! page ( ?is volume1 or by means ( l9e engrav+4 ,i believe a new era is op5+ to u 9 ! art ( illu/ration1#acg & t ,i %all be able to give l>ge figures ( ! details ( ! ,ducal ,palace at a price :i* w enable e p]son :o is int]e/$ 9 ! subject to possess !m2 s t ! co/ & labor ( multiply+ illu/rations "h w\ld be altoge!r wa/$4 ,i %all !re=e direct ! read]'s att5tion only to po9ts ( int]e/ z c be expla9$ 9 ! text4 ,,xxxi4 ,fir/1 !n1 look+ back to ! woodcut at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]1 ! read] w obs]ve t1 z ! build+ 0 v ne>ly squ>e on ! gr\nd plan1 a peculi> prom95ce & importance 7 giv5 to its angles1 :i* r5d]$ x necess>y t !y %\ld be enri*$ & s(t5$ by sculpture4 ,i d n suppose t ! fitness ( ?is arrangem5t w be que/ion$2 b if ! read] w take ! pa9s to glance ov] any s]ies ( engrav+s ( *ur* t[]s or o!r f\r-squ>e build+s 9 :i* great ref9em5t ( =m has be5 atta9$1 he w at once obs]ve h[ _! effect dep5ds on "s modification ( ! %>pness ( ! angle1 ei!r by gr\ps ( buttresses1 or by turrets & ni*es ri* 9 sculpture4 ,x is to be not$ also t ?is pr9ciple ( break+ ! angle is peculi>ly ,go?ic1 aris+ p>tly out ( ! necessity ( /r5g!n+ ! flanks ( enorm\s build+s1 :]e compos$ ( imp]fect mat]ials1 by buttresses or p9nacles2 p>tly out ( ! conditions ( ,go?ic w>f>e1 :i* g5]ally requir$ a t[] at ! angle2 p>tly out ( ! natural dislike ( ! meagr5ess ( effect 9 build+s :i* admitt$ l>ge surfaces ( wall1 if ! angle 7 entirely unreliev$4 ,! ,ducal ,palace1 9 its ackn[l$gm5t ( ?is pr9ciple1 makes a m def9ite concession to ! ,go?ic _s ?an any ( ! previ\s ar*itecture ( ,v5ice4 ,no angle1 up to ! "t ( its erection1 _h be5 o!rwise decorat$ ?an by a n>r[ flut$ pila/] ( r$ m>ble1 & ! sculpture 0 res]v$ always1 z 9 ,greek & ,roman "w1 = ! plane surfaces ( ! build+1 )1 z f> z ,i recollect1 two exceptions only1 bo? 9 ,/4 ,m>k's2 namely1 ! bold & grotesque g>goyle on its nor?-we/ angle1 & ! angels :i* project f ! f\r inn] angles "u ! ma9 cupola2 bo? ( ^! arrangem5ts be+ pla9ly made "u ,lomb>dic influ5ce4 ,& if any o!r in/ances occur1 :i* ,i may h at pres5t =gott51 ,i am v sure ! ,nor!rn influ5ce w always be di/9ctly traceable 9 !m4 ,,xxxii4 ,! ,ducal ,palace1 h[ev]1 accepts ! pr9ciple 9 its complet5ess1 & ?r[s ! ma9 decoration ^u its angles4 ,! c5tral w9d[1 :i* looks ri* & important 9 ! woodcut1 0 entirely re/or$ 9 ! ,r5aissance "t1 z we h se51 "u ! ,doge ,/5o2 s t we h no traces ( its e>ly treatm5t2 & ! pr9cipal int]e/ ( ! old] palace is conc5trat$ 9 ! angle sculpture1 :i* is arrang$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! pill>s ( ! two be>+ arcades are mu* enl>g$ 9 ?ickness at ! angles1 & _! capitals increas$ 9 dep?1 bread?1 & fulness ( subject2 above ea* capital1 on ! angle ( ! wall1 a sculptural subject is introduc$1 consi/+1 9 ! great l[] arcade1 ( two or m figures ( ! size ( life2 9 ! upp] arcade1 ( a s+le angel hold+ a scroll3 above ^! angels rise ! twi/$ pill>s ) _! cr[n+ ni*es1 already notic$ 9 ! acc\nt ( p>apets 9 ! sev5? *apt]2 ?us =m+ an unbrok5 l9e ( decoration f ! gr\nd to ! top ( ! angle4 ,,xxxiii4 ,x 0 be=e notic$ t "o ( ! corn]s ( ! palace jo9s ! irregul> out] build+s connect$ ) ,/4 ,m>k's1 & is n g5]ally se54 ,!re rema91 !re=e1 to be decorat$1 only ! ?ree angles1 above di/+ui%$ z ! ,v9e angle1 ! ,fig-tree angle1 & ! ,judgm5t angle2 & at ^! we h1 accord+ to ! arrangem5t j expla9$1-- ,fir/1 ,?ree great be>+ capitals 7l[] arcade74 ,secondly1 ,?ree figure subjects ( sculpture above !m 7l[] arcade74 ,?irdly1 ,?ree small] be>+ capitals 7upp] arcade74 ,f\r?ly1 ,?ree angels above !m 7upp] arcade74 ,fif?ly1 ,?ree spiral %afts ) ni*es4 ,,xxxiv4 ,i %all describe ! be>+ capitals h]eaft]1 9 _! ord]1 ) ! o!rs ( ! arcade2 = ! fir/ po9t to :i* ! read]'s att5tion ought to be direct$ is ! *oice ( subject 9 ! great figure sculptures above !m4 ,^!1 obs]ve1 are ! v corn] /ones ( ! edifice1 & 9 !m we may expect to f9d ! mo/ important evid5ces ( ! feel+1 z well z ( ! skill1 ( ! build]4 ,if he has any?+ to say to u ( ! purpose ) :i* he built ! palace1 x is sure to be said "h2 if !re 0 any lesson :i* he wi%$ pr9cipally to tea* to ^? = :om he built1 "h x is sure to be inculcat$2 if !re 0 any s5tim5t :i* !y !mselves desir$ to h express$ 9 ! pr9cipal edifice ( _! city1 ?is is ! place 9 :i* we may be secure ( f9d+ x legibly inscrib$4 ,,xxxv4 ,n[ ! fir/ two angles1 ( ! ,v9e & ,fig-tree1 belong to ! old1 or true ,go?ic1 ,palace2 ! ?ird angle belongs to ! ,r5aissance imitation ( x3 !re=e1 at ! fir/ two angles1 x is ! ,go?ic _s :i* is go+ to speak to u2 &1 at ! ?ird1 ! ,r5aissance _s4 ,! read] rememb]s1 ,i tru/1 t ! mo/ *>act]i/ic s5tim5t ( all t we trac$ 9 ! work+ ( ! ,go?ic he>t1 0 ! frank confession ( its own weakness2 & ,i mu/ anticipate1 = a mom5t1 ! results ( our inquiry 9 subsequ5t *apt]s1 s f> z to /ate t ! pr9cipal elem5t 9 ! ,r5aissance _s1 is its firm confid5ce 9 its own wisdom4 ,he>1 !n1 ! two spirits speak = !mselves4 ,! fir/ ma9 sculpture ( ! ,go?ic ,palace is on :at ,i h call$ ! angle ( ! ,fig-tree3 ,its subject is ! ,,fall ,,( ,,man4 ,! second sculpture is on ! angle ( ! ,v9e3 ,its subject is ! ,,drunk5ness ,,( ,,noah4 ,! ,r5aissance sculpture is on ! ,judgm5t angle3 ,its subject is ! ,,judgm5t ,,( ,,solomon4 ,x is impossible to ov]/ate1 or to reg>d ) too mu* admiration1 ! significance ( ?is s+le fact4 ,x is z if ! palace _h be5 built at v>i\s epo*s1 & pres]v$ un9jur$ to ?is day1 = ! sole purpose ( tea*+ u ! diff]5ce 9 ! temp] ( ! two s*ools4 ,,xxxvi4 ,i h call$ ! sculpture on ! ,fig-tree angle ! pr9cipal "o2 because x is at ! c5tral b5d ( ! palace1 :]e x turns to ! ,piazzetta 7! faade ^u ! ,piazzetta be+1 z we saw above1 ! m important "o 9 anci5t times74 ,! great capital1 :i* su/a9s ?is ,fig-tree angle1 is also by f> m elaborate ?an ! head ( ! pila/] "u ! ,v9e angle1 m>k+ ! prem95ce ( ! =m] 9 ! ar*itect's m9d4 ,x is impossible to say :i* 0 fir/ execut$1 b t ( ! ,fig-tree angle is some:at r\gh] 9 execution1 & m /iff 9 ! design ( ! figures1 s t ,i r suppose x to h be5 ! e>lie/ complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xix4 ,,leafage ,,( ,,! ,,v9e ,,angle4 ,,xxxvii4 ,9 bo? ! subjects1 ( ! ,fall & ! ,drunk5ness1 ! tree1 :i* =ms ! *iefly decorative portion ( ! sculpture1--fig 9 ! "o case1 v9e 9 ! o!r1--0 a necess>y adjunct4 ,its trunk1 9 bo? sculptures1 =ms ! true out] angle ( ! palace2 boldly cut sep>ate f ! /one-"w beh9d1 & bran*+ out above ! figures s z to enwrap ea* side ( ! angle1 = sev]al feet1 ) its deep foliage4 ,no?+ c be m ma/]ly or sup]b ?an ! sweep ( ?is foliage on ! ,fig-tree angle2 ! broad leaves lapp+ r\nd ! budd+ fruit1 & %elt]+ f sight1 b5ea? _! %ad[s1 birds ( ! mo/ graceful =m & delicate plumage4 ,! bran*es are1 h[ev]1 s /rong1 & ! masses ( /one hewn into leafage s l>ge1 t1 not)/&+ ! dep? ( ! und]cutt+1 ! "w rema9s ne>ly un9jur$2 n s at ! ,v9e angle1 :]e ! natural delicacy ( ! v9e-leaf & t5dril hav+ tempt$ ! sculptor to great] ef=t1 he has pass$ ! prop] limits ( 8 art1 & cut ! upp] /ems s delicately t half ( !m h be5 brok5 away by ! casualties to :i* ! situation ( ! sculpture necess>ily exposes x4 ,:at rema9s is1 h[ev]1 s int]e/+ 9 its extreme ref9em5t1 t ,i h *os5 x = ! subject ( ! opposite illu/ration r ?an ! nobl] masses ( ! fig-tree1 :i* ought to be r5d]$ on a l>g] scale4 ,al?\gh half ( ! beauty ( ! composition is de/roy$ by ! break+ away ( its c5tral masses1 !re is /ill en\gh 9 ! di/ribution ( ! v>i\sly b5d+ leaves1 & 9 ! plac+ ( ! birds on ! light] bran*es1 to prove to u ! p[] ( ! design]4 ,i h already ref]r$ to ?is ,plate z a rem>kable in/ance ( ! ,go?ic ,naturalism2 &1 inde$1 x is almo/ impossible = ! copy+ ( nature to be c>ri$ f>!r ?an 9 ! fibres ( ! m>ble bran*es1 & ! c>eful f9i%+ ( ! t5drils3 note especially ! peculi> expression ( ! knotty jo9ts ( ! v9e 9 ! light bran* :i* rises highe/4 ,yet only half ! f9i% ( ! "w c be se5 9 ! ,plate3 =1 9 sev]al cases1 ! sculptor has %[n ! "u sides ( ! leaves turn$ boldly to ! light1 & has lit]ally c>v$ e rib & ve9 ^u !m1 9 relief2 n m]ely ! ma9 ribs :i* su/a9 ! lobes ( ! leaf1 & actually project 9 nature1 b ! irregul> & s9u\s ve9s :i* *equ] ! membran\s tissues betwe5 !m1 & :i* ! sculptor has repres5t$ conv5tionally z reliev$ l ! o!rs1 9 ord] to give ! v9e leaf its peculi> tessellat$ effect ^u ! eye4 ,,xxxviii4 ,z mu/ always be ! case 9 e>ly sculpture1 ! figures are mu* inf]ior to ! leafage2 yet s skilful 9 _m respects1 t x 0 a long "t be=e ,i c\ld p]suade myself t !y _h inde$ be5 wr\ght 9 ! fir/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,=tunately1 ! date is inscrib$ ^u a monum5t 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,simeon ,gr&e1 be>+ a recumb5t /atue ( ! sa9t1 ( f> f9] workman%ip1 9 e respect1 ?an ^? figures ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 yet s l !m1 t ,i ?9k !re c be no "q t ! head ( ,noah 0 wr\ght by ! sculptor ( ! palace 9 emulation ( t ( ! /atue ( ,/4 ,simeon4 ,9 ?is latt] sculpture1 ! face is repres5t$ 9 dea?2 ! m\? p>tly op51 ! lips ?9 & %>p1 ! tee? c>efully sculptur$ b5ea?2 ! face full ( quietness & maje/y1 ?\gh v gha/ly2 ! hair & be>d fl[+ 9 luxuriant wrea?s1 dispos$ ) ! mo/ ma/]ly fre$om1 yet sev]ity1 ( design1 f> d[n ^u ! %\ld]s2 ! h&s cross$ ^u ! body1 c>efully /udi$1 & ! ve9s & s9ews p]fectly & easily express$1 yet )\t any attempt at extreme f9i% or display ( te*nical skill4 ,?is monum5t be>s date #acag1ach & its sculptor 0 ju/ly pr\d ( x2 ?us record+ 8 "n3 ,,celavit ,,m>cus ,,opus ,,hoc ,,insigne ,,romanis1 ,,laudibus ,,non ,,p>cus ,,e/ ,,sua ,,digna ,,manus4 ,,xxxix4 ,! head ( ! ,noah on ! ,ducal ,palace1 evid5tly work$ 9 emulation ( ?is /atue1 has ! same pr(usion ( fl[+ hair & be>d1 b wr\ght 9 small] & h>d] curls2 & ! ve9s on ! arms & brea/ are m %>ply drawn1 ! sculptor be+ evid5tly m practis$ 9 ke5 & f9e l9es ( vegetation ?an 9 ^? ( ! figure2 s t1 :i* is mo/ rem>kable 9 a workman ( ?is e>ly p]iod1 he has fail$ 9 tell+ 8 /ory pla9ly1 regret & wond] be+ s equally m>k$ on ! features ( all ! ?ree bro!rs t x is impossible to say :i* is int5d$ = ,ham4 ,two ( ! heads ( ! bro!rs are se5 9 ! ,plate2 ! ?ird figure is n ) ! re/ ( ! gr\p1 b set at a di/ance ( ab\t twelve feet1 on ! o!r side ( ! ar* :i* spr+s f ! angle capital4 ,,xl4 ,x may be obs]v$1 z a f>!r evid5ce ( ! date ( ! gr\p1 t1 9 ! figures ( all ! ?ree y\?s1 ! feet are protect$ simply by a b&age arrang$ 9 cross$ folds r\nd ! ankle & l[] "p ( ! limb2 a feature ( dress :i* w be f\nd 9 ne>ly e piece ( figure sculpture 9 ,v5ice1 f ! ye> #acjj to #achj1 & ( :i* ! travell] may see an example )9 ?ree hundr$ y>ds ( ?is v gr\p1 9 ! bas-reliefs on ! tomb ( ! ,doge ,&rea ,d&olo 79 ,/4 ,m>k's71 :o di$ 9 #aced4 ,,xli4 ,! figures ( ,adam & ,eve1 sculptur$ on ea* side ( ! ,fig-tree angle1 are m /iff ?an ^? ( ,noah & 8 sons1 b are bett] fitt$ = _! ar*itectural s]vice2 & ! trunk ( ! tree1 ) ! angul> body ( ! s]p5t wri!d ar\nd x1 is m nobly treat$ z a t]m9al gr\p ( l9es ?an t ( ! v9e4 ,! ,r5aissance sculptor ( ! figures ( ! ,judgm5t ( ,solomon has v ne>ly copi$ ! fig-tree f ?is angle1 plac+ its trunk betwe5 ! execution] & ! "m1 :o leans =w>d to /ay 8 h&4 ,b1 ?\gh ! :ole gr\p is mu* m free 9 design ?an ^? ( ! e>li] palace1 & 9 _m ways excell5t 9 itself1 s t x always /rikes ! eye ( a c>eless obs]v] m ?an ! o!rs1 x is ( immeasurably inf]ior _s 9 ! workman%ip2 ! leaves ( ! tree1 ?\gh f> m /udi\sly v>i$ 9 fl[ ?an ^? ( ! fig-tree f :i* !y are p>tially copi$1 h none ( its tru? to nature2 !y are ill set on ! /ems1 bluntly def9$ on ! edges1 & _! curves are n ^? ( gr[+ leaves1 b ( wr9kl$ drap]y4 ,,xlii4 ,above ^! ?ree sculptures are set1 9 ! upp] arcade1 ! /atues ( ! ar*angels ,raphael1 ,mi*ael1 & ,gabriel3 _! positions w be und]/ood by ref]5ce to ! l[e/ figure 9 ,plate ,,xvii41 :]e t ( ,raphael above ! ,v9e angle is se5 on ! "r4 ,a dim9utive figure ( ,tobit foll[s at 8 feet1 & he be>s 9 8 h& a scroll ) ?is inscription3 ,,efice ,q ,,s(re ,,tur ,,afa ,,el ,,reve ,,r5de ,,quietu i4e4 ,effice 7qus87 fretum1 ,raphael rev]5de1 quietum4#aci ,i c\ld n deciph] ! inscription on ! scroll borne by ! angel ,mi*ael2 & ! figure ( ,gabriel1 :i* is by mu* ! mo/ beautiful feature ( ! ,r5aissance portion ( ! palace1 has only 9 its h& ! ,annunciation lily4 ,,xliii4 ,su* are ! subjects ( ! ma9 sculptures decorat+ ! angles ( ! palace2 notable1 obs]ve1 = _! simple expression ( two feel+s1 ! consci\sness ( human frailty1 & ! dep5d5ce ^u ,div9e guidance & protection3 ?is be+1 ( c\rse1 ! g5]al purpose ( ! introduction ( ! figures ( ! angels2 &1 ,i imag9e1 int5d$ to be m p>ticul>ly convey$ by ! mann] 9 :i* ! small figure ( ,tobit foll[s ! /eps ( ,raphael1 j t\*+ ! hem ( 8 g>m5t4 ,we h next to exam9e ! c\rse ( div9ity & ( natural hi/ory embodi$ by ! old sculpture 9 ! great s]ies ( capitals :i* support ! l[] arcade ( ! palace2 & :i*1 be+ at a height ( little m ?an eight feet above ! eye1 might be read1 l ! pages ( a book1 by ^? 7! noble/ m5 9 ,v5ice7 :o habitually walk$ b5ea? ! %ad[ ( ?is great arcade at ! "t ( _! fir/ meet+ ea* o!r = morn+ conv]se4 ,,xliv4 ,! pr9cipal sculptures ( ! capitals consi/ ( p]sonifications ( ! ,virtues & ,vices1 ! favorite subjects ( decorative art1 at ?is p]iod1 9 all ! cities ( ,italy2 & !re is s mu* t is significant 9 ! v>i\s modes ( _! di/9ction & g5]al repres5tation1 m especially ) ref]5ce to _! occurr5ce z expressions ( praise to ! dead 9 sepul*ral ar*itecture1 h]eaft] to be exam9$1 t ,i believe ! read] may bo? happily & pr(itably re/ = a little :ile b5ea? ! fir/ vault ( ! arcade1 to review ! mann] 9 :i* ^! symbols ( ! virtues 7 fir/ inv5t$ by ! ,*ri/ian imag9ation1 & ! evid5ce !y g5]ally furni% ( ! /ate ( religi\s feel+ 9 ^? by :om !y 7 recognis$4 ,,xlv4 ,9 ! e>ly ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 !re 0 little c>e tak5 to analyze "*4 ,"o mom5t\s "q 0 he>d ov] ! :ole _w1--,do/ ?\ believe 9 ! ,"l ) all ?9e he>t8 ,!re 0 b "o division among m51--! great unatoneable division betwe5 ! disciple & adv]s>y4 ,! love ( ,*ri/ 0 all1 & 9 all2 & 9 proportion to ! ne>ness ( _! memory ( ,8 p]son & tea*+1 m5 und]/ood ! inf9ity ( ! requirem5ts ( ! moral law1 & ! mann] 9 :i* x alone c\ld be fulfill$4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians felt t virtue1 l s91 0 a subtle univ]sal ?+1 ent]+ into e act & ?\ght1 appe>+ outw>dly 9 t5 ?\s& div]se ways1 div]se accord+ to ! sep>ate framework ( e he>t 9 :i* x dwelt2 b "o & ! same always 9 its proce$+ f ! love ( ,god1 z s9 is "o & ! same 9 proce$+ f hatr$ ( ,god4 ,& 9 _! pure1 e>ly1 & practical piety1 !y saw !re 0 no ne$ = codes ( morality1 or sy/ems ( metaphysics4 ,_! virtue compreh5d$ ev]y?+1 ent]$ into ev]y?+2 x 0 too va/ & too spiritual to be def9$2 b !re 0 no ne$ ( its def9ition4 ,= ?r\gh fai?1 work+ by love1 !y knew t all human excell5ce w\ld be develop$ 9 due ord]2 b t1 )\t fai?1 nei!r reason c\ld def9e1 nor ef=t rea*1 ! l[e/ phase ( ,*ri/ian virtue4 ,& !re=e1 :5 any ( ! ,apo/les h occasion to describe or enum]ate any =ms ( vice or virtue by "n1 !re is no attempt at sy/em 9 _! words4 ,!y use !m hurri$ly & en]getically1 heap+ ! ?\ghts "o ^u ano!r1 9 ord] z f> z possible to fill ! read]'s m9d ) a s5se ( ! inf9ity bo? ( crime & ( righte\sness4 ,he> ,/4 ,paul describe s93 ,be+ fill$ ) all unrighte\sness1 =nication1 wick$ness1 covet\sness1 malici\sness2 full ( envy1 murd]1 debate1 deceit1 malignity2 :isp]]s1 backbit]s1 hat]s ( ,god1 despiteful1 pr\d1 boa/]s1 inv5tors ( evil ?+s1 disob$i5t to p>5ts1 )\t und]/&+1 cov5ant break]s1 )\t natural affection1 implacable1 unm]ciful4 ,!re is evid5tly "h an int5se feel+ ( ! univ]sality ( s92 & 9 ord] to express x1 ! ,apo/le hurries 8 words confus$ly toge!r1 little c>+ ab\t _! ord]1 z kn[+ all ! vices to be indissolubly connect$ "o ) ano!r4 ,x w\ld be utt]ly va9 to endeavor to arrange 8 expressions z if !y _h be5 int5d$ = ! gr\nd ( any sy/em1 or to give any philosophical def9ition ( ! vices4#adj ,s also he> him speak+ ( virtue3 ,rejoice 9 ! ,"l4 ,let y\r mod]ation be kn[n unto all m54 ,be c>eful = no?+1 b 9 ev]y?+ let y\r reque/s be made kn[n unto ,god2 & :atsoev] ?+s are hone/1 :atsoev] ?+s are j1 :atsoev] ?+s are pure1 :atsoev] ?+s are lovely1 :atsoev] ?+s are ( good report1 if !re be any virtue1 & if !re be any praise1 ?9k on ^! ?+s4 ,obs]ve1 he gives up all attempt at def9ition2 he leaves ! def9ition to e man's he>t1 ?\gh he writes s z to m>k ! ov]fl[+ fulness ( 8 own vision ( virtue4 ,& s x is 9 all writ+s ( ! ,apo/les2 _! mann] ( exhortation1 & ! k9d ( conduct !y press1 v>y accord+ to ! p]sons !y address1 & ! feel+ ( ! mom5t at :i* !y write1 & nev] %[ any attempt at logical precision4 ,&1 al?\gh ! words ( _! ,ma/] are n ?us irregul>ly utt]$1 b are weigh$ l f9e gold1 yet1 ev5 9 ,8 tea*+1 !re is no detail$ or organiz$ sy/em ( morality2 b ! comm& only ( t fai? & love :i* 7 to embrace ! :ole be+ ( man3 ,on ^! two comm&m5ts hang all ! law & ! prophets4 ,"h & !re an incid5tal w>n+ aga9/ ?is or t m dang]\s =m ( vice or error1 ,take he$ & bew>e ( covet\sness1 ,bew>e ( ! leav5 ( ! ,ph>isees2 "h & !re a pla9 example ( ! mean+ ( ,*ri/ian love1 z 9 ! p>ables ( ! ,sam>itan & ! ,prodigal1 & ,8 own p]petual example3 ^! 7 ! elem5ts ( ,*ri/'s con/ant tea*+2 = ! ,beatitudes1 :i* are ! only approximation to any?+ l a sy/ematic /atem5t1 belong to diff]5t conditions & *>act]s ( individual m51 n to ab/ract virtues4 ,& all e>ly ,*ri/ians taught 9 ! same mann]4 ,!y nev] c>$ to exp\nd ! nature ( ?is or t virtue2 = !y knew t ! believ] :o _h ,*ri/1 _h all4 ,did he ne$ =titude8 ,*ri/ 0 8 rock3 ,equity8 ,*ri/ 0 8 righte\sness3 ,hol9ess8 ,*ri/ 0 8 sanctification3 ,lib]ty8 ,*ri/ 0 8 r$emption3 ,temp]ance8 ,*ri/ 0 8 rul]3 ,wisdom8 ,*ri/ 0 8 light3 ,tru?fulness8 ,*ri/ 0 ! tru?3 ,*>ity8 ,*ri/ 0 love4 ,,xlvi4 ,n[1 exactly 9 proportion z ! ,*ri/ian religion became less vital1 & z ! v>i\s corruptions :i* "t & ,satan br\ght into x 7 able to manife/ !mselves1 ! p]son & (fices ( ,*ri/ 7 less dwelt ^u1 & ! virtues ( ,*ri/ians m4 ,! ,life ( ! ,believ] became 9 "s degree sep>at$ f ! ,life ( ,*ri/2 & 8 virtue1 in/ead ( be+ a /ream fl[+ =? f ! ?rone ( ,god1 & desc5d+ ^u ! e>?1 began to be reg>d$ by him z a pyramid ^u e>?1 :i* he _h to build up1 /ep by /ep1 t f ! top ( x he might rea* ! ,heav5s4 ,x 0 n possible to measure ! waves ( ! wat] ( life1 b x 0 p]fectly possible to measure ! bricks ( ! ,t[] ( ,babel2 & gradually1 z ! ?\ghts ( m5 7 )drawn f _! ,r$eem]1 & fix$ ^u !mselves1 ! virtues began to be squ>$1 & c\nt$1 & classifi$1 & put into sep>ate heaps ( fir/s & seconds2 "s ?+s be+ virtu\s c>d9ally1 & o!r ?+s virtu\s only nor?-nor?-we/4 ,x is v curi\s to put 9 close juxtaposition ! words ( ! ,apo/les & ( "s ( ! writ]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury t\*+ sanctification4 ,= in/ance1 he> fir/ ,/4 ,paul to ! ,!ssalonians3 ,! v ,god ( peace sanctify y :olly2 & ,i pray ,god y\r :ole _s & s\l & body be pres]v$ blameless unto ! com+ ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,fai?ful is he t calle? y1 :o also w d x4 ,& !n ! foll[+ "p ( a pray] :i* ,i translate f a ,,ms4 ( ! fifte5? c5tury3 ,may ,he 7! ,holy ,_s7 gov]n ! five ,s5ses ( my body2 may ,he cause me to embrace ! ,sev5 ,works ( ,m]cy1 & firmly to believe & obs]ve ! ,twelve ,articles ( ! ,fai? & ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts ( ! ,law1 & def5d me f ! ,sev5 ,mortal ,s9s1 ev5 to ! end4 ,,xlvii4 ,i d n mean t ?is qua9t passage is g5]ally *>act]i/ic ( ! devotion ( ! fifte5? c5tury3 ! v pray] out ( :i* x is tak5 is 9 o!r p>ts exce$+ly beautiful3#ada b ! passage is /rik+ly illu/rative ( ! t5d5cy ( ! lat] ,romi% ,*ur*1 m especially 9 its mo/ corrupt condition1 j be=e ! ,re=mation1 to ?r[ all religion into =ms & ciph]s2 :i* t5d5cy1 z x affect$ ,*ri/ian e?ics1 0 confirm$ by ! ,r5aissance en?usiasm = ! works ( ,ari/otle & ,cic]o1 f :om ! code ( ! fifte5? c5tury virtues 0 borr[$1 & ^: au?ority 0 !n inf9itely m rev]$ by all ! ,doctors ( ! ,*ur* ?an t ei!r ( ,/4 ,paul or ,/4 ,pet]4 ,,xlviii4 ,al?\gh1 h[ev]1 ?is *ange 9 ! tone ( ! ,*ri/ian m9d 0 mo/ di/9ctly manife/$ :5 ! revival ( lit]ature r5d]$ ! works ( ! hea!n philosoph]s ! lead+ /udy ( all ! greate/ s*ol>s ( ! p]iod1 x _h be51 z ,i said be=e1 tak+ place gradually f ! e>lie/ ages4 ,x is1 z f> z ,i "k1 t root ( ! ,r5aissance poison-tree1 :i*1 ( all o!rs1 is deepe/ /ruck2 %[+ itself 9 v>i\s measures ?r\gh ! writ+s ( all ! ,fa!rs1 ( c\rse exactly 9 proportion to ! respect :i* !y paid to classical au?ors1 especially to ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 & ,cic]o4 ,! mode 9 :i* ! pe/il5t /udy ( t lit]ature affect$ !m may be well illu/rat$ by ! exam9ation ( a s+le passage f ! works ( "o ( ! be/ ( !m1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 & ( ! mode 9 :i* t passage 0 !n amplifi$ & =muliz$ by lat] writ]s4 ,,xlix4 ,plato1 inde$1 /udi$ alone1 w\ld h done no "o any h>m4 ,he is pr(\ndly spiritual & capaci\s 9 all 8 views1 & embraces ! small sy/ems ( ,ari/otle & ,cic]o1 z ! sol> sy/em does ! ,e>?4 ,he seems to me especially rem>kable = ! s5se ( ! great ,*ri/ian virtue ( ,hol9ess1 or sanctification2 & = ! s5se ( ! pres5ce ( ! ,deity 9 all ?+s1 great or small1 :i* always runs 9 a solemn und]curr5t b5ea? 8 exquisite playfulness & irony2 :ile all ! m]ely moral virtues may be f\nd 9 8 writ+s def9$ 9 ! mo/ noble mann]1 z a great pa9t] def9es 8 figures1 )\t outl9es4 ,b ! imp]fect s*ol>%ip ( lat] ages seems to h gone to ,plato1 only to f9d 9 him ! sy/em ( ,cic]o2 :i* inde$ 0 v def9itely express$ by him4 ,= x hav+ be5 quickly felt by all m5 :o /rove1 unhelp$ by ,*ri/ian fai?1 to ent] at ! /rait gate into ! pa?s ( virtue1 t !re 7 f\r *>act]s ( m9d :i* 7 protective or pres]vative ( all t 0 be/ 9 man1 namely1 ,prud5ce1 ,ju/ice1 ,c\rage1 & ,temp]ance1#adb ^! 