mat]ial f ! ,google ,pr9t project47     
,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,evolution        
,,toge!r ,,) ,a ,,prelim9>y ,,essay ,,on
  ,,! ,,metaphysical ,,basis ,,(        
,,sci5ce4   ,,two ,,pap]s  ,read be=e   
,,! ,,wiscons9 ,,academy ,,( ,,sci5ces1 
,,arts1 ,,& ,,lett]s at ! ,annual       
,meet+s ( ,febru>y1 #ahgc & ,febru>y1   
#ahgd4  ,,by  ,,/eph5 ,h4 ,,c>p5t]1     
,,ll4 ,d41  ,pr(essor ( ,logic1 etc41 9 
! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons91 & ,presid5t ( 
! ,dep>tm5t ( ,speculative ,philosophy 9
 ! ,wiscons9 ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 ,arts1
 & ,lett]s4   ,,repr9t$ ,,f ,,!         
,,academy',s ,,transactions4            
,,madison1 ,,wis43 ,,atwood  ,,culv]1   
,,pr9t]s ,,& ,,/]eotyp]s4 #ahgd4     ,,!
 ,,metaphysical ,,basis ,,( ,,sci5ce4   
,all k is ess5tially "o4 ,! object-matt]
 ^u :i* intellect ex]ts itself1 does n  
affect ! subjective act ( kn[+4         
,physics1 :5 /ripp$ ( t :i* is m]ely    
cont+5t1 becomes metaphysics4 ,physical 
sci5ce deals ) object-matt]1 & discusses
 ! signs by :i* nature communicates h]  

message--t is1 ph5om5a4 ,metaphysical   
sci5ce has to d ) ! subject-m9d1 &      
discusses ! mean+ ( ! message4 ,! "o    
conv]ts ,god's hi]oglyphics into        
easily-intelligible language2 ! o!r     
translates ?is language into ,idea4 ,if 
?is be true1 !re mu/ be a unity ( me?od 
9 all sci5ce1 h[ev] great ! div]sity ( !
 object-matt] inve/igat$4 ,?is me?od is 
subjectively det]m9$1 t is1 by !        
con/itution ( ! m9d1 & n by ! p>ticul>  
=m ( matt] ^u :i* intellectual en]gy may
 be ex]t$4 ,if !re is an ess5tial unity 
9 all k1 x is because !re is a          
correspond+ unity ( me?od 9 all m5tal   
activity4 ,x is only :5 we look ^u :at  
is to be kn[n1 t tru? sep>ates into     
sci5ces2 b p>ticul> tru?s become        
p>ticul> sci5ces only "u assum$         
relations to ! :ole ( :i* !y =m a "p4   
,objectively consid]$1 sci5ce is        
classifi$ k2 subjectively view$1 x is ! 
laws or pr9ciples accord+ to :i* k is   
classifi$4 ,e actor implies an act--e   
?9k] a ?\ght4 ,we may !re=e univ]sally  

make ?is dual classification1 accord+ z 
we view ! m5tal op]ation involv$1 or !  
attributes ( objects :i* =m ! subject ( 
?\ght4 ,! possibility ( sci5ce is       
condition$ ^u ! possibility (           
classification4 ,m]e k is n sci5ce1 z ! 
_w ought to h le>n$ by co/ly exp]i5ce4  
,ev5 classifi$ k may n be sci5ce2 x     
becomes sci5ce n ?r\gh previ\s          
classification1 b 9 ! act ( be+         
classifi$1 & !re=e only z ! pr9ciple (  
classification is appreh5d$--t is1 only 
z ! p>ticul> application ( ! law (      
g5]alization is di/9ctly recogniz$4 ,a  
man may "k a book & "k no?+ m2 he kn[s !
 sci5ce only :5 he is capable ( mak+ !  
book = himself4 ,m]e k ?us diff]s f     
sci5ce 9 t ! "o is held only by !       
appreh5sive p[]s ( ! m9d1 :ile ! o!r    
passes beyond ^! into ! reflective or   
ratioc9ative4 ,pure sci5ce1 !n1 mu/ be  
:olly ab/ract4 ,! =ms & sub/ances (     
,nature ) :i* ! sci5tific /ud5t deals1  
are only ! discrete figures ( ! "y      
ma!matician1 to be ?r[n aside ) advanc+ 

k4 ,matt] is only ! /aff on :i* ! m9d   
leans1 :ile too feeble to g alone4 ,x is
 n ! f9ely *isel$ /atue t r5d]s a man a 
sculptor2 x is ! conception :i* is !re9 
embodi$4 ,a day-labor] may h cut ! /one1
 b only ! arti/ c\ld conceive ! idea4 ,s
 9 sci5ce1 we c>e b little = ! p>ticul> 
results at :i* we arrive1 comp>$ ) !    
laws1 accord+ to :i* ! results h be5    
atta9$4  ,b conceptions _c be           
communicat$ )\t be+ r5d]$ objective4 ,! 
ideal ( ! arti/ is lock$ up 9 8 own m9d1
 until on canvas1 9 m>ble1 or by means (
 "s o!r physical symbol1 he communicates
 8 high imag9+s4 ,matt]1 !n1 accord+ to 
! pres5t con/itution ( ?+s is !         
condition ( intellectual communication4 
,law _c be /udi$ z ab/ract law2 x c be  
/udi$ only :ile act+1 & t :i* exhibits  
?is activity mu/ be matt]--some?+ :i* w 
always & uni=mly obey4 ,!re c be no     
conception ( =ce except z act+1 & ! sole
 m$ium ( su* activity is matt]4 ,?us    
aga91 matt] is ! condition ( all        
communication f nature to man4 ,sci5ce  

is ?us1 9 a measure1 det]m9$ by !       
conditions ( its discov]y &             
communication4 ,b we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 
an inv>iable condition & t :i* is ?us   
condition$4 ,matt] is n sci5ce2 x is    
only ! condition ( its discov]y &       
communication4 ,air is n he>+2 x is !   
condition ( he>+4 ,we d n /udy matt] = !
 sake ( ! matt] :5 we /udy sci5ce1 b = !
 sake ( ! law communicat$ to u 9 ^!     
*anges ( matt]1 & ,law is a             
metaphysical1 n a physical idea4        
,reason1 n s5se1 appreh5ds x4 ,law is1 s
 to speak1 =mulat$ 9 ! physical1 b x is 
n mat]ial4 ,matt] is only ! vehicle (   
sci5ce1 z language is ! vehicle ( ?\ght4
  ,x is pla91 !n1 t j z 9 ma!matics we h
 a division into pure & mix$1 accord+ z 
we deal ) matt] 9 ! ab/ract or 9 !      
concrete1 s we may 9 any sci5ce make a  
correspond+ division1 accord+ z we      
conf9e our att5tion to ! laws reveal$ by
 matt] or to ! matt] reveal+ ! laws3 9  
o!r words2 j z we give att5tion to !    
ideas ( ! message1 or to ! language 9   

:i* x is communicat$4 ,! language mu/   
fir/ be le>n$1 b ! words us$ to         
communicate ! message may be sep>ately  
und]/ood1 & yet ! mean+ ( ! message     
:olly miss$4 ,kn[+ only ! "o makes a    
*>latan2 kn[+ ! o!r makes a savan4 ,!   
sci5ces bas$ ^u ?is objective /udy (    
,nature are d5om9at$ ,natural ,sci5ces2 
& because !y lisp ! fir/ syllables (    
,nature's message to man1 !y %\ld be 8  
prim>y tea*]s4 ,x is by _! aid t !      
univ]sal message ( ,god to man mu/ be   
read4 ,!y =m1 z x 71 a public highway   
lead+ f ,nature to ,god4 ,b ! difficulty
 is t obs]v+ m5 become s absorb$ 9      
admir+ "s spl5did piece ( ,div9e eng9e]+
 t !y /op to gaze & wond]1 until los+   
sight ( ev]y?+ above & beyond1 !y refuse
 to advance1 fondly imag9+ t !y h rea*$ 
! end ( ! j\rney4  ,! sci5ce bas$ ^u ?is
 subjective /udy ( ,nature is call$     
metaphysics4 ,logic has be5 def9$ z ,!  
,sci5ce ( ,?\ght2 x %\ld be t]m$ ,!     
,sci5ce ( ,?9k+4 ,x is n a dead body :i*
 we are /udy+ by dissection1 b a liv+1  

vital ,=ce1 :i* we /udy by obs]v+ its   
activities4 ,we f9d "h ! same error :i* 
we f9d else:]e--a /opp+ ) ! mat]ial     
symbol1 & an ignor+ ( ! intellectual =ce
 :i* clo!d itself ) ! symbol4 ,a/ronomy 
is n ! sci5ce ( circles & sph]es1       
ellipses & ellipsoids1 b ( ! ,=ce ^:    
s5sible utt]ances are giv5 9 ^! curves4 
,we might z well call ,pa9t+ ! sci5ce ( 
pictures1 or ,sculpture ! sci5ce (      
/atues4 ,s ,language1 ! m$ium ( ?\ght1  
is only a symbol1 less mat]ial inde$ ?an
 pictures & /atues1 b /ill physical4    
,:at we want 9 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,?9k+ is n !
 k ( symbols1 b ! k ( t :i* is          
symboliz$4 ,! *emi/ does n c>e = !      
comp\nds he f9ds 9 8 retort2 he seeks   
aft] ! tru? :i* ^! comp\nds =mulate4    
,metaphysics & ,physics evid5tly agree 9
 ?is2 t bo? are seek+ to frame an       
articulate utt]ance ( ! ,idea giv5 9 !  
div]se manife/ations ( ,=ce--! ,idea :i*
 includes all ,pot5cies1 ! summ+ up (   
all ph5om5a into t f9al g5]alization :i*
 includes ! intellectual z well z !     

