,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,images tak5 f ! #ahfa edition1 f\nd at ,books4,google4com41 are ! s\rce ( ! text us$ = ?is ebook4 ,?is orig9al book 0 f ,h>v>d ,univ]sity & digitiz$ 9 #bjjf4 ,uncle> or miss+ punctuation m>ks 7 correct$ by ref]5ce to ! #ahef edition ( ?is "w4 ,! ,lat9 diph?ong oe is express$ by oe4 ,greek words are directly translit]at$ us+ ! ,engli% equival5ts ( ! ,greek2 ! ,greek eta is translit]at$ z & omega z 4 ,diacritic m>ks are omitt$ ) ! exception ( ! initial h>d brea?+ m>k :i* is indicat$ by an h be=e ! initial v[el ( ! ^w4 ,hebrew words1 :i* 9 ?is book are ma9ly repres5t$ )\t ! v[el & pronunciation po9ts1 are transcrib$ z foll[s3 ,alef a ,lahm$ l ,bet b ,mem m 7f9al ,m7 ,gimel g ,nun n 7f9al ,n7 ,dalet d ,samekh s ,he h ,ahy9 i ,vav v ,peh p 7f9al ,p7 ,zay9 z ,tsadi c 7f9al ,c7 ,het ,h ,q( q ,tet ,t ,re% r ,yod i ,%9 w ,kahf k 7f9al ,k7 ,tav t ,pg i ,,cl>k',s ,,=eign ,,!ological ,,libr>y ,,new ,,s]ies4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,h5g/5b]g's ,*ri/ology ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,ed9burgh3 ,t4 ,t4 ,,cl>k1 #ch1 ,,george ,,/reet4 ,,london3 ,j4 ,,gladd+2 ,,w>d ,,& ,,co42 ,,& ,,jackson ,,& ,,wal=d ,,dubl93 ,,john ,,rob]tson ,,mdccclxi4 ,pg ii ,blank ,page ,pg iii ,,*ri/ology ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t1 ,,& ,a ,,comm5t>y ,,on ,,! ,,messianic ,,pr$ictions ,,by ,e4 ,w4 ,,h5g/5b]g1 ,,dr4 ,,& ,,pr(4 ,,( ,,!ol4 ,,9 ,,b]l94 ,,second ,,edition ,,greatly ,,improv$4 ,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,g]man ,,by ,,! ,,! ,,rev4 ,,!odore ,,mey]4 ,,hebrew ,,tutor ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,college1 ,,ed9burgh4 ,,volume ,,ii4 ,,ed9burgh3 ,t4 ,,& ,t4 ,,cl>k1 #ch1 ,,george ,,/reet4 ,,london3 ,,hamilton1 ,,adams1 ,,& ,,co42 ,,simpk91 ,,m>%all1 ,,& ,,co42 ,,w>d ,,& ,,co42 ,,jackson ,,& ,,wal=d1 ,,etc4 ,,dubl93 ,,john ,,rob]tson1 ,,& ,,hodges ,,& ,,smi?4 ,,mdccclxi4 ,pg iv ,,notice4 ,?is ,"w is copyright 9 ?is c\ntry by arrangem5t ) ! ,au?or4 ,pg v ,,li/ ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,,messianic ,,pr$ictions ,,9 ,,! ,,prophets4 ,,! ,,prophet ,,isaiah4 ,g5]al ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks1 #a ,*ap4 ii4-iv4--,! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l1 #aj ,*ap4 vii4--,immanuel1 #bf ,*ap4 viii4 #bc-;ix4 #f--,unto u a ,*ild is born1 #ff ,*ap4 ix4 #a-g1 #ge ,*ap4 xi41 xii4--,! ,twig ( ,jesse1 #id ,on ,mat!w ii4 #bc1 #ajf ,*ap4 xii41 #acc ,*aps4 xiii4 #a-xiv4 #bg1 #ace ,*aps4 xvii41 xviii41 #acg ,*ap4 xix41 #ada ,*ap4 xxiii4--,! ,burd5 ^u ,tyre1 #adf ,*aps4 xxiv4-xxvii41 #adi ,*aps4 xxviii4-xxxiii41 #aed ,*ap4 xxxv41 #aeh ,g5]al ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks on ,*aps1 xl4-lxvi41 #afc ,*ap4 xlii4 #a-i1 #aif ,*ap4 xlix4 #a-i1 #bbf ,*ap4 #a4 #d-aa1 #bdf ,*ap4 li4 #af1 #bef ,*aps4 lii4 #ac-liii4 #ab1 #bei ,i4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,int]pretation4 ,a4 ,) ! ,jews1 #caa ,b4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,int]pretation ) ! ,*ri/ians1 #cai ,,ii4 ,! ,argum5ts aga9/ ! ,messianic ,int]pretation1 #cbg ,,iii4 ,! ,argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ! ,messianic ,int]pretation1 #ccj ,,iv4 ,exam9ation ( ! ,non-,messianic ,int]pretation1 #ccd ,*ap4 lv4 #a-e1 #cdc ,*ap4 lxi4 #a-c1 #cea ,,! ,,prophet ,,zephaniah1 #cef ,,! ,,prophet ,,j]emiah4 ,g5]al ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks1 #cfb ,*ap4 iii4 #ad-ag1 #cgc ,*ap4 xxiii4 #a-h1 #cih ,*ap4 xxxi4 #ca-dj1 #dbd ,*ap4 xxxiii4 #ad-bf1 #dei ,pg vi ,blank ,page ,pg #a ,,! ,,prophet ,,isaiah4 ,,g5]al ,,prelim9>y ,,rem>ks4 ,isaiah is ! pr9cipal prophetical figure 9 ! fir/ p]iod ( canonical prophetism1 i4e41 ! ,assyrian p]iod1 j z ,j]emiah is 9 ! second1 i4e41 ! ,babylonian4 ,) ,isaiah are connect$ 9 ! k+dom ( ,judah3 ,joel1 ,obadiah1 & ,micah2 9 ! k+dom ( ,israel3 ,hosea1 ,amos1 & ,jonah4 ,! "n ,isaiah signifies ! ,salvation ( ! ,"l4 ,9 ?is "n we h ! key-note ( 8 prophecies1 j z ! "n ,j]emiah3 ,! ,"l ca/s d[n1 indicates ! nature ( 8 prophecies1 9 :i* ! prevail+ elem5t is entirely ( a ?reat5+ "*4 ,t ! proclamation ( salvation occupies a v prom95t place 9 ,isaiah1 0 se5 ev5 by ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,j]ome says3 ,i %all exp\nd ,isaiah 9 su* a mann] t he %all appe> n z a prophet only1 b z an ,evangeli/ & an ,apo/le2 & 9 ano!r passage3 ,isaiah seems to me to h utt]$ n a prophecy b a ,gospel4 ,& ,augu/9e says1 ,de ,civ4 ,dei1 #ah1 c4 #bi1 t1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( _m1 ,isaiah1 on acc\nt ( 8 num]\s prophecies ( ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur*1 des]v$ ! "n ( an ,evangeli/ r ?an t ( a ,prophet4 ,:51 aft] 8 conv]sion1 ,augu/9e appli$ to ,ambrose ) ! "q1 :i* among ! ,sacr$ ,books he %\ld read 9 pref]5ce to all o!rs1 he propos$ to him ,isaiah1 because be=e all o!rs x 0 he :o _h m op5ly decl>$ ! ,gospel & ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles4 7,aug4 ,conf4 ix4 #e47 ,) ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* ,lu!r co9cides4 ,he says 9 comm5dation ( ,isaiah3 ,he is full ( lov+1 com=t+1 *e]+ words = all poor consci5ces1 & wret*$1 afflict$ he>ts4 ,( c\rse1 !re is 9 ,isaiah no want ( sev]e repro(s & ?reat5+s4 ,if x 7 ,pg #b o!rwise1 he w\ld h gone beyond ! b\nd>y by :i* true prophetism is sep>at$ f false4 ,!re is 9 x1 z ,lu!r says1 en\gh ( ?reat5+s & t]rors aga9/ ! h>d5$1 haughty1 obdurate heads ( ! wick$1 if x might be ( "s use4 ,b ! ?reat5+s nev] =m ! close 9 ,isaiah2 !y always at la/ run out into ! promise2 & :ile1 = example1 9 ! great majority ( ,j]emiah's prophecies1 ! promise1 :i* _c be want+ 9 any true prophet1 is commonly only %ort1 & h9t$ at1 sometimes consi/+ only ( words :i* are ?r[n into ! mid/ ( ! sev]al ?reat5+s1 e4 g41 iv4 #bg3 ,yet w ,i n make a full end1--9 ,isaiah ! /ream ( consolation fl[s 9 ! ri*e/ fulness4 ,! promise absolutely prevails 9 ! second "p1 f *ap4 xl4-lxvi4 ,! reason ( ?is peculi>ity is to be s\ght = *iefly 9 ! hi/orical circum/ances4 ,isaiah liv$ at a "t 9 :i*1 9 ! k+dom ( ,judah1 ! corruption 0 f> f hav+ already rea*$ its greate/ height1--9 :i* !re /ill exi/$1 9 t k+dom1 a num]\s election :i* ga!r$ r\nd ! prophet z _! spiritual c5tre4 ,) a view to ?is circle1 ,isaiah utt]s ! words3 ,com=t ye1 com=t ye my p4 ,! contempor>y prophets ( ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes1 :i* 0 poison$ 9 its v fir/ orig91 f\nd a diff]5t /ate ( ?+s2 ! field !re 0 already ripe = ! h>ve/ ( judgm5t4 ,& at ! "t ( ,j]emiah1 ,judah _h become l h] apo/ate si/]4 ,at t "t x 0 n s mu* ne$$ to com=t ! mis]able1 z to t]rify s9n]s 9 _! security4 ,x 0 only aft] ! wra? ( ,god _h manife/$ itself 9 de$s1 only aft] ! judgm5t ( ,god _h be5 execut$ ^u ,j]usalem1 or 0 imm$iately at h&1--x 0 only !n t1 9 ,j]emiah1 & s 9 ,ezekiel also1 ! /ream ( promise broke =? )\t h9d]ance4 ,*ronology is1 ?r\gh\t1 ! pr9ciple accord+ to :i* ! ,prophecies ( ,isaiah are arrang$4 ,9 ! fir/ six *apt]s1 we obta9 a survey ( ! ,prophet's m9i/ry "u ,uzziah & ,jo?am4 ,*ap4 vii4 to x4 #d belongs to ! "t ( ,ahaz4 ,f *ap4 x4 #d to ! close ( *ap4 xxxv4 e ?+ belongs to ! "t ( ! ,assyrian invasion 9 ! f\rte5? ye> ( ,hezekiah2 9 ! face ( :i* invasion ! prophetic gift ( ,isaiah 0 display$ z x _h nev] be5 be=e4 ,! section1 *ap4 xxxvi4-xxxix41 furni%es u ) ! hi/orical comm5t>y on ! prec$+ ,pg #c prophecies f ! ,assyrian p]iod1 & =ms1 at ! same "t1 ! transition to ! second "p1 :i* /ill belongs to ! same p]iod1 & ! />t+ po9t ( :i* is ,judah's deliv]ance f ,as%ur4 ,9 ?is mo/ rem>kable ye> ( ! ,prophet's life--a ye> ri* 9 ! manife/ation ( ,god's glory 9 judgm5t & m]cy--8 prophecy fl[$ out 9 full /reams1 & spread to e side4 ,n ! de/9ies ( ,judah only1 b ^? ( ! ,g5tile nations also are drawn )9 its sph]e4 ,! ,prophet does n conf9e himself to ! ev5ts imm$iately at h&1 b 9 8 ec/atic /ate1 ! /ate ( an elevat$1 &1 z x 71 arm$ consci\sness1 9 :i* he 0 dur+ ?is :ole p]iod1 8 eye looks into ! f>!/ di/ances4 ,he sees1 especially1 t1 at "s future p]iod1 ! ,babylonian p[]1 :i* began1 ev5 9 8 "t1 to g]m9ate1 w\ld take ! place ( ! ,assyrian1--t1 l x1 x w\ld f9d ! field ( ,judah :ite = ! h>ve/1--t1 = ?is oppressor ( ! _w1 de/ruction is prep>$ by ,kore% 7,cyrus71 ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/1 & t he w lib]ate ! p f _! exile2 &1 at ! close ( ! developm5t1 he beholds ! ,savi\r ( ! _w1 ^: image he depicts 9 ! mo/ gl[+ col\rs4 ,isaiah has especially br\ght out ! view ( ! ,prophetic & ,prie/ly (fices ( ,*ri/1 :ile 9 ! =m] prophecies x 0 almo/ alone ! ,k+ly (fice :i* appe>$2 x is only 9 ,deut4 xviii4 t ! ,prophetic (fice1 & 9 ,ps4 cx4 t ! ,prie/ly (fice1 is po9t$ at4 ,( ! two /ates ( ,*ri/1 x is ! doctr9e ( ! /ate ( humiliation1 ! doctr9e ( ! suff]+ ,*ri/1 :i* "h meets u1 :ile =m]ly x 0 ! /ate ( exaltation :i* 0 prom95tly br\ght be=e u1--al?\gh ,isaiah too c v well describe x :5 x is necess>y to meet ! fe>s reg>d+ ! de/ruction ( ! ,!ocracy by ! assaults ( ! p[]ful hea!n nations4 ,! fir/ attempt at a description ( ! humbl$1 suff]+1 & expiat+ ,*ri/1 is f\nd 9 *ap4 xi4 #a4 ,! real seat ( ?is proclamation is1 h[ev]1 9 ! second "p1 :i* is de/9$ m = ! election1 ?an = ! :ole nation4 ,9 *ap4 xlii4 we meet ! s]vant ( ,god1 :o1 z a ,savi\r meek & l[ly 9 he>t1 does n break ! bruis$ re$1 nor qu5* ! smok+ flax1 & by ?is m]ciful love e/abli%es righte\sness on ! :ole e>?4 ,9 *ap4 xlix41 ! ,prophet describes h[ ! cov5ant-p requite ) +ratitude ! fai?ful lab\rs ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 b t ,pg #d ! ,"l1 to recomp5se ,him = ! ob/9acy ( ,israel1 gives ,him ! ,g5tiles = an inh]itance4 ,9 *ap4 l4 we h pres5t$ to u t aspect ( ! suff]+s ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god :i* is common to ,*ri/ & ,8 p--viz41 h[1 9 fulfill+ ,8 call+4 ,he (f]$ ,8 back to ! smit]s1 & did n hide ,8 face f %ame & spitt+4 ,!n1 f9ally1 9 *ap4 liii4--t culm9at+ po9t ( ! prophecy ( ! ,old ,te/am5t--,*ri/ is plac$ be=e our eyes 9 ,8 highe/ "w1 9 ,8 aton+ & vic>i\s suff]+1 z ! tru? ( bo? ! ,old ,te/am5t high-prie/1 & ! ,old ,te/am5t s9-(f]+4 ,!re are /ill ! foll[+ ,messianic features :i* are peculi> to ,isaiah4 ,a cle> ,old ,te/am5t witness = ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ is (f]$ by *ap4 ix4 #e 7#f72 ! bir? by a virg91 closely connect$ ) ,8 div9ity1 is ann\nc$ 9 *ap4 vii4 #ad2 accord+ to *ap4 viii4 #bc 7ix4 #a47 ,galilee1 &1 9 g5]al1 ! c\ntry surr\nd+ ! ,sea ( ,g5nes>e?1 be+ t "p ( ! c\ntry :i* hi!rto _h *iefly be5 cov]$ ) disgrace1 are1 9 a v special mann]1 to be hon\r$ by ! appe>ance ( ! ,savi\r1 :o %all come to h m]cy ^u ! mis]able1 & to seek t :i* 0 lo/4 ,isaiah has1 fur!r1 fir/ taught t1 by ! r$emption1 ! consequ5ces ( ! ,fall w\ld disappe> 9 ! irrational creation also1 & t x %\ld return to p>adisaic innoc5ce1 *ap4 xi4 #f-i4 ,he has fir/ ann\nc$ to ! p ( ,god ! glori\s tru?1 t dea?1 z x _h n exi/$ 9 ! beg9n+1 %\ld1 at ! end also1 be expell$1 *ap4 xxv4 #h2 xxvi4 #ai4 ,! heal+ p[]s :i* by ,*ri/ %\ld be imp>t$ to mis]able mank9d1 ,isaiah has describ$ 9 *ap xxxv4 9 words1 :i* by ! fulfilm5t h1 9 a rem>kable mann]1 be5 confirm$4 ,let u endeav\r to =m1 f ! s+le scatt]$ features :i* occur 9 ! prophecies ( ,isaiah1 a compreh5sive view ( 8 prospects into ! future4 ,! ann\ncem5t fir/ utt]$ by ,moses ( an imp5d+ exile ( ! p1 & desolation ( ! c\ntry1 is br\ght be=e u by ,isaiah 9 ! fir/ six *apt]s1 9 ! prophecies belong+ to ! "t ( ,uzziah & ,jo?am1 at :i* ! future _h n yet be5 s cle>ly laid op5 be=e ! ,prophet z x 0 at a lat] p]iod1 at ! "t ( ,ahaz1 &1 v especially1 9 ! f\rte5? ye> ( ,hezekiah4 ,a ref]5ce to ,pg #e ! respective ann\ncem5ts ( ! ,p5tateu* is f\nd 9 *ap4 xxxvii4 #bf1 :]e1 9 opposition to ! imag9ation ( ! ,k+ ( ,as%ur1 t1 by 8 own p[]1 he _h p5etrat$ z a conqu]or z f> z ,judah1 ,isaiah asks him :e!r he _h n he>d t ! ,"l1 long ago & f anci5t times1 _h =m$ su* a resolution reg>d+ ,8 p4 ,^! words c be ref]r$ only to ! ?reat5+s ( ! ,p5tateu*1 :i* a %ort-sight$ criticism endeav\r$ to ascribe to a f> lat] p]iod1 )\t consid]+ t ! g]m ( ?is k ( ! future is f\nd 9 ! ,decalogue also1 ! g5u95ess ( :i* is1 at pres5t1 almo/ unanim\sly conc$$3 ,9 ord] t ?y 7,israel's7 days may be long 9 ! l& :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god give? !e4 ,9 ! solemnly introduc$ %ort summ>y ( ! hi/ory ( ! cov5ant-p1 9 *ap4 vi41 !re is1 aft] ! ann\ncem5t ( ! imp5d+ complete desolation ( ! c\ntry & ! c>ry+ away ( its inhabitants 9 v]s4 #aa1 #ab1 ! indication ( a second judgm5t :i* w n less make an end1 9 v]4 #ac3 ,b yet !re is a t5? "p 9 x1 & x %all aga9 be de/roy$2 & ?is goes h& 9 h& ) ! promise t ! election %all become p>tak]s ( ! ,messianic salvation4 ,! ,prophet cle>ly sees t1 by ! ,syrico-,ephraemitic w>1 ! full realization ( t ?reat5+ ( ! ,p5tateu* w n be br\ght ab\t1 z f> z ,judah is conc]n$2 t "h a fa9t prelude only to ! real fulfilm5t is ! po9t 9 "q4 ,al?\gh ! alli$ k+s speak 9 *ap4 vii4 #f3 ,let u g up aga9/ ,judea & vex x1 & let u conqu] x = u1 & set a k+ 9 ! mid/ ( x1 ev5 ! son ( ,tabeal1 ! ,"l speaks 9 *ap4 vii4 #g3 ,x %all n /&1 nei!r %all x come to pass4 ,& al?\gh ! he>t ( ! k+ & ! he>t ( 8 p 7 mov$ z ! trees ( ! wood are mov$ ) ! w9d1 ! ,prophet says3 ,fe> n1 let n ?y he>t be t5d] = ! tails ( ^? two smok+ firebr&s4 ,x is ,as%ur t %all d m = ! realization ( t div9e decree fir/ reveal$ by ,moses4 ,x is he :o1 imm$iately aft] t exp$ition aga9/ ,judah1 %all break ! p[] ( ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes1 *ap4 viii4 #d3 ,be=e ! *ild %all be able to cry3 ',my fa!r & my "m1'! ri*es ( ,damascus & ! spoil ( ,sam>ia %all be c>ri$ be=e ! ,k+ ( ,pg #f ,assyria4 ,! communion ( guilt into :i* x has ent]$ ) ,damascus %all also implicate x 9 a communion ( puni%m5t ) x1 *ap4 xvii4 #c4 ,! adv]s>ies ( ,rez9 %all dev\r ,israel ) op5 m\?1 *ap4 ix4 #aa1 #ab4 ,yea ,as%ur %all1 "s "t aft]w>ds1 put an end altoge!r to ! k+dom ( ,israel2 ,)9 ?reescore & five ye>s %all ,ephraim be brok5 t x %all n be a p any m1 *ap4 vii4 #h4 ,^u ,judah also sev]e suff]+s %all be inflict$ by ,as%ur4 ,he %all invade & deva/ate _! l&1 *ap4 vii4 #ag1 & *ap4 viii4 ,he %all irresi/ibly p5etrate to ! neighb\rhood ( ,j]usalem1 *ap4 x4 #bh-cb4 ,b :5 he is j prep>+ to inflict ! mortal bl[ ^u ! head ( ! p ( ,god1 ! ,"l %all put a /op to him3 ,he %all cut d[n ! ?ickets ( ! =e/ ) iron1 & ,lebanon %all fall by ! mighty "o1 *ap4 x4 #cd4 ,as%ur %all be brok5 9 ! l& ( ! ,"l1 & ^u ,8 m\nta9s be trodd5 "u foot2 & 8 yoke %all dep>t f (f !m1 & 8 burd5 dep>t f (f _! %\ld]s1 *ap4 xiv4 #be4 ,& ,as%ur %all fall ) ! sword n ( a man1 *ap4 xxxi4 #h4 ,^! prophecies f\nd _! fulfilm5t 9 ! de/ruction ( ,s5na*]ib's ho/ be=e ,j]usalem1--an ev5t :i* no human +5uity c\ld h kn[n ev5 a day be=eh&4 ,b ,isaiah does n cont5t himself ) promis+ to trembl+ ,zion ! help ( ,god aga9/ ,as%ur 9 t mom5t>y calamity4 ,9 h>mony ) ,hosea & ,micah1 he promises to ,judah1 9 g5]al1 security f ,as%ur4 ,he says to ,hezekiah1 aft] t dang] 0 ov]1 9 *ap4 xxxviii4 #f3 ,& ,i w deliv] !e & ?is city out ( ! h& ( ! ,k+ ( ,assyria1 & ,i w def5d ?is city4 ,beh9d ! ,assyrian k+dom1 ! ,prophet beholds a new p[] g]m9at+1 viz41 ! ,babylonian or ,*aldean2 & he ann\nces mo/ di/9ctly & repeat$ly t f ?is %all proce$ a compreh5sive execution ( ! ?reat5+s aga9/ unfai?ful ,judah4 ,accord+ to *ap4 xxiii4 #ac1 ! ,*aldeans ov]turn ! ,assyrian mon>*y1 & conqu] pr\d ,tyre :i* _h resi/$ ! assault ( ! ,assyrians4 ,%9> or ,babylon appe>s 9 *ap4 xi4 #aa1 9 ! li/ ( ! places to :i* ,judah has be5 remov$ 9 puni%m5t4 ,9 *ap4 xiii4 #a-xiv4 #bg1 ,babylon is1 = ! fir/ "t1 di/9ctly & def9itely m5tion$ z ! ?reat5+ p[] ( ! future1 by :i* ,judah is to be c>ri$ into captivity4 ,! correspond+ ann\ncem5t 9 *ap4 xxxix4 is s ,pg #g closely & intimately int]wov5 ) ! hi/orical context1 t ev5 ,ges5ius did n v5ture to d5y its orig9 by ,isaiah1 j z he 0 compell$ also to ackn[l$ge ! g5u95ess ( ! prophecy aga9/ ,tyre1 9 :i* ! ,babylonian dom9ion is mo/ di/9ctly =etold1 & ev5 ! duration ( t dom9ion is fix$4 ,! #gj ye>s ( ,j]emiah h "h already _! f\ndation4 ,! ,prophet sees di/9ctly & def9itely t ,egypt1 ! rival ,african _w's p[]1 on :i* ! %>p-sight$ politicians ( 8 "t f\nd$ _! hope = deliv]ance1 w\ld n be equal to ! ,asiatic _w's p[] repres5t+ itself 9 ! ,assyrian & ,babylonian phases4 ,he kn[s :at he c\ld n "k f any o!r s\rce ?an by imm$iate communication ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 t1 by its /ruggle aga9/ ! ,asiatic p[]1 ,egypt w\ld altoge!r lose its old political importance1 & w\ld nev] recov] x2 comp>e rem>ks on *ap4 xix4 ,z ! p[] :i* is to ov]?r[ ! ,babylonian ,empire appe>1 9 *ap4 xxxiii4 #ag1 ! ,m$es4 ,9 *ap4 xxi4 #b1 ,elam1 :i*1 accord+ to ! usus loqu5di ( ,isaiah1 means ,p]sia1 is m5tion$ besides ,m$ia4 ,?is p[]1 & at its head1 ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/1 ,cyrus1 w br+ deliv]ance to ,judah4 ,by x !y obta9 a re/oration to _! native l&4#a ,nev]!less ,elam appe>s 9 *ap4 xxii4 #af z ! repres5tative ( ! _w's p[] oppress+ ,judah 9 ! future2 & f *ap4 xi4 #aa we are likewise l$ to expect t ! _w's p[] w 9 future %ew itself 9 an ,elamitic phase also1 & t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,babel & ,elam is "o ( degree only1 j z1 inde$1 x appe>$ 9 hi/ory2 comp4 ,neh4 ix4 #cf1 #cg4 ,an intimation ( an ,european phasis ( ! _w's p[]1 ho/ile to ! k+dom ( ,god1 is to be f\nd 9 *ap4 xi4 #aa4 ,aft] ! ,k+dom ( ,god has1 = su* protract$ p]iods1 be5 subject to ! _w's p[]1 ! relation w sudd5ly be rev]s$2 at ! end ( ! days ! m\nta9 ( ! h\se ( ! ,"l %all be exalt$ above all ! hills1 & all nations %all fl[ into x1 *ap4 ii4 #b4 ,?is great *ange %all be accompli%$ by ! ,messiah1 *aps4 iv41 ix41 xi41 xxxiii4 #ag1 :o proce$s f ! h\se ( ,pg #h ,david1 *ap4 ix4 #f 7#g71 lv4 #c1 b only aft] x has sunk d[n to ! utmo/ l[l9ess1 *ap4 xi4 #a4 ,) ! human1 ,he comb9es ! div9e nature4 ,?is appe>s n only f ! names :i* are giv5 to ,him 9 *ap4 ix4 #e 7#f71 b also f ! works :i* are assign$ to ,him1--works by f> exce$+ human p[]4 ,he rules ov] ! :ole e>?1 accord+ to *ap4 xi42 ,he slays1 accord+ to xi4 #d1 ! wick$ ) ! brea? ( ,8 m\? 7comp>e *ap4 l4 #aa1 :]e likewise ,he appe>s z a p>tak] ( ! omnipot5t punitive p[] ( ,god72 ,he removes ! consequ5ces ( s9 ev5 f ! irrational creation1 *ap4 xi4 #f-i2 by ,8 absolute righte\sness ,he is enabl$ to become ! sub/itute ( ! :ole human race1 & !reby to accompli% _! salvation re/+ on ?is sub/itution1 *ap4 liii4 ,! ,messiah appe>s at fir/ 9 ! =m ( a s]vant1 l[ & humble1 *ap4 xi4 #a1 liii4 #b4 ,8 m9i/ry is quiet & conceal$1 *ap4 xlii4 #b1 z t ( a ,savi\r :o ) t5d] love applies himself to ! mis]able1 *ap4 xlii4 #c1 lxi4 #a4 ,at fir/ x is limit$ to ,israel1 *ap4 xlix4 #a-f1 :]e x is enjoy$ especially by ! mo/ degrad$ ( all ! p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 viz41 t ar\nd ! sea ( ,galilee1 *ap4 viii4 #bc 7ix4 #a47 ,sev]e suff]+s w be inflict$ ^u ,him 9 c>ry+ out ,8 m9i/ry4 ,^! proce$ f ! same p :om ,he has come to raise up1 & to end[ 7accord+ to *ap4 xlii4 #f1 xlix4 #h71 ) ! full tru? ( ! cov5ant into :i* ! ,"l has ent]$ ) !m4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god be>s ^! suff]+'s ) unbrok5 c\rage4 ,!y br+ ab\t1 ?r\gh ,8 m$iation1 ! puni%m5t ( ,god ^u ^? f :om !y proce$$1 & become ! reason :y ! salvation passes ov] to ! ,g5tiles1 by ^: def]5tial homage ! ,s]vant ( ,god is indemnifi$ = :at ,he has lo/ 9 ! ,jews1 *ap4 xlix4 #a-i1 l4 #d-aa4 7,! f\ndation = ! detail$ ann\ncem5t 9 ^! passages is giv5 already 9 ! sket* 9 *ap4 vi41--accord+ to :i* an election only ( ! p atta9 to salvation1 :ile ! mass becomes a prey to de/ruction47 ,b x is j by ^! suff]+s1 :i* issue at la/ 9 a viol5t dea?1 t ! ,s]vant ( ,god rea*es ! full height ( ,8 de/9ation4 ,!y possess a vic>i\s "*1 & effect ! reconciliation ( a :ole s9ful _w1 *ap4 lii4 #ac-liii4 #ab4 ,subsequ5tly to ! suff]+1 & on ! gr\nd ( x1 beg9s ! ex]cise ( ! ,k+ly (fice ( ,*ri/1 *ap4 liii4 #ab4 ,he br+s law & righte\sness to ! ,pg #i ,g5tile _w1 *ap4 xlii4 #a2 light into _! d>kness1 *ap4 xlii4 #f4 ,he becomes ! c5tre ar\nd :i* ! :ole ,g5tile _w ga!rs1 *ap4 xi4 #aj3 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 ! root ( ,jesse :i* %all /& = an ensign ( ! p1 to x %all ! ,g5tiles seek1 & ,8 re/ %all be glory2 comp4 *ap4 lx41 :]e ! delight$ eye ( ! ,prophet beholds h[ ! cr[ds ( ! nations f ! :ole e>? turn to ,zion2 *ap4 xviii41 :]e ! future reception ( ! ,e?iopians into ! ,k+dom ( ,god is specially propheci$2 *ap4 xix41 accord+ to :i* ,egypt turns to ! ,god ( ,israel1 & by ! tie ( a common love to ,him1 is unit$ ) ,as%ur1 8 rival 9 ! "t ( ! ,prophet1 & s likewise ) ,israel1 :i* has s mu* to suff] f him2 *ap4 xxiii41 accord+ to :i*1 9 ! "t ( salvation4 ,tyre also does homage to ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god becomes1 at ! same "t1 ! ,witness1 & ! ,pr9ce & ,lawgiv] ( ! nations1 *ap4 lv4 #d4 ,j z ! ,_s ( ! ,"l re/s ^u ,him1 *ap4 xi4 #b1 xlii4 #a1 lxi4 #a1 s !re takes place 9 ,8 days an outp\r+ ( ! ,holy ,_s1 *ap4 xxxii4 #ae1 xliv4 #c1 comp4 ) *ap4 liv4 #ac4 ,s9 is put an end to by ,him1 *ap4 xi4 #i1 & an end is put especially to w>1 *ap4 ii4 #d4 ,! ,g5tiles ga!r$ to ! ,"l become at la/ ! m$ium ( ,8 salvation = ! cov5ant-p1 :o at fir/ _h reject$ x1 *ap4 xi4 #ab1 lx4 #i1 lxvi4 #bj1 #ba4 ,! end is ! re/oration ( ! p>adisaic condition1 *ap4 xi4 #f-i1 lxv4 #be2 ! new heav5s & ! new e>?1 *ap4 lxv4 #ag1 lxvi4 #bb2 b ! wick$ %all inh]it et]nal condemnation1 *ap4 lxvi4 #bd4 ,footnote #a3 ,vitr+a3 ,!re are no pr$ictions 9 ref]5ce to ! temporal deliv]ance ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 9 :i* ! ,prophet %ews himself m ?an 9 ^? :i* relate to ! d[nfall ( ! ,babylonian ,empire1 & ! deliv]ance ( ! p ( ,god by ,cyrus4 ,pg #aj ,,! ,,prophecy--,,*ap4 ,,ii4-,,iv4 ,,! ,,spr\t ,,( ,,! ,,"l4 ,x has be5 already prov$1 9 ,vol4 i41 p4 #daf ff41 t ?is disc\rse belongs to ! fir/ p]iod ( ! ,prophet's m9i/ry4 ,x consi/s ( ?ree p>ts4 ,9 ! fir/1 *ap4 ii4 #b-d1 ! ,prophet draws a picture ( ! ,messianic "t1 at :i* ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 n[ despis$1 %\ld be elevat$ above all ! k+doms ( ! _w1 %\ld ex]cise an attractive p[] ov] ! ,g5tiles1 & %\ld cause peace to dwell among !m2 comp4 ,vol4 i41 p4 #dcg ff4 ,9 ! second "p1 f *ap4 ii4 #e-;iv4 #a1 ! ,prophet describes ! prevail+ corruption1 exhorts to rep5tance1 ?reat5s div9e judgm5ts4 ,?is "p is introduc$1 & is connect$ ) ! prec$+1 by ! admonition 9 ii4 #e1 address$ to ! p1 to prep>e1 by true godl9ess1 = a p>ticipation 9 t bless$ness1 to bew>e le/ !y %\ld be exclud$ ?r\gh _! own fault4 ,9 ! ?ird "p1 *ap4 iv4 #b-f1 ! prophet returns to ! proclamation ( salvation1 s t ! :ole is1 z x 71 surr\nd$ by ! promise4 ,x 0 necess>y t ?is %\ld be prom95tly br\ght out1 9 ord] t s9n]s might n only be t]rifi$ by fe>1 b also allur$ by hope1 to rep5tance1--& 9 ord] t ! elect might n imag9e t ! s9 ( ! masses1 & ! judgm5t inflict$ 9 consequ5ce ( x1 did away ) ! m]cy ( ! ,"l t[>ds ,8 p1 & ) ,8 fai?fulness to ,8 promises4 ,salvation does n come )\t judgm5t4 ,?is feature1 by :i* true prophetism is di/+ui%$ f false1 :i*1 dive/+ ,god ( ,8 righte\sness1 ann\nc$ salvation to unre=m$ s9n]s1 to ! :ole rude mass ( ! p1--?is feature is once m prom95tly br\ght out 9 v]4 #d4 ,b salvation = ! elect comes z necess>ily z judgm5t does ^u ! s9n]s4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! deepe/ abasem5t ( ! p ( ,god1 ,god raises f out ( ! mid/ ( !m ! ,savi\r by :om !y are rais$ to ! highe/ glory1 *ap4 iv4 #b4 ,!y are in/all$ into ! dignity ( ! sa9ts ( ,god1 aft] ! p5it5t ones h be5 r5ew$ by ,8 ,_s1 & ! ,pg #aa ob/9ate s9n]s h be5 ext]m9at$ by ,8 judgm5t1 v]4 #c1 #d4 ,god's graci\s pres5ce af=ds !m protection f _! enemies1 & f all tribulation & dang]1 v]4 #e1 #f4 ,! fir/ "p1 9 :i* ,isaiah foll[s ,micah 7comp4 ! argum5ts 9 pro( ( orig9ality 9 ,micah1 ,vol4 i41 p4 #dac ff471 has already be5 exp\nd$ on a =m] occasion4 ,we h "h only to answ] ! "q1 :y x is t ! ,prophet op5s 8 disc\rse ) a proclamation ( salvation borr[$ f ,micah8 ,8 object c]ta9ly 0 to r5d] ! m9ds ( ! p susceptible ( ! subsequ5t admonition & repro(1 by plac+ at ! head a promise :i* _h already become famili> & preci\s to ! p4 ,! position :i* ! ,messianic proclamation occupies 9 ,isaiah is altoge!r misund]/ood if1 ) ,kle9]t & ,ewald1 we assume t ! passage does n1 9 ,isaiah1 belong to ! real sub/ance ( ! prophecy2 t x is m]ely plac$ 9 front z a k9d ( text1 ! abuse & mis9t]pretation ( :i* ! ,prophet meets 9 t :i* foll[s1 s t ! s5se w\ld be3 ! bless$ "t promis$ by =m] prophets w come inde$1 b only aft] sev]e1 rigor\s judgm5ts ^u all :o _h =sak5 ,jehovah4 ,x is especially v]4 #e :i* militates aga9/ ?is int]pretation1 :]e1 9 ! words3 ,come ye & let u walk 9 ! light ( ! ,"l1#a ! prophet gives an express decl>ation z to ! object ( ! description :i* he has plac$ 9 front1 & expresses himself 9 reg>d to x 9 p]fect h>mony ,pg #ab ) ,heb4 iv4 #a3 ,greek3 phob?m5 oun mpote kataleipom5s epangelias 444 dok tis ex humn hu/]k5ai4 ,?is %[s1 t aft] ! mann] ( an evangelical prea*]1 & 9 con=mity ) 8 "n1 he wi%es to allure to rep5tance by po9t+ to ! great salvation ( ! future2--t ! ,greek3 ngike h basileia tn ourann ( ! fir/ "p s]ves z a f\ndation to ! ,greek3 metanoeite oun ( ! second4 ,! ?reat5+ ( puni%m5t conta9$ 9 ! second "p is de/itute ( any p>ticul> ref]5ce4 ,x be>s a g5]al "*1 compreh5d+ ! :ole ( ! mis*ief ) :i* ! ,"l is to visit ! unfai?fulness ( ,8 p4 ,mo/ ?or\ghly 0 ! animat+ idea realiz$ 9 ! ,roman cata/rophe1 ! consequ5ce ( :i* is ! helplessness :i* /ill presses ^u ! p4 ,! prep>atory /eps 7 ! decay ( ! p at ! "t ( ,ahaz--especially ! ,*aldean ov]?r[--&1 g5]ally1 ev]y?+ :i* ! p _h to suff] 9 ! "t ( ! dom9ion ( ! ,assyrian1 ,*aldean1 ,m$o-,p]sian1 & ,greek k+doms4 ,z none ( ^! k+doms 7 z yet on ! /age1 or 9 sight1 x is q natural t ! ?reat5+ "h keeps altoge!r )9 g5]al t]ms2 x 0 giv5 to ,isaiah himself aft]w>ds to individualize x mu* m4 ,x is ) ! ?ird "p only t we h "h m p>ticul>ly to employ ourselves4 ,v]4 #b4 ,9 t day ! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l becomes = beauty & glory1 & ! fruit ( ! l& = exaltation & ornam5t1 to ! escap$ ( ,israel4 ,v]4 #c4 ,& x %all come to pass1 he t 0 left 9 ,zion1 & 0 sp>$ 9 ,j]usalem1 %all be call$ holy1 e "o t is writt5 to life 9 ,j]usalem4 ,v]4 #d4 ,:5 ! ,"l has wa%$ away ! fil? ( ! daught]s ( ,zion1 & %all remove ! blood ( ,j]usalem f ! mid/ !re( by ! _s ( "r & ! _s ( de/ruction4 ,v]4 #e4 ,& ! ,"l creates ov] ! place ( ,m\nt ,zion1 & ov] h] assemblies cl\ds by day & smoke1 & ! brightness ( flam+ fire by night1 = above all glory is a cov]+4 ,v]4 #f4 ,& a tab]nacle %all be = a %ad[ by day f ! heat1 &1 = a refuge & cov]t f /orm & f ra94 ,v]4 #b4 ,9 t day i4e41 n by any means aft] ! suff]+1 b 9 ! mid/ ( x1 comp4 *ap4 iii4 #ah2 iv4 #a1 :]e1 by ,pg #ac ! words 9 t day1 contemporane\sness is likewise express$4 ,p>allel is *ap4 ix4 #a 7#b71 :]e ! p t walke? 9 d>kness see? a great light4 ,accord+ to ,micah v4 #b 7#c7 also1 ! p are giv5 up to ! dom9ion ( ! _w's p[]s until ! "t t %e :o is be>+ has br\ght =?4 ,inasmu* z ! ,messianic proclamation be>s ! same g5]al compreh5sive "* z ! ?reat5+ ( puni%m5t1 & includes 9 itself beg9n+ & end1 ! suff]+ may p>tly also rea* into ! ,messianic "t4 ,x dismisses f its discipl9e ^? :o are deliv]$ up to x1 gradually only1 aft] !y h become ripe = a p>ticipation 9 ! ,messianic salvation4--,!re _c be any d\bt t1 by ! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l ! ,messiah is designat$1--an explanation :i* we meet ) s e>ly z 9 ! ,*aldee ,p>aphra/ 7,hebrew3 b$na hhva ihi mwi,ha dii l,hdvh vliqr71 f :i* ev5 ,kim*i did n v5ture to diff]1 :i* 0 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 too1 ! prevail+ "o1 & :i* ,rationalism 0 ! fir/ to give up4 ,! ,messiah is "h q 9 ,8 prop] place4 ,! ,prophet _h1 9 *ap4 iii4 #ab-ae1 9 a v special mann]1 d]iv$ ! mis]y ( ! p f _! bad rul]s4 ,:at is n[ m rational1 !re=e1 ?an t he %\ld connect ! salvation & prosp]ity likewise ) ! p]son ( a ,div9e ,rul]8 comp4 *ap4 i4 #bf4 ,9 ! adjo9+ prophecies ( ,isaiah1 especially 9 *aps4 vii41 ix41 & xi41 ! p]son ( ! ,messiah likewise =ms ! c5tre ( ! proclamation ( salvation2 s t1 a priori1 a m5tion ( x mu/ be expect$ "h4 ,to ! same result we are l$ by ! analogy ( ,micah2 comp4 ,vol4 i4 p4 #ddc-de1 #ddi4 ,f>!r--,! repres5tation ( ! ,messiah1 "u ! image ( a spr\t or %oot1 is v common 9 ,scripture2 comp4 *ap4 xi4 #a-aj2 liii4 #b2 ,rev4 v4 #e4 ,b ( decisive weight are ^? passages 9 :i* precisely our ^w ,hebrew3 cm,h occurs z a designation ( ! ,messiah4 ,! two passages1 ,j]4 xxiii4 #e3 ,behold1 ! days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 & ,i raise unto ,david a righte\s ,spr\t2 & xxxiii4 #ae3 ,9 ^? days1 & at t "t1 %all ,i cause ! ,spr\t ( righte\sness to gr[ up unto ,david1 may at once & pla9ly be consid]$ z an int]pretation ( ! passage be=e u1 & z a comm5t>y ^u x2 & t s mu* ! m t !re1 z well z "h1 all salvation is connect$ ) ?is ,spr\t ( ,jehovah2 comp4 ,j]4 xxiii4 #f3 ,9 ,8 days ,judah ,pg #ad %all be sav$1 & ,israel %all dwell safely1 & ?is is ,8 "n :]eby he %all be call$3 ,! ,"l our righte\sness4 ,! two o!r passages1 ,ze*4 iii4 #h3 ,behold1 ,i br+ my s]vant ,zema*1 & vi4 #ab3 ,behold1 a man ^: "n is ,zema* are ( s mu* ! great] consequ5ce t 9 !m ,zema* 7i4e41 ,spr\t7 occurs z a k9d ( nom5 proprium1 ! s5se ( :i* is suppos$ z be+ kn[n f =m] prophecies to :i* ! ,prophet all b expressly ref]s2 or z ,vitr+a rem>ks on ^! passages3 ,t man :o1 9 ! oracles ( ! prec$+ ,prophets 7,is4 & ,j]47 be>s ! "n ( ',spr\t4' ,( no less consequ5ce1 f9ally1 is ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 xxviii4 #e3 ,9 t day %all ! ,"l ( ho/s be = a cr[n ( glory1 & = a diadem ( beauty unto ! residue ( ,8 p4 ,! words ,hebrew3 cbi & ,hebrew3 tp>t !re meet u aga94 ,! same is !re ascrib$ to ! ,"l :i* is "h attribut$ to ! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l4 ,t c be readily acc\nt$ =1 only if ! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l be ! ,messiah4 ,= ! ,messiah appe>s ev]y:]e z ! *annel ?r\gh :i* ! ,"l imp>ts to ,8 ,*ur* all ! fulness ( ,8 bless+s1 z ! ,immanuel by :om ! promise giv5 at ! v ?re%old ( ! ,old ,te/am5t3 ,i dwell 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 is mo/ p]fectly realiz$4 ,?is is ! "n :]eby ,he %all be call$3 ,! ,"l our righte\sness1 says ,j]emiah1 9 ! passage quot$4--,! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l may designate ei!r him :om ! ,"l causes to spr\t1 or him :o has spr\t$ =? f ! ,"l1 i4e41 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,aga9/ ! latt] int]pretation x is object$ by ,h(fmann 7,weissagung und ,erfllung4 ,?4 #a1 ,s4 #bad73 ,hebrew3 cm,h is an intransitive v]b1 s t ,hebrew3 cm,h may be z well connect$ ) a n\n :i* says1 :o causes to spr\t =?1 z ) "o :i* says1 :5ce ! ?+ spr\ts =?4 ,n[ x is q obvi\s t1 9 ! passage be=e u1 ! =m] case applies1 & n ! latt]1 inasmu* z "o _c say t some?+1 or ev5 "s "o1 spr\ts =? f ,jehovah2 x is only ) a ?+1 n ) a p]son1 t ,hebrew3 cm,h c be connect$4 ,b x is impossible to admit t ?is objection is well f\nd$4 ,! p]son may v well be conceiv$ ( z ! soil f :i* ! spr\t goes =?4 ,yet we mu/1 inde$1 ackn[l$ge t ! ,messiah is n[h]e call$ a ,spr\t ( ,david4 ,b :at decides 9 fav\r ( ! fir/ view are ! ,pg #ae p>allel passages4 ,9 ,j]4 xxiii4 #e1 xxxiii4 #ae1 ! ,"l raises up to ,david a righte\s ,spr\t1 & causes ,him to gr[ up unto ,david4 ,h5ce "h1 too1 ! ,spr\t w 9 t s5se only be ! ,"l's1 t he does n spr\t =? out ( ,him1 b ?r\gh ,him4 ,9 ,ze*4 iii4 #h ! ,"l br+s 8 s]vant ,zema*2 9 ,ps4 cxxxii4 #ag1 x is said3 ,!re ,i cause a horn to spr\t to ,david1 & already 9 ! fundam5tal passage1 #b ,sam4 xxiii4 #e1 :i* conta9s ! fir/ g]m ( our passage1 ,david says3 ,= all my salvation & all my pleasure %\ld ,he n make x to spr\t =?4--,z ! words ,spr\t ( ! ,"l d5ote ! heav5ly orig9 ( ! ,r$eem]1 s d ! words ,hebrew3 pri har,c ! e>?ly "o1 ! soil f :i* ! ,"l causes ! ,savi\r to spr\t up4 ,^! words are1 by ,vitr+a & o!rs1 translat$3 ! fruit ( ! e>?1 b ! correct translation is ! fruit ( ! l&4 ,! passages1 ,num4 xiii4 #bf3 ,& %ew$ !m ! fruit ( ! l&2 & ,deut4 i4 #be3 ,& !y took 9 _! h&s ( ! fruit ( ! l&1 & br\ght x unto u1 & br\ght u ^w aga91 & said1 good is ! l& :i* ! ,"l our ,god do? give u1--^! two passages are1 besides t "u consid]ation1 ! only ones 9 :i* ! phrase ,hebrew3 pri har,c occurs2 & !re is "h1 no d\bt1 an allusion to !m4 ,! excell5t natural fruit ( anci5t times is a type ( ! spiritual fruit4 ,to ! same result--t ,hebrew3 har,c designates ! def9ite l&1 t l& :i*1 9 ! prec$+ v]ses1 9 ! description ( ! prevail+ conniption1 & ( ! div9e judgm5ts1 0 always spok5 (1--to ?is result we are l$ by ! fact also1 t ev]y:]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t :]e ! contr>iety ( ! div9e & human orig9 ( ! ,messiah is m5tion$1 ! human orig9 is m di/9ctly qualifi$ & limit$4 ,?is is especially ! case 9 ^? passages :i*1 be+ dep5d5t ^u t be=e u1 maybe consid]$ z a comm5t>y ^u x2 9 ,j]4 xxiii4 #e1 xxxiii4 #ae1 :]e ! ,"l raises a ,spr\t unto ,david1 & ,ze*4 vi4 #ab1 :]e ! man ^: "n is ,zema* 7,spr\t7 gr[s up out ( its soil2 comp4 ,heb4 vii4 #ad1 :]e1 9 allusion to ! ,old ,te/am5t passages ( ! ,spr\t--! v]b ,greek3 anatelle9 is commonly us$ ( ! spr\t+ =? ( ! plants 7see ,bleek on ?is passage7--x is said3 ,greek3 ex ,i\da anatetalk5 ho ,kurios hmn1 ,b5gel3 ut g]m5 ju/itiae2 f>!r1 ,mic4 v4 #a 7#b71 :]e ! et]nal exi/5ce ( ! ,messiah1 ,pg #af & ,8 bir? 9 ,be?lehem are contra/$ ) "o ano!r2 ,is4 ix4 #e1 7#f71 :]e ! words3 ,unto u a *ild is born1 unto u a son is giv51 are contra/$ ) ! v>i\s designations ( ! ,messiah1 accord+ to ,8 div9e maje/y4 ,?is qualification & limitation :i* ev]y:]e takes place1 h _! gr\nd 9 ! circum/ance t ! ,messiah is con/antly repres5t$ to ! cov5ant-p z _! prop]ty2 & t ,he1 inde$1 01 inasmu* z salvation w5t out f ,jews 7,john iv4 #bb71 & 0 de/9$ = ! ,jews1 into ^: communion ! ,g5tiles 7 to be receiv$2 comp4 my ,comm5t>y on ,revel4 vii4 #d4 ,! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l1 ! fruit ( ! l&1 is accord+ly ,he :om ! ,"l %all make to spr\t =? f ,israel4 ,! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l1 ! fruit ( ! l& is to become to ! escap$ ( ,israel = beauty & glory1 = exaltation & ornam5t4 ,! passages to be comp>$ are #b ,sam4 i4 #ai1 :]e ,saul & ,jona?an are call$ ,hebrew3 cbi iwral2 f>!r1 ,is4 xxviii4 #e3 ,9 t day %all ! ,"l ( ho/s be = a cr[n ( beauty1 & = a diadem ( ornam5t unto ! residue ( ,8 p1 :]e ! words ,hebrew3 cbi & ,hebrew3 tp>t are likewise us$2 f9ally1 *ap4 xxiv4 #af1 :]e1 9 ref]5ce to ! ,messianic "t1 x is said3 ,f ! utt]mo/ "p ( ! e>? d we he> songs ( praise3 beauty 7 ,hebrew3 cbi7 to ! righte\s4 ,by ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/1 ! cov5ant-p1 hi!rto despis$1 7 plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! _w's hi/ory2 by x ! ,"l took away ! rebuke ( ,8 p f (f all ! e>?1 *ap4 xxv4 #h4 ,!re is evid5tly 9 ^! words a ref]5ce to ! prec$+ ?reat5+ ( puni%m5t1 especially to *ap4 iii4 #ah3 ,9 t day ! ,"l w take away ! ornam5t1 c43 ,b ,dre*sl] is wrong 9 fix+ & express+ ?is ref]5ce ?us3 ,in/ead ( f>!r runn+ aft] /range ?+s1 ,israel w f9d its glory & ornam5t 9 ,him :o is ! long promis$ se$ ( ,abrahamitic desc5t4 ,= x is n ! position :i* ,israel takes t is spok5 (1 b t :i* is grant$ to !m4 ,! anti!sis is betwe5 ! false glory :i* ,god takes away1 & ! true glory :i* ,he gives4 ,! ,"l _c1 by any possibility1 = any l5g? ( "t1 appe> m]ely tak+ away2 ,he takes ^? seem+ bless+s1 only 9 ord] to be able to give ! true ones4 ,e tak+ away is a prophecy ( giv+4--,to ! escap$ ( ,israel1 :o1 accord+ to ! idea ( a p ( ,god1 & accord+ to ,pg #ag ! promise ( ! ,law 7comp4 ,deut4 xxx4 #a1 ff47 c nev] be want+1 z little z x is possible t ! salvation %\ld be p>tak5 ( by ! :ole mass ( ! p2 sift+ judgm5ts mu/ necess>ily g be=e & along ) x4 ,true prophetism ev]y:]e kn[s ( salvation = a remnant only4 ,on ,hebrew3 pli,th1 :i* does n mean deliv]ance1 s t ! ab/ract w\ld ?us "h /& = ! concrete1 b t :i* has escap$1 comp4 rem>ks on ,joel iii4 #e1 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #cch4 ,all :i* n[ rema9s is to exam9e ^? explanations ( ?is v]se :i* diff] f ! ,messianic int]pretation4 #a4 ,foll[+ ! int]pretation ( ,grotius & o!rs1 ,ges5ius1 9 8 ,comm5t>y1 und]/&s by ! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l ! new gr[? ( ! p aft] _! v>i\s defeats4 ,8 explanation is3 ,!n ! spr\t ( ,jehovah w be spl5did & glori\s1 & ! fruit ( ! l& excell5t & beautiful = ! escap$ ( ,israel4 ,fruit ( ! l& he takes 9 its lit]al s5se1 & und]/&s x to mean ! product ( ! l&4 ,! same view is held by ,knobel3 ,he becomes = beauty & glory1 i4e41 ! p1 hav+ re=m$1 prosp] & =m a spl5did1 glori\s /ate4 ,& ,maur] 9 8 ,diction>y says3 ,! ,spr\t ( ,jehovah seems to be ! morally improv$ remnant1 ! new1 sanctifi$ increase ( ! p4 ,b 9 opposition to su* a view !re is1 fir/1 ! circum/ance1 t accord+ to x ! ,hebrew3 l be=e ,hebrew3 lcbi & ,hebrew3 lkbvr mu/ be und]/ood diff]5tly f :at x is 9 ,hebrew3 lgav,n1 & ,hebrew3 ltp>t :i* imm$iately foll[ & exactly correspond ) !m4 ,!re are1 secondly1 ! p>allel passages *ap4 xxviii4 #e1 xxiv4 #af1 accord+ to :i* ,hebrew3 cbi beauty is conf]r$ ^u ! escap$1 b !y !mselves d n become beauty4 ,f9ally--,x is always mo/ natural to suppose t ,hebrew3 cm,h ihvh & ,hebrew3 pri har,c correspond ) "o ano!r1 & d5ote ! same subject :i* is "h describ$ aft] 8 v>i\s aspects only4 ,= 9 ! same mann] z ,hebrew3 cm,h & ,hebrew3 pri g h& 9 h&1 bo? be+ tak5 f ! t]ritory ( botany1 s ,hebrew3 ihvh & ,hebrew3 har,c also /& 9 a contra/ :i* is n to be mi/ak54 #b4 ,hitzig1 ,ewald1 ,mei]1 & o!rs n only ref] ! fruit ( ! l&1 b also ! ,spr\t ( ,jehovah to t :i* ,jehovah makes to spr\t =?4#b ,x is true t1 9 ! prophetic ,pg #ah ann\ncem5ts1 among ! bless+s ( ! future ! ri* produce ( ! l& is also m5tion$ 7comp4 *ap4 xxx4 #bc-be71 & ! same is v expressly done 9 ! ,law also2 b 9 n a s+le "o ( ^! passages does ! /range expression occur1 t ?is fruitfulness %\ld s]ve to ! escap$ = beauty & glory1 = exaltation & ornam5t1 or any o!r t be>s ! slighte/ resemblance to x4 ,aga9/ ?is explanation !re is1 9 addition1 ! circum/ance t ! b>r5ness ( ! c\ntry is n at all po9t$ out 9 ! prec$+ context4 ,f9ally--,:5 we und]/& ?is expression z ref]r+ to ! ,messiah1 ?is v]se1 /&+ z x does at ! head ( ! proclamation ( salvation1 conta9s ! fundam5tal ?\ght2 & 9 :at foll[s we obta9 ! expansion4 ,9 ! v]se be=e u we are told t 9 ,*ri/ ! p atta9 to glory1--&1 9 ^? :i* foll[1 h[ ?is glory is manife/$ 9 !m4 ,b accord+ to ?is view1 e int]nal connexion ( ! v]se be=e u ) :at foll[s is entirely de/roy$4 #c4 ,accord+ to ,h5dew]k1 by ! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l1 ! collective p]son ( ! rul+ portion 9 ! /ate dur+ ! ,messianic happy "t1 is designat$4 ,?is op9ion is ! beg9n+ ( a return to ! ,messianic int]pretation4 ,b !n only c\ld t ideal p]son be "h ref]r$ to1 if else:]e 9 ,isaiah too x w\ld come out /rongly & decid$ly4 ,z ?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! case2 z1 on ! contr>y1 ! ,messiah ev]y:]e 9 ,isaiah meets u 9 %9+ cle>ness1 x w\ld be arbitr>y to give up ! p]son 9 fav\r ( a p]sonification4 #d4 ,umbreit ackn[l$ges t1 9 ! case ( ,hebrew3 cm,h ihvh1 ! ,messianic int]pretation is ! only correct "o4 ,! two subsequ5t prophecies 9 *ap4 ix4 & xi41 he says1 are to be consid]$ z a comm5t>y on our %ort text4 ,b x is *>act]i/ic ( 8 compromis+ mann] t by ! fruit ( ! l& he und]/&s ! consequ5ces ( ! dom9ion ( ! ,messiah = ! l&1 ! fruits :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 appe>+1 ! consecrat$ soil br+s =?1--?us pla9ly ov]look+ ! cle> ,pg #ai contra/ betwe5 ! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l1 & ! fruit ( ! l&1 by :i* evid5tly ! same ?+ is designat$ f diff]5t aspects4 ,v]4 #c4 ,! ,prophet n[ beg9s to %[1 m 9 detail1 9 h[ f> ! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l & ! fruit ( ! l& w\ld s]ve = ! hon\r & glory ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! words3 ,he t 0 left 9 ,zion & 0 sp>$ 9 ,j]usalem1 take up ! idea sugge/$ by ! escap$ ( ,israel 9 v]4 #b4 ,! d\ble designation is int5d$ to direct att5tion to ! ?\ght t ! remnant1 & ! remnant only1 are call$ to a p>ticipation 9 ! glory4 ,zion & ,j]usalem1 z ! c5tre ( ! cov5ant-p1 "h repres5t ! :ole2 ?is is evid5t f ! circum/ance t at ! close ( v]4 #b1 :i* is "h resum$1 ! escap$ ( ,israel 7 spok5 ( ,ev] s9ce ! sanctu>y & ! royal palace 7 f\nd$ at ,zion1 x 0 9 a spiritual po9t ( view1 ! resid5ce ( all ,israel1 :o ev5 p]sonally met !re at ! high fe/ivals4--,:oev] is left 9 ,zion %all be call$ holy4 ,! fundam5tal notion ( hol9ess is t ( sep>ation4 ,god is holy1 inasmu* z ,he is sep>at$ f all t is creat$ & f9ite1 & is elevat$ above all t is f9ite2 comp4 my ,comm5t>y on ,rev4 iv4 #h4 ,believ]s are holy1 because !y are sep>at$ f ! _w z reg>ds _! moral exi/5ce & _! de/9y4 ,"h only ! latt] aspect is consid]$4 ,holy 9 a moral s5se !y 7 already1 inasmu* z x is ?is :i* =ms ! condition ( _! be+ sp>$ 9 ! div9e judgm5ts4 ,!y became holy because !y are p>tak]s ( ! beauty1 ( ! exaltation1 & ornam5t :i* are to be be/[$ ^u ! escap$ by ! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l4 ,! circum/ance t !y h be5 in/all$ into ! dignity ( ! sa9ts ( ,god implies t1 :5 ! ,_s ( ! ,"l has appe>$1 ! _w's p[] has no long] any dom9ion ov] !m1 b t1 on ! contr>y1 !y %all judge ! _w4 ,9 l mann] we read 9 ,exod4 xix4 #f1 9 ! description ( ! rew>d = fai?fulness3 ,& ye %all be unto me a k+dom ( prie/s1 & a holy nation2 comp4 v]4 #e3 ,& n[ if y w obey my voice & keep my cov5ant1 ye %all be a prop]ty unto me out ( all p4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! exalt$ dignity & glory1 hol9ess occurs 9 ,deut4 vii4 #f3 ,= ?\ art an holy p unto ! ,"l ?y ,god2 ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? *os5 !e to be a peculi> p unto himself out ( all ! p t are ^u ,pg #bj ! face ( ! e>?4 ,:5 ! company ( ,korah said3 ,all ! congregation1 !y are holy 7,numb4 xvi4 #c71 !y _h 9 view1 n ! moral hol9ess b ! dignity--a circum/ance :i* is q obvi\s f words add$3 ,& 9 ! mid/ ( !m is ! ,"l4 ,& s ,moses likewise speaks ( ! dignity 9 ,numb4 xvi4 #g3 ,:om ! ,"l %all *oose1 he is ! holy "o4 ,9 ,rom4 i4 #g2 ,heb4 iii4 #a1 hol9ess is decl>$ to consi/ 9 be+ lov$1 call$1 & *os5 by ,god4--,z reg>ds ! fulfilm5t ( ?is promise1 x has its horas & moras4 ,x began ) ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,*ri/1 by :i* ! position ( ! true ,israel to ! _w 0 sub/antially & fundam5tally *ang$4 ,x 0 n )\t mean+ t1 z e>ly z 9 ! apo/olic times1 ! ,sa9ts 0 a k9d ( nom5 proprium ( believ]s1 comp4 ,acts ix4 #ac1 #cb4 ,we are ev5 n[ ! sons ( ,god1 & h5ce ev5 already in/all$ into an important portion ( ! inh]itance ( hol9ess2 b x has n yet appe>$ :at we %all be1 #a ,john iii4 #b4 ,b ! beg9n+1 & ! cont9uation p]vad+ all ages1 viz41 ,god's deal+s ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( hi/ory1 :]eby he ev] anew lifts up ,8 ,*ur* f ! du/ ( l[l9ess1 af=d to u ! gu>antee = ! completion1 :i* is1 ) graphic vividness1 describ$ 9 ! la/ two *apt]s ( ,revelation4--,to be call$ is m ?an m]ely to be2 x indicates t ! be+ is s m>k$ z to procure = itself ackn[l$gm5t4--,! words3 ,e "o t is writt5 to life 9 ,j]usalem anew po9t out t judgm5t w g be=e1 & by ! side ( grace4 ,! mean+ ( ,hebrew3 ,hii,m is1 accord+ to ! fundam5tal passage 9 ,ps4 lxix4 #bi1 n liv+ ones 7,h(fmann1 ,weiss4 i4 ,s4 #bjh71 b life4 ,9 ,revelation1 too1 ! book ( life1 & n ! book ( ! liv+ ones1 is spok5 ( ,to be writt5 to life is equival5t to be+ orda9$ to life1 ,acts xiii4 #dh2 comp4 my ,comm5t4 on ,ps4 lxix4 #bi2 ,rev4 iii4 #e4 ,life is n nak$ life1--a mis]able life is1 accord+ to ! view ( ,scripture1 n to be call$ a life1 b is a =m ( dea? only--b life 9 ! full enjoym5t ( ! fav\r ( ,god2 comp4 my ,comm5t4 on ,ps4 xvi4 #aa1 xxx4 #f1 xxxvi4 #aj2 xlii4 #i2 lxiii4 #d4 ,! ,*aldean ?us p>aphrases x3 ,all !y t are writt5 to et]nal life %all see ! consolation ( ,j]usalem1 i4e4 ! ,messiah4 ,comp4 ,dan4 xii4 #a2 ,rev4 iii4 #e1 xiii4 #h1 xx4 #ae1 xxii4 #ai2 ,phil4 iv4 #c2 ,luke x4 #bj4 ,! bodily dea? ( believ]s _c exclude !m f a p>ticipation 9 be+ writt5 to ,pg #ba life2 =1 be+ a m]e transition to life1 x c1 9 tru?1 n be call$ a dea?4 ,"h1 too1 ! ^w ( ,*ri/ applies3 ,! maid is n dead b sleepe?1 ,matt4 ix4 #bd4 ,! fact t !re is no contradiction betwe5 bodily dea? & life1 i4e4 a p>ticipation 9 ! bless+s ( ! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/1 is po9t$ out by ,isaiah himself 9 *ap4 xxvi4 #ai3 ,?y dead m5 %all live1 my dead bodies %all arise1 = a dew ( light is ?y dew4 ,v]4 #d4 ,! ,prophet po9ts out t be=e ! ,*ur* is rais$ to ! dignity ( ! sa9ts ( ,god1 a ?or\gh *ange ( its moral conditions1 an en]getic expung+ ( ! s9 n[ prevail+ 9 h]1 mu/ take place1 ,:5 ! ,"l has wa%$ away ! fil? ( ! daught]s ( ,zion4 ,! daught]s ( ,zion are none o!r ?an ^? ^: haught9ess1 luxury1 & wantonness 7 describ$ 9 *ap4 iii4 #af ff41 & to :om ! deepe/ abasem5t 0 !n ?reat5$4 ,! fil?1 "u ! image ( :i* s9 is "h repres5t$ 7comp4 ,prov4 xxx4 #ab72 ,a g5]ation pure 9 _! own eyes1 & yet is n wa%$ f _! fil?9ess1 =ms ! contra/ to ! spl5did attire :i* is !re spok5 ( ,beh9d ?is spl5did attire ! fil?9ess is conceal$4 ,! fil? is n wa%$ away 7#a ,cor4 vi4 #aa2 ,eph4 v4 #bf7 f ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem1--=1 inasmu* z ?is wa%+ away is accompli%$ by means ( ! _s ( de/ruction1 x c\ld n apply to !m--b f ,j]usalem2 comp4 ! phrase1 f ! mid/ !re(1 :i* imm$iately foll[s4 ,j]usalem1 ! city ( ! ,"l1 9 :i* no unclean p]son1 & no unclean ?+ are p]mitt$ to dwell1 is cleans$ f ! fil? ) :i* its unwor?y daught]s contam9ate x4 ,& %all remove ! blood ( ,j]usalem4 ,! blood ( ,j]usalem is ! blood :i* atta*es to ,j]usalem1 :i* has be5 %$ 9 x4 ,! connection ( ! puni%m5t ( ! s9s ( av>ice on ! "p ( ! rul]s1 9 *ap4 iii4 #ac-ae1 ) ! puni%m5t ( ! luxury & o/5tation on ! "p ( ! wom51 is illu/rative ( ! relation ( fil? & blood to ea* o!r4 ,blood is %$ 9 ord] to furni% pride & vanity ) ! means ( _! gratification4 ,! av>ice ( ! rul]s1 & _! %$d+ ( blood1 are put toge!r 9 ,ezek4 xxii4 #ac2 comp4 v]4 #bg3 ,h] pr9ces are 9 ! mid/ !re( l wolves rav5+ ! prey1 %$d+ blood1 de/roy+ s\ls1 to get di%one/ ga94 ,bloodguilt9ess ^? too incur :o deprive ! poor ( ! necess>y means ( support1 ,mic4 iii4 #b1 #c4 ,! comp>ison ( ,pg #bb *ap4 i4 #ae3 ,y\r h&s are full ( blood1 & ( v]4 #ba3 ,b n[ murd]]s1 comp>$ ) v]s4 #ag1 #bc1 #bf1 %ews t we h to ?9k especially ( unju/ judges & av>ici\s rul]s4 ,yet1 !re is no reason = limit+ ourselves to ! nobles & rul]s alone2 comp4 ,ezek4 xxii4 #bi3 ,! p ( ! l& use oppression1 & boldly practice robb]y1 & vex ! poor & ne$y1 & oppress ! /rang]4 ,:]e s9s s gross are /ill preval5t1 :]e ! law ( ! ,"l is s wantonly brok51 an in/allation into ! dignity ( ! sa9ts ( ,god is out ( ! "q4 ,= t1 x is absolutely ess5tial t ex]tions be made t ! high de/9ation ( ! p3 ,ye %all be holy = ,i am holy1 become a tru?2 t 9 a moral po9t ( view x %[ itself z truly sep>at$ f ! _w1--& t is some?+ s inf9itely great1 t m5 are utt]ly unable = x1 t x c proce$ f ,god only1 ) :om no?+ is impossible4--,! la/ words ( ! v]se are commonly expla9$3 by ! _s ( judgm5t1 & by ! _s ( de/ruction or burn+4 ,9 t case ! putt+ away ( ! fil? & blood by ! judg+ activity ( ! ,"l1 by ! de/ruction ( s91 w\ld be spok5 ( ,hebrew3 mwp,t1 h[ev]1 may also be tak5 9 ! s5se ( "r3 by ! _s ( "r :i* lays hold (1 & *anges ! well dispos$ 7comp4 ,mic4 iii4 #h3 ,b ,i am full ( p[] by ! ,_s ( ! ,"l1 & ( "r & might71 & by ! _s ( de/ruction :i* consumes ! disob$i5t4 ,9 fav\r ( ! latt] view are ! p>allel passages2 above all1 *ap4 xxviii4 #f1 :]e x is said ( ! ,messianic "t1 ,9 t day ! ,"l w become1 c41 ,& = a _s ( "r to him t sitte? = "r2 f>!r1 *ap4 i4 #bg1 #bh3 ,zion %all be r$eem$ by "r1 & h] conv]ts by righte\sness4 ,b ! transgressors & s9n]s are de/roy$ toge!r1 & !y t =sake ! ,"l are consum$4 ,comp4 ,matt4 iii4 #aa3 ,greek autos humas baptisei en pneumati hagi kai puri1 :]e likewise a d\ble wa%+1 t ( grace & t ( wra?1 is spok5 (4 ,9 *ap4 xxxii4 #ae3 ,until ! ,_s be p\r$ out ^u u f on high1 ,isaiah likewise po9ts to ! reg5]ation :i*1 9 ! ,messianic "t1 w be accompli%$ by ! ,_s2 & x is1 accord+ to ! :ole usus loqu5di ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 mo/ natural to ?9k ( ! ,_s trans=m+ f )9 ,! ,_s ( ,god sc>cely occurs else:]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z ! executor ( ,god's judgm5ts2 s t ! supposition is ,pg #bc v natural t ! _s ( de/ruction has be5 br\ght 9 by ! _s ( "r only4--,! ^w ,hebrew3 b] is1 by "s1 und]/ood z burn+1 by o!rs1 z de/ruction4 ,we ourselves decide 9 fav\r ( ! latt] signification1 :i* occurs also 9 *ap4 iv4 #ac1 = ?is reason1 t x is 9 t signification t ,hebrew3 b] is1 9 ,deut]onomy1 us$ z ! t]m9us te*nicus ( ! extirpation ( ! wick$4 ,if ! ,*ur* does n comply ) ! comm&3 ,greek3 ex>eite ton ponron ex humn autn1 #a ,cor4 v4 #ac2 ,deut4 xiii4 #f 7#e71 ,god himself w en=ce ,8 au?ority by ,8 ,_s1 :o c>ries out ! judgm5ts ( ! av5g+ ,god1 j z ,he c>ries out e influ5ce ( ! ,creator ^u ! creat$4 ,on ! ,_s ( ! ,"l1 comp4 my rem>ks on ,rev4 i4 #d4 ,v]4 #e4 ,! image is "h tak5 f ! j\rney ( ,israel ?r\gh ! wild]ness4 ,dur+ t j\rney1 !y 7 guid$ & protect$ by a symbol ( ,god's pres5ce1 :i* by day pres5t$ itself z smoke1 & by night assum$ ! =m ( flam+ fire4 ,by ?is symbol ! ,god ( ,israel 0 designat$ z ! jeal\s ,god1 z ! liv+1 p]sonal en]gy1 en]getic 9 ,8 love = ,8 p1 en]getic 9 wra? aga9/ ,8 & _! enemies4 ,comp4 especially ,exod4 xiii4 #ba3 ,& ! ,"l w5t be=e !m by day 9 a pill> ( a cl\d to lead !m on ! way1 & by night 9 a pill> ( fire to give !m light2 & xl4 #ch3 ,= a cl\d 0 ^u ! tab]nacle by day1 & fire 0 on x by night2 comp4 ,numb4 ix4 #ae1 #af4 ,! same ph5om5on is to be repeat$ 9 future1 al?\gh 9 a diff]5t =m4 ,9 a mann] ! mo/ real1 ! ,"l w manife/ himself z ! liv+ en]gy ( ,8 ,*ur*1 dwell+ 9 ! mid/ ( h]1 & rul+ ov] h] z a protector1 s t ! _w's p[] c no long] injure h]4 ,t su* w be done 9 & by ,8 ,spr\t1 9 ,*ri/1 appe>s f ! relation ( ! v]se "u consid]ation to v]4 #b2 = ! v]se be=e u /ill belongs to ! expansion ( ! proposition plac$ at ! head ( ! :ole3 ,! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l becomes = beauty & glory1 & ! fruit ( ! l& = exaltation & ornam5t to ! escap$ ( ,israel4 ,*ri/ 9 ,8 p]son & ,_s is ! true ,%e*9ah1 ! true indwell+ ( ,god 9 ,8 ,*ur*4 ,?is indwell+ is1 ev5 9 ! ,law1 designat$ z ! highe/ privilege ( ! cov5ant-p2 its be+ rais$ to a high] p[] is !re=e to ! ,prophet ! highe/ bless+ ( ! future1 ! s\rce f :i* all o!r bless+s fl[4 ,t :i* ! hea!n 9 va9 long$ ,pg #bd = & imag9$2 t :i* ,israel hi!rto possess$ only v imp]fectly1 a praes5s num51 :]eby ! anti!sis ( heav5 & e>? is done away )1 & e>? is glorifi$ into a heav52--t1 ! purifi$ ,*ur* ( ! ,"l possesses 9 ! mo/ p]fect & real mann]1 & 9 x1 absolute security aga9/ ! _w1 a decid$ victory ov] x4 ,! words3 ,ov] h] assemblies1 %[ t ! :ole life ( ! p %all !n be> a religi\s "*1 & %all be a cont9ual s]vice ( ,god1 comp4 ,acts ii4 #db1 :]e1 z a type ( ! completion ( ! ,*ur*1 x is said3 ,& !y cont9u$ /$fa/ly 9 ! ,apo/les' doctr9e & fell[%ip1 & 9 break+ ( bread1 & 9 pray]s4 ,hebrew3 mqra is only ! "n = t :i* is call$1 ! assembly1 & /&s 9 ,levit4 xxiii4 & ,is4 i4 #ac ( ! religi\s assemblies :i* 7 held on ! holy days1 comp4 my pamphlet3 ,ueb] d5 ,tag des ,h]rn ,s4 #cb4 ,! same ph5om5on is1 accord+ to its appe>ance by day1 designat$1 at ! same "t1 z cl\ds & smoke4 ,smoke is nev] vap\r1 vap\ry cl\ds 7,knobel72 & "h ! smoke by day corresponds ) ! flam+ fire by night4 ,if !n ! smoke c be consid]$ z a product ( ! fire only 7comp4 my rem>ks on ,rev4 xv4 #h71 ! cl\d _c come into consid]ation accord+ to its matt]1 b accord+ to its =m only4 ,! smoke assumes ! =m ( a cl\d :i* af=ds protection f ! burn+ sun ( tribulations1 z once1 9 ! burn+ des]t1 f ! scor*+ heat ( ! natural sun1 comp4 ,num4 x4 #cd3 ,& ! cl\d ( ! ,"l 0 ^u !m2 ,ps4 cv4 #ci3 ,he spread a cl\d = a cov]+2 ,is4 xxv4 #e4 ,! cl\d :i* ?us af=ds protection to ! ,*ur* turns a ?reat5+ face t[>ds h] enemies4 ,rev4 xv4 #h4--,! words3 ,= above all glory is a cov]+1 po9t to ! gr\nd ( ! protect+1 graci\s pres5ce ( ,god 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,sev]al int]pret]s expla9 ! s5se ?us3 ,z we cov] & pres]ve preci\s ?+s m c>efully1 9 ord] t !y may n be injur$1 s does ,god 9 ,8 grace surr\nd ,8 ,*ur*1 :i* has be5 adorn$ ) glori\s virtues1 & rais$ to ! high dignity ( ! sa9ts ( ,god1 & protects h] f e dang]4 ,o!rs und]/& by ,hebrew3 kl-kbvd ! :ole glory m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ context2 b 9 t case we %\ld expect ! article4 ,"o may also supply ! limitation3 ,=1 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 !re is a cov]+ ov] all glory4 ,pg #be ,v]4 #f4 ,god--?is is ! same s5se--protects ,8 ,*ur* f e dang] & calamity4 ,by ,8 graci\s pres5ce 9 ,8 ,spr\t1 ,he af=ds to !m t protection :i* a hut does f sun1 /orms1 & ra94 ,lu!r says3 ,9 ?is passage1 accord+ly1 ,*ri/ is held up to u z ,he :o 9 all tribulations1 bodily z well z spiritual1 is our protection4 ,!re is an allusion to ! #ba/ v]se ( ,ps4 xxxi4 7:i* 0 writt5 by ,david73 ,?\ hide/ !m 9 ! secret ( ?y c\nt5ance f ! conspiracy ( e "o2 ?\ keepe/ !m secretly 9 a pavilion f ! /rife ( tongues4 ,! pavilion 9 ?is ,psalm is a spiritual "o1 viz41 ,god's grace & protection4 ,t ^w ( ,david %all be glori\sly fulfill$ :5 ! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l %all appe>4--,! ,sun comes into consid]ation 9 its scor*+ quality2 & ! heat is 9 ,scripture ! image ( temptations1 suff]+s1 & trials2 comp4 rem>ks on ,rev4 viii4 #ab1 xvi4 #h2 ,song ( ,sol4 i4 #f2 ,ps4 cxxi4 #f2 ,matt4 xiii4 #f1 comp>$ ) v4 #ba2 ,is4 xlix4 #aj1 xxv4 #d2 &1 accord+ to ! la/ passage1 we mu/ especially h 9 view ! enmity & assaults ( ! _w's p[]4 ,! ra9 appe>s z an image ( tribulation 9 ! ,song ( ,sol4 ii4 #aa2 ,is4 xxv4 #d3 ,! _s ( ! t]rible ones 7! passions ( ! k+s ( ! _w1 & conqu]ors7 is l a viol5t %[] aga9/ ! wall2 xxxii4 #b4--;,a comp>ison ( ! ,messianic prophecy 9 *ap ii4 ) t :i* we h n[ consid]$ %[s v cle>ly h[ necess>y x is to reg>d ! s+le ,messianic prophecies z fragm5ts only1 supplem5t+ "o ano!r1 inasmu* z commonly a few aspects only 7 pres5t$ to ! spiritual eye ( ! ,prophet4 ,j z ! description 9 *ap4 ii4 receives an important supplem5t f ! passage n[ consid]$1 inasmu* z ! latt] conta9s ! m5tion ( ! p]sonal ,messiah1 s x1 aga91 supplem5ts t be=e u by ann\nc+ ! p>ticipation by ! ,g5tiles 9 ! bless+s ( ! ,messianic ,k+dom4 ,footnote #a3 ,light is ! image ( salvation2 to walk 9 ! light is to enjoy a p>ticipation 9 x4 ,israel is n wantonly to w&] away f ! pa? ( light :i* ! ,"l has op5$ up to !m1 into ! d>k desolation ( mis]y4 ,9 ! words ,hebrew3 lkv vnlkh !re is a cle> ref]5ce to ,hebrew3 lkv vnelh ( ! ,g5tile nations 9 v]4 #c4 ,if ! ,g5tiles apply ) su* zeal = a p>ticipation 9 ! bless+s ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 h[ disgraceful w\ld x be if y1 ! p ( ! cov5ant1 ! *ildr5 ( ! ,k+dom1 %\ld lose y\r glori\s possession by y\r ungodly walk4 ,9 v]s4 #f-aa ! ,prophet /ates ! gr\nds ( 8 admonition to ! p to walk 9 ! light ( ! ,"l :i* he _h express$ 9 ! prec$+ v]se4 ,?is admonition implies t !re exi/$ a dang] ( los+ a p>ticipation 9 ! light2 & x is ?is dang] :i* ! ,prophet "h m p>ticul>ly details4 ,x is n )\t reason1 s ! words may be p>aphras$1 t ,i say3 ,walk ye 9 ! light ( ! ,"l1 = at pres5t ! ,"l has =sak5 ! p on acc\nt ( _! s9s1 & ) t1 a p>ticipation 9 ,8 light is incompatible4 ,by be+ full ( hea!ni% sup]/ition1 ( false confid5ce 9 e>?ly ?+s1 yea1 ev5 ( ! mo/ disgraceful t c be imag9$ = ,israel1 viz41 gross idolatry1 !y r become m & m ripe = ! div9e judgm5t :i* w break 9 irresi/ibly ^u !m4 ,footnote #b3 ,s ,ges5ius also 9 ! ,!saurus3 ,! :ole e>? %all be holy & %all m beautifully bloom & be adorn$ ) pl5ty ( fruits & corn = ! b5efit ( ^? :o h escap$ f ^? calamities4 ,ges5ius' wav]+ cle>ly %[s h[ little satisfaction ! non-,messianic explanation af=ds to its own abettors4 ,besides ! explanations ( ,hebrew3 cm,h ihvh by ! new gr[? ( ! p1 & ! ri* produce ( ! c\ntry1 he advances /ill a ?ird "o1 viz41 a div9ely fav\r$ rul]1--an explanation :i* has ev5 ! gramm> aga9/ x1 z we are at lib]ty to translate only3 ,! ,spr\t ( ! ,"l2 & likewise ! analogy ( ,hebrew3 pri har,c1 accord+ to :i* ! ,g5itive c h a ref]5ce to ! orig9 only4 ,pg #bf ,,! ,,prophecy1 ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,,immanuel4 ,a crisis ( ! mo/ important nature 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel is =m$ by ! ,syrico-,ephraemitic w>1 by ! exp$ition ( ! alli$ k+s1 ,rez9 ( ,damascus1 & ,pekah ( ,sam>ia1 :i* _h be5 already prep>$ "u ! reign ( ,jo?am1 & :i* broke out 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( ,ahaz4 ,x 0 9 consequ5ce ( ?is w> t ,as%ur came into ! l&4 ,! inroad ( ! ,assyrian ,k+1 ,pul1 "u ,m5ahem ( ,israel1 _h be5 transitory only1 comp4 ,vol4 #a4 p4 #afe4 ,x 0 only ) ! invasion "u ,ahaz t ! t5d5cy ( ,as%ur began ( mak+ la/+ conque/s on ! o!r side ( ! ,euphrates1 :i* c\ld n fail to br+ ab\t a collision ) ! ,egyptian p[]4 ,! succe$+ p[]s 9 ,asia & ,europe foll[$ ,as%ur's /eps4 ,hi!rto1--s says ,casp>i1 9 8 pamphlet on ! ,syrico-,ephraemitic w>1 ,s4 #ag ff4--hi!rto ,israel _h to d ) ! small neighb\r+ nations only1--n[1 9 puni%m5t ( _! s9s1 oppress$ by !m2 !n1 9 rew>d ( _! ob$i5ce1 oppress+ & rul+ ov] !m4 ,& ! ,syrico-,ephraemitic w> itself _h be5 a l9k only 9 ! *a9 ( ^! attacks--its la/ l9k4 ,israel1 hav+ arriv$ at ! po9t ( be+ h>d5$1 & hav+ ent]$ ^u a pa? 9 accordance ) ?is t5d5cy1 requir$ ano!r m sev]e corrective--its be+ cru%$ by ! mighty _w's p[]4 ,! appe>ance ( ^! mighty p[]s1 j at ! p]iod :5 ,israel ent]$ ^u _! h>d5+1 is mo/ provid5tial4--,! beg9n+ ( ! end ( ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes _h come1 & ! break+ up ( its indep5d5t political exi/5ce _h comm5c$4 ,z enmity to ,judah _h giv5 its orig9 to ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes1 s also did x br+ ab\t its de/ruction2 born out ( x1 x di$ ( x4 ,x ow$ its exi/5ce to ! incipi5t enmity2 :5 ! latt] 0 accompli%$ 7,isa4 vii4 #f17 x caus$ its dea?4--,! ,assyrians came to ! help ( ,judah1 b *>g$ a high price = _! help1 viz41 ,judah's submission & fealty4 ,?irty heavy ye>s ( s]vitude1 &1 to a great "p1 ( ,pg #bg fe>s ( ! wor/1 #b ,k+s xvi4 #ah2 ,is4 xxxiii4 #ah 7872 xxxvii4 #c1 foll[$ = ?is k+dom also2 & :51 at ! close ( ?is p]iod1 x fre$ itself f !m aft] ! fa%ion ( ! k+dom ( ,israel1 x %>$ ne>ly ! same fate1 #b ,k+s xviii4 #ca ff4 ,x 0 only to ! m]cy ( ! ,"l1 :o look$ graci\sly ^u ! feeble beg9n+s ( conv]sion1 t x ow$ its deliv]ance4 ,! ,assyrian p[]1 :i* _h put an end to ! k+doms ( ,damascus & ,israel1 & :i* 0 ! fir/ p[] t appe>$ on ! /age ( hi/ory & came into conflict ) ! p ( ,god1 became a significant sign ( ! f9al fate ( ! _w's p[] 9 its attacks ^u ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,b1 z a prelude to ! long s]ies ( visitations :i* x _h to endure f ! _w's p[] 9 its diff]5t phases1 ,judah 0 ev5 n[ l$ to ! v br9k ( de/ruction2 !re came a p]iod1 ! #ad? ye> ( ,hezekiah1 :5 almo/ no?+ m ( x 0 to be se5 by ! outw>d eye ?an its metropolis expos$ to ! utmo/ dang]4 ,a rem>kable pro( ( ! fact t ! _s :i* fill$ ! prophets 0 a high] "o ?an _! own1 is ! fact t ,isaiah recogniz$ s di/9ctly & cle>ly ! importance ( ! decisive mom5t4 ,9 close connection ) ! great crisis at :i* ! hi/ory ( ! p ( ,god _h arriv$1 /&s ! ri*] display ( ! ,messianic ann\ncem5t :i* beg9s ) ! *apt] be=e u4 ,messiah is h5ce=? repres5t$ to ,judah z an ,immanuel aga9/ ! _w's p[]s1 z ! surety = its deliv]ance f ! sev]e oppressions hang+ ov] x1 z ,he :o at la/1 at ,8 appe>ance1 w\ld conqu] ! _w1 & lay x at ! feet ( ! p ( ,god4 ,aft] ^! g5]al introductory rem>ks1 let u turn m p>ticul>ly to ! cont5ts ( ! *apt] be=e u4 ,x 0 told to ! h\se ( ,david3 ,aram is encamp$ 9 ,ephraim4 ,! position ( ,ahaz 01 humanly consid]$1 desp]ate4 ,8 enemies 7 f> sup]ior to him1 & he c\ld sc>cely hope = help f heav51 = he _h an evil consci5ce4 ,! idea ( seek+ help f ,as%ur 0 natural4 ,isaiah receiv$ a commission to oppose ?is idea be=e x became a firm resolution4 ,9 do+ s he1 by no means1 occupies ! position ( an +5i\s politician4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! :ole commission is ,pg #bh =c$ ^u him4 ,x c sc>cely be d\bt$ t ! ,assyrians w\ld h p5etrat$ to ,we/]n ,asia1 ev5 if ,ahaz _h n call$ !m to 8 assi/ance4 ,! exp$ition ( ! ,syrians & ,ephraimites ) ! view ( mak+ conque/s1 c\ld n b turn _! att5tion to t qu>t]4 ,z ! in/rum5ts ( ! judgm5ts ^u ,damascus & ,sam>ia1 :i* ,isaiah ann\nc$ z imp5d+ "u any circum/ances1 we c surely ?9k ( none b ,as%ur4 ,b if once !y came into ^! regions1 9 ord] to *a/ise ! haught9ess ( ! ,syrians & ,ephraimites1 :o w\ld set up z a new conqu]+ p[]1 !n 0 ,judah too ?reat5$ by !m4 ,9 a political po9t ( view x did n make any great diff]5ce :e!r ,ahaz s\ght help f ! ,assyrians1 or n2 on ! contr>y1 ! k+ ( ,as%ur c\ld n b be m fav\rably dispos$ t[>ds him = s do+4 ,isaiah1 ?r\gh\t1 r occupies ! position ( ! man ( ,god4 ,! k+s ( ! p ( ,god 71 9 g5]al1 n prev5t$ f =m+ alliances2 b su* alliances mu/ belong to ! category ( p]mitt$ human res\rces4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 0 n ! case "h4 ,as%ur 0 a conqu]+ p[]1 altoge!r selfi%4 ,8 help _h to be pur*as$ ) dep5dance1 & ) ! dang] ( entire de/ruction2 to /ay ^u him 0 to /ay ^u _! de/roy]1 ,is4 x4 #bj4 ,su* an alliance 0 a de facto d5ial ( ! ,god ( ,israel1 an insult to ,8 omnipot5ce & grace4 ,if ,ahaz _h obey$ ,him2 if he _h limit$ himself to ! use ( ! human means grant$ to him by ! ,"l )\t tru/+ 9 !m1 & _h plac$ all 8 confid5ce 9 ! ,"l1 ,he w\ld h deliv]$ him 9 ! same mann] z ,he aft]w>ds deliv]$ ,hezekiah1 9 ! fir/ in/ance f ,aram & ,ephraim1 & !n f ,as%ur also4 ,b al?