,illustration3 ,cover art ,illustration3 ,front end papers ,,the ,,hound ,,of ,,heaven ,illustration ,frontispiece3 ,when she lit her glimmering tapers ,round the day's dead sanctities ,page #eb ,illustration3 ,title page ,,the ,,hound ,,of ,,heaven ,by ,,francis ,,thompson ,,with ,,illustrations ,,by ,,stella ,,langdale ,,new ,,york ,,dodd1 ,,mead ,,and ,,company #aibf ,,copyright1 #aibb1 ,,by ,,dodd1 ,,mead ,,and ,,company1 ,,inc4 ,,printed ,,in ,,the ,u4,s4,a4 ,,introduction ,the ,rev4 ,mark ,j4 ,mc,neal1 ,s4 ,j41 who was one of the successors of ,lafcadio ,hearn in the chair of ,english ,literature at the ,tokyo ,imperial ,university1 in an interesting article recounts the following incident of his experience in that institution4 ,i was seated on the examining board with ,professor ,ichikawa1 the dean of the ,english department444 ,there entered the room a student whom ,i recognized as among the best in the class1 a sharp young chap with big ,mongolian eyes1 and one who had never to my knowledge given any hint of even a leaning toward ,christianity4 ,i remembered1 however1 that his thesis submitted for a degree had been a study of ,francis ,thompson4 ,following the usual custom1 ,i began to question him about his thesis4 ',why did you choose ,thompson8' ',well1 he is quite a famous poet4' ',what kind of poet is he8' ',we might call him a mystic4' ',is he a mystic of the orthodox sort1 like ,cynewulf or ,crashaw2 or an unorthodox mystic1 like ,blake or ,shelley8' ',oh1 he's orthodox4' ',well1 now1 what do you consider his greatest production8' ',why1 ,i should say ,the ,hound of ,heaven4 ',well1 what on earth does ,thompson mean by that ,hound8' ',he means ,god4' ',but is not that a rather irreverent way for ,thompson to be talking about ,god1 calling ,him a hound8 ,what does he mean by comparing ,god to a hound8' ',well1 he means the pursuit of ,god4' ',oh1 ,i see1 ,thompson is pursuing ,god1 is he8' ',oh1 no4 ,he is rather running away from ,god4' ',well1 then1 ,god is pursuing ,thompson1 is that it8' ',yes1 that's it4' ,illustration3 ,titanic glooms of chasmd fears ,page #de ',but1 see here2 according to ,thompson's belief ,god is everywhere1 isn't ,he8' ',yes4' ',well1 then1 how can ,god be going after ,thompson8 ,is it a physical pursuit8' ',no4 ,it is a moral pursuit4' ',a moral pursuit6 ,what's that8 ,what is ,god after8' ',he is after ,thompson's love4' ,and then we1 the ,jesuit and the ,buddhist1 began to follow the windings and turnings of that wondrous poem1 the most mystic and spiritual thing that has been written since ,st4 ,teresa laid down her pen4 ,what the other member of the examining board thought of it all ,i never heard4 ,but ,i think ,i acquired a satisfactory answer to that question so often put to me3 ,can the ,japanese really grasp a spiritual truth8 ,do they really get at the meaning of ,christianity8 ,this1 of a race that has produced more martyrs than any other nation since the fall of ,rome and that kept the ,faith for two centuries without a visible symbol or document6 ,the incident supplies matter for other conclusions more germane to the subject of this essay4 ,the late ,bert ,leston ,taylor1 a journalist whose journalism had a literary facet of critical brilliance1 once declared that he could not perceive the excellence of ,francis ,thompson's poetry4 ,when someone suggested that it might be that he was not spiritual enough1 the retort was laconic and crushing1 ,or1 perhaps1 not ecclesiastical enough4 ,like most good retorts ,taylor's had more wit than truth4 ,he was obsessed by the notion1 prevalent among a certain class of literary critics1 that ,francis ,thompson's fame was the artificially stimulated applause of a ,catholic coterie1 whose enthusiasm could hardly be shared by readers with no particular curiosity about ,catholic ideas or modes of religion4 ,it was probably this obsession which prompted that able critic1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,d4 ,traill1 to write to ,mr4 ,wilfrid ,meynell when the ,hound of ,heaven first appeared3 ,i quite agree with you in thinking him a remarkable poet1 but1 if he is ever to become other than a 'poet's poet' or 'critic's poet'--if indeed it is worth anyone's ambition to be other than that--it will only be by working in a different manner4 ,a 'public' to appreciate the ',hound of ,heaven' is to me inconceivable4 ,mr4 ,william ,archer1 an experienced judge of popular likes1 was of the same opinion4 ,yet1 ,francis ,thompson's biographer tells us1 in the three years after ,thompson's death the separate edition of the ',hound of ,heaven' sold fifty thousand copies2 and1 apart from anthologies1 many more thousands were sold of the books containing it4 ,when the ,hound of ,heaven is selected for study1 and explained in words of one syllable1 by a young ,japanese student in the ,tokyo ,imperial ,university almost thirty years after the poem was published1 one can hardly maintain that it calls for certain ecclesiastical affiliations before it can be understood and felt1 or that its public is necessarily circumscribed4 ,it must be owned indeed that ,francis ,thompson was a puzzle to his contemporaries of the nineties4 ,he paid the usual penalty of vaulting originality4 ,the decade is famous for its bold experiments and shining successes in the art of poetry4 ,one might expect that a public1 grown accustomed to exquisitely wrought novelties and eager to extend them a welcome1 would have been preordained to recognize and hail the genius of ,thompson4 ,but it was not so4 ,the estheticism of the nineties1 for all its sweet and fragile flowers1 was rooted in the dark passions of the flesh4 ,its language was the language of death and despair and annihilation and the ,epicurean need of exhausting the hedonistic possibilities of life ere the final engulfing in darkness and silence4 ,when the speech of ,thompson1 laden with religion and spirituality and ,christian mystery1 broke with golden turbulence upon the world of the nineties1 the critics were abashed and knew not what to think of it4 ,the effect was somewhat like that produced by ,attwater1 in ,stevenson's ,the ,ebb-,tide1 when he began suddenly