,,presbyt]ian ,,wor%ip ,,its ,,_s ,,me?od ,,& ,,hi/ory ,,by ,,rob]t ,,john/on1 ,d4,d41 ,london4 ,,toronto2 ,,! ,,publi%]s' ,,syndicate1 ,,limit$4 #aija ,,introduction4 ,! wor%ip ( ! sanctu>y is a liv+ subject ( discussion & practice 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*es ( ! _w at l>ge1 &1 )9 late ye>s1 9 t ( ! ,canadian ,dom9ion4 ,_m e>ne/ m9ds are approa*+ ! /udy ( ! subject f v>i\s /&po9ts1 ea* wor?y ( att5tive consid]ation4 ,"o reg>ds x f ! dogmatic position ( scriptural prec$5t1 or f ! l>g] "o ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciple2 ! ae/hetic m9d comes to x ) visions ( ord] & beauty2 ! practical1 ) 8 view ( ! ,*ur*'s ne$s 9 mission fields & 9 mix$ congregations4 ,!re is room 9 ! discussion = ! l>ge/ /atem5t ( lawful op9ion1 f\nd$ on conviction ( absolute "r1 & on ,*ri/ian exp$i5cy1 & = ! ex]cise ( abundant *>ity4 ,dr4 ,john/on gives no unc]ta9 s\nd on ! subject4 ,to 8 m9d ! duty ( ! ,*ur*1 fir/ & la/1 is to pres]ve spirituality ( wor%ip1 & to disc\nt5ance ev]y?+ t may t5d to int]f]e ) ! same4 ,b1 :ile ?is _s p]vades 8 "w1 8 me?od is hi/orical1 & ?us preem95tly fair & imp>tial 9 /atem5t4 ,! pres5tation ( ! argum5t 9 concrete or hi/orical =m inve/s x ) an int]e/ :i* c\ld h>dly be comm&$ by ei!r dogmatic or practical me?ods1 :ile x excludes nei!r4 ,dr4 ,john/on br+s to 8 task ripe s*ol>%ip1 includ+ ext5sive k ( ,*ur* hi/ory & ecclesiology1 8 pr(ici5cy 9 :i* he has rec5tly v9dicat$ 9 su* a mann] z to leave no room = d\bt4 ,to ?is he adds ! tea*+ ( pa/oral exp]i5ce 9 mission fields1 prior to 8 ord9ation1 &1 s9ce !n1 9 l>ge & influ5tial congregations2 &1 to cr[n ! :ole1 he>tfelt devotion to ! ,*ur* ( 8 fa!rs1 & unsw]v+ p]sonal loyalty to its ,k+ & ,head4 ,) ador+ ?anks to ! great ,tea*] ( u all1 :o rew>ds pr(essors 9 _! decl9+ ye>s ) ! affectionate reg>d ( _! :ilom be/ /ud5ts1 n[ become wise & /rong m5 9 ! ,*ur*'s s]vice1 ,i cordially comm5d to all :o may read ^! words1 ?is outcome ( ,dr4 ,john/on's ,*ri/ian erudition & consci5ti\s lit]>y labor4 7signature ( ,john ,campbell7 ,,presbyt]ian ,,college1 ,,montreal1 ,m>*1 #aija4 ,,to ,,"o ,,:o ,,lov$ ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,god ,,on ,,e>?1 ,,& ,,wor%ips ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,city ,,:]e9 ,,is ,,no ,,temple-- ,,my ,,"m4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,law ,,& ,,! ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,presbyt]ian ,,wor%ip ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,knox3 ,,! ,,=mative ,,p]iod ,,( ,,presbyt]ian ,,wor%ip ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,knox',s ,,book ,,( ,,common ,,ord]4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,a ,,diet ,,( ,,public ,,wor%ip ,,9 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,knox ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,controv]sy ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,we/m9/] ,,assembly ,,& ,,! ,,directory ,,( ,,wor%ip ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,legislation ,,conc]n+ ,,public ,,wor%ip ,,9 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,subsequ5t ,,to ,,! ,,revolution ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,presbyt]ian ,,wor%ip ,,outside ,,( ,,! ,,e/abli%$ ,,*ur* ,,( ,,scotl& ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,mod]n ,,movem5ts ,,9 ,,presbyt]ian ,,*ur*es ,,respect+ ,,public ,,wor%ip ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,conclusion ,inw>d tru? ( he>t alone1 is :at ! ,"l requires4 ,ex]cises sup]add$ are to be approv$1 s f> z !y are subs]vi5t to ,tru?1 useful incitem5ts1 or m>ks ( pr(ession to atte/ our fai? to m54 ,nor d we reject ?+s t5d+ to ! pres]vation ( ,ord] & ,discipl9e4 ,b :5 consci5ces are put "u fett]s1 & b\nd by religi\s obligations1 9 matt]s 9 :i* ,god will$ !m to be free1 !n mu/ we boldly prote/ 9 ord] t ! wor%ip ( ,god be n vitiat$ by human fictions4--,,calv94 ,,prefatory ,,note4 ,! purpose 9 ! foll[+ pages is a simple "o4 ,x is to discov] ! tr5d ( ?\ght 9 connection ) ,public ,wor%ip )9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,scotl&1 dur+ ! c\rse ( h] hi/ory s9ce ! ,re=mation4 ,! _s ( ! ,*ur* 9 h] /irr+ & =mative p]iods1 especially if t _s is a con/ant "o1 is pregnant ) in/ruction4 ,su* a con/ant _s is readily discov]$ by a /udy ( ! attitude ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* t[>ds ! subject ( ,public ,wor%ip dur+ ! c\rse ( h] hi/ory1 & to ! writ] x seems v evid5t t t _s indicates an increas+ suspicion ( liturgical =ms 9 ,wor%ip1 & a gr[+ confid5ce 91 & desire =1 ! lib]ty ( untrammel$ approa* to ,god4 ,:e!r ?is _s be ! be/ or n1 x is n ! purpose ( ^! pages to discuss4 ,! great pr9ciple ( ! lib]ty ( ! ,*ur* 9 matt]s ( detail1 is fully recogniz$1 a pr9ciple ev] to be s$ul\sly gu>d$1 b an appeal is made to ! record ( hi/ory = its evid5ce z to ! hi/oric attitude ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 on a "q :i* to-day is claim+ ! e>ne/ att5tion ( ^? :o desire = t ,*ur* fidelity to h] ,"l & effici5cy 9 ,8 "w4 ,my indebt$ness 9 ! /udy ( ?is subject to ,dr4 ,mc,crie's ,cunn+ham ,lectures on ,scotti% ,presbyt]ian ,wor%ip1 ,br[n's ,life ( ,john ,knox1 ,sprott's ,scotti% ,liturgies & ,baird's ,eutaxia1 z well z to v>i\s ,hi/ories ( ! ,re=mation 9 ,scotl&1 & = ,am]ican ,*ur* ,hi/ory to ,moore's & ,alex&]'s valuable dige/s1 ,i gladly & ) gratitude ackn[l$ge4 ,an abundant & increas+ lit]ature ^u ! subject ( ,public ,wor%ip is an enc\rag+ sign ( ! att5tion :i* ! ,*ur* is giv+ to a matt] s vital to its be/ life4 ,r4 ,j4 ,,/4 ,,&rew',s ,,manse1 ,,london1 ,janu>y1 #aija4 ,! ,law & ! ,lib]ty ( ,presbyt]ian ,wor%ip4 ,:ile x is admitt$ t !re is a =m ( gov]nm5t prescrib$ or in/itut$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 s f> z its g5]al pr9ciples or features are conc]n$1 !re is a wide discretion all[$ u by ,god 9 matt]s ( detail1 :i* no man or set ( m51 :i* nei!r civil magi/rates nor ecclesia/ical rul]s c take f u4--,,hodge4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,law & ! ,lib]ty ( ,presbyt]ian ,wor%ip4 ,! ,^w ( ,god1 :i* is conta9$ 9 ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 is ! only rule to direct u h[ we may glorify & enjoy ,him4--,,we/m9/] ,,cate*ism4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 z a div9e communion1 exi/s 9 ! _w = a def9ite & appo9t$ purpose4 ,?is purpose may be decl>$ to be tw(old1 & may be describ$ by ! t]ms ,witness & ,wor%ip4 ,x is ! evid5t design ( ,god t ! visible ,*ur* %\ld be> witness to ,8 exi/5ce & "*1 to ,8 revelation & provid5ce1 & to ,8 grace t[>ds mank9d1 manife/$ 9 ,8 ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,to ,israel ,god said1 ,ye are my witnesses1 & to ,8 disciples =m+ ! nucleus ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,*ur*1 ! ris5 ,savi\r said1 ,ye %all be witnesses unto ,me4 ,side by side ) ?is evid5t end ( ! ,*ur*'s exi/5ce is ! o!r "o ( ,wor%ip4 ,n only f ! individual he>t does ,god require ascriptions ( praise & expressions ( confid5ce1 b f ! organiz$ congregation ( ,8 p1 ,he desires to he> ! voice ( adoration1 contrition1 & supplication4 ,! cultivation ( su* wor%ip1 & ! (f]+ ( x 9 a mann] acceptable to ,god1 is a "w wor?y ( ! ,*ur*'s mo/ e>ne/ c>e4 ,x is to be expect$1 !re=e1 t 9 ! ,^w ( ,god !re %all be f\nd ! pr9ciples ( a cultus :i*1 possess+ ,div9e au?ority1 %all c>ry ) x ! assurance ( its suffici5cy = ! ends aim$ at1 & ( its suitability to ! requirem5ts ( ! ,*ur* 9 e age4 ,t ! ^w ( ,god conta9s su* pr9ciples cle>ly indicat$1 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* has always ma9ta9$1 tea*+ uni=mly & emphatically t ,holy ,scripture conta9s all t is necess>y = ! guidance ( ! ,*ur*1 z well 9 matt]s ( ,polity & ,wor%ip1 z 9 ^? ( ,doctr9e4 ,div9e wor%ip1 !re=e1 nei!r 9 its con/ant elem5ts nor 9 its me?ods1 is a matt] ( m]e human device1 nor is ! ,*ur* at lib]ty to devise or to adopt aught t is n explicitly /at$ or implicitly conta9$ 9 ! ,^w ( ,god = h] guidance4 ,! ess5tial p>ts ( wor%ip we are at no loss to discov]1 cle>ly indicat$ z !y are 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,apo/olic ,*ur*4 ,praise & ,pray]1 ) ! read+ & exposition ( ,scripture1 toge!r ) ! celebration ( ! ,sacram5ts1 are repeat$ly ref]r$ to z ^? ex]cises 9 :i* ! e>ly ,*ri/ians engag$4 ,) su* wor%ip1 ?\gh 9 m elaborate =m1 ! ,*ur* _h always be5 famili>1 = z ,*ri/ianity itself 0 9 s _m respects ! fruit & outcome ( ,judaism1 ! expansion1 into pr9ciples ( _w-wide & p]petual application1 ( tru?s t _h hi!rto be5 national & local1 s its wor%ip & organization 71 9 l>ge measure1 ! adaptation ( famili> =ms to ^? simpl] & m compreh5sive ones ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,*ur*4 ,?r\gh\t ! successive p]iods ( ,israel's hi/ory1 m>k$ by patri>*1 psalmi/1 & prophet1 ,div9e wor%ip _h gr[n f simple sacrifice at a family alt> to an elaborate temple-ritual1 9 :i* praise & pray] & ! read+ ( ! ,law occupi$ a prom95t place2 to ?is 7 add$ 9 lat] times ! exposition ( ! ,law & ! read+ ( ! ,prophets4 ,?is s]vice1 elaborate ) magnific5t & impos+ =ms1 cont9u$ 9 connection ) ! ,temple wor%ip d[n to ! "t ( our ,savi\r1 :ile 9 ! ,synagogue a simpl] s]vice1 comb9+ all ! ess5tial p>ts ( ! =m] ) ! exception ( sacrifice1 0 develop$ dur+ ! p]iod subsequ5t to ! ,babylonian captivity1 :51 z is g5]ally conc$$1 ! ,synagogue ) its s]vice _h its orig94 ,ap>t !n f ! ritual connect$ ) sacrifice1 :i* 0 :olly typical1 ! temple s]vice & ! simpl] wor%ip ( ! ,synagogue 7 id5tical 9 _! diff]5t p>ts1 al?\gh diff]+ widely 9 =m4 ,n[1 j z ,*ri/ianity 0 itself n a sub/itute = ! ,jewi% religion b a developm5t & enl>gem5t ( x1 s ,*ri/ian wor%ip 0 an outgr[?1 ) l>g] mean+ & broad] application1 ( ! wor%ip ( ,god :i* = c5turies _h be5 conduct$ among ! ,jews4 ,x cont9u$ to comprise ! ess5tial elem5ts ( pray] & praise1 toge!r ) ! read+ & exposition ( ! ,div9e message1 a message :i* 0 enl>g$ 9 ,apo/olic times by ! record conc]n+ ! ,*ri/ :o _h come1 & by ! inspir$ writ+s ( ! ,apo/les ( our ,"l to ! ,*ur* :i* !y _h be5 commission$ to plant & fo/]1 :ile associat$ ) ^! 0 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts ( ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,x has always be5 ma9ta9$ by ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 t ( ^! diff]5t elem5ts ( wor%ip1 none %\ld be neglect$1 inasmu* z all ( !m h ,div9e sanction1 & t to ^! no?+ %\ld be add$1 inasmu* z any addition made1 c\ld possess human sanction only1 & w\ld be a transgression ( ! pr9ciple t ,scripture & ,scripture alone conta9s au?ority = ! gov]nm5t & practice ( ! ,*ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x foll[s t 9 ! arrangem5t & adju/m5t ( ea* ( ^! v>i\s p>ts ( wor%ip1 9 _! due relation to ea* o!r1 & 9 ! det]m9ation ( ! me?ods t %all prevail 9 _! p]=mance1 ! ,*ur* mu/ be gov]n$ by an appreciation ( ! purpose = :i* !y h be5 e/abli%$1 & ( ! ends :i* !y are expect$ to s]ve4 ,! object ( public wor%ip mu/ ev] be kept 9 view1 & no =ms1 h[ev] attractive1 are to be admitt$ by :i* t object may be hidd5 or obscur$3 on ! o!r h&1 ord] & seeml9ess dem& a due att5tion1 & x is an error1 only less mis*iev\s ?an ! =m]1 to h reg>d to ! _s ( wor%ip alone1 & ?us to neglect :atev] suitable =ms & me?ods may be/ secure ! ord]ly & appropriate p]=mance ( its e "p4 ,! mo/ commonly recogniz$ purpose ( public wor%ip is ! cultivation ( ! spiritual life ( ! wor%ipp]1 & ?is is atta9$ by ! employm5t ( means int5d$ to br+ ! s\l into an attitude ( response to its ,"l4 ,x foll[s !n t matt]s ( =m1 attitude1 & ord] 9 wor%ip1 %\ld be s arrang$ & regulat$ t !y may s]ve z aids to ! secur+ ( ?is end1 & t no?+ %\ld be p]mitt$ :i* may 9 any way int]f]e ) ! developm5t ( ?is _s ( response on ! "p ( ^? s engag$4 ,& :5 x is rememb]$ h[ small a matt] may int]f]e ) ! wor%ip ( a congregation1 & h[ easily di/urb$ & di/ract$ ! he>ts ( m5 are by unt[>d circum/ances or conditions1 x w be se5 t n only ! =ms ( wor%ip dem& att5tion1 b t ! ord] ( its diff]5t p>ts1 ! attitude ( ! wor%ipp]s1 & all matt]s ( detail are wor?y ( c>eful ?\ght & ( e>ne/ consid]ation4 ,b ,*ri/ian wor%ip has an altrui/ic aim also1 & is int5d$ to s]ve z a witness be=e ! _w to ^? fundam5tal tru?s pr(ess$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,) ?is end 9 view1 x is evid5t t its =ms %\ld be su* z %all mo/ cle>ly & effectively set =? be=e ! eyes ( behold]s1 ^? tru?s & pr9ciples :i* ! ,*ur* holds z ess5tial to ,*ri/ian fai? & practice4 ,to obscure su* a public decl>ation ( ,*ri/ian belief1 by hid+ ^! tru?s b5ea? an elaborate adornm5t t disguises or completely conceals !m1 is to be fai?less to ! commission ( ,jesus ,*ri/ to be a witness unto ,him be=e ! _w2 to neglect su* witness-be>+1 or by c>elessness or inatt5tion to detail1 to r5d] x 9 a mann] s ineffective z to disp>age ! tru? 9 ! eyes ( behold]s1 is to be none ! less unfai?ful to t great commission4 ,) ! tw(old purpose ( wor%ip cle>ly kept 9 view z ! f\ndation = any discussion ( ?is subject1 x is also to be rememb]$ t ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is left free by h] ,div9e ,k+ & ,head1 s to ord] matt]s ( detail1 "u ! guidance ( ! ,_s ( ,tru?1 & 9 h>mony ) ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ,scripture1 z may 9 accordance ) v>y+ ages & circum/ances seem be/ = ! atta9m5t ( ! ends desir$4 ,:ile ,*ri/ian wor%ip 9 its ess5tial p>ts is prescrib$ by ,scripture1 ! ,*ur* is free to amplify or develop ^! g5]al outl9es1 provid$ only t all be 9 h>mony ) ! _s ( ,revelation4 ,x is v evid5t t new conditions ( a progressive civilization1 ! _s ( ! times1 or ! p>ticul> circum/ances ( a community1 may make desirable a modification ( a p>ticul> me?od ( wor%ip long practis$2 x is = ! ,*ur*1 rely+ ev] on ! guidance ( ! ,_s ( ,tru?1 to det]m9e h[ su* modification may1 )\t violation to ! _s ( ,scripture1 be made4 ,= ?is reason x c nev] be b9d+ ^u ! ,*ur* to accept z f9al1 ! p>ticul> me?ods ( wor%ip us$ & f\nd suitable by m5 ( ano!r age or ano!r l&2 :ile su* may be accept$ z valuable = sugge/ions conta9$1 & z indicat+ ! _s t controll$ good & great m5 ( ano!r "t1 yet ! ,*ur* c only accept !m 79 loyalty to ! ,_s ,:o abides 9 h]1 & ,:o is h]s 9 e age7 9 s f> z !y prove !mselves suitable to pres5t times & conditions4 ,! pres5t possession by ! ,*ur*1 ( ! ,holy ,_s z a guide into all tru?1 accord+ to ! promise ( ,*ri/ to ,8 disciples1 is a doctr9e t no bran* ( ! ,*ur* w\ld readily surr5d]1 & h] "r1 "u t guidance1 to seek ! good ( ! body ( ,*ri/ on l9es :i*1 :ile consi/5t ) ! pr9ciples ( ,scripture1 comm5d !mselves to h] z m suitable to pres5t conditions ?an =m] me?ods1 ?is "r is "o :i* %e c "p ) only at ! risk ( endang]+ h] usefulness to h] own age4 ,to ,presbyt]ians1 !re=e1 ?ankful z !y are = an hi/oric pa/ t has 9 x s mu* to ar\se gratitude to ,god & loyalty to ! ,*ur* !y love1 ! cit+ ( ! practice ( _! =efa!rs 9 ,re=mation times1 or ev5 t ( ! e>ly fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 c nev] be a f9al argum5t = ! acceptance ( any p>ticul> me?od 9 wor%ip4 ,believ+ 9 a ,*ur* 9 :i* ! ,_s ( ,god z truly gov]ns & guides to-day z ,he did 9 ,re=mation or po/-,apo/olic times1 & 9 a ,*ri/ian lib]ty ( :i* nei!r ! practice nor legislation ( holy m5 ( ! pa/ c deprive !m1 !y rightly refuse to surr5d] _! lib]ty or to retire f _! responsibility4 ,9 ! be/ & true/ s5se ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* is ,apo/olic1 & h] spiritual succession f ! ,apo/les %e *]i%es ) an unfalt]+ confid5ce4 ,:ile reject+ ! ritual !ory ( ! ,*ur*1 %e has nev] be5 c>eless ( ! true succession ( fai? & doctr9e & practice f ! "t ( ! ,apo/les to ! pres5t day1 a succession to :i* %e lays a n unwor?y claim2 &1 claim+ loyalty to ,apo/olic doctr9e1 polity & practice1 %e has ev] be5 jeal\s 9 ass]t+ h] ,div9e "r1 z an ,apo/olic ,*ur*1 to ! controll+ pres5ce & guid+ wisdom ( ! ,holy ,_s ( ,god4 ,"u ! guidance ( t ,_s %e has ev] claim$1 & /ill claims1 ! "r ( adm9i/]+ ! gov]nm5t & direct+ ! wor%ip :i*1 9 _! ess5tial pr9ciples1 are set =? 9 ,scripture1 nei!r sup]cili\sly reg>d+ h]self 9 any age z indep5d5t ( ^? :o h gone be=e1 & s disreg>d+ ! legislation & practice ( ! fa!rs1 nor1 on ! o!r h&1 slavi%ly accept+ su* legislation & practice z b9d+ ^u ! ,*ur* = all "t1 & z exclud+ = ev] any progress or *ange4 ,t _s1 at once ( indep5d5ce z reg>ds man1 & ( dep5d5ce z reg>ds ,god1 has *>act]iz$ ,presbyt]ianism 9 its mo/ vigor\s & progressive p]iods2 by t _s mu/ x /ill be *>act]iz$ if1 9 succe$+ ages1 ! "w allott$ to x is to be fai?fully & well p]=m$4 ,if !n ! ,*ur* ( "o age is s indep5d5t ( ^? :o 9 o!r times h s]v$ h]1 x may be ask$ ( :at int]e/ is h] pa/ hi/ory to u ( to-day1 & ( :at b5efit to u is a k ( ! legislation & practice ( ! ,*ur* 9 o!r p]iods ( h] progress8 ,( mu* value 9 e way is su* k4 ,^? p]iods 9 p>ticul>1 9 :i* ! ,*ur* has made notable progress1 & 9 :i* h] life has evid5tly be5 *>act]iz$ by mu* ( ! ,holy ,_s's pres5ce & p[]1 may well be /udi$1 z times :5 ^? 