\gh ,ahaz did n foll[ ! prophet1 8 mission 0 by no means 9 va94 ,ev5 be=e ! mission1 ?is result lay op5 be=e ! ,"l :o s5t him4 ,! great po9t 0 to e/abli%1 be=e ! fir/ conflict ( ,israel ) ! _w's p[]1 ?us mu*1 t ?is conflict _h be5 br\ght ab\t by ! s9 ( ! h\se ( ,david1 & t h5ce x did n af=d any cause = d\bt+ ! omnipot5ce & m]cy ( ! ,"l ^: help _h be5 (f]$1 b reject$4 ,! ,prophet seeks out ! k+ at a place to :i* he _h be5 driv5 by 8 despair+ disquietude :i* 0 cl++ convulsively to human res\rces4 ,he endeav\rs1 fir/1 to ex]t ,pg #bi an influ5ce ^u him by tak+ ) him 8 son1 ^: symbolical "n1 conta9+ a prophecy ( ! future de/9ies ( ! p1 indicat$ t ! k+'s fe> ( a total de/ruction ( ! ,/ate 0 )\t f\ndation4 ,aft] ! k+ has ?us be5 prep>$1 he endeav\rs to make a deep] impression ^u him by ! ann\ncem5t1 di/9ct & ref]r+ to ! pres5t case1 t ! enemies %\ld n only entirely fail 9 _! int5tion ( conqu]+ & divid+ betwe5 !mselves ! k+dom ( ,judah2 b t ! k+dom ( ,ephraim 0 itself ha/5+ t[>ds t de/ruction :i* x 0 prep>+ = its bre?r51 & t aft] sixty-five ye>s x %\ld altoge!r lose its national indep5d5ce & exi/5ce1 v]4 #a-i4 ,b ,ahaz makes no reply2 & 8 :ole deportm5t %[s t he does n foll[ ! ,prophet's exhortation to take he$ & be quiet1 & t ! words3 ,if ye d n believe1 ye %all n be e/abli%$1 ) :i* ! ,prophet closes 8 address1 h n made any impression ^u him4 ,9 ord] t ! greatness ( ! k+'s h>dness ( he>t may become manife/1 ! ,prophet (f]s1 9 ! commission ( ! ,"l1 to confirm ! c]ta9ty ( 8 /atem5t by a miracul\s sign1 :i* ! k+ himself is call$ ^u to fix1 )\t any re/riction1 9 ord] t any suspicion ( imposition may be remov$4 ,b ,ahaz1 ! unbeliev]1 is afraid ( heav5ly communications1 has already *os5 8 help1 wi%es t e ?+ %\ld g on 9 an easy human mann]1 & refuses ! ,"l's (f] 9 a polite turn :i* ev5 ref]s to ! ,law4 ,a sign is !n =c$ ^u him1 because z ! k+ ( ,judah1 he mu/ see & he> = all ,judah t ! ,"l is fai?ful & good4#a ,! ,prophet1 9 v]4 #ad1 po9ts to ! bir? ( ! ,savi\r by a ,virg94 ,h[ !n 0 x possible t 9 ! pres5t collision t p %\ld be de/roy$1 among :om1 accord+ to =m] promises4 ,he 0 to be born2 t t family %\ld be ext+ui%$ f :i* he 0 to be desc5d$8 ,! "n ,immanuel1 by :i* ! future ,savi\r is designat$ z ,he 9 :om ! ,"l is1 9 ! true/ mann]1 to be ) ,8 p1 is a gu>antee = ,8 help 9 ! pres5t di/ress also4 ,! ,prophet !n /ates ! "t 9 :i* ! l& %all be entirely deliv]$ f its pres5t enemies4 ,! contempor>ies1 z ! repres5tative ( :om ,pg #cj ! *ild appe>s 7! ,prophet1 9 ! en]gy ( 8 fai?1 has transf]r$ ! bir? ( ?is *ild f ! future to ! pres5t71 %all1 aft] ! %ort space ( ab\t two ye>s1 aga9 obta9 ! full enjoym5t ( ! products ( ! l&1 v]4 #ae4 ,=1 be=e ?is p]iod has elaps$1 de/ruction w fall ^u ! ho/ile k+s 9 _! own l&1 v]4 #af4 ,! dang]1 h[ev]--& ?is is po9t$ out 9 v]4 #ag-be--w come f j t qu>t] f :i* ,ahaz expects help1 viz41 f ,as%ur4 ,b ! security = deliv]ance f ?is dang] also--! conqu]or ( ! _w's p[] :i* 0 soon to beg9 its c\rse 9 ,as%ur1 is none o!r ?an ,immanuel1 :om ! ,prophet1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! humiliation ( ! p ( ,god1 makes1 s to say1 to become man1 9 ord] t1 dur+ ! imp5d+ deep humiliation ( ! p ( ,god1 ,he may accompany x 9 its hi/ory dur+ all ! /ages ( its exi/5ce1 until ,he %\ld really become man4 ,he is1 h[ev] 9 ?is disc\rse1 n yet po9t$ out z ! deliv]] f ,as%ur1 & ! _w's p[] repres5t$ by him4 ,! d>kness ( ! mis]y to be inflict$ by ,as%ur %\ld n1 & c\ld n1 9 ! meantime1 be cle>$ up = ,ahaz2 ! picture mu/ end 9 night4 ,b 9 ! foll[+ disc\rse1 *ap4 viii4 #a1 ix4 #f 7#g71 :i* s]ves z a necess>y supplem5t to ! "o be=e u1 ! ,savi\r is depict$ be=e ! eyes ( ^? despair+ 9 ! sight ( ,as%ur2 & ! two-fold repetition ( ,8 "n ,immanuel1 9 *ap4 viii4 #h1 #aj1 s]ves to %[ t ! two disc\rses are intimately connect$1 & =m "o :ole4 ,ahaz p]sev]$ 9 8 unbelief1 accord+ to #b ,k+s xvi4 #g1 #h4 ,he s5t mess5g]s ) l>ge pres5ts to ,tigla?-piles]1 ,k+ ( ,assyria1 say+3 ,i am ?y s]vant & ?y son 7a ^w z om9\s z t3 ',we h no k+ b ,cs>1'9 ,john xix4 #ce72 come up & save me out ( ! h& ( ! ,k+ ( ,aram1 & out ( ! h& ( ! ,k+ ( ,israel :i* rise up aga9/ me4 ,b be=e ! ask$-= help came1 k+ & p _h to endure v sev]e suff]+s f ,aram & ,ephraim4 ,ahaz1 aft] hav+ fir/ made prep>ations to secure ,j]usalem aga9/ ! imp5d+ siege1 s5t out 8 armies4 ,!y met ) a tw(old heavy defeat f ! divid$ armies ( ! alli$ k+s1#b f :i* he might h be5 sp>$ by ,pg #ca be+ /ill1 & hop+4 ,! ho/ile armies !n came up to ,j]usalem1 & laid siege to x4 ,x 0 probably by ! intellig5ce ( ! advance ( ,as%ur t !y 7 induc$ to raise ! siege4 ,x 0 n[ confirm$ t ! ,prophet _h be5 "r 9 designat+ ! two ho/ile k+s z m]e tails ( smok+ firebr&s4 ,damascus 0 tak5 by ! ,k+ ( ,ophir2 ! inhabitants 7 c>ri$ away into exile to ,kir2 ,rez9 0 sla91 #b ,k+s xvi4 #i3 ! l& ( ,israel 0 deva/at$2 a portion ( its inhabitants 0 c>ri$ away into exile2 ! k+ 0 made tribut>y1 #b ,k+s xv4 #bi4 ,exactly at ! "t fix$ by ! ,prophet1 ! ov]?r[ ( ! two ho/ile k+doms took place2 b ! deliv]ance :i*1 )\t any f>!r sacrifice1 ,ahaz w\ld h obta9$1 if he _h believ$ ! ,prophet1 _h n[ to be pur*as$ by v heavy sacrifices2 & ) p]fect ju/ice x is said 9 #b ,*ron4 xxviii4 #bj1 #ba1 t ! k+ ( ,as%ur did n help him1 b r1 by com+ unto him1 di/ress$ him4 ,ahaz pur*as$ ?is help at ! price ( 8 indep5d5ce1 & _h probably to submit to v h>d claims be+ made ^u him4 7,casp>i1 ,s4 #fj47 ,! _w's p[]1 to :i* ,ahaz _h (f]$ a f+]1 seiz$1 m & m1 ! :ole h&1 & held x by a firm grasp4 ,"u ,hezekiah1 fai? broke ?r\gh ! consequ5ces ( ! s9 ( ! family2 b ?is int]ruption la/$ z long only z did ! fai?4 ,9 addition to t :i* ,ahaz _h1 = 8 unbelief1 to suff] f ,aram1 ,ephraim1 & ,as%ur1 came ! rebellion ( ! neighb\r+ nations1--( ! ,edomites1 accord+ to #b ,*ron4 xxviii4 #ag1 & ( ! ,phili/9es1 accord+ to v]4 #ah4 ,v]4 #a4 ,& x came to pass 9 ! days ( ,ahaz1 ! son ( ,jo?am1 ! son ( ,uzziah1 t ,rez91 ! k+ ( ,aram1 & ,pekah ! son ( ,remaliah1 ! k+ ( ,israel1 w5t up t[>d ,j]usalem1 to w> aga9/ x1 & c\ld n fight aga9/ x4 ,9 ?us trac+ back ! p$igree ( ,ahaz to ,uzziah1 !re is a ref]5ce to *ap4 vi4 #a3 ,9 ! ye> t ,k+ ,uzziah ,pg #cb di$1 c4 ,^! two *apt]s /& relat$ to ea* o!r z prophecy & fulfilm5t4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> ( ,uzziah's dea? t ! ,prophet _h be5 seiz$ ) fe>ful =ebod+s2 & by ! div9e ^w ^! fe>ful =ebod+s _h soon be5 rais$ into a cle> k ( ! ?reat5+ judgm5ts :i* 7 imp5d+4 ,"u ,ahaz1 ! second successor ( ,uzziah1 ?is k began to be realiz$1 keep+ pace ) ! h>d5+ :i* 9 ,ahaz _h become p]sonifi$4 ,he1 ! type ( ! unbeliev+ ,jewi% p1 did n he> & und]/&1 did n see & p]ceive2 & ! ann\ncem5t ( ! ,prophet s]v$ m]ely to increase 8 h>d5+4 ,ev5 z e>ly z t1 ! g]m ( ! c>ry+ away ( ! p1 ann\nc$ by ! ,prophet 9 *ap4 vi41 0 =m$4--,! circum/ance ( ! ho/ile k+s be+ introduc$ z go+ up implies ! spiritual elevation ( ,j]usalem2 comp4 rem>ks on ,ps4 xlviii4 #c2 xlviii4 #ag4 ,! city ( ,god is unconqu]able unless h] inhabitants &1 above all1 ! ano9t$ "o ( ,god1 make1 by _! unbelief1 _! glori\s privilege ( no avail4 ,9 ! la/ words3 ,& c\ld n fight aga9/ x1 7! s+ul> ,hebrew3 ikl because ,rez9 is ! *ief p]son1 ,rez9 & ,pekah be+ id5tical ) ,rez9 ) ,pekah1 comp4 ,e/h4 iv4 #af71 ! result ( ! siege is anticipat$2 & ?is is easily acc\nt$ = by ! consid]ation t v]4 #a s]ves z an introduction to ! :ole acc\nt1 /at+1 9 g5]al t]ms1 ! circum/ances :i* induc$ ! ,prophet to come publicly =w>d4 ,9 ! foll[+ v]ses1 ! %>e only is m5tion$ :i* ! ,prophet took 9 ! matt]2 & ! acc\nt is clos$ aft] he has dis*>g$ 8 commission4 ,! app>5t contradiction to #b ,k+s xvi4 #e1 accord+ to :i* ,j]usalem 0 really besieg$1--a contradiction :i* occurs also 9 t passage itself3 ,& !y besieg$ ,ahaz1 & c\ld n fight--is mo/ simply reconcil$ by ! rem>k t a fruitless /ruggle c1 z x 71 n be call$ a /ruggle1 j z1 e4 g41 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 su* z h a "n little kn[n are spok5 ( z be+ )\t a "n4 ,v]4 #b1 ,& x 0 told to ! h\se ( ,david1 say+3 ,aram re/s ^u ,ephraim4 ,!n 8 he>t trembl$1 & ! he>t ( 8 p1 l z ! trembl+ ( ! trees ( ! wood be=e ! w9d4 ,! repres5tative ( ! h\se ( ,david 01 accord+ to ,pg #cc v]4 #a1 ,ahaz1 to :om ! suffix 9 ,hebrew3 lbbv ref]s4 ,x is !reby intimat$ t ,ahaz does n come into consid]ation z an individual1 b z a repres5tative ( ! :ole ,davidic family1 ( :i* ! memb]s 7 responsible1 conjunctly & sev]ally1 & :i* 9 ,ahaz d5i$ _! ,god1 & gave !mselves up to ! _w's p[]1--a de$ ( ! family f ! consequ5ces ( :i* a h]oic fai? only1 l t ( ,hezekiah1 c\ld deliv]1 b 9 su* a mann] only t x at once became valid aga9 :5 ?is fai? ceas$1 until at l5g? 9 ,*ri/ ! h\se ( ,david 0 rais$ to glory4 ,v]4 #ai %[s t ,hebrew3 nv,h mu/ be tak5 9 ! signification to let oneself d[n1 to sit d[n1 to encamp4 ,! angui% ( ! natural man1 :o has n 8 /r5g? 9 ,god at ! break+ 9 ( dang]1 is mo/ graphically describ$4 ,v]4 #c4 ,& ! ,"l said to ,isaiah3 ,g out to meet ,ahaz1 ?\ & ,%e>ja%ub ?y son1 at ! end ( ! conduit ( ! upp] pool1 9 ! highway ( ! full]'s field4 ,:y is ! ,prophet to seek out ! k+ j at ?is place8 ,! answ] is giv5 by *ap4 xxii4 #b4 ,& a res]voir y make betwe5 ! two walls = ! wat]s ( ! old pool3 & n d ye look unto him :o makes x 7viz41 ! imp5d+ calamity71 & n d ye reg>d him :o fa%ion$ x long ago4 ,:5 a siege ( ,j]usalem 0 imm95t1 9 ! l[] t]ritory1 ! fir/ task 0 to cut (f ! wat] f ! ho/ile army4 ,?is measure ,hezekiah1 accord+ to #b ,*ron4 xxxii4 #c1 took aga9/ ,s5na*]ib3 ,& he took c\nsel ) 8 pr9ces & 8 mighty m51 to /op ! wat]s ( ! f\nta9s :i* 7 )\t ! city1 & !y help$ him4 ,t might be done 9 fai?2 b he :o1 l ,ahaz1 did n /& 9 ! fai?1 s\ght 9 x1 p] se1 8 safety2 8 despair+ he>t clung to su* measures4 ,! /opp+ ( ! f\nta9s 01 9 8 case1 on a level ) seek+ help f ! ,assyrians4 ,x is ?us 9 ! mid/ ( 8 s9 t ! ,prophet seeks out ! k+1 & recalls to 8 consci5ce3 take he$ & be quiet4 ,b :y did ! ,prophet take 8 son ,%e>ja%ub ) him8 ,x surely _c be )\t significance2 = o!rwise x w\ld n h be5 record$1 f> less w\ld x h be5 done at ! express comm& ( ! ,"l4 ,z ! boy does n appe> actively1 ! reason c only be 9 ! signification ( ! "n4 ,accord+ to *ap4 viii41 ! ,prophet 0 accu/om$ to give to ,pg #cd 8 sons symbolical names :i* _h a relation to ! de/9ies ( ! nation4 ,!y 71 accord+ to *ap4 viii4 #ah1 = signs & = wond]s 9 ,israel4 ,b z an int]pretation ( ! "n1 ! passage *ap4 x4 #ba is to be consid]$3 ,! remnant %all return1 ! remnant ( ,jacob unto ! mighty ,god4 ,! ^w ,hebrew3 wvb c1 accord+ly1 be und]/ood ( return+ to ! ,"l1 ( rep5tance only1 comp4 *ap4 i4 #bg2 ,hos4 iii4 #e4 ,b ) rep5tance ! recov]y ( salvation is indissolubly connect$4 ,! reason :y x is impossible t !y :o commit ! s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ %all nev] recov] salvation lies solely 9 ! circum/ance1 t x is impossible t !y %\ld be r5ew$ to rep5tance4 ,! fundam5tal passage1 :i* is compreh5d$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,prophet's son3 ,& ?\ returne/ unto ! ,"l ?y ,god4444 ,& ! ,"l ?y ,god turne? ?y captivity 7i4e41 ?y mis]y71 & ha? compassion ^u !e1 & returne? & ga!re? !e f all ! nations 7,deut4 xxx4 #b1 #c71 emphatically po9ts out ! indissoluble connection ( ! return to ! ,"l1 & ( ! return ( ! ,"l to ,8 p4 ,?is connection comes out s mu* ! m cle>ly1 :5 we consid] t1 accord+ to ,scripture1 rep5tance is n ! "w ( man b ( ,god1 & is no?+ else b ! beg9n+ ( ! be/[al ( salvation2 comp4 ,deut4 xxx4 #f3 ,& ! ,"l ?y ,god circumcise? ?9e he>t1 & ! he>t ( ?y se$ to love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?9e he>t1 & ) all ?y s\l1 t ?\ maye/ live2 ,ze*4 xii4 #aj4 ,k+ & p fe>$ entire de/ruction2 & x 0 at ?is t _! p[]ful enemies aim$4 ,isaiah took 8 son ) him1 z ! liv+ pro( ( ! pres]vation ( ! nation1 ev5 amid/ ! mo/ fe>ful de/ruction ( ! great] "p ( x4 ,aft] hav+ 9 ?is mann] endeav\r$ to free _! m9ds f ! extreme ( fe>1 he seeks to elevate !m to joyful hopes1 by ! prophetical ann\ncem5t prop]1 :i* %[$ t1 f ?is qu>t]1 n ev5 ! future great judgm5t1 :i* w\ld leave a portion only1 0 to be fe>$4 ,v]4 #d4 ,& say unto him3 ,take he$ & be quiet2 fe> n1 nor let ?y he>t be t5d] = ! two ends ( ^! smok+ firebr&s1 = ! fi]ce ang] ( ,rez9 & ,aram1 & ( ! son ( ,remaliah4 ,pg #ce ,! words ,take he$ po9t to ! dang]\s consequ5ces ( fe>2 comp4 v]4 #i3 ,if ye d n believe1 ye %all n be e/abli%$4 ,on ! words be quiet1 lit41 make quiet1 viz41 ?y he>t & walk1 comp4 *ap4 xxx4 #ae3 ,= ?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,by return+ & re/ ye %all be sav$2 9 quietness & confid5ce %all be y\r /r5g?2 & ye w\ld n4 ,su* z he 01 ,ahaz c\ld n respond to ! exhortations to be quiet4 ,quietness is a product ( fai?4 ,b ! way ( fai? /ood op5 to ,ahaz e mom5t1 & by 8 promis+ ^w & by 8 example1 ! ,prophet invit$ him to ent] ^u x4 ,9 ! words3 ,fe> n1 c41 !re is an unmi/akable ref]5ce to ,deut4 xx4 #a1 ff41 accord+ to :i* passage ! prie/ 01 on ! occasion ( ho/ile oppression1 to speak to ! p3 ,let n y\r he>ts be t5d]1 & be n t]rifi$4 ,t :i*1 9 ! ,law1 ! prie/ 0 comm&$ to d1 is "h done by ! ,prophet1 :o 0 oblig$ s (t5 to /ep 9 z a sub/itute1 :5 ! class ( ! ord9>y s]vants fell %ort ( ! height ( _! call+4--,! firebr& is ! image ( ! conqu]or :o de/roys c\ntries by ! fire ( w>1 comp4 rem>ks on ,rev4 viii4 #h4 ,! ,prophet is j ab\t to ann\nce to ! ho/ile k+s _! imp5d+ ov]?r[2 = ?is reason1 he calls !m ends ( firebr&s1 :i* no long] blaze1 b only glimm]4 ,he calls !m ?us because he consid]s !m ) ! eye ( fai?2 to ! bodily eye a bright flame /ill pres5t$ itself1 z ! la/ words3 ,= ! fi]ce ang]1 c41 & v]s4 #e & #f %[4 ,*ryso/om rem>ks3 ,he calls ^! k+s 'firebr&s1'to indicate at ! same "t _! viol5ce1 & t !y are to be easily ov]come2 & x is = ?is reason1 t he adds 'smok+1'i4e41 t !y 7 ne> be+ altoge!r ext+ui%$4 ,v]s4 #e1 #f4 ,because ,aram m$itates evil aga9/ !e1 ,ephraim & ! son ( ,remaliah1 say+3 ,let u g up aga9/ ,judah1 & drive x to extremity1 & conqu] x = u1 & set up z a k+ 9 ! mid/ ( x ! son ( ,tabeal4 ,we h "h1 f>!r c>ri$ out1 ! ?\ght indicat$ by ! words3 = ! fi]ce ang]1 c4 ,! int]val1 9 ! orig9al text1 betwe5 v]s4 #f & #g1 is put 9 to prev5t ! false connection ( ^! v]ses ) v]4 #g 7,hitzig & ,ewald74--,hebrew3 qv,c always means to loa!1 to exp]i5ce disgu/2 "h1 ,pg #cf 9 ,hiph41 to cause disgu/1 to drive to extremity2 comp4 my "w on ,balaam1 ,rem4 on ,num4 xxii4 #c4--;,hebrew3 bqe means always3 to cleave asund]1 to op51 to conqu]4--,! words3 ,= u1 %[ t ,tabeal is to be ! vassal only ( ! two k+s4 ,! absolute confid5ce ) :i* ! ,prophet recognizes ! futility ( ! plan ( ! two k+s1 =ms a gl>+ contra/ to ! mod]n view ( ,prophetism1 ,v]4 #b %[s 9 :at light ord9>y consci\sness did1 & c\ld n fail to look on ! !n exi/+ /ate ( ?+s4 ,v]4 #g4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ,jehovah3 ,x %all n /&1 nei!r %all x come to pass4 7,a plan /&s :5 x is c>ri$ out47 ,v]4 #h4 ,= ! head ( ,aram is ,damascus1 & ! head ( ,damascus is ,rez91 & 9 ?reescore & five ye>s m1 ,ephraim %all be brok51 & be no m a p4 ,v]4 #i4 ,& ! head ( ,ephraim is ,sam>ia1 & ! head ( ,sam>ia is ,remaliah's son4 ,if ye believe n1 ye %all n be e/abli%$4 ,ea* ( ^! two v]ses =ms a complete :ole4--,! words3 ,= ! head ( ,aram1 c41 to ,rez9 receive _! explanation f ! anti!sis to v]s4 #e & #f1 :]e ! k+ ( ,aram & ! k+ ( ,ephraim _h decl>$ _! int5tion ( ext5d+ _! dom9ion ov] ,judah4 ,z1 conc]n+ ?is int5tion & ?is hope1 ! ,"l has decl>$ ,8 w t x %all n be1 we mu/ und]/&3 ,n z reg>ds ,judah1 & n z reg>ds ,j]usalem4 ,x is 9 va9 t m5's ?\ghts exalt !mselves aga9/ ! purposes ( ,god4 ,f ,aram1 ! ,prophet turns1 9 ! second "p ( ! v]se1 to ,ephraim3 ,& ev5 ,ephraim6 ,:at c\ld x prevail aga9/ ! ,"l & ,8 ,k+dom6 ,x surely %\ld give up all attempts to get m2 its days are numb]$1 ! sword is already susp5d$ ov] its own head4 ,b inasmu* z x is possible1 al?\gh n likely1 t ,ephraim1 be=e its own ov]?r[1 may /ill br+ evil ^u ,judah1 ?is is expressly d5i$ 9 v]4 #i3 ,sam>ia1 accord+ to ! c\nsel ( ,god1 & ! limit assign$ to x1 is ! head ( ,ephraim only1 & n1 at ! same "t1 ( ,judah1 c4 ,) ?is are !n connect$ ! clos+ words3 ,if ye believe n1 ye %all n be e/abli%$ 7prop]ly1 ! consequ5ce w be t ye d n cont9ue71 :i* are equival5t to x3 x is h5ce n ,sam>ia ,pg #cg & ! son ( ,remaliah t y h to fe>2 ! enemy :om y h to dread1 :om y h to cont5d aga9/ ) pray] & supplication1 is 9 y\rselves4 ,take he$ le/ a simil> cause produce a simil> effect1 z 9 ! la/ clause ( v]4 #h x has be5 ?reat5$ aga9/ ,ephraim4--,?is prophecy & w>n+1 "o w\ld h expect$ to h produc$ an effect s mu* ! deep]1 because !y 7 n utt]$ by "s obscure fanatic1 b by a wor?y memb] ( a class :i* _h 9 its fav\r ! sanction ( ! ,lawgiv]1 & :i* 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies _h be5 s (t5 & s glori\sly own$ & ackn[l$g$ by ,god4#c ,pg #ch ,v]s4 #aj1 #aa4 ,& ! ,"l spoke f>!r unto ,ahaz1 say+1 ,ask !e a sign ( ! ,"l ?y ,god2 ask x f ! dep?1 or above f ! height4 ,ahaz obs]v$ a dignifi$ sil5ce aft] ^? words ( ! ,prophet2 b 8 :ole mann] %ews ! ,prophet t !y h n made any impression ^u him4 ,if ,david's _s _h re/$ on ,ahaz1 he w\ld surely1 if he _h wav]$ at all1 h1 on ! ^w ( ! ,prophet1 ?r[n himself into ! arras ( 8 ,god4 ,b 9 ord] t ! dep? ( 8 apo/acy1 ! greatness ( 8 guilt1 & ! ju/ice ( ! div9e judgm5ts may become manife/1 ,god %[s him ev5 a deep] condesc5sion4 ,! ,prophet (f]s to prove ! tru? ( 8 ann\ncem5t by any miracul\s "w :i* ! k+ himself %\ld det]m9e1 & f :i* he might1 at ! same "t1 see ,god's omnipot5ce1 & ! ,div9e mission ( ! ,prophet4 ,z ,ahaz refus$ ! (f]$ sign1 ! ^w #b ,tim4 ii4 #ab1 #ac3 ,greek3 ei arn\me?a1 kake9os arnsetai hmas4 ei api/\m51 eke9os pi/os m5ei--arnsa/hai g> heauton ou dunatai came into application4 ,accord+ to ,deut4 vii4 #i ff4 ! tru? & fai?fulness ( ,god mu/ n[ manife/ itself 9 ! ,pg #ci infliction ( sev]e visitations ^u ! h\se ( ,david4--,! "* ( a sign is1 9 g5]al1 borne by ev]y?+ :i* s]ves = c]tify+ facts :i* belong to ! t]ritory ( fai?1 & n to t ( sight4 #a4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ! sign consi/s 9 a m]e nak$ ^w2 ?us 9 ,exod4 iii4 #ab3 ,& ?is %all be ! sign unto !e t ,i h s5t !e3 ,:5 ?\ ha/ br\ght =? ! p out ( ,egypt1 ye %all s]ve ,god ^u ?is m\nta94 ,moses'd\bts ( ! tru? ( 8 ,div9e mission orig9at$ 9 ! consci\sness ( 8 own unwor?9ess1 & 9 ! condition ( ^? to :om he 0 s5t4 ,f ^! d\bts he 0 deliv]$ by ! ann\ncem5t t1 at ! place :]e he _h be5 call$1 he1 at ! head ( ! deliv]$ p1 %\ld s]ve 8 ,god4 ,?is 0 to him a sign t ,god 0 9 e>ne/ 9 call+ him4 #b4 ,9 o!r in/ances ! assurance giv5 by ! sign consi/s 9 its p]ceptibility & corporeality2 s t ! ^w assumes1 z x 71 fle% & blood4 ,a case ( ?is k9d x is1 e4g41 :51 9 *ap4 viii4 #ah1 ,isaiah calls 8 two sons1 to :om1 at ! comm& ( ,god1 he _h giv5 symbolical names1 expressive ( ! future salvation ( ! cov5ant-p1 ,signs & wond]s 9 ,israel2 f>!r1 *ap4 xx4 #c1 :]e ! ,prophet walks nak$ & b>efoot = a sign ( ! calamity imp5d+ ov] ,egypt & ,e?iopia 9 ?ree ye>s4 #c4 ,9 ano!r class ( signs1 a fact is ann\nc$ :i* is1 9 itself1 natural1 b n to be =ese5 by any human comb9ation1 ! com+ to pass ( :i*1 9 ! imm$iate future1 furni%es ! pro( t1 at a di/ant future1 t w be fulfill$ :i* 0 =etold z imp5d+4 ,! wond]ful elem5t1 & ! demon/rative p[] d n1 9 su* a case1 lie 9 ! matt] ( ! sign1 b 9 ! tell+ ( x be=eh&4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t1 9 #a ,sam4 x41 ,samuel gives sev]al signs to ,saul1 t ,god _h de/9$ him to be k+1 e4g41 t 9 a place exactly fix$1 he w\ld meet two m5 :o w\ld br+ him ! intellig5ce t ! lo/ asses 7 f\nd2 t1 f>!r onw>ds1 he w\ld meet ) ?ree m51 "o ( :om w\ld be c>ry+ ?ree kids1 ano!r1 ?ree loaves ( bread1 & ano!r1 a bottle ( w9e1 c4 ,9 #a ,sam4 ii4 #cd1 ! sudd5 dea? ( 8 two sons is giv5 to ,eli z a sign t all ! calamities ?reat5$ aga9/ 8 family %\ld c]ta9ly come to pass4 ,9 ,j]4 xliv4 #bi1 #cj1 ! imp5d+ defeat ( ,ph>aoh-,hophras is giv5 z a sign ( ! div9e v5geance break+ 9 ^u ! ,jews 9 ,egypt4 ,ev5 be=e ! ,pg #dj ?+ came to pass1 x c\ld n 9 su* a case1 be o!rwise ?an t ! previ\s condition & f\ndation br\ght be=e ! eyes 9 a lively mann] 7,j]4 xliv4 #cj3 ,behold1 ,i give ,ph>aoh-,hophras into ! h&s ( 8 enemies7 gave a p[]ful %ock to ! d\bts z to :e!r ! fact 9 "q w\ld come to pass4 #d4 ,9 o!r cases1 ! assurance 0 giv5 9 su* a mann]1 t all d\bts z to ! tru? ( ! ann\ncem5t 7 set at re/ by ! imm$iate p]=mance ( a miracul\s "w go+ beyond ! ord9>y laws ( nature4 ,?us1 e4g41 ,isaiah says to ,hezekiah1 9 *ap4 xxviii4 #g3 ,& ?is %all be ! sign unto !e f ! ,"l1 t ! ,"l w d ?is ?+ :i* ,he has spok51 &1 z a sign t ! ,"l w\ld add fifte5 ye>s to ! life ( ! ,k+1 :o 0 sick unto dea?1 he makes ! %ad[ on ! sun-dial ( ,ahaz to g back t5 degrees4 ,( ?is description 7 also ! signs grant$ to ,gideon1 &1 9 _m respects1 ! plagues 9 ,egypt also4 ,9 ! passage be=e u1 no o!r sign c possibly be spok5 ( ?an "o ( ! two la/ classes4 ,= x 0 a real1 miracul\s sign only :i* c\ld possibly ex]t any influ5ce on a m9d s d>k5$ z 0 t ( ,ahaz1 & x 0 ! va9 (f] ( su* an "o only :i* 0 fitt$ to br+ to light 8 obduracy4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,prophet 0 will+ & able to give a real1 miracul\s sign1 :y1 !n1 is ! answ] ( ,ahaz s unsuitable8 ,& we c surely n suppose1 z ,mei] does1 t he %\ld h int5tionally misund]/ood ! ,prophet4 ,! temptation ( ! ,"l by ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 to :i* ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 ,deut4 vi4 #af1 quot$ by ,ahaz1 ref]s1 consi/$1 accord+ to ,exod4 xvii41 9 _! hav+ ask$ wat]1 z a miracul\s sign t ! ,"l 0 truly 9 ! mid/ ( !m4 ,h[ c\ld ! ,prophet reproa* ,ahaz ) hav+ (f5d$1 n m5 m]ely1 b ,god1 unless he _h (f]$ to prove1 by a fact :i* lay absolutely beyond ! limits ( nature1 ! tru? ( 8 ann\ncem5t1 ! div9ity ( ,him :o gave x1 ! div9ity ( 8 own mission1 & ! s\ndness ( 8 advice8 ,h5dew]k is ( op9ion t x is difficult to say :at ! au?or w\ld h made to be ! sign 9 ! heav5s2 probably1 a v simple ?+4 ,b 9 mak+ ?is objection x is =gott5 t ,isaiah gives free *oice to ! k+4 ,hitzig says3 ,)\t kn[+ x1 ,isaiah "h plays a v dang]\s game4 ,= if ,ahaz _h accept$ 8 proposition1 ,jehovah w\ld ,pg #da probably h left ,8 s]vant 9 ! lur*1 & he w\ld h begun to d\bt ( 8 ,god & ( himself4 ,9 ^! words1 at all ev5ts1 x is conc$$ t ! prophets !mselves w\ld n be :at p 9 mod]n times w\ld h !m to be4 ,if su* 0 _! position t[>ds miracles1 !n1 9 _! own convictions1 prophecies1 too1 mu/ be some?+ else ?an g5]al descriptions1 & indef9ite =ebod+s4 ,b h[ %\ld x h be5 possible t an ord] c\ld h ma9ta9$ itself = c5turies1 ! mo/ prom95t memb]s ( :i* gave !mselves up to su* en?usia/ic imprud5ce & ra%ness8 ,moreov]1 x is ov]look$ t aft]w>ds1 to ,hezekiah1 our ,prophet grants t 9 reality :i* "h he (f]s to ,ahaz 9 va91--,hebrew3 hemq & ,hebrew3 hgbh are ,inf94 absol4 go+ high1 go+ l[4 ,! ,imp]at4 ,hebrew3 walh mu/ be und]/ood aft] ,hebrew3 hgbh also4 ,"s expla9 ,hebrew3 walh by to hell1 d[n to hell2 b ?is is aga9/ ! =m ( ! ^w1 :i* x w\ld be arbitr>y to *ange4 ,nor does "o exactly see h[1 if we except1 p]haps1 ! app>ition ( "o dead1 ,isaiah c\ld h giv5 to ! k+ a sign f ! ,%eol2 & 9 o!r passages1 too 7comp4 ,joel iii4 #c ii4 #cj71 signs 9 ! heav5s & 9 ! e>? are contra/$ ) "o ano!r4 ,!odoret rem>ks t bo? k9ds ( miracles1 among :i* ! ,"l "h all[$ a *oice to ,ahaz1 7 grant$ by ,him to 8 pi\s son1 ,hezekiah1 inasmu* z ,he wr\ght a ph5om5on 9 heav5 :i* affect$ ! go+ back ( ! %ad[ on ! sun-dial ( ,ahaz2 & on e>?1 inasmu* z ,he1 9 a wond]ful mann]1 de/roy$ ! ,assyrians1 & re/or$ ! k+ to heal?4 ,j]ome f>!r rem>ks1 t1 f among ! plagues 9 ,egypt1 ! lice1 frogs1 c41 7 signs on e>?2 ! hail1 fire1 & ?ree day's d>kness1 7 signs 9 ! heav54 ,x is on ! passage be=e u t ! ,ph>isees take _! /&1 :5 9 ,matt4 xvi4 #a !y ask f ! ,"l t ,he %\ld grant !m a sign f heav54 ,if ev5 ! ,prophet ,isaiah (f]$ to prove 9 su* a mann] 8 div9e mission1 !n1 accord+ to _! op9ion1 ,*ri/ 0 mu* m b\nd to d ?is1 inasmu* z ,he set up f> high] claims4 ,b !y ov]look$ ! circum/ance t en\gh _h already be5 grant$ = conv9c+ ^? :o 7 well dispos$1 & t x c nev] be a duty to conv9ce ob/9ate unbelief 9 a mann] s palpable4 ,pg #db ,v]4 #ab4 ,& ,ahaz said3 ,i w n ask1 nei!r w ,i tempt ! ,"l4 ,ahaz decl9es ! (f] by ref]r+ to ,deut4 vi4 #af41 & ?us assum+ ! guise ( rev]5ce = ,god & ,8 comm&m5t4 ,he pret5ds1 says ,calv91 to h fai? 9 ! words ( ! ,prophet1 & n to require any?+ besides ! ^w4 ,! same decl>ations ( ! ,law1 ! ,"l opposes to ,satan1 :5 ! latt] w\ld induce ,him to d some?+ = :i* he _h no ^w ( ,god1 ,matt4 iv4 #g4 ,t w\ld really h be5 a tempt+ ( ,god4 ,ahaz _h no d\bt t ! miracle w\ld really be p]=m$2 b he _h a dislike to ent] )9 ! my/ical sph]e4 ,:o kn[s :e!r ! ,god :o grants ! miracle is really ! highe/ ,god8 comp4 ,is4 x4 #aj1 #aa1 xxxvi4 #ah-bj1 xxxvii4 #aj-ab4 ,:o kn[s :e!r ,he is n lay+ = him a trap2 :e!r1 by prev5t+ him f seek+ ! help ( man4 ,he is n to br+ ^u him ! de/ruction :i* 8 consci5ce tells him he has s ri*ly des]v$8 ,at all ev5ts ! af=d+ ( ,8 help is clogg$ ) a condition :i* he is resolv$ n to fulfil1 viz41 8 conv]sion4 ,a bett] & easi] b>ga91 he ?\ght1 c\ld be /ruck ) ! ,assyrians2 h[ insatiable soev] !y might be1 !y did n ask ! he>t4 ,h[ _m d ev5 n[-a-days r p]i% 9 s9 & mis]y1 ?an be conv]t$6 ,v]4 #ac4 ,& he said3 ,he> ye n[1 ,o h\se ( ,david3 ,is x too little = y to provoke man1 t y provoke also my ,god8 ,:5 ,ahaz _h be=e refus$ to believe 9 ! simple ann\ncem5t ( ! ,prophet1 8 s9 0 m p>donable2 =1 inasmu* z ,isaiah _h n prov$ himself outw>dly z a div9e ambassador1 ,ahaz s9n$ to a c]ta9 degree aga9/ man only1 aga9/ ! ,prophet only1 by unju/ly suspect+ him ( a deceitful pret5sion to a div9e revelation4 ,h5ce1 ,isaiah cont9ues mild & g5tle4 ,b :5 ,ahaz decl9$ ! (f]$ sign1 ,god himself 0 provok$ by him1 & 8 wick$ness came evid5tly to light4 ,x is sub/antially ! same diff]5ce z t betwe5 ! s9 aga9/ ! ,son ( ,man1 ! ,*ri/ com+ outw>dly & z a man only 7,b5gel3 quo /atu conspicu1 quat5us aequo tum loco cum hom9ibus conv]sabatur71 & ! s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ :o p[]fully glorifies ,him outw>dly & inw>dly4 ,x is ! anti!sis ,pg #dc ( ! relative ignorance ( :at "o is do+1 & ( ! absolute unwill+ness :i* purposely h>d5s itself to ! tru? kn[n1 or easy to be kn[n4 ,we say relative ignorance2 = an elem5t ( obduracy & h>d5+ already exi/$1 if he did n believe ! ,prophet1 ev5 )\t a sign4 ,= ! fact t ! ,prophet 0 s5t by ,god1 & spoke ,god's ^w1 0 te/ifi$ to all :o w\ld he> x1 ev5 by ! inn] voice1 j z 9 e s9 aga9/ ! ,son ( ,man !re is always already an elem5t ( ! s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/4--,! tru? t godlessness is ! highe/ folly is "h se5 9 a v evid5t mann]4 ,! same ,ahaz :o rejects ! (f] ( ! liv+ ,god1 :o palpably wi%es to reveal to him t ,he is a liv+ ,god1 sacrifices 8 son to ! dead idol ,molo*1 :o nev] yet gave ! smalle/ sign ( life6 ,9 ?is mirror we may see ! condition ( human nature4--,! circum/ance t x is n ,ahaz1 b ! h\se ( ,david t is address$1 indicates t ! de$ is a de$ ( ! :ole h\se4--,! ,prophet says1 ,my ,god1 i4e41 ! ,god ^: fai?ful s]vant ,i am1 & 9 :om ye hypocrites h no m any %>e4 ,9 ,v]4 #aa1 ! ,prophet _h /ill call$ ,him ! ,god ( ,ahaz4 ,v]4 #ad4 ,!re=e ! ,"l himself give? y a sign3 ,behold ! ,virg9 is ) *ild1 & he>e? a ,son1 & ?\ calle/ 8 "n ,immanuel4 ,ahaz _h refus$ ! pr(f]$ sign2 ! :ole dep? ( 8 apo/acy _h become manife/2 no fur!r reg>d 0 to be _h to him4 ,b x 0 necess>y to /r5g!n ^? :o fe>$ ,god1 9 _! confid5ce 9 ! ,"l1 & 9 _! hope 9 him4 ,= ?is reason1 ! ,prophet gives a sign1 ev5 aga9/ ! w ( ,ahaz1 by :i* ! ann\ncem5t ( ! deliv]ance f ! two k+s 0 confirm$4 ,y\r weak1 pro/rate fai?1 he says1 may erect itself on ! c]ta9 fact t1 9 ! ,son ( ! ,virg91 ! ,"l w "s day be ) u 9 ! true/ mann]1 & may p]ceive !re9 a gu>antee & a pl$ge ( ! l[] help 9 ! pres5t dang] also4--,!re=e--because ye w n fix ^u a sign4 ,re9ke1 9 ! ably writt5 ,monograph on ?is passage1 assigns to ,hebrew3 lk,n ! signification1 nev]!less1 :i* is n support$ by ! usus loqu5di4--,hebrew3 it,n mu/ be translat$ z a ,pres5t2 = ! pregnancy ( ! ,virg9 & bir? ( ,immanuel are pres5t to ,pg #dd ! ,prophet2 & ! fact _c s]ve z a sign1 9 s f> z x manife/s itself outw>dly1 b only 9 s f> z1 by be+ =etold1 x is realiz$ z pres5t4--,hebrew3 hva ,he1 i4e41 ( ,8 own accord )\t any co-op]ation1 su* z w\ld h tak5 place if ,ahaz _h ask$ ! sign4--,hebrew3 lk,m ref]s by its =m to ! h\se ( ,david2 b 9 det]m9+ ! sign1 x is n ! real condition ( its repres5tative at t "t :i* is reg>d$1 b z he ought to be4 ,9 sub/ance1 ! sign giv5 to ungodly ,ahaz is de/9$ = believ]s only4--,hebrew3 hnh behold indicates ! en]gy ) :i* ! ,prophet anticipates ! future2 9 8 _s x becomes to him ! imm$iate pres5t4 ,?us x 0 und]/ood z e>ly z by ,*ryso/om3 ,greek3 monon g> ouk horntos n ta g9om5a kai phantazom5\ kai polln e*ontos hup] tn eirm5n plrophorian1 tn g> hmet]n oph?almn eke9oi saphe/]on ta m horm5a eblepon4--,! article 9 ,hebrew3 helmh _c ref] to ! virg9 kn[n z ! "m ( ! ,savi\r2 =1 besides ! passage be=e u1 x is only ,micah v4 #b 7#c7 :i* m5tions ! "m ( ! ,savi\r1 & x is our passage only :i* speaks ( h] z a virg94 ,9 h>mony ) ,hebrew3 hnh1 ! article 9 ,hebrew3 helmh might be expla9$ f ! circum/ance t ! ,virg9 is pres5t to ! inw>d p]ception ( ! ,prophet--equival5t to ! virg9 !re4 ,b s9ce ! use ( ! article 9 ! g5]ic s5se is s g5]al1 x is mo/ natural to und]/& ! virg9 z =m+ a contra/ to ! m>ri$ or old woman1 & h5ce1 9 sub/ance1 z "h equival5t to a virg94 ,to ?is view we are l$ also by ! circum/ance t1 9 ! p>allel passage1 ,mic4 v4 #b 7#c7 ,hebrew3 ivldh a be>+ woman is us$ )\t ! article4--,hebrew3 elmh is1 by old expositors1 commonly d]iv$ f ,hebrew3 el,m 9 ! signification to conceal ,a virg91 !y assume1 is call$ a conceal$ "o1 ) ref]5ce to ! cu/oms ( ! ,ea/1 :]e ! virg9s are oblig$ to lead a conceal$ life4 ,?us x 0 und]/ood by ,j]ome also3 ,almah is n appli$ to girls or virg9s g5]ally1 b is us$ emphatically ( a hidd5 & conceal$ virg91 :o is nev] accessible to ! look ( males1 b :o is ) great c>e wat*$ by ! p>5ts4 ,b all p>ties n[ rightly agree t ! ^w is to be d]iv$ f ,hebrew3 el,m1 9 ! signification1 to gr[ up4 ,to (f] "h any argum5ts 9 pro( w\ld be a "w ( sup]]ogation1 z !y are (f]$ by all diction>ies4 ,b ) all t1 ,lu!r's rem>k is ev5 n[ 9 full =ce3 ,if ,pg #de a ,jew or a ,*ri/ian c prove to me t 9 any passage ( ,scripture ,almah means 'a m>ri$ woman1',i w give him a hundr$ flor9s1 al?\gh ,god alone kn[s :]e ,i may f9d !m4 ,x is true t ,hebrew3 elmh is di/+ui%$ f ,hebrew3 btvlh1 :i* designates ! virg9 /ate z su*1 & 9 ?is signification occurs 9 ,joel i4 #h4 also :]e ! bride lam5ts ov] h] bridegroom :om %e has lo/ by dea?4 ,inviolate *a/ity is1 9 itself1 n impli$ 9 ! ^w4 ,b c]ta9 x is t ,hebrew3 elmh designates an unm>ri$ p]son 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( y\?2 & if ?is be ! case1 un violat$ *a/ity is a matt] ( c\rse 9 ?is context2 = if ! "m ( ! ,savi\r 0 to be an unm>ri$ p]son1 %e c\ld be a virg9 only2 &1 9 g5]al1 x is inconceivable t ! ,prophet %\ld h br\ght =w>d a relation ( impure love4 ,9 fav\r ( an unm>ri$ p]son is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! d]ivation4 ,be+ d]iv$ f ,hebrew3 el,m1 to gr[ up1 to become m>riageable1 ,hebrew3 elmh c d5ote no?+ else ?an puella nubilis4 ,b /ill m decisive is ! usus loqu5di4 ,9 ,arabic & ,syriac ! correspond+ words are nev] us$ ( m>ri$ wom51 & ,j]ome rem>ks1 t 9 ! ,punic dialect also a virg9 prop] is call$ ,hebrew3 elmh4 ,besides 9 ! passage be=e u1 ! ^w occurs 9 ,hebrew six times 7,g54 xxiv4 #dc2 ,exod4 ii4 #h2 ,ps4 lxviii4 #bf2 ,song ( ,sol4 i4 #c1 vi4 #h2 ,prov4 xxx4 #ai72 b 9 all ^! passages ! ^w is und5iably us$ ( unm>ri$ p]sons4 ,9 ! two passages ( ! ,song ( ,solomon1 ! ,hebrew3 elmvt designate ! nations :i* h n yet atta9$ to an union ) ! heav5ly ,solomon1 b are de/9$ = ?is union4 ,9 *ap4 vi4 #h1 !y are1 z brides1 expressly contra/$ ) ! wives ( ! fir/ & second class4 ,m>riage =ms ! b\nd>y2 ! ,almah appe>s "h di/9ctly z ! anti-!sis to a m>ri$ woman4 ,x is ! passage 9 ,prov]bs only :i* requires a m m9ute exam9ation1 z ! oppon5ts h giv5 up all ! o!r passages1 & seek 9 x alone a support = _! ass]tion t ,hebrew3 elmh may be us$ ( a m>ri$ woman also4 ,! passage 9 its connection runs z foll[s3 ,v]4 #ah4 ,!re be ?ree ?+s :i* are too wond]ful = me1 & f\r :i* ,i "k n4 ,v]4 #ai4 ,! way ( an eagle 9 ! air1 ! way ( a s]p5t ^u ! rock1 ! way ( a %ip 9 ! he>t ( ! sea1 & ! way ( a man ) a maid4 ,v]4 #bj4 ,?is is ! way ( an adult]\s woman2 %e ,pg #df eate?1 & wipe? h] m\? & sai?3 ,i h done no wick$ness4 ,accord+ to ,de ,wette1 ,b]!au1 & o!rs1 ! t]tium comp>ationis = e ?+ is to lie 9 ?is only1 t ! ways d n leave any trace t c\ld be recogniz$4 ,b ! traceless disappe>+ is altoge!r )\t f\ndation2 !re is n "o ^w to indicate x2 & x is q impossible t t on :i* e ?+ dep5ds %\ld h be5 left to conjecture4 ,f>!r1--in/ead ( ! eagle1 e o!r bird might h be5 m5tion$1 & ! words 9 ! air w\ld be )\t mean+1 z well z ! words 9 ! he>t ( ! sea m5tion$ 9 ref]5ce to ! %ip4 ,b ! real po9t ( view is expressly /at$ 9 v]4 #ah4 ,x is ! incompreh5sible4 ,x is ?us only t v]4 #bj1 = :i* ! o!r v]ses prep>e ! way1 falls 9 ) ! t5d5cy ( ! :ole4 ,9 ! way ( ! adult]ess1 t :i* is po9t$ out is n t x _c be kn[n1 b ! moral incompreh5sibility t %e1 practis+ great wick$ness :i* is wor?y ( dea?1 & w unavoidably br+ de/ruction ^u h]1 behaves z if !re 7 no?+ wrong1 z if a p]mitt$ enjoym5t 7 ! po9t 9 "q1 t %e eats ! poison$ bread ( un*a/e enjoym5t z if x 7 ord9>y bread2 comp4 ix4 #ag1 xx4 #ag2 ,ps4 xiv4 #d4 ,f\r incompreh5sible ?+s 9 ! natural t]ritory are made use ( to illu/rate an incompreh5sible ?+ 9 ! e?ical t]ritory4 ,! :ole purpose is to po9t out ! my/]y ( s94 ,9 ! case ( ! eagle1 x is ! boldness ( 8 flight 9 :i* ! miracul\s consi/s4 ,! spe$ & boldness ( 8 flight is else:]e also v commonly m5tion$ z ! *>act]i/ic ( ! eagle2 x is j t :i* makes him ! k+ ( birds4 ,9 ! case ( ! s]p5t1 ! wond] is t1 al?\gh want+ feet1 x yet moves ov] ! smoo? rock :i* is inaccessible to ! pr\d horse2 comp4 ,amos vi4 #ab3 ,d horses run ^u ! rock4 ,9 ! %ip1 x is ! circum/ance t %e safely passes ov] ! abyss :i*1 z x w\ld appe>1 c\ld n fail to swall[ h] up4 ,! way ( a man ) a maid occupies ! la/ place 9 ord] to intimate t ,hebrew3 dr,k1 z 9 ! case ( ! adult]ess1 d5otes ! spiritual way4 ,:at is "h meant is ! relation ( ! man to ! virg91 g5]ally1 = if any p>ticul> aspect _h be5 reg>d$1 e4 g41 t ( boldness1 cunn+1 or secrecy1 x ,pg #dg ought to h be5 po9t$ at4 ,! way ( ! man ) ! maid is ! secret ( :i* m5tion is made z e>ly z 9 ,g54 ii4 #bd1--! union ( ! /rong ) ! weak & t5d] 7comp4 ! p>allel passage1 ,j]4 xxxi4 #bb71 ! secret attraction :i* connects ) "o ano!r ! he>ts1 & at la/1 ! bodies4 ,! end ( ! way is m>riage4 ,x is ! "y love :i* specially be>s ! "* ( ! my/]i\s2 aft] ! relation has be5 e/abli%$1 x attracts less wond]4--,hebrew3 hrh is ! fem94 ( ! v]bal adj4 ,hebrew3 hrh4 ,! fundam5tal passage1 ,g54 xvi4 #aa1 :]e ! angel ( ! ,"l says to ,hag>3 ,behold ?\ art ) *ild1 & %alt be> a son1 & %alt call 8 "n ,i%mael1 because ! ,"l has he>d ?y affliction1 %[s t we mu/ translate3 ,! virg9 is ) *ild1 & n3 becomes ) *ild4 ,! allusion to t passage 9 ,g5esis is v significant4 ,9 t case1 z well z 9 ! "o "u consid]ation1 salvation is br\ght into connection ) ! bir? ( a *ild4 ,to ! bir? ( ,i%mael1 ! despair+ ,hag> is direct$ z to a security = ! div9e fav\r2 to ! bir? ( ,immanuel1 ! despond+ p are direct$ z to ! actual pro( t ,god is ) !m4 ,if ! ,almah repres5ts h]self to ! ,prophet z be+ already ) *ild1 !n passages su* z ,is4 xxix4 #h1 ,matt4 xi4 #e1 are n applicable4 ,a virg9 :o is ) *ild _c be "o :o 0 a virg94--,! =m ,hebrew3 qrat may be #c;d fem4 = ,hebrew3 qrah1 comp4 ,j]4 xliv4 #bc2 b ! fundam5tal passage 9 ,g54 xvi4 #aa is decisive = consid]+ x z ! #b;d fem43 ?\ calle/1 z an address to ! virg92 9 :i* case ! =m is altoge!r regul>4 ,x 0 n a r>e occurr5ce 9 ,israel t mo!rs gave ! "n to *ildr51 ,g54 iv4 #a1 #be1 xix4 #cg1 xxix4 #cb4 ,! circum/ance1 !re=e1 t ! giv+ ( ! "n is assign$ to ! "m 7! virg97 af=ds no gr\nd = suppos+1 z _m ( ! old] expositors d1 t ?is is an intimation t ! *ild w\ld n h a human fa!r4 ,?\ calle/ c1 on ! contr>y1 accord+ to ! cu/om !n preval5t1 be sub/antially equival5t to3 !y %all "n1 ,matt4 ,greek3 kales\si1 ,j]ome3 vocabitur4 ,! "n is1 ( c\rse1 n to be consid]$ z an ord9>y nom5 proprium1 b z a designation ( 8 nature & "*4 ,x may be und]/ood 9 diff]5t ways4 ,sev]al int]pret]s1 e4 g41 ,j]ome1 ref]r+ to passages su* z ,ps4 xlvi4 #h1 lxxxix4 #be1 ,is4 xliii4 #b1 ,j]4 i4 #h1 see ,pg #dh 9 x no?+ else ?an an appeal to1 & promise ( div9e aid4 ,accord+ to o!rs1 ! "n is to be ref]r$ to ,god's becom+ man 9 ! ,messiah2 ?us ,!odoret says3 ,! "n reveals ! ,god :o is ) u1 ! ,god :o became man1 ! ,god :o took ^u ,him ! human nature4 ,9 a simil> mann] ,ir5aeus1 ,t]tullian1 ,*ryso/om1 ,lactantius1 ,calv91 & o!rs1 express !mselves4 ,b ^? v p>allel passages j quot$ %[ t ! "n 9 itself has no di/9ct ref]5ce to ! inc>nation ( ,god 9 ,*ri/4 ,b f ! passage *ap4 ix4 #e1 7#f71 :i* is s closely connect$ ) ! "o be=e u1 & 9 :i* ! ,messiah is call$ ,god-h]o1 7! mighty ,god71 & ,8 div9e nature s emphatically po9t$ out 7comp4 also ,mic4 v4 #a #b17 x pla9ly appe>s t ! ,prophet _h 9 view ! highe/ & true/ =m ( ,god's be+ ) ,8 p1 su* z 0 made manife/ :5 ! ^w became fle%4 7,*ryso/om says3 ,!n1 above all1 ,god 0 ) u on e>?1 :5 ,he 0 se5 on e>?1 & conv]s$ ) man1 & manife/$ s great c>e = u47 ,accord+1 !n1 to ! int]pretation giv51 ?is v]se be=e u affirms t1 at "s future p]iod1 ! ,messiah %\ld be born by a virg91 among ! cov5ant p1 :o 9 ! true/ mann] w\ld br+ ,god ne> to !m1 & op5 ! treasures ( ,8 salvation4 ,9 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #ejj ff41 we prov$ t ?is explanation occurs already 9 ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,accord+ to ! int]pretation ( ! ,apo/le1 ! passage c ref] to ,*ri/ only1 & f9ds 9 him n only ! highe/1 b ! only fulfilm5t4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ?r\gh\t all ages1 ! ,messianic explanation 0 ! prevail+ "o4 ,x 0 held by all ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 & by all o!r ,*ri/ian comm5tators d[n to ! middle ( ! #ah? c5tury1--only t "s1 besides ! high] ref]5ce to ! ,messiah1 assum$ a l[] "o to "s ev5t ( t p]iod4 ,) ! revival ( fai?1 ?is view1 too1 has be5 reviv$4 ,x is prov$ by ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 ix4 #e 7#f74 ,t passage pres5ts s rem>kable an agreem5t ) ! "o n[ "u consid]ation1 t we _c b assume ! same subject 9 bo?4 ,behold1 a virg9 is ) *ild1 & be>e? a son--,a *ild is born unto u1 a son is giv52--,!y call him ,immanuel1 i4e41 ,him 9 :om ,god w be ) u 9 ! true/ mann]--,!y call ,him ,pg #di ,wond]-,c\nsellor1 ! ,god-,h]o1 ,ev]-,fa!r1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace4 ,bo? ( ^! passages c ! less be sep>at$ f "o ano!r1 t *ap4 viii4 #h is evid5tly int5d$ to lead f ! "o to ! o!r4 ,9 ?is passage x is said ( ! _w's p[]1 :i* 9 ! meantime1 & 9 ! fir/ place1 0 repres5t$ by ,as%ur3 ,& ! /ret*+s out ( 8 w+s are ! fulness ( ! bread? ( ?y l&1 ,immanuel1 i4 e41 8 w+s w cov] ! :ole ext5t ( ?y l&1--! /ret*+ ( ! w+s ( ?is imm5se bird ( prey1 ,as%ur1 compreh5ds ! :ole l&4 ,9 ! words3 ,?y l&1 ,o ,immanuel1 ! prophecy ( ! wond]ful ,*ild1 9 *ap4 viii4 #bc-;ix4 #f 7ix4 #a-g71 is already prep>$4 ,! l& 9 :i* ,immanuel is to be born1 :i* belongs to ,him1 _c rema9 cont9ually ! prop]ty ( hea!n enemies4 ,e de/ruction is1 at ! same "t1 a prophecy ( ! re/oration4 ,a look to ! wond]ful ,*ild1 & despair mu/ flee4 ,beh9d ! cl\ds1 ! sun is %9+4 ,e attempt to assign ! ,immanuel to ! l[] sph]e1 mu/ by ?is passage be r5d]$ futile4 ,= h[1 9 t case1 c\ld ,canaan be call$ ,8 l&8 ,! signification native c\ntry :i* ,hebrew3 ar,c1 x is true1 sometimes receives by ! context1 does n suit "h4 ,= ! passage j po9ts out ! contra/ ( reality & idea1 t ! _w's p[] takes possession ( ! l& :i* belongs to ,immanuel1 & h5ce prep>es = ! ann\ncem5t conta9$ 9 t :i* foll[s1 viz41 t ?is contra/ %all be done away )1 & t ?is %all be done z soon z ! legitimate proprietor comes into ,8 k+dom4 ,f>!r1--,decisive 9 fav\r ( ! ,messianic explanation is also ! passage ,mic4 v4 #a1 #b1 7#b1 #c71 :]e1 9 correspond5ce to virg9 "h1 we h1 %e :o is be>+4 ,! latt]1 inde$1 is n expressly call$ a virg92 b x foll[s1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 t %e be s1 z %e is to be> ! ,h]o ( ,div9e orig9 7( et]nity71 :o1 h5ce1 _c h be5 begott5 by any mortal4 ,bo? ( ! prophecies mutually illu/rate "o ano!r4 ,micah designates ! ,div9e orig9 ( ! ,promis$ ,"o2 ,isaiah1 ! miracul\s circum/ances ( ,8 bir? 7,ros5mll]7 ,j z ,isaiah holds up ! bir? ( ,immanuel z ! pl$ge t ! cov5ant-p w\ld n p]i% 9 _! pres5t cata/rophe2 j z he po9ts to ! %9+ =m ( ,immanuel1 ann\nc+ ! victory ov] ! ,pg #ej _w1 9 ord] to com=t !m 9 ! imp5d+ sev]e oppression by ! _w's p[] 7viii4 #h72--s ,micah makes ! oppression by ! _w's p[] cont9ue only until ! "t t %e :o is be>+ br+s =?4 ,z ,micah1 9 v4 #a 7#b71 contra/s ! div9e dignity & nature ) ! bir? 9 "t1 s1 9 ,isaiah1 ,immanuel1 ,he 9 :om ,god w mo/ truly be ) ,8 p1 is born by a virg94 ,! argum5ts :i* ! ,jews1 &1 foll[+ _! example1 ! rationali/ic int]pret]s1 especially ,ges5ius1 & ) !m ,ol%aus51 h advanc$ aga9/ ! ,messianic explanation1 prove no?+4 ,!y are ^!3 #a4 ,a ref]5ce to ! ,messiah :o1 aft] ! lapse ( c5turies1 is to be born ( a virg91 appe>s to be )\t mean+ 9 ! pres5t circum/ances4 ,?is argum5t proves too mu*1 &1 h5ce1 no?+4 ,x w\ld be valid aga9/ ,messianic prophecies 9 g5]al1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* c]ta9ly _c be d5i$4 ,d n ,j]emiah & ,ezekiel1 at ! "t :5 ! p 7 c>ri$ away into captivity1 com=t !m by ! ann\ncem5t t ! k+dom ( ,god %\ld1 9 a f> m glori\s mann]1 be e/abli%$ by ,messiah1 ^: appe>ance 0 yet sev]al c5turies di/ant8 ,! highe/ pro( ( ,israel's dignity & election1 0 ! promise t1 at "s future "t1 ! ,messiah 0 to be born among !m4 ,h[1 inde$1 c\ld ! ,"l leave1 )\t ! l[] help 9 ! pres5t calamity1 a p ) :om ,he 0 to be1 at "s future p]iod1 9 ! true/ mann]8 ,! ,prophet ref]s to ! future ,savi\r 9 a way q simil> to t 9 :i* ! ,apo/le ref]s to ,him1 aft] ,he _h appe>$3 ,:o did n sp>e ,8 only begott5 ,son1 b gave ,him up = u all1 h[ %\ld ,he n 9 ,him give u all ?+s freely8 ,let u only realize ! tru? t ! hope 9 ! ,messiah =m$ ! c5tre ( ! life ( believ]s2 t ?is hope 01 by fe>1 repress$ only1 b n de/roy$4 ,all :i* 0 ne$$1 !re=e1 0 to revive ?is hope1 & ) x ! special hope = ! pres5t di/ress also 0 giv5--! assurance1 firm z a rock1 t 9 x ! cov5ant-p c\ld n p]i%4 ,?is revival took place 9 ?is way1 t 9 ! m9d ( ! ,prophet1 ! ,messianic hope 01 by ! ,holy ,_s1 rek9dl$1 s t at 8 light all might k9dle _! lights4 ,! ,messianic idea "h meets u 9 su* orig9ality ,pg #ea & fre%ness1 z if "h 7 its real f\nta9 head4 ,! fai? already exi/+ is only ! f\ndation1 only ! po9t ( connexion4 ,:at is ess5tial is ! new revelation ( ! old tru?1 & t c\ld n fail to be affect+1 ov]p[]+ to susceptible m9ds4 #b4 ,! gr\nd ( consolation is too g5]al4 ,! ,messiah might be born f ! family ( ,ahaz )\t ! ,jewi% /ate be+ pres]v$ 9 its !n exi/+ condition1 & )\t ,ahaz cont9u+ on ! ?rone4 ,! ,babyloni% captivity int]v5$1 & yet ,messiah 0 to be born4 ,isaiah w\ld ?us h made himself guilty ( a false sophi/ical argum5tation4--,we answ]3 ,:at !y1 at t "t1 fe>$1 0 ! total de/ruction ( /ate & p4 ,?is appe>s suffici5tly f ! circum/ance t ! prophet takes 8 son ,%e>ja%ub ) him2 & inde$ ! int5tions ( ! enemy 9 ?is respect are express$ ) suffici5t cle>ness 9 v]4 #f4 ,x is ?is extreme ( fe> :i* ! ,prophet "h fir/ opposes4 ,j z1 accord+ to ! prec$+ v]ses1 he met ! fe> ( entire de/ruction by tak+ ) him 8 son ,%e>ja%ub1 ! remnant w be conv]t$1 )\t !reby exclud+ a tempor>y c>ry+ away1 s he !re also prep>es ! m9d = ! ann\ncem5t conta9$ 9 v]s4 #ae1 #af1 ( ! ne> deliv]ance f ! pres5t dang]1 by fir/ repres5t+ ! fe> ( an entire de/ruction to be unf\nd$4 ,a p1 moreov]1 to :om1 at "s future p]iod1 al?\gh x may be at a v remote future1 a div9e ,savi\r is to be s5t1 mu/1 9 ! pres5t also1 be "u special div9e protection4 ,!y may be visit$ by sev]e suff]+s1 !y may be br\ght to ! v v]ge ( de/ruction1--:e!r t %all be ! case ! ,prophet does n1 z yet1 decl>e1--b "o ?+ is sure1 t to !m all ?+s mu/ "w toge!r = good2 & t is ! ma9 po9t4 ,he :o is conv9c$ ( ?is1 may calmly & quietly look at ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 #c4 ,! s5se 9 :i* ,hebrew3 avt is else:]e us$ 9 ,scripture1 is altoge!r disreg>d$ by ?is int]pretation4 ,=1 accord+ to x1 ,hebrew3 avt w\ld ref] to a future ev5t2 b accord+ to ! usus loqu5di else:]e obs]v$1 ,hebrew3 avt 'is a prophesi$ second ev5t1 ! e>li] fulfilm5t ( :i* is to af=d a sure gu>antee = ! fulfilm5t ( ! fir/1 :i* is really ! po9t at issue4' ,b1 9 opposition to ?is1 x is suffici5t to ,pg #eb ref] to ,exod4 iii4 #ab1 :]e ,moses receives ?is z a sign ( 8 ,div9e mission1 & ( ! deliv]ance ( ! p to be effect$ by him3 ,:5 ?\ ha/ br\ght =? my p out ( ,egypt1 ye %all s]ve ,god ^u ?is m\nta94 ,9 *ap4 xxxvii4 #cj1 our ,prophet himself1 z a confirmation ( ! ^w spok5 9 ref]5ce to ! k+ ( ,as%ur3 ,i make !e return by ! way by :i* ?\ e>ne/1 gives ?is sign1 t1 9 ! ?ird ye> aft] ?is1 agriculture %\ld already h altoge!r return$ into its old tracks1 & ! cultivation ( ! c\ntry %\ld h be5 altoge!r re/or$4#d ,! fact "h giv5 z a sign is lat] ?an t :i* is to be !reby made sure4 ,! sign consi/s only 9 ?is1 t ! idea is vividly call$ up & realiz$ 9 ! m9d1 t ! l& w\ld recov] f ! de/ruction2 & ?is ( c\rse1 implies ! de/ruction ( ! enemy4 ,b 9 our *apt] itself1--! "n ( ,%e>ja%ub af=ds ! example ( a sign 7comp4 *ap4 vii4 #ah71 :i* is tak5 f ! t]ritory ( ! di/ant future4 ,x is "t t commonly ,hebrew3 avt is n us$ ( future ?+s2 b ?is has its reason n 9 ! idea ( ,hebrew3 avt1 b solely 9 ! circum/ance t1 ord9>ily1 ! future _c s]ve z a sign ( assurance4 ,b x is q obvi\s t1 9 ! pres5t case1 ! ,messianic ann\ncem5t c\ld af=d su* a sign1 & t 9 a f> high] degree ?an ! future facts giv5 z signs 9 ,exod4 iii41 & ,isa4 xxxvii4 ,! k+dom ( glory :i* has be5 promis$ to u1 =ms to u also a sure pl$ge t 9 all ! di/resses ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,"l w n )hold ,8 help f h]4 ,b ! ,cov5ant-p /ood 9 ! same relation to ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,*ri/1 z we d to ! second4 7#d47 ,! passage1 *ap4 viii4 #c1 #d1 pres5ts ! mo/ m>k$ resemblance to ! "o be=e u4 ,if !re ! ,messianic explanation be decid$ly inadmissible1 x mu/ be s "h also4 ,! "n & bir? ( a *ild s]ves1 !re z "h1 = a sign ( ! deliv]ance f ! ,syrian dom9ion4 ,if !n !re ! "m ( ! *ild be ! wife ( ! ,prophet1 & ! *ild a son ( 81 ! same mu/ be ! case "h also4 ,b x is a priori improbable t ! ,prophet %\ld h giv5 ,pg #ec to two ( 8 sons names :i* _h ref]5ce to ! same ev5t4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ ! circum/ance1 t ! "t is want+ = ! bir? ( two sons ( ! ,prophet4 ,be=e ,immanuel kn[s to refuse ! evil & *oose ! good1 ! c\ntry ( bo? ! ho/ile k+s %all be desolat$1 *ap4 vii4 #ae2 be=e ,mah]%alalha%baz kn[s to cry ,my ,fa!r1 ,my ,"m1 ! ri*es ( ,damascus & ! spoil ( ,sam>ia %all be c>ri$ be=e ! k+ ( ,assyria1 *ap4 viii4 #d4 ,! two bir?s h5ce co9cide4 ,at all ev5ts1 x is impossible to f9d ! "t = a d\ble bir? by ! same "m4 ,sev]al int]pret]s 7,ges5ius1 ,hitzig1 ,h5dew]k17 assume ! id5tity ( ,immanuel & ,mah]%alalha%baz2 b ?is is altoge!r inadmissible1 ev5 f ! diff]5ce ( ! names4 ,x is ! less admissible to assume a d\ble "n = ! *ild1 z ! "n ,%e>ja%ub pla9ly en\gh %ews t ! ,prophet 0 9 e>ne/ ) ! names ( 8 *ildr52 & inde$1 unless !y _h be5 real prop] names1 !re w\ld h exi/$ no reason at all = giv+ !m to !m4 ,to h assign$ sev]al names to "o *ild w\ld h weak5$ _! p[]4 ,! agreem5t mu/1 !re=e1 r be expla9$ f ! circum/ance1 t x 0 by ! ann\ncem5t 9 *ap4 vii4 #ad t ! ,prophet 0 induc$ to ! symbolical action 9 *ap4 viii4 #c1 #d4 ,he has1 9 *ap4 vii4 #ad1 giv5 to ! despair+ p ! bir? ( a *ild1 :o w\ld br+ ! highe/ salvation = ,israel1 z a pl$ge ( _! deliv]ance4 ,! bir? ( a *ild & its "n 7 !n requir$ z an actual prophecy ( help 9 ! pres5t di/ress1--a help :i* 0 to be grant$ ) a view to t ,*ild1 :o n only indicates1 b grants deliv]ance f all di/resses1 & to :om ! ,prophet rev]ts 9 *ap4 ix41 & ev5 already 9 *ap4 viii4 #h4--,moreov]1 besides ! agreem5t !re is f\nd a ?or\gh diff]5ce4 ,9 *ap4 vii4 ! "m ( ! *ild is call$ ,hebrew3 helmh1 :]eby a virg9 only c be designat$2 9 *ap4 viii41 ! prophetess4 ,9 *ap4 vii4 !re is n ev5 ! slighte/ allusion to ! ,prophet's be+ ! fa!r2 :ile 9 *ap4 viii4 ?is circum/ance is expressly & emphatically po9t$ out4 ,9 *ap4 vii4 x is ! "m :o gives ! "n to ! *ild2 9 *ap4 viii4 x is ! ,prophet4 ,f> clos] is ! agreem5t ( *ap4 ix4 #e 7#f7 ) *ap4 vii4 #ad4 ,x especially appe>s 9 ! circum/ances t 9 nei!r ( !m ,pg #ed is ! fa!r ( ! *ild designat$2 &1 f>!r1 9 ! correspond5ce ( ,immanuel ) ,hebrew3 al gbvr1 ,god-,h]o4 7#e47 ,aga9/ ! ,messianic explanation1 & 9 fav\r ( t ( a son ( ! ,prophet1 is ! passage *ap4 viii4 #ah1 :]e ! ,prophet says t 8 sons h be5 giv5 to him = signs & wond]s 9 ,israel4 ,b al?\gh ,immanuel be errone\sly reckon$ among ! sons ( ! ,prophet1 !re /ill rema9 ,%e>ja%ub & ,mah]%alalha%baz4 ,! latt] "n ref]s1 9 ! fir/ in/ance only1 to ,aram & ,ephraim specially2 or ! g5]al tru? :i* x decl>es is appli$ to ?is relation only4 ,b1 j z ! "n ,%e>ja%ub ann\nces new salvation to ! pro/rate p ( ,god1 s ! second "n ann\nces ne> de/ruction to ! triumph+ _w ho/ile to ,god2 s t bo? ! names supplem5t "o ano!r4 ,z signs1 ^! two sons ( ! ,prophet po9t$ to ! future deliv]ance & salvation ( ,israel1 & ! defeat ( ! _w2 & ! v circum/ance t !y did s :51 humanly view$1 all seem$ to be lo/1 0 a subject = wond]4 ,b t we c 9 no case make ,immanuel a ?ird son ( ! ,prophet1 we h already prov$4 ,v]4 #ae4 ,cream & honey %all he eat1 :5 he kn[s to refuse ! evil & *oose ! good4 ,v]4 #af4 ,= be=e ! boy %all "k to refuse ! evil & *oose ! good1 ! c\ntry %all be =sak5 ( ! two k+s ( :i* ?\ /&e/ 9 awe4 ,! old] ,messianic explanation has1 9 ^! two v]ses1 expos$ itself to ! *>ge ( be+ q arbitr>y4 ,mo/ ( ! int]pret]s assume t1 9 v]4 #ae1 ! true humanity ( ! ,savi\r is ann\nc$4 ,! "n ,immanuel is int5d$ to indicate ! div9e nature2 ! eat+ ( milk & honey ! human nature4 ,milk & honey are 9 ?is case consid]$ z ! ord9>y food = babes2 l o!r *ildr54 ,he %all gr[ up1 &1 l !m1 gradually develope4 ,?us ,j]ome says3 ,i %all m5tion ano!r feature /ill m wond]ful3 ,t y may n believe t he w be born a phantasm4 ,he w use ! food ( infants1 w eat butt] & milk4 ,calv9 says3 ,9 ord] t "h we may n ?9k ( "s spectre1 ! ,prophet /ates signs ( humanity f :i* he proves t ,*ri/1 inde$ put on our fle%4 ,9 ! same mann] ,ir5nus1 ,*ryso/om1 ,basil1 &1 9 our c5tury1 ,kleuk] & ,ros5mll] speak4--,b ?is explanation ,pg #ee is altoge!r ov]?r[n by v]4 #af4 ,mo/ int]pret]s assume1 9 ! latt] v]se1 a *ange ( subject2 by ,hebrew3 n]1 n ,immanuel1 b ,%e>ja%ub1 :o accompani$ ! ,prophet1 is to be und]/ood4 ,accord+ to o!rs1 x is n any def9ite boy :o is designat$ by ,hebrew3 n]2 b x is said 9 g5]al1 t ! deva/ation ( ! ho/ile c\ntry w\ld take place 9 a /ill %ort] "t ?an t :i* elapses betwe5 ! bir? ( a boy & 8 developm5t4 ,su* is ,calv9's view4 ,b ! supposition ( a *ange ( subject is altoge!r exclud$1 ev5 by ! circum/ance t "o & ! same quality1 ! di/9ction betwe5 good & evil1 is 9 bo? v]ses ascrib$ to ! subject4 ,o!rs1 l ,j4 ,h4 ,mi*aelis1 ref] v]4 #af also to ! ,messiah1 & seek to get out ( ! difficulty by a jam dudum4 ,x is n wor? :ile to ent] m p>ticul>ly ^u ^! productions ( awkw>d emb>assm5t4 ,all t is requir$ is1 to remove ! /one ( (f5ce :i* has caus$ ^! int]pret]s to /umble4 ,t[>ds ?is a good beg9n+ has be5 made by ,vitr+a1 )\t1 h[ev]1 completely atta9+ ! object4 ,9 v]4 #ad1 ! ,prophet has se5 ! bir? ( ! ,messiah z pres5t4 ,hold+ fa/ ?is idea1 & exp&+ x1 ! ,prophet makes him :o has be5 born accompany ! p ?r\gh all ! /ages ( its exi/5ce4 ,we h "h an ideal anticipation ( ! real inc>nation1 ! "r ( :i* lies 9 ! circum/ance1 t all bless+s & deliv]ances :i*1 be=e ,*ri/1 7 be/[$ ^u ! cov5ant-p1 _h _! root 9 ,8 future bir?1 & ! cause ( :i* 0 giv5 9 ! circum/ance1 t ! cov5ant-p _h ent]$ ^u ! mom5t ( _! great crisis1 ( _! conflict ) ! _w's p[]s1 :i* c\ld n b address a call to inve/ ! com=t+ ?\ght )1 z x 71 fle% & blood1 & 9 ?is mann] to place x into ! mid/ ( ! popul> life4 ,:at ! ,prophet means1 & int5ds to say "h is ?is1 t1 9 ! space ( ab\t a twelvemon?1 ! ov]?r[ ( ! ho/ile k+doms w\ld already h tak5 place4 ,z ! repres5tative ( ! cotempor>ies1 he br+s =w>d ! wond]ful *ild :o1 z x 71 =m$ ! s\l ( ! popul> life4 ,at ! "t :5 ?is *ild kn[s to di/+ui% betwe5 good & bad food1 h5ce1 aft] ! space ( ab\t a twelvemon?1 he w n h any want ( nobl] food1 v]4 #ae1 = be=e he has ent]$ ^u ?is /age1 ! l& ( ,pg #ef ! two ho/ile k+s %all be desolate4 ,9 ! subsequ5t prophecy1 ! same wond]ful *ild1 gr[n up into a w>like h]o1 br+s ! deliv]ance f ,as%ur1 & ! _w's p[] repres5t$ by x4--,we h /ill to consid] & discuss ! p>ticul>4 ,:at is indicat$ by ! eat+ ( cream & honey8 ,! errone\s answ] to ?is "q1 :i* has become curr5t ev] s9ce ,ges5ius1 has put ev]y?+ into confusion1 & has misl$ expositors su* z ,hitzig & ,mei] to cut ! knot1 by ass]t+ t v]4 #ae is spuri\s4 ,cream & honey c come into consid]ation z ! noble/ food only2 ! eat+ ( !m c indicate only a condition ( pl5ty & prosp]ity4 ,a l& fl[+ ) milk & honey is1 9 ! books ( ,moses1 a /&+ expression = designat+ ! ri* fulness ( noble food :i* ! ,holy ,l& (f]s4 ,a l& :i* fl[s ) milk & honey is1 accord+ to ,numb4 xiv4 #g1 #h1 a v good l&4 ,! cream is1 z x 71 a gradation ( milk4 ,consid]+ ! pr$ilection = fat & sweet food :i* we p]ceive ev]y:]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 !re c sc>cely be any?+ bett] ?an cream & honey2 & x is c]ta9ly n spok5 9 accordance ) ,israeliti% ta/e1 if ,h(mann 7,weiss1 i4 ,s4 #bbg7 ?us p>aphrases ! s5se3 ,x is n because he does n "k :at ta/es well & bett] 7cream & honey ?us ! evil671 t he w live ^u ! food :i* an uncultivat$ l& c af=d1 b because !re is none o!r4 ,9 ,deut4 xxxii4 #ac1 #ad1 cream & honey appe> among ! noble/ products ( ! ,holy ,l&4 ,abraham places cream be=e 8 heav5ly gue/s1 ,g54 xviii4 #h4 ,! pl5ty 9 honey & cream appe>s 9 ,job xx4 #g1 z a *>act]i/ic sign ( ! div9e bless+ ( :i* ! wick$ are depriv$4 ,x is solely & exclusively v]s4 #ba & #bb t are ref]r$ to = e/abli%+ ! errone\s int]pretation4 ,x is ass]t$ t1 accord+ to ^! v]ses1 ! eat+ ( milk & honey mu/ be consid]$ z an evil1 z ! sad consequ5ce ( a g5]al deva/ation ( ! h9d4 ,b !re are grave objections to any attempt at expla9+ a prec$+ f a subsequ5t passage2 ! opposite mode ( proce$+ is ! "r "o4 ,x is altoge!r wrong1 h[ev]1 to suppose t v]s4 #ba1 #bb1 conta9 a ?reat5+4 ,9 ^? v]ses ! ,prophet1 on ! contr>y1 all[s1 z is usual ) him1 a ray ( light to fall ^u ! d>k picture ( ! ,pg #eg calamity :i* ?reat5s f ,as%ur2 & x c\ld1 inde$1 a priori1 be sc>cely imag9$ t ! ?reat5+ %\ld n be int]rupt$1 at lea/ by su* a g5tle allusion to ! salvation to be be/[$ ^u !m aft] ! mis]y 7comp4 9 ref]5ce to a simil> sudd5 break+ ?r\gh ( ! proclamation ( salvation 9 ,hosea1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #age1 & ! rem>ks on ,micah ii4 #ab1 #ac72 b !n he returns to ! ?reat5+1 because x 01 9 ! meantime1 8 pr9cipal vocation to utt] x1 & !reby to de/roy ! fooli% illusions ( ! ,god-=gett+ k+4 ,x is 9 ! subsequ5t prophecy only1 *ap viii4 #a2 ix4 #f 7#g7 t t :i* is allud$ to 9 v]s4 #ba1 #bb is c>ri$ out4 ,! little :i* has be5 left--?is is ! s5se--! ,"l w bless s abundantly1 t ^? :o are sp>$ 9 ! div9e judgm5t w enjoy a ri* abundance ( div9e bless+s4 ,p>allel is ! utt]ance ( ,isaiah 9 #b ,k+s xix4 #cj3 ,& ! escap$ ( ! h\se ( ,judah1 t :i* has be5 left1 take? root d[nw>d1 & be>e? fruit upw>d4--,if ?us ! eat+ ( cream & honey be rightly und]/ood1 !re is no f>!r necessity = expla9+1 9 opposition to ! rules ( gramm>1 ,hebrew3 ldetv by 7only7 until he kn[s 7comp4 aga9/ ?is int]pretation ,dre*sl]'s ,comm5t474 ,hebrew3 ldetv c only mean3 belong+ to 8 k1 i4e41 :5 he kn[s4 ,good & evil are1 z e>ly z ,deut4 i4 #ci3 ,y\r sons :o to-day d n "k good & evil1 us$ m 9 a physical ?an 9 a moral s5se4 ,mi*aelis3 r]um omnium ign>i4 ,! p>allel expression1 n to be able to disc]n betwe5 ! "r h& & ! left h&1 9 ,jonah iv4 #aa 7,mi*aelis3 discretio rationis et judicii1 ut sciant utra manus sit dextra aut s9i/ra7 likewise loses sight ( ! moral s5se4 ,b good & evil are v decid$ly us$ 9 a physical s5se 9 #b ,sam4 xix4 #cf 7#ce71 :]e ,b>zillai says3 ,i am ?is day f\rscore ye>s old1 c ,i disc]n betwe5 good & evil1 or has ?y s]vant a ta/e ( :at ,i eat or dr9k1 or d ,i he> any m ! voice ( s++ m5 or s++ wom58 ,! connection ) ! eat+ ( cream & honey1 by :i* ! good & evil is qualifi$1 cle>ly proves t good & evil are1 9 our passage1 us$ 9 a simil> s5se4 ,to ! same result we are l$ by ! circum/ance also1 t ! evil prec$es1 :i* mu/ s mu* ! r h a mean+1 t n[h]e else is ?is ! case ) ?is phrase4 ,! evil1 ! ,pg #eh bad food 9 ! "t ( w>1 prec$es2 ! good foll[s aft] x3 ,cream & honey1 ! good1 he w eat :5 he kn[s to refuse ! evil & *oose ! good1 i4e41 :5 he is beyond ! "t :]e he does n yet "k to make any great diff]5ce betwe5 ! food1 & 9 :i*1 !re=e1 ! evil1 ! bad food1 is felt z an evil4 ,if ! good & ! evil be und]/ood 9 a physical s5se1 !n1 9 h>mony ) *ap4 viii4 #d1 we mu/ ?9k ( ! p]iod ( ab\t "o ye>4 ,moral consci\sness develops mu* lat] ?an s5sual lik+ & dislik+4--,! con/ruction ( ,hebrew3 mas & ,hebrew3 b,hr ) ,hebrew3 b po9ts to ! affection :i* accompanies ! action4--,hebrew3 ki 9 v]4 #af suits v well1 accord+ to ! view :i* we h tak51 9 its ord9>y signification1 =4 ,! full enjoym5t ( ! good ?+s ( ! l& w return 9 ! p]iod ( ab\t twelve mon?s 79 *ap4 xxxvii4 #cj a long] t]ra is fix$1 because ! ,assyrian desolation 0 mu* great] ?an ! ,aramean72 =1 ev5 be=e ! ye> has expir$1 deva/ation %all be inflict$ ^u ! l& ( ! enemies4 ,hebrew3 hadmh compreh5ds at ! same "t ! ,syrian & ,ephraimiti% l&4 ,f v]4 #ag-be ! ,prophet describes h[ ! ,assyrians1 ! object ( ! hope ( ! h\se ( ,david1 & also ! ,egyptian attract$ by !m1 :o1 h[ev]1 occupy a position altoge!r subord9ate1 %all fill ! l&1 & *ange x into a wild]ness4 ,! fundam5tal ?\ght1 ev] true1 is ?is3 ,he :o1 in/ead ( seek+ help f 8 ,god1 seeks x f ! _w1 is ru9$ by ! _w4 ,?is tru?1 :i*1 ?r\gh ! fault ( ,ahaz1 did n ga9 any sav+ influ5ce1 obta9$ an accus+ "o2 x /ood !re z an incontrov]tible te/imony t x 0 n ! ,"l :o _h =sak5 ,8 p1 b t !y _h =sak5 !mselves4 ,x 0 a necess>y condition ( ! bless$ influ5ce ( ! imp5d+ calamity t su* a te/imony %\ld exi/2 )\t x1 ! calamity w\ld n h l$ to rep5tance1 b to despair & defiance4--,f ! circum/ance t 9 v]4 #ag1 :i* conta9s ! outl9es ( ! :ole1 ^u ! words3 ,! ,"l %all br+ ^u !e & ?y p1 !re foll[ /ill ! words3 ,& ^u ?y fa!r's h\se1 x appe>s t ! fulfilm5t mu/ n be s\ght = 9 ! "t ( ,ahaz only4 ,9 ! "t ( ,ahaz1 ! beg9n+ only ( ! calamities "h indicat$ c accord+ly be s\ght =1--! g]m f :i* all t foll[$ ,pg #ei 0 aft]w>ds develop$4 ,nor %all we be all[$ to limit ourselves to t :i* ,judah suff]$ f ! ,assyrians1 commonly s call$4 ,x is significant t1 9 #b ,k+s xxiii4 #bi1 ,nebu*adnezz> is call$ ,k+ ( ,as%ur4 ,as%ur1 z ! fir/ repres5tative ( ! _w's p[]1 repres5ts ! _w's p[] 9 g5]al4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h /ill to submit to an exam9ation ^? explanations ( v]s #ad-af :i* diff]1 9 ess5tial po9ts1 f t :i* we h giv54 ,diff]5ce ( op9ion--! *>act]i/ic sign ( error--meets u "h1 & t 9 a v /rik+ mann]1 9 ^? :o oppose ! convictions ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 #a4 ,ros5mll] express$ 8 adh]5ce to ! ,messianic explanation1 b suppos$ t ! ,prophet 0 ( op9ion t ! ,messiah w\ld be born 9 8 "t4 ,ev5 ,bruno ,bau] 7,critik d] ,synopt4 i4 ,s4 #ai7 c\ld n resi/ ! impression t ,immanuel c\ld be none o!r ?an ! ,messiah4 ,b he1 too1 is ( op9ion t ,isaiah expect$ a ,messiah1 :o 0 to be born at once1 & to become ! deliv]] f ! collision ( t "t4 ,?is view has be5 exp&$ especially by ,ewald4 ,false1 s he says1 is e int]pretation :i* does n see t ! ,prophet is "h speak+ ( ! ,messiah to be born1 & h5ce ( ,him to :om ! l& really belongs1 & 9 ?9k+ ( :om ! ,prophet's he>t beats ) joyful hope1 *ap4 viii4 #h1 ix4 #e1 #f 7#f1 #g74 ,b n be+ able to realize t :i* c be se5 only by fai?