7 aft]w>ds1 ) mo/ illogical inaccuracy1 call$ c>d9al virtues1 ,prud5ce be+ evid5tly no virtue1 b an intellectual gift3 b ?is inaccuracy arose p>tly f ! ambigu\s s5se ( ! ,lat9 ^w virtutes1 :i* sometimes1 9 m$ival language1 signifies virtues1 sometimes p[]s 7be+ occasionally us$ 9 ! ,vulgate = ! ^w ho/s1 z 9 ,psalm ciii4 #ba1 cxlviii4 #b1 c41 :ile =titud9es & ex]citus are us$ = ! same ^w 9 o!r places71 s t ,prud5ce might prop]ly be /yl$ a p[]1 ?\gh n prop]ly a virtue2 & p>tly f ! confusion ( ,prud5ce ) ,heav5ly ,wisdom4 ,! real rank ( ^! f\r virtues1 if s !y are to be call$1 is h[ev] prop]ly express$ by ! t]m c>d9al4 ,!y are virtues ( ! compass1 ^? by :i* all o!rs are direct$ & /r5g!n$2 !y are n ! greate/ virtues1 b ! re/ra9+ or modify+ virtues1 ?us ,prud5ce re/ra9s zeal1 ,ju/ice re/ra9s m]cy1 ,=titude & ,temp]ance guide ! entire sy/em ( ! passions2 &1 ?us und]/ood1 ^! virtues prop]ly assum$ _! peculi> lead+ or guid+ position 9 ! sy/em ( ,*ri/ian e?ics4 ,b 9 ,pagan e?ics1 !y 7 n only guid+1 b compreh5sive4 ,!y meant a great deal m on ! lips ( ! anci5ts1 ?an !y n[ express to ! ,*ri/ian m9d4 ,cic]o's ,ju/ice includes *>ity1 b5efic5ce1 & b5ignity1 tru?1 & fai? 9 ! s5se ( tru/wor?9ess4 ,8 ,=titude includes c\rage1 self-comm&1 ! scorn ( =tune & ( all tempor>y felicities4 ,8 ,temp]ance includes c\rtesy & mode/y4 ,s also1 9 ,plato1 ^! f\r virtues con/itute ! sum ( education4 ,i d n rememb] any m simple or p]fect expression ( ! idea1 ?an 9 ! acc\nt giv5 by ,socrates1 9 ! ,alcibiades ,i41 ( ! education ( ! ,p]sian k+s1 = :om1 9 _! y\?1 !re are *os51 he says1 f\r tutors f among ! ,p]sian nobles2 namely1 ! ,wise/1 ! mo/ ,j1 ! mo/ ,temp]ate1 & ! mo/ ,brave ( !m4 ,!n ea* has a di/9ct duty3 ,! ,wise/ tea*es ! "y k+ ! wor%ip ( ! gods1 & ! duties ( a k+ 7some?+ m "h1 obs]ve1 ?an our ',prud5ce6'72 ! mo/ ,j tea*es him to speak all tru?1 & to act out all tru?1 ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( 8 life2 ! mo/ ,temp]ate tea*es him to all[ no pleasure to h ! ma/]y ( him1 s t he may be truly free1 & inde$ a k+2 & ! mo/ ,brave makes him fe>less ( all ?+s1 %[+ him t ! mom5t he fe>s any?+1 he becomes a slave4 ,l4 ,all ?is is exce$+ly beautiful1 s f> z x rea*es2 b ! ,*ri/ian div9es 7 griev\sly l$ a/ray by _! endeavors to reconcile ?is sy/em ) ! nobl] law ( love4 ,at fir/1 z 9 ! passage ,i am j go+ to quote f ,/4 ,ambrose1 !y tri$ to graft ! ,*ri/ian sy/em on ! f\r bran*es ( ! ,pagan "o2 b f9d+ t ! tree w\ld n gr[1 !y plant$ ! ,pagan & ,*ri/ian bran*es side by side2 add+1 to ! f\r c>d9al virtues1 ! ?ree call$ by ! s*oolm5 !ological1 namely1 ,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity3 ! "o s]ies consid]$ z atta9able by ! ,hea!n1 b ! o!r by ! ,*ri/ian only4 ,?us ,virgil to ,sordello3 ,loco e laggi1 non tri/o da m>tiri ,ma di t5ebre solo1 ove i lam5ti ,non suonan come guai1 ma son sospiri3 99 99 99 99 99 ,quivi /o io1 con quei *e le tre sante ,virt non si ve/iro1 e s5za vizio ,conobbei l' altre1 e seguir1 tutte quante4 4 4 4 4 4 ,!re ,i ) ^? abide ,:o ! ,?ree ,holy ,virtues put n on1 ,b und]/ood ! re/1 & )\t blame ,foll[$ !m all4 ,,c>y4 ,,li4 ,?is arrangem5t ( ! virtues 01 h[ev]1 productive ( inf9ite confusion & error3 9 ! fir/ place1 because ,fai? is class$ ) its own fruits1--! gift ( ,god1 :i* is ! root ( ! virtues1 class$ simply z "o ( !m2 9 ! second1 because ! words us$ by ! anci5ts to express ! sev]al virtues _h always a diff]5t mean+ f ! same expressions 9 ! ,bible1 sometimes a m ext5d$1 sometimes a m limit$ "o4 ,imag9e1 = in/ance1 ! confusion :i* mu/ h be5 introduc$ into ! ideas ( a /ud5t :o read ,/4 ,paul & ,ari/otle alt]nately2 consid]+ t ! ^w :i* ! ,greek writ] uses = ,ju/ice1 means1 ) ,/4 ,paul1 ,righte\sness4 ,& la/ly1 x is impossible to ov]rate ! mis*ief produc$ 9 =m] days1 z well z 9 our own1 by ! m]e habit ( read+ ,ari/otle1 ^: sy/em is s false1 s =c$1 & s confus$1 t ! /udy ( x at our univ]sities is q en\gh to occasion ! utt] want ( accurate habits ( ?\ght :i* s (t5 disgraces m5 o!rwise well-educat$4 ,9 a ^w1 ,ari/otle mi/akes ! ,prud5ce or ,temp]ance :i* mu/ regulate ! op]ation ( ! virtues1 = ! ess5ce ( ! virtues !mselves2 &1 /riv+ to %[ t all virtues are means betwe5 two opposite vices1 torm5ts 8 wit to discov] & di/+ui% z _m pairs ( vices z are necess>y to ! completion ( 8 sy/em1 n disda9+ to employ sophi/ry :]e inv5tion fails him4 ,&1 inde$1 ! /udy ( classical lit]ature1 9 g5]al1 n only fo/]$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian writ]s ! un=tunate love ( sy/ematiz+1 :i* gradually deg5]at$ into e species ( contemptible =mulism1 b x accu/om$ !m to "w out _! sy/ems by ! help ( any logical quibble1 or v]bal subtlety1 :i* c\ld be made available = _! purpose1 & ?is n ) any di%one/ int5tion1 b 9 a s9c]e desire to arrange _! ideas 9 sy/ematical gr\ps1 :ile yet _! p[]s ( ?\ght 7 n accurate en\gh1 nor _! common s5se /]n en\gh1 to detect ! fallacy1 or disda9 ! f9esse1 by :i* ^! arrangem5ts 7 frequ5tly accompli%$4 ,,lii4 ,?us ,/4 ,ambrose1 9 8 comm5t>y on ,luke vi4 #bj1 is resolv$ to trans=m ! f\r ,beatitudes !re describ$ into rew>ds ( ! f\r c>d9al ,virtues1 & sets himself ?us +5i\sly to ! task3 ',bless$ be ye poor4' ,"h y h ,temp]ance4 ',bless$ are ye t hung] n[4' ,he :o hung]s1 pities ^? :o are an-hung]$2 9 pity+1 he gives to !m1 & 9 giv+ he becomes j 7l>gi5do fit ,ju/us74 ',bless$ are ye t weep n[1 = ye %all laugh4' ,"h y h ,prud5ce1 ^: "p x is to weep1 s f> z pres5t ?+s are conc]n$1 & to seek ?+s :i* are et]nal4 ',bless$ are ye :5 m5 %all hate y4' ,"h y h ,=titude4 ,,liii4 ,z a prep>ation = ?is pr(itable ex]cise ( wit1 we h also a reconciliation ( ! ,beatitudes z /at$ by ,/4 ,mat!w1 ) ^? ( ,/4 ,luke1 on ! gr\nd t 9 ^? eight are ^! f\r1 & 9 ^! f\r are ^? eight2 ) sundry rem>ks on ! my/ical value ( ! numb] eight1 ) :i* ,i ne$ n tr\ble ! read]4 ,) ,/4 ,ambrose1 h[ev]1 ?is pu]ile sy/ematization is q subord9ate to a v =cible & tru?ful exposition ( ! real nature ( ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,b ! classification he employs furni%es gr\nd = f>!r subtleties to future div9es2 & 9 a ,,ms4 ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ,i f9d "s expressions 9 ?is comm5t>y on ,/4 ,luke1 & 9 ! treatise on ! duties ( bi%ops1 amplifi$ into a treatise on ! ,/eps ( ! ,virtues3 by :i* e "o :o p]sev]es may1 by a /raight pa?1 atta9 to ! heav5ly c\ntry ( ! ,angels4 7,lib] de ,gradibus ,virtutum3 quibus ad patriam angelorum sup]nam it9]e recto asc5ditur ab omni p]sev]ante47 ,^! ,/eps are ?irty 9 numb] 7"o expressly = ea* day ( ! mon?71 & ! curi\s mode ( _! association r5d]s ! li/ well wor? quot+3-- ,,liv4 ,primus gradus e/ ,fides ,recta4 ,un]r+ fai?4 ,secundus ,spes firma4 ,firm hope4 ,t]tius ,c>itas p]fecta4 ,p]fect *>ity4 #d4 ,pati5tia v]a4 ,true pati5ce4 #e4 ,humilitas sancta4 ,holy humility4 #f4 ,mansuetudo4 ,meekness4 #g4 ,intellig5tia4 ,und]/&+4 #h4 ,compunctio cordis4 ,contrition ( he>t4 #i4 ,oratio4 ,pray]4 #aj4 ,confessio pura4 ,pure confession4 #aa4 ,p5it5tia digna4 ,fitt+ p5ance4#adc #ab4 ,ab/95tia4 ,ab/95ce 7fa/+74 #ac4 ,timor ,dei4 ,fe> ( ,god4 #ad4 ,virg9itas4 ,virg9ity4 #ae4 ,ju/icia4 ,ju/ice4 #af4 ,mis]icordia4 ,m]cy4 #ag4 ,elemos9a4 ,almsgiv+4 #ah4 ,hospitalitas4 ,hospitality4 #ai4 ,honor p>5tum4 ,honor+ ( p>5ts4 #bj4 ,sil5cium4 ,sil5ce4 #ba4 ,consilium bonum4 ,good c\nsel4 #bb4 ,judicium rectum4 ,"r judgm5t4 #bc4 ,exemplum bonum4 ,good example4 #bd4 ,visitatio infirmorum4 ,visitation ( ! sick4 #be4 ,frequ5tatio ,company+ ) sa9ts4 sanctorum4 #bf4 ,oblatio ju/a4 ,j oblations4 #bg4 ,decimas ,deo solv]e4 ,pay+ ti!s to ,god4 #bh4 ,sapi5tia4 ,wisdom4 #bi4 ,voluntas bona4 ,goodwill4 #cj4 ,p]sev]antia4 ,p]sev]ance4 ,,lv4 ,! read] w note t ! g5]al idea ( ,*ri/ian virtue embodi$ 9 ?is li/ is true1 exalt$1 & beautiful2 ! po9ts ( weakness be+ ! confusion ( duties ) virtues1 & ! va9 endeavor to enum]ate ! v>i\s (fices ( *>ity z s _m sep>ate virtues2 m frequ5tly arrang$ z sev5 di/9ct works ( m]cy4 ,?is g5]al t5d5cy to a morbid accuracy ( classification 0 associat$1 9 lat] times1 ) ano!r v important elem5t ( ! ,r5aissance m9d1 ! love ( p]sonification2 :i* appe>s to h rea*$ its greate/ vigor 9 ! c\rse ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & is express$ to all future ages1 9 a consummate mann]1 9 ! poem ( ,sp5s]4 ,x is to be not$ t p]sonification is1 9 "s sort1 ! rev]se ( symbolism1 & is f> less noble4 ,symbolism is ! sett+ =? ( a great tru? by an imp]fect & inf]ior sign 7z1 = in/ance1 ( ! hope ( ! resurrection by ! =m ( ! pho5ix72 & x is almo/ always employ$ by m5 9 _! mo/ s]i\s moods ( fai?1 r>ely 9 recreation4 ,m5 :o use symbolism =cibly are almo/ always true believ]s 9 :at !y symbolize4 ,b ,p]sonification is ! be/[+ ( a human or liv+ =m ^u an ab/ract idea3 x is1 9 mo/ cases1 a m]e recreation ( ! fancy1 & is apt to di/urb ! belief 9 ! reality ( ! ?+ p]sonifi$4 ,?us symbolism con/itut$ ! entire sy/em ( ! ,mosaic disp5sation3 x occurs 9 e ^w ( ,*ri/'s tea*+2 x atta*es p]petual my/]y to ! la/ & mo/ solemn act ( ,8 life4 ,b ,i d n recollect a s+le in/ance ( p]sonification 9 any ( ,8 words4 ,& z we wat*1 !nce=w>d1 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 we %all f9d ! decl5sion ( its fai? exactly m>k$ by ! ab&onm5t ( symbolism1#add & ! pr(use employm5t ( p]sonification1--ev5 to su* an ext5t t ! virtues came1 at la/1 to be confus$ ) ! sa9ts2 & we f9d 9 ! lat] ,litanies1 ,/4 ,fai?1 ,/4 ,hope1 ,/4 ,*>ity1 & ,/4 ,*a/ity1 invok$ imm$iately aft] ,/4 ,cl>a & ,/4 ,bridget4 ,,lvi4 ,nev]!less1 9 ! h&s ( its e>ly & e>ne/ ma/]s1 9 :om fancy c\ld n ov]?r[ ! f\ndations ( fai?1 p]sonification is1 (t5 ?or\ghly noble & lovely2 ! e>li] conditions ( x be+ j z mu* m spiritual & vital ?an ! lat] ones1 z ! /ill e>li] symbolism 0 m spiritual ?an !y4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 ,dante's burn+ ,*>ity1 runn+ & return+ at ! :eels ( ! *>iot ( ,god1-- ,s ruddy1 t h] =m _h sc>ce ,be5 kn[n )9 a furnace ( cle> flame1 ) ,reynolds's ,*>ity1 a nurse 9 a :ite dress1 climb$ ^u by ?ree *ildr54#ade ,& n only s1 b ! numb] & nature ( ! virtues diff] consid]ably 9 ! /atem5ts ( diff]5t poets & pa9t]s1 accord+ to _! own views ( religion1 or to ! mann] ( life !y _h x 9 m9d to illu/rate4 ,giotto1 = in/ance1 arranges 8 sy/em altoge!r diff]5tly at ,assisi1 :]e he is sett+ =? ! monki% life1 & 9 ! ,ar5a ,*apel1 :]e he treats ( t ( mank9d 9 g5]al1 & :]e1 !re=e1 he gives only ! s-call$ !ological & c>d9al virtues2 :ile1 at ,assisi1 ! ?ree pr9cipal virtues are ^? :i* are report$ to h appe>$ 9 vision to ,/4 ,francis1 ,*a/ity1 ,ob$i5ce1 & ,pov]ty3 ,*a/ity be+ att5d$ by ,=titude1 ,purity1 & ,p5ance2 ,ob$i5ce by ,prud5ce & ,humility2 ,pov]ty by ,hope & ,*>ity4 ,! sy/ems v>y ) almo/ e writ]1 & 9 almo/ e important "w ( art :i* embodies !m1 be+ m or less spiritual accord+ to ! p[] ( intellect by :i* !y 7 conceiv$4 ,! mo/ noble 9 lit]ature are1 ,i suppose1 ^? ( ,dante & ,sp5s]3 & ) ^! we may comp>e five ( ! mo/ int]e/+ s]ies 9 ! e>ly art ( ,italy2 namely1 ^? ( ,orcagna1 ,giotto1 & ,simon ,memmi1 at ,flor5ce & ,padua1 & ^? ( ,/4 ,m>k's & ! ,ducal ,palace at ,v5ice4 ,( c\rse1 9 ! ri*e/ ( ^! s]ies1 ! vices are p]sonifi$ toge!r ) ! virtues1 z 9 ! ,ducal ,palace2 & by ! =m or "n ( oppos$ vice1 we may (t5 asc]ta91 ) mu* great] accuracy ?an w\ld o!rwise be possible1 ! p>ticul> idea ( ! contr>y virtue 9 ! m9d ( ! writ] or pa9t]4 ,?us1 :5 oppos$ to ,prud5ce1 or ,prud5tia1 on ! "o side1 we f9d ,folly1 or ,/ultitia1 on ! o!r1 x %[s t ! virtue und]/ood by ,prud5ce1 is n ! m]e guid+ or c>d9al virtue1 b ! ,heav5ly ,wisdom1#adf oppos$ to t folly :i* ha? said 9 its he>t1 !re is no ,god2 & ( :i* x is said1 ! ?\ght ( fooli%ness is s92 & aga91 ,su* z be fooli% %all n /& 9 ?y sight4 ,?is folly is p]sonifi$1 9 e>ly pa9t+ & illum9ation1 by a half-nak$ man1 gre$ily eat+ an apple or o!r fruit1 & br&i%+ a club2 %[+ t s5suality & viol5ce are ! two pr9cipal *>act]i/ics ( ,fooli%ness1 & lead into a!ism4 ,! figure1 9 e>ly ,psalt]s1 always =ms ! lett] ,d1 :i* comm5ces ! fifty-?ird ,psalm1 ,dixit insipi5s4 ,,lvii4 ,9 read+ ,dante1 ?is mode ( reason+ f contr>ies is a great help1 = 8 philosophy ( ! vices is ! only "o :i* admits ( classification2 8 descriptions ( virtue1 :ile !y include ! ord9>y =mal divisions1 are f> too pr(\nd & ext5d$ to be br\ght "u def9ition4 ,e l9e ( ! ,p>adise is full ( ! mo/ exquisite & spiritual expressions ( ,*ri/ian tru?2 & t poem is only less read ?an ! ,inf]no because x requires f> great] att5tion1 &1 p]haps1 = its full enjoym5t1 a holi] he>t4 ,,lviii4 ,8 sy/em 9 ! ,inf]no is briefly ?is4 ,! :ole ne!r _w is divid$ into sev5 circles1 deep )9 deep1 9 ea* ( :i*1 accord+ to its dep?1 sev]] puni%m5t is inflict$4 ,^! sev5 circles1 reckon+ !m d[nw>ds1 are ?us allott$3 #a4 ,to ^? :o h liv$ virtu\sly1 b knew n ,*ri/4 #b4 ,to ,lu/4 #c4 ,to ,gluttony4 #d4 ,to ,av>ice & ,extravagance4 #e4 ,to ,ang] & ,sorr[4 #f4 ,to ,h]esy4 #g4 ,to ,viol5ce & ,fraud4 ,?is sev5? circle is divid$ into two p>ts2 ( :i* ! fir/1 res]v$ = ^? :o h be5 guilty ( ,viol5ce1 is aga9 divid$ into ?ree1 apportion$ sev]ally to ^? :o h committ$1 or desir$ to commit1 viol5ce aga9/ _! neighbors1 aga9/ !mselves1 or aga9/ ,god4 ,! l[e/ hell1 res]v$ = ! puni%m5t ( ,fraud1 is itself divid$ into t5 circles1 :]e9 are sev]ally puni%$ ! s9s (1-- #a4 ,betray+ wom54 #b4 ,flatt]y4 #c4 ,simony4 #d4 ,false prophecy4 #e4 ,peculation4 #f4 ,hypocrisy4 #g4 ,!ft4 #h4 ,false c\nsel4 #i4 ,s*ism & ,impo/ure4 #aj4 ,trea*]y to ^? :o repose entire tru/ 9 ! traitor4 ,,lix4 ,!re is1 p]haps1 no?+ m notable 9 ?is mo/ int]e/+ sy/em ?an ! pr(\nd tru? c\*$ "u ! atta*m5t ( s t]rible a p5alty to sadness or sorr[4 ,x is true t ,idl5ess does n else:]e appe> 9 ! s*eme1 & is evid5tly int5d$ to be includ$ 9 ! guilt ( sadness by ! ^w accidioso2 b ! ma9 mean+ ( ! poet is to m>k ! duty ( rejoic+ 9 ,god1 accord+ bo? to ,/4 ,paul's comm&1 & ,isaiah's promise1 ,?\ meete/ him t rejoice? & worke? righte\sness4#adg ,i d n "k words t might ) m b5efit be borne ) u1 & set 9 our he>ts mom5t>ily aga9/ ! m9or regrets & rebelli\snesses ( life1 ?an ^! simple ones3 ,tri/i fummo ,nel a] dolce1 *e del sol s' allegra1 ,or ci attri/iam1 nella belletta negra4 ,we once 7 sad1 ,9 ! sweet air1 made gladsome by ! sun1 ,n[ 9 ^! murky settl+s are we sad4#adh ,,c>y4 ,! virtue usually oppos$ to ?is vice ( sull5ness is ,alacritas1 unit+ ! s5se ( activity & *e]fulness4 ,sp5s] has *e]fulness simply1 9 8 description1 nev] en\gh to be lov$ or prais$1 ( ! virtues ( ,womanhood2 fir/ fem995ess or womanhood 9 specialty2 !n1-- ,next to h] sate goodly ,%amefa/nesse1 ,ne ev] dur/1 h] eyes f gr\nd upre>e1 ,ne ev] once did looke up f h] desse1#adi ,z if "s blame ( evill %e did fe>e ,t 9 h] *eekes made roses (t appe>e3 ,& h] aga9/ sweet ,*]efulnesse 0 plac$1 ,^: eyes1 l tw9kl+ />s 9 ev5+ cle>e1 ,7 deckt ) smyles t all sad hum\rs *ac$4 ,& next to h] sate sob] ,mode/ie1 ,hold+ h] h& ^u h] g5tle h>t2 ,& h] aga9/1 sate comely ,curtesie1 ,t unto e p]son knew h] "p2 ,& h] be=e 0 seat$ ov]?w>t ,s(t ,sil5ce1 & submisse ,ob$i5ce1 ,bo? l9ckt toge!r nev] to disp>t4 ,,lx4 ,ano!r notable po9t 9 ,dante's sy/em is ! int5sity ( utt]mo/ puni%m5t giv5 to treason1 ! peculi> s9 ( ,italy1 & t to :i*1 at ?is day1 %e attributes h] own mis]y ) h] own lips4 ,an ,italian1 que/ion$ z to ! causes ( ! failure ( ! campaign ( #ahdh1 always makes "o answ]1 ,we 7 betray$2 & ! mo/ melan*oly feature ( ! pres5t /ate ( ,italy is pr9cipally ?is1 t %e does n see t1 ( all causes to :i* failure might be attribut$1 ?is is at once ! mo/ disgraceful1 & ! mo/ hopeless4 ,9 fact1 ,dante seems to me to h writt5 almo/ prophetically1 = ! in/ruction ( mod]n ,italy1 & *iefly s 9 ! six? canto ( ! ,purgatorio4 ,,lxi4 ,hi!rto we h be5 consid]+ ! sy/em ( ! ,inf]no only4 ,t ( ! ,purgatorio is mu* simpl]1 x be+ divid$ into sev5 di/ricts1 9 :i* ! s\ls are sev]ally purifi$ f ! s9s ( ,pride1 ,envy1 ,wra?1 ,indiff]5ce1 ,av>ice1 ,gluttony1 & ,lu/2 ! poet ?us imply+ 9 opposition1 & describ+ 9 v>i\s in/ances1 ! sev5 virtues ( ,humility1 ,k9dness1#aej ,pati5ce1 ,zeal1 ,pov]ty1 ,ab/95ce1 & ,*a/ity1 z adjuncts ( ! ,*ri/ian "*1 9 :i* x may occasionally fail1 :ile ! ess5tial gr\p ( ! ?ree !ological & f\r c>d9al virtues are repres5t$ z 9 direct att5dance on ! *>iot ( ! ,deity2 & all ! s9s ( ,*ri/ians are 9 ! sev5te5? canto trac$ to ! defici5cy or ab]ration ( ,affection4 ,,lxii4 ,! sy/em ( ,sp5s] is unf9i%$1 & exce$+ly complicat$1 ! same vices & virtues occurr+ "u diff]5t =ms 9 diff]5t places1 9 ord] to %[ _! diff]5t relations to ea* o!r4 ,i %all n !re=e give any g5]al sket* ( x1 b only ref] to ! p>ticul> p]sonification ( ea* virtue 9 ord] to comp>e x ) t ( ! ,ducal ,palace4#aea ,! peculi> sup]iority ( 8 sy/em is 9 its exquisite sett+ =? ( ,*a/ity "u ! figure ( ,britom>t2 n monki% *a/ity1 b t ( ! pure/ ,love4 ,9 complet5ess ( p]sonification no "o c approa* him2 n ev5 9 ,dante d ,i rememb] any?+ q s great z ! description ( ! ,capta9 ( ! ,lu/s ( ! ,fle%3 ,z pale & wan z a%es 0 8 looke2 ,8 body lean & meagre z a rake2 ,& sk9 all )]$ l a dry$ rooke2 ,!reto z cold & dr]y z a snake2 ,t seem$ to tremble ev]more1 & quake3 ,all 9 a canvas ?9 he 0 b$ight1 ,& gird$ ) a belt ( twi/$ brake3 ,^u 8 head he wore an helmet light1 ,made ( a dead man's skull4 ,he rides ^u a tig]1 & 9 8 h& is a b[1 b5t2 ,& _m arr[s "u 8 "r side1 ,head$ ) fl9t1 & fe!rs bloody dide4 ,! horror & ! tru? ( ?is are beyond ev]y?+ t ,i "k1 out ( ! pages ( ,inspiration4 ,note ! head+ ( ! arr[s ) fl9t1 because %>p] & m subtle 9 ! edge ?an /eel1 & because /eel might consume away ) ru/1 b fl9t n2 & consid] 9 ! :ole description h[ ! wa/+ away ( body & s\l toge!r1 & ! coldness ( ! he>t1 :i* unholy fire has consum$ into a%es1 & ! loss ( all p[]1 & ! k9dl+ ( all t]rible impati5ce1 & ! implant+ ( ?orny & inextricable griefs1 are set =? by ! v>i\s images1 ! belt ( brake1 ! tig] /e$1 & ! light helmet1 gird+ ! head ) dea?4 ,,lxiii4 ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ s]ies ( ! ,virtues express$ 9 ,italian art are ^? above m5tion$ ( ,simon ,memmi 9 ! ,spani% *apel at ,flor5ce1 ( ,ambrogio di ,lor5zo 9 ! ,palazzo ,publico ( ,pisa1 ( ,orcagna 9 ,or ,san ,mi*ele at ,flor5ce1 ( ,giotto at ,padua & ,assisi1 9 mosaic on ! c5tral cupola ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 & 9 sculpture on ! pill>s ( ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,! fir/ two s]ies are c>efully describ$ by ,"l ,l9dsay2 bo? are too complicat$ = comp>ison ) ! m simple s]ies ( ! ,ducal ,palace2 ! o!r f\r ( c\rse agree 9 giv+ fir/ ! c>d9al & evangelical virtues2 _! v>iations 9 ! /atem5t ( ! re/ w be be/ und]/ood by putt+ !m 9 a p>allel arrangem5t4 ,,/4 ,,m>k',s4 ,,orcagna4 ,,giotto4 ,,ducal ,,palace4 ,con/ancy4 ,p]sev]ance4 ,con/ancy4 ,mode/y4 ,mode/y4 ,*a/ity4 ,virg9ity ,*a/ity4 ,*a/ity4 ,pati5ce4 ,pati5ce4 ,pati5ce4 ,m]cy4 ,ab/95ce4 ,ab/95ce8 ,piety4#aeb ,devotion4 ,b5ignity4 ,humility4 ,humility4 ,humility4 ,humility4 ,ob$i5ce4 ,ob$i5ce4 ,ob$i5ce4 ,docility4 ,caution4 ,pov]ty4 ,hone/y4 ,lib]ality4 ,alacrity4 ,,lxiv4 ,x is curi\s1 t 9 none ( ^! li/s d we f9d ei!r ,hone/y or ,indu/ry rank$ z a virtue1 except 9 ! ,v5etian "o1 :]e ! latt] is impli$ 9 ,alacritas1 & oppos$ n only by ,accidia or slo?1 b by a :ole s]ies ( eight sculptures on ano!r capital1 illu/rative1 z ,i believe1 ( ! temptations to idl5ess2 :ile v>i\s o!r capitals1 z we %all see pres5tly1 are devot$ to ! repres5tation ( ! active trades4 ,indu/ry1 9 ,nor!rn art & ,nor!rn morality1 assumes a v pr9cipal place4 ,i h se5 9 ,fr5* manuscripts ! virtues r$uc$ to ^! sev51 ,*>ity1 ,*a/ity1 ,pati5ce1 ,ab/95ce1 ,humility1 ,lib]ality1 & ,indu/ry3 & ,i d\bt :e!r1 if we 7 b to add ,hone/y 7or ,tru?71 a wis] or %ort] li/ c\ld be made out4 ,,lxv4 ,we w n[ take ! pill>s ( ! ,ducal ,palace 9 _! ord]4 ,x has already be5 m5tion$ 7,vol4 ,i4 ,*ap4 ,i4 ,,xlvi47 t !re are1 9 all1 ?irty-six great pill>s support+ ! l[] /ory2 & t ^! are to be c\nt$ f "r to left1 because !n ! m anci5t ( !m come fir/3 & t1 ?us arrang$1 ! fir/1 :i* is n a %aft1 b a pila/]1 w be ! support ( ! ,v9e angle2 ! eighte5? w be ! great %aft ( ! ,fig-tree angle2 & ! ?irty-six?1 t ( ! ,judgm5t angle4 ,,lxvi4 ,all _! capitals1 except t ( ! fir/1 are octagonal1 & are decorat$ by sixte5 leaves1 diff]5tly enri*$ 9 e capital1 b arrang$ 9 ! same way2 eight ( !m ris+ to ! angles1 & !re =m+ volutes2 ! eight o!rs set betwe5 !m1 on ! sides1 ris+ half-way up ! bell ( ! capital2 !re nodd+ =w>d1 & %[+ above !m1 ris+ out ( _! luxuriance1 ! gr\ps or s+le figures :i* we h to exam9e4#aec ,9 "s in/ances1 ! int]m$iate or l[] leaves are r$uc$ to eight sprays ( foliage2 & ! capital is left dep5d5t = its effect on ! bold position ( ! figures4 ,9 ref]r+ to ! figures on ! octagonal capitals1 ,i %all call ! out] side1 front+ ei!r ! ,sea or ! ,piazzetta1 ! fir/ side2 & s c\nt r\nd f left to "r2 ! f\r? side be+ ?us1 ( c\rse1 ! inn]mo/4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! fir/ five ar*es 7 wall$ up aft] ! great fire1 only ?ree sides ( _! capitals are left visible1 :i* we may describe z ! front & ! ea/]n & we/]n sides ( ea*4 ,,lxvii4 ,,fir/ ,,capital3 i4e4 ( ! pila/] at ! ,v9e angle4 ,9 front1 t[>ds ! ,sea4 ,a *ild hold+ a bird be=e him1 ) its w+s exp&$1 cov]+ 8 brea/4 ,on its ea/]n side4 ,*ildr5's heads among leaves4 ,on its we/]n side4 ,a *ild c>ry+ 9 "o h& a comb2 9 ! o!r1 a pair ( scissors4 ,x appe>s curi\s1 t ?is1 ! pr9cipal pila/] ( ! faade1 %\ld h be5 decorat$ only by ^! graceful grotesques1 = ,i c h>dly suppose !m any?