mat]ial1 until at la/ we rea* ! ess5tial
 unity ( all ,tru?4  ,sci5ce1 !n1 is    
classification1 or ! discov]y ( !       
pr9ciples ( classification1 r ?an an    
arbitr>y acqua9tance ) ?+s classifi$4 ,e
 sci5ce1 h[ev]1 mu/ h an objective      
expression--t is1 mu/ be =mulat$4 ,9    
?is1 bo? metaphysical & physical sci5ce 
agree2 ! only diff]5ce 9 ?is respect is1
 t 9 ,physics1 ,nature gives u 9 ! fir/ 
place ! mat]ial int]pretation ( !       
idea--t is1 ! basis (                   
classification--:i* we h only to        
translate into idea3 :ile 9 metaphysics1
 we fir/ h ! idea to :i* we mu/ furni% !
 objective utt]ance4 ,we see "h !       
precise diff]5ce betwe5 :at is call$ !  
logical & ! natural me?od--! "o be+     
usually call$ ! rev]se ( ! o!r4 ,!      
diff]5ce is n s mu* a diff]5ce 9        
intellectual proc$ure z 9 objective     
expression4 ,= in/ance3 ,! botani/ has  
be=e him ! :ole range ( vegetable =ms4  
,he notes resemblances & diff]5ces1 &   
gr\ps plants into species & g5]a1 b 8 "w

 is n end$ :5 ^! are nam$ & kn[n1 & _!  
qualities discov]$4 ,he is seek+ amid/  
^! multif>i\s =ms = ! law ( vegetable   
gr[? & reproduction4 ,e organ ( ! plant 
is ! symbol ( an idea1 & ^! ideas =m !  
sci5ce ( ,botany4 ,^! ,ideas are        
metaphysical--t is intellectual1 & only 
_! s5sible manife/ation is physical4 ,! 
symbols ( ^! ,ideas1 be+ giv5 9 ,nature1
 mu/ be le>n$ f obs]vation be=e !y c be 
us$ intellig5tly1 j z words mu/ be le>n$
 be=e "o c speak a language4 ,ma/]y ( ! 
means ( expression is z ess5tial to !   
communication ( ideas an is ! possession
 ( ! ideas !mselves4 ,! botani/ obs]ves 
an individual plant1 & notes its        
*>act]i/ics4 ,he obs]ves o!rs :i*       
possess "s ( ^! *>act]i/ics :il/ o!rs   
are want+4 ,he =ms a class-type f ^!    
agree+ attributes1 & gives ?is new      
collocation ( *>act]i/ics a "n4 ,nature 
nev] pres5ts ?is class-type absolutely2 
x is f\nd n[h]e b 9 intellect4 ,:at has 
! botani/ done b to retranslate !       
communication ( ,nature into ,idea1 & !n

 to express ?is idea by less complicat$ 
& less physical symbols8 ,man's prov9ce 
9 ?is case is simply to int]pret !      
hi]oglyphics ( ,nature into a m readily 
compreh5d$ language--to express t simply
 :i* nature has express$ confus$ly4 ,!  
sci5ti/ re/ricts himself to !           
int]pretation ( a s+le class ( symbols1 
z ! ,botani/ to plants1 ! ,zoologi/ to  
animals1 b ! end s\ght 9 ea* case is !  
same--t is1 to *ange all ^! physical    
utt]ances ( ,nature into ,idea1 & to    
secure = ?is ,idea a me?od ( expression 
involv+ ! lea/ possible mat]iality (    
symbol--t is1 to *ange individual facts 
& ph5om5a into g5]al pr9ciples1 :i*1    
because ab/ract1 are un*angeable4 ,:5   
?is has be5 done1 ! "w ( ! ,naturali/   
ceases1 b ! "w ( ,man1 ! ,?9k] is n     
done2 x is only j begun4 ,by assum+ !   
ultimate expressions ( ! v>i\s natural  
sci5ces z individual & n z typical1 we c
 treat ! tru?s rea*$ by !m precisely z !
 ,botani/ treat$ plants1 &1 reject+     
po9ts ( ( diff]5ce1 may f9d 9 !m all "s 

c5tral idea4 ,?is is ! prov9ce ( !      
metaphysician4 ,he seeks ! law ( ,idea1 
he det]m9es ! law ( ,?9k+1 j z all o!r  
laws are det]m9$1 f a /udy ( ! symbols  
=mulat+ its expression 9 ,nature4 ,:5   
?is law has be5 di/9ctly enunciat$1 &   
fre$ f all int]mixture ) ! cont+5t1 !n !
 "w ( ! metaphysician ceases1 ! summum  
g5us has be5 rea*$4 ,! tru?s communicat$
 9 ! symbols ( ,nature1 h be5 correlat$ 
& enunciat$1 & f9ally translat$ f !     
dialect ( man ! physical into ! language
 ( man ! intellectual4 ,physical sci5ce 
det]m9es ! sep>ate words ( ?is message (
 ,god1 ! lett]s ( :i* are scatt]$       
?r\gh\t ,nature4 ,metaphysics comb9es ^!
 words into propositions :i* enunciate a
 di/9ct tru?4 ,!re is !re=e nei!r       
conflict nor v>iation betwe5 ! me?od (  
,logic & ! me?od ( ,nature4 ,! movem5t (
 bo? is 9 ! same direction2 ! only      
diff]5ce is 9 ! po9t ( />t+4 ,& ano!r   
tru? no less important1 :i* foll[s f !  
=ego+ discussion1 is t ! me?od ( ,nature
 is fundam5tal to ! me?od ( ,logic4     

,physics %\ld prec$e metaphysics1 b n   
exclude x2 bo? are ess5tial to e true   
sci5ce1 & physics1 :i* /ops ) physics1  
leads man by dazzl+ promises into "s    
,utopian des]t only to leave him !re to 
die ( hung]4 ,& x is no less true t     
metaphysics1 )\t ?is basis 9 exp]im5tal 
sci5ce1 is illusory & untru/wor?y1 :]ev]
 ! orig9al data are necess>ily          
empirical4  ,two conditions are ?us     
necess>y to all sci5ce3 a body ( kn[able
 tru? capable ( be+ sy/ematiz$2 & an    
intellig5ce capable ( appreh5d+ &       
sy/ematiz+ x4 ,"o ( ^! conditions is    
physical & "o is metaphysical2 & all    
true sci5ce mu/ be ! resultant ( ,law & 
,idea1 ! ,objective & ! ,subjective1 !  
tw9 =ces ( ,nature & ,man4 ,if ei!r ( ^!
 conditions be want+1 !re c be no true  
sci5ce1 = sci5ce c nei!r be evolv$ f !  
dep?s ( ! p]sonal consci\sness1 nor c ! 
scatt]$ lett]s ( sci5tific tru?1 z giv5 
9 nature1 arrange !mselves into ! words 
( a significant message4 ,k mu/ be      
classifi$ be=e x is sci5ce1 & t :i*     

classifies c only be intellect--discov]+
 & enunciat+ ?is classification accord+ 
to ! laws ( m5tal action4 ,z prom95ce is
 giv5 to "o or o!r ( ^! two conditions  
we h ! division into ,logical &         
,natural1 b ! fundam5tal pr9ciple (     
classification is ! same 9 bo?--x be+   
simply ! law ( intellectual action--j z 
! law :i* gov]ns ! action ( ! lev]s ( a 
loom w det]m9e ! patt]n ( ! wov5 fabric4
 ,!re c1 !re=e1 be no conflict betwe5 ! 
me?ods ( ,logic & ^? ( ,nature4 ,!      
det]m9+ elem5t 9 all classification1    
:e!r ( ! ph5om5a ( ,m9d or ( ! gross]   
ph5om5a ( ,matt] is uni=mly & always !  
same--! law ( intellectual action4      
,sci5ce !n resolves itself into a       
det]m9ation ( ?is ,law ( m5tal activity1
 s t 9 an ultimate analysis1 all sci5ce 
is metaphysical1 j z all sci5ce prim>ily
 is physical4 ,"h1 z else:]e1 ,law c be 
/udi$ only 9 its objective              
manife/ations4 ,! ,law ( ,?9k+ c be     
educ$ only f express$ ,?\ght1 b ! ,law  
is n objective ?\ght1 any m ?an ! idea (

 ! sculptor is m>ble1 or ! conception ( 
! pa9t] is pa9t4 ,! simple/ expression (
 ?\ght is n ! syllogism b ! logical     
proposition4 ,n[1 x is pla9 t if !      
proposition is ! =mulation--! mat]ial   
repres5tative ( ?\ght--if we /udy x z we
 /udy o!r natural symbols1 we w f9d 9 x 
! fundam5tal ,law ( ,?9k+1 & ultimately 
! fundam5tal ,law ( all ,sci5ce3 j z1 if
 x 7 possible to r$uce all elem5t>y     
sub/ances to "o1 ! *emi/ w\ld be able to
 f9d 9 t "o a cond5s$ expression (      
*emical sci5ce4  ,:at !n is a           
proposition8 ,simply /at$1 x is !       
ass]tion ( relation betwe5 two t]ms2 or 
m ab/ractly1 x is ! ref]5ce ( an        
individual to its species--! ass]tion ( 
a classification4 ,we f9d "h ! same     
duality :i* we notic$ above4 ,if we give
 prom95ce to ! individual notion1 we    
consid] ! proposition 9 ext5sion2 if we 
turn our att5tion to ! specific notion  
we consid] ! proposition 9 int5tion3 9 !
 "o case ref]r+ to ! individuals compos+
 ! class1 9 ! o!r to ! attributes       

compos+ ! class-type4 ,! fir/           
corresponds to induction1 ! second to   
d$uction4 ,:5 we /udy individuals we    
/udy physics2 :5 we /udy ! attributes   
compos+ ! class-type1 we /udy           
metaphysics4 ,! ,law ( ,?9k+ z educ$ f a
 /udy ( ! proposition is ! law (        
classification4 ,! proposition1 consid]$
 affirmatively1 ass]ts explicitly       
agreem5t betwe5 c]ta9 attributes ( two  
t]ms2 t is1 x ass]ts a classification4  
,! aim ( sci5ce is to rea* ?is          
proposition1 to discov] & ass]t !       
pr9ciple ( classification--9 o!r words1 
to =mulate metaphysically :at nature has
 pres5t$ physically4 ,we mu/ f9d1 !n1 ! 
fir/ or fundam5tal law ( ?9k+ 9 ?is     
integration or classification4 ,?is     
fundam5tal law may be subdivid$ into two
 species1 accord+ to ! two t]ms ( !     
proposition2 ( :i* ! fir/ may be /at$   
?us3 ,e possible object ( ?\ght is to a 
c]ta9 ext5t id5tical ) e o!r2 & z !     
proposition implicitly /ates            
disagreem5t1 ! second may be /at$ ?us3  