--a t]ritory1 9 g5]al1 v inaccessible to mod]n exposition ( ,scripture--he1 9 v]4 #ad1 puts 9 ! real ,pres5t in/ead ( ! ideal1 & ?9ks t ! ,prophet imag9$ t ! conception & bir? ( ! ,messiah w\ld take place at once4 ,by ,hebrew3 elmh he und]/&s1 l ourselves1 a virg92 b su* an "o z is s at ! pres5t mom5t only1 b w soon aft]w>ds cease to be s2--& 9 suppos+ ?is1 he ov]looks ! fact t ! virg9 is introduc$ z be+ already ) *ild1 & t h] be>+ appe>s z pres5t4 ,9 v]4 #ae1 ! "t :5 ! boy kn[s c41 is1 accord+ to him1 ! matur] juv5ile age f t5 to tw5ty ye>s4 ,x is dur+ ?is t ! deva/ation ( ! l& by ! ,assyrians is to take place1 ( :i* ,pg #fj ! ,prophet treats m 9 detail aft]w>ds 9 v]4 #ag ff4 ,b oppos$ to ?is view is ! circum/ance t1 ev5 be=e ! boy ent]s ^u ?is matur] age 7v]4 #af71 h5ce 9 a few ye>s aft] ?is1 ! alli$ ,damascus & ,ephraim %all be desolat$2 s little are ^! two k+s able to conqu] ,j]usalem1 & s c]ta9 is x t a div9e deliv]ance is 9 /ore = ?is c\ntry 9 ! imm$iate future4 ,&1 9 e po9t ( view1 ?is explanation %[s itself to be unt5able4 ,! supposition t a real ,pres5t is spok5 ( 9 v]4 #ad saddles ^u ! ,prophet an absurd halluc9ation2 & no?+ analog\s to x c be ref]r$ to 9 ! :ole ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,accord+ to /atem5ts ( ! ,prophet 9 o!r passages1 he sees yet _m ?+s int]v5+ betwe5 ! ,messianic "t & 8 own2 accord+ to *ap4 vi4 #aa-ac1 n only ! entire c>ry+ away ( ! :ole p1 7& he _c well consid] ! ,assyrians z ! in/rum5ts ( x1 7 x only = ?is reason1 t he is always consi/5t 9 ! ann\ncem5t t !y %\ld n succe$ 9 ! capture ( ,j]usalem71 b also a lat] second div9e judgm5t4 ,accord+ to *ap4 xi41 ! ,messiah is to gr[ up z a twig f ! /em ( ,jesse completely cut d[n4 ,?is supposition ( ,8 appe>ance1 ! complete decay ( ! ,davidic dyna/y1 did n 9 any way exi/ 9 ! "t ( ! ,prophet4 ,accord+ to *ap4 xxxix41 & o!r passages1 ! ,prophet recognis$ 9 ,babylon ! appe>ance ( a new phase ( ! _w's p[] :i* w\ld1 at "s future p]iod1 foll[ ! /eps ( ! ,assyrian p[] :i* exi/$ at ! "t ( ! ,prophet1 & :i* %\ld execute ^u ,judah ! judgm5t ( ! ,"l4 ,we po9t$ out 7,vol4 ,i4 p4 #dag ff47 t 9 ! ,prophet ,micah also1 ! contempor>y ( ,isaiah1 !re lies a long s]ies ( ev5ts betwe5 ! ,pres5t & ! "t :5 %e :o is be>+ br+s =?4 ,f>!r--,9 h>mony ) all o!r ,prophets1 ,isaiah too looks = ! ,messiah f ! h\se ( ,david1 ) :i*1 by ! promise ( ,na?an 9 #b ,sam4 vii4 salvation 0 indissolubly connect$1 & ! high importance ( :i* = ! weal & woe ( ! p appe>s also f ! circum/ance ( its be+ sev]al times m5tion$ 9 our *apt]4 ,h5ce x w\ld be a son ( ,ahaz only ( :om we c\ld "h ?9k2 & !n we %\ld be %ut up to ,hezekiah1 8 fir/-born4 ,b 9 t case !re arises ! difficulty :i* ,lu!r already br\ght =w>d aga9/ ! ,jews3 ,pg #fa ,! ,jews und]/& !reby ,hezekiah4 ,b ! bl9d p1 :ile anxi\s to rem$y _! error1 !mselves manife/ _! laz9ess & ignorance2 = ,hezekiah 0 born n9e ye>s be=e ?is prophecy 0 utt]$6--,! eat+ ( cream & honey is1 9 ?is explanation1 altoge!r errone\sly und]/ood z a designation ( ! deva/at$ condition ( ! l&4 ,f our rem>ks1 x suffici5tly appe>s t ! expression to refuse ! evil1 c41 _c d5ote ! matur] juv5ile age4 ,& _m additional po9ts might1 9 l mann]1 be urg$4 #b4 ,sev]al int]pret]s d n inde$ d5y ! ref]5ce to ! ,messiah1 b suppose t1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! ,prophet _h 9 view "s occurr5ce ( 8 own "t4 ,!y assume t ! ,prophet1 :ile speak+ ( a boy ( 8 own "t1 makes use1 "u ! guidance ( div9e provid5ce1 ( expressions1 :i* apply m to ,*ri/1 & c1 9 an improp] & inf]ior s5se only1 be true ( ?is boy4 ,?is op9ion 0 advanc$ z e>ly z 9 ! "t ( ,j]ome1 by "s anonym\s au?or :o1 on t acc\nt1 is sev]ely c5sur$ by him3 ,"s ,judaiz] f among u ass]ts t ! ,prophet _h two sons1 ,%e>ja%ub & ,immanuel4 ,immanuel too 01 accord+ to him1 born by ! prophetess1 ! wife ( ! ,prophet1 & a type ( ! ,savi\r1 our ,"l2 s t ! =m] son ,%e>ja%ub 7:i* means 'remnant1'or 'conv]t+'7 designates ! ,jewi% p t h be5 left & aft]w>ds conv]t$2 :ile ! second son ,immanuel1 ') u is ,god1' signifies ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles aft] ! ,^w became fle% & dwelt among u4 ,?is explanation 0 def5d$ by1 among o!rs ,grotius1 ,ri*>d ,simon1 & ,cl]icus2 & !n1 9 our c5tury1 by ,ol%aus51 :o says3 ,! unity ( ! ref]5ce lies 9 ! "n ,immanuel2 ! son ( ,isaiah _h ! "n b ,*ri/ ! ess5ce4 ,he 0 ! visible ,god :om ! =m] only repres5t$4 ,9 a modifi$ =m1 ?is view is held by ,l[?1 ,koppe1 & von ,mey]1 also4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! ,prophet is inde$ n suppos$ to speak ( a def9ite boy :o 0 to be born 9 8 "t1 b yet1 to connect ! de/9ies ( 8 l& ) ! "n & de/9ies ( a boy ^: conception he1 at ! mom5t1 imag9es to be possible4 ,! mo/ obvi\s mean+ :i* w\ld pres5t itself to ,ahaz1 says von ,mey]1 0 ?is3 ,if n[ a girl 0 to m>ry1 to become ,pg #fb pregnant1 & to be> a *ild1 %e may call him ',god ) u1'= ,god w be ) u at 8 "t4 ,b ! prophecy is1 aft] all1 to h an ultimate ref]5ce to ,*ri/4 ,! prophecy1 says ,l[?1 is introduc$ 9 s solemn a mann]2 ! sign1 aft] ,ahaz _h refus$ ! call to fix ^u any ?+ f ! :ole t]ritory ( nature accord+ to 8 own *oice1 is s emphatically decl>$ to be "o select$ & giv5 by ,god himself2 ! t]ms ( ! prophecy are s unique 9 _! k9d1 & ! "n ( ! *ild is s expressive2 !y compreh5d 9 !m s mu* m ?an ! circum/ances ( ! bir? ( an ord9>y *ild require1 or c\ld ev5 p]mit1 t we may easily suppose1 t 9 m9ds1 :i* 7 already prep>$ by ! expectation ( a great ,savi\r :o 0 to come =? f ! h\se ( ,david1 !y excit$ hopes :i* /ret*$ f>!r ?an any ) :i* ! pres5t cause c\ld inspire !m1 especially if x 0 f\nd t 9 ! succe$+ prophecy1 publi%$ imm$iately aft]w>ds1 ?is *ild 01 "u ! "n ( ,immanuel1 treat$ z ! ,"l & ,pr9ce ( ! l& ( ,judah4 ,:o else c\ld ?is be ?an ! heir ( ! ?rone ( ,david1 "u :i* "* a great1 & ev5 div9e p]son _h be5 promis$8 ,! reasons = ! ,messianic explanation are v well exhibit$ 9 ^! words ( ,l[?2 b he1 z little z any o!r ( ^! int]pret]s1 has be5 able to v9dicate ! assumption ( a d\ble s5se4 ,:5 m closely exam9$1 ! supposition is a m]e make%ift4 ,on ! "o h&1 !y c\ld n make up _! m9ds to give up ! ,messianic explanation1 &1 along ) x1 ! au?ority ( ! ,apo/le ,mat!w4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 !y 7 puzzl$ by ! sanctum artificium by :i* ! ,prophet1 or r ! ,holy ,_s speak+ ?r\gh him1 repres5ts ,*ri/ z be+ born ev5 be=e ,8 bir?1 places ,him 9 ! mid/ ( ! life ( ! p1 & makes ,him accompany ! nation ?r\gh all ! /ages ( its exi/5ce4 ,9 tru?1 if ! real1 or ev5 ! ne>e/ fulfilm5t is s\ght = 9 ! "t ( ,ahaz1 !re is no reason :atev] = suppos+ a high] ref]5ce to ,*ri/4 ,! ,hebrew3 elmh is !n "o :o 0 a virg91 :o _h no?+ 9 common ) ! "m ( ,jesus1 ,m>y1 :o rema9$ a virg9 ev5 aft] h] pregnancy4 ,! "n ,immanuel !n ref]s to ! help :i* ,god is to af=d 9 ! pres5t di/ress4 ,pg #fc #c4 ,_m int]pret]s d5y e ref]5ce to ,*ri/4 ,?is int]pretation rema9$ = a long "t ! exclusive prop]ty ( ! ,jews1 until ,j4 ,e4 ,fab] 79 8 rem>ks on ,h>m>'s obs]vations on ! ,ea/1 i4 ,s4 #bha71 tri$ to transplant x into ! ,*ri/ian soil4#e ,he 0 foll[$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olic1 ,is5biehl 7,neu] ,v]su* b] die ,weissagung vom ,immanuel1 #aggh7 :o1 9 consequ5ce ( x1 0 depos$ f 8 !ological pr(essor%ip1 & ?r[n into gaol4 ,! pr9cipal t5ets ( 8 "w he _h borr[$ f ! lectures ( ,j4 ,d4 ,mi*aelis4 ,9 _! views ab\t ! ,almah1 :o is to be> ,immanuel1 ^! int]pret]s are v mu* at v>iance4 7a7 ,! m anci5t ,jews ma9ta9$ t ! ,almah 0 ! wife ( ,ahaz1 & ,immanuel1 8 son ,hezekiah4 ,accord+ to ! ,dialog4 c4 ,tryph4 #ff1 #fh1 #ga1 #gg1 ?is view prevail$ among !m z e>ly z ! "t ( ,ju/94 ,b !y 7 refut$ by ,j]ome1 :o %[$ t ,hezekiah mu/1 at t "t1 h already be5 at lea/ n9e ye>s old4 ,kim*i & ,ab>banel !n resort$ to ! hypo!sis ( a second wife ( ,ahaz4 7b7 ,accord+ to ! view ( o!rs1 ! ,almah is "s virg9 :o _c be def9itely det]m9$ by u1 :o 0 pres5t at ! place :]e ! k+ & ,isaiah 7 speak+ to "o ano!r1 & to :om ! ,prophet po9ts ) 8 f+]4 ,?is view 0 held by ,is5biehl1 ,/eudel 79 a ,programme1 ,tb+51 #ahae71 & o!rs4 7c7 ,accord+ to ! view ( o!rs1 ! ,almah is n a real b only an ideal virg94 ,?us ,j4 ,d4 ,mi*aelis3 ,at ! "t :5 "o1 :o at ?is mom5t is /ill a virg91 c be>1 c4 ,ei*horn1 ,paulus1 ,/hel91 & o!rs4 ,! sign is ?us made to consi/ 9 a m]e poetical figure4 7d7 ,a composition ( ! two views la/ m5tion$ is ! view ( ,umbreit4 ,! virg9 is1 accord+ to him1 an actual virg9 :om ! ,prophet p]ceiv$ among ^? surr\nd+ him2 b ! pregnancy & bir? are imag9>y ,pg #fd m]ely1 & ! virg9 is to sugge/ to ! ,prophet ! idea ( pregnancy4 ,b ?is explanation w\ld saddle ! ,prophet ) some?+ indec5t4 ,f>!r3 ,x is n a bir? possible :i* is spok5 (1 b an actual bir?4 ,f *ap4 viii4 #h1 x likewise appe>s t ,immanuel is a real individual1 & ,he "o ( em95t dignity2 & ?is passage is ?us at once 9 /rict opposition to bo? ( ! explanations1 viz4 t ( any ord9>y virg91 & t ( ! ideal virg94 ,x de/roys also 7e7 ,! explanation ( ,mei]1 :o by ! virg9 und]/&s ! p ( ,judah1 & conceives ( ! pregnancy & bir? likewise 9 a poetical mann]4 ,! fact1 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( :i* has l$ ,mei] to get up ?is hypo!sis1 altoge!r unf\nd$1 & undes]v+ ( any m9ute refutation1 is ?is3 ,! "m is1 9 ! passage be=e u1 call$ a virg91 & yet is designat$ z be+ ) *ild4 ,! words1 :5 und]/ood physically & outw>dly1 conta9 a contradiction4 ,b ?is fact is r 9 fav\r ( ! ,messianic explanation4 7f7 ,o!rs1 f>!r1 conjecture t ! wife ( ! ,prophet is meant by ! ,almah4 ,?is view 0 advanc$ z e>ly z by ,ab5ezra & ,j>*i4 ,by ! au?ority ( ,ges5ius1 ?is view became1 = a "t1 ! prevail+ "o4 ,aga9/ x1 ! foll[+ argum5ts are decisive2 "p ( !m be+ oppos$ to ! o!r conjectures also4 ,z ,hebrew3 elmh designates virg9 only1 & nev] a "y woman1 &1 f> less1 an old] woman1 x is q impossible t ! wife ( ! ,prophet1 ! "m ( ,%e>ja%ub c\ld be s designat$1 inasmu* z ! latt] 0 already old en\gh to be able to accompany 8 fa!r4 ,ges5ius c\ld n avoid ackn[l$g+ ! weight ( ?is argum5t1 & decl>$ himself dispos$ to assume t ! ,prophet's =m] wife _h di$1 & t he _h !reupon betro!d himself to a virg94 ,ol%aus51 ,maur]1 ,h5dew]k1 & o!rs1 h foll[$ him 9 ?is4 ,b ?is is a /ory entirely )\t f\ndation4 ,9 *ap4 viii4 #ac1 ! wife ( ! ,prophet is call$ simply ! prophetess4 ,nor c\ld "o well see h[ ! ,prophet c\ld expect to be und]/ood1 if1 by ! g5]al expression3 ! virg9 he wi%$ to signify 8 presumptive betro!d4 ,!re ,pg #fe is an entire abs5ce ( e intimation :atsoev] ( a ne>] relation ( ! ,almah to ! ,prophet2 & su* an intimation c\ld n by any means be want+ if su* a relation really exi/$4 ,"o w\ld1 9 t case at lea/1 be oblig$ to suppose1 z ,pls*ke does1 t ! ,prophet took 8 betro!d ) him1 & po9t$ to h] ) 8 f+]1--a supposition :i* too pla9ly exhibits ! sign ( emb>rassm5t1 j z is ! case ) ! rem>k ( ,h5dew]k3 ,only t1 9 t case1 we mu/ also suppose t 8 second wife 0 suffici5tly kn[n at c\rt ev5 !n1 :5 %e 0 8 betro!d only1 al?\gh h] relation to ,isaiah might be unkn[n2 s t1 = ?is v reason1 we c\ld n ?9k ( a fru/ration ( ! sign on ! "p ( ! k+4 ,hitzig rem>ks3 ,! supposition ( a =m] wife ( ! ,prophet is altoge!r de/itute ( any f\ndation4 ,he !n1 h[ev]1 falls back ^u ! hypo!sis :i* ,ges5ius himself admitt$ to be unt5able1 t ,hebrew3 elmh1 virg9 might n only d5ote a "y woman1 b sometimes also an old] woman4 ,n ev5 ! semblance ( a pro( c be advanc$ 9 support ( ?is4 ,x is j ! juv5ile age :i* =ms ! fundam5tal signification ( ! ^w4 ,9 ! wife ( ! ,prophet we c ! less ?9k ( su* a juv5ile age1 t he himself _h already ex]cis$ 8 prophetic (fice = ab\t tw5ty ye>s4 ,hitzig has inde$ altoge!r decl9$ to lead any su* pro(4 ,a son ( ! ,prophet1 z1 9 g5]al1 e subject except ! ,messiah1 is exclud$ by ! circum/ance t 9 *ap viii4 #h1 ,canaan is call$ ! l& ( ,immanuel4--,f>!r1--,9 all ^! suppositions1 ,hebrew3 avt is und]/ood 9 an inadmissible signification4 ,x c "h d5ote a fact only1 :]eby ^? :o 7 really susceptible 7 made decid$ly c]ta9 ( ! imp5d+ deliv]ance4 ,?is appe>s cle>ly en\gh f ! relation ( ?is sign to t :i* ,ahaz _h be=e refus$1 accord+ to :i* ! diff]5ce mu/ n be too great1 & mu/ n ref] to ! sub/ance4 ,to ?is may be add$ ! solemn tone :i* induces u to expect some?+ gr& & important4 ,a m]e poetical image1 su* z w\ld be be=e u accord+ to ! hypo!sis ( ! ideal virg91 or ( ! real virg9 & ! ideal bir?1 does ,pg #ff surely n come up to ! dem& :i* 9 ?is context mu/ be made 9 ref]5ce to ?is sign4 ,& if ! ,prophet _h ann\nc$ s solemnly1 & 9 words s sublime1 ! bir? ( 8 own *ild1 he w\ld h made himself ridicul\s4 ,f>!r1--,h[ !n did ! ,prophet "k t aft] n9e mon?s a *ild w\ld be born to him1 or1 if ! pregnancy be consid]$ z hav+ already comm5c$1 h[ did he "k t j a son w\ld be born to him8 ,t is a "q to :i* mo/ ( ^! ,rationali/ic int]pret]s take good c>e n to give any reply4 ,pls*ke1 inde$1 is ( op9ion t1 ^u a bold conjecture1 ! ,prophet _h v5tur$ ?is /atem5t4 ,b 9 t case x might easily h f>$ ) him z 9 t well kn[n /ory 9 ,worms1 7,eis5m5g]1 entdecktes ,jud5?um ii4 ,s4 #ffd ff471 & 8 :ole au?ority w\ld h be5 =feit$ if 8 conjecture _h prov$ false4 ,& ?is argum5t holds true 9 ref]5ce to ^? also :o d n %>e 9 ! ,rationali/ic view1 ( ,prophetism4 ,pr$ictions ( su* a k9d may belong to ! t]ritory ( =etell+1 b n to t ( ,prophecy4 ,footnote #a3 ,mey]1 ,bltt] fr h"h ,wahrheit1 iii4 ,s4 #aja4 ,footnote #b3 ,casp>i v ju/ly rem>ks3 ,no?+ c be cle>] ?an t #b ,*ron4 xxviii4 #e ff4 comes 9 betwe5 #b ,k+s xvi4 #e a4 b42 t ! au?or ( ! books ( ! ,k+s gives a report ( ! beg9n+ & end2 ! au?or ( ! ,*ronicles1 ( ! middle ( ! campaign4 ,b we _c agree ) ,casp>i 9 8 transf]r+ to ,idumea ! victory ( ,rez94 ,accord+ to ,is4 vii4 #b1 ,aram 0 encamp$ 9 ,ephraim4 ,accord+ to #b ,k+s xvi4 #e1 bo? ( ! k+s came up to ,j]usalem & besieg$ h]4 ,! exp$ition aga9/ ,ela?1 #b ,k+s xvi4 #f1 0 second>y1 & by ! way only4 ,footnote #c3 ,! words3 ,9 ?reescore & five ye>s m1 ,ephraim %all be brok5 & be no m a p1 h1 by rationali/ic critics1 )\t & aga9/ all ext]nal argum5ts1 be5 decl>$ to be spuri\s4 ,! reasons :i* s]ve z fig leaves to cov] _! doctr9al t5d5cy are ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! "t does n agree1 inasmu* z ! t5 tribes su/a9$ _! fir/ defeat v soon aft]w>ds by ,tigla?-pilez]2 ! second1 n9ete5 to tw5ty-"o ye>s lat]1 by ,%almanez]1 :o1 9 ! six? ye> ( ,hezekiah1 c>ri$ ! inhabitants ( ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes away into captivity4 ,b ! "q "h is ! complete de/ruction ( ! national exi/5ce ( ,israel2 & t took place only "u ,k+ ,manasseh1 :51 by ,az>haddon1 new ,g5tile coloni/s 7 br\ght into ! l&1 :o expell$ f x ! old inhabitants :o _h aga9 ga!r$ !mselves toge!r2 comp4 #b ,k+s xvii4 #bd ) ,ezra iv4 #b1 #aj4 ,f t "t1 ,israel amalgamat$ m & m ) ,judah1 & nev] return$ to a national indep5d5ce4 ,?is happ5$ exactly sixty-five ye>s aft] ! ann\ncem5t by ! ,prophet4 ,*ap4 vi4 #ab comp>$ ) v]4 #ac %[s h[ little ! desolation ( ! c\ntry 7v]4 #af7 is connect$ ) ! break+ up z a nation4 ,x is1 moreov]1 at lea/ z mu* ! int]e/ ( ^? :o ass]t ! spuri\sness1 z x is ours to remove ! *ronological difficulties2 = h[ c\ld x be imag9$ t ! suppos$ au?or %\ld h introduc$ a false *ronological /atem5t8 ,8 object surely c\ld be none o!r ?an to procure au?ority = ! ,prophet1 by putt+ into 8 m\? a prophecy s v evid5tly & manife/ly fulfill$4 7#b7 ,! words conta9 an unsuitable consolation1 z ,ahaz c\ld n be b5efitt$ by s late a de/ruction ( 8 enemy4 ,b1 imm$iately aft]w>ds1 he is ev5 expressly assur$ t ?is enemy w n be able to d him any imm$iate h>m4 ,*ryso/om rem>ks3 ,! k+1 he>+ t !y %\ld be de/roy$ aft] sixty-five ye>s1 might say )9 himself3 ,:at ab\t t8 ,al?\gh !y be !n ov]?r[n1 ( :at use is x to u1 if !y n[ take u8 ,9 ord] t ! k+ might n speak ?us1 ! ,prophet says3 ,be ( good *e] ev5 z to ! pres5t4 ,at t "t !y %all be utt]ly de/roy$2 b ev5 n[1 !y %all n h any m ?an _! own l&1 = '! head ( ,ephraim1' c4 ,! prec$+ di/9ct ann\ncem5t ( ! la/ end ( 8 enemy1 h[ev]1 0 exce$+ly well fitt$ to break 9 ,ahaz ! op9ion ( 8 inv9cibility1 & to /r5g!n 8 fai? 9 ! ,god ( ,israel1 :o1 ) a firm h&1 directs ! de/9ies ( nations1 &1 no less1 ! fai? 9 ,8 s]vant :om ,he raises to be privy to ,8 secrets4--7#c47 ,! use ( numb]s s exact is aga9/ ! analogy ( all oracles4 ,b imm$iately aft]w>ds 7v]4 #ae comp4 ) *ap4 viii4 #d71 ! "t ( ! defeat is z exactly fix$1 al?\gh n 9 ciph]s4 ,9 *ap4 xx4 ,isaiah ann\nces t aft] ?ree ye>s ! ,egyptians & ,e?iopians %all su/a9 a defeat2 9 *ap4 xxiii4 #ae1 t ,tyre w\ld fl\ri% anew sev5ty ye>s aft] its fall2 9 *ap4 xxxviii4 #e1 he ann\nces to ,hezekiah1 sick unto dea?1 t ,god w\ld add fifte5 ye>s to 8 life4 ,accord+ to ,j]emiah1 ! ,babyloni% captivity is to la/ sev5ty ye>s2 & ! fulfilm5t has %[n t ?is date is n to be und]/ood z a r\nd numb]4 ,& f>!r1 ! ye>-weeks 9 ,daniel4--,b 9 opposition to ?is view1 & positively 9 fav\r ( ! g5u95ess1 are ! foll[+ argum5ts3 ,! words h n only1 z is conc$$ by ,ewald1 a true old-,hebrew col\r+1 b 9 _! emphatic & solemn brevity 7he %all be brok5 f be+ a p7 !y d n at all be> ! "* ( an int]polation4 ,if we blot !m out1 !n ! ,prophet says less ?an f pres5t circum/ances1 f v]4 #d1 :]e he calls ! k+s ends ( smok+ firebr&s1 9 opposition to v]4 #f1 & f ! analogy ( v]4 #i1 :]e ! ?reat5+ is mu* m sev]e1 he 0 b\nd to say4 ,8 say+ m]ely t !y w\ld n get any m1 0 n suffici5t4 ,he c\ld make ! "r impression only :5 he r$uc$ t decl>ation to its f\ndation--i4e41 _! own de/ruction & ov]?r[4 ,v]4 #af1 too1 w\ld g f> beyond :at w\ld be ann\nc$ "h1 if we remove ?is clause4 ,he ann\nces de/ruction to ! k+s !mselves4 ,f9ally1 ! symmetrical p>allelism w\ld be de/roy$ by /rik+ out ^! words4 ,! words3 ,if ye believe n1 ye %all n be e/abli%$1 w\ld1 9 t case1 be )\t ! p>allel memb]s4 ,!y are connect$ ) ! clause "u discussion s mu* ! r1 t 9 !m x is n specially ,judah's deliv]ance f ! ,syrians & ,ephraimites t is look$ at1 b its salvation 9 g5]al4 ,footnote #d3 ,by a m9ute & trifl+ exposition ( :at is to be und]/ood z a :ole1 & compreh5sively1 _m misund]/&+s h be5 introduc$ into ?is passage4 ,! defeat ( ,as%ur %\ld take place v soon1 b ! deva/ation ( ! c\ntry _h be5 s complete t a long] "t w\ld be requir$ be=e ! fields w\ld be aga9 completely cultivat$4 ,footnote #e3 ,ges5ius m5tions ,pellicanus z ! fir/ def5d] ( ! ,non-,messianic int]pretation4 ,b ?is /atem5t seems to h proce$$ f a cursory view ( an annotation by ,cram] on ,ri*>d ,simon's ,kritis*e ,s*rift5 i4 ,s4 #dda1 :]e ! words3 ?is hi/orical int]pretation ,pellicanus too has pref]r$1 d n ref] to ,isaiah b to ,daniel4 ,nor is !re any m gr\nd = ! intimation t ,!odorus a ,mopsue/a reject$ ! ,messianic int]pretation4 ,,! ,,prophecy1 ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 #bc-;,,ix4 #f4 7,*ap4 ix4 #a-g47 ,,unto ,,u ,a ,,*ild ,,is ,,born4 ,9 ! view ( ! ,assyrian cata/rophe1 ! ,prophet is anxi\s to br+ x home to ! consci5ces ( ! p t1 by _! own guilt1 !y h br\ght d[n ^u !mselves ?is calamity1 &1 at ! same "t1 to prev5t !m f despair+4 ,h5ce x is t1 soon aft] ! prophecy 9 *ap4 vii41 he rev]ts once m to ! subject ( x4 ,! circum/ances 9 *ap4 viii4 #a-;ix4 #f 7#g7 are id5tical ) ^? 9 *ap4 vii4 ,judah is h>d press$ by ,ephraim & ,aram4 ,/ill1 "s "t w elapse be=e ! de/ruction ( ,pg #fg _! t]ritories4 ,! t]m 9 *ap4 vii4 #af3 ,be=e ! boy %all "k to refuse ! evil & *oose ! good1 & 9 *ap4 viii4 #d3 ,be=e ! boy %all "k to cry1 ,my fa!r & my "m1 is q ! same4 ,?is is ! less to be d\bt$ :5 x is kept 9 m9d t1 9 ! =m] passage1 evil & good mu/ be tak5 9 a physical s5se4 ,! s5se = ! diff]5ce ( food is1 9 a *ild1 develop$ at ne>ly ! same "t z ! ability = speak+4 ,if x _h n be5 ! int5tion ( ! ,prophet to designate "o & ! same p]iod1 he ought to h fix$ m di/9ctly ! limits betwe5 ! two t]m9i4 ,x might1 inde$1 f *ap4 viii4 #c1 appe> z if at lea/ ! n9e mon?s mu/ int]v5e betwe5 ! two prophecies ( ! conception ( ! son ( ! ,prophet1 & 8 bir?4 ,z1 h[ev]1 x _c be d5i$ t !re is a connection betwe5 ! giv+ ( ! "n1 & ! draw+ up ( ! docum5t 9 v]s4 #a & #b1 we %\ld be oblig$ to suppose t1 9 ref]5ce to ! fir/ two futures ) ,vav conv]s4 ! same rule applies z 9 ref]5ce to ,hebrew3 vicr1 9 ,g54 ii4 #ai4 ,! progress lies fir/ 9 ,hebrew3 vtld2 ! ev5t fall+ into t "t is ! bir?4 ,*ap4 viii4 #a-;ix4 #f 7#g71 =ms ! necess>y supplem5t to *ap4 vii41 ! g]m ( :i* is conta9$ already 9 *ap4 vii4 #ba1 #bb4 ,! ,prophet saw1 by ! light ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 t ! fe> ( ,aram & ,ephraim 0 unf\nd$2 ! enemy truly dang]\s is ,as%ur1 i4e41 ! :ole _w's p[] fir/ repres5t$ by ,as%ur4 ,= ! ,k+ ( ,as%ur is1 s to say1 an ideal p]son to ! ,prophet4 ,! diff]5t phases ( ! _w's p[]s are intimat$ z e>ly z *ap4 viii4 #i1 :]e ! ,prophet addresses ! nations1 & all ! f>-(f c\ntries2 &1 at a lat] p]iod1 he receiv$ disclosures reg>d+ all ! s+le phases ( ! _w's p[] :i* began its c\rse ) ,as%ur4 ,) ?is ! ,prophet _h only ?reat5$ 9 *ap4 vii42 "h1 h[ev]1 he is pre-em95tly employ$ ) x1 exhort+1 com=t+1 promis+1 s t ?us ! two sections =m "o :ole 9 two divisions4 ,8 ma9 object is to induce 8 p1 9 ! imp5d+ oppression by ! _w's p[]1 to direct _! eyes /eadily to _! heav5ly ,r$eem]1 :o1 9 due "t1 w br+ peace in/ead ( /rife1 salvation & prosp]ity in/ead ( mis]y1 dom9ion in/ead ( oppression4 ,z 9 *ap4 vii4 #ad1 ! ,pg #fh picture ( ,immanuel is plac$ be=e ! eyes ( ! p despond+ on acc\nt ( ,aram & ,ephraim1 s "h ! c>e1 anxiety1 & fe> 9 ! view ( ,as%ur are ov]come by po9t+ to ! decl>ation3 ,unto u a *ild is born1 unto u a son is giv54 ,x is ( great importance = ! "r und]/&+ ( ! ,messianic ann\ncem5t 9 *ap4 viii4 #bc1 ix4 #f1 t ! hi/orical circum/ances ( ! :ole section1 & its t5d5cy be cle>ly und]/ood4 ,z1 9 g5]al1 ! ,messianic ann\ncem5t "u ! ,old ,te/am5t be>s a "o-sid$ "*1 s1 = ! pres5t occasion1 ^? aspects only ( ! picture ( ! ,savi\r 7 requir$ :i* 7 fitt$ effectually to meet ! despond5cy ( ! p 9 ! view1 & "u ! pressure ( ! _w's p[]4 ,aft] ^! prelim9>y rem>ks1 we mu/ ent] /ill m 9 detail ^u ! arrangem5t & con/ruction ( ! section be=e u4 ,! ,prophet receives1 fir/1 ! commission to write d[n1 l a judicial docum5t1 ! ann\ncem5t ( ! spe$y de/ruction ( ! pres5t enemies1 & to get x confirm$ by tru/-wor?y witnesses1 *ap4 viii4 #a1 #b4 ,he !n1 f>!r1 receives ! commission to give1 to a son t w\ld be born to him ab\t ! same "t1 a "n expressive ( ! spe$y de/ruction ( ! enemies1 v]s4 #c1 #d4 ,?us f> ! ann\ncem5t ( ! deliv]ance f ,aram & ,ephraim4 ,!re !n foll[s1 f v]s4 #e-h1 an ann\ncem5t ( ! mis]y :i* is to be inflict$ by ,as%ur1 ( :om ,ahaz & ! unbeliev+ portion ( ! p expect$ no?+ b deliv]ance4 ,up to ?is1 !re is a recapitulation only1 & a confirmation ( *ap4 vii4 ,b ?is mis]y is n to la/ = ev]1 is n to end 9 de/ruction4 ,9 v]s4 #i1 #aj1 ! ,prophet addresses exult+ly ! ho/ile nations1 & ann\nces to !m1 :at _h already be5 g5tly h9t$ at at ! close ( v]4 #h1 t _! attempts to put an end to ! cov5ant-p w\ld be va91 & w\ld lead to _! own de/ruction4 ,! spl5d\r ( ,as%ur mu/ fade be=e ! bright image ( ,immanuel1 :i* calls to ! p3 ,be ye ( good *e]1 ,i h ov]come ! _w4 ,calv9 /rik+ly rem>ks3 ,! ,prophet may be conceiv$ (1 z x 71 /&+ on a wat* t[]1 :5ce he beholds ! defeat ( ! p1 & ! victori\s ,assyrians insol5tly exult+4 ,pg #fi ,b by ! "n & view ( ,*ri/ he recov]s himself1 =gets all ! evils z if he _h suff]$ no?+1 &1 fre$ f all mis]y1 he rises aga9/ ! enemies :om ! ,"l w\ld imm$iately de/roy4 ,! ,prophet !n int]rupts ! ann\ncem5t ( deliv]ance1 & exhibits ! subjective conditions ^u :i* ! be/[al ( deliv]ance1 or r ! p>tak+ 9 x1 dep5ds1 along ) ! ann\ncem5t ( ! fe>ful mis]y :i* w\ld befal !m 9 case ^! conditions 7 n compli$ )4 ,b1 s he cont9ues 9 v]s4 #aa-af1 he :o is to p>take ( ! deliv]ance :i* ! ,"l has de/9$ = ,8 p1 mu/ 9 firm fai? expect x f ,him1 & !reby inw>dly sep>ate himself f ! unbeliev+ mass1 :o1 at e appe>ance ( dang]1 tremble & give up all = lo/4 ,he :o /&s z ill z t mass 9 ! trial inflict$ by ! ,"l2 he to :om ! dang] becomes an occasion = manife/+ ! unbelief ( 8 he>t2--he inde$ w p]i% 9 x4 ,at ! close1 ! prophet is emphatically admoni%$ to impress ?is great & important tru? ^u ! m9ds ( ! susceptible ones4 ,9 v]4 #ag3 ,& ,i wait$ ^u ! ,"l1 c41 ! ,prophet reports :at effect 0 produc$ ^u him by ?is revelation f ! ,"l1--!reby tea*+ indirectly :at effect x ought to produce ^u all4 ,9 v]4 #ah1 ! ,prophet directs ! despond+ p to ! example ( himself :o1 accord+ to v]4 #ag1 is joyful 9 8 fai?1 & to ! names ( 8 sons :i* ann\nc$ deliv]ance4 ,deliv]ance & com=t are to be s\ght f ! ,god ( ,israel only4 ,va91 !re=e1--?is he br+s out1 v]s4 #ai-bb--;are all o!r means by :i* p )\t fai? seek to procure help to !mselves4 ,!y %\ld return to ,god's holy ,law :i*1 9 ,deut4 xviii4 #ad1 ff4 comm&s to seek disclosures z reg>ds ! future1 & com=t f ,8 s]vants ! ,prophets only1 & :i* itself ab\nds 9 com=t & promise4 ,if su* be n done1 mis]y )\t any deliv]ance1 despair )\t any com=t1 are ! unavoidable consequ5ces4 ,f v]4 #bc1 ! ,prophet cont9ues ! int]rupt$ ann\ncem5t ( deliv]ance4 ,t :i*1 9 ! prec$+ v]ses1 he _h ?reat5$ 9 ! case ( apo/acy f ,god's ,^w1 & ( unbelief1 viz41 d>kness1 i4e41 ! abs5ce ( deliv]ance1 w1 z ! ,prophet1 accord+ to v]s4 #ba1 #bb1 =esees1 really befal !m 9 future1 z ,pg #gj ! p w n fulfil ! conditions held =? 9 v]s4 #af & #bj1 z !y w n speak3 ,to ! ,law & to ! te/imony1 z !y w n 9 fai? lay hold ( ! promise1 & tru/ 9 ! ,"l4 ,! calamity hav+1 9 ! prec$+ v]ses1 be5 repres5t$ z d>kness1 ! deliv]ance :i*1 by ! grace ( ! ,"l1 is to be be/[$ ^u ! p 7= ! ,"l inde$ *a/ises ,8 p on acc\nt ( _! unbelief1 b does n give !m up to dea?71 is n[ repres5t$ z a great light :i* dispels ! d>kness4 ,x %9es mo/ cle>ly j :]e ! d>kness _h be5 greate/--9 t "p ( ! c\ntry :i*1 be+ outw>dly & inw>dly giv5 up to hea!nism1 seem$ sc>cely /ill to belong to ! l& ( ! ,"l1 viz41 ! c\ntry ly+ ar\nd ! lake ( ,g5nes>e?4 ,! p are fill$ ) joy on acc\nt ( ! deliv]ance grant$ to !m by ! ,"l1--_! deliv]ance f ! yoke ( _! oppressors1 f ! bondage ( ! _w :i* n[ comes to an end4 ,z ! be/[] ( su* deliv]ance1 ! ,prophet beholds a div9e *ild :o1 hav+ obta9$ dom9ion1 w ex]cise x ) ! skill ( ! ,god-man2 :o w1 ) fa!rly love1 9 all et]nity c>e = ,8 p & create peace to !m2 :o w1 at ! same "t1 inf9itely ext5d ,8 dom9ion1 ! k+dom ( ,david1 n by means ( ! =ce ( arms1 b by means ( "r & righte\sness1 ! ex]cise ( :i* w attract ! nations to ,him2 s t ) ! increase ( dom9ion1 ! increase ( peace goes h& 9 h&4 ,! gu>antee t ^! glori\s results %all really take place is ! zeal ( ! ,"l1 & x is ?is to :i* ! ,prophet po9ts at ! close4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,*ap4 viii4 #bc 7ix4 #a74 ,= n is d>kness to ! l&1 to :i* is di/ress2 9 ! =m] "t he has br\ght disgrace ^u ! l& ( ,zebulun & ! h9d ( ,naphtali1 & 9 ! aft]-"t he br+s x to hon\r1 ! region on ! sea1 ! o!r side ( ! ,jordan1 ,galilee ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,hebrew3 ki /&s 9 its ord9>y signification1 =4 ,all[ n y\rselves to be turn$ away by any?+ f tru/+ 9 ! ,god ( ,israel2 hold fa/ by ,8 ^w alone1 & by ,8 s]vants1--su* 0 ! fundam5tal ?\ght ( ! :ole prec$+ section4 ,x meets u la/ 9 v]4 #bj1 9 ! exhortation3 ,pg #ga ,to ! ,law & to ! te/imony6 9 s f> z ?is is ri* 9 consolation & promise4 ,! ,prophet1 aft] hav+1 9 ! prec$+ v]ses1 describ$ ! mis]y :i* w befal ^? :o d n foll[ ?is exhortation1 supports & e/abli%es x by ref]r+ to ! help ( ! ,"l already allud$ to 9 v]s4 #i & #aj1 & to ! light ( ,8 grace :i* ,he w cause to %9e into ! d>kness ( ! p1--a d>kness produc$ by _! unbelief & apo/acy2 & ?is light %all be brighte/ :]e ! d>kness 0 greate/4 ,all ! attempts at connect+ ?is ,hebrew3 ki ) ! v]se imm$iately prec$+ in/ead ( ref]r+ x to ! ma9 cont5ts ( ! prec$+ section1 h prov$ futile4 ,hebrew3 ki c nei!r mean nev]!less1 nor yea2 & ! /range ass]tion t x is almo/ )\t any mean+ at all _c d]ive any support f ,isaiah xv4 #a3 ,! burd5 ( ,moab1 = 9 ! night ! city ( ,moab is laid wa/e2 = only 9 t case is ,hebrew3 ki )\t any mean+ at all1 if ,hebrew3 mwa be falsely int]pret$4--,v]4 #bb1 :]e ! phrase ,hebrew3 mev,p ,cvqh d>kness ( di/ress is equival5t to d>kness :i* consi/s 9 di/ress 7comp>e also3 behold tr\ble & d>kness 9 ! same v]se71 %[s t ,hebrew3 mve,p & ,hebrew3 mvcq are sub/antially ( ! same mean+4--,our v]se =ms an anti!sis to v]4 #bb2 ! latt] v]se describ$ ! d>kness br\ght on by ! guilt ( ! p2 ! v]se "u consid]ation describes1 9 contra/ to x1 ! removal ( x call$ =? by ! grace ( ! ,"l4--,hebrew3 la may ei!r be connect$ ) ! n\n1 or x may be expla9$3 n is d>kness4 ,x _c be object$ to ! latt] view t1 9 t case1 ,hebrew3 ai,n %\ld r h /ood2 :ile ! analogy ( ! phrase3 ,n did/ ?\ increase ! joy1 9 *ap4 ix4 #b 7#c71 seems to be 9 fav\r ( x4 ,"h we h ! negative1 ! ceas+ ( d>kness2 9 *ap4 ix4 #a 7#b7 ! positive1 ! appe>ance ( light4 ,! suffix1 9 ,hebrew3 lh ref]s1 j z ! suffix1 9 ,hebrew3 bh 9 v]4 #ba1 to ! omitt$ ,hebrew3 ar,c4--,! ,hebrew3 k 9 ,hebrew3 ket is1 by _m int]pret]s1 ass]t$ to /& 9 ! signification ( ,hebrew3 kawr3 ,j z ! =m] "t has br\ght disgrace1 c4 ,b z x _c be prov$ t ,hebrew3 k has ev] ! mean+1 j z2 & z1 on ! o!r h&1 ,hebrew3 ket frequ5tly occurs 9 ! signification1 at ! "t 7comp>e my rem>ks on ,numb4 xxiii4 #ac 9 my "w on ,balaam71 we %all be oblig$ to take1 "h too1 ! ,hebrew3 k z a temporal p>ticle1 & to supply1 z ! subject1 ,jehovah1 :o ,pg #gb always /&s be=e ! ,prophet's m9d1 & is (t5 n m5tion$ :5 ! matt] itself excludes ano!r subject4 ,moreov]1 x is especially 9 fav\r ( ?is view t1 9 v]s4 #c 7#d71 ! ,"l himself is expressly address$4--,z reg>ds ,hebrew3 a,hrv,n1 ei!r ,hebrew3 ket may be suppli$1--& ?is is simple/ & mo/ natural--or x may be tak5 z an ,accusative1 = ! :ole aft]-"t4--,hebrew3 hql means prop]ly to make light1 !n to make contemptible1 to cov] ) disgrace1 & ,hebrew3 hkbid prop]ly !n1 to make heavy1 to hon\r1--a signification :i* inde$ is peculi> to ,piel1 b 9 :i* ! ,hiphil1 too1 occurs 9 ,j]4 xxx4 #ai2 ! two v]bs ?us =m an anti!sis4 ,! ,hebrew3 h locale 9 ,hebrew3 ar* 7! ^w does n occur 9 ,isaiah ) ! ,hebrew3 h p>agog47 %ews t a c]ta9 modification ( ! v]bal notion mu/ be assum$3 to br+ disgrace & hon\r4 ,hebrew3 ar* ?us w\ld mean t[>ds ! l&4 ,! sc5e ( ! disgrace & hon\r1 :i* at fir/ 0 designat$ 9 g5]al only1 is aft]w>ds ext5d$4 ,fir/1 ! l& ( ,zebulun & ,naphtali only is m5tion$1 because x 0 ^u x t ! disgrace _h pre-em95tly fall51 & x 01 !re=e1 pre-em95tly to be br\ght to hon\r2 !n ! :ole t]ritory along ! sea on bo? sides ( x4--,hebrew3 i,m c1 9 ?is context :i* s]ves = a m def9ite qualification1 mean ! sea ( ,g5nes>e? only 7,hebrew3 i,m knrt ,numb4 xxxiv4 #aa1 & o!r passages71 j z1 9 ,matt4 iv4 #ac1 ! designation ( ,cap]naum z ,greek3 h p>a?alassia receives its def9ite mean+ f ! context4--,hebrew3 dr,k occurs else:]e also 9 ! signification ( v]sus1 e4g41 ,ezek4 viii4 #e1 xl4 #bj1 #df2 x w be necess>y to supply aft] x ,hebrew3 ar,c1 j z 9 ! case ( ! ,hebrew3 ebr hird,n foll[+4 ,x is )\t any in/ance t ,hebrew3 dr,k way %\ld /& = region1 c\ntry4 ,! region on ! sea is !n divid$ into its two p>ts ,hebrew3 ebr hird,n1 ,greek3 p]an t\ ,iordan\1 ! l& on ! ea/ bank ( ,jordan1 & ,galilee4 ,! latt] answ]s to ! l& ( ,zebulun & ,naphtali2 = ! t]ritory ( ^! two tribes occupi$ ! c5tre & pr9cipal "p ( ,galilee4 ,9 opposition to ! e/abli%$ usus loqu5di1 _m w\ld und]/& ,hebrew3 ebr hird,n z mean+ ! l& on ! side1 i4e41 ?is side ( ! ,jordan1 proce$+ ^u ! supposition t ! local designations mu/1 f beg9n+ to end1 be congru\s4 ,oppos$ to x is also ! circum/ance t1 9 #b ,k+s1 xv4 #bi1 ! mo/ ea/w>d & mo/ nor?w>d c\ntries1 ,p]aea & ,galilee are connect$4 ,pg #gc ,9 t passage ! s+le places are m5tion$ :i* ,tigla?-pilez] took2 !n1 ! :ole di/ricts1 ,gilead & ,galilee1 ! :ole l& ( ,naphtali4 ,by ! latt] words1 t "p ( ,galilee is made especially prom95t ^u :i* ! cata/rophe fell mo/ sev]ely & completely4 ,9 ! phrase1 ,galilee ( ! ,g5tiles1 ,galilee is a geographical designation :i* 0 already curr5t at ! "t ( ! ,prophet4 ,!re is no reason = fix+ ! ext5t ( anci5t ,galilee diff]5tly f t ( ! m mod]n ,galilee1--= assign+ to x a m limit$ ext5t4 ,we are told 9 #a ,k+s ix4 #aa1 t ! tw5ty cities :i* ,solomon gave to ,hiram lay 9 ! l& ( ,galil1 b n t ! c\ntry 0 limit$ to !m4 ,! qualification1 ( ! ,g5tiles1 is n[h]e else met ) 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 x is peculi> to ! ,prophet4 ,x s]ves z a h9t to po9t out 9 :at ! disgrace ( ,galilee & ,p]aea consi/$4 ,?is ,!odoret also saw4 ,he says3 ,he calls x ',galilee ( ! ,g5tiles'because x 0 inhabit$ by o!r tribes along ) ! ,jews2 = ?is reason1 he says also ( ! inhabitants ( ^? c\ntries1 t !y 7 walk+ 9 d>kness1 & speaks ( ! inhabitants ( t l& z liv+ 9 ! %ad[ & l& ( dea?1 & promises ! brightness ( heav5ly light4 ,x is ( no small importance to obs]ve t ,isaiah does n designate ,galilee accord+ to :at x 0 at ! "t :5 ?is prophecy 0 utt]$1 b accord+ to :at x 0 to become 9 future4 ,! di/ress by ! ,g5tiles appe>s 9 *ap4 vii4 & viii4 ev]y:]e z a future "o4 ,at ! "t :5 ! ,prophet prophesi$1 ! ,jewi% t]ritory /ill exi/$ 9 its integrity4 ,9 v]s4 #d1 & #e-g1 he ann\nces ,as%ur's inroad into ! l& ( ,israel z a future "o2 9 ! pres5t mom5t1 x 0 ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes 9 connection ) ,aram :i* attack$ & ?reat5$ ,judea4 ,! sup]ior p[] ( ! _w :i*1 accord+ to ! cle> =esight ( ! ,prophet1 0 ?reat5+1 c\ld n b be s5sibly felt 9 ! ,nor? & ,ea/4 ,= ^! =m$ ! bord] p>ts aga9/ ! ,asiatic _w's p[]2 x 0 f t qu>t] t its invasions commonly took place2 & x 0 to be expect$ t !re1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! ,g5tiles w\ld e/abli% !mselves1 j z1 9 =m] times1 !y _h ma9ta9$ !mselves longe/ !re2 comp4 ,judges i4 #cj-ch2 ,keil on #a ,k+s ix4 #aa4 ,b v soon aft] ?is1 ,pg #gd ! "n ,galilee ( ! ,g5tiles ceas$ to be "o m]ely prophetical2 ,tigla?pilez] c>ri$ ! inhabitants ( ,galilee & ,gilead into exile1 #b ,k+s xv4 #bi4 ,at a lat] p]iod1 :5 ! ,greek empire peopl$ ,pale/9e1 9 ! mo/ attractive places1 ) new cities1 re/or$ _m :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( ! de/ructive w>s1 _h fall5 into decay1 fill$ all ( !m1 m or less1 ) ,greek cu/oms & in/itutions1 &1 along ) ! newly-op5$ ext5sive comm]ce & traffic1 ev]y:]e spread ,greek mann]s also1 ?is *ange 0 *iefly limit$ to ,galilee & ,p]aea2 ,judea rema9$ free f x2 comp4 ,ewald1 ,ges*i*te ,israels1 iii4 #b ,s4 #bfd ff4 ,9 #a ,maccab4 v4 ,galaaditis & ,galilee appe> z ^? p>ts ( ! c\ntry :]e ! exi/5ce ( ! ,jews is almo/ hopelessly endang]$ by ! ,g5tiles liv+ 9 ! mid/ (1 & mix$ up ) !m4 ,:at is impli$ 9 ,galilee ( ! ,g5tiles may be le>n$ f t *apt]1 :]e ev5 ! expression rev]ts 9 v]4 #ae4 ,) ext]nal dep5d5ce ^u ! ,g5tiles1 h[ev]1 ! spiritual dep5d5ce w5t h& 9 h&4 ,^! p>ts ( ! c\ntry c\ld ! less oppose any great resi/ance to ! influ5ces ( hea!ndom1 t !y 7 sep>at$1 by a consid]able di/ance1 f ! religi\s c5tre ( ! nation--! temple & metropolis1 9 :i* ! high] ,israeliti% life 0 conc5trat$4 ,a consequ5ce ( ?is deg5]acy 0 ! contempt 9 :i* ! ,galileans 7 held at ! "t ( ,*ri/1 ,john i4 #dg1 vii4 #eb2 ,matt4 xxvi4 #fi4--;,b 9 :at consi/$ ! hon\r or ! glorification :i* ,galilee1 along ) ,p]aea1 0 to obta9 9 ! aft]-"t8 ,*ap4 ix4 #e 7#f71 :]e ! deliv]ance & salvation ann\nc$ 9 ! prec$+ v]ses are connect$ ) ! p]son ( ! ,r$eem]1 %[ t we mu/ n seek = x 9 any o!r ?an t ( ! ,messianic "t4 ,our ,"l sp5t ! great] "p ( ,8 public life 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! lake ( ,g5nes>e?2 x 0 !re t ,cap]naum--,8 ord9>y resid5ce--0 situat$1 ,matt4 ix4 #a4 ,f ,galilee 7 mo/ ( ,8 disciples4 ,9 ,galilee ,he p]=m$ _m miracles2 & x 0 !re t ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel f\nd mu* entrance1 s t ev5 ! "n ( ! ,galileans pass$ ov] 9 ! fir/ c5turies to ! ,*ri/ians4 ,!odoret /rik+ly rem>ks3 ,galilee 0 ! native c\ntry ( ! holy ,apo/les2 !re ! ,pg #ge ,"l p]=m$ mo/ ( ,8 miracles2 !re ,he cleans$ ! lep]2 !re ,he gave back to ! c5turion 8 s]vant s\nd2 !re ,he remov$ ! fev] f ,pet]'s wife's "m2 !re ,he br\ght back to life ! daught] ( ,jairus :o 0 dead2 !re ,he multipli$ ! loaves2 !re ,he *ang$ ! wat] into w9e4 ,v aptly has ,ges5ius comp>$ ,micah v4 #a 7#b74 ,j z 9 t passage ! bir? ( ! ,messiah is to be = ! hon\r ( ! small1 unimportant ,be?lehem1 s "h ,galilee1 :i* hi!rto 0 cov]$ ) disgrace1 :i* 0 reproa*$ by ! ,jews1 t !re no prophet _h ev] ris51 is to be br\ght to hon\r1 & to be glorifi$ by ! appe>ance ( ! ,messiah4 ,x 0 f ! passage "u review t ! op9ion ( ! ,jews 0 d]iv$1 t ! ,messiah w\ld appe> 9 ! l& ( ,galilee4 ,comp4 ,soh>1 p4 #a4 fol4 #aai ed4 ,am/elod42 fol4 #gd ed4 ,solisbae3 ,hebrew3 b>et dglil itgli mlka mwita4 ,k+ ,messiah w reveal himself 9 ! l& ( ,galilee4 ,b we mu/ bew>e ( putt+ prophecy & fulfilm5t into a m]ely accid5tal outw>d relation1 ( *ang+ ! =m] into a m]e =etell+1 & ( suppos+1 9 ref]5ce to ! latt]1 t1 unless ! lett] ( ! prophecy _h exi/$1 ,jesus might z well h made ,judea ! exclusive sc5e ( ,8 m9i/ry4 ,bo? prophecy & hi/ory are ov]rul$ by a high] idea1 by ! tru? absolutely valid 9 ref]5ce to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,"l1 t :]e ! di/ress is greate/1 help is ne>e/4 ,if x 0 e/abli%$ t ! mis]y ( ! cov5ant-p1 bo? outw>d & spiritual1 0 especially conc5trat$ 9 ,galilee1 !n x is also sure t ,he :o 0 s5t to ! lo/ %eep ( ,israel mu/ devote ,8 pr9cipal c>e j to t "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,! prophecy is n exhau/$ by ! "o fulfilm5t2 & ! fulfilm5t is a new prophecy4 ,:]esoev] 9 ! ,*ur* we p]ceive a new ,galilee ( ! ,g5tiles1 we may1 ^u ! gr\nd ( ?is passage1 confid5tly hope t ! sav+ activity ( ! ,"l w glori\sly display itself4 ,*ap4 ix4 #a 7#b74 ,! p t walk 9 d>kness see a great light1 !y t dwell 9 ! l& ( ! %ad[ ( dea?1 ^u !m light arise?4 ,! p are ! inhabitants ( ! c\ntries m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ v]se2 b !y are n view$ 9 contra/ to1 & exclusive ( ! o!r memb]s ( ! cov5ant-p1--= ,pg #gf accord+ to *ap4 viii4 #bb1 d>kness is to cov] ! :ole ( x--b only z t portion :i* comes *iefly into consid]ation4 ,light is1 9 ! symbolical language ( ,scripture1 salvation4 ,t 9 :i* ! salvation "h consi/s _c be det]m9$ f ! words !mselves1 b mu/ foll[ f ! context4 ,x w n be possible to d5y t1 accord+ to x1 ! d>kness consi/s1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 9 ! oppression by ! ,g5tiles1 &1 h5ce1 salvation consi/s 9 ! deliv]ance f ?is oppression1 & 9 be+ rais$ to ! dom9ion ( ! _w2 & 9 v]4 #b 7#c7 ff41 we h1 inde$1 ! f>!r display+ ( ! light1 or deliv]ance4 ,b x w be z little possible to d5y t ! sad companion ( outw>d oppression by ! ,g5tile _w is ! spiritual mis]y ( ! inw>d dep5d5ce ^u x4 ,f>!r1--,x is z c]ta9 t ! elevation ( ! cov5ant-p to ! dom9ion ( ! _w _c take place all on a sudd51 & )\t any f>!r c]emony1 inasmu* z1 accord+ to a fundam5tal view ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 all outw>d deliv]ance appe>s z dep5d+ ^u conv]sion & reg5]ation4 ,?\ returne/1 s we read 9 ,deut4 xxx4 #b1 #c1 to ! ,"l ?y ,god1 & ! ,"l ?y ,god turne? to ?y captivity4 ,& 9 ! same *apt]1 v]s4 #f1 #g3 ,! ,"l ?y ,god circumcise? ?y he>t1 & !n ! ,"l ?y ,god putte? all ^! curses ^u ?9e enemies4 ,be=e ,gideon is call$ to be ! deliv]] ( ! p f ,midian1 ! ,prophet mu/ fir/ hold up _! s9 to ! p1 ,judg4 vi4 #h ff41 & ,gideon does n beg9 8 "w ) a /ruggle aga9/ ! outw>d enemies1 b mu/1 fir/ ( all1 z ,j]ubbabel1 decl>e w> aga9/ s94 ,all ! prosp]\s p]iods 9 ! p's hi/ory are1 at ! same "t1 p]iods ( spiritual revival4 ,we ne$ only ?9k ( ,david1 ,jeho%aphat1 & ,hezekiah4 ,outw>d deliv]ance always pres5ts itself 9 hi/ory z an addition only :i* is be/[$ ^u ^? seek+ aft] ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,)\t ! inw>d f\ndation1 ! be/[al ( ! outw>d bless+ w\ld be only a mock]y1 inasmu* z ! holy ,god c\ld n b imm$iately take away aga9 :at ,he _h giv54 ,b ! circum/ance t x is ! outw>d salvation1 ! deliv]ance f ! hea!n s]vitude1 ! elevation ( ! p ( ,god to ! dom9ion ( ! _w1 z 9 ,*ri/ x s glori\sly took ,pg #gg place1 :i* are "h1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 look$ at1 is easily acc\nt$ = f ! hi/orical cause ( ?is prophetic disc\rse :i*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 is direct$ aga9/ ! fe>s ( ! de/ruction ( ! k+dom ( ,god by ! _w's p[]4 ,ps4 xxiii4 #d2 ,yea1 ?\gh ,i walk ?r\gh ! valley ( ! %ad[ ( dea?1 ,i fe> no evil2 = ?\ art ) me1 ?y rod & ?y /aff !y com=t me1 mu/ s mu* ! m he consid]$ z ! fundam5tal passage ( ! v]se "u consid]ation1 t ! ,psalm1 too1 ref]s to ! :ole ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,x 0 9 ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/1 & ! salvation br\ght ?r\gh ,him1 9 ! mid/ ( ! deepe/ mis]y1 t ?is ,psalm f\nd its mo/ glori\s confirmation4--,hebrew3 clmvt1 d>kness ( dea?1 is ! d>kness :i* prevails 9 dea? or 9 ,%eol4 ,su* compositions commonly occur 9 prop] names only1 n 9 appellatives2 & h5ce1 by ! l& ( ! d>kness 7%ad[7 ( dea?1 hell is to be und]/ood4 ,b d>kness ( hell is1 by way ( a %ort5$ comp>ison1 n unfrequ5tly us$ = designat+ ! deepe/ d>kness4 ,! po9t ( comp>ison is "h furni%$ by ! fir/ memb] ( ! v]se4 ,p>allel is ,ps4 lxxxviii4 #d ff41 :]e ,israel lam5ts t ! ,"l _h ?ru/ x d[n into d>k hell4 ,! ,pret]ite t5se ( ! v]bs 9 our v]se is to be expla9$ f ! prophetical view :i* conv]ts ! ,future into ! ,pres5t4 ,h[ little soev] mod]n exegesis c realise ?is see+ by1 & 9 fai?1 & h[ mu* soev] x is ev]y:]e dispos$ to introduce ! real ,pres5t in/ead ( ! ideal1 yet ev5 ,ewald is compell$ to rem>k on ! passage "u consid]ation3 ,! ,prophet1 z if he 7 describ+ some?+ :i* 9 8 m9d he _h se5 z c]ta9 long ago1 "h repres5ts ev]y?+ 9 ! pa/1 & sc>cely makes an exception ( ?is 9 ! new />t :i* he takes 9 ! middle4 ,at ! "t :5 ! ,prophet utt]$ ?is ,prophecy1 ev5 ! d>kness /ill belong$ to ! future4 ,z yet ! _w's p[] _h n ga9$ ! asc5dancy ov] ,israel2 b "h ! light has already dispell$ ! d>kness4 ,x n[ m]ely rema9s = u to view m p>ticul>ly ! quotation ( ^! two v]ses 9 ,matt4 iv4 #ab-ag4 ,greek3 ,ak\sas de--?us ! section beg9s--,greek3 hoti ,ianns p>$o?1 ane*rs5 eis tn ,galilaian4 ,s9ce1 9 ^! words1 we are told t ,jesus1 aft] hav+ receiv$ ! intellig5ce ( ! imprisonm5t ( ,pg #gh ,john1 )drew into ,galilee1 we _c = a mom5t ?9k ( ,8 hav+ s\ght 9 ,galilee1 safety f ,h]od2 = ,galilee j belong$ to ,h]od1 & ,judea af=d$ security aga9/ him4 ,! v]b ,greek3 ana*re9 d5otes1 on ! contr>y1 ! )draw+ into ! angulus t]rae ,galilee1 z contra/$ ) ! civil & ecclesia/ical c5tre4 ,! "t ( ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/'s prea*+ 7,8 m9i/ry hi!rto _h be5 m]ely a k9d ( prelude7 0 det]m9$ by ! imprisonm5t ( ,john1 z c]ta9ly z1 accord+ to ! prophecy ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! t]ritories ( ! activity ( bo? 7 imm$iately bord]+ ^u "o ano!r1 & by t v circum/ance ! place1 too1 0 indirectly det]m9$2 = x 0 fix$ by ! prophecy "u consid]ation t ,galilee 0 to be ! sc5e ( ! *ief m9i/ry ( ,*ri/4 ,if1 !n1 ! "t = ! beg9n+ ( ! m9i/ry _h come1 ,he mu/ also dep>t into ,galilee4 ,! connection1 !re=e1 is ?is3 ,aft] he _h receiv$ ! intellig5ce ( ! imprisonm5t ( ,john--9 :i* ! call to ,him = ! beg9n+ ( ,8 m9i/ry 0 impli$--,he dep>t$ into ,galilee1 & especially to ,cap]naum1 v]s4 #ab1 #ac2 = x 0 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry :i*1 by ! prophecy1 0 fix$ z ! ma9 sc5e ( ,8 ,messianic activity1 v]s4 #ad-af4 ,x 0 !re1 !re=e1 t ,he cont9u$ ! prea*+ ( ,john1 v]4 #ag4--;,greek3 ,kai katalipn tn ,naz>et--x is said 9 v]4 #ac--;,greek3 el?n katks5 eis ,kap]na\m tn p>a?alassian1 en horiois ,zab\ln kai ,neph?aleim4 ,*ri/ _h hi!rto _h ,8 settl$ abode at ,naz>e?1 & !nce und]took ,8 w&]+s4 ,! imm$iate reason :y ,he did n rema9 !re is n /at$ by ,mat!w2 b we le>n x f ,luke & ,john4 ,9 accordance ) 8 object1 ,mat!w takes cognizance ( ?is "o circum/ance only1 t1 accord+ to ! prophecy ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ,cap]naum 0 v specially fitt$ = be+ ! resid5ce ( ,*ri/4 ,! t[n 0 situat$ on ! we/]n %ore ( ! ,lake ( ,g5nes>e?4 ,q 9 opposition to 8 cu/om else:]e1 ,mat!w describes ! situation ( ! t[n #hj m9utely1 because ?is k s]v$ to af=d a bett] insight into ! fulfilm5t ( ! prophecy ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! designation ,greek3 tn p>a?alassian /&s 9 ref]5ce to ,greek3 hodon ?alasss1 9 v]4 #ae4 ,greek3 ,en horiois1 c41 may ei!r mean3 ,9 ! bord]s ( ,zebulun & ,naphtali1 i4 e4 9 t place :]e ,pg #gi ! bord]s ( bo? ! c\ntries meet1--or ,greek3 ta horia may1 accord+ to ! analogy ( ! ,hebrew ,hebrew3 gbvli,m1 d5ote ! bord]s 9 ! s5se ( t]ritory1 z 9 ,matt4 ii4 #af4 ,f a comp>ison ( ,greek3 g ,zab\ln kai ,neph?aleim ( ! prophecy 9 v]4 #ae1 to :i* ! words /& 9 direct ref]5ce1 x foll[s t ! latt] view is ! correct "o4 ,:e!r ,cap]naum lay j on ! bord]s betwe5 ! two c\ntries 0 ( no consequ5ce to ! prophecy1 & h5ce 0 ( none to ,mat!w4--,! phrase ,greek3 h9a plr? does n1 accord+ to ! v s\nd rem>k ( ,de ,wette1 po9t to ! int5tion1 b to ! objective aim4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 is to :at ! ,greek3 h9a plr? is to be ref]r$1--:e!r m]ely to t :i* imm$iately prec$es1 viz41 ! *ange ( resid5ce f ,naz>e? to ,cap]naum1 or1 at ! same "t to ,greek3 ane*rs5 eis tn ,galilaian4 ,! latt] is alone correct4 ,! prophecy :i* ! ,evangeli/ has 9 view ref]r$ ma9ly to ,galilee1 or ! t]ritory ( ,zebulun & ,naphtali 9 g5]al2 b1 accord+ to ! express rem>k ( ! ,evangeli/1 ,naz>e? itself 0 likewise situat$ 9 ,galilee4 ,! advantage :i* ,cap]naum _h ov] x 0 ?is only1 t 9 ,cap]naum ! ,greek3 hodon ?alasss ( ! prophecy 0 f\nd aga91 & t1 !re=e1 !nce ! ,greek3 p]an t\ ,iordan\ ( ! prophecy also c\ld be bett] realiz$1 inasmu* z across ! lake !re 0 an easy communication f t place ) ! c\ntry beyond ,jordan4 ,! connection is h5ce ?is3 ,aft] ! imprisonm5t ( ! ,bapti/1 ,jesus1 9 ord] to ent] ^u ,8 m9i/ry1 w5t to ,galilee1 & especially to ,cap]naum1 :i* 0 situat$ on ! lake1 9 ord] t ?us ! prophecy ( ,isaiah z to ! glorification ( ,galilee1 & ( ! region on ! lake1 might be fulfill$4--,mat!w has abridg$ ! passage4 ,f *ap4 viii4 #bc 7ix4 #a7 he has tak5 ! designation ( ! "p ( ! c\ntry1 9 ord] t ! agreem5t ( fulfilm5t & prophecy might become visible4 ,! words f ,greek3 g--tn e?nn may ei!r be reg>d$ z a fragm5t tak5 out ( its connection1 s t !y are view$ z a quotation1 & z =m+ a p]iod by !mselves 7?is1 f a comp>ison ( ! orig9al1 seems mo/ natural72--or we may also suppose1 t ! ,evangeli/1 hav+ brok5-up ! connection ) ! prec$+1 puts ^! words into a new connection1 s t1 along ) ! ,greek3 ho laos1 :i* has become an apposition1 !y =m ,pg #hj ! subject ( ! foll[+ s5t5ce4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,greek3 hodon takes "h ! place ( ! adv]b1 al?\gh x may n be possible to adduce in/ances & pro(s altoge!r analog\s f ! ,greek usus loqu5di4--,! confid5ce ) :i* ,mat!w expla9s *ap4 viii4 #bc1 & ix4 #a ( ,*ri/ c be acc\nt$ = only f ! circum/ance t he recogniz$ ,*ri/ z ,he :o 9 *ap4 ix4 #e1 #f1 7#f1 #g7 is describ$ z ! au?or ( all ! bless+s designat$ 9 ! prec$+ v]ses4 ,x 0 !re=e altoge!r errone\s 9 ,ges5ius to ass]t t !re 0 ! less reason = hold+ ! ,messianic explanation ( *ap4 ix4 #e1 #f1 z !re 0 no te/imony ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 fav\r ( x4--,x is q obvi\s t ,mat!w does n quote ! ,old ,te/am5t prophecy 9 ref]5ce to any s+le special ev5t :i* happ5$ at ,cap]naum2 b t r ! :ole foll[+ acc\nt ( ! glori\s de$s ( ,*ri/ 9 ,galilee1 z well z 9 ,p]aea1 d[n to *ap4 xix4 #a1 s]ves to m>k ! fulfilm5t ( ?is ,old ,te/am5t prophecy1 & is subs]vi5t to ?is quotation4 ,?is passage ( ,mat!w expla9s ! reason1 :y x is t he1 & ,luke & ,m>k :o closely foll[ him1 report h5ce=?1 until ! la/ j\rney ( ,jesus to ,j]usalem1 exclusively facts :i* happ5$ 9 ,galilee1 & 9 ,p]aea1 :i* likewise 0 m5tion$ by ,isaiah4 ,! circum/ance t ?is fact1 :i* is s obvi\s1 0 n p]ceiv$1 has call$ =? a numb] ( mis]able conjectures1 & has ev5 l$ "s int]pret]s to assail ! cr$ibility ( ! ,gospel4 ,to ,mat!w1 :o wi%$ to %[ t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/1 ! ,messiah promis$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! int]e/ mu/1 9 ! view ( ! prophecy "u consid]ation1 be necess>ily conc5trat$ ^u ,galilee2 & ,m>k & ,luke foll[$ him 9 ?is1 p]ceiv+ t x 0 n becom+ to !m to op5 up a pa? altoge!r new4 ,?is 0 res]v$ to ! second ,apo/le f among ! ,evangeli/s4 ,v]4 #b 7#c74 ,?\ multiplie/ ! nation to :i* ?\ did/ n increase ! joy2 !y joy be=e !e l ! joy 9 h>ve/1 & z !y rejoice :5 !y divide ! spoil4 ,! ,prophet beholds ! joy ( ! ,messianic "t z pres5t2 he beholds ! cov5ant-p num]\s1 free f all mis]y1 & full ( joy2 full ( delight he turns to ! ,"l1 & praises ,him = :at ,he has done to ,8 p4--,"o ,pg #ha ( ! privileges ( ! p ( ,god is ! increase :i* at all times takes place aft] !y are sift$ & ?9n$ by judgm5ts4 ,?us1 e4g41 x happ5$ at ! "t aft] _! return f ! captivity1 comp4 ,ps4 cvii4 #ch1 #ci3 ,& ,he blesse? !m1 & !y are multipli$ greatly1 & ,he suff]e? n _! cattle to decrease4 ,!y :o 7 m9i%$ & br\ght l[ ?r\gh affliction1 oppression1 & sorr[4 ,b ?is increase took place mo/ glori\sly at ! "t ( ,*ri/1 :5 a num]\s multitude ( adopt$ sons f among ! ,g5tiles 7 receiv$ into ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 & ?us ! promise to ,abraham3 ,i w make ( !e a great nation 7,hebrew3 gvi z 9 ! passage be=e u1 & n ,hebrew3 e,m71 receiv$ its f9al fulfilm5t4 ,f ! argum5ts :i* we advanc$ 9 ,vol4 i4 on ,hosea ii4 #a1 x appe>s t ! increase :i* ! ,*ur* receiv$ by ! reception ( ! ,g5tiles is1 accord+ to ! biblical view1 to be consid]$ z an increase ( ! p ( ,israel4 ,! fundam5tal ?\ght ( ,ps4 lxxxvii4 is3 ,zion ! bir?-place ( ! nations2 by ! new bir? ! ,g5tiles are receiv$ 9 ,israel4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! ,g5tiles %[ _! anxiety to be receiv$ 9 ,israel is describ$ by ,isaiah 9 *ap4 xliv4 #e4 ,! comm5t>y on ! words3 ,?\ multiplie/ ! nation1 is furni%$ to u by *ap4 liv4 #a ff41 :]e1 9 imm$iate connection ) ! prophecy reg>d+ ! ,s]vant ( ,god :o be>s ! s9 ( ! _w1 x is said3 ,s+1 ,o b>r51 ?\ t did/ n be>1 break =? into s++1 & %\t ?\ t did/ n travail ) *ild2 = m are ! *ildr5 ( ! desolate ?an ! *ildr5 ( ! m>ri$ wife1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,comp4 also *ap4 lxvi4 #g-i1 & ,ezek4 xxxvii4 #be1 #bf3 ,& my s]vant ,david %all be _! pr9ce = ev]4 ,& ,i make a cov5ant ) !m & multiply !m4 ,sev]al int]pret]s1 e4 g4 ,calv91 ,vitr+a1 suppose t ! ,prophet 9 ?is v]se 7& s likewise 9 ! two foll[+ v]ses7 speaks1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ( a ne>] prosp]ity1 ( ! rapid increase ( ! p aft] ! ,babyloni% captivity4 ,vitr+a directs att5tion to ! fact1 t ! ,jewi% p aft] ! captivity did n only fill ,judea1 b spread also 9 ,egypt1 ,syria1 ,mesopotamia1 ,asia ,m9or1 ,greece1 & ,italy4 ,& surely we _c d5y t 9 ?is increase1 no less ?an 9 ! new fl\ri%+ ( ! p aft] ! defeat ( ,s5na*]ib also1 !re is a prelude to ! real fulfilm5t2 ,pg #hb & t s mu* ! m t ^! precursory increases1 happ5+1 z !y did1 regul>ly aft] ! decreases1 7 be/[$ ^u ! cov5ant-p ) a view to ! future appe>ance ( ,*ri/4 ,^! increases ent] into a /ill clos] relation to ! prophecy "u consid]ation1 if we keep 9 m9d t 9 *ap4 vii4 ! ,prophet anticipates 9 _s ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/1 & t x is ) ?is repres5tation t1 9 ! ,section be=e u1 *ap4 viii4 #h1 #aj are connect$4 ,9 ord] to refute ! explanation ( ,umbriet3 ,?\ ha/ multipli$ ! hea!n1 & !reby ?\ ha/ remov$ all joy2 b n[1 c41 x w be q suffici5t to ref] to ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 xxvi4 #ae3 ,?\ increase/ ! p1 ,o ,"l1 ?\ art glorifi$1 ?\ remove/ all ! b\nd>ies ( ! l&1 :]e1 j z 9 ! v]se be=e u1 by ,hebrew3 hgvi ! p1 ,israel is designat$2 & t is frequ5tly ! case :]e ! notion ( ! multitude1 ! mass only is conc]n$1 comp4 ,g54 xii4 #b4--,?\ did/ n increase ! joy /&s =3 to :om ?\ =m]ly did/ n increase ! joy1 to :om ?\ gave/ b little joy1 ^u :om ?\ inflict$/ sev]e suff]+s4 ,! anti!sis is q ! same z 9 *ap4 viii4 #bc 7ix4 #a71 :]e ! =m] di/ress is contra/$ ) ! light :i* is n[ to %9e ^u !m1 ! =m] disgrace ) ! lat] glory2 & 9 ! same mann] 9 *ap4 ix4 #a 7#b71 :]e ! pres5t light is r5d]$ bright] by be+ contra/$ ) ! =m] d>kness4 ,! contra/ ( ! pres5t increase ) ! =m] abs5ce ( joys %[s t ! joy is to be view$ z be+ connect$ ) ! increase1 & t if =m]ly ! joy 0 less1 ! reason ( x 0 *iefly 9 ! decrease4 ,ps4 cvii4 #ch1 #ci1 #da1 %ews h[ affliction & decrease1 joy & increase1 g h& 9 h&2 f>!r1 ,j]em4 xxx4 #ai3 ,& out ( !m proce$ ?anksgiv+s1 & ! voice ( ! m]ry ones2 & ,i multiply !m1 & !y d n decrease2 & ,i hon\r !m1 & !y are n small4 ,! decrease is a s+le symptom only ( a depress$1 joyless condition1 :i* ev]y:]e 9 ! k+dom ( ,god %all be br\ght to an end by ,*ri/4 ,mo/ ( ! anci5t translators 7,,lxx41 ,*ald41 ,syr47 foll[ ! m>g9al read+ ,hebrew3 lv1 to him ha/ ?\ increas$ ! joy4 ,accord+ to _m mod]n int]pret]s1 ,hebrew3 la is suppos$ to be a diff]5t mode ( writ+ = ,hebrew3 lv4 ,b no pro( t c\ld /& ! te/ c be br\ght =w>d = ,pg #hc su* a mode ( writ+2 nor is !re any reason = suppos+ t ,hebrew3 la /&s "h 9 a diff]5t s5se f :at x does 9 *ap4 viii4 #bc1 & x w\ld inde$ be /range t ,hebrew3 lv %\ld h be5 plac$ be=e ! v]b4 ,at mo/1 x might be suppos$ t ! ,prophet int5d$ an ambigu\s & d\ble s5se3 n_/7to him7 did/ ?\ increase ! joy4 ,b altoge!r ap>t f su* an ambigu\s & d\ble s5se1 beh9d ! negative1 at all ev5ts1 ! positive is conceal$2 ?\ multiplie/ ! p1 & increase/ to !m ! joy1 ?\ :o =m]ly did/ decrease _! joy1 c42 & x is to ?is positive t ! words ref] :i*1 9 ,luke ii4 #aj1 ! angels address to ! %eph]ds3 ,greek3 m phobei/he1 id\ g> euangelizomai hum9 *>an megaln htis e/ai panti t la hoti ete*? hum9 sm]on str1 hos e/i ,*ri/os ,kurios2 comp4 ,mat?4 ii4 #aj4--;,9 ! foll[+ words1 ! ,prophet expresses1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! nature ( ! joy1 !n its greatness4 ,! joy ov] ! bless+s receiv$ is a joy be=e ,god1 "u a s5se ( ,8 imm$iate pres5ce4 ,! expression is borr[$ f ! sacrificial fea/s 9 ! c\rts be=e ! sanctu>y1 at :i* ! p>tak]s rejoic$ be=e ! ,"l1 ,deut4 xii4 #g1 #ab1 #ah1 xiv4 #bf4 ,9 ,immanuel1 ,god ) 8 bless+s & gifts has truly ent]$ into ! mid/ ( ,8 p4 ,) ! joy at ! divid+ ( ! spoil1 ! joy is comp>$ only to %[ its greatness1 j z ) ! joy 9 ! h>ve/2 & x is 9 va9 t ,knobel tries "h to br+ 9 a divid+ ( spoil4 ,v]s4 #c1 7#d74 ,= ! yoke ( 8 burd5 & ! /aff ( 8 neck1 ! rod ( 8 driv] ?\ ha/ brok5 z 9 ! day ( ,midian4 ,9 ?is v]se1 ! reason ( ! p's joy ann\nc$ 9 ! prec$+ v]se is /at$3 x is ! deliv]ance f ! _w's p[]1 "u ! oppression ( :i* !y groan$1 or1 9 po9t ( fact1 7 to groan4 ,he :o imposes ! yoke & ! /aff1 ! driv]1 7an allusion to ! ,egyptian taskma/]s1 ma/]s1 comp4 ,exod4 iii4 #g2 v4 #aj71 is ,as%ur1 & ! :ole _w's p[] ho/ile to ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 :i* is repres5t$ by him1 & :i* by ,*ri/ 0 to receive1 & has receiv$1 a mortal bl[4 ,a prelude to ! fulfilm5t took place by ! defeat ( ,s5na*]ib "u ,hezekiah1 comp4 *ap4 x4 #e1 #bd1 #bg2 xiv4 #be4 ,aft] him4 ,babel _h to exp]i5ce ,pg #hd ! de/ructive p[] ( ! ,"l1 ! s+le phases ( :i*1 p]vad+1 z !y d1 all hi/ory1 are "h compreh5d$ 9 "o great act4 ,al?\gh ! def9itive fulfilm5t beg9s fir/ ) ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/ 9 ! fle%1 :o spoke to ,8 p3 ,greek3 ?>seite1 eg n5ikka ton kosmon1 yet aft] :at we rem>k$ on v]4 #b1 we are fully entitl$ to consid] ! =m] cata/rophes also ( ! k+doms ( ! _w z preludes to ! real fulfilm5t4--,hebrew3 wk,m %\ld] does n suit z ! membrum cui v]b]a infliguntur2 x comes1 z is commonly ! case1 into consid]ation z t memb] ) :i* burd5s are borne4 ,! /aff or tyranny is a heavy burd51 comp4 *ap4 x4 #bg3 ,8 burd5 %all be tak5 away f (f ?y %\ld]4 ,z 9 ! day ( ,midian is equival5t to3 z ?\ once did/ break ! yoke ( ,midian4 ,?is ev5t 0 especially fitt$ to s]ve z a type ( ! glori\s future victory ov] ! _w's p[]1 p>tly because ! oppression by ,midian 0 v h>d1--accord+ to ,judges vii4 #ab1 ,midian1 ,amalek1 & ! sons ( ! ,ea/ broke 9 ^u ! l& l gras%opp]s = multitude1 & _! camels 7 )\t numb]1 z ! s& by ! seaside = multitude--p>tly because ! help ( ! ,"l 7?\ ha/ brok57 0 at t "t specially visible4 ,i w be ) !e1 says ! ,"l to ,gideon 9 ,judges vi4 #af1 & ?\ %alt smite ! ,midianites z "o man2 & ,judges vii4 #b3 ,! p t are ) !e are too _m1 z t ,i c\ld give ! ,midianites into _! h&s1 le/ ,israel vaunt !mselves aga9/ me1 say+3 ,m9e own h& ha? sav$ me4 ,v]s4 #d1 7#e74 ,= e w>-%oe put on ) noise1 & ! g>m5t roll$ 9 blood3 x is = burn+1 food ( fire4 ,we h "h ! reason :y ! tyranny is brok53 = ! enemies ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god %all entirely & = ev] be r5d]$ incapable ( c>ry+ on w>f>e4 ,if ! noisy w>-%oes1 & _! blood-/a9$ g>m5ts are to be burn$1 !y !mselves mu/1 ( c\rse1 h be5 previ\sly de/roy$4 ,b1 if t be ! case1 !n all w> & tyranny are come to an end1 = ! dead d n live1 & ! %ades d n rise1 *ap4 xxvi4 #ad4 ,! p>allel passages1 ,ps4 xlvi4 #aj1 & ,ezek4 xxxix4 #i1 #aj1 d n p]mit u to d\bt t ! burn+ ( ! w>-%oes & ( ! bloody g>m5ts come into consid]ation "h z a consequ5ce ( ! de/ruction ( ,pg #he ! conqu]ors4 ,nor c we1 accord+ to ^! passages1 ent]ta91 = a mom5t1 ! idea ( ,mei]1 t ^? bloody g>m5ts belong to ,israel4 ,v]s4 #e 7#f74 ,= unto u a *ild is horn1 unto u a son is giv51 & ! gov]nm5t is ^u 8 %\ld]s1 & 8 "n %all be call$ ,wond]-,c\nsellor1 ,god-,h]o1 ,ev]-,fa!r1 ,pr9ce ( ,peace4 ,! ,prophet _h hi!rto spok5 only ( ! salvation :i* is to spread f ,galilee ov] ! re/ ( ! c\ntry2 x is fir/ "h t its au?or1 9 all ,8 sublime glory1 comes be=e him2 &1 hav+ come to him1 ! prophecy rises to exalt$ feel+s ( joy4 ,9 *ap4 vii4 #ad1 ! ,prophet beholds ! ,savi\r z be+ already born2 h5ce ! ,pret]ites ,hebrew3 ild & ,hebrew3 nt,n4 ,if any "o %\ld imag9e t f ! use ( ^! ,pret]ites he 7 entitl$ to inf] t ! subject ( ! prophecy mu/1 at t "t1 already h be5 born1 he mu/ also1 on acc\nt ( ! ,pret]ites 9 v]s4 #a 7#b7 suppose t ! ann\nc$ salvation _h at t "t be5 already be/[$ ^u ,israel1--:i* no int]pret] does4 ,hitzig correctly rem>ks3 ,because ,he is /ill future1 ! ,prophet 9 ,8 fir/ appe>ance1 beholds ,him z a *ild1 & z ! son ( ano!r4 ,^: son ,he is we are n told2 b x is suppos$ to be already kn[n4 ,ev] s9ce ! revelation 9 #b ,sam4 vii41 ! ,messiah c\ld be conceiv$ ( z ! ,son ( ,david only2 comp>e ! words3 ,^u ! ?rone ( ,david 9 v]s4 #f 7#g71 & *ap4 xi4 #a1 lv4 #c4 ,z ! ,son ( ,god ! ,savi\r appe>s z e>ly z 9 ,ps4 ii42 & x is to t ,psalm t ! ,god-,h]o alludes1 & connects itself4 ,allud+ to ! passage be=e u1 we read 9 ,john iii4 #af3 ,greek3 h\t g> gaps5 ho !os ton kosmon 7,! zeal ( ! ,"l ( ho/s w p]=m ?is17 v]s4 #f #g1 ,greek3 h/e ton huion aut\ ton monog5 edk54--,:5 gr[n up1 ! ,son has ! gov]nm5t ^u ,8 %\ld]4 ,! ,prophet contra/s ,*ri/ ) ! _w's p[]1 :i* ?reat5$ de/ruction to ! p ( ,god4 ,?is1 !n1 ref]s to ! ,k+ly (fice ( ,*ri/1 & ! /ate ( glory4 ,p>allel is ! decl>ation ( ,*ri/ 9 ,matt4 xxviii4 #ah1 ,greek3 edo? moi pasa ex\sia4 ,! ,"l has also1 9 ,john xviii4 #cg1 confirm$ ! tru? t ,he is ,k+2 & x is ^u ! gr\nd ( ,8 own decl>ation t ,pilate designates ,him ^u ! cross z a ,k+4 ,al?\gh ,8 ,k+dom is n ( ,pg #hf ?is _w1 ,john xviii4 #cf1 x is1 j = t v reason1 s mu* ! m all-gov]n+4 ,! ,greek3 enteu!n 9 t passage is contra/$ ) ! words f heav5 9 ,dan4 ii41 by :i*1 9 t passage1 its absolute sup]iority ov] all ! k+doms ( ! _w1 & its cru%+ p[] are decl>$ to be indissolubly connect$4--,! %\ld] comes1 "h also1 z 9 v]s4 #c 7#d71 *ap4 x4 #bg1 into consid]ation 9 s f> z on x we be>2 comp4 ,g54 xlix4 #ae2 ,ps4 lxxxi4 #g4 ,! be>] ( an (fice has x1 z x 71 on 8 %\ld]s4--,! ,jewi% int]pret]s1 despair+ ( be+ able1 ) any appe>ance ( tru?1 to apply ! foll[+ attributes to ,hezekiah1 insi/ t1 ) ! exception ( ! la/1 !y d5ote ,him :o calls1 n ,him :o is call$3 ! ,wond]ful1 c41 call$ him ,pr9ce ( peace4 ,altoge!r ap>t f ! consid]ation t ?is is 9 opposition to ! acc5ts1 ! m5tion+ ( s _m names ( ,jehovah is "h q unsuitable2 &1 9 all o!r passages1 ! n\n put aft] ,hebrew3 wmv qra designates always him :o is call$4 ,mod]n ,exegesis has tri$ ev]y?