to discourse on ,divine ,grace to the amazement of ,herrick and his crew of scoundrels from the stolen ,farallone4 ,oh1 exclaimed the unspeakable ,huish1 when they had recovered breath1 ,oh1 look 'ere1 turn down the lights at once1 and the ,band of ',ope will oblige6 ,this ain't a spiritual sance4 ,it had something akin to the madness of poor ,christopher ,smart when he fell into the habit of dropping on his knees and praying in the crowded ,london streets4 ,there was incongruity1 verging on the indecent1 in this intrusion of religion into art1 as if an archangel were to attend an afternoon tea in ,mayfair or an absinthe session in a ,bohemian cafe4 ,it was1 in ,dr4 ,johnson's phrase1 an unnecessary deviation from the usual modes of the world which struck the world dumb4 ,the poetry of ,francis ,thompson appeared in three small volumes3 ,poems1 published in #ahic2 ,sister ,songs1 in #ahie2 and ,new ,poems1 in #ahig4 ,the first of these volumes contained the ,hound of ,heaven2 though it staggered reviewers at large1 they yielded dubious and carefully measured praise and waited for developments4 ,the pack was unleashed and the hue-and-cry raised on the coming of ,sister ,songs and ,new ,poems4 ,andrew ,lang and ,mr4 ,arthur ,symons led the chorus of disapproval4 ,it is amusing to read now that ,francis ,thompson's faults are fundamental4 ,though he uses the treasure of the ,temple1 he is not a religious poet4 ,the note of a true spiritual passion never once sounds in his book4 ,another critic of the poet declares that nothing could be stronger than his language1 nothing weaker than the impression it leaves on the mind4 ,it is like a dictionary of obsolete ,english suffering from a severe fit of delirium tremens4 ,a prominent literary periodical saw1 in the attempt to foist ,thompson on the public as a genuine poet1 a sectarian effort to undermine the literary press of ,england4 ,in the course of a year the sale of ,sister ,songs amounted to #cdi copies4 ,the ,new ,poems fared worse2 its sale1 never large1 practically ceased a few years after its appearance1 three copies being sold during the first six months of #aijb4 ,illustration3 ,across the margent of the world ,i fled ,page #dg ,and all this despite strong recommendations from fastidious quarters4 ,george ,meredith's recognition was instantaneous and unreserved4 ,henley's was accompanied by reproofs4 ,mr4 ,richard ,le,gallienne was enthusiastic4 ,mr4 ,william ,archer said to a friend1 ,this is not work which can possibly be popular in the wide sense2 but it is work that will be read and treasured centuries hence by those who really care for poetry4 ,and he wrote to ,thompson1 ,i assure you no conceivable reaction can wipe out or overlay such work as yours4 ,it is firm-based on the rock of absolute beauty2 and this ,i say all the more confidently because it does not happen to appeal to my own speculative1 or even my own literary1 prejudices4 ,the most extravagant admirer of all1 and the one who will probably turn out to have come nearer the mark than any of ,francis ,thompson's contemporaries1 was ,mr4 ,j4 ,l4 ,garvin1 the well known ,english leader-writer in politics and literature4 ,after the publication of his second volume1 he wrote in the ,english ,bookman1 ,march #ahig1 when it became clear that the ',hound of ,heaven' and ',sister ,songs' should be read together as a strict lyrical sequence1 there was no longer any comparison possible except the highest1 the inevitable comparison with even ,shakespeare's ,sonnets4 ,the ,sonnets are the greatest soliloquy in literature4 ,the ',hound of ,heaven' and ',sister ,songs' are the second greatest2 and there is no third4 ,in each case it is rather consciousness imaged in the magic mirror of poetry than explicit autobiography4444 ,even with the greatest pages of ',sister ,songs' sounding in one's ears1 one is sometimes tempted to think the ',hound of ,heaven' ,mr4 ,thompson's high-water mark for unimaginable beauty and tremendous import--if we do damnably iterate ,mr4 ,thompson's tremendousness1 we cannot help it1 he thrusts the word upon us4 ,we do not think we forget any of the splendid things of an ,english anthology when we say that the ',hound of ,heaven' seems to us1 on the whole1 the most wonderful lyric 7if we consider ',sister ,songs' as a sequence of lyrics7 in the language4 ,it fingers all the stops of the spirit1 and we hear now a thrilling and dolorous note of doom and now the quiring of the spheres and now the very pipes of ,pan1 but under all the still sad music of humanity4 ,it is the return of the nineteenth century to ,thomas ,kempis4444 ,the regal air1 the prophetic ardors1 the apocalyptic vision1 ,mr4 ,thompson has them all4 ,a rarer1 more intense1 more strictly predestinate genius has never been known to poetry4 ,to many this will seem the simple delirium of over-emphasis4 ,the writer signs for those others1 nowise ashamed1 who range after ,shakespeare's very ,sonnets the poetry of a living poet1 ,francis ,thompson4 ,we do not associate ,mr4 ,arnold ,bennett with any of the ideas in religion or literature which supplied impulse to ,francis ,thompson4 ,it is a surprise of the first magnitude to find him carried away into the rapture of prophecy by the ,sister ,songs4 ,i declare1 he says in an article appearing in ,july1 #ahie1 that for three days after this book appeared ,i read nothing else4 ,i went about repeating snatches of it--snatches such as-- ',the innocent moon1 that nothing does but shine1 ,moves all the labouring surges of the world4' ,my belief is that ,francis ,thompson has a richer natural genius1 a finer poetical equipment1 than any poet save ,shakespeare4 ,show me the divinest glories of ,shelley and ,keats1 even of ,tennyson1 who wrote the ',lotus ,eaters' and the songs in the ',princess1' and ,i think ,i can match them all out of this one book1 this little book that can be bought at an ordinary bookseller's shop for an ordinary prosaic crown4 ,i fear that in thus extolling ,francis ,thompson's work1 ,i am grossly outraging the canons of criticism4 ,for the man is alive1 he gets up of a morning like common mortals1 not improbably he eats bacon for