,e possible object ( ?\ght is to a c]ta9
 ext5t div]se f e o!r4 ,! fir/ gives !  
positive 7subjective7 condition ( !     
proposition1 ! second ! negative        
7objective7 condition3 bo? toge!r       
con/itute ! conditions ( ?9k+4 ,!       
proposition is ?us ! ass]tion ( ! same 9
 ! diff]5t4 ,! proposition also ass]ts1 
implicitly1 ! t]tium quid1 or ! basis ( 
classification--! class-type1 to :i* bo?
 t]ms are ref]r$--t is1 ! proposition   
second>ily ass]ts an analysis4 ,accord+ 
to ! fir/ condition we h ! inductive    
process2 accord+ to ! second we h !     
d$uctive process4 ,a complete movem5t ( 
idea f its purely physical symbolization
 to its metaphysical int]pretation1 mu/ 
involve bo? ^! processes4  ,! m9d       
possesses ! p[] ( analysis2 x c wat* its
 own op]ations & retrace its /eps1 until
 x arrives at ! orig9al data (          
consci\sness2 b analysis _c comprise !  
:ole ( ! logical process4 ,be=e !re c be
 analysis !re mu/ be some?+ to be       
analyz$2 be=e /eps c be retrac$1 !y mu/ 

be tak54 ,we mu/ n conf\nd a condition )
 a ,law--! "o is a conception antec$5t  
to all action1 a g5us to :i* ! p>ticul> 
activity may be ref]r$2 ! o!r is        
co9cid5t ) action4 ,! "o is ! m$ium ( ! 
o!r4 ,we may illu/rate ?is idea by      
sci5ce itself1 :i* is rea*$ only by an  
analysis ( ,art4 ,matt] is ! condition (
 ! expression ( an idea2 h5ce to all b !
 arti/1 ,art mu/ prec$e ,sci5ce1 b ?is  
_c be 9 ! case ( ! arti/2 9 8 m9d !     
,idea is fir/ conceiv$1 & !re x is giv5 
expression 9 ! =ms ( ,art4 ,"h1 z       
uni=mly 9 ,nature1 ! :ole absolutely    
prec$es ! "p--! univ]sal exi/s be=e !   
p>ticul>--,god be=e man4 ,tru? absolute 
?us exi/s be=e tru? condition$4 ,sci5ce 
be=e ,art4 ,remove conditions & !       
condition$ becomes ! absolute2 art &    
sci5ce co9cide4 ,b tru? :i* is assum$ to
 be out ( all relations1 _c be          
compreh5d$ by man1 & practically is n4  
,ev5 ! univ]sal propositions ( d$uction 
express univ]sality "u conditions--t is 
univ]sality ( relation2 j z inf9ity 9   

ma!matics means t :i* passes measurem5t1
 :ile 9 fact betwe5 inf9ity & measurem5t
 !re is no relation1 & ! inf9ite is ?us 
incompreh5sible z an object ( ?\ght1    
al?\gh by no means unrecognizable z a   
necess>y condition antec$5t to all      
intellectual action4 ,x is ( vital      
importance t we note ?is di/9ction1     
because reason+1 i4 e4 classification1  
is possible only s long z we deal ) :at 
is admitt$ to be "u relation3 if we     
assume a t]m to be out ( all relation1 x
 ceases to be an object ( ?\ght--x c    
nei!r be classifi$ nor unclassifi$2 x is
 beyond reason4 ,ma!matics c proce$ )   
its inve/igations only s long z x treats
 all quantities z measurable2 x mu/     
:olly cease its calculations if an      
inf9ite t]m be introduc$4 ,to claim t   
analysis repres5ts ! complete normal    
action ( ! intellect 9 reason+1 is      
ultimately to claim t ! initial po9t (  
?9k+ is ! summum g5us ( ?\ght--,god4 ,n[
 ,god is und\bt$ly ! initial po9t (     
absolute ?\ght1 b he is n ! beg9n+ (    

human ?\ght4 ,intellectually speak+1    
,god is ! f9al g5]alization2 e movem5t  
possible to him mu/ be "o ( analysis--a 
diff]5tiation ( ,himself1 s to speak1 by
 negatives4 ,?us ! c\rse ( absolute     
,?\ght1 beg9n+ ) ,god1 mu/ be fir/ t[>ds
 a complete diff]5tiation into ultimate 
individualization2 & la/ly a complete   
integration aga9 ( individuals into an  
inf9ite :ole4 ,?is dual action completes
 ! circle ( intellectual activity4 ,we h
 dropp$ attribute aft] attribute until  
we h rea*$ ! la/ possible analysis2 b we
 d n /op "h1 b by ! assumption (        
attributes we aga9 rea* ! highe/        
possible syn!sis4 ,?is mu/ be ! me?od ( 
! div9e activity1 successive            
diff]5tiation & integration1 ! clos+ 9 (
 a mighty circle ( inf9ity1 embrac+ all 
! f9ite1 b nev] los+ ! ess5tial         
*>act]i/ic ( ! inf9ite4  ,n[1 if ?is    
also repres5t ! exact movem5t ( ! f9ite 
m9d 9 action--t is1 9 reason+1 man mu/  
be ,god4 ,man is f9ite4 ,ev5 8 inf9ite  
is only ! immeasurable--n t :i* is )\t !

 category ( measure4 ,he _c beg9 :]e !  
,inf9ite beg9s1 at ! highe/ possible    
g5]alization1--b he mu/ beg9 ) ! f9ite4 
,if :at we h %[n above be true1 man mu/ 
beg9 ) ! individual1 & ! fir/ m5tal act 
( ! positive "* ( ?9k+1 is ! ref]5ce (  
?is individual notion to a class4 ,n[ ! 
class-notion is ! same z ! individual   
notion1 less c]ta9 attributes z         
individual attributes1 b ga!r$ into a   
l>g] :ole4 ,?is process is pla9ly       
integration2 we are reject+ f ! new     
conception :atev] prev5ts enl>g+ !      
class4 ,ea* high] g5]alization involves 
all ! attributes ( ! l[]1 n             
individually1 b specifically or         
g5]ically4 ,9 ! f9al g5]alization1      
ext5sion & int5sion coalesce4 ,j z we   
rea* ! individual by diff]5tiat+ a      
univ]sal ?r\gh successive negations1 we 
rea* ! univ]sal aga91 by integration1 by
 successively d5y+ ! negations ?r\gh :i*
 we j n[ diff]5tiat$4 ,! movem5t ( !    
f9ite m9d 9 reason+ is ?us f !          
individual ?r\gh ! univ]sal to !        

individual aga94  ,sci5ce ?us p>ts into 
two great bran*es--"o seek+ to e/abli%  
pr9ciples by :at we h call$ integration1
 & ! o!r ! elucidation ( facts by a     
priori reason+ in/ead ( obs]vation4 ,t  
is1 ! aim ( true sci5ce is to free man f
 ! re/rictions ( ! f9ite1 & to place him
 9 possession ( ! inf9ite--! clos+ 9 ( a
 less] circle ( inf9ite tru?1 yet nev]  
los+ hold ^u ! f9ite4 ,9 accordance )   
?is view we see sci5ce pursu+ its       
integrations until x has id5tifi$ z     
compos+ an ess5tial unity all ! v>i\s   
manife/ations ( =ce4 ,?is is ! f9ite    
becom+ ! inf9ite1 = unity is1 9 s f>1   
inf9ity--,god is "o1 a unity1 n a unit4 
,b we also see sci5ce go+ beyond ?is    
po9t1 & by a new s]ies ( diff]5tiations 
rea*+ tru?s new to exp]i5ce1 if inde$ n 
impossible to exp]i5ce4  ,betwe5 ^! two 
limits all k is =ev] mov+4 ,x c nev]    
re/4 ,! tide ( ?\ght sweeps onw>d t[>ds 
! inf9ite--,god foll[+ x to its f9al    
absorption into ! ,i ,am1 simple        
be+1--:ile f9ite man1 because ( 8       

f9it5ess1 c only rea* ^? univ]sals :i*  
are inf9ite only to human ?\ght4 ,l m5  
on a j\rney we leave ! tra9 :5 we h     
rea*$ our j\rney's end1 b ! tra9 passes 
on out ( sight 9 ! di/ance1 s5d+ back1  
n[ & !n1 tok5s ( its progress1 z x      
?und]s ov] a bridge1 or :i/les %rill z x
 ne>s "s fur!r /opp+ place1 until at la/
 all is /ill1 n because ! tra9 has      
/opp$1 b because we c foll[ x no fur!r )
 our s5ses4 ,ev5 aft] sci5ce has rea*$ !
 utmo/ limit possible to x1 x is n      
satisfi$ to re/ !re1 b />ts at once ^u  
its return trip1 to br+ to notice       
undiscov]$ facts hidd5 9 ^! mighty      
g5]alizations4 ,?us ! p5dulum (         
intellectual activity unceas+ly vibrates
 betwe5 ! inf9ite & ! f9ite1 nev] re/+1 
because ,idea & ,matt]1 ! =ce ( ,man & !
 =ce ( ,nature c nev] be completely     
id5tifi$4     ,,! ,,philosophy ,,(      
,,evolution4   ,! intellectual processes
 ( a rational be+ mu/ proce$ accord+ to 
"s law4 ,!y _c succe$ ea* o!r at        
hap-haz>d4 ,! notion ( rationality is   