+ ) a view to deprive ! names ( _! deep mean+1 9 ord] to adapt !m to a ,messiah 9 ! ord9>y ,jewi% s5se1 h5ce1 to d t ( :i* ! ,jews !mselves _h already despair$4 ,b1 9 do+ s1 !y h consid]$ ! names too mu* by !mselves1 ov]look+ ! circum/ance t ! full & deep] mean+ ( ! individual attributes1 z x at fir/ sight pres5ts itself1 mu/1 9 ! connection 9 :i* !y "h occur1 be s mu* ! r held fa/4 ,! names are complet$ 9 ! numb] f\r1--! m>k ( t :i* is complete & f9i%$4 ,!y =m two pairs1 & e s+le "n is aga9 comp\nd$ ( two names4 ,! fir/ "n is ,hebrew3 pla ive,c4 ,t ^! two words mu/ be connect$ ) "o ano!r 7,!odor4--,greek3 ?auma/s b\leun7 appe>s f ! analogy ( ! o!r names1 especially ( ,hebrew3 al gbvr ) :om ,hebrew3 pla ive,c =ms "o pair2 & !n f ! circum/ance t ,hebrew3 ive,c alone w\ld1 9 ?is connection1 be too indef9ite4 ,! words d n /& 9 ! relation ( ! ,/atus con/ructus1 b are connect$ 9 ! same mann] z ,hebrew3 pra ad,m 9 ,g54 xvi4 #ab4 ,hebrew3 ive,c designates ! attribute :i* is "h conc]n$1 :ile ,hebrew3 pla po9ts out ! sup]natural1 sup]human degree 9 :i* ! ,k+ possesses ?is attribute1 & ! inf9ite ri*es ( consolation & help :i* are to be f\nd 9 su* ,pg #hg a ,k+4 ,z a ,c\nsellor1 ,he is a ,wond]1 absolutely elevate d above ev]y?+ :i* ! e>? possesses 9 excell5cy ( c\nsell+4 ,z ,hebrew3 pla commonly d5otes wond] 9 ! /ricte/ s5se 7comp4 *ap4 xxv4 #a3 ,i w exalt !e1 ,i w praise ?y "n1 = ?\ ha/ done wond]s1 ,ps4 lxxvii4 #ae3 ,?\ art ! ,god t doe/ wond]s2 ,exod4 xv4 #aa72 z x "h /&s 9 p>allelism ) ,hebrew3 al ,god2 z ! :ole context dem&s t we %\ld take ! words 9 _! full mean+2--we c consid] x only z an arbitr>y weak5+ ( ! s5se1 t sev]al int]pret]s expla9 ,hebrew3 pla ive,c extraord9>y ,c\nsellor4 ,p>allel is ,judges xiii4 #ah :]e ! ,angel ( ! ,"l1 aft] hav+ ann\nc$ ! bir? ( ,samson1 says3 ,:y aske/ ?\ ?us aft] my "n8--x is wond]ful1 ,hebrew3 plai1 i4e41 my :ole nature is wond]ful1 ( unfa?omable dep?1 & _c1 !re=e1 be express$ by any human "n4 ,f>!r--,revel4 xix4 #ab is to be comp>$1 :]e ,*ri/ has a "n writt5 t no man kn[s b ,he himself1 to intimate ! immeasurable glory ( ,8 nature4 ,t :i* is "h1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 said ( a s+le attribute ( ! ,k+1 applies1 at ! same "t1 to all o!rs1 holds true ( ,8 :ole nature2 ! ,k+ is a ,wond] z a ,c\nsellor1 because ,8 :ole p]son is wond]ful4 ,a pro(1 bo? ( ! connection ( ! two words1 & aga9/ ! weak5+ ( ! s5se1 is af=d$ by ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 xxviii4 #bi1 :]e x is said ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god ,hebrew3 hplia e*1 ,he %[s himself wond]ful 9 ,8 c\nsel4--,! second "n is ,hebrew3 al gbvr ,god-,h]o4 ,besides ! ability ( giv+ good c\nsel1 a good gov]nm5t requires also ,hebrew3 gbvrh /r5g?1 h]oic p[]3 comp4 *ap4 xi4 #b1 accord+ to :i* ! _s ( c\nsel & /r5g? re/ ^u ! ,messiah4 ,:at may n be expect$ f a ,k+ :o n only1 l a ,david 9 a high] degree1 possesses ! greate/ human measure ( h]oic /r5g?1 b :o is also a ,god-,h]o1 & a ,h]o-,god1 s t ) ,8 appe>ance !re disappe>s completely ! contra/ ( ! invisible ,head ( ! p ( ,god1 & ( ,8 visible sub/itute1--a contra/ :i* s (t5 manife/$ itself1 to ! great grief ( ! cov5ant-p8 ,! ,god-,h]o =ms ! contra/ to a human h]o ^: h]oic might is1 aft] all1 always limit$1 ,hebrew3 al gbvr c signify ,god-,h]o only1 a ,h]o :o is inf9itely exalt$ above all human h]oes ,pg #hh by ! circum/ance t ,he is ,god4 ,to ! attempts at weak5+ ! import ( ! "n1 *ap4 x4 #ba1 :]e ,hebrew3 al gbvr is said ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 appe>s a v inconv5i5t ob/acle1--a p>allel passage :i* does n occur by *ance1 b :]e ,hebrew3 w> iwvb /&s ) an int5tional ref]5ce to *ap4 vii43 ,! remnant %all return1 ! remnant ( ,jacob1 unto ! ,h]o-,god1 :o is furni%$ ) inv9cible /r5g? = ,8 p2 comp4 ,ps4 xxiv4 #h3 ,! ,"l /rong & a h]o1 ! ,"l a h]o ( w>4 ,! old] ,rationali/ic exposition endeav\r$ to set aside ! deity ( ! ,messiah by ! explanation3 /rong h]o4 ,s also did ,ges5ius4 ,?is explanation1 aga9/ :i* *ap4 x4 #ba %\ld h w>n$1 has be5 = ev] set aside by ! rem>k ( ,hitzig3 ,commonly1 9 opposition to all ! usus loqu5di1 ! ^w is translat$ by3 /rong h]o4 ,b ,hebrew3 al is always1 ev5 9 passages su* z ,g54 xxxi4 #bi1 ,god1 & 9 all ^? passages :i* are adduc$ to prove t x means pr9ceps1 pot5s1 ! =ms are to be d]iv$ n f ,hebrew3 al1 b f ,hebrew3 ail1 :i* prop]ly means 'ram1'!n 'lead]1''pr9ce4' ,by ?is explanation1 especially ! passage ,ezek4 xxxii4 #ba1 :i* _h =m]ly be5 appeal$ to 9 support ( ! translation /rong h]o1 is set aside2 = ! ,hebrew3 ali gbvri,m ( t passage are rams ( h]oes4 ,rationali/ic int]pret]s n[ diff] 9 _! attempts at gett+ rid ( ! tr\blesome fact4 ,hitzig says1 ,/rong ,god--he errone\sly views ,hebrew3 gbvr1 :i* always means h]o1 z an adjective--! future deliv]] is call$ by ! ori5tal n /rictly sep>at+ ! ,div9e & human1 & ,he is call$ s by way ( exagg]ation1 9 s f> z ,he possesses div9e qualities4 ,a l op9ion is express$ by ,knobel3 ,/rong ,god ! ,messiah is call$1 because 9 ! w>s ) ! ,g5tiles ,he w prove himself z a h]o equipp$ ) div9e /r5g?4 ,! expression proves a div9e nature z little z :5 9 ,ps4 lxxxii4 #a-f1 comp4 ,john x4 #cd1 #ce1 k+s are1 9 g5]al1 call$ ,hebrew3 alhi,m1 gods1 ,l ,god1 to be comp>$ to ,him1 a wor?y repres5tative ( ,him1 & h5ce1 likewise1 call$ ,god4 ,x is true t !re is "o ,hebrew3 al gbvr only1 & t1 accord+ to *ap4 x4 #ba1 ! ,messiah _c be ,hebrew3 al gbvr beside ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 except+ by p>tak+ 9 8 nature4 ,su* a p>ticipation 9 ! nature1 n ,8 be+ m]ely fill$ ) ! p[] ( ,pg #hi ,god1 is absolutely requir$ to expla9 ! expression4 ,x is true t 9 ! ,law ( ,moses all ^? :o h to comm& or to judge1 all ^? to :om1 = "s reason or o!r1 respect or rev]5ce is due1 are consecrat$ z ! repres5tatives ( ,god on e>?2 e4g41 a c\rt ( ju/ice is ( ,god1 & he :o appe>s be=e x appe>s be=e ,god4 ,b ! "n ,elohim is !re giv5 9 g5]al only to ! judicial c\rt1 :i* repres5ts ,god--to ! (fice1 n to ! s+le individuals :o are inve/$ ) x4 ,9 ,ps4 lxxxii4 #a1 ! "n ,elohim 9 ! expression3 ,he judge? among ! gods is giv5 to ! s+le1 judg+ individual2 comp4 also v]4 #f2 b ?is passage =ms an isolat$ exception4 ,to expla91 f x1 ! passage be=e u is inadmissible1 ev5 f *ap4 x4 #ba1 :]e ,hebrew3 al gbvr /&s 9 its fulle/ s5se4 ,x mu/ n be ov]look$ t t passage 9 ,ps4 lxxxii4 belongs to high] poetry2 t ! au?or himself !re mitigates 9 v]4 #f1 9 ! p>allel memb]1 ! /r5g? ( ! expression3 ,i h said ye are ,elohim1 & sons ( ! ,mo/ ,high ye all2 &1 f9ally1 t !re ,elohim is us$ z ! mo/ vague & g5]al "n ( ,god1 :ile "h ,el1 a p]sonal "n1 is us$4 ,h5dew]k1 ,ewald1 & o!rs1 f9ally1 expla9 ,god's h]o1 i4e41 a div9e h]o1 :o1 l an inv9cible ,god1 fights & conqu]s4 ,b 9 opposition to ?is view1 x has be5 rem>k$ by ,mei] t !n necess>ily ! words ought to run1 ,hebrew3 gbvr al4 ,x is f>!r obvi\s t by ?is explanation ! ,hebrew3 gbvr al "h is1 9 a mann] n to be admitt$1 disconnect$ & sev]$ f ^? passages :]e x occurs z an attribute ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god2 comp4 besides *ap4 x4 #ba2 ,deut4 x4 #ag2 ,j]4 xxxii4 #ah4 ,! ?ird "n is ,fa!r ( et]nity4 ,t admits ( a d\ble explanation4 ,sev]al int]pret]s ref] to ! ,arabic usus loqu5di1 accord+ to :i* he is call$ ! fa!r ( a ?+ :o possesses x2 e4g41 ,fa!r ( m]cy1 i4e41 ! m]ciful "o4 ,?is usus loqu5di1 accord+ to ! supposition =m]ly v curr5t1 occurs 9 ,hebrew v frequ5tly1 especially 9 prop] names1 e4g41 ,hebrew3 ,tvb abi4 ,fa!r ( goodness1 i4e41 ! good "o4 ,accord+ to ?is view4 ,fa!r ( et]nity w\ld be equival5t to ,et]nal "o4 ,accord+ to ! op9ion ( o!rs4 ,fa!r ( et]nity is he :o w ev] be a ,fa!r1 an affectionate provid]1 comp4 *ap4 xxii4 #ba1 :]e ,eliakim ,pg #ij is call$ ,fa!r to ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem2 ,job xxix4 #af2 ,ps4 lxviii4 #f4 ,lu!r1 too1 ?us expla9s3 ,:o at all times fe$s ,8 ,k+dom & ,*ur*1 9 :om !re is a fa!rly love )\t end4 ,! latt] view is to be pref]r$ unconditionally4 ,aga9/ ! =m] view is ! circum/ance t all ! o!r names /& 9 direct ref]5ce to ! salvation ( ! cov5ant-p1 :ile1 9 ! m]e et]nity1 ?is ref]5ce w\ld n di/9ctly en\gh appe>4 ,& x has f>!r be5 rightly rem>k$ by ,ewald1 t t usus loqu5di 9 ,arabic always belongs to ! artificial1 (t5 to jocul> disc\rse4 ,:e!r x occur 9 ,hebrew at all is /ill a matt] ( controv]sy2 ,ewald1 #bg1 d5ies t x occurs 9 prop] names also4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! pat]nal love1 ! ri* k9dness & m]cy1 exce$+ly well suit ! fir/ two names :i* indicate unfa?omable wisdom1 & div9e h]oic /r5g?4 ,! rationali/ic int]pret]s lab\r v h>d to weak5 ! idea ( et]nity4 ,b ! ,provid] = life agrees v ill ) ! ,wond]-,c\nsellor1 & ! ,god-h]o4 ,! absolute et]nity ( ! ,messiah's dom9ion is1 on ! f\ndation ( #b ,sam4 vii41 mo/ emphatically decl>$ 9 o!r passages also 7comp4 vol4 i41 p4 #acb1 #acc71 & meets u "h aga9 imm$iately 9 ! foll[+ v]se4 ,! "n ,ev]-,fa!r1 too1 leads u to div9e ,maje/y1 comp4 *ap4 xlv4 #ag3 ,israel is sav$ by ! ,"l ) an ev]la/+ salvation2 ye %all n be a%am$ nor conf\nd$ 9 all et]nity *ap4 lvii4 #ae1 :]e ,god is call$ ,hebrew3 wk,n ed ! ev] dwell+2 f>!r1 ,ps4 lxviii4 #f3 ,a ,fa!r ( ! fa!rless1 & a judge ( ! wid[s is ,god 9 ,8 holy habitation1 :]e ! provid5ce ( ,god = ! p]sonae mis]abiles is prais$ ) a special ref]5ce to t :i* ,he does = ,8 poor p4--,hitzig's explanation3 ,fa!r ( prey1 does n suit ! prophetic /yle1 & has1 9 g5]al1 no analogy f ,hebrew to adduce 9 its fav\r4 ,! circum/ance t1 9 ! v]se imm$iately foll[+1 ! et]nity ( ! gov]nm5t is m5tion$1 %[s t ,hebrew3 ed mu/ be tak5 9 its ord9>y signification et]nity4 ,! f\r? "n1 ,pr9ce ( peace1 /&s purposely at ! end1 & is to be consid]$ z /rongly emphatic4 ,w>1 ho/ile oppression1 ! di/ress ( ! s]vitude :i* ?reat5s ! p ( ,god1--^! are ! ?+s :i*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ,pg #ia h direct$ ! ,prophet's eye to ! ,messiah4 ,! "n po9ts back to ,solomon :o typifi$ ,*ri/'s dom9ion ( peace1 & :o himself1 9 ! ,song ( ,solomon1 transf]s 8 "n to ,*ri/ 7comp4 my ,comm5t4 ,s4 #a ff472 !n to ! ,%iloh1 ,g54 xlix4 #aj 7comp4 vol4 i1 #hd1 #he74 ,we %\ld misund]/& ! "n 7 we to inf] f x t1 9 ! ,messianic "t1 all w> %\ld cease4 ,7 su* to be ! case1 :y is x t1 imm$iately be=e1 ! ,r$eem] is designat$ z ,god-,h]o8 ,peace is ! aim2 x is (f]$ to all ! nations 9 ,*ri/2 b ^? :o reject x1 :o rise up aga9/ ,8 ,k+dom1 ,he ?r[s d[n1 z ! ,god-,h]o1 ) a p[]ful h&1 & obta9s by =ce peace = ,8 p4 ,b w>1 z f> z x takes place1 is c>ri$ on 9 a =m diff]5t f t :i* exi/$ "u ! ,old disp5sation4 ,accord+ to ,micah v4 #i 7#aj71 ff41 ! ,"l makes ,8 p outw>dly def5celess1 be=e !y become 9 ,*ri/ _w-conqu]+2 comp4 vol4 i41 p4 #eae4 ,accord+ to *ap4 xi4 #d1 ,*ri/ smite? ! e>? ) ! rod ( ,8 m\?1 & ) ! brea? ( ,8 lips ,he slaye? ! wick$4 ,v]4 #f 7#g47 ,to ! increase ( ! gov]nm5t & to ! peace1 !re is no end1 ^u ! ?rone ( ,david & ov] 8 k+dom1 s t he e/abli%e? x1 & supporte? x by ju/ice & righte\sness1 f h5ce=? ev5 = ev]4 ,! zeal ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s %all p]=m ?is4 ,!re is no reason = connect+ ?is v]se ) ! prec$+ "o2 9 :i* case ! s5se w\ld be3 ,= ! increase ( gov]nm5t & = peace )\t end4 ,= *ap4 ii4 #g2 ,nah4 ii4 #aj2 ,job4 xvi4 #c--;9 :i* ,hebrew3 l ) ,hebrew3 q,c occurs 9 ! v same s5se--cle>ly %[ t ! ,hebrew3 l 9 ,hebrew3 lwlv,m & ,hebrew3 lmrbh may v well be und]/ood z a m]e sign ( ! ,dative4 ,& ! objection t ! foll[+ ,hebrew3 lhki,n1 c4 w\ld1 9 t case1 be unsuitable1 is remov$ if x be expla9$3 s t ,he e/abli%e?1 c41 or3 by ,8 e/abli%+1 c42 comp4 ,ewald1 ,lehrbu* d] ,hebr4 ,spra*e #bhj d4 ,! words designate ! basis on :i* ! increase ( gov]nm5t & ! peace re/4 ,! ,k+dom ( ,god w1 ?r\gh ! ,r$eem]1 acquire an ev] increas+ ext5t1 &1 along ) x1 p]fect peace %all be enjoy$ by ! _w4 ,= x is n by rude =ce t ?is k+dom is to be f\nd$ & e/abli%$1 z is ! case ) worldly k+doms1 9 :i* increase ( ,pg #ib gov]nm5t & peace1 f> f be+ always connect$1 are1 on ! contr>y1 irreconcilable oppon5ts1 b by ju/ice & righte\sness4 ,p>allel is ,ps4 lxvii4 ,9 v]s4 #aa-ae ( t ,psalm1 ! ,psalmi/ j po9ts to t by :i* all nations & k+s are induc$ to d homage to t k+2 x is j t :i*1 9 ! :ole ,psalm1 appe>s z ! root ( ev]y?+ else1 viz41 ! absolute ju/ice ( ! k+4 ,decrease ( gov]nm5t & w> )\t end 71 mean:ile1 9 prospect1 & !y 7 s1 because ^? :o 7 sitt+ on ! ?rone ( ,david did n support 8 k+dom by ju/ice & righte\sness4 ,b ! ,psalmi/ intimates to ! trembl+ m9ds t su* is n ! end ( ! ways ( ,god ) ,8 p2 t at la/ ! idea ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god w be realiz$4 ,f ! fundam5tal passage1 ,ps4 lxxii4 #h-aa1 & p>allel passages1 su* z *ap4 ii4 #b1 #d2 ,mic4 v4 #c 7#d72 ,ze*4 ix4 #aj1 x is obvi\s t1 z reg>ds ! endless increase ( ! gov]nm5t1 ! ,prophet ?9ks ( all ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,on ! peace )\t end1 comp4 ,ps4 lxxii4 #g2 *ap4 ii4 #d2 ,mic4 v4 #d 7#e71 & ! words3 ,he speake? peace unto ! hea!n1 ,ze*4 ix4 #aj4 ,! ,hebrew3 l designates ! sub/ratum on :i* ! increase ( dom9ion & ! peace manife/ !mselves2 ! dom9ion ( ! ,davidic family & its k+dom ga9 inf9itely 9 ext5t1 & 9 ! same degree peace also increases4 ,9 ^! words ! ,prophet gives an intimation t ! ,messiah w proce$ f ,david's family1 comp4 *ap4 xi4 #a :]e he designates ,him z ! twig ( ,jesse4--,hebrew3 hki,n to confirm1 to e/abli%1 us$ ( ?rone & k+dom1 #a ,sam4 xiii4 #ac1 comp4 #ad2 #a ,k+s ii4 #ab1 comp4 v]4 #bd1 & f>!r1 *ap4 xvi4 #e4--,! words3 f h5ce=? ev5 = ev] d n1 z ,umbreit supposes1 ref] to e ?+ 9 ?is v]se1 b to ! words imm$iately prec$+4 ,t ! words mu/ be und]/ood 9 _! full s5se1 we h already prov$ 9 our rem>ks on ! fundam5tal passage1 #b ,sam4 vii4 #ac3 ,& ,i w e/abli% ! ?rone ( ,8 k+dom = ev]2 see ,vol4 i4 p4 #aca4 ,mi*aelis says3 ,s t t promise to ,david %all nev] fail4 ,! ,hebrew3 e? does n ref] to ! actual1 b to ! ideal pres5t1 to ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! ,r$eem]1 to ! words3 ,unto u a *ild is born1 unto u a ,son is giv51 & ! gov]nm5t is ^u ,8 %\ld]4--,?is great *ange is br\ght ab\t ,pg #ic by ! zeal ( ! ,"l :o raises ?is glori\s ,k+ to ,8 p2 comp4 ,john iii4 #af4 ,! zeal 9 itself is only en]gy2 ! sph]e ( its ex]cise is1 9 e in/ance1 det]m9$ by ! context4 ,9 ,exod4 xv4 #e2 ,deut4 iv4 #bd2 ,nah4 i4 #b1 ! zeal is ! en]gy ( wra?4 ,9 ! passage be=e u1 z 9 ! ,song ( ,solomon viii4 #f1 & 9 *ap4 xxxvii4 #cb3 ,= out ( ,j]usalem %all g =? a remnant1 & escap$ ones out ( ,m\nt ,zion2 ! zeal ( ! ,"l ( ho/s %all d ?is1 ! zeal ( ,god means ! en]getic "* ( ,8 love to ,zion4 ,we mu/1 9 conclusion1 /ill make a few rem>ks1 on ! int]pretation ( v]s4 #e & #f4 ,! old] int]pret]s 7 unanim\s 9 ref]r+ ^! v]ses to ! ,messiah4 ,ev5 by ! ,jews1 ?is explanation 0 ab&on$ at a subsequ5t p]iod only4 ,to ! ,messiah ?is passage is ref]r$ by ! ,*aldean ,p>aphra/1 by ! ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis kn[n by ! "n ,bre%i? ,rabbah 9 ! exposition ( ,g5esis xli4 #dd 7see ,raim4 ,m>t9i ,pugio fidei1 ,vol4 iii4 sec4 #c1 *ap4 xiv4 #f71 by ,rabbi ,jose ,galilaeus 9 ! book ,ekha ,rabbati1 a ,comm5t>y on ,lam5tations 7see ,raim4 ,matt4 iii4 #c *ap4 #d1 #ac74 ,b5 ,sira 7fol4 #dj ed41 ,am/el4 #afgi71 m5tions among ! eight names ( ! ,messiah1 ! foll[+ f ! passage be=e u3 ,wond]ful1 ,c\nsellor1 ,el ,gibbor1 ,pr9ce ( ,peace4 ,b ! late ,jewi% int]pret]s f\nd x objectionable t ! ,messiah1 9 opposition to _! doctr9al views1 0 "h describ$ z ,god2 = doctr9al reasons1 !re=e1 !y gave up ! receiv$ int]pretation1 & s\ght to adapt ! passage to ,hezekiah4 ,among ^!1 h[ev]1 ,rabbi ,lipmann all[s ! ,messianic explanation to a c]ta9 degree to rema94 ,ackn[l$g+ t ! prophecy c\ld n ref] exclusively to ,hezekiah1 he ext5ds x to all ! successors f ! ,h\se ( ,david1 includ+ ! ,messiah1 by :om x is to atta9 its mo/ p]fect fulfilm5t4 ,among ,*ri/ian int]pret]s1 ,grotius 0 ! fir/ to ab&on ! ,messianic explanation4 ,ev5 ,cl]icus ackn[l$ges t ! pr$icates are applicable to ,hezekiah s5su admodum diluto only4 ,at ! "t :5 ,rationalism _h ! asc5dancy1 x became pretty curr5t to expla9 !m ( ,hezekiah4 ,ges5ius modifi$ ?is view by suppos+ t ! ,prophet _h connect$ 8 ,messianic wi%es & expectations ) ,hezekiah1 & ,pg #id expect$ _! realization by him4 ,at pres5t ?is view is ne>ly ab&on$2 aft] ,ges5ius1 ,h5dew]k is ! only "o :o /ill endeav\rs to def5d x4 ,aga9/ ! application to ,hezekiah ev5 ?is s+le argum5t is decisive1 t a glory is "h spok5 (1 :i* is to be be/[$ especially ^u ,galilee :i* belong$ to ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes4 ,f>!r--,al?\gh ! prophecy be consid]$ z a human =ebod+ only1 h[ c\ld ! ,prophet1 to :om1 ev]y:]e else su* a %>p eye is ascrib$1 t1 f x1 !y endeav\r to expla9 8 fulfill$ prophecies1--h[ c\ld ! ,prophet h expect$ t ,hezekiah1 :o 0 at t "t a boy ( ab\t n9e ye>s ( age1 & :o appe>$ "u su* unfav\rable circum/ances1 %\ld realize ! hopes :i* he "h utt]s 9 ref]5ce to ! _w's p[]1 %\ld conqu] t p[] def9itively & = ev]1 %\ld inf9itely ext5d 8 k+dom1 & e/abli% an ev]la/+ dom9ion8 ,h[ c\ld he h ascrib$ div9e attributes to ,hezekiah :o1 9 8 human weakness1 /ood be=e him8 ,f9ally--,! und5iable agreem5t ( ! prophecy be=e u ) o!r ,messianic passages1 especially ) ,ps4 lxxii4 & ,is4 xi41 :]e ev5 ,ges5ius did n v5ture to ma9ta9 ! ref]5ce to ,hezekiah1 is decid$ly 9 opposition to ! ref]5ce to ,hezekiah4 ,,! ,,twig ,,( ,,jesse4 7,*ap4 xi41 xii47 ,^! *apt]s con/itute "p ( a l>g] :ole :i* beg9s ) *ap4 x4 #e4 ,) reg>d to ! "t ( ! composition ( ?is disc\rse1 x appe>s1 f *ap4 x4 #i-aa1 t ,sam>ia 0 already conqu]$4 ,! prophecy1 !re=e1 _c be prior to ! six? ye> ( ,hezekiah4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! defeat ( ! ,assyrian ho/1 :i*1 "u ,s5na*]ib1 invad$ ,judah1 is ann\nc$ z be+ /ill future4 ,! prophecy1 accord+ly1 falls into ! p]iod betwe5 ! #f? & ! #ad? ye> ( ,hezekiah's reign4 ,f ! circum/ance t 9 x ,pg #ie ! k+ ( ,as%ur is repres5t$ z be+ ab\t to m>* aga9/ ,j]usalem1 x is commonly inf]r$ t x 0 utt]$ %ortly be=e ! de/ruction ( ! ,assyrian ho/1 & h5ce1 belongs to ! f\rte5? ye> ( ,hezekiah4 ,b ?is gr\nd is n v safe4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly be ov]look+ ! livel9ess ) :i* ! prophets beheld & repres5t$ future ?+s z pres5t2 x w\ld be conf\nd+ ! ideal ,pres5t ) ! actual1 if we 7 to inf] f v]s4 #bh-cb t ! ,assyrian army mu/ already h rea*$ ! s+le /ations m5tion$ !re4 ,! utmo/ t we are entitl$ to inf] f ?is livel9ess ( description is1 t ! ,assyrian army 0 already on its m>*2 b n ev5 t c be inf]r$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,9 fav\r ( ! imm$iate ne>ness ( ! dang]1 h[ev]1 is ! circum/ance t1 9 ! prophecy1 ! ?reat5+ is kept s mu* 9 ! backgr\nd2 t1 f ! outset1 x is com=t+ & enc\rag+1 & beg9s at once ) ! ann\ncem5t ( ,as%ur's de/ruction1 & ,judah's deliv]ance4 ,?is seems to sugge/ t ! place :i*1 ev]y:]e else1 is occupi$ by ! ?reat5+1 0 "h tak5 by ! ev5ts !mselves2 s t ( ! two enemies ( salvation1 pr\d security & despair1 ! latt] only 0 "h to be met4 ,! prophecy be=e u op5s ! :ole s]ies ( ! prophecies out ( ! #ad? ye> ( ,hezekiah1 ! mo/ rem>kable ye> ( ! ,prophet's life1 ri* 9 ! revelations ( div9e glory1 9 :i* 8 prophecy fl[$ 9 full /reams1 & spread on all sides4 ,! prophecy divides itself into two p>ts4 ,! fir/1 *ap4 x4 #e-cd1 conta9s ! ?reat5+ aga9/ ,as%ur1 :o 0 j prep>+ to inflict ! deadly bl[ ^u ! p ( ,god4 ,! fact t 9 *ap4 xi4 we h n an absolutely new beg9n+ be=e u1 suffici5tly appe>s f ! g5]al analogy1 accord+ to :i*1 z a rule1 ! ,messianic prophecy does n beg9 ! prophetical disc\rse2 b /ill m cle>ly f ! circum/ance t *ap4 xi4 beg9s ) &2 to :i* argum5t may /ill be add$ ! fact t ! figure 9 ! fir/ v]se ( ?is *apt] evid5tly ref]s to ! figure 9 ! la/ v]se ( ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,as%ur _h !re be5 repres5t$ z a /ately =e/ :i* 0 to be cut d[n by ! h& ( ! ,"l2 :ile "h ! h\se ( ,david appe>s z a /em cut d[n1 f ! roots ( :i* a small twig %all ,pg #if come =?1 :i*1 al?\gh unassum+ at fir/1 is to gr[ up into a fruit-be>+ tree4 ,! purpose ( ! :ole disc\rse 0 to /r5g!n & com=t believ]s on ! occasion ( ,as%ur's inroad into ! c\ntry2 to br+ x home to ! convictions ( ^? :o 7 despair+ ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 t ,he :o is 9 ! mid/ ( !m is great] ?an ! _w ) all its app>5t p[]2 & !reby to awak5 & ar\se !m to resign !mselves entirely into ! h&s ( _! ,god4 ,x is = ?is purpose t ! ,prophet fir/ describes ! cata/rophe ( ,as%ur2 t1 !n1 9 *ap4 xi41 he po9ts to ! highe/ glorification :i* 9 future is de/9$ = ! ,*ur* ( ,god by ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/1 9 ord] t %e may ! m cle>ly p]ceive t e fe> reg>d+ h] exi/5ce is folly4 ,! connection ( ! two passages appe>s s mu* ! m pla9ly :5 we consid]1 t t :i*1 9 *ap4 x41 0 said ( ,as%ur1 & especially ! close 9 v]s4 #cc & #cd3 ,behold ,jehovah ( ho/s cuts d[n ! bran*es ) p[]1 & ^? ( a high /ature %all be hewn d[n1 & ! high ones %all be made l[4 ,& ,he cuts d[n ! ?ickets ( ! =e/ ) ! iron1 & ,lebanon %all fall by ! glori\s "o1 ref]s to him z ! repres5tative ( ! :ole _w's p[]2 t ! defeat ( ,s5na*]ib be=e ,j]usalem is to be consid]$ z ! ne>e/ fulfilm5t only1 b n z ! full & real fulfilm5t4 ,f ! family ( ,david sunk into total obscurity--su* is ! sub/ance--!re %all1 at "s future p]iod1 rise a ,rul] :o1 at fir/ l[ & )\t appe>ance1 %all atta9 to great glory & be/[ ri* bless+s1--a ,rul] furni%$ ) ! fulness ( ! ,_s ( ,god & ( ,8 gifts1 fill$ ) ! fe> ( ,god1 look+ %>ply & deeply1 & n bl9d$ by any appe>ance1 j & an help] ( ! oppress$1 an almighty av5g] ( wick$ness1 v]4 #a-e4 ,by him all ! consequ5ces ( ! fall1 ev5 d[n to ! irrational creation1 9 ! _w ( m5 & ( nature1 %all be remov$1 v]4 #f-i4 ,ar\nd ,him ! ,g5tiles1 =m]ly addict$ to idols1 %all ga!r1 v]4 #aj4 ,9 v]4 #aa-af ! ,prophet describes :at he is to d = ,israel1 to :om ! disc\rse 0 9 ! fir/ in/ance address$1 & ^u :om x 0 to impress ! ^w3 ,fe> n4 ,"u ,him !y obta9 deliv]ance ,pg #ig f ! condition ( be+ scatt]$ & exil$ f ! face ( ! ,"l1 ! removal ( p]nici\s diss5sions1 conqu]+ p[] 9 relation to ! _w :i* assails !m1 & ! removal ( all ob/acles to salvation by ! p[]ful arm ( ! ,"l4 ,! ref]5ce ( ! prophecy to ! ,messiah is1 among all ! explanations1 ! mo/ anci5t4 ,we f9d x 9 ! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an1 :o ?us r5d]s ! fir/ v]se3 ,hebrew3 vipq mlka mbnvhi diwi vmwi,ha mbni bnvhi itrbi4 ,/4 ,paul quotes ?is prophecy 9 ,rom4 xv4 #ab1 & proves f x ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,9 #b ,!s4 ii4 #h he quotes ! words ( v]4 #d1 & assigns to ,*ri/ :at is said 9 x4 ,9 ,rev4 v4 #e1 xxii4 #af1 ,*ri/1 ) ref]5ce to v]4 #a & #aj1 is call$ ! root ( ,david4 ,! ,messianic explanation 0 def5d$ by mo/ ( ! old] ,jewi% int]pret]s1 especially by ,j>*i1 ,ab>banel1 & ,kim*i4#a ,x is pr(ess$ ev5 by mo/ ( ! rationali/ic int]pret]s1 by ! mod]n ones especially1 )\t any exception 7,ei*horn1 ,de ,wette1 ,ges5ius1 ,hitzig1 ,maur]1 ,ewald71 al?\gh1 x is true1 !y di/+ui% betwe5 ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! ,messiah ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1--z1 e4g41 ,ges5ius has said3 ,features su* z ^? 9 v]4 #d & #e exclude any o!r ?an ! political ,messiah1 & ,k+ ( ! ,israeliti% /ate1 & ,hitzig3 ,a political ,messiah ^: attributes1 especially ^? assign$ to him v]4 #c & #d1 are n applicable to ,jesus4 ,b ! non-,messianic int]pretation1 too1 has f\nd its def5d]s4 ,accord+ to a /atem5t ( ,!odoret1 ! passage 0 ref]r$ by ! ,jews to ,z]ubbabel4#b ,int]pret]s m num]\s & di/+ui%$ h ref]r$ x to ,hezekiah4 ,?is int]pretation is m5tion$ z e>ly z by ,ephraem ,syrus2 among ! ,rabbis x 0 held by ,moses ,hakkoh51 & ,ab5ezra2 among ,*ri/ian int]pret]s1 ,grotius 0 ! fir/ :o pr(ess$ x1 b 9 su* a mann] t he assum$ a high] ref]5ce to ,*ri/4 7,! ,prophet returns to praise ,hezekiah 9 words "u :i* ! high] praises ( ,*ri/ are conceal$47 ,he 0 foll[$ by ,da!4 ,! exclusive ref]5ce to ,hezekiah 0 ma9ta9$ by ,h]mann v4 d4 ,pg #ih ,h>dt1 9 a treatise publi%$ 9 #afie1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 confiscat$2 !n1 by a numb] ( int]pret]s at ! comm5cem5t ( ! age ( ,rationalism1 at ! head ( :om 0 ,bahrdt4 ,among ! expositors ( ! la/ decade1 ?is int]pretation is held by ,h5dew]k alone4 ,! reasons = ! ,messianic int]pretation1 & aga9/ mak+ ,hezekiah ! subject ( ! prophecy1 are1 among o!rs1 ! foll[+3-- #a4 ,! comp>ison ( ! p>allel passages4 ,! ,messiah is "h repres5t$ "u ! figure ( a %oot or spr\t4 ,?is has become s common1 z a designation ( ! ,messiah1 t ! "n ,spr\t has almo/ become a prop] "n ( ! ,messiah2 comp>e ! rem>ks on *ap4 iv4 #b4 ,a /rik+ resemblance to v]4 #a is pres5t$ by *ap4 lviii4 #b1 :]e ! ,messiah1 to express ,8 l[l9ess at ! beg9n+ ( ,8 c\rse1 is1 9 ! same mann] z "h1 comp>$ to a feeble & t5d] twig4 ,ps4 lxxii4 & ! prophecies 9 *ap4 ii41 iv41 vii41 ix41 & ,mic4 v41 pres5t s _m agreem5ts & co9cid5ces ) ! prophecy "u consid]ation1 t !y mu/ necess>ily be ref]r$ to "o & ! same subject4 ,! reception ( ! ,g5tile nations into ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 ! hol9ess ( its memb]s1 ! cessation ( all ho/ilities1 are features :i* con/antly recur 9 ! ,messianic prophecies4 #b4 ,!re are features int]wov5 ) ! prophecy :i* lead to a m ?an human dignity ( its subject4 ,ev5 ?is circum/ance is ( importance "h1 t ! :ole e>? appe>s z ! sph]e ( ,8 dom9ion4 ,/ill m di/9ctly is ! human sph]e ov]/epp$ by ! ann\ncem5t t1 "u ,8 gov]nm5t1 s91 yea1 ev5 all de/ruction 9 ! outw>d nature is to cease1 & ! e>? is to return to ! happy condition 9 :i* x 0 be=e ! fall4 ,accord+ to v]4 #d1 ,he slays ! wick$ 9 ! :ole e>? by ,8 m]e ^w1--a ?+ :i* else:]e is said ( ,god only2 & accord+ to v]4 #aj1 ! hea!n %all r5d] ,him religi\s rev]5ce4 #c4 ,a future scion ( ,david is "h promis$4 ,= ,hebrew3 vica 9 v]4 #a mu/ be tak5 z a praet]itum propheticum1 z is evid5t f its be+ connect$ ) ! prec$+ *apt]1 :i* has to d ) future ?+s1 & 9 :i* ! pret]ites h a prophetic mean+2 z also by ! analogy ( ! foll[+ pret]ites f :i* ?is c by no means be sep>at$4 ,b ,pg #ii at ! "t :5 ?is prophecy 0 compos$1 ,hezekiah _h long ago ent]$ ^u ! gov]nm5t4 #d4 ,! circum/ances "u :i* ! ,prophet makes ! ,k+ appe> are altoge!r diff]5t f ^? at ! "t ( ,hezekiah4 ,accord+ to v]4 #a & #aj1 ! royal h\se ( ,david w\ld h entirely decl9$1 & sunk into ! obscurity ( private life1 at ! "t :5 ! ,promis$ ,"o w\ld appe>4 ,! ,messiah is !re repres5t$ z a t5d] twig :i* spr+s =? f ! roots ( a tree cut d[n4 ,9 ! circum/ance1 too1 t ! /em is n call$ aft] ,david1 b aft] ,jesse1 x is intimat$ t ! royal family is !n to h sunk back into ! obscurity ( private life4 ,?is does n apply to ,hezekiah1 "u :om ! ,davidic dyna/y ma9ta9$ its dignity1 b to ,*ri/ only4 ,f>!r3 ,9 v]4 #aa !re is an ann\ncem5t ( ! return ( n only ! memb]s ( ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes1 b also ( ! memb]s ( ! k+dom ( ,judah f all ! c\ntries 9 :i* !y 7 disp]s$4 ,?is mu/ ref] to a f> lat] "t ?an t ( ,hezekiah2 = at 8 "t no c>ry+ away ( ! inhabitants ( ,judah _h tak5 place4 ,?is argum5t is conclusive also aga9/ ! false modifi$ ,messianic explanation z x has be5 advanc$ by ,ewald1 accord+ to :i* ! ,prophet is suppos$ to h expect$ t ! ,messiah w\ld appe> imm$iately aft] ! judgm5t ^u ! ,assyrians1 & aft] ! conv]sion & re=m ( ^? 9 ! ,*ur* :o _h be5 sp>$ 9 ! judgm5t4 ,! facts m5tion$ %[ t betwe5 ! appe>ance ( ! ,messiah1 & ! ,pres5t & imm$iate ,future1 !re lay to ! ,prophet /ill a wide int]val 9 :i* an entire *ange ( ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s 0 to take place4 ,v]4 #aa is "h ( special importance4 ,= ?is v]se op5s up to u ! prospect ( a :ole s]ies ( cata/rophes to be inflict$ ^u ,israel by ! _w's p[]s1 all ( :i* are already to h tak5 place at ! "t ( ! ,k+'s appe>ance1 & :i* lay beyond ! hi/orical horizon at ! "t ( ! ,prophet4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( tru?1 inde$1 lies at ! f\ndation ( ! explanation :i* ref]s ! prophecy to ,hezekiah4 ,! fundam5tal ?\ght ( ! prophecy be=e u3 ,! exaltation ( ! _w's p[]1 is a prophecy ( its abasem5t2 ! abasem5t ( ! ,davidic ,k+dom is a prophecy ( its exaltation1 ,pg #ajj 01 9 a prelude1 to be realiz$ ev5 at t "t4 ,b ! ,prophet does n limit himself to ^! feeble beg9n+s4 ,he po9ts to ! inf9itely great] realization ( ?is idea 9 ! di/ant future1 :]e ! abasem5t %\ld be mu* deep]1 b ! exaltation also inf9itely high]4 ,to him :o _h fir/1 by a liv+ fai?1 laid hold ( ,*ri/'s appe>ance1 x mu/ be easy1 ev5 9 ! pres5t difficulty1 to hope = ! l[] salvation4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! political ,messiah ( ! prophecy be=e u1 & ,jesus ( ,naz>e?--a di/9ction got up by ,rationalism--re/s *iefly ^u ! fact t ,rationalism kn[s ,*ri/ z ! ,son ( ,man only1 & is entirely ignorant ( ,8 true et]nal ,k+dom4 ,h5ce a prophecy :i*1 except ! intimation1 9 v]4 #a1 ( ,8 l[l9ess at fir/1 ref]s altoge!r to ! glorifi$ ,*ri/1 c\ld n b appe> z inapplicable4 ,b x is j by v]4 #d1 to :i* !y *iefly appeal1 t a political ,messiah is exclud$2 = to su* an "o ! words3 ,he smite? ! e>? ) ! rod ( ,8 m\?1 & ) ! brea? ( ,8 lips ,he slaye? ! wick$ d n 9 ! lea/ apply4 ,& s likewise v]s4 #f-i altoge!r g beyond ! sph]e ( a political ,messiah1 ,all t at fir/ sight seems to lead to su* an "o belongs to ! imag]y :i* 01 & c\ld n fail to be1 tak5 f ! pr$ecessors & types on ! ?rone ( ,david1 s9ce ,*ri/ 0 to be repres5t$ z ,he 9 :om ! ,davidic ,k+dom atta9s to its full tru? & glory4 ,9 ! :ole section1 ! ,r$eem] appe>s z a ,k+4 ,?is is altoge!r a matt] ( c\rse1 = ,he =ms ! anti!sis to ! k+ ( ,as%ur4 ,x is q 9 va9 t ,umbreit has endeav\r$ to br+ political elem5ts into ! description4 ,!reby ! s5se is ess5tially alt]$4 ,we mu/ keep closely 9 view ! ,prophet's />t+-po9t4 ,be=e ^? :o 7 fill$ ) c>es & fe>s1 le/ ! ,davidic ,k+dom %\ld be ov]turn$ by ! ,assyrian k+dom1 he holds up ! bright image ( ! ,k+dom ( ,david1 9 its la/ completion4 ,:5 !y _h receiv$ t into _! he>ts1 ! k+ ( ,as%ur c\ld n fail to appe> to !m 9 a light altoge!r diff]5t1 z a mis]able wret*4 ,! giant at once dw9dl$ d[n into a contemptible dw>f1 & ) te>s /ill ,pg #aja 9 _! eyes !y c\ld n avoid laugh+ at !mselves = hav+ /ood s mu* 9 awe ( him4 ,z is commonly ! case 9 ! ,messianic prophecies1 s "h1 too1 no att5tion is paid to ! developm5t ( ,*ri/'s ,k+dom 9 "t4 ,ev]y?+1 !re=e1 is fulfill$ only z to its beg9n+2 & ! complete fulfilm5t /ill /&s out = t future 9 :i*1 aft] ! fulness ( ! ,g5tiles has be5 br\ght 91 & apo/ate ,israel has be5 conv]t$1 ! consequ5ces ( ! fall %all1 9 ! outw>d nature also1 be remov$4 ,v]4 #a4 ,& !re come? =? a twig f ! /ump ( ,jesse1 & a bran* f 8 roots %all be> fruit4 ,! circum/ance t ! words 9 ! fir/ v]se are complet$ 9 ! numb] sev51 divid$ into ?ree & f\r1 intimates t ! ,prophet "h ent]s ^u ! t]ritory ( ! revelation ( a my/]y ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,totally diff]5t--s ! ,prophet beg9s--f ! fate ( ,as%ur1 j n[ proclaim$1 %all t ( ! royal h\se ( ,david be4 ,as%ur %all be humbl$ at a "t :5 he is mo/ elevat$4 ,lebanon falls ?r\gh ! mighty ,"o3 b ! h\se ( ,david %all be exalt$ at a "t :5 he is mo/ humbl$4 ,:o !n w\ld tremble & be afraid1 al?\gh x g d[nw>d8 ,lu!r says3 ,?is is a %ort summ>y ( ! :ole ( !ology & ( ! works ( ,god1 t ,*ri/ did n come till ! trunk _h di$1 & 0 altoge!r 9 a hopeless condition2 t h5ce1 :5 all hope is gone1 we are to believe t x is ! "t ( salvation1 & t ,god is !n ne>e/ :5 ,he seems to be f>!/ (f6 ,! same contra/ appe>s 9 ,ezek4 xvii4 #bd4 ,! ,"l br+s d[n ! high tree ( ! _w's p[]1 & exalts ! l[ tree ( ! ,davidic h\se4 ,! ^w ,hebrew3 gze does n mean /em 9 g5]al1 z sev]al rationali/ic int]pret]s1 & ,mei] la/1 h ass]t$1 b r /ump1 truncus1 ,greek3 kormos1 z ,aquila1 ,symma*us1 ,!odotion1 translate4 ,?is is prov$ f ! foll[+ reasons3 7#a7 ! d]ivation f ,hebrew3 gze1 9 ,arabic secuit1 equival5t to ,hebrew3 gde1 to cut (f1 *ap4 ix4 #i2 x4 #cc4 ,! ,hebrew3 gdei,m 9 latt] passage cle>ly ref]s to ! ,hebrew3 gze "h4 ,! pr\d trees ( ,as%ur %all be cut d[n2 f ! cut d[n trunk ( ,david !re %all gr[ up a new tree ov]%ad[+ ! e>?1 & (f]+ glori\s fruits to !m t dwell on x4--7#b7 ,! usus loqu5di4 ,! signification1 /ump1 is1 by ,pg #ajb ! context1 requir$ 9 ! two passages 9 :i* ! ^w ,hebrew3 gze /ill occurs4 ,9 ,job xiv4 #h1 x is obvi\s4 ,! :ole passage !re f v]s4 #g-i illu/rates ! figurative repres5tation 9 ! v]se "u review4 ,= !re is hope ( a tree2 if x be cut d[n x w spr\t aga91 & its t5d] bran* does n cease4 ,?\gh ! root !re( wax old 9 ! e>?1 & ! /ump !re( die 9 ! du/1 ?r\gh ! sc5t ( wat]s x buds1 & br+s =? b\ghs1 l "o newly plant$4 ,we h "h ! figure ( our v]se c>ri$ out4 ,t :i* wat] is to ! natural tree decay+1 ! ,_s & grace ( ,god are to ! dy+ tree1 cut d[n to ! v roots1 ( ! ,davidic family4 ,9 ! second passage4 ,is4 xl4 #bc1 #bd1 x is only by a false int]pretation t ,hebrew3 gze has be5 und]/ood ( ! /em 9 g5]al4 ,he br+e? pr9ces to no?+1 ,he de/roye? ! k+s ( ! e>?4 ,!y are n plant$2 !y are n s[n2 _! /ump does n take root 9 ! e>?4 ,! ,prophet1 hav+ previ\sly prov$ ,god's elevation ov] ! creature1 f ! creation & pres]vation ( ! _w1 n[ proves x f ! no?+ness ( all t :i* on e>? has ! greate/ appe>ance ( indep5d5t p[]4 ,x co/s ,him no ef=t to de/roy all e>?ly greatness :i* places itself 9 opposition to ,him4 ,he bl[s on !m1 & !y h disappe>$ )\t leav+ any trace4 ,if ,god's w be n ) x1 pr9ces w n atta9 to any firm foot+ & prosp]ity 7!y are n plant$ & s[n72 !y are l a cut-d[n /em :i* has no m p[] to take root 9 ! e>?4 ,a tree n plant$ dries up2 corn n s[n does n produce fruit2 a cut d[n tree does n take root4--7#c47 ,! connection4 ,9 ! second memb] ( ! v]se we read3 ,a bran* f 8 roots %all be> fruit4 ,unless we mean to adopt ! altoge!r unsuitable exp$i5t ( expla9+ x ( a wild twig :i* %oots =? f ! roots ( a /ill /&+ tree1 we _c b ?9k ( a /em cut d[n to ! v root4 ,aga9/ ! op9ion ( ,h5dew]k :o rem>ks3 ,an indirect %oot f ! root :i* comes =? f ! root ?r\gh ! /em2 & aga9/ ,mei]'s op9ion3 ,! root corresponds ) ! /em1 & bo? toge!r =m ! liv+ tree1 x is decisive1 t 9 v]4 #aj1 ! ,messiah is simply1 & )\t any m5tion be+ made ( ! /em1 designat$ z ,hebrew3 wrw a %oot f ! root4 ,f>!r1 *ap4 liii4 #b1 :]e ! ,messiah is repres5t$ ,pg #ajc z a %oot f ! root out ( a dry gr\nd4--7#d47 ,x is only :5 ,hebrew3 gze has ! mean+1 /ump1 t x c be acc\nt$ = :y ! ,hebrew3 gze ( ,jesse1 & n ( ,david1 is spok5 (--7#e47 ,! supposition t ! ,messiah %all be born at ! "t ( ! deepe/ humiliation ( ! ,davidic family1 aft] ! entire loss ( ! royal dignity1 p]vades all ! o!r prophetical writ+s4 ,t ,micah views ! ,davidic family z entirely sunk at ! "t ( ,*ri/'s appe>ance1 we %[$ 9 vol4 ,i4 p4 #ejh-i4 ,comp>e f>!r ! rem>ks on ,amos ix4 #aa1 & ^? on ,mat?4 ii4 #bc imm$iately foll[+4--,hitzig is oblig$ to confess t ,hebrew3 gze c designate ! cut-(f /em only2 b ma9ta9s t ,jesse1 z an individual long ago dead1 is designat$ z a cut-(f tree4 ,b aga9/ ?is op9ion is ! relation :i*1 z we prov$1 exi/s betwe5 ?is v]se & ! la/ v]ses ( ! prec$+ *apt]2 ! und5iable correspond5ce ( ,hebrew3 gze ) ,hebrew3 gdei,m 9 *ap4 x4 #cc4 ,9 t case ! anti!sis also1 s evid5tly int5d$ by ! ,prophet1 w\ld be altoge!r lo/4 ,x is n by any means a ?+ s uncommon1 t a man :o is already dead %\ld h a glori\s desc5dant4 ,to ?is x may fur!r be add$ t1 accord+ to ?is supposition1 ! circum/ance is n all acc\nt$ =1 t ,jesse is m5tion$1 & n ,david1 ! royal ance/or1 z is done ev]y:]e else4 ,f9ally--,9 ?is v =c$ explanation1 ! p>allel passages are altoge!r left out ( view1 9 :i* likewise ! doctr9e is conta9$ t1 at ! "t ( ,*ri/'s appe>ance1 ! ,davidic family %\ld h altoge!r sunk4 ,! reason ( all ^! futile attempts at expla9+ away ! s5se s evid5t & obvi\s1 is none o!r ?an ! fe> ( ackn[l$g+ 9 ! prophecy an elem5t :i* goes beyond ! t]ritory ( patriotic fancy & human k4 ,b ?is d>k fe> %\ld "h s mu* ! m be set aside1 t1 accord+ to o!r passages also1 ! ,prophet und5iably _h ! k & conviction t ,israel's c\rse w\ld be m & m d[nw>d be=e x atta9$1 9 ,*ri/1 to ! full height ( its de/9y4 ,we ne$ rem9d only ( ! prophecies 9 *ap4 v4 & vi42 & x is s mu* ! m natural "h to comp>e ! latt] ( !m1 t1 9 x1 9 v]4 #ac1 ,israel1 at ! "t ( ! appe>+ ( ! ,messianic ,k+dom1 is repres5t$ z a fell$ tree1--a fact :i* has = its gr\nd ! s9k+ ( ! ,pg #ajd ,davidic race :i* is "h ann\nc$4 ,we f>!r direct att5tion to ! circum/ance t 9 our prophecy itself1 ,israel's be+ c>ri$ away into all ! c\ntries ( ! e>? is =ese5 z future1--a circum/ance :i* is s mu* ! m analog\s1 t !re also1 z "h1 ! =ekn[l$ge clo!s itself 9 ! =m ( ! supposition & n ( express ann\ncem5t4 ,) reg>d to ! latt] po9t1 x may /ill be rem>k$ t ,amos also1 9 *ap4 ix4 #aa1 by speak+ ( ! rais+ up ( ! tab]nacle ( ,david :i* is fall51 anticipates its future l[l9ess4--,! "q /ill arises3--,:y is x t ! ,messiah is "h designat$ z a rod ( ,jesse1 :ile else:]e1 ,8 orig9 is commonly trac$ back to ,david8 ,umbreit is ( op9ion t ! m5tion ( ,jesse may be expla9$ f ! ,prophet's desire to trace ! p$igree z f> back z possible2 9 its app>5t ext9ction1 ! family ( ! ,messiah 0 to be po9t$ out z a v old "o4 ,b if ?is _h be5 8 int5tion1 he w\ld h gone back beyond ,jesse to ! old] ance/ors :om ! ,book ( ,ru? m5tions2 & if he _h be5 s anxi\s to hon\r ! family ( ! ,messiah1 x w\ld1 at all ev5ts1 h be5 f> m suitable to m5tion ,david ?an ,jesse1 :o 0 only "o degree remov$ f him4 ,! s\nd view has be5 long ago giv5 by ,calv91 :o says3 ,! ,prophet does n m5tion ,david2 b r ,jesse4 ,= s mu* 0 ! dignity ( t family dim9i%$1 t x seem$ to be a ru/ic1 ignoble family r ?an a royal "o4 ,x 0 appropriate t t family1 ^u :om 0 a second "t to be fulfill$ ! decl>ation 9 ,ps4 cxiii4 #g1 #h3 ,he raise? up ! poor out ( ! du/2 ,he lifte? up ! ne$y out ( ! dunghill1 t ,he may set him ) pr9ces1 ) ! pr9ces ( ,8 p1--9 :i*1 ! second "t1 ! transition %\ld take place f ! l[ condition to ! royal dignity1 %\ld n be m5tion$ accord+ to its royal1 b accord+ to its ru/ic "*4 ,?is explanation ( ! fact is confirm$ by ! circum/ance t x agrees exce$+ly well ) ! "r int]pretation ( ,hebrew3 gze3 ,jesse is m5tion$ & n ,david1 because ! ,davidic dignity _h become a ,hebrew3 gze4 ,! m5tion ( ,jesse's "n ?us expla9$1 agrees1 !n1 ) ! bir? ( ,*ri/ at ,be?lehem1 ann\nc$ by ,isaiah's cotempor>y1 ,micah4 ,*ri/ 0 to be born at ,be?lehem1 because t resid5ce 0 peculi> to ! ,pg #aje family ( ,david dur+ its l[l9ess2 comp4 vol4 ,i41 p4 #ejh-i4--,! second hemi/i* ( ! v]se may ei!r be expla9$3 a twig f 8 roots %all be> fruit1 or1 z agrees bett] ) ! acc5ts3 a twig %all f 8 roots be> fruit4 ,! s5se1 at all ev5ts1 is3 ,a %oot proce$+ f 8 roots 7i4e41 ! cut-(f /em ( ,jesse7 %all gr[ up into a /ately fruitful tree2 or3 ,z a tree cut d[n ?r[s out f its roots a "y %oot :i*1 at fir/ inconsid]able1 gr[s up into a /ately fruit-be>+ tree1 s f ! family buri$ 9 contempt & l[l9ess1 a ,k+ %all arise :o1 at fir/ humble & unhe$$1#c %all aft]w>ds atta9 to great glory4 ,p>allel is ,ezek4 xvii4 #bb-bd4 ,! ,messiah is !re comp>$ to a t5d] twig :i* is plant$ by ! ,"l on a high hill1 & s5ds =? bran*es & be>s fruit1 s t all ! birds dwell 9 ! %ad[ ( its bran*es4--,x has n[ become curr5t to expla93 ,a bran* breaks =? or spr\ts2 b t explanation is aga9/ ! usus loqu5di4 ,hebrew3 prh is nev] equival5t to ,hebrew3 pr,h to break =?2 x has only ! signification to be>1 to be> fruit1 to be fruitful4 ,ges5ius :o1 9 ! lat] editions ( 8 translation1 "h expla9s ,hebrew3 prh by1 to break =?1 kn[s1 9 ! ,!saurus1 ( no o!r signification4 ,9 ! passage ( ,ezekiel ref]r$ to1 :i* may be consid]$ z a comm5t>y on ! v]se be=e u1 ,hebrew3 e: pri corresponds to ! ,hebrew3 iprh "h4 ,! *ange ( ! t5se1 too1 sugge/s t ,hebrew3 iprh does n conta9 a m]e repetition1 b a progress4 ,?is progress is necess>y = ! s5se ( ! :ole v]se4 ,= x _c be ! po9t 9 "q t1 9 g5]al1 a %oot comes =?2 b ! po9t is t ?is %oot %all atta9 to importance & glory4 ,hebrew3 iprh compreh5ds & expresses 9 "o ^w t :i*1 9 ! subsequ5t v]ses ( ! section1 is c>ri$ out 9 detail4 ,fir/1 !re is ! be/[al ( ! ,_s ( ! ,"l :]eby ,he is enabl$ to be> fruit2 !n1 ! fruit-be>+ itself4 ,we "h subjo9 ! discussion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t passage :i* ref]s to ?is v]se4 ,footnote #a3 ,_! te/imony is collect$ by ,seb4 ,edz>di 9 ! treatise3 ,cap4 xi4 ,esaiae ,*ri/o v9dicatum adv]sus ,grotium et sectatores ejus1 imprimos ,h]m4 v4 d4 ,h>dt4 ,hamburg #afif4 ,footnote #b3 ,! madness ( ! ,jews is inde$ to be lam5t$ :o ref] ?is prophecy to ,z]ubbabel4 ,footnote #c3 ,al?\gh ,umbreit d5ies x1 yet ?is is impli$ 9 ! designation ( ! ,messiah z a %oot f ! roots4 ,moreov]1 ! l[l9ess ( ! ,messiah himself at ,8 appe>ance is a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! l[l9ess ( ,8 family2 & x is a bad middle c\rse to ackn[l$ge ! latt] & d5y ! =m]4 ,to ?is may1 moreov]1 be add$ ! p>allel passage ,is4 liii4 #b4 ,pg #ajf ,,on ,,mat!w ,,ii4 #bc4 ,greek3 ,kai el?n katks5 eis pol9 legom5n ,naz>et4 hops plr? to rh!n dia tn prophtn1 hoti ,nazraios kl?setai4 ,we "h premise an inve/igation z reg>ds ! "n ( ! t[n ( ,naz>e?4 ,s9ce t "n occurs 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t only1 diff]5t views might arise z to its or?ography & etymology4 ,"o view is ?is3 ,! "n 0 prop]ly & orig9ally ,hebrew3 ncr4 ,be+ ! "n ( a t[n1 x receiv$1 9 ,aramean1 9 addition1 ! fem99e t]m9ation ,hebrew3 a4 ,&1 f9ally1 on acc\nt ( ! orig9al appellative signification ( ! ^w1 a ,hebrew3 t1 ! designation ( ! /atus emphaticus ( fem99e n\ns 9 ,hebrew3 a1 0 sometimes add$4 ,we h an analog\s case 9 ! "n ,dalmanu?a1 ! same place :i*1 ) ! ,talmudi/1 is call$ ,hebrew3 clmv,n4 ,comp>e ,lightfoot decas *orog4 ,m>c4 praem41 opp4 ,,ii41 p4 #daa sqq4 ,s x is likewise probably t ,greek3 gabba?a1 ,hebrew3 gbta is =m$ f ! mascul9e ,hebrew3 gb1 dorsum4 ,our view is t ! orig9al "n 0 ,nez]1 t ?is =m ( ! "n 0 9 use along ) t :i* receiv$ a ,hebrew3 t add$1 & t ?is ,hebrew3 t s]v$ = ! designation ( ! /atus emphaticus only2 or also1 if we wi% to take our /& ^u ! ,hebrew =m1 0 a m]e h>d5+ ( ! ,hebrew3 h ,fem94 7ei!r ( :i* suppositions is equally suitable = our purpose72 & ?is our view we prove by ! foll[+ argum5ts3 #a4 ,! te/imonies ( ! ,jews4 ,david de ,pomis 79 ,de ,dieu1 critic4 sacr4 on ,m4 ,,ii4 #bc7 says3 ,hebrew3 ncri mi wnvld beir ncr hglil r,hvq mirvwli,m dr,k wlwt imi,m ,a ,naz>5e is he :o is born 9 ! t[n ( ,nez]1 9 ,galilee1 ?ree days'j\rney f ,j]usalem4 ,9 ! ,talmud1 9 ,bre%i? ,rabba1 & 9 ,jalkut ,%imeoni on ,daniel1 ! contemptu\s "n ( ,b5 ,nez]1 i4e41 ! ,naz>5e1 is giv5 to ,*ri/2 comp>e ! passages 9 ,buxtorf1 lex4 c4 #achc2 9 ,lightfoot1 disquis4 *orog4 ,johan4 praem4 opp4 ,,ii41 #egh sqq42 ,eis5m5g]1 ,i41 p4 #caci4 ,x is true1 ,giesel] 7on ,mat?4 ii4 #bc1 & 9 ! ,/udi5 u4 ,kritik51 #ahca1 ,,iii4 ,s4 #eia7 has tri$ to give a diff]5t int]pretation to ?is appellation4 ,he is ( op9ion t ?is appellation has ref]5ce to ,is4 xi4 #a2 t x _h come to ! ,jews f ! ,*ri/ians1 :o call$ ,pg #ajg _! ,messiah ,hebrew3 b,n ncr1 because ,he 0 ,he :o _h be5 promis$ by ,isaiah4 ,b ?is supposition is correct ?us f> only1 t1 no d\bt1 ?is appellation 0 *os5 by ! ,jews ) a ref]5ce to ! circum/ance t ! ,*ri/ians ma9ta9$ t ,jesus 0 ! ,hebrew3 ncr ann\nc$ by ,isaiah1 j z1 = ! v same reason1 !y also assign to ,him ! names ,hebrew3 ncr napv,p adult]\s bran*1 & ,hebrew3 ncr nteb abom9able bran* 7f ,is4 xiv4 #ai72 comp4 ,eis5m5g] ,i4 ,s4 #acg1 #ach4 ,b ,giesel] is wrong 9 d]iv+1 f ?is ref]5ce to ,is4 xi4 #a1 ! orig9 ( ! appellation1 be x prop]ly or ma9ly only4 ,aga9/ t ev5 ! v appellation is decisive1 = 9 t case x ought to h be5 ,nez] only1 & n ,b5-,nez]4 ,giesel]1 x is true1 ass]ts t he 9 :om a c]ta9 prophecy 0 fulfill$ is call$ ! ,son ( ! prophecy1 & 9 confirmation ( ?is usus loqu5di he ref]s to ! circum/ance t ! pseudo-,messiah "u ,hadrian assum$1 ) a ref]5ce to ! ,hebrew3 kvkb 9 ,numb4 xxiv4 #ag1 ! "n ,hebrew3 b,n kvkb or ,hebrew3 b,n kvkba1 9 s f> z ! /> !re promis$ _h appe>$ 9 him4 ,b ?is confirmation is only app>5t2 x c z little be prov$ f x1 t ,*ri/ c\ld be call$ ,b5-,nez] because ,he 0 ,he 9 :om ! prophecy ( ! ,nez] 0 fulfill$1 z x c be prov$ f ! appellation ,b5 ,nez] t t pseudo-,messiah c\ld be call$ ,b> ,co*ba1 only because x 0 believ$ t 9 him ! prophecy ( ! /> 0 fulfill$4 ,rel& has already prov$ 7,geogr4 ,,ii4 p4 #gbg7 t ,b>co*ba probably _h t "n because he 0 a native ( ,cocab1 a t[n or di/rict 9 ! c\ntry beyond ,jordan4 ,& ! reason :y he laid su* special /ress ^u t desc5t 01 t he s\ght a deep] mean+ 9 ?is agreem5t ( ! "n ( 8 bir?-place ) ! designation ( ! subject ( ! prophecy 9 ,numb4 xxiv4 ,moreov] ! supposition t1 by ! ,jews1 he 9 :om "s prophecy 0 fulfill$1 0 call$ ! son ( t prophecy2 t1 e4g41 ! ,messiah1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace 7 call$ ! ,son ( ! ,messiah1 c41 is n only de/itute ( all f\ndation1 b is1 ev5 9 itself1 mo/ improbable4 ,to ?is mu/ /ill be add$ ! consid]ation t ?is int]pretation ( ,b5-,nez] is oppos$ by ! con/ant int]pretation ( ! ,jews4 ,j>*i1 9 a gloss on t passage ( ! ,talmud ref]r$ to1 expla9s ,b5 ,nez] by3 ,he :o has come f ! t[n ( ,naz>e?4 ,ab>banel ,pg #ajh 9 8 book ,maj5ehaje%ua1 aft] hav+ quot$ f ,jalkut ,%imeoni ! passage 9 "q1 obs]ves3 ,rem>k well h[ !y h expla9$ ! little horn 9 ,daniel vii4 #h1 ( ! ,b5 ,nez] :o is ,jesus ! ,naz>5e4 ,f ! ,lexicon ,aru* :i* =ms a weighty au?ority1 ,buxtorf quotes3 ,hebrew3 ncr ncri hmqll ,nez]1 7or ,b5 ,nez]71 is ! accurs$ ,naz>5e4 ,f9ally--,x c\ld n well be suppos$ t ! ,jews1 9 a conte/ :]e !y heap ! mo/ obnoxi\s blasphemies on ,*ri/1 %\ld h giv5 ,him an hon\rable epi!t :i* !y _h simply receiv$ f ! ,*ri/ians4 #b4 ,! result :i* we h obta9$ is confirm$ by ! /atem5ts ( ,*ri/ian writ]s4 ,ev5 at ! "t ( ,eusebius 7,hi/4 ,eccles4 i4 #g71 & ( ,j]ome1 ! place 0 call$ ,naz>a4 ,! latt] says3 ,naz>e?3 !re exi/s up to ?is day 9 ,galilee a village opposite ,legio1 fifte5 miles to ! ea/ ( x1 ne> ,m\nt ,tabor1 call$ ,naz>a 7comp4 ,rel& i4 ,s4 #dig74 ,9 ,epi/ol4 xvii4 ad ,m>cellum he expressly id5tifies ! "n ) ,nez]1 by say+3 ,let u g to ,naz>e?1 & accord+ to a "r int]pretation ( t "n1 we %all see !re ! fl[] ( ,galilee4 #c4 ,to ?is may be add$1 t ! ,g5tilitia =m$ f ,naz>e? c be expla9$ only :5 ! ,hebrew3 t is n consid]$ z belong+ to ! orig9al =m ( ! "n4 ,=1 9 t case1 x mu/ necess>ily be f\nd aga9 9 ! ,g5tilitia1 j z1 e4g41 f ,hebrew3 entt we c\ld n by any means =m ,hebrew3 enti1 b only ,hebrew3 entti4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! two =ms ,greek3 ,nazraios & ,greek3 ,naz>nos only occur1 nev] ! =m ,greek3 ,naz>etaios4 ,giesel] has felt ! difficulty :i* ^! names pres5t to ! common hypo!sis1 b has endeav\r$ 7l4 c4 p4 #eib7 to remove !m by ! conjecture t ?is =m1 s v peculi>1 _h be5 co9$ by a consid]ation ( ,hebrew3 ncr :i* ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 accu/om$ to br+ into connection ) ,hebrew3 ncrt4 ,b ?is conjecture w\ld1 at mo/1 be admissible1 only if1 ) ! ,jews too1 ! =m ,hebrew3 ncri 7 n f\nd ?r\gh\t )\t a ,hebrew3 t1 & if ! ,arabic =m also 7 n entirely analog\s4#a ,pg #aji ,! "q n[ is3--,9 :at s5se 0 ,hebrew3 ncr assign$ z a nom5 proprium to a place 9 ,galilee8 ,c]ta9ly1 we mu/ at once reject ! supposition ( ,j]ome t ,naz>e? 0 ?us call$1 z be+ ! fl[] ( ,galilee1 p>tly because ,hebrew3 ncr nev] occurs 9 ?is signification2 p>tly because x is n conceivable t ! place receiv$ a "n :i* is due to x ,greek3 kat'anti phras9 only4 ,x is mu* m probable t ! place receiv$ ! "n on acc\nt ( its smallness3 a weak twig 9 contra/ to a /ately tree4 ,9 ?is signification ,hebrew3 ncr occurs 9 ,is4 xi4 #a1 xiv4 #ai1 & 9 ! ,talmudical usus loqu5di :]e ,hebrew3 ncrim signifies virgulta salicum decorticata1 vim9a ex quibus corbes fiunt4 ,!re 0 s mu* ! great] reason = giv+ ! place ?is "n t p _h ! symbol be=e _! eyes 9 its environs2 = ! *alk-hills ar\nd ,naz>e? are ov]-gr[n ) l[ bu%es 7comp4 ,burkh>dt ,,ii4 s4 #ehc74 ,t :i* ^! bu%es 7 :5 comp>$ ) ! /ately trees :i* adorn$ o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ,naz>e? 0 :5 comp>$ ) o!r cities4 ,?is nom5 giv5 to ! place on acc\nt ( its small beg9n+s1 resembl+1 9 ?is respect1 ! "n ( ,zo>1 i4e41 a small t[n1 01 at ! same "t1 an om5 ( its future condition4 ,! weak twig nev] grew up into a tree4 ,n[h]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t is ,naz>e? m5tion$1 probably because x 0 built only aft] ! return f ! captivity4 ,nei!r is x m5tion$ 9 ,josephus4 ,x 0 n1 l mo/ ( ! o!r t[ns 9 ,pale/9e1 ennobl$ by any recollection f ! old5 times4 ,yea1 z x w\ld appe>1 a special contempt 0 re/+ ^u x1 besides ! g5]al contempt 9 :i* all ,galilee 0 held2 j z e l& has "s place to :i* a disgrace atta*es1 :i* has (t5 be5 call$ =? by causes altoge!r trifl+4 ,?is appe>s n only f ! "q ( ,na?anael1 9 ,john i4 #dg3 ,c !re any good ?+ come out ( ,naz>e?8 b also f ! fact1 t f ! mo/ anci5t times ! ,jews ?\ght to inflict ^u ,*ri/ ! greate/ disgrace1 by call+ ,him ! ,naz>5e1 :il/1 9 lat] times1 ! disgrace :i* re/$ on all ,galilee ,pg #aaj 0 remov$ by ! circum/ance t ! mo/ celebrat$ ,jewi% academy1 t ( ,tib]ias1 belong$ to x4 ,let u n[ exam9e 9 h[ f> ,*ri/'s abode at ,naz>e? s]v$ ! purpose ( fulfill+ ! ,old ,te/am5t prophecy4 ,x is1 ?r\gh\t1 ! doctr9e ( ! prophets1 t ! ,messiah1 desc5d+ f ! family ( ,david1 sunk into utt] l[l9ess1 w\ld at fir/ appe> )\t any outw>d rank & dignity4 ,! fundam5tal type = all o!r passages "h conc]n$ is conta9$ 9 t passage ( ,is4 xi4 #a1 n[ "u consid]ation3 ,& !re come? =? a twig f ! /ump ( ,jesse1 & a bran* f 8 roots %all be> fruit1 :i* is /rik+ly illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ words ( ,qu5/$t1 9 8 ,diss]tatio de ,g]m9e ,jehovae1 9 ! ,!saurus !ol4 philol4 ,i4 p4 #ajae3 ,! /em ( ,jesse :i*1 f l[ beg9n+s1 01 9 ,david1 rais$ to ! glory ( royal maje/y1 %all !n n only be depriv$ ( all royal dignity1 & all outw>d spl5d\r :i* x receiv$ 9 ,david1 b %all aga9 h be5 r$uc$ to ! private condition 9 :i* x 0 be=e ,david2 s t x %all pres5t ! appe>ance ( a /em depriv$ ( all b\ghs & foliage1 & hav+ no?+ left b ! roots2 nev]!less out ( t /em ?us r$uc$ & cut (f1 &1 z x appe>$1 almo/ dry1 %all come =? a royal rod1 & out ( its roots %all gr[ ! twig ^u :om %all re/ ! ,_s ( ! ,"l1 c4 ,q 9 h>mony ) ?is1 x is said 9 *ap4 liii4 #b3 ,he grew up be=e ! ,"l z a t5d] twig1 & z a root out ( a dry gr\nd4 ,to ,hebrew3 ncr1 9 *ap4 xi41 corresponds ,hebrew3 ivnq 9 *ap4 liii42 to ,hebrew3 ,h,tr ! ,hebrew3 wrw2 to ! cut-(f /em ! dry l&1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 t by ! latt] designation1 ! l[ condition ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 g5]ally1 is indicat$2 b ,8 desc5t f ! family ( ,david sunk 9 l[l9ess1 is n specially po9t$ at !reby1 al?\gh x is necess>ily impli$ 9 x4 ,! same ?\ght is fur!r c>ri$ out 9 ,ezek4 xvii4 #bb-bd4 ,z ! desc5dant ( ! family ( ,david sank 9 l[l9ess1 ! ,messiah appe>s 9 t passage z a small t5d] twig :i* is tak5 by ! ,"l f a high c$>1 &1 be+ plant$ ^u a high m\nta91 gr[ls up into a l(ty tree1 "u :i* all ! f[ls dwell4 ,9 ,j]emiah & ,ze*>iah1 ! ,messiah1 ) ref]5ce to ! image ( a cut-(f tree us$ by ,isaiah1 is call$ ! ,spr\t ( ,david1 or simply ! ,spr\t2 ,pg #aaa comp>e rem>ks on ,ze*4 iii4 #h1 vi4 #ab4 ,all t is "h requir$ is c]ta9ly only to place beside "o ano!r1 on ! "o h&1 prophecy1 &1 on ! o!r1 hi/ory1 9 ord] cle>ly & evid5tly to po9t out ! fulfilm5t ( ! =m] 9 ! latt]4 ,x 0 n at ,j]usalem1 :]e !re 0 ! seat ( ,8 royal ance/or1 :]e !re 7 ! ?rones ( ,8 h\se 7comp4 ,ps4 cxxii471 t ! ,messiah took up 8 resid5ce2 b x 0 9 ! mo/ despis$ place ( ! mo/ despis$ prov9ce t1 by div9e ,provid5ce1 ,he receiv$ ,8 resid5ce1 aft] ! pr$ictions ( ! prophets _h be5 fulfill$ by ,8 hav+ be5 born at ,be?lehem4 ,! "n ( t place by :i* ,8 l[l9ess 0 designat$ 0 ! same z t by :i* ,isaiah _h designat$ ! l[l9ess ( ! ,messiah at ,8 appe>+4 ,we h hi!rto consid]$ prophecy & fulfilm5t indep5d5tly ( ! quotation by ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,let u n[ add a few rem>ks ^u ! latt]4 #a4 ,x seems n to h be5 )\t reason t ! wid] =mula ( quotation3 ,greek3 to rh!n dia tn prophtn is "h *os51 al?\gh ,j]ome inf]s too mu* f x :5 he rem>ks3 ,if he _h wi%$ to ref] to a di/9ct quotation f ,scripture1 he w\ld nev] h said3 ',z 0 spok5 by ! prophets1'b simply1 'z 0 said by ! prophet4',by us+ prophets 9 ! plural1 he %[s t x is ! s5se1 & n ! words :i* he has tak5 f ,scripture4 ,no d\bt ,/4 ,mat!w has "o passage *iefly 9 view--t 9 ,is4 xi4 #a1 :i*1 besides ! g5]al ann\ncem5t ( ! ,messiah's l[l9ess1 conta9s1 9 addition1 a special designation ( x :i* is f\nd aga9 9 ! nom5 & om5 ( 8 native place4 ,?is appe>s especially f ! circum/ance t1 if x 7 o!rwise1 ! quotation3 9 ,greek3 hoti ,nazraios kl?/ai1 w\ld be inexplicable1 s9ce x is v =c$ to suppose t ,naz>5e "h designates g5]ally "o l[ & despis$4#b ,b he *ose ! g5]al =mula ( ,pg #aab quotation 7comp4 ,g]sdorf1 ,beitrge zur ,spra**>act]i/ik #a4 ,s4 #acf71 9 ord] !reby to intimate t 9 ,*ri/'s resid5ce at ,naz>e? ^? prophecies1 too1 7 at ! same "t fulfill$1 :i*1 9 ! ess5tial po9t--9 ! ann\ncem5t ( ,*ri/'s l[l9ess--agree ) t ( ,isaiah4 ,b x is j ?is additional ref]5ce :i* %[s t1 to ,mat!w1 ?is 0 inde$ ! ess5tial po9t1 & t ! agreem5t ( ! "n ( ! t[n ) ! "n :i* ,*ri/ has 9 ,isaiah1 appe>s to him only z a rem>kable outw>d repres5tation ( ! close connection ( prophecy & fulfilm5t2 j z1 inde$1 e ?+ 9 ! life ( ,*ri/ appe>s to be br\ght ab\t by ! special direction ( ,div9e provid5ce4 #b4 ,! phrase ,greek3 hoti kl?setai likewise is expla9$ f ! circum/ance t ,mat!w does n re/rict himself to ! passage ,is4 xi4 #a1 b takes 91 at ! same "t1 all ^? o!r passages :i* h a simil> mean+4 ,f among !m1 x 0 f ,ze*4 vi4 #ab3 ,behold a man ^: "n is ! ,spr\t1 t ! phrase ,greek3 hoti kl?setai fl[$4 ,!re is h5ce no necessity = expla9+ ?is circum/ance solely f ! cu/om ( ! lat] ,jews1#c ( claim+ z ! names ( ! ,messiah all ^? expressions by :i*1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ,8 nature is designat$1 inasmu* z1 9 do+ s1 !y foll[$ ! cu/om ( ! prophets !mselves1 :o frequ5tly br+ =w>d z ! "n ( ! ,messiah t :i* is m]ely "o ( ,8 attributes4 ,?is hypo!sis is inadmissible1 because o!rwise x w\ld be difficult to po9t out any case 9 :i* ! ,evangeli/s _h n admix$ some?+ ( _! own ) a quotation :i* !y ann\nc$ z a lit]al "o4 ,pg #aac ,v]4 #b4 ,& ! ,_s ( ! ,"l re/e? ^u ,him1 ! ,_s ( wisdom & und]/&+1 ! ,_s ( c\nsel & might1 ! ,_s ( k & ( ! fe> ( ! ,"l4 ,! ,_s ( ! ,"l is ! g5]al1 ! pr9ciple2 & ! subsequ5t t]ms are ! s+le =ms 9 :i* he manife/s himself1 & works4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 9 a =mal po9t ( view1 ! ,_s ( ! ,"l is j co-ord9ate ) ! ,_s ( wisdom1 c4 ,"s1 inde$1 expla93 ! ,_s ( ,god1 :o is ! ,_s (1 c42 b t ?is is inadmissible appe>s ) suffici5t evid5ce f ! circum/ance t1 by su* a view1 ! sacr$ numb]1 sev51 is de/roy$1 :i*1 ) evid5t int5tion1 is complet$ 9 ! enum]ation2 comp>e ! sev5 spirits ( ,god 9 ,rev4 i4 #d4 ,to h ! ,_s is ! necess>y condition ( e important & effective m9i/ry 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 f :i* salvation is to come =?2 comp4 ,num4 xxvii4 #ah4 ,x is especially ! bless$ adm9i/ration ( ! regal (fice :i* dep5ds ^u ! possession ( ! ,_s2 comp4 #a ,sam4 xvi4 #ac ff4 :]e x is said ( ,david3 ,& ,samuel took ! horn ( oil & ano9t$ him3 & ! ,_s ( ! ,"l came ^u him f t day =w>d2 comp4 #a ,sam4 x4 #f1 #aj4 ,! circum/ance t ! ,_s ( ! ,"l re/e? ^u ! ,messiah does n =m a contradiction to ,8 div9e nature1 :i* is intimat$ by 8 be+ born ( ! ,virg91 *ap4 vii4 #ad1 by ! "n ,hebrew3 al gbvr 9 *ap4 ix4 #e1 & else:]e 7comp4 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #dij1 #dia71 & is witness$ ev5 9 ?is prophecy itself2 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! p\r+ out ( ! ,_s fully & n by measure 7,john iii4 #ci7 :i* is "h spok5 (1 implies ! div9e nature4 ,9 ord] to receive ! ,_s ( ,god 9 su* a measure t ,he c\ld baptize ) ! ,holy ,_s 7,john i4 #cc71 t out ( ,8 fulness all receiv$ 7,john i4 #af71 t1 9 consequ5ce ( ,8 fulness ( ! ,_s ov]fl[+ f ,him to ! ,*ur*1 ! e>? c\ld be fill$ ) ! k ( ! ,"l z ! wat]s cov]+ ! sea 7v]4 #i71 ,he c\ld n b be highly exalt$ above human nature4 ,x 0 j because !y rema9$ limit$ to ! insuffici5t sub/ratum ( human nature1 t ev5 ! be/ k+s1 t ev5 ,david1 ! man aft] ,god's own he>t1 receiv$ ! ,_s 9 a scanty measure only1 & 7 con/antly 9 dang] ( ,pg #aad los+ aga9 t :i* !y possess$1 z is %[n by ,david's pitiful pray]3 ,take n ?y ,holy ,_s f me 7,ps4 li4 #ac74 ,x 0 j = ?is reason1 !re=e1 t ! !ocracy possess$ 9 ! k+s a v suffici5t organ ( its realization1 & t ! /ream ( ! div9e bless+s c\ld n fl[ freely4 ,9 ,matt4 iii4 #af3 ,greek3 kai eide to pneuma t\ !\ kataba9on hsei p]i/]an kai er*om5on ep'auton1 x is n ! passage be=e u only :i* lies at ! f\ndation1 b also1 & inde$ pre-em95tly1 ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 xlii4 #a3 ,behold my ,s]vant :om ,i uphold1 m9e ,elect 9 :om my s\l delighte?2 ,i put my ,_s ^u ,him1 z is app>5t f ! circum/ance t x is to ?is passage t ! voice f heav5 ref]s 9 ,matt4 iii4 #ag3 ,greek3 h\tos e/9 ho huios m\ ho agaptos en h eudoksa4 ,b a ref]5ce to ! passage be=e u we meet mo/ decid$ly 9 ,john i4 #cb1 #cc3 ,greek3 ,te!amai to pneuma kataba9on hsei p]i/]an ex ouran\1 kai eme95 ep'auton4 ,kag ouk de9 auton4 all'ho pempsas me baptize9 en hudati1 eke9os moi eip54 eph'hon an ids to pneuma kataba9on kai m5on ep'auton1 h\tos e/9 ho baptizn en pneumati hagi4 ,! ^w ,hebrew3 nv,h1 :i* 9 ,numb4 xi4 #be also is us$ ( ! ,_s1 comb9es 9 itself bo? ! ,greek3 kataba9e9 & ! ,greek3 m5e92 x is requiesc]e4 ,z ! fulfilm5t ( ?is prophecy1 h[ev]1 we mu/ n look to t ev5t only :]e x receiv$ a symbolical repres5tation1 b also to ,acts ii4 #c3 ,greek3 kai ph?san autois diam]izom5ai glssai hsei puros1 eka?ise te eph'h5a heka/on autn2 comp4 #a ,pet4 iv4 #ad3 ,greek3 hote to ts doxs kai to t\ !\ pneuma eph'humas anapauetai 7?is mo/ exactly answ]s ,hebrew3 nv,h74 ,= x is n m]ely = himself t ,*ri/ "h receives ! ,_s2 b ,he receives ,him z ! trans=m+ pr9ciple = ! human race2 ,he is be/[$ ^u4 ,him z ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*4--,9 ! enum]ation ( ! =ms 9 :i* ! ,_s manife/s himself1 x 0 n ! int5tion ( ! ,prophet to set =? all ! p]fections ( ! ,messiah2 he r1 by way ( example1 m5tions "s only aft] hav+ compreh5d$ all ( !m 9 ! g5]al3 ,! ,_s ( ! ,"l4 ,?us1 e4g41 ju/ice1 :i* is m5tion$ imm$iately aft]w>ds 9 v]4 #e1 is omitt$ "h4--,! fir/ pair are wisdom & und]/&+4 ,wisdom is t excell5cy ( k :i* re/s on moral p]fection4 ,x is oppos$ to ,hebrew3 nblh1 fooli%ness 9 a moral s5se1 :i* may easily be comb9$ ) ! greate/ +5uity & clev]ness4 ,! excell5ce ( k re/+ ,pg #aae on a moral basis manife/s itself 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & preem95tly1 9 ! ,hebrew3 b9h1 und]/&+1 ! %>p & p5etrat+ eye :i* beholds ?+s z !y are1 & p5etrates f ! surface to _! hidd5 ess5ce1 undi/urb$ by ! d5se fogs ( false notions & illusions :i*1 9 ! case ( ! fool1 are =m$ by 8 lu/s & passions4 ,nei!r ( ^! attributes c1 9 its absolute p]fection1 be ! possession ( any mortal1 because ev5 9 ^? :o1 morally1 are mo/ advanc$1 !re ev] rema9s s91 &1 !re=e1 a d>k5+ ( ! k4--,! second pair1 c\nsel & might1 are1 j z 9 ! passage be=e u1 ascrib$ to ! ,messiah 9 *ap4 ix4 #e 7#f71 by ,8 receiv+ ! names ,wond]-,c\nsellor1 ,god-,h]o4 ,f *ap4 xxxvi4 #e x is se5 t1 = ! difficult circum/ances ( ! /ruggle1 c\nsel is ( no less consequ5ce ?an might4 ,! la/ pair1 k & fe> ( ! ,"l1 =m ! fundam5tal effect ( ! ,_s ( ! ,"l2 all ! great qualities ( ! s\l1 all ! gifts :i* are b5eficial = ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 re/ on ! intimacy ( ! connection ) ,god :i* manife/s itself 9 liv+ k & fe> ( ! ,"l2 ! latt] n be+ ! s]vile b ! filial fe>1 n oppos$ to love1 b its con/ant companion4 ,! ,prophet has put ?is pair at ! close1 only because he int5ds to connect ) x t :i* imm$iately foll[s4 ,we h already rem>k$ t ! ,_s ( ! ,"l1 c41 is be/[$ ^u ! ,messiah n = himself alone1 b z ! r5ovat+ pr9ciple ( ! ,*ur*4--,old ,te/am5t analogies & types are n want+ 9 ?is matt]4 ,moses puts ( 8 _s ^u ! sev5ty ,eld]s1 & ! _s ( ,elijah re/s on ,eli%a1 & likewise on ! :ole cr[d ( disciples :o ga!r$ ar\nd him 7#b ,k+s ii4 #i74 ,v]4 #c4 ,& ,he ha? ,8 delight 9 ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 & n aft] ! sight ( ,8 eyes do? ,he judge1 nor aft] ! he>+ ( ,8 e>s do? ,he decide4 ,we n[ le>n h[ ! glori\s gifts ( ! ,ano9t$1 describ$ 9 v]4 #b1 are display$ 9 ,8 gov]nm5t4 ,all attempts to br+ ! second & ?ird clauses "u ! same po9t ( view z ! fir/1 & to d]ive !m f ! same s\rce are 9 va94 ,t ,he has delight 9 ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 is ! consequ5ce ( ! ,_s ( k & ( ! fe> ( ! ,"l re/+ ^u ,him1--,he loves :at is cong5ial ,pg #aaf to ,8 own nature4 ,t ,he does n judge aft] ! sight ( ,8 eyes1 c41 is ! consequ5ce ( ,8 hav+ ! ,_s ( wisdom & und]/&+4 ,x is !reby t ,he is fre$ f ! n>r[ sup]ficiality :i* is natural to man1 & rais$ to ! sph]e ( t div9e cle>ness ( vision :i* p5etrates to ! dep?s1 ,hebrew3 hri,h ) ! accusative is to smell some?