breakfast2 and every critic with an atom of discretion knows that a poet must not be called great until he is dead or very old4 ,well1 please yourself what you think4 ,but1 in time to come1 don't say ,i didn't tell you4 ,a whole generation of men has passed away since these words appeared2 but they do not seem to be so fantastic and whimsical now as they seemed to be then4 ,illustration3 ,i said to dawn3 ,be sudden ,page #dg ,it can scarcely be claimed that the prophecies of ,meredith1 ,mr4 ,garvin1 and ,mr4 ,arnold ,bennett were of the kind which ultimately assures the event4 ,the reading-world dipped curiously into the pages about which there was so much conflict of opinion2 it was startled and bewildered by a novel and difficult form of verse2 and finally it agreed with the majority of critics that it was mostly nonsense--too ,catholic to be catholic4 ,the poems sold badly1 the ',hound of ,heaven' faring best4 ,it is a common mark of genius to be ahead of its time4 ,even ,thompson's coreligionists were cold4 ,indeed1 it may be said they were the coldest4 ,if the general reading-public of the nineties suspected ,thompson of being a ,victorian reactionary of ultra-montane mould1 the ,catholic public feared him for his art4 ,it was a wild unfettered thing which took strange liberties with ,catholic pieties and could not be trusted to run in divine grooves4 ,one can afford to extenuate the attitude of reserve4 ,it was a period when brilliant heterodoxies and flaunting decadence were in the air4 ,the fact is1 that critics and public delivered ,thompson over to the ,catholics2 and the ,catholics would have nothing to do with him4 ,canon ,sheehan could write of ,thompson in #ahih3 ,only two ,catholics--literary ,catholics--have noticed this surprising genius--,coventry ,patmore and ,wilfrid ,meynell4 ,the vast bulk of our coreligionists have not even heard his name1 although it is already bruited amongst the ,immortals2 and the great ,catholic poet1 for whose advent we have been straining our vision1 has passed beneath our eyes1 sung his immortal songs1 and vanished4 ,this was written almost ten years before ,thompson died1 but after his resolve to write no more poetry4 ,it is easily within the probabilities that1 small as was ,thompson's audience during his lifetime1 it would have been still smaller but for the extraneous interest excited by the strange story of his life4 ,he was born on ,december #af1 #ahei1 in ,preston1 ,lancashire1 whence he went at the age of eleven to ,ushaw ,college1 a ,catholic boarding school for boys4 ,this is the college where ,lafcadio ,hearn received his education2 he had left the school a year or two before young ,thompson's arrival4 ,both boys were designed for the priesthood4 ,hearn lost his faith then or shortly afterwards3 ,thompson's irregular habits of dreamy abstraction rendered him unfit for a sacerdotal career4 ,when he had completed his course at college1 where he had distinguished himself in ,english composition and attained respectable standing in the classics1 his father1 a hard-working physician1 entered the lad1 now eighteen1 as a student of medicine in ,owen ,college1 ,manchester4 ,the ,thompson family had moved from ,preston to ,ashton-under-,lyne1 where proximity to ,manchester made it possible for the young medical student to spend his nights at home4 ,francis was of the silent and secretive sort where he could not hope to find intelligent sympathy4 ,this1 and some cloudy compromise with his sense of filial dutifulness1 will perhaps explain why he passed six years as a student of medicine without any serious purpose of becoming a physician and without informing his father of his disinclination4 ,three examinations and three failures at intervals of a year were necessary to convince the father of the true state of affairs4 ,stern measures were adopted2 and1 although the consequences were pitifully tragical1 it is hard to blame the father of ,francis4 ,how are we to discover the extraordinary seal in a case that requires special and extraordinary treatment8 ,francis was twenty-four years old with no more idea than a child's of how life is planned on practical lines of prosperity4 ,the senior ,thompson thought it time for him to learn and issued orders to find employment of some remunerative kind4 ,accordingly during the next two years ,francis served indifferently for brief periods as a clerk in the shop of a maker of surgical instruments and as a canvasser of an encyclopedia4 ,both experiments in the art of making a living were failures1 increasing paternal dissatisfaction4 ,the desperate young man then enlisted in the army1 and after a few weeks' of drilling was rejected on the score of physical weakness4 ,illustration3 ,i knew how the clouds arise1 ,spumd of the wild sea-snortings ,page #ea ,during these shiftless and unhappy years as a listless medical student and laggard apprentice the poet's chief solace was the public library of ,manchester4 ,in his daily absences from home his misery suggested another solace of a sinister kind4 ,after a severe illness during his second year of medicine his mother1 says his biographer1 presented him with a copy of ,de ,quincey's ,confessions of an ,opium ,eater4 ,it is incredible that a helluo librorum1 like ,thompson1 should have reached the age of twenty without ever having read a book which is one of the first to attract every bright school-boy4 ,this would be particularly true of a school-boy who lived near ,manchester1 ,de ,quincey's own town4 ,but the evidence seems to be against probabilities4 ,thompson succumbed completely to the influence of the great genius whose temper and circumstances of life were singularly like his own4 ,experiments in laudanum were made and habits contracted which accentuated a natural unfitness to wrestle with the practical problems of getting on and rendered family intercourse drearier than ever4 ,in #ahhe1 when he was twenty-six years old1 ,francis decided to leave home4 ,after a week in ,manchester he requested and received from his father the price of a railway ticket for ,london4 ,the trip to the vast and strange city must have been made with only the vaguest of