condition$ ^u ?is regul> proc$ure2 if   
?is be want+1 ! ess5tial "* ( rational  
action is want+4 ,b to say t rational   
processes are det]m9$ by law1 &         
condition$ ^u a regul> proc$ure1 is     
simply to ass]t t ! /eps 9 ratioc9ation 
are s relat$ to ea* o!r t ! relation (  
ea* to e o!r may be det]m9$ by !        
application ( ! law--! diff]5ce betwe5  
any two /eps be+ analog\s to ! diff]5ce 
betwe5 any o!r two4 ,! a/ronom] det]m9es
 ! orbit ( a planet f ?ree obs]vations1 
because he !reby det]m9es ! law (       
v>iation betwe5 ^! po9ts2 f :i* he      
assumes t ?is law w be con/ant1 pres5t+ 
a s]ies ( t]ms ea* diff]5tiat$ accord+ !
 s]ies ( diff]5ces already det]m9$4     
,apply+ ! same pr9ciple to m5tal        
ph5om5a1 we may det]m9e ! law (         
intellectual action4 ,?\ghts are        
discrim9at$ by ! pres5ce or abs5ce (    
c]ta9 attributes4 ,at "o extreme we f9d 
! summum g5us1 compris+ ! fewe/ possible
 attributes di/+ui%+ an idea2 at ! o!r  
extreme we f9d ! individual1 compris+   

any numb] ( attributes4 ,betwe5 ^! two  
extremes we f9d a regul> s]ies (        
int]m$iate t]ms4 ,! movem5t ( an idea f 
! g5]al to ! individual is l ! motion ( 
a planet ?r\gh "o-half ( its orbit2 :ile
 ! return movem5t f ! individual to !   
g5]al1 corresponds to ! motion ( !      
planet ov] ! rema9+ half ( its orbit4 ,!
 same law gov]ns bo? movem5ts & unites !
 two halves ( ! orbit into a s+le :ole2 
& a s]ies ( obs]vations tak5 at equal   
di/ances1 w1 by ! uni=mity ( diff]5ces  
pres5t$1 reveal ! op]ation ( ! same law 
9 ?is dual manife/ation4 ,^u exam9+ !   
processes ( d$uction & induction1 we f9d
 9 ea* ! same s]ies ( t]ms1 diff]+ only 
9 ! fact t !y are 9 inv]se ord]1 & ?is  
correspond5ce reveals ! op]ation ( "o & 
! same law4 ,an inductive s]ies is only 
a d$uctive s]ies read backw>d4 ,any two 
t]ms 9 a s]ies :e!r inductive or        
d$uctive1 diff] only 9 ! degree (       
g5]ality1 & diff] simil>ly f a ?ird t]m1
 s t two be+ kn[n ! ?ird c be !refrom   
det]m9$4 ,9 a d$uctive s]ies ! t]ms     

diff] by a con/ant increase 9 ! numb] ( 
individualiz+ attributes--a concept be+ 
exp&$ into a d$uctive s]ies by su*      
regul> additions4 ,hav+ two t]ms we c   
proce$ to ! ?ird--t is1 f two           
propositions express+ ?is relation1 we c
 proce$ to a conclusion4 ,9 an inductive
 s]ies ! t]ms diff] by a con/ant        
dim9ution 9 ! numb] ( individualiz+     
attributes--an individual t]m be+ exp&$ 
into an inductive s]ies1 by successively
 dropp+ ! attributes :i* compose !      
individual t]m1 until we rea* ! requir$ 
degree ( g5]alization4  ,?\ght mu/      
proce$ 9 "o ( ^! two directions4 ,!     
object-matt] ( ?\ght be+ compos$ :olly (
 attributes c diff] only 9 ! pres5ce or 
abs5ce ( c]ta9 attributes4 ,a           
comb9ation1 !n1 ( ^! two movem5ts mu/   
complete ! intellectual orbit4 ,!       
direction ( ! movem5t ( ! m9d w be      
det]m9$ by ! end propos$4 ,:5 we possess
 ! k ( ph5om5a & wi% to discov] law--t  
is1 :5 we seek in=mation--we proce$ by  
induction1 f ! individual to ! g5]al4   

,:5 possess$ ( k1 we wi% to discov] its 
applications1 :5 kn[+ ! law1 we wi% to  
det]m9e ! ph5om5a necess>ily result+    
!refrom1 we proce$ by d$uction--f !     
g5]al to ! individual4 ,complete k1 !n1 
consi/s 9 ! highe/ possible             
g5]alization1 & ! expansion ( ?is t]m   
into a s]ies1 end+ only ) ! la/ possible
 individualization4 ,! aim ( physical   
sci5ce is to det]m9e t half ( !         
intellectual orbit :i* lies betwe5 !    
individual & ! g5]al--! aim (           
metaphysical sci5ce is to trace ! o!r   
half :i* lies betwe5 ! g5]al & !        
individual4 ,:5 we seek to "k :at is1 we
 proce$ by induction--! me?od ( !       
ph5om5al4 ,:51 kn[+ :at is1 we proce$ to
 det]m9e :at h5ce mu/ be1 we proce$ by  
d$uction--! me?od ( ! ,necess>y4 ,?us   
,sci5ce1 at fir/ seek+ pr9ciples1       
proce$s by induction to e/abli% !m2 b   
aft] ^! fundam5tal pr9ciples h be5      
e/abli%$1 x proce$s d$uctively to       
det]m9e :at mu/ result f !m1 )\t wait+  
to discov] ^! tru?s by obs]vation4  ,k  

is ?us complete j 9 proportion to !     
ext5sion ( its scope ?r\gh g5]alization4
 ,! high] ! g5]alization1 ! m inclusive 
w x be1 & ! summum g5us1 or ! f9al      
g5]alization1 w be ! highe/ atta9able   
rea* ( k4 ,:5 man c make no fur!r       
g5]alization1 8 k w be1 9 s f>1 absolute
 & complete1 & all t rema9s possible to 
him w be ! practical application ( :at  
he already kn[s4 ,p]fect k is no?+ b    
p]fect g5]alization4 ,! ,supreme        
,intellig5ce be+ hypo!tically possess$ (
 all k1 t is1 hav+ discrim9at$ !        
absolute summum g5us1 c proce$ no fur!r 
9 ?is direction2 8 intellectual activity
 mu/ be ex]t$ 9 a desc5d+ s]ies1 or f ! 
g5]al t[>ds ! individual1 & ?is process 
mu/ be1 z we h se5 above1 by a det]m9ate
 s]ies ( /eps1 fix$ by ! op]ation ( a   
def9ite law1 :i* law proce$s by !       
successive addition ( attributes to !   
g5]al4  ,complete k1 be+ complete       
g5]alization1 ! l9es ( all sci5ce w     
necess>ily conv]ge1 z !y approa* ?is    
g5]alization1 until all sci5ces coalesce

 9 "o sci5ce1 & all tru? is r$uc$ to a  
s+le expression 9 ! utt]ance ( ! f9al   
conception4 ,9 accordance ) ! laws (    
?9k+1 ?is g5]al t]m is rea*$ by         
successive omissions ( p>ticul>iz+      
attributes1 until at la/ we rea* ,be+--!
 absolute summum g5us1 :olly free f     
individual attributes1 & !reby embrac+  
ev]y?+ possible to ?\ght1 :e!r mat]ial  
or immat]ial4 ,b ?is summum g5us mu/ be 
pr$icable ( ?is :ole4 ,matt] & m9d may  
?us be r$uc$ to a s+le category1 & !    
physical & ! intellectual f9ally        
coalesce 9 ?is la/ g5]alization4        
,mat]ialism & idealism ?us diff] m]ely 9
 ! degree ( g5]alization rea*$--or r !y 
bo? agree 9 avoid+ ! f9al g5]alization  
:i* id5tifies bo? matt] & m9d4          
,mat]ialism mu/ always deal ) !         
individual1 = matt] c appe> "u no o!r   
=m4 ,idealism mu/ always re/ ^u ! g5]al1
 = ?\ght1 to be ?\ght1 mu/ /ate a       
g5]alization4 ,ea*1 h[ev]1 f9ds its     
explanation 9 ! o!r1 & bo? are h>moniz$ 
by ! application ( ! law ( intellectual 

action above giv54 ,matt] & ,m9d are    
complem5t>y1 n incompatible4 ,!y diff] )
 ea* o!r1 b !y agree 9 be+ simil>ly     
relat$ to a ?ird t]m4 ,matt] is         
objective2 x is ?\ght tak+ =m1 becom+   
individual1 manife/+ itself 9 space4    
,m9d is subjective4 ,! "o appeals to !  
s5ses2 ! o!r is kn[n only to !          
consci\sness4  ,sci5ce rea*es its full  
developm5t only :5 x includes bo?       
physical & intellectual ph5om5a )9 its  
scope4 ,e /ep :i* x takes c>ries x fur!r
 f ! purely physical1 & br+s x ne>] !   
purely intellectual--t is ! developm5t (
 physical sci5ce is f ! individual t[>ds
 ! g5]al1 & x rea*es its end1 its       
completion1 only :5 ! la/ di/9ction1 t (
 subjective & objective1 has disappe>$ 9
 ! la/ possible g5]alization4 ,:5 !     
objective has be5 id5tifi$ ) !          
subjective1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ,m9d &   
,matt] has be5 oblit]at$1 & we h rea*$ !
 ,supreme ,intellig5ce--! ,i ,am (      
,scripture--simple ,be+4  ,matt] is !   
=mal expression ( ?\ght1 or ! necess>y  

condition ( su* expression1 & 9 ?is     
condition is f\nd ! l9k t connects !    
subjective & objective manife/ations (  
be+4 ,subjectivity is ideality1 z       
objectivity is mat]iality4 ,!           
consci\sness c take cognizance only (   
:at is )9 itself1 & !re=e )\t e o!r4    
,consci\sness is !re=e :olly p]sonal4   
,to communicate an idea x mu/ be plac$  
)9 ! consci\sness ( ano!r4 ,to rea* ?is 
result x mu/ cease to be p]sonal1 mu/   
pass out ( ! subjective consci\sness    
into objective =m1 s z to be plac$ 9 !  
same relation to ! speak] & ! he>]4     
,?\ght1 out ( ! consci\sness ( ! ?9k]1  
is objective to him1 & to r5d] ?\ght    
objective is to give x mat]ial =m4      
,?\ght to be communicat$1 mu/ pass out (
 ! consci\sness ( ! ?9k] into a mat]ial 
repres5tation4 ,! assumption ( mat]ial  
=m individualizes ! idea4 ,! arti/'s m9d
 may be fill$ ) spl5did conceptions1 b  
no "o b he c look )9 8 consci\sness &   
see !m4 ,be=e o!rs c h any k ( 8 ?\ghts1
 he mu/ give !m =m1 or embody !m 9      