+2 ) ,hebrew3 b1 to smell at some?+1 to smell ) delight4 ,! fe> ( ! ,"l appe>s z some?+ ( a sweet sc5t to ! ,messiah4 ,! o!r explanations ( ! fir/ clause ab&on ! sure1 asc]ta9$ usus loqu5di 7comp4 ,exod4 xxx4 #ch2 ,levit4 xxvi4 #ca2 ,am4 v4 #ba71 &1 !re=e1 d n des]ve any m5tion4 ,on ! second & ?ird clauses #a ,sam4 xvi4 #g1 is to be comp>$3 ,& ! ,"l said unto ,samuel3 ,look n on 8 c\nt5ance1 or on ! height ( 8 /ature1 because ,i h refus$ him2 = n t :i* man looks at 7d ,i look at72 = man looke? on ! eyes 7&1 9 g5]al1 on ! outw>d appe>ance71 & ,i look on ! he>t4 ,x is especially ,john :o repeat$ly m5tions t ,*ri/ really possess$ ! gift "h assign$ to ,him1 ( judg+1 n f ! fir/ appe>ance1 & accord+ to untru/wor?y in=mation1 b ( p5etrat+ into ! inn]mo/ gr\nd ( ! facts & p]sons1 comp4 ii4 #bd1 #be3 ,greek3 autos de ,is\s1 ouk epi/eu5 heautn autois1 dia to auton g9ske9 pantas1 kai hoti ou *reian ei*5 h9a tis m>turs p]i t\ an?rp\4 autos g> eg9ske ti n h5 an?rp4 ,f>!r--*ap4 xxi4 #ag :]e ,pet] says to ,*ri/3 ,greek3 ,kurie su panta oidas4 su g9skeis hoti phil se4 ,f>!r1 i4 #dh1 #di2 iv4 #ah1 #ai2 vi4 #fd4 ,9 ,revel4 ii4 #bc1 ,*ri/ says3 ,& all ,*ur*es %all "k t ,i am ,he :i* se>*e? ! re9s & he>ts4 ,v]4 #d4 ,& ,he judge? 9 righte\sness ! l[ly1 & doe? ju/ice 9 equity to ! meek ( ! e>?1 & smite? ! e>? ) ! rod ( ,8 m\?1 & ) ! brea? ( ,8 lips ,he slaye? ! wick$4 ,! ,k+ %all be adorn$ ) p]fect ju/ice1 &1 9 ! ex]cise ( x1 be support$ by ,8 omnipot5ce1--diff]5tly f :at 0 ! case ) ,david1 :o1 = want ( p[]1 0 oblig$ to all[ he9\s crimes to pass unpuni%$ 7#b ,sam4 iii4 #ci74 ,j z by ! excell5cy ( ,8 w ,he is inf9itely exalt$ above all =m] rul]s1 s is ,he also by ! excell5cy ( might4 ,:]e1 z 9 ,8 case1 ! highe/ ,pg #aag might /&s 9 ! s]vice ( ! be/ w1 ! noble/ results mu/ come =?4 ,! fir/ two clauses ref] to ,ps4 lxxii41 :i* 0 writt5 by ,solomon1 & :]e1 9 v]4 #b1 x is said ( ,*ri/3 ,he %all judge ?y p 9 righte\sness1 & ?y l[ly ones 9 judgm5t1 & 9 v]4 #d3 ,he %all judge ! l[ly ( ?y p1 ,he %all save ! *ildr5 ( ! ne$y1 & %all break 9 pieces ! oppressors2 comp>e f>!r ,prov4 xxix4 #ad3 ,a k+ t 9 tru? judge? ! l[ly1 8 ?rone %all be e/abli%$ = ev]4 ,! e>? =ms ! contra/ to ! limit$ t]ritory :i* 0 hi!rto assign$ to ! !ocratic k+s4--,9 ! second "p ( ! v]se ,hebrew3 ar,c does n by any means /& 9 contra/ to ,hebrew3 dli,m & ,hebrew3 envi,m1 &1 9 p>allelism to ,hebrew3 rwe1 designate ! wick$ ones2 b ,hebrew3 ar,c e>? /&s 9 anti!sis to ! n>r[ t]ritory 9 :i* e>?ly k+s are p]mitt$ to disp5se law & ju/ice4 ,x is a matt] ( c\rse1 & is1 moreov]1 expressly /at$ 9 ! second clause1 t ! e>? comes into consid]ation ) a view to ^? only :o are objects ( ,8 judg+ activity4 ,f t :i* foll[s1 :]e *anges are spok5 ( :i* %all take place on ! :ole e>?1 x foll[s t ,hebrew3 ar,c mu/ be tak5 9 ! signification ( e>?4 & n ( l&4 ,h& 9 h& ) ! inf9ite ext5t ( ! ,k+'s ex]cise ( ju/ice goes also ! mann] ( x4 ,! :ole e>?1 & ! brea? ( ! m\?1 correspond ) "o ano!r4--,9 ! words ) ! rod ( ,8 m\?1 a tacit anti!sis lies at ! f\ndation4 ,z k+s /rike ) ! sceptre1 s ,he smite? ) ,8 m\?4--,hebrew3 wb,t1 ! ensign ( royal dignity1 is ! symbol ( ! :ole e>?ly p[]1 :i*1 be+ ext]nal & ex]cis$ by ext]nal means1 mu/ ne$s be limit$1 & insuffici5t = ! p]fect ex]cise ( ju/ice4 ,! ex]cise ( ju/ice on ! "p ( e>?ly k+s rea*es s f> only z _! h& arm$ ) ! smit+ sceptre4 ,b t great ,k+ is1 9 ! ex]cise ( ju/ice1 support$ by ,8 ,omnipot5ce4 ,he puni%es & de/roys by ,8 m]e ^w4 ,sev]al int]pret]s und]/& ?is z a m]e designation ( ,8 sev]ity 9 puni%+1--! rod ( ,8 m\? to be equival5t to sev]ity ( puni%m5t2--b t su* is n ! mean+ appe>s f ! foll[+ clause1 :]e likewise special weight is atta*$ to ! circum/ance t ! ,messiah inflicts puni%m5t by ,8 m]e ^w2 ! brea? ( ,8 lips is equival5t ,pg #aah to m]e words1 m]e comm&2 comp>e brea? ( ,8 m\?1 9 ,ps4 xxxiii4 #f4 ,hitzig's explanation1 ! angry brea? ( ,8 lips1 does n int]pret1 b int]polate4 ,9 ! future ,son ( ,david e ^w is1 at ! same "t1 a de$2 ,he speaks & x is done4 ,! same :i* is "h said ( ! ,messiah is1 9 o!r passages1 attribut$ to ,god3 comp>e ,job xv4 #cj1 :]e x is said ( ! wick$3 ,by ! brea? ( ,8 m\? he %all g away2 ,hos4 vi4 #e3 ,i h sla9 !m by ! ^w ( my m\?4 ,9 g5]al1 accord+ to ! prec$5t 9 ,g54 i41 do+ by ! m]e ^w is1 9 ,scripture1 ! *>act]i/ic designation ( ,div9e ,omnipot5ce4 ,p>allel is *ap4 xlix4 #b1 :]e ,*ri/ says3 ,& ,he ha? made my m\? l a %>p sword1 equival5t to3 ,he has end[$ me ) ,8 ,omnipot5ce1 s t my ^w also ex]cises de/ructive effect1 j z ,84 ,9 ,rev4 i4 #af1 x is said ( ,*ri/3 ,& out ( ,8 m\? w5t a %>p two-edg$ sword1--to designate ! de/ructive p[] ( ,8 ^w borne by ,omnipot5ce1 ! omnipot5t punitive p[] ( ,*ri/ aga9/ enemies1 bo? int]nal & ext]nal4 ,an in/ance ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,*ri/ smites by ! ^w ( ,8 m\? is (f]$ by ,acts v4 #c 7:]e1 accord+ to ! analogy ( ! ^w spok5 9 ! "n ( ,god by ,elijah1 #b ,k+s i4 #aj1 #ab1 & by ,eli%a1 #b ,k+s ii4 #bd1 v4 #bg1 ! ,apo/les are to be consid]$ only z ,8 in/rum5ts73 ,greek3 ak\n de ,ananias t\s log\s t\t\s pesn exepsuxe1 comp4 v]4 #aj2 xiii4 #aa4 ,! ,*aldee translates3 ,& by ! ^w ( ,8 lips wick$ ,armillus %all die4 ,he ref]s ,hebrew3 rwe n to ! ideal p]son ( ! wick$1 b to an individual1 ,armillus1 7,greek3 ermolaos1 correspond+ to ! "n ( ,balaam1 comp\nd$ ( ,hebrew3 ble dev\r+1 de/ruction1 & ,hebrew3 e,m p7 ! =midable1 la/ enemy ( ! ,jews :o %all c>ry on sev]e w>s ) !m1 slay ! ,messiah b5 ,joseph1 b at l5g? be sla9 by ! ,messiah b5 ,david ) a m]e ^w1 comp>e ,buxtorf1 ,lex4 ,*ald4 cap4 #bba-bbd3 ,eis5m5g]1 entdecktes ,jud5?um ii4 ,s4 #gje ff4 ,9 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #h1 9 ! description ( ,anti*ri/'s de/ruction by ,*ri/3 ,greek3 hon ho ,kurios ,is\s analsei t pneumati t\ /omatos aut\1 !re is an int5tional & significant allusion to ! passage be=e u1 ,anti*ri/ !re be+1 l ,hebrew3 rwe "h1 an ideal p]son2 = ! argum5ts 9 pro(1 see my ,comm5t1 on ,revelation1 vol4 ii4 ,v]4 #e4 ,& righte\sness is ! girdle ( ,8 lo9s1 & fai?fulness ! girdle ( ,8 re9s4 ,pg #aai ,righte\sness & fai?fulness are 9 a simil> mann] connect$ 9 #a ,sam4 xxvi4 #ac 78 ,prov4 xii4 #ag74 ,fai?fulness is tru/wor?9ess4 ,! po9t ( comp>ison ) ! girdle is ! clos5ess ( ! union2 comp4 ,ps4 cix4 #ai2 ,j]4 xiii4 #a1 #b1 #aa4 ,9 v]4 #f1 ! ,prophet passes f ! p]son ( ! glori\s ,k+ to a description ( ,8 ,k+dom4 ,) reg>d to v]4 #f-h1 ! "q arises1 :e!r ! description is to be und]/ood figuratively or lit]ally2 :e!r ! ,prophet int5ds to describe ! cessation ( all ho/ility among m51 or :e!r he expect$ t1 9 ! ,messianic "t1 ev5 among ! irrational creation1 all ho/ility & de/ruction1 e ?+ p]nici\s 0 to cease4 ,mo/ ( ! anci5t int]pret]s are atta*$ to ! =m] view4 ,?us ,!odoret says3 ,9 a figurative mann]1 "u ! image ( dome/icat$ & wild animals1 ! ,prophet taught ! *ange ( ! habits ( m54 ,he ref]s e ?+ to ! union1 )9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ( ^? :o1 9 _! natural condition1 liv$ f> sep>at$ f "o ano!r1 & 9 ho/ility ! "o to ! o!r4 ,j]ome consid]s ! opposite view z ev5 a species ( h]esy4 ,he says3 ,! ,jews & ! ,judaiz]s among ourselves ma9ta9 t all ?is %all be fulfill$ accord+ to ! lett]2 t 9 ! light ( ,*ri/ :o1 !y believe1 %all come at ! end ( ! days1 all bea/s %all be r$uc$ to tam5ess1 s t ! wolf1 giv+ up its =m] f]ocity1 %all dwell ) ! lamb1 c4 ,^u ! :ole1 he /ates ! s5se 9 ! same mann] z ,!odoret1 f :om he sometimes diff]s 9 ! allegorical explanation ( ! details only4 ,9 a simil> mann] ,lu!r also expla9s x1 :o1 e4g41 on v]4 #f1 ! wolf %all dwell ) ! lambs1 etc4 rem>ks3 ,b ^! are allegories by :i* ! ,prophet intimates t ! tyrants1 ! self-righte\s & p[]ful ones 9 ! _w1 %all be conv]t$1 & be receiv$ into ! ,*ur*4 ,calv9 says3 ,by ^! images1 ! ,prophet indicates t1 among ! p ( ,*ri/ !re w be no disposition = injur+ "o ano!r1 nor any f]ocity or inhumanity4 ,! circum/ance t ! use ( animal symbolism is widely spread ?r\gh\t ,scripture is 9 fav\r ( ?is int]pretation4 ,"o may1 e4g4 comp>e ,ps4 xxii41 :]e ! enemies ( ! righte\s are repres5t$ "u ! image ( dogs1 lions1 bulls1 & unicorns2 ,pg #abj ,j]4 v4 #f1 :]e1 by lion1 wolf1 & leop>d1 ! k+doms ( ! _w :i* are de/ructive to ! p ( ,god are designat$2 ! f\r bea/s 9 ,dan4 vii42 b especially ,is4 xxxv4 #i3 ,!re 7on ! way ( salvation :i* ! ,"l %all1 9 ! future1 op5 up = ,8 p7 %all n be a lion1 nor %all any rav5\s bea/ g up !reon1--:]e ! rav5\s bea/s are ! repres5tatives ( ! _w's p[]1 ho/ile to ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,nev]!less1 ! lit]al int]pretation1 def5d$ by sev]al ,jewi% expositors1 ma9ta9s an und5iable pref]5ce4 ,9 fav\r ( x are ! foll[+ argum5ts3 #a4 ,! circum/ance t x is impossible to c>ry ?r\gh1 9 ! details1 ! figurative int]pretation2 & x is by ?is t our passage is di/+ui%$ f all ! o!r passages 9 :i* ! wild1 cruel1 & de/ructive t5d5cies 9 ! human sph]e appe> "u ! images ( _! repres5tatives 9 ! animal _w4 ,! supposition t we h "h be=e u only a poetical enl>gem5t ( ! ?\ght t all evil %all cease 7,h5dew]k1 ,knobel71 removes ! b\nd>ies :i* sep>ate prophecy f poetry4 #b4 ,! p>allelism ) ! condition ( ! creation be=e ! fall1 z x is describ$ to u by ,holy ,scripture4 ,x is c]ta9ly n )\t reason t1 9 ! acc\nt ( ! creation1 s mu* emphasis is laid on ! circum/ance t all :i* 0 creat$ 0 good4 ,?is implies a condition ( ! irrational creation diff]5t f :at x is n[2 = 9 its pres5t /ate x gives u a fai?ful copy ( ! fir/ fall1 inasmu* z e he9\s vice has its symbols & repres5tatives 9 ! animal k+dom4 ,accord+ to ,g54 ii4 #ai1 #bj1 ! animals recognize 9 ,adam _! "l & k+1 peaceably ga!r ar\nd him1 & receive _! names f him4 ,accord+ to ,g54 i4 #cj1 grass only 0 assign$ to animals = _! food2 ! :ole animal _w bore ! image ( ! innoc5ce & peace ( ! fir/ man1 & 0 n yet p]vad$ by ! law ( mutual de/ruction4 ,:]e !re 0 n a ,ca91 nei!r 0 !re a lion4 ,! s]p5t has n yet its disgu/+ & horrible figure1 & fe>lessly m5 h int]c\rse ) x2 comp4 ,vol4 i4 p4 #ae1 #af4 ,b ! influ5ce ( s9 p]vad$ & p5etrat$ ! :ole nature1 & cov]$ x ) a curse 7comp4 ,g54 iii4 #ag-ai72 s t x n only be>s evid5ce to ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 b also to ! exi/5ce ( s94 ,pg #aba ,n[1 z x is by s9 t outw>d discord1 & cont5tion1 & de/ruction arose 9 ! irrational creature1 s we may also expect t1 :5 ! cause has be5 remov$1 ! effect too w disappe>2 t1 ) ! cessation ( ! discord & enmity among m51 :i*1 accord+ to v]4 #i1 ! ,prophet expect$ ( ! ,messianic "t1 discord & enmity 9 ! animal _w w cease also4 ,9 ! individual features1 ! ,prophet seems ev5 di/9ctly to ref] to ! hi/ory ( ! creation2 comp>e v]4 #g3 ,! lion %all eat /raw l ! ox1 ) ,g54 i4 #cj2 v]4 #h3 ! suck+ *ild %all play on ! hole ( ! asp1 ) ,g54 iii4 #ae4 #c4 ,! comp>ison ( o!r passages ( ,scripture1 accord+ to :i* likewise ! reflection ( ! evil 9 ! irrational creation %all cease1 aft] ! evil has be5 remov$ f ! rational creation2 comp>e *ap4 lxv4 #be1 lxvi1 #bb2 ,matt4 xix4 #bh1 :]e ! ,"l speaks ( ! ,greek3 pal+5esia1 ! return ( ! :ole e>?ly creation to its orig9al condition2 b especially ,rom4 viii4 #ai ff4--t classical passage ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* is really p>allel to ! passage be=e u4 #d4 ,a subord9ate argum5t is /ill (f]$ by ! p>allel descriptions ( hea!n writ]s4 ,f ! passages collect$ by ,cl]icus1 ,l[?1 & ,ges5ius1 we quote a few only4 ,9 ! description ( ! gold5 age1 ,virgil says1 ,ecl4 iv4 #ba sqq42 v4 #fj3 ,occidet et s]p5s et fallax h]ba v55i occidet4--,nec magnos metu5t arm5ta leones4--,nec lupus insidias pecori4 ,horat4 ,epod4 xiv4 #ec3 ,nec vesp]t9us circumgemit ursus ovile nec intumescit alta vip]is humus4--,!ocrit4 ,idyll4 xxiv4 #hd4 ,utt]ances su* z ^! %[ h[ unnatural ! pres5t condition ( ! e>? is4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 n s mu* to be reg>d$ z ! rema9s ( "s outw>d tradition 7aga9/ su* a supposition x is decisive t !y occur *iefly ) poets71 b r z utt]ances ( an inde/ructible long+ 9 man1 :i*1 be+ s deeply root$ 9 human nature1 conta9s 9 itself ! gu>antee ( be+ gratifi$ at "s future p]iod4 ,b1 ) all ?is1 we mu/ d ju/ice to ! objection drawn f ! evid5t p>allelism ( passages su* z *ap4 xxxv4 #i1 & to ano!r objection advanc$ by ,vitr+a1 t x is /range t !re is s mu* spok5 ( animals1 & s little ( m54 ,?is we %all d by rem>k+ t1 9 ! description ( ! glori\s effects :i* ! gov]nm5t ( ,*ri/ %all produce on ! e>?1 ! ,prophet at once proce$s to ! utmo/ limit ( ,pg #abb !m2 & t ! removal ( ho/ility & de/ruction f ! irrational creation implies t all t w be remov$ :i*1 9 ! rational creation1 proce$s f ! pr9ciple ( hatr$1 inasmu* z x is c]ta9 t ! =m] is only a reflection ( ! latt]1 & t ! ,prophet speaks ) a di/9ct ref]5ce to ?is supposition :i* he aft]w>ds1 9 v]4 #i1 di/9ctly expresses4 ,h5ce1 to a c]ta9 degree1 a d\ble s5se takes place2 &1 9 ! ma91 ,j4 ,h4 ,mi*aelis has hit ! "r by comp>+1 fir/1 ,g54 i4 & ,rom4 viii41 & !n cont9u+3 ,p>abolically1 h[ev]1 by ! wild bea/s1 wild & cruel nations are und]/ood1 :i* are to be conv]t$ to ,*ri/2 or viol5t m5 :o1 by ! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 are r5d]$ meek & g5tle1 j z ,paul1 f a wolf1 0 *ang$ into a lamb4 ,we are ! less p]mitt$ to lose sight ( ! ref]5ce to ! lions & be>s on ! spiritual t]ritory1 t v]4 #f is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 connect$ ) v]s4 #d & #e1 9 :i* ! all-p[]ful sway ( ,*ri/'s ju/ice on e>? is describ$1 ( :i* ! consequ5ces mu/1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 appe> 9 ! human t]ritory2 &1 f>!r1 t ! po9t f :i* ! prophecy />t$1 is ! rag+ ( ! wolf & be> ( ! _w's p[] aga9/ ! poor def5celess flock ( ! ,"l4 ,v]4 #f4 ,& ! wolf dwelle? ) ! lamb1 & ! leop>d %all lie d[n ) ! kid1 ! calf1 &1 ! lion & ! fatl+ toge!r1 & a little *ild leads !m4 ,v]4 #g4 ,! c[ & be> g to ! pa/ure2 _! "y ones lie d[n toge!r2 & ! lion %all eat /raw l ! ox4 7,! go+ to pa/ure ( ! be> corresponds ) ! lion's eat+ /raw comp4 ,g54 i4 #cj1 & we are n all[$ to supply ! toge!r 9 ! fir/ clause47 ,v]4 #h4 ,& ! suck+ *ild playe? on ! hole ( ! asp1 & ! wean$ *ild putte? 8 h& into ! d5 ( ! basilisk4 ,! *ange 9 ! irrational creation describ$ 9 ! prec$+ v]ses is a consequ5ce ( ! removal ( s9 9 ! rational creation2 ?is removal ! ,prophet n[ proce$s to describe4 ,v]4 #i4 ,!y %all n d evil1 & %all n s9 9 all my holy m\nta91 = ! e>? is full ( ! k ( ! ,"l1 z ! wat]s cov]+ ! sea4 ,pg #abc ,! subject are ! dwell]s 9 ! ,holy ,m\nta94 ,! ,holy ,m\nta9 c1 accord+ to ! usus loqu5di1 be ,m\nt ,zion only1 & n1 z 0 la/ ma9ta9$ by ,h(mann1 ! :ole l& ( ,canaan1 :i* is nev] designat$ 9 t mann]2 comp4 *ap4 xxvii4 #ac1 & my ,comm5t>y on ,ps4 lxxviii4 #ed4 ,! second "p ( ! v]se1 connect$ ) ! fir/ by means ( =1 agrees ) ! fir/ only 9 ! ev5t t ,m\nt ,zion is view$ z ! spiritual dwell+ place ( ! inhabitants ( ! e>?1 j z1 "u ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation1 x 0 ! ideal dwell+ place ( all ! ,israelites1 ev5 ( ^? :o outw>dly _h n _! resid5ce at ,j]usalem2 on ! spiritual dwell+ ( ! s]vants ( ! ,"l ) ,him 9 ! temple1 comp>e rem>ks on ,ps4 xxvii4 #d1 xxxvi4 #i1 lxv4 #e1 lxxxiv4 #c1 & o!r passages4 ,9 *ap4 ii4 #b-d1 lxvi4 #bc1 ! ,holy ,m\nta91 too1 appe>s z ! c5tre ( ! :ole e>? 9 ! ,messianic "t4 ,f *ap4 xix4 #bj1 #ba1 :]e1 9 ! mid/ ( conv]t$ ,egypt1 an alt> is built1 & sacrifices are (f]$ up1 x appe>s t x is ?is 9 an ideal s5se only1 t "u its image ! ,*ur* is meant4 ,! designation1 my ,holy ,m\nta91 intimates t ! /ate ( ?+s hi!rto1 :5 unhol9ess prevail$ 9 ! ,k+dom ( ! ,holy ,god1 is an unnatural "o2 t at "s future p]iod ! idea necess>ily mu/ manife/ its p[] & "r 9 opposition to ! reality4--,9 ! second clause1 ! gr\nd & f\nta9 ( ?is s9lessness is /at$4 ,9 ,zion1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 !re w !n be no m any s9s2 = ! e>? is !n full ( ! k ( ! ,"l1 by :i* ! s9s are done away )4 ,! g5]al outp\r+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ =ms "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,messianic "t2 & ! consequ5ce ( ?is outp\r+ is1 accord+ to v]4 #b1 ! k ( ! ,"l1--s t ! clause may be ?us p>aphras$3 ,=1 9 consequ5ce ( ! ,_s p\r$ out1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ^u ,him1 ! e>? is full ( ! k ( ! ,"l2 comp4 *ap4 xxxii4 #ae3 ,until ! ,_s be p\r$ ^u u f on high2 liv4 #ac2 ,joel iii4 #a2 ii4 #bh2 ,j]4 xxxi4 #cd1 ,t ,hebrew3 har,c is "h n ! l&1 or c\ntry1 b ! e>? is suffici5tly evid5t f ! anti!sis ( ! sea3 z ! sea is full ( wat]1 s ! e>? is full ( ! k ( ! ,"l4 ,to ?is ,pg #abd reason x may /ill be add$ t 9 v]s4 #f-h *anges are spok5 (1 :i* conc]n ! :ole t]ritory ( ! e>?ly creation1 ! ,greek3 pal+5esia ( ! :ole e>?4 ,z ! relation ( ^! *anges to t :i* is /at$ "h is t ( cause & effect1 "h1 too1 ! :ole e>? c only be ?\ght ( ,f9ally1--,! foll[+ v]se too supposes ! spread+ ( salvation ov] ! :ole e>?4 ,! entire relation ( ! fir/ section to ! second & ?ird makes x obvi\s t by ,hebrew3 har,c ! :ole e>? is to be und]/ood4 ,! passage "u consid]ation is allud$ to 9 ,hab4 ii4 #ad3 ,= ! e>? %all be fill$ ) ! k ( ! glory ( ! ,"l z ! wat]s cov]+ ! sea4 ,9 t passage1 ! en=c$ k ( ! ,div9e glory :i* manife/s itself 9 punitive ju/ice1 =ms ! subject ( disc\rse2 b t en=c$ k =ms ! necess>y condition ( ! k :i* is volunt>y & sav+4 ,v]4 #aj4 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 ! root ( ,jesse :i* /&e? = an ensign to ! p1 x %all ! ,g5tiles seek1 & ,8 re/ is glory4 ,! words1 & x %all come to pass1 introduce a new section2 s t ! int]val 9 ! ,hebrew manuscripts is "h q 9 its place4 ,) v]4 #aa aga91 a new section beg9s4 ,9 v]4 #a-i we h ! appe>ance ( ! ,messiah 9 relation to ! :ole e>?2 !n1 9 ! second section1 ! way 9 :i* he becomes a c5tre to ! :ole ,g5tile _w2 & 9 v]4 #aa ff41 :at ,he grants to ! old cov5ant-p1 = :om ! ,prophet 01 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 prophesy+1 & ^: future he !re=e describes m 9 detail4 ,:y ,8 relation to ! ,g5tile _w is fir/ spok5 ( appe>s f v]4 #ab2 ! ,g5tiles ga!r$ to ! ,"l are ! m$ium ( ,8 salvation to ! old cov5ant-p4--,! root designates "h 7& likewise 9 *ap4 liii4 #b71 & 9 ! passages f\nd$ ^u ?is1 viz41 9 ,rev4 v4 #e1 xxii4 #af1 ! product ( ! root1 t :]eby ! root manife/s itself1 ! %oot f ! root2 j z se$ s v (t5 occurs = product ( ! se$4 ,?is appe>s f a comp>ison ) v]4 #a1 :]e1 m fully1 ! ,messiah is call$ a twig f ,jesse's roots4 ,b5gel has already direct$ att5tion to ! anti!sis ( ! root & ensign1 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,rom4 xv4 #ab3 ,a sweet anti!sis3 ! root is und]mo/1 ,pg #abe ! ensign rises upp]mo/2 s t ev5 ! nations f>!/ (f may behold x4--,hebrew3 drw ) ,hebrew3 l1 ,hebrew3 al1 & ,hebrew3 at1 has ! signification to apply to ! true ,god1 or "s imag9>y god1 9 ord] to seek protection1 help1 c\nsel1 advice1 disclosures reg>d+ ! future2 comp4 ,is4 viii4 #ai2 ,deut4 xii4 #d1 #e1 & o!r passages 9 ,ges5ius',!saurus4 ,! ,g5tiles feel t !y _c d )\t ! ,r$eem]2 !y see1 at ! same "t1 ,8 ri*es & _! pov]ty2 & ?is k urges !m on to seek ,him1 t f him !y may obta9 light 7*ap4 xlii4 #f71 t ,he may communicate to !m ,8 law 7*ap4 xlii4 #d71 t he may tea* !m ( ,8 ways1 & t !y may walk 9 ,8 pa?s 7*ap4 ii4 #c71 c4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 ,rom4 xv4 #ab1 foll[+ ! ,,lxx41 has ,greek3 ep'aut e?n elpi\si1 :i*1 z reg>ds ! s5se1 fully agrees ) ! orig9al4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! seek+ took place :5 ! repres5tatives ( ! ,g5tile _w1 ! ,maji f ! ,ea/1 came to ,j]usalem1 say+3 ,:]e is ,he t is born ,k+ ( ! ,jews8 ,= we h se5 ,8 /> 9 ! ,ea/ & are come to wor%ip ,him1 ,matt4 ii4 #b4 ,! hi/orical f\ndation & ! type are ! homage :i*1 f ! ,g5tile _w1 0 (f]$ to ,solomon1 #a ,k+s x4--,hebrew3 mnv,hh re/+ place1 dwell+ place1 habitation2 comp4 ,ps4 cxxxii4 #ac1 #ad3 ,= ! ,"l ha? *os5 ,zion2 ,he ha? desir$ x = ,8 habitation4 ,?is is my re/ 7,hebrew3 mnv,hti7 = ev]2 "h w ,i dwell1 = ,i h desir$ x4 ,! glory ( ! ,k+ passes ov] to ,8 resid5ce to :i* ! ,g5tile _w are fl[+ toge!r1 9 ord] to d homage to ,him2 ,comp4 ,ps4 lxxii4 #aj3 ,! k+s ( ,t>%i% & ( ! isles %all br+ pres5ts2 ! k+s ( ,%eba & ,seba %all (f] gifts4 ,! comp>ison ( ?is passage alone is suffici5t to refute ! absurd int]pretation1 accord+ to :i* ,hebrew3 emi,m & ,hebrew3 gvi,m are ref]r$ to ! ,israeliti% tribes1--an int]pretation :i* has be5 tri$ ) z little success 9 ! fundam5tal passage 7,g54 xlix4 #aj71 accord+ to :i* ! ,hebrew3 emi,m are to adh]e to ,%iloh2 comp>e ,vol4 i4 p4 #fb4 ,v]4 #aa3 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 ! ,"l %all cont9ue a second "t ) ,8 h& to ransom ! remnant ( ,8 p :i* has rema9$ f ,as%ur & f ,egypt1 f ,patros & f ,cu%1 f ,elam & f ,%9>1 f ,hama? & f ! isl&s ( ! sea4 ,pg #abf ,f ! ,g5tiles1 ! ,prophet n[ turns to ,israel4 ,! reception ( ! ,g5tiles into ! ,messianic ,k+dom is n by any means to take place at ! exp5se ( ! old cov5ant-p2 ev5 !y %all be br\ght back aga91 & %all be receiv$ into ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,hebrew3 ivsi,p mu/ be connect$ ) ,hebrew3 lqnvt1 comp4 #b ,sam4 xxiv4 #a3 ,& ! ,"l cont9u$ to kill1 ,hebrew3 lhrg4 ,x is unnecess>y & arbitr>y to supply ,hebrew3 lwl,h4 ,hebrew3 idv is ,accusative1 z to ,8 h&1 equival5t to ) ,8 h&2 comp4 ,ps4 iii4 #e1 xvii4 #aj1 #aa1 #ac1 #ad4 ,j ! h& ( ,god1 :i* "h comes into consid]ation z ! in/rum5t ( do+1 is repeat$ly m5tion$ 9 ! acc\nt ( ! deliv]ance f ,egypt2 comp4 ,exod4 iii4 #bj1 vii4 #d1 xiii4 #i4 ,! expression3 ,he %all cont9ue1 9 g5]al1 po9ts out ! idea t x is n a new beg9n+ :i* is "h conc]n$1 b ! cont9uation ( =m] act+1 by :i* believ+ 0 r5d]$ s mu* ! m easy4 ,! expression1 a second "t1 po9ts m di/9ctly to ! type ( ! deliv]ance f ,egypt ) :i* ! r$emption to be effect$ by ,*ri/ is frequ5tly p>allel$2 comp4 v]s4 #ae1 #af2 ,vol4 i4 p4 #bah1 #bai4 ,f ,as%ur1 c41 mu/ n be connect$ ) ,hebrew3 lqnvt1 b ) ,hebrew3 iw>1 comp4 v4 #af1 ^? :o h rema9$ f ,as%ur1 c41 i4e41 ^? :om ,as%ur & ! o!r places ( puni%m5t1 ) _! ho/ile influ5ces1 h left1 :o h be5 pres]v$ 9 !m4 ,! fact t de/ructive influ5ces may proce$ f ^? nations also :i* d n prop]ly belong to ! numb] ( ! k+doms ( ! _w1 is pla9ly %[n by ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews aft] ,*ri/4 ,x w\ld be aga9/ ! acc5ts1 bo? "h & 9 v]4 #f1 to connect x ) ,hebrew3 lqnvt2 ! words :i* %all rema9 w\ld1 9 t case1 appe> to be r$undant2 &1 f>!r1 x is oppos$ by ,exod4 x4 #c3 ,& eats ! residue ( t :i* is escap$1 :i* rema9e? unto y f ! hail1 equival5t to2 :i* ! hail has left to y4 ,simil> to ?is is #b ,*ron4 xxx4 #f1 :]e ,hezekiah exhorts ! *ildr5 ( ,israel3 ,turn aga9 unto ! ,"l4444 9 ord] t ,he may aga9 return to ! remnant :i* has be5 left to y f ! h& ( ! k+s ( ,as%ur4 ,a "q "h arises1 viz41 :e!r ! disp]sion ( ,israel :i* is "h describ$1 _h already tak5 place at ! "t ( ! ,prophet1 or :e!r ! ,prophet1 transf]r+ himself 9 ! ,_s into ,pg #abg ! di/ant future1 describes ! disp]sion :i* took place at a lat] p]iod1 aft] ! c>ry+ away ( ! t5 tribes into ! ,assyrian exile _h prec$$1 viz41 t :i* took place :5 ,judah 0 c>ri$ away into ! ,babyloni% exile1 & especially aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 ,! latt] view is ! correct "o4 ,! :ole t5or ( ! ,prophet's words %[s t he supposes a compreh5sive disp]sion ( ! p4 ,x is true t1 at ! "t :5 ! prophecy 0 writt51 ! t5 tribes _h already be5 c>ri$ away into captivity2 b ! k+dom ( ,judah1 ! subjects ( :i*1 accord+ to v]4 #ab1 likewise appe> z be+ 9 ! disp]sion1 _h n yet suff]$ any important desolation4 ,! few inhabitants ( ,judah :o1 accord+ to ,joel iv4 #f1 7iii4 #f71 & ,amos i4 #f1 #i1 _h be5 sold z slaves by ! ,phili/9es & ,phoenicians1 & o!rs1 :o1 x may be1 9 h>d times _h spontane\sly fl$ f _! native c\ntry1 _c "h come into consid]ation4 ,j z "h1 s by ,hosea too1 ! future c>ry+ away ( ! inhabitants ( ,judah is anticipat$2 comp4 vol4 i41 p4 #bai1 #bbj4 ,! fundam5tal passage is 9 ,deut4 xxx4 #c1 #d1 :]e ! ga!r+ ( ,israel is promis$ f all ! nations :i!r ! ,"l ?y ,god has scatt]$ !e4 ,if any ( ?9e be driv5 out into ! utmo/ p>ts ( heav51 f !nce w ! ,"l ?y ,god ga!r !e1 & f !nce w ,he fet* !e4 ,?is passage %[s ) :at cle>ness ! future scatt]+ lay be=e ! eyes ( ! holy m51 ev5 at ! fir/ beg9n+s ( ! p ( ,god4 ,9 v]s4 #aa & #ab we h ! summ>y ( ! :ole ( ! second "p ( ,isaiah1 9 :i* ! ann\ncem5t ( ,israel's be+ ga!r$ & br\ght back is con/antly repeat$2 & x is q incompreh5sible h[ "s grant ! g5u95ess ( ! prophecy be=e u1 & yet br+ =w>d1 aga9/ ?is second "p ( ,isaiah1 ! argum5t t ! ,prophet c\ld n suppose ! scatt]+1 t x mu/ really h tak5 place1 s9ce he simply ann\nces _! be+ br\ght back4--,z reg>ds ! r$emption f ! scatt]+1 all t :i* 9 hi/ory is realis$ 9 a s]ies ( ev5ts1 is "h unit$ 9 "o view4 ,!re is no reason = exclud+ ! deliv]ance "u ,z]ubbabel2 = x1 too1 0 already grant$ = ! sake ( ,*ri/1 ^: inc>nation ! ,prophet anticipates 9 fai?2 comp4 rem>ks on *aps4 vii41 ix4 ,?is r$emption1 ,pg #abh h[ev]1 9 :i* ^? :o h be5 br\ght back rema9 s]vants 9 ! l& ( ! ,"l1 c be consid]$ z only a prelude to ! true "o2 comp4 vol4 i41 p4 #bbj f4 #ddh4 ,! true fulfilm5t began ) ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/1 & is /ill go+ on t[>ds its completion1 :i* c take place ev5 )\t ,israel's return+ to ,canaan1 comp4 vol4 i41 p4 #bbb4 ,as%ur op5s ! li/1 & occupies ! pr9cipal place1 because x 0 ?r\gh him :o1 "u ! v eyes ( ! ,prophet1 _h c>ri$ away ! t5 tribes1 t ! disp]sion began4 ,b ! ,prophet does n limit himself to t :i* 0 obvi\s1--did n expect1 f ! ,messiah1 only ! heal+ ( already exi/+ hurts4--,) ,as%ur1 ,egypt is connect$ 9 "o pair4 ,egypt is ! ,african _w's p[] /ruggl+ = dom9ion ) ! ,asiatic4 ,its l& s]ves n only z a refuge to ^? oppress$ by ! ,asiatic _w's p[] 7comp4 ,j]4 xlii4 ff471 b1 9 t /ruggle ) ! ,asiatic p[]1 itself invades & oppresses ! l&2 comp4 *ap4 vii4 #ah2 #b ,k+s xxiii4 #bi ff43 ,9 8 days ,ph>aoh ,ne*o1 k+ ( ,egypt1 w5t up aga9/ ! k+ ( ,assyria4 ,9 a simil> connection1 ,as%ur & ,egypt1 ! k+doms on ! ,euphrates & ! ,nile1 appe> 9 *ap4 xxvii4 #ac3 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 t a great trumpet is bl[n1 & !y come1 ! p]i%+ ones 9 ! l& ( ,as%ur1 & ! outca/s 9 ! l& ( ,egypt1 & wor%ip ! ,"l 9 ! holy m\nt at ,j]usalem2 ,micah vii4 #ab2 ,j]4 ii4 #ah2 ,lam4 v4 #f4 ,z annex$ to ,egypt1 ! second pair pres5ts itself1 repres5t+ ! utt]mo/ ,s\?2 comp>e ! expression1 f ! f\r com]s ( ! e>?1 9 v]4 #ab4 ,pa?ros1 9 ,j]4 xliv4 #a1 #ae1 also appe>s z a dep5d5cy ( ,egypt2 & ,cu%1 ,e?iopia1 01 at ! ,prophet's "t1 ! ally ( ,egypt1 *ap4 xxxvii4 #i1 xviii41 xx4 #c-f4 ,ges5ius rem>ks on *ap4 xx4 #d3 ,egypt & ,e?iopia are1 9 ! oracles ( ?is "t1 always connect$1 j z ! close political alliance ( ^! two c\ntries requires4--,f ! utt]mo/ ,s\?1 ! ,prophet turns to ! utt]mo/ ,ea/4 ,elam is1 z ,ges5ius 9 8 ,comm5t>y on *ap4 xxi4 #b rem>ks1 9 ! pre-exilic writ]s1 us$ = ,p]sia 9 g5]al1 = :i* aft]w>ds ,hebrew3 prs becomes ! ord9>y "n2 & accord+ to ,dan4 viii4 #b1 ! ,p]sian ,metropolis ,%u%an is situat$ 9 ,elam4 ,x appe>s 9 *ap4 xxii4 #f z ! repres5tative ( ! _w's p[] ,pg #abi :i* 9 future w oppress ,judah1 & we h5ce expect t x w appe> 9 an ,elamitic phase also4--,%9>1 ! anci5t "n = ,babylon1 is t _w's p[] :i*1 accord+ to *aps4 xiii41 xiv41 xxxix41 & o!r passages1 is to foll[ aft] ! ,assyrian1 & is to c>ry away ,judah into exile4 ,elam & ,madai appe> 9 *ap4 xxi4 #b z ! de/roy]s ( ! ,babylonian _w's p[]2 h5ce ! ,elamitic phase ( x c foll[ aft] ! ,babyloni% only4 ,! geographical arrangem5t only c be ! reason :y x is "h plac$ fir/4--,! la/ ( ! f\r pairs ( c\ntries is =m$ by ,hama?1 repres5t+ ,syria1 7comp4 #a ,maccab4 xii4 #be1 accord+ to :i* passage ,jona?an ! ,maccabee m>*es into ! l& ( ,hama? aga9/ ! army ( ,demetrius17 & ! isl&s ( ! sea1 ! isl&s & ! c\ntries on ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean 9 ! utt]mo/ ,we/4 ,z e>ly z 9 ! prophecy ( ,balaam1 9 ,numb4 xxiv4 #bd3 ,& %ips come f ! side ( ,*ittim & afflict ,as%ur1 & afflict ,eb]1 & he also p]i%e?1 we f9d ! ann\ncem5t t1 at "s future "t1 ! ,asiatic k+doms %all be conqu]$ by a p[] :i* comes f ! ,we/ 9 %ips1 by ,european nations--an ann\ncem5t :i* 0 realis$ 9 hi/ory by ! dom9ion ( ! ,greeks & ,romans 9 ,asia4 ,v]4 #ab3 ,& ,he sette? up an ensign to ! ,g5tiles & assemble? ! exil$ ( ,israel1 & ga!re? toge!r ! disp]s$ ( ,judah f ! f\r corn]s ( ! e>?4 ,! sett+ up ( ! ensign = ! ,g5tiles1 ar\nd :i* !y are to assemble = ! purpose ( re/or+ ,israel1 took place1 9 a prelude1 "u ,cyrus2 comp4 *ap4 xiv4 #b1 xlix4 #bb3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god3 ,behold ,i lift up m9e h& to ! ,g5tiles1 & set up my /&>d to ! nations1 & !y br+ ?y sons on _! bosom1 & ?y daught]s are c>ri$ ^u _! %\ld]s2 :]e ! sons & daught]s correspond to ! exil$ m5 ( ,israel1 & to ! disp]s$ wom5 ( ,judah1 equival5t to all ! exil$ & disp]s$ m5 & wom54 ,z e>ly z 9 ! ,song ( ,solomon1 we are taught t 9 ! ,messianic "t ! ,g5tile nations w take an active "p 9 ! re/oration ( ,israel4 ,accord+ to ! fir/ "p ( t ,song1 ! appe>ance ( ! heav5ly ,solomon is connect$ ) ! reception ( ! ,g5tiles into ,8 ,k+dom1 & t1 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ! ,pg #acj old cov5ant p1 z is intimat$ by ! "n ( ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem2 comp4 my ,comm5t4 on ,song ( ,solomon1 iii4 #i-aa4 ,9 ! second "p ( t ,song we h a description ( ! reunion ( apo/ate ,israel ) ,*ri/1--:i* reunion takes place by ! co-op]ation ( ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 ! same :om !y =m]ly br\ght to salvation4 ,accord+ to ,is4 lxvi4 #bj1 ! ,g5tiles1 conv]t$ to ! ,"l 9 ! "t ( salvation1 br+ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel = an (f]+ unto ! ,"l1--,a significant allusion to ! passage be=e u is f\nd 9 ,john xi4 #eb3 ,greek3 kai ou* hup] t\ e?n\s monon1 all'h9a kai ta tekna t\ ,!\ ta dieskorpism5a sunagag eis h54 ,x is ! same m]cy seek+ t :i* is lo/ t manife/s itself 9 ! ga!r+ ( apo/ate ,israel1 & 9 ! ga!r+ ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,:at is said ( ! "o furni%es1 at ! same "t1 ! gu>antee = ! o!r4 ,v]4 #ac4 ,& ! envy ( ,ephraim dep>te?1 & ! adv]s>ies ( ,judah are cut (f2 ,ephraim %all n envy ,judah1 & ,judah %all n vex ,ephraim4 ,accord+ to ! explanatory f\r? clause1 ! adv]s>ies ( ,judah 9 ! second clause1 c only be ^? among ,judah :o vex ,ephraim4 ,at ! v beg9n+ ( ! sep>ation ( ! two k+doms1 _! future reunion _h be5 ann\nc$ by a prophet2 & ?is mu/ n[ take place z c]ta9ly z ,jehovah is ,god1 :o _h promis$ to ,david & 8 h\se ! et]nal dom9ion ov] all ,israel4 ,! sep>ation _h tak5 place because ! h\se ( ,david _h become unfai?ful to its vocation4 ,9 ! ,messiah1 ! promise1 to ! ,davidic race is to be completely realiz$2 & ?is realization has1 = its necess>y consequ5ce1 ! removal = ev] ( ! sep>ation2 comp4 ,ezek4 xxxvii4 #bb4 ,x 0 a prelude to ! fulfilm5t1 t a portion ( ! subjects ( ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes unit$ ) ,judah 9 all ^? times :51 9 ! bless+ accompany+ ! ent]prises ( a pi\s son ( ,david1 ! promise grant$ to ,david 01 9 "s measure realiz$1--z 0 ! case "u ,jeho%aphat1 ,hezekiah1 & ,josiah4 ,ev5 be=e ,*ri/ appe>$ 9 ! fle%1 ! ann\ncem5t "h made 0 all b realiz$4 ,! exile put an end to ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes1 & h5ce also to ! unnatural sep>ation :i* _h be5 designat$ z ! sev]e/ calamity ( ! pa/1 *ap4 vii4 #ag4 ,! o!r tribes ,pg #aca jo9$ ,judah & ! re/or$ sanctu>y2 comp4 ,acts xxvi4 #g2 ,luke ii4 #cf4 ,! "n ( ,jews pass$ ov] to ! :ole nation2 ! jeal\sy disappe>$4 ,?is bless+ 0 conf]r$ ^u ! p = ,*ri/'s sake1 & ) a view to ,8 future appe>ance4 ,9 ,*ri/1 ! bond ( union & communion is s firmly =m$ t no new discord c ali5ate ! he>ts f "o ano!r4 ,v]4 #ad4 ,& !y fly ^u ! %\ld] ( ! ,phili/9es t[>d ! ,we/1 spoil toge!r ! *ildr5 ( ! ,ea/2 ,edom & ,moab %all be _! assault1 ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon _! ob$i5ce4 ,z ,israel is unit$ int]nally1 s x %all be ext]nally p[]ful4 ,accord+ to ! ,song ( ,solomon vi4 #aj1 ! congregation ( ,israel :51 by h] r5ew$ connection ) ! ,"l & ,8 heav5ly ,solomon1 %e has rega9$ h] =m] /r5g?1 is t]rible z an army ) bann]s4--,! nations m5tion$ are ^? ( ! ,davidic reign4 ,ev5 be=e ! "t ( ! ,prophet1 !y _h be5 anew conqu]$ by ,jeho%aphat1 9 :om ! _s ( ,david _h be5 reviv$ anew2 comp4 #b ,*ron4 xx42 ,ps4 lxxxiii4 ,a prelude to ! fulfilm5t ( ! prophecy be=e u took place at ! "t ( ! ,maccabees1 comp4 ,vol4 i4 p4 #dfg1 #dfh4 ,b z reg>ds ! fulfilm5t1 we are n entitl$ to limit ourselves to ! names "h m5tion$4 ,^! names are ! accid5tal elem5t 9 ! prophecy2 ! ?\ght is ?is3 ,z soon z ,israel realizes its de/9y1 x p>takes ( ,god's inviolability1 ( ,god's victori\s p[]4 ,! ,prophet's sole purpose is to po9t out ! victori\s p[]1 to give prom95ce to ! ?\ght t outw>d prosp]ity is ! necess>y consequ5ce ( inw>d hol9ess4--,9 ! fir/ clause1 ! image is tak5 f birds ( prey2 comp4 ,hab4 i4 #h3 ,!y fly z an eagle ha/5+ to eat1 :i* passage ref]s to ! enemies ( ,israel at ! "t ( wra?4 ,9 ! "t ( grace1 ! relation w be j ! rev]se4--,hebrew3 mwl,h id occurs1 9 a s]ies ( passages 9 ,deut]onomy1 ( t :i* is tak5 9 h&1 und]tak54 ,edom & ,moab are no long] an object ( ,noli me tang]e = !m4 ,v]4 #ae4 ,& ! ,"l de/roys ! tongue ( ! ,sea ( ,egypt1 & waves ,8 h& ov] ! ,riv] ) ! viol5ce ( ,8 w9d1 & smite? x into sev5 /reams1 t "o may g ?r\gh 9 %oes4 ,pg #acb ,v]4 #af4 ,& !re %all be a highway = ! remnant ( ,8 p :i* 0 left f ,as%ur2 l z x 0 to ,israel 9 ! day t he came up out ( ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,! miracul\s p[] ( ! ,"l %all remove all ob/acles to deliv]ance4 ,^! ob/acles are repres5t$ by ! ,euphrates & ! ,r$ ,sea 7! tongue ( ! ,sea ( ,egypt1 equival5t to ! po9t ( x71 ) a ref]5ce to ! fact t1 among ! c\ntries1 9 v]4 #aa1 f :i* ,israel is to be deliv]$1 !re _h be5 m5tion$1 ,egypt1 betwe5 :i* & ! ,holy ,l& 0 ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ,as%ur1 situat$ on ! o!r side ( ,euphrates4 ,to ,euphrates1 ^u :i* !re w be repeat$ t :i*1 9 anci5t times1 0 done 9 ! case ( ,jordan1 ! ,prophet assigns1 9 v]4 #ae1 ! la/ place1 on acc\nt ( v]4 #af4 ,! highway 9 t v]se is prep>$ by ! turn+ (f ( ,euphrates1 s t we might put3 ,& ?us1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! v]se4 ,z reg>ds ! de/roy+1 ,hebrew3 h,hrv,m1 x is ! =c$ devot+ to ,god ( t :i* w\ld n spontane\sly s]ve ,him2 comp>e rem>ks on ,mal4 iii4 #bd4 ,objects ( su* devot+ c prop]ly be p]sons only1 because !y only are capable ( spontane\s sanctification to ,god1 z well z ( wilful desecration4 ,! fact t x is "h transf]r$ to ! sea may be acc\nt$ = by its be+ p]sonifi$4 ,! de/ruction :i* is inflict$ ^u ! sea is1 9 x1 inflict$ ^u ! enemies ( ,god !reby repres5t$1 inasmu* z x opposes ! p ( ,god1 & ?us1 z x 71 /rives aga9/ ,god4--,) ! viol5ce or t]ror ( ,8 w9d1 i4e41 ) ,8 viol5t1 t]rible w9d4 ,!re is 9 ?is an allusion to ,exod4 xiv4 #ba1 accord+ to :i* ! ,"l dri$ up ! ,r$ ,sea by a viol5t w9d4 ,aga9/ ,dre*sl]1 :o ?9ks ( ,god's brea?+ ( ang]1 fir/1 ?is ref]5ce to ,exod4 xiv4 #ba1 & f>!r1 ! circum/ance t ! ,hebrew3 rv,h appe>s z some?+ :i* ! ,"l has 9 ,8 h&1 are decisive4--,9 v]4 #af we ne$ n1 aft] f ,as%ur1 supply ! o!r nations m5tion$ 9 v]4 #aa1 :i* w\ld be unexampl$2 b ,as%ur appe>s z ! repres5tative ( all ! enemies ( ,god4 ,simil>ly 9 ,micah also1 ,as%ur is1 ) evid5t int5tion1 us$ typically2 comp4 ,vol4 i4 p4 #eae1 #eaf4 ,footnote #a3 ,not)/&+ ! argum5ts :i* we /at$ 9 fav\r ( our proposition1 t ! orig9al =m ( ! "n is ,hebrew3 ncr4 ,ebr>d )\t ev5 attempt+ to refute !m1 assumes1 9 fav\r ( a f>-fet*$ conjecture1 t ! "n ( ! place 0 writt5 ,hebrew3 nzrt 7,kritik4 d4 ,ev4 ,ges*i*te ,s4 #hdc1 #a/ ,ed471 & has introduc$ ?is op9ion ev5 into ! text ( ! new edition ( ,ol%aus5's ,comm5t>y1 edit$ by him4 ,! circum/ance t else:]e commonly ! ,hebrew ,hebrew3 z is1 9 ,greek1 r5d]$ by ,greek3 z1 ,hebrew3 c by ,greek3 s is1 9 ?is case1 :]e ! special argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ,hebrew3 ncr are s /rong1 ( no consequ5ce4 ,footnote #b3 ,h(mann 7,weissagung und ,erfllung41 ,,ii4 ,s4 #fd7 0 ! la/ :o assum$ t ! ,evangeli/ _h g5]ally 9 view ^? passages 9 :i* ! l[l9ess1 contempt1 & rejection ( ,*ri/ are spok5 (1 & t1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t passages 9 "q1 ! ,greek3 ,nazraios 0 n conta9$ accord+ to ! lett]1 b accord+ to ! _s only4 ,b ?is is oppos$ n only by ! :ole mann] ( quotation :i* is giv5 z a lit]al "o1 b also by a :ole s]ies ( analogies3 ,*ri/'s bir?place 9 ,be?lehem1 ,8 /ay 9 ,j]usalem1 ,8 m9i/ry 9 ,galilee1 & especially 9 ,cap]naum1 ,8 entrance into ,j]usalem1--all ^! are by ,mat!w trac$ back to prophetical decl>ations :i* h a special ref]5ce to ^! localities4 ,aga9/ ! exposition giv5 by u1 ,h(mann advances ! ass]tion t nei!r ,hebrew3 ncr nor ,hebrew3 ,h,tr h ev] atta*$ to !m ! idea ( l[l9ess1 ( unassum+ appe>ance4 ,b ev5 if a twig 7 n ( itself some?+ l[ly & unassum+ 9 appe>ance1 yet1 9 ! passage be=e u1 t idea is1 at all ev5ts1 impli$ 9 ! connection ) ! /ump & roots1 z well z by ! contra/ to ,hebrew3 iprh ,footnote #c3 ,! foll[+ passage1 :i* we take f ,raim4 ,m>t9i ,pug4 ,fid4 ,,iii4 #c1 #ai p4 #fhe1 w fully illu/rate t cu/om3 ,r4 ,abba said3 ,8 "n is ,hebrew3 ihvh ,"l1 accord+ to ! ^w 9 ,j]em4 xxiii4 #f2 ,r4 ,josua b5 ,levy said3 ,8 "n is ,spr\t1 accord+ to :at is said 9 ,ze*4 vi4 #ab4 ,o!rs say t ,8 "n w be ,com=t]1 ,son ( ! /r5g? ( ,god1 z is decl>$ 9 ,lam4 i4 #af4 ,^? f ! ,s*ool ( ,r4 ,siloh said3 ,8 "n w be ,%iloh1 z is writt5 9 ,g54 xlix4 #aj3 ',until ,%iloh come4',^? f ! ,s*ool ( ,r4 ,*an9a said3 ,8 "n w be ! ,graci\s "o1 z ,j]em4 said 9 *ap4 xvi4 #ac4 ,^? f ! ,s*ool ( ,r4 ,jannai said3 ,j9non %all be ,8 "n1 accord+ to ,ps4 lxxii4 #ag1 c4 ,pg #acc ,,*ap4 ,,xii4 ,?is *apt] conta9s ,israel's hymn ( ?anks aft] hav+ obta9$ r$emption & deliv]ance1 & is connect$ ) *ap4 ix4 #b 7#c71 :]e ! ,prophet _h1 9 g5]al1 m5tion$ ! joy ( ! elect 9 ! ,messianic "t4 ,"h he embodies x 9 words4 ,! hymn1 :i* =ms a k9d ( close1 &1 to a c]ta9 degree1 belongs to ! :ole cycle ( ! prec$+ ,messianic prophecies1 is bas$ ^u ! hymn ( ?anksgiv+ by ,israel aft] hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! ,r$ ,sea1--t hi/orical fact :i* conta9$ s /rong a gu>antee = ! future r$emption1 & is 9 h>mony ) *ap4 xi4 #ae1 #af1 :]e ! ,prophet _h ann\nc$ a r5ewal ( ^? wond]ful lead+s ( ! ,"l4 ,! hymn falls into ?ree /anzas1 ea* consi/+ ( two v]ses4 ,9 v]4 #a & #b1 & 9 v]4 #d & #e1 ! r$eem$ ones are introduc$ speak+2 v]4 #c & #e1 :i* likewise =m a c\ple1 conta9 an epilogue ( ! ,prophet on ! d\ble jubilus ( ! congregation4 ,v]4 #a4 ,& 9 t day ?\ saye/3 ,i w praise !e1 ,"l1 = ?\ wa/ angry ) me1 & n[ ?9e ang] is turn$ away1 & ?\ com=te/ me4 ,v]4 #b4 ,behold1 ,god is my salvation2 ,i tru/1 & am n afraid2 = my /r5g? & song is ! ,"l1 & ,he became my ,savi\r4 ,! words my /r5g? & my song1 are f ,exod4 xv4 #b4 ,! two memb]s ( ! v]se ent] into ! "r relation to "o ano!r1 & ! ,hebrew3 ki becomes intelligible1 only if we keep 9 m9d t ! words at ! beg9n+1 ,! ,"l is my salvation1 are an expression ( ! conviction ( ! speak]2 h5ce are equival5t to3 we ackn[l$ge ,him z our ,god2 s t ! fir/ "p expresses ! subjective disposition ( ! ,*ur*2 ! second1 ! objective circum/ance ( ! case--t on :i* t disposition is f\nd$1 & f :i* x grew up4 ,v]4 #c4 ,& ye draw wat] 9 joy out ( ! wells ( salvation4 ,dur+ ! j\rney ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 ! be/[al ( salvation _h be5 repres5t$ "u ! =m ( grant+ ,pg #acd wat]4 ,x is to x t we h "h an allusion4 ,! spiritual wat] d5otes salvation4 ,v]4 #d4 ,& 9 t day ye say3 ,praise ! ,"l1 proclaim ,8 "n1 decl>e ,8 do+s among ! nations1 make m5tion t ,8 "n is exalt$4 ,v]4 #e4 ,praise ! ,"l1 = ,he ha? done great ?+s2 ?is is kn[n 9 all ! e>?4 ,v]4 #f4 ,cry out & %\t ?\ inhabitant ( ,zion2 = great is ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel 9 ?y mid/4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re n[ foll[s a cycle ( t5 prophecies1 :i*1 9 ! inscriptions1 h ! "n ,hebrew3 mwa burd51 & 9 :i* ! ,prophet exhibits ! disclosures into ! de/9ies ( ! nations :i* he _h receiv$ on ! occasion ( ! ?reat5+ ,assyrian invasion "u ,s5na*]ib4 ,=1 f ! prophecy aga9/ ,as%ur 9 *ap4 xiv4 #bd1 #be1 :i* is conta9$ 9 ! v fir/ burd51 x cle>ly appe>s t ! cycle :i*1 by ! equality ( ! inscriptions1 is connect$ into "o well arrang$ & cong5ial :ole1 belongs to ?is p]iod4 ,?is prophecy aga9/ ,as%ur =ms "o :ole ) t aga9/ ,babel1 & by x ! latt] 0 sugge/$ & call$ =?4 ,9 t prophecy1 ! defeat ( ,as%ur1 :i* took place 9 ! #ad? ye> ( ,hezekiah1 is ann\nc$ z future4 ,x is true t ! second burd51 direct$ aga9/ ! ,phili/9es1 9 *ap4 xiv4 #bh-cb1 seems to sugge/ ano!r "t4 ,( ?is burd5 x is said1 9 v]4 #bh1 t x 0 giv5 9 ! ye> t k+ ,ahaz di$2 n 9 ! ye> 9 :i* 8 dea? 0 imp5d+1 b 9 t 9 :i* he di$1 comp4 *ap4 vi4 #a4 ,! di/ress$ circum/ances ( ! new k+ rais$ ! hopes ( ! ,phili/9es1 :o1 "u ,ahaz1 _h rebell$ aga9/ ! ,jewi% dom9ion4 ,b ! ,prophet beholds 9 ! ,_s t1 j "u ?is k+1 ! heav5ly ,k+ ( ,zion w\ld de/roy ^! hopes1 & w\ld ?ru/ d[n ,phili/ia f its imag9>y height4 ,b f ! "t ( ! orig9al composition ( ! prophecy1 t ( its repetition mu/ be di/+ui%$4 ,t took place1 z is j %ewn by ! prophecy's be+ receiv$ 9 ! cycle ( ! burd5s1 at ! "t :5 ! invasion ( ,s5na*]ib 0 imm$iately imp5d+4 ,! ,assyrians 7 ! p[] f ! ,nor?1 ,pg #ace by :om ! ?reat5$ de/ruction w\ld break 9 ^u ! ,phili/9es2 & ! tru? ( ! ^w %\ld be v]ifi$ ^u !m1 t prosp]ity is only ! =]unn] ( ! fall4 ,9 ! view ( ! fulfilm5t1 ,isaiah repeat$ ! prophecy4 ,f ! s]ies ( ^! burd5s1 we %all v briefly comm5t ^u ^? :i* are ( importance = our purpose4 ,fir/1 ,,*apt]s ,,xiii4 l4-,,xiv4 #bg4 ,?is prophecy does n conta9 any *>act]i/ically express$ ,messianic elem5t2 b x is ( no small consequ5ce = br++ out ! :ole picture ( ! future1 z x 0 be=e ! m9d ( ! ,prophet4 ,x is 9 x t ,babel meets u di/9ctly & def9itely z ! ?reat5+ _w's p[] ( ! future1 by :i* ,judah is to be c>ri$ away into captivity4 ,! g5u95ess is incontrov]tibly te/ifi$ by ! close2 & x is only by a naturali/ic t5d5cy t x c be d5i$4 ,) ! ann\ncem5t ( ! deliv]ance f ,babel is fir/1 9 *ap4 xiv4 #bd1 #be1 connect$ an ann\ncem5t ( deliv]ance f ,as%ur2 & !n foll[s 9 v]4 #bf & #bg1 ! close ( ! :ole prophecy f *ap4 xiii4 #a1 onw>d4 ,v]s4 #bf & #bg1 :i* speak ( ! :ole e>? & ( all ! nations1 ref] to *ap4 xiii41 :]e ! ,prophet _h spok5 ( an univ]sal judgm5t1 comp4 v]4 #e1 #i1 #aj1 c42 :ile1 9 ! v]ses imm$iately prec$+1 "o s+le p1 ! ,assyrians only1 7 spok5 ( ,x is !reby r5d]$ impossible to sep>ate *ap4 xiv4 #bd1 #bg f ! :ole4 ,beh9d ! _w's p[] ( ! pres5t--! ,assyrian--! ,prophet beholds a new "o spr++ up--! ,babyloni%4 ,^? :o h ass]t$ t ! prophecy aga9/ ,babel is altoge!r )\t f\ndation z soon z ,isaiah is suppos$ to h compos$ x1 are utt]ly mi/ak54 ,al?\gh ! prophecy 0 by no means de/9$ = ! contempor>ies only1 z prophecy is g5]ally de/9$ = all times ( ! ,*ur*1 yet1 ev5 = ! ,prophet's contempor>ies1 e lett] 0 ( consequ5ce4 ,if ,israel's pr9cipal enemies belong$ to ! future1 h[ v little 0 to be fe>$ f ! pres5t ones2 & especially if ,israel %\ld & mu/ rise f ev5 ! ,pg #acf deepe/ abasem5t1 h[ %\ld ,god n !n deliv] !m f ! l[] di/ress & ne$8 ,b j because weak fai? does n l to draw su* inf]5ces1 ! ,prophet at ! close expressly adv]ts to ! pres5t affliction1 & gives to ! weak fai? a di/9ct & sure ^w ( ,god1 by :i* x may support itself1 & take enc\ragem5t 9 t affliction4 ,! po9ts ( connection mu/ n be ov]look$ :i* ! prophecy 9 *ap4 xi4 (f]s = ! prophecy be=e u4 ,we already met !re ! total decay ( ! royal h\se ( ,david1 ! c>ry+ away ( ,judah into exile1 & _! disp]sion into all l&s4 ,x is on ?is f\ndation t ! prophecy be=e u takes its /&3 x po9ts to ! p[] by :i* ^! conditions are to be br\ght ab\t4 ,f>!r--,!re1 z well z "h1 ! conditions ( ! future are n expressly ann\nc$ z su*1 b suppos$3 ! ,prophet takes 8 /& 9 ! future4 ,!re1 z well z "h1 ! ,prophet draws consolation 9 ! suff]+s ( ! pres5t f a salvation to be be/[$ 9 a f> di/ant future only4 ,f ! v outset1 ! ,prophet ann\nces an imp5d+ c>ry+ away ( ! p1 &1 at ! same "t1 t1 ev5 9 ?is di/ress1 ! ,"l w\ld h compassion ^u ,8 p1 comp4 e4g4 *aps4 v41 vi4 ,f ! v outset1 ! ,prophet cle>ly saw t x 0 n by ! ,assyrians t ?is c>ry+ away w\ld be effect$4 ,?is mu* we consid] to be fully prov$ by hi/ory4 ,! progress :i* ! prophecy be=e u (f]s1 :5 comp>$ ) ^? =m] ones1 consi/s 9 ?is circum/ance only1 t ! ,prophet "h expressly m5tions ! names ( ! future de/roy]s4 ,& 9 ref]5ce to ?is circum/ance we may rem>k1 t1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( hi/ory1 z e>ly z at t "t1 ! plan ( ! f\ndation ( an indep5d5t p[] 0 /rongly ent]ta9$ & fo/]$ at ,babylon1 z is cle>ly en\gh evid5c$ by ! embassy ( ! vic]oy ( ,babylon to ,hezekiah4 ,9 *ap4 xxiii4 #ac--! prophecy aga9/ ,tyre1 :i* is ackn[l$g$ to be g5u9e by ! great] numb] ( rationali/ic int]pret]s--! ,prophet %[s ! cle>e/ insight into ! future univ]sal dom9ion ( ,*aldea1 :i* =ms ! po9t ( issue = ! prophecy be=e u4 ,) p]fect cle>ness ?is insight meets u 9 *ap4 xxxix4 also1 on :i* ev5 ,ges5ius _c avoid rem>k+3 ,! prophetic eye ( ,pg #acg ,isaiah =esaw1 ev5 at t "t1 t1 9 a political po9t ( view1 ,babylon w\ld1 9 a %ort "t1 altoge!r ent] into ! track ( ,assyria4 ,,*apt]s ,,xvii41 ,,xviii4 ,^! two *apt]s =m "o :ole1 z1 g5]ally1 ! s]ies ( ! t5 burd5s is n[h]e int]rupt$ by ins]t$1 het]og5e\s1 indep5d5t portions4 ,*apt] xx4 =ms an app5dix only to *apt] xix4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ! prophecy aga9/ ,sebna 9 *ap4 xxii4 #af-be1 /&s 9 an int]nal connection ) v]s4 #a-ae2 9 t :i* befel him1 ! de/9ies ( ! p 7 to be typifi$4 ,t ^! two *apt]s belong to "o ano!r is cle>ly prov$ by ! p>allelism ( *ap4 xvii4 #aj1 #aa1 & *ap4 xviii4 #d-f4 ,! inscription runs3 ,burd5 ( ,damascus4 ,x is at ! comm5cem5t ( ! prophecy t ! ,syrians ( ,damascus are spok5 (2 ! ?reat5+ soon aft] turns aga9/ ,judah & ,israel4 ,?is is easily acc\nt$ = by ! consid]ation t ! prophecy ref]s to a relation :]e ,judah & ,israel appe> 9 ! ret9ue ( ,damascus4 ,x 0 f ,damascus t1 9 ! ,syrico-,damasc5ic w>1 ! :ole complication proce$$4 ,aram induc$ ,israel to jo9 him 9 ! w> aga9/ ,judah1 & misl$ ,judah to seek help f ,as%ur4 ,9 a g5]al religi\s po9t ( view1 also1 all ,israel1 ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes1 z well z ,judah1 7 at t "t1 z x 71 incorporat$ into ,damascus2 comp4 v]4 #aj1 accord+ to :i* ,israel's guilt consi/$ 9 hav+ plant$ /range v9es 9 8 v9ey>d1 ) #b ,k+s xvi4 #aj1 accord+ to :i* ,ahaz got an alt> made at ,j]usalem aft] ! patt]n ( t :i* he _h se5 at ,damascus4 ,! circum/ance t ,israel _h become l ,damascus1 0 ! reason :y x 0 giv5 up to ! ,g5tiles = puni%m5t4 ,f ! comp>ison ( *ap4 x4 #bh-cd1 x appe>s t *ap4 xvii4 #ab-ad belongs to ! "t ( ,hezekiah1 :5 ,israel 0 ?reat5$ by ! invasion ( ,s5na*]ib4 ,9 *ap4 xvii4 #a-aa1 9 :i*1 at fir/1 ! ov]?r[ ( ,damascus & ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes appe>s z /ill future1 ! ,prophet ,pg #ach ?us transf]s himself back to ! /&-po9t ( an e>li] "t4 ,to ?is result we are also l$ by ! *ronological arrangem5t ( ! :ole collection4 ,! ,prophet1 /epp+ back 9 _s to ! beg9n+ ( ! complication1 surveys ! :ole ( ! calamity & salvation :i* arise to ,israel f ! relation to ,as%ur & ! :ole _w's p[] repres5t$ by ,as%ur--a relation into :i* x _h be5 l$ by ,damascus--& takes a view ( ! puni%m5t :i* x receives by its s9s1 by its hav+ become worldly1 & ( ! ,div9e m]cy :i* s5ds deliv]ance & salvation4 ,! ?reat5+ goes z f> z *ap4 xvii #aa4 ,! rod ( *a/isem5t is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 9 ! h& ( ,as%ur2 b he1 z has be5 already m5tion$1 repres5ts ! _w's p[] 9 g5]al4 ,) ?is1 ! promise connects itself4 ,! oppressors ( ! p ( ,god are annihilat$1 *ap4 xvii4 #ab-ad4 ,all ! nations ( ! e>?1 especially ,e?iopia1 :i* 01 no less ?an ,israel1 ?reat5$ by ,as%ur 7comp4 *ap4 xxxvii4 #i71 & to :i* ,egypt at t "t occupi$ ! position ( a subord9ate ally1 p]ceive ) a/oni%m5t ! cata/rophe by :i* ,god br+s ab\t ! de/ruction ( ,8 enemies1 *ap4 xviii4 #a-c4 ,or1 to /ate x m exactly3 ,mess5g]s :o1 f ! sc5e ( ! great de$s ( ! ,"l1 ha/5 9 %ips1 fir/1 ov] ! ,m$it]ranean1 !n1 9 boats up ! ,nile1 br+ ! intellig5ce ( ! cata/rophe :i* has tak5 place to ,cu%1 ! l& ( ! ru/l+ ( ! w+s--?us nam$ f ! ru/l+ ( ! w+s ( ! royal eagle ( ! _w's p[]1 :i*1 be+ 9 bir? equal to ,as%ur1 has !re its seat1 v]s4 #a & #b2 comp4 *ap4 viii4 #h4 ,all ! inhabitants ( ! e>? %all look ) a/oni%m5t at ! cata/rophe :i* is tak+ place1 v]4 #c1 :]e ! ,prophet :o1 9 v]s4 #a & #b1 _h describ$ ! cata/rophe z hav+ already tak5 place1 /eps back to ! /&-po9t ( reality4 ,9 v]s4 #d-f1 we h ! graphic description ( ! cata/rophe4 ,at ! close1 we h1 9 v]4 #g1 ! words :i* imp>t to ! prophecy importance = our purpose4 ,9 t "t %all be br\ght1 z a pres5t unto ! ,"l ( ho/s1 ! p f> /ret*$ & %orn1 & f ! p t]rible s9ce x 7has be57 & onw>d1 & f ! p ( law-law & trampl+ d[n1 ^: l& /reams divide1 to ! place ( ! "n ( ! ,"l ( ho/s1 ! ,m\nt ,zion4 ,pg #aci ,! expression1 %all be br\ght z a pres5t1 7! ^w ,hebrew3 wi occurs1 besides 9 ?is passage1 only 9 ,ps4 lxviii4 #cj2 lxxvi4 #ab7 po9ts back to ! fundam5tal passage 9 ,ps4 lxviii4 #cj1 :]e ,david says1 ,because ( ?y temple ov] ,j]usalem %all k+s br+ pres5ts unto !e4 ,z outw>dly1 s spiritually too1 ! sanctu>y lies ov] ,j]usalem4 ,! sanctu>y ( ,god ov] ,j]usalem is ! emblem ( ,8 protect+ p[]1 ( ,8 sav+ m]cy wat*+ ov] ,j]usalem2 s t1 because ( ?y temple ov] ,j]usalem !y br+1 c41 is equival5t to3 ,on acc\nt ( ?y glori\s manife/ation z ! ,god ( ,j]usalem4 ,cu% is 9 t ,psalm1 imm$iately aft]w>ds1 expressly m5tion$ by ! side ( ,egypt1 :i*1 at ! ,prophet's "t1 0 closely connect$ ) x4 ,pr9ces %all come out ( ,egypt1 ,cu% makes h] h&s to ha/5 t[>ds ,god4--,accord+ to ,ges5ius1 & o!r int]pret]s1 ! ,hebrew3 m,n f ! second clause is to be suppli$ be=e ,hebrew3 e,m mmw,k4 ,b ?is is bo? h>d & unnecess>y4 ,x is q 9 ord] t1 fir/1 ! (f]+ ( p]sons1 &1 aft]w>ds1 ! (f]+ ( _! gifts %\ld be m5tion$4 ,p>allel is *ap4 xlv4 #ad3 ,! lab\r ( ,egypt & ! m]*&ize ( ,e?iopia1 & ! ,sabeans1 m5 ( /ature1 %all come ov] unto !e1 & !y %all be ?9e2 ! diff]5ce is only ?is1 t !re fir/ ! goods are m5tion$1 & !n ! m54 ,9 *ap4 lxvi4 #bj1 we likewise meet m5 :o are br\ght = an (f]+4 ,! designations ( ! p :o "h appe> z ! type ( ! :ole ,g5tile _w to be conv]t$ at "s future p]iod1 & :o h be5 *os5 = ?is hon\r 9 consequ5ce ( ! hi/orical circum/ances :i* exi/$ at ! "t ( ! ,prophet1 are tak5 f v]4 #b4 ,ges5ius is wrong 9 rem>k+ 9 ref]5ce to !m3 ,all ^! epi!ts h = _! purpose to designate t di/ant p z a p[]ful & t]rible "o4 ,z ,ges5ius himself 0 oblig$ to rem>k 9 ref]5ce to ! la/ words1 ,^: l& /reams divide3 ,?is is a designation ( a /rik+ peculi>ity ( ! c\ntry1 n ( ! p1--! purpose ( ! epi!ts c g5]ally be ?is only1 to *>act]ise ! p accord+ to _! diff]5t prom95t peculi>ities4--,hebrew3 mmw,k prop]ly drawn out1 /ret*$1 ,prov4 xiii4 #ab1 corresponds to ! ,hebrew3 anwi mdh m5 ( ext5sion or /ature1 9 *ap4 xlv4 #ad4 ,high /ature appe>s1 9 classical writ]s also1 z a *>act]i/ic sign ( ! ,pg #adj ,e?iopians4--,on ,hebrew3 mvr,t closely %orn1 comp4 *ap4 l4 #f1 :]e ,hebrew3 mr,t is us$ ( ! pluck+ out ( ! hair ( ! be>d4--,to ! p fe>ful s9ce x & onw>d1 equival5t to3 :i* all along1 & ?r\gh\t its :ole exi/5ce1 has be5 t]rible2 comp>e ,hebrew3 mimi hia ,nah4 ii4 #i1 & ! expression3 f ?is day & =w>d1 #a ,sam4 xviii4 #i4 ,= ev]y:]e "o p only is spok5 (1 comp4 v]4 #a1 accord+ to :i* ,egypt _c be ?\ght (--,hebrew3 qv qv law-law is expla9$ f *ap4 xxviii4 #aj1 #ac1 :]e x /&s beside ,hebrew3 cv cv1 & designates ! mass ( rules1 ord9ances1 & /atutes4 ,?is is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,egyptians1 & likewise ( ! ,e?iopians1 :o be> s close an intellectual resemblance to !m4 ,) reg>d to ! connection ( ! v]se ) :at prec$es1 ,ges5ius rem>ks3 ,! consequ5ce ( su* great de$s ( ,jehovah w be1 t ! di/ant1 p[]ful p ( ! ,e?iopians %all pres5t pi\s (f]+s to ,jehovah1--m correctly1 pres5t !mselves & _! possessions to ,jehovah4--,a prelude to ! fulfilm5t ,isaiah beheld ) 8 own eyes4 ,x is said 9 #b ,*ron4 xxxii4 #cc3 ,& _m 79 consequ5ce ( ! manife/ation ( ! glory ( ,god 9 ! defeat ( ,as%ur be=e ,j]usalem7 br\ght gifts unto ! ,"l to ,j]usalem4 ,yet1 we mu/ n limit ourselves to t4 ,! real fulfilm5t c be s\ght = only at a lat] "t1 z c]ta9ly z t :i* ! ,prophet ann\nces ab\t ! de/ruction ( ! _w's p[] exce$s1 by f>1 t isolat$ defeat ( ,as%ur1 :i* c be reg>d$ z a prelude only to ! real fulfilm5t2 & z c]ta9ly z he ann\nces ! de/ruction ( ,as%ur g5]ally1 &1 "u 8 image1 ( ! _w's p[]4 ,he :o delights 9 hav+ po9t$ out ! fulfilm5t ( su* prophecies 9 ! lat] hi/ory--,ges5ius rem>ks--may f9d x 9 ,acts viii4 #bf ff41 & /ill m1 9 ! circum/ance t ,abyss9ia is1 up to ?is day1 ! only l>g] ,*ri/ian ,/ate ( ! ,ea/4--,9 consequ5ce ( ! glori\s manife/ation ( ! ,"l 9 ,8 k+dom1 & ( ! conqu]+ p[] :i*1 9 ,*ri/1 ,he display$ 9 ,8 relation to ! _w's p[]1 !re once exi/$ 9 ,e?iopia a fl\ri%+ ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 & on ! gr\nd ( ?is passage be=e u1 we look at its ru9s :i* h be5 left up to ?is day1 ) ! hope t ! ,"l w1 at "s future "t1 rebuild x4 ,pg #ada ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,! burd5 ( ,egypt beg9s ) ! words3 ,behold ! ,"l ride? ^u a swift cl\d1 & come? into ,egypt1 & ! idols ( ,egypt are mov$ at ,8 pres5ce1 & ! he>t ( ,egypt melte? 9 ! mid/ ( x4 ,! cl\ds ) :i*1 or accompani$ by :i*1 ! ,"l comes1 are1 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t writ+s1 symbolical indications & repres5tations ( judgm5t2 comp4 my rem>ks on ,rev4 i4 #g2 & besides ! passages quot$ !re1 comp>e 9 addition ,j]4 iv4 #ac2 ,rev4 xiv4 #ad4 ,b :at judgm5t is "h spok5 (8 ,accord+ to ,ges5ius & o!r int]pret]s1 ! calamity is ! victory ( ,psammeticus ov] ! twelve pr9ces1 ) :i* physical calamities are to be jo9$4 ,b aga9/ ?is view1 v]4 #aa alone is conclusive1 inasmu* z1 accord+ to ?is v]se1 ,ph>aoh1 at ! "t :5 ?is calamity breaks 9 ^u ,egypt1 is ! rul] ( ! :ole l&3 ,h[ say ye unto ,ph>aoh3 ,i am ! ,son ( ! wise a 7spiritual7 son ( ! k+s ( anci5t times1 :o are celebrat$ = _! wisdom4 ,9 v]4 #b1 accord+ to :i*1 9 ,egypt1 k+dom fights aga9/ k+dom1 we _c1 !re=e1 ?9k ( indep5d5t k+dom s2 b foll[+ ! way ( ! ,,lxx41 ,greek3 nomos epi nomon1 ( prov9ces only4 ,fur!r1--,accord+ to ,ges5ius1 ! fi]ce "l & cruel k+ 9 v]4 #d is assum$ to be ,psammeticus4 ,b aga9/ ?is ! plural alone is decisive4 ,ezek4 xxx4 #ab--;accord+ to :i* outw>d enemies1 ! ,hebrew3 zri,m1 are ! cause ( ! dry+ up ( ! ,nile1 ( ! ceas+ ( weal? & prosp]ity--militates aga9/ ! assumption ( a calamity indep5d5t ( ! political "o4 ,! circum/ance1 t ! prophecy "u consid]ation belongs to ! s]ies ( ! burd5s1 & 0 writt5 9 ! view ( ,as%ur's advance1 leaves u no room to d\bt t ! ,"l is com+ to judgm5t 9 ! oppression by ! ,asiatic _w's p[]4 ,to ?is may be add$ ! analogy ( ! prophecies ( ,j]emiah & ,ezekiel aga9/ ,egypt1 :i* are evid5tly to be consid]$ z a resumption ( ! prophecy "u consid]ation1 & z an ann\ncem5t t its realization is con/antly go+ on4 ,!y d n "k any o!r calamity ?an be+ giv5 up to ! ,asiatic _w's p[]4 ,comp>e e4g4 ,j]4 xlvi4 #be1 #bf3 ,& behold1 ,i visit ,ph>aoh & ,egypt1 & _! gods & _! k+s1 ,ph>aoh ,pg #adb & !m t tru/ 9 him4 ,& ,i deliv] !m into ! h& ( ^? t seek _! s\l1 & into ! h& ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 k+ ( ,babylon4 ,aft] :at we h rem>k$1 ! discord among ! ,egyptians 9 v]4 #b1 c be consid]$ z ! consequ5ce & concomitant ( ! real & ma9 calamity only3 ,:]e ,god is n 9 ! mid/1 !re1 commonly1 int]nal discord is wont to foll[ ^u sev]e outw>d affliction1 inasmu* z "o always imputes to ! o!r ! cause ( matt]s go+ on s badly4 ,& :at is said ( ! dry+ up ( ! ,nile1 we %all ?us likewise be oblig$ to consid] z a consequ5ce ( ! ho/ile oppression4 ,wat]s are1 9 ,scripture1 ! ord9>y image ( prosp]ity2 comp>e rem>ks on ,rev4 xvii4 #a1 #h1 #dj2 xvi4 #d4 ,"h ! ,nile specially is *os5 z ! symbol ( prosp]ity1 inasmu* z ^u x ! woe & weal ( ,egypt *iefly dep5d$4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! ho/ile invasion :i* consumes all ! /r5g? ( ! l&1 ! ,nile ( its prosp]ity dries up2 its v f\ndations are de/roy$1 all :o c>ry on craft are afflict$4 ,! scope ( ! prophecy is ?is3 ,! ,"l comes to judgm5t ^u ,egypt 7?r\gh ,as%ur & ^? :o foll[ 9 8 tracks71 v]4 #a4 ,in/ead ( unit+ all ! /r5g? aga9/ ! common enemy1 !re arises1 by ! curse ( ,god1 discord & dissolution1 v]4 #b4 ,egypt falls into a helpless /ate ( di/ress1 v]4 #c4 ,& ,i give ov] ,egypt into ! h& ( h>d rule1 & a fi]ce k+ 7,jona?an3 pot5s1 sc4 ,nebu*adnezz>7 %all rule ov] !m1 sai? ! ,"l1 ,jehovah ( ho/s1 v]4 #d4 ,! fi]ce k+ is ! k+ ( ,as%ur1 ! ,asiatic k+dom2 comp>e ! m5tion ( ,as%ur 9 v]4 #bc-be2 ,,lxx4 ,greek3 basileis sklroi4 ,=1 ! fact t ! unity is m]ely an ideal "o1 is mo/ di/9ctly & int5tionally po9t$ at by ! ,hebrew3 adni,m prec$+4 ,! prosp]ity ( ! l& is de/roy$1 v]4 #e-aj4 ,! mu* boa/$ ,egyptian wisdom c z little av]t ! ru9 ( ! c\ntry z x did =m]ly1 9 anci5t times2 its be>]s /& conf\nd$ & a%am$2 no?+ w ?rive & prosp]1 v]s4 #aa-ae4 ,b ! mis]y produces salut>y fruits2 x br+s ab\t ! conv]sion ( ,egypt to ! ,god ( ,israel1 &1 ) ?is conv]sion1 a full p>ticipation 9 all ! privileges & bless+s ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god %all be connect$1 v]4 #af1 & especially v]s4 #ah-be4 ,?is close ( ! prophecy1 :i* = our purpose is ( special consequ5ce1 we mu/ /ill submit to a clos] exam9ation4 ,pg #adc ,v]4 #ah4 ,9 t day %all be five cities 9 ! l& ( ,egypt :i* speak ! language ( ,canaan & swe> to ! ,"l ( ho/s2 city ( de/ruction ! "o %all be call$4 ,five1 z usual1 "h comes into consid]ation z ! half ( t51 :i* numb] repres5ts ! :ole2 five cities1 !re=e1 is equival5t to3 a goodly numb] ( cities4 ,on ! words3 ,:o speak ! language ( ,canaan1 ,ges5ius rem>ks3 ,) ! spread+ ( a c]ta9 religion re/+ on c]ta9 docum5ts ( revelation1 z e4g4 ! ,jewi% religion1 ! k ( _! language1 too1 mu/ be connect$4 ,we mu/ n1 ( c\rse1 limit ! ?\ght to ?is1 t ,hebrew 0 le>n$ :]ev] ! religion ( ,jehovah spread4 ,:5 view$ m deeply1 ! language ( ,canaan is spok5 by all ^? :o are conv]t$ to ! true ,god4 ,^u ! ,greek language1 e4g4 ! "* ( ! language ( ,canaan has be5 impress$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,t language :i*1 f primeval times1 has be5 develop$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,_s1 imp>ts its "* to ! languages ( ! _w1 & *anges _! "* 9 _! deepe/ f\ndation4--,to swe> to ! ,"l is to d ,him homage2 ,mi*aelis3 ,juram5to se ,dom9o ob/r+5t2 comp4 *ap4 xlv4 #bc3 ,unto me e knee %all b[1 e tongue %all swe>4 ,9 ! words3 ,city ( de/ruction1 ,hebrew3 hrs1 "o %all be call$1 !re is conta9$ an allusion to ,hebrew3 qir hrs1 city ( ! ,sun 7,heliopolis7 :i* 0 peculi> to "o ( ! *ief seats ( ,egyptian idolatry4 ,x is ! celebrat$ ,on or ,be?%emi% ( :i* ,j]emiah prophesies 9 *ap4 xliii4 #ac3 ,& he 7,nebu*adnezz>7 breake? ! pill>s 9 ,be?- %emi%1 t is 9 ! l& ( ,egypt1 & ! h\ses ( ! gods ( ,egypt he burne? ) fire4 ,?is allusion 0 p]ceiv$ z e>ly z by ,jona?an1 :o ?us p>aphrases3 ,urbs domus solis quae de/ruetur4 ,by ?is allusion x is intimat$ t salvation _c be be/[$ ^u ! ,g5tile _w 9 ! /ate 9 :i* x is2 t punitive ju/ice mu/ prep>e ! way = salvation3 t ev]y:]e ! de/ructive activity ( ,god mu/ prec$e t :i* builds up2 t ! way to ! ,k+dom ( ,god passes ?r\gh ! fire ( tribulation :i* mu/ consume e ?+ t is oppos$ to ,god2 comp>e t :i* ,micah1 ev5 9 ref]5ce to ! cov5ant-p1 says reg>d+ ! necessity ( tak+1 be=e giv+ c h place1 vol4 i41 p4 #eag4 ,pg #add ,v]4 #ai4 ,9 t day %all !re be an alt> to ! ,"l 9 ! mid/ ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 & a pill> at ! bord] !re( to ! ,"l4 ,t ! alt> is to be consid]$ z a monum5t only is a supposition altoge!r f>-fet*$1 & :i* c ! less f9d any support 9 ! isolat$ case1 ,jo%4 xxii41 t t acc\nt cle>ly en\gh intimates h[ decid$ly ! exi/5ce ( an alt> furni%es a f\ndation = ! supposition t sacrifices are to be (f]$ up !re1 a supposition intimat$ by ! v "n 9 ,hebrew4 ,if x 0 meant to s]ve "s o!r purpose1 x w\ld h be5 necess>y expressly to /ate x1 or1 at lea/1 "s o!r place ( sacrifice ought to h be5 assign$ = ! sacrifices m5tion$ 9 v]4 #ba4 ,b z x /&s1 !re _c be any d\bt t ! alt> "h & ! sacrifices !re belong to "o ano!r4 ,?is passage "u consid]ation is ( no little consequ5ce1 inasmu* z x %[s t1 9 o!r passages :]e a go+ up ( ! ,g5tiles to ,j]usalem 9 ! ,messianic "t is spok5 (1 z1 e4g41 *ap4 lxvi4 #bc1 we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! ?