9 au?ority 71 inde$1 l$ to wise measures1 & guid$ to ^? me?ods ( adm9i/ration & practice1 :i* by _! success approv$ !mselves z enjoy+ ! ,div9e favor2 ! lamp ( exp]i5ce is "o :i* wise m5 w nev] treat ) indiff]5ce4 ,9 /udy+ ! ,re=mation p]iod1 !re=e1 a p]iod m>k$ by special activity & progress )9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 we d s1 n s mu* to discov] =ms :i* we may adopt & imitate1 z to discov] ! _s :i* mov$ ! lead]s 9 ! ,*ur* ( t day1 & ! pr9ciples :i* gov]n$ !m 9 =mulat+ ^? regulations1 & 9 adopt+ ^? practices1 :i* prov$ suitable & successful 9 _! own age4 ,to emulate ! _s ( brave & wise m5 ( ! pa/ is ! "p ( wisdom1 to imitate _! me?ods may be ! extreme ( folly4 ,ano!r result1 & "o equally desirable1 w be atta9$ by a /udy ( ,presbyt]ian practice f ,re=mation times onw>d4 ,x w transpire1 z we foll[ ! hi/ory ( public wor%ip1 by :at pa?s we h arriv$ at our pres5t position1 & we %all discov] :e!r t position is ! result ( dilig5t & c>eful se>* aft] ^? me?ods mo/ 9 accord ) ,scripture pr9ciples1 & s be/ suit$ to ! diff]5t p]iods ?r\gh :i* 9 h] progress ! ,*ur* has pass$1 or :e!r x is due to a tempor>y neglect ( su* pr9ciples1 & a disreg>d ( ! *ang+ necessities ( diff]5t ages4 ,we %all discov]1 9 a ^w1 :e!r we h advanc$1 9 dep5d5ce ^u ! ,_s ( ,god & 9 recognition ( our responsibilities1 or :e!r we h retrograd$ ?r\gh self-tru/ & indiff]5ce4 ,! ,age ( ,knox3 ! ,=mative ,p]iod ( ,presbyt]ian ,wor%ip4 ,among ! great p]sonages ( ! pa/ x w\ld be difficult to "n "o :o 9 ! same degree has vitaliz$ & dom9at$ ! collective en]gies ( 8 c\ntrym54--,,br[n',s ,,life ,,( ,,knox4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,age ( ,knox3 ! ,=mative ,p]iod ( ,presbyt]ian ,wor%ip4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #aefj t ! ,re=m$ religion 0 (ficially recogniz$ by ! ,e/ates ( ! ,realm ( ,scotl&1 z ! fai? ( ! nation4 ,?is recognition consi/$ 9 ! adoption by ,p>liam5t ( ! fir/ ,scotti% ,confession1 a =mula drawn up by ,knox & 8 bre?r5 at ,p>liam5t's reque/1 & =mally approv$ by t body z :olesome & s\nd doctr9e gr\nd$ ^u ! infallible tru? ( ,god's ,^w4 ,?is ye> may1 !re=e1 be reg>d$ z ! ye> ( ! bir? ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 al?\gh previ\s to x ! ,re=m$ fai? _h be5 prea*$1 & its wor%ip practis$1 9 _m p>ts ( ! l& :]e nobles & b>ons1 :o _h !mselves adopt$ x1 held individual or unit$ sway4 ,a glance at ! condition ( affairs 9 ,scotl& 9 ! ye>s imm$iately prior to ?is ev5t w be in/ructive4 ,9 #aeeg1 z a result ( ,knox's rebuke ( ! ,scotti% nobles = _! hesitancy 9 =w>d+ ! ,re=m$ fai?1 ! ,conf$]ation ( ! ,lords ( ! ,congregation 0 =m$1 & its memb]s subscrib$ to ! fir/ ( ! five ,cov5ants t play$ s important a "p 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ,scotl&4 ,9 ?is ,cov5ant1 ^? subscrib+ b\nd !mselves to ma9ta9 & fur!r ! bless$ ,^w ( ,god & ,8 congregation & to r5\nce ! congregation ( ,satan ) all ! sup]/itions1 abom9ations & idolatry !re(4 ,to ! g5]al decl>ation 7 app5d$ two p>ticul> resolutions1 9 :i* 0 express$ a det]m9ation to fur!r ! prea*+ ( ! ,^w1 9 ! meantime1 9 private h\ses1 & to insi/ on ! use ( ,k+ ,edw>d's ,pray] ,book 9 p>i%es "u ! control ( subscrib]s to ! ,cov5ant4 ,by ^! same ,prote/ant lords & common]s ! fir/ (ficial ord]1 au?oriz+ = _! own p>i%es a =m ( ,re=m$ wor%ip 9 ,scotl&1 0 issu$ 9 ^! t]ms3-- ,x is orda9$ t ! ,common ,pray]s be read weekly on ,sunday1 & o!r fe/ival days1 publicly 9 ! p>i% ,kirks ) ! lessons ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts con=m to ! ord] ( ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]4 ,x is g5]ally conc$$1 & ! judgm5t is support$ by ! ref]5ces to x 9 ,scotti% hi/ory1 t ?is ,book ( ,common ,pray] ?us au?oriz$ 0 ! second ,book ( ,k+ ,edw>d ! ,six?4 ,f ! ye> #aeeg until ! arrival ( ,knox 9 ,scotl& 9 #aeei ?is 0 ! ,book commonly us$ 9 p>i%es :]e ! ,re=m$ religion prevail$4 ,x disappe>$1 h[ev]1 z s mu* else ( a =eign "* disappe>$1 9 ! c\rse ( ! national ,re=mation1 giv+ place to ! ,book prep>$ by ,knox & !n commonly kn[n z ,! ,book ( ,our ,common ,ord] b n[ frequ5tly ref]r$ to z ,knox's ,liturgy4 ,?is 0 orig9ally ! "w ( ,knox & f\r associate re=m]s liv+ 9 exile 9 ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 & ! hi/ory ( its orig9 is int]e/+4 ,x _h be5 requir$ ( ! ,engli% refugees liv+ at ,frank=t1 z a condition ( _! be+ all[$ to use = wor%ip ! ,fr5* *ur* ( t t[n1 t !y %\ld adopt ! ,ord] ( ,wor%ip ( ! ,fr5* ,re=m$ ,*ur*4 ,to ?is requirem5t ! majority agre$1 b1 "s object+1 x 0 f9ally det]m9$ t five ( _! numb]1 ( :om ,knox 0 "o1 %\ld draw up a new ord] ( s]vice4 ,?is "w1 und]tak5 9 #aeed1 0 duly accompli%$1 b :5 complet$ x fail$ to f9d acceptance at ! h&s ( ^? :o _h propos$ x4 ,! draft ( ! new book 0 !re=e laid aside until #aeef1 & 0 !n publi%$ = ! use ( ! *ur* at ,g5eva1 ( :i* ,knox 9 ! meantime _h become ! m9i/]4 ,!re is 9 connection ) ?is ,book1 & ! debates & di/urbances att5d+ its prep>ation1 "o in/ructive fact t %\ld n be =gott54 ,! ,engli% ,pray] ,book provid$ = responses by ! p & includ$ ! ,litany1 to bo? ( :i* ! ,fr5* ,re=m$ ,*ur* object$1 9 accordance ) ! well-kn[n op9ions ( _! great lead] ,calv91 :o held1 z did also 8 disciple ,knox1 t 9 praise alone %\ld ! congregation audibly jo9 9 public wor%ip4 ,among ! ,engli% refugees 7 "s :o desir$ ! privilege ( respond+ 9 public wor%ip accord+ to ! ,engli% fa%ion1 & x 0 ! p]si/5ce 9 ?is matt] ( ,cox1 aft]w>ds ,bi%op ( ,ely1 & ( "s ( 8 co-patriots1 t l$ to ,knox's removal to ,g5eva1 & to ! publication !re ( ! ,book ( ,g5eva z an ord] = public wor%ip 9 ! ,engli% congregation to :i* he m9i/]$4 ,x is important t ?is %\ld be rememb]$1 = 9 speak+ ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] z ,knox's ,liturgy1 & ?us giv+ to x a "n by :i* x 0 nev] kn[n 9 ,knox's day1 an impression has prevail$1 & is /ill preval5t1 t ! book provid$ a =m ( wor%ip liturgical 9 "*1 ) a responsive s]vice1 :ile ! fact is t ,knox made no provision = ev5 s mu* z ! say+ ( ,am5 by ! p1 _! "p 9 pray] be+ ! sil5t foll[+ 9 _! he>ts ( ! petitions utt]$ by ! read] or ! prea*] = ! day4 ,! fir/ (ficial recognition ( ?is book 9 ,scotl& 0 9 #aefb1 :5 an ord] ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly requir$ t x %\ld be uni=mly us$ 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts1 solemnization ( m>riage & burial ( ! dead4 ,at ?is "t x 0 /ill 9 its ,g5evan =m1 & 0 call$ ,! ,=m ( ,pray]s & ,m9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts1 etc41 us$ 9 ! ,engli% congregation at ,g5eva2 & approv$ by ! fam\s & ,godly-le>n$ man1 ,m4 ,john ,calv94 ,two ye>s lat]1 9 #aefd1 a ,scotti% edition appe>$1 9 :i* 7 additional pray]s ) ! complete copy ( ! ,psalt]1 & 9 ?is ye> ! ,g5]al ,assembly orda9$ t3 ,e ,m9i/]1 ,exhort] & ,read] %all h "o ( ! ,psalm ,books lately pr9t$ 9 ,ed9bor\gh1 & use ! ord] conta9$ !re9 9 ,pray]s1 ,m>riage & ,m9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,?is book 0 call$ ,! ,=m ( ,pray]s & ,m9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts1 etc41 us$ 9 ! ,engli% ,*ur* at ,g5eva approv$ & receiv$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 :]eunto besides t 0 9 ! =m] books are also add$ sundry o!r ,pray]s ) ! :ole ,psalms ( ,david 9 ,engli% ,metre4 ,z ! ,psalms occupi$ by f> ! great] "p ( ! book x came to be commonly kn[n z ,! ,psalm ,book1 & z su*1 ) frequ5t additions1 among :i* 7 sev]al hymns & doxologies1 x cont9u$ to be ! recogniz$ ,book ( ,common ,ord] ( ! ,scotti% ,*ur* d[n to ! "t ( ! ,we/m9/] ,assembly4 ,x _c be claim$1 h[ev]1 t ?is book ev] secur$ a firm or la/+ hold ^u ! affections ( ! ,scotti% p 9 g5]al4 ,its au?ority 0 ecclesia/ical only1 inasmu* z ! ,e/ates ( ! ,realm nev] gave to x ! (ficial sanction :i* !y _h repeat$ly grant$ to ,k+ ,edw>d's ,pray] ,book4 ,"o reason = ?is evid5t want ( popul>ity may h be5 t1 except 9 its ,psalt] dep>tm5t & 9 "s ( its m9or p>ts1 x 0 a book = ! cl]gy only & n = ! p4 ,ev5 ! ,psalms 9 ^? days pass$ ?r\gh new editions s rapidly1 & 7 subject$ to su* s]i\s *anges1 t !y nev] obta9$ ! place 9 ! affections ( ! p t lat] v]sions h secur$1 & by #afde ,! ,book ( ,common ,ord] appe>s to h fall5 into su* comp>ative neglect t no /rong resi/ance 0 made to its abolition 9 favor ( ! ,directory ( ,wor%ip4 ,t x 0 held 9 e/eem by ! cl]gy1 al?\gh n s rev]$ z to be look$ ^u z incapable ( improvem5t1 appe>s f ! fact t 9 #afja a proposal 0 made to revise x1 toge!r ) ! confession ( fai?1 :i* _h be5 prep>$ by ,knox4 ,?is "w 0 committ$ to ,alex&] ,h5d]son1 ! r5[n$ m9i/] ( ,leu*>s & ! valiant lead] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& 9 h] resi/ance aga9/ ! tyranny ( ,*>les ! ,fir/ & 8 m9i/]1 ,laud4 ,! revision1 h[ev]1 0 nev] accompli%$1 ,h5d]son confess+1 accord+ to ! hi/orian1 ,baillie1 t he c\ld n take ^u him ei!r to det]m9e "s po9ts controv]t$1 or to set d[n o!r =ms ( pray] ?an we h 9 our ,psalm ,book1 p5n$ by our great & div9e re=m]4 ,a book :i* held = s long a "t its place ( au?ority 9 ! ,scotti% ,*ur*1 & :i* embodi$ dur+ s important a p]iod ! law ( ! ,*ur* conc]n+ wor%ip1 des]ves p>ticul> /udy at ! h&s ( ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is important subject1 b inasmu* z ! =m ( wor%ip alone is "u discussion1 x w be necess>y to ref] only to ^? p>ts ( x :i* be> on ?is phase ( ! ,*ur*'s practice4 ,be=e do+ s1 h[ev]1 x w be in/ructive to notice :at is too frequ5tly ov]look$1 t ! adoption ( ,knox's ,book ( ,common ,ord] by ! ,scotti% ,*ur* indicates ev5 9 t age a desire = =ms ( wor%ip less liturgical ?an ^? :i* 7 employ$ by o!r p>ts ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*4 ,x is to be rememb]$ t ^? p>i%es 9 :i* ! ,re=m$ religion prevail$ _h be5 accu/om$ to ! use ( ! ,engli% ,book ( ,common ,pray] ) responsive s]vices = ! p1 & ) pray]s f :i* ! m9i/] 0 n suppos$ to deviate4 ,?is ,book 0 set aside1 & 9 its place 0 adopt$ an ,ord] ( wor%ip 9 no "p ( :i* provision 0 made = responses1 & 9 all ( ^: pray]s ! m9i/] 0 n only all[$ fre$om1 b 0 enc\rag$ to ex]cise ! same4 ,su* action on ! "p ( m5 accu/om$ to make *anges only aft] c>eful delib]ation1 cle>ly indicates an intellig5t *oice ( a non-liturgical s]vice z oppos$ to "o ( ! opposite "*4 ,m ?an ?is1 ! ,scotti% ,book ( ,common ,ord] is m>k$ by an ev5 great] fre$om f prescrib$ =ms ?an is ,calv9's orig9al ,book ( ,g5eva f :i* ,knox copi$ s l>gely4 ,= :ile bo? ( !m agre$ 9 avoid+ a responsive s]vice1 ,knox seems to h be5 ev5 less ?an ,calv9 9 sympa?y ) prescrib$ =ms ( pray] f :i* no deviation 0 to be all[$4 ,!re is no?+ to indicate t ,knox w\ld h agre$ ) ! s5tim5t express$ 9 ,calv9's lett] to ! ,protector ,som]set1 9 :i* he says3 ,z to :at conc]ns a =m ( pray] & ecclesia/ical rites1 ,i highly approve ( x1 t !re be a c]ta9 =m f :i* ! m9i/]s be n all[$ to v>y4444 ,!re=e !re ought to be a /at$ =m ( pray] & adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,! =m ( ,*ur* pray]s1 z orig9ally prep>$ by ,calv9 9 keep+ ) 8 s5tim5ts above express$1 d n provide = any v>iation 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! s]vice4 ,! ,scotti% ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 h[ev]1 all[s1 9 its e "p1 = ! op]ation ( ! free ,_s ( ,god1 & = o!r pray]s to be (f]$ by ! m9i/] ?an ^? !re sugge/$4 ,at ?is p]iod ( its hi/ory1 !re=e1 we f9d ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& m pron\nc$ ?an any o!r section ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* 9 its desire = fre$om f prescrib$ =ms 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god4 ,inde$1 we are probably n 9 error 9 judg+ t 9 diff]5t circum/ances1 ) an educat$ m9i/ry 9 ! ,*ur* & ^? appo9t$ z lead]s ( wor%ip :o _h receiv$ tra9+ = t important "w1 ,knox w\ld h felt ev5 su* a book z t :i* he prep>$1 to be bo? unnecess>y & undesirable4 ,knox's ,book ( ,common ,ord]4 ,! ,book ( ,common ,ord] is be/ describ$ z a discretion>y liturgy4--,,sprott4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,knox's ,book ( ,common ,ord]4 ,! ,book ( ,common ,ord] makes no ref]5ce to ! read+ ( ,scripture z a "p ( public wor%ip1 nor does x1 aft] ! fa%ion ( _m simil> books1 conta9 a table ( ,scriptures to be read dur+ ! ye>4 ,?is omission h[ev]1 is am5d$ by an ord9ance f\nd 9 ! ,fir/ ,book ( ,discipl9e prep>$ by ,knox 9 #aefa1 & adopt$ by ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( t ye>1 by :i* x is decl>$ to be3 ,a ?+ mo/ exp$i5t & necess>y t e ,kirk h a ,bible 9 ,engli%1 & t ! p be comm&$ to conv5e & he> ! pla9 read+ & int]pretation ( ! ,scripture z ! ,kirk %all appo9t4 ,x 0 fur!r enjo9$ by ! same au?ority & at ! same "t t3 ,ea* ,book ( ! ,bible %\ld be begun & read ?r\gh 9 ord] to ! end1 & t !re %\ld be no skipp+ & divigation f place to place ( ,scripture1 be x 9 read+ or be x 9 prea*+4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t x 0 ! purpose ( ,knox t ! :ole ( ,holy ,scripture %\ld be publicly read = edification1 & t x %\ld be read z ,god's message to m5 & n z an ex]cise subord9ate to ! prea*+1 or int5d$ m]ely to ?r[ light ^u ! subject ( ! disc\rse4 ,9 connection ) ! read+ ( ,scripture & ( ! ,pray]s1 m5tion is made1 9 ?is same ,book ( ,discipl9e1 ( an ,ord] ( ,*ur* (fic]s :o fill$ an important place 9 ! ,*ur* ( t "t4 ,x 0 orda9$ t :]e no m9i/]s c\ld be _h pres5tly ! ,common ,pray]s & ,scriptures %\ld be read by ! mo/ suitable p]sons t c\ld be select$4 ,^! suitable p]sons came to be kn[n z ,read]s1 & !y =m a di/9ct class ( ecclesia/ical (fic]s 9 ! ,re=mation ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,! ne$ ( su* an ,ord] 0 evid5t1 = ! ,*ur* f\nd great difficulty 9 secur+ m5 ( ! requisite gifts & graces = ! (fice ( ! m9i/ry4 ,! ,read]s !re=e1 =m$ an important & num]\s ord] 9 ! ,*ur* = _m ye>s1 numb]+ at "o "t no less ?an sev5 hundr$1 :ile at ! same "t !re 0 less ?an half t numb] ( orda9$ m9i/]s4 ,^! m5 7 n all[$ to prea* or to adm9i/] ! sacram5ts1 & !y =m$ only a tempor>y ord] requir$ by ! exig5cies ( ! times1 z is evid5t f ! fact t ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( #aeha1 9 ! hope t all p>i%es w\ld soon be suppli$ ) orda9$ m9i/]s1 =bade any fur!r appo9tm5t ( ,read]s4 ,9 ! m9d ( ,knox1 ^! m5 7 ! successors to ! lectors ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 & correspond$ 9 ,scotl& to ! docteurs ( ! ,swiss ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 a ,*ur* ^: organization he reg>d$ z b little less ?an p]fect4 ,al?\gh !y conduct$ a "p ( ! s]vice 9 p>i%es :]e m9i/]s regul>ly prea*$1 yet 9 ! orig9al idea ( ! (fice ! int5tion 0 t !y %\ld conduct public wor%ip1 9 its dep>tm5ts ( pray] & praise & read+ ( ! ,scriptures1 only 9 p>i%es :]e a m9i/] c\ld n be secur$4 ,x is necess>y to und]/& _! (fice & _! position 9 ! ,*ur*1 inasmu* z ! exi/5ce ( su* an ord] has a be>+ ^u our appreciation ( ! =m ( public wor%ip at ?is "t adopt$ 9 ,scotl&4 ,9 ! ex]cise ( public pray] ! greate/ fre$om 0 grant$ ! m9i/] by ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]4 ,calv9 _h prescrib$ a =m ( confession1 ! uni=m use ( :i* he requir$1 b ! g5]al confession ) :i* ! s]vice ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] op5$1 0 gov]n$ by ?is rubric3 ,:5 ! congregation is assembl$ at ! h\r appo9t$1 ! ,m9i/] use? ?is confession1 or l 9 effect1 exhort+ ! p dilig5tly to exam9e !mselves1 foll[+ 9 _! he>ts ! t5or ( 8 words4 ,simil> lib]ty 0 also all[$ ! m9i/] 9 ! pray] :i* foll[$ ! s++ ( ! ,psalms & prec$$ ! s]mon2 ! rubric gov]n+ ?is direct$ t3 ,?is done1 ! p s+ a ,psalm all toge!r 9 a pla9 tune2 :i* end$1 ! ,m9i/] praye? = ! assi/ance ( ,god's ,holy ,_s z ! same %all move 8 he>t1 & s proce$e? to ! s]mon1 us+ aft] ! s]mon ?is pray] foll[+1 or su* l4 ,& f9ally1 z gov]n+ ! :ole ord] ( wor%ip1 x is add$3 ,x %all n be necess>y = ! ,m9i/] daily to repeat all ^! ?+s be=e m5tion$1 b1 beg9n+ ) "s mann] ( confession1 to proce$ to ! s]mon1 :i* end$ he ei!r use? ! pray] = all e/ates be=e m5tion$ or else praye? z ! ,_s ( ,god %all move 8 he>t1 fram+ ! same accord+ to ! "t & matt] :i* he ha? entreat$ (4 ,& if !re %all be at any "t any pres5t plague1 fam9e1 pe/il5ce1 w>1 or su* l1 :i* be evid5t tok5s ( ,god's wra?1 z x is our "p to ackn[l$ge our s9s to be ! occasion !re(1 s are we appo9t$ by ! ,scriptures to give ourselves to m\rn+1 fa/+ & pray] z ! means to turn away ,god's heavy displeasure4 ,!re=e x %all be conv5i5t t ! ,m9i/] at su* "t d n only admoni% ! p !re(1 b also use "s ,=m ( ,pray]1 accord+ z ! pres5t necessity require?1 to ! :i* he may appo9t1 by a common cons5t1 "s sev]al day aft] ! s]mon1 weekly to be obs]v$4 ,! lib]ty all[$ to ! m9i/] 9 ?is s important "p ( public wor%ip is evid5t1 & al?\gh _m pray]s are add$ z suitable = p>ticul> times & occasions1 & "s1 :i* are describ$ z ( common use "u c]ta9 circum/ances & by p>ticul> *ur*es1 yet none ( !m are prescrib$ z ! only pray]s prop] = any p>ticul> season or occasion4 ,ev5 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ! directions :i* accompany ! pray] :i* prec$es ! di/ribution ( ! bread & w9e all[s a simil> latitude to ! ,m9i/]4 ,!n he take? bread & give? ?anks1 ei!r 9 ^! words foll[+ or l 9 effect4 ,! /ud5t ( ! life ( ! great ,scotti% ,re=m] does n ne$ to be told t ! fram] ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] 0 n himself b\nd by any p>ticul> =m ( pray] 9 public wor%ip4 ,on ! occasion ( 8 memorable s]mon aft] ! dea? ( ! ,reg5t ,moray1 8 pray] at its close 0 ! passionate outbur/ ( a burd5$ s\l1 impossible to "o re/rict$ by prescrib$ =ms1 :ile 8 pray]1 :i* is /ill pres]v$1 on ! occasion ( a national ?anksgiv+1 is an illu/ration ( ! p]haps n excell5t way 9 :i*1 9 ?is ex]cise1 he 0 accu/om$ to comb9e devotion & practical politics2 a "p ( x ran ?us3 ,& see+ t no?+ is m odi\s 9 ,?y pres5ce1 ,o ,"l1 ?an is +ratitude & violation ( an oa? & cov5ant made 9 ,?y ,"n3 & see+ t ,?\ ha/ made our conf$]ates ( ,engl& ! in/rum5ts by :om we are n[ set at lib]ty1 to :om we 9 ,?y ,"n h promis$ mutual fai? aga92 let u nev] fall to t unk9dness1 ,o ,"l1 t ei!r we decl>e ourselves un?ankful unto !m1 or pr(an]s ( ,?y ,holy ,"n4 ,x is n surpris+ t "o :o all[$ himself su* lib]ty 9 public pray] %\ld lay no b9d+ =ms ^u 8 bre?r5 9 ! m9i/ry4 ,x rema9s only to be said1 ) reg>d to ! re/rictions ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 t s f> f provid+ any fix$ =m ( pray] = uni=m1 use1 ev5 ! ,"l's ,pray] 0 n impos$ 9 any "p ( public wor%ip4 ,x is add$1 toge!r ) ! ,cre$1 to ! =m ( pray] call$ ,a ,pray] = ! ,:ole ,e/ate ( ,*ri/'s ,*ur*1 b ?is pray] is gov]n$ by ! g5]al rubric already quot$1 :i* p]mits su* v>iation z ! m9i/]1 mov$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 %all deem desirable4 ,!re is no?