/atues or pa9t+s4 ,! s\l ( ! musician   
may be ?rill$ by ! h>monies t 8         
imag9ation creates1 b no o!r s\l c jo9  
him 9 ?is ec/asy until he has giv5 =m to
 8 conceptions4 ,s ! ?9k] mu/ embody 8  
?\ghts 9 language be=e he c communicate 
!m to ano!r4 ,matt]1 !n1 is ! vehicle by
 :i* ?\ght is communicat$1 &1 s f> z we 
are conc]n$1 ! necess>y condition ( su* 
communication1 s t ! conception ( ?\ght 
ap>t f ! ?9k] involves ! int]v5tion (   
mat]ial =ms1 & x is by ! int]pretation (
 ^! symbolical =ms t we discov] ! idea4 
,n[1 let u suppose a ,supreme           
,intellig5ce4 ,! intellectual processes 
( su* a ,be+1 to be conceiv$ z rational 
by u1 mu/ be id5tical ) ours1 or at lea/
 analog\s to ours4 ,! possession (      
inf9ite attributes may 9 fact free him f
 ! control ( any law1 b x is impossible 
= u to conceive an intellig5ce act+     
o!rwise ?an 9 accordance ) law4 ,s t if 
! ,supreme ,intellig5ce is to           
communicate ) man1 x mu/ be 9 ob$i5ce to
 ! laws :i* control our m5tal           

activities4 ,! ,div9e ?\ght mu/1 !n1 l  
human conceptions1 be communicat$ by    
means ( physical symbols4  ,! ,supreme  
,intellig5ce1 be+ ! f9al g5]alization1  
mu/ possess all k1 & ! only intellig5t  
action possible to him f our po9t (     
view1 is f ?is absolute g5]alization    
t[>ds ! concrete & individual4 ,!       
absolute g5]al is purely subjective1    
:i*1 to become cognizable1 mu/ be r5d]$ 
objective4 ,?is c be secur$ to u only   
?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( mat]ial =ms4 ,f ?is
 po9t ( view1 matt] is only ! symbol (  
?\ght--?\ght ap>t f ! ?9k]4 ,! fir/     
result ( ! div9e activity 9             
self-manife/ation w\ld be ! analysis (  
be+ into subjective & objective--t is ! 
discrim9ation ( m9d & matt]1 :i* t]ms   
are sev]ally ! f9al g5]alizations ( !   
two fundam5tal divisions ( sci5ce4      
,matt]1 !n1 m]e =mless1 *aotic matt]1   
w\ld be ! fir/ result ( creative        
activity4 ,foll[+ ! developm5t ( ?is    
idea 9 its cont9ually increas+          
individuality1 z new attributes are     

sev]ally add$1 matt] assumes det]m9ate  
=m & becomes relat$ 9 sy/ems1 z ! v>i\s 
s-call$ elem5t>y sub/ances are          
discrim9at$1 until f9ally all tru?1     
capable ( be+ reveal$ by inorganic      
matt]1 is pres5t$ to u4  ,add ! idea (  
organism & we h ! two great divisions ( 
ph5om5a--mat]ial & vital4 ,! high] !    
g5]alization1 ! few] w be ! attributes  
compos+ ! concept1 & ?us ! simpl] w be !
 =m symboliz+ its expression4 ,z 9 !    
case ( matt]1 ! fir/ result ( ! div9e   
activity 0 m matt]1 undiscrim9at$ by any
 fur!r attribute2 s "h1 we h1 z ! fir/  
organic creation1 a concrete expression 
( ! highe/ possible g5]alization        
compris+ ! fewe/ possible attributes--t 
is1 =ms ( life involv+ ! fewe/          
individual *>act]i/ics4 ,to matt] add ! 
simple/ organic attribute--t is1 ! "o   
ly+ ne>e/ ! g5us--& we h m]e organiz$   
matt]1 ! simple cell1 ! f\ndation ( all 
life1 no matt] h[ great its future      
complexity1 equally ! orig9 ( animal &  
vegetable gr[?1 :i* are z yet entirely  

undiscrim9at$4 ,?is w\ld be ! fir/      
appe>ance ( life4#a ,diff]5tiat+ aga9 by
 ! addition ( a new attribute1 & organic
 be+ is subdivid$ into ! two species1   
vegetable & animal4 ,beg9n+ ) ^! typical
 =ms1 add+ s+le attributes 9 a cont9u\s 
s]ies1 we at la/ rea* ! highe/ types (  
animals & plants4 ,f9ally1 add          
rationality to ! animal1 & we rea* man1 
! highe/ & !re=e ! mo/ complex type (   
life1 & :o1 s f> z we are conc]n$1 mu/  
be ! end ( creation4 ,we _c conceive (  
any high] creation1 because we _c add an
 attribute to ^? we already possess1 any
 m ?an we c conceive ( an additional    
s5se by :i* to cognize su* new          
attribute4  ,?is process has be5 det]m9$
 f ! v outset by ^? intellectual laws   
:i* we _c disobey1 & :i* we _c conceive 
disobey$ by an intellig5t creator4 ,if !
 law ( intellectual action require ?is  
process f ! simple to ! complex1 !      
concrete repres5tation ( ! /eps ( ?is   
process mu/ indicate ! op]ation ( ?is   
law1 & mu/ also proce$ f ! simple &     

rudim5t>y to ! complex & highly         
develop$4 ,an intellig5t ,creator 9     
reveal+ 8 ?\ght mu/ foll[ ! me?od :i*   
our m9ds mu/ foll[ 9 int]pret+ ?is      
revelation4 ,:5 we "k & seek to         
communicate our k1 we proce$ f ! g5]al  
to ! specific4#b ,! ,creator assum$ to  
be inf9ite 9 k w\ld !re=e foll[ ?is     
process in/ead ( ! me?od peculi> to     
inve/igation4 ,! law ( intellectual     
action det]m9es ?is me?od1 & !          
conditions ( intellectual communication 
det]m9e ! repres5tation ( ?is me?od 9 ! 
mat]ial expression ( ! ideas            
communicat$4 ,consid]+ ! op]ation ( ?is 
law "u ^! conditions1 we f9d t ! ?\ght  
communicat+ only1 z ne>ly z may be1 !   
g5]ic idea1 w be di/+ui%$ f x by !      
addition ( b a s+le attribute z ! g5]ic 
by itself is incapable ( be+ repres5t$ 9
 concrete =m1 ! expression ( ?is ?\ght 9
 =m w pres5t u matt] di/+ui%$ f matt] 9 
g5]al by b a s+le attribute4 ,! lea/    
possible individualiz+ attribute add$ to
 ! highe/ possible g5]alization gives u 

! simple/ expression ( an idea1 & ! =m  
or ! organism symboliz+ ?is ?\ght w be !
 simple/ =m & ! simple/ organism        
possible4 ,= in/ance3 9 organic life !  
highe/ g5]alization b>ely individualiz$ 
w give u ! simple cell2 & no matt] :at  
degree ( complexity we subsequ5tly rea* 
by ! addition ( an almo/ inf9ite numb] (
 attributes1 we nev]!less beg9 9 e case 
) ! same />t+ po9t4  ,ea* high] type is 
rea*$ by add+ to a l[]4 ,! high] ?us    
embraces all t c be f\nd 9 ! l[]1 &     
some?+ besides4 ,?is me?od is inv>iable1
 & c nev] be dep>t$ f4 ,! g5us mu/      
always be pr$icable ( e individual      
compon5t ( e species conta9$ "u x4      
,translat+ ?is law into ! =ms ( mat]ial 
expression1 & x requires ea* high]      
species to physically include all l[]   
species1 & to diff] f !m only by        
addition4 ,man1 ! highe/ type1 mu/ ?us  
include all ! attributes ( ! cell z     
physically express$1 & )\t !m he w\ld n 
be man4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 no two t]ms 
9 a s]ies c be total4 ,if ! successive  