plans for the future4 ,the despairing youth seemed to have no other purpose than to rid his father of his vexatious presence4 ,there were friends in ,london1 on one of whom ,francis was directed to call for a weekly allowance from home4 ,but a temperamental reluctance kept the young man away from those who could help him1 and even the weekly allowance after a while came to be unclaimed4 ,the rough1 cyclonic forces of the huge city caught this helpless child of a man's years in the full swing of their blind sweep and played sad tricks with him4 ,in a period extending over nearly three years ,francis ,thompson led the life of a vagrant in the streets and alleys4 ,he made one or two brave essays at regular work of the most commonplace character1 but without success4 ,the worn copies of ,aeschylus and ,blake in the pockets of this ragged and gaunt roustabout contained no useful hints for the difficulties of the peculiar situation2 its harshness could be transmuted into temporary and blessed oblivion by a drug whenever the means for purchase could be acquired4 ,the ,guildhall ,library was much frequented until shabbiness was excluded by the policeman4 ,this outcast poet1 approaching thirty years of age1 was at various times a bootblack1 a newsboy1 a vendor of matches1 a nocturnal denizen of wharves and lounger on the benches of city-parks4 ,his cough-racked frame was the exposed target of cold and rain and winds4 ,he became used to hunger4 ,at one time a six-pence1 for holding a horse1 was his only earnings for a week4 ,it was while he was aimlessly roaming the streets one night almost delirious from starvation that a prosperous shoe-merchant1 benevolently engaged in religious rescue-work1 came across ,thompson1 and1 struck by the incongruity of his gentle speech1 induced him to accept employment in his shop4 ,but one cannot allow business to suffer on account of an inveterate blunderer1 even though the blunderer wear wings and has endeared himself to the family4 ,mr4 ,mc,master1 kindly ,anglican lay-missionary1 who deserves grateful remembrance for recognizing and temporarily helping merit under the most deceptive disguise1 was obliged much against his inclination to dismiss ,francis and to allow him to fall back into the pit of squalor and vagabondage4 ,but the few months of reprieve had supplied ,thompson with the impulse to write4 ,shortly after he was dropped from the ,mc,master establishment ,mr4 ,wilfrid ,meynell1 the editor of ,merry ,england1 a ,catholic magazine1 received the following letter3 ,feb4 #bcrd1 '#hg--;,dear ,sir1--,in enclosing the accompanying article for your inspection1 ,i must ask pardon for the soiled state of the manuscript4 ,it is due1 not to slovenliness1 but to the strange places and circumstances under which it has been written4 ,for me1 no less than ,parolles1 the dirty nurse experience has something fouled4 ,i enclose stamped envelope for a reply1 since ,i do not desire the return of the manuscript1 regarding your judgment of its worthlessness as quite final4 ,i can hardly expect that where my prose fails my verse will succeed4 ,nevertheless1 on the principle of ',yet will ,i try the last1' ,i have added a few specimens of it1 with the off chance that one may be less poor than the rest4 ,apologizing very sincerely for any intrusion on your valuable time1 ,i remain yours with little hope1 ,francis ,thompson4 ,kindly address your rejection to the ,charing ,cross ,post ,office4 ,illustration3 ,naked ,i wait ,thy love's uplifted stroke6 44444 smitten me to my knee2 ,i am defenceless utterly ,page #ee ,the unpromising aspect of the manuscript1 thus introduced1 was the occasion of editorial neglect for some months4 ,when at last ,mr4 ,meynell gave it his attention he was electrified into action4 ,he wrote to the address given by ,thompson4 ,the letter was returned from the dead-letter office after many days4 ,then he published one of the poems mentioned in the letter1 ,the ,passion of ,mary1 in the hope that the author would disclose his whereabouts4 ,the plan succeeded and brought a letter from ,thompson with a new address4 ,mr4 ,meynell tried to waylay him at the new address1 a chemist's shop in ,drury ,lane1 but with characteristic shiftlessness the poet forgot to call there for possible letters4 ,but the seller of drugs finally established communications between the editor and the poet1 and one day1 more than a year after ,thompson's first literary venture had been sent1 he visited the office of ,merry ,england4 ,mr4 ,everard ,meynell1 the poet's biographer1 thus describes the entrance of the poet into his father's sanctum4 ,my father was told that ,mr4 ,thompson wished to see him4 ',show him up1' he said1 and was left alone4 ,then the door opened1 and a strange hand was thrust in4 ,the door closed1 but ,thompson had not entered4 ,again it opened1 again it shut4 ,at the third attempt a waif of a man came in4 ,no such figure had been looked for2 more ragged and unkempt than the average beggar1 with no shirt beneath his coat and bare feet in broken shoes1 he found my father at a loss for words4 ',you must have had access to many books when you wrote that essay1' was what he said4 ',that1' said ,thompson1 his shyness at once replaced by an acerbity that afterwards became one of the most familiar of his never-to-be-resented mannerisms1 'that is precisely where the essay fails4 ,i had no books by me at the time save ,aeschylus and ,blake4' ,there was little to be done for him at that interview save the extraction of a promise to call again4 ,he made none of the confidences characteristic of a man seeking sympathy and alms4 ,he was secretive and with no eagerness for plans for his benefit1 and refused the offer of a small weekly sum that would enable him to sleep in a bed and sit at a table4 ,by patience and delicately offered kindnesses ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,meynell at length won the difficult privilege of helping the shy1 nervous1 high-strung spirit wandering in pain1 hunger and exile amid the indecencies of extreme penury in a great city4 ,they were helped by the friendly sympathy and care of ,premonstratensian and ,franciscan