+ to %[ t x 0 expect$ t ! ,"l's ,pray] %\ld be us$ z an inv>iable "p ( public wor%ip4 ,) ^! facts be=e u1 :atev] our judgm5t may be ( ! wisdom ( ,knox & ( ! ,*ur* ( 8 day 9 ! matt] ( a regulat$ s]vice1 we _c close our eyes to ! evid5t conclusion t ! ,re=m] 0 :olly oppos$ to ! bondage ( =m 9 pray]4 ,9 ?is "p ( public wor%ip he claim$ = himself1 & ex]cis$ "u ! guidance ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 ! greate/ fre$om2 & consi/5t ) ?is position he nev] s\ght to impose z a "p ( regul> public wor%ip1 ! repetition by ! m9i/] ( ev5 t =m ( pray] :i* ( all o!rs has = its use ,div9e au?ority4 ,to :atev] 9 wor%ip ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] may l5d its c\nt5ance1 x assur$ly gives no support to ! imposition ^u wor%ipp]s ( prescrib$ =ms ( pray]4 ,side by side ) t "p ( public wor%ip already consid]$ !re has always be5 associat$ ! ex]cise ( ,praise4 ,al?\gh ! ,scotti% ,*ur* con=m$ mo/ closely to ! ,*ur*es ( ,france & ,switz]l&1 yet x 0 impossible t x %\ld n1 to "s degree1 be influ5c$ by ! _s ( ! ,g]man ,re=mation4 ,?is influ5ce 0 especially m>k$ 9 t :i* 0 a special *>act]i/ic ( ! ,g]man ,*ur*1 a love = sacr$ song & a delight 9 ! same on ! "p ( ! p4 ,! ,book ( ,common ,ord] conta9$1 z has be5 m5tion$1 9 its e>ly editions1 ! complete ,psalt]1 & to ?is 7 add$1 subsequ5tly1 a few ,scripture ,hymns1 toge!r ) ! ,doxology ,gloria ,patri 9 diff]5t metres1 s t x c\ld be sung at ! end ( e ,psalm4 ,?is ,doxology appe>s 9 ,h>t's edition ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] ( #afaa1 9 six diff]5t metres1 "u ! g5]al head ( ,conclusions1 & 0 evid5tly us$ regul>ly at ! close ( ! ,psalms sung 9 public wor%ip4 ,x 0 n until ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury t !re began to arise criticisms ( ! cu/om ( s++ ! ,doxology1 & x w\ld1 !re=e1 appe> t dur+ ! =mative p]iod ( ! ,scotti% ,*ur*1 :i* we are consid]+1 x 0 regul>ly us$1 & occasion$ no objection & ar\s$ no opposition4 ,! ,hymns :i* 7 pr9t$ ) ! ,psalt] 7 few 9 numb]1 & 7 *iefly free p>aphrases ( sections ( ,scripture4 ,!y are ,! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ,! ,"l's ,pray]1 ,v5i ,creator1 ,! ,song ( ,simeon call$ ,nunc ,dimittis1 ,! ,twelve ,articles ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?1 & ,! ,song ( ,bless$ ,m>ie call$ ,magnificat4 ,! purpose ( ! ,hymns appe>s to h be5 ! memoriz+ ( ,scripture & important doctr9al tru?s1 & !re is no evid5ce t !y 7 employ$ 9 public wor%ip1 al?\gh a place 0 n d5i$ !m 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]2 9 ! ,ord] = ,public ,wor%ip m5tion is made ( ,psalms only1 & 9 all ! acc\nts1 :i* h come d[n to u 9 correspond5ce or hi/ory1 ( ! public s]vices ( t "t1 ! p are inv>iably spok5 ( z jo9+ 9 a ,psalm1 :ile ev5 9 ! public processions1 :i* 7 common on occasions ( national rejoic+ or ?anksgiv+1 ,psalms only are m5tion$ z be+ sung by ! p4 ,! s++ 0 usually l$ by ! ,read]1 b !re is occasional m5tion 9 ! records ( ! "t ( ! ,uptak] ( ! ,psalms1 :o evid5tly p]=m$ ! duties ( a ,prec5tor4 ,! ,sacram5ts4--,9 ! ,confession ( ,fai?1 :i* =ms ! fir/ "p ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 x is cle>ly /at$ t !re are two ,sacram5ts only 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & t ^! are ,baptism & ,! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,no subject 9 connection ) ! practice ( ! ,*ur* creat$ m discussion 9 ,re=mation times ?an ! me?ods :i* 7 to be foll[$ 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,! _s ( ! ,scotti% re=m]s is indicat$ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 :i* gov]n$ ?is matt]3 ,nei!r mu/ we 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ^! ,sacram5ts foll[ man's fancy1 b z ,*ri/ himself ha? orda9$ s mu/ !y be m9i/]$1 & by su* z by ord9>y vocation are !reunto call$4 ,9 accordance ) ?is g5]al regulation ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] prescribes 9 detail ,! ,mann] ( ! ,adm9i/ration ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,! words ( ! op5+ rubric are z foll[s3 ,! day :5 ! ,"l's ,supp] is m9i/]$1 :i* is commonly us$ once a mon?1 or s (t z ! ,congregation %all ?9k exp$i5t1 ! ,m9i/] use? to say z foll[s3 ,"h foll[ ! words ( in/itution ( ! ,supp] f ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 aft] :i* is add$ an exhortation 9 :i* flagrant s9n]s are w>n$ n to draw ne> to ! holy table1 & timid sa9ts are enc\rag$ 9 wise & helpful words to approa* ) rep5tance & fai?4 ,?is is ! address :i* 9 lat] times came to be kn[n z ,f5c+ ! ,table4 ,!re are no words to indicate t any v>iation f ! prescrib$ address 0 enc\rag$4 ,! address be+ f9i%$ ,! ,m9i/] comes d[n f ! ,pulpit & sitte? at ! ,table1 e man & woman 9 likewise tak+ _! place z occasion be/ s]ve?3 ,!n he take? ,bread & give? ?anks ei!r 9 ^! words foll[+ or l 9 effect4 ,?is pray] is :olly "o ( praise & ?anksgiv+1 !re be+ an evid5t purpose 9 ! omission ( any invocation ( ! ,holy ,_s & ( words t might be reg>d$ z a consecration ( ! bread & w9e1 & 9 ! /rict adh]5ce to ! example ( our ,"l1 ,:o1 :5 ,he _h giv5 ?anks1 took bread4 ,! mann] ( commun+ is !n describ$3 ,?is done1 ! ,m9i/] breake? ! bread & deliv]e? x to ! p1 to di/ribute & divide ! same among !mselves1 accord+ to our ,savi\r ,*ri/'s comm&m5t1 & likewise give? ! cup3 ,dur+ ! :i* "t "s place ( ! ,scriptures is read :i* do? lively set =? ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 to ! int5t t our eyes & s5ses may n only be occupi$ 9 ^! outw>d signs ( bread & w9e1 :i* are call$ ! visible ^w1 b t our he>ts & m9ds also may be fully fix$ 9 ! contemplation ( ! ,"l's dea?1 :i* is by ?is ,holy ,sacram5t repres5t$4 ,& aft] ?is action is done he give? ?anks1 say+3 ,! pray] ( ?anksgiv+ :i* foll[s is ! only "o 9 connection ) ?is s]vice = :i* no alt]native 0 all[$ ! m9i/]4 ,an appropriate ,psalm ( ?anksgiv+ foll[$ ! pray]1 ! ,bless+ 0 invok$ & ! congregation disp]s$4 ,! ,communion1 z is evid5t f ! rubric quot$ above1 0 receiv$ :ile ! congregation 0 seat$1 & ?is practice ! ,presbyt]ians adh]$ to & def5d$ z aga9/ ! ,episcopal practice ( kneel+ at ?is s]vice1 reg>d+ ! latt] attitude z liable to be int]pret$ z a r5d]+ to ! ,sacram5t ( homage & adoration :i* %\ld be res]v$ = ,god alone4 ,! s]vice1 x is evid5t1 0 m>k$ by simplicity & by 9 almo/ total abs5ce ( prescrib$ =m4 ,9 a note to ! read]1 ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] expla9s t ! object ?r\gh\t is to set =? simply & effectively ^? signs :i* ,*ri/ ha? orda9$ to our spiritual use & com=t4 ,h[ (t5 ?is ,sacram5t 0 to be obs]v$ 0 left to ! judgm5t ( individual congregations1 b frequ5t celebration 0 recomm5d$4 ,calv9 ?\ght x prop] t ! ,"l's ,supp] %\ld be celebrat$ mon?ly1 b f9d+ ! p oppos$ to su* frequ5t celebration he consid]$ x unwise to insi/ ^u 8 own views4 ,) 8 op9ions on ?is matt]1 ^? ( ,knox 7 q 9 h>mony4 ,! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism 0 likewise *>act]iz$ 9 its adm9i/ration by simil> simplicity1 & yet x is evid5t t1 9 ?is m ?an 9 any o!r "p ( public wor%ip1 ! m9i/] 0 re/rict$ to ! =ms provid$ bo? 9 pray] & 9 address4 ,! rubrics :i* gov]n ! two pray]s ( ! s]vice & ! address to ! p>5ts1 make no m5tion ( alt]nate or simil> =ms be+ p]mitt$4 ,9 ?is ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] diff]s f ! ,book ( ,g5eva1 :i* all[$ ! m9i/] lib]ty 9 ^! p>ts ( ! s]vice4 ,!re w\ld seem1 !re=e1 to be an evid5t int5tion on ! "p ( ! ,scotti% re=m]s 9 ?us dep>t+ f _! cu/om 9 o!r p>ts ( wor%ip4 ,x may be t inasmu* z ,baptism is ! ,sacram5t ( admission into ! ,*ur*1 x 0 deem$ advisable t = ! in/ruction ( ^? seek+ memb]%ip !re91 ei!r = !mselves or = _! *ildr51 ! =m ( s\nd doctr9e set =? at su* a "t %\ld n be v>i$ ev5 9 ! mann] ( /atem5t4 ,! ,sacram5t 0 adm9i/]$ 9 ! ,*ur* on ! day appo9t$ to ,common ,pray] & prea*+1 in/ruction be+ giv5 t ! *ild %\ld !re be accompani$ by ! fa!r & godfa!r2 ,knox himself _h1 z godfa!r to "o ( 8 sons1 ,:itt+ham1 :o _h be5 8 *ief assi/ant 9 compil+ ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 & :o _h also be5 8 help] & fell[-work] at ,g5eva4 ,! op9ion ( ! ,swiss re=m]s1 z well z t ( _! ,scot* foll[]s1 0 9 favor ( ! pres5ce ( sponsors 9 addition to ! p>5ts at ! baptism ( *ildr54 ,! p>5t hav+ pr(ess$ 8 desire to h 8 *ild baptiz$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 0 address$ by ! m9i/]1 & call$ ^u to pr(ess 8 own fai? & 8 purpose to in/ruct 8 *ild 9 ! same4 ,hav+ repeat$ ! ,cre$1 ! m9i/] proce$$ to exp\nd ! same z sett+ =? ! sum ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 a prescrib$ pray] foll[$1 ! *ild 0 baptiz$1 & ! pray] ( ?anksgiv+1 also prescrib$1 clos$ ! s]vice4 ,! ,book ( ,common ,ord] requir$ t m>riages %\ld be celebrat$ 9 ! ,*ur* & on ! ,"l's ,day3 ,! p>ties assemble at ! beg9n+ ( ! s]mon & ! ,m9i/] at "t conv5i5t sai? z foll[e?3 ,9 ! =ms ( exhortation & admonition to ! contract+ p>ties no lib]ty to v>y ! address is all[$ ! m9i/]1 b 9 ! "o pray] :i* =m$ a "p ( ! s]vice1 viz41 ! bless+ at ! close ( ! c]emony x is ord]$3 ,! ,m9i/] comm5de? !m to ,god 9 ?is or su* l sort4 ,! s]vice end$ ) ! s++ ( an appropriate ,psalm4 ,9 ! s]vice = burial ( ! dead x 0 ord]$ by ! ,fir/ ,book ( ,discipl9e t nei!r s++1 pray]1 nor prea*+ %\ld be engag$ 91 & ?is on acc\nt ( prevail+ sup]/ition4 ,9 ?is matt]1 h[ev]1 p]mission 0 grant$ to congregations to use _! discretion2 ,knox1 we "k1 prea*$ a s]mon aft] ! burial ( ! ,reg5t ,moray1 & ! directions 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] cle>ly leave mu* to be det]m9$ by ! circum/ances ( ! case3 ,! corpse is rev]5tly br\ght to ! grave accompani$ ) ! ,congregation )\t any fur!r c]emonies3 :i* be+ buri$1 ! ,m9i/]1 if he be pres5t & requir$1 goe? to ! ,*ur*1 if x be n f> (f1 & make? "s com=table exhortation to ! p t\*+ dea? & resurrection2 !n blesse? ! p & s dismisse? !m4 ,?is is b "o ( _m in/ances t %[ t ! e>ly re=m]s accord$ to ! ,*ur*1 9 matt]s n absolutely ess5tial to ! pres]vation ( s\nd doctr9e & ,scriptural practice1 ! greate/ lib]ty4 ,) reg>d to ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts & ! public wor%ip ( ,god1 !y laid d[n well-def9$ regulations & outl9es to :i* con=mity 0 requir$2 9 matt]s t might be look$ ^u z simply edify+ & pr(itable1 lib]ty 0 all[$ to m9i/]s & congregations to det]m9e accord+ to _! discretion1 z ,knox himself decl>$ ) respect to ex]cises ( wor%ip at burials3 ,we are n s precise b t we are cont5t t p>ticul> ,kirks use !m 9 t behalf1 ) ! cons5t ( ! m9i/ry ( ! same z !y w answ] to ,god & ,assembly ( ! ,univ]sal ,kirk ga!r$ )9 ! realm4 ,we h ?us pres5t$ 9 brief outl9e ! cont5ts ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 commonly us$ 9 ,scotl& f #aefb to #afde1 9 s f> z its regulations ref] to public wor%ip & ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,! book is itself s simple & cle> 9 its /atem5ts t x is n difficult to discov] ! _s ( its compil]s1 & _! und]/&+ ( :at 0 requir$ = ! seemly & ,scriptural obs]vance ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ,div9e wor%ip4 ,! results ( our survey may be summ$ up 9 a few words4 ,! ,scotti% ,*ur* gave a prom95t place to pray]1 to ! read+ ( ,holy ,scripture1 & to praise1 9 ! public wor%ip ( ,god on ! ,"l's ,day4 ,n 9 any s5se d ^! ex]cises seem to h be5 reg>d$ z subord9ate 9 importance to ! prea*+ ( ! ,^w2 ! congregations assembl$ = ,div9e wor%ip1 ( :i* prea*+ 0 "o important "p4 ,b ev5 :]e !re 0 no prea*+1 ! p nev]!less came toge!r = ,div9e wor%ip1 9 :i* !y 7 l$1 9 ! abs5ce ( any m9i/]1 by p]sons duly appo9t$ = t purpose4 ,! s]vice 9 public wor%ip 0 n 9 any ( its dep>tm5ts a responsive "o4 ,! only audible "p %>$ by ! p 0 9 ! praise2 !y did n respond 9 pray] ev5 to ! ext5t ( utt]+ an audible ,am51 nor did !y jo9 audibly 9 any g5]al confession1 9 a decl>ation ( fai? z conta9$ 9 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ or 9 any o!r =mul>y1 nor did !y ev5 repeat ) ! m9i/] ! ,"l's ,pray] :5 t model ( pray] giv5 by ,*ri/ to ,8 disciples 0 us$ 9 public wor%ip4 ,lib]ty "u ! guidance ( ! ,holy ,_s m>k$ ! m9i/]'s use ( ! =ms provid$1 & ! privilege ( extempore pray] 0 sacr$ly gu>d$1 ! example ( ,knox1 z well z 8 precept1 enc\rag+ 8 bre?r5 9 ! m9i/ry to cultivate free & unre/rict$ pray] to ,god4 ,9 ?is matt] ! ,*ur* decl>$ h] belief 9 ! ,holy ,gho/ & 9 ,8 pres5ce ) h]1 believ+ t ^? :o 7 div9ely call$ to ! "w ( ! m9i/ry 7 by ! ,_s ( ,god duly equipp$ = ! p]=mance ( ! important duties ( t (fice4 ,al?\gh =ms ( pray] 7 provid$1 ^! appe> to h be5 int5d$ ma9ly = ! use ( ! ,read]s1 :o 7 n duly orda9$ to ! m9i/]ial (fice1 & = ! guidance ( m9i/]s1 b ,,9 ,,no ,,"p ,,( ,,public ,,wor%ip ,,ap>t ,,f ,,! ,,sacram5ts ,,0 ,,! ,,m9i/] ,,conf9$ ,,to ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,prescrib$ ,,=ms4 ,ev5 ! ,read]s enjoy$ a degree ( lib]ty 9 ?is matt]1 a lib]ty :i* !y ex]cis$1 z is evid5t f an ,ord] ( ,assembly pass$ 9 ! reign ( ,james =bidd+ ,read]s to (f] extempor>y pray]s1 b requir+ !m to use ! =ms prescrib$4 ,la/ly1 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts honor 0 put ^u !m by ! c>e t 0 obs]v$ 9 _! public1 rev]5t & frequ5t obs]vance4 ,simplicity m>k$ all ! s]vice connect$ ) ^! holy ord9ances1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 :atev] might appe> to unduly exalt !m to an unscriptural position 9 ! ?\ghts ( m51 0 c>efully avoid$1 z well 9 ! pray]s & exhortations us$ z 9 ! mann] ( adm9i/ration4 ,! ,sacram5ts 7 reg>d$ z helps to ! spiritual life ( ,god's elect1 z m$ic9e = ! spiritually sick1 & 7 nev] repres5t$ z holy my/]ies into :i* only c]ta9 ( ,god's *ildr5 %\ld p5etrate4 ,if ^! conclusions are j1 x is v evid5t t ^? :o to-day advocate ! introduction into ,presbyt]ian wor%ip ( responses & prescrib$ =ms c f9d no support = su* a practice1 h[ev] !y might limit x1 9 ,knox's ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 or 9 ! practice ( our ,scotti% ance/ors 9 ?is s virile & vigor\s p]iod ( ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory4 ,j z little support1 too1 c ^? f9d :o w\ld impose ^u ! m9i/ry ( ! ,*ur* ! use ( set =ms f :i* no deviation is to be all[$ ei!r 9 ! conduct ( public wor%ip or 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,! mo/ t c be argu$ f ?is anci5t regulation ( wor%ip1 :i* is mu* m accurately describ$ z a ,directory r ?an z a ,liturgy1 is ! desirability ( a uni=m ord] ( s]vice = ! :ole ,*ur*1 ( a due proportion ( att5tion to ea* "p ( wor%ip1 & ( ! con=mity by all m9i/]s to a uni=m me?od 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,! ,book ( ,common ,ord] cle>ly indicates ! conviction ( ! ,scotti% re=m]s t all ?+s 9 connection ) ! wor%ip ( ,god %\ld be done 9 seemly =m & accord+ to ord]1 & x q z cle>ly indicates _! purpose to ackn[l$ge & rely ^u ! op]ation ( ! free ,_s ( ,god1 9 ! ex]cise ( t wor%ip & 9 ! p]=mance ( ! public ord9ances 9 ! sanctu>y4 ,a ,diet ( ,public ,wor%ip 9 ! ,"t ( ,knox4 ,:at ,i h be5 to my c\ntry1 albeit ?is un?ankful age w n "k1 yet ! ages to come w be compell$ to be> witness to ! tru?4--,,john ,,knox4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,a ,diet ( ,public ,wor%ip 9 ! ,"t ( ,knox4 ,a diet ( wor%ip on a ,sabba? day 9 ,scotl& 9 ! days ( ,knox1 or 9 ! p]iod imm$iately succe$+ 8 dea?1 _h = ! p ( t "t a pr(\nd int]e/4 ,x 0 a p]iod ( /orm & upheaval1 & ! ,*ur*1 ) its wor%ip & tea*+1 0 ! c5tre ar\nd :i*1 9 l>ge measure1 ! /ruggles ( ! age ga!r$2 & al?\gh = u ^! /ruggles are simple hi/ory1 & ! subjects ( debate are1 _m ( !m1 =ev] laid aside1 /ill x is ( int]e/ to le>n h[ a s]vice 9 connection ) ! public wor%ip ( ! day proce$$ 9 ?is =mative p]iod ( ,presbyt]ian practice1 :5 ord] & me?od 7 less matt]s ( indiff]5ce ?an !y are n[4 ,happily we are n left )\t abundant mat]ial = =m+ an accurate picture ( a ,sabba?-day s]vice at t "t1 = 9 addition to ! explicit directions conta9$ 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 !re h come d[n to u descriptions ( public wor%ip by p>ticipants !re94 ,z e>ly z sev5 o'clock a bell 0 rung to w>n ! p ( ! approa* ( ! h\r ( wor%ip1 & ?is 0 foll[$ an h\r lat] by ano!r bell1 :i* summon$ ! congregation to ! place ( pray]4 ,x 0 a congregation ( all classes1 = 9 ,scotl& ! ,re=m$ doctr9e made its way among ! great & ! l[ly alike4 ,writ+ 9 #afda1 a refutation ( ! *>ge made 9 ,engl& aga9/ ! ,scot* t !y _h no c]ta9 rule or direction = _! public wor%ip1 b t e man1 foll[+ 8 extempor>y fancy1 did prea* or pray :at seem$ good 9 8 own eyes1 ,alex&] ,h5d]son ?us describes 9 8 reply ! congregation 9 a ,scot* ,*ur*3 ,:5 s _m ( all sorts1 m5 & wom51 ma/]s & s]vants1 "y & old1 z %all meet toge!r1 are assembl$1 ! public wor%ip beg9ne?4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,presbyt]ianism ! ri* & ! poor met toge!r1 realiz+ t ! ,"l 0 ! ,mak] ( !m bo?4 ,! congregation assembl$ 9 a ,*ur* build+ t 0 pla9 9 its int]ior1 ! pla9ness be+ emphasiz$1 & at times r5d]$ unsightly1 by reason ( ! removal ( ! /atues & pictures :i* 9 pre-,re=mation times _h decorat$ ! walls & pill>s4 ,! build+ 01 h[ev]1 z requir$ by ! ,book ( ,discipl9e1 r5d]$ com=table & suitable = purposes ( wor%ip4 ,x 0 ord]$1 le/ t ! ,^w ( ,god & m9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts by unseeml9ess ( ! place come into contempt1 !re %\ld be made su* prep>ation )9 z app]ta9e? z well to ! maje/y ( ! ,^w ( ,god z unto ! ease & commodity ( ! p4 ,su* wise words indicate on ! "p ( our ,scotti% ance/ors an appreciation 9 _! day ( :at is all too (t5 ev5 9 ^! happi] & m enlight5$ times1 =gott5--! importance ( hav+ a ,*ur* build+ 9 keep+ ) ! greatness ( ! cause to :i* x has be5 d$icat$1 & at ! same "t suitable & conv5i5t = ! purposes ( public wor%ip4 ,! n>r[ness :i* w\ld =bid beauty & arti/ic decoration & ! pride :i* w\ld sacrifice com=t & conv5i5ce = ! sake ( appe>ance1 7 bo? avoid$4 ,at "o end ( ! build+ /ood a pulpit1 beside x1 or )9 x1 a bas9 or font = use 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism1 & 9 ! "p :]e =m]ly ! alt> _h /ood1 tables 7 plac$ = use 9 ! obs]vance ( ! ,"l's ,supp]2 at ! end ( ! ,*ur* opposite to ! pulpit 0 plac$ a /ool ( rep5tance1 an article frequ5tly 9 use 9 an age :5 ,*ur* discipl9e 0 vigor\sly adm9i/]$4 ,pews 7 z yet unkn[n2 "s *ur*es _h p]man5t desks or b5*es1 to be occupi$ by m5 hold+ public positions1 or by prom95t memb]s ( influ5tial guilds1 ! re/ ( ! p /ood ?r\gh\t ! s]vice1 or sat ^u /ools :i* !y br\ght ) !m to ! ,*ur*4 ,! memb]s ( ! congregation on ent]+ ! ,*ur* 7 expect$ to engage rev]5tly 9 sil5t pray]1 & at ! h\r appo9t$1 ! ,read] f 8 desk call$ ^u all pres5t to jo9 9 ! ,public ,wor%ip ( ,god2 he !n proce$$ to read ! ,pray] prescrib$ 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 or1 if he s desir$1 to (f] "o simil> !reto 9 int5t2 9 ei!r case ! pray] 0 a g5]al confession1 & 0 foll[$ by a ,psalm or ,psalms ann\nc$ by ! ,read] & sung by ! :ole congregation & end+ ) ! ,gloria ,patri4 ,next came ! read+ ( ! ,scriptures f ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 ! read+ be+ cont9u\s ?r\gh :atev] books _h be5 select$4 ,?is end$ t "p ( public wor%ip :i* 0 conduct$ by ! ,read]1 & occupi$ 9 all ab\t "o h\r4 ,on ! second r++ ( ! bell1 ! m9i/] ent]$ ! pulpit1 knelt 9 sil5t devotion1 & !n l$ ! p 9 pray] z ! ,_s mov$ 8 he>t2 ?is f9i%$1 he proce$$ to ! s]mon1 to :i* ! p li/5$ ei!r /&+ or sitt+1 z opportunity af=d$1 ) _! heads cov]$1 & occasionally1 if mov$ !reto1 giv+ v5t to _! feel+s by expressions ( applause or disapproval4 ,aft] ! s]mon ! m9i/] l$ ! congregation 9 pray] = bless+ ^u ! ,^w prea*$ & = ! g5]al e/ate ( ,*ri/'s ,*ur*3 if ! ,"l's ,pray] & ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ 7 employ$ 9 ! s]vice 7b ?is 0 optional ) ! m9i/]7 !y 7 repeat$ by ! m9i/] alone at ! close ( ?is pray]1 & embodi$ 9 x2 a ,psalm 0 sung by ! congregation & ! ,b5$iction 0 pron\nc$1 or r1 ! ,bless+ 0 invok$1 = ! petitions 7 fram$ z supplications3 ,! grace ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! love ( ,god & ! communion ( ! ,holy ,gho/ be ) u all3 ,s be x4 ,su* 0 ! c\rse ( an ord9>y diet ( wor%ip4 ,if a m>riage 0 to be celebrat$ ! p>ties pres5t$ !mselves 9 ,*ur* be=e ! s]mon2 ! c]emony hav+ be5 p]=m$1 ! p>ties rema9$1 accord+ to regulation1 until ! close ( ! public wor%ip4 ,if ! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism 0 to be adm9i/]$ ! infant 0 pres5t$ = ! ord9ance at ! close ( ! s]mon by ! fa!r1 :o 0 att5d$ by "o or m sponsors4 ,:5 ! ,"l's ,supp] 0 obs]v$ 7:i* 9 "s congregations 0 mon?ly7 ! tables 7 spread 9 t "p ( ! ,*ur* :i* _h =m]ly be5 ! *ancel1 & z _m communicants z c\ld conv5i5tly d s sat d[n toge!r ) ! m9i/]4 ,^!1 :5 ! tables _h be5 s]v$1 gave place to o!rs4 ,! s]vices ?r\gh\t 7 m>k$ by simplicity1 rev]5ce & fre$om f /rict & unb5d+ =ms2 lib]ty *>act]iz$ _! e "p1 & room 0 left = ! ex]cise ( ! guid+ ,_s ( ,god1 9 a measure n enjoy$ by ,*ur*es ti$ to ! use ( a prescrib$ wor%ip2 at ! same "t !re 0 a recogniz$ ord] & a rev]5t devotion 9 all p>ts ( ! wor%ip :i* _m non-liturgical ,*ur*es ( ?is day may well covet4 ,x 0 a s]vice simple yet impressive1 volunt>y yet ord]ly1 regulat$ & yet untrammel$4 ,! ,p]iod ( ,controv]sy1 #afad-afde4 ,!y 7 spl9t]$ & torn1 b no p[] c\ld b5d or melt !m4 ,!y dwelt1 z pi\s m5 are apt to dwell1 9 suff]+ & sorr[ on ! all-dispos+ p[] ( ,provid5ce4 ,_! burd5 grew light] z !y consid]$ t ,god _h s det]m9$ t !y %\ld be> x4--,,fr\de4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,p]iod ( ,controv]sy1 #afad-afde4 ,! ye>s f #afjc1 ! date ( ,james ! ,six?'s asc5t to ! unit$ ?rones ( ,engl& & ,scotl&1 until #afde ! ye> ( ! ,we/m9/] ,assembly1 cov] "o ( ! mo/ excit+ & int]e/+ p]iods 9 ,scotti% hi/ory4 ,especially is ?is p]iod ( int]e/ to ! /ud5t ( ,scotti% ,*ur* hi/ory1 because ( ! influ5ces bo? direct & indirect :i* ! /ruggles ( t "t _h ^u ! developm5t ( ! "* & practice ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,! ,book ( ,common ,ord] _h receiv$ ! au?ority ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly sitt+ 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #aefd1 & = ne>ly fifty ye>s f t date x 0 ! un*all5g$ directory = wor%ip & usage 9 ! ,scotti% ,*ur*4 ,its use1 ?\gh n univ]sal1 0 g5]al1 & x 0 uni=mly ref]r$ to1 z well 9 civil z 9 ecclesia/ical c\rts1 z compris+ = ! ,*ur* ! law respect+ public wor%ip4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( any desire to modify or am5d ?is book occurs 9 #afja1 9 ! records ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 :5 a motion 0 made respect+ an improv$ v]sion ( ! ,bible1 a revision ( ! ,psalt] & an am5dm5t ( sundry pray]s 9 ! ,psalm-,book :i* %\ld be alt]$ 9 respect !y are n conv5i5t = ! "t4 ,! ,assembly1 h[ev]1 decl9$ to am5d ! pray]s already 9 ! ,book1 or to delete any ( !m1 b orda9$ t3 ,if any bro!r w\ld h any pray]s add$1 :i* are meet = ! "t4444 ! same fir/ to be tri$ & all[$ by ! ,assembly4 ,! motion ?us propos$1 & ! action ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly reg>d+ x1 is ( int]e/ 9 t x seems pla9ly to indicate t :atev] desire !re 0 = *ange1 ?is desire 0 n ! result ( a movem5t 9 favor ( a full] liturgical s]vice1 nor on ! o!r h&1 ( "o :i* _h = its object ! entire removal ( ! =m ( wor%ip at t "t 9 use4 ,to ?is =m1 commonly employ$1 no objection 0 (f]$1 b ow+ to *ang+ times & circum/ances1 x 0 reg>d$ z desirable t ! matt] conta9$ 9 ! sugge/$ =ms ( pray] %\ld be s modifi$ z to make !m m applicable to ! conditions ( ! age4 ,james ! ,six? ( ,scotl& asc5d$ ! ?rone ( ! unit$ k+doms 9 #afjc1 & _m ( 8 ,presbyt]ian subjects *]i%$ ! hope t 8 influ5ce w\ld be ex]t$ to con=m ! practice & wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& to t ( o!r ,re=m$ ,*ur*es4 ,9 ?is hope !y 7 de/9$ to sev]e disappo9tm5t1 z x v soon became evid5t t ! aim ( ! royal !ologian 0 to r$uce to ! =ms & me?ods ( ,episcopacy1 ^? ( all ! ,*ur*es )9 8 realm4 ,9 consid]+ ! subject ( ,presbyt]ian wor%ip x w n be necess>y to ent] fully into ! hi/ory ( ! civil /ruggle betwe5 ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& & ! ,/u>t ,k+s except 9 ^? phases ( x :i* affect$ ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur*2 z ^!1 h[ev]1 are s closely int]wov5 ) que/ions ( gov]nm5t x w be impossible always to avoid ref]5ce to ! latt] or to keep ! two absolutely di/9ct4 ,9 #afjf x 0 decid$ by ! ,scotti% ,p>liam5t t ! ,k+ 0 absolute1 ,pr9ce1 ,judge & ,gov]nor ov] all p]sons1 e/ates1 & causes1 bo? spiritual & temporal1 )9 ! realm4 ,f\r ye>s lat] ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 compos$ ( commission]s nam$ by ! ,k+1 met at ,glasg[ & issu$ a decree to ! effect t ! "r ( call+ ,g5]al ,assemblies ( ! ,*ur* belong$ to ! ,cr[n4 ,?is1 among o!r acts ( ?is ,assembly1 0 ratifi$ by ! ,p>liam5t ( #afab1 & ,james1 hav+ ?us secur$ ! position 9 ! ,*ur* :i* he covet$1 proce$$ 9 8 endeavors to m\ld x1 z well 9 its wor%ip z 9 its gov]nm5t & doctr9e1 to 8 own views4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& 0 n all[$ to rema9 long 9 ignorance ( ! ,k+'s purpose4 ,e>ly 9 #afad a royal ord] 0 s5t to ! nor!rn k+dom requir+ all m9i/]s to celebrate ,holy ,communion on ,ea/] ,day1 ! #bd? ( ,april1 & ?is 0 foll[$ 9 #afaf by a proposal f ! ,k+ to ! ,g5]al ,assembly t a liturgy & =m ( div9e s]vice %\ld be prep>$ = ! use ( ! ,scotti% ,*ur*4 ,! ,assembly 7=m$ z indicat$ above7 ) ready acquiesc5ce he>tily ?ank$ ,8 ,maje/y = 8 royal c>e ( ! ,*ur* & orda9$3 ,t a uni=m ord] ( ,liturgy or div9e s]vice be set d[n to be read 9 all ,kirks on ! ord9>y days ( pray] & e ,sabba? day be=e ! s]mon1 to ! end ! common p may be acqua9t$ !re)1 & by cu/om may le>n to s]ve ,god rightly4 ,& to ?is int5t ! ,assembly has appo9t$ 444 to revise ! ,book ( ,common ,pray] conta9$ 9 ! ,psalm ,book1 & to set d[n a common =m ( ord9>y s]vice to be us$ 9 all times h]eaft]4 ,! "w ?us au?oriz$ ( revis+ ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] 0 at once und]tak5 by ^? appo9t$ !reto1 b al?\gh a draft 0 made & mu* labor 0 exp5d$ ^u x dur+ a t]m ( sev]al ye>s1 ! book 9 its revis$ =m 0 nev] introduc$ into ! ,scotti% ,*ur*4 ,by ! "t x _h receiv$ its f9al revision at ! h&s ( ! ,k+ & 8 ,scot* advisors 9 ,london1 su* ev5ts _h transpir$1 & su* a _s ( opposition _h be5 ar\s$ 9 ,scotl& by o!r measures1 t x 0 deem$ wise to )hold x1 & ! dea? ( ,james occurr+ 9 #afbe1 :ile x 0 /ill unpubli%$1 ! book 9 its revis$ =m 0 reta9$ by ,spottiswoode1 ,bi%op ( ,/4 ,&rew's1 & appe>s to h be5 =gott5 = ye>s1 ev5 by its mo/ active promot]s4 ,f correspond5ce 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,fir/1 h[ev]1 x appe>s t ,james _h n rel9qui%$ 8 aim ( impos+ ! new book ^u ! ,scotti% ,*ur*1 & x is probable t 8 dea? alone prev5t$ ! attempt be+ made to c>ry out 8 *]i%$ purpose4 ,mu* ( ! volum9\s correspond5ce1 :i* at ?is "t pass$ betwe5 ,james & ! lead]s ( ! ,scotti% ,*ur*1 is /ill extant & x s]ves to indicate "s ( ! anticipat$ *anges 9 ! =ms ( wor%ip4 ,9 ! regul> wor%ip appo9t$ = ! ,"l's ,day !re 0 to be introduc$ a liturgy :i* 0 to be us$ be=e ! s]mon2 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts 7 to be read1 & aft] ea* ( !m ! p 7 to be in/ruct$ to respond1 or1 z ! rubric direct$3 ,aft] e ,comm&m5t !y ask m]cy ( ,god = _! transgression ( ! same 9 ?is mann]1--,"l h m]cy ^u u & incl9e our he>ts to keep ?is law4 ,!re 0 also an evid5t purpose to leave less to ! discretion ( ! m9i/]1 & to re/rict him m closely to ! use ( provid$ =ms 9 pray]1 z well z to regulate m p>ticul>ly ! read+ ( ! ,scriptures4 ,a table ( ,scripture lessons 0 to be prep>$ %[+ ! passages prop] to be read on ea* day2 pray]s 7 also provid$ = wor%ip ^u sa9ts' days & fe/ivals1 9 ! use ( :i* !re 0 to be no option1 & ! privilege ( extempore pray] 9 any "p ( public wor%ip 0 to be tak5 f ! m9i/]1 9 l>ge measure if n entirely4 ,t ?is int5tion 0 *]i%$ seems evid5t f a discussion 9 :i* ,spottiswoode engag$ ) "o ,hog1 m9i/] at ,dys>t4 ,hog _h def5d$ an action compla9$ (1 by say+ t 8 pray] on ! occasion ref]r$ to _h be5 9 con=mity ) ,knox's ,book ( ,common ,ord]2 9 reply ,spottiswoode decl>$ t ,9 a %ort "t t ,book ( ,discipl9e w\ld be dis*>g$ & m9i/]s ti$ to set =ms4 ,! ,book 0 reg>d$ by all z a compromise betwe5 ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] & ! ,engli% ,pray] ,book1 & appe>s to h excit$ no en?usiasm1 ev5 among its promot]s2 x 0 too subv]sive ( ,scotti% cu/om to please ^? :o 7 loyal to ! old usage1 & x 0 n suffici5tly liturgical to suit ,james & 8 l-m9d$ c\nsellors4 ,x has be5 /at$ t ! transpir+ ( c]ta9 ev5ts _h delay$ ! publication ( ?is ,liturgy2 ^! ev5ts 7 connect$ ) ! hi/oric ,articles ( ,p]?4 ,^! ,articles 7 ord]s1 fir/ ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( #afah1 sitt+ at ,p]? & act+ "u royal in/ruction1 & aft]w>ds ( ! ,p>liam5t :i* confirm$ !m 9 #afba1 enjo9+ ,kneel+ at ! ,communion2 ,private ,communion 9 cases ( sickness2 ,private ,baptism ^u a great & reasonable cause2 ,episcopal ,confirmation2 ,! obs]vance ( ! fe/ivals ( ,*ri/mas1 ,good ,friday1 ,ea/] ,day1 ,asc5sion ,day & ,:itsunday4 ,! ,five ,articles 7 pass$ 9 ,assembly 9 spite ( vigor\s opposition on ! "p ( a m9ority t1 nev]!less1 repres5t$ ! mo/ int5se feel+ ( a v l>ge section ( ! ,scotti% p4 ,! fir/ ( ^! ,five ,articles1 t 7 subv]sive ( s mu* = :i* ! re=m]s _h /ruggl$ & _h at la/ secur$1 re/abli%$ a practice t c\ld only be reg>d$ by ! ,*ur* z ,romi% 9 its t5d5cy1 & :olly unscriptural4 ,x excit$ ! mo/ viol5t opposition1 & secur$ = itself1 ev5 aft] its approval by ,p>liam5t1 det]m9$ resi/ance on ! "p ( ! p4 ,previ\s to ?is1 9 #afag1 ,james _h by 8 *ildi% flaunt+ ( ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 9 ! face ( ! ,scotti% subjects1 on ! occasion ( 8 visit to ,ed9burgh1 e/rang$ ! sympa?ies ( _m :o _h previ\sly be5 n unk9dly dispos$ t[>d 8 projects1 & ar\s$ among ! p 9 g5]al1 a deep] & m widespread opposition to 8 s*eme ( re=m ?an _h hi!rto made itself manife/4 ,"s mon?s be=e 8 visit he _h giv5 ord]s = ! re-fitt+ ( ! ,royal ,*apel at ,holyrood1 & = ! introduction ( an organ1 ! prep>ation ( /alls = *ori/]s1 & ! sett+ up )9 ! ,*apel ( /atues ( ! ,apo/les & ,evangeli/s4 ,! organ & *ori/]s ! ,scot* c\ld abide1 b ! proposal ( images ar\s$ su* an outbur/ ( opposition on ! "p ( ! p t ,james1 be+ advis$ ( x1 made a happy excuse ( ! /atues n be+ yet ready1 & )drew 8 ord] = ! =w>d+ ( !m to ,scotl&4 ,! s]vices 9 ,holyrood ,*apel1 h[ev]1 dur+ ! visit ( ,8 ,maje/y to ,ed9burgh1 7 all aft] ! ,episcopal =m1 ) s++ ( *ori/]s1 surplices1 & play+ on organs1 & :5 a cl]gyman ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& (ficiat$ at ! celebration ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ! majority ( ^? pres5t receiv$ x kneel+4 ,all ?is1 z may be imag9$1 _h its effect ^u ,james's ,scotti% subjects1 b t effect 0 ! opposite ( :at he _h hop$ =4 ,in/ead ( inspir+ a love = an elaborate liturgy1 or develop+ a sympa?y betwe5 ! two k+doms 9 matt]s ( wor%ip1 ! result 0 to antagonize ! _s ( ! ,scots1 z well aga9/ ! propos$ *anges z aga9/ ! ,k+1 :o1 ) *ildi% pleasure 9 :at he deem$ prop]1 s\ght to en=ce 8 w ^u ! consci5ce ( ! p f :om he _h sprung1 & among :om he _h be5 educat$4 ,! loyalty ( ! ,scots to ! ,/u>ts is prov]bial1 b ?\gh ready to die = _! k+1 to ackn[l$ge him z "l ( ! consci5ce !y c\ld n be p]suad$4 ,a _s ( opposition /rong] ?an t :i* _h be=e exi/$ 0 develop$ aga9/ any liturgy 9 ,*ur* wor%ip1 & ! se$s 7 s[n :i* 7 aft]w>ds to be> fruit 9 ! h>ve/ ( ! ,revolution ( #afhh4 ,?is opposition1 x may be argu$1 0 n ! outcome ( a calm consid]ation ( ! que/ions involv$1 b 0 an indirect result ( ! national ang] at ! attempt ( ! ,k+ to co]ce ! consci5ces ( 8 subjects4 ,9 any ev5t1 s /rong 0 ! opposition to any *ange 9 ! religi\s wor%ip ( ! l&1 t ,james ceas$ 8 active endeavors to c>ry out 8 w1 & 9 a message to 8 ,scotti% subjects 9 #afbd assur$ !m ( 8 desire by g5tle & fair means r to reclaim !m f _! unsettl$ & evil-gr\nd$ op9ions1 nor by sev]ity & rigor ( ju/ice to inflict t puni%m5t :i* _! misbehavior & contempt m]its4 ,we n[ come to a p]iod m>k$ by a /ill m vigor\s assault ^u ! lib]ties ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 & by a correspond+ly vigor\s opposition !reto on ! "p ( ! ,scotti% p4 ,william ,laud1 :o aft]w>ds became ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 began to ex]t 8 influ5ce ^u ! religi\s life ( bo? ,engl& & ,scotl& dur+ ! clos+ ye>s ( ,james's reign1 b x 0 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ! ,fir/1 :o succe$$ 8 fa!r 9 #afbe1 t he came be=e ! _w 9 8 sudd5 & s un=tunate greatness4 ,hi/ory has left b little d\bt 9 ! m9d ( ! c>eful /ud5t t ,laud's delib]ate purpose & p]si/5t influ5ce1 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,scotl&1 7 t[>ds a revival ( ,romanism )9 ! ,*ur* ( :i* he 0 a prelate1 or at lea/ t[>ds ! creation ( a high ,anglicanism :i* w\ld diff] b little f ! ,romi% sy/em4 ,adroitly1 & frequ5tly conceal+ 8 real purpose1 he labor$ to ?is end1 & x is n too mu* to say t ! vigor\s &1 at la/1 successful opposition to 8 plans 9 ,scotl&1 sav$ ! ,engli% ,*ur* f radical *anges :i* x is cle> he 0 prep>$ to introduce 9 ! s\!rn ,k+dom :5 8 desires = ,scotl& _h be5 effect$4 ,engl& owes to ,scotl& ! pres]vation ( h] ,prote/antism on two occasions3 fir/1 9 ! days ( ,knox1 :5 ! "w ( ! /urdy ,re=m] prev5t$ :at mu/ h tak5 place _h a ,ca?olic ,scotl& be5 prep>$ to jo9 ) ,spa9 9 ! ov]?r[ ( ,prote/ant ,engl&1 & aga9 :5 ,scotti% opposition effectively nipp$ 9 ! bud ,laud's plans = a ,romi% movem5t 9 bo? ,k+doms4 ,! hi/ory ( ! movem5t "u ,laud x is only possible briefly to summ>ize4 ,9 #afbi ,*>les reviv$ ! subject1 to :i* 8 fa!r _h devot$ s mu* att5tion1 ( an improv$ s]vice 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 & wrote to ! ,scotti% ,bi%ops ord]+ !m to press =w>d ! matt] ( an improv$ liturgy ) all e>ne/ness4 ,z a result1 ! draft ( ! ,book ( ,common ,pray] prep>$ 9 ! reign ( ,james 0 aga9 br\ght to light & =w>d$ to ,*>les1 & ?is w\ld probably h be5 accept$ & au?oriz$ = use b = ,laud's influ5ce4 ,x h[ev] 0 too bald & simple to suit ! rituali/ic ,ar*bi%op1 :o p]suad$ ! ,k+ t x w\ld be entirely pref]able to introduce into ,scotl& ! ,engli% ,pray] ,book )\t *ange4 ,correspond5ce ^u ! matt] 0 cont9u$ until #afcc1 :5 ,*>les1 accompani$ by ,laud1 visit$ ,scotl& = ! purpose ( be+ cr[n$1 & also to f9i% ! important bus9ess ( ! ,liturgy4 ,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,scotl& ,*>les foll[$ ! example ( 8 fa!r 9 p>ad+ be=e ! p ^u e possible occasion ! ritual ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 conduct on 8 "p :i* s]v$ only to /ir up fur!r & m deeply-seat$ opposition4 ,soon aft] 8 return to ,engl& he dispat*$ in/ructions to ! ,scotti% ,bi%ops requir+ !m to decide ^u a =m ( liturgy & to proce$ ) its prep>ation4 ,8 message 0 9 ^! t]ms3 ,consid]+ t !re is no?+ m defective 9 t ,*ur* ?an ! want ( a ,book ( ,common ,pray] & uni=m s]vice to be kept 9 all ! ,*ur*es !re( 444 we are h]eby pleas$ to au?orize y 444 to condesc5d ^u a =m ( ,*ur* s]vice to be us$ !re94 ,su* a =m 0 accord+ly prep>$1 =w>d$ to ,london = ! ,k+'s approval1 &1 aft] revision by ,laud1 :o 0 comm&$ by ,8 ,maje/y to give to ! ,bi%ops ( ,scotl& 8 be/ assi/ance 9 ?is "w1 x 0 duly publi%$ 9 #afcg1 & ord]$ to be read 9 all ,*ur*es ( ,scotl& on ! #bcrd ( ,july ( t ye>4 ,! book appe>$1 /amp$ ) ! royal approval1 elaborately illum9at$ & illu/rat$1 & be>+ ?is title1 ,! ,book ( ,common ,pray] & ,adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts1 & o!r p>ts ( ,div9e ,s]vice1 = ! use ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,a royal ord] accompani$ x1 9 :i* civil au?orities 7 enjo9$ to ,comm& & *>ge all our subjects1 bo? ecclesia/ical & civil1 to con=m !mselves to ! public =m ( wor%ip1 :i* is ! only =m ( wor%ip :i* we 7hav+ tak5 c\nsel ( our cl]gy7 ?9k fit to be us$ 9 ,god's public wor%ip 9 ?is our k+dom4 ,! introduction ( ?is ,s]vice ,book1 z x 0 call$1 into public wor%ip 9 ,/4 ,giles1 ,ed9burgh1 on ! day appo9t$1 0 ! signal = an outbur/ ( popul> indignation t 0 z fire to ! hea!r 9 ! l&4 ,on t occasion ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,/4 ,&rew's 0 pres5t ) ! ,bi%op ( ,ed9burgh1 b :5 ! ,dean rose to read ! new s]vice1 ev5 ! pres5ce ( su* dignit>ies 0 n suffici5t to re/ra9 ! p5t-up feel+s ( ! congregation4 ,su* a clamor arose z made x impossible = ! ,dean to proce$1 books & o!r missiles 7 freely ?r[n1 & a /ool1 hurl$ by ! traditional ,j5ny ,g$des1 n>r[ly miss$ ! ,dean's head1 :]eupon t dignit>y fl$ precipitately1 foll[$ by ! m =cible ?an elegant ejaculation ( ! wra?ful woman1 ,out ?