/eps 9 a tra9 ( ?\ght mu/ be relat$1 s t
 no two notions w be :olly di/9ct f ea* 
o!r1 ^! notions w con/itute a s]ies1 ea*
 t]m ( :i* w1 9 a measure1 det]m9e !    
next1 s soon z ! law ( ! s]ies is       
discov]$2 & if ?is tra9 ( ?\ght be      
objectively pres5t$1 x w af=d a         
correspond+ s]ies ( physical t]ms1 ea*  
"o ( :i* w 9 l mann] det]m9e ! next4 ,b 
?\ght is impossible unless by a tra9 (  
ideas s relat$4 ,its physical expression
 w !re=e be equally impossible except by
 a s]ies ( physical t]ms simil>ly       
relat$1 ea* "o ( :i* 9 "s mann] det]m9es
 ! next4 ,!re mu/ !n be a p]fect        
cont9uity 9 ! l9e t rea*es f ! simple/  
=m ( matt] ?r\gh all grades ( organic   
life up to man1 ! highe/ expression ( ! 
div9e idea4 ,!re c be no break 9 ! *a9 (
 ?\ght1 because ! law ( ! logical       
process =bids x3 !re c be no break 9 !  
s]ies ( mat]ial symbols = ! conditions (
 concrete expression equally =bid x4 ,a 
symbol is no?+ except z x repres5ts t   
:i* is to be symboliz$4 ,s ! symbols =m 

a physical s]ies1 because ! ?\ghts      
symboliz$ =m a logical s]ies4  ,if !    
creator has fully reveal$ 8 ?\ght1 x mu/
 be by a s]ies ( physical t]ms arrang$ 9
 su* a mann] z to indicate ! logical    
s]ies ( ideas symboliz$4 ,e =m ( matt]  
is a symbol ( ?\ght1 & *all5ges         
int]pretation4 ,e *ange 9 =m corresponds
 to an antec$5t *ange 9 idea1 & mu/ be  
int5d$ to reveal x4 ,z ?\ght1 !n1 beg9s 
its evolution ) ! g5]al & proce$s to !  
individual by a s]ies ( t]ms ea* ( :i*  
is simil>ly relat$ to bo? extremes1 we  
mu/ f9d ! mat]ial enunciation ( ?is     
process assum+ ! =m ( a s]ies ( t]ms1   
beg9n+ ) m]e nebul\s matt]1 grad+ into  
organic life1 & organic life pres5t+ u )
 a simil> s]ies beg9n+ ) ! m]e cell &   
end+ ) man4 ,s rigid & inv>iable mu/ ?is
 s]ial arrangem5t be t if a t]m 9 ei!r  
s]ies be want+1 we are au?oriz$ to      
hypo!tically int]polate x4  ,nature nev]
 makes a leap1 says ! sci5tific         
inve/igator1 z he /udies ! mat]ial      
symbols ( ?\ght4 ,?\ght nev] makes a    

leap1 says ! metaphysician1 z he /udies 
! necess>y laws ( rational action3 & bo?
 h utt]$ ! same tru?4 ,we prove a       
proposition by det]m9+ ! /eps by :i* x 0
 educ$ f a m g5]ic /atem5t4 ,sci5ce mu/ 
proce$ 9 ! same mann]1 = sci5ce only    
discov]s ! track ( m9d--x does n make ! 
track1 x only foll[s x4 ,if !n we f9d ! 
*a9 ( evolution brok5 at any po9t1      
sci5ce mu/ ei!r /op !re1 or assume !    
want+ t]m 9 ! s]ies4 ,we h ! "r to      
int]polate ^! miss+ t]ms1 = we mu/      
assume t ! ?\ghts ( ,god communicat$ to 
u 9 mat]ial =ms con/itute a cont9u\s    
revelation1 beg9n+ ) ,himself1 ! f9al   
g5]alization1 & end+ ) man ! highe/     
individualization4 ,^! limits are       
fix$--! "o by ! nature ( ,god1 & ! o!r  
by ! nature ( man4 ,betwe5 ^! two       
extremes we mu/ f9d a s]ies ( int]m$iate
 t]ms4 ,any o!r conception ( _! relation
 ?an t ( a det]m9ate s]ies is impossible
 & irrational2 & a s]ies1 s f> z x means
 any?+1 means evolution ( "s sort4 ,f9d+
 ! relation betwe5 ^! t]ms--di/+ui%+ !  

same :i* reproduces itself1 & ! diff]5t 
:i* introduces a new t]m--t is1 det]m9+ 
! law ( app>5t evolution--is ! problem  
pres5t$ to sci5ce4  ,! a/ronom] f\nd    
,bode's law to all appe>ance violat$ by 
! omission ( a planet betwe5 ,m>s &     
,jupit]4 ,he c\ld see no reason = ! law1
 b if ! planets _h be5 plac$ by an      
intellig5t ,creator1 "s ord] (          
arrangem5t mu/ be discov]able accord+ to
 :i* _! position 0 det]m9$4 ,! ,creator 
be+ intellig5t1 x is impossible to      
conceive !m plac$ =tuit\sly4 ,!re mu/ !n
 be a l9k betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit]1 because
 ! law once e/abli%$ _c be brok54 ,!    
same law may be obs]v$ 9 ! arrangem5t ( 
leaves ar\nd ! axis ( a plant4 ,if      
intellig5ce arrang$ !m !y mu/ be arrang$
 9 "s ord]1 = intellig5ce nev] p]=ms !  
lea/ act )\t a purpose4 ,ea* leaf or    
pair ( leaves is n a m]e duplication ( !
 previ\s leaf or pair ( leaves4 ,!      
relation :i* subsi/s betwe5 any two sets
 9 ! s]ies expresses ! idea ( !         
,creator1 & ?is mu/ be con/ant4         

,complet+ ! s]ies z indicat$ by diff]5t 
plants1 we may assume t if any t]m is   
app>5tly want+1 x is only because x has 
n be5 discov]$4 ,9 nei!r ( ^! cases w\ld
 x be ass]t$ t any physical evolution _h
 tak5 place--! t]ms =m a s]ies ( :i* ea*
 t]m is equally det]m9$ by ! op]ation ( 
a fix$ law2 & yet x is an op]ation      
precisely analog\s to t :i* 9 ! case (  
animals pres5ts e appe>ance ( a real    
evolution4 ,take1 = in/ance1 a s]ies (  
animals1 pres5t+ at "o p]iod ( "t !     
simple/ & mo/ rudim5t>y =ms1 & at ano!r 
! mo/ complex & highly organiz$2 we _c d
 o!rwise ?an conceive ^! two extremes z 
relat$ by int]m$iate t]ms1 ?r\gh !      
op]ation ( "s law :i* holds good ?r\gh\t
 ! s]ies4 ,! relation subsi/+ betwe5 any
 two1 mu/ be ! same z t subsi/+ betwe5  
any o!r two simil>ly situat$1 or a      
dep>ture f t relation :i* is itself     
gov]n$ by a def9ite law discov]able f a 
comp>ison ( two sets ( t]ms4 ,!         
application ( ?is law is s univ]sal & s 
rigid t we ne$ n hesitate to int]polate 

a miss+ t]m1 & confid5tly ass]t t x ei!r
 does exi/ or has exi/$4 ,to d5y ?is    
pr9ciple is to d5y ! necessity (        
cont9uity 9 reason+4 ,?is cont9uity (   
?\ght is repres5t$ 9 matt] by ! p]si/5ce
 ( g5]ic =ms "u specific diff]5ces4 ,b j
 z ! specific is ! g5]ic ) c]ta9        
additions1 s ! individual is ?is same   
g5]ic ) /ill fur!r additions2 & ^!      
additions1 :e!r consid]$ solely 9 space1
 z giv5 9 ! symbols ( physical sci5ce1  
or 9 "t z 9 ! conceptions ( intellectual
 sci5ce1 mu/ be det]m9$ by ! same unv>y+
 law4 ,! p]si/5ce ( ! same =m furni%es u
 ! means ( id5tify+ ?is relation1 :ile !
 diff]5ces reveal to u ! successive /eps
 by :i* ! g5]ic 0 diff]5tiat$ into !    
individual4  ,if ! creative ?\ght has   
be5 express$ by ! =ms ( matt]1 ! laws ( 
?\ght mu/ be ?us express$ 9 ! relative  
=ms ( matt]4 ,any?+ less ?an ?is1 :ile x
 might int]pret isolat$ ideas1 w\ld n   
communicate ! me?od ( ! creative        
process1 & sci5ce is no?+ b ! discov]y (
 ?is me?od4 ,if ! t]ms ( ! logical      

process mu/ be arrang$ 9 a s]ies1 !     
physical symbols r5d]+ ?is logical      
process cognizable1 mu/ be arrang$ 9 a  
simil> s]ies1 = sci5ce becomes          
impossible :5 ! logical process becomes 
undiscov]able4  ,! diff]5ces betwe5 !   
t]ms 9 ?is s]ies mu/ be cognizable4 ,two
 t]ms :i* are indi/+ui%able are         
practically id5tical2 & two t]ms :i* are
 n id5tical v>y by a diff]5ce :i* is    
cognizable by itself ap>t f ei!r t]m4 ,!
 /eps 9 ! logical evolution ( ! f9al    
t]m4 ,be+ mu/ be sep>able to be         
cognizable1 & ! mat]ial =ms int]pret+ ^!
 /eps to ! s5ses mu/ also be            
di/+ui%able4 ,a species diff]s f ! g5us 
by ! addition ( at lea/ "o attribute4   
,n[1 if ! species is di/+ui%able f !    
g5us1 ! attribute :i* diff]5tiates x1   
mu/ be sep>ately cognizable--s also !   
individual diff]s f ! species by !      
addition ( attributes1 :i* mu/ 9 l mann]
 be sep>ately cognizable1 or ! species w
 nev] be conceiv$ indep5d5tly ( !       
individuals4 ,a ?\ght _c proce$ by      

ins5sible /eps1 nor c its mat]ial       
expression v>y o!rwise ?an by det]m9ate 
& di/+ui%able diff]5ces4 ,! di/9ction ( 
species is ?us a logical necessity4 ,!  
addition ( di/9ct attributes to ! g5us  
gives orig9 to di/9ct species2 v>iation 
9 attributes n affect+ _! sub/antial    
id5tity gives rise to v>ieties4 ,"o     
species1 !n1 _c become ano!r1 except by 
! assumption ( a new specific attribute1
 s t "o species passes into ano!r       
precisely z ! g5us passes into !        
species1 & t is j z1 & n o!rwise1 ?an "o
 ?\ght passes into ano!r4  ,! fundam5tal
 law ( ! logical process is t we pass f 
! g5]ic t[>ds ! individual2 f ! simple  
to ! complex4 ,induction c proce$ only  
by assum+ a g5us at ! outset--t is1 by  
assum+ c]ta9 attributes 9 ! individual  
to be g5]ic4 ,translate ?is law into    
mat]ial =ms1 & we h ea* high]--t is m   
complex--species evolv$ f ! l[] by !    
addition ( "s new *>act]i/ic4 ,?is new  
attribute _c be add$ by ! functional    
activity ( ! l[] organism2 t c only     