\ght & ! embodim5t4 ,! pill> at ! bord] be>s an inscription by :i* ! l& is designat$ z ! prop]ty ( ! ,"l1 j z x 0 ! cu/om ( ! old ea/]n conqu]ors1 & especially ( ! ,egyptians1 to erect su* pill>s 9 ! conqu]$ t]ritories4 ,v]4 #bj4 ,& x is = a sign & = a witness to ! ,"l ( ho/s 9 ! l& ( ,egypt3 ,:5 !y cry unto ! ,"l because ( ! oppressors1 ,he %all s5d !m a ,savi\r & a ,deliv]]2 & he %all deliv] !m4 ,alt> & pill>1 z a sign & witness ( ! confession to ! ,"l1 are1 at ! same "t1 a gu>antee ( ! deliv]ance to be grant$ by ,him4 ,accord+ to ,ges5ius1 ! ,prophet speaks )\t a def9ite hi/orical ref]5ce1 ( a sav+ or protect+ angel4 ,b we _c ?9k ( an angel on acc\nt ( ! pla9 ref]5ce to ! common =mula 9 ! ,book ( ,judges1 by :i* x is intimat$ t1 z f> z r$emption is conc]n$1 ,egypt has be5 made a p>tak] ( ! privileges ( ! cov5ant-p4 ,x is j ?is ref]5ce :i* has giv5 rise to ! g5]al expression2 b x is ,*ri/ :o is meant2 = ! prophets1 & especially ,isaiah1 are n cognizant ( any o!r ,savi\r = ! ,g5tile _w ,pg #ade ?an ( ,him2 & x is ,he :o is sugge/$ by ! ,messianic "* ( ! :ole description4 ,v]4 #ba4 ,& ! ,"l is kn[n to ! ,egyptians1 & ! ,egyptians "k ! ,"l 9 t day1 & (f] sacrifice & oblation1 & v[ v[s unto ! ,"l1 & p]=m !m4 ,v]4 #bb4 ,& ! ,"l smite? ! ,egyptians s t ,he heale? !m1 & !y are conv]t$ to ! ,"l1 & ,he %all be entreat$ by !m1 & %all heal !m4 ,we h "h simply a recapitulation4 ,! prophet describes anew ! transition f ! /ate ( wra? to t ( grace--n1 z ,dre*sl] ?9ks1 :at !y exp]i5ce 9 ! latt]4 ,^u ,egypt is fulfill$ :at1 9 ,deut4 xxxii4 #ci1 has be5 said 9 ref]5ce to ,israel4 ,v]4 #bc4 ,9 t day !re %all be a highway out ( ,egypt to ,as%ur1 & ,as%ur come? into ,egypt1 & ,egypt into ,as%ur1 & ,egypt s]ve? ) ,as%ur4 ,hebrew3 ebd ) ,hebrew3 at has commonly ! signification to s]ve "s "o2 "h1 h[ev]1 ,hebrew3 at is us$ z a preposition3 ,egypt s]ves ,god ) ,as%ur4 ,yet !re is an allusion to ! ord9>y use ( ,hebrew3 ebd ) ,hebrew3 at 9 ord] to direct att5tion to ! wond]ful *ange3 ,fir/1 ,egypt s]ves ,as%ur1 & ! p[]s t foll[ its foot/eps2 !n1 x s]ves ) ,as%ur4 ,"h also x becomes manife/ t ! deliv]] 9 v]4 #bj is no ord9>y human deliv]]2 = su* an "o c\ld help 8 p only by inflict+ injury ^u ! ho/ile p[]4 ,v]4 #bd4 ,9 t day ,israel %all be ! ?ird ) ,egypt & ) ,as%ur1 a bless+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! e>?4 ,! bless+ is n t union ( p =m]ly sep>at$1 b x is ,israel f :i* ! bless+ is p\r$ out ^u all ! o!r nations2 comp>e ! fundam5tal passage1 ,g54 xii4 #a-c1 & ! ^w ( ! ,"l3 ,greek3 h stria ek tn ,i\dain e/i1 ,john iv4 #bb4 ,v]4 #be4 ,= ! ,"l ( ,ho/s blesse? him1 say+3 ,bless$ be ,egypt my p1 & ,as%ur ! "w ( m9e h&s1 & ,israel m9e inh]itance4 ,! suffix 9 ,hebrew3 brm ref]s to e ?+ m5tion$ 9 v]4 #bd4 ,assyria & ,egypt are call$ by epi!ts :i* else:]e are wont to be be/[$ ^u ,israel only4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to po9t out h[ glori\sly ?is1 ,pg #adf prophecy 0 fulfill$2 h[1 at "o "t1 !re exi/$ a fl\ri%+ ,*ur* 9 ,egypt4 ,al?\gh ! c&le/ick ( t ,*ur* be n[ remov$ f its place 7,satanas 9 hac g5te sevit zizania--,vitr+a71 yet we are confid5t (1 & hope =1 a future 9 :i* ?is prophecy %all anew p[]fully manife/ itself ,! brok5 p[] ( ! ,mahomm$an delusion op5s up ! prospect1 t ! "t 9 :i* ?is hope is to be realiz$ is draw+ nigh4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,burd5 ,,^u ,,tyre4 ,9 ! view ( ,s5na*]ib's invasion1 ! eyes ( ! ,prophet are op5$1 s t he beholds ! future de/9ies ( ! nations )9 8 horizon4 ,x is "u ^! circum/ances t x is reveal$ to him t ,tyre also1 :i*1 n long be=e1 _h successfully resi/$ ! attack ( ,as%ur1 & _h imag9$ h]self to be inv9cible1 w\ld n1 = any l5g? ( "t1 be able to resi/ ! attack ( ! ,asiatic _w's p[]4 ,! ?reat5+ goes on to v]4 #ad2 x is1 9 v]4 #ac1 conc5trat$ 9 ! words3 ,behold ! l& ( ! ,*aldeans1 ?is p :i* 0 n1 :i* ,as%ur assigns to ! bea/s ( ! wild]ness1--!y set up _! wat*-t[]s1 !y ar\se h] palaces1 !y br+ !m to ru94 ,! correct explanation ( ?is v]se has be5 giv5 by ,delitzs* 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,habakkuk1 ,s4 xxi4 ,be=e ! capture ( ,tyre c\ld be assign$ to ! ,*aldeans1 x 0 necess>y to po9t out t !y %\ld ov]?r[ ,as%ur1 ! repres5tative ( ! _w's p[] 9 ! "t ( ! ,prophet4 ,! ,*aldeans1 a p :i*1 up to t "t1 7 n reckon$ 9 ! li/ ( ! k+doms ( ! _w1 de/roy1 9 "s future p]iod1 ! ,assyrian p[]1 & %all !n inflict ^u ,tyre t de/ruction :i* ,as%ur int5d$ 9 va9 to br+ ^u x4 ,pg #adg ,^u ! ?reat5+ !re foll[s ! promise4 ,v]4 #ae4 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 & ,tyre is =gott5 sev5ty ye>s l ! days ( "o k+4 ,aft] ! end ( sev5ty ye>s1 x %all be unto ,tyre accord+ to ! song ( ! h>lot4 ,v]4 #af4 ,take ! h>p1 g ab\t ! city1 =gott5 h>lot1 make sweet melody1 s+ _m songs1 t ?\ maye/ be rememb]$4 ,v]4 #ag4 ,& x %all come to pass1 aft] ! end ( sev5ty ye>s1 ! ,"l w visit ,tyre1 & %e returne? to h] hire ( :or$om1 & :ore? ) all ! k+doms ( ! e>? ^u ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,v]4 #ah4 ,& h] ga9 & hire ( :or$om %all be holy unto ! ,"l2 n is x treasur$ & laid up1 b to ^? :o sit be=e ! ,"l its ga9 %all be1 t !y may eat & be satisfi$1 & = durable clo?+4 ,on ! #gj ye>s1 l ! days ( "o k+1 ,mi*aelis v p]t95tly rem>ks3 ,n ( "o individual1 b ( "o reign or empire1 i4e4 z long z ! ,babylonian empire %all la/1 :i*1 aft] #gj ye>s1 0 de/roy$ by ,cyrus4 ,! necess>y qualification foll[s f v]4 #ac4 ,accord+ to t v]se1 ! "o k+ c be ! k+ ( ! ,*aldeans only4 ,p>allel are ! #gj ye>s :i*1 9 ,j]4 xxv4 #aa1 #ab1 are assign$ to ! ,*aldean empire3 ,& ^! nations s]ve ! k+ ( ,babylon #gj ye>s4 ,& x %all come to pass1 :5 ! #gj ye>s are accompli%$1 ,i w visit ^u ! k+ ( ,babylon1 & ^u t nation1 sai? ! ,"l1 _! iniquity4 ,9 ! ,comm5t>y on ,rev4 ii4 #a1 p4 #ge1 #bjj1 x 0 prov$ t1 9 ,scripture1 k+s are frequ5tly ideal p]sons2 n individuals1 b p]sonifications ( _! k+doms4 ,ges5ius' objection1 t ! "t ( ! ,babyloni% dyna/y1 f ! pret5d$ de/ruction ( ,tyre to ! de/ruction ( ,babylon1 did n la/ #gj ye>s1 vani%es by ! rem>k t ! ,prophet says l ! days2 t1 h5ce1 x is expressly intimat$ t ! #gj ye>s "h1 diff]5tly f :at is ! case 9 ,j]emiah1 are to be consid]$ z a r\nd designation ( ! "t4 ,f a comp>ison ( ,j]emiah we le>n t ! ,*aldean dom9ion w la/ #gj ye>s 9 all4 ,into :i* po9t ( t p]iod ! de/ruction ( ,tyre is to fall1 ,isaiah does n disclose4 ,x is q prop] t 9 ref]5ce to ,tyre ! ann\ncem5t %\ld n be s def9ite1 9 po9t ( *ronology1 z 9 ref]5ce to ,judah4 ,t ! capture ( ,pg #adh ,tyre by ! ,*aldeans1 :i* is "h ann\nc$1 really took place1 has be5 m ?or\ghly e/abli%$ 9 my book3 ,de rebus ,tyriorum2 & aft]w>ds by ,dre*sl] 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,isaiah1 & by ,hv]nick 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,ezekiel4 ,aft] ! end ( ! #gj ye>s4 ,tyre is to resume h] trade ( :or+1 & is to c>ry x on to a wide ext5t1 & ) great success4 ,by ! image ( :or$om--s we rem>k$ 9 comm5t+ ^u ,rev4 xiv4 #h--;9 "s passages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 t selfi%ness is designat$ :i* clo!s itself 9 ! g>b ( love1 &1 "u its appe>ance1 seeks ! gratification ( its own desires4 ,9 ,is4 xxiii4 #ae ff41 ,tyre is1 on acc\nt ( h] m]cantile connections1 call$ a :ore1 & ! pr(it f trade is designat$ z ! rew>d ( :or$om4 ,! po9t ( comp>ison is ! endeav\r to please1 to feign love = ! sake ( ga94 ,"u ! dom9ion ( ! ,p]sians1 ,tyre aga9 began to fl\ri%4 ,tyre's rew>d ( :or$om is consecrat$ to ! ,"l1 & ! bodily wants ( ,8 s]vants are provid$ f x1--q 9 agreem5t ) ! words ( ! ,apo/le3 ,greek3 ei hmeis hum9 ta pneumatika espeiram51 mega1 ei meis humn ta s>kika !risom52 #a ,cor4 ix4 #aa4 ,conv]t$ ,tyre (f]s1 9 ^! gifts1 its ?anks = ! noble gift :i* x receiv$ f ! sanctu>y4 ,vitr+a1 :o rem>ks t ! ,prophet 0 fully aw>e ( ! great int]val ( "t t w\ld int]v5e betwixt ! re/oration ( ,tyre1 & h] d$ication ( h]self1 ) h] ga9s1 to ! ,"l1 is "r1 :ile ,dre*sl]1 :o is ( op9ion t ! do+s ( consecrat$ ,tyre also are repres5t$ "u ! image ( :or+1 is wrong4 ,:or+ designates a s9ful conv]sation :i* is irreconcilable ) conv]sion to ! ,"l4 ,x does n designate trade1 z su*1 b trade z x is e>n$ on by ^? :o1 ) unr5ew$ he>ts1 s]ve ! god ,mammon4 ,we h "h be=e u two /ages1 /rictly sep>at$4 ,fir/1 %e resumes h] old :or+s2 !n1 %e consecrates h] ga9 to ! ,"l4 ,! sev]e cata/rophe int]v5+1 ! new capture ( ,tyre1 z x took place by ,alex&]1 is n yet beheld by ,isaiah4 ,! ann\ncem5t ( x 0 res]v$ = ! po/-exilic ,prophet ,ze*>iah1 *ap4 ix4 #c4 ,! ann\ncem5t ( ! future conv]sion ( ,tyre receiv$1 ,pg #adi 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/1 a symbolical repres5tation z x 71 9 ! ,canaaniti% woman4 ,vitr+a says3 ,! fir/ fruits ( ?is grace 7 receiv$ by t wise ,canaaniti% woman1 :o _h be5 taught1 z if %e _h be5 9 ! s*ool ( ,*ri/1 to ask = div9e grace2 :om ,mat?4 xv4 #bb1 calls a woman ( ,canaan1 ,m>k vii4 #bf1 a ,syroph5ician2 b :o 0 no d\bt a ,tyrian1 inasmu* z %e obta9$ m]cy f ,*ri/ ! ,"l himself1 :ile ,he soj\rn$ 9 ! t]ritory ( ,tyre & ,sidon4 ,paul f\nd at ,tyre a congregation ( disciples ( ,*ri/ already 9 exi/5ce1 ,acts xxi4 #c ff4 ,at a subsequ5t p]iod1 !re exi/$ at ,tyre a fl\ri%+ & weal?y *ur*4 ,eusebius & ,j]ome describe to u1 f _! own exp]i5ce1 ! fulfilm5t ( ?is prophecy4 ,,*apt]s ,,xxiv4-,,xxvii4 ,^u ! t5 s+le burd5s z !y 7 call$ =? by ! ?reat5+ ,assyrian cata/rophe1 !re foll[s "h a compreh5sive description ( ! judgm5ts ( ,god ^u ,8 p1 & ^u ! _w's p[] ho/ile to ,8 ,k+dom1 ,! *>act]i/ic feature 9 x is1 t ! ,prophet ab/a9s f all details4 ,! prophecy beg9s 9 *ap4 xxiv4 #a-ac1 ) ! ?reat5+ ( ! judgm5t ^u ,judah1 ,! fact t ,judah is "h spok5 (1 n alone1 x is true1 b toge!r ) 8 companions 9 suff]+1 ) all ! o!r nations cru%$ l him by ! _w's p[] 9 its v>i\s phases 7v]se #d mo/ cle>ly %[s t x is n ,judah alone :i* is spok5 (2 comp4 ! same compreh5sive mode ( repres5tation 9 ,j]4 xxv42 ,hab4 ii4 #f71 appe>s f v]4 #e3 ,= !y transgress$ ! laws1 violat$ ! ord9ances1 broke ! ev]la/+ cov5ant1 :]e !re c exi/ only a collat]al ref]5ce to ! ,g5tile _w2 f v]4 #ac1 :]e ! cont9u+ glean+ is *>act]i/ic ( ! cov5ant-p 7comp4 xvii4 #f72 b especially f v]4 #bc1 :]e1 aft] ! "t ( puni%m5t1 ! ,"l reigne? on ,m\nt ,zion4 ,! judgm5t ^u ,judah be>s a compreh5sive "*4 ,pg #aej ,z ! s+le phases ( ! _w's p[]1 by :i* ! s9s ( ! p ( ,god are visit$1 !re _h be5 m5tion$ 9 ! cycle ( ! burd5s1 ,as%ur 9 *ap4 xiv4 #be2 ,babylon 9 *ap4 xiii41 xiv41 xxi41 7! circum/ance t ! fir/ burd5 ( ! fir/ half ( ! burd5s1 & likewise ! fir/ burd5 ( ! second half ( ! burd5s--! t5 burd5s be+ ?us divid$ into twice five--is direct$ aga9/ ,babylon1 %[s t specially heavy judgm5ts 7 to be inflict$ by ,babel72 ,elam 9 *ap4 xxii4 #f 7comp4 rem>ks on *ap4 xi4 #aa74 ,"h ! idea ( judgm5t ^u ! cov5ant-p is view$ p] se1 & irrespective ( ! p>ticul> =ms ( its realisation4 ,9 v]s4 #ad1 #ae1 !re is a sudd5 transition f ! ?reat5+ to ! promise3 ,!y 7! remnant left accord+ to v]4 #ac7 %all lift _! voice1 !y %all %\t = ! maje/y ( ! ,"l1 !y %all cry al\d f ! sea1--f ! sea into :i* !y 7 driv5 away by ! /orm ( ! judgm5ts ( ! ,"l4 ,to ! sea "h1 correspond ! isl&s ( ! sea1 9 v]4 #ae2 comp>e ! m5tion ( ! isl&s 9 *ap4 xi4 #aa4 ,v]4 #ae4 ,!re=e1 9 ! light praise ye ! ,"l1 9 ! isles ( ! sea ! "n ( ! ,"l ,god ( ,israel4 ,! words are address$ to ! elect 9 ! "t ( salvation4 ,! ,plural ,hebrew3 ari,m d5otes ! fulness ( light or salvation1 comp4 *ap4 xxvi4 #ai2 ,hebrew3 b is1 9 bo? in/ances1 us$ 9 a local s5se4 ,! light is ! spiritual t]ritory2 ! isles ( ! sea1 ! natural4 ,v]4 #af returns to ! ?reat5+3 ,f ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>? we he> songs3 ,glory to ! righte\s6 ,& ,i say3 ,mis]y to me1 mis]y to me1 woe to me6 ! trea*]\s are trea*]\s1 & v trea*]\s are ! trea*]\s4 ,! song ( praise ( ! r$eem$1 :i* is he>d com+ =? f a f> di/ant future1 is suppress$ by ! same affliction :i* is imm$iately imp5d+1 by ! look to ! rod ( *a/isem5t by ! _w's p[] ) its trea*]y1 its policy feign+ love & conceal+ hatr$1 ) :i* ! ,"l is to visit ,8 p1 & ! floods ( :i*1 l a new flood1 are1 accord+ to v]4 #ae1 to ov]fl[ ! :ole e>?4 ,comp>e ! v simil> transition f triumphant hope to lam5tation ov] ! mis]y ( ! future m imm$iately at h&1 9 ,hab4 iii4 #af4 ,9 v]4 #ba1 ff4 ! promise breaks =? anew4 ,v]4 #ba3 ,pg #aea ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day3 ! ,"l %all visit ! ho/ ( ! height 9 ! height1 & ! k+s ( ! e>? ^u ! e>?4 ,v]4 #bb4 ,& !y are all ( !m ga!r$ toge!r z prison]s 9 ! pit1 & are %ut up 9 ! prison1 & aft] _m days !y are visit$4 ,v]4 #bc4 ,& ! moon blu%e?1 & ! sun is a%am$1 = ! ,"l ( ho/s reigne? on ,m\nt ,zion & 9 ,j]usalem1 & be=e ,8 anci5ts is glory4 ,9 v]4 #ba ! de/ruction ( ! _w's p[] is ann\nc$4 ,! k+s ( ! e>? =m ! explanation ( ! ho/ ( ! height4 ,x is v common to repres5t rul]s "u ! image ( />s2 comp>e ,numb4 xxiv4 #ag2 ,rev4 vi4 #ac1 viii4 #aj2 ,is4 xiv4 #ab1 xxxiv4 #d1 #e1 comp>$ ) v]4 #ab4 ,hebrew3 mrv,m is us$ 9 ref]5ce to ! great ones ( ! e>? 9 v]4 #d1 & 9 *ap4 xxvi4 #e1 also4 ,! explanation by evil heav5ly p[]s has no ,old ,te/am5t analogies 9 its fav\r4--,9 v]4 #bb1 ! words3 ,& aft] _m days !y are visit$1 intimates t ! "t w appe> v long to ,zion1 until ! visitation takes place4 ,_m days1 or a long "t1 viz41 aft] ! beg9n+ ( _! rag+1 :i* 0 to cont9ue = a s]ies ( c5turies1 until ,*ri/ at l5g? spoke3 ,be ( good *e]1 ,i h ov]come ! _w4 ,! visitation consi/s 9 _! be+ ga!r$ toge!r4--,9 v]4 #bc1 ! words3 ,! ,"l reigne?1 conta9 an allusion to ! =mula us$ 9 proclaim+ ! accession ( e>?ly k+s to ! ?rone1 & po9t to an imp5d+ new & glori\s manife/ation ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,"l1--z x 71 a new accession to ! ?rone2 comp>e rem>ks on ,ps4 xciii4 #a2 ,rev4 xix4 #f4 ,! anci5ts are ! ideal repres5tatives ( ! ,*ur*2 comp>e rem>ks on ,rev4 iv4 #d4 ,be=e !m is glory1 inasmu* z ! ,"l imp>ts to !m ( ,8 glory4 ,9 *ap4 xxv4 #a-e1 ! ,"l is prais$ on acc\nt ( ! glori\s r$emption be/[$ ^u ,8 p4 ,= ?\ ha/ made--x is said 9 v]4 #b--( a city a heap1 ( a firm city a ru91 ! palace ( /rang]s to be no city2 x %all n be built 9 et]nity4 ,! city1 palace 7we mu/ ?9k ( su* an "o z comes up to a city1 z is ev5 n[ ! case ) ! palaces ( ! pr9ces 9 ,india7 be> an ideal "*1 & repres5t ! :ole fa%ion ( ! _w1 ! :ole _w's p[]2 comp4 v]4 #ab1 *aps4 xxvi4 #e1 xxvii4 #aj4 ,ges5ius ,pg #aeb speaks ( ! /range conjectures ( int]pret]s :o h guess$ all possible cities4 ,b he himself has lo/ himself 9 ! sph]e ( /range conjectures & guesses1 by rem>k+3 ,! city ^: de/ruction is "h spok5 ( c be none o!r ?an ,babylon4 ,! circum/ance t ,babylon is n m5tion$ at all 9 ! :ole prophecy 9 *aps4 xxiv4-xxvii4 %[s pla9ly en\gh t a special ref]5ce to ,babylon _c "h be ent]ta9$2 & ! less s1 t x w\ld be aga9/ ! "* ( our prophecy1 :i* ab/a9s f all details4 ,:ile 9 v]s4 #a-e ! disc\rse 0 laudatory & glorify+1 & address$ to ! ,"l1 9 v]s4 #f-h ! ,"l is spok5 (3 ,v]4 #f4 ,& 9 ?is m\nta9 ! ,"l ( ho/s make? unto all p a fea/ ( fat ?+s1 a fea/ ( w9es on ! lees1 ( fat ?+s full ( m>r[1 ( lees well-ref9$4 ,v] #g4 ,& de/roye? 9 ! m\nta9 ! surface ( ! vail cov]+ all ! nations1 & ! cov]+ ca/ ^u all ! nations4 ,v]4 #h4 ,& de/roye? dea? = ev]1 & ! ,"l ,jehovah wipe? away ! te>s f (f all faces1 & ! rebuke ( ,8 p %all ,he take away f ( all ! e>?2 = ! ,"l ha? spok54 ,9 ?is m\nta91 v]4 #f1 :]e ,he ent]s ^u ,8 gov]nm5t 7*ap4 xxiv4 #bc71 & dwells 9 ! mid/ ( ,8 p 9 a mann] =m]ly unhe>d (4--,unto all p1 comp4 *ap4 ii4 #b ff4 ,! v]se "u consid]ation =ms ! f\ndation = ! words ( ,*ri/ 9 ,mat!w viii4 #b3 ,greek3 leg de hum9 hoti polloi apo anatoln kai dusmn hx\si kai anakli?sontai meta ,abraam kai ,isaak kai ,iakb en t basileia tn ourann2 comp4 xxii4 #a ff42 ,luke xxii4 #cj4 ,9 v]4 #g1 ! surface ( ! vail is ! vail itself1 inasmu* z x lies ov] x4 ,! cov]+ "h comes into consid]ation z a sign ( m\rn+1 comp4 #b ,sam4 xv4 #cj3 ,& ,david w5t up by ! asc5t ( ,m\nt ,olivet1 weep+1 & 8 head cov]$1 & s also all ! p ) him4 ,! explanation is giv5 9 v]4 #h1 :]e ! ,hebrew3 ble is int5tionally resum$4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 agree ) ,dre*sl] :o expla9s ! be+ cov]$1 by dullness & deadness 9 ref]5ce to spiritual ?+s4--,! fir/ "p ( v]4 #h is aga9 resum$ 9 ,rev4 vii4 #ag1 xxi4 #d4 ,z dea? ent]$ into ! _w by s9 7,g54 ii4 #ag2 ,rom4 v4 #ab71 ,pg #aec s x ceases :5 s9 is completely ov]come2 comp>e #a ,cor4 xv4 #ed1 :]e our passage is expressly quot$4 ,besides dea?1 te>s also are m5tion$1 inasmu* z !y fl[ ) special bitt]ness 9 ! case ( b]eavem5ts by dea?4--,! ,"l removes ! rebuke ( ,8 p :5 all _! hopes1 :i* =m]ly 7 mock$ & laugh$ at1 are fulfill$1 & :51 out ( ! mid/ ( !m1 salvation = ! :ole _w rises4 ,) ! p ( ,god 9 _! exaltation1 ,moab is1 9 v]s4 #i-ab1 contra/$ 9 its weakness & humiliation1 & 9 its va9 attempts to )draw f ! supremacy ( ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,moab comes "h into consid]ation1 only z ! repres5tative ( all ! k+doms ho/ile to ,god1 & ob/9ately p]sev]+ 9 _! opposition to ,8 ,k+dom2 j z ,edom 9 *ap4 xxxiv41 lxiii4 ,! repres5tative "* ( ,moab 0 recogniz$ by ,ges5ius also1 :o ?us det]m9es ! s5se3 ,:il/ ,jehovah's protect+ h& re/s ^u ,zion1 ,8 enemies helplessly p]i%4 ,x is int5tionally t ,moab is m5tion$1 & n ,as%ur or ,babel1 because1 9 its case1 ! repres5tative "* c\ld n s easily be mi/ak5 or ov]look$4--,v]4 #ab returns to ! _w's p[] 9 g5]al4 ,9 *ap4 xxvi41 ! rejoic+ & %\t+ = ! salvation are cont9u$4 ,a *>act]i/ic ,messianic feature is conta9$ 9 v]4 #ai only1 9 :i*1 z 9 *ap4 xxv4 #h1 ! ceas+ ( dea? & ! resurrection ( ! righte\s appe> z tak+ place 9 ! ,messianic "t4 ,v]4 #ai4 ,?y dead %all live1 my dead bodies %all arise4 ,awake & s+1 ye t dwell 9 du/6 ,= a dew ( light is ?y dew1 & ?\ make/ fall to ! e>? ! giants4 ,! sa9ts are rais$ f ! e>?2 ! giants are sunk into ! e>?4 ,! ,hebrew3 rpai,m giants are id5tical ) ! ,hebrew3 iwbi tbl 9 v]4 #ah4 ,!re x 0 said 9 ref]5ce to ! "t ( wra?3 ,we h n wr\ght any deliv]ance 9 ! l&1 nei!r h ! inhabitants ( ! _w fall52 comp>e v]s4 #i & #ba2 ,numb4 xiv4 #cb4 ,p>allel is ! ann\ncem5t ( ! defeat ( ! _w's p[] 9 v]4 #ad4 ,hebrew3 rpai,m1 x is true1 is !re us$ ( ! dead2 b ! signification ( ! ^w rema9s ! same3 ,! bodiless spirits 7 call$ giants1 because !y 7 objects ( t]ror to ! liv+2 comp4 rem>ks on ,ps4 lxxxviii4 #aa4 ,! ^w is1 9 v]4 #ad1 us$ ,pg #aed ) a c]ta9 irony4--,light is equival5t to salvation4 ,! ,plural signifies ! fulness ( light or salvation4 ,! complete fulfilm5t :i* ! words1 ,?y dead %all live1 w f9d 9 ! resurrection ( ! body1 af=ds a gu>antee = ! fulfilm5t ( ! previ\s /ages4 ,9 *ap4 xxvii41 x is especially v]4 #a :i* attracts our att5tion3 ,9 t day ! ,"l ) ,8 sword1 h>d1 great1 & /rong1 %all visit ! levia?an1 ! tortu\s s]p5t1 & kille? ! dragon t is 9 ! sea4 ,we h "h ?ree designations ( "o & ! same mon/]4 ,ges5ius1 on ! o!r h&1 rightly br+s =w>d ! accumulation ( ! attributes ( ! sword3 ,) ! ?ree epi!ts appli$ to ! sword1 ! ?ree epi!ts ( ! mon/] to be kill$ by x p]t95tly correspond4 ,! levia?an1 ! dragon1 is1 z x 71 ! k+ ( ! sea-animals1 comp>e rem>ks on ,ps4 lxxiv4 #ac1 #ad4 ,9 ! spiritual sea ( ! _w1 its natural antitype is ! conqu]+ _w's p[]2 comp4 rem>ks on ,rev4 xii4 #c4 ,b t :i* is meant is ! :ole _w's p[]1 accord+ to all its phases1 :i* is "h view$ z a :ole2 comp4 v]4 #ac1 :]e x is designat$ by ,as%ur & ,egypt4 ,! special ref]5ce to ,babylon re/s1 "h also1 on a m]e fancy4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] ! s+le disc\rses out ( ! ,assyrian "t1 f *ap4 vii-xxvii41 !re foll[s 9 *ap4 xxviii4-xxxiii4 ! sum & sub/ance ( ^? n fully communicat$4 ,ev5 ! uncommonly l>ge ext5t ( ! section sugge/s to u su* a compreh5sive "*4 ,& s likewise does ! fact t ! same ?\ghts are con/antly recurr+1 z is ! case 9 sev]al ( ! m9or prophets also1 e4g4 ,hosea4 ,b :at is mo/ decisive is1 t 9 *ap4 xxviii4 #a-d ,sam>ia appe>s z n yet de/roy$4 ,consid]+ t ! *ronological pr9ciple p]vades ! :ole collection1 ?is go+ back c be acc\nt$ = only by ! circum/ance t we h "h a compreh5sive repres5tation4 ,& we are ! m l$ to ?is op9ion t1 9 o!r passages ( ! same section1 ,j]usalem is repres5t$ z be+ ?reat5$ imm$iately4 ,9 ?is section1 x is especially ! passage 9 *ap4 xxviii4 #af ,pg #aee :i* attracts our att5tion2 s9ce1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x is ref]r$ to ,*ri/4 ,behold ,i h laid = a f\ndation 9 ,zion a /one1 a tri$ 7/one71 a preci\s corn] /one ( p]fect f\ndation2 he t believe? ne$ n make ha/e1 viz41 = an escape or refuge = himself1 ,ps4 lv4 #i4 ,9 opposition to false hopes1 ?is /one is po9t$ to z ! only true f\ndation1 & all are ?reat5$ ) unavoidable de/ruction :o d n make x _! f\ndation4 ,! /one is ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 ! ,*ur*2 comp>e ,ze*4 iii4 #i1 :]e ! ,k+dom ( ,god likewise appe>s "u ! image ( ! /one4 ,b s9ce ! ,k+dom ( ,god 7:i*1 9 *ap4 viii4 #af1 _h be5 repres5t$ "u ! image ( ! quietly fl[+ wat]s ( ,siloah7 is1 = all et]nity1 closely connect$ ) ! h\se ( ,david :i* c5tres 9 ,*ri/1 t :i*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 is said ( ! k+dom ( ,god ref]s1 at ! same "t1 to its head & c5tre4 ,p>allel is ,is4 xiv4 #cb2 ,! ,"l ha? f\nd$ ,zion1 & ! poor ( ,8 p tru/ 9 x4 ,! ,hebrew3 hami,n "h corresponds ) ! ,hebrew3 ,h% ) ,hebrew3 b !re4 ,! diff]5ce is1 t !re ,zion itself is ! object ( confid5ce1 :ile "h x is ! /one :i* is 9 ,zion4 ,!re1 ,zion is ! spiritual ,zion2 n ! m\nta9 z an assemblage ( /ones1 nor ! outw>d temple z su*1 b ,zion 9 s f> z x is a sanctu>y1 ! seat ( ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l4 ,! ,"l--su* is ! s5se--has f\nd$ ,8 ,k+dom among u2 & ! circum/ance t we are citiz5s ( ! ,k+dom gives u security1 enables u to be calm ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ! greate/ dang]4 ,"h1 on ! contr>y1 ,zion is ! outw>d ,zion1 & ! ,k+dom ( ,god is ! ,*ur* z di/+ui%$ f x4 ,! ,zion "h corresponds to ! holy m\nta9s 9 ,ps4 lxxxvii4 #a1 :]e1 9 a simil> mann]1 a di/9ction is drawn betwe5 ! mat]ial & spiritual ,zion3 ,8 f\ndation is 9 ! holy m\nta9s1 on :i* ,i rem>k$ 9 my ,comm5t>y3 ,! f\ndation ( ,zion took place spiritually by its be+ *os5 to be ! seat ( ! sanctu>y4 ,x 0 !n only t ! place1 already exi/+1 receiv$ its spiritual f\ndation4 ,! /one laid by ,god z a f\ndation 9 ,zion1 9 ! passage "u consid]ation1 is1 9 sub/ance1 id5tical ) ! t5t t ,he plac$ among m51 9 ,ps4 lxxviii4 #fj4 ,9 sub/ance ! sanctu>y 0 erect$ by ,god alone1 :o1 by ,pg #aef fulfill+ ,8 promise1 ',i dwell 9 ! mid/ ( !m1'brea!d ! liv+ s\l into ! body1 & caus$ ,8 "n to dwell !re4 ,9 ,ezek4 xi4 ! sub/ance ( ! sanctu>y1 ! ,%e*9ah1 )draws into heav54--,our passage1 f>!r1 t\*es v closely ^u *ap4 viii4 #ad3 ,& ,he 7! ,"l7 becomes a sanctu>y & a /one ( (f5ce1 & a rock ( /umbl+ to bo? ! h\ses ( ,israel1 & a sn>e & a trap to ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem4 ,! /one "h is ! ,*ur*2 !re x is ! ,"l himself1 accord+ to ,8 relation to ,israel1 ! ,"l :o has become manife/ 9 ,8 ,*ur*4 ,ano!r po9t ( contact is (f]$ by ,ps4 cxviii4 #bb3 ,! /one :i* ! build]s reject$ has become ! corn]-/one4 ,9 t passage1 too1 ! /one is ! ,k+dom & p ( ,god3 ,! p ( ,god :om ! k+doms ( ! _w despis$1 h1 by ! work+ ( ,god1 !n be5 rais$ to ! dignity ( ! _w-rul+ p4 ,a simple quotation ( ! passage be=e u is f\nd 9 ,rom4 x4 #aa3 ,greek3 legei g> h graph4 pas ho pi/eun ep'aut ou katais*un?setai4 ,9 *ap4 ix4 v]4 #c1 we h *ap4 viii4 #ad1 & ! passage "u consid]ation bl5d$ 9 a rem>kable mann]3 ,greek3 id\ ti?mi en ,sin li?on prokommatos kai petran sk&al\4 kai pas ho pi/eun ep'aut ou katais*un?setai1 & f ! rem>ks already (f]$1 ! "r to ?is bl5d+ is evid5t4 ,pet]1 9 #a ,pet4 ii4 #f1 #g1 adds to ^! two passages1 t 9 ,ps4 cxviii4 #bb3 ,greek3 dioti p]ie*ei en t graph3 id\ ti?mi en ,sin li?on akrogniaion1 eklekton1 entimon1 kai ho pi/eun ep'aut ou m katais*un?4 hum9 h\n h tim tois pi/eu\s94 apei?\si de li?on hon ap$okimasan hoi oikodom\ntes1 h\tos eg5? eis kephaln gnias1 kai li?os proskommatos kai petra sk&al\1 on :i* ,b5gel rem>ks3 ,pet] quotes1 9 v]4 #f & #g1 ?ree passages1 ! fir/ f ,isaiah1 ! second f ! ,psalms1 ! ?ird aga9 f ,isaiah4 ,to ! ?ird he alludes 9 v]4 #h1 b to ! second & fir/1 9 v]4 #d1 hav+1 ev5 !n already bo? ( !m 9 8 m9d4 ,mat?4 xxi4 #db-dd ref]s only to ,ps4 cxviii4 & to ,is4 viii4 #ad1 #ae4 to ! latt] passage 9 v]4 #dd2 ,acts iv4 has ,ps4 cxviii4 only 9 view4 ,! second ,messianic passage ( ! section :i* is ( importance = our purpose1 is *ap4 xxxiii4 #ag4 ,?9e eyes %all see ! ,k+ 9 ,8 beauty2 !y %all see ! l& t is f> (f4 ,pg #aeg ,! ,k+ is ! ,messiah4 ,?is appe>s f ! ref]5ce to ! ,song ( ,solomon i4 #af1 :]e ! bride says to ! bridegroom1 ! heav5ly ,solomon1 ,behold ?\ art fair1 my belov$ 7comp4 ,ps4 xlv4 #c27 & f ! words imm$iately foll[+3 !y %all see ! l& t is f> (f4 ,! wide ext5sion ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god is indissolubly connect$ ) ! appe>ance ( ! ,messiah4 ,^? :o ref] ! prophecy to ,hezekiah ref] ! l& t is f> (f 7lit]ally3 ! l& ( di/ances7 to a l& /ret*+ f> out1 9 anti!sis to ! siege :5 ! p ( ,j]usalem 7 limit$ to its area1 s9ce ! :ole c\ntry 0 occupi$ by ! ,assyrians4 ,b ! passage1 *ap4 xxvi4 #ae3 ,?\ increase/ ! nation1 ,o ,god1 ?\ art glorifi$1 ?\ remove/ all ! b\nd>ies ( ! l&1 is conclusive aga9/ ?is explanation4 ,comp>+ ?is passage1 z also *ap4 lx4 #d2 ,ze*4 x4 #i1 ,mi*aelis correctly expla9s3 ,! l& ( di/ances is ! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/ mo/ widely propagat$4 ,9 *ap4 viii4 #i1 likewise1 ! ,g5tile c\ntries are designat$ by ! di/ances ( ! e>?4 ,f>!r--,hezekiah c\ld n be designat$ simply by ,hebrew3 ml,k )\t ! article4 ,x is only by ! utmo/ viol5ce t ! :ole ann\ncem5t c be limit$ to ! ev5ts "u ,hezekiah1 :i* ev]y:]e =m ! =egr\nd only4 ,we might r1 ) ,vitr+a1 ?9k ( ,jehovah1 ) a comp>ison ( v]4 #bb3 ,= ! ,"l is our judge1 ! ,"l is our lawgiv]1 ! ,"l is our ,k+2 ,he w save u1 & ( ,ps4 xlviii4 #c1 :]e he is call$ ,hebrew3 ml,k rb4 ,to ,jehovah1 ! passage1 *ap4 xxx4 #bj1 #ba also ref]s1--a passage :i* has be5 s (t5 misund]/ood3 ,& ! ,"l give? y bread ( adv]sity1 & wat] ( affliction1 & n does ?y tea*] conceal himself any m1 & ?9e eyes see ?y ,tea*]4 ,& ?9e e>s he> a voice beh9d !e1 say+1 ,?is is ! way1 walk ye 9 x2 d n turn to ! "r h&1 nor to ! left4 ,! affliction prep>es = ! com+ ( ! heav5ly tea*]2 by x ! eyes ( ! p h be5 op5$1 s t !y are able to behold ,8 glori\s =m4 ,b al?\gh we %\ld und]/& ,jehovah by ! ,k+ 9 ,8 beauty1 we mu/1 at all ev5ts1 ?9k ( ,8 glori\s manife/ation 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o said1 ,he :o sees me sees ! ,fa!r1 & 9 :om ! fulness ( ! ,godhead dwells bodily2 & x 0 inde$ 9 ,*ri/ t ,god1 ,pg #aeh 9 ! true/ mann]1 reveal$ & manife/$ himself z ! ,tea*] ( ,8 p4 ,! close ( ! :ole ( ! fir/ "p ( ,isaiah is1 9 *aps4 xxxiv41 xxxv4 =m$ by a compreh5sive ann\ncem5t1 on ! "o h&1 ( ! judgm5ts ^u ! ,god-hat+ _w1 "h individualiz$ by ,edom1 t h]$it>y enemy ( ,israel1 :o 0 s mu* ! m fitt$ = ?is repres5tation t 8 enmity 0 ! mo/ ob/9ate ( all1 & rema9$ ! same ?r\gh\t all ! phases ( ,israel's oppression by ! great k+doms ( ! _w 7he always appe>s z he :o help$ to br+ mis]y ^u 8 bre?r572 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ( ! m]cy & salvation :i* %\ld be be/[$ ^u ! ,*ur* trampl$ ^u by ! _w4 ,on *ap4 xxxiv4 #d21 #e1 :]e ! heav5 is t ( ! pr9ces1 ! :ole ord] ( rul]s & magi/rates2 ! />s1 ! s+le pr9ces & nobles1 comp>e my rem>ks on ,rev4 vi4 #ac4 ,! description ( ! salvation 9 /ore = ! ,*ur*1 9 *ap4 xxxv41 is pre-em95tly ,messianic1 al?\gh ! l[] bless+s also are includ$ :i* prec$$ ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/4 ,! description conta9s features s *>act]i/ic1 t we mu/ necess>ily submit x to a clos] exam9ation4 ,v]4 #a4 ,! wild]ness & dry l& %all be glad = x1 & ! des]t %all rejoice & spr\t l ! bulb4 ,! wild]ness is ,zion--! ,*ur* to be deva/at$ by ! _w4--,= x1--i4e4 = ! judgm5t ^u ! _w1 z x 0 describ$ 9 *ap4 xxxiv4 ) :i* ! *ang$ fate ( ! ,*ur* is indissolubly connect$4 ,v]4 #b4 ,x %all spr\t1 & rejoice ) joy & %\t+4 ,! glory ( ,lebanon is giv5 unto x1 ! excell5cy ( ,c>mel & ,%>on4 ,!y %all see ! glory ( ! ,"l1 ! excell5cy ( our ,god4 ,! glory ( ,lebanon1 c4 is a glory l unto t ( ,lebanon4 ,! real condition ( ! glory ( ,zion1 or ! ,*ur*1 is br\ght be=e u 9 ! subsequ5t v]ses only2 x consi/s 9 ! ,lords glory be+ manife/$ 9 x4 ,! maje/ic1 wood$ ,lebanon1 & fruitful ,c>mel1 are contra/$ ) "o ano!r2 ! latt] is put toge!r ) ! lovely fruitful pla9 ( ,%>on1 ri* 9 fl[]s2 comp>e rem>ks on ,song ( ,sol4 vii4 #f4 ,mi*aelis says3 ,! ,lebanon excels among ! =e/s2 ! ,c>mel among ! fruitful hills2 ! ,pg #aei ,%>on among ! lovely fields or valleys4--,to see ! glory ( ! ,"l1 ! excell5cy ( ,god means to behold ,him 9 ! revelation ( ! full glory ( ,8 nature4 ,prophecy w\ld h f$ ! m9ds ( ! p ) va9 hopes1 if ,god _h reveal$ himself 9 any o!r way ?an 9 ,*ri/1 ! brightness ( ,8 glory & ! express image ( ,8 p]son1 9 :om dwelle? all ! fulness ( ! ,godhead bodily 7,col4 ii4 #i71 & :o1 along ) ,8 own glory1 reveal$1 at ! same "t1 t ( ! ,fa!r2 = x 0 ! glory z ( ! only-begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 ,john i4 #ad2 ii4 #aa4 ,v]4 #c4 ,/r5g!n ye ! slack h&s1 & confirm ye ! tott]+ knees4 ,! words are address$ to all ! memb]s ( ! p ( ,god2 !y are to /r5g!n & confirm "o ano!r by po9t+ to ! future revelation ( ! glory ( ! ,"l4 ,v]4 #d4 ,say to !m t are ( a fe>ful he>t3 ,be /rong1 fe> n2 behold1 y\r ,god w come = v5geance1 = a gift ( ,god3 ,he w come & save y4 ,to !m t are ( a fe>ful he>t1--lit]ally ( a ha/y he>t1 :o all[ !mselves to be c>ri$ away by ! ,pres5t1 & are unm9dful ( ! respice f9em4--,hebrew3 mq,m & ,hebrew3 gmvl are ,accusatives1 us$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 v]bs ( motion1 to designate ! object ( ! motion4--,on ,hebrew3 gmvl1 gift1 comp4 rem>ks on ,ps4 vii4 #e4 ,! gift ( ,god =ms a contra/ to ! poor gifts1 su* z m5 (f]4 ,he comes = v5geance ^u ,8 enemies1 & = be/[+ ! mo/ glori\s div9e gifts ^u ,8 p4 ,! words3 ,he w come & save y1 are an explanation ( ! gift ( ,god4 ,x is 9 ,*ri/ t ! words3 ,he w come & save y1 f\nd _! true fulfilm5t1--a fulfilm5t to :i* e l[] bless+ po9t$1 & :i* is /ill go+ on1 & con/antly advanc+4--,t :i*1 9 ! subsequ5t v]ses1 is said ( ! concomitant circum/ances ( ?is salvation1 is by f> too high to admit ( ! fulfilm5t be+ s\ght 9 any o!r ?an ,*ri/4 ,all ^! =c$ explanations1 su* z3 ,9 _! joy !y feel z if !y 7 heal$ 7,knobel1 aft] ! example ( ,ges5ius71 only s]ve to %[ ?is m cle>ly4 ,!y are ov]?r[n ev5 by ! p>allel ann\ncem5t ( ! imp5d+ resurrection ( ! dead 9 *ap4 xxv4 #h2 xxvi4 #ai4 ,pg #afj ,v]4 #e4 ,!n ! eyes ( ! bl9d %all be op5$1 & ! e>s ( ! deaf %all be un/opp$4 ,! bl9d & deaf are ! individualiz+ designations ( ! wret*$2 9 ,luke xiv4 #ac-ba1 ! bl9d are nam$ along ) ! poor1 lame1 & maim$ z an individualiz+ designation ( ! :ole g5us ( p]sonae mis]abiles2 comp4 ,john v4 #c4 ,b ?is individualiz+ designation mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$ f ! image4 ,! bl9d & deaf are m5tion$ z ! mo/ p]spicu\s species 9 ! g5us2 b !y !mselves are1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 meant1 & t :i* has be5 said mu/1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 be fulfill$ ^u !m4 ,f>!r--z bl9d & deaf are1 )\t f>!r rem>k & qualification1 spok5 (1 we %all1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 be oblig$ to ?9k ( ! bodily bl9d & deaf1 inasmu* z !y1 accord+ to ! common usus loqu5di1 are ?us designat$4 ,b a collat]al ref]5ce to ! spiritually bl9d & deaf mu/ s mu* ! r be assum$1 t !y1 too1 =m a portion ( ! g5us "h repres5t$ by ! bl9d & deaf2 & ! m s t x is j ,isaiah :o s frequ5tly speaks ( spiritual bl9dness & deafness2 comp4 *ap4 xxix4 #ah3 ,& 9 t day 79 ! "t ( ! future salvation1 :5 ! ,"l ( ! ,*ur* %all h put to %ame ! pusillanimity & timidity ( ,8 p71 ! deaf he> ! words ( ! book1 & ! eyes ( ! bl9d see out ( obscurity & d>kness2 xlii4 #ah3 ,he> ye deaf1 & look ye bl9d & see2 xliii4 #h3 ,br+ =? ! bl9d p1 t h eyes1 & ! deaf t h e>s2 lvi4 #aj2 vi4 #aj2 ,mat?4 xv4 #ad2 ,john ix4 #ci2 ,ephes4 i4 #ah2 #b ,pet4 i4 #i4 ,spiritual bl9dness & deafness are specially se5 9 ! relation ( ! p to ! lead+s ( ! ,*ur*1 & to ! promises ( ,scripture4 ,! bl9d _c und]/& ! complicat$ ways ( ,god2 ! deaf h1 especially 9 ! "t ( mis]y1 no e> = ,8 promises4 ,besides ! natural & spiritual bl9dness1 ,scripture kn[s ( /ill a ?ird2 x designates z bl9d ^? :o _c see ! way ( salvation1 ! helpless & droop+2 comp>e my ,comm5t>y on ,ps4 cxlvi4 #h2 ,zeph4 i4 #ag2 ,isa4 xlii4 #g4 ,n[1 x is bl9dness & deafness ( e k9d :i*1 along ) all o!r mis]y1 %all f9d a rem$y at ! "t ( salvation4--,if we ask = ! fulfilm5t1 our eye is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 attract$ by ,matt4 ,pg #afa xi4 #e1 :]e1 ) an evid5t ref]5ce to ! passage be=e u1 ! ,"l gives to ! "q ( ,john3 ,art ?\ he t %\ld come1 or d we look = ano!r1 ! matt]-(-fact answ]1 t ! bl9d receive _! sight1 ! deaf he>1 ! lame walk3 comp4 ,mat?4 xv4 #ca3 ,greek3 h/e t\s o*l\s ?aumasai blepontas kph\s lal\tas1 kull\s hugieis1 *l\s p]ipat\ntas kai tuphl\s blepontas2 xxi4 #ad2 ,greek3 kai prosl?on aut tuphloi kai *loi en t hi] kai e!rapeus5 aut\s2 ,m>k vii4 #cg1 :]e aft] ! heal+ ( ! deaf & dumb1 ! p say3 ,greek3 kals panta pepoike4 kai t\s kph\s poiei ak\e91 kai t\s alal\s lale94 ,yet %all we n be able to see1 9 ^! facts1 ! complete fulfilm5t ( ! prophecy1 9 s f> z x ref]s to ! heal+ ( ! bodily bl9d & deaf--inasmu* z x promises ! heal+ ( all1 n ( "s only--b only a pl$ge ( ! complete fulfilm5t ( x2 j z ,*ri/'s rais+ "s f ! dead only prefigures :at ,he %all d 9 ! end ( ! days4 ,! complete fulfilm5t belongs to ! "t ( ! resurrection ( ! j1 ( :i* x is said3 ,:atev] is "h afflict$1 groans1 prays1 %all !n g on brightly & glori\sly4 ,m compreh5sive 0 ! fulfilm5t :i* ! prophecy receiv$1 9 ref]5ce to spiritual bl9dness & deafness1 imm$iately at ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,*ri/1 :o decl>$ t ,he _h come into ! _w1 t !y :i* see n1 might see 7,john ix4 #ci74 ,b ev5 "h ! completion z c]ta9ly belongs to ! future _w1 z ,greek3 blepom5 arti di'esoptr\ h5 a9igmati4 ,v]4 #f4 ,!n %all ! lame leap z an h>t1 & ! tongue ( ! dumb %all %\t2 = 9 ! wild]ness %all wat]s be op5$1 & /reams 9 ! des]t4 ,! leap+ & %\t+ imply t !y h obta9$ deliv]ance f _! bodily defects1--at ?is deliv]ance ! prec$+ v]se /opp$--& proce$ f ! natural delight at ! appe>ance ( ?is salvation1 p]sonal z well z g5]al1 ( :i* ^! are an emanation4 ,on ! fir/ words especially4 ,acts iii4 #h is to be comp>$1 :]e x is said ( ! lame man to :om ,pet]1 9 ! "n ( ,jesus spoke4 ,arise & walk3 ,greek3 kai exallom5os e/ kai p]iepatei1 kai eisl! sun autois eis to hi]on1 p]ipatn kai allom5os kai a9n ton !on2 f>!r4 ,acts viii4 #g3 ,greek3 polloi de p>alelum5oi kai *loi e!rapeu?san2 xiv4 #h2 ,john v4 #i4 ,( spiritual lam5ess1 ,heb4 xii4 #ac is spok54 ,x appe>s especially 9 d>k times ( affliction1 z ,vitr+a says3 ,9 ! "t ( wild p]secution1 & :5 ! ,*ur* langui%es1 ,pg #afb n a few m5 beg9 to halt1 to vacillate 9 _! views1 to susp5d _! op9ions1 c4 ,on ! words3 ! tongue ( ! dumb %all %\t1 comp>e ,matt4 xii4 #bb3 ,greek3 tote prosne*? aut daimonzom5os1 tuphlos kai kphos4 kai e!rapeus5 auton1 h/e ton tuphlon kai kphon kai lale9 kai blepe94 ,spiritual dumbness is ! incapacity = ! praise ( ,god :i*1 9 ! "t :5 salvation is )held1 s easily creeps 91 & :i* is remov$ by ! be/[al ( salvation4 ,! words3 ,= 9 ! wild]ness1 c41 /ate ! gr\nd ( ! leap+ & %\t+1 po9t to ! be/[al ( salvation1 :i* =ms ! cause4 ,! wat]s are ! wat]s ( salvation1 comp>e rem>ks on *ap4 xii4 #c4 ,! words conta91 moreov]1 an allusion to ,exod4 xvii4 #c ff42 ,numb4 xx4 #aa1 :]e1 dur+ ! j\rney ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 salvation is repres5t$ by ! be/[al ( wat]4 ,! des]t "h is an image ( mis]y4 ,v]4 #g4 ,& ! scor*+ heat ( ! sun becomes a pool1 & ! ?ir/y l&1 spr+s ( wat]2 9 ! habitation ( dragons %all be _! c\*+ place1 grass :]e =m]ly re$s & ru%es4 ,! scor*+ heat ( ! sun1 /&s = places scor*$ by ! heat 7p>*$ gr\nd1 ,engli% v]sion74 ,! passage *ap4 xlix4 #aj1 =bids u to expla9 x by mirage1 ! appe>ance ( wat]4 ,! suffix 9 ,hebrew3 rb* ref]s to ,zion4 ,dragons l to make _! abode especially 9 ! wat]less wild]ness4 ,! circum/ance t ,zion has !re h] c\*+ place1 supposes t x has be5 *ang$ into a g>d5 ( ,god2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 9 *ap4 xxxiv4 #ac1 x is said ( ! _w t x becomes an habitation ( dragons4 ,besides ! dry l&1 ! moor-l& :i* be>s no?+ b b>r5 re$s1 %all und]go a *ange2 n\ri%+ grass is to take its place2 ,hebrew3 ,hcir has no o!r signification ?an ?is4 ,v]4 #h4 ,& a high-way %all be !re1 & a way1 & x %all be call$ ! holy way2 an unclean %all n pass ov] x2 & x %all be = !m1 t !y may walk on x1 t fools also may n err4 ,! way is ! way ( salvation :i* ,god op5s up to ,8 p 9 ! wild]ness ( mis]y2 comp4 *ap4 xliii4 #ai3 ,i w make a way 9 ! wild]ness1 riv]s 9 ! des]t2 ,ps4 cvii4 #d3 ,!y w&]$ 9 ! wild]ness1 9 ! des]t )\t ways1 :]e ! pa?less wild]ness is ! image ( mis]y2 ,pg #afc ,ps4 xxv4 #d2 xxvii4 #aa1 :]e ! ways ( ,god are ! ways ( salvation :i* ,he reveals to ,8 p1 t !y may walk 9 !m4 ,! way is holy 7comp4 rem>ks on *ap4 iv4 #c71 because inaccessible to ! pr(ane _w1 to ! unclean1 :o are n all[$ to di/urb ! righte\s walk+ on x2 comp4 v]4 #i1 :i* %[s h[ entirely out ( place is ! rem>k t ! au?or1 9 8 national hatr$1 w n all[ any ,g5tiles to walk along ) ! cov5ant-p4 ,x is only z conv]t$1 z fell[s & companions ( ! sa9ts1 t ! ,g5tiles are all[$ to ent] on ! way1 & n z unclean & _! enemies4 ,! circum/ance t ev5 ! fooli% _c miss ! way1 indicates ! abundant fulness ( ! salvation1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* x is s easily accessible2 & no human ef=t1 skill1 or excell5ce1 is requir$ to atta9 ! possession ( x4 ,v]4 #i4 ,no lion %all be !re1 nor any rav5\s bea/ g up !reon1 x %all n be f\nd !re2 & ! r$eem$ walk on x4 ,by ! lion1 ! rav5\s bea/1 hea!ni% wick$ness & tyranny1 ! _w's p[] p]nici\s to ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 is designat$2 comp4 rem>ks on *ap4 xi4 #g4 ,! ,"l decl>$ t ! fulfilm5t _h tak5 place1 :5 ,he said3 ,be ( good *e]1 ,i h ov]come ! _w4 ,v]4 #aj4 ,& ! ransom$ ( ! ,"l %all return & come to ,zion1 & ev]la/+ joy %all be ^u _! heads4 ,joy & gladness !y %all obta91 & sorr[ & sigh+ %all flee away4 ,,g5]al ,,prelim9>y ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,*apt]s ,,xl4-,,lxvi4 ,! hi/orical section1 *ap4 xxxvi4-xxxix41 =ms ! transition f ! fir/ to ! second "p ( ! prophecies ( ,isaiah4 ,its close is =m$ by ! ann\ncem5t ( ,judah's be+ c>ri$ away to ,babylon1 an ann\ncem5t :i* ,isaiah utt]$ to ,hezekiah aft] ! imp5d+ dang] f ! ,pg #afd ,assyrians _h be5 successfully w>d$ (f1 z _h be5 m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,9 *ap4 xxxix4 #f1 #g1 x is said3 ,behold days are com+1 & all t is 9 ?9e h\se1 & t :i* ?y fa!rs h laid up 9 /ore until ?is day1 %all be c>ri$ to ,babylon1 & no?+ %all be left1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,& ( ?y sons %all !y take away1 & !y %all be eunu*s 9 ! palace ( ! k+ ( ,babylon4 ,9 ?is ann\ncem5t1 we h at ! same "t ! conc5tration ( ! rebuk+ & ?reat5+ mission ( ! ,prophet1 & ! po9t f :i* proce$s ! com=t+ mission :i*1 9 ! second "p1 is pre-em95tly att5d$ to4 ,?is second "p at once beg9s ) ! words3 ,com=t ye1 com=t ye my p1 :i* /& 9 close/ connection ) ! prec$+ ann\ncem5t ( a great calamity1 yea1 ev5 necess>ily dem& ?is4 ,x is j = ?is reason t ! hi/orical *apt]s _c be a lat] addition & int]polation1 b mu/ be an orig9al elem5t ( ! collection writt5 by ! ,prophet himself4#a ,! cont5ts ( ! second "p are /at$ at once1 & g5]ally1 9 ! introductory words1 *ap4 xl4 #a1 #b3 ,com=t ye1 com=t ye my p1 sai? y\r ,god4 ,speak to ! he>t ( ,j]usalem1 & cry unto h] t h] w>f>e is accompli%$1 t h] iniquity is p>don$1 t %e receives ( ! ,"l's h& d\ble = all h] s9s4 ,! com=t mu/1 accord+ly1 =m ! fundam5tal "* ( ! second "p4 ,b s9ce1 = ! p ( ,god1 !re does n exi/ any purely ext]nal salvation2 s9ce1 = !m1 salvation is indissolubly connect$ ) rep5tance1--exhortation mu/ necess>ily g h& ill h& ) ! ann\ncem5t ( salvation4 ,?is second feature & elem5t conceal$ beh9d ! fir/1 is1 moreov]1 expressly br\ght =w>d 9 :at imm$iately foll[s1 inasmu* z by x ! ,com=t ye does n receive any addition1 ,pg #afe b is only comm5t$ ^u & enl>g$4 ,! s]vants ( ! ,"l 7! :ole *orus ( ! mess5g]s ( ! div9e salvation is address$ 9 v]s4 #c1 #e71 comply+ ) ,8 comm&1 ann\nce ! imp5d+ salvation1 designat+ x z a manife/ation ( ! ,"l's glory1 & exhort to a wor?y prep>ation = x4 ,v]s4 #c & #d treat ( prep>+ 9 ! des]t a high-way = ! ,"l1 :o is to manife/ himself glori\sly4 ,! way is prep>$ by rep5tance2 ! des]t symbolizes ! condition ( bodily & spiritual mis]y4 ,x is f ?is mis]able condition t ! ,"l is to deliv] & r$eem ,8 p2 b 9 ord] t ,he may p]=m ,8 "p1 !y mu/1 previ\sly1 h p]=m$ !irs4 ,9 v]4 #e1 ?is manife/ation itself is describ$1 ) :i* is connect$ ! fulness ( salvation = ! cov5ant-p4 ,! s]vants ( ,god are to ann\nce ! approa* ( salvation to m\rn+ ,j]usalem1 9 :i* ! cov5ant-p appe>s to ! ,prophet z p]sonifi$4 7,j]usalem does n /& = ! c>ri$ away ,zionites2 x is an ideal p]son1 ! afflict$ & b[$ d[n wid[ sitt+ on ! gr\nd 9 sackclo?2 ! di/ress$ & m\rn+ "m ( ! *ildr5 p>tly c>ri$ away1 & p>tly kill$1--comp>e *ap4 iii4 #bf1 :]e ,j]usalem1 desolate & empti$1 sits ^u ! gr\nd47 ,b ?is salvation c be grant$ to ^? only ^: he>ts are prep>$ to receive x4 ,?us ! ann\ncem5t ( salvation is prec$$ by ! ,greek3 metanoeite1 by ! call to remove all ! ob/acles :i* r5d] impassable ! pa? ?r\gh ! des]t into ! l& ( promise2 :i* r5d] impossible ! transition f mis]y to salvation2 :i* prev5t ! ,"l f com+ to ,8 p 9 _! mis]y1 & lead+ !m out f x4 ,!n1 to ^? :o h compli$ ) ! exhortation1 ! manife/ation ( ! glory ( ! ,"l is promis$--,he comes to !m1 9 a glori\s manife/ation1 9 ! way :i*1 9 ! p[] ( ,8 ,_s1 !y h prep>$ & op5$ up to ,him--& 91 & ) x1 all ! glori\s ?+s :i*1 accord+ to v]4 #b1 ! s]vants ( ! ,"l 7 to promise reg>d+ ! ,future4 ,! com=t (t5times moves 9 g5]al t]ms1 & consi/s 9 po9t+ to a ,future full ( salvation & grace4 ,b1 9 o!r passages1 ! ann\ncem5t ( salvation is m individualis$1 becomes m special4 ,^! special ann\ncem5ts ,pg #aff ref] to a tw(old object1 ,fir/--,! ,prophet com=ts 8 p by ann\nc+ ! deliv]ance f ! ,babyloni% captivity4 ,?is deliv]ance he describes by ! mo/ lovely images1 frequ5tly tak5 f ! deliv]ance ( ! p f ,egypt4 ,b x is to be well obs]v$ t ev5 ^? prophecies :i* pre-em95tly ref] to ! l[] object1 h some?+ exub]ant & ov]fl[+2 s t1 ev5 aft] hav+ be5 fulfill$1 !y _c be look$ ^u z antiquat$4 ,he /ates ! "n ( ! rul]1 ,kore%1 ! k+ f ! ris+ ( ! sun1 :o1 s5t by ! ,"l1 %all puni% ! oppressors ( ,zion1 & br+ back ! p to _! l&4 ,! second object is ! deliv]ance & salvation by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! ,messiah1 :o1 aft] hav+ pass$ ?r\gh humiliation1 suff]+1 & dea?1 & hav+ !reby effect$ r$emption1 w remove f ! glorifi$ ,k+dom ( ,god all ! evil occasion$ by s94 ,( ?is high] salvation ! s\l ( ! ,prophet is s full1 t ! ref]5ces to x are con/antly press+ =w>d1 ev5 :]e1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 he has to d ) ! l[] salvation4 ,9 ! description ( ! high] salvation1 ! relation ( "t is n obs]v$4 ,n[1 ! ,prophet beholds its ,au?or 9 ,8 humiliation & suff]+2 !n1 ! mo/ di/ant ,future ( ! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/ pres5ts itself to 8 enraptur$ eye1--! "t 9 :i* ! ,g5tile _w1 ali5at$ f ,god1 %all h return$ to ,him2 :5 all t is oppos$ to ,god %all h be5 de/roy$2 :5 inw>d & outw>d peace %all prevail1 & all ! evil caus$ by s9 %all h be5 remov$4 ,elevat$ above "t & space1 f ! height 9 :i* ! ,holy ,_s has plac$ him1 he surveys ! :ole developm5t ( ! ,messianic ,k+dom1 f its small beg9n+s to its glori\s end4 ,:ile ! fir/ "p1 conta9+ ! pr$ictions :i* ! ,prophet utt]$ = ! pres5t g5]ation dur+ ! "t ( 8 m9i/ry1 consi/s ma9ly ( s+le prophecies :i*1 sep>at$ by "t & occasion1 7 fir/ made publicly kn[n s+ly1 & aft]w>ds unit$ 9 a collect$ :ole1 hav+ be5 m>k$ out z diff]5t prophecies1 ei!r by inscriptions1 or 9 any o!r di/+ui%able way1--! second "p1 de/9$ z a legacy = po/]ity1 =ms a cont9u\s1 collect$ :ole4 ,! fact1 fir/ obs]v$ by ,fr4 ,rck]t1 t x is divid$ into ?ree sections or books1 is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 indicat$ by ! ,pg #afg circum/ance t1 at ! close ( *ap4 xlviii4 & *ap4 lvii41 ! same ?\ght recurs 9 ! same words3 ,!re is no peace1 sai? ! ,"l1 unto ! wick$2 & t ! same ?\ght1 viz4 ! exclusion ( ! wick$ f ! promis$ salvation1 is f\nd also a ?ird "t at ! close ( ! :ole1 al?\gh !re 9 ano!r =m4 ,yet1 if no?+ else c\ld be advanc$ 9 fav\r ( ?is tri-p>tition1 we might p]haps be p]mitt$ to speak ( an accid5t z ,knobel inde$ does4 ,b a clos] consid]ation %[s t ! ?ree sections are1 inw>dly & ess5tially1 di/+ui%$ f "o ano!r4 ,beyond *ap4 xlviii4 #bb1 !re is no f>!r m5tion ( ,babel1 :i* 9 ! fir/ book is m5tion$ f\r times 7*ap4 xliii4 #ad1 xlvii4 #a1 xlviii4 #ad1 #bj72 nor ( ! ,*aldeans1 :i* occur !re five times 7*ap4 xliii4 #ad1 xlvii4 #a1 #e1 xlviii4 #ad1 #bj72 nor any f>!r m5tion ( ,kore%1 nei!r ( 8 "n 7*ap4 xliv4 #bh1 xlv4 #a71 nor ( 8 p]son1 :i* 9 *ap4 xl4-xlviii4 is s prom95tly br\ght be=e u 7*ap4 xli4 #b1 #be1 xlvi4 #aa1 xlviii4 #ad1 #ae1 i4e4 imm$iately at ! beg9n+1 aft] ! introduction conta9$ 9 *ap4 xl41 at ! close1 & sev]al times 9 ! middle72 nor ( ,bel & ,nebo4 ,f>!r--,! :ole fir/ book is p]vad$ ) ! argum5tation by :i* ! ,god ( ,israel is prov$ to be ! true ,god1 f ,8 hav+ =etold ! deliv]ance to be effect$ by ,kore%4 ,?is argum5tation we meet ) 9 *ap4 xli41 imm$iately aft] ! introductory *ap4 xl41 & s /ill 9 ! la/ *ap4 xlviii42 b nev] aga9 aft]w>ds4 ,) ! end ( ! fir/ book1 ?is argu+ & prov+ f prophecy1 t ! ,"l is ! true ,god1 z well z ! ref]5ce to ,kore%1 ! subject ( ?is prophecy1 altoge!r disappe>4 ,b1 9 l mann]1 ! ann\ncem5t ( a p]sonal ,messiah is want+ 9 ! fir/ book1 ! sole exception be+ *ap4 xlii4 #a-i1 :]e1 aft] ! fir/ ann\ncem5t ( ! au?or ( ! l[] salvation1 ! ,au?or ( ! high] salvation is1 by way ( anticipation1 contra/$ ) him4 ,to give a m m9ute & f9i%$ description ( ! ,au?or ( ! high] salvation is ! object ( ! second book4 ,9 ! ?ird book1 ! p]son ( ! ,r$eem] is spok5 ( briefly only1 is1 z x 71 only h9t$ at1 9 ord] to connect ?is book ) ! second2 j z1 by *ap4 xlii41 ! fir/ book is connect$ ) ! second4 ,! ?ird book 9 s f> z x is promis+1 is tak5 up ) ! description ( ! ,pg #afh glory ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 9 t new /age ^u :i* x ent]s by ! ,r$eem]1--a glory1 ! culm9at+ po9t ( :i* is ! creation ( ! new heav5s & ! new e>?1 *ap4 lxv4 #ag1 lxvi4 #bb4 ,a description ( ! glory ( ,zion1 l t 9 *ap4 lxii41 is n f\nd 9 ! fir/ & second book4 ,9 ! ?ird book1 h[ev]1 repro( & exhortation prevail1 9 contradi/9ction to ! fir/ & second book1 9 :i* ! direct promise prevails4 ,a transition f ?is1 h[ev]1 to ! repro( & exhortation1 is made at ! close ( ! second book4 ,f *ap4 lv4 #a1 ! prea*+ ( rep5tance appe>s fir/ int]m+l$ ) ! ann\ncem5t ( salvation4 ,up to t ! prevail+ t5d5cy ( ! ,prophet _h be51 ?r\gh\t1 to com=t ! godly2 b f *ap4 lv4 #a1 ! o!r t5d5cy %[s itself by ! side ( x1 t ( call+ s9n]s to rep5tance1 by :i* alone !y c obta9 a p>ticipation 9 ! promis$ salvation4 ,9 *ap4 lvi4 #i1 lvii4 #ba1 ! latt] t5d5cy appe>s di/9ctly & exclusively4 ,! second book _h comm5c$ ) ! ann\ncem5t ( salvation1 & !nce to ! close _h advanc$ to repro( & ?reat5+4 ,! ?ird book takes ! opposite c\rse2 & ?us ! two pr9cipal portions ( repro( & ?reat5+ bord] ^u "o ano!r4 ,yet1 ! repro( & ?reat5+ d n g on )\t int]ruption & di/9ction1 s t no b\nd>y l9e c\ld be recogniz$ betwe5 ! two books4 ,at ! close ( ! second book1 ! ,prophet has preem95tly to d ) apo/ates1 :ile1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird1 he has to d ) hypocrites2 s t ?us ^! two portions ( repro( supplem5t "o ano!r1 & conjo9tly =m a complete disclosure ( ! prevail+ corruption1 accord+ to its two pr9cipal t5d5cies4 ,b ! ?ird book is di/+ui%$ f ! second by ?is circum/ance1 t 9 x repro( & ?reat5+ are n limit$ to ! beg9n+1 :i* corresponds ) ! close ( ! second book4 ,at ! close ( *ap4 lix4 ! ,prophet returns to ! ann\ncem5t ( salvation2 b ) *ap4 lxiii4 #g1 a new prea*+ ( rep5tance comm5ces1 :i* goes on to ! end ( *ap4 lxiv4 ,! ,prophet1 9 ! ,_s1 transposes himself into ! "t :5 ! visitation has already tak5 place1 & puts into ! m\? ( ! p ! words by :i* !y are1 at t "t1 to supplicate = ! m]cy ( ! ,"l4 ,?is disc\rse ,pg #afi implies :at has prec$$4 ,9 ! view ( ! glori\s manife/ation ( ! ,"l's m]cy & grace :i* are !re exhibit$1 ! ,prophet calls "h ^u ! p to rep5t & be conv]t$1 9 ord] t !y may become p>tak]s ( t m]cy4 ,if !y1 z a p1 are anxi\s to atta9 t object1 !y mu/ repeat :at ! ,prophet "h pron\nces be=e !m4 ,b t up to ?is "t has n be5 done1 & h5ce t has tak5 place :i* is spok5 ( by ,/ ,paul3 ,! election h obta9$ x1 b ! re/ h be5 bl9d$4 ,9 *ap4 lxv41 :i* conta9s ! ,"l's answ] to ?is rep5t+ pray] ( ! p1 & is no?+ else ?an an indirect p>a5esis1 repro( & ?reat5+ likewise prevail1 & x is only at ! close t ! promise appe>s4 ,! la/ *apt]1 too1 beg9s ) repro( & ?reat5+4 ,rightly h ! ,*ur* ,fa!rs call$ ,isaiah ! ,evangeli/ among ! prophets4 ,?is appe>s also f ! circum/ance t ! repro( is s ?or\ghly an app5dage ( ! promise1 t x is only at ! close1 aft] ! :ole ri*es ( ! promise h be5 exhibit$1 t x exp&s itself ,x appe>s1 f>!r1 also f ! circum/ance t1 ev5 9 ! la/ book1 ! ?reat5+ does n prevail exclusively1 b t1 ev5 !re1 x is /ill int]wov5 ) ! mo/ glori\s promises :i* are s exce$+ly fitt$ to allure s9n]s to rep5tance4 ,9 ! :ole ( ! second "p1 ! ,prophet1 z a rule1 takes 8 /& 9 ! "t :i* 0 ann\nc$ & =etold 9 ! =m] prophecies1 & especially1 ) ! greate/ cle>ness & di/9ctness1 9 *ap4 xxxix41 on ! ?re%old ( ! second "p1--! "t :5 ,j]usalem is captur$ by ! ,*aldeans1 ! temple de/roy$1 ! c\ntry desolat$1 & ! p c>ri$ away4 ,x is 9 ?is "t t he ?9ks1 feels1 & acts2 x has become pres5t to him2 f x he looks out into ! ,future1 yet 9 su* a mann] t he does n ev]y:]e consi/5tly ma9ta9 ?is ideal /&-po9t4 ,he addresses 8 disc\rse to ! p p9+ away 9 captivity & mis]y4 ,he com=ts !m by op5+ up a view into a bett] ,future1 & exhorts !m to remove by rep5tance ! ob/acles to ! com+ salvation4 ,rationali/ic ,exegesis1 ev]y:]e little able to sympa?ize )1 & ent] into exi/+ circum/ances & conditions1 & always ready to make its own %ad[y1 co>se views ! rule ,pg #agj & arbit]1 has be5 little able to ent] into1 & sympa?ize ) ?is ideal /&-po9t occupi$ by ! ,prophet2 nor has x _h ! e>ne/ w to d s4 ,to its rationali/ic t5d5cies1 :i* took (f5ce at ! cle> k ( ! ,future1 a welcome pretext 0 "h (f]$4 ,?us ! op9ion arose1 t ! second "p 0 n writt5 by ,isaiah1 b 0 ! "w ( "s anonym\s prophet1 liv+ ab\t ! end ( ! exile1--an op9ion :i*1 at ! "t ( ! absolute dom9ion ( ,rationalism1 has obta9$ s firm a foot+1 t x has become all b an axiom1 &1 by ! p[] ( tradition1 c>ries away ev5 su* z w\ld n ?9k ( ent]ta9+ x1 if !y 7 to ent] indep5d5tly & )\t prejudice ^u ! inve/igation4 ,! fact :i* "h meets u does n by any means /& isolat$4 ,! prophets did n prophesy 9 ! /ate ( rational reflection1 b 9 ex/asis4 ,z ev5 _! ord9>y "n1 se]s1 indicates1 ! objects 7 pres5t$ to !m 9 inw>d vision4 ,!y did n behold ! ,future f a di/ance1 b !y 7 rapt into ! future4 ,?is inw>d vision is frequ5tly reflect$ 9 _! repres5tation4 ,v frequ5tly1 t appe>s ) !m z pres5t :i*1 9 reality1 0 /ill future4 ,!y depict ! ,future be=e ! eyes ( _! he>]s & read]s1 & ?us1 z x 71 by =ce1 drag !m into x out ( ! ,pres5t1 ! co]c+ =ce ( :i* ex]ts s p]nici\s an influ5ce ^u !m4 ,our ,prophet expressly intimates ?is peculi> mann] ( ! prophetic ann\ncem5t by mak+1 9 *ap4 xlix4 #g1 ! ,"l say3 ,fir/ ,i said to ,zion3 ,behold !re1 behold !re1 by :i* ! graphic "* ( prophecy is precisely express$1 & by :i* x is intimat$ t he>]s & read]s 7 l$ 9 rem praes5tem by ! prophets4 ,ev5 gramm> has long ago ackn[l$g$ ?is fact1 inasmu* z x speaks ( ,praet]ita prophetica1 i4e41 su* z d5ote ! ideal ,pa/1 9 contra/ to ^? :i* d5ote ! real ,pa/4 ,unless we h atta9$ to ?is view & insight1 x is only by inconsi/5cy t we c escape f ,ei*horn's view1 t ! prophecies are1 = ! mo/ "p1 disguis$ hi/orical descriptions1--a view into :i* ev5 expositors1 su* z ,ewald & ,hitzig1 frequ5tly relapse4 ,frequ5tly1 ! :ole ( ! ,future appe>s ) ! prophets 9 ! =m ( ! ,pres5t4 ,at o!r times1 !y take _! /& 9 ! ,pg #aga m imm$iate ,future2 & ?is becomes to !m ! ideal ,pres5t1 f :i* !y direct ! eye to ! di/ant ,future4 ,f ! ri* /ore ( pro(s :i* we c adduce = our view1 we %all "h m5tion only a few4 ,?is mode ( repres5tation meets u frequ5tly s e>ly z 9 ! p>t+ hymn ( ,moses1 ,deut4 xxxii41 :i* may be consid]$ z ! g]m ( all prophetism2 comp>e e4g4 v]s4 #g & #h4 ,on ! latt] v]se1 ,cl]icus rem>ks3 ,moses m\rns ov] ?is 9 8 hymn1 z if x 7 already pa/1 because he =esees t x w be s1 & he1 9 ! ,_s1 transf]s himself into ^? future times1 & says t :i* !n only %\ld be said4 ,9 ,isaiah himself1 ! v fir/ *apt] pres5ts a rem>kable pro( ,! ,pres5t 9 *ap4 i4 #e-i is n a real1 b an ideal ,pres5t4 ,9 ! ,_s1 ! ,prophet transf]s himself into ! "t ( ! calamity imp5d+ ^u ! apo/ate p1 &1 /epp+ back ^u ! real ,pres5t1 he1 9 ! f>!r c\rse ( ! prophecy1 pr$icts ?is calamity z future4 ,! reasons = ?is view h be5 ?or\ghly /at$1 ev5 to exhau/ion1 by ,casp>i1 9 8 ,beitrge zur ,e9leitung 9 das ,bu* ,jesaia4 ,9 ! second half ( v]4 #b1 ! k+dom appe>s z fl\ri%+ & p[]ful4 ,to ! same result we are l$ also by ! description ( ! ri* sacrificial wor%ip 9 v]s4 #ae-ai4 ,if1 !n1 we view v]s4 #e-i z a description ( ! ,pres5t1 we obta9 an irreconcilable contradiction4 ,f>!r--,ev]y:]e else ,isaiah always connects1 ) ! description ( ! s91 t ( ! puni%m5t foll[+ ^u x1 b nev] t ( ! puni%m5t :i* has foll[$ x4--,9 *ap4 v4 #ac1 9 a prophecy f ! fir/ "t ( 8 m9i/ry1 ! future c>ry+ away ( ! p pres5ts itself to ! ,prophet z pres5t4 ,simil>ly1 9 v]s4 #be1 #bf1 ! ,praet4 & ,fut4 ) ,vav ,conv4 mu/ be und]/ood prophetically2 = 9 *ap4 i4-v41 ! ,prophet has1 ?r\gh\t1 to d ) future calamity4 ,9 ! ,pres5t1 accord+ to v]4 #ai1 ! p are yet 9 a condition ( prosp]ity & luxury1--z yet1 x is ! "t ( mock+2 x is only ( future calamity t v]s4 #e & #f 9 ! p>able speak (1 ! ?reat5+s ( :i* are "h detail$ & exp&$4--,9 ! prophecy aga9/ ,tyre1 *ap4 xxiii41 ! ,prophet beholds z pres5t ! siege by ! ,*aldeans imp5d+ ov] ! city1 & describes ,pg #agb z an eye-witness ! flight ( ! inhabitants1 & ! impression :i* ! intellig5ce ( _! calamity makes ^u ! nations connect$ ) !m4 ,f ! m imm$iate ,future1 :i* to him has become pres5t1 he !n ca/s a glance to ! m di/ant4 ,he ann\nces t aft] #gj ye>s--c\nt+ n f ! real1 b f ! ideal ,pres5t--! city %all aga9 atta9 to its anci5t greatness4 ,8 look !n rises /ill high]1 & he beholds h[ at l5g?1 9 ! days ( ,messiah1 ! ,tyrians %all be receiv$ into ! communion ( ! true ,god4--,! future disp]sion & c>ry+ away ( ! p is anticipat$ by ! ,prophet 9 ! passage1 *ap4 xi4 #aa1 also1 :i* may be consid]$ z a compreh5sive view ( ! :ole second "p4--,x is true t1 9 ! second "p1 z a rule1 ! mis]y1 & n ! salvation1 appe>s z pres5t2 b1 n unfrequ5tly1 ! latt]1 too1 is view$ z pres5t by ! ,prophet1 & spok5 ( 9 ,pret]ites1 comp4 e4g41 *ap4 xl4 #b1 xlvi4 #a1 #b1 li4 #c1 lii4 #i1 #aj1 lx4 #a4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,prophet is to be measur$ by ! ord9>y rule1 ^! passages1 too1 mu/ h be5 writt5 at a "t :5 ! salvation _h already tak5 place4--,9 *ap4 xlv4 #bj1 ! escap$ ( ! nations are ^? ,g5tiles :o h be5 sp>$ 9 ! div9e judgm5ts4 ,!y are to become wise by ! suff]+s ( o!rs4 ,! ,prophet takes 8 /& 9 a "t :5 ^! judgm5ts1 :i* 7 to be inflict$ by ,cyrus1 _h already be5 complet$4 ,ev5 ^? :o ma9ta9 ! spuri\sness ( ! second "p mu/ "h ackn[l$ge t ! ,prophet takes 8 /& 9 an ideal ,pres5t4--,9 *ap4 liii4 ! ,prophet takes 8 /& betwe5 ! suff]+s & ! glorification ( ! ,messiah4 ,! suff]+s appe> to him z pa/2 ! glorification he repres5ts z future4 ,hosea _h1 9 *ap4 xiii41 pr$ict$ to ,israel great div9e judgm5ts1 ! desolation ( ! c\ntry1 & ! c>ry+ away ( its inhabitants by p[]ful enemies4 ,?is puni%m5t & judgm5t appe> 9 *ap4 xiv4 #a 7xiii4 #af7 z /ill future2 b 9 v]4 #b 7#a ff47 he transf]s himself 9 _s to ! "t :5 ^! judgm5ts _h already be5 inflict$4 ,he anticipates ! ,future z hav+ already tak5 place1 & does n by any means exhort 8 contempor>ies to a s9c]e rep5tance1 b ^? ^u :om ! calamity _h already be5 inflict$3 ,o ,israel1 return unto ! ,"l ?y ,god2 = ,pg #agc ?\ ha/ fall5 by ?9e iniquity4 ,?is p>allel passage %ews especially1 ) :at "r x has be5 ass]t$ t ! addresses to ! p p9+ away 9 exile 7 out ( place 9 ! m\? ( ,isaiah1 :o1 z he liv$ #aej ye>s be=e1 c\ld prophesy only ( ! exil$ 7,knobel74--,micah says 9 *ap4 iv4 #h 7comp>e vol4 i41 p4 #ddi ff473 ,& ?\ t[] ( ! flock1 hill ( ! daught] ( ,zion1 unto !e x w come1 & to !e come? ! =m] dom9ion4 ,if ! ,prophet1 a cotempor>y ( ,isaiah1 speaks "h ( a =m] dom9ion1 & ann\nces t x %all aga9 come back to ! h\se ( ,david1 he transf]s himself f 8 "t1 9 :i* ! royal family ( ,david /ill exi/$ & fl\ri%$1 into t p]iod ( :i* he _h j be=e spok51 & dur+ :i* ! dom9ion ( ! ,davidic dyna/y 0 to cease4 ,9 v]s4 #i1 #aj3 ,n[ :y do/ ?\ raise a cry6 ,is !re no k+ 9 !e1 or is ?y c\nsellor gone8 ,= pangs h seiz$ !e z a woman 9 travail1 c41 m\rn+ ,zion1 at ! "t ( ! c>ry+ away ( h] sons into captivity1 /&s be=e ! eye ( ! ,prophet1 & is address$ by him4 7,9 comm5t+ ^u ?is passage1 we po9t$ already to ,hosea xiii4 #i-aa z an analog\s in/ance ( repres5t+ z pres5t ! "t ( ! calamity47 ,! mom5t ( ! c>ry+ away into exile =ms to him ! ,pres5t2 ! deliv]ance f x1 ! ,future3 ,!re %alt ?\ be deliv]$1 !re ! ,"l ?y ,god %all r$eem !e out ( ! h& ( ?9e enemies4 ,9 *ap4 vii4 #g1 ,micah introduces1 z speak+1 ! p already c>ri$ away into exile1 & makes !m decl>e bo? ! ju/ice ( ! div9e puni%m5t1 & _! confid5ce 9 ! div9e m]cy4 ,9 ! answ] ( ! ,"l also1 v]4 #aa1 ! city is suppos$ to be de/roy$2 = ,he promises t h] walls %all be rebuilt4--,! anticipation ( ! ,future prevails ?r\gh\t ! :ole prophecy ( ,obadiah also4 ,! song ( ,habakkuk 9 *ap4 iii4 takes its /& 9 ! mid/ ( ! anticipat$ mis]y4 ,9 ! ann\ncem5t ( ! invasion ( ! ,*aldeans 9 *ap4 i4 #f ff41 ! ,future pres5ts itself 9 ! =m ( ! ,pres5t4 ,"h1 z 9 ! case ( ,obadiah1 ,hitzig & o!rs1 ov]look+ & misund]/&+ ?is prophetic peculi>ity1 & consid]+ ! ideal1 to be ! real ,pres5t1 h be5 l$ to fix ! age ( ! ,prophet 9 a mann] notori\sly errone\s4--,j]emiah1 9 *ap4 iii4 #bb1 #be1 ,pg #agd introduces z speak+ ! ,israel ( ! ,future4 ,9 *ap4 xxx4 & xxxi41 he anticipates ! future c>ry+ away ( ,judah4 ,ev5 9 ! ,psalms we p]ceive a fa9t trace ( ?is prophetic peculi>ity4 ,on ,ps4 xciii4 #a3 ,! ,"l reigne?1 ,he ha? clo!d himself ) maje/y1 c41 we rem>k$3 ,! ,pret]ites are to be expla9$ f ! circum/ance t ! ,s+] z a se] has ! ,future be=e 8 eyes4 ,he beholds rejoic+ly h[ ! ,"l ent]s ^u ,8 ,k+dom1 puts on ! g>m5t ( maje/y1 & girds himself ) ! sword ( /r5g? 9 ! face ( ! pr\d _w4 ,a simil> anticipation ( r$emption1 ev5 be=e ! cata/rophe has tak5 place1 we meet ) 9 ,ps4 xciv4 #a4 ,! situation 9 ! :ole ,psalm1 yea 9 ! :ole cycle to :i* x belongs1 ! lyrical e*o ( ! second "p ( ,isaiah1 is n a real1 b an ideal "o4 ,?is cycle be>s witness t ! s+]s & se]s ( ,israel 7 liv+ 9 ! ,future1 9 a mann] :i* x w\ld be s mu* ! great] folly to measure by our rule z1 = ! p ( ! ,old ,cov5ant1 ! ,future _h a significance altoge!r diff]5t f t :i* x has = ! p ( ! ,new ,cov5ant4 ,t :i* is common to all ! ,psalms1 f xciii4 onw>d1 is ! confid5t expectation ( a glori\s manife/ation ( ! ,"l1 :i* ! ,psalmi/1 foll[+ ! example ( ! prophets1 beholds z pres5t4 ,a c\nt]p>t is ! cycle ,ps4 cxxxviii4-cxlv41 9 :i* ,david1 /irr$ up by ! promise 9 #b ,sam4 vii41 accompanies 8 h\se ?r\gh\t hi/ory4 ,sev]al int]pret]s _c altoge!r resi/ ! =ce ( ^! facts4 ,!y grant t o!r prophets also sometimes1 9 ! ,_s1 transf] !mselves into lat] times1 especially into ! ideali/ic times ( ! ,messiah1 & draw _! argum5ts f ! circum/ance only1 t ! latt] aga9 came back to _! p]sonal /& po9t1 :il/ our ,prophet cont9ues cleav+ to ! lat] "t4 ,n[ x is true1 & mu/ be conc$$1 t ?is mode ( repres5tation is "h employ$ to an ext5t great] ?an x is any:]e else 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,b1 9 matt]s ( ?is k9d1 measur+ by ! ell is q out ( place4 ,9 o!r respects also1 ! second "p ( ,isaiah /&s out z q unique4 ,!re is1 9 ! :ole ,old ,te/am5t1 no o!r cont9u\s prophecy :i* has s absolutely & pre-em95tly proce$$ f cura po/]itatis4 ,if ,pg #age x be ackn[l$g$ t ! prophesy+ activity ( ,isaiah falls into two great divisions1--! "o--! results ( :i* are conta9$ 9 ! fir/ #ci *apt]s--*iefly1 pre-em95tly inde$1 de/9$ = ! ,pres5t2 ! o!r1--:i* lies be=e u 9 ! second "p1 belong+ to ! ev5+ ( ! ,prophet's life--=m+ a prophetical legacy1 & h5ce1 !re=e1 nev] deliv]$ 9 public1 b only committ$ to writ+2--!n we %all f9d x q natural t ! ,prophet1 writ+1 z he did1 *iefly = ! ,future1 %\ld "h also take 8 /& 9 ! ,future1 to a l>g] ext5t ?an he has else:]e done4 ,t x is 9 ?is mann] only t ?is fact is to be acc\nt$ =1 appe>s f ! circum/ance t1 al?