monks4 ,thompson had sounded1 and become familiar with1 the depths of social degradation in all its external aspects of sordidness4 ,the most extraordinary part of his singular experience is that he affords a striking instance of the triumph of soul and mind over beleaguering circumstance4 ,the nightmare of his environment failed to subdue him4 ,he preserved his spiritual sensitiveness1 and literary ideals of a most exalted kind1 through the most depressing and demoralizing experiences4 ,the following passage in that first essay offered to ,mr4 ,meynell1 entitled ,paganism3 ,old and ,new1 a vindication of ,christian over pagan ideals in art1 shows the rich1 colorful tone of mind of one who could walk unstained among the world's impurities4 ,bring back then1 ,i say1 in conclusion1 even the best age of ,paganism1 and you smite beauty on the cheek4 ,but you cannot bring back the best age of ,paganism1 the age when ,paganism was a faith4 ,none will again behold ,apollo in the forefront of the morning1 or see ,aphrodite in the upper air loose the long lustre of her golden locks4 ,but you may bring back--dii avertant omen--the ,paganism of the days of ,pliny1 and ,statius1 and ,juvenal2 of much philosophy1 and little belief2 of superb villas and superb taste2 of banquets for the palate in the shape of cookery1 and banquets for the eye in the shape of art2 of poetry singing dead songs on dead themes with the most polished and artistic vocalisation2 of everything most polished1 from the manners to the marble floors2 of vice carefully drained out of sight1 and large fountains of virtue springing in the open air2--in one word1 a most shining ,paganism indeed--as putrescence also shines4 ,unlike ,george ,gissing and so many others who had to wade to celebrity through sloughs of bitter destitution1 ,francis ,thompson felt no inclination to capitalize his expert knowledge of back streets and alleys for profit and the morbid entertainment of the curious4 ,his single failing in yielding to the attraction of an insidious drug seemed to be impotent to affect his high admirations and his clear perceptions in the regions of honor and religion4 ,illustration3 ,yea1 faileth now even dream ,the dreamer ,page #ee ,it is surely one of the literary glories of a distinguished family that ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,meynell succeeded in helping ,thompson to emancipate himself from the enslavement of a tyrannic habit4 ,his poetic genius began to flower in the new liberty4 ,for the next ten years interest in his poetry and literary friends and connections1 few and select1 made his life comparatively happy4 ,but he maintained a large measure of independence to the last4 ,that he was never ungrateful to those who befriended him1 his poems are ample proof4 ,but in ,london he always had his own lodgings in a cheap but respectable quarter of the city4 ,his unpunctual and preoccupied manner sometimes created small distresses for his devoted friends to relieve4 ,during the last ten years of his life he wrote little poetry4 ,his vitality1 never vigorous1 was ebbing and unequal to the demands of inspired verse4 ,but during these years of decline he wrote much golden prose4 ,he was a regular and highly valued contributor to the ,academy1 the ,athenaeum1 the ,nation1 and the ,daily ,chronicle4 ,one can hardly fail to be impressed by the mere industry of a writer of reputed slack habits of work4 ,the published volume of his selected essays is literary criticism1 as learned and allusive as ,matthew ,arnold's1 and as nicely poised1 with the advantage of being poised in more rarified heights than ,arnold's wings could hope to scale4 ,in this book is his classic and most wonderful essay on ,shelley1 written before his strength began to flag1 in which prose seems to be carried off its feet1 as it were1 in a very storm of poetic impulse4 ,the published essays are not a tithe of ,thompson's writings for the press4 ,moreover1 we have a study of ,blessed ,john de la ,salle1 a little volume on ,health and ,holiness1 and a large ,life of ,st4 ,ignatius ,loyola1 none of them suggesting even remotely the plantigrade writing of the mechanical hack4 ,during the last year of his life1 when consumption had almost completely undermined resistance1 his old habit reasserted its empire4 ,but it was not for long1 and can hardly be said to have hastened the end1 which came on ,november #ac1 #aijg1 in the ,hospital of ,st4 ,john and ,st4 ,elizabeth4 ,he was buried in ,st4 ,mary's ,cemetery1 ,kensal ,green1 and on his coffin were roses from ,george ,meredith's garden1 with the poet-novelist's message3 ,a true poet1 one of the small band4 ,the ,hound of ,heaven has been called the greatest ode in the ,english language4 ,such was the contemporary verdict of some of the most respected critics of the time1 and the conviction of its justness deepens with the passing of years4 ,recall the writers of great odes1 ,milton1 ,dryden1 ,pope1 ,gray1 ,collins1 ,wordsworth1 ,keats1 ,shelley1 ,coleridge1--the best they have done will not outstare the ,hound of ,heaven4 ,where shall we find its equal for exaltation of mood that knows no fatigue from the first word to the last8 ,the motion of angelic hosts must be like the movement of this ode1 combining in some marvellous and mysterious way the swiftness of lightning with the stately progress of a pageant white with the blinding white light of an awful ,presence4 ,the note of modernness is the quality which is most likely to mislead us in forecasting favorably the durability of contemporary poetry1 appealing as it does to so many personal issues irrelevant to the standards of immortal art4 ,this is precisely the note which is least conspicuous in the ,hound of ,heaven4 ,the poem might have been written in the days of ,shakespeare1 or1 in a different speech1 by ,dante or ,calderon4 ,the ,rev4 ,francis ,p4 ,le,buffe1 ,s4 ,j41 has written an interesting book on the ,hound of ,heaven1 pointing out the analogy between the poem and the psalms of ,david2 and another ,jesuit1 the late ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,x4 ,o',connor1 in a published ,study of the poem1 says that in it ,francis ,thompson seems to sing1 in verse1 the thought of ,st4 ,ignatius in the spiritual exercises1--the thought of ,st4 ,paul in the tender1 insistent love of ,christ for the soul1 and the yearning of ,christ for that soul which ever runs after creatures1 till the love of ,christ wakens in it a love of its ,god1 which dims and deadens all love of creatures except through love for ,him4 ,this was the love of ,st4 ,paul1 of ,st4 ,ignatius1 of ,st4 ,stanislaus1 of ,st4 ,francis of ,assist1 of ,st4 ,clare1 of ,st4 ,teresa4 ,illustration3 ,the hid battlements of ,eternity3 ,those shaken mists a space unsettle1 then ,round the half-glimpsed turrets slowly wash again ,page #ef ,the neologisms and archaic words employed in the poem seem to be a legitimate and instinctive effort of the poet's inspiration to soar above the limitations of time and to liberate itself from the transient accretions of a living1 and therefore constantly changing1 mode of speech4 ,he strove after an enfranchisement of utterance1 devoid of stratifying peculiarities1 assignable to no age or epoch1 and understood of all4 ,a soul-shaking thought1 prevalent throughout ,christendom1 was felt imaginatively by a highly endowed poet1 and1 like impetuous volcanic fires that fling heavenward mighty fragments and boulders of mountain in their red release1 found magnificent expression in elemental grandeurs of language1 shot through with the wild lights of hidden flames and transcending all pettiness of calculated artifice and fugitive fashion4 ,the dominating idea in the ,hound of ,heaven is so familiar1 so--one might say--innate1 that it is almost impudent to undertake to explain it4 ,even in the cases of persons to whom the reading of poetry is an uncultivated and difficult art1 there is an instantaneous leap of recognition as the thought emerges from the cloudy glories of the poem4 ,still1 modern popular systems of philosophy are so dehumanizing in their tendencies1 and so productive of what may be called secondary and artificially planted instincts1 that it is perhaps not entirely useless to attempt to elucidate the obvious4 ,the heavens1 says ,hazlitt1 have gone farther off and become astronomical4 ,the home-like conception of the universe in mediaeval times1 when dying was like going out of one room into another1 and man entertained a neighborly feeling for the angels1 has a tendency to disappear as science unfolds more and more new infinities of time and space1 new infinities of worlds and forms of life4 ,the curious notion has crept in1 that man must sink lower into insignificance with every new discovery of the vastness and huge design of creation4 ,god would seem to have over-reached ,himself in disclosing ,his power and majesty1 stunning and overwhelming the intellect and heart with the crushing weight of the evidences of ,his ,infinity4 ,we have modern thinkers regarding ,christian notions of the ,godhead as impossible to a mind acquainted with the paralyzing revelations of scientific knowledge4 ,the late ,john ,fiske used to deride what he called the anthromorphism of the ,christian idea of ,god1 as of a venerable1 white-bearded man4 ,and these philosophers deem it more reverent to deny any personal relationship between ,god and man for the reason that ,god is too great to be interested in man1 and man too little to be an object of interest4 ,before indicating the essential error of this attitude1 it is necessary to state1 merely for the sake of historical accuracy1 that the ,christian conception of the ,godhead1 as expressed by ,st4 ,thomas ,aquinas1 ,dante1 ,lessius1 and a host of ,christian writers1 has never been approached in its sublime suggestions of ,infinite and ,eternal power and glory by any modern philosopher4 ,in the second and third ,lectures of ,cardinal ,newman's1 ,scope and ,nature of ,university ,education1 there is an outline of the ,christian teaching of the nature of ,god which1 in painstaking accuracy of thought and sheer grandeur of conception1 has no counterpart in modern literature4 ,let us always remember that telescope and microscope in all the range of their discoveries have not uncovered the existence of anything greater than man himself4 ,the most massive star of the ,milky ,way is not so wonderful as the smallest human child4 ,moreover man's present entourage of illimitable space and countless circling suns and planets cannot be said to have cost an omnipotent ,god more trouble1 so to speak1 than a universe a million times smaller4 ,the prodigality of the ,creator reveals ,his endless resources2 if the vision of sidereal abysses and flaming globes intimidates me and makes me cynical about my unimportance1 is it not because ,i have lost the high consciousness of a spiritual being and forgotten the unplumbed chasms which separate matter from mind8 ,illustration3 ,whether man's heart or life it be which yields ,thee harvest1 must ,thy harvest fields ,be dunged with rotten death8 ,page #eg ,in ,francis ,thompson's ,catholic philosophy1 which must be partially understood if the reader is to get at the heart of the ,hound of ,heaven1 the tremendous manifestations of ,god's attributes of power prepare us to expect equally tremendous manifestations of ,his attributes of love4 ,the more prodigal ,god is discovered to be in lavish expenditures of omnipotence in the material universe1 the more alert the soul becomes to look for and to detect overwhelming surprises of ,divine ,love4 ,hence1 to ,thompson there was nothing irrational in the special revelation of ,god to man1 in ,his ,incarnation1 ,his death on the cross1 and ,his sacramental life in the ,church4 ,the ,divine energy of ,god's love1 as displayed in the supernatural revelation of ,himself1 seems to be even vaster and more intense than the ,divine energy of creation displayed in the revelation of nature4 ,every new revelation of ,god's power and wisdom which science unfolds serves only to restore a balance in our mind between ,god's power and ,god's love4 ,the more astronomical the heavens become1 the closer they bring ,god to us4 ,another conception of ,god to be kept in mind1 if we are to grasp the meaning of the ,hound of ,heaven1 