reproduce itself4 ,a ?\ght does n *ange 
m]ely ?r\gh repeat$ expression4 ,we pass
 to ! conclusion ( a syllogism1 n f ea* 
t]m1 b f a comp>ison ( ! premises--& ?is
 requires an intellectual op]ation      
entirely di/9ct f a m]e appreh5sion ( ! 
t]ms4 ,x is "o ?+ to compreh5d !        
premises2 x is q ano!r to d$uce a       
conclusion f !m4 ,x may necess>ily      
foll[1 b x requires a sep>ate act ( !   
m9d to rea* x4 ,premises w n ( !mselves 
rea* a conclusion4  ,read+ ?is same tru?
 9 ! =ms ( matt]1 we may say t species w
 n pass into high] species )\t !        
int]v5tion ( a =ce di/9ct f ei!r4 ,!    
impulse :i* adds a new attribute mu/ be 
intellectually sep>able f all ^?        
pre-exi/+1 & its mat]ial repres5tation  
mu/ be physically di/9ct f pre-exi/+    
=ms4 ,?is complete sep>ability precludes
 ! possibility ( m]e physical g5esis4 ,!
 add$ attribute is pres5t$ by a new =m (
 matt]1 reveal+ ! pres5ce ( a new       
?\ght--a new effect1 requir+ ! ag5cy ( a
 new cause4 ,9 accordance ) ! usual     

economy ( nature1 :o nev] duplicates h] 
=ces1 *ange w be made only s f> z may be
 necess>y to communicate ! additional   
idea4 ,organisms repres5t+ previ\s      
?\ghts w be add$ to1 9 ord] to express !
 expansion ( ! ?\ght1 in/ead ( a        
creation de novo 9 ea* in/ance4 ,?us an 
id5tical cellul> /ructure w be f\nd 9   
all organic be+s1 f ! l[e/ to ! highe/1 
ea* high] type c>ry+ =w>d ! idea & its  
physical expression f\nd 9 ! l[]4 ,!    
diff]5ces betwe5 no two t]ms 9 ! s]ies c
 be total1 nor c any two t]ms be        
id5tical1 z ea* high] species w embrace 
all ! attributes ( ! l[]1 diff]+ only by
 ! addition ( o!rs4 ,?is is simply !    
physical expression ( ! logical tru? t  
:atev] c be pr$icat$ ( ! g5us c be      
pr$icat$ ( e individual conta9$ "u x4 ,z
 ! individual is only ! expansion ( !   
g5us1 s high] physical types mu/ also be
 simil> expansions ( l[]4  ,"h1 !n1 is  
evolution1 or developm5t3 prim>ily an   
evolution ( ! g5]ic into ! individual1 !
 cont9u$ diff]5tiation ( a g5]ic idea   

?r\gh successive individualizations1 ea*
 add+ to ! previ\s gr\p ( attributes1   
?us r5d]+ ! idea increas+ly complex2 &1 
secondly1 an app>5t physical evolution  
or developm5t1 int]pret+ ?is logical    
process by a s]ies ( physical =ms s     
relat$ z to reveal ! relation exi/+     
betwe5 ! ?\ghts ?us int]pret$4 ,9 !     
physical repres5tation ( ! ideas s      
relat$1 !re mu/ be an app>5t physical   
evolution--t is1 ! process ( evolution  
logically mu/1 l ! ideas ?us evolv$1 h a
 physical expression1 & ! successive    
/eps 9 ?is logical evolution mu/ be     
reveal$ by mat]ial =ms be>+ an analog\s 
relation1 & !reby express+ ! logical    
process4 ,matt] is no?+1 s f> z we are  
n[ conc]n$1 b ! condition necess>y to ! 
objective expression ( ?\ght4 ,e phase (
 matt] is simply an objective =mulation 
( a correspond+ phase ( ?\ght4 ,e       
addition to =m implies an antec$5t      
increase ( ?\ght1 z !re c be no =mal    
expression until !re is some?+ to be    
express$4 ,!re c1 !n1 be no su* ?+ z m]e

 mat]ial evolution1 = :atev] is mat]ial 
is only symbolical4  ,matt] be+ ?us     
:olly in]t1 ! orig9 ( ! impulse t[>ds   
great] complexity mu/ be s\ght = outside
 ( t :i* und]goes ! *ange4 ,! movem5t by
 :i* "o species becomes a high] is n an 
elaboration1 an ext5sion or a           
diff]5tiation ( exi/+ attributes1 b     
involves ! positive addition ( a new    
attribute1 diff]5t & di/9ct f any or all
 previ\sly exi/+4 ,"o species _c pass   
into ano!r by an innate impulse1 = a    
species is an entity compos$ ( a        
det]m9ate numb] ( attributes1 & all     
attributes pot5tially pres5t mu/ be     
consid]$ z actually pres5t4 ,we _c say t
 ! *ild is a diff]5t species f ! man1 & 
t "o passes into ! o!r by a process (   
evolution1 because all ! ess5tial       
attributes ( ! man are pot5tially pres5t
 9 ! *ild4 ,if ! polyp1 by ! action (   
innate =ces1 op]at+ ?r\gh a s]ies (     
ages1 h[ev] ext5d$1 c1 )\t any impulse f
 )\t1 develop itself into a man1 !n !   
polyp is z mu* a man z a boy is1 diff]+ 

only 9 ! "t requir$ = developm5t3 & !   
data = ! f9al d$uction ( ! highe/ types 
( creation mu/ be furni%$ 9 ! mo/       
elem5t>y =ms ( life4  ,! =ce manife/+   
itself 9 organic life is readily        
di/+ui%able f ! organism by :i* x is    
manife/$4 ,life & organization are n    
synonyms2 "o is ! condition ( ! o!r1 b a
 condition is n a cause4 ,we c consid]  
=ce ap>t f organism1 & ?is possible     
sep>ation 9 ?\ght proves t ! same =m may
 n repres5t bo?1 b t life c absolutely  
exi/ ap>t f organs :i* s]ve to give x a 
physical manife/ation4#c ,physical life 
be+ condition$ ^u organization1 :5ev] ! 
organism v>ies1 ! vital =ce ?us manife/$
 mu/ also v>y1 su* v>iation be+         
necess>ily antec$5t to its manife/ation4
 ,! organism v>ies1 because x mu/1 9    
ord] to express ! add$ ?\ght4 ,*ange 9  
organism1 !re=e1 is n induc$ by simple  
organic action1 because ! organs & ! =ce
 act+ ?r\gh !m c be di/+ui%$4 ,assum+ t 
matt] is ! objective or =mal            
repres5tation ( ?\ght1 !re c be no *ange

 9 ! mat]ial expression )\t a           
correspond+ *ange 9 ! antec$5t          
conception4 ,!re c1 !n1 be physical     
evolution1 only z !re is antec$5t       
logical evolution1 & !n only because (  
?is logical evolution & n because ( !   
op]ation ( an innate organic =ce4 ,=ce1 
:atev] may be its g5esis1 is only !     
ex]tion ( p[]1 n ! increase ( x4        
,ex]tion limits ! view to ! =ce         
imm$iately 9 op]ation4 ,we may replace  
"o manife/ation by ano!r1 b ! quantity  
is nei!r increas$ nor dim9i%$ by ?is    
*ange4 ,*ange 9 =m implies ! op]ation ( 
=ce3 & ap>t f su* manife/ation 9 matt]1 
x escapes ! te/s ( sci5ce1 & passes into
 ! purely metaphysical notion ( cause4  
,& unless ! op]ation ( =ce be con/ant1  
or1 if diff]5t =ces are bl5d$1 v>iable  
accord+ to "s det]m9ate law1 ! action ( 
:i* is con/ant & discov]able1 s t !     
diff]5t units ( =ce are sep>ately       
measurable1 ! =ce ?us irregul> 9 its    
action c nev] be plac$ 9 any sci5tific  
category4 ,evolution1 !n1 _c proce$ f   

any innate organic impulse1 unless ! =ce
 t t5ds to exact reproduction1 & ! =ce t
 induces a *ange be equally & sep>ately 
cognizable4 ,*ange mu/ proce$ accord+ to
 "s law :i* acc\nts = ! *ange1 &        
di/+ui%es betwe5 ! normal ex]tion ( p[] 
& t ex]tion :i* causes a deviation4     
,sci5ce1 to be sci5ce1 mu/ expla9 app>5t
 exceptions z fully z ! regul> op]ation 
( =ces1 & t :i* causes ! irregul>ity mu/
 be z di/9ctly cognizably by itself z ! 
=ce :i* acts regul>ly4 ,any?+ less ?an  
?is is n sci5ce4 ,! discov]y ( ,neptune 
0 ! result ( ! application ( ?is        
pr9ciple2 x 0 a successful attempt to   
discrim9ate ! =ce :i* caus$ v>iation f !
 =ce :i* op]at$ regul>ly4  ,ea* species 
repres5ts ! op]ation ( c]ta9 vital =ces1
 & "o _c physically pass into ano!r     
except by ! increase ( ?is =ce1 or at   
lea/ by a *ange 9 ! mann] ( its         
manife/ation2 & ?is increase 9 am\nt or 
?is *ange 9 direction mu/ sep>ately be  
acc\nt$ =4 ,nor does x matt]1 = !       
purposes ( ?is discussion1 z to ! g5esis