\gh our ,prophet s ext5sively & frequ5tly repres5ts ! ,pa/ z ,pres5t1 yet he passes ov]1 9 num]\s passages1 f ! ideal into ! real ,pres5t4#b ,we f9d a numb] ( ref]5ces :i* d n at all suit ! condition ( ?+s aft] ! exile1 b necess>ily require ! age ( ,isaiah1 or1 at lea/1 ! "t be=e ! exile4 ,if ,isaiah be ! au?or1 ^! passages are easily acc\nt$ =4 ,x is true t1 9 ! ,_s1 he _h transf]r$ himself into ! "t ( ! ,babyloni% exile2 & ?is "t _h become ,pres5t to him4 ,b x w\ld surely be suspici\s to u1 if ! real ,pres5t _h n sometimes prevail$1 & attract$ ! eye ( ! ,prophet4 ,x is j ?us1 h[ev]1 t we f9d x4 ,! ,prophet frequ5tly /eps out ( 8 ideal view & position1 & ref]s to conditions & circum/ances ( 8 "t4 ,n[1 he has be=e 8 eyes ! condition ( ! unhappy p 9 ! ,babyloni% exile2 !n1 ! ,/ate /ill exi/+ at 8 "t1 b int]nally d]ang$ by idolatry & apo/acy4 ,?is app>5t contradiction _c be reconcil$ 9 any o!r way ?an by assum+ t ,isaiah is ! au?or4 ,z a rule1 ! puni%m5t appe>s z already inflict$2 city & temple z de/roy$2 ! c\ntry z deva/at$2 ! p z c>ri$ away2 comp>e e4g41 *ap4 lxiv4 #aj1 #aa4 ,b 9 a s]ies ( passages1 9 :i* ! ,prophet /eps back f ! ideal1 to ! real /&-po9t1 ! puni%m5t appe>s z /ill future2 city & temple z /ill exi/+4 ,9 *ap4 xliii4 ,pg #agf #bb-bh1 ! ,prophet meets ! delusion1 z if ,god _h *os5 ,israel on acc\nt ( _! des]ts4 ,f> f hav+ br\ght ab\t _! deliv]ance by _! own m]its1 !y1 on ! contr>y1 s9n$ ?us aga9/ ,him1 t1 to ! inw>d apo/acy1 !y add$ ! outw>d also4 ,! great] "p ( ,israel _h left (f ! wor%ip ( ! ,"l by sacrifices4 ,x is ! m]cy alone ( ! ,"l :i* w deliv] !m f ! mis]y into :i* !y h plung$ !mselves by _! s9s4 ,b h[ c ! ,"l *>ge ! p 9 exile = ! omission ( a s]vice :i*1 accord+ to ,8 own law1 !y c\ld (f] to ,him 9 _! native c\ntry only1 9 ! temple consecrat$ to ,him1 b !n de/roy$8 ,! words specially3 ,put me 9 remembrance1 9 v]4 #bf1 ( :at ,i %\ld h =gott51 imply t !re exi/$ a possibility ( acquir+ app>5t m]its1 & t1 h5ce1 ! view ( our oppon5ts :o1 9 v]s4 #bb-bd1 ?9k ( a compulsory1 & h5ce1 guiltless omission ( ! sacrificial s]vice dur+ ! exile1 mu/ be reject$4 ,v]s4 #bg1 #bh also1 :i* speak ( ! puni%m5t :i* ,israel des]ves1 j on acc\nt ( ! omitt$ s]vice ( ! ,"l1 & :i* x has f\nd 9 ! way ( its works1 prove t ?is view mu/ be reject$1 & t v]s4 #bb-bd conta9 a repro(4 ,! passage c1 h5ce1 h be5 writt5 only at ! "t :5 ! temple 0 /ill /&+4 ,( ?is !re c s mu* ! less be any d\bt t1 9 v]s4 #bg1 #bh1 ! exile is expressly designat$ z future3 ,?y fir/ fa!r 7! high-prie/ly (fice7 ha? s9n$1 & ?y m$iators h transgress$ aga9/ me4 7,! sacrificial s]vice 0 by a disgraceful syncretism pr(an$ ev5 by ^? ^: (fice x 0 to att5d to x74 ,!re=e ,i w pr(ane ! pr9ces ( ! sanctu>y1 & w give ,jacob to ! curse1 & ,israel to reproa*es4 ,ev5 ,hebrew3 va,hll is ! common ,future1 & to ,hebrew3 vatnh ! ,hebrew3 h optativum is add$2 & h5ce1 we _c by any means translate & expla9 x by3 ,i gave4--,9 *ap4 lvi4 #i1 x is said3 ,all ye bea/s ( ! field come ye to dev\r all ! bea/s 9 ! =e/4 ,?is utt]ance /&s 9 connection ) ! ,hebrew3 lnqbciv1 at ! close ( ! prec$+ v]se4 ,! ga!r+ ( ,israel by ,god ! good ,%eph]d1 promis$ !re1 mu/ be prec$$ by ! scatt]+1 by be+ giv5 up to ! _w's p[]--m]cy1 by judgm5t4 ,by ! wild bea/s are to be und]/ood ! ,g5tiles :o %all be s5t by ,god ^u ,pg #agg ,8 p = puni%m5t4 ,?is mission !y mu/ fir/ fulfil be=e !y c1 accord+ to v]4 #h1 be add$ to1 & ga!r$ along )1 ! ga!r$ ones ( ,israel4 ,by ! bea/s 9 ! =e/1 brutaliz$1 degrad$1 & secul>iz$ ,israel is to be und]/ood1 comp4 ,j]4 xii4 #g-ab2 ,ezek4 xxxiv4 #e2 & my ,comm5t>y on ,rev4 ii4 #a4 ,! bea/s h n yet come2 !y are yet to come4 ,we c "h ?9k ( no?+ else ?an ! invasion ( ! ,*aldeans1 :i* ! ,prophet1 /epp+ back to ! /&-po9t ( 8 "t1 beholds "h z future2 :il/1 9 :at prec$es1 f 8 ideal /&-po9t1 :i* he _h tak5 9 ! ,babyloni% exile1 he _h1 = ! mo/ "p1 consid]$ x z pa/4--,9 *ap4 lvi4 #aj-ab1 we meet ) corrupt$ rul]s ( ! p1 :o are indol5t1 :5 ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u w>d+ (f ! dang]1 gre$y1 luxuri\s1 gorm&iz+ ^u :at !y h /ol54 ,! p are n "u =eign dom9ion1 b h rul]s ( _! own1 :o tyrannize ov]1 & impov]i% !m2 comp4 ,is4 *ap4 v42 ,micah1 *ap4 iii4--,9 *ap4 lvii4 #a1 x is said3 ,! righte\s p]i%e? & no man laye? x to he>t1 & ! m5 ( k9dness are tak5 away1 no "o consid]+ t1 on acc\nt ( ! evil1 ! righte\s is tak5 away4 ,! ,prophet m5tions x z a sign ( ! p's h>d5+ t1 9 ! dea? ( ! righte\s m5 :o 7 truly be>+ on _! he>ts ! welf>e ( ! :ole1 !y did n recognize a h>b+] ( sev]e div9e judgm5ts1 f :i*1 accord+ to a div9e m]ciful decree1 ^! righte\s 7 to be pres]v$ by an e>ly dea?4 ,on acc\nt ( ! evil1 i4e41 9 ord] to )draw !m f ! judgm5ts1 :i* 7 to be inflict$ ^u ! ungodly p1 comp4 ,g54 xv4 #ae2 #b ,k+s xxii4 #bj2 ,is4 xxxix4 #h4 ,! evil1 i4e4 accord+ to #b ,k+s xxii4 #bj1 ! ,*aldean cata/rophe1 appe>s "h z /ill future4 ,9 *ap4 lvii4 #b3 ,!y ent] 9 peace1 !y re/ 9 _! b$s :o h walk$ be=e !mselves 9 uprightness1 ! peace =ms ! contra/ to ! awful condition ( suff]+ :i* ! survivors h to enc\nt]4--,9 *ap4 lvii4 #i1 x is said3 ,& ?\ looke/ on ! k+ ano9t$ ) oil1 & increase/ ?y p]fumes1 & s5de/ ?y mess5g]s f> (f1 s5de/ !m d[n into hell4 ,! apo/acy f ! ,"l _! ,god is manife/$ n only 9 idolatry1 b also 9 _! n leav+ untri$ any means to ,pg #agh procure = !mselves human help]s1 9 _! c\rt+ human aid4 ,! p]sonification ( ,israel z a woman1 :i* took place 9 ! prec$+ v]ses1 is "h cont9u$4 ,%e leaves no means untri$ to height5 h] *>ms2 %e makes e ef=t to please ! mighty k+s4 ,! k+ is an ideal p]son compreh5d+ a real plurality )9 himself ,a p>allel passage1 9 :i* ! seek+ = help among =eign nations is repres5t$ "u ! same image1 is ,ezek4 xvi4 #bf ff41 comp4 ,hos4 xii4 #b 7#a74 ,x occurs also 9 imm$iate connexion ) seek+ help f ! idols1 9 *ap4 xxx4 #a ff4 ,! v]b ,hebrew3 wvr means always to see1 to look at2 & ?is signification is1 "h too1 q appropriate3 ,israel is coquett+ ) h] lov]1 ! k+4 ,! reproa* :i* ! ,prophet "h raises aga9/ ! p has no mean+ at all 9 ! "t ( ! exile1 :5 ! national indep5d5ce 0 gone4 ,we f9d ourselves all at once transf]r$ to ! "t ( ,isaiah1 :o1 9 *ap4 xxxi4 #a1 utt]s a woe ^u !m t g d[n to ,egypt = help1--:o1 9 *ap4 xxx4 #d1 compla9s3 ,8 pr9ces are at ,zo>1 & 8 ambassadors come to ,hanes1--:o1 9 *ap4 vii41 exhibits ! dang]\s consequ5ces ( seek+ help f ,as%ur4 ,! hi/orical po9t at issue is br\ght be=e u by passages su* z #b ,k+s xvi4 #g3 ,& ,ahaz s5t mess5g]s to ,tigla?piles]1 k+ ( ,assyria1 say+3 ,i am ?y s]vant & ?y son2 come up & save me out ( ! h& ( ! k+ ( ,aram1 & out ( ! h& ( ! k+ ( ,israel1 :o rise aga9/ me4--,9 *ap4 lvii4 #aa-ac1 ! ?\ght is ?is3 ,israel is n becom+ we>y ( seek+ help & salvation f o!rs ?an ,god4 ,b ,he w soon %[ t ,he alone is to be fe>$1 t ,he alone c help2 t !y are no?+ aga9/ :om1 & f :om help is s\ght4 ,! words 9 v]4 #aa3 ,am ,i n sil5t1 ev5 ( old2 !re=e ?\ fe>e/ me n1 /ate ! cause ( ! fooli% =getfulness ( ,god1 & h5ce =m ! transition to ! subsequ5t ann\ncem5t ( judgm5t4 ,! prophecy is utt]$ at a "t :5 ,israel /ill enjoy$ ! sp>+ div9e =be>ance1 inasmu* z = "t immemorial 7s9ce !y 7 9 ,egypt71 no de/ructive cata/rophe _h fall5 ^u !m4 ,x 0 9 ! ,babyloni% cata/rophe only t ! ,egyptian receiv$ its c\nt]p>t4 ,b h[ does ?is suit ! "t ( ! ,babyloni% exile1 :5 ! p 7 groan+ "u ! sev]e judgm5ts ( ,god1 ,pg #agi & _h n exp]i5c$ ,8 =be>ance1 b1 on ! contr>y1 = almo/ #gj ye>s1 ! full en]gy ( ,8 punitive ju/ice8 ,9 v]4 #ac1 x is said3 ,9 ?y cry+1 let ?y ho/s 7?y :ole ,pan!on s ri*1 & yet s mis]able7 help !e4 ,9 ?y cry+1 i4e41 :5 ?\1 9 ! judgm5t to be inflict$ ^u !e 9 future1 wilt cry = help4 ,9 *ap4 lxvi4 ! puni%m5t appe>s z future2 temple & city z /ill exi/+2 ! ,"l z yet en?ron$ 9 ,zion4 ,s specially 9 v]4 #f3 ,a voice ( noise f ! city1 a voice f ! temple1 ! voice ( ! ,"l t r5d]e? recomp5ce to ,8 enemies1 ,a controv]sy ) ! hypocrites :o presum$ ^u ! temple & _! sacrificial s]vice1 9 v]s4 #a1 #c1 has1 at ! "t ( ! exile1 no mean+ at all1 ,ges5ius1 inde$1 0 ( op9ion t ! ,prophet might judge ( ! wor%ip ( ,god 9 temples1 & ( ! value ( sacrifices1 al?\gh !y 7 n (f]$ at t "t2 b x mu/ be /rongly d5i$ t ! ,prophet c\ld d s 9 su* a context & connection4 ,=1 ! fact t ! ,prophet has 9 view a def9ite class ( m5 ( 8 "t1 & t he does n br+ =w>d at r&om a locus communis :i*1 at 8 "t1 0 no long] applicable--a ?+ :i*1 moreov]1 is n by any means 8 habit--appe>s f ! close ( ! v]se1 & f v]4 #d1 :]e div9e judgm5t is ?reat5$ to ^? m53 ,because !y *oose _! own ways1 & _! s\l delighte? 9 _! abom9ations3 ,i also w *oose _! d]ision1 & w br+ _! fe>s ^u !m4 ,ev5 9 v]4 #bj3 ,& !y 7! ,g5tiles :o are to be conv]t$ to ! ,"l71 %all br+ all y\r bre?r5 out ( all nations = a meat-(f]+ unto ! ,"l1 ^u horses1 c41 j z ! *ildr5 ( ,israel are br++ 7,hebrew3 ibvav1 expresses an habitual (f]+71 ! meat-(f]+ 9 a clean vessel into ! h\se ( ! ,"l1 ! h\se ( ,god appe>s z /ill /&+1 ! sacrificial s]vice 9 full op]ation2 ! future spiritual meat-(f]+ ( ! ,g5tiles is comp>$ to ! bodily meat-(f]+ :i* ! *ildr5 ( ,israel are n[ (f]+ 9 ! temple4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole second "p we p]ceive ! p "u !1 z yet1 unbrok5 p[] ( idolatry4 ,x appe>s ev]y:]e z ! pr9cipal t5d5cy ( ! s9ful apo/acy among ! p2 to c\nt]act x appe>s to be ! *ief object ( ! ,prophet4 ,! controv]sy ) idolatry p]vades ev]y?+4 ,at ! v comm5cem5t1 9 *ap4 xl4 #ah-bf1 we are met ,pg #ahj ) a description ( ! no?+ness ( idolatry1 & an impressive w>n+ aga9/ x4 ,9 ! :ole s]ies ( passages1 comm5c+ ) *ap4 xli4--( :i* we %all aft]w>ds speak m 9 detail--! sole ,deity ( ! ,god ( ,israel1 & ! vanity ( ! idols are prov$ f prophecy 9 connection ) its fulfilm5t2 & ?is s]ies has = its supposition ! p[] :i*1 at ! "t :5 ! prophecy 0 utt]$1 idolatry yet possess$ ov] ! m9ds ( m54 ,*ap4 xlii4 #ag ann\nces t ! future hi/orical developm5t %all br+ confusion ^u ^? t tru/ 9 grav5 images1 t say to ! molt5 images3 ,ye are our gods4 ,9 *ap4 xliv4 #ab-bj1 ! absurdity ( idolatry is illu/rat$ 9 a brilliant description4 ,we h "h be=e u ! real locus classicus ( ! :ole ,scripture 9 ?is matt]1 ! ma9 description ( ! no?+ness ( idolatry4 ,! emotion & excitem5t ) :i* ! ,prophet speaks1 %ew t he has "h to d ) ! pr9cipal enemy to ! salvation ( 8 p4 ,accord+ to *ap4 xlvi4 ! idols ( ,babel %all be ov]turn$ & c>ri$ away4 ,f ?is1 ,israel may le>n ! no?+ness ( idolatry1 & ! apo/ates may return to ! ,"l4 ,9 ! hortatory & reprov+ section1 ! puni%m5t ( idolatry =ms ! beg9n+2 9 *ap4 lvii4 idolatry is describ$ z f>-spread1 manifold1 advanc+ to ! greate/ horrors4 ,! (f]+ up ( *ildr5 z sacrifices especially appe>s z be+ 9 vogue2 & x c be prov$ t ?is p5etrat$ into ,israel1 f ! neighb\r+ nations1 at ! "t ( ! ,prophet 7comp4 #b ,*ron4 xxviii4 #c2 xxxiii4 #f71 :ile1 at ! "t ( ! exile1 !re 0 sc>cely any cause = w>n+ aga9/ x1--at lea/1 exi/+ in=mation does n m5tion any su* sacrifices among ! ,babylonians 7comp4 ,mnt]1 die ,religion d] ,babyloni]1 ,s4 #gb74 ,! p appe> z /&+ "u ! dom9ion ( idolatry 9 *ap4 lxv4 #c3 ,! p t provoke? me to ang] cont9ually to my face1 t sacrifice? 9 g>d5s1 & burne? inc5se ^u ! bricks2 comp4 v]4 #g3 ,:o h burn$ inc5se ^u ! m\nta9s1 & blasphem$ me ^u ! hills2 *ap4 lxvi4 #ag3 ,!y t sanctify !mselves & purify !mselves 9 ! g>d5s beh9d "o 9 ! mid/1 :o eat sw9e's fle%1 & ! abom9ations1 & mice1 %all be consum$ toge!r1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,idolatry is ! s]vice ( nature1 & 01 !re=e1 *iefly practis$ ,pg #aha 9 places :]e nature pres5ts h]self 9 all h] spl5d\r1 z 9 g>d5s & on ! hills4 ,! g>d5s are m5tion$ 9 a simil> way 9 *ap4 i4 #bi3 ,ye %all blu% on acc\nt ( ! g>d5s t ye h *os54 7,on ! words :i* prec$e 9 t v]se3 ,= !y %all be a%am$ ( ! oaks :i* ye h desir$1 *ap4 lvii4 #e (f]s an exact p>allel3 ,:o inflame !mselves among ! oaks "u e gre5 tree47 ,9 *ap4 lxv4 #aa1 !y are d5\nc$ :o =sake ! ,"l1 =get ,8 holy m\nta9 7on :i*1 at ! "t :5 ?is 0 writt51 ! temple mu/ /ill h /ood71 :o prep>e a table to ,=tune1 & (f] dr9k-(f]+s to ,fate4 ,! second ma9 =m ( s9ful apo/acy--hypocrisy & dead c]emonial s]vice--is only r>ely m5tion$ by ! ,prophet 79 *ap4 lvii41 lxvi471 :ile he always anew rev]ts to idolatry4 ,n[ ?is absolutely prevail+ reg>d to idolatry c be acc\nt$ =1 only if ,isaiah be ! au?or ( ! second "p4 ,f ,solomon1 d[n to ! "t ( ! exile1 ! disposition to idolatry 9 ,israel 0 nev] ?or\ghly brok54 ,dur+ ,isaiah's m9i/ry1 x came to ! fulle/ display "u ,ahaz4 ,"u ,hezekiah x 0 kept d[n1 inde$2 b ) great difficulty only1 z appe>s f ! fact t1 "u ! reign ( ,manasseh1 :o 0 a k+ aft] ! he>t ( ! p1 x aga9 broke op5ly =?2 comp4 #b ,k+s xxi4 #a-ah2 #b ,*ron4 xxxiii4 #a-ah2 #b ,k+s xxi4 #f1 accord+ to :i* ,manasseh made 8 own son to pass ?r\gh ! fire4 ,b x is a tact g5]ally admitt$1 & prov$ by all ! books writt5 dur+ & aft] ! exile1 t1 ) ! c>ry+ away into exile1 ! idolatr\s disposition among ! p 0 greatly %ak54 ,?is fact has its cause n only 9 ! deep impression :i* mis]y made ^u _! m9ds1 b /ill m 9 ! circum/ance t x 0 *iefly ! godly "p ( ! nation t 0 c>ri$ away into captivity4 ,! disproportionately l>ge numb] ( prie/s among ! exil$ & ^? :o return$--!y con/itute ! t5? "p ( ! p--is to be acc\nt$ = only on ! supposition1 t ! hea!ni% conqu]ors saw t ! real ess5ce & basis ( ! p consi/$ 9 ! fai? 9 ! ,god ( ,israel1 & 71 !re=e1 above all1 anxi\s to remove ! prie/s z ! ma9 repres5tatives ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,if1 = ?is reason1 !y c>ri$ away ! prie/s1 we _c ?9k o!rwise b t1 9 ,pg #ahb ! selection ( ! o!rs also1 !y look$ *iefly to ! !ocratic disposition on :i* ! nationality ( ,israel re/$4 ,to ?is we are l$ by ,j]4 xxiv4 also1 :]e ^? c>ri$ away are designat$ z ! fl[] ( ! nation1 z ! nurs]y & hope ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,incompreh5sible1 = ! "t ( ! exile1 is also ! /rict anti!sis betwe5 ! s]vants ( ! ,"l1 & ! s]vants ( ! idols--! latt] hat+1 assail+1 & p]secut+ ! =m]--an anti!sis :i* meets u especially 9 ! la/ two *apt]s2 comp4 especially *ap4 lxv4 #e ff4 #ac-ae2 lxvi4 #af4 ,t su* a /ate ( ?+s exi/$ at ! "t ( ! ,prophet is1 among o!r passages1 %[n by #b ,k+s xxi4 #af1 accord+ to :i* ,manasseh %$ mu* innoc5t blood at ,j]usalem1 &1 accord+ to v]4 #aj1 #aa1 especially ! blood ( ! prophets1 :o _h borne a p[]ful te/imony aga9/ idolatry4 ,if x be assum$ t ! second "p 0 compos$ dur+ ! exile1 !n ^? passages are incompreh5sible1 9 :i* ! ,prophet proves t ! ,god ( ,israel is ! true ,god1 f ,8 pr$ict+ ! appe>ance ( ! conqu]or f ! ea/1 & ! deliv]ance ( ! p to be wr\ght by ,him 9 connection ) ! fulfilm5t ( ^! pr$ictions4 ,! sup]natural "* ( ?is ann\ncem5t :i* ! ,prophet ass]ts1 & :i* =ms ! gr\nd ( its probative p[]1 took place1 only if x proce$$ f ,isaiah1 b n if x 0 utt]$ only ab\t ! end ( ! exile1 at a "t :5 ,cyrus _h already ent]$ ^u ! /age ( hi/ory4 ,^! passages1 at all ev5ts1 admit only ! alt]native1--ei!r t ,isaiah 0 ! real au?or1 or t !y 7 =g$ at a lat] p]iod by "s deceiv]2 & ?is latt] alt]native is s decid$ly oppos$ to ! :ole _s ( ! second "p1 t sc>cely any "o among ! oppon5ts w resolve to adopt x4 ,consid]+ ! v great & decisive importance ( ^! passages1 we mu/ /ill all[ !m to pass 9 review "o by "o4 ,9 *ap4 xli4 #a-g1 ! ,"l addresses ^? :o are s]v+ idols1 summons !m triumphantly to def5d !mselves aga9/ ! mighty attack :i* ,he 0 j execut+ aga9/ !m1 & describes ! futility ( _! attempts at s do+4 ,! address to ! ,g5tiles is a m]e =m2 to "w ^u ,israel is ! real purpose4 ,to secure !m f ! allurem5ts ( ! _w's religion1 ! ,prophet po9ts to ,pg #ahc ! great confusion :i* ! ,future w br+ ^u x4 ,?is confusion consi/s 9 ?is3--t ! prophecy ( ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/1 z ! mess5g] & in/rum5t ( ! ,"l--a pr$iction :i* ! ,prophet _h utt]$ 9 ! p[] ( ! ,"l--is fulfill$ )\t ! idolators be+ able to prev5t x4 ,! answ] on ! words 9 v]4 #b3 ,:o ha? rais$ up f ! ,ea/ him :om righte\sness calle? :i!r he goes1 give? ! nations be=e him1 & make? k+s subject to him1 make? 8 sword l du/1 & 8 b[ l driv5 /ubble8 is ?is3 ,accord+ to ! agreem5t ( prophecy & fulfilm5t1 x is none o!r ?an ! ,"l1 :o is1 !re=e1 ! only true ,god1 to ^: glory & maje/y e de$ ( ,8 s]vant ,kore% be>s witness4 ,! argum5tation is un9telligible1 z soon z1 assum+ t x 0 ,isaiah :o wrote d[n ! prophecy1 x is n admitt$ t he1 los+ sight ( ! real ,pres5t1 takes 8 /&-po9t 9 an ideal ,pres5t1 viz41 ! "t ( ! appe>ance ( ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/1 by :i* x becomes possible to him to draw 8 argum5ts f ! prophecy 9 connection ) ! fulfilm5t4 ,x is altoge!r absurd1 :5 x is ass]t$ t ! second "p is spuri\s1 & 0 compos$ at a "t :5 ,cyrus 0 already /&+ be=e ,babylon4 ,x w\ld inde$ h requir$ an imm5se am\nt ( impud5ce on ! "p ( ! ,prophet to br+ =w>d1 z an unassailable pro( ( ! omnisci5ce & omnipot5ce ( ,god1 an ev5t :i* e "o saw ) 8 bodily eyes4 ,by su* argum5tation1 he w\ld h expos$ himself to g5]al ridicule4--,9 *ap4 xli4 #ba-bi1 ! disc\rse is =mally address$ to ! ,g5tiles2 b 9 po9t ( fact1 ! ,prophet "h1 too1 has to d ) ,judah driv5 into exile1 to :om he 0 call$ by ,god to (f] ! means to rema9 /$fa/ "u ! temptations f ! idolators by :om !y 7 surr\nd$4 ,be=e ! eyes1 & 9 ! he>+ ( ,israel1 ! ,"l conv9ces ! ,g5tiles ( ! no?+ness ( _! cause4 ,!y are to prove ! div9ity ( _! idols by %[+ =? ! ann\ncem5ts ( ! ,future :i* proce$$ f !m4 ,b !y are n able to comply ) ?is dem&4 ,x is only ! ,"l1 ! liv+ ,god1 :o c d t4 ,long be=e ! appe>ance ( ! conqu]or f ! ,nor? & ,ea/1 ,he caus$ x to be =etold1 & com=t$ ,8 ,*ur* ) ! view ( ! ,future4 ,h5ce1 ,he alone is ,pg #ahd ,god1 & vanity are all ^? :o are put beside ,him4 ,x is said 9 v]4 #bb3 ,let !m br+ =? & %ew to u :at %all happ52 ! =m] ?+s1 :at !y be1 %[ & we w consid] !m & "k ! latt] end ( !m2 or ! com+ 7ev5ts make u to he>74 ,! =m] ?+s are ^? :i* are prior on ?is t]ritory2 h5ce ! =m] prophecies1 z ! comp>ison ( ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 xlii #i1 cle>ly %[s4 ,! end ( prophecy is its fulfilm5t4 ,hebrew3 hbavt ! com+1 or future1 are ! ev5ts ( ! m di/ant ,future4 ,z ! ,prophet dem&s f ! idols & _! s]vants t only :i* ! true ,god has already p]=m$ by ,8 s]vants1 we h "h1 on ! "o h&1 a ref]5ce to ! :ole cycle ( prophecies =m]ly fulfill$1 z e4g41 t ( ! ov]?r[ ( ! k+doms ( ,damascus & ,ephraim1 & ! defeat ( ,as%ur1--&1 on ! o!r h&1 to ! prophecy ( ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/1 c41 conta9$ 9 ! second "p4 ,! =m] prophecies1 h[ev]1 are "h m5tion$ altoge!r incid5tally only2 ! real dem& ref]s1 z is %[n by ! words3 ,:at %all happ51 only to ! prophecies 9 ref]5ce to ! ,future1 correspond+ to ^? ( our ,prophet reg>d+ ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/1 ^: appe>ance is "h repres5t$ z belong+ altoge!r to ! ,future1 & n to be kn[n by any human +5uity4 ,9 v]4 #bf3 ,:o ha? decl>$ 7su* ?+s7 f ! beg9n+1 t we may "k1 & long be=eh&1 t we may say3 he is righte\s8 ! ,hebrew3 mraw f ! beg9n+ puts insurm\ntable ob/acles 9 ! way ( ! oppon5ts ( ! g5u95ess4 ,if ! second "p ( ,isaiah be spuri\s1 !n ! idolat]s might put ! same scornful "q to ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,! ,hebrew3 mraw d5otes j ! opposite ( a vatic9ium po/ ev5tum4--,9 *ap4 xlii4 #i3 ,! =m] 7?+s71 behold1 !y are come to pass1 & new ?+s d ,i decl>e2 be=e !y spr+ =?1 ,i let y he>1 ! ,prophet proves ! true div9ity ( ! ,"l1 f ! circum/ance t1 hav+ already prov$ himself by prophecies fulfill$1 ,he decl>es "h1 9 ! second "p1 ! future ev5ts be=e !y spr+ =?1 be=e ! facts beg9 to spr\t =? f ! soil ( ! ,pres5t1 & h5ce c\ld h be5 kn[n & pr$ict$ by human comb9ation4 ,! words1 be=e !y spr+ =?1 become completely enigmatical1 if x be d5i$ t ,isaiah ,pg #ahe wrote ! second "p2 inasmu* z1 9 t case1 x w\ld h 9 a great "p1 to d ) ?+s :i* did n belong to ! t]ritory ( prophetic =esight1 b ( :at 0 pla9ly visible4--,9 *ap4 xliii4 #h-ac1 ! ,prophet aga9 proves ! no?+ness ( idolatry1 & ! sole div9ity ( ! ,god ( ,israel1 f ! great "w1 decl>$ be=eh& by ! ,"l1 ( ! deliv]ance ( ,israel1 & ( ! ov]?r[ ( _! enemies4 ,he is s deeply conv9c$ ( ! /rik+ =ce ( ?is argum5t1 t he ev] anew rev]ts to x4 ,aft] hav+ call$ ^u ! ,g5tiles to prove ! div9ity ( _! idols by true prophecies giv5 by !m1 he says 9 v]4 #i3 ,let !m br+ =? _! witnesses1 t !y may be ju/ifi$4 ,by ! witnesses x is to be prov$1 by :om1 to :om1 & at :at "t ! prophecies 7 giv51 9 ord] t ! ,g5tiles may n ref] to deceitfully =g$ prophecies1 to vatic9ia po/ ev5tum4 ,accord+ to ! hypo!sis ( ! spuri\sness ( ! second "p1 ! au?or pron\nc$ 8 own condemnation by ?us call+ = witnesses4 ,ye are my witnesses1 sai? ! ,"l1 & witness is my ,s]vant :om ,i h *os51 is said 9 v]4 #aj4 ,:ile ! ,g5tiles are 9 va9 call$ ^u to br+ =w>d witnesses = ! div9ity ( _! idols1 ! true ,god has1 = ,8 witnesses1 j ^? ^: s]vices he claim$4 ,! prophecies :i* lie at ! f\ndation ( _! te/imony1 :i* are to be borne witness to1 are ^? ( ! second "p4 ,! ,prophet may safely appeal to ! te/imony ( ! :ole nation1 t !y 7 utt]$ at a "t1 :5 _! cont5ts c\ld n be d]iv$ f human comb9ation4 ,! great unkn[n 7,ewald71 c\ld n by any possibility h spok5 ?us4--,9 *ap4 xlv4 #ai-ba1 x is prov$ f ! prophecy1 9 connection ) ! fulfilm5t1 t ,jehovah alone is ,god1--! l ( :i* no ,g5tile nation c %[ ( _! idols4 ,! argum5tation is foll[$ by ! call to all ! ,g5tiles to be conv]t$ to ?is ,god1 & ?us to become p>tak]s ( ,8 salvation--a call re/+ on ! /rik+ =ce ( ?is argum5tation--& ) ?is call is1 9 v]4 #bc-be1 connect$ ! solemn decl>ation ( ,god1 t1 at "s future "t1 ?is %all take place2 t1 at "s future "t1 !re %all be "o %eph]d & "o flock4 ,h[ w\ld ^! high1 solemn1 words h be5 spok5 9 va91 if ! great unkn[n _h spok5 !m6 ,9 v]4 #ai ,pg #ahf x is said3 ,i h n spok5 9 secret1 9 a d>k place ( ! e>?2 ,i said n unto ! se$ ( ,jacob3 ,seek ye me 9 va92 ,i ! ,"l speak righte\sness1 ,i decl>e rectitude4 ,! ,"l "h says1 fir/1 9 ref]5ce to ,8 prophecies1 ^? namely :i* ,he gave ?r\gh our ,prophet1 t !y 7 made kn[n publicly1 t1 h5ce1 !re c\ld n be any d\bt ( _! g5u95ess1--altoge!r diff]5t f :at is ! case ) ! prophecies ( idolatr\s nations :i* make _! appe>ance po/ ev5tum only1 no "o kn[+ :5ce4 ,e "o might conv9ce himself ( _! tru? & div9ity4 ,?is is express$ by ! words3 ,i h n spok5 9 secret1 9 a d>k place ( ! e>?4 ,!n he says t ! ,"l _h n deceiv$ ,8 p1 l ! idols :o leave _! s]vants )\t disclosures reg>d+3 ! ,future2 b t1 by ! prophecies grant$ to our ,prophet1 ,he _h met ! long+s ( 8 p = revelations ( ! ,future4 ,:ile ! gods ( ! _w leave !m 9 ! lur*1 j :5 _! help is requir$1 & nev] answ] :5 !y are ask$1 ! ,"l1 9 ref]5ce to prophecies1 z well z 9 e o!r respect1 has n spok53 ,seek ye me 9 va91 b r3 ,:5 ye seek1 ye %all f9d me4 ,&1 f9ally1 he says t 8 prophecies are true & "r2 t ! hea!ni% prophets commit an unrighte\sness by p]=m+ some?+ else ?an t :i* !y promis$ to p]=m4 ,to decl>e righte\sness is to decl>e t :i* is righte\s1 :i* does n conceal int]nal empt9ess & rott5ness "u a fair outside4 ,! words3 ,i ! ,"l speak righte\sness1 ,i decl>e rectitude1 c\ld n b h di$ on ! lips ( ! great unkn[n4--,9 *ap4 xlvi4 #h-ac ! apo/ates 9 ,israel are address$4 ,!y are exhort$ to return to ! true ,god1 & to be m9dful1 #a4 ( ! no?+ness ( idols1 v]4 #h2 #b4 ( ! pro(s ( ,8 sole div9ity :i* ! ,"l _h giv5 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! pa/ hi/ory2 #c4 ( ! new manife/ation ( x 9 ann\nc+ & s5d+ ,kore% 7,cyrus71 v]4 #aj1 #aa2 ,decl>+ ! end f ! beg9n+1 & f anci5t times ! ?+s t are n yet done1 say+3 ,my c\nsel %all /&1 & ,i w d all my pleasure4 ,call+ f ! ,ea/ an eagle1 f a f> c\ntry ! man ( ,8 c\nsel2 ,i h spok5 x1 & w also br+ x to pass2 ,i h =m$ x1 & w also d x4 ,to ! ,hebrew3 rawnvt1 ! =m] ,pg #ahg ev5ts1 ! fulfill$ prophecies f =m] times 7comp4 xlii4 #i71 "h ! new pro( ( ! sole div9ity ( ! ,god ( ,israel is add$1 9 t ,he s5ds ,kore%3 ,god n[ decl>es4 ,! ,prophet1 by designat+ ! "t 9 :i* ! ann\ncem5t 0 issu$ z ,hebrew3 rawit & ,hebrew3 qd,m1 z beg9n+ & anci5t times1 & by f\nd+ ! pro( ( ! div9ity ( ! ,"l j ^u ! high age ( ! ann\ncem5t1 aga9 puts an insurm\ntable ob/acle 9 ! way ( ! oppon5ts ( ! g5u95ess4 ,! ann\ncem5t & decl>ation prove any ?+ 9 connection ) ! execution only2 ! br++ to pass1 !re=e1 is connect$ ) ! decl>+1 ! do+ ) ! speak+4 ,^! words are n[ spok51 s9ce1 f ! ideal /&-po9t1 ! c>ry+ out is at h&2 !y =m ! antec$5t to ! call+1 ( :i* v]4 #aa treats4 ,hebrew3 qv,m prop]ly to rise1 oppos$ to ! lay+ d[n1 means to br+ to /&1 to br+ ab\t1 to be fulfill$4 ,! c\nsel1 i4e41 ! cont5ts ( ! pr$iction :i* 0 spok5 ( be=e2 x is ! div9e c\nsel & decree to :i* ,kore% s]v$ z an in/rum5t4--,f9ally--,9 *ap4 xlviii41 ! same subject is treat$ (2 ! div9ity ( ! ,"l is prov$ f ,8 prophecies1 9 ?ree sections1 v]4 #a-aa1 v]4 #ab-af1 v]4 #bb4 ,"h1 at ! close ( ! fir/ book ( ! second "p1 ! argum5tation occurs once m 9 a v /rong accumulation1 because ! ,prophet is n[ ab\t to leave x1 &1 9 g5]al1 ! :ole t]ritory ( ! l[] salvation4 ,fir/1 9 v]4 #a-aa3 ,israel %\ld return to ! ,"l1 :o =m]ly _h manife/$ & prov$ ,8 sole div9ity by a s]ies ( prophecies & _! fulfilm5ts1 & n[ 0 grant+ new & rem>kable disclosures reg>d+ ! ,future4 ,v]4 #f3 ,new ?+s ,i %ew !e f ?is "t1 hidd5 ?+s1 & ?\ did/ n "k !m1 v]4 #g4 ,n[ !y h be5 creat$ & n ( old1 & be=e ?is day ?\ he>de/ !m n2 le/ ?\ %\lde/ say3 ,behold1 ,i knew !m4 ,! deliv]ance ( ,israel by ,cyrus--an ann\ncem5t utt]$ 9 ! prec$+1 & to be repeat$ imm$iately aft]w>ds--is call$ new 9 contra/ to ! old prophecies ( ! ,"l already fulfill$2 hidd5 9 contra/ to ! facts :i* are already subjects ( hi/ory1 or may be kn[n be=eh& by natural +5uity4 ,to be creat$ is equival5t to be+ made manife/1 inasmu* z ! hidd5 ,div9e c\nsel ent]s into life1 only by be+ manife/$1 & ,pg #ahh ! prophesi$ ev5ts are creat$ = ,israel1 only by ! prophecy4 ,v]4 #h3 ,?\ did/ n he> x1 nor did/ ?\ "k x1 likewise ?9e e> 0 n op5$ be=eh&2 = ,i knew t ?\ art fai?less1 & wa/ call$ a transgressor f ! womb4 ,i h1 says ! ,"l1 communicat$ to !e ! k ( ev5ts ( ! ,future :i* are altoge!r unhe>d (1 ( :i*1 be=e1 ?\ did/ n "k ! lea/1 nor c\ld/ "k4 ,! reason ( ?is communication is /at$ 9 ! words3 = ,i knew1 c4 ,x is ! same reason :i*1 accord+ to v]s4 #d1 #e1 call$ =? also ! =m] def9ite prophecies reg>d+ ! ,future1 n[ already fulfill$1 viz41 ! unbelief ( ! p1 :i* requires a palpable pro( t ! ,"l alone is ,god1 because x is b too +5i\s 9 f9d+ out seem+ reasons = ju/ify+ its apo/acy4 ,all t is p]fectly 9 keep+ )1 & suitable to ! /&-po9t ( ,isaiah1 b n to t ( ! great unkn[n1 at ^: "t ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/ 0 already beheld ) ! bodily eye2 & ,habakkuk _h long ago prophesi$ ! de/ruction ( ! ,babyloni% _w's p[]1 & ,israel's deliv]ance2 & ,j]emiah _h ann\nc$ ! de/ruction ( ,babylon by ! ,modes mu* m di/9ctly & def9itely ?an is done "h 9 ! second "p ( ,isaiah4 ,9 v]4 #af x is said3 ,come ye ne> unto me1 he> ?is3 f ! beg9n+ ,i h n spok5 9 secret2 f ! "t t x 01 ,i 0 !re1 & n[ ! ,"l ,god ha? s5t me & ,8 ,_s4 ,! s5se is3 ,ev] s9ce ! f\ndation ( ! p1 ,i h giv5 !m ! mo/ di/9ct prophecies1 & made !m publicly kn[n 7ref]r+ to ! :ole *a9 ( ev5ts1 f ! call+ ( ,abraham & onw>d1 :i* _h be5 objects ( prophecy72 by m9e omnipot5ce ,i h fulfill$ !m2 & n[ ,i h s5t my s]vant ,isaiah1 & fill$ him ) my ,_s1 9 ord] t1 by a new di/+ui%$ prophecy1 he may be> witness to my sole div9ity4 ,x is only ! accompany+ mission ( ! ,_s :i* gives its importance to t ( ! ,prophet4 ,x is f ,god's ,_s se>*+ ! dep?s ( ! ,godhead1 & kn[+ ,8 mo/ hidd5 c\nsels1 t ^? prophecies ( ! second "p1 go+ beyond ! natural consci\sness1 h proce$$4 ,we believe we h incontrov]tibly prov$ t we are n entitl$ to draw any argum5ts aga9/ ,isaiah's be+ ! ,pg #ahi au?or ( ! second "p1 f ! circum/ance t ! exile is n ann\nc$1 b t ! au?or takes 8 /& 9 x1 z well z 9 t ( ,isaiah's "t1 inasmu* z ?is /&-po9t is an assum$ & ideal "o4 ,b if ! =m1 c prove no?+1 f> less c ! prophetic cont5ts4 ,x is true t ^! cont5ts _c be expla9$ f ! natural consci\sness ( ,isaiah2 b x is n to be ov]look$1 t ! assail$ prophecies ( ,isaiah are ev5 z directly z possible oppos$ to ! rationali/ic notion ( prophetism1 :i* is arbitr>y1 & goes 9 ! face ( all facts1 & f :i* ! argum5ts aga9/ _! g5u95ess are drawn4 ,9 a :ole s]ies ( passages ( ! second "p 7! same :i* we h j be5 discuss+71 ! ,prophet intimates t he gives disclosures :i* lie beyond ! horizon ( 8 "t2 & draws f ?is circum/ance ! argum5ts = 8 own div9e mission1 & ! div9ity ( ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,he consid]s x z ! disgrace ( idolatry t x _c give any def9ite prophecies1 & ) a noble scorn1 *all5ges x to v9dicate itself by su* prophecies4 ,t rationali/ic notion ( prophetism removes ! b\nd>ies :i*1 accord+ to ! express /atem5ts ( our ,prophet1 sep>ate ! ,k+dom ( ,god f hea!nism4 ,! rationali/ic notional ,god1 h[ev]1 x is true1 c z little prophesy z ! hea!ni% gods ( /one & wood1 ( :om ! ,psalmi/ says3 ,!y h e>s1 b !y he> n1 nei!r speak !y ?r\gh _! ?roat4 ,x is f>!r to be consid]$ t ! pr$ictions ( ! ,future1 9 ^? portions ( ,isaiah :i* are assail$ j on acc\nt ( !m1 are n s de/itute ( a f\ndation z is commonly assum$4 ,!re exi/$1 9 ! pres5t "t & circum/ances ( ! ,prophet1 important actual po9ts ( connection = !m4 ,!y f>!r re/ on ! f\ndation ( ideal views & conceptions ( et]nal tru?s1 :i* _h be5 famili> to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,"l f its v beg9n+s4 ,!y only enl>ge :at _h already be5 prophesi$ by =m] prophets2 & well secur$ & asc]ta9$ p>allels 9 ! prophetic ann\ncem5t are n want+ = !m4 ,! c>ry+ away ( ! cov5ant-p into exile _h be5 actually prophesi$ by ! fact1 t ! l& _h spu$ out its =m] inhabitants on acc\nt ( _! s9s4 ,! ?reat5+ ( ! exile p]vades ! :ole ,p5tateu* f ,pg #aij beg9n+ to end2 comp>e ,g5u95ess ( ! ,p5tateu*1 p4 #bgj ff4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! ,decalogue also3 ,t ?y days may be long ^u ! l& :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god give? !e4 ,david %[s a cle> k ( ! suff]+s imp5d+ ov] 8 family1 & h5ce also ov] ! p ( ,god2 comp4 my ,comm5t>y on ,song ( ,sol4 ,s4 #bdc4 ,solomon po9ts to ! future c>ry+ away 9 8 pray] at ! consecration ( ! temple4 ,amos1 ! pr$ecessor ( ,isaiah1 =esees ) absolute cle>ness1 t1 be=e ! salvation comes1 all t is glori\s1 n only 9 ,israel1 b 9 ,judah also1 mu/ be giv5 ov] to de/ruction1 comp>e ,vol4 i4 p4 #ceg4 ,9 l mann]1 too1 ,hosea prophesies n only ! de/ruction ( ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes1 b also t ,judah %all be c>ri$ away into exile1 comp4 ,vol4 i4 p4 #agf4 ,9 ,isaiah1 ! =ekn[l$ge ( ! entire deva/ation ( ! city & l&1 & ! c>ry+ away into captivity ( its inhabitants--a =ekn[l$ge :i* /&s 9 close connection ) ! en]gy ( ! k ( s9 ) ! ,prophets--meets u f ! v beg9n+ ( 8 m9i/ry1 & also 9 ^? prophecies1 ! g5u95ess ( :i* no "o v5tures to assail1 z1 e4g41 9 *ap4 i4-vi4 ,aft] ! sev]ity ( ,god _h be5 manife/$ be=e ! bodily eyes ( ! ,prophet 9 ! c>ry+ away ( ! t5 tribes1 x c\ld n1 ev5 f human consid]ations1 be d\btful to him1 :at 0 ! fate 9 /ore = ,judah4 ,! k1 t ! imp5d+ c>ry+ away ( ,judah w\ld take place by ! ,*aldeans1 & t ,babylon w\ld be ! place ( _! bani%m5t1 0 n de/itute ( a c]ta9 natural f\ndation4 ,9 ! g]m1 ! ,*aldean p[] actually exi/$ ev5 at t "t4 ,decid$ly errone\s is ! view ( ,hitzig1 t a ,*aldean p[] 9 ,babylon c\ld be spok5 ( only s9ce ! "t ( ,nabopolass>4 ,?is p[]1 on ! contr>y1 0 v old2 comp>e ! pro(s 9 ,delitzs*'s ,comm5t>y on ,habakkuk1 ,s4 #ba4 ,! ,assyrian p[]1 al?\gh1 :5 outw>dly consid]$1 at its height1 :5 m closely exam9$1 began1 ev5 at t "t1 already to s9k4 ,a weak5+ ( ! ,assyrian p[] is intimat$ also by ! circum/ance1 t ,hezekiah v5tur$ to rebel aga9/ ! ,assyrians1 & ! embassy ( ! ,*aldean ,m]oda* ,baladan to ,hezekiah1 implies t1 ev5 at t "t1 _m ?+s gave a title to expect ! spe$y d[nfal ( ! ,assyrian ,pg #aia ,empire4 ,b ! fact t ,isaiah possess$ ! cle> k t1 9 "s future p]iod1 ! dom9ion ( ! _w w\ld pass ov] to ,babylon & ! ,*aldeans1--t !y w\ld be ! executors ( ! judgm5t ^u ,judah1 we h already prov$1 9 our rem>ks on *aps4 xiii41 xiv41 f ! prophecies ( ! fir/ "p1--f *ap4 xxiii4 #ac1 :]e ! ,*aldeans are m5tion$ z ! executors ( ! judgm5t ^u ! neighb\r+ p1 ! ,tyrians1 & z ! de/roy]s ( ! ,assyrian dom9ion1--& f *ap4 xxxix4 ,! attempt ( dispossess+ him ( ?is k is s mu* ! m futile1 t 8 contempor>y ,micah und5iably possesses x2 comp4 ,vol4 i4 p4 #dfd4 ,s also does ,habakkuk1 betwe5 ^: "t & t ( ,isaiah1 circum/ances _h n ess5tially *ang$1 & :o likewise /ill prophesi$ be=e ! ,*aldean mon>*y _h be5 e/abli%$4 ,:ile ?is =ekn[l$ge ( ! future elevation ( ,babylon _h a hi/orical f\ndation1 ! =ekn[l$ge ( its humiliation & fate1 foll[+ soon aft]1 re/$ on a !ological f\ndation4 ,) a hea!ni% p1 elevation is always foll[$ by haught9ess1 ) all its consequ5ces2 &1 accord+ to ! et]nal laws ( ! div9e gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 haught9ess is a matt]-(-fact prophecy ( de/ruction4 ,proce$+ f ?is view1 ! d[nfal ( ! ,*aldean mon>*y 0 prophesi$ by ,habakkuk also1 at a "t :5 x 0 /ill develop+1 & 0 f> f hav+ atta9$ to ! z5i? ( its p[]4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ! =ekn[l$ge ( ! future deliv]ance ( ,israel rises on a !ological f\ndation1 & is n at all to be consid]$ 9 ! same light z if e4g41 ! ,prophet _h =etold to ,moab its deliv]ance4 ,t :i* ! ,prophet "h pr$icts is only ! individualization ( a g5]al tru? :i* meets u at ! v beg9n+s ( ! cov5ant-p4 ,! pr9ciple :i* ,/4 ,paul advances 9 ,rom4 xi4 #b3 ,god ha? n ca/ away ,8 p :om ,he =eknew1 & v]4 #bi3 ,= ! gifts & call+ ( ,god are )\t rep5tance1 meets u1 cle>ly & di/9ctly1 z e>ly z 9 ! books ( ,moses4 ,9 ,levit4 xxvi4 #db-de1 ! deliv]ance f ! l& ( captivity is ann\nc$ on ! gr\nd ( ! election ( ,israel1 & ( ! cov5ant ) ! fa!rs1 & z a fulfilm5t ( ! promise ( future election1 :i* 0 giv5 by ! fact ( ,israel's be+ deliv]$ f ,pg #aib ,egypt4 ,& accord+ to ,deut4 iv4 #cj1 #ca1 xxx4 ff41 & ! close ( *ap4 xxxii41 ! end ( all ! cata/rophes :i* are inflict$ ^u ! cov5ant-p is always ,israel's conv]sion & reception into fav\r2 beh9d ! judgm5t1 m]cy is always conceal$4 ,9 ! pray] ( ,solomon1 ! c>ry+ away goes h& 9 h& ) ! reception into fav\r4 ,b x w be altoge!r fruitless to d5y to ,isaiah ! k ( ! future deliv]ance ( ,israel f ,babylon1 s9ce 8 contempor>y ,micah1 9 *ap4 iv4 #aj1 briefly & di/9ctly expresses ! same3 ,& ?\ come/ to ,babylon2 !re %alt ?\ be deliv]$2 !re %all ! ,"l r$eem !e f ! h& ( ?9e enemies4 ,! only po9t 9 ! prophetic =ekn[l$ge ( ! second "p :i* really seems to want1 n only a hi/orical or ideal f\ndation1 b also altoge!r correspond+ analogies1 is ! m5tion ( ! "n ( ,kore%4 ,b ?is difficulty disappe>s if1 9 /rict opposition to ! curr5t notion1 x is assum$ t ,cyrus 0 induc$1 by our book only1 to appropriate to himself t "n4 ,rec5t inve/igation has prov$ t ?is "n is orig9ally n a prop] "n1 b an honor>y title1--t ! ,greek writ]s rightly expla9 x by ,sun1--t ! "n ( ! sun 01 9 ! ,ea/ g5]ally1 & especially ) ! ,p]sians1 a common honor>y title ( rul]s2 comp4 ,brn\f & o!rs 9 ,hv]nick's ,e9leitung1 ii4 #b1 ,s4 #afe4 ,?is honor>y title ( ! ,p]sian k+s1 ,isaiah might v easily le>n 9 a natural way4 ,& ! fact t ?is ,nom5 dignitatis became1 among sev]al o!rs1 peculi> to ,cyrus 7! m5tion ( ! "n ( ,kore% by ,isaiah does n orig9ally g beyond ! ann\ncem5t ( ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/7 is expla9$ by ! circum/ance t ,cyrus assum$ ?is "n 9 hon\r ( our book1 & z an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! mission assign$ to him by x1 al?\gh ! ,prophet _h n us$ ?is "n 9 any o!r mann] ?an ,balaam _h t ( ,agag1 p]haps ) an allusion to its signification2 comp>e ! phrases f ! ,ea/1 f ! ris+ ( ! sun1 9 *ap4 xli4 #b1 #be4 ,& x is hi/orically settl$ & c]ta91 t ,cyrus _h orig9ally ano!r "n1 viz41 ,agradates1 & t he assum$ ?is "n only at ! "t ( 8 asc5d+ ! ?rone1 :i* falls into ! "t :5 ! prophecies ( our book c\ld already be kn[n to him 7comp4 ! ,pg #aic pro(s 9 ,hv]nick's ,e9leit47 ,& z x is f>!r c]ta9 t ! prophecies ( our book made a deep impression ^u him1 &1 9 important po9ts1 ex]cis$ an influ5ce ^u 8 actions 7?is appe>s n only f ! express /atem5t ( ,josephus1 ,ar*4 xi4 c4 #a4 #a1 #b1 b /ill m f an au!ntic docum5t1 ! ,edict ( ,cyrus1 9 ,ezra i4 #a ff41 :i* s pla9ly implies ! fact report$ by ,josephus1 t ,jahn rightly call$ ,josephus' /atem5t a comm5t>y on ?is ,edict1 :i* ref]s1 p>tly ) lit]al accuracy1 to a s]ies ( passages f ! second "p ( ,isaiah1 comp>e ! p>ticul>s 9 ,kle9]t1 b] die ,e*!it des ,jesaias1 ,s4 #adb72--;z ! condition ( ! ,p]sian religion likewise confirms ?is result ga9$ f ! ,edict ( ,cyrus 7,/uhr1 die ,religionssy/eme des alt5 ,ori5ts1 ,s4 #cgc ff41 proves t 9 ! "t ( ,cyrus1 & by him1 an ,israeliti% elem5t _h be5 introduc$ into x72--!re w c]ta9ly n be any reason to consid] our supposition to be improbable1 or ! result ( emb>rassm5t4 ,b to ?is circum/ance we mu/ /ill direct att5tion1 t ^? prophetic ann\ncem5ts ( ! second "p :i* h ref]5ce to t :i*1 ev5 at ! "t ( ! great unkn[n1 /ill belong$ to ! future1 are f> m di/9ct1 & c f> less be acc\nt$ = f natural causes1 ?an ^? f :i* rationali/ic criticism has drawn inf]5ces z reg>ds ! spuri\sness ( ! second "p4 ,! p]sonal ,messianic prophecies ( ! second "p are mu* m *>act]i/ic ?an ^? conc]n+ ,cyrus4 ,he :o _c1 by ! help ( hi/ory1 supplem5t & illu/rate ! prophecy1 receives only an incomplete & defective image ( ! latt]4 ,&1 inde$1 a suffici5tly long "t elaps$ be=e ev5 ,exegesis recognis$ ) c]ta9ty & unanimity t x 0 ,cyrus :o 0 meant4 ,d\bts & diff]5ces ( op9ion on ?is po9t meet u ev5 d[n to la/ c5tury4 ,! ,m$es & ,p]sians are n at all m5tion$ z ! conqu]ors ( ,babylon1 & all :i* ref]s to ! p]son ( ,cyrus has an altoge!r ideal "*2 :ile ! ,messiah is1 especially 9 *ap4 liii41 s di/9ctly drawn1 t sc>cely any ess5tial feature 9 ,8 image is omitt$4 ,& x is altoge!r a matt] ( c\rse t "h1 9 ! antitypical deliv]ance1 a mu* great] cle>ness & di/9ctness %\ld prevail2 = x /&s ,pg #aid 9 a f> clos] relation to ! idea1 s t =m & sub/ance d f> less disagree4 ,x w\ld be inappropriate 7 we "h to take up & refute all ! argum5ts aga9/ ! g5u95ess ( ! second "p1 :i* rationali/ic criticism has br\ght toge!r4 ,besides ^? :i* we h already refut$1 we %all br+ into view only ?is argum5t1 :i*1 at fir/ sight inde$1 may dazzle & />tle ev5 ! well-dispos$1 viz41 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! fir/ & second p>ts1 z reg>ds language & mode ( repres5tation4 ,! *ief error ( ^? :o h adduc$ ?is argum5t is1 t !y judge altoge!r )\t ref]5ce to p]son1--a matt]1 h[ev]1 q legitimate 9 ?is case1--t !y simply apply ! same rule to ! productions ( ,isaiah :i*1 9 ! productions ( less ri*ly end[$ p]sons1 has inde$ a c]ta9 "r1 e4g41 on ! prophetical t]ritory ( ,j]emiah1 :o1 not)/&+ ! diff]5ce ( subject1 yet does n und]/& s to *ange 8 voice1 t x %\ld n soon be recogniz$ by ! skill$ ,m ?an ( all ! prophets t holds true ( ,isaiah1 :i* ,fi*te1 9 a lett] to a ,knigsb]g fri5d1 writes ( himself 79 8 ,life1 by 8 son1 i4 ,s4 #aif73 ,i h prop]ly no /yle at all1 = ,i h !m all4 ,j z ! subject dem&s1 says ,ewald1 )\t assign+ to ! circum/ance any weight 9 judg+ ( ! second "p1 j z ! subject dem&s1 e k9d ( spee*1 & e *ange ( /yle are easily at 8 comm&2 & x is j ?is 9 :i* "h 8 greatness1 z1 9 g5]al1 "o ( 8 mo/ prom95t p]fections1 consi/s4 ,! *ief peculi>ities ( /yle 9 ! second "p /& 9 close relation to ! subject1 & ! disposition ( m9d !reby call$ =?4 ,! ,prophet1 z a rule1 does n address ! mass ( ! p1 b ! election 7,greek3 eklog72 nor ! s9ful congregation ( ! ,"l 9 ! pres5t "t1 b t ( ! future1 purifi$ by ! judgm5ts ( ! ,"l1 ! se$ & g]m ( :i* 7 ! election ( ! ,pres5t4 ,x is to ! congregation ( bre?r5 t he addresses ,com=t4 ,! beg9n+3 ,com=t ye1 ,com=t ye1 ,zion1 conta9s ! keynote & pr9cipal subject4 ,x is f ?is t ! g5tle1 t5d]1 s(t "* ( ! /yle is to be acc\nt$ =1 z well z ! frequ5t repetitions2--! com=t+ love foll[s1 /ep by /ep1 ! grief :i* is indefatigable 9 its repetitions4 ,pg #aie ,f ?is circum/ance is to be expla9$ ! habit ( add+ sev]al epi!ts to ! "n ( ,god2 ^! are z _m %ields :i* are held up aga9/ despair1 z _m bulw>ks aga9/ ! ?+s 9 sight1 by :i* e ?\ght ( r$emption 0 cut (f ,:]e ,god is ! sole help1 e ?+ mu/ be tri$ to make ! ,congregation feel :at !y h 9 ,him4 ,a s]ies ( s+le phrases :i* sev]al times recur v]batim1 e4g41 ,i am ! ,"l1 & none else1 ,i d n give m9e hon\r to any o!r1 ,i am ! fir/ & ! la/1 are easily acc\nt$ = by ! ,prophet's endeav\r & anxiety to impress ^u ! despond+ m9ds tru?s1 :i* !y 7 only too apt to =get4 ,if o!r l+ui/ic peculi>ities occur1 :i* _c be expla9$ f ! subject1 x mu/ be consid]$ t ! second "p is n by any means a collection ( s+le prophecies1 b a closely connect$ :ole1 :i*1 z su*1 mu/ necess>ily h its own peculi> usus loqu5di1 a numb] ( con/antly recurr+ *>act]i/ic peculi>ities4 ,! "* ( unity mu/ necess>ily be express$ 9 language & /yle also4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 t1 not)/&+ ! diff]5ce ( /yle betwixt ! fir/ & second p>ts1 ! second "p has a great numb] ( *>act]i/ic peculi>ities ( language & /yle 9 common ) ! fir/ "p 7a fact :i* _c be o!rwise1 if ,isaiah 0 ! au?or ( bo?71 0 fir/ v ?or\ghly demon/rat$ by ,kle9]t1 :ile ,kp] & ,casp>i h be5 ! fir/ conclusively to prove1 t ! second "p 0 kn[n & made use ( by ^? prophets :o prophesi$ betwe5 ! "t ( ,isaiah & t ( ! great unkn[n4 ,! close connection ( ! second "p ) ! fir/ is1 among o!r ?+s1 prov$ also by ! circum/ance t bo? are equally /rongly p]vad$ ) ! ,messianic ann\ncem5t4 ,*ap4 i4-xii4 especially h1 9 ?is respect1 a rem>kable p>allel 9 ! second book ( ! second "p4 ,! fact1 moreov]1 t ! s+le ,messianic prophecies ( ! second "p agree1 9 ! f9e/ & mo/ conceal$ features1 ) ^? ( ! fir/ "p1 w be %[n 9 ! exposition4 ,footnote #a3 ,*ap4 xxxvii4 #ch1 7comp4 #b ,k+s xix4 #cg71 describ+ app>5tly ! murd] ( ,s5na*]ib z belong+ to ! pa/1 does n decide any ?+ z to ! composition ( ?is *apt] by ,isaiah1 inasmu* z ! ye> :i* is assign$ = ,s5na*]ib's dea?1 ,b4,c4 #fif1 is n hi/orically asc]ta9$ & c]ta94 ,nor c ! supposition1 t ,isaiah liv$ until ! "t ( ,manasseh1 & himself arrang$ & edit$ ! collection ( 8 prophecies on ! eve ( 8 life1 be liable to any well-f\nd$ d\bts 7,keil1 ,e9leitung1 ,s4 #bga74 ,! inscription 9 *ap4 i4 #a1 only indicates t ! collection does n conta9 any prophecies :i* g beyond ! "t ( ,hezekiah4 ,footnote #b3 ,to a c]ta9 degree analog\s are ^? o!r passages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 :i* ! ,pa/ pres5ts itself 9 ! =m ( ! ,pres5t1 z ! deliv]ance f ,egypt 9 ,ps4 lxvi4 #f2 lxxxi4 #f4 ,fai?1 at ! same "t1 makes all ! old ?+s new1 fre%1 & lively1 & anticipates ! ,future4 ,pg #aif ,,*ap4 ,,xlii4 #a-i4 ,! #dj? *apt] has an introductory "*4 ,x com=ts ! p ( ! ,"l by po9t+1 9 g5]al1 to a ,future ri* 9 salvation4 ,9 *ap4 xli4 ! ,prophet describes ! appe>ance ( ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/ = ! de/ruction ( ,babylon1--an ev5t f :i* he d]ives1 z f a ri* s\rce1 ample consolations = 8 poor wret*$ p1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 he repres5ts idolatry z be+ !reby put to %ame4 ,x is on purpose t1 imm$iately aft] ! fir/ ann\ncem5t ( ?is conqu]or f ! ,ea/1 8 antitype is1 9 *ap4 xlii4 #a-i1 contra/$ ) him4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 ! ,prophet _h %[n h[1 by ! influ5ce ( ! k+ f ! ,ea/1 ! ,"l w\ld put idolatry to %ame1 & "w out deliv]ance = ,8 ,*ur*4 ,9 ! section n[ be=e u1 he describes h[1 by ! mission ( ,8 s]vant1 ! ,"l w\ld effect1 def9itely & absolutely1 t :i* ! =m] _h done only 9 a prelim9>y1 limit$1 & imp]fect mann]4 ,9 ! subsequ5t section1 ! ,prophet !n fir/ f>!r c>ries out ! image ( ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/2 & f *ap4 xlix4 he turns to a m m9ute repres5tation ( ! image ( ! true ,savi\r4 ,9 *aps4 xlii4 #aj1 to xliii4 #g1 ! disc\rse turns1 f a g5]al description ( ,god's in/rum5ts ( salvation1 to a g5]al description ( ! salvation 9 its :ole ext5t2 j z x is ! mann] ( ! second "p ev] aga9 to return f ! p>ticul> to ! g5]al4 ,"h1 :]e ! ,s]vant ( ,god is fir/ to be introduc$1 ,he is at fir/ spok5 (2 x is 9 v]4 #e t ! ,"l fir/ speaks to ,8 s]vant4 ,9 *ap4 xlix41 on ! contr>y1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 be+ already kn[n f *ap4 xlii41 is1 )\t f>!r rem>k1 introduc$ z speak+4 ,9 ! :ole section1 ! ,"l is speak+4 ,x falls into ?ree divisions--,fir/1 ! ,"l speaks ( ,8 s]vant1 v]s4 #a-d2 !n ,he speaks to ,8 s]vant1 v]4 #e-g2 f9ally4 ,he addresses "s clos+ words to ! ,*ur*1 v]4 #h1 #i4 ,! repres5tation1 9 h>mony ) ! nature ( ! prophetic vision1 be>s a dramatic "*4 ,9 v]4 #a-d1 ! ,"l1 z x 71 po9ts to ,8 s]vant1 introduces ,him to ,8 ,*ur*1 & comm5ds ,him to ! ,pg #aig _w3 ,behold my ,s]vant1 c4 ,he1 ! belov$ & elect ,"o1 upheld by ,god1 & end[$ ) ! fulness ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 %all e/abli% righte\sness ^u ! :ole e>?1 & br+ into submission to himself ! :ole ,g5tile _w1 by %[+ himself meek & l[ly 9 he>t1 an help] ( ! poor & afflict$1 & comb9+ ) x nev]-fail+ p[]4 ,! aim3 ,he %all br+ =? "r to ! ,g5tiles4 is at once express$ at ! close ( v]4 #a4 ,9 v]4 #b-d1 ! means by :i* ,he atta9s ?is aim are !n /at$4 ,! br++ =?1 or ! e/abli%+ ( "r1 recurs aga9 9 v]4 #c & #d1 9 ord] to po9t out ?is relation ( v]4 #b-d to v]4 #a4 ,9 v]4 #f & #g1 aft] hav+ po9t$ to ,8 ,omnipot5ce z af=d+ a gu>antee = ! fulfilm5t ( a prophecy s great t x might appe> almo/ incr$ible1 ! ,"l turns to ,8 ,s]vant & addresses ,him4 ,he ann\nces to ,him t x %\ld be ,8 glori\s de/9ation1 p>tly to br+1 9 ,8 p]son1 ! cov5ant ) ,israel to its full tru?1 p>tly to be ! light = ! ,g5tile _w1--to be1 9 g5]al1 ! ,savi\r ( ! :ole human race4 ,9 ! clos+ v]ses1 #h1 #i1 ! ,"l addresses ! ,*ur*1 & directs its att5tion to ! object :i* ! ann\ncem5t ( ! mission ( ,8 ,s]vant1 decl>$ 9 ! prec$+ context1 s]ves3 ,god1 because ,he is ,god1 is anxi\s = ! promotion ( ,8 glory4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 t x may be kn[n t ,he alone is ,god1 ,he grants to ,8 p disclosures z reg>ds ! di/ant ,future1 z yet fully wrapp$ up 9 obscurity4 ,!re is no d\bt1 & x is n[ g5]ally admitt$1 t ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l1 "h describ$1 is ! same z ,he :o is br\ght be=e u 9 *ap4 xlix4 #d2 liii41 lxi4 ,x is1 h5ce1 n suffici5t to po9t out an individual to :om1 app>5tly1 ! attributes conta9$ 9 ?is prophecy belong2 b we mu/ add & comb9e all ! signs & attributes :i* are conta9$ 9 ! p>allel passages4 ,! ,*aldean ,p>aphra/ :o1 9 s _m in/ances1 has fai?fully pres]v$ ! exegetical tradition1 und]/&s ! ,messiah by ! ,s]vant ( ,god2 & s1 f among ! lat] ,jewi% expositors1 d ,dav4 ,kim*i & ,ab>banel1 ! latt] ( :om says ( ! non-,messianic int]pretation1 ,hebrew3 wkl alh ,pg #aih ,hebrew3 h,hkmi,m hkv bsnvri,m t all ^! expositors 7 /ruck ) bl9dness4 ,t ?is exposition 0 ! curr5t "o among ! ,jews at ! "t ( ,*ri/1 appe>s f ,luke ii4 #cb1 :]e ,simeon designates ! ,savi\r z ! light to be reveal$ to ! ,g5tiles ,greek3 phs eis apokalups9 e?nn1 ) a ref]5ce to ,is xlii4 #f2 xlix4 #f4 ,x is especially ! latt] passage :i* ,simeon has 9 view1 z also ,/4 ,paul 9 ,acts xiii4 #df1 #dg1 z appe>s f ! words imm$iately prec$+ ,greek3 hoti eidon hoi oph?almoi m\ to strion s\ ho htoimasas kata prospon pantn tn lan1 :i* evid5tly ref] to *ap4 xlix4 ,b *ap4 xlix4 is1 z reg>ds ! po9t :i* "h comes into consid]ation1 a m]e repetition & confirmation ( *ap4 xlii4 ,by ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?is exposition has be5 introduc$ & e/abli%$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,! words :i*1 at ! baptism ( ,*ri/1 res\nd$ f heav53 ,greek3 h\tos e/9 ho huios m\ ho agaptos1 en h eudoksa1 ,matt4 iii4 #ag 7comp4 ,m>k i4 #aa7 evid5tly ref] to v]4 #a ( ! *apt] be=e u1 & po9t out t ,he :o _h n[ appe>$ 0 none o!r ?an ,he :o _h1 c5turies ago1 be5 pr$ict$ by ! prophets4 ,& s d likewise ! words :i*1 accord+ to ,matt4 xvii4 #e 7comp>e ,m>k ix4 #g2 ,luke ix4 #ce2 #b ,pet4 i4 #ag71 at ! transfiguration ( ,*ri/1 t[>ds ! close ( ,8 m9i/ry1 res\nd$ f heav5 9 ord] to /r5g!n ! ,apo/les3 ,greek3 h\tos e/9 ho huios m\ ho agaptos1 en h eudoksa4 aut\ ak\ete4 ,^! voices at ! beg9n+ & ! close ( ,*ri/'s m9i/ry h n be5 suffici5tly att5d$ to by ^? :o h rais$ d\bts aga9/ ! ,messianic int]pretation2 = a d\bt 9 ?is mu/ necess>ily %ake also ! belief 9 ! reality ( ^? voices4 ,9 bo? ( ! passages1 ! place ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god 9 *ap4 xlii4 #a 7:i* passage is inde$ n s mu* quot$1 z only1 9 a free treatm5t1 ref]r$ to7 is tak5 by ! ,son ( ,god1 f ,ps4 ii4 #g1 j z1 at ! transfiguration1 ! words ,greek3 aut\ ak\ete are at once add$ f ,deut4 xviii4 #ae4 ,! "n ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god 0 n high en\gh fur ! sublime mom5t2 ! ,son =m$1 9 ! second passage1 ! contra/ to ! m]e s]vants ( ,god1 ,moses & ,elijah4--,9 ,matt4 xii4 #ag-ba1 v]4 #a-c are quot$1 & ref]r$ to ,*ri/4 ,! ,messianic explanation ( *ap4 xlii41 xlix4 lies at ! f\ndation ( all ! o!r passages also1 :]e ,*ri/ is spok5 ( z ! ,greek3 pais ,!\4 ,9 ,acts iii4 #ac3 ,greek3 edoxase ton paida ,pg #aii ,greek3 aut\ ,is\n1 we %all be oblig$ to foll[ ,b5gel 9 expla9+ x by3 m9i/rum suum1 p>tly on acc\nt ( ,matt4 xii4 #ah1 & because ! ,,lxx4 (t5 r5d] ,hebrew3 ebd by ,greek3 pais2 p>tly on acc\nt ( ! obvi\s ref]5ce to ! ,old ,te/am5t passages :i* treat ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 & on acc\nt ( ! special allusion to *ap4 xlix4 #c 9 ! ,greek3 edoxase 7,,lxx4 ,greek3 d\los m\ ei su ,isral kai en soi eudoxa/hsomai74 ,& s likewise 9 ,acts iii4 #bf2 iv4 #bg3 ,greek3 epi ton hagion paida s\ ,is\n1 hon e*risas1 :]e ! la/ words ref] to *ap4 lxi4 #a2 f>!r1 9 ,acts iv4 #cj4 ,9 all ^! passages x is n ! m obvi\s ,greek3 d\los1 b ,greek3 pais :i* is put1 9 ord] to remove ! l[ notions :i*1 9 ,greek1 atta* to ! ^w ,greek3 d\los4 ,tak+ h] /& p>tly on ^! au?orities1 p>tly on ! natural s5se ( ! passage1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has all along ref]r$ ! passage to ,*ri/2 & ev5 expositors su* z ,cl]icus1 :o1 ev]y:]e else1 :5soev] x is possible1 seek to set aside ! ,messianic int]pretation1 are "h f\nd among its mo/ decid$ def5d]s4 ,9 our c5tury1 ) ! awak5+ fai?1 ?is explanation has aga9 obta9$ g5]al dom9ion2 & :]ev] expositors ( evangelical disposition d n yet pr(ess x1 ?is is to be acc\nt$ = f ! /ill cont9u+ influ5ce ( rationali/ic tradition4 ,we are l$ to ! ,messianic int]pretation by ! circum/ance t ! s]vant ( ,god appe>s "h z ! antitype ( ,cyrus4 ,a real p]son c be contra/$ ) a real p]son only1 b n ) a p]sonification1 z is assum$ by ! o!r explanations4 ,we are compell$ to expla9 x ( ,*ri/ by ?is circum/ance also1 t x is 9 ,him only t ! signs ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god are to be f\nd1--t 9 ,him only ! cov5ant ( ,god ) ,israel has become a tru?1--t ,he only is ! light ( ! ,g5tiles1--t ,he only1 )\t ext]nal =ce1 by ,8 g5tl5ess1 meekness1 & love1 has f\nd$ a ,k+dom1 ! b\nd>ies ( :i* are cont]m9\s ) ^? ( ! e>?4 ,! connection1 also1 ) ! o!r ,messianic ann\ncem5ts1 especially ^? ( ! fir/ "p1 compels u to ref] x to ,*ri/4 ,! reasons aga9/ ! ,messianic int]pretation are ( little weight4 ,! ass]tion t n[h]e 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t does ,jesus appe> z ! ,s]vant ( ,jehovah 7,h5dew]k71 is at once ov]?r[n by ,matt4 xii4 #ah1 z well z by ! o!r ,pg #bjj passages already quot$1 9 :i* ,*ri/ appe>s z ,greek3 pais ,!\4 ,phil4 ii4 #g1 ,greek3 morphn d\l\ labn comes z ne> ! ,hebrew3 ebd ihvh1 z x 0 possible1 consid]+ ! l[ notion atta*$ to ! ,greek ,greek3 d\los4 ,! passages :i* treat ( ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/1 su* z ,rom1 v4 #ai2 ,phil4 ii4 #h2 ,heb4 v4 #h2 ,john xvii4 #d3 ,greek3 ton ergon eteleisa1 ho d$kas moi h9a pois1 give only a p>aphrase ( ! notion ( ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l4 ,) p]fect s\ndness ,dr ,nitzs* has rem>k$1 t x 0 requir$ by ! typical connection ( ! two ,te/am5ts1 t ,*ri/ %\ld someh[1 accord+ to ,8 ,greek3 hupako1 ,greek3 hupotag1 be repres5t$ z ! p]fect manife/ation ( ! ,hebrew3 ebd--,! ass]tion3 ,! ,messiah is exclud$ by ! circum/ance t ! subject is n only to be a tea*] ( ! ,g5tiles1 :o is end[$ ) ! ,_s ( ,god1 b is also to ann\nce deliv]ance to ,israel 7,ges5ius71 re/s only on an errone\s1 falsely lit]al int]pretation ( v]4 #g1 :i* is n a :it bett] ?an if1 9 v]4 #c1 we 7 to ?9k ( a natural bruis$ re$1 a natural wick dimly burn+4--,! objection t ?is ,s]vant ( ! ,"l is n =etold z a future p]son1 b is spok5 ( z "o pres5t1 =gets t we are "h on ! t]ritory ( prophetic vision1 t ! prophets _h n 9 va9 ! "n ( se]s1 & puts ! real1 9 place ( ! ideal ,pres5t1--a mi/ake :i* is "h ! less p>donable t ! ,prophet pre-em95tly uses ! ,future1 &1 9 ?is way1 himself expla9s ! ideal "* ( ! ins]t$ ,pret]ites4--,9 ord] to refute ! ass]tion1 t ! doctr9e ( ! ,messiah is =eign to ! second "p ( ,isaiah1 t 7z ,ewald held7 9 x ! =m] ,messianic hopes are connect$ ) ! p]son ( a hea!n k+1 viz41 ,cyrus 7h[ v little h !y :o advance su* op9ions any idea ( ! nature ( ,holy ,writ671 x is only necess>y to ref] to *ap4 lv4 #c1 #d1 :]e ! second ,david1 ! ,messiah1 appe>s1 at ! same "t1 z ,tea*]1 & z ! ,pr9ce & ,lawgiv] ( ! nations1 :o is to ext5d ! ,k+dom ( ,god f> ov] all hea!n nations4 ,t :i*1 9 t passage1 is decl>$ ( ! ,messiah1 & t :i*1 9 ^? passages :i* treat ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 is decl>$ ( ,him1 exclude "o ano!r1 z soon z1 by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 any o!r subject ?an ! ,messiah is und]/ood4 ,ev5 ?is circum/ance mu/ raise an unfav\rable prejudice aga9/ ! non-,messianic int]pretation1 t its def5d]s ,pg #bja are at "o 9 ! negative only1 b diff] 9 ! positive det]m9ation ( ! subject1 & t1 hi!rto1 no "o view has succe$$ 9 ov]?r[+ ! o!r2 & f>!r1 t ev] anon new subtleties are advanc$1 by means ( :i* x is attempt$ to pat* up & conceal ! inadmissibilities ( e individual exposition4 ,pass+ ov] ^? expositions :i* h n[ become obsolete1--su* z ( ,cyrus1 ! ,prophet ,isaiah himself--we %all give att5tion to ^? expositions only :i* ev5 n[ h _! repres5tatives1 & :i* h "s f\ndation 9 ! matt] itself4 ,! ,,lxx4 already und]/ood ,israel by ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l4 ,!y translate 9 v]4 #a3 ,greek3 ,iakb1 ho pais m\1 antilpsomai aut\1 ,isral1 ho eklektos m\1 pros$exato auton h psu* m\4 ,among ! ,jewi% int]pret]s1 ,j>*i foll[s ?is explanation1 b ) ?is modification1 t1 by ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l1 he und]/&s ! collective body ( ! righte\s 9 ,israel4 ,9 mod]n times1 ?is view is def5d$ by ,hitzig4 ,x appeals especially to ! circum/ance t1 9 a s]ies ( o!r passages ( ! second "p1 ,israel1 too1 is designat$ by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 viz4 9 *ap4 xli4 #h3 ,& ?\ ,israel1 my s]vant1 ,jacob :om ,i h *os51 se$ ( ,abraham my fri5d1 v]4 #i3 ,?\ :om ,i h tak5 f ! ends ( ! e>?1 & call$ !e f its sides1 & said unto !e3 ,?\ art my s]vant1 ,i h *os5 !e1 & n ca/ !e away1 *ap4 xlii4 #ai1 xliii4 #aj1 xliv4 #a1 #b3 ,& n[ he>1 ,o ,jacob my s]vant1 & ,israel :om ,i h *os54 ,?us sai? ! ,"l t made !e1 =m$ !e f ! womb & helpe? !e3 ,fe> n1 ,o ,jacob1 my s]vant1 & ?\ ,je%urun1 :om ,i h *os52 *ap4 xliv4 #ba1 xlv4 #d1 xlviii4 #bj2 ,say ye1 ! ,"l ha? r$eem$ ,8 s]vant ,jacob4 ,9 ! face ( ?is fact1 we %all n be p]mitt$ to ref] to ! g5]al signification ( ! expression1 & its manifold use4 ,=1 g5]ally1 x is ( v r>e occurr5ce t ,israel is p]sonifi$ z ! ,son ( ,god 79 ,ps4 cv4 #f1 x is n ,israel1 z ,k/] supposes1 b ,abraham :o is call$ ,s]vant ( ,god2 ,j]4 xxx4 #aj1 xlvi4 #bg2 ,ezek4 xxxvii4 #be are1 9 all probability1 dep5d5t ^u ! second "p ( ,isaiah1 by :i* ?is designation fir/ obta9$ a foot+71 & nev] occurs 9 su* accumulation z "h4 ,= ?is v reason1 we _c well ?9k ,pg #bjb ( an accid5t2 & if !re 0 an int5tion1 we c seek x only 9 ! circum/ance t !re exi/s a close ref]5ce to ^? prophecies :i*1 ex pr(esso1 h to d ) ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,to ?is we are l$ by ano!r circum/ance1 also4 ,:ile ^? passages 9 :i* ,israel or ,jacob is spok5 ( z ! s]vant ( ,god1 occur 9 great numb]s 9 ! fir/ book ( ! second "p ( ,isaiah1 !y disappe> altoge!r 9 ! second book1 :i* is ! prop] seat ( ! detail prophecies ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god 9 "q1 :o1 9 ! fir/ book 01 by way ( anticipation only1 m5tion$ 9 *ap4 xlii4 ,aft] *ap4 xlviii4 #bj1 :]e ! words3 ,! ,"l ha? r$eem$ ,8 s]vant ,jacob1 occur ) evid5t int5tion1 once m at ! close ( ! fir/ book1 ,jacob1 ! s]vant ( ,god1 is1 9 g5]al1 no m spok5 (1 b ! ,plural is us$ only ( ! ,israelites z ! s]vants ( ,god 9 *ap4 lxiii4 #ag3 ,= ?y s]vants'sake1 ! tribes ( ?9e inh]itance2 lxv4 #h1 #i-ac1 lxvi4 #ad1--passages :i* make x only ! m evid5t t ! ,prophet purposely avoids br++ =w>d ,jacob z ! ideal p]son ( ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l4 ,f9ally--,! idea ( *ance is entirely exclud$ by *ap4 xlix4 #c1 :]e ! ,messiah is call$ ,israel4 ,f ^! facts1 h[ev]1 we are n entitl$ to inf] t1 9 ! prophetic ann\ncem5t1 ,israel is simply spok5 ( z ! s]vant ( ,god2 b on ! contr>y ! context mu/ be view$ 9 a diff]5t & nic] way4 ,?is is evid5t f ! circum/ance t1 :ile 9 ! passages *aps4 xli4 #g1 xlviii4 #bj1 ,israel & ,jacob are int5tionally spok5 ( z ! s]vant ( ,god1 or1 at lea/1 ,israel is s di/9ctly po9t$ out t x _c be at all misund]/ood1 su* an express po9t+ to ,israel is 7) ! sole exception ( *ap4 xlix4 #c71 z int5tionally1 avoid$ 9 ! prophetic ann\ncem5t ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,! phrase ,my s]vant ,jacob1 :i*1 9 ! =m] passages is ! rule1 nev] occurs 9 ! latt]4 ,?is circum/ance cle>ly indicates t1 besides ! agreem5t1 !re exi/s a diff]5ce4 ,! facts1 h[ev]1 :i* po9t out ! agreem5t1 receive ample ju/ice by ! supposition t ! ,prophet consid]s ,*ri/ z ! conc5tration & ess5ce ( ,israel1 t he expects f ,him ! realization ( ! task :i* 0 giv5 to ,israel1 b _h n be5 fulfill$ by !m1 & j !reby1 also1 ! realization ( ! promises giv5 to ,pg #bjc ,israel4 ,b1 besides o!r reasons1 ! fact t ! :ole description ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god /&s 9 direct contradiction to :at ! ,prophet else:]e says ( ,israel1 proves t ,israel is n meant 9 opposition to ! ,messiah1--! body )\t ! head4 ,x is especially *ap4 xlii4 #ai :i* "h comes into consid]ation3 ,:o is s bl9d z my s]vant1 or s bl9d z my mess5g] :om ,i s5d8 ,israel is "h call$ s]vant ( ! ,"l1 because x _h be5 call$ by ,him to pres]ve ! true religion on e>?4 ,p>allel is ! appellation3 ,my mess5g] :om ,i s5d4 ,israel1 z ! mess5g] ( ,god1 0 to deliv] ,8 comm&s to ! ,g5tiles4 ,! ,prophet %>p5s ! repro(1 9 t he always contra/s :at ! p 71 & :at !y ought to h be51 accord+ to ! de/9ation giv5 to !m by ! ,"l4 ,! s]vant ( ! ,"l1 :o1 9 ord] to execute ,8 commissions1 mu/ h a %>p eye1 is bl9d2 ,8 mess5g] is deaf & _c he> :at ,he says to him4 ,! imm5se contra/ betwe5 idea & reality :i* is "h po9t$ out1 implies1 s9ce ! idea mu/ necess>ily be realiz$1 t x %all receive ano!r be>]2 t 9 place ( ! mess5g]1 :o has become bl9d & deaf1 !re %\ld come ! true ,mess5g] :o fir/ op5s ! eyes ( ,israel1 & !n ^? ( ! ,g5tiles1--t ! de/9ation ( ,israel1 :i* ! memb]s are unfit to realize1 %\ld be realiz$ by ! head4 ,we are n at lib]ty to say t ! s]vant :o _h become bl9d & deaf %all be conv]t$1 %all put (f ! old man & put on ! new man1 & %all !n accompli% ! great ?+s :i*1 9 ! prophecies ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 are assign$ to him4 ,= ! conv]sion1--on :i* ev]y?