is the omniscient character1 the infinite perfection1 of ,god's knowledge4 ,god sees each of us as fully and completely as if there were no one else and nothing else to see except us4 ,practically speaking1 ,god gives each one of us ,his undivided attention4 ,and through this spacious channel of ,his ,divine and exclusive attention pour the ocean-tides of ,his love4 ,the weak soul is afraid of the terrible excess of ,divine ,love4 ,it tries to elude it2 but ,love meets it at every cross-road and by-path1 down which it would run and hide itself1 and gently turns it back4 ,francis ,thompson1 in an interpretation of ,a ,narrow ,vessel1 has left us in prose a description of human weakness and wilfulness reluctant of its true bliss4 ,the following passage is an excellent commentary on the ,hound of ,heaven4 ,though ,god1 he says1 asks of the soul but to love ,him what it may1 and is ready to give an increased love for a poor little1 the soul feels that this infinite love demands naturally its whole self1 that if it begin to love ,god it may not stop short of all it has to yield4 ,it is troubled1 even if it did go a brief way1 on the upward path2 it fears and recoils from the whole great surrender1 the constant effort beyond itself which is sensibly laid on it4 ,it falls back with relieved contentment on some human love1 a love on its own plane1 where somewhat short of total surrender may go to requital1 where no upward effort is needful4 ,and it ends by giving for the meanest1 the most unsufficing and half-hearted return1 that utter self-surrender and self-effacement which it denied to ,god4 ,even 7how rarely7 if the return be such as mortal may render1 how empty and unsatiated it leaves the soul4 ,one always is less generous to love than the other4 ,god walks morning1 noon and eve in the garden of the soul1 calling it to a happiness which affrights it4 ,and the timid and self-seeking soul strives to hide itself under the stars1 under the clouds of heaven1 under human love1 under the distractions of work and pleasure and study1 offers itself as a wistful servitor to child and man and nature1 if they will but afford it a refuge from the persistent and gentle accents of pursuivant ,love4 ,but all things are in league with ,god1 ,who made and rules them4 ,they cannot conspire against ,him4 ,they betray the refugee4 ,he turns in abject surrender1 and is astonished to find the rest and happiness that he quested for so wildly4 ,the ,divine thwartings which had harassed the soul become a tender mystery of ,infinite ,love forcing itself upon an unworthy and unwilling creature4 ,someone has said that every life is a romance of ,divine ,love4 ,the ,hound of ,heaven is a version of that romance which smites the soul into an humble mood of acknowledgment and penitence4 ,,james ,j4 ,,daly1 ,s4 ,j4 ,,of ,,the ,,hound ,,of ,,heaven ,francis ,thompson1 born in ,preston in #ahei1 spent the greater part of his mature life in ,london where he died in #aijg4 ,he was educated at ,ushaw ,college near ,durham1 and afterwards went to ,owens ,college1 ,manchester1 to qualify as a doctor4 ,but his gift as prescriber and healer lay elsewhere than in the consulting-room4 ,he walked to ,london in search of a living1 finding1 indeed1 a prolonged near approach to death in its streets2 until at length his literary powers were discovered by himself and by others1 and he began1 in his later twenties1 an outpouring of verse which endured for a half-decade of years--his ,poems1 his ,sister ,songs1 and his ,new ,poems4 ,the ,hound of ,heaven marked the return of the nineteenth century to ,thomas ,kempis4 ,the great poetry of it transcended1 in itself and in its influence1 all conventions2 so that it won the love of a ,catholic ,mystic like ,coventry ,patmore2 was included by ,dean ,beeching in his ,lyra ,sacra among its older high compeers2 and gave new heart to quite another manner of man1 ,edward ,burne-,jones4 ,w4 ,m4 ,illustration ,,illustrations ,when she lit her glimmering tapers 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,frontispiece ,titanic glooms of chasmed fears ,across the margent of the world ,i fled ,i said to dawn3 ,be sudden ,i knew how the clouds arise ,naked ,i wait ,thy love's uplifted stroke6 ,yea1 faileth now even dream ,the hid battlements of ,eternity ,whether man's heart or life it be which yields ,i fled ,him1 down the labyrinthine ways ,lest1 having ,him1 ,i must have naught beside ,thunder-driven1 ,they clanged ,his chariot ,in her wind-walled palace ,i shook the pillaring hours ,and now my heart is as a broken fount ,that ,voice is round me like a bursting sea ,illustration3 ,i fled ,him1 down the labyrinthine ways ,of my own mind ,,the ,,hound ,,of ,,heaven ,i fled ,him1 down the nights and down the days2 ,i fled ,him1 down the arches of the years2 ,i fled ,him1 down the labyrinthine ways ,of my own mind2 and in the mist of tears ,i hid from ,him1 and under running laughter4 ,up vistaed hopes1 ,i sped2 ,and shot1 precipitated1 ,adown ,titanic glooms of chasmd fears1 ,from those strong ,feet that followed1 followed after4 ,but with unhurrying chase1 ,and unperturbd pace1 ,deliberate speed1 majestic instancy1 ,they beat--and a ,voice beat ,more instant than the ,feet-- ,all things betray thee1 who betrayest ,me4 ,illustration ,i pleaded1 out law-wise1 ,by many a hearted casement1 curtained red1 ,trellised with intertwining charities 7,for1 though ,i knew ,his love ,who followd1 ,yet was ,i sore adread ,lest1 having ,him1 ,i must have naught beside72 ,but1 if one little casement parted wide1 ,the gust of ,his approach would clash it to4 ,fear wist not to evade as ,love wist to pursue4 ,across the margent of the world ,i fled1 ,and troubled the gold gateways of the stars1 ,smiting for shelter on their clangd bars2 ,fretted to dulcet jars ,and silvern chatter the pale ports o' the moon4 ,i said to dawn3 ,be sudden2 to eve3 ,be soon-- ,with thy young skyey blossoms heap me over ,from this tremendous ,lover6 ,float thy vague veil about me1 lest ,he see6 ,i tempted all ,his servitors1 but to find ,my own betrayal in their constancy1 ,in faith to ,him their fickleness to me1 ,their traitorous