+ m4 ,!re may be mean+ 9 !m1 b ,i w n v5ture to conjecture any1 except ! v pla9 & practical mean+ convey$ by ! la/ figure to all ,v5etian *ildr51 :i* x w\ld be well if !y w\ld act ^u4 ,= ! re/1 ,i h se5 ! comb introduc$ 9 grotesque "w z e>ly z ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b g5]ally = ! purpose ( ridicul+ too great c>e 9 dress+ ! hair1 :i* assur$ly is n its purpose "h4 ,! *ildr5's heads are v sweet & full ( life1 b ! eyes %>p & small4 ,,lxviii4 ,,second ,,capital4 ,only ?ree sides ( ! orig9al "w are left unburi$ by ! mass ( add$ wall4 ,ea* side has a bird1 "o web-foot$1 ) a fi%1 "o claw$1 ) a s]p5t1 :i* op5s its jaws1 & d>ts its tongue at ! bird's brea/2 ! ?ird plum+ itself1 ) a fea!r betwe5 ! m&ibles ( its bill4 ,x is by f> ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ?ree capitals decorat$ ) birds4 ,,?ird ,,capital4 ,also has ?ree sides only left4 ,!y h ?ree heads1 l>ge1 & v ill cut2 "o female1 & cr[n$4 ,,f\r? ,,capital4 ,has ?ree *ildr54 ,! ea/]n "o is defac$3 ! "o 9 front holds a small bird1 ^: plumage is beautifully indicat$1 9 its "r h&2 & ) its left holds up half a walnut1 %[+ ! nut inside3 ! ?ird holds a fre% fig1 cut ?r\gh1 %[+ ! se$s4 ,! hair ( all ! ?ree *ildr5 is diff]5tly work$3 ! fir/ has luxuriant fl[+ hair1 & a d\ble *92 ! second1 light fl[+ hair fall+ 9 po9t$ locks on ! =ehead2 ! ?ird1 crisp curl+ hair1 deep cut ) drill holes4 ,?is capital has be5 copi$ on ! ,r5aissance side ( ! palace1 only ) su* *anges 9 ! ideal ( ! *ildr5 z ! workman ?\ght exp$i5t & natural4 ,x is highly int]e/+ to comp>e ! *ild ( ! f\rte5? ) ! *ild ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! e>ly heads are full ( y\?ful life1 playful1 humane1 affectionate1 beam+ ) s5sation & vivacity1 b ) mu* manl9ess & firmness1 also1 n a little cunn+1 & "s cruelty p]haps1 b5ea? all2 ! features small & h>d1 & ! eyes ke54 ,!re is ! mak+ ( r\gh & great m5 9 !m4 ,b ! *ildr5 ( ! fifte5? c5tury are dull smoo?-fac$ dunces1 )\t a s+le mean+ l9e 9 ! fatness ( _! /olid *eeks2 &1 al?\gh1 9 ! vulg> s5se1 z h&some z ! o!r *ildr5 are ugly1 capable ( becom+ no?+ b p]fum$ coxcombs4 ,,fif? ,,capital4 ,/ill ?ree sides only left1 be>+ ?ree half-l5g? /atues ( k+s2 ?is is ! fir/ capital :i* be>s any inscription4 ,9 front1 a k+ ) a sword 9 8 "r h& po9ts to a h&k]*ief embroid]$ & fr+$1 ) a head on x1 c>v$ on ! cavetto ( ! abacus4 ,8 "n is writt5 above1 ,,titus ,,vespasian ,,imp]ator 7contract$ ,illu/ration3 ,,ipat474 ,on ea/]n side1 ,,trajanus ,,imp]ator4 ,cr[n$1 a sword 9 "r h&1 & sceptre 9 left4 ,on we/]n1 7,,oct7,,avianus ,,augu/us ,,imp]ator4 ,! ,,oct is brok5 away4 ,he be>s a globe 9 8 "r h&1 ) ,,mundus ,,pacis ^u x2 a sceptre 9 8 left1 :i* ,i ?9k has t]m9at$ 9 a human figure4 ,he has a fl[+ be>d1 & a s+ul>ly high cr[n2 ! face is mu* injur$1 b has once be5 v noble 9 expression4 ,,six? ,,capital4 ,has l>ge male & female heads1 v co>sely cut1 h>d1 & bad4 ,,lxix4 ,,sev5? ,,capital4 ,?is is ! fir/ ( ! s]ies :i* is complete2 ! fir/ op5 ar* ( ! l[] arcade be+ betwe5 x & ! six?4 ,x beg9s ! repres5tation ( ! ,virtues4 ,fir/ side4 ,l>gitas1 or ,lib]ality3 always di/+ui%$ f ! high] ,*>ity4 ,a male figure1 ) 8 lap full ( money1 :i* he p\rs out ( 8 h&4 ,! co9s are pla91 circul>1 & smoo?2 !re is no attempt to m>k device ^u !m4 ,! inscription above is1 ,,l>gitas ,,me ,,onorat4 ,9 ! copy ( ?is design on ! tw5ty-fif? capital1 in/ead ( %[]+ out ! gold f 8 op5 h&1 ! figure holds x 9 a plate or salv]1 introduc$ = ! sake ( disguis+ ! direct imitation4 ,! *anges ?us made 9 ! ,r5aissance pill>s are always injuries4 ,?is virtue is ! prop] oppon5t ( ,av>ice2 ?\gh x does n occur 9 ! sy/ems ( ,orcagna or ,giotto1 be+ includ$ 9 ,*>ity4 ,x 0 a lead+ virtue ) ,ari/otle & ! o!r anci5ts4 ,,lxx4 ,second side4 ,con/ancy2 n v *>act]i/ic4 ,an arm$ man ) a sword 9 8 h&1 inscrib$1 ,,con/antia ,,sum1 ,,nil ,,tim5s4 ,?is virtue is "o ( ! =ms ( =titude1 & ,giotto !re=e sets z ! vice oppon5t to ,=titude1 ,incon/antia1 repres5t$ z a woman 9 loose drap]y1 fall+ f a roll+ globe4 ,! vision se5 9 ! int]pret]'s h\se 9 ! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 ( ! man ) a v bold c\nt5ance1 :o says to him :o has ! writ]'s ink-horn by 8 side1 ,set d[n my "n1 is ! be/ p]sonification ( ! ,v5etian ,con/antia ( :i* ,i am aw>e 9 lit]ature4 ,x w\ld be well = u all to consid] :e!r we h yet giv5 ! ord] to ! man ) ! ink-horn1 ,set d[n my "n4 ,,lxxi4 ,?ird side4 ,discord2 hold+ up h] f+]1 b ne$+ ! inscription above to assure u ( h] mean+1 ,,discordia ,,sum1 ,,discordans4 ,9 ! ,r5aissance copy %e is a meek & nun-l p]son ) a veil4 ,%e is ! ,at ( ,sp5s]2 "m ( debate1 ?us describ$ 9 ! f\r? book3 ,h] face mo/ f[le & fil?y 0 to see1 ,) squ9t$ eyes contr>ie wayes int5d$2 ,& loa?ly m\?1 unmeete a m\? to bee1 ,t n\ght b gall & v5im compreh5d$1 ,& wick$ wordes t ,god & man (f5d$3 ,h] ly+ tongue 0 9 two p>ts divid$1 ,& bo? ! p>ts did speake1 & bo? cont5d$2 ,& z h] tongue1 s 0 h] h>t discid$1 ,t nev] ?oght "o ?+1 b d\bly /il 0 guid$4 ,note ! f9e old mean+ ( discid$1 cut 9 two2 x is a great pity we h lo/ ?is p[]ful expression4 ,we might keep det]m9$ = ! o!r s5se ( ! ^w4 ,,lxxii4 ,f\r? side4 ,pati5ce4 ,a female figure1 v expressive & lovely1 9 a hood1 ) h] "r h& on h] brea/1 ! left ext5d$1 inscrib$ ,,pati5tia ,,manet ,,mecum4 ,%e is "o ( ! pr9cipal virtues 9 all ! ,*ri/ian sy/ems3 a mascul9e virtue 9 ,sp5s]1 & beautifully plac$ z ! ,physician 9 ! ,h\se ( ,hol9esse4 ,! oppon5t vice1 ,impati5ce1 is "o ( ! hags :o att5d ! ,capta9 ( ! ,lu/s ( ! ,fle%2 ! o!r be+ ,impot5ce4 ,9 l mann]1 9 ! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 ! opposite ( ,pati5ce is ,passion2 b ,sp5s]'s ?\ght is f>!r c>ri$4 ,8 two hags1 ,impati5ce & ,impot5ce1 z att5dant ^u ! evil _s ( ,passion1 embrace all ! ph5om5a ( human conduct1 d[n ev5 to ! smalle/ matt]s1 accord+ to ! adage1 ,m ha/e1 worse spe$4 ,,lxxiii4 ,fif? side4 ,despair4 ,a female figure ?ru/+ a dagg] into h] ?roat1 & te>+ h] long hair1 :i* fl[s d[n among ! leaves ( ! capital bel[ h] knees4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ figures ( ! s]ies2 inscrib$ ,,desp]acio ,m,s 7mortis87 ,,crudelis4 ,9 ! ,r5aissance copy %e is totally devoid ( expression1 & appe>s1 in/ead ( te>+ h] hair1 to be divid+ x into long curls on ea* side4 ,?is vice is ! prop] opposite ( ,hope4 ,by ,giotto %e is repres5t$ z a woman hang+ h]self1 a fi5d com+ = h] s\l4 ,sp5s]'s vision ( ,despair is well kn[n1 x be+ inde$ curr5tly report$ t ?is "p ( ! ,fa]ie ,que5 0 ! fir/ :i* drew to x ! att5tion ( ,sir ,philip ,sidney4 ,,lxxiv4 ,six? side4 ,ob$i5ce3 ) h] arms fold$2 meek1 b rude & commonplace1 look+ at a little dog /&+ on its h9d legs & begg+1 ) a coll> r\nd its neck4 ,inscrib$ ,,ob$i5ti 99 992 ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce is mu* defac$1 b looks l ,illu/ration3 ,graphic signs4 ,i suppose ! note ( contraction above ! f9al ,a has disappe>$ & t ! inscription 0 ,ob$i5tiam dom9o exhibeo4 ,?is virtue is1 ( c\rse1 a pr9cipal "o 9 ! monki% sy/ems2 repres5t$ by ,giotto at ,assisi z an angel rob$ 9 black1 plac+ ! f+] ( 8 left h& on 8 m\?1 & pass+ ! yoke ov] ! head ( a ,franciscan monk kneel+ at 8 feet4#aed ,ob$i5ce holds a less pr9cipal place 9 ,sp5s]4 ,we h se5 h] above associat$ ) ! o!r peculi> virtues ( womanhood4 ,,lxxv4 ,sev5? side4 ,infidelity4 ,a man 9 a turban1 ) a small image 9 8 h&1 or ! image ( a *ild4 ,( ! inscription no?+ b ,,infidelitate 99 99 99 & "s fragm5t>y lett]s1 ,,ili1 ,,c]o1 rema94 ,by ,giotto ,infidelity is mo/ nobly symboliz$ z a woman helmet$1 ! helmet hav+ a broad rim :i* keeps ! light f h] eyes4 ,%e is cov]$ ) heavy drap]y1 /&s infirmly z if ab\t to fall1 is b\nd by a cord r\nd h] neck to an image :i* %e c>ries 9 h] h&1 & has flames bur/+ =? at h] feet4 ,9 ,sp5s]1 ,infidelity is ! ,s>ac5 knight ,sans ,foy1-- ,full l>ge ( limbe & e jo9t ,he 01 & c>$ n = ,god or man a po9t4 ,= ! "p :i* he su/a9s 9 ! conte/ ) ,godly ,fe>1 or ! ,r$-cross knight1 see ,app5dix #b1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,lxxvi4 ,eigh? side4 ,mode/y2 be>+ a pit*]4 7,9 ! ,r5aissance copy1 a vase l a c(fee-pot47 ,inscrib$ ,,mode/ia ,illu/ration3 ,graphic signs4 ,i d n f9d ?is virtue 9 any ( ! ,italian s]ies1 except t ( ,v5ice4 ,9 ,sp5s] %e is ( c\rse "o ( ^? att5dant on ,womanhood1 b occurs z "o ( ! t5ants ( ! ,he>t ( ,man1 ?us portray$ 9 ! second book3 ,/raunge 0 h] tyre1 & all h] g>m5t blew1 ,close r[nd ab\t h] tuckt ) _m a plight3 ,^u h] fi/ ! bird :i* %onne? vew4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& ev] & anone ) rosy r$ ,! ba%full blood h] sn[y *eekes did dye1 ,t h] became1 z poli%t yvory ,:i* cunn+ craftesman h& ha? ov]layd ,) fayre v]milion or pure ca/ory4 ,,lxxvii4 ,,eigh? ,,capital4 ,x has no inscriptions1 & its subjects are n1 by !mselves1 intelligible2 b !y appe> to be typical ( ! degradation ( human in/9cts4 ,fir/ side4 ,a c>icature ( ,arion on 8 dolph92 he we>s a cap end+ 9 a long proboscis-l horn1 & plays a viol9 ) a curi\s twit* ( ! b[ & wag ( ! head1 v graphically express$1 b /ill )\t any?+ approa*+ to ! p[] ( ,nor!rn grotesque4 ,8 dolph9 has a goodly r[ ( tee?1 & ! waves beat ov] 8 back4 ,second side4 ,a human figure1 ) curly hair & ! legs ( a be>2 ! paws laid1 ) great sculptural skill1 ^u ! foliage4 ,x plays a viol91 %ap$ l a guit>1 ) a b5t d\ble-/r+$ b[4 ,?ird side4 ,a figure ) a s]p5t's tail & a mon/r\s head1 f\nd$ on a ,negro type1 holl[-*eek$1 l>ge-lipp$1 & we>+ a cap made ( a s]p5t's sk91 hold+ a fir-cone 9 its h&4 ,f\r? side4 ,a mon/r\s figure1 t]m9at+ bel[ 9 a tortoise4 ,x is dev\r+ a g\rd1 :i* x grasps gre$ily ) bo? h&s2 x we>s a cap end+ 9 a ho($ leg4 ,fif? side4 ,a c5taur we>+ a cre/$ helmet1 & hold+ a curv$ sword4 ,six? side4 ,a knight1 rid+ a headless horse1 & we>+ *a9 armor1 ) a triangul> %ield flung beh9d 8 back1 & a two-edg$ sword4 ,sev5? side4 ,a figure l t on ! fif?1 we>+ a r\nd helmet1 & ) ! legs & tail ( a horse4 ,he be>s a long mace ) a top l a fir-cone4 ,eigh? side4 ,a figure ) curly hair1 & an acorn 9 its h&1 end+ bel[ 9 a fi%4 ,,lxxviii4 ,n9? ,capital4 ,fir/ side4 ,fai?4 ,%e has h] left h& on h] brea/1 & ! cross on h] "r4 ,inscrib$ ,,fides ,,optima ,,9 ,,deo4 ,! ,fai? ( ,giotto holds ! cross 9 h] "r h&2 9 h] left1 a scroll ) ! ,apo/les' ,cre$4 ,%e treads ^u cabali/ic books1 & has a key susp5d$ to h] wai/4 ,sp5s]'s ,fai? 7,fidelia7 is /ill m spiritual & noble3 ,%e 0 arai$ all 9 lilly :ite1 ,& 9 h] "r h& bore a cup ( gold1 ,) w9e & wat] fild up to ! hight1 ,9 :i* a s]p5t did himselfe enfold1 ,t horr\r made to all t did behold2 ,b %e no :itt did *aunge h] con/ant mood3 ,& 9 h] o!r h& %e fa/ did hold ,a booke1 t 0 bo? signd & seald ) blood2 ,:]e9 d>ke ?+s 7 writt1 h>d to be und]/ood4 ,,lxxix4 ,second side4 ,=titude4 ,a long-be>d$ man ,samson8 te>+ op5 a lion's jaw4 ,! inscription is illegible1 & ! some:at vulg> p]sonification appe>s to belong r to ,c\rage ?an ,=titude4 ,on ! ,r5aissance copy x is inscrib$ ,,=titudo ,,sum ,,virilis4 ,! ,lat9 ^w has1 p]haps1 be5 receiv$ by ! sculptor z m]ely signify+ ,/r5g?1 ! re/ ( ! p]fect idea ( ?is virtue hav+ be5 giv5 9 ,con/antia previ\sly4 ,b bo? ^! ,v5etian symbols toge!r d n at all approa* ! idea ( ,=titude z giv5 g5]ally by ,giotto & ! ,pisan sculptors2 clo!d ) a lion's sk91 knott$ ab\t h] neck1 & fall+ to h] feet 9 deep folds2 draw+ back h] "r h&1 ) ! sword po9t$ t[>ds h] enemy2 & slightly retir$ beh9d h] immovable %ield1 :i*1 ) ,giotto1 is squ>e1 & re/$ on ! gr\nd l a t[]1 cov]+ h] up to above h] %\ld]s2 be>+ on x a lion1 & ) brok5 heads ( javel9s deeply infix$4 ,among ! ,greeks1 ?is is1 ( c\rse1 "o ( ! pr9cipal virtues2 apt1 h[ev]1 9 _! ord9>y conception ( x to deg5]ate into m]e manl9ess or c\rage4 ,,lxxx4 ,?ird side4 ,temp]ance2 be>+ a pit*] ( wat] & a cup4 ,inscription1 illegible "h1 & on ! ,r5aissance copy ne>ly s1 ,,temp]antia ,,sum 7,,inom' ,ls78 only left4 ,9 ?is some:at vulg> & mo/ frequ5t conception ( ?is virtue 7aft]w>ds cont9ually repeat$1 z by ,sir ,jo%ua 9 8 w9d[ at ,new ,college7 temp]ance is confus$ ) m]e ab/95ce1 ! opposite ( ,gula1 or gluttony2 :]eas ! ,greek ,temp]ance1 a truly c>d9al virtue1 is ! mod]ator ( all ! passions1 & s repres5t$ by ,giotto1 :o has plac$ a bridle ^u h] lips1 & a sword 9 h] h&1 ! hilt ( :i* %e is b9d+ to ! scabb>d4 ,9 8 sy/em1 %e is oppos$ among ! vices1 n by ,gula or ,gluttony1 b by ,ira1 ,ang]4 ,s also ! ,temp]ance ( ,sp5s]1 or ,sir ,guyon1 b ) m+l+ ( mu* /]nness3 ,a goodly knight1 all armd 9 h>nesse meete1 ,t f 8 head no place appe>$ to 8 feete1 ,8 c>riage 0 full comely & upright2 ,8 c\nt5ance demure & temp]ate2 ,b yett s /]ne & t]rible 9 sight1 ,t *e>d 8 fri5des1 & did 8 foes amate4 ,! ,temp]ance ( ! ,greeks1 ,greek3 sphrosyn1 involves ! idea ( ,prud5ce1 & is a mo/ noble virtue1 yet prop]ly m>k$ by ,plato z inf]ior to sacr$ en?usiasm1 ?\gh necess>y = its gov]nm5t4 ,he opposes x1 "u ! "n ,mortal ,temp]ance or ! ,temp]ance :i* is ( m51 to div9e madness1 ,greek3 mania1 or inspiration2 b he mo/ ju/ly & nobly expresses ! g5]al idea ( x "u ! t]m ,greek3 hubris1 :i*1 9 ! ,phdrus1 is divid$ into v>i\s intemp]ances ) respect to v>i\s objects1 & set =? "u ! image ( a black1 vici\s1 diseas$ & furi\s horse1 yok$ by ! side ( ,prud5ce or ,wisdom 7set =? "u ! figure ( a :ite horse ) a cre/$ & noble head1 l t :i* we h among ! ,elg9 ,m>bles7 to ! *>iot ( ! ,s\l4 ,! sy/em ( ,ari/otle1 z above /at$1 is ?r\gh\t a m]e complicat$ blund]1 support$ by sophi/ry1 ! labori\sly develop$ mi/ake ( ,temp]ance = ! ess5ce ( ! virtues :i* x guides4 ,temp]ance 9 ! m$ival sy/ems is g5]ally oppos$ by ,ang]1 or by ,folly1 or ,gluttony3 b h] prop] opposite is ,sp5s]'s ,acrasia1 ! pr9cipal enemy ( ,sir ,guyon1 at ^: gates we f9d ! subord9ate vice ,excesse1 z ! introduction to ,intemp]ance2 a graceful & fem99e image1 necess>y to illu/rate ! m dang]\s =ms ( subtle intemp]ance1 z oppos$ to ! brutal ,gluttony 9 ! fir/ book4 ,%e presses grapes into a cup1 because ( ! words ( ,/4 ,paul1 ,be n drunk ) w9e1 :]e9 is excess2 b always delicately1 ,into h] cup %e scruzd ) da9tie brea* ,( h] f9e f+]s1 )\t f[le empea*1 ,t s faire w9epresse made ! w9e m sweet4 ,! read] w1 ,i tru/1 p>don ^! frequ5t extracts f ,sp5s]1 = x is ne>ly z necess>y to po9t out ! pr(\nd div9ity & philosophy ( our great ,engli% poet1 z ! beauty ( ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,,lxxxi4 ,f\r? side4 ,humility2 ) a veil ^u h] head1 c>ry+ a lamp 9 h] lap4 ,inscrib$ 9 ! copy1 ,,humilitas ,,habitat ,,9 ,,me4 ,?is virtue is ( c\rse a peculi>ly ,*ri/ian "o1 h>dly recogniz$ 9 ! ,pagan sy/ems1 ?\gh c>efully impress$ ^u ! ,greeks 9 e>ly life 9 a mann] :i* at ?is day x w\ld be well if we 7 to imitate1 &1 toge!r ) an almo/ fem99e mode/y1 giv+ an exquisite grace to ! conduct & be>+ ( ! well-educat$ ,greek y\?4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 "o ( ! lead+ virtues 9 all ! monki% sy/ems1 b ,i h n any notes ( ! mann] ( its repres5tation4 ,,lxxxii4 ,fif? side4 ,*>ity4 ,a woman ) h] lap full ( loaves7871 giv+ "o to a *ild1 :o /ret*es 8 arm out = x across a broad gap 9 ! leafage ( ! capital4 ,aga9 v f> inf]ior to ! ,giottesque r5d]+ ( ?is virtue4 ,9 ! ,ar5a ,*apel %e is di/+ui%$ f all ! o!r virtues by hav+ a circul> glory r\nd h] head1 & a cross ( fire2 %e is cr[n$ ) fl[]s1 pres5ts ) h] "r h& a vase ( corn & fruit1 & ) h] left receives treasure f ,*ri/1 :o appe>s above h]1 to provide h] ) ! means ( cont9ual (fices ( b5efic5ce1 :ile %e tramples "u foot ! treasures ( ! e>?4 ,! peculi> beauty ( mo/ ( ! ,italian conceptions ( ,*>ity1 is 9 ! subjection ( m]e munific5ce to ! gl[+ ( h] love1 always repres5t$ by flames2 "h 9 ! =m ( a cross r\nd h] head2 9 ,oreagna's %r9e at ,flor5ce1 issu+ f a c5s] 9 h] h&2 &1 ) ,dante1 inflam+ h] :ole =m1 s t1 9 a furnace ( cle> fire1 %e c\ld n h be5 disc]n$4 ,sp5s] repres5ts h] z a "m surr\nd$ by happy *ildr51 an idea aft]w>ds griev\sly hackney$ & vulg>iz$ by ,engli% pa9t]s & sculptors4 ,,lxxxiii4 ,six? side4 ,ju/ice4 ,cr[n$1 & ) sword4 ,inscrib$ 9 ! copy1 ,,rex ,,sum ,,ju/icie4 ,?is idea 0 aft]w>ds mu* amplifi$ & adorn$ 9 ! only good capital ( ! ,r5aissance s]ies1 "u ! ,judgm5t angle4 ,giotto has also giv5 8 :ole /r5g? to ! pa9t+ ( ?is virtue1 repres5t+ h] z en?ron$ "u a noble ,go?ic canopy1 hold+ scales1 n by ! beam1 b "o 9 ea* h&2 a beautiful idea1 %[+ t ! equality ( ! scales ( ,ju/ice is n ow+ to natural laws1 b to h] own imm$iate weigh+ ! oppos$ causes 9 h] own h&s4 ,9 "o scale is an execution] behead+ a crim9al2 9 ! o!r an angel cr[n+ a man :o seems 79 ,selvatico's plate7 to h be5 work+ at a desk or table4 ,b5ea? h] feet is a small pr$ella1 repres5t+ v>i\s p]sons rid+ securely 9 ! woods1 & o!rs danc+ to ! s\nd ( music4 ,sp5s]'s ,ju/ice1 ,sir ,artegall1 is ! h]o ( an entire book1 & ! betro!d knight ( ,britom>t1 or *a/ity4 ,,lxxxiv4 ,sev5? side4 ,prud5ce4 ,a man ) a book & a pair ( compasses1 we>+ ! noble cap1 hang+ d[n t[>ds ! %\ld]1 & b\nd 9 a fillet r\nd ! br[1 :i* occurs s frequ5tly dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury 9 ,italy 9 ! portraits ( m5 occupi$ 9 any civil capacity4 ,?is virtue is1 z we h se51 conceiv$ "u v diff]5t degrees ( dignity1 f m]e worldly prud5ce up to heav5ly wisdom1 be+ oppos$ sometimes by ,/ultitia1 sometimes by ,ignorantia4 ,i d n f9d1 9 any ( ! repres5tations ( h]1 t h] truly di/9ctive "*1 namely1 =e?\ght1 is en\gh insi/$ ^u3 ,giotto expresses h] vigilance & j measurem5t or e/imate ( all ?+s by pa9t+ h] z ,janus-head$1 & gaz+ into a convex mirror1 ) compasses 9 h] "r h&2 ! convex mirror %[+ h] p[] ( look+ at _m ?+s 9 small compass4 ,b =e?\ght or anticipation1 by :i*1 indep5d5tly ( great] or less natural capacities1 "o man becomes m prud5t ?an ano!r1 is nev] en\gh consid]$ or symboliz$4 ,! idea ( ?is virtue oscillates1 9 ! ,greek sy/ems1 betwe5 ,temp]ance & ,heav5ly ,wisdom4 ,,lxxxv4 ,eigh? side4 ,hope4 ,a figure full ( devotional expression1 hold+ up its h&s z 9 pray]1 & look+ to a h& :i* is ext5d$ t[>ds x out ( sunbeams4 ,9 ! ,r5aissance copy ?is h& does n appe>4 ,( all ! virtues1 ?is is ! mo/ di/9ctively ,*ri/ian 7x c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 ent] def9itely into any ,pagan s*eme72 & above all o!rs1 x seems to me ! te/+ virtue1--t by ! possession ( :i* we may mo/ c]ta9ly det]m9e :e!r we are ,*ri/ians or n2 = _m m5 h *>ity1 t is to say1 g5]al k9dness ( he>t1 or ev5 a k9d ( fai?1 :o h n any habitual hope (1 or long+ =1 heav54 ,! ,hope ( ,giotto is repres5t$ z w+$1 ris+ 9 ! air1 :ile an angel holds a cr[n be=e h]4 ,i d n "k if ,sp5s] 0 ! fir/ to introduce our m>9e virtue1 lean+ on an an*or1 a symbol z inaccurate z x is vulg>3 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 an*ors are n = m51 b = %ips2 & 9 ! second1 an*orage is ! *>act]i/ic n ( ,hope1 b ( ,fai?4 ,fai? is dep5d5t1 b ,hope is aspirant4 ,sp5s]1 h[ev]1 introduces ,hope twice1--! fir/ "t z ! ,virtue ) ! an*or2 b aft]w>ds fallaci\s ,hope1 f> m beautifully1 9 ! ,masque ( ,cupid3 ,%e always smyld1 & 9 h] h& did hold ,an holy-wat] spr9ckle1 dipt 9 de[e4 ,,lxxxvi4 ,t5? ,capital4 ,fir/ side4 ,luxury 7! opposite ( *a/ity1 z above expla9$74 ,a woman ) a jewell$ *a9 across h] =ehead1 smil+ z %e looks into a mirror1 expos+ h] brea/ by draw+ d[n h] dress ) "o h&4 ,inscrib$ ,,luxuria ,,sum ,,im5sa4 ,^! subord9ate =ms ( vice are n met ) s frequ5tly 9 art z ^? ( ! opposite virtues1 b 9 ,sp5s] we f9d !m all4 ,8 ,luxury rides ^u a goat3 ,9 a gre5e g[ne he clo!d 0 full faire1 ,:i* und]nea? did hide 8 fil?9esse1 ,& 9 8 h& a burn+ h>t he b>e4 ,b1 9 fact1 ! prop] & compreh5sive expression ( ?is vice is ! ,cupid ( ! anci5ts2 & !re is n any m9or circum/ance m indicative ( ! int5se diff]5ce betwe5 ! m$ival & ! ,r5aissance _s1 ?an ! mode 9 :i* ?is god is repres5t$4 ,i h above said1 t all great ,european art is root$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury2 & x seems to me t !re is a k9d ( c5tral ye> ab\t :i* we may consid] ! en]gy ( ! middle ages to be ga!r$2 a k9d ( focus ( "t :i*1 by :at is to my m9d a mo/ t\*+ & impressive ,div9e appo9tm5t1 has be5 m>k$ = u by ! greate/ writ] ( ! middle ages1 9 ! fir/ words he utt]s2 namely1 ! ye> #acjj1 ! mezzo del camm9 ( ! life ( ,dante4 ,n[1 !re=e1 to ,giotto1 ! contempor>y ( ,dante1 & :o drew ,dante's /ill exi/+ portrait 9 ?is v ye>1 #acjj1 we may always look = ! c5tral m$ival idea 9 any subject3 & obs]ve h[ he repres5ts ,cupid2 z "o ( ?ree1 a t]rible tr9ity1 8 companions be+ ,satan & ,dea?2 & he himself a lean sc>ecr[1 ) b[1 quiv]1 & fillet1 & feet end+ 9 claws1#aee ?ru/ d[n into ,hell by ,p5ance1 f ! pres5ce ( ,purity & ,=titude4 ,sp5s]1 :o has be5 s (t5 notic$ z furni%+ ! exactly int]m$iate type ( conception betwe5 ! m$ival & ! ,r5aissance1 inde$ repres5ts ,cupid "u ! =m ( a beautiful w+$ god1 & rid+ on a lion1 b /ill no play?+ ( ! ,graces1 b full ( t]ror3 ,) t ! d>ts :i* 8 "r h& did /ra9e ,full dreadfully he %ooke1 t all did quake1 ,& clapt on hye 8 col\r$ w+es twa9e1 ,t all 8 _m x afraide did make4 ,8 _m1 t is to say1 8 company2 & obs]ve :at a company x is4 ,be=e him g ,fancy1 ,desire1 ,d\bt1 ,dang]1 ,fe>1 ,fallaci\s ,hope1 ,dissemblance1 ,suspicion1 ,grief1 ,fury1 ,displeasure1 ,despite1 & ,cruelty4 ,aft] him1 ,reproa*1 ,rep5tance1 ,%ame1 ,unquiet ,c>e1 & fond ,un?riftyhead1 ,lewd ,losse ( ,"t1 & ,sorr[ seem+ dead1 ,incon/ant ,*aunge1 & false ,disloyalty1 ,consum+ ,riotise1 & guilty ,dread ,( heav5ly v5geaunce2 fa9t ,infirmity1 ,vile ,pov]ty1 & la/ly ,dea? ) infamy4 ,comp>e ^! two pictures ( ,cupid ) ! ,love-god ( ! ,r5aissance1 z he is repres5t$ to ?is day1 confus$ ) angels1 9 e fad$ =m ( ornam5t & allegory1 9 our furniture1 our lit]ature1 & our m9ds4 ,,lxxxvii4 ,second side4 ,gluttony4 ,a woman 9 a turban1 ) a jewell$ cup 9 h] "r h&4 ,9 h] left1 ! claw$ limb ( a bird1 :i* %e is gnaw+4 ,inscrib$ ,,gula ,,s9e ,,ord9e ,,sum4 ,sp5s]'s ,gluttony is m ?an usually f9e3 ,8 belly 0 upbl[ne ) luxury1 ,& eke ) fatnesse swoll5 7 8 eyne1 ,& l a crane 8 necke 0 long & fyne1 ,:]e) he swall[$ up excessive fea/1 ,= want :]e( poore p (t did pyne4 ,he rides ^u a sw9e1 & is clad 9 v9e-leaves1 ) a g>l& ( ivy4 ,comp>e ! acc\nt ( ,excesse1 above1 z oppos$ to ,temp]ance4 ,,lxxxviii4 ,?ird side4 ,pride4 ,a knight1 ) a heavy & /upid face1 hold+ a sword ) ?ree edges3 8 armor cov]$ ) ornam5ts 9 ! =m ( roses1 & ) two e>s atta*$ to 8 helmet4 ,! inscription indeciph]able1 all b ,,sup]bia4 ,sp5s] has analyz$ ?is vice ) great c>e4 ,he fir/ repres5ts x z ! ,pride ( life2 t is to say1 ! pride :i* runs 9 a deep "u curr5t ?r\gh all ! ?