 ( ?is add$ increm5t1 fur!r ?an to %[ t 
its orig9 mu/ be ext]ior to ! organism  
by :i* its pres5ce is manife/$2 = vital 
en]gy act+ ?r\gh an organism is a unit1 
& _c1 ev5 9 ?\ght1 be sep>at$ into      
di/+ui%able portions4 ,*ange 9 !        
direction ( vital en]gy indicates t !   
orig9al impulse has be5 modifi$ 9 its   
action by enc\nt]+ ano!r =ce1 = no?+ b  
=ce c *ange ! direction ( =ce4 ,x does n
 fall )9 ! range ( ?is pap] to det]m9e !
 nature ( ?is ext]ior =ce :i* is ?us    
di/+ui%able f t act+ ?r\gh ! vital      
organization1 & !re=e capable ( sep>ate 
objective repres5tation4 ,metaphysically
 we may say t =ce is resolvable into w1 
b w be+ purely p]sonal is incapable (   
mat]ial repres5tation1 & ?us _c ent]    
into ! det]m9ations ( physical sci5ce1  
:i* does n seek to discov] ! orig9 (    
=ce1 b deals solely ) its pres5ce4  ,z !
 logician mu/ assume 8 premises1 &1 z a 
logician1 _c "q _! tru?1 s ! physici/   
mu/ assume a =ce 9 op]ation1 &1 z a     
physici/1 _c exam9e its g5esis4 ,!      

physical or ! metaphysical me?od (      
inquiry is valid only s long z re/rict$ 
to physical or metaphysical processes3 a
 mixture ( ! two me?ods w give results  
satisfactory nei!r to sci5ce nor to     
philosophy4 ,z logic furni%es no        
crit]ion by :i* to te/ ! absolute tru? (
 propositions1 b deals :olly )          
conclusions drawn f giv5 premises1 s    
sci5ce furni%es no data by :i* to       
det]m9e ! absolute g5esis ( =ce1 b      
re/ricts its enquiries to ! ph5om5a     
result+ f a =ce giv54 ,= ! /ud5t (      
physical sci5ce cause & effect is only !
 transf]5ce ( a giv5 & det]m9$ =ce f "o 
mat]ial =m to ano!r4 ,if ?is idea is to 
be trac$ fur!r1 x mu/ be /udi$ outside !
 limits ( physics4 ,?is /udy belongs to 
metaphysics4  ,n[1 if physical sci5ce   
does n deal ) ! orig9 ( ! initial =ce1 b
 assumes at ! outset its pres5ce1 no m  
does x fall )9 its prov9ce to exam9e    
into ! orig9 ( ! increm5ts :i* give to  
physical =ms t v>iety :i* r5d]s sci5ce  
possible4 ,sci5ce deals ) results1 n    

antec$5ts2 & aft] hav+ det]m9$ results1 
x is n au?oriz$ to affirm t "o species  
has produc$ ano!r by evolution1 or has  
produc$ x at all4 ,if !re are agreem5ts 
betwe5 diff]5t organisms by :i* !y are  
br\ght into relation1 !re are also      
diff]5ces by :i* !y are discrim9at$1 &  
^! diff]5ces imply increm5ts ( =ce2 & to
 ass]t t "o organism has evolv$ ano!r is
 to det]m9e n m]ely ! pres5ce ( ?is new 
increm5t1 b also to det]m9e its orig94  
,sci5tific inve/igation deals ) ph5om5a 
:i* give evid5ce to ! s5ses ( a         
transf]5ce ( =ce f "o =m or f "o        
manife/ation to ano!r4 ,transf]5ce is n 
increase--an effect c be no m ?an !     
evolution ( :at 0 pot5tially pres5t 9 ! 
cause2 x _c add to x4 ,! orig9 ( ! =ce  
mu/ be inve/igat$ accord+ to            
intellectual laws4   ,x has be5 argu$ t 
a ,supreme ,intellig5ce 9 manife/+ 8    
?\ght w1 accord+ to ! necess>y laws (   
rational activity1 pass f ! univ]sal &  
g5]al to ! p>ticul> & individual1 or f  
concepts involv+ few attributes to ^?   

involv+ ^! & o!rs2 & t ^! /eps 9 !      
rational process mu/ be repres5t$ 9 a   
correspond+ physical s]ies2 & t !       
communication ( ?\ght is condition$ ^u  
?is physical repres5tation4 ,if !       
logical s]ies comprises "o ?\s& t]ms1   
ea* relat$ to ! prec$+ accord+ to       
logical law ! physical s]ies mu/        
comprise "o ?\s& t]ms1 ea* physically   
relat$ 9 su* a mann] z to reveal ?is    
law4 ,z ! highe/ g5]alization comprises 
! fewe/ attributes1 ! concrete          
expression ( ?is idea w pres5t ! simple/
 possible physical =m & ! lea/          
complexity ( organization1 & ?us w      
pres5t ! l[e/ types ( life2 & z !       
individual comprises ! greate/ numb] (  
attributes1 its concrete expression w   
pres5t ! greate/ complexity1 &          
consequ5tly ! highe/ type ( life4 ,we h 
se5 t ! logical process beg9s ) ! g5]al 
& ends ) ! individual2 its mat]ial      
expression mu/ !re=e beg9 ) ! l[e/ ord]s
 & end ) ! highe/4 ,b ! individual _c be
 imm$iately d]iv$ f ! g5]al )\t !       

int]v5tion ( int]m$iate g5]alizations4  
,no m 9 ! concrete expression ( ?is     
d$uction c we pass f ! l[e/ types to !  
highe/ )\t ! int]v5tion ( an int]m$iate 
s]ies4 ,^! int]m$iate t]ms are n capable
 ( indep5d5t int]pretation2 !y f9d _!   
full explanation only 9 ! extremes ( !  
s]ies--,god & ,man4  ,if1 !n1 9 !       
intellectual process f ! ab/ract &      
univ]sal t[>ds ! concrete & individual1 
we f9d a con/ant evolution ( idea1 ea*  
advance be+ an addition to ! previ\s    
conception1 ea* new t]m 9 ! s]ies       
embrac+ all ! attributes ( ! prec$+1 &  
diff]+ only by addition2 & if ?\ght is  
possible only on ?is condition2 x       
necess>ily foll[s t ! mat]ial           
repres5tation ( ?is ?\ght mu/ pres5t    
physical =ms simil>ly relat$1 s t1 leav+
 out ( view ! intellectual g5esis ( ?is 
relation1 ! obs]v] might conclude t ^!  
=ms compose a s]ies evolv$ f a          
primordial cell 9 accordance ) an       
organic law4 ,b su* we f9d to be !      
univ]sal law ( intellectual proc$ure3   

?is app>5t developm5t or evolution mu/1 
!re=e1 be ! condition ( ! communication 
( su* intellectual process1 & ! physical
 t]ms are br\ght into ?is relation by ! 
fact t !y symbolize ! logical process4  
,if ! mat]ial symbols ( ?\ght 7 unrelat$
 physically1 ! ?\ghts ?us express$ w\ld 
also be unrelat$ & indep5d5t4 ,b su* a  
supposition read]s ,sci5ce impossible1 =
 its "o aim is to f9d ! same 9 !        
diff]5t4 ,if !re be no same1 !re c be no
 sci5ce3 if !re be no diff]5t1 !re c be 
no sci5ce4 ,?\ght proce$s by add+ !     
diff]5t to ! same 9 an endless s]ies1 & 
?is addition ( ! diff]5t to ! same      
express$ 9 concrete =ms is :at is call$ 
evolution4 ,if no evolution 7 app>5t 9  
,nature1 !re c\ld be no ,sci5ce2 = ^?   
/eps :i* to ! naturali/ indicate        
evolution1 be+ only ! physical          
expression--! =mulation--( ! logical    
process1 af=d ! means by :i* ! /ud5t    
rea*es ! highe/ g5]alization4 ,if ^!    
/eps be want+1 he _c proce$4  ,admitt+  
!n to its fulle/ ext5t ! fact t1 judg$ f

 a purely physical po9t ( view1 all     
organic =ms seem to h be5 d]iv$ ea* f   
its imm$iate pr$ecessor1 by a m]e       
functional impulse2 & admitt+ t sci5ce  
is possible ^u no o!r condition2 we     
claim t ^! mat]ial =ms are br\ght into  
su* relation by intellectual evolution1 
& n by physical g5esis2 !y repres5t an  
evolution ( ,?\ght & n an evolution (   
,matt]4 ,we "k f consci\sness t ?is     
process ( evolution is ! me?od ( our    
?9k+4 ,we "k also t ! div9e ?\ght c be  
r5d]$ intelligible to u ^u no o!r       
hypo!sis ?an t :i* supposes x to be     
gov]n$ by ! laws :i* control human      
?\ght4 ,translat+ ! physical symbols :i*
 we see ab\t u1 & :i* pres5t ?is        
appe>ance ( evolution1 we inf] t ?is is 
! me?od accord+ to :i* ! div9e m9d      
proce$$4 ,sci5ce w n mat]ially err 9 its
 physical results1 if x adopt ! hypo!sis
 ( physical evolution1 b x mu/ conf9e   
its att5tion to physics2 x is only z we 
attempt high] g5]alizations t !         
insuffici5cy ( ! hypo!sis becomes       

manife/ 9 its failure to satisfy !      
conditions ( ! problem z pres5t$ to     
philosophy4  ,,footnotes3  #a ,?is1 (   
c\rse1 does n absolutely det]m9e ! ord] 
( organic creation2 z 9 ! case ( !      
syllogism ! conclusion or ei!r premise  
may be ! proposition fir/ enunciat$1 !  
ord] ( expression be+ det]m9$ by        
circum/ances4  #b ,comp>e !             
demon/rations ( ,geometry4  #c ,z 9 !   
case ( man aft] ! dea? ( ! body4