\ false ?ief2 do/ ?\ say mass at my lug8 ,! riot 9 ,ed9burgh 0 ! signal = simil> manife/ations ( popul> feel+ ?r\gh\t ! l&1 ! national _s 0 ar\s$1 & ! /ately fabric :i* ,*>les & ,laud1 support$ by a prelatic p>ty 9 ,scotl&1 _h be5 labori\sly re>+ = ye>s1 0 ov]?r[n 9 a day4 ,?is feel+ ( opposition on ! "p ( ! p to ! introduction ( a liturgy into ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 f\nd due & (ficial expression 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! ,g5]al ,assembly meet+ at ,glasg[ repudiat$ ,laud's ,liturgy & appeal$ repeat$ly to ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] z conta9+ ! ,law ( ! ,*ur* respect+ wor%ip4 ,9 8 eloqu5t clos+ address ! ,mod]ator1 ,alex&] ,h5d]son1 said3 & n[ we are quit ( ! ,s]vice ,book1 :i* 0 a book ( s]vice & slav]y inde$1 ! ,book ( ,canons :i* ti$ u 9 spiritual bondage1 ! ,book ( ,ord9ation :i* 0 a yoke put ^u ! necks ( fai?ful m9i/]s1 & ! ,high ,commission :i* 0 a gu>d to keep u all "u t slav]y4 ,! p also 9 =mal mann] express$ _! m9d on ! matt] & 9 ! ,solemn ,league & ,cov5ant1 sign$ 9 ,gray fri>s ,*ur*y>d1 ass]t$ _! purpose to def5d1 ev5 unto dea?1 ! true religion1 & to labor by all means lawful to recov] ! purity & lib]ty ( ! ,gospel z x 0 e/abli%$ & pr(ess$ be=e ! late innovations4 ,*>les at fir/ det]m9$ ^u extreme measures1 & prep>ations 7 made to =ce ! /ubborn ,kirk ( ,scotl& to b[1 b wis] measures prevail$1 & ! desires ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& 7 = ! "t grant$4 ,! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 ?us reaffirm$ z ! law ( ! ,*ur* respect+ wor%ip1 cont9u$ 9 use dur+ ! ye>s foll[+ ! ,glasg[ ,assembly ( #afch1 ye>s :i* = ,scotl& 7 comp>atively peaceful1 by reason ( ! tr\bles fa/ ?ick5+ ar\nd ! ,engli% ?rone4 ,?is int]e/+ *apt] ( ,scotti% hi/ory :i* we h ?us briefly review$1 is ( value to u 9 ! pres5t discussion only 9 s f> z1 f ! facts pres5t$1 we are able to und]/& ! _s t *>act]iz$ ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& at ?is p]iod1 & ! pr9ciples t guid$ !m 9 _! attitude t[>d ! subject ( public wor%ip4 ,:at ?is _s & ^? pr9ciples 7 x is n difficult to discov]4 ,! facts !mselves are pla92 n only did ! ,*ur* 9 its regul>ly con/itut$ c\rts oppose ! introduction ( new =ms & ! elaboration ( ! ,*ur* s]vice1 b ! p resi/$ by e means 9 _! p[]1 & at la/ w5t ! l5g? ( resi/+ by =ce ( arms1 ! attempt to impose ^u !m ! new ,s]vice ,book4 ,x is ass]t$ t ! *ief1 if n ! only cause ( ?is resi/ance 01 fir/1 an elem5t ( patriotism :i* 9 ,scotl& oppos$ uni=mly any measure :i* seem$ to subord9ate ! national cu/oms to ^? ( ,engl&1 & secondly1 ! righte\s & consci5ti\s objection ( ,presbyt]ians to hav+ impos$ ^u !m by any ext]nal au?ority1 a =m ( wor%ip & ,*ur* gov]nm5t :i* _! own ecclesia/ical au?orities _h n approv$1 & :i* !y !mselves _h n volunt>ily accept$4 ,! objection1 9 a ^w1 is said to h be5 n to a liturgy z su*1 b to a =eign liturgy & to "o impos$4 ,x _c be d5i$ t ^! 7 important elem5ts 9 ! opposition ( ! ,scotti% p to ! projects ( ,*>les4 ,_m ( !m1 = "o or o!r ( ^! reasons1 oppos$ ! ,k+'s comm&1 :o _h no consci5ti\s scruples ) reg>d ei!r to ! =m or sub/ance ( ,laud's liturgy4 ,too mu* is claim$1 h[ev]1 :5 ! ass]tion is made t !re 0 no real objection among ! p to ! introduction ( an elaborat$ s]vice su* z t :i* 0 propos$4 ,! lib]ty ( free pray] s de> to ! ,scotti% re=m]s 01 if n entirely d5i$1 l>gely encroa*$ ^u2 a responsive s]vice1 to :i*1 9 common ) ! great lead]s ( ,g5eva1 ,knox & ,melville _h be5 s uni=mly oppos$1 0 introduc$2 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! s]vice = ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 =ms ( words 7 employ$ :i* seem$ to tea* doctr9es reject$ by ! re=m]s4 ,"h !n 0 abundant gr\nd = opposition to ,laud's liturgy :5 judg$ on its m]its1 & ?is gr\nd ! /]n !ologians ( t day 7 n likely to ov]look4 ,nor is x to be =gott5 t 9 ! _m supplications :i* f "t to "t 7 pres5t$ to ! ,k+ bo? f ,*ur* & ,/ate aga9/ ! introduction ( ! ,s]vice ,book1 ! anti-,engli% plea nev] f\nd a place1 b uni=mly1 ref]5ce 0 made 9 /rong t]ms to ! unscriptural =m ( wor%ip sugge/$ = adoption by ! ,scotti% p1 toge!r ) a prote/ aga9/ ! arrogant imposition ^u !m ( a =m ( s]vice n desir$4 ,p]si/5tly 9 ^! supplications ! subscrib]s express$ _! desire t !re %\ld be no *ange 9 ! =m ( wor%ip to :i* !y _h be5 accu/om$1 & pray$ = a cont9uance ( ! lib]ty hi!rto enjoy$4 ,9 a compla9t laid be=e ! ,privy ,c\ncil ! ,s]vice ,book & ,canons are describ$ z conta9+ ! se$s ( div]s sup]/itions1 idolatry & false doctr9e1 & z be+ subv]sive ( ! discipl9e e/abli%$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,e>l ( ,ro!s 9 an address spoke ?us3 ,:o press$ t =m ( s]vice contr>y to ! laws ( ,god & ?is k+dom8 ,:o d>$ 9 _! conv5ticles contrive a =m ( ,god's public wor%ip contr>y to t e/abli%$ by ! g5]al cons5t ( ?is ,*ur* & ,/ate8 ,& t ! =m ( wor%ip ev] held a prom95t place 9 ! discussions ( ! "t1 appe>s f a lett] suppos$ to h be5 writt5 by ,alex&] ,h5d]son1 9 :i* he def5ds ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* aga9/ a *>ge ( disord] & neglect ( seemly proc$ure 9 wor%ip2 he says1 ,! =m ( pray]s1 adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts1 etc41 :i* are set d[n be=e _! ,psalm ,book1 & to :i* ! m9i/]s are to con=m !mselves1 is a suffici5t witness2 = al?\gh !y be n ti$ to set =ms & words1 yet are !y n left at r&om1 b = te/ify+ _! cons5t & keep+ unity !y h _! ,directory & prescrib$ ,ord]4 ,:ile x is true1 !re=e1 t ! high-h&$ conduct ( ! ,k+ 9 =c+ ^u an unwill+ p a =m ( s]vice already di/a/eful because ( its =eign associations1 0 d\btless an important elem5t 9 ar\s+ ! vigor\s opposition ) :i* x 0 met1 nev]!less1 !re is abundant evid5ce to %[ t ap>t f any su* consid]ation1 ! _s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& 0 entirely ho/ile to ! introduction ( fur!r =ms1 to ! elaboration ( _! simple s]vice1 & to ! imposition ^u _! m9i/]s ( prescrib$ pray]s f :i* 9 public wor%ip !y w\ld n be all[$ to dep>t4 ,! ,we/m9/] ,assembly & ! ,directory ( ,wor%ip4 ,if ! ,assembly's ,directory increas$ lib]ty1 x also augm5t$ responsibility4 ,if x took away ! support ( set & prescrib$ =ms on :i* ! indol5t might lean & ev5 sleep1 ?is 0 done to ! av[$ int5t t ^? :o conduct$ public s]vices might ! m indu/ri\sly prep>e = !m2 & !reunto ! m dilig5tly /ir up ! gifts ( ,god )9 !m4--,,rev4 ,,eug5e ,,daniel4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,we/m9/] ,assembly & ! ,directory ( ,wor%ip4 ,prior to ! ye> #afch ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 9 its /ruggle to pres]ve its =m ( wor%ip1 _h to cont5d ) ! advocates ( prelacy & ritualism1 b n[ opposition to ! e/abli%$ practice arose f ano!r qu>t]4 ,9 connection ) e great re=m !re are apt to arise extravagant movem5ts1 ! promot]s ( :i* see only "o side ( confess$ly important tru?s1 & s c>ry to undue excess "s phase ( re=m :i*1 9 prop]ly balanc$ measure1 w\ld h be5 righte\s & desirable4 ,s x 0 9 ! p]iod ( ! ,re=mation4 ,among ! sev]al sect>ies :i* _h _! orig9 9 ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* 0 a company call$ ,br[ni/s1 an extreme section ( ! ,indep5d5ts1 :o took _! "n f _! f\nd]1 "o ,rob]t ,br[ne1 an ,engli%man & a prea*]1 al?\gh a reject] ( ord9ation & a prote/] aga9/ ! necessity ( any (ficial lic5se = ! "w ( ! m9i/ry4 ,x 0 a "p ( _! cre$ to object to any regulation ( public wor%ip1 & ev5 to _m ( ! simple/ c]emonies :i* _h hi!rto be5 reta9$ by ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*es4 ,9 ,scotl& !y oppos$1 z !y _h done else:]e1 all read+ ( pray]s1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 ! kneel+ ( ! m9i/] = private devotions on ent]+ ! pulpit1 ! repeat+ ( ! ,"l's ,pray] 9 any "p ( ! public s]vice1 & ! s++ ( ! ,gloria ,patri at ! end ( ! ,psalm4 ,! movem5t1 let x be said1 al?\gh x took an extreme =m1 _h its spr+ 9 ! deep disgu/ & %ame felt by _m pi\s s\ls at ! laxity & =mality :i* *>act]iz$ religi\s life 9 ,engl& dur+ ! e>li] "p ( ! ,/u>t p]iod4 ,! unwise policy ( ,*>les 9 seek+ to =ce ^u ! ,scotti% ,*ur* a liturgical s]vice1 _h produc$ 9 ! m9ds ( _m its natural result1 creat+ extreme views 9 opposition to all prescrib$ =ms ( wor%ip4 ,! ,br[ni/s1 !re=e1 f\nd 9 ,scotl& a l>ge foll[+1 & a rapidly increas+ section ( ! ,*ur* began gradually to dep>t ev5 f ! =ms & sugge/ions ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 & to adopt a /ill less re/rict$ =m ( s]vice4 ,aga9/ ^! irregul>ities ! ,g5]al ,assemblies ( #afci & #afdj legislat$1 & yet 9 su* t]ms z seem to indicate t already ! m9d ( ! ,*ur* at l>ge 0 be+ prep>$ = *ange4 ,x 0 orda9$ by ! fir/ ( ! ,assemblies ref]r$ to t ,no novation 9 wor%ip %\ld be sudd5ly enact$1 b t ,synods1 ,presbyt]ies & ,kirks %\ld be advis$ ) be=e ! ,assembly %\ld au?orize any *ange4 ,! desire = great] fre$om 9 wor%ip cont9u$ to increase1 until 9 #afdc ! ,g5]al ,assembly appo9t$ a committee ) in/ructions to prep>e1 & h 9 read9ess = ! next ,assembly1 a ,directory = ,div9e ,wor%ip 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,?is 0 a di/9ct concession to t section ( ! ,*ur* :i* 0 oppos$ to ev5 ! simple/ =ms ( an optional liturgy4 ,! "w1 h[ev]1 0 sup]s$$ by a simil> und]tak+ on a l>g] scale1 9 virtue ( an invitation f ! memb]s ( ! ,assembly ( ,div9es at ,we/m9/] to ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& to jo9 ) !m 9 ! prep>ation1 among o!r /&>ds1 ( a ,directory ( ,wor%ip = ! use ( ! ,*ur*es ( bo? ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,! invitation 0 accept$ ) read9ess1 & c]ta9 m9i/]s ( good ^w1 & repres5tative eld]s highly approv$ ( by _! bre?r51 7 elect$ to repres5t ! ,scotti% ,*ur* 9 ?is great "w4 ,^! m5 7 ,baillie1 ,h5d]son1 ,ru!r=d1 ,gillespie & ,d\glas1 m9i/]s1 ) ,john/on1 ( ,w>ri/on1 & ,lords ,cassilis & ,maitl& z lay repres5tatives2 ,argyle1 ,balm]9o* & ,l\don 7 aft]w>ds add$4 ,! "w 0 duly prosecut$ at ,we/m9/]1 &1 al?\gh ! ,scot* ,commission]s ) reluctance rel9qui%$ _! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 yet = ! sake ( ! uni=mity 9 wor%ip :i* !y hop$ to see e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 ,scotl& & ,irel&1 !y jo9$ he>tily 9 ! "w1 & c>ri$ x :5 complet$ to ! ,assembly ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 by :i* x 0 duly exam9$1 slightly am5d$ 9 ! directions conc]n+ baptism & m>riage1 & f9ally1 unanim\sly approv$ 9 all its p>ts1 & adopt$4 ,! t]ms 9 :i* ! ,assembly express$ its approval ( ?is "w are unres]v$3 ,! ,g5]al ,assembly1 hav+ mo/ s]i\sly consid]$1 revis$ & exam9$ ! ,directory a=em5tion$1 aft] sev]al public read+s ( x1 aft] mu* delib]ation1 bo? publicly & 9 private committees1 aft] full lib]ty giv5 to all to object aga9/ x1 & e>ne/ invitations ( all :o h any scruples ab\t x1 to make kn[n ! same1 t !y might be satisfi$1 do? unanim\sly1 & )\t a contr>y voice1 agree to & approve ! foll[+ ,directory 9 all ! heads !re(1 toge!r ) ! preface set be=e x2 & do? require1 dec]n & orda9 t1 accord+ to ! pla9 t5or & mean+ !re( & ! int5t ( ! preface1 x be c>efully & uni=mly obs]v$ & practis$ by all ! m9i/]s & o!rs )9 ?is ,k+dom :om x do? conc]n4 ,! ,scotti% ,p>liam5t likewise gave its approval ( ! ,directory1 :i* 0 accord+ly 9 due "t prep>$ = publication1 & issu$ "u ! title1 ,a ,directory = ! ,public ,wor%ip ( ,god ?r\gh\t ! ?ree k+doms ( ,scotl&1 ,engl& & ,irel&2 ) an ,act ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,kirk ( ,scotl& = e/abli%+ & obs]v+ ?is pres5t ,directory2 & ?us ! ,we/m9/] ,directory became ! prim>y au?ority on matt]s ( wor%ip & adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts )9 ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,its use1 h[ev]1 dur+ ! ye>s imm$iately foll[+ its adoption appe>s to h be5 by no means g5]al1 _m /ill adh]+ to ! me?od ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 o!rs incl9+ t[>ds an ev5 great] fre$om ?an seem$ to !m to be p]mitt$ by ! ,directory4 ,^! latt] belong$ to t section ( ! ,*ur* aft]w>ds kn[n z ,prote/]s1 & ^: opposition to ! use ( ! ,"l's ,pray] & ! ,cre$1 z well ay to prescrib$ =ms ( pray]1 0 mo/ pron\nc$4 ,ev5ts soon occurr$ :i* ex]t$ a /rong influ5ce 9 favor ( absolute lib]ty 9 wor%ip1 & :i* effectively /r5g!n$ ! ,prote/]s 9 ! position :i* !y _h assum$4 ,9 #afea !re took place at ,scone ! unhappy cr[n+ ( ,*>les ! ,second by ! ,scots4 ,?is act plac$ ,scotl& 9 op5 opposition to ,cromwell1 & z a result ! l& 0 br\ght "u 8 iron-h&$ rule dur+ ! rema9+ ye>s ( ! ,protectorate4 ,! effect ( ?is on ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* 0 to introduce into ,scotl& ! me?ods ( wor%ip approv$ by ! ,indep5d5ts1 to :om ^? p>ties 9 ,scotl& :i* 7 oppos$ to all prescrib$ =ms or regulation ( wor%ip1 n[ atta*$ !mselves4 ,wor%ip aft] ! ,presbyt]ian =m 0 n disall[$1 b ! prea*]s ( ,cromwell's army1 ) ! approval ( an increas+ p>ty 9 ! ,scotti% ,*ur*1 =c$ !mselves into ! pulpits ( ! l& & conduct$ wor%ip 9 a mann] approv$ ( by !mselves4 ,9 ^! s]vices prea*+ occupi$ ! mo/ prom95t place1 & to wor%ip1 z su*1 b scant att5tion 0 giv51 s t 9 #afec ! m9i/]s ( ! city ( ,ed9burgh1 f9d+ compla9ts among ! p t 9 ! s]vices ( ! ,sabba? day !re 0 no read+ ( ,scripture nor s++ ( ,psalms1 took /eps to h ^! p>ts ( wor%ip resum$4 ,:ile ! public wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,commonweal? _c be said to h _h any g5]al uni=mity1 x is evid5t t ! influ5ce ( ,indep5d5cy ^u x 0 t[>d ! curtailm5t ( =m & ! grant+ ( absolute lib]ty to e prea*] to conduct wor%ip 9 :atev] way seem$ good to himself4 ,x 0 ! sw+ ( ! p5dulum to ! opposite extreme f ! en=c$ ord] ( ,laud's ,liturgy4 ,x is d\btful if ?is erratic p]iod w\ld h left any p]man5t effect ^u ! religi\s life & wor%ip ( ,scotl&1 _h x n be5 = ! =mation ( a p>ty 9 sympa?y ) ! political pr9ciples ( ! ,protector4 ,?is p>ty1 be+ =c$ into political opposition to ! support]s ( royalty1 naturally f\nd !mselves1 ?r\gh _! associations1 prejudic$ 9 favor ( ! religi\s pr9ciples & practices ( ^? ) :om !y /ood alli$ 9 ! /ate2 & ?us x 0 t a /rong p>ty favor+ absolute lib]ty 9 matt]s ( wor%ip arose 9 ! ,scotti% ,*ur*4 ,! re/oration ( ,*>les ! ,second 9 #affj br\ght ) x ! disav[al on 8 "p ( ! ,cov5ant to :i* he _h subscrib$1 & ! op5 rejection ( ! ,presbyt]ian pr9ciples to :i* he _h be5 s readily loyal 9 ! day ( 8 di/ress4 ,episcopacy 0 re/or$ z ! =m ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t = ,scotl&1 & bi%ops 7 consecrat$2 b x 0 left to "t & ! gradual p[] ( imitation to secure ! introduction ( a ritual into ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur*4 ,*>les ! ,second & 8 m9ion1 ,%>p1 did n deem x wise to und]take a "w 9 :i* ,*>les ! ,fir/ & ,laud _h s signally fail$1 ! "w ( impos+ a ritual ( wor%ip ^u ! ,scotti% ,*ur*2 ,episcopal gov]nm5t _h be5 impos$1 ,episcopal wor%ip x 0 hop$ w\ld foll[4 ,9 bo? ( 8 aims1 h[ev]1 ?\gh s\ght by su* diff]5t me?ods1 ,*>les 0 doom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,z impot5t z 0 ! royal comm&1 ?\gh back$ by e =m ( deprivation ( "r & ( cruel p]secution1 to secure ! acceptance by ,scotl& ( an ,episcopal ,*ur*1 s impot5t 0 ! s]vice1 conduct$ by royal hirel+s & con=m+ curates1 to inspire ! p ) any love = =mal wor%ip4 ,x 01 fur!r1 9 comp>atively few ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,scotl& t any attempt 0 made to introduce ! s]vice ( ! ,engli% ,pray] ,book4 ,9 ! n[ ,episcopal ,*ur*es ( ! l&1 a =m ( wor%ip :i* gave a place to ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! ,gloria ,patri1 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 & ! ,decalogue1 0 reg>d$ z satisfactory4 ,public wor%ip1 !re=e1 at ?is "t may be said to h be5 simply a return to ! me?od sugge/$1 b n requir$1 9 ! "t ( ,knox2 b ev5 ^! hi/oric ,scotti% =ms1 by reason ( _! association ) an en=c$ ,episcopacy1 became increas+ly di/a/eful to t l>ge body ( ! ,scots :o refus$ to con=m to ! ,*ur* by law e/abli%$1 & :o1 z a result1 7 driv5 to ! moors & ! hill-sides1 !re to wor%ip ,god z consci5ce prompt$4 ,! ,prote/]s1 ! p>ty to :i* ! majority ( ! ,cov5ant]s belong$1 _h always be5 oppos$ to any?+ savor+ ( ritual 9 wor%ip4 ,b _! opposition 0 int5sifi$ & deep5$ dur+ ! tw5ty-eight ye>s ( ! kill+ "t1 z !y saw ! wor%ip ( ! p>ty f :i* _! p]secutors arose1 *>act]iz$ *iefly by ! acceptance ( ^? =ms aga9/ :i* !y _h ent]$ _! prote/ 9 =m] days4 ,ev5 9 ! case ( ^? ^: consci5ces p]mitt$ !m to con=m to ! e/abli%$ religion ( ! l& & to wait on ! m9i/ry ( ! con=m+ cl]gy1 !re 0 develop$1 ?r\gh sympa?y ) _! p]secut$ c\ntrym51 hunt$ on ! hills & track$ to _! hid+ places l qu>ry1 a suspicion ( ev5 ! =ms ( a religion t p]mitt$ su* cruelties4 ,& ?us x 0 t :5 ! deliv]] alike = ,engl& & ,scotl& arriv$ f ! holl[ l&1 :]e beh9d _! dykes ! conqu]ors ( ! ,spani>ds _h won = !mselves ! privilege ( religi\s lib]ty1 ,scotl& 0 prep>$ to jo9 9 ! welcome giv5 to ,william ( ,orange1 & to hail ) delight ! prospect ( a re/or$ ,presbyt]ianism & its inh]5t lib]ty4 ,mo/ he>tily1 !re=e1 0 x t ! lead]s 9 ,scotl&1 alike 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate1 subscrib$ to ! reque/ pres5t$ to ,william1 ,t ,presbyt]ian gov]nm5t be re/or$ & re-e/abli%$ z x 0 at ! beg9n+ ( our ,re=mation f ,pop]y1 & r5ew$ 9 ! ye> #afch1 cont9u+ until #affj4 ,legislation conc]n+ ,public ,wor%ip 9 ! ,p]iod subsequ5t to ! ,revolution ( #afhh4 ,religion %all rise f its ru9s2 & its oppress$ /ate at pres5t %\ld n only excite u to pray1 b enc\rage u to hope1 = its spe$y revival4--,,dr4 ,,)]spoon4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,legislation conc]n+ ,public ,wor%ip 9 ! ,p]iod subsequ5t to ! ,revolution ( #afhh4 ,9 #afhi ! fir/ ,p>liam5t "u ,william & ,m>y 0 held1 & _! ,maje/ies promis$ to e/abli% by law t =m ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t :i* is mo/ agreeable to ! incl9ations ( ! p4 ,9 accordance ) ?is promise ! ,confession ( ,fai?1 adopt$ 9 #afde1 0 9 ! foll[+ ye> decl>$ to be = ,scotl& ! public & av[$ confession ( ?is ,*ur*1 & an ,ord] 0 issu$ summon+ a ,g5]al ,assembly1 ! fir/ s9ce ! =cible dissolution ( ! ,assembly ( #afec by ,cromwell's dragoons4 ,no ,act 0 pass$ at ?is "t conc]n+ public wor%ip1 nor 0 ! au?ority ( ! ,directory affirm$1 b1 :e!r by int5tion or ?r\gh neglect1 x 0 left to ! ,*ur* to adju/ matt]s p]ta9+ to ?is subject1 )\t =mal in/ruction f ,p>liam5t4 ,consid]+1 h[ev]1 t ! controll+ p>ty 9 ! ,*ur* 0 ! "o t _h suff]$ p]secution1 & ^: well-kn[n feel+s on ! subject ( wor%ip _h be5 int5sifi$ by long & sev]e suff]+1 x is n to be wond]$ at if ! *anges & adju/m5ts effect$ 9 *ur* wor%ip & discipl9e %\ld 9 l>ge measure be> ! /amp ( _! extreme op9ions4 ,s f> z legislation is conc]n$1 h[ev]1 mod]ation & fairness m>k$ all ! proce$+s ( ! ,*ur*1 = 9 ! ,assembly ( #afij1 :i* 0 l>gely compos$ ( ^? ^: sympa?ies 7 ) ! ,prote/]s1 no action :atev] 0 tak5 = ! regulation ( public wor%ip1 ! only ,act hav+ any ref]5ce !reto be+ "o :i* =bade private adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,b al?