\ghts & acts ( m54 ,z su*1 x is a fem99e vice1 directly oppos$ to ,hol9ess1 & mi/ress ( a ca/le call$ ! ,h\se ( ,pryde1 & h] *>iot is driv5 by ,satan1 ) a team ( bea/s1 ridd5 by ! mortal s9s4 ,9 ! ?rone *amb] ( h] palace %e is ?us describ$3 ,s pr\d %e %yn$ 9 h] pr9cely /ate1 ,look+ to ,heav51 = ,e>? %e did disdayne2 ,& sitt+ high1 = l[ly %e did hate3 ,lo1 und]nea? h] scornefull feete 0 layne ,a dreadfull dragon ) an hide\s trayne2 ,& 9 h] h& %e held a mirrh\r bright1 ,:]e9 h] face %e (t5 vew$ fayne ,! giant ,orgoglio is a bas] species ( pride1 born ( ! ,e>? & ,eolus2 t is to say1 ( s5sual & va9 conceits4 ,8 fo/]-fa!r & ! keep] ( 8 ca/le is ,ignorance4 7,book ,i4 canto ,,viii47 ,f9ally1 ,disda9 is introduc$1 9 o!r places1 z ! =m ( pride :i* v5ts itself 9 insult to o!rs4 ,,lxxxix4 ,f\r? side4 ,ang]4 ,a woman te>+ h] dress op5 at h] brea/4 ,inscription "h undeciph]able2 b 9 ! ,r5aissance copy x is ,,ira ,,crudelis ,,e/ ,,9 ,,me4 ,giotto repres5ts ?is vice "u ! same symbol2 b x is ! weake/ ( all ! figures 9 ! ,ar5a ,*apel4 ,! ,wra? ( ,sp5s] rides ^u a lion1 br&i%+ a fire-br&1 8 g>m5ts /a9$ ) blood4 ,rage1 or ,furor1 occurs subord9ately 9 o!r places4 ,x appe>s to me v /range t nei!r ,giotto nor ,sp5s] %\ld h giv5 any repres5tation ( ! re/ra9$ ,ang]1 :i* is inf9itely ! mo/ t]rible2 bo? ( !m make him viol5t4 ,,xc4 ,fif? side4 ,av>ice4 ,an old woman ) a veil ov] h] =ehead1 & a bag ( money 9 ea* h&4 ,a figure v m>vell\s = p[] ( expression4 ,! ?roat is all made up ( s9ews ) sk9ny *annels deep betwe5 !m1 /ra9$ z by anxiety1 & wa/$ by fam9e2 ! features hung]-bitt51 ! eyes holl[1 ! look gl>+ & int5se1 yet )\t ! slighte/3 c>icature4 ,inscrib$ 9 ! ,r5aissance copy1 ,,av>itia ,,impletor4 ,sp5s]'s ,av>ice 7! vice7 is mu* feebl] ?an ?is2 b ! god ,mammon & 8 k+dom h be5 describ$ by him ) 8 usual p[]4 ,note ! position ( ! h\se ( ,ri*esse3 ,betwixt !m bo? 0 b a little /ride1 ,t did ! ,h\se ( ,ri*esse f ,hell-m\? divide4 ,x is curi\s t mo/ morali/s confuse av>ice ) covet\sness1 al?\gh !y are vices totally diff]5t 9 _! op]ation on ! human he>t1 & on ! frame ( society4 ,! love ( money1 ! s9 ( ,judas & ,ananias1 is inde$ ! root ( all evil 9 ! h>d5+ ( ! he>t2 b covet\sness1 :i* is idolatry1 ! s9 ( ,ahab1 t is1 ! inord9ate desire ( "s se5 or recogniz$ good1--?us de/roy+ peace ( m9d1--is probably productive ( mu* m mis]y 9 he>t1 & error 9 conduct1 ?an av>ice itself1 only covet\sness is n s inconsi/5t ) ,*ri/ianity3 = covet\sness may p>tly proce$ f vividness ( ! affections & hopes1 z 9 ,david1 & be consi/5t )1 mu* *>ity2 n s av>ice4 ,,xci4 ,six? side4 ,idl5ess4 ,accidia4 ,a figure mu* brok5 away1 hav+ _h its arms r\nd two bran*es ( trees4 ,i d n "k :y ,idl5ess %\ld be repres5t$ z among trees1 unless1 9 ! ,italy ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 =e/ c\ntry 0 consid]$ z des]t1 & !re=e ! doma9 ( ,idl5ess4 ,sp5s] fa/5s ?is vice especially ^u ! cl]gy1-- ,^u a sl\?full asse he *ose to ryde1 ,arayd 9 habit blacke1 & amis ?91 ,l to an holy monck1 ! s]vice to beg94 ,& 9 8 h& 8 portesse /ill he b>e1 ,t mu* 0 worne1 b !re9 little r$d4 ,& he prop]ly makes him ! lead] ( ! tra9 ( ! vices3 ,may seem ! wayne 0 v evil l$d1 ,:5 su* an "o _h guid+ ( ! way ,obs]ve t subtle t\* ( tru? 9 ! we>+ ( ! portesse1 indicat+ ! abuse ( books by idle read]s1 s ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic ( unwill+ /ud5t%ip f ! s*oolboy upw>ds4 ,,xcii4 ,sev5? side4 ,vanity4 ,%e is smil+ complac5tly z %e looks into a mirror 9 h] lap4 ,h] robe is embroid]$ ) roses1 & roses =m h] cr[n4 ,undeciph]able4 ,!re is "s confusion 9 ! expression ( ?is vice1 betwe5 pride 9 ! p]sonal appe>ance & lightness ( purpose4 ,! ^w ,vanitas g5]ally1 ,i ?9k1 be>s1 9 ! m$ival p]iod1 ! s5se giv5 x 9 ,scripture4 ,let n him t is deceiv$ tru/ 9 ,vanity1 = ,vanity %all be 8 recomp5se4 ,vanity ( ,vanities4 ,! ,"l kn[e? ! ?\ghts ( ! wise1 t !y are va94 ,x is difficult to f9d ?is s91--:i*1 aft] ,pride1 is ! mo/ univ]sal1 p]haps ! mo/ fatal1 ( all1 frett+ ! :ole dep? ( our humanity into /orm to waft a fea!r or to dr[n a fly1--def9itely express$ 9 art4 ,ev5 ,sp5s]1 ,i ?9k1 has only p>tially express$ x "u ! figure ( ,phdria1 m prop]ly ,idle ,mir?1 9 ! second book4 ,! idea is1 h[ev]1 entirely work$ out 9 ! ,vanity ,fair ( ! ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,,xciii4 ,eigh? side4 ,envy4 ,"o ( ! noble/ pieces ( expression 9 ! s]ies4 ,%e is po9t+ malignantly ) h] f+]2 a s]p5t is wrea!d ab\t h] head l a cap1 ano!r =ms ! girdle ( h] wai/1 & a dragon re/s 9 h] lap4 ,giotto has1 h[ev]1 repres5t$ h]1 ) /ill great] subtlety1 z hav+ h] f+]s t]m9at+ 9 claws1 & rais+ h] "r h& ) an expression p>tly ( impot5t regret1 p>tly ( involunt>y grasp+2 a s]p5t1 issu+ f h] m\?1 is ab\t to bite h] betwe5 ! eyes2 %e has long membran\s e>s1 horns on h] head1 & flames consum+ h] body4 ,! ,envy ( ,sp5s] is only inf]ior to t ( ,giotto1 because ! idea ( folly & quickness ( he>+ is n sugge/$ by ! size ( ! e>3 9 o!r respects x is ev5 f9]1 jo9+ ! idea ( fury1 9 ! wolf on :i* he rides1 ) t ( corruption on 8 lips1 & ( discoloration or di/ortion 9 ! :ole m9d3 ,malici\s ,envy rode ,^u a rav5\s wolfe1 & /ill did *aw ,betwe5 8 cankr$ tee? a v5em\s tode1 ,t all ! poison ran ab\t 8 jaw4 ,all 9 a kirtle ( discol\rd say ,he clo!d 01 ypaynt$ full ( eies1 ,& 9 8 bosome secretly !re lay ,an hatefull snake1 ! :i* 8 taile uptyes ,9 _m folds1 & mortall /+ implyes4 ,he has develop$ ! idea 9 m detail1 & /ill m loa?somely1 9 ! twelf? canto ( ! fif? book4 ,,xciv4 ,,elev5? ,,capital4 ,its decoration is compos$ ( eight birds1 arrang$ z %[n 9 ,plate ,v4 ( ! ,sev5 ,lamps1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 sket*$ f ! ,r5aissance copy4 ,^! birds are all v>i$ 9 =m & action1 b n s z to require special description4 ,,xcv4 ,,twelf? ,,capital4 ,?is has be5 v int]e/+1 b is griev\sly defac$1 f\r ( its figures be+ entirely brok5 away1 & ! "* ( two o!rs q undeciph]able4 ,x is =tunate t x has be5 copi$ 9 ! ?irty-?ird capital ( ! ,r5aissance s]ies1 f :i* we are able to id5tify ! lo/ figures4 ,fir/ side4 ,mis]y4 ,a man ) a wan face1 seem+ly plead+ ) a *ild :o has its h&s cross$ on its brea/4 ,!re is a buckle at 8 own brea/ 9 ! %ape ( a clov5 he>t4 ,inscrib$ ,,mis]ia4 ,! int5tion ( ?is figure is n altoge!r app>5t1 z x is by no means treat$ z a vice2 ! di/ress seem+ real1 & l t ( a p>5t 9 pov]ty m\rn+ ov] 8 *ild4 ,yet x seems plac$ "h z 9 direct opposition to ! virtue ( ,*e]fulness1 :i* foll[s next 9 ord]2 r1 h[ev]1 ,i believe1 ) ! int5tion ( illu/rat+ human life1 ?an ! "* ( ! vice :i*1 z we h se51 ,dante plac$ 9 ! circle ( hell4 ,! ^w 9 t case w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 h be5 ,tri/itia1 ! unholy ,griefe ( ,sp5s]-- ,all 9 sable sorr[fully clad1 ,d[ne hang+ 8 dull head ) heavy *]e3 99 99 99 99 99 ,a pair ( p9c]s 9 8 h& he _h1 ,) :i* he p9*$ p to ! he>t4 ,he has f>!r amplifi$ ! idea "u ano!r figure 9 ! fif? canto ( ! f\r? book3 ,8 "n 0 ,c>e2 a blacksmi? by 8 trade1 ,t nei!r day nor night f work+ sp>$2 ,b to small purpose yron w$ges made3 ,^? be unquiet ?\ghts t c>efull m9ds invade4 ,rude 0 8 g>m5t1 & to rags all r5t1 ,ne bett] _h he1 ne = bett] c>$2 ,) bli/]$ h&s among ! c9d]s br5t4 ,x is to be notic$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! ,r5aissance copy ?is figure is /at$ to be1 n ,mis]ia1 b ,mis]icordia4 ,! contraction is a v mod]ate "o1 ,mis]icordia be+ 9 old ,,ms4 writt5 always z ,mia4 ,if ?is read+ be "r1 ! figure is plac$ "h r z ! companion1 ?an ! opposite1 ( ,*e]fulness2 unless1 inde$1 x is int5d$ to unite ! idea ( ,m]cy & ,compassion ) t ( ,sacr$ ,sorr[4 ,,xcvi4 ,second side4 ,*e]fulness4 ,a woman ) long fl[+ hair1 cr[n$ ) roses1 play+ on a tamb\r9e1 & ) op5 lips1 z s++4 ,inscrib$ ,,alacritas4 ,we h already met ) ?is virtue among ^? especially set by ,sp5s] to att5d on ,womanhood4 ,x is inscrib$ 9 ! ,r5aissance copy1 ,,ala*ritas ,,*anit ,,mecum4 ,note ! gutturals ( ! ri* & fully develop$ ,v5etian dialect n[ affect+ ! ,lat91 :i* is free f !m 9 ! e>li] capitals4 ,,xcvii4 ,?ird side4 ,de/roy$2 b1 f ! copy1 we f9d x has be5 ,/ultitia1 ,folly2 & x is !re repres5t$ simply z a man rid+1 a sculpture wor? ! consid]ation ( ! ,engli% resid5ts :o br+ _! horses to ,v5ice4 ,giotto gives ,/ultitia a fea!r1 cap1 & club4 ,9 e>ly manuscripts he is always eat+ ) "o h&1 & /rik+ ) ! o!r2 9 lat] ones he has a cap & bells1 or cap cre/$ ) a cock's head1 :5ce ! ^w coxcomb4 ,,xcviii4 ,f\r? side4 ,de/roy$1 all b a book1 :i* id5tifies x ) ! ,cele/ial ,*a/ity ( ! ,r5aissance copy2 !re repres5t$ z a woman po9t+ to a book 7connect+ ! conv5t life ) ! pursuit ( lit]ature874 ,sp5s]'s ,*a/ity1 ,britom>t1 is ! mo/ exquisitely wr\ght ( all 8 *>act]s2 b1 z be=e notic$1 %e is n ! ,*a/ity ( ! conv5t1 b ( w$d$ life4 ,,xcix4 ,fif? side4 ,only a scroll is left2 b1 f ! copy1 we f9d x has be5 ,hone/y or ,tru?4 ,inscrib$ ,,hone/atem ,,diligo4 ,x is v curi\s1 t among all ! ,*ri/ian sy/ems ( ! virtues :i* we h exam9$1 we %\ld f9d ?is "o 9 ,v5ice only4 ,! ,tru? ( ,sp5s]1 ,una1 is1 aft] ,*a/ity1 ! mo/ exquisite "* 9 ! ,fa]ie ,que54 ,c4 ,six? side4 ,falsehood4 ,an old woman lean+ on a crut*2 & inscrib$ 9 ! copy1 ,,falsitas ,,9 ,,me ,,semp] ,,e/4 ,! ,fidessa ( ,sp5s]1 ! great enemy ( ,una1 or ,tru?1 is f> m subtly conceiv$1 probably n )\t special ref]5ce to ! ,papal deceits4 ,9 h] true =m %e is a loa?some hag1 b 9 h] outw>d aspect1 ,a goodly lady1 clad 9 sc>lot r$1 ,purfl$ ) gold & pe>le2444 ,h] wanton palfrey all 0 ov]spr$ ,) t9sell trapp+s1 wov5 l a wave1 ,^: bridle rung ) gold5 bels & bosses brave4 ,dante's ,fraud1 ,g]yon1 is ! f9e/ p]sonification ( all1 b ! description 7,inf]no1 canto ,,xvii47 is too long to be quot$4 ,,ci4 ,sev5? side4 ,inju/ice4 ,an arm$ figure hold+ a halb]t2 s also 9 ! copy4 ,! figure us$ by ,giotto ) ! p>ticul> int5tion ( repres5t+ unju/ gov]nm5t1 is repres5t$ at ! gate ( an embattl$ ca/le 9 a =e/1 betwe5 rocks1 :ile v>i\s de$s ( viol5ce are committ$ at 8 feet4 ,sp5s]'s ,adicia is a furi\s hag1 at la/ trans=m$ into a tig]4 ,eigh? side4 ,a man ) a dagg] look+ sorr[fully at a *ild1 :o turns its back to him4 ,i _c und]/& ?is figure4 ,x is inscrib$ 9 ! copy1 ,,a/9ecia 7,ab/95tia87 ,,opitima4 ,,cii4 ,,?irte5? ,,capital4 ,x has lions' heads all r\nd1 co>sely cut4 ,,f\rte5? ,,capital4 ,x has v>i\s animals1 ea* sitt+ on its haun*es4 ,?ree dogs1 "o a greyh\nd1 "o long-hair$1 "o %ort-hair$ ) bells ab\t its neck2 two monkeys1 "o ) fan-%ap$ hair project+ on ea* side ( its face2 a noble bo>1 ) its tusks1 ho(s1 & bri/les %>ply cut2 & a lion & lioness4 ,,ciii4 ,,fifte5? ,,capital4 ,! pill> to :i* x belongs is ?ick] ?an ! re/1 z well z ! "o ov] x 9 ! upp] arcade4 ,! sculpture ( ?is capital is also mu* co>s]1 & seems to me lat] ?an t ( ! re/2 & x has no inscription1 :i* is emb>rass+1 z its subjects h _h mu* mean+2 b ,i believe ,selvatico is "r 9 suppos+ x to h be5 int5d$ = a g5]al illu/ration ( ,idl5ess4 ,fir/ side4 ,a woman ) a di/aff2 h] girdle ri*ly decorat$1 & fa/5$ by a buckle4 ,second side4 ,a y\? 9 a long mantle1 ) a rose 9 8 h&4 ,?ird side4 ,a woman 9 a turban /rok+ a puppy :i* %e holds by ! haun*es4 ,f\r? side4 ,a man ) a p>rot4 ,fif? side4 ,a woman 9 v ri* co/ume1 ) braid$ hair1 & dress ?r[n into m9ute folds1 hold+ a ros>y787 9 h] left h&1 h] "r on h] brea/4 ,six? side4 ,a man ) a v ?\ghtful face1 lay+ 8 h& ^u ! leaves ( ! capital4 ,sev5? side4 ,a cr[n$ lady1 ) a rose 9 h] h&4 ,eigh? side4 ,a boy ) a ball 9 8 left h&1 & 8 "r laid on 8 brea/4 ,,civ4 ,,sixte5? ,,capital4 ,x is decorat$ ) eight l>ge heads1 p>tly int5d$ to be grotesque1#aef & v co>se & bad1 except only t 9 ! six? side1 :i* is totally diff]5t f all ! re/1 & looks l a portrait4 ,x is ?91 ?\ghtful1 & dignifi$2 ?or\ghly f9e 9 e way4 ,x we>s a cap surm\nt$ by two w+$ lions2 &1 !re=e1 ,i ?9k ,selvatico mu/ h inaccurately writt5 ! li/ giv5 9 ! note1 = ?is head is c]ta9ly meant to express ! sup]iority ( ! ,v5etian "* ov] t ( o!r nations4 ,no?+ is m rem>kable 9 all e>ly sculpture1 ?an its appreciation ( ! signs ( dignity ( "* 9 ! features1 & ! way 9 :i* x c exalt ! pr9cipal figure 9 any subject by a few t\*es4 ,,cv4 ,,sev5te5? ,,capital4 ,?is has be5 s de/roy$ by ! sea w9d1 :i* sweeps at ?is po9t ( ! arcade r\nd ! angle ( ! palace1 t its inscriptions are no long] legible1 & great "p ( its figures are gone4 ,selvatico /ates !m z foll[s3 ,solomon1 ! wise2 ,priscian1 ! gramm>ian2 ,ari/otle1 ! logician2 ,tully1 ! orator2 ,py?agoras1 ! philosoph]2 ,ar*im$es1 ! me*anic2 ,orpheus1 ! musician2 ,ptolemy1 ! a/ronom]4 ,! fragm5ts actually rema9+ are ! foll[+3 ,fir/ side4 ,a figure ) two books1 9 a robe ri*ly decorat$ ) circles ( roses4 ,inscrib$ ,,salomon 7,,sap7,,i5s4 ,second side4 ,a man ) "o book1 por+ ov] x3 he has _h a long /ick or re$ 9 8 h&4 ,( inscription only ! lett]s ,,grammatic rema94 ,?ird side4 ,,ari/otle3 s inscrib$4 ,he has a peak$ d\ble be>d & a flat cap1 f "u :i* 8 long hair falls d[n 8 back4 ,f\r? side4 ,de/roy$4 ,fif? side4 ,de/roy$1 all b a bo>d ) ?ree 7c\nt]s87 on x4 ,six? side4 ,a figure ) compasses4 ,inscrib$ ,,geomet 99 99 ,sev5? side4 ,no?+ is left b a guit> ) its h&le wr\ght into a lion's head4 ,eigh? side4 ,de/roy$4 ,,cvi4 ,we h n[ arriv$ at ! ,,eighte5? ,,capital1 ! mo/ int]e/+ & beautiful ( ! palace4 ,x repres5ts ! planets1 & ! sun & moon1 9 ^? divisions ( ! zodiac kn[n to a/rolog]s z _! h\ses2 & p]haps indicates1 by ! position 9 :i* !y are plac$1 ! p]iod ( ! ye> at :i* ?is great corn]-/one 0 laid4 ,! inscriptions above h be5 9 qua9t ,lat9 rhyme1 b are n[ deciph]able only 9 fragm5ts1 & t ) ! m difficulty because ! ru/y iron b> t b9ds ! abacus has brok5 away1 9 its expansion1 ne>ly all ! upp] portions ( ! /one1 & ) !m ! signs ( contraction1 :i* are ( great importance4 ,i %all give ! fragm5ts ( !m t ,i c\ld deciph]2 fir/ z ! lett]s actually /& 7putt+ ^? ( :i* ,i am d\btful 9 brackets1 ) a note ( int]rogation71 & !n z ,i w\ld read !m4 ,,cvii4 ,x %\ld be premis$ t1 9 mod]n a/rology1 ! h\ses ( ! planets are ?us arrang$3 ,! h\se ( ! ,sun1 is ,leo4 ,moon1 ,canc]4 ( ,m>s1 ,aries & ,scorpio4 ,v5us1 ,taurus & ,libra4 ,m]cury1 ,gem9i & ,virgo4 ,jupit]1 ,sagitt>ius & ,pisces4 ,saturn1 ,capricorn4 ,h]s*el1 ,aqu>ius4 ,! ,h]s*el planet be+ ( c\rse unkn[n to ! old a/rolog]s1 we h only ! o!r six planet>y p[]s1 toge!r ) ! sun2 & ,aqu>ius is assign$ to ,saturn z 8 h\se4 ,i c\ld n f9d ,capricorn at all2 b ?is sign may h be5 brok5 away1 z ! :ole capital is griev\sly defac$4 ,! eigh? side ( ! capital1 :i* ! ,h]s*el planet w\ld n[ h occupi$1 be>s a sculpture ( ! ,creation ( ,man3 x is ! mo/ conspicu\s side1 ! "o set diagonally across ! angle2 or ! eigh? 9 our usual mode ( read+ ! capitals1 f :i* ,i %all n dep>t4 ,,cviii4 ,! fir/ side1 !n1 or t t[>ds ! ,sea1 has ,aqu>ius1 z ! h\se ( ,saturn1 repres5t$ z a seat$ figure beautifully drap$1 p\r+ a /ream ( wat] out ( an amphora ov] ! leaves ( ! capital4 ,8 inscription is3 ,,et ,,saturne ,,domus 7,,ecloc]unt87 #as #g;,,bre4 ,,cix4 ,second side4 ,jupit]1 9 8 h\ses ,sagitt>ius & ,pisces1 repres5t$ ?ron$1 ) an upp] dress dispos$ 9 radiat+ folds ab\t 8 neck1 & hang+ d[n ^u 8 brea/1 ornam5t$ by small p5d5t trefoil$ /uds or bosses4 ,he we>s ! droop+ bonnet & long gloves2 b ! folds ab\t ! neck1 %ot =? to express ! rays ( ! />1 are ! mo/ rem>kable *>act]i/ic ( ! figure4 ,he raises 8 sceptre 9 8 left h& ov] ,sagitt>ius1 repres5t$ z ! c5taur ,*iron2 & holds two ?unnies 9 8 "r4 ,some?+ r\gh1 l a ?ird fi%1 has be5 brok5 away bel[ !m2 ! m easily because ?is "p ( ! gr\p is entirely und]cut1 & ! two fi% glitt] 9 ! light1 reliev$ on ! deep gloom bel[ ! leaves4 ,! inscription is3 ,,inde ,,jovi'#aeg ,,dona ,,pises ,,simul ,,atqs ,,cirona4 ,or1 ,inde ,jovis dona ,pisces simul atque ,*irona4 ,domus is1 ,i suppose1 to be und]/ood be=e ,jovis3 ,!n ! h\se ( ,jupit] gives 7or gov]ns87 ! fi%es & ,*iron4 ,,cx4 ,?ird side4 ,m>s1 9 8 h\ses ,aries & ,scorpio4 ,repres5t$ z a v ugly knight 9 *a9 mail1 seat$ sideways on ! ram1 ^: horns are brok5 away1 & hav+ a l>ge scorpion 9 8 left h&1 ^: tail is brok5 also1 to ! inf9ite injury ( ! gr\p1 = x seems to h curl$ across to ! angle leaf1 & =m$ a bright l9e ( light1 l ! fi% 9 ! h& ( ,jupit]4 ,! knight c>ries a %ield1 on :i* fire & wat] are sculptur$1 & be>s a bann] ^u 8 lance1 ) ! ^w ,,def]osum1 :i* puzzl$ me = "s "t4 ,x %\ld be read1 ,i believe1 ,de f]ro sum2 :i* w\ld be good ,v5etian ,lat9 = ,i am ( iron4 ,,cxi4 ,f\r? side4 ,! ,sun1 9 8 h\se ,leo4 ,repres5t$ "u ! figure ( ,apollo1 sitt+ on ! ,lion1 ) rays %oot+ f 8 head1 & ! _w 9 8 h&4 ,! inscription3 ,,tu ,,es ,,domu' ,,solis 7,,quo 9987 ,,signe ,,leoni4 ,i believe ! fir/ phrase is1 ,tunc e/ ,domus solis2 b !re is a lett] gone aft] ! quo1 & ,i h no idea :at case ( signum signe /&s =4 ,,cxii4 ,fif? side4 ,v5us1 9 h] h\ses ,taurus & ,libra4 ,! mo/ beautiful figure ( ! s]ies4 ,%e sits ^u ! bull1 :o is deep 9 ! dewlap1 & bett] cut ?an mo/ ( ! animals1 hold+ a mirror 9 h] "r h&1 & ! scales 9 h] left4 ,h] brea/ is v nobly & t5d]ly indicat$ "u ! folds ( h] drap]y1 :i* is exquisitely /udi$ 9 its fall4 ,:at is left ( ! inscription1 runs3 ,,libra ,,cum ,,tauro ,,domus 99 99 99 ,,purior ,,aur 994 ,,cxiii4 ,six? side4 ,m]cury1 repres5t$ z we>+ a p5d5t cap1 & hold+ a book3 he is support$ by ?ree *ildr5 9 recl9+ attitudes1 repres5t+ 8 h\ses ,gem9i & ,virgo4 ,b ,i _c und]/& ! inscription1 ?\gh m ?an usually legible4 ,,occupat ,,erigone ,,/ibons ,,gem9uq' ,,lacone4 ,,cxiv4 ,sev5? side4 ,! ,moon1 9 h] h\se ,canc]4 ,?is sculpture1 :i* is turn$ t[>ds ! ,piazzetta1 is ! mo/ picturesque ( ! s]ies4 ,! moon is repres5t$ z a woman 9 a boat1 ^u ! sea1 :o raises ! cresc5t 9 h] "r h&1 & ) h] left draws a crab out ( ! waves1 up ! boat's side4 ,! moon 01 ,i believe1 repres5t$ 9 ,egyptian sculptures z 9 a boat2 b ,i r ?9k ! ,v5etian 0 n aw>e ( ?is1 & t he meant to express ! peculi> sweetness ( ! moonlight at ,v5ice1 z se5 across ! lagoons4 ,:e!r ?is 0 int5d$ by putt+ ! planet 9 ! boat1 may be que/ionable1 b assur$ly ! idea 0 meant to be convey$ by ! dress ( ! figure4 ,= all ! drap]ies ( ! o!r figures on ?is capital1 z well z on ! re/ ( ! faade1 are dispos$ 9 sev]e b full folds1 %[+ little ( ! =ms b5ea? !m2 b ! moon's drap]y ripples d[n to h] feet1 s z exactly to sugge/ ! trembl+ ( ! moonlight on ! waves4 ,?is beautiful idea is highly *>act]i/ic ( ! ?\ghtfulness ( ! e>ly sculptors3 five hundr$ m5 may be n[ f\nd :o c\ld h cut ! drap]y1 z su*1 f> bett]1 = "o :o w\ld h dispos$ its folds ) ?is int5tion4 ,! inscription is3 ,,lune ,,canc] ,,domu ,t4 ,,pbet ,,iorbe ,,signoru4 ,,cxv4 ,eigh? side4 ,god creat+ ,man4 ,repres5t$ z a ?ron$ figure1 ) a glory r\nd ! head1 lay+ 8 left h& on ! head ( a nak$ y\?1 & su/a9+ him ) 8 "r h&4 ,! inscription puzzl$ me = a long "t2 b except ! lo/ r & m ( =mavit1 & a lett] q undefac$1 b to me un9telligible1 be=e ! ^w ,eva1 9 ! %ape ( a figure ( #g1 ,i h safely asc]ta9$ ! re/4 ,,delimo ,,dsada ,,deco ,,/afo 99 99 ,,avit#g;,,eva4 ,or ,de limo ,dom9us ,adam1 de co/a fo7rm7 avit ,evam2 ,f ! du/ ! ,"l made ,adam1 & f ! rib ,eve4 ,i imag9e ! :ole ( ?is capital1 !re=e--! pr9cipal "o ( ! old palace1--to h be5 int5d$ to signify1 fir/1 ! =mation ( ! planets = ! s]vice ( man ^u ! e>?2 secondly1 ! entire subjection ( ! fates & =tune ( man to ! w ( ,god1 z det]m9$ f ! "t :5 ! e>? & />s 7 made1 &1 9 fact1 writt5 9 ! volume ( ! />s !mselves4 ,?us int]pret$1 ! doctr9es ( judicial a/rology 7 n only consi/5t )1 b an aid to1 ! mo/ spiritual & humble ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ! workman%ip & gr\p+ ( its foliage1 ?is capital is1 on ! :ole1 ! f9e/ ,i "k 9 ,europe4 ,! sculptor has put 8 :ole /r5g? into x4 ,i tru/ t x w appe> among ! o!r ,v5etian ca/s lately tak5 = ! ,cry/al ,palace2 b if n1 ,i h myself ca/ all its figures1 & two ( its leaves1 & ,i int5d to give draw+s ( !m on a l>ge scale 9 my folio "w4 ,,cxvi4 ,,n9ete5? ,,capital4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 ! second c\nt+ f ! ,sea1 on ! ,piazzetta side ( ! palace1 call+ t ( ! ,fig-tree angle ! fir/4 ,x is ! mo/ important capital1 z a piece ( evid5ce 9 po9t ( dates1 9 ! :ole palace4 ,great pa9s h be5 tak5 ) x1 & 9 "s portion ( ! accompany+ furniture or ornam5ts ( ea* ( its figures a small piece ( color$ m>ble has be5 inlaid1 ) peculi> significance3 = ! capital repres5ts ! arts ( sculpture & ar*itecture2 & ! inlay+ ( ! color$ /ones 7:i* are f> too small to be effective at a di/ance1 & are f\nd 9 ?is "o capital only ( ! :ole s]ies7 is m]ely an expression ( ! ar*itect's feel+ ( ! ess5tial importance ( ?is art ( inlay+1 & ( ! value ( color g5]ally 9 8 own art4 ,,cxvii4 ,fir/ side4 ,,/4 ,,simplicius3 s inscrib$4 ,a figure work+ ) a po9t$ *isel on a small oblong block ( gre5 s]p5t9e1 ab\t f\r in*es long by "o wide1 inlaid 9 ! capital4 ,! *isel is1 ( c\rse1 9 ! left h&1 b ! "r is held up op51 ) ! palm outw>ds4 ,second side4 ,a cr[n$ figure1 c>v+ ! image ( a *ild on a small /atue1 ) a gr\nd ( r$ m>ble4 ,! sculptur$ figure is highly f9i%$1 & is 9 type ( head mu* l ! ,ham or ,japhe? at ! ,v9e angle4 ,inscription effac$4 ,?ird side4 ,an old man1 uncr[n$1 b ) curl+ hair1 at "w on a small column1 ) its capital complete1 & a little %aft ( d>k r$ m>ble1 spott$ ) pal] r$4 ,! capital is precisely ( ! =m ( t f\nd 9 ! palace ( ! ,tiepolos & ! o!r ?irte5? c5tury "w ( ,v5ice4 ,?is "o figure w\ld be q en\gh1 )\t any o!r evid5ce :atev]1 to det]m9e ! date ( ?is flank ( ! ,ducal ,palace z n lat]1 at all ev5ts1 ?an ! fir/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,its inscription is brok5 away1 all b ,,disipulo4 ,f\r? side4 ,a cr[n$ figure2 b ! object on :i* x has be5 work+ is brok5 away1 & all ! inscription except ,,/4 ,e7,n87,,z4 ,fif? side4 ,a man ) a turban1 & a %>p *isel1 at "w on a k9d ( panel or ni*e1 ! back ( :i* is ( r$ m>ble4 ,six? side4 ,a cr[n$ figure1 ) hamm] & *isel1 employ$ on a little range ( w9d[s ( ! fif? ord]1 hav+ roses set1 in/ead ( orbicul> ornam5ts1 betwe5 ! sp&rils1 ) a ri* cornice1 & a b& ( m>ble ins]t$ above4 ,?is sculpture assures u ( ! date ( ! fif? ord] w9d[1 :i* x %[s to h be5 univ]sal 9 ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury4 ,!re are also five ar*es 9 ! block on :i* ! sculptor is work+1 m>k+ ! frequ5cy ( ! numb] five 9 ! w9d[ gr\ps ( ! "t4 ,sev5? side4 ,a figure at "w on a pila/]1 ) ,lomb>dic ?irte5? c5tury capital 7= acc\nt ( ! s]ies ( =ms 9 ,v5etian capitals1 see ! f9al ,app5dix ( ! next volume71 ! %aft ( d>k r$ spott$ m>ble4 ,eigh? side4 ,a figure ) a ri* op5 cr[n1 work+ on a delicate recumb5t /atue1 ! head ( :i* is laid on a pill[ cov]$ ) a ri* *equ] patt]n2 ! :ole support$ on a block ( d>k r$ m>ble4 ,inscription brok5 away1 all b ,,/4 ,,sym4 7,symma*us87 ,,tv 99 99 ,,anvs4 ,!re appe>1 !re=e1 altoge!r to h be5 five sa9ts1 two ( !m popes1 if ,simplicius is ! pope ( t "n 7?ree 9 front1 two on ! f\r? & six? sides71 alt]nat+ ) ! ?ree uncr[n$ workm5 9 ! manual labor ( sculpture4 ,i did n1 !re=e1 insult our pres5t ar*itects 9 say+ above t !y ought to "w 9 ! mason's y>d ) _! m54 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d a m int]e/+ expression ( ! devotional _s 9 :i* all great "w 0 und]tak5 at ?is "t4 ,,cxviii4 ,,tw5tie? ,,capital4 ,x is adorn$ ) heads ( animals1 & is ! f9e/ ( ! :ole s]ies 9 ! broad massiv5ess ( its effect2 s simply *>act]i/ic1 inde$1 ( ! gr&eur ( /yle 9 ! entire build+1 t ,i *ose x = ! fir/ ,plate 9 my folio "w4 ,9 spite ( ! /]nness ( its plan1 h[ev]1 x is wr\ght ) great c>e 9 surface detail2 & ! ornam5tal value ( ! m9ute *as+ obta9$ by ! delicate plumage ( ! birds1 & ! clu/]$ bees on ! honeycomb 9 ! be>'s m\?1 oppos$ to ! /rong simplicity ( its g5]al =m1 _c be too mu* admir$4 ,!re are also m grace1 life1 & v>iety 9 ! sprays ( foliage on ea* side ( x1 & "u ! heads1 ?an 9 any o!r capital ( ! s]ies1 ?