trueness1 and their loyal deceit4 ,to all swift things for swiftness did ,i sue2 ,clung to the whistling mane of every wind4 ,but whether they swept1 smoothly fleet1 ,the long savannahs of the blue2 ,or whether1 ,thunder-driven1 ,they clanged ,his chariot 'thwart a heaven ,plashy with flying lightnings round the spurn o' their feet3-- ,fear wist not to evade as ,love wist to pursue4 ,still with unhurrying chase1 ,and unperturbd pace1 ,deliberate speed1 majestic instancy1 ,came on the following ,feet1 ,and a ,voice above their beat-- ,naught shelters thee1 who wilt not shelter ,me4 ,illustration3 ,thunder-driven1 ,they clanged ,his chariot 'thwart a heaven ,plashy with flying lightnings round the spurn o' their feet ,illustration ,i sought no more that after which ,i strayed ,in face of man or maid2 ,but still within the little children's eyes ,seems something1 something that replies1 ,they at least are for me1 surely for me6 ,i turned me to them very wistfully2 ,but just as their young eyes grew sudden fair ,with dawning answers there1 ,their angel plucked them from me by the hair4 ,illustration3 ,in her wind-walled palace ,come then1 ye other children1 ,nature's--share ,with me 7said ,i7 your delicate fellowship2 ,let me greet you lip to lip1 ,let me twine with you caresses1 ,wantoning ,with our ,lady-,mother's vagrant tresses1 ,banqueting ,with her in her wind-walled palace1 ,underneath her azured das1 ,quaffing1 as your taintless way is1 ,from a chalice ,lucent-weeping out of the dayspring4 ,so it was done2 ,i in their delicate fellowship was one-- ,drew the bolt of ,nature's secrecies4 ,i knew all the swift importings ,on the wilful face of skies2 ,i knew how the clouds arise1 ,spumd of the wild sea-snortings2 ,all that's born or dies ,rose and drooped with2 made them shapers ,of mine own moods1 or wailful or divine-- ,with them joyed and was bereaven4 ,i was heavy with the even1 ,when she lit her glimmering tapers ,round the day's dead sanctities4 ,i laughed in the morning's eyes4 ,i triumphed and ,i saddened with all weather1 ,heaven and ,i wept together1 ,and its sweet tears were salt with mortal mine2 ,against the red throb of its sunset-heart ,i laid my own to beat1 ,and share commingling heat2 ,but not by that1 by that1 was eased my human smart4 ,in vain my tears were wet on ,heaven's grey cheek4 ,for ah6 we know not what each other says1 ,these things and ,i2 in sound ,i speak-- ,their sound is but their stir1 they speak by silences4 ,nature1 poor stepdame1 cannot slake by drouth2 ,let her1 if she would owe me1 ,drop yon blue bosom-veil of sky1 and show me ,the breasts o' her tenderness3 ,never did any milk of hers once bless ,my thirsting mouth4 ,nigh and nigh draws the chase1 ,with unperturbd pace1 ,deliberate speed1 majestic instancy1 ,and past those noisd ,feet ,a ,voice comes yet more fleet-- ,lo6 naught contents thee1 who content'st not ,me4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,i shook the pillaring hours ,and pulled my life upon me ,naked ,i wait ,thy love's uplifted stroke6 ,my harness piece by piece ,thou hast hewn from me1 ,and smitten me to my knee2 ,i am defenceless utterly4 ,i slept1 methinks1 and woke1 ,and1 slowly gazing1 find me stripped in sleep4 ,in the rash lustihead of my young powers1 ,i shook the pillaring hours ,and pulled my life upon me2 grimed with smears1 ,i stand amid the dust o' the mounded years-- ,my mangled youth lies dead beneath the heap4 ,my days have crackled and gone up in smoke1 ,have puffed and burst as sun-starts on a stream4 ,yea1 faileth now even dream ,the dreamer1 and the lute the lutanist2 ,even the linked fantasies1 in whose blossomy twist ,i swung the earth a trinket at my wrist1 ,are yielding2 cords of all too weak account ,for earth1 with heavy griefs so overplussed4 ,ah6 is ,thy love indeed ,a weed1 albeit an amaranthine weed1 ,suffering no flowers except its own to mount8 ,ah6 must-- ,designer infinite6-- ,ah6 must ,thou char the wood ere ,thou canst limn with it8 ,my freshness spent its wavering shower i' the dust2 ,and now my heart is as a broken fount1 ,wherein tear-drippings stagnate1 spilt down ever ,from the dank thoughts that shiver ,upon the sighful branches of my mind4 ,such is2 what is to be8 ,the pulp so bitter1 how shall taste the rind8 ,i dimly guess what ,time in mists confounds2 ,yet ever and anon a trumpet sounds ,from the hid battlements of ,eternity3 ,those shaken mists a space unsettle1 then ,round the half-glimpsd turrets slowly wash again2 ,but not ere ,him who summoneth ,i first have seen1 enwound ,and now my heart is as a broken fount1 ,wherein tear-drippings stagnate1 spilt down ever ,from the dank thoughts that shiver ,with glooming robes purpureal1 cypress-crowned2 ,his name ,i know1 and what his trumpet saith4 ,whether man's heart or life it be which yields ,thee harvest1 must ,thy harvest fields ,be dunged with rotten death8 ,illustration3 ,and now my heart is as a broken fount1 ,wherein tear-drippings stagnate1 spilt down ever ,from the dank thoughts that shiver ,illustration ,now of that long pursuit ,comes on at hand the bruit2 ,that ,voice is round me like a bursting sea3 ,and is thy earth so marred1 ,shattered in shard on shard8 ,lo1 all things fly thee1 for thou fliest ,me6 ,strange1 piteous1 futile thing1 ,wherefore should any set thee love apart8 ,seeing none but ,i makes much of naught 7,he said71 ,and human love needs human meriting3 ,how hast thou merited-- ,of all man's clotted clay the dingiest clot8 ,alack1 thou knowest not ,how little worthy of any love thou art6 ,whom wilt thou find to love ignoble thee1 ,save ,me1 save only ,me8 ,all which ,i took from thee ,i did but take1 ,not for thy harms1 ,but just that thou might'st seek it in ,my arms4 ,all which thy child's mistake ,fancies as lost1 ,i have stored for thee at home3 ,rise1 clasp ,my hand1 and come4 ,halts by me that footfall3 ,is my gloom1 after all1 ,shade of ,his hand1 outstretched caressingly8 ,ah1 fondest1 blindest1 weakest1 ,i am ,he ,whom thou seekest6 ,thou dravest love from thee1 who dravest ,me4 ,illustration3 ,that ,voice is round me like a bursting sea ,illustration ,illustration3 ,back end papers