\gh ! =m ( wor%ip 0 n affect$ by legislation1 x is evid5t f contempor>y writ+s t ! _s ( ! ,prote/]s surviv$1 & ex]t$ itself 9 fo/]+1 9 _m p>ts ( ! l&1 a s5tim5t ev5 m ho/ile to ev]y?+ t might savor ( ev5 ! simple/ ritual4 ,! ref]5ces ( ! ,assemblies t foll[$ ! ,revolution %[ t ! ,directory ( ,wor%ip z adopt$ by ! ,we/m9/] ,div9es1 & aft]w>ds by ! ,*ur* & ,p>liam5t ( ,scotl&1 0 at ?is "t reg>d$ z ! au?ority 9 matt]s ( wor%ip1 & x 0 to wor%ip1 z s regulat$1 t ! ,act ( #afic ref]r$4 ,?is ,act p]ta9+ to ,! ,uni=mity ( ,wor%ip orda9$3 ,t uni=mity ( wor%ip & ( ! adm9i/ration ( all public ord9ances )9 ?is ,*ur* be obs]v$ by all ! said m9i/]s & prea*]s z ! same are at pres5t p]=m$ & all[$ !re91 or %all be h]eaft] decl>$ by ! au?ority ( ! same1 & t no m9i/] or prea*] be admitt$ or cont9u$ h]eaft] unless t he subscribe to obs]ve1 & d actually obs]ve1 ! a=esaid uni=mity4 ,! ,g5]al ,assembly1 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 9 accordance ) ?is civil legislation1 prep>$ a =m = subscription 9 :i* ! subscrib+ m9i/] promis$ to obs]ve uni=mity ( wor%ip & ( ! adm9i/ration ( all public ord9ances )9 ?is ,*ur*1 z ! same are at pres5t p]=m$ & all[$4 ,9 ! same ye> ref]5ce is made 9 an ,act an5t ,lectur+ to ! ,cu/om introduc$ & e/abli%$ by ! ,directory4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t at ?is p]iod ! ,directory 0 reg>d$ by ! ,*ur* z ! au?ority1 & ! only au?ority1 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to wor%ip4 ,9 spite ( ,acts requir+ uni=mity1 h[ev]1 !re 7 /ill )9 ! ,*ur* ^? :o s\ght to introduce *anges1 "s ( ^! desir+ ! introduction ( an impos$ ritual1 o!rs reg>d+ absolute congregational lib]ty 9 matt]s ( wor%ip z desirable4 ,z a result ( div]g5t views & practices !re 0 pass$ by ! ,assembly ( #afig ! ,b>ri] ,act1 = ! purpose ( ,prev5t+ any sudd5 alt]ation or innovation or o!r prejudice to ! ,*ur* 9 ei!r doctr9e or wor%ip or discipl9e or gov]nm5t !re(1 n[ happily e/abli%$4 ,?is 0 ! =mal & p>ticul> enactm5t ( ! pr9ciple laid d[n two g5]ations e>li]1 :5 9 #afci ! ,*ur*1 di/urb$ by ! ,br[ni/s1 _h orda9$ t no novation 9 wor%ip %\ld be sudd5ly enact$4 ,"o o!r ,act ( ,assembly 9 ?is p]iod mu/ be quot$ z %[+ ! feel+ 9 ,scotl& at ?is "t ) reg>d to ritual 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,x result$ f a det]m9$ ef=t on ! "p ( "s ,episcopalians to introduce1 :]ev] possible1 ! ,engli% ,book ( ,common ,pray] into ! s]vices ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,scotl&4 ,! ,assembly accord+ly enact$ t3 ,! purity ( religion & p>ticul>ly ( ,div9e ,wor%ip 444 is a signal bless+ to ! ,*ur* ( ,god-- 444 & t any attempts made = ! introduction ( innovations 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god !re9 h be5 ( fatal & dang]\s consequ5ce 444 t su* innovations are dang]\s to ?is ,*ur* & manife/ly contr>y to our kn[n pr9ciple 7:i* is1 t no?+ is to be admitt$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god b :at is prescrib$ 9 ! ,holy ,scripture7 & aga9/ ! good & laudable laws made s9ce ! late happy ,revolution = e/abli%+ & secur+ ! same 9 h] doctr9e1 wor%ip1 discipl9e & gov]nm5t4 ,!re=e ! ,*ur* requir$ all ! m9i/]s ( ?is ,*ur* 444 to repres5t to _! p ! evil !re( & s]i\sly to exhort !m to bew>e ( !m1 & to deal ) all su* z d or practise ! same 9 ord] to _! recov]y & re=mation4 ,! above enactm5t leaves no room = d\bt z to ! op9ion prevail+ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury respect+ ritual 9 ! public wor%ip ( ,god4 ,at ! same "t x is v evid5t t a desire prevail$ 9 ! ,*ur* = a seemly & uni=m ord] ( s]vice 9 public wor%ip & an ,act ( ! ,assembly ( #agje ,s]i\sly recomm5ds to all m9i/]s & o!rs )9 ?is national ,*ur* ! due obs]vance ( ! ,directory = public wor%ip ( ,god approv5 by ! ,g5]al ,assembly held 9 ! ye> #afde4 ,?is deliv]ance may be tak5 z repres5t+ ! _s ( all legislation ( ! ,*ur* respect+ wor%ip up to ! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,:5ev]1 9 response to ov]tures f subord9ate c\rts1 or inspir$ by special requirem5ts ( ! times1 deliv]ances conc]n+ any "p ( wor%ip 7 prep>$ by ! ,assembly1 !y uni=mly direct$ ! ,*ur* to ! obs]vance ( ! regulation ( ?is dep>tm5t ( ,div9e s]vice z provid$ = 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,directory4 ,x _c be claim$1 h[ev]1 t due reg>d 0 accord$ ! ,directory ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,! la/ half ( ! eighte5? c5tury 0 a "t ( spiritual coldness 9 ,scotl&2 n only did evangelical piety langui% b !re exi/$ at ! same "t a correspond+ want ( int]e/ 9 ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur*4 ,praise 0 neglect$1 & little ef=t 0 made to secure suitable s++ ( ! ,psalms2 at times ! read+ ( ,scripture 0 entirely omitt$1 pray]s 7 brief & meagre1 ! s]mon 0 reg>d$ z 9 itself suffici5t = ! :ole s]vice1 & all o!r p>ts ( public wor%ip 7 look$ ^u ei!r z prelim9>ies or subord9ate ex]cises1 n call+ = any p>ticul> prep>ation or att5tion4 ,x 0 a "t :5 spiritual life 0 l[1 & ! outw>d expression ( t life exhibit$ a correspond+ want ( vigor4 ,! evil1 !re=e1 f :i* ! ,*ur* suff]$ at ?is p]iod 0 n an excess ( att5tion to wor%ip1 b a neglect ( x2 n a too great elaboration ( =ms1 b an almo/ total disreg>d ( !m1 ev5 ( su* z are helpful to ! developm5t ( ! spiritual life ( ! wor%ipp]4 ,& ?us x came to pass t ! /ruggle ( m ?an a c5tury aga9/ ! use ( prescrib$ =ms ( wor%ip result$ 9 a condition m extreme ?an _h be5 ei!r anticipat$ or desir$1 = n only 7 su* =ms ab&on$1 b wor%ip itself 0 neglect$ & disreg>d$4 ,9 review+ ! p]iod subsequ5t to ! rejection ( ,laud's ,liturgy & up to ! "t ( ! ,fir/ ,secession )9 ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 "s features t m>k ! g5]al tr5d ( ! _s ( ,presbyt]ianism ) reg>d to wor%ip are cle>ly manife/4 ,fir/1 9 ! rapid gr[? ( ! sect ( ! ,br[ni/s & _! sympa?iz]s1 a gr[? t _h be5 r5d]$ ! easi] by ! arbitr>y acts ( ,*>les & ,laud 9 a prec$+ p]iod1 we f9d a cle> indication ( ! spread ( op9ions /rongly oppos$ to ! use ( prescrib$ =ms ( pray] &1 inde$1 ( any ritual 9 ! ex]cises ( public wor%ip4 ,x may be urg$1 z has already be5 rem>k$1 t ?is opposition 0 n ! result ( an unprejudic$ consid]ation ( ! subject on its m]its1 b t x 0 r an outcome ( ! _s :i* _h be5 ar\s$ by ! p]secutions ?r\gh :i* ! ,/u>ts _h endeavor$ to =ce a ritual ^u ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,?is may be grant$1 & yet x is n to be =gott5 t _m ( ^? :o held ^! views 7 among ! excell5t ( _! age1 m5 :o did n hesitate to be> p]secution & to endure h>dness z good soldi]s ( ,*ri/ = consci5ce' sake1 & :o1 :ile d\btless influ5c$ by ! s5tim5ts ( ^? :o /ood to !m ei!r 9 ! relation ( fri5ds or foes1 7 n m5 to all[ prejudice to bl9d bo? reason & consci5ce alike4 ,!y _h f\nd a rituali/ic wor%ip associat$ ) practices :i* !y c\ld n b judge to be ungodly & unju/1 & engag$ 9 by m5 :o made mu* ( =m1 b little ( tru? & *>ity & ju/ice4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t 9 _! desire = a reviv$ spiritual life 9 ! ,*ur* !y %\ld consid] su* a life to be mo/ effectively =w>d$ by a dep>ture f ^? =ms t _h be5 associat$ ) ! decay ( true religion 9 _! mid/4 ,b1 9 ! second place1 ?is s5tim5t 9 favor ( absolute fre$om f =m 0 n conf9$ to sect>ies or _! sympa?iz]s 9 ! ,*ur*1 x made itself manife/ among ! lead]s ( religion 9 ! l& & 9 ! ,*ur* c\rts4 ,! proposal ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( #afdc to prep>e a ,directory ( ,wor%ip1 & ! subsequ5t action ( ! ,scotti% ,*ur* 9 unit+ ) ! ,we/m9/] ,div9es 9 ! prep>ation ( t ,directory1 cle>ly indicate t ! ,*ur* _h *ang$ its attitude s9ce ! day 9 :i* ! ,assembly refus$ to alt] any ( ! pray]s 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]4 ,! adoption ( ! ,directory by ! ,scotti% ,*ur* 0 9 a measure an endorsation ( ! views ( ^? :o 7 oppos$ to ! use ( prescrib$ =ms1 & :ile x is true t ! ,scot* ,commission]s w\ld h pref]r$ ! ret5tion ( p>ts ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 x is surely in/ructive t ev5 ^! m5 7 prep>$ to ab&on all =ms = wor%ip & to accept simply a regulative ,directory4 ,! en?usia/ic endorsation accord$ ! ,directory1 bo? by ,p>liam5t & by ! ,assembly1 is a fur!r indication t ! _s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& _h und]gone :atev] slight *ange 0 necess>y to make x favorable to a simple regulation ( public wor%ip1 unhamp]$ by any?+ t _h ev5 ! appe>ance ( a ritual4 ,! introduction ( ! ,directory into ,scotl&1 x is true1 effect$ a v slight *ange 9 ! me?od ( conduct+ public wor%ip4 ,inde$1 a comp>ison ( ! ord] ( s]vice z laid d[n 9 ! ,directory ) t prescrib$ by ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] %[s ! ord] ( ,wor%ip to be ! same 9 bo?4 ,& ?us x 0 t ,baillie1 9 address+ ! ,assembly1 & express+ 8 satisfaction at :at _h be5 accompli%$1 decl>$ x to be a mo/ rem>kable di/9ction t ! practice ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& set d[n 9 a mo/ :olesome1 pi\s & prud5t ,directory1 %\ld come 9 ! place ( a ,liturgy 9 all ! ?ree ,dom9ions4 ,by ! adoption ( ! ,directory all ! sub/ance ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& 0 reta9$ ) ! ord] likewise ( its diff]5t p>ts1 b ! sugge/$ =ms 7 surr5d]$1 & ev5 pray]s1 :i* ow+ to ! circum/ances ( an e>li] age _h be5 reta9$ & submitt$ = discretional use1 7 laid aside4 ,no m5tion 0 made 9 ! ,directory ( ! use ( ! ,gloria1 nor did ! cre$ f9d a place ei!r 9 public wor%ip or 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts1 b ! ,"l's ,pray] 0 m5tion$ z be+ n only a patt]n ( pray]1 b itself a compreh5sive pray]1 & a recomm5dation 0 accord+ly made t x %\ld be us$ 9 ! pray]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ! _s ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 0 /ill /rongly 9 favor ( wor%ip regulat$ 9 its ord] & provid+ = all ! diff]5t spiritual ex]cises au?oriz$ by ,scripture1 b :i* at ! same "t %\ld be free f any impos$ =ms f :i* wor%ipp]s %\ld n be all[$ to deviate4 ,( ! op9ion ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& at ?is "t on ! dire effects produc$ by ! use ( a ritual 9 ! cultivation ( =mality among ! p1 & 9 ! enc\ragem5t ( a lifeless m9i/ry 9 ! ,*ur*1 !re c be no "q1 z ! adoption ( ! t]ms ( ! preface to ! ,directory cle>ly %[s4 ,) ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,engli% ,*ur* ( t age be=e !m z an object lesson ( ! evil effects ( rituali/ic wor%ip1 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 0 n unwill+ to ab&on ! use ( all impos$ =ms1 & to give itself r to ! cultivation & developm5t ( a truly spiritual wor%ip4 ,& f9ally1 ! _s ?us plant$ & fo/]$ 9 ,scotl&1 0 int5sifi$ dur+ ! p]secutions :i* foll[$ ! re/oration ( ,*>les ! ,second4 ,s firmly 0 ?is opposition to an impos$ =m ( wor%ip implant$ 9 ! he>ts ( ,presbyt]ians t1 alike at ! ,revolution & aga9 at ! "t :5 ! t]ms f ! ,act ( ,union betwe5 ,engl& & ,scotl& 7 "u consid]ation ! mo/ e>ne/ repres5tations 7 made1 to ! end t !re %\ld be no *ange 9 ! wor%ip ( ! ,scotti% ,*ur*1 b t ! fre$om 9 ?is matt]1 s priz$ & s de>ly won1 %\ld be secur$ to ! p ( ,scotl&4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& !n1 x may safely be said1 mov$ ev] 9 ! direction ( secur+ great] lib]ty 9 wor%ip1 r ?an t[>ds an increase ( ritual & an imposition ( =m4 ,e succe$+ p]iod 9 h] hi/ory1 :e!r we judge f ! g5]al _s *>act]iz+ ! p or f ! (ficial acts ( ! ,p>liam5t & ! ,*ur*1 %[s a gr[+ di/a/e = a liturgical wor%ip & an increas+ appreciation ( lib]ty 9 all matt]s p]ta9+ to ! approa* ( ! s\l to ,god4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& reject$1 on ! "o h&1 ! extreme positions ( sect>ies :o condemn$ alike a comb9$ sy/em ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t1 ! celebration ( m>riage 9 ! ,*ur*1 ! use 9 wor%ip ( ! ,"l's ,pray] & all regulations ev5 ( ! ord] ( ,div9e wor%ip1 & on ! o!r h& x resi/$ successfully ! /ronge/ ,anglican influ5ces :i* w\ld h depriv$ x ( ! lib]ty x priz$ & w\ld h circumscrib$ t lib]ty by a ritual4 ,x reta9$ dignity & ord]1 :ile x reject$ bo? ! lic5se ( extravagance & ! bondage ( =m4 ,presbyt]ian ,wor%ip ,outside ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,:e!r !y 7 "r or wrong 444 no man ( fairness w fail to all[ t ! record ( ! ,sec$]s all ?r\gh ! p]iod ( decad5ce 0 a noble "o1 a record ( spl5did s]vice to ! cause ( ,*ri/ & ! hi/oric ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4--,m',,crie4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,presbyt]ian ,wor%ip ,outside ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,no review ( ,presbyt]ian ,wor%ip w\ld be complete :i* fail$ to consid] ! _s :i* has *>act]iz$ ^? l>ge sections ( ! ,*ur* :i* exi/ 9 ,scotl& outside ( ! ,e/abli%m5t1 & ^? also :i* h be5 plant$ & fo/]$ 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,9 #agcc ! fir/ ,secession ,*ur* 0 =m$1 :5 ,eb5ez] ,ersk9e1 ,william ,wilson1 ,alex&] ,moncrieff1 & ,james ,fi%]1 prote/+ aga9/ :at !y reg>d$ z ! unju/ treatm5t accord$ !m by ! prevail+ p>ty 9 ! ,*ur*1 7 decl>$ to be no long] memb]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,?is ,secession ,*ur* enjoy$ a rapid gr[?1 & soon came to =m a v influ5tial section 9 ! ,presbyt]ianism ( ! l&4 ,its pr9ciples & practices ) reg>d to wor%ip %[ t same suspicion ( a ritual & p>tiality = a free =m ( wor%ip :i* has always *>act]iz$ ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! days ( h] greate/ vigor4 ,9 #agcf ?is ,*ur* publi%$ its judicial te/imony1 9 :i* x decl>$ its loyalty to ! ,directory ( ,wor%ip z ! same 0 approv$ by ! ,assembly ( #afde4 ,"s ye>s lat] "o section ( ?is ,*ur*1 kn[n z ! ,antiburgh]1 publi%$ a condemnation ( ! corruptions ( wor%ip z witness$ 9 ,engl& & ,wales1 & at a subsequ5t p]iod a fur!r manife/o1 9 :i* ! read+ by m9i/]s ( _! s]mons 9 ! public m9i/ry ( ! ,^w 0 condemn$1 z 0 also ! conduct ( ^? adult p]sons :o1 9 ord9>y circum/ances1 ei!r 9 public1 9 private1 or 9 secret1 re/rict !mselves to set =ms ( pray]1 :e!r ^! be read or repeat$4 ,! same manife/o1 9 a "p treat+ ( ,psalmody1 claim$ = ! ,psalms ,div9e au?ority1 z suitable = ! s]vice ( praise1 9 ! ,*ri/ian z well z 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation1 b ackn[l$g$ t1 9 addition to ^!1 o!rs conta9$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t itself may be sung 9 ! ord9ance ( ,praise4 ,simil> to ?is position 0 t ( ! ,unit$ ,associate ,synod1 :i*1 =m$ 9 #ahbj1 publi%$1 sev5 ye>s lat]1 its views on ! subject ( wor%ip4 ,x condemn$ ! conduct ( adult p]sons :o re/rict$ !mselves to set =ms ( pray]1 :e!r read or :e!r repeat$2 x ackn[l$g$ also t o!r p>ts ( ,scripture besides ! ,psalms 7 suitable = praise1 &1 ) reg>d to ! use ( ! ,"l's ,pray] 9 public wor%ip1 a matt] :i* _h caus$ mu* discussion )9 ! ,*ur* 9 e>li] times1 x ass]t$ t3 ,z ,scripture ,doxologies & ! ,div9ely-approv$ petition ( sa9ts may be w>rantably adopt$ 9 our devotional ex]cises1 bo? public & p]sonal1 s may ! ,"l's ,pray] be us$ by itself or 9 connection ) o!r supplications4 ,o!r manife/os 7 publi%$ f "t to "t by diff]5t bodies z sep>ations or unions took place1 = ! e>ly "p ( ! pa/ c5tury 0 a p]iod ( frequ5t divisions & ( m happy unions4 ,b :ile diff]5ces exi/$ ) reg>d to ! use ( p>aphrases & human hymns 9 ! s]vice ( praise1 on ! g5]al subject ( simplicity ( wor%ip & abs5ce ( prescrib$ =ms1 ! manife/os previ\s to ! middle ( ! c5tury 7 a unit4 ,z late inde$ z #ahgb1 9 a deliv]ance ( ! ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ^u ! subject ( in/rum5tal music 9 public wor%ip1 ?is jeal\sy ( simplicity 9 wor%ip hi!rto enjoy$ is evid5t4 ,to a consid]ation ( t subject ?is ,*ur* _h be5 l$ by ! example ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* 9 secur+ to its congregations lib]ty ( action 9 ! matt]4 ,! ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian ,synod1 9 a deliv]ance 9 :i* x decl9$ to pron\nce judgm5t ^u ! introduction ( in/rum5tal music 9 ,div9e s]vice1 proce$$ to urge ^u ! c\rts ( ! ,*ur*1 & ^u individual m9i/]s1 ! duty ( gu>d+ anxi\sly ! simplicity ( wor%ip 9 ! sanctu>y4 ,n until rec5t ye>s has any consid]able section ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* %[n a t5d5cy to return to ! bondage ( a ritual4 ,! views ( ! bodies above ref]r$ to w be diff]5tly e/imat$ by diff]5t m54 ,"s w be incl9$ to reg>d ! ,secessioni/s z n>r[ 9 _s & sev]e 9 _! simplicity1 & z (t5 fail+ to exhibit a due reg>d = ! beauty ( hol9ess t %\ld *>act]ize ,div9e wor%ip4 ,x w surely1 h[ev]1 indicate on ! "p ( ^? :o read _! hi/ory a want ( appreciation if !y fail to recognize ! /urdy spiritual life :i*1 =m+1 z x ev] does1 ! true/ f\ndation = "r views ( religion1 m>k$ ^! m5 ( :om an em95t lead] 9 ! religi\s life ( ,scotl& has said !y /ood = ,tru? & ,light 9 days :5 ! battle w5t sore aga9/ !m bo?2 & z long z ,tru? & ,light are ma9ta9$ 9 ,scotl& x w n be =gott5 t a great %>e ( ! honor ( hav+ c>ri$ !m safe ?r\gh "s ( our d>ke/ days1 0 giv5 by ,god to ! ,sec$]s4 ,! p]iod ( ! disruption 9 ,scotl& 0 "o ( su* /ruggle conc]n+ great & fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t1 t ! ,free ,*ur*1 dur+ ! fir/ qu>t] ( a c5tury ( its exi/5ce z a sep>ate communion1 _h little "t to devote to a consid]ation ( ! subject ( wor%ip2 ) ! "w ( organization at home1 & aft]w>ds 9 seek+ to c>ry =w>d evangelization abroad x 0 fully occupi$4 ,x 0 = ! ,free ,*ur*1 z also = ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 a p]iod ( revival & ( new life1 & at su* a "t m5 ?9k b little ( =m & me?od1 f9d+ spiritual satisfaction 9 ! volunt>y & spontane\s wor%ip :i* su* an occasion develops4 ,! practice1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,free ,*ur* 9 wor%ip1 & its uni=m t5d5cy1 0 decid$ly un-liturgical2 fre$om f prescrib$ =ms 9 pray] & an abs5ce ( ritual m>k$ its s]vices dur+ ! half-c5tury ( its exi/5ce z a sep>ate communion4 ,s emphatic 0 its devotion to absolute lib]ty on ! "p ( ! wor%ipp]s t x 0 ! la/ ( ! great ,presbyt]ian bodies 9 ,scotl& to take any /eps t[>ds a fur!r control ( public wor%ip o!r ?an t :i* is provid$ 9 ! ,directory4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahhe ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*es ( ,engl& & ( ,au/ralia appo9t$ committees to consid] ! matt] ( a uni=m ord] & me?od ( public wor%ip1 & ^! 9 ea* case devot$ _! ef=ts to ! revision ( ! ,we/m9/] ,directory1 & 9 nei!r has any?+ m liturgical be5 sugge/$ ?an ! repetition ( ! ,cre$ & ! ,"l's ,pray] by ! p4 ,! ord]s ( s]vice recomm5d$ are m l5g?y ?an t ( ! ,we/m9/] ,directory1 b are simil> 9 _! g5]al "*4 ,! hesitation %[n 9 accept+ ev5 su* slight *anges z 7 sugge/$ & ! vigor\s debates :i* result$1 furni% abundant evid5ce t ! _s ( bo? ( ^! ,*ur*es is /ill /rong 9 favor ( volunt>y & untrammel$ wor%ip4 ,x is b "r t 9 review+ public wor%ip outside ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 ref]5ce %\ld be made to ! practice ( ^? l>ge sections ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* :i*1 orig9at+ 9 ,scotl&1 h gr[n /rong 9 o!r l&s4 ,! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica has exhibit$ 9 ! ma9 ! same _s t has *>act]iz$ ,presbyt]ian bodies across ! sea4 ,9 #aghh ! ,synod ( ,new ,york & ,philadelphia adopt$ among o!r symbols ! ,we/m9/] ,directory = ! ,wor%ip ( ,god1 abbreviat+ x some:at1 b *ang+ its in/ructions 9 no mat]ial respect4 ,!re has be5 b little legislation by ?is ,*ur* conc]n+ ?is subject4 ,9 #ahgd ! ,g5]al ,assembly decl>$ ! practice ( a responsive s]vice 9 ! public wor%ip ( ! sanctu>y to be )\t w>rant 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & to be unwise & impolitic 9 view ( its inevitable t5d5cy to de/roy uni=mity 9 ! =m already accept$4 ,x fur!r urg$ ^u sessions ( ,*ur*es to pres]ve 9 act & _s ! simplicity indicat$ 9 ! ,directory4 ,?is judgm5t ( ! ,am]ican ,*ur* ) reg>d to ! influ5ce ( a liturgy 9 public wor%ip is n mat]ially diff]5t f t ( ! fram]s ( ! ,directory z x is set =? 9 _! /rongly-word$ preface4 ,9 #ahgf ! ,assembly decl9$ to s5d d[n to presbyt]ies an ov]ture decl>+ t responsive read+s are a p]missible "p ( wor%ip 9 ! sanctu>y1 al?\gh x decl9$ at ! same "t to recomm5d sessions to make ! "q a subject ( ,*ur* discipl9e4 ,six ye>s aft]w>ds x aga9 refus$ to prep>e & publi% a ,book ( ,=ms = public & social wor%ip & = special occasions :i* %all be ! au?oriz$ s]vice-book ( ! ,*ur* to be us$ :5ev] a prescrib$ =mula may be desir$2 ! reason giv5 = su* refusal1 h[ev]1 0 ! inexp$i5cy ( su* a /ep 9 view ( ! lib]ty t belongs to ea* m9i/] to avail himself ( ! ,calv9i/ic or o!r anci5t devotional =ms ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*es1 s f> z may seem to him = edification4 ,?is explanation cle>ly indicates t1 :ile ! ,am]ican ,*ur* is 9 sympa?y ) ! necessity on ! "p ( m9i/]s1 ( a due & ord]ly dis*>ge ( all public s]vices1 yet x is unwill+ to lay itself op5 to ! *>ge ( ev5 sugge/+ ! imposition ( =ms ^u ! ,*ur* = use on /at$ occasions4 ,an optional liturgy has n be5 )\t its advocates among ! lead]s 9 ?is influ5tial section ( ! ,*ur*4 ,su* em95t & wise m5 z ,drs4 ,*>les & ,a4 ,a4 ,hodge & ,dr4 ,a%bel ,gre5 confess$ !mselves z 9 favor ( ! introduction ( su* =ms = optional use1 & ,dr4 ,baird 9 8 ,eutaxia & o!r writ]s h argu$ vigor\sly f ! example ( si/] *ur*es ( ! cont95t ( ,europe = a return to ! practice :i* !y reg>d$ z hi/orically ,presbyt]ian4 ,z yet1 h[ev]1 ! ,*ur* has pref]r$ lib]ty to ev5 sugge/$ re/riction4 ,! results 9 ?is ,*ur*1 x _c be d5i$1 are n all t c\ld be desir$4 ,! ,directory is b little /udi$ by m9i/]s1 & has by _m be5 practically set aside4 ,frequ5tly ea* congregation 9 ! matt] ( wor%ip is a law unto itself4 ,responsive read+s h be5 introduc$ 9 "s places1 & *oir responses aft] pray] 9 o!rs2 9 "s congregations ! p jo9 9 ! repetition ( ! ,cre$ & ! ,"l's ,pray]1 :ile 9 o!rs nei!r ( ^! is he>d2 9 "o ! collection has become a =mal (f]tory2 9 ano!r x af=ds an opportunity = ! r5dition ( a musical selection by ! *oir4 ,wor%ip 9 ?is great ,*ur* is at ! pres5t "t *>act]iz$ by ! abs5ce ( a desirable uni=mity1 :i* x 0 "o evid5t purpose ( ! ,directory to secure1 & 9 "s ( its congregations by ! use ( symbolism t occasionally becomes extravagant1 & :i* is calculat$ to appeal entirely to ! imag9ation1 ! result frequ5tly be+ a s]vice n atta9+ to t dignity :i* an au?oriz$ liturgy fo/]s1 :ile x sacrifices t simplicity 9 :i* ,presbyt]ians h be5 accu/om$ to glory4 ,! ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica1 ! result ( s _m happy unions1 has always reg>d$ simplicity 9 wor%ip z an end e>ne/ly to be desir$1 & wor?y ( all s]i\s ef=t to secure4 ,its influ5ce has1 !re=e1 be5 uni=mly 9 favor ( t avoidance ( =ms aga9/ :i* ! ,sec$]s ( ,scotl&1 :om x repres5ts on ?is cont95t1 s (t5 prote/$4 ,! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 ,s\?--t ,*ur* ^: hi/ory has be5 *>act]iz$ by a loyalty s unsw]v+ to ! doctr9al /&>ds ( ,presbyt]ianism1 by a _s s wisely aggressive 9 evangeli/ic & mission>y ef=t1 & by a m9i/ry s s*ol>ly & eloqu5t1 has1 9 ! matt] ( public wor%ip1 %[n z con/ant a fidelity to ! ,we/m9/] ,directory z 9 doctr9e x has %[n to ! ,confession ( ,fai?4 ,!re h be5 attempts made to introduce *anges look+ t[>ds ! adoption ( optional liturgical =ms1 b ^! h be5 few1 & !y h be5 reject$ 9 su* a way z to leave no room = d\bt z to ! m9d ( ! ,*ur* 9 ?is matt]4 ,! ,directory has be5 ably revis$1 b x /ill rema9s a ,directory1 sugge/ive & em95tly suitable to pres5t requirem5ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,s]i\s & p]sev]+ att5tion has be5 giv5 to ! praise s]vice1 & no less ?an ?ree ,hymnals h receiv$ & n[ enjoy ! ,*ur*'s imprimatur4 ,public wor%ip 9 ,div9e s]vice has reta9$ a mu* great] uni=mity among ! ,presbyt]ians ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ?an among _! bre?r5 9 ! ,nor?1 & !re has be5 less yield+ to ! popul> dem& = ^? features 9 wor%ip t appeal to ! imag9ation1 & :i* s (t5 s]ve to ent]ta9 r ?an to edify4 ,! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,canada1 ow+ to ! ties t b9d x to ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,old ,l&1 has closely foll[$ _! practice1 & its me?od 9 wor%ip has be5 *>act]iz$ by a simil> _s4 ,no au?oritative or m&atory =mulas h be5 impos$ ^u x1 nor does x seem likely t su* w\ld be receiv$ %\ld !y be propos$4 ,rev]5ce & dignity h 9 g5]al *>act]iz$ its public s]vices1 & yet 9 rec5t ye>s ^? *anges :i* h gradually be5 introduc$ into ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* 9 t "p ( ! ,am]ican ,republic ly+ contigu\s to ! ,dom9ion h made _! appe>ance 9 ,presbyt]ian wor%ip 9 ,canada4 ,! *ief result has be51 z 9 t ,*ur* also1 an un=tunate want ( uni=mity 9 ?is "p ( div9e s]vice4 ,!re has always be5 a con/ant & due reg>d paid to all p>ts ( wor%ip provid$ = 9 ! ,directory1 & ! neglect ( any ( ^! p>ts _c be s]i\sly *>g$ aga9/ any consid]able "p ( ! ,*ur*1 b congregations h frequ5tly consid]$ !mselves at lib]ty to *ange _! ord] & to v>y !m z circum/ances seem to dem&4 ,x is ?is feature z mu* z any t has 9 rec5t ye>s l$ to an agitation = ! improvem5t ( public wor%ip1 & t is call+ ! e>ne/ att5tion ( ! ,*ur* to a matt] ( supreme importance4 ,until v rec5tly !n1 all bran*es ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,briti% ,empire & ^? bodies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ^: /&>ds h be5 ^? ( ,we/m9/]1 h refus$ to recognize ! ne$ = any o!r =mula ( wor%ip ?an t1 or su* z t1 provid$ 9 ! ,directory4 ,& :]e any consid]able desire = *ange & improvem5t has be5 f\nd1 x has express$ itself usually z favorable to a revis$ ,directory r ?an z desir\s ( ! adoption by ! ,*ur* ( a liturgy1 h[ev] simple4 ,^? great sections ( ! ,*ur* :i* h be5 mo/ active 9 ! "w ( ,home & ,=eign ,evangelization1 a "w t has especially claim$ att5tion dur+ ?is c5tury1 h f\nd ! simple wor%ip ( our fa!rs well suit$ to ! cultivation ( ! spiritual life t mu/ ( necessity lie beh9d all su* ef=ts1 & to ! developm5t ( ! rev]5t & devotional _s s *>act]i/ic ( an aggressive ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,*ur* has be5 true to ! traditions & pr9ciples s loyally ma9ta9$ 9 ! days ( h] h]oic /ruggles 9 ! pa/1 & along ^! l9es %e has f\nd 9 h] public wor%ip bless+ & inspiration = h] peaceful toils1 ev5 z our fa!rs 9 _! day f\nd 9 simil> wor%ip /r5g? & reviv$ c\rage ) :i* to meet _! difficulties & to endure p]secution4 ,mod]n ,movem5ts 9 ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*es ,respect+ ,public ,wor%ip4 ,all :o desire to manife/ an intellig5t appreciation ( :at is di/9ctive 9 ,presbyt]ian ritual w\ld d well to gu>d aga9/ atta*+ undue importance1 or adh]+ too t5aci\sly1 to details ( a pa/ or pres5t usage1 z if ^! con/itut$ ! ess5tials f :i* !re mu/ nev] be ! smalle/ deviation1 ( :i* !re may nev] be ! slighte/ modification or adaptation to alt]$ acquirem5ts & circum/ances4--,mc,c,r,i,e4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,mod]n ,movem5ts 9 ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*es ,respect+ ,public ,wor%ip4 ,! e>lie/ indication ( any g5]al desire 9 ,scotl& = a m elaborate s]vice ?an t 9 g5]al use 9 ! ,*ur* at ! "t ( ! ,revolution 0 se5 9 ! proposal to enl>ge ! ,psalmody & to improve ! ,s]vice ( ,praise4 ,z e>ly z #agac ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& call$ ! att5tion ( congregations to ! necessity t exi/$ = a m dec5t p]=mance ( ! public praise ( ,god1 9 a recomm5dation t 0 exce$+ly desirable & necess>y if ! acc\nts ( ! s]vice ( praise at t "t are to be believ$4 ,?is 0 foll[$1 n long aft]w>d1 by ! introduction ( p>aphrases1 /yl$ ,songs ( ,scripture1 & lat] ( hymns1 & f9ally ( in/rum5tal music4 ,9 ?is matt] ( ! improvem5t ( wor%ip 9 ! dep>tm5t ( praise1 ! ,secession ,*ur*es 9 sev]al cases 7 m =w>d ?an ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 ! reviv$ int]e/ 9 religion & wor%ip :i* _h be5 9 a measure ! cause ( _! exi/5ce l5d+ itself to su* measures4 ,9 all sections ( ! ,*ur* ! conflict conc]n+ praise 9 wor%ip 0 = a long p]iod prosecut$ ) an en]gy t frequ5tly arose to bitt]ness4 ,! vex$ que/ions ( hymn-s++ & ! use ( in/rum5ts 9 ,*ur*es be+ settl$1 !re foll[$1 or p]haps x may be said !re arose out ( ^!1 ! fur!r "q ( ! elaboration & improvem5t ( o!r p>ts ( wor%ip4 ,9 #aheh ! ,assembly ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& recomm5d$ to congregations t 7 )\t a m9i/]1 ! use 9 wor%ip ( a book prep>$ by its au?ority1 9 :i* 7 embodi$ ! pray]s ( ! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 toge!r ) mu* mat]ial f ! ,directory ( ,wor%ip4 ,?is action on ! "p ( ! ,*ur* 0 reg>d$ by "s z indicat+ ! exi/5ce ( a _s :i* w>rant$ ! =mation ( ,! ,*ur* ,s]vice ,society4 ,?is ,society 0 =m$ by c]ta9 m9i/]s ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* :o 7 /rongly impress$ ) ! desirability ( ! adoption by ! ,*ur* ( c]ta9 au?oriz$ =ms ( pray] = public wor%ip1 & ( ! use ( prescrib$ =ms 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,by ! publication ( its con/itution1 9 :i* x ann\nc$ its object z ,! ,/udy ( ! ,liturgies anci5t & mod]n ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ) a view to ! prep>ation & ultimate publication ( c]ta9 =ms ( pray] = public wor%ip1 & s]vices = ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts1 ! celebration ( ,m>riage1 ! ,burial ( ! ,dead1 etc41 x v e>ly ar\s$ vigor\s opposition on ! "p ( _m :o saw 9 its organization an evid5t int5tion to introduce into ! ,*ur* a liturgical s]vice4 ,su* a purpose ! ,society emphatically disav[$1 & insi/$ t !re 0 no desire on ! "p ( its memb]s to encroa* ^u ! simplicity ( ,presbyt]ian wor%ip1 b claim$ r ! desire to r$eem ! same f lifelessness & lack ( a devotional _s ) :i* !y decl>$ x is s likely to be *>act]iz$4 ,s effectively h ! fe>s ( ^? :o fir/ utt]$ _! objections be5 allay$1 t ! ,society is said to comprise 9 its memb]%ip1 at ! pres5t "t1 m ?an "o-?ird ( ! orda9$ m9i/]s ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4 ,! results ( ?is ,society's labors h be5 publi%$ 9 a volume :i* is n[ 9 its sev5? edition4 ,x is a book ( m ?an #djj pages1 & is entitl$1 ,eu*ologion--,a ,book ( ,common ,ord]4 ,its cont5ts seem to h>monize m ) ! views :i* 7 *>g$ aga9/ ! orig9ators ( ! ,society at its comm5cem5t ?an ) ! def5ce :i* 0 put =w>d 9 its behalf at t "t4 ,al?\gh widely us$ x has no (ficial sanction ( ! ,*ur*1 &1 !re=e1 x is n necess>y to ent] into any close analysis ( its cont5ts4 ,briefly1 h[ev]1 x may be said1 x is a liturgy mu* m closely approximat+ to ! ,engli% ,book ( ,common ,pray] ?an to ,knox's ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 or to ! ritual ( any ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*es ( ! ,cont95t1 ) :i* its projectors decl>e !mselves to be m 9 sympa?y ?an ) ! ,episcopal ,communion ( ,engl&4 ,! fir/ "p comprises1 9 addition to prescrib$ daily ,scripture read+s & read+s = e ,sunday ( ! ye>1 ! ,ord] ( ,div9e ,s]vice = morn+ & ev5+ = ! five sev]al ,sundays ( ! mon?2 9 ?is ,ord] are conta9$ special =ms ( pray]1 responses to be us$ by ! congregation1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 to be repeat$ by m9i/] & congregation toge!r1 & ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 :i* is to be ei!r said or sung4 ,9 ! second "p1 :i* conta9s additional mat]ials = daily & o!r s]vices1 ! fir/ place is giv5 to ! ,litany1 :i* is an exact transcript ( t ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ) ! exception ( a *ange 9 "o petition1 r5d]$ necess>y by ! diff]5ce 9 ! =ms ( gov]nm5t 9 ! two ,*ur*es4 ,a numb] ( pray]s = special graces1 collects & pray]s = special seasons & additional =ms ( s]vice are add$4 ,! pray]s = special seasons h reg>d to our ,"l's adv5t1 ! ,inc>nation1 ,palm ,sunday1 ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 etc4 ,! la/ section ( ! book provides =ms ( s]vice = ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts1 visitation ( ! sick1 m>riage1 burial1 ord9ation1 etc4 ,9 ! =m = ! visitation ( ! sick a responsive s]vice is provid$1 z also 9 ! ord] = ,holy ,communion4 ,on ! :ole x is probably n too mu* to ass]t t ,eu*ologion--a ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 issu$ by ! ,*ur* ,s]vice ,society1 is decid$ly m liturgical 9 =m ?an 0 ! un=tunate ,laud's ,liturgy1 :i* rais$ aga9/ itself & its projectors su* a vigor\s prote/ on ! "p ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,foll[+ ! organization ( ! ,society ref]r$ to1 came "o 9 connection ) ! ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* call$ ,! ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian ,devotional ,association1 hav+ = its object to promote ! edify+ conduct ( ! devotional s]vices ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is ,society decl>es its will+ness to pr(it f ! wor%ip ( o!r ,*ur*es besides ! ,presbyt]ian1 b at ! same "t ass]ts its loyalty to ! pr9ciples & hi/ory ( ,presbyt]ianism4 ,! =ms publi%$ 9 its book1 ,presbyt]ian ,=ms ( ,s]vice1 are n int5d$ to be us$ liturgically1 b ! purpose is t !y %\ld furni% examples & s]ve z illu/rations ( ! rev]5t & seemly conduct ( public wor%ip4 ,! late/ book to be issu$ on ^! l9es is ,a ,new ,directory = ! ,public ,wor%ip ( ,god2 ?is "n is fur!r enl>g$ by ! foll[+ description1 :i* provides a suffici5t index to its cont5ts3 ,f\nd$ on ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] 7#aefj-fd7 & ! ,we/m9/] ,directory 7#afdc-de7 & prep>$ by ! ,public ,wor%ip ,association 9 ,connection ) ! ,free ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,?is book foll[s 9 g5]al ! =m & me?od ( ! ,directory1 c>efully avoid+ ! provision ( ev5 an optional liturgy4 ,! =m :i* x has assum$1 t ( a simple ,directory ( ,wor%ip1 0 adopt$ aft] long discussion 9 ! ,association on ^! f\r que/ions1 ,! desirabl5ess ( an optional liturgy z di/+ui%$ f a ,directory ( ,public ,wor%ip2 ,! ,desirabl5ess ( a ,responsive ,s]vice1 su* a s]vice to include ! use by ! p ) ! m9i/] ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! ,cre$1 ! ,beatitudes1 ! ,comm&m5ts1 etc42 ,! desirabl5ess ( ! ,collect =m ( pray] & ( ,responses 9 g5]al1 & ,! desirabl5ess ( ! celebration ( ! ,*ri/ian ye>4 ,aft] long & exhau/ive debate on ! above que/ions ! book has be5 issu$ 9 its pres5t =m z a simple ,directory ( ,wor%ip1 responses & ! celebration ( ! ,*ri/ian ye> & ev5 an optional liturgy hav+ be5 reject$ z undesirable4 ,ord]s ( s]vice are sugge/$1 z well = public wor%ip z = ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts & = special s]vices1 & sugge/ions at great l5g? are (f]$ conc]n+ :at %\ld f9d a place 9 ! pray]s ( ,invocation1 ,?anksgiv+1 ,confession1 ,petition1 ,int]cession & ,illum9ation4 ,a few hi/oric pray]s ( em95t sa9ts ( ,god are includ$ z examples1 & l>ge quotations are made = ! same purpose f ,knox's ,book ( ,common ,ord] & f ,h]mann's ,consultation1 & f ?is la/ s\rce ,a ,litany = ,special ,days ( ,pray] is add$ 9 an ,app5dix4 ,if ! ,eu*ologion indicates a /rong t5d5cy on ! "p ( ! ,*ur* ,s]vice ,society t[>ds ! introduction ( a responsive & liturgical s]vice into public wor%ip1 ! ,new ,directory ( ,public ,wor%ip indicates j z /rongly a t5d5cy )9 ! ,public ,wor%ip ,association to avoid ! introduction ( ev5 optional =ms & to reta9 ! simplicity t has = ?ree c5turies *>act]iz$ ,presbyt]ian wor%ip4 ,! attempts to revise ! ,directory ( ,wor%ip 9 ord] to modify & adapt x to pres5t-day requirem5ts made rec5tly by ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & by ! ,f$]at$ ,*ur*es ( ,au/ralia & ,tasmania1 h already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,t ^! ,*ur*es h conf9$ _! ef=ts to a revision ( ! ,directory1 & h 9 ?is ass]t$ _! approval ( a ,directory ( ,wor%ip r ?an ( a liturgy1 is 9 itself an in/ructive fact4 ,9 ! revis$ ,directory ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ,engl& "s *anges are made 9 ! direction ( secur+ = ! p a l>g] "p 9 audible wor%ip4 ,! repetition ( ! ,cre$ is p]mitt$1 & :]e us$ is to be repeat$ by ! m9i/] & p toge!r2 x is recomm5d$ z seemly t ! p aft] e pray] %\ld audibly say ,am51 & ! ,"l's ,pray]1 :i* %\ld be uni=mly us$1 is to be said by all4 ,! "w ( revision by ! ,*ur*es ( ,au/ralia & ,tasmania introduces few] *anges4 ,9 ! adm9i/ration ( ,! ,"l's ,supp] x is recomm5d$ t at ! close ( ! ,consecration ,pray] ! m9i/] recite ! ,apo/les ,cre$ z a brief summ>y ( ,*ri/ian ,fai?1 & :5 ! ,"l's ,pray] is us$1 z advis$ be=e or aft] ! pray] ( int]cession1 ! p may be invit$ to jo9 audibly or to add ,am54 ,wor?y ( m ext5d$ notice ?an ! limits ( ?is *apt] w p]mit is ,! ,book ( ,*ur* ,ord] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z e>ly z #ahfd a proposal 0 made 9 ,assembly to revise ! ,we/m9/] ,directory ( ,wor%ip = ! purpose n only ( r5d]+ x m suitable to ! requirem5ts ( ! "t1 b 9 ord] also to s modify & improve x z to increase its sugge/iv5ess & helpfulness to m9i/]s4 ,! "w 0 und]tak5 by a committee appo9t$ 9 #ahgi1 & 9 #ahid ?is committee pres5t$ its =mal report1 :i* 0 adopt$1 & ! revis$ ,directory 0 ord]$ to be publi%$4 ,x conta9s sixte5 *apt]s1 treat+ ( all ! matt]s treat$ 9 ! orig9al ,directory1 & conta9+ 9 addition sugge/ive *apt]s on ,sabba? ,s*ools1 ,pray] ,meet+s1 ,secret & ,family ,wor%ip1 & ,! ,admission ( ,p]sons to ,seal+ ,ord9ances4 ,respect+ ! public read+ ( ,holy ,scripture ! revis$ ,directory decl>es x to be a "p ( ! public wor%ip ( ,god1 & t x ought to be p]=m$ by ! m9i/] or "s o!r au?oriz$ p]son4 ,( public pray]1 aft] indicat+ its diff]5t p>ts1 & sugge/+ ! place t x %\ld occupy 9 ! s]vice1 ! m9d ( ! ,*ur* is ?us express$3 ,b we ?9k x necess>y to obs]ve t1 al?\gh we d n approve1 z is well kn[n1 ( conf9+ m9i/]s to set or fix$ =ms ( pray] = public wor%ip1 yet x is ! indisp5sable duty ( e m9i/]1 previ\sly to 8 ent]+ on 8 (fice1 to prep>e & qualify himself = ?is "p ( 8 duty1 z well z = prea*+4 ,9 ! *apt]s on ! adm9i/ration ( baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] p>ticul> directions are giv51 & que/ions suitable to be ask$ ( ! p>5ts ( *ildr5 pres5t$ = baptism are sugge/$1 :ile 9 ! directions = ! admission ( p]sons to seal+ ord9ances1 an important di/9ction is drawn betwe5 ! reception ( baptiz$ *ildr5 ( ! ,*ur* & t ( ^? :o1 on confession ( _! fai?1 are at t "t fir/ receiv$4 ,to ! ,directory !re are add$ optional =ms = use at a m>riage s]vice & at a fun]al s]vice4 ,! book is n elaborate1 & may be ?\ght by _m to be f> f compreh5sive z a ,directory1 b x is sugge/ive & helpful1 &1 :ile true to ! pr9ciples ( ,presbyt]ian wor%ip1 x gives no evid5ce ( disreg>d = ! beauty & appropriat5ess t %\ld *>act]ize ! public s]vices ( ! ,*ur*4 ,among books ( ,*ur* ord] x is well wor? /udy by ^? :o desire 9 wor%ip to comb9e simplicity ) dignity4 ,x is evid5t f ^! rec5t & simultane\s movem5ts 9 s _m bran*es ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 t !re exi/s a feel+ on ! "p ( _m t !re is ne$ ( improvem5t 9 ! important dep>tm5t ( wor%ip 9 our public s]vices4 ,x is probable t !re w be f\nd few to d5y ?is1 or to confess absolute satisfaction ) ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* to-day4 ,! "q on :i* _m w hold widely div]g5t op9ions is z to ! means to be adopt$ = its improvem5t4 ,"s !re are1 z 9 ! ,*ur* ,s]vice ,society1 :o advocate a prescrib$ liturgy = at lea/ c]ta9 p>ts ( public wor%ip2 o!rs1 :o desire a liturgy1 b :o are cont5t to leave to congregations or to m9i/]s fre$om to use x or to disreg>d x2 /ill o!rs are loyal to ! _s ( ! age :i* produc$ ! ,we/m9/] ,directory1 :ile !y are at ! same "t will+ to revise t "w1 :i* 0 f\nd s s]viceable to ! ,*ur* = s long a p]iod1 & s to r5d] x m suitable to ! dem&s ( our own age4 ,if a judgm5t may be =m$ f ! movem5ts t h j be5 review$1 x is probable t at lea/ = "s "t to come1 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* w cont9ue to walk 9 ! pa?s t h become famili> ?r\gh long usage4 ,! age1 x is true1 is pa/ :5 dictation on ?is matt]1 ei!r favor+ or condemn+ a liturgy1 w\ld be suff]$2 &1 !re=e1 x is to be expect$ t congregations w ex]cise lib]ty 9 ! matt]4 ,yet1 s f> z ! g5]al s5tim5t ( ! ,*ur* is conc]n$1 a s5tim5t t w d\btless f "t to "t f9d expression 9 (ficial decl>ations1 x appe>s evid5t t ! prepond]at+ feel+ is /ill /rongly 9 favor ( a volunt>y wor%ip1 unre/rict$ ev5 by sugge/$ =ms4 ,conclusion4 ,a con/ant =m is a c]ta9 way to br+ ! s\l to a cold1 ins5sible1 =mal wor%ip4--,,baxt]4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,conclusion4 ,! =ego+ brief review ( public wor%ip )9 ^? influ5tial sections ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ^: attitude on ?is "q has be5 exam9$1 af=ds a suffici5t gr\nd = ! ass]tion t ^? bodies h %[n1 until rec5tly1 a uni=m & /eadily gr[+ suspicion ( a liturgical s]vice1 ev5 9 its mo/ modifi$ =m4 ,! ,book ( ,common ,ord]1 ! fir/ (ficial s]vice book adopt$ by ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& = ! regulation ( its wor%ip1 m>k$ a di/9ct advance t[>ds a fre] =m & great] lib]ty on ! "p ( ! m9i/] 9 conduct+ ,div9e s]vice4 ,z comp>$ n only ) ! ,engli% ,pray] ,book ( ! "t1 :i* 0 us$ 9 ,re=m$ p>i%es 9 ,scotl&1 b ev5 ) ,calv9's ord] ( wor%ip1 :i* _h be5 s g5]ally adopt$ by ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*es on ! ,cont95t1 ?is ,book ( ,common ,ord] 0 *>act]iz$ by a _s ( l>g] lib]ty 9 wor%ip & less reliance ^u =ms ei!r sugge/$ or impos$4 ,9 ! p]iod ( /ruggle ?r\gh :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& pass$ 9 ! reigns ( ,james ! ,fir/ & ,*>les ! ,fir/1 ! conflicts1 civil & religi\s1 only s]v$1 s f> z !y _h any effect ^u ! views ( ! ,*ur* conc]n+ wor%ip1 to /r5g!n ! already /rong opposition to prescrib$ =ms ( pray] & to rituali/ic obs]vances4 ,accord+ly1 :5 x 0 propos$ to sub/itute = ! ,book ( ,common ,ord] a ,directory1 9 :i* !re %\ld appe> no prescrib$ =ms = any "p ( public wor%ip1 ! ,scot* ,assembly gave a ready ass5t to ! proposal1 &1 al?\gh "s words ( regret at p>t+ ) an hi/oric symbol 7 spok5 at t "t by lead]s 9 ! ,scotti% ,*ur*1 !y 7 only su* z x 0 natural to expect %\ld be spok5 9 view ( ! /rong atta*m5t = t symbol fo/]$ by its use dur+ _m ye>s1 b !y 7 n su* z indicate t ^? :o s spoke felt !mselves call$ ^u to surr5d] any pr9ciple 9 lay+ aside ! ord] to :i* !y _h be5 s long accu/om$4 ,inde$ ! he>ty & *e]ful adoption by ! ,scotti% ,assembly ( ! /rongly word$ preface to ! ,we/m9/] ,directory1 expos+ z x does s vigor\sly ! weakness z well z ! dang]s result+ f ! use ( a liturgy 9 public wor%ip1 pla9ly indicates t 9 ! judgm5t ( ! ,*ur* ( t day ! use ( liturgical =ms 0 n only n helpful1 b 0 positively p]il\s1 z well to ! be/ int]e/s ( ! congregation z to ! mo/ effici5t s]vice ( ! m9i/]4 ,aga9 9 a ?ird epo* ( ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory1 9 ! days foll[+ ! kill+ "t1 & m>k$ by ! succession to ! ?rone ( ,william ( ,orange1 & lat] by ! union ( ,engl& & ,scotl&1 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ! latt] c\ntry n only reass]t$ h] loyalty to ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty 9 wor%ip :i* %e _h s long def5d$1 b %e also succe$$ 9 hav+ secur$ to h] by legislation1 fre$om f ! imposition ( rituali/ic =ms4 ,x is at lea/ all[able to ass]t t ! lead]s 9 ! ,scotti% ,*ur* 9 ! days ( ! ,we/m9/] ,assembly & at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 reg>d$ ! p]fect lib]ty 9 wor%ip all[$ by ! ,directory n only z scriptural1 b z suitable = ! atta9m5t ( ! great ends ( public wor%ip1 = on no o!r gr\nds w\ld !y h cons5t$ to its adoption 9 ,scotl&4 ,& if ,presbyt]ians ( to-day desire to imitate ! _s & me?ods ( _! ance/ors1 x is reasonable t !y %\ld /udy ! example ( ! m5 ( ! second ,re=mation4 ,!re is good gr\nd = claim+ t 9 no p]iod ( ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory did x give evid5ce ( a deep] spiritual life & a m aggressive en]gy ?an 9 ! age 9 :i* ^? h]oic spirits liv$4 ,! lead]s 9 t day also1 su* m5 z ,h5d]son1 ,gillespie1 ,ru!r=d & ,baillie1 und]/ood ! _s ( ,presbyt]ianism & ! ne$ ( ! ,*ur* q z fully z did any lead]s ( ei!r an e>li] or a lat] day4 ,x is n to be =gott5 t1 9 an age t produc$ m5 ^: names mu/ nev] be omitt$ :5 ! roll ( ,scotl&'s greate/ sons is call$1 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* /ood firmly = absolute lib]ty 9 wor%ip f prescrib$ =ms4 ,x %\ld1 !re=e1 be consid]$ by ^? :o w\ld h ! ,*ur* return to ! bondage ( =ms or ev5 to _! optional use1 t !y are advocat+ n a return to ! practice ( any =m] p]iod 9 :i* ! ,*ur* 0 free to ex]cise its own desire 9 ?is matt]1 b r t !y are urg+ h] to a c\rse t w be :olly antagoni/ic to ! _s ( ,presbyt]ianism z indicat$ by ! tr5d ( its practice dur+ a /irr+ & ev5tful hi/ory ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,! _s ( ,presbyt]ian wor%ip has be5 consi/5tly & p]si/5tly non-liturgical & anti-rituali/ic1 & to advocate ! adoption ( liturgy & ritual to-day is to dep>t completely f t hi/oric attitude4 ,a few words on ! subject ( liturgies 9 g5]al may n inappropriately close ?is sket* ( ! hi/ory ( ,presbyt]ian wor%ip s9ce ! ,re=mation4 ,x is n[ g5]ally ackn[l$g$ t ! introduction ( liturgies into ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 n e>li] ?an ! latt] "p ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,n until ! presbyt] _h become a prie/1 & wor%ip _h deg5]at$ into a function1 did liturgies f9d a place 9 ,*ri/ian s]vice4 ,ev5 ! e>lie/ ,ori5tal liturgies 7 sacram5t>ies1 ! ,*ri/ian sacrifice be+ ! c5tral object ar\nd :i* ! entire s]vice ga!r$4 ,s long z ! life ( ! ,*ur* 0 /rong1 & 9 its /r5g? f\nd delight 9 a fre$om ( approa* to ,god1 s long ! ,apo/olic practice 0 foll[$ & wor%ip 0 unre/rict$ & simple4 ,dur+ ! middle ages1 z religion became ev] m =mal & less spiritual1 z ! prie/hood det]iorat$ intellectually & spiritually1 liturgies fl\ri%$2 & x is n too mu* to ass]t t j 9 proportion to ! gr[? ( ! liturgical s]vice 9 any ,*ur*1 9 t proportion ! p[] ( its m9i/ry has decl9$4 ,inde$ ! :ole hi/ory ( liturgies 9 _! orig91 developm5t1 & effects1 %\ld make ! ,*ur* t rejoices 9 fre$om f _! b9d+ =ms mo/ c>eful ere submitt+ 9 any degree to _! p>alyz+ influ5ce4 ,x is argu$ 9 favor ( ! introduction ( =ms ( pray] t _! use w\ld t5d to ! m ord]ly & dignifi$ conduct+ ( public wor%ip by ! m9i/]4 ,x is n a difficult matt] to take exception to me?ods to :i* we h long be5 accu/om$1 & to comp>e ^!1 sometimes to _! disadvantage1 ) ideal conditions4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 x may 9 all fairness be ask$1 does disord] or irrev]5ce *>act]ize ,presbyt]ian wor%ip 9 g5]al1 or inde$ to any noticeable ext5t8 ,:atev] lov]s ( ano!r sy/em1 )9 our own ,*ur*1 may say1 x _c be d5i$ t ! impression 9 ! m9ds ( m5 ( all d5om9ations 7an impression t has n ga9$ /r5g? )\t cause7 is t1 comp>$ ) ! wor%ip ( any o!r d5om9ation1 t ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* is *>act]iz$ by rev]5ce1 dignity & ord]4 ,! conduct ( any av]age congregation 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & ! he>t9ess ) :i* its memb]s jo9 9 e "p ( public wor%ip w appe> at no disadvantage :5 comp>$ ) t ( a congregation wor%ipp+ ) a ritual4 ,:atev] o!r bless+s a liturgy may secure = ^? devot$ to its use1 x has nev] be5 able to develop 9 ! ,*ur*es :]e x is employ$ a _s & conduct 9 public wor%ip z rev]5t & devotional1 & at ! same "t s m>k$ by und]/&+1 z t :i* has uni=mly *>act]iz$ ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & t ,*ur* w\ld h to ga9 v mu* 9 o!r directions to comp5sate = ! op5+ ( ! door to ! =mal & c>eless repetition ( holy words s (t5 associat$ ) ! use ( a liturgy4 ,x is fur!r argu$ t congregations w\ld1 ) ! aid ( a liturgy1 be enabl$ to take bo? a m lively & a m intellig5t "p 9 public pray] ?an !y c possibly d :5 endeavor+ to foll[ a m9i/] :o uses extempore pray] only4 ,?is argum5t mu/ appe> to be ( consid]able weight to ^? only :o =get h[ lifeless & unmean+ a m]e =m ( words1 ) :i* ! lips h gr[n famili>1 c become4 ,paley frankly admitt$1 :5 treat+ ( ?is matt]1 t ! p]petual repetition ( ! same =m ( words produces we>9ess & inatt5tiv5ess 9 ! congregation4 ,!re is a dang] t by c>elessness 9 consid]+ ! ne$s ( ! wor%ipp]s1 & by diffusiv5ess1 ! m9i/] may r5d] ! s]vice ( pray] f> less helpful ?an x %\ld be to ^? :om x is 8 privilege to lead to ! ?rone ( grace2 b ! cure = ?is is n to be f\nd 9 ! introduction ( /]eotyp$ =ms1 :i* 9 ! nature ( ! case _c be suitable = all occasions1 b 9 a due recognition by ! m9i/] ( ! greatness ( ! duty :i* he assumes 9 speak+ to ,god = ! p4 ,su* a recognition w lead him to seek t prep>ation ( he>t & m9d necess>y = its helpful p]=mance1 nor w 8 consci\sness ( ! ne$ ( help1 o!r ?an man c give1 g unrecogniz$ by ! ,fa!r ( ,spirits1 ,:o 9 ?is matt] also s5ds n ,8 s]vants at _! own *>ges4 ,z to ! unity 9 pray] s mu* desir$1 true pray] is 9 ! ,_s1 & e>ne/ wor%ipp]s h a "r to expect t _! he>ts w be unit$ by t ,_s at ! ?rone ( grace1 s t ) "o accord !y may pres5t _! petitions & claim ! promise to ^? :o are ?us agre$4 ,?is is ! true unity & uni=mity :i* ,*ri/ians are b\nd to seek1 & any m]e me*anical uni=mity ( words1 ap>t f ?is1 is b ! outw>d trapp+s ( =m :i* are mu* m liable to satisfy ! c>eless wor%ipp] ?an to inspire 9 him any ?\ght ( ! ne$ ( a m real approa* to ,god4 ,la/ly1 x is urg$ t ! responsive read+ ( ! ,scriptures w\ld prove an aid to ! intellig5t und]/&+ ( !m1 & t ! repetition ( ! ,cre$ or o!r su* =mul>y ( doctr9e w\ld s]ve to pres]ve ! ,*ur* 9 ! s\ndness ( ! fai?4 ,! refutation ( ! fir/ /atem5t is to be f\nd 9 _m congregations :]e ! practice has be5 tri$1 & 9 ,sabba? ,s*ools 9 :i* ! cu/om n[ prevails4 ,_m !re are :o w n read1 o!rs :o _c1 & ^! fail entirely to pr(it f ! un9telligible hum ( a numb] ( voices read+ 9 :at is (t5 any?+ b h>mony ei!r ( s\nd or "t2 & ^? :o d read1 frequ5tly fail to receive t cle> impression ( ! tru? t %\ld result f ! effective & sympa!tic read+ ( an entire passage4 ,)\t dwell+ on ! "q :e!r ! read+ ( ! ,scriptures is to be reg>d$ z prop]ly a m9i/]ial act or n1 on ! simple gr\nd ( effici5cy1 responsive read+ 9 l>ge & con/antly-*ang+ congregations mu/ frequ5tly1 if n g5]ally1 prove a failure4 ,z reg>ds ! repetition ( ! ,cre$ by ! congregation1 x is c]ta9ly a "q op5 = discussion :e!r or n ! frequ5t repetition ( a =mul>y ( doctr9e is a safegu>d to ! fai? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ?is matt] also we are n )\t ! light ( exp]i5ce & hi/ory2 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*es ( ,scotl& & ,am]ica1 :i* h nev] adopt$ any su* practice1 h c]ta9ly a record ) respect to s\ndness 9 ! fai? :i* comp>es favorably ) t ( ,*ur*es :i* h = ages adopt$ ?is z a cu/om 9 _! wor%ip4 ,x w\ld n be difficult to m5tion ,*ur*es 9 :i* ! repetition ( a =mul>y ( doctr9e has long be5 an e/abli%$ "q1 & 9 :i* x is n app>5t t ! practice has successfully s]v$ z a safegu>d to doctr9e4 ,comp>isons are odi\s1 & we d n desire to in/itute !m1 b z wise m5 we %\ld surely be guid$ by ! light :i* hi/ory & exp]i5ce 9 ! pa/ ?r[s =w>d ^u ! pa?way t we are to travel4 ,! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* has a hi/ory :i* may ) reason cause all h] *ildr5 to ?ank ,god & take c\rage z !y look =w>d on great] works ?an ^? ( pa/ days yet to be accompli%$4 ,h] pa/ is ri* 9 noble de$s1 valiant te/imonies & /irr+ /ruggles = ! tru?1 & ?r\gh x all %e press$ =w>d rejoic+ 9 a lib]ty :i* is insep>able f ! pr9ciples ( ,presbyt]ianism1 & "o product ( :i* has ev] be5 an unwill+ness to be trammel$ by =ms 9 h] approa* to ,god4 ,t hi/ory is su* z ne$ cause no ,presbyt]ian to blu% :5 x is relat$ side by aide ) t ( any o!r ,*ur*2 surely !y mu/ be bold s\ls :o w\ld propose to introduce a radical *ange into ! g5ius ( ,presbyt]ianism1 or to rel9qui% pr9ciples :i* h l$ to su* success1 = o!rs t h yet to %[ an equal vitality & vigor4 ,our free & untrammel$ wor%ip dem&s f ! wor%ipp] 8 be/2 x br+s him face to face ) 8 ,god1 & =bids him to re/ 9 any m]e repetition ( a famili> =m2 x requires ( ! m9i/] a prep>ation ( bo? m9d & s\l1 & *all5ges him to spiritual conflict :i* he d>e n refuse1 :ile 9 addition to all ?is its v fre$om r5d]s x adaptable to all ! v>y+ circum/ances 9 :i* 9 a l& l our own ! wor%ip ( ,god mu/ be conduct$4 ,x is suitable alike to ! /ately city *ur* & to ! humble cab9 ( ! settl]1 or to ! mission h\se ( ! f> ,we/2 :]ev] m5 assemble = wor%ip x af=ds ! possibility = seemly1 ord]ly & rev]5t proc$ure4 ,is !re any o!r =m ( wor%ip sugge/$ = :i* z mu* c be said8 ,z long z ! m9i/]s ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* are m5 ( ,god1 recogniz+ ,8 call to ! sacr$ (fice ( ! m9i/ry1 & believ+ t ^? :om ,he calls ,he equips ) ne$$ grace & gifts = _! "w1 s long w !y be able to lead ! congregations to :i* !y m9i/] 9 wor%ip t %all be at once honor+ to ,god & a help to ! spiritual life ( ! p3 :5 !y cease to be su* m5 =ms may become1 n only exp$i5t1 b ess5tial4