\gh ! e>l9ess ( ! workman%ip is m>k$ by consid]able h>dness & coldness 9 ! l>g] heads4 ,a ,nor!rn ,go?ic workman1 bett] acqua9t$ ) be>s & wolves ?an x 0 possible to become 9 ,/4 ,m>k's ,place1 w\ld h put f> m life into ^! heads1 b he c\ld n h compos$ !m m skilfully4 ,,cxix4 ,fir/ side4 ,a lion ) a /ag's haun* 9 8 m\?4 ,^? read]s :o h ! folio plate1 %\ld obs]ve ! peculi> way 9 :i* ! e> is cut into ! %ape ( a r+1 jagg$ or furr[$ on ! edge2 an ar*aic mode ( treatm5t peculi>1 9 ! ,ducal ,palace1 to ! lions' heads ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! mom5t we rea* ! ,r5aissance "w1 ! lions' e>s are smoo?4 ,inscrib$ simply1 ,,leo4 ,second side4 ,a wolf ) a dead bird 9 8 m\?1 its body wond]fully true 9 expression ( ! passiv5ess ( dea?4 ,! fea!rs are ea* wr\ght ) a c5tral quill & radiat+ filam5ts4 ,inscrib$ ,,lupus4 ,?ird side4 ,a fox1 n at all l "o1 ) a dead cock 9 8 m\?1 its comb & p5d5t neck admirably design$ s z to fall across ! great angle leaf ( ! capital1 its tail hang+ d[n on ! o!r side1 its long /raight fea!rs exquisitely cut4 ,inscrib$ 7,,vulp87,,is4 ,f\r? side4 ,entirely brok5 away4 ,fif? side4 ,,ap]4 ,well tusk$1 ) a head ( maize 9 8 m\?2 at lea/ ,i suppose x to be maize1 ?\gh %ap$ l a p9e-cone4 ,six? side4 ,,*anis4 ,) a bone1 v ill cut2 & a bald-head$ species ( dog1 ) ugly flap e>s4 ,sev5? side4 ,,muscipulus4 ,) a rat 787 9 8 m\?4 ,eigh? side4 ,,ursus4 ,) a honeycomb1 cov]$ ) l>ge bees4 ,,cxx4 ,,tw5ty-,,fir/ ,,capital4 ,repres5ts ! pr9cipal inf]ior pr(essions4 ,fir/ side4 ,an old man1 ) 8 br[ deeply wr9kl$1 & v expressive features1 beat+ 9 a k9d ( mort> ) a hamm]4 ,inscrib$ ,,lapicida ,,sum4 ,second side4 ,i believe1 a goldsmi?2 he is /rik+ a small flat b[l or pat]a1 on a po9t$ anvil1 ) a light hamm]4 ,! inscription is gone4 ,?ird side4 ,a %oemak] ) a %oe 9 8 h&1 & an in/rum5t = cutt+ lea!r susp5d$ beside him4 ,inscription undeciph]able4 ,f\r? side4 ,mu* brok54 ,a c>p5t] plan+ a beam re/+ on two horizontal logs4 ,inscrib$ ,,c>p5t>ius ,,sum4 ,fif? side4 ,a figure %ovell+ fruit into a tub2 ! latt] v c>efully c>v$ f :at appe>s to h be5 an excell5t piece ( coop]age4 ,two ?9 la?s cross ea* o!r ov] ! top ( x4 ,! inscription1 n[ lo/1 01 accord+ to ,selvatico1 ,,m5surator8 ,six? side4 ,a man1 ) a l>ge hoe1 break+ ! gr\nd1 :i* lies 9 irregul> furr[s & clods be=e him4 ,n[ undeciph]able1 b accord+ to ,selvatico1 ,,agri*ola4 ,sev5? side4 ,a man1 9 a p5d5t cap1 writ+ on a l>ge scroll :i* falls ov] 8 knee4 ,inscrib$ ,,not>ius ,,sum4 ,eigh? side4 ,a man =g+ a sword1 or scy!-blade3 he we>s a l>ge skull-cap2 beats ) a l>ge hamm] on a solid anvil2 & is inscrib$ ,,fab] ,,sum4 ,,cxxi4 ,,tw5ty-,,second ,,capital4 ,! ,ages ( ,man2 & ! influ5ce ( ! planets on human life4 ,fir/ side4 ,! moon1 gov]n+ infancy = f\r ye>s1 accord+ to ,selvatico4 ,i h no note ( ?is side1 hav+1 ,i suppose1 be5 prev5t$ f rais+ ! ladd] aga9/ x by "s fruit-/all or o!r imp$im5t 9 ! regul> c\rse ( my exam9ation2 & !n =gott5 to return to x4 ,second side4 ,a *ild ) a tablet1 & an alphabet inscrib$ on x4 ,! leg5d above is ,,mecureus ,,dnt4 ,,pu]icie ,,pan4 ,x4 ,or1 ,m]curius dom9atur pu]iti p] annos ,x4 7,selvatico reads ,,vii47 ,m]cury gov]ns boyhood = t5 7or sev57 ye>s4 ,?ird side4 ,an old] y\?1 ) ano!r tablet1 b brok54 ,inscrib$ ,,adolosc5cie 99 99 99 ,p4 ,,an4 ,,vii4 ,selvatico misses ?is side altoge!r1 z ,i did ! fir/1 s t ! lo/ planet is irrecov]able1 z ! inscription is n[ defac$4 ,note ! o = e 9 adolesc5tia2 s also we con/antly f9d u = o2 %[+1 toge!r ) mu* o!r inconte/able evid5ce ( ! same k9d1 h[ full & deep ! old pronunciation ( ,lat9 always rema9$1 & h[ ridicul\s our ,engli% m9c+ ( ! v[els w\ld h s\nd$ to a ,roman e>4 ,f\r? side4 ,a y\? ) a hawk on 8 fi/4 ,,iuv5tuti ,,dnt ,,sol4 ,p4 ,,an4 ,,xix4 ,! son gov]ns y\? = n9ete5 ye>s4 ,fif? side4 ,a man sitt+1 helm$1 ) a sword ov] 8 %\ld]4 ,inscrib$ ,,s5ectuti ,,dnt ,,m>s4 ,p4 ,,an4 ,,xv4 ,m>s gov]ns manhood = fifte5 ye>s4 ,six? side4 ,a v graceful & s]5e figure1 9 ! p5d5t cap1 read+4 ,,s5icie ,,dnt ,,jupit]1 ,p4 ,,ann4 ,,xii4 ,jupit] gov]ns age = twelve ye>s4 ,sev5? side4 ,an old man 9 a skull-cap1 pray+4 ,,decrepite ,,dnt ,,satn ,,uqs ,,admote4 7,saturnus usque ad mortem47 ,saturn gov]ns decrepitude until dea?4 ,eigh? side4 ,! dead body ly+ on a mattress4 ,,ultima ,,e/ ,,mors ,,p5a ,,peccati4 ,la/ comes dea?1 ! p5alty ( s94 ,,cxxii4 ,%akspe>e's ,sev5 ,ages are ( c\rse m]ely ! expression ( ?is e>ly & well kn[n sy/em4 ,he has depriv$ ! dotage ( its devotion2 b ,i ?9k wisely1 z ! ,italian sy/em w\ld imply t devotion 01 or %\ld be1 always delay$ until dotage4 ,,tw5ty-,,?ird ,,capital4 ,i agree ) ,selvatico 9 ?9k+ ?is has be5 re/or$4 ,x is decorat$ ) l>ge & vulg> heads4 ,,cxxiii4 ,,tw5ty-,,f\r? ,,capital4 ,?is belongs to ! l>ge %aft :i* su/a9s ! great p>ty wall ( ! ,sala del ,gran ,consiglio4 ,! %aft is ?ick] ?an ! re/2 b ! capital1 ?\gh anci5t1 is co>se & some:at inf]ior 9 design to ! o!rs ( ! s]ies4 ,x repres5ts ! hi/ory ( m>riage3 ! lov] fir/ see+ 8 mi/ress at a w9d[1 !n address+ h]1 br++ h] pres5ts2 !n ! bridal1 ! bir? & ! dea? ( a *ild4 ,b ,i h n be5 able to exam9e ^! sculptures prop]ly1 because ! pill> is encumb]$ by ! rail+ :i* surr\nds ! two guns set be=e ! ,au/rian gu>d-h\se4 ,,cxxiv4 ,,tw5ty-,,fif? ,,capital4 ,we h "h ! employm5ts ( ! mon?s1 ) :i* we are already tol]ably acqua9t$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "o or two v>ieties wor? notic+ 9 ?is s]ies4 ,fir/ side4 ,m>*4 ,sitt+ triumphantly 9 a ri* dress1 z ! beg9n+ ( ! ye>4 ,second side4 ,april & ,may4 ,april ) a lamb3 ,may ) a fea!r fan 9 h] h&4 ,?ird side4 ,june4 ,c>ry+ *]ries 9 a basket4 ,i did n give ?is s]ies ) ! o!rs 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 because ?is repres5tation ( ,june is peculi>ly ,v5etian4 ,x is call$ ! mon? ( *]ries1 mese delle c]iese1 9 ! popul> rhyme on ! conspiracy ( ,tiepolo1 quot$ above1 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! *]ries pr9cipally gr[n ne> ,v5ice are ( a deep r$ color1 & l>ge1 b n ( high flavor1 ?\gh refre%+4 ,!y are c>v$ ^u ! pill> ) great c>e1 all _! /alks und]cut4 ,f\r? side4 ,july & ,augu/4 ,! fir/ reap+2 ! leaves ( ! /raw be+ giv51 %oot+ out f ! tubul> /alk4 ,augu/1 opposite1 beats 7! gra987 9 a basket4 ,fif? side4 ,septemb]4 ,a woman /&+ 9 a w9e-tub1 & hold+ a bran* ( v9e4 ,v beautiful4 ,six? side4 ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,i c\ld n make out _! occupation2 !y seem to be roa/+ or boil+ "s root ov] a fire4 ,sev5? side4 ,decemb]4 ,kill+ pigs1 z usual4 ,eigh? side4 ,janu>y w>m+ 8 feet1 & ,febru>y fry+ fi%4 ,?is la/ employm5t is aga9 z *>act]i/ic ( ! ,v5etian w9t] z ! *]ries are ( ! ,v5etian summ]4 ,! inscriptions are undeciph]able1 except a few lett]s "h & !re1 & ! words ,,m>cius1 ,,aprilis1 & ,,febru>ius4 ,?is is ! la/ ( ! capitals ( ! e>ly palace2 ! next1 or tw5ty-six? capital1 is ! fir/ ( ^? execut$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury "u ,fosc>i2 & h5ce to ! ,judgm5t angle ! travell] has no?+ to d b to comp>e ! base copies ( ! e>li] "w ) _! orig9als1 or to obs]ve ! total want ( inv5tion 9 ! ,r5aissance sculptor1 :]ev] he has dep5d$ on 8 own res\rces4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 always ) ! exception ( ! tw5ty-sev5? & ( ! la/ capital1 :i* are bo? f9e4 ,i %all m]ely enum]ate ! subjects & po9t out ! plagi>isms ( ^! capitals1 z !y are n wor? description4 ,,cxxv4 ,,tw5ty-,,six? ,,capital4 ,copi$ f ! fifte5?1 m]ely *ang+ ! succession ( ! figures4 ,,tw5ty-,,sev5? ,,capital4 ,i ?9k x possible t ?is may be "p ( ! old "w displac$ 9 jo9+ ! new palace ) ! old2 at all ev5ts1 x is well design$1 ?\gh a little co>se4 ,x repres5ts eight diff]5t k9ds ( fruit1 ea* 9 a basket2 ! *>act]s well giv51 & gr\ps well arrang$1 b )\t mu* c>e or f9i%4 ,! names are inscrib$ above1 ?\gh some:at unnecess>ily1 & ) c]ta9ly z mu* disrespect to ! behold]'s intellig5ce z ! sculptor's art1 namely1 ,,z]exis1 ,,piri1 ,,*ucum]is1 ,,p]sici1 ,,zu*e1 ,,moloni1 ,,fici1 ,,huva4 ,z]exis 7*]ries7 & ,zu*e 7g\rds7 bo? beg9 ) ! same lett]1 :e!r meant = z1 s1 or c ,i am n sure4 ,! ,zu*e are ! common g\rds1 divid$ into two protub]ances1 "o l>g] ?an ! o!r1 l a bottle compres$ ne> ! neck2 & ! ,moloni are ! long wat]-melons1 :i*1 roa/$1 =m a /aple food ( ! ,v5etians to ?is day4 ,,cxxvi4 ,,tw5ty-,,eigh? ,,capital4 ,copi$ f ! sev5?4 ,,tw5ty-,,n9? ,,capital4 ,copi$ f ! n9?4 ,,?irtie? ,,capital4 ,copi$ f ! t5?4 ,! ,accidia is noticeable z hav+ ! inscription complete1 ,,accidia ,,me ,,/r+it2 & ! ,luxuria = its utt] want ( expression1 hav+ a sev]e & calm face1 a robe up to ! neck1 & h] h& ^u h] brea/4 ,! inscription is also diff]5t3 ,,luxuria ,,sum ,,/]c,s 787 ,,inf]i 7874 ,,?irty-,,fir/ ,,capital4 ,copi$ f ! eigh?4 ,,?irty-,,second ,,capital4 ,has no inscription1 only fully rob$ figures lay+ _! h&s1 )\t any mean+1 on _! own %\ld]s1 heads1 or *9s1 or on ! leaves ar\nd !m4 ,,?irty-,,?ird ,,capital4 ,copi$ f ! twelf?4 ,,?irty-,,f\r? ,,capital4 ,copi$ f ! elev5?4 ,,?irty-,,fif? ,,capital4 ,has *ildr51 ) birds or fruit1 pretty 9 features1 & utt]ly inexpressive1 l ! *]ubs ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,,cxxvii4 ,,?irty-,,six? ,,capital4 ,?is is ! la/ ( ! ,piazzetta faade1 ! elaborate "o "u ! ,judgm5t angle4 ,its foliage is copi$ f ! eighte5? at ! opposite side1 ) an endeavor on ! "p ( ! ,r5aissance sculptor to ref9e ^u x1 by :i* he has m]ely lo/ "s ( its tru? & =ce4 ,?is capital w1 h[ev]1 be always ?\ght1 at fir/1 ! mo/ beautiful ( ! :ole s]ies3 & inde$ x is v noble2 its gr\ps ( figures mo/ c>efully /udi$1 v graceful1 & mu* m pleas+ ?an ^? ( ! e>li] "w1 ?\gh ) less real p[] 9 !m2 & its foliage is only inf]ior to t ( ! magnific5t ,fig-tree angle4 ,x repres5ts1 on its front or fir/ side1 ,ju/ice en?ron$1 seat$ on two lions2 & on ! sev5 o!r sides examples ( acts ( ju/ice or good gov]nm5t1 or figures ( lawgiv]s1 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,second side4 ,ari/otle1 ) two pupils1 giv+ laws4 ,inscrib$3 ,,ari/ot 99 99 ,,*e ,,die ,,lege4 ,ari/otle :o decl>es laws4 ,?ird side4 ,i h mislaid my note ( ?is side3 ,selvatico & ,laz>i call x ,isidore 7874#aeh ,f\r? side4 ,solon ) 8 pupils4 ,inscrib$3 ,,sal,o ,,uno ,,dei ,,sete ,,savi ,,di ,,grecia ,,*e ,,die ,,lege4 ,solon1 "o ( ! sev5 sages ( ,greece1 :o decl>es laws4 ,note1 by ! by1 ! pure ,v5etian dialect us$ 9 ?is capital1 in/ead ( ! ,lat9 9 ! m anci5t ones4 ,"o ( ! seat$ pupils 9 ?is sculpture is rem>kably beautiful 9 ! sweep ( 8 fl[+ drap]y4 ,fif? side4 ,! *a/ity ( ,scipio4 ,inscrib$3 ,,isipione ,a ,,*a/ita ,,* 99 99 99 ,e ,,la ,,fia 7e la figlia87 99 99 ,,are4 ,a soldi] 9 a plum$ bonnet pres5ts a kneel+ maid5 to ! seat$ ,scipio1 :o turns ?\ghtfully away4 ,six? side4 ,numa ,pompilius build+ *ur*es4 ,,numa ,,pompilio ,,imp]ador ,,edifi*ador ,,di ,,tempi ,e ,,*iese4 ,numa1 9 a k9d ( hat ) a cr[n above x1 direct+ a soldi] 9 ,roman armor 7note ?is1 z contra/$ ) ! mail ( ! e>li] capitals74 ,!y po9t to a t[] ( ?ree /ories fill$ ) trac]y4 ,sev5? side4 ,moses receiv+ ! law4 ,inscrib$3 ,,qu&o ,,mose ,,receve ,,la ,,lege ,i ,,sul ,,monte4 ,moses kneels on a rock1 :5ce spr+s a beautifully fanci$ tree1 ) clu/]s ( ?ree b]ries 9 ! c5tre ( ?ree leaves1 %>p & qua9t1 l f9e ,nor!rn ,go?ic4 ,! half figure ( ! ,deity comes out ( ! abacus1 ! arm meet+ t ( ,moses1 bo? at full /ret*1 ) ! /one tablets betwe54 ,eigh? side4 ,trajan do+ ju/ice to ! ,wid[4 ,,trajano ,,imp]ador ,,*e ,,fa ,,ju/itia ,a ,,la ,,v$ova4 ,he is rid+ spirit$ly1 8 mantle bl[n out beh9d3 ! wid[ kneel+ be=e 8 horse4 ,,cxxviii4 ,! read] w obs]ve t ?is capital is ( peculi> int]e/ 9 its relation to ! mu* disput$ "q ( ! "* ( ! lat] gov]nm5t ( ,v5ice4 ,x is ! ass]tion by t gov]nm5t ( its belief t ,ju/ice only c\ld be ! f\ndation ( its /ability2 z ^! /ones ( ,ju/ice & ,judgm5t are ! f\ndation ( its halls ( c\ncil4 ,& ?is pr(ession ( _! fai? may be int]pret$ 9 two ways4 ,mo/ mod]n hi/orians w\ld call x1 9 common ) ! cont9ual ref]5ce to ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice 9 ! political & judicial language ( ! p]iod1#aei no?+ m ?an a cloak = consummate viol5ce & guilt2 & x may easily be prov$ to h be5 s 9 myriads ( in/ances4 ,b 9 ! ma91 ,i believe ! expression ( feel+ to be g5u9e4 ,i d n believe1 ( ! majority ( ! lead+ ,v5etians ( ?is p]iod ^: portraits h come d[n to u1 t !y 7 delib]ately & ev]la/+ly hypocrites4 ,i see no hypocrisy 9 _! c\nt5ances4 ,mu* capacity ( x1 mu* subtlety1 mu* natural & acquir$ res]ve2 b no meanness4 ,on ! contr>y1 inf9ite gr&eur1 repose1 c\rage1 & ! peculi> unity & tranquillity ( expression :i* come ( s9c]ity or :ol5ess ( he>t1 & :i* x w\ld take mu* demon/ration to make me believe c\ld by any possibility be se5 on ! c\nt5ance ( an ins9c]e man4 ,i tru/1 !re=e1 t ^! ,v5etian nobles ( ! fifte5? c5tury did1 9 ! ma91 desire to d judgm5t & ju/ice to all m52 b1 z ! :ole sy/em ( morality _h be5 by ?is "t und]m9$ by ! tea*+ ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*1 ! idea ( ju/ice _h become sep>at$ f t ( tru?1 s t dissimulation 9 ! int]e/ ( ! /ate assum$ ! aspect ( duty4 ,we _h1 p]haps1 bett] consid]1 ) "s c>efulness1 ! mode 9 :i* our own gov]nm5t is c>ri$ on1 & ! occasional diff]5ce betwe5 p>liam5t>y & private morality1 be=e we judge m]cilessly ( ! ,v5etians 9 ?is respect4 ,! secrecy ) :i* _! political & crim9al trials 7 conduct$1 appe>s to mod]n eyes l a confession ( s9i/] int5tions2 b may x n also be consid]$1 & ) m probability1 z ! result ( an endeavor to d ju/ice 9 an age ( viol5ce8--! only means by :i* ,law c\ld e/abli% its foot+ 9 ! mid/ ( feudalism4 ,might n ,iri% juries at ?is day ju/ifiably desire to conduct _! proce$+s ) "s great] approximation to ! judicial pr9ciples ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,t58 ,f9ally1 if we exam9e1 ) critical accuracy1 ! evid5ce on :i* our pres5t impressions ( ,v5etian gov]nm5t are f\nd$1 we %all discov]1 9 ! fir/ place1 t two-?irds ( ! traditions ( its cruelties are romantic fables3 9 ! second1 t ! crimes ( :i* x c be prov$ to h be5 guilty1 diff] only f ^? committ$ by ! o!r ,italian p[]s 9 be+ done less wantonly1 & "u pr(\nd] conviction ( _! political exp$i5cy3 & la/ly1 t ! f9al degradation ( ! ,v5etian p[] appe>s ow+ n s mu* to ! pr9ciples ( its gov]nm5t1 z to _! be+ =gott5 9 ! pursuit ( pleasure4 ,,cxxix4 ,we h n[ exam9$ ! portions ( ! palace :i* conta9 ! pr9cipal evid5ce ( ! feel+ ( its build]s4 ,! capitals ( ! upp] arcade are exce$+ly v>i\s 9 _! "*2 _! design is =m$1 z 9 ! l[] s]ies1 ( eight leaves1 ?r[n into volutes at ! angles1 & su/a9+ figures at ! flanks2 b ^! figures h no inscriptions1 & ?\gh evid5tly n )\t mean+1 _c be int]pret$ )\t m k ?an ,i possess ( anci5t symbolism4 ,_m ( ! capitals t[>d ! ,sea appe> to h be5 re/or$1 & to be rude copies ( ! anci5t ones2 o!rs1 ?\gh app>5tly orig9al1 h be5 some:at c>elessly wr\ght2 b ^? ( !m1 :i* are bo? g5u9e & c>efully treat$1 are ev5 f9] 9 composition ?an any1 except ! eighte5?1 9 ! l[] arcade4 ,! travell] 9 ,v5ice ought to asc5d into ! corridor1 & exam9e ) great c>e ! s]ies ( capitals :i* ext5d on ! ,piazzetta side f ! ,fig-tree angle to ! pila/] :i* c>ries ! p>ty wall ( ! ,sala del ,gran ,consiglio4 ,z examples ( graceful composition 9 massy capitals meant = h>d s]vice & di/ant effect1 ^! are among ! f9e/ ?+s ,i "k 9 ,go?ic art2 & t above ! fig-tree is rem>kable = its sculptures ( ! f\r w9ds2 ea* on ! side turn$ t[>ds ! w9d repres5t$4 ,levante1 ! ea/ w9d2 a figure ) rays r\nd its head1 to %[ t x is always cle> wea!r :5 t w9d bl[s1 rais+ ! sun out ( ! sea3 ,hotro1 ! s\? w9d2 cr[n$1 hold+ ! sun 9 its "r h&2 ,pon5te1 ! we/ w9d2 plung+ ! sun into ! sea3 & ,tramontana1 ! nor? w9d2 look+ up at ! nor? />4 ,?is capital %\ld be c>efully exam9$1 if = no o!r reason ?an to atta* great] di/9ctness ( idea to ! magnific5t v]biage ( ,milton3 ,?w>t ( ^!1 z fi]ce1 ,=? ru% ! ,levant & ! ,pon5t w9ds1 ,eurus1 & ,zephyr2 ) _! lat]al noise1 ,sirocco & ,libec*io4 ,i may also especially po9t out ! bird fe$+ its ?ree "y ones on ! sev5? pill> on ! ,piazzetta side2 b !re is no end to ! fantasy ( ^! sculptures2 & ! travell] ought to obs]ve !m all c>efully1 until he comes to ! great ,pila/] or complicat$ pi] :i* su/a9s ! p>ty wall ( ! ,sala del ,consiglio2 t is to say1 ! =ty-sev5? capital ( ! :ole s]ies1 c\nt+ f ! pila/] ( ! ,v9e angle inclusive1 z 9 ! s]ies ( ! l[] arcade4 ,! =ty-eigh?1 =ty-n9?1 & fiftie? are bad "w1 b !y are old2 ! fifty-fir/ is ! fir/ ,r5aissance capital ( ! upp] arcade3 ! fir/ new lion's head ) smoo? e>s1 cut 9 ! "t ( ,fosc>i1 is ov] ! fiftie? capital2 & t capital1 ) its %aft1 /&s on ! apex ( ! eigh? ar* f ! ,sea1 on ! ,piazzetta side1 ( :i* "o sp&ril is masonry ( ! f\rte5? & ! o!r ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,,cxxx4 ,! read] :o is n able to exam9e ! build+ on ! spot may be surpris$ at ! def9it5ess ) :i* ! po9t ( junction is asc]ta9able2 b a glance at ! l[e/ range ( leaves 9 ! opposite ,plate 7,,xx47 w enable him to judge ( ! gr\nds on :i* ! above /atem5t is made4 ,fig4 #ab is a clu/] ( leaves f ! capital ( ! ,f\r ,w9ds2 e>ly "w ( ! f9e/ "t4 ,fig4 #ac is a leaf f ! great ,r5aissance capital at ! ,judgm5t angle1 work$ 9 imitation ( ! old] leafage4 ,fig4 #ad is a leaf f "o ( ! ,r5aissance capitals ( ! upp] arcade1 :i* are all work$ 9 ! natural mann] ( ! p]iod4 ,x w be se5 t x requires no great +5uity to di/+ui% betwe5 su* design z t ( fig4 #ab & t ( fig4 #ad4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,xx4 ,,leafage ,,( ,,! ,,v5etian ,,capitals4 ,,cxxxi4 ,x is v possible t ! read] may at fir/ l fig4 #ad ! be/4 ,i %all endeavor1 9 ! next *apt]1 to %[ :y he %\ld n2 b x mu/ also be not$1 t fig4 #ab has lo/1 & fig4 #ad ga9$1 bo? l>gely1 "u ! h&s ( ! engrav]4 ,all ! bluntness & co>s5ess ( feel+ 9 ! workman%ip ( fig4 #ad h disappe>$ on ?is small scale1 & all ! subtle ref9em5ts 9 ! broad masses ( fig4 #ab h vani%$4 ,!y c\ld n1 inde$1 be r5d]$ 9 l9e engrav+1 unless by ! h& ( ,alb]t ,dur]2 & ,i h1 !re=e1 ab&on$1 = ! pres5t1 all endeavor to repres5t any m important mass ( ! e>ly sculpture ( ! ,ducal ,palace3 b ,i tru/ t1 9 a few mon?s1 ca/s ( _m portions w be )9 ! rea* ( ! inhabitants ( ,london1 & t !y w be able to judge = !mselves ( _! p]fect1 pure1 unlabor$ naturalism2 ! fre%ness1 ela/icity1 & s(tness ( _! leafage1 unit$ ) ! mo/ noble symmetry & sev]e res]ve1--no runn+ to wa/e1 no loose or exp]im5tal l9es1 no extravagance1 & no weakness4 ,_! design is always /]nly ar*itectural2 !re is none ( ! wildness or r$undance ( natural vegetation1 b !re is all ! /r5g?1 fre$om1 & toss+ fl[ ( ! brea?+ leaves1 & all ! undulation ( _! surfaces1 rippl$1 z !y grew1 by ! summ] w9ds1 z ! s&s are by ! sea4 ,,cxxxii4 ,?is e>ly sculpture ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 !n1 repres5ts ! /ate ( ,go?ic "w 9 ,v5ice at its c5tral & pr\de/ p]iod1 i4e4 circa #acej4 ,aft] ?is "t1 all is decl9e1--( :at nature & by :at /eps1 we %all inquire 9 ! ensu+ *apt]2 = z ?is inve/igation1 ?\gh /ill ref]r+ to ,go?ic ar*itecture1 introduces u to ! fir/ symptoms ( ! ,r5aissance influ5ce1 ,i h consid]$ x z prop]ly belong+ to ! ?ird division ( our subject4 ,,cxxxiii4 ,& z1 "u ! %ad[ ( ^! nodd+ leaves1 we bid f>ewell to ! great ,go?ic _s1 "h also we may cease our exam9ation ( ! details ( ! ,ducal ,palace2 = above its upp] arcade !re are only ! f\r trac]i$ w9d[s1#afj & "o or two ( ! ?ird ord] on ! ,rio ,faade1 :i* c be dep5d$ ^u z exhibit+ ! orig9al workman%ip ( ! old] palace4 ,i exam9$ ! capitals ( ! f\r o!r w9d[s on ! faade1 & ( ^? on ! ,piazzetta1 "o by "o1 ) great c>e1 & ,i f\nd !m all to be ( f> inf]ior workman%ip to ^? :i* reta9 _! trac]ies3 ,i believe ! /one framework ( ^! w9d[s mu/ h be5 s crack$ & injur$ by ! flames ( ! great fire1 z to r5d] x necess>y to replace x by new trac]ies2 & t ! pres5t m\ld+s & capitals are base imitations ( ! orig9al ones4 ,! trac]ies 7 at fir/1 h[ev]1 re/or$ 9 _! complete =m1 z ! holes = ! bolts :i* fa/5$ ! bases ( _! %afts are /ill to be se5 9 ! w9d[-sills1 z well z ! m>ks ( ! inn] m\ld+s on ! s(fits4 ,h[ mu* ! /one fac+ ( ! faade1 ! p>apets1 & ! %afts & ni*es ( ! angles1 reta9 ( _! orig9al masonry1 x is also impossible to det]m9e2 b !re is no?+ 9 ! workman%ip ( any ( !m dem&+ especial notice2 /ill less 9 ! l>ge c5tral w9d[s on ea* faade1 :i* are entirely ( ,r5aissance execution4 ,all t is admirable 9 ^! portions ( ! build+ is ! disposition ( _! v>i\s p>ts & masses1 :i* is )\t d\bt ! same z 9 ! orig9al fabric1 & calculat$1 :5 se5 f a di/ance1 to produce ! same impression4 ,,cxxxiv4 ,n s 9 ! int]ior4 ,all ve/ige ( ! e>li] modes ( decoration 0 "h1 ( c\rse1 de/roy$ by ! fires2 & ! sev]e & religi\s "w ( ,gu>i5to & ,bell9i has be5 replac$ by ! wildness ( ,t9toret & ! luxury ( ,v]onese4 ,b 9 ?is case1 ?\gh widely diff]5t 9 temp]1 ! art ( ! r5ewal 0 at lea/ intellectually z great z t :i* _h p]i%$3 & ?\gh ! halls ( ! ,ducal ,palace are no m repres5tative ( ! "* ( ! m5 by :om x 0 built1 ea* ( !m is /ill a colossal casket ( priceless treasure2 a treasure ^: safety has till n[ dep5d$ on its be+ despis$1 & :i* at ?is mom5t1 & z ,i write1 is piece by piece be+ de/roy$ = ev]4 ,,cxxxv4 ,! read] w =give my quitt+ our m imm$iate subject1 9 ord] briefly to expla9 ! causes & ! nature ( ?is de/ruction2 = ! matt] is simply ! mo/ important ( all t c be br\ght "u our pres5t consid]ation respect+ ! /ate ( art 9 ,europe4 ,! fact is1 t ! great] numb] ( p]sons or societies ?r\gh\t ,europe1 :om weal?1 or *ance1 or inh]itance has put 9 possession ( valuable pictures1 d n "k a good picture f a bad "o1#afa & h no idea 9 :at ! value ( a picture really consi/s4 ,! reputation ( c]ta9 works is rais$1 p>tly by accid5t1 p>tly by ! j te/imony ( arti/s1 p>tly by ! v>i\s & g5]ally bad ta/e ( ! public 7no picture1 t ,i "k (1 has ev]1 9 mod]n times1 atta9$ popul>ity1 9 ! full s5se ( ! t]m1 )\t hav+ "s exce$+ly bad qualities m+l$ ) its good ones71 & :5 ?is reputation has once be5 completely e/abli%$1 x little matt]s to :at /ate ! picture may be r$uc$3 few m9ds are s completely devoid ( imag9ation z to be unable to inve/ x ) ! beauties :i* !y h he>d attribut$ to x4 ,,cxxxvi4 ,?is be+ s1 ! pictures t are mo/ valu$ are = ! mo/ "p ^? by ma/]s ( e/abli%$ r5[n1 :i* are highly or neatly f9i%$1 & ( a size small en\gh to admit ( _! be+ plac$ 9 gall]ies or saloons1 s z to be made subjects ( o/5tation1 & to be easily se5 by a cr[d4 ,= ! support ( ! fame & value ( su* pictures1 little m is necess>y ?an t !y %\ld be kept bright1 p>tly by clean+1 :i* is incipi5t de/ruction1 & p>tly by :at is call$ re/or+1 t is1 pa9t+ ov]1 :i* is ( c\rse total de/ruction4 ,ne>ly all ! gall]y pictures 9 mod]n ,europe h be5 m or less de/roy$ by "o or o!r ( ^! op]ations1 g5]ally exactly 9 proportion to ! e/imation 9 :i* !y are held2 & z1 orig9ally1 ! small] & m highly f9i%$ works ( any great ma/] are usually 8 wor/1 ! cont5ts ( _m ( our mo/ celebrat$ gall]ies are by ?is "t1 9 reality1 ( v small value inde$4 ,,cxxxvii4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! mo/ preci\s works ( any noble pa9t] are usually ^? :i* h be5 done quickly1 & 9 ! heat ( ! fir/ ?\ght1 on a l>ge scale1 = places :]e !re 0 little likelihood ( _! be+ well se51 or = patrons f :om !re 0 little prospect ( ri* remun]ation4 ,9 g5]al1 ! be/ ?+s are done 9 ?is way1 or else 9 ! en?usiasm & pride ( accompli%+ "s great purpose1 su* z pa9t+ a ca!dral or a camposanto f "o end to ! o!r1 especially :5 ! "t has be5 %ort1 & circum/ances disadvantage\s4 ,,cxxxviii4 ,works ?us execut$ are ( c\rse despis$1 on acc\nt ( _! quantity1 z well z _! frequ5t slightness1 9 ! places :]e !y exi/2 & !y are too l>ge to be portable1 & too va/ & compreh5sive to be read on ! spot1 9 ! ha/y temp] ( ! pres5t age4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 almo/ univ]sally neglect$1 :itewa%$ by cu/odes1 %ot at by soldi]s1 suff]$ to drop f ! walls piecemeal 9 p[d] & rags by society 9 g5]al2 b1 :i* is an advantage m ?an c\nt]balanc+ all ?is evil1 !y are n (t5 re/or$4 ,:at is left ( !m1 h[ev] fragm5t>y1 h[ev] ru9\s1 h[ev] obscur$ & defil$1 is almo/ always ! real ?+2 !re are no fre% read+s3 & !re=e ! greate/ treasures ( art :i* ,europe at ?is mom5t possesses are pieces ( old pla/] on ru9\s brick walls1 :]e ! liz>ds burr[ & bask1 & :i* few o!r liv+ creatures ev] approa*2 & torn %eets ( dim canvas1 9 wa/e corn]s ( *ur*es2 & mildew$ /a9s1 9 ! %ape ( human figures1 on ! walls ( d>k *amb]s1 :i* n[ & !n an explor+ travell] causes to be unlock$ by _! tott]+ cu/ode1 looks ha/ily r\nd1 & retreats f 9 a we>y satisfaction at 8 accompli%$ duty4 ,,cxxxix4 ,_m ( ! pictures on ! ceil+s & walls ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 by ,paul ,v]onese & ,t9toret1 h be5 m or less r$uc$1 by neglect1 to ?is condition4 ,un=tunately !y are n altoge!r )\t reputation1 & _! /ate has drawn ! att5tion ( ! ,v5etian au?orities & academicians4 ,x con/antly happ5s1 t public bodies :o w n pay five p\nds to pres]ve a picture1 w pay fifty to repa9t x3#afb & :5 ,i 0 at ,v5ice 9 #ahdf1 !re 7 two rem$ial op]ations c>ry+ on1 at "o & ! same "t1 9 ! two build+s :i* conta9 ! pictures ( greate/ value 9 ! city 7z pieces ( color1 ( greate/ value 9 ! _w71 curi\sly illu/rative ( ?is peculi>ity 9 human nature4 ,buckets 7 set on ! floor ( ! ,scuola di ,san ,rocco1 9 e %[]1 to cat* ! ra9 :i* came ?r\gh ! pictures ( ,t9toret on ! ceil+2 :ile 9 ! ,ducal ,palace1 ^? ( ,paul ,v]onese 7 !mselves laid on ! floor to be repa9t$2 & ,i 0 myself pres5t at ! re-illum9ation ( ! brea/ ( a :ite horse1 ) a bru%1 at ! end ( a /ick five feet long1 luxuri\sly dipp$ 9 a common h\se-pa9t]'s vessel ( pa9t4 ,?is 01 ( c\rse1 a l>ge picture4 ,! process has already be5 cont9u$ 9 an equally de/ructive1 ?\gh some:at m delicate mann]1 ov] ! :ole ( ! humbl] canvases on ! ceil+ ( ! ,sala del ,gran ,consiglio2 & ,i he>d x ?reat5$ :5 ,i 0 la/ 9 ,v5ice 7#ahea-b7 to ! ,p>adise at its extremity1 :i* is yet 9 tol]able condition1--! l>ge/ "w ( ,t9toret1 & ! mo/ wond]ful piece ( pure1 manly1 & ma/]ly oil-pa9t+ 9 ! _w4 ,,cxl4 ,i leave ^! facts to ! consid]ation ( ! ,european patrons ( art4 ,tw5ty ye>s h5ce !y w be ackn[l$g$ & regrett$2 at pres5t1 ,i am well aw>e1 t x is ( little use to br+ !m =w>d1 except only to expla9 ! pres5t impossibility ( /at+ :at pictures are1 & :at 71 9 ! int]ior ( ! ,ducal ,palace4 ,i c only say1 t 9 ! w9t] ( #ahea1 ! ,p>adise ( ,t9toret 0 /ill comp>atively un9jur$1 & t ! ,cam]a di ,collegio1 & its ante*amb]1 & ! ,sala de' ,pregadi 7 full ( pictures by ,v]onese & ,t9toret1 t made _! walls z preci\s z s _m k+doms2 s preci\s inde$1 & s full ( maje/y1 t sometimes :5 walk+ at ev5+ on ! ,lido1 :5ce ! great *a9 ( ! ,alps1 cre/$ ) silv] cl\ds1 might be se5 ris+ above ! front ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 ,i us$ to feel z mu* awe 9 gaz+ on ! build+ z on ! hills1 & c\ld believe t ,god _h done a great] "w 9 brea?+ into ! n>r[ness ( du/ ! mighty spirits by :om its haughty walls _h be5 rais$1 & its burn+ leg5ds writt51 ?an 9 lift+ ! rocks ( granite high] ?an ! cl\ds ( heav51 & veil+ !m ) _! v>i\s mantle ( purple fl[] & %ad[y p9e4 ,,footnotes #ii ,! read] w f9d x conv5i5t to note ! foll[+ editions ( ! pr9t$ books :i* h be5 pr9cipally consult$ 9 ! foll[+ inquiry4 ,! numb]s ( ! manuscripts ref]r$ to 9 ! ,m>cian ,libr>y are giv5 ) ! quotations4 ,sansov9o4 ,v5etia ,descritta4 #dto1 ,v5ice1 #affc4 ,sansov9o4 ,lett]a intorno al ,palazzo ,ducale4 #hvo1 ,v5ice1 #ahbi4 ,temanza4 ,antica ,pianta di ,v5ezia1 ) text4 ,v5ice1 #aghj4 ,cador94 ,p>]i di ,,xv4 ,ar*itetti4 #hvo1 ,v5ice1 #ahch4 ,filiasi4 ,memorie /ori*e4 #hvo1 ,padua1 #ahaa4 ,bettio4 ,lett]a discorsiva del ,palazzo ,ducale4 #hvo1 ,v5ice1 #ahcg4 ,selvatico4 ,ar*itettura di ,v5ezia4 #hvo1 ,v5ice1 #ahdg4 #ajj ,! ye> commonly giv5 is #haj1 z 9 ! ,sav9a ,*ronicle 7,cod4 ,m>cianus71 p4 #ac4 ,del #haj fece pr9cipi> el pallazzo ,ducal nel luogo ditto ,bruolo 9 conf9 di ,s4 ,mois1 et fece ri$ific> la isola di ,eraclia4 ,! ,sagorn9 ,*ronicle gives #hjd2 & ,filiasi1 vol4 vi4 *ap4 #a1 corrects ?is date to #hac4 #aja ,ampli la citt1 =nilla di casam5ti1 e p] il culto d' ,iddio e l' amm9i/razione della giu/izia eresse la cappella di ,s4 ,m>co1 e il palazzo di sua resid5za4--,p>]i1 p4 #abj4 ,obs]ve1 t piety t[>ds ,god1 & ju/ice t[>ds man1 h be5 at lea/ ! nom9al purposes ( e act & in/itution ( anci5t ,v5ice4 ,comp>e also ,temanza1 p4 #bd4 ,quello *e abbiamo di c]to si *e il suddetto ,agnello lo incom9ci da fondam5ti1 e co/ pure la cappella ducale di ,s4 ,m>co4 #ajb ,:at ,i call ! ,sea1 0 call$ ! ,gr& ,canal by ! ,v5etians1 z well z ! great wat] /reet ( ! city2 b ,i pref] call+ x ! ,sea1 9 ord] to di/+ui% betwe5 t /reet & ! broad wat] 9 front ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 :i*1 int]rupt$ only by ! isl& ( ,san ,giorgio1 /ret*es = _m miles to ! s\?1 & = m ?an two to ! b\nd>y ( ! ,lido4 ,x 0 ! deep] *annel1 j 9 front ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 cont9u+ ! l9e ( ! great wat] /reet itself :i* ! ,v5etians spoke ( z ! ,gr& ,canal4 ,! words ( ,sansov9o are3 ,fu com9ciato dove si v$e1 vic9o al ponte della paglia1 et rispond5te sul canal gr&e4 ,filiasi says simply3 ,! palace 0 built :]e x n[ is4 ,il palazio fu fatto dove ora pure esi/e4--,vol4 iii4 *ap4 #bg4 ,! ,sav9a ,*ronicle1 already quot$1 says3 ,9 ! place call$ ! ,bruolo 7or ,broglio71 t is to say1 on ! ,piazzetta4 #ajc ,omni decoritate illius p]lu/rata4--,sagorn9o1 quot$ by ,cador9 & ,temanza4 #ajd ,!re is an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ?is revolt 9 ,monaci1 p4 #fh4 ,"s hi/orians speak ( ! palace z hav+ be5 de/roy$ entirely2 b1 t x did n ev5 ne$ important re/orations1 appe>s f ,sagorn9o's expression1 quot$ by ,cador9 & ,temanza4 ,speak+ ( ! ,doge ,p>ticipazio1 he says3 ,qui ,palatii hucusque man5tis fu]it fabricator4 ,! rep>ations ( ! palace are usually attribut$ to ! successor ( ,c&iano1 ,pietro ,orseolo ,i42 b ! leg5d1 "u ! picture ( t ,doge 9 ! ,c\ncil ,*amb]1 speaks only ( 8 rebuild+ ,/4 ,m>k's1 & p]=m+ _m miracles4 ,8 :ole m9d seems to h be5 occupi$ ) ecclesia/ical affairs2 & 8 piety 0 f9ally manife/$ 9 a way some:at />tl+ to ! /ate1 by 8 abscond+ ) a ,fr5* prie/ to ,/4 ,mi*ael's1 9 ,gascony1 & !re becom+ a monk4 ,:at repairs1 !re=e1 7 necess>y to ! ,ducal ,palace1 7 left to be und]tak5 by 8 son1 ,orseolo ,,ii41 above nam$4 #aje ,quam non modo m>moreo1 v]um aureo compsit ornam5to4--,temanza1 p4 #be4 #ajf ,l'anno #aajf1 uscito fuoco d'una casa privata1 arse p>te del palazzo4--,sansov9o4 ,( ! b5eficial effect ( ^! fires1 vide ,cador91 p4 #aba1 #abc4 #ajg ,urbis situm1 dificiorum decorem1 et regim9is quitatem multiplicit] comm5davit4--,cronaca ,d&olo1 quot$ by ,cador94 #ajh ,non solam5te r9ov il palazzo1 ma lo aggr& p] ogni v]so4--,sansov9o4 ,zanotto quotes ! ,alt9at ,*ronicle = acc\nt ( ^! repairs4 #aji ,el palazzo *e anco di mezzo se v$e vec*io1 p] ,m4 ,seba/ian ,ziani fu fatto compir1 come el se v$e4--,*ronicle ( ,pietro ,dolf9o1 ,cod4 ,v54 p4 #dg4 ,?is ,*ronicle is spok5 ( by ,sansov9o z molto p>ticol>e e di/9ta4--,sansov9o1 ,v5ezia descritta1 p4 #eic4--;,x t]m9ates 9 ! ye> #adbb4 #aaj ,see ,vol4 ,i4 ,app5dix #c4 #aaa ,vide ,sansov9o's enum]ation ( ^? :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! reign ( ,grad5igo1 p4 #efd4 #aab ,sansov9o1 #cbd1 #a4 #aac #acja fu presa p>te di f>e una sala gr&e p] la riduzione del gran consiglio1 e fu fatta quella *e ora si *iama dello ,scrut9io4--,cronaca ,sivos1 quot$ by ,cador94 ,!re is ano!r mo/ int]e/+ entry 9 ! ,*ronicle ( ,magno1 relat+ to ?is ev5t2 b ! passage is s ill writt51 t ,i am n sure if ,i h deciph]$ x correctly3--,del #acja fu preso de fabri*> la sala fo ru9a e fu fata 7fatta7 quella se adop]ava a f> el pregadi e fu adop]a p] f> el ,gran ,consegio f9 #adbc1 *e fu anni #abb4 ,?is la/ s5t5ce1 :i* is ( great importance1 is luckily unmi/akable3--,! room 0 us$ = ! meet+s ( ! ,great ,c\ncil until #adbc1 t is to say1 = #abb ye>s4--,cod4 ,v54 tom4 i4 p4 #abf4 ,! ,*ronicle ext5ds f #abec to #aded4 #aad ,vi era appresso la ,cancell>ia1 e la ,gheba o ,gabbia1 *iamata poi ,torresella4--,p4 #cbd4 ,a small squ>e t[] is se5 above ! ,v9e angle 9 ! view ( ,v5ice dat$ #aejj1 & attribut$ to ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,x appe>s ab\t #be feet squ>e1 & is v probably ! ,torresella 9 "q4 #aae ,vide ,bettio1 ,lett]a1 p4 #bc4 #aaf ,bettio1 ,lett]a1 p4 #bj4 ,^? :o wrote )\t hav+ se5 !m describ$ !m z cov]$ ) lead2 & ^? :o h se5 !m "k t1 betwe5 _! flat timb] ro(s & ! slop+ lead5 ro( ( ! palace1 ! int]val is five metres :]e x is lea/1 & n9e :]e x is greate/4 #aag ,que/o ,dose an*e fese f> la porta gr&a *e se al intr> del ,pallazzo1 9 su la qual vi e la sua /atua *e /a 9 z5oc*ioni con lo confalon 9 man1 davanti li pie de lo ,lion ,s4 ,m>co1--,sav9 ,*ronicle1 ,cod4 ,v54 p4 #abj4 #aah ,^! docum5ts ,i h n exam9$ myself1 be+ satisfi$ ( ! accuracy ( ,cador91 f :om ,i take ! passages quot$4 #aai ,libras tres1 soldos #ae grossorum4--,cador91 #ahi1 #a4 #abj ,cod4 ,v541 ,no4 ,,cxli4 p4 #cfe4 #aba ,sansov9o is m explicit ?an usual 9 8 ref]5ce to ?is decree3 ,= x hav+ appe>$ t ! place 7! fir/ ,c\ncil ,*amb]7 0 n capaci\s en\gh1 ! saloon on ! ,gr& ,canal 0 ord]$4 ,p] cio p>5do *e il luogo non fosse capace1 fu ord9ata la ,sala sul ,canal ,gr&e4--,p4 #cbd4 #abb ,cador91 #ahe1 #b4 ,! decree ( #acdb is falsely giv5 z ( #acde by ! ,sivos ,*ronicle1 & by ,magno2 :ile ,sanuto gives ! decree to its "r ye>1 #acdb1 b speaks ( ! ,c\ncil ,*amb] z only begun 9 #acde4 #abc ,cal5d>io4 ,see ,app5dix #a1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 #abd ,il primo *e vi colorisse fu ,gu>i5to1 il quale l' anno #acfe vi fece il ,p>adiso 9 te/a della sala4--,sansov9o4 #abe ,l' an poi #adjj vi fece il cielo comp>tita a quadretti d'oro1 ripi5i di /elle1 *' era la insegna del ,doge ,/5o4--,sansov9o1 lib4 ,,viii4 #abf ,9 que/i tempi si messe 9 oro il cielo della sala del ,gran ,consiglio et si fece il p]golo del f9e/ra gr&e *i gu>da sul canale1 adornato l'uno e l'altro di /elle1 *' erano l'insegne del ,doge4--,sansov9o1 lib4 ,,xiii4 ,comp>e also ,p>]i1 p4 #abi4 #abg ,baseggio 7,p>]i1 p4 #abg7 is call$ ! ,proto ( ! ,new ,palace4 ,f>!r notes w be f\nd 9 ,app5dix #a1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 #abh ,cronaca ,sanudo1 ,no4 ,,cxxv4 9 ! ,m>cian ,libr>y1 p4 #efh4 #abi ,tomaso ,moc5igo4 #acj ,vide notes 9 ,app5dix4 #aca ,on ! #d? ( ,april1 #adbc1 accord+ to ! copy ( ! ,zanc>ol ,*ronicle 9 ! ,m>cian ,libr>y1 b previ\sly1 accord+ to ! ,c>oldo ,*ronicle1 :i* makes ,fosc>i ent] ! ,s5ate z ,doge on ! #crd ( ,april4 #acb ,nella quale 7! ,sala del ,gran ,consiglio7 non si fece ,gran ,consiglio salvo nell' anno #adbc1 alli #c ,april1 et fu il primo giorno *e il ,duce ,fosc>i v5isse 9 ,gran ,consiglio dopo la sua creatione4--,copy 9 ,m>cian ,libr>y1 p4 #cfe4 #acc ,e a di #bc ,april 7#adbc1 by ! context7 sequ5te fo fatto ,gran ,conseio 9 la salla nuovo dovi avanti non e/a pi fatto ,gran ,conseio si *e el primo ,gran ,conseio dopo la sua 7,fosc>i's7 creation1 fo fatto 9 la salla nuova1 nel qual conseio fu el ,m>*ese di ,mantoa1 c41 p4 #dbf4 #acd ,comp>e ,app5dix #a1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 #ace ,tutte que/e fatture si compirono sotto il dogado del ,fosc>i1 nel #adda4--,p>]i1 p4 #aca4 #acf ,?is id5tification has be5 accompli%$1 & ,i ?9k conclusively1 by my fri5d ,mr4 ,rawdon ,br[n1 :o has devot$ all ! leisure :i*1 dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 8 manifold (fices ( k9dness to almo/ e ,engli% visitant ( ,v5ice h left him1 9 discov]+ & translat+ ! passages ( ! ,v5etian records :i* be> ^u ,engli% hi/ory & lit]ature4 ,i %all h occasion to take advantage h]eaft] ( a portion ( 8 labors1 :i* ,i tru/ w %ortly be made public4 #acg ,see ! la/ *apt] ( ! ?ird volume4 #ach ,,9 ,,xri--,,noie ,,am5 ,,ann9c>nationis ,,mcccxvii4 ,,inesetbr4 ,9 ! "n ( ,*ri/1 ,am51 9 ! ye> ( ! inc>nation1 #acag1 9 ! mon? ( ,septemb]1 c4 #aci ,oh1 v5]able ,raphael1 make ?\ ! gulf calm1 we besee* !e4 ,! peculi> (fice ( ! angel ,raphael is1 9 g5]al1 accord+ to tradition1 ! re/ra9+ ! h>mful influ5ces ( evil spirits4 ,sir ,*>les ,ea/lake told me1 t sometimes 9 ?is (fice he is repres5t$ be>+ ! gall ( ! fi% caught by ,tobit2 & rem9d$ me ( ! peculi> sup]/itions ( ! ,v5etians respect+ ! rais+ ( /orms by fi5ds1 z embodi$ 9 ! well-kn[n tale ( ! ,fi%]man & ,/4 ,m>k's r+4 #adj ,9 ! orig9al1 ! succession ( words is evid5tly sugge/$ p>tly by simil>ity ( s\nd2 & ! s5t5ce is made weighty by an allit]ation :i* is q lo/ 9 our translation2 b ! v all[ance ( influ5ce to ^! m9or consid]ations is a pro( h[ little any metaphysical ord] or sy/em 0 consid]$ necess>y 9 ! /atem5t4 #ada ,x occurs 9 a pray] = ! influ5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s1 ,t ,he may keep my s\l1 & direct my way2 compose my be>+1 & =m my ?\ghts 9 hol9ess2 may ,he gov]n my body1 & protect my m9d2 /r5g!n me 9 action1 approve my v[s1 & accompli% my desires2 cause me to lead an hone/ & honorable life1 & give me good hope1 *>ity & *a/ity1 humility & pati5ce3 may ,he gov]n ! ,five ,s5ses ( my body1 c4 ,! foll[+ pray] is also v *>act]i/ic ( ?is p]iod4 ,x op5s ) a beautiful address to ,*ri/ ^u ! cross2 !n proce$s ?us3 ,grant to u1 ,o ,"l1 we besee* !e1 ?is day & ev]1 ! use ( p5it5ce1 ( ab/95ce1 ( humility1 & *a/ity2 & grant to u light1 judgm5t1 und]/&+1 & true k1 ev5 to ! end4 ,"o ?+ ,i note 9 comp>+ old pray]s ) mod]n ones1 t h[ev] qua9t1 or h[ev] err+1 !y are always t5fold m cond5s$1 compreh5sive1 & to _! purpose1 :atev] t may be4 ,!re is no dilution 9 !m1 no va9 or monoton\s phraseology4 ,!y ask = :at is desir$ pla9ly & e>ne/ly1 & nev] c\ld be %ort5$ by a syllable4 ,! foll[+ s]ies ( ejaculations are deep 9 spirituality1 & curi\sly to our pres5t purpose 9 ! philological qua9tness ( be+ built ^u prepositions3-- ,dom9e ,jesu ,*ri/e1 sancta cruce tua apud me sis1 ut me def5das4 ,dom9e ,jesu ,*ri/e1 pro v5]&a cruce tua po/ me sis1 ut me gub]nes4 ,dom9e ,jesu ,*ri/e1 pro b5$icta cruce tua intra me sis1 ut me reficeas4 ,dom9e ,jesu ,*ri/e1 pro b5$icta cruce tua circa me sis1 ut me cons]ves4 ,dom9e ,jesu ,*ri/e1 pro gloriosa cruce tua ante me sis1 ut me d$uces4 ,dom9e ,jesu ,*ri/e1 pro laud&a cruce tua sup] me sis1 ut b5$icas4 ,dom9e ,jesu ,*ri/e1 pro magnifica cruce tua 9 me sis1 ut me ad regnum tuum p]ducas1 p] ,d4 ,n4 ,j4 ,c4 ,am54 #adb ,?is arrangem5t ( ! c>d9al virtues is said to h be5 fir/ made by ,ar*ytas4 ,see ,d',anc>ville's illu/ration ( ! ?ree figures ( ,prud5ce1 ,=titude1 & ,*>ity1 9 ,selvatico's ,cappell9a degli ,scrovegni1 ,padua1 #ahcf4 #adc ,or ,p5it5ce3 b ,i r ?9k ?is is und]/ood only 9 ,compunctio cordis4 #add ,! trans=mation ( a symbol into a reality1 obs]ve1 z 9 transub/antiation1 is z mu* an ab&onm5t ( symbolism z ! =getfulness ( symbolic mean+ altoge!r4 #ade ,on ! w9d[ ( ,new ,college1 ,ox=d4 #adf ,unit+ ! ?ree ideas express$ by ! ,greek philosoph]s "u ! t]ms ,greek3 phronei1 ,greek3 sophia1 & ,greek3 epi/m2 & "p ( ! idea ( ,greek3 sphroson4 #adg ,isa4 lxiv4 #e4 #adh ,i c h>dly ?9k x necess>y to po9t out to ! read] ! association betwe5 sacr$ *e]fulness & solemn ?\ght1 or to expla9 any appe>ance ( contradiction betwe5 passages 9 :i* 7z above 9 ,*ap4 ,v47 ,i h _h to oppose sacr$ p5siv5ess to unholy mir?1 & ^? 9 :i* ,i h to oppose sacr$ *e]fulness to unholy sorr[4 #adi ,desse1 seat #aej ,usually call$ ,*>ity3 b ?is virtue 9 its full s5se is "o ( ! att5dant spirits by ! ,?rone2 ! ,k9dness "h meant is ,*>ity ) a special object2 or ,fri5d%ip & ,k9dness1 z oppos$ to ,envy1 :i* has always1 9 l mann]1 a special object4 ,h5ce ! love ( ,ore/es & ,pylades is giv5 z an in/ance ( ! virtue ( ,fri5d%ip2 & ! ,virg9's1 ,!y h no w9e1 at ,cana1 ( g5]al k9dness & sympa?y ) o!rs' pleasure4 #aea ,! ,fa]ie ,que51 l ,dante's ,p>adise1 is only half e/imat$1 because few p]sons take ! pa9s to ?9k out its mean+4 ,i h put a brief analysis ( ! fir/ book 9 ,app5dix #b1 ,vol4 ,,iii42 :i* may p]haps induce ! read] to foll[ out ! subject = himself4 ,no "t devot$ to pr(ane lit]ature w be bett] rew>d$ ?an t sp5t e>ne/ly on ,sp5s]4 #aeb ,inscrib$1 ,i believe1 ,pietas1 mean+ g5]al rev]5ce & godly fe>4 #aec ,i h giv5 "o ( ^! capitals c>efully already 9 my folio "w1 & hope to give mo/ ( ! o!rs 9 due "t4 ,x 0 ( no use to draw !m "h1 z ! scale w\ld h be5 too small to all[ me to %[ ! expression ( ! figures4 #aed ,"l ,l9dsay1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bbf4 #aee ,"l ,l9dsay1 vol4 ii4 lett] ,,iv4 #aef ,selvatico /ates t ^! are int5d$ to be repres5tative ( eight nations1 ,lat9s1 ,t>t>s1 ,turks1 ,hung>ians1 ,greeks1 ,go?s1 ,egyptians1 & ,p]sians4 ,ei!r ! inscriptions are n[ defac$ or ,i h c>elessly omitt$ to note !m4 #aeg ,! comma 9 ^! inscriptions /&s = a small cunei=m m>k1 ,i believe ( contraction1 & ! small s = a zigzag m>k ( ! same k9d4 ,! dots or p]iods are simil>ly m>k$1 on ! /one4 #aeh ,c !y h mi/ak5 ! ,,isipione ( ! fif? side = ! ^w ,isidore8 #aei ,comp>e ! spee* ( ! ,doge ,moc5igo1 above1--fir/ ju/ice1 & !n ! int]e/s ( ! /ate3 & see ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,,lix4 #afj ,"s fur!r details respect+ ^! portions1 z well z "s necess>y confirmations ( my /atem5ts ( dates1 are1 h[ev]1 giv5 9 ,app5dix #a1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,i fe>$ we>y+ ! g5]al read] by introduc+ !m into ! text4 #afa ,_m p]sons1 capable ( quickly sympa?iz+ ) any excell5ce1 :5 once po9t$ out to !m1 easily deceive !mselves into ! supposition t !y are judges ( art4 ,!re is only "o real te/ ( su* p[] ( judgm5t4 ,c !y1 at a glance1 discov] a good picture obscur$ by ! fil?1 & confus$ among ! rubbi%1 ( ! pawnbrok]'s or deal]'s g>ret8 #afb ,?is is easily expla9$4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 9 e place & at all p]iods1 bad pa9t]s :o consci5ti\sly believe t !y c improve e picture !y t\*2 & ^! m5 are g5]ally1 9 _! presumption1 ! mo/ influ5tial ov] ! innoc5ce1 :e!r ( mon>*s or municipalities4 ,! c>p5t] & slat] h little influ5ce 9 recomm5d+ ! repairs ( ! ro(2 b ! bad pa9t] has great influ5ce1 z well z int]e/1 9 recomm5d+ ^? ( ! picture4 ,,app5dix4 #a4 ,,! ,,gondoli]',s ,,cry4 ,mo/ p]sons are n[ well acqua9t$ ) ! g5]al aspect ( ! ,v5etian gondola1 b few h tak5 ! pa9s to und]/& ! cries ( w>n+ utt]$ by its boatm51 al?\gh ^? cries are peculi>ly *>act]i/ic1 & v impressive to a /rang]1 & h be5 ev5 v sweetly introduc$ 9 poetry by ,mr4 ,monckton ,milnes4 ,x may p]haps be int]e/+ to ! travell] 9 ,v5ice to "k ! g5]al me?od ( managem5t ( ! boat to :i* he owes s _m happy h\rs4 ,a gondola is 9 g5]al r[$ only by "o man1 /&+ at ! /]n2 ^? ( ! upp] classes hav+ two or m boatm51 = great] spe$ & magnific5ce4 ,9 ord] to raise ! o> suffici5tly1 x re/s1 n on ! side ( ! boat1 b on a piece ( crook$ timb] l ! bran* ( a tree1 ris+ ab\t a foot f ! boat's side1 & call$ a frcola4 ,! frcola is ( diff]5t =ms1 accord+ to ! size & uses ( ! boat1 & x is always some:at complicat$ 9 its p>ts & curvature1 all[+ ! o> v>i\s k9ds ( re/s & cat*es on bo? its sides1 b p]fectly free play 9 all cases2 z ! managem5t ( ! boat dep5ds on ! gondoli]'s be+ able 9 an in/ant to place 8 o> 9 any position4 ,! frcola is set on ! "r-h& side ( ! boat1 "s six feet f ! /]n3 ! gondoli] /&s on a little flat plat=m or deck beh9d x1 & ?r[s ne>ly ! entire weight ( 8 body ^u ! =w>d /roke4 ,! effect ( ?is /roke w\ld be naturally to turn ! boat's head r\nd to ! left1 z well z to s5d x =w>d2 b ?is t5d5cy is correct$ by keep+ ! blade ( ! o> "u ! wat] on ! return /roke1 & rais+ x gradually1 z a full spoon is rais$ out ( any liquid1 s t ! blade em]ges f ! wat] only an in/ant be=e x aga9 plunges4 ,a d[nw>d & lat]al pressure ^u ! frcola is ?us obta9$1 :i* entirely c\nt]acts ! t5d5cy giv5 by ! =w>d /roke2 & ! ef=t1 aft] a little practice1 becomes h>dly consci\s1 ?\gh1 z x adds "s labor to ! back /roke1 r[+ a gondola at spe$ is h>d & brea?less "w1 ?\gh x appe>s easy & graceful to ! look]-on4 ,if !n ! gondola is to be turn$ to ! left1 ! =w>d impulse is giv5 )\t ! return /roke2 if x is to be turn$ to ! "r1 ! plung$ o> is br\ght =cibly up to ! surface2 9 ei!r case a s+le /rong /roke be+ en\gh to turn ! light & flat-bottom$ boat4 ,b z x has no keel1 :5 ! turn is made %>ply1 z out ( "o canal into ano!r v n>r[ "o1 ! impetus ( ! boat 9 its =m] direction gives x an enorm\s lee-way1 & x drifts lat]ally up aga9/ ! wall ( ! canal1 & t s =cibly1 t if x has turn$ at spe$1 no gondoli] c arre/ ! motion m]ely by /r5g? or rapidity ( /roke ( o>2 b x is *eck$ by a /rong ?ru/ ( ! foot aga9/ ! wall itself1 ! head ( ! boat be+ ( c\rse turn$ = ! mom5t almo/ completely r\nd to ! opposite wall1 & great] ex]tion made to give x1 z quickly z possible1 impulse 9 ! new direction4 ,! boat be+ ?us guid$1 ! cry ,premi is ! ord] f "o gondoli] to ano!r t he %\ld press or ?ru/ =w>d 8 o>1 )\t ! back /roke1 s z to s5d ! boat's head r\nd to ! left2 & ! cry ,/ali is ! ord] t he %\ld give ! return or upw>d /roke :i* s5ds ! boat's head r\nd to ! "r4 ,h5ce1 if two gondoli]s meet "u any circum/ances :i* r5d] x a matt] ( "q on :i* side !y %\ld pass ea* o!r1 ! gondoli] :o has at ! mom5t ! lea/ p[] ov] 8 boat1 cries to ! o!r1 ,premi1 if he wi%es ! boats to pass ) _! "r-h& sides to ea* o!r1 & ,/ali1 if ) _! left4 ,n[1 9 turn+ a corn]1 !re is ( c\rse risk ( collision betwe5 boats com+ f opposite sides1 & w>n+ is always cle>ly & l\dly giv5 on approa*+ an angle ( ! canals4 ,x is ( c\rse presum$ t ! boat :i* gives ! w>n+ w be ne>] ! turn ?an ! "o :i* receives & answ]s x2 & !re=e w n h s mu* "t to *eck itself or alt] its c\rse4 ,h5ce ! advantage ( ! turn1 t is1 ! outside1 :i* all[s ! fulle/ sw+ & greate/ room = lee-way1 is always yield$ to ! boat :i* gives w>n+4 ,!re=e1 if ! w>n+ boat is go+ to turn to ! "r1 z x is to h ! outside position1 x w keep its own "r-h& side to ! boat :i* x meets1 & ! cry ( w>n+ is !re=e ,premi1 twice giv52 fir/ z soon z x c be he>d r\nd ! angle1 prolong$ & l\d1 ) ! acc5t on ! e1 & ano!r /rongly acc5t$ e add$1 a k9d ( "q1 ,prmi-1 foll[$ at ! in/ant ( turn+1 ) ,ah ,prem1 ) ! acc5t %>p on ! f9al i4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! w>n+ boat is go+ to turn to ! left1 x w pass ) its left-h& side to ! "o x meets2 & ! w>n+ cry is1 ,/li-1 ,ah ,/al4 ,h5ce ! confus$ idea 9 ! m9d ( ! travell] t ,/ali means to ! left1 & ,premi to ! "r2 :ile !y mean1 9 reality1 ! direct rev]se2 ! ,/ali1 = in/ance1 be+ ! ord] to ! unse5 gondoli] :o may be beh9d ! corn]1 com+ f ! left-h& side1 t he %\ld hold z mu* z possible to 8 own "r2 ?is be+ ! only safe ord] = him1 :e!r he is go+ to turn ! corn] himself1 or to g /raight on2 = z ! w>n+ gondola w always sw+ "r across ! canal 9 turn+1 a collision ) x is only to be avoid$ by keep+ well )9 x1 & close up to ! corn] :i* x turns4 ,!re are sev]al o!r cries necess>y 9 ! managem5t ( ! gondola1 b less frequ5tly1 s t ! read] w h>dly c>e = _! int]pretation2 except only ! sci>1 :i* is ! ord] to ! opposite gondoli] to /op ! boat z sudd5ly z possible by slipp+ 8 o> 9 front ( ! frcola4 ,! cry is nev] he>d except :5 ! boatm5 h got into "s unexpect$ position1 involv+ a risk ( collision2 b ! action is se5 con/antly1 :5 ! gondola is r[$ by two or m m5 7= if p]=m$ by ! s+le gondoli] x only sw+s ! boat's head %>p r\nd to ! "r71 9 br++ up at a l&+-place1 especially :5 !re is any int5t ( display1 ! boat be+ fir/ urg$ to its full spe$ & !n /opp$ ) z mu* foam ab\t ! o>-blades z possible1 ! effect be+ mu* l t ( /opp+ a horse at spe$ by pull+ him on 8 haun*es4 #b4 ,,our ,,lady ,,( ,,salvation4 ,santa ,m>ia della ,salute1 ,our ,lady ( ,heal?1 or ( ,safety1 w\ld be a m lit]al translation1 yet n p]haps fully express+ ! =ce ( ! ,italian ^w 9 ?is case4 ,! *ur* 0 built betwe5 #afcj & #afhj1 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( ! cessation ( ! plague2--( c\rse to ! ,virg91 to :om ! mod]n ,italian has rec\rse 9 all 8 pr9cipal di/resses1 & :o receives 8 gratitude = all pr9cipal deliv]ances4 ,! ha/y travell] is usually en?usia/ic 9 8 admiration ( ?is build+2 b !re is a notable lesson to be d]iv$ f x1 :i* is n (t5 read4 ,on ! opposite side ( ! broad canal ( ! ,giudecca is a small *ur*1 celebrat$ among ,r5aissance ar*itects z ( ,palladian design1 b :i* w\ld h>dly attract ! notice ( ! g5]al obs]v]1 unless on acc\nt ( ! pictures by ,john ,bell9i :i* x conta9s1 9 ord] to see :i* ! travell] may p]haps rememb] hav+ be5 tak5 across ! ,giudecca to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,r$5tore4 ,b he ought c>efully to comp>e ^! two build+s ) ea* o!r1 ! "o built to ! ,virg91 ! o!r to ! ,r$eem] 7also a votive (f]+ aft] ! cessation ( ! plague ( #aegf72 ! "o1 ! mo/ conspicu\s *ur* 9 ,v5ice1 its dome1 ! pr9cipal "o by :i* %e is fir/ disc]n$1 ris+ out ( ! di/ant sea3 ! o!r1 small & contemptible1 on a suburban isl&1 & only becom+ an object ( int]e/ because x conta9s ?ree small pictures6 ,= 9 ! relative magnitude & conspicu\sness ( ^! two build+s1 we h an accurate index ( ! relative importance ( ! ideas ( ! ,madonna & ( ,*ri/1 9 ! mod]n ,italian m9d4 ,"s fur!r acc\nt ( ?is *ur* is giv5 9 ! f9al ,index to ! ,v5etian build+s at ! close ( ! ?ird ,volume4 #c4 ,,tides ,,( ,,v5ice1 ,,& ,,measures ,,at ,,torcello4 ,! l[e/ & highe/ tides take place 9 ,v5ice at diff]5t p]iods1 ! l[e/ dur+ ! w9t]1 ! highe/ 9 ! summ] & autumn4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ! highe/ tides1 ! city is exce$+ly beautiful1 especially if1 z is n unfrequ5tly ! case1 ! wat] rises high en\gh p>tially to flood ,/4 ,m>k's ,place4 ,no?+ c be m lovely or fanta/ic ?an ! sc5e1 :5 ! ,campanile & ! ,gold5 ,*ur* are reflect$ 9 ! calm wat]1 & ! light] gondolas float+ "u ! v por*es ( ! faade4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a w9t] resid5ce 9 ,v5ice is r5d]$ peculi>ly disagreeable by ! l[ tides1 :i* sometimes leave ! small] canals entirely dry1 & l>ge banks ( mud b5ea? ! h\ses1 along ! bord]s ( ev5 ! ,gr& ,canal4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! levels ( ! highe/ & l[e/ tides ,i saw 9 ,v5ice 0 #f ft4 #c 94 ,! av]age fall rise is f two to ?ree feet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! measures ( ,torcello 7 int5d$ = ,app5dix #d2 b hav+ by a mispr9t ref]r$ ! read] to ,app5dix #c1 ,i give !m "h4 ,! entire bread? ( ! *ur* )9 ! walls is #gj feet2 ( :i* ! squ>e bases ( ! pill>s1 #c feet on ea* side1 occupy #f feet2 & ! nave1 f base to base1 measures #ca ft4 #a 942 ! aisles f base to wall1 #af feet odd in*es1 n accurately asc]ta9able on acc\nt ( ! mod]n wa9scot fitt+s4 ,! int]vals betwe5 ! bases ( ! pill>s are #h feet ea*1 increas+ t[>ds ! alt> to #h ft4 #c 941 9 ord] to all[ = a correspond+ dim9ution 9 ! diamet] ( ! bases f #c ft4 to #b ft4 #aa 94 or #b ft4 #aj4 94 ,?is subtle dim9ution ( ! bases is 9 ord] to prev5t ! eye f feel+ ! great] n>r[ness ( ! %afts 9 t "p ( ! nave1 _! av]age circumf]5ce be+ #f ft4 #aj 942 & "o1 ! second on ! nor? side1 rea*+ #g feet1 :ile ^? at ! upp] end ( ! nave v>y f #f ft4 #h 94 to #f ft4 #d 94 ,x is probable t ?is dim9ution 9 ! m di/ant pill>s adds slightly to ! p]spective effect ( l5g? 9 ! body ( ! *ur*1 z x is se5 f ! great entrance3 b :e!r ?is 0 ! int5tion or n1 ! delicate adaptation ( ?is dim9i%$ base to ! dim9i%$ %aft is a piece ( fa/idi\sness 9 proportion :i* ,i rejoice 9 hav+ detect$2 & ?is ! m1 because ! rude cont\rs ( ! bases !mselves w\ld little induce ! spectator to anticipate any su* ref9em5t4 #d4 ,,date ,,( ,,! ,,duomo ,,( ,,torcello4 ,! fir/ flight to ! lagoons = %elt] 0 caus$ by ! invasion ( ,attila 9 ! fif? c5tury1 s t 9 endeavor+ to ?r[ back ! ?\ght ( ! read] to ! =m] solitude ( ! isl&s1 ,i spoke ( !m z !y mu/ h appe>$ #acjj ye>s ago4 ,alt9um1 h[ev]1 0 n f9ally de/roy$ till ! ,lomb>d invasion 9 #fda1 :5 ! episcopal seat 0 remov$ to ,torcello1 & ! inhabitants ( ! ma9l& city1 giv+ up all hope ( return+ to _! =m] homes1 built _! ,duomo !re4 ,x is a disput$ po9t among ,v5etian antiqu>ians1 :e!r ! pres5t *ur* be t :i* 0 built 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 p>tially re/or$ 9 #ajjh1 or :e!r ! words ( ,sagorn9o1 ecclesiam jam vetu/ate consumptam recre>e1 ju/ify !m 9 assum+ an entire rebuild+ ( ! fabric4 ,i q agree ) ! ,m>*ese ,selvatico1 9 believ+ ! pres5t *ur* to be ! e>li] build+1 v>i\sly /r5g!n$1 refitt$1 & modifi$ by subsequ5t c>e2 b1 9 all its ma9 features1 pres]v+ its orig9al aspect1 except1 p]haps1 9 ! case ( ! pulpit & *ancel scre51 :i*1 if ! ,*evali] ,buns5's conclusions respect+ e>ly pulpits 9 ! ,roman basilicas be correct 7see ! next article ( ?is ,app5dix71 may possibly h be5 plac$ 9 _! pres5t position 9 ! t5? c5tury1 & ! fragm5t>y "* ( ! workman%ip ( ! latt]1 notic$ 9 ,x4 & ,,xi41 w\ld 9 t case h be5 ! result ( innovation1 r ?an ( ha/e4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 :e!r !y are ( ! sev5? or elev5? c5tury1 does n 9 ! lea/ affect our conclusions1 drawn f ! design ( ^! portions ( ! *ur*1 respect+ pulpits 9 g5]al4 #e4 ,,mod]n ,,pulpits4 ,!re is no "* ( an ord9>y mod]n ,engli% *ur* :i* appe>s to me m to be regrett$ ?an ! peculi> pomp\sness ( ! furniture ( ! pulpits1 contra/$1 z x g5]ally is1 ) great meagr5ess & abs5ce ( color 9 ! o!r portions ( ! *ur*2 a pomp\sness1 besides1 altoge!r )\t grace or mean+1 & dep5d5t m]ely on c]ta9 applications ( uphol/]y2 :i*1 curi\sly en\gh1 are always 9 worse ta/e ?an ev5 ^? ( our draw+-rooms4 ,nor d ,i und]/& h[ our congregations c endure ! aspect ( ! wood5 s\nd+-bo>d atta*$ only by "o po9t ( its circumf]5ce to an upright pill> beh9d ! prea*]2 & look+ z if ! weight ( its enorm\s lev]age mu/ infallibly1 be=e ! s]mon is conclud$1 te> x f its support1 & br+ x d[n ^u ! prea*]'s head4 ,^! errors 9 ta/e & feel+ w h[ev]1 ,i believe1 be gradually am5d$ z m ,go?ic *ur*es are built2 b ! "q ( ! position ( ! pulpit pres5ts a m disputable gr\nd ( discussion4 ,i c p]fectly sympa?ise ) ! feel+ ( ^? :o wi% ! ea/]n extremity ( ! *ur* to =m a k9d ( holy place = ! communion table2 nor h ,i (t5 receiv$ a m pa9ful impression ?an on see+ ! prea*] at ! ,scot* *ur* 9 ,george ,/reet1 ,portman ,squ>e1 tak+ possession ( a p]fect apse2 & occupy+ !re91 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! s]vice1 v ne>ly ! same position :i* ! figure ( ,*ri/ does 9 t ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,pisa4 ,b ,i nev]!less believe t ! ,scot* congregation are p]fectly "r1 & h re/or$ ! real arrangem5t ( ! primitive *ur*es4 ,! ,*evali] ,buns5 in=m$ me v lately1 t1 9 all ! e>ly basilicas he has exam9$1 ! lat]al pulpits are ( m rec5t date ?an ! re/ ( ! build+2 t he kn[s ( none plac$ 9 ! position :i* !y n[ occupy1 bo? 9 ! basilicas & ,go?ic ca!drals1 be=e ! n9? c5tury2 & t !re c be no d\bt t ! bi%op always prea*$ or exhort$1 9 ! primitive times1 f 8 ?rone 9 ! c5tre ( ! apse1 ! alt> be+ always set at ! c5tre ( ! *ur*1 9 ! cross+ ( ! transepts4 ,8 ,excell5cy f\nd by exp]im5t 9 ,santa ,m>ia ,maggiore1 ! l>ge/ ( ! ,roman basilicas1 t ! voice c\ld be he>d m pla9ly f ! c5tre ( ! apse ?an f any o!r spot 9 ! :ole *ur*2 &1 if ?is be s1 x w be ano!r v important reason = ! adoption ( ! ,romanesque 7or ,norman7 ar*itecture 9 our *ur*es1 r ?an ( ! ,go?ic4 ,! read] w f9d "s f>!r notice ( ?is "q 9 ! conclud+ *apt] ( ! ?ird volume4 ,be=e leav+ ?is subject1 h[ev]1 ,i mu/ be p]mitt$ to say "o ^w to ^? memb]s ( ! ,scot* ,*ur* :o are sev]e 9 _! requirem5t ( ! nom9al or app>5t extemporization ( all addresses deliv]$ f ! pulpit4 ,:e!r !y d "r 9 giv+ ^? among _! m9i/]s :o _c prea* extempore1 ! additional & useless labor ( committ+ _! s]mons to memory1 may be a disput$ "q2 b x c h>dly be s1 t ! n[ n unfrequ5t habit ( mak+ a desk ( ! ,bible1 & read+ ! s]mon /eal?ily1 by slipp+ ! %eets ( x betwe5 ! sacr$ leaves1 s t ! prea*] consults 8 own notes on pret5ce ( consult+ ! ,scriptures1 is a v unseemly consequ5ce ( _! ov]-/rictness4 #f4 ,,apse ,,( ,,murano4 ,! foll[+ passage succe$$ 9 ! orig9al text to ,,xv4 ( ,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,f9d+ x n likely to int]e/ ! g5]al read]1 ,i h plac$ x "h1 z x conta9s matt] ( "s int]e/ to ar*itects4 ,on ?is pl9?1 ?us c>efully /udi$ 9 relations ( magnitude1 ! %afts are set at ! angles1 z close to ea* o!r z possible1 z se5 9 ! gr\nd-plan4 ,^! %afts are f\nd$ on pure ,roman tradition2 _! bases h no spurs1 & ! %aft itself is tap]$ 9 a bold curve1 accord+ to ! classical model4 ,b1 9 ! adju/m5t ( ! bases to ea* o!r1 we h a mo/ curi\s in/ance ( ! fir/ beg9n+ ( ! ,go?ic pr9ciple ( aggregation ( %afts4 ,!y h a s+ul>ly ar*aic & simple pr(ile1 compos$ ( a s+le cavetto & roll1 :i* are circul>1 on a squ>e pl9?4 ,n[ :5 ^! bases are br\ght close to ea* o!r at ! angles ( ! apse1 _! natural position w\ld be z 9 fig4 #c1 ,plate ,i41 leav+ an awkw>d fissure betwe5 ! two squ>e pl9?s4 ,?is (f5d$ ! ar*itect's eye2 s he cut "p ( ea* ( ! bases away1 & fitt$ !m close to ea* o!r1 z 9 fig4 #e1 ,plate ,i41 :i* is _! actual position4 ,z be=e ?is piece ( r\gh h>monization ! circul> m\ld+s rea*$ ! sides ( ! squ>es1 !y 7 necess>ily cut p>tly away 9 ! c\rse ( ! adju/m5t1 & run into ea* o!r z 9 ! figure1 s z to give u "o ( ! fir/ ,v5etian in/ances ( ! cont9u\s ,go?ic base4 ,! %afts measure on ! av]age #b ft4 #h 94 9 circumf]5ce1 at ! base1 tap]+ s mu* t "u ! l[e/ fillet ( _! necks !y measure only #b feet r\nd1 ?\gh _! height is only #e ft4 #f 941 los+ ?us eight in*es ( gir? 9 five feet & a half ( height4 ,!y are delicately curv$ all ! way up2 & are #b 94 ap>t f ea* o!r :]e !y are ne>e/1 & ab\t #e 94 at ! necks ( _! capitals4 #g4 ,,e>ly ,,v5etian ,,dress4 ,sansov9o's acc\nt ( ! *anges 9 ! dress ( ! ,v5etians is brief1 ma/]ly1 & full ( int]e/2 "o or two passages are des]v+ ( c>eful notice1 especially ! introductory s5t5ce4 ,= ! ,v5etians f _! fir/ orig91 hav+ made x _! aim to be peaceful & religi\s1 & to keep on an equality ) "o ano!r1 t equality might induce /ability & concord 7z disp>ity produces confusion & ru971 made _! dress a matt] ( consci5ce1 4442 & our ance/ors1 obs]vant lov]s ( religion1 ^u :i* all _! acts 7 f\nd$1 & desir+ t _! "y m5 %\ld direct !mselves to virtue1 ! true s\l ( all human action1 & above all to peace1 inv5t$ a dress con=mable to _! gravity1 su*1 t 9 clo?+ !mselves ) x1 !y might clo! !mselves also ) mode/y & honor4 ,& because _! m9d 0 b5t ^u giv+ no (f5ce to any "o1 & liv+ quietly z f> z might be p]mitt$ !m1 x seem$ good to !m to %[ to e "o1 ev5 by ext]nal signs1 ?is _! endeavor1 by we>+ a long dress1 :i* 0 9 no wise conv5i5t = p]sons ( a quick temp]am5t1 or ( eag] & fi]ce spirits4 ,respect+ ! color ( ! wom5's dress1 x is noticeable t blue is call$ ,v5etian color by ,cassiodorus1 translat$ tur*9o by ,filiasi1 vol4 v4 *ap4 iv4 ,x 0 a v pale blue1 z ! place 9 :i* ! ^w occurs is ! description by ,cassiodorus ( ! d>kness :i* came ov] ! sun's disk at ! "t ( ! ,belis>ian w>s & desolation ( ! ,go?ic k+dom4 #h4 ,,inscriptions ,,at ,,murano4 ,!re are two o!r inscriptions on ! bord] ( ! con*a2 b ^!1 be+ writt5 on ! s(fit ( ! face ar*1 :i*1 z be=e notic$1 is support$ by ! la/ two %afts ( ! *ancel1 c\ld n be read by ! congregation1 & only ) difficulty by ^? imm$iately und]nea? !m4 ,"o ( !m is 9 black1 ! o!r 9 r$ lett]s4 ,! fir/3 ,mutat quod sumsit1 quod sollat crim9a t&it ,et quod sumpsit1 vultus ve/isq4 refulsit4 ,! second3 ,discipuli te/es1 prophete c]ta vid5tes ,et c]nunt purum1 sibi cr$unt ese futurum4 ,i h f\nd no notice ( any ( ^! inscriptions 9 any ,italian acc\nt ( ! *ur* ( ,murano1 & h seldom se5 ev5 ,monki% ,lat9 less intelligible4 ,!re is no mi/ake 9 ! lett]s1 :i* are all l>ge & cle>2 b wrong lett]s may h be5 introduc$ by ignorant re/or]s1 z has (t5 happ5$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k's4 #i4 ,,%afts ,,( ,,/4 ,,m>k4 ,! pr9cipal pill>s :i* c>ry ! nave & transepts1 f\rte5 9 numb]1 are ( :ite alaba/] ve9$ ) grey & amb]2 ea* ( a s+le block1 #ae ft4 high1 & #f ft4 #b 94 r\nd at ! base4 ,i 9 va9 endeavor$ to asc]ta9 _! probable value4 ,e sculptor :om ,i que/ion$ on ?is subject told me !re 7 no su* pieces ( alaba/] 9 ! m>ket1 & t !y 7 to be consid]$ z )\t price4 ,on ! faade ( ! *ur* alone are two great ranges ( %afts1 sev5ty-two 9 ! l[] range1 & sev5ty-n9e 9 ! upp]2 all ( porphyry1 alaba/]1 & v]d-antique or f9e m>ble2 ! l[] ab\t #i ft41 ! upp] ab\t #g ft4 high1 & ( v>i\s circumf]5ces1 f #d ft4 #f 94 to #b ft4 r\nd4 ,!re are n[ s _m publi%$ engrav+s1 &1 f> bett] ?an engrav+s1 calotypes1 ( ?is faade1 t ,i may po9t out "o or two circum/ances = ! read]'s consid]ation )\t giv+ any plate ( x "h4 ,& fir/1 we ought to note ! relations ( ! %afts & wall1 ! latt] be+ fir/ %eet$ ) alaba/]1 & !n ! pill>s set )9 two or ?ree in*es ( x1 =m+ su* a grove ( gold5 m>ble t ! por*es op5 be=e u z we ent] ! *ur* l glades 9 a deep =e/4 ,! read] may p]haps at fir/ "q ! propriety ( plac+ ! wall s close beh9d ! %afts t ! latt] h ne>ly z little "w to d z ! /atues 9 a ,go?ic por*2 b ! philosophy ( ?is arrangem5t is briefly d$ucible f ! pr9ciples /at$ 9 ! text4 ,! build] _h at 8 disposal %afts ( a c]ta9 size only1 n fit to su/a9 ! :ole weight ( ! fabric above4 ,he !re=e turns j z mu* ( ! wall veil into %aft z he has /r5g? ( m>ble at 8 disposal1 & leaves ! re/ 9 its massive =m4 ,& t !re may be no di%one/y 9 ?is1 nor any appe>ance 9 ! %afts ( do+ m "w ?an is really allott$ to !m1 _m are left visibly ) half _! capitals project+ beyond ! ar*ivolts !y su/a91 %[+ t ! wall is v slightly dep5d5t on _! co-op]ation1 & t _m ( !m are little m ?an m]e bonds or connect+ rods betwe5 ! f\ndation & cornices4 ,if any ar*itect v5tures to blame su* an arrangem5t1 let him look at our mu* vaunt$ e>ly ,engli% pi]s 9 ,salisbury ,ca!dral or ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 :]e ! small satellitic %afts are introduc$ 9 ! same gratuit\s mann]1 b ) f> less excuse or reason3 = ^? small %afts h no?+ b _! delicacy & purely !oretical connection ) ! ar*ivolt m\ld+s to recomm5d !m2 b ! ,/4 ,m>k's %afts h an intr9sic beauty & value ( ! highe/ ord]1 & ! object ( ! :ole sy/em ( ar*itecture1 z above /at$1 is 9 great "p to set =? ! beauty & value ( ! %aft itself4 ,n[1 n only is ?is accompli%$ by )draw+ x occasionally f s]vile "w1 b ! position "h giv5 to x1 )9 ?ree or f\r in*es ( a wall f :i* x nev]!less /&s p]fectly cle> all ! way up1 is exactly t :i* mu/ be/ display its color & quality4 ,:5 !re is mu* vacant space left beh9d a pill>1 ! %ade aga9/ :i* x is reliev$ is comp>atively indef9ite1 ! eye passes by ! %aft1 & p5etrates into ! vacancy4 ,b :5 a broad surface ( wall is br\ght ne> ! %aft1 its own %ad[ is1 9 almo/ e effect ( sun%9e1 s %>p & d>k z to ?r[ out its colors ) ! highe/ possible brilliancy2 if !re be no sun%9e1 ! wall veil is subdu$ & v>i$ by ! mo/ subtle gradations ( delicate half %ad[1 h>dly less advantage\s to ! %aft :i* x relieves4 ,&1 z f> z reg>ds pure effect 9 op5 air 7all artifice ( excessive d>kness or my/]y be+ exclud$71 ,i d n "k any?+ :atsoev] 9 ! :ole compass ( ! ,european ar*itecture ,i h se51 :i* c = a mom5t be comp>$ ) ! qua9t %ade & delicate color1 l t ( ,rembr&t & ,paul ,v]onese unit$1 :i* ! sun br+s out1 z 8 rays move f por* to por* along ! ,/4 ,m>k's faade4 ,&1 z if to prove t ?is 0 inde$ ! build]'s int5tion1 & t he did n leave 8 %afts idle m]ely because he did n "k h[ to set !m to "w safely1 !re are two pieces ( masonry at ! extremities ( ! faade1 :i* are j z rem>kable = _! frank tru/ 9 ! be>+ p[] ( ! %afts z ! re/ are = _! want ( confid5ce 9 !m4 ,b1 be=e we come to ^!1 we mu/ say a ^w or two respect+ ! second po9t nam$ above1 ! sup]ior position ( ! %afts4 ,x 0 assur$ly n 9 ! build]'s p[]1 ev5 _h he be5 s incl9$1 to obta9 %afts high en\gh to su/a9 ! :ole ext]nal gall]y1 z x is su/a9$ 9 ! nave1 on "o arcade4 ,he _h1 z above notic$1 a supply ( %afts ( e sort & size1 f :i* he *ose ! l>ge/ = 8 nave %afts2 ! smalle/ 7 set aside = w9d[s1 jambs1 balu/rades1 supports ( pulpits1 ni*es1 & su* o!r s]vices1 e conceivable size occurr+ 9 diff]5t portions ( ! build+2 & ! middle-siz$ %afts 7 sort$ into two classes1 ( :i* on ! av]age "o 0 ab\t two-?irds ! l5g? ( ! o!r1 & out ( ^! ! two /ories ( ! faade & sides ( ! *ur* are compos$1 ! small] %afts ( c\rse upp]mo/1 & m num]\s ?an ! l[]1 accord+ to ! ord9>y laws ( sup]imposition adopt$ by all ! ,romanesque build]s1 & obs]v$ also 9 a k9d ( ar*itecture q z beautiful z any we are likely to inv5t1 t ( =e/ trees4 ,no?+ is m s+ul> ?an ! way 9 :i* ?is k9d ( sup]imposition 7! only "r "o 9 ! case ( %afts7 w %ock a pr(ess$ ar*itect4 ,he has be5 accu/om$ to see1 9 ! ,r5aissance designs1 %aft put on ! top ( %aft1 ?ree or f\r times ov]1 & he ?9ks ?is q "r2 b ! mom5t he is %[n a prop]ly subdivid$ sup]imposition1 9 :i* ! upp] %afts dim9i% 9 size & multiply 9 numb]1 s t ! l[] pill>s w\ld balance !m safely ev5 )\t cem5t1 he exclaims t x is aga9/ law1 z if he _h nev] se5 a tree 9 8 life4 ,n t ! idea ( ! ,byzant9e sup]imposition 0 tak5 f trees1 any m ?an t ( ,go?ic ar*es4 ,bo? are simple compliances ) laws ( nature1 &1 !re=e1 approximations to ! =ms ( nature4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o v ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 tree /ructure & ! %aft /ructure 9 "q2 namely1 t ! m>ble bran*es1 hav+ no vital connexion ) ! /em1 mu/ be provid$ ) a firm tablet or second f\ndation :]eon to /&4 ,?is int]m$iate pl9? or tablet runs along ! :ole faade at "o level1 is ab\t eighte5 in*es ?ick1 & left ) little decoration z be+ meant = h>d s]vice4 ,! small porticos1 already spok5 ( z ! mo/ graceful pieces ( composition ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$1 are su/a9$ on deta*$ clu/]s ( f\r or five columns1 =m+ ! cont9uation ( ^? ( ! upp] s]ies1 & ea* ( ^! clu/]s is balanc$ on "o gr& deta*$ %aft2 z mu* tru/ be+ ?us plac$ 9 ! pill>s "h1 z is )drawn f !m else:]e4 ,! nor!rn portico has only "o deta*$ pill> at its out] angle1 :i* su/a9s ?ree %afts & a squ>e pila/]2 ( ^! %afts ! "o at ! out] angle ( ! gr\p is ! ?icke/ 7s z to balance ! pila/] on ! inn] angle71 measur+ #c ft4 #b 94 r\nd1 :ile ! o!rs measure only #b ft4 #aj 94 & #b ft4 #aa 942 & 9 ord] to make ?is increase ( diamet]1 & ! importance ( ! %aft1 m manife/ to ! eye1 ! old build]s made ! %aft %ort] z well z ?ick]1 increas+ ! dep? bo? ( its capital & ! base1 ) :at is to ! ?\ghtless spectator ridicul\s incongruity1 & to ! obs]vant "o a mo/ beautiful expression ( con/ructive g5ius4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,obs]ve3 ! :ole /r5g? ( ?is angle dep5ds on accuracy ( poise1 n on bread? or /r5g? ( f\ndation4 ,x is a balanc$1 n a propp$ /ructure3 if ! balance fails1 x mu/ fall in/antly2 if ! balance is ma9ta9$1 no matt] h[ ! l[] %aft is fa/5$ into ! gr\nd1 all w be safe4 ,& to m>k ?is m def9itely1 ! great l[] %aft has a diff]5t base f all ! o!rs ( ! faade1 rem>kably high 9 proportion to ! %aft1 on a circul> in/ead ( a squ>e pl9?1 & )\t spurs1 :ile all ! o!r bases h spurs )\t exception4 ,glance back at :at is said ( ! spurs at p4 #gi ( ! fir/ volume1 & reflect t all expression ( grasp 9 ! foot ( ! pill> is "h useless1 & to be replac$ by "o ( balance m]ely1 & y w feel :at ! old build] want$ to say to u1 & h[ mu* he desir$ u to foll[ him ) our und]/&+ z he laid /one above /one4 ,& ?is purpose ( 8 is h9t$ to u once m1 ev5 by ! position ( ?is base 9 ! gr\nd plan ( ! f\ndation ( ! portico2 =1 ?\gh itself circul>1 x su/a9s a hexagonal pl9? set obliquely to ! walls ( ! *ur*1 z if expressly to m>k to u t x did n matt] h[ ! base 0 set1 s only t ! weights 7 ju/ly dispos$ above x4 #aj4 ,,prop] ,,s5se ,,( ,,! ,,^w ,,idolatry4 ,i d n int5d1 9 ?us apply+ ! ^w ,idolatry to c]ta9 c]emonies ( ,romani/ wor%ip1 to admit ! propriety ( ! ord9>y ,prote/ant mann] ( reg>d+ ^? c]emonies z di/9ctively idolatr\s1 & z sep>at+ ! ,romani/ f ! ,prote/ant ,*ur* by a gulf across :i* we mu/ n look to our fell[-,*ri/ians b ) utt] reprobation & disda94 ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome does inde$ di/9ctively violate ! second comm&m5t2 b ! true =ce & weight ( ! s9 ( idolatry are 9 ! violation ( ! fir/1 ( :i* we are all ( u guilty1 9 probably a v equal degree1 consid]$ only z memb]s ( ?is or t communion1 & n z ,*ri/ians or unbeliev]s4 ,idolatry is1 bo? lit]ally & v]ily1 n ! m]e b[+ d[n be=e sculptures1 b ! s]v+ or becom+ ! slave ( any images or imag9ations :i* /& betwe5 u & ,god1 & x is o!rwise express$ 9 ,scripture z walk+ aft] ! ,imag9ation ( our own he>ts4 ,& obs]ve also t :ile1 at lea/ on "o occasion1 we f9d 9 ! ,bible an indulg5ce grant$ to ! m]e ext]nal & lit]al violation ( ! second comm&m5t1 ,:5 ,i b[ myself 9 ! h\se ( ,rimmon1 ! ,"l p>don ?y s]vant 9 ?is ?+1 we f9d no indulg5ce 9 any in/ance1 or 9 ! slighte/ degree1 grant$ to covet\sness1 :i* is idolatry 7,col4 iii4 #e2 no casual association ( t]ms1 obs]ve1 b aga9 en]getically repeat$ 9 ,ephesians1 v4 #e1 ,no covet\s man1 :o is an idolat]1 ha? any inh]itance 9 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/72 nor any to t d5ial ( ,god1 idolatry 9 "o ( its mo/ subtle =ms1 foll[+ s (t5 on ! possession ( t weal? aga9/ :i* ,agur pray$ s e>ne/ly1 ,give me nei!r pov]ty nor ri*es1 le/ ,i be full & d5y !e1 & say1 ',:o is ! ,"l8' ,& 9 ?is s5se1 :i* ( u is n an idolat]8 ,:i* ( u has ! "r1 9 ! fulness ( t bett] k1 9 spite ( :i* he nev]!less is n yet sep>at$ f ! s]vice ( ?is _w1 to speak scornfully ( any ( 8 bre?r51 because1 9 a guiltless ignorance1 !y h be5 accu/om$ to b[ _! knees be=e a /atue8 ,:i* ( u %all say t !re may n be a spiritual wor%ip 9 _! app>5t idolatry1 or t !re is n a spiritual idolatry 9 our own app>5t wor%ip8 ,= inde$ x is utt]ly impossible = "o man to judge ( ! feel+ ) :i* ano!r b[s d[n be=e an image4 ,f t pure rev]5ce 9 :i* ,sir ,?omas ,br[n wrote1 ,i c disp5se ) my hat at ! sight ( a cross1 b n ) a ?\ght ( my ,r$eem]1 to ! wor/ sup]/ition ( ! mo/ ignorant ,romani/1 !re is an inf9ite s]ies ( subtle transitions2 & ! po9t :]e simple rev]5ce & ! use ( ! image m]ely to r5d] conception m vivid1 & feel+ m int5se1 *ange into def9ite idolatry by ! attribution ( ,p[] to ! image itself1 is s difficultly det]m9able t we _c be too cautions 9 ass]t+ t su* a *ange has actually tak5 place 9 ! case ( any individual4 ,ev5 :5 x is def9ite & c]ta91 we %all (t5] f9d x ! consequ5ce ( dulness ( intellect ?an ( real ali5ation ( he>t f ,god2 & ,i h no mann] ( d\bt t half ( ! poor & untaught ,*ri/ians :o are ?is day ly+ pro/rate be=e crucifixes1 ,bamb9os1 & ,volto ,santos1 are f9d+ m acceptance ) ,god1 ?an _m ,prote/ants :o idolize no?+ b _! own op9ions or _! own int]e/s4 ,i believe t ^? :o h wor%ipp$ ! ?orns ( ,*ri/'s cr[n w be f\nd at la/ to h be5 holi] & wis] ?an ^? :o wor%ip ! ?orns ( ! _w's s]vice1 & t to adore ! nails ( ! cross is a less s9 ?an to adore ! hamm] ( ! workman4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ?\gh ! idolatry ( ! l[] ord]s 9 ! ,romi% ,*ur* may ?us be frequ5tly excusable1 ! ord9>y subt]fuges by :i* x is def5d$ are n s4 ,x may be ext5uat$1 b _c be d5i$2 & ! attribution ( p[] to ! image1#afc 9 :i* x consi/s1 is n m]ely a =m ( popul> feel+1 b a t5et ( prie/ly in/ruction1 & may be prov$1 ov] & ov] aga91 f any book ( ! ,romi% ,*ur* s]vices4 ,take = in/ance ! foll[+ pray]1 :i* occurs cont9ually at ! close ( ! s]vice ( ! ,holy ,cross3 ,sa9cte vraye ,croye a\re1 ,qui du corps ,dieu fu a\rne ,et de sa sueur arr\se1 ,et de son sanc enlum9e1 ,p> ta v]tu1 p> ta puissance1 ,def5t mon corps de mes*ance1 ,et montroie moy p> ton playsir ,que vray confes puisse m\rir4 ,oh holy1 true1 & gold5 ,cross1 :i* wa/ adorn$ ) ,god's body1 & wat]$ ) ,8 sweat1 & illum9at$ ) ,8 blood1 by ?y heal+ virtue & ?y p[]1 def5d my body f mis*ance2 & by ?y good pleasure1 let me make a good confession :5 ,i die4 ,!re c be no possible def5ce imag9$ = ! m]e t]ms 9 :i* ?is pray] & o!r su* are c\*$3 yet x is always to be rememb]$1 t 9 _m cases !y are r poetical effusions ?an s]i\s pray]s2 ! utt]ances ( imag9ative en?usiasm1 r ?an ( reasonable conviction2 & z su*1 !y are r to be condemn$ z illusory & fictiti\s1 ?an z idolatr\s1 nor ev5 z su*1 condemn$ altoge!r1 = /rong love & fai? are (t5 ! roots ( !m & ! errors ( affection are bett] ?an ! accuracies ( apa?y4 ,b ! unhappy results1 among all religi\s sects1 ( ! habit ( all[+ imag9ative & poetical belief to take ! place ( delib]ate1 resolute1 & prosaic belief1 h be5 fully & admirably trac$ by ! au?or ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,en?usiasm4 #aa4 ,,situations ,,( ,,byzant9e ,,palaces4 7#a47 ,! ,t]rac$ ,h\se4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s pile 9 ! midmo/ rea* ( ! ,gr& ,canal is ! ,casa ,grimani1 n[ ! ,po/-,(fice4 ,lett+ 8 boat lie by ! /eps ( ?is great palace1 ! travell] w see1 on ! o!r side ( ! canal1 a build+ ) a small t]race 9 front ( x1 & a little c\rt ) a door to ! wat]1 beside ! t]race4 ,half ( ! h\se is visibly mod]n1 & !re is a great seam1 l ! edge ( a sc>1 betwe5 x & ! anci5t remnant1 9 :i* ! circul> b&s ( ! ,byzant9e ar*es w be in/antly recogniz$4 ,?is build+ n hav+1 z f> z ,i "k1 any "n except t ( its pres5t proprietor1 ,i %all 9 future di/+ui% x simply z ! ,t]rac$ ,h\se4 7#b47 ,casa ,bus9ello4 ,to ! left ( ?is edifice 7look+ f ! ,po/-,(fice7 !re is a mod]n palace1 on ! o!r side ( :i* ! ,byzant9e m\ld+s appe> aga9 9 ! fir/ & second /ories ( a h\se lately re/or$4 ,x might be ?\ght t ! %afts & ar*es _h be5 rais$ ye/]day1 ! mod]n walls hav+ be5 deftly adju/$ to !m1 & all appe>ance ( antiquity1 toge!r ) ! ornam5tation & proportions ( ! fabric1 hav+ be5 entirely de/roy$4 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 speak ) unmix$ sorr[ ( ^! *anges1 s9ce1 )\t 8 be+ implicat$ 9 ! %ame ( !m1 !y fitt$ ?is palace to become ! resid5ce ( ! k9de/ fri5d ,i _h 9 ,v5ice4 ,x is g5]ally kn[n z ! ,casa ,bus9ello4 7#c47 ,! ,braid$ ,h\se4 ,leav+ ! /eps ( ! ,casa ,grimani1 & turn+ ! gondola away f ! ,rialto1 we w pass ! ,casa ,bus9ello1 & ! ?ree h\ses :i* succe$ x on ! "r4 ,! f\r? is ano!r re/or$ palace1 :ite & conspicu\s1 b reta9+ ( its anci5t /ructure only ! five w9d[s 9 its second /ory1 & an ornam5tal m\ld+ above !m :i* appe>s to be anci5t1 ?\gh x is inaccessible )\t scaffold+1 & ,i _c !re=e answ] = x4 ,b ! five c5tral w9d[s are v valuable2 & z _! capitals diff] f mo/ t we f9d 7except 9 ,/4 ,m>k's71 9 _! plait$ or braid$ bord] & basket-work$ sides1 ,i %all call ?is h\se1 9 future1 ! ,braid$ ,h\se4#afd 7#d47 ,! ,madonnetta ,h\se4 ,on ! o!r side ( ?is palace is ! ,traghetto call$ ,della ,madonnetta2 & beyond ?is ,traghetto1 /ill fac+ ! ,gr& ,canal1 a small palace1 ( :i* ! front %[s m]e ve/iges ( arcades1 ! old %afts only be+ visible1 ) obscure circul> seams 9 ! mod]n pla/] :i* cov]s ! ar*es4 ,! side ( x is a curi\s agglom]ation ( po9t$ & r\nd w9d[s 9 e possible position1 & ( ne>ly e date f ! twelf? to ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x is ! smalle/ ( ! build+s we h to exam9e1 b by no means ! lea/ int]e/+3 ,i %all call x1 f ! "n ( its ,traghetto1 ! ,madonnetta ,h\se4 7#e47 ,! ,rio ,fosc>i ,h\se4 ,we mu/ n[ desc5d ! ,gr& ,canal z f> z ! ,palazzo ,fosc>i1 & ent] ! n>r[] canal1 call$ ! ,rio di ,ca' ,fosc>i1 at ! side ( t palace4 ,almo/ imm$iately aft] pass+ ! great gateway ( ! ,fosc>i c\rty>d1 we %all see on our left1 9 ! ru9\s & "t-/rick5 walls :i* tott] ov] ! wat]1 ! :ite curve ( a circul> ar* cov]$ ) sculpture1 & fragm5ts ( ! bases ( small pill>s1 entangl$ among fe/oons ( ! ,erba della ,madonna4 ,i h already1 9 ! folio plates :i* accompani$ ! fir/ volume1 p>tly illu/rat$ ?is build+4 ,9 :at ref]5ces ,i h to make to x "h1 ,i %all speak ( x z ! ,rio ,fosc>i ,h\se4 7#f47 ,casa ,f>setti4 ,we h n[ to reasc5d ! ,gr& ,canal1 & approa* ! ,rialto4 ,z soon z we h pass$ ! ,casa ,grimani1 ! travell] w recognize1 on 8 "r1 two ri* & ext5sive masses ( build+1 :i* =m important objects 9 almo/ e picturesque view ( ! noble bridge4 ,( ^!1 ! fir/1 t f>!/ f ! ,rialto1 reta9s great "p ( its anci5t mat]ials 9 a dislocat$ =m4 ,x has be5 entirely mod]niz$ 9 its upp] /ories1 b ! gr\nd floor & fir/ floor h ne>ly all _! orig9al %afts & capitals1 only !y h be5 %ift$ hi!r & ?i!r to give room = ! introduction ( v>i\s small ap>tm5ts1 & pres5t1 9 consequ5ce1 m>vell\s anomalies 9 proportion4 ,?is build+ is kn[n 9 ,v5ice z ! ,casa ,f>setti4 7#g47 ,casa ,lor$an4 ,! "o next to x1 ?\gh n conspicu\s1 & (t5 pass$ ) neglect1 w1 ,i believe1 be felt at la/1 by all :o exam9e x c>efully1 to be ! mo/ beautiful palace 9 ! :ole ext5t ( ! ,gr& ,canal4 ,x has be5 re/or$ (t51 once 9 ! ,go?ic1 once 9 ! ,r5aissance times1--"s writ]s say1 ev5 rebuilt2 b1 if s1 rebuilt 9 its old =m4 ,! ,go?ic additions h>monize exquisitely ) its ,byzant9e "w1 & x is easy1 z we exam9e its lovely c5tral arcade1 to =get ! ,r5aissance additions :i* encumb] x above4 ,x is kn[n z ! ,casa ,lor$an4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! eigh? palace is ! ,fondaco de' ,tur*i1 describ$ 9 ! text4 ,a n9? exi/$1 m int]e/+ app>5tly ?an any ( ^!1 ne> ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,mois1 b x 0 ?r[n d[n 9 ! c\rse ( improvem5ts a few ye>s ago4 ,a woodcut ( x is giv5 9 ,m4 ,laz>i's ,guide4 #ab4 ,,mod]n ,,pa9t+ ,,on ,,glass4 ,( all ! v>i\s pr9ciples ( art :i*1 9 mod]n days1 we h defi$ or =gott51 none are m indisputable1 & few ( m practical importance ?an ?is1 :i* ,i %all h occasion aga9 & aga9 to allege 9 support ( _m future d$uctions3 ,all art1 work+ ) giv5 mat]ials1 mu/ propose to itself ! objects :i*1 ) ^? mat]ials1 are mo/ p]fectly atta9able2 & becomes illegitimate & debas$ if x propose to itself any o!r objects1 bett] atta9able ) o!r mat]ials4 ,?us1 great sl5d]ness1 lightness1 or intricacy ( /ructure1--z 9 ramifications ( trees1 deta*$ folds ( drap]y1 or wrea?s ( hair1--is easily & p]fectly expressible 9 metal-"w or 9 pa9t+1 b only ) great difficulty & imp]fectly expressible 9 sculpture4 ,all sculpture1 !re=e1 :i* pr(esses z its *ief end ! expression ( su* *>act]s1 is debas$2 & if ! sugge/ion ( !m be accid5tally requir$ ( x1 t sugge/ion is only to be giv5 to an ext5t compatible ) p]fect ease ( execution 9 ! giv5 mat]ial1--n to ! utmo/ possible ext5t4 ,= in/ance3 "s ( ! mo/ delightful draw+s ( our own wat]-color pa9t]1 ,hunt1 h be5 ( birds' ne/s2 ( :i*1 9 pa9t+1 x is p]fectly possible to repres5t ! intricate fibr\s or mossy /ructure2 !re=e1 ! ef=t is a legitimate "o1 & ! art is well employ$4 ,b to c>ve a bird's ne/ out ( m>ble w\ld be physically impossible1 & to rea* any approximate expression ( its /ructure w\ld require prolong$ & intol]able labor4 ,!re=e1 all sculpture :i* set itself to c>v+ birds' ne/s z an end1 or :i*1 if a bird's ne/ 7 requir$ ( x1 c>v$ x to ! utmo/ possible po9t ( realization1 w\ld be debas$4 ,no?+ b ! g5]al =m1 & z mu* ( ! fibr\s /ructure z c\ld be ) p]fect ease repres5t$1 ought to be attempt$ at all4 ,b m ?an ?is4 ,! workman has n done 8 duty1 & is n work+ on safe pr9ciples1 unless he ev5 s f> honors ! mat]ials ) :i* he is work+ z to set himself to br+ out _! beauty1 & to recomm5d & exalt1 z f> z lie c1 _! peculi> qualities4 ,if he is work+ 9 m>ble1 he %\ld insi/ ^u & exhibit its transp>5cy & solidity2 if 9 iron1 its /r5g? & t5acity2 if 9 gold1 its ductility2 & he w inv>iably f9d ! mat]ial grateful1 & t 8 "w is all ! nobl] = be+ eulogi/ic ( ! sub/ance ( :i* x is made4 ,b ( all ! arts1 ! work+ ( glass is t 9 :i* we ought to keep ^! pr9ciples mo/ vigor\sly 9 m9d4 ,= we owe x s mu*1 & ! possession ( x is s great a bless+1 t all our "w 9 x %\ld be completely & =cibly expressive ( ! peculi> *>act]s :i* give x s va/ a value4 ,^! are two1 namely1 its ,,ductility :5 heat$1 & ,,transp>5cy :5 cold1 bo? ne>ly p]fect4 ,9 its employm5t = vessels1 we ought always to exhibit its ductility1 & 9 its employm5t = w9d[s1 its transp>5cy4 ,all "w 9 glass is bad :i* does n1 ) l\d voice1 proclaim "o or o!r ( ^! great qualities4 ,consequ5tly1 all cut glass is b>b>\s3 = ! cutt+ conceals its ductility1 & confuses x ) cry/al4 ,also1 all v neat1 f9i%$1 & p]fect =m 9 glass is b>b>\s3 = ?is fails 9 proclaim+ ano!r ( its great virtues2 namely1 ! ease ) :i* its light sub/ance c be m\ld$ or bl[n into any =m1 s long z p]fect accuracy be n requir$4 ,9 metal1 :i*1 ev5 :5 heat$ en\gh to be ?or\ghly malleable1 reta9s yet su* weight & consi/5cy z r5d] x susceptible ( ! f9e/ h&l+ & ret5tion ( ! mo/ delicate =m1 great precision ( workman%ip is admissible2 b 9 glass1 :i* :5 once s(t5$ mu/ be bl[n or m\ld$1 n hamm]$1 & :i* is liable to lose1 by contraction or subsid5ce1 ! f95ess ( ! =ms giv5 to x1 no delicate outl9es are to be attempt$1 b only su* fanta/ic & fickle grace z ! m9d ( ! workman c conceive & execute on ! in/ant4 ,! m wild1 extravagant1 & grotesque 9 _! gracefulness ! =ms are1 ! bett]4 ,no mat]ial is s adapt$ = giv+ full play to ! imag9ation1 b x mu/ n be wr\ght ) ref9em5t or pa9fulness1 /ill less ) co/l9ess4 ,= z 9 gratitude we are to proclaim its virtues1 s 9 all hone/y we are to confess its imp]fections2 & :ile we triumphantly set =? its transp>5cy1 we are also frankly to admit its fragility1 & !re=e n to wa/e mu* "t ^u x1 nor put any real art into x :5 int5d$ = daily use4 ,no workman ought ev] to sp5d m ?an an h\r 9 ! mak+ ( any glass vessel4 ,next 9 ! case ( w9d[s1 ! po9ts :i* we h to insi/ ^u are1 ! transp>5cy ( ! glass & its susceptibility ( ! mo/ brilliant colors2 & !re=e ! attempt to turn pa9t$ w9d[s into pretty pictures is "o ( ! mo/ gross & ridicul\s b>b>isms ( ?is pre-em95tly b>b>\s c5tury4 ,x orig9at$1 ,i suppose1 ) ! ,g]mans1 :o seem = ! pres5t di/+ui%$ among ,european nations by ! loss ( ! s5se ( color2 b x appe>s ( late to h consid]able *ance ( e/abli%+ itself 9 ,engl&3 & x is a two-edg$ error1 /rik+ 9 two directions2 fir/ at ! heal?y appreciation ( pa9t+1 & !n at ! heal?y appreciation ( glass4 ,color1 gr\nd ) oil1 & laid on a solid opaque gr\nd1 furni%es to ! human h& ! mo/ exquisite means ( expression :i* ! human sight & inv5tion c f9d or require4 ,by its two opposite qualities1 ea* naturally & easily atta9able1 ( transp>5cy 9 %ad[ & opacity 9 light1 x complies ) ! conditions ( nature2 & by its p]fect gov]nabl5ess x p]mits ! utmo/ possible fulness & subtlety 9 ! h>monies ( color1 z well z ! utmo/ p]fection 9 ! draw+4 ,glass1 consid]$ z a mat]ial = a picture1 is exactly z bad z oil pa9t is good4 ,x sets out by rev]s+ ! conditions ( nature1 by mak+ ! lights transp>5t & ! %ad[s opaque2 & ! ungov]nabl5ess ( its color 7*ang+ 9 ! furnace71 & its viol5ce 7be+ always on a high key1 because produc$ by actual light71 r5d] x s disadvantage\s 9 e way1 t ! result ( work+ 9 x = pictorial effect w\ld infallibly be ! de/ruction ( all ! appreciation ( ! noble qualities ( pictorial color4 ,9 ! second place1 ?is mod]n b>b>ism de/roys ! true appreciation ( ! qualities ( glass4 ,x d5ies1 & endeavors z f> z possible to conceal1 ! transp>5cy1 :i* is n only its great virtue 9 a m]ely utilit>ian po9t ( view1 b its great spiritual "*2 ! "* by :i* 9 *ur* ar*itecture x becomes mo/ t\*+ly impressive1 z typical ( ! entrances ( ! ,holy ,_s into ! he>t ( man2 a typical expression r5d]$ specific & int5se by ! purity & brilliancy ( its sev5fold hues2#afe & !re=e 9 endeavor+ to turn ! w9d[ into a picture1 we at once lose ! sanctity & p[] ( ! noble mat]ial1 & employ x to an end :i* is utt]ly impossible x %\ld ev] wor?ily atta94 ,! true p]fection ( a pa9t$ w9d[ is to be s]5e1 int5se1 brilliant1 l flam+ jewell]y2 full ( easily legible & qua9t subjects1 & exquisitely subtle1 yet simple1 9 its h>monies4 ,9 a ^w1 ?is p]fection has be5 consummat$ 9 ! designs1 nev] to be surpass$1 if ev] aga9 to be approa*$ by human art1 ( ! ,fr5* w9d[s ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,,footnotes #afc ,i d n l to he> ,prote/ants speak+ ) gross & un*>itable contempt ev5 ( ! wor%ip ( relics4 ,eli%a once tru/$ 8 own /aff too f>2 nor c ,i see any reasonable gr\nd = ! scorn1 or ! unk9d rebuke1 ( ^? :o h be5 taught f _! y\? upw>ds t to hope ev5 9 ! hem ( ! g>m5t may sometimes be bett] ?an to sp5d ! liv+ on physicians4 #afd ,casa ,tiepolo 787 9 ,laz>i's ,guide4 #afe ,i d n ?9k t !re is any?+ m necess>y to ! progress ( ,european art 9 ! pres5t day ?an ! complete und]/&+ ( ?is sanctity ( ,color4 ,i _h mu* pleasure 9 f9d+ x1 ! o!r day1 fully und]/ood & ?us sweetly express$ 9 a little volume ( poems by a ,miss ,mayn>d3 ,= /ill 9 e l&1 ?\gh to ,?y "n ,arose no temple1--/ill 9 e age1 ,?\gh he$less man _h q =got ,?y praise1 ,we prais$ ,!e2 & at rise & set ( sun ,did we assemble duly1 & intone ,a *oral hymn t all ! l&s might he>4 ,9 heav51 on e>?1 & 9 ! deep we prais$ ,!e1 ,s+ly1 or m+l$ 9 sweet si/]hood4 ,b n[1 ackn[l$g$ m9i/rants1 we come1 ,co-wor%ipp]s ) man 9 ?is ,?y h\se1 ,we1 ! ,sev5 ,daught]s ( ! ,light1 to praise ,!e1 ,light ( ,light6 ,!e1 ,god ( v ,god6 ,a ,dream ( ,fair ,colors4 ,^! poems seem to be o!rwise rem>kable = a v unobtrusive & pure religi\s feel+ 9 subjects connect$ ) art4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,corrections ,,made ,,to ,,! ,,orig9al ,,text4 ,page #eh3 'endeavor+ to imag9e its aspect' correct$ f 'aspeet4' ,page #hd3 'inadmissible altoge!r1 or objectionable' f 'objecjectionable4' ,page #agi3 '! surface sculpture w' correct$ f 'wiil4' ,page #ahh3 'c5tral class w always' orig9ally 'aways4' ,page #aia3 ') ! re/ ( ! _s' orig9ally 'spirt4' ,page #bjd3 '! he>t ( t languor' orig9ally 'lang\r4' ,page #bfc3 'm]ely not+ ?is "o assur$ fact' *ang$ f 'no?+4' ,footnote #acj3 ,app5di correct$ to ,app5dix4