+ dep5ds1 & ap>t f :i* ! ann\ncem5t ( ! ,prophet w\ld be an empty fancy--is1 9 all ^! prophecies1 n m5tion$ by a s+le ^w4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god is ev]y:]e1 f ,8 v orig91 br\ght be=e u z ! absolutely j4 ,no m gl>+ contra/ c really be imag9$ ?an t :i* exi/s betwe5 t :i* ! ,prophet says ( ! ord9>y ,israel 7^: outw>d /ate1 z x is describ$ 9 *ap4 xlii4 #bb3 ,?is is a p robb$ & spoil$1 !y are all ( !m sn>$ 9 holes1 & hid 9 prison-h\ses1 is only a fai?ful image ( ! int]nal condition71 & ! ,son ( ,god 9 :om ,8 s\l delighte?1 :o 9 exub]ant love seeks ,pg #bjd t :i* is lo/1 ^: ov]fl[+ righte\sness ju/ifies _m1 & :o1 z a sub/itute1 c suff] = o!rs4 ,x is 9 ,*ri/ only1 t ,israel atta9s to its de/9ation1 bo? 9 a moral po9t ( view1 & z reg>ds ! ,div9e pres]vation & glorification4 ,to ?is x may /ill be add$1 t nei!r "h1 nor 9 ! p>allel passages is ,hebrew3 ebd ihvh ev] connect$ ) a ,plural1 b always ) ! ,s+ul> only2 :ile else:]e1 9 ! case ( collective n\ns & ideal p]sons1 ! real plurality n uncommonly %9es =? f beh9d ! unity2 & 9 ^? passages1 especially1 :]e ,israel appe>s p]sonifi$ z a unity1 ! use ( ! ,s+ul> is int]*ang$ ) t ( ! ,plural4 ,comp41 e4g41 *ap4 xli4 #h3 ,& ?\ ,israel1 my s]vant1 ,jacob :om ,i h *os51 se$ 7po/]ity7 ( ,abraham1 my fri5d1 *ap4 xliii4 #aj3 ,ye are my witnesses4 sai? ! ,"l1 & my s]vant :om ,i h *os54 ,b a circum/ance1 :i* alone w\ld be suffici5t = ! pro(1 is ! fact1 t 9 *ap4 xli4 #f1 7comp4 *ap4 xlix4 #e1 #f7 ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l is pla9ly di/+ui%$ f ! p4 ,h[ c ! ,"l say ( ! p1 t ,he w give x = a cov5ant ( ! p1 t 9 x ,he w cause ! cov5ant ) ! p to atta9 to its tru?8 ,! fact1 t ?is passage opposes an insurm\ntable b>ri] to ! explanation :i* makes ! p ! subject1 suffici5tly appe>s f ! circum/ance1 t ! expositors saw !mselves oblig$ to set aside its natural s5se by a =c$1 unphilological explanation4 ,f9ally1--,9 und]/&+ ! p by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! prophecies ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god are br\ght into irreconcileable contradiction ) all o!r prophecies1 ) ! fir/ "p ( ,isaiah1 & ev5 ) ! second "p1 inasmu* z ?+s w\ld !n be prophesi$ ( ! p :i*1 ev]y:]e else1 are con/antly assign$ to ! ,messiah4 ,?is is q op5ly express$ by ,k/]3 ,! ,s]vant ( ,jehovah is ! ,jewi% p2 view$1 h[ev]1 by ! ,prophet 9 su* a mann] z to comb9e 9 itself ! attributes ( bo?1 ! prophets & ! ,messiah4 ,prophetism w\ld h dug its own grave if its organs _h1 9 a mann] s inconsid]ate1 contradict$ ea* o!r z reg>ds ! highe/ hopes ( ! p4 ,! national conviction ( ! inspiration ( ! prophets1 :i* =m$ ! f\ndation ( _! activity & effici5cy1 c\ld1 9 t case1 n h aris5 at ,pg #bje all4 ,! same argum5ts decide p>tly also aga9/ a modification ( ?is explanation :i* evid5tly has proce$$ f emb>rassm5t only1#a aga9/ ^? :o1 by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 und]/& ! bett] portion ( ,israel1--su* z ,maur]1 ,ewald1 ,oehl] 7,ueb] d5 ,kne*t ,gottes1 ,tb+] ,zeits*rift1 #ahdj4 ,! latt] diff]s f ! o!r support]s ( ?is view 9 ?is1 t1 accord+ to him1 ! notion ( ! ideal ,israel :i*1 he ?9ks1 prevails 9 *ap4 xlii4 & xlix41 is1 9 *ap4 liii41 rais$ to ! view ( an individual--! ,messiah71 ,knobel 7,! !ocratic sub/ance ( ! p1 to :i* especially ! prophets & prie/s belong$47 ,by ?is modification1 ! explanation :i* makes ! p ! subject1 loses its only app>5t f\ndation1 inasmu* z x c no m appeal to ^? passages 9 :i* ,israel is spok5 ( z ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l2 = x is obvi\s t1 9 ^!1 n m]ely ! pi\s portion ( ! p is spok5 (4 ,at ! v outset1 9 v]4 #ai1 ! :ole ( ! p are und5iably designat$ by ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l4 ,x is !y only :o are bl9d & deaf 9 a spiritual po9t ( view4 ,! :ole p1 & n a portion ( !m1 are 9 ! condition ( s]vitude1 v]4 #bb4 ,9 v]4 #bd1 ,jacob & ,israel are expressly m5tion$4 ,! :ole p1 & n m]ely ! pi\s portion1 are objects ( ! ,"l's election 7*ap4 xli4 #h1 xliv4 #a1 #b72 ! :ole p are to be r$eem$ f ,babylon1 *ap4 xlviii4 #bj4 ,! hypo!sis ( ! pi\s portion ( ! p c z little acc\nt = ! unexceptional use ( ! s+ul>1 z ! hypo!sis ( ! :ole p2 l x1 x isolates ! prophecies ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 & br+s !m into contradiction ) all ! o!r prophecies1 :i* assign to ,*ri/ ! same ?+s t are "h assign$ to ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,b :at is especially 9 opposition to ?is hypo!sis is v]4 #c1 :]e ! ,s]vant ( ,god is designat$ z ! ,savi\r ( ! poor & afflict$1 :i*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 are no o!r ?an ! bett] portion ( ! p2 z well z o!r reasons1 :i* we %all br+ out 9 comm5t+ ^u *ap4 liii4 by :i* section ! hypo!sis is altoge!r ov]?r[n4 ,accord+ to ,de ,wette 7de morte expiat4 p4 #bf7 & ,ges5ius1 ,pg #bjf ! subject ( ! prophecy is ! collective body ( ! prophets4 ,sub/antially1 ,umbreit too 7,d] ,kne*t ,gottes1 ,hamburg #ahdj7 adh]es to ?is int]pretation4 ,he rejects ! explanation :i* ref]s x to ,*ri/ 9 ! s5se ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & on p4 #ac he completely ass5ts to ,ges5ius1 by rem>k+ t he c\ld n f9d 9 ! prophets any sup]natural1 di/9ct pr$ictions ( future ev5ts4 ,! ,prophet1 accord+ to him1 =m$ to himself1 by 8 own au?ority1 an ideal ( a ,messiah1 ! ab/raction ( :at he saw be=e 8 eyes 9 ! p1 especially 9 ! bett] portion ( !m1 b *iefly 9 ! ord] ( ! prophets1 & !n p]suad$ himself t ?is self-inv5t$ image w\ld1 at "s future p]iod1 come into exi/5ce z a real p]son4 ,! highe/ ideal ( ! prophetic ord]1 view$ z tea*+1 is repres5t$ 9 ! unity ( a p]son4 ,we f9d ! prophets z a collective body 9 ! ,hebrew3 ebd1 b *iefly1 ! prophets :o1 9 future only1 on ! rega9$ pat]nal soil1 are1 9 "s p]son1 to rea* ! highe/ p]fection4 ,?is hypo!sis ( ! collective body ( ! prophets viol5tly sev]s ! prophecy be=e u1 & ! p>allel passages f ^? passages ( ! second "p 9 :i* ,israel is spok5 ( z ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,x is q impossible to po9t out any:]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & especially 9 ! second "p ( ,isaiah1 an analog\s p]sonification ( ! ord] ( ! prophets z ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,! ref]5ce to *ap4 xliv4 #bf3 ,t e/abli%e? ! ^w ( ,8 s]vant1 & p]=me? ! c\nsel ( ,8 mess5g]s2 t sai? ( ,j]usalem3 ,%e %all be inhabit$1 & ( ! cities ( ,judah3 ,!y %all be built1 & ,i w raise up ! walls !re(1 is1 9 ?is respect1 altoge!r out ( place1 inasmu* z ! s]vant ( ! ,"l1 9 t v]se1 is n ! collective b& ( ! prophets1 b ,isaiah himself1 j z 9 *ap4 xxiii4 ,! p>allelism betwe5 ! s]vant ( ! ,"l & ,8 mess5g]s is n a synonym\s1 b a syn!tic "o1 j z1 aft]w>ds1 ,j]usalem & ! cities ( ,judah are plac$ beside "o ano!r4 ,! p>allel passages cle>ly intimate t1 by ! s]vant ( ! ,"l1 ,isaiah only is to be und]/ood4 ,?r\gh\t1 ! ,prophet ref]s exclusively to 8 own prophecies1 z reg>ds ! imp5d+ salvation ( ,israel 7! prophecies ( o!rs he m5tions1 ev]y:]e else1 always 9 ref]5ce to ! pa/ only72 ,pg #bjg & x _c be imag9$ t1 9 ?is s+le passage only1 he %\ld h designat$ himself z "o among ! _m4 ,if we consid] ^? p>allel passages1 we mu/ assume t ! mess5g]s also are repres5t$ *iefly by our ,prophet2 t he is _! m\? & organ1 j z1 9 ,rev4 i4 #a1 & xxii4 #f1 ! s]vants ( ,god & ! prophets are repres5t$ by ,john4 ,f>!r--,x _c be d5i$ t a c]ta9 am\nt ( tru? lies at ! f\ndation ( ! explanation :i* makes ! prophetic ord] ! subject4 ,! ,messiah appe>s 9 our prophecy pre-em95tly z ! ,prophet1 9 h>mony & connection ) ,deut4 xviii4 7comp4 ,vol4 i41 p4 #ajg72 & ! sub/ratum ( ! description =ms *iefly ! prophetic ord]1 :ile1 9 ! prophecies ( ! fir/ "p1 x is *iefly ! regal (fice :i* appe>s1 &1 9 *ap4 liii41 ! prie/ly4 ,b ! mi/ake 7z ,umbreit himself p>tly saw7 is1 t ?is explanation *anges ! p]son into a p]sonification1 in/ead ( recogniz+ t ! idea1 :i* hi!rto 0 only imp]fectly realis$ by ! prophetic ord]1 dem&s a future p]fect realisation 9 an individual1 s t we c\ld n b expect su* an "o ev5 if !re did n exi/ any ,messianic prophecy at all4 ,e prophet :o1 9 human weakness1 p]=m$ 8 (fice1 0 a gu>antee ( ! future appe>ance ( ! ,prophet1 z surely z ,god nev] does by halves :at1 accord+ to ,8 nature1 & z prov$ by ! exi/5ce ( ! imp]fect1 ,he mu/ d4 ,b ! fact t1 "h1 we h n be=e u a m]e p]sonification ( ! prophetic ord]1 nor1 z little1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ,umbreit1 a s+le individual by :om1 9 future1 ! idea ( ! prophetic ord] 0 to be mo/ p]fectly realis$1 is evid5t f ! circum/ance t ! ,s]vant ( ,god does n1 by any means1 repres5t himself z be+ only ! ,prophet4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ,cyrus & ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 :i* ,g4 ,mll] advances3 ,evid5tly1 ! =m] is a conqu]or2 ! latt]1 a meek tea*]1 is "o-sid$2 = ! ,s]vant ( ,god appe>s1 at ! same "t1 z a p[]ful rul]1 j z ,*ri/1 9 *ap4 lv4 #d1 is at ! same "t designat$ z a ,witness1 & z ,pr9ce & ,lawgiv] ( ! nations4 ,to ! m]e tea*] n ev5 v]4 #c is applicable1 if ! p>allel passages are comp>$1 b f> less v]4 #d3 ,! isles %all wait = ,8 law4 ,nor does a m]e tea*] come up to ! embodi$ cov5ant ) ,israel 9 v]4 #f1 nor to ! ,pg #bjh light1 i4e41 ,salvation & ,savi\r ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,by m]e tea*+1 salvation _c be wr\ght out4 ,v]4 #g also does n apply to ! m]e tea*]4 ,! collective body ( ! prophets1 or ! ideal prophet1 is altoge!r out ( place 9 *ap4 liii42 = !re ! ,s]vant ( ,god does n appe> z a ,prophet1 b z a ,high ,prie/ & ,r$eem]4 ,?is hypo!sis meets ) f>!r difficulties by ! m5tion ( ,israel 9 *ap4 xlix4 #c4 ,f>!r--,x _c well be conceiv$ h[ ! ,prophet :o1 accord+ to ^! expositors1 liv$ ab\t ! end ( ! exile1 c\ld expect su* glori\s ?+s ( ! prophetic ord]1 z t f x ev5 a prelim9>y & p>tial realization ( 8 hopes %\ld proce$4 ,at t "t ! prophetic ord] 0 already dy+ out2 & a prophetic ord] among ! exil$ _c well be spok5 ( ,f9ally--,t :i* is "h ascrib$ to ! ,s]vant ( ,god--! gr& influ5ce ^u ! hea!n _w--is n ( su* a "*1 z t ! prophets c\ld be consid]$ z ev5 ! precursors & companions 9 ! "w ( ! ,prophet4 ,nei!r prophecy nor hi/ory assigns to ! prophets any %>e 9 ?is "w4 ,?is hypo!sis sev]e ! second "p f its connection ) ! :ole rema9+ ,old ,te/am5t1 accord+ to :i* x is by ,*ri/ alone t ! reception ( ! ,g5tiles into ! ,k+dom ( ,god %all be effect$4 ,& 9 ?is second "p itself1 x /&s likewise 9 contradiction to *ap4 lv4 #c1 #d4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,v]4 #a4 ,behold my ,s]vant :om ,i uphold1 m9e elect1 9 :om my s\l delighte?2 ,i h put my ,_s ^u ,him1 ,he %all br+ =? "r#b to ! ,g5tiles4 ,e pi\s man is call$1 9 g5]al1 s]vant ( ! ,"l1 comp4 ,job i4 #h2 ,ps4 xix4 #ab1 #ad2 b ord9>ily1 ! designation is1 9 a special s5se1 appli$ to ^? :om ,god makes use ( = ! execution ( ,8 purposes1 to :om ,he entru/s ! adm9i/ration ( ,8 affaire1 & :om ,he equips = ! promotion ( ,8 glory4 ,david1 :o1 accord+ to ,acts xiii4 #cf1 _h 9 8 g5]ation s]v$ ! c\nsel ( ,god1 calls himself ,pg #bji 9 8 pray] 9 #b ,sam4 vii41 n few] ?an t5 times1 ! s]vant ( ,god1 7,vol4 i1 p4 #ace1 #acf72 & ! same designation he gives to himself 9 ! inscriptions ( ,ps4 xviii4 & xxxvi4 ,! ,prophets are call$ s]vants ( ,god 9 #b ,k+s xiii4 #c2 ,j]4 xxvi4 #e4 ,9 ! highe/ & mo/ p]fect degree1 t designation belongs to ,*ri/1 :o1 9 ! mo/ p]fect mann]1 c>ri$ out ! decrees ( ,god1 & to :om all =m] s]vants & in/rum5ts ( ! ,"l 9 ,8 k+dom1 po9t$ z types4 ,b ! designation has n m]ely a ref]5ce to ! subjective elem5t ( ob$i5ce1 b po9ts1 at ! same "t1 to ! dignity ( him :o is ?us designat$4 ,x is a high hon\r to be receiv$ by ,god among ! numb] ( ,8 s]vants1 :o enjoy ! provid5ce & protection ( _! mighty & ri* ,"l4 ,t ?is aspect--! dignity--comes "h *iefly into consid]ation1 9 ! case ( ,him :o is ! ,s]vant ( ,god ,greek3 kat'ezo*n1 & 9 :om1 !re=e1 ?is dignity mu/ rea* its highe/ degree1 s t ! designation1 ,my ,s]vant1 bord]s v closely ^u t ( ,my ,son1 7comp4 ,mat?4 iii4 #ag1 xvii4 #e72--t ?is aspect comes "h *iefly into consid]ation is probable ev5 f ! circum/ance t1 9 ^? passages ( ! second "p :i* treat ( ,israel z ! s]vant ( ,god1 x is j ?is aspect :i* is pre-em95tly reg>d$4 ,?us x is 9 *ap4 xli4 #h3 ,& ?\ ,israel1 my s]vant1 ,jacob1 :om ,i h *os51 ! se$ ( ,abraham1 my fri5d4 ,to be ! s]vant ( ,god appe>s "h z an hon\r1 z ! privilege :i* 0 be/[$ ^u ,israel 9 pref]5ce to ! ,g5tiles4 ,on v]4 #i3 ,?\1 :om ,i h tak5 f ! ends ( ! e>?1 & f h] bord]s call$ !e1 & said unto !e3 ,?\ art my s]vant1 ,i h *os5 !e & n ca/ !e away1 ,lu!r rem>ks3 ,! "n1 'my s]vant1'conta9s ! highe/ consolation1 bo? :5 we look to ,him :o speaks1 viz44 ,he :o has creat$ ev]y?+1 & also to him :o is address$1 viz41 afflict$ & =sak5 man4 ,9 *ap4 xliv4 #a1 #b3 ,& n[ he>1 ,o ,jacob1 my s]vant1 & ,israel :om ,i h *os52 ?us sai? ! ,"l t made !e1 & =m$ !e f ! womb1 :o w help !e3 ,fe> n1 ,o ,jacob1 my s]vant1 & ,je%urun1 :om ,i h *os51 all ! designations ( ,god & ,israel s]ve only = an introduction to ! exhortation3 ,fe> n1 by lay+ op5 ! necessity :i* exi/s = ! promise 9 ,pg #baj v]4 #c1 :i*1 )\t su* ca f\ndation1 w\ld be baseless4 ,! context & ! p>allelism ) :om ,i h *os5 %[ t ! designation1 s]vant ( ,god 9 ^! v]ses has no ref]5ce to a duty impos$1 b to a privilege1 a relation :i* is ! pl$ge ( div9e aid to ,israel4 ,je%urun /&s z a k9d ( nom5 proprium1 & is n p>allel to ,hebrew3 ebdi1 b to ,jacob4 ,9 *ap4 xliv4 #ba3 ,rememb] ?is1 ,o ,jacob1 & ,israel1 = ?\ art my s]vant1 ,i h =m$ !e = a s]vant to me1 ,israel1 ?\ %alt n be =gott5 ( me1 ! ,hebrew3 alh ?is ref]s to ! folly ( idolatry exhibit$ 9 ! prec$+ v]ses4 ,! duty t ,israel %\ld rememb] ?is1 is f\nd$ ^u ! fact1 t he is ! s]vant ( ! ,"l1 call$ by ,him to a glori\s dignity1 to high pr]ogatives1 ( :i* he mu/ n rob himself by apo/atiz+ f ,him4 ,x is ,he :o has be/[$ ^u him ?is dignity1 & ,he w soon %[ by de$s1 t ,he _c =get him1 if only 8 he>t does n =get 8 ,god4 ,9 a simil> mann]1 9 *ap4 xlv4 #d1 ! protect+ provid5ce & love ( ,god are look$ to4 ,! aspect ( ! duty & ( ! s]vice :i* ,israel has to p]=m to 8 ,"l1 is specially po9t$ out 9 a s+le passage only1 9 *ap4 xlii4 #ai2 all ! o!r passages place ! dignity 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,t1 9 ! designation4 ,s]vant ( ,god1 9 ! passage be=e u1 prom95ce is also giv5 to ! dignity1 is confirm$ by ! addition ( :om ,i uphold1 :i* pres5ts itself z an imm$iate consequ5ce ( ! relation ( a s]vant ( ,god1 & by ! p>allel3 m9e elect 9 :om my s\l delighte?4--,hebrew3 tm,k to take1 to seize1 to hold1 :5 foll[$ by ,hebrew3 b1 always signifies to lay hold (1 to hold fa/1 to support4 ,) ! words3 ,behold my s]vant :om ,i uphold1 corresponds :at ! ,"l says 9 ,john viii4 #bi3 ,greek3 ho pempsas me met'em\ e/94 ouk aphke me monon ho ,patr1 hoti eg ta are/a aut poi pantote2 comp4 ,john iii4 #b2 ,acts x4 #ch4 ,! ,pret]ite ,hebrew3 ntti is employ$1 because ! communication ( ! ,_s is ! condition ( 8 br++ =? "r1 j z1 9 v]4 #f1 ! call+ is ! gr\nd ( ! pres]vation4 ,9 ! :ole ( ! description ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! ,future prevails ?r\gh\t2 ! ,praet]itum propheticum is employ$ only1 :]e some?+ is to be designat$1 :i*1 relatively1 is antec$5t2 comp>e ! words3 ,& ! ,_s ( ! ,"l re/s ^u ,pg #baa ,him1 9 *ap4 xi4 #b2 lxi4 #a2 ,matt4 iii4 #af2 ,john iii4 #cd4 ,! ?ree passages 9 ,isaiah :i* speak ( ! communication ( ! ,_s to ,*ri/ are insep>ably connect$ ) "o ano!r1 &1 on ! :ole ,old ,te/am5t t]ritory1 !re is no passage exactly p>allel to !m4 ,! ,hiphel ( ,hebrew3 ica mu/ n be expla9$ by to ann\nce1 z "s int]pret]s d2 = 9 ?is signification x n[h]e occurs2 & accord+ to :at foll[s1 & ! p>allel passages1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god does n by any means e/abli% "r by ! m]e ann\ncem5t1 b by ,8 holy disposition4 ,b z little c we expla9 ,hebrew3 hvcia by to lead out1 9 contra/ to ! circum/ance t1 "u ! ,old ,te/am5t1 "r 0 limit$ to a s+le nation4 ,= 9 ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 li4 #d3 ,he>k5 unto me1 my p1 & give e> unto me1 ,o my congregation1 = law %alt proce$ f me1 & ,i w set my "r = ! light ( ! nations1 ,hebrew3 ica does n mean to g out1 b to g =?1 i4e41 to proce$4 ,9 ! same way1 9 ,hab4 i4 #d3 ,& n does "r g =? = ev]1 i4e41 x nev] comes =?1 is nev] e/abli%$1 comp4 ,vol4 i41 p4 #ddb1 #ddc4 ,h5ce ,hebrew3 hvcia "h c mean only to br+ to light1 to br+ =?4 ,hebrew3 mwp,t is1 by sev]al int]pret]s1 tak5 9 ! signification1 religion2 b x is j v]4 #d1 by :i* !y support _! view1 :i* %[s t ! ord9>y signification "r1 mu/ be reta9$ "h4 ,= 9 t v]se1 "r /&s 9 p>allelism ) law1 by :i* "r is e/abli%$2 comp4 *ap4 li4 #d4 ,be=e ,god's ,k+dom 01 by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ext5d$ to ! ,g5tile nations1 !re exi/$ among !m1 not)/&+ all ! excell5ce ( outw>d legal arrangem5ts1 a condition )\t "r 9 ! high] s5se4 ,"r1 9 its ess5ce1 has its root 9 ,god1 z may be se5 f ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 :i* ev]y:]e g back to ,god1 & 9 all ( :i* ,lu!r1 9 8 exposition ( ! t5 comm&m5ts1 rightly repeats3 ,we %all fe> & love ,god4 ,:]e1 !re=e1 ! liv+ ,god is n kn[n1 !re c be no "r4 ,! comm&m5t3 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself1 e4g41 has any mean+ only :]e ! eye is op5 = ! div9e image :i* ! neighb\r be>s1 & = ! r$emption ( :i* he is a fell[-p>tak]4 ,! comm&m5t3 ,hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m w g to ! he>t only :]e ! div9e pat]nity is kn[n1 ( :i* all e>?ly pat]nity is only an image4 ,pg #bab ,9 ,deut4 iv4 #e-h1 ,israel's happ9ess is prais$1 9 t !y alone1 among all ! nations1 are 9 possession ( ,god's laws & comm&m5ts4 ,^? privileges ( ,israel are1 by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 to be ext5d$ to ! ,g5tiles :o1 because !y are de/itute ( "r1 are1 9 ,deut4 xxxii4 #ba1 call$ a fooli% nation4 ,9 ,ps4 cxlvii4 #ai1 #bj1 x is said3 ,he %[e? ,8 ^w unto ,jacob1 ,8 /atutes & laws unto ,israel4 ,he has n dealt s ) any nation1 & law !y d n "k4 ,?is passage t\*es v closely ^u t be=e u2 l x1 x d5ies "r to ! ,g5tiles 9 g5]al4 ,! ,g5tiles1 be+ )\t ,god 9 ! _w1 d n "k any "r at all4 ,= t :i* !y call s1 is only ! %ad[ ( t :i* really des]ves ?is "n1 is only a d>k mixture ( "r & wrong4 ,z reg>ds ! fir/ table ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 !y grope entirely 9 ! d>k2 & ) respect to ! second table1 x is only "h & !re t !y see a fa9t glimpse ( light4--,a consequ5ce ( ! br++ =? ( "r to ! ,g5tiles is ! ceas+ ( w>1 z x is describ$ 9 *ap4 ii4 #d4 ,:5 "r has obta9$ dom9ion1 x _c tol]ate w> beside x2 :]e !re is true "r1 !re is also peace4 ,! b5efit :i*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 is conf]r$ ^u ! ,g5tiles1 is enjoy$ by ,israel also3 ,! int5tion ( com=t+ & enc\rag+ ,israel cle>ly appe>s 9 ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 li4 #d4 ,= ! "r :i* obta9s dom9ion among ! ,g5tiles1 is ,israel's pride & ornam5t1 s t1 along ) _! ,god & ,8 "r1 !y obta9 also ! dom9ion ov] ! ,g5tile _w1 by :i* !y 7 hi!rto kept 9 bondage2 & :5soev] & :]esoev] ! div9e "r obta9s dom9ion1 ! viol5t oppression mu/ cease1 "u :i* ! p ( ,god _h be5 groan+ up to t "t4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god1 h[ev]1 :o br+s =? "r to ! ,g5tiles1 =ms ! contra/ to ! worldly conqu]or1 ( :om x 0 said 9 *ap4 xli4 #be3 ,he come? ^u pr9ces z mort>1 &1 j z ! pott] treade? ! clay4--,! words3 ,he %all br+ =? "r1 purposely return aga9 9 v]4 #c2 & equally int5tionally1 ! words3 ,he %all f\nd "r on ! e>?1 9 v]4 #d1 ref] to !m4 ,we h ?us--,/i] p]t95tly rem>ks--9 v]4 #a1 ! sum & sub/ance1 ev5 to its aim4 ,b x is imm$iately br\ght m di/9ctly to view1 :at ,pg #bac w be ! _s & "*1 ! mode ( op]ation1 by :i* ?is aim is to be br\ght ab\t4 ,v]4 #b2 ,he %all n cry nor lift up1 nor cause ,8 voice to be he>d 9 ! /reet4 ,aft] ,hebrew3 iwa he %all lift up1 ,8 voice mu/ be suppli$ f ! context4 ,! words mu/ n be und]/ood 9 su* a mann]1 z if !y /ood 9 opposition to *ap4 lviii4 #a3 ,cry ) ?y ?roat1 d n refra91 lift up ?y voice l ! trumpet1 & %[ my p _! transgression1 & to ! h\se ( ,jacob _! s9s4 ,! ,prophet1 9 t passage1 enc\rages himself2 & he _c mean to repres5t t z objectionable1 by ! circum/ance t1 9 ! case ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! v ideal ( all ! s]vants ( ,god1 he po9ts out & praises ! v opposite4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 e int]pretation is to be avoid$ accord+ to :i* dumb dogs :i* _c b>k f9d a pretext 9 ?is passage4 ,accord+ to ,prov4 i4 #bj3 ,wisdom crie? al\d )\t1 %e utt]e? h] voice 9 ! /reets4 ,j z ! prohibition ( swe>+ 9 ,matt4 v4 #cd is qualifi$ by ! opposition to ,ph>isaic levity 9 curs+ & swe>+1 s "h1 also1 ! anti!sis to ! l\d mann] ( ! worldly conqu]or mu/ be kept 9 view1--! contra/ to 8 viol5ce :i* /akes e ?+ ^u c>ry+ 8 own w1 :i* cries & rages :5 x meets ) opposition & resi/ance1 7,matt4 r5d]s ,hebrew3 iceq by ,greek3 erisei1 ,he %all cont5d71 to ! e>ne/ly s\ght publicity1 to ! int5tion ( caus+ s5sation1 z x proce$s f vanity or pride4 ,! ,greek3 kraugasei1 by :i* ,mat!w r5d]s ! ,hebrew3 iwa1 has no?+ 9 common ) ! ,greek3 ekraxe :i*1 9 ,john vii4 #bh1 #cg1 is said ( ,*ri/4 ,) ! passionate re/lessness1 ) :i* ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/ seeks to c>ry ?r\gh 8 human plans1 & to place himself 9 ! c5tre ( ! _w's hi/ory1 is "h contra/$ ! inw>d composure & deportm5t ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ,8 equanimity1 ,8 fre$om f excitem5t1--all ( :i* are bas$ ^u ! cle> consci\sness ( ,8 dignity & mission1 ^u ! conviction ( ! p[] ( ! tru? :i* is ( ,god1 ( ! p[] ( ! ,_s :i* op5s up ! m9ds & he>ts = x1 & :i* has its s\rce 9 ! decl>ation3 ,i put my ,_s ^u ,him1 by :i* ! great wall ( sep>ation betwe5 ,him & ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/ is set up4 ,x is j ,pg #bad because ( ,8 n be+ beat ^u c>ry+ ?r\gh any ?+1 because ( ,8 great confid5ce1 t ! ,s]vant ( ,god ga9s ev]y?+1 & obta9s ,8 object ( br++ "r to ! nations4--,matt41 9 *ap4 xii4 #ae-ba1 f9ds ! confirmation ( ! "* "h assign$ to ,*ri/ 9 two circum/ances3--fir/1 9 ,8 n ent]+ into a viol5t dispute ) ! ,ph>isees oppos+ ,him 7,greek3 hoi de ph>isaioi sumb\lion elabon kat'aut\ exel?ontes1 hops auton apoless971 9 ,8 n excit+ aga9/ !m ! masses :o 7 devot$ to ,him1 b 9 )draw+ f !m 7,greek3 ho de ,is\s gn\s ane*rs5 ekei!n1 v]4 #ae71 be+ conv9c$ t ! cause 0 n ,8 b ,god's1 & t !re 0 no reason = gett+ angry ) ^? :o 7 cont5d+ aga9/ ,god2 j z ,david said ( ,%imei3 ,let him curse1 because ! ,"l has said unto him1 ,curse ,david4--,secondly1 9 ! circum/ance t in/ead ( avail+ himself ( ! excitem5t ( ! ar\s$ masses1 ,he *>g$ !m t !y %\ld n make kn[n ,8 miracul\s de$s 7,greek3 kai epetims5 autois h9a m phanron auton poiss91 v]4 #af71 be+ conv9c$ t ,he did n ne$ to seek to draw att5tion to himself1 b t1 by ! secret & hidd5 p[] ( ,god1 ,8 "w w\ld be accompli%$4 ,v]4 #c4 ,! b5t re$ %all ,he n break1 & ! dimly burn+ wick %all ,he n qu5*2 9 tru? %all ,he br+ =? "r4 ,"h1 too1 ! anti!sis to ! worldly conqu]or :o1 )\t m]cy1 ,come? ^u pr9ces z mort>1 & z a pott] treade? ! clay 7*ap4 xli4 #be71 ^: m9d is b5t only ^u de/roy+ & cutt+ (f nations n a few 7*ap4 x4 #g71 :o does n give re/ until he has fully ca/ d[n to ! gr\nd ! brok5 p[]4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god1 f> f break+ ! b5t re$1 %all1 on ! contr>y--?is is ! positive oppos$ to ! negative--c>e =1 & assi/ ! wret*$ ) t5d] love4 ,j !reby does ,he accompli% ! object ( ,8 ef=ts4 ,! confirmation ( ! "* "h assign$ to ,*ri/ is1 by ,mat!w1 f\nd 9 ,8 heal+ ! sick 7,greek3 kai e!rapeus5 aut\s pantas1 v]4 #ae71 z prefigur+ all t :i* ,he1 :o has decl>$ ! object ( ,8 com+ to be to seek all t :i* 0 lo/1 did & accompli%$1 9 g5]al1 = ! mis]y ( ! human race4 ,!re _c be any d\bt t ! b5t re$ & ! dimly burn+ wick are figurative designations ,pg #bae ( ^? :o1 beat5 d[n by suff]+s1 feel !mselves to be poor & mis]able4 ,^! ! we>y & heavy lad51 ! ,s]vant ( ,god w n drive to despair by sev]ity1 b com=t & refre% by t5d] love4 ,8 conduct t[>ds !m is t ( a ,savi\r4 ,z a b5t re$1 ,hebrew3 qnh rcv,c1 ,ph>aoh appe>s on acc\nt ( 8 brok5 p[]1 9 *ap4 xxxvi4 #f1 & 9 *ap4 lviii4 #f1 ! ,hebrew3 rcvci,m are ! oppress$4 ,! fact1 t ! wick dimly burn+ & ne> to be+ ext+ui%$ is an image ( exhau/$ /r5g?1 is %[n by *ap4 xliii4 #ag1 :]e1 9 ref]5ce to ! ,egyptians c>ri$ away by ! judgm5t1 x is said3 ,!y are ext9ct1 !y are qu5*$ l a wick4 ,9 ! p>allel passages :i* treat ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! we>y 9 *ap4 l4 #d1 & ! brok5-he>t$ 9 *ap4 lxi4 #a1 correspond to x4 ,else:]e1 too1 ! wret*$ appe> z objects ( ! lov+ provid5ce ( ! ,savi\r4 ,?us1 9 *ap4 xi4 #d3 ,& ,he judges 9 righte\sness ! l[2 9 ,ps4 lxxii4 #d3 ,he %all judge ! poor ( ! p2 ,he %all save ! *ildr5 ( ! ne$y1 & %all break 9 pieces ! oppressor2 & 9 v]s4 #ab-ad3 ,= ,he deliv]e? ! ne$y :5 he crie?1 & ! mis]able1 & him t ha? no deliv]]4 ,f oppression & viol5ce ,he deliv]e? _! s\l1 & preci\s is _! blood 9 ,8 sight4 ,j z1 9 ! passage be=e u1 ! br++ =? ( "r appe>s z a consequ5ce ( ! lov+ provid5ce = ! b5t re$1 & ! dimly burn+ wick1 s 9 t ,psalm1 ! great fact3 ,& all ! k+s wor%ip ,him1 & all ! nations s]ve ,him1 is trac$ back to ! t5d] love ) :i* ,he c>es = & helps ! poor & ne$y4 ,9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 ! beatitude ( ! ,greek3 pt*oi1 ,matt4 v4 #c1 ( ! ,greek3 p5?\ntes1 v]4 #d1 & 9 ,matt4 xi4 #bh1 ! invitation ( ! ,greek3 kopintes kai pephortism5oi1 exactly correspond4 ,! wick$ & ungodly1 ^u :om ! judgm5ts ( ,god h be5 inflict$1 are n includ$1 because !y are n wret*$ 9 ! full s5se2 = !y h>d5 !mselves aga9/ ! suff]+1 or seek to div]t !mselves 9 x2 !y d n take x fully to he>t4 ,! ,greek3 t pneumati1 9 _! consci\sness1 :i* 9 ,mat!w is add$ to ! simple ,greek3 pt*oi1 :i* alone we f9d 9 ,luke1 mu/ be und]/ood z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,he only is poor 9 ! full s5se1 :o feels & takes to he>t 8 pov]ty4 ,accord+ to an int]pretation widely spread1 rep5t+ s9n]s are designat$ ,pg #baf by ! b5t re$1 & dimly burn+ wick4 ,?us ,lu!r writes3 ,t means t ! w\nd$ consci5ce1 ^? :o are t]rifi$ at ! sight ( _! s9s1 ! weak 9 life & fai? are n ca/ away by ,him1 are n oppress$ & condemn$1 b t ,he c>es = !m1 t5ds & nurses !m1 makes !m :ole & embraces !m ) love4 ,b rep5t+ s9n]s d n "h come into consid]ation p] se1 b only z "o species ( ! wret*$1 inasmu* z1 accord+ to ,lu!r's expression1 truly to feel s9 is a torm5t beyond all torm5ts4--,! la/ words3 ,9 tru? %all ,he br+ =? "r aga9 take up ! close ( v]4 #a1 aft] ! means h be5 /at$1 9 ! int]v5+ words1 by :i* ,he is to br+ ab\t ! result4 ,! ,hebrew3 lamt mu/ n be translat$3 ,= tru? 7,,lxx3 ,greek3 eis al!ian72 = !re is a ?or\gh diff]5ce betwe5 ,hebrew3 l & ,hebrew3 al2 ! =m] does n1 l ! latt]1 designate ! motion t[>ds "s object1 b is r1 "h also1 a preposition signify+ belong+ to2 h5ce ,hebrew3 lamt means belong+ to tru?1 9 a true mann]1 9 tru?4 ,by e o!r mode ( deal+1 "r w\ld be e/abli%$ 9 appe>ance & outw>dly only4 ,mat!w r5d]s x3 ,greek3 hes an ekbal eis nikos tn kris91 until ,he has l$ "r to victory4 ,by ! addition ( ,greek3 hes he intimates1 t ! la/ words /ate ! result :i* is br\ght ab\t by ! conduct ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god describ$ 9 ! prec$+ words4 ,greek3 ,eis nikos is a free translation ( ,hebrew3 lamt2 ,greek3 krisis is "r1 z 9 *ap4 xxiii4 #bc4--;,h[ objectionable & unt5able all ! non-,messianic explanations are1 appe>s v cle>ly 9 ?is v]se4 ,if ,israel 7 ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 !n ! ,g5tile _w mu/ be repres5t$ by ! b5t re$ & dimly burn+ wick4 ,b 9 t case1 we mu/ h rec\rse to su* arbitr>y int]pretations z1 e4g41 t giv5 by ,k/]3 ,! weak fai? & imp]fect k ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,no weak fai?1 no imp]fect k1 h[ev]1 is spok5 (2 b ! ,s]vant ( ,god appe>s z a ,savi\r ( ! poor & afflict$1 ( ^? brok5 by suff]+s4 ,^? :o1 by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 und]/& ! bett] portion ( ! p1 or ! prophetic ord]1 speak ( ! meek _s ( ! mode ( tea*+1 :i* does n by any means altoge!r cru% ! s9n] already br\ght l[1 b1 9 a g5tle1 affectionate mann]1 raises him up1 7,umbreit72 or say ) ,knobel3 ,^! poor & afflict$ ,he does n ,pg #bag humble /ill m by h>d1 depress+ words1 b speaks to !m 9 a com=t+ & enc\rag+ way1 rais+ !m up & /r5g!n+ !m4 ,b 9 ?is explanation ev]y?+ is1 )\t reason1 drawn into ! t]ritory ( spee*1 :ile ,mat!w rightly sees1 9 ! heal+ ( ! sick by ,*ri/1 a confirmation by de$s ( ! prophecy be=e u4 ,9 *ap4 lxi41 also1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god does n only br+ glad tid+s1 b creates1 at ! same "t1 ! bless+s ann\nc$4 ,accord+ to *ap4 lxi4 #c1 ,he gives to !m t m\rn 9 ,zion beauty = a%es1 joy = m\rn+1 g>m5t ( praise = a weak 7,hebrew3 khh7 _s4 ,v]se #f ( ! *apt] be=e u mo/ cle>ly indicates h[ little we are all[$ to limit ourselves to m]e speak+2 =1 accord+ to t v]se1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god is himself ! cov5ant ( ! p1 & ! light ( ! ,g5tiles1 & accord+ to v]4 #g1 ,he op5s ! eyes ( ! bl9d1 c4 ,v]4 #d4 ,he %all n fail nor run away until ,he %all h f\nd$ "r 9 ! e>?1 & = ,8 law ! isles %all wait4 ,on3 ,he %all n fail1 prop]ly1 ,he %all n become dim1 comp4 ,deut4 xxxiv4 #g1 :]e x is said ( ,moses1 ! s]vant ( ,god3 ,8 eye _h n become dim1 nor _h 8 /r5g? fl$4 ,! ,hebrew3 la irv,c ,he %all n run away 7prop]ly1 ,he %all n run7 is qualifi$ & fix$ by ! p>allelism ) ,hebrew3 la ikhh ,he %all n fail4 ,hebrew3 rv,c 9 o!r passages also1 sev]al times receives1 by ! context1 ! qualifi$ signification to run away1 to take to flight1 to flee2 comp4 ,judges viii4 #ba2 ,j]4 xlix4 #ai4 ,! words3 ,he %all n fail nor run away imply t1 9 ! c>ry+ out ( ,8 vocation1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god %all meet ) p[]ful ob/acles1 ) ob/9ate enemies1 & %all h to endure sev]e suff]+s4 ,t :i* is "h m]ely h9t$ at1 is c>ri$ out & detail$ 9 *ap4 xlix41 l41 liii4 ,h[ ne> ,he 0 to fail+ & runn+ away 7,david1 too1 0 oblig$ to say3 ,oh6 t ,i _h w+s l a dove1 !n w\ld ,i fly away & be at re/7 is se5 f ,8 utt]ance 9 ,matt4 xvii4 #ag3 ,greek3 g5ea api/os kai die/ramm51 hes pote esomi me?' humn2 hes pote anexomai humn4--,accord+ to ! curr5t op9ion1 ,hebrew3 irv,c is "h assum$ to be ! ,future ( ,hebrew3 rc,c1 = ,hebrew3 ir,c1 & t 9 ! appropriate signification3 ,he %all n be brok54 7,?us x 0 probably ,pg #bah view$ by ! ,*aldean ,p>aphra/ :o r5d]s ,hebrew3 la ilai non laborabit2 by ! ,,lxx41 :o translate ,greek3 ou ?rau?ssetai1 :ile ,aquila & ,symma*us1 accord+ to ! acc\nt ( ,j]ome1 r5d]1 non curret1 ?us foll[+ ! d]ivation f ,hebrew3 rv,c74 ,z ,hebrew3 ikhh po9ts back to ,hebrew3 khh 9 ! prec$+ v]se1 s1 9 t case ,hebrew3 irv,c w\ld po9t back to ,hebrew3 rcv,c ,he %all n break t :i* is b5t1 nor qu5* t :i* is dimly burn+2 b nei!r %all ,he himself be brok5 or qu5*$4 ,b ?is explanation is oppos$ by ! circum/ance1 t we mu/ make up our m9ds to admit a d\ble anomaly4 ,! t]ritories ( ! two v]bs ,hebrew3 rc,c & ,hebrew3 rv,c are ev]y:]e else kept di/9ct1 & ! =m] ev]y:]e else means to break1 & n to be brok54 ,9 ! only passage1 ,eccl4 xii4 #f1 br\ght =w>d 9 support ( ?is irregul>ity1 ,hebrew3 rv,c to run1 to flee away1 be+ 9 p>allelism ) ,hebrew3 nr,hq to be remov$1 is q appropriate2 j z 9 ! second clause ( t v]se ,hebrew3 rv,c to be cru%$1 is 9 p>allelism ) ,hebrew3 nwbr to be brok54--,hebrew3 aii,m are1 9 ! usus loqu5di ( ,isaiah1 n s mu* ! real isl&s1 z r ! isl&s 9 ! sea ( ! _w1 ! c\ntries & k+doms2 comp>e rem>ks on ,rev4 vi4 #ad1 & ,ps4 xcvii4 #a 7second ,edition74 ,! law = :i* ! isl&s wait is n s mu* a ready-made code ( laws1 z ! s+le decisions ( ! liv+ ,lawgiv]1 :i* ! ,g5tiles1 ) anxi\s desire1 %all receive z _! rule 9 all circum/ances1 aft] !y h spontane\sly submitt$ to ! dom9ion ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 hav+ be5 attract$ by ,8 lov+ disp5sations4 ,sev]al unphilologically translate3 = ,8 doctr9e1 :i* does n ev5 give a good s5se1 = x is n ! doctr9e :i* is wait$ =2 its value is kn[n only aft] x has be5 prea*$4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god appe>s "h z ! spiritual ,rul] ( ! nations2 & ?is ,he becomes by be+1 9 ! fulle/ s5se1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 s t ,8 w is n diff]5t f ! w ( ,god1 nor ,hebrew3 tvrh f t ( ,god1 j z1 9 a l[] t]ritory1 ev5 ,asaph speaks ! bold ^w3 ,he>1 my p1 my law4 ,! s+] comes =? z "o :o has full au?ority1 ! ',se]' & ',prophet' utt] laws :i* leave no alt]native betwe5 ,salvation & de/ruction4 ,p>allel is *ap4 ii4 #c1 #d1 :]e ! nations g up to ,zion1 9 ord] !re to seek laws = ! regulation ( _! practical conduct1 & accord+ to :i* ! ,"l judges among ! nations1 & ! law goes =? ,pg #bai out ( ,zion1 & ! ^w ( ! ,"l f ,j]usalem4 ,! diff]5ce is ?is only1--t1 9 t passage1 ! matt] is trac$ back imm$iately to ,god1 :ile "h1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god is m5tion$ z ! ,m$iator betwe5 ,him & ! ,g5tiles4 ,b we mu/ keep 9 m9d t1 = *ap4 ii4 also1 ! p>allel passages 9 *ap4 iv41 ix41 xi41 furni% ! supplem5t4 ,we mu/1 f>!r1 comp>e also *ap4 li4 #e3 ,my righte\sness is ne>1 my salvation goes =?1 m9e arms %all judge ! nations1 ! isles %all wait = me1 & on m9e arm %all !y hope4 ,! judg+ 9 t passage does n mean div9e punitive judgm5ts2 b x is r !reby intimat$ t all ! nations %all recognise ! ,"l z _! ,k+1 to ^: gov]nm5t !y will+ly submit1 & ) :om !y seek ! decision ( _! disputes4 ,mat!w purposely *anges x into3 ,& 9 ,8 "n %all ! ,g5tiles tru/4 ,! desire = ! comm&s ( ! ,"l is an effect ( ! love ( ,8 "n1 i4e41 ( ,him :o is glorifi$ by ,8 de$s4 ,= ! "n is ! product ( de$s1--"h especially ( ^? designat$ 9 v]4 #b & #c4 ,! comm&s are desir$ & long$ =1 only because ! p]son is belov$ on acc\nt ( ,8 de$s4 ,mat!w has only di/9ctly br\ght out t :i*1 9 ! orig9al text1 is intimat$ by ! connection ) ! prec$+ v]ses4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ,8 quiet1 j1 & m]ciful disp5sation1 ! isles %all wait = ,8 law4 ,9 v]4 #e-g ! ,"l addresses ,8 ,s]vant1 & promises ,him t1 by ,8 omnipot5ce1 ! great "w = :i* ,he has call$ ,him1 %all be c>ri$ out & accompli%$1 viz41 t ! cov5ant relation to ,israel %all be fully realiz$1 & ! d>kness ( ! ,g5tile _w %all be *ang$ into light4 ,v]4 #e4 ,?us sai? ,god ! ,"l1 :o create? ! heav5s & /ret*e? !m out2 :o spreade? =? ! e>? & t :i* come? out ( x2 :o give? brea? unto ! p ^u x1 & _s to !m t walk !reon4 ,! ,prophet directs att5tion to ! omnipot5ce ( ,god1 9 ord] to give a firm support to fai? 9 ! promise :i* exce$s all human conception4 ,x is by ?is t ! accumulation ( ! pr$icates is to be acc\nt$ =4 ,he :o fully realizes :at a great ?+ x is to br+ an apo/ate _w back to ,god1 to t ,god :o has become a /rang] to x1 ,pg #bbj w surely n expla9 ?is accumulation by a disposition1 on ! "p ( ! ,prophet1 to diffus5ess4 ,v]4 #f4 ,i ! ,"l h call$ !e 9 righte\sness1 & ,i w seize ?9e h&1 & w keep !e1 & give !e = ! cov5ant ( ! p &1 = ! ,light ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,x is s obvi\s t ,hebrew3 bcdq mu/ be translat$ by 9 righte\sness1 t ! explanations :i* disagree ) x d n des]ve to be ev5 m5tion$4 ,! mission ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god has its root 9 ! div9e righte\sness1 :i* gives to e "o 8 due1--to ! cov5ant-p1 salvation4 ,ev5 ap>t f ! promise1 ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/ re/s on ! righte\sness ( ,god4 ,= x is 9 opposition to ! nature & "* ( a p ( ,god to be1 = any l5g? ( "t1 9 mis]y1 & %ut up to "o corn] ( ! e>?4 ,t :i* is to be accompli%$ = ,israel by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 =ms1 9 ! sequel1 ! fir/ subject ( disc\rse4 ,b ev5 t :i* ,he af=ds to ! ,g5tiles is1 at ! same "t1 giv5 to ,israel1 inasmu* z x is "o ( _! pr]ogatives t salvation = ! ,g5tiles %\ld g =? f !m4 ,z1 "h1 ! mission ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 s1 9 *ap4 xlv4 #ac1 ! appe>ance ( ! l[] deliv]] appe>s z ! "w ( div9e righte\sness3 ,i h rais$ him up 9 righte\sness1 & all 8 ways ,i w make /raight4 ,simil>ly also 9 *ap4 xli4 #b3 ,:o rais$ up f ! ,ea/ him :om righte\sness calls :]ev] he goes1 i4e41 him1 all ^: /eps are det]m9$ by ,god's righte\sness1 :o1 9 all 8 und]tak+s1 is guid$ by x4--,! seiz+ by ! h&1 ! keep+1 c41 are ! consequ5ce ( ,8 be+ call$1 & are equival5t to3 j because ,i h call$ him1 !re=e w ,i1 c4 ,lu!r rem>ks3 ,namely1 = ?is reason1 t ,satan & ! _w1 ) all _! might & wisdom1 w resi/ ?y "w4 ,9 ! words3 ,= ! ,cov5ant ( ! p1 & = ! ,light ( ! ,g5tiles1 ,hebrew3 e,m & ,hebrew3 gvi,m =m an anti!sis4 ,! abs5ce ( ! article %[s t we ought prop]ly to translate3 ,= a ,cov5ant ( a p1 = a ,light ( ,g5tiles4 ,x is ?us1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 only said t ! ,s]vant ( ,god %\ld be ! p]sonal cov5ant = a p2 b :at p t %\ld be1 _c admit ( a mom5t's d\bt4 ,to ,israel1 z su*1 ! "n ( ! p pre-em95tly belongs4 ,israel1 9 pref]5ce to all o!rs1 is call$ ,hebrew3 e,m 7comp>e ,ges5ius' ,pg #bba ,!saurus s4v4 ,hebrew3 gvi71 because x is only ! p ( ,god t is a p 9 ! full s5se1 connect$ by an int]nal unity2 ! ,g5tiles are ,hebrew3 la e,m1 non-p1 accord+ to ,deut4 xxxii4 #ba1 because !y lack ! only real tie ( unity4 ,b :at is /ill m decisive is ! m5tion ( ! ,cov5ant4 ,! cov5ant c belong to ! cov5ant-p only1 ,greek3 hn hai dia?kai1 ,rom4 ix4 #d1--! old1 no less ?an ! new "o4 ,! cov5ant ) ,abraham is an ev]la/+ cov5ant ( absolute exclusiv5ess1 ,g54 xvii4 #g4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god is call$ ! p]sonal & embodi$ ,cov5ant1 because 9 ,8 appe>ance ! cov5ant made ) ,israel is to f9d its full tru?2 & e ?+ impli$ 9 ! v idea ( a cov5ant1 all ! promises fl[+ f ?is idea1 are to be 9 ,him1 ,yea & ,am54 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god is "h call$ ! ,cov5ant ( ,israel1 j 9 ! same mann] z 9 ,mic4 v4 #d 7comp4 ,ephes4 ii4 #ad71 x is said ( ,him3 ,?is 7man7 is ,peace1 because 9 ,him1 peace1 z x 71 repres5ts itself p]sonally2--j z 9 *ap4 xlix4 #f1 ,he is call$ ! ,salvation ( ,god1 because ?is salvation becomes p]sonal 9 ,him1 ! ,savi\r1--j z 9 ,g54 xvii4 #aj1 #ac1 circumcision is call$ a cov5ant1 z be+ ! embodi$ cov5ant1--j z 9 ,luke xxii4 #bj1 ! cup1 ! blood ( ,*ri/1 is call$ ! ,new ,cov5ant1 because 9 x x has its root4 ,! explanation3 ,m$iator ( ! cov5ant1 ,greek3 dia?ks enguos1 is meagre1 & weak5s ! mean+4 ,! circum/ance t ! ,s]vant ( ,god is1 )\t f>!r qualification1 call$ ! ,cov5ant ( ! p1 %[s t ,he /&s 9 a diff]5t relation to ! cov5ant f t ( ,moses1 to :om ! "n ( ! ,m$iator ( ! cov5ant does n ! less belong ?an to ,him4 ,f ,j]4 xxxi4 #ca1 we le>n :i* are ! bless+s & gifts :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god is to be/[1 & by :i* ,he repres5ts himself z ! p]sonal ,cov5ant4 ,!y are conc5trat$ 9 ! close/ connection to be e/abli%$ by ,him betwe5 ,god & ,8 p3 ,i w be _! ,god1 & !y %all be my p4 ,x is only 9 ! ,new ,cov5ant1 describ$ 9 t passage ( ,j]emiah1 t ! ,old ,cov5ant atta9s to its tru?4 ,! second de/9ation ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 :i*1 accord+ to ! context1 "h comes into special consid]ation1 is1 to be ! ,light ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,by ! realization ( ?is de/9ation1 an important feature 9 ,pg #bbb ! =m] 01 at ! same "t1 realiz$4 ,= x =m$ "p ( ! promises ( ! cov5ant ) ,israel t1 f ! mid/ ( !m1 salvation = all ! families ( ! e>? %\ld g =?1 z our ,savi\r says3 ,greek3 h stria ek tn ,i\dain e/94 ,light is "h1 accord+ to ! common usus loqu5di ( ,scripture1 a figurative designation ( salvation4 ,9 ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 xlix4 #f1 light is at once expla9$ by salvation4 ,! designation proce$s ^u ! supposition t ! ,g5tiles1 n less ?an ,israel1 7comp4 *ap4 ix4 #a #b7 %all1 until ! appe>ance ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 sit 9 d>kness & 9 ! %ad[ ( dea?1--t !y are 9 mis]y1 al?\gh1 9 "s in/ances1 x may be a brilliant mis]y4 ,! foll[+ v]se f>!r c>ries out & decl>es :at is impli$ 9 ! promise3 ,light ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,p>allel is *ap4 lx4 #c3 ,& ! hea!n walk 9 ?y 7,zion's7 light--!y become p>tak]s ( ! salvation :i* %9es = ,zion--& k+s 9 ! brightness :i* rise? to !e4--,! support]s ( t op9ion1 :i* und]/&s ,israel by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 are 9 no small difficulty reg>d+ ?is v]se1 & _c ev5 agree z to ! means ( escape f t difficulty4 ,sev]al assume t ,hebrew3 e,m is us$ collectively1 & ref] x to ! ,g5tile nations4 ,b oppos$ to ?is explanation is ! evid5t anti!sis ( ,hebrew3 e,m & ,hebrew3 gvi,m2 & x is entirely ov]?r[n by ! p>allel passage 9 *ap4 xlix4 ,scripture kn[s no?+ ( a cov5ant ) ! ,g5tiles4 ,accord+ to ! view ( ! ,old1 z well z ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! ,g5tiles are receiv$ into ! communion ( ! cov5ant ) ,israel4 ,o!rs 7,hitzig1 ,ewald7 expla93 cov5ant-p1 i4e41 a m$iatorial1 connect+ p1 a bond ( union betwe5 ,god & ! nations4 ,b ! passage1 *ap4 xlix4 #h1 is mo/ decid$ly oppos$ to ?is4 ,f>!r--,! p>allelism ) ,hebrew3 avr gvi,m %[s t ,hebrew3 brit e,m is ! /atus con/ructus4 ,b foedus alicujus1 is1 accord+ to ! rem>k ( ,ges5ius1 foedus cum aliquo sancitum4 ,?us 9 ,lev4 xxvi4 #de1 ! cov5ant ( ! ance/ors is ! cov5ant ent]$ into ) ! ance/ors2 ,deut4 iv4 #ca2 ,lev4 xxvi4 #db 7! cov5ant ( ,jacob1 ! cov5ant ( ,isaac1 c47 ,accord+ to ,knobel3 ! true !ocrats are to become a cov5ant ( ! p1 ! re/or]s ( ! ,israeliti% ,!ocracy1 !y !mselves hav+ connection & unity by fai?fully hold+ fa/ by ,jehovah1 & by repres5t+ ,8 cause4 ,?is explanation1 ,pg #bbc also1 is oppos$ to ! usus loqu5di1 accord+ to :i* cov5ant ( ! p c h ! s5se only ( cov5ant ) ! p1 n a cov5ant among ! p4 ,&1 f>!r1 ! p>allel passage 9 *ap4 xlix4 #h is oppos$ to ?is int]pretation also1 inasmu* z1 9 t passage1 ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l is call$ ,hebrew3 brit e,m1 n on acc\nt ( :at ,he is 9 himself1 b on acc\nt ( ! influ5ce :i* ,he ex]cises ^u o!rs1 ^u ! :ole ( ! p3 ,t ?\ maye/ raise up ! l&1 di/ribute desolate h]itages1 t ?\ maye/ say to ! prison]s3 ,g =?1 c4 ,9 t passage ! l&1 ! desolate h]itages1 ! prison]s1 c41 evid5tly correspond to ! p4 ,f9ally--,a cov5ant is a relation betwe5 two p>ties /&+ opposite "o ano!r4 ,! ^w is us$1 says ,ges5ius1 ( a cov5ant =m$ betwe5 nations1 betwe5 private p]sons1 e4g41 ,david & ,jona?an1 betwe5 ,jehovah & ! p ( ,israel4 ,b "h no p>ties are m5tion$ to be unit$ by ! cov5ant4 ,v]4 #g4 ,t ?\ maye/ op5 bl9d eyes1 br+ out !m t are b\nd f ! prison1 & f ! h\se ( conf9em5t !m t sit 9 d>kness4 ,on acc\nt ( ! connection ) ! = ! ,light ( ! ,g5tiles1 :i* w\ld /& too mu* isolat$1 if1 9 ! words imm$iately foll[+1 ,israel alone 7 aga9 ! subject ( disc\rse1 ! activity ( ,god "h m5tion$ ref]s1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to ! ,g5tiles2 & ! words3 !m t sit 9 d>kness1 moreov]1 evid5tly po9t back to = ! ,light ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,b f *ap4 xlix4 #i1 & also f v]4 #af ( ! *apt] be=e u1 :]e ! bl9dness ( ,israel is m5tion$1 x appe>s t ,israel too mu/ n be exclud$4 ,h5ce1 we %all say3 ,x is "h m p>ticul>ly describ$ h[ ! ,s]vant ( ,god proves himself z ! ,cov5ant ( ! p & ! ,light ( ! ,g5tiles1 h[ ,he puts an end to ! mis]y "u :i* bo? equally groan4 ,x w be bett] to und]/& bl9dness1 9 connection ) imprisonm5t1 sitt+ 9 d>kness1 z a designation ( ! ne$ ( salvation1 ?an z a designation ( spiritual bl9dness1 ( ! want ( ! light ( k4 ,t is also sugge/$ by ! prec$+3 = ! ,light ( ! ,g5tiles1 :i*1 accord+ to ! common usus loqu5di1 & accord+ to *ap4 ix4 #a 7#b7 is n to be ref]r$ to ! spiritual illum9ation especially1 ,pg #bbd b to ! be/[al ( salvation4 ,to ?is view we are likewise l$ by a comp>ison ( v]4 #af3 ,& ,i w lead ! bl9d by a way t !y knew n1 ,i w lead !m 9 pa?s t !y h n kn[n1 ,i w *ange ! d>kness be=e !m into light1 ! crook$ ?+s into /raightness4 ,! bl9d 9 ?is v]se are ^? :o d n "k :at to d1 & h[ to help !mselves1 ^? :o _c f9d ! way ( salvation1 ! mis]able2 !y are to be l$ by ! ,"l on ! ways ( salvation1 :i* are unkn[n to !m4 ,9 a simil> s5se & connection1 ! bl9d are1 else:]e also1 spok5 (1 comp4 ,rem>ks on ,ps4 cxlv4 #h4--,on ! words3 ,br+ out !m t are b\nd f ! prison1 ,knobel rem>ks3 ,! citiz5s ( ,judah 71 to a great ext5t1 imprison$2 ! ,prophet hopes = _! deliv]ance by ! !ocratic portion ( ! p4 ,a /range hope6 ,by ?is co>sely lit]al int]pretation1 ! connection ) = ! ,light ( ! ,g5tiles is brok5 up2 & ?is is ! less admissible t ! words at ! close ( ! v]se3 ^? t sit 9 d>kness1 s cle>ly ref] to x4 ,imprisonm5t is a figurative designation ( ! mis]able condition1 n less ?an1 ! d>kness1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! light contra/$ ) x1 & on acc\nt ( *ap4 ix4 #a 7#b71 _c be und]/ood o!rwise ?an figuratively4 ,"u ! image ( m5 b\nd 9 d>k prisons1 ! mis]able & afflict$ appe> also 9 ,ps4 cvii4 #aj-af2 ,job xxxvi4 #h1 :]e ! words1 b\nd 9 fett]s1 are expla9$ by ! p>allel hold5 9 ! cords ( mis]y4 ,:5 ,david1 9 ,ps4 cxlii4 #h1 prays3 ,br+ my s\l out ( ! prison1 he himself expla9s ?is 9 ,ps4 cxliii4 #aa by ! p>allel3 ,?\ wilt br+ my s\l out ( tr\ble2 comp4 also ,ps4 xxv4 #ag3 ,o br+ ?\ me out ( my di/resses4 ,if we "h und]/& ! prison lit]ally1 we might1 ) ! same propriety 9 o!r passages1 also1 e4g41 9 ,ps4 lxvi4 #aa1 und]/& lit]ally ! net1 ! sn>e1 ! trap4 ,v]4 #h3 ,i ! ,"l1 t is my "n1 & my hon\r ,i w n give to ano!r1 nor my glory to idols4 ,v]4 #i4 ,! =m] 7?+s71 behold1 !y came to pass1 & new 7?+s7 d ,i decl>e2 be=e !y spr+ =?1 ,i cause y to he>4 ,we h "h ! solemn close & exhortation4 ,at ! close ( *ap4 xli4 x _h be5 po9t$ out1 h[ ! pr$iction ( ! ,conqu]or f ! ,ea/ s]ves = ! glory ( ,jehovah1 ,pg #bbe :o !reby proves himself to be ! only true ,god4 ,"h ! zeal ( ,god = ,8 glory is indicat$ z ! reason :i* has br\ght =? ! pr$iction ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god & ,8 glori\s "w1--a pr$iction :i* _c be acc\nt$ = f natural causes4 ,x is ?us ! object ( ! prophecy :i* is "h1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 /at$4 ,x is int5d$ to manife/ ! true ,god z su*1 z a ,god :o is zeal\sly b5t on ,8 glory4 ,b ! same attribute ( ,god :i* call$ =? ! prophecy1 calls =? also ! ev5ts prophesi$1 viz41 ! appe>ance ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 & ! victory ov] ! idols accompli%$ !reby1 ! br++ =? ( ! law ( ,god ov] ! :ole e>? ?r\gh ,him1 & ! full realization ( ! cov5ant ) ,israel4 ,! ?\ght is ?is3--t a ,god :o does n manife/ & prove himself z su*1 :o is cont5t$ ) ! hon\r grant$ to ,him )\t ,8 int]f]5ce1 _c be a ,god2 t ! true ,god mu/ ( necessity be fill$ ) ! desire ( absolute1 exclusive dom9ion1 & _c b manife/ & prove ?is desire4 ,f ?is ?\ght1 ! prophecy & t :i* x promises fl[ ) a l necessity4--,accord+ to ,/i]1 ,hebrew3 rawnvt1 ! =m] 7?+s7 means ! r$emption ( ! exil$ by ,cyrus1 :i* 9 *aps4 xli4 xlviii4 =ms ! hi/orico-typical =egr\nd1 ^: com+ is "h anticipat$ by ! ,prophet4 ,b ! p>allel passages1 *aps4 xli4 #bb1 xliii4 #i1 xlviii4 #c1 are conclusive aga9/ ?is view2 =1 accord+ to ^! passages1 x is only ! =m] already fulfill$ pr$ictions ( ! ,prophet & 8 colleagues1 f ! beg9n+s ( ! p1 :i* c be designat$ by ! =m] 7?+s74 ,by ! new 7?+s7 !re=e1 is to be und]/ood ! aggregate ( ! ev5ts :i* are pr$ict$ 9 ! second "p1 to :i* belongs ! prophecy ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god :i* imm$iately prec$es1 & :i* ! ,prophet has "h z pre-em95tly 9 view 7,mi*aelis3 et nova1 imprimis de ,messia71 z1 9 ! p>allel passage *ap4 xli4 #bb1 ! ann\ncem5t ( ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/4 ,bo? ( ^! v]ses seem to r\nd (f our prophecy1 by indicat+ t su* disclosures reg>d+ ! ,future are n by any means int5d$ to s]ve = ! gratification ( idle curiosity1 b to advance ! same object to :i* ! ev5ts prophesi$ are also subs]vi5t1 viz41 ! promotion ( ,god's glory4 ,! ,pg #bbf mod]n view ( ,prophetism is irreconcileable ) ! v]ses "u consid]ation1 :i* evid5tly %ew1 t ! prophets !mselves 7 fill$ ) a diff]5t consci\sness ( _! mission & position ,& 9 l mann] x foll[s f !m1 t !re is no reason to put1 by means ( a =c$ int]pretation1 ! prophecy )9 ! horizon ( ! ,prophet's "t1 see+ t ! ,prophet himself %[s himself to be ?or\ghly p5etrat$ by its altoge!r sup]natural "*4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is emb>rassm5t becomes /ill m obvi\s 9 ! explanation ( ,vatke1 :o und]/&s by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! h>mless ideal ab/ract ( ! p2 & t ( ,beck1 :o und]/&s !reby ! notion ( ! p4 ,footnote #b3 ,! ,hebrew ^w is ,hebrew3 mwp,t1 :i* means judgm5t1 "r1 law4 ,dr4 ,h5g/5b]g has translat$ x by ,re*t1 :i* is1 z ne>ly z possible1 express$ by ! ,engli% ^w "r1 7jus17 z includ+ law & /atutes4--,tr4 ,,*apt] ,,xlix4 #a-i4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ) ^: p]son ! ,prophet _h4 by way ( prep>ation1 already made u acqua9t$ 9 ! fir/ book ( ! second "p1 9 *ap4 xlii41 is "h1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! second book1 at once introduc$ z speak+1 surpris+1 z x 71 ! read]s4 ,9 v]4 #a-c1 we h ! de/9ation & high call+ :i* ! ,"l assign$ to ,8 ,s]vant2 9 v]4 #d1 ! contra/ & contradiction ( ! result ( ?is mission2 ! cov5ant-p1 to :om x is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 direct$1 rew>d ) +ratitude ,8 fai?ful "w4 ,9 v]4 #e & #f1 we are told :at ,god does 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! dignity ( ,8 ,s]vant2 z a comp5sation = ob/9ate1 rebelli\s ,israel1 ,he gives ,him ! ,g5tiles = an inh]itance4 ,f v]4 #g ! ,prophet takes ! ^w4 ,9 v]4 #g ! orig9al contempt :i*1 accord+ to ! prec$+ v]ses1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god meets )1 especially 9 ,israel1 is contra/$ ) ! respectful wor%ip ( nations & k+s :i* is to foll[ aft] x4 ,v]4 #h & #i describe h[ ! ,s]vant ( ,god proves himself to be ! embodi$ cov5ant ( ! p1 & =m ! transition to a g5]al description ( ! enjoym5t ( salvation1 :i*1 9 ! ,messianic times1 %all be be/[$ ^u ! ,congregation ( ! ,"l4 ,?is description goes on to *ap4 l4 #c1 & !n1 9 *ap4 l4 #d ff41 ! p]son ( ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l is anew br\ght be=e u4 ,! ,messianic explanation ( our passage is already met ) 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is ) ref]5ce to x t ,pg #bbg ,simeon1 9 ,luke ii4 #cj1 #ca1 designates ! ,savi\r z ! ,greek3 strion ( ,god1 :i* ,he _h prep>$ be=e ! face ( all p 7comp4 v]4 #f ( our passage3 ,t ?\ maye/ be my salvation unto ! end ( ! e>?71 z ! ,greek3 phs eis apokalups9 e?nn kai doxan la\ s\ ,isral2 comp4 aga9 v]4 #f1 accord+ to :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god is to be at ! same "t1 ! light ( ! ,g5tiles1 to raise up ! tribes ( ,jacob1 & to re/ore ! pres]v$ ( ,israel4 ,v]4 #a3 ,! ,"l ha? call$ me f ! womb1 f ! b[els ( my "m ha? ,he made m5tion ( my "n1 is allud$ to 9 ,luke ii4 #ba3 ,greek3 ,kai ekl? to onoma aut\ ,is\s1 to kl!n hupo t\ angel\ pro t\ sullph?nai auton en t koilia 7comp4 i4 #ca3 ,greek3 sullps en ga/ri kai tex huion kai kaleseis to onoma aut\ ,is\n7 z is suffici5tly evid5t f ,greek3 en t koilia sc4 matris1 :i* exactly answ]s to ! ,hebrew3 mb,t,n 9 ! passage be=e u4 ,9 ,acts xiii4 #df1 #dg1 ,paul & ,b>nabas prove1 f ! passage "u review1 ! de/9ation ( ,*ri/ to be ! ,savi\r ( ! ,g5tiles1 & _! "r to (f] to !m ! salvation despis$ & reject$ by ! ,jews3 ,greek3 id\ /rephome?a eis ta e?n4 h\t g> entetaltai hm9 ho ,kurios4 te!ika se eis phs e?nn t\ e9ai se eis strian hes es*at\ ts gs4 ,9 ! de/9ation :i*1 9 ,isaiah1 ! ,"l assigns to ,*ri/1 ,paul & ,b>nabas recognize an indirect comm& = 8 disciples1 a rule = _! conduct4 ,9 #b ,cor4 vi4 #a1 #b1 v]4 #h is quot$1 & ref]r$ to ! ,messianic "t4 ,x is obvi\s t ! ,jews c\ld n be fav\rable to ! ,messianic int]pretation2 b ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has held fa/ by x = ne>ly #ahjj ye>s4 ,ev5 su* int]pret]s z ,!odoret & ,cl]icus1 :o are ev]y:]e r dispos$ to expla9 away real ,messianic ref]5ces1 ?an to f9d ! ,messiah :]e ,he is n pres5t$1 consid] ! ,messianic int]pretation to be1 9 ?is place1 beyond all d\bt4 ,! =m] says3 ,?is 0 said ) a view to ! ,"l ,*ri/1 :o is ! se$ ( ,abraham1 ?r\gh :om ! nations receiv$ ! promise4 ,& :51 9 our c5tury1 m5 return$ to ! fai?1 ! ,messianic int]pretation also return$4 ,if ! ,*ur* has ,*ri/ at all1 x is impossible t %e %\ld fail to f9d ,him "h4 ,ges5ius1 & ^? :o h foll[$ him1 appeal to ! circum/ance1 t ! ,messiah c\ld n well be introduc$ z speak+1 &1 lea/ ( all1 9 su* a mann]1 )\t any introduction ,pg #bbh & prep>ation4 ,b x is difficult to see h[ ?is argum5t c be advanc$ by ^? :o !mselves assume t a m]e p]sonification1 ! collective body ( ! prophets1 or1 z ,beck expresses x1 ! ,prophet ,greek3 kat'exo*n z a g5]al sub/antial individual1 or ev5 ! p1 c be introduc$ z speak+4 ,! introduction ( p]sons is a necess>y result ( ! dramatic "* ( prophetic ,spee*1 comp41 e4g41 *ap4 xiv41 :]e n[ ! k+ ( ,babylon1 !n ! inhabitants ( ! ,%eol1 & aga9 ,jehovah1 are introduc$ z speak+4 ,! p]son :o is "h introduc$ z speak+ is already kn[n f *ap4 xlii41 :]e he is spok5 (4 ,! prophecy be=e u /&s to t prophecy 9 ! v same relation z does ,ps4 ii4 #g-i1 :]e ! ,ano9t$ ,"o sudd5ly appe>s z speak+1 to ! prec$+ v]ses1 :]e ,he 0 spok5 ( ,! ,messiah is "h s di/9ctly describ$1 z to ,8 nature & "*1 t x is impossible n to recognise ,him4 ,:o b ,he %\ld be ! ,cov5ant ( ! p1 ! ,light ( ! ,g5tiles1 ! ,savi\r = all ! ends ( ! e>?8 ,! po9t :i* 0 "h conc]n$ 0 n1 fir/ to introduce ,him to ! k ( ! p4 ,8 image exi/$ !re already 9 %>p outl9es1 ev5 f & s9ce ,g54 xlix4 #aj1 :]e ! ,peaceful ,"o meets u1 9 :om ,judah atta9s to ! full height ( 8 de/9ation1 & to :om ! p adh]e4 ,! circum/ance t x is j "h t ! ,messiah appe>s z speak+1 =ms ! mo/ appropriate introduction to ! second book1 9 :i* ,he is ! pr9cipal figure4--,x is by a false lit]al int]pretation only t v]4 #h1 #i h be5 advanc$ 9 opposition to ! ,messianic int]pretation4 ,! arbitr>9ess ( ! non-,messianic int]pretation manife/s itself 9 ?is also1 t its support]s c1 up to ?is day1 n agree z to ! subject ( ! prophecy4 #a4 ,accord+ to sev]al int]pret]s--,hitzig1 la/ ( all--! ,s]vant ( ,god is to be ,israel1 & ! idea ?is1 t ,israel w\ld1 at "s future p]iod1 be ! tea*] ( ! ,g5tiles1 & w\ld spread ! true religion on e>?4 ,x is app>5tly only t ?is int]pretation receives "s c\nt5ance f v]4 #c1 :]e ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l is call$ ,israel4 ,= ?is "n does n !re /& z an ord9>y nom5 proprium1 b z an honor>y "n1 to designate ! high dignity & de/9ation ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,z ?is "n _h pass$ ov] f ,pg #bbi an individual to a p1 s x may aga9 be transf]r$ f ! p to t p]son 9 :om ! p atta9 _! de/9ation1 9 :i*1 up to t "t1 !y _h fail$ ,b decisive aga9/ ?is explanation1 :i* makes ! :ole p ! subject1 is v]4 #e1 accord+ to :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god is de/9$ to lead back to ! ,"l1 ,jacob & ,israel 79 ! ord9>y s5se71 :o !n mu/ be diff]5t f ,him2 v]4 #f1 accord+ to :i* ,he is to raise up ! tribes ( ,jacob2 v]4 #h1 #i1 accord+ to :i* ,he is to be ! ,cov5ant ( ! p1 to deliv] ! prison]s1 c4 7,knobel rem>ks on ?is v]se3 ,no?+ is cle>] ?an t ! ,s]vant ( ,god is n id5tical ) ! mass ( ! p1 b is some?+ diff]5t47 ,suppos+ ev5 t ! p1 de/9$ to be ! tea*]s ( ! ,g5tiles1 appe> "h z speak+1 x is difficult to see h[1 9 v]4 #d1 !y c\ld say t hi!rto !y _h lab\r$ 9 va9 9 _! vocation1 & se5 no fruits1 s9ce hi!rto ! p _h made no attempt at all at ! conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles4 #b4 ,maur]1 ,knobel1 & o!rs1 endeav\r to expla9 x ( ! bett] portion ( ! p4 ,b conclusive aga9/ ?is int]pretation is v]4 #f1 accord+ to :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god has ! de/9ation ( re/or+ ! pres]v$ ( ,israel1 & h5ce mu/ be di/9ct f ! bett] portion2 v]4 #h1 accord+ to :i* ,he is giv5 = a ,cov5ant ( ! p1 f :i*1 accord+ to v]4 #d & #f1 ! ungodly are exclud$2 s t ! idea ( ! p is id5tical ) t ( ! bett] portion4 ,9 g5]al1 ! contra/+ ( ! bett] portion ( ! p ) ! :ole p1 ,jacob & ,israel1 ! c5tre & sub/ance ( :i* 0 =m$ j by ! ,greek3 eklog1 c sc>cely be ?\ght (1 & is )\t any analogy4 ,nor is ! m5tion ( ! womb4 & b[els ( ! "m1 9 v]4 #a1 reconcileable ) a m]ely imag9>y p]son1 & t1 moreov]1 a p]son ( a "* s indi/9ct & indef9ite1--a "* :i* has no def9ite & palpable hi/orical beg9n+s4 ,! p>allel passages1 9 :i* ! call+ f ! womb is m5tion$1 treat ( real p]sons1 ( individuals4--#c4 ,accord+ to sev]al int]pret]s 7,j>*i1 ,kim*i1 ,ab5ezra1 ,grotius1 ,/eudel1 ,umbreit1 ,h(mann71 ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l is to be none o!r ?an ! ,prophet himself4 ,no argum5t has be5 adduc$ 9 fav\r ( ?is view1 except ! use ( ! fir/ p]son1 7,if "h1 )\t introduction & prep>ation1 a disc\rse beg9s ) ! fir/ ,pg #bcj p]son1 x ref]s mo/ naturally to ! ,prophet1 :o is ! au?or ( ! ,book71--an argum5t ( v subord9ate significance1 & ! m s t ! p]son ( ! ,prophet1 ev]y:]e else 9 ! second "p ( ,isaiah1 /eps s entirely into ! backgr\nd beh9d ! great objects ) :i* he is engag$4 ,to foll[ ?us ! fir/ appe>ance may1 inde$1 be becom+ to a eunu* f ,e?iopia1 b n a ,*ri/ian exp\nd] ( ,scripture4 ,! cont5ts ( ! prophecy are decid$ly 9 opposition to ?is op9ion4 ,ev5 ! circum/ance t a s+le prophet %\ld assume ! "n ( ,israel1 v]4 #c1 appe>s an intol]able usurpation4 ,f>!r-- ,l all ! o!r prophets1 ,isaiah 0 s5t to ! ,jews1 & n to ! ,g5tiles2 b at ! v outset1 ! mo/ di/ant l&s & all ! di/ant nations are "h call$ ^u to he>k54 ,! ,"l says to ,8 ,s]vant t ! re/oration ( ,israel 0 too little = ,him1 t ,he %\ld be a light & salvation = all ! hea!n nations f "o end ( ! e>? to ! o!r2 k+s & ,pr9ces %all fall d[n be=e ,him1 ador+ & wor%ipp+4 ,! ,prophet w\ld ?us simply h rais$ himself to be ! ,savi\r4 ,umbreit expressly ackn[l$ges ?is3 ,he is to be ! holy pill> ( cl\ds & fire :i* leads ! p back to _! native l&1 aft] ! "t ( _! puni%m5t has expir$4 ,b a /ill m glori\s vocation & de/9ation is 9 /ore = ! prophets2 !y receive ! highe/1 ! ,messianic de/9ation4 ,! usurpation ( :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god w\ld h made himself guilty1 appe>s s mu* ! m cle>ly1 :5 x is kn[n1 t ! "w ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god compreh5ds ev5 all t also1 :i* is describ$ 9 v]4 #aj-bc1 viz41 ! blossom+ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 h] enl>gem5t by ! ,g5tiles1 c4 ,x is obvi\s t1 if ! int]pretation :i* ref]s ?is pr$iction to ! prophets 7 ! correct "o1 ! au?ority ( ! ,old ,te/am5t prophecy w\ld be gone2 ! au?ority ( ! ,"l himself w\ld be endang]$1 inasmu* z ,he always recognizes1 9 ^! prophets1 organs ( div9e inspiration & p[]4 ,a va9 attempt is made at mitigat+ ?is usurpation1 by imp]ceptibly sub/itut+ ! collective body ( ! prophets = ! s+le prophet4 ,?is view ?us leads to1 & int]f]es ) ano!r :i* we %all imm$iately exam9e4 ,b if we w\ld n give up ! sole argum5t by :i* ?is ,pg #bca exposition is support$1 viz41 ! use ( ! fir/ p]son1 ev]y?+ mu/1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 apply to & be fulfill$ 9 ,isaiah2 & ! o!r prophets c come into consid]ation only z cont9uators ( 8 "w & m9i/ry4 ,he is entitl$ to use ! fir/ p]son 9 t case only1 :5 he is a p]fect manife/ation ( prophetism4--#d4 ,accord+ to ,ges5ius1 ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l is to be ! collective body ( ! prophets1 ! prophetic ord]4 ,9 opposition to ?is view1 ,/i] rem>ks3 ,we ma9ta9 t1 accord+ to hi/ory1 !re did n at t "t 7! "t ( ! exile1 9 :i* ,ges5ius places ?is prophecy7 exi/ any prophetic ord]1 or any di/+ui%$ blossom ( x2 t h5ce x 0 impossible = any reasonable man to ent]ta9 ?is hope1 :5 view$ 9 ?is way1 )\t look+ f>!r & high]4 ,v]4 #a is decisive aga9/ a m]e p]sonification4 ,! "n ( ,israel1 too1 9 v]4 #c1 is v little applicable to ! :ole prophetic ord]4 ,?is is suffici5tly evid5t f ! fact t ,ges5ius1 9 8 ,comm5t>y1 decl>$ ?is ^w to be spuri\s2 & x 0 at a lat] p]iod only1 :5 he _h become bold]1 t he endeav\r$ to adapt x to 8 self- *os5 subject4 ,n[h]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t d ! prophets appe> l ! ,s]vant ( ,god "h--z ! ,cov5ant ( ! p1 v]4 #h1 z ! ,light ( ! ,g5tiles1 v]4 #f4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,v]4 #a4 ,li/51 ,o isles1 unto me1 & he>k5 ye p f f>2 ! ,"l ha? call$ me f ! womb1 f ! b[els ( my "m ha? ,he made m5tion ( my "n4 ,z ! /&-po9t :i* ! ,messiah occupies 9 ! vision ( ! ,prophet1 we h to conceive ( ! "t1 at :i* ,he _h already ent]$ ^u ,8 (fice1 & _h already exp]i5c$ _m pro(s ( ! ,jews'unbelief & h>dness ( he>t1--an ev5t ( ! ,future1 ! =esight ( :i* 01 ev5 9 a human po9t ( view1 v readily sugge/$ to ! ,prophet aft] ! pa9ful exp]i5ce acquir$ dur+ 8 own long m9i/ry2 comp4 *ap4 vi4 ,= ! fruitlessness ( ,8 m9i/ry among ! mass ( ! cov5ant-p1 v]4 #d1 z well z ! great contempt :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god f\nd among !m1 v]4 #g1 are repres5t$ z hav+ already tak5 place2 ,pg #bcb :ile ! enlight5m5t ( ! ,g5tiles1 ! wor%ip ( ! k+s1 c1 :i* are to be expect$ by ,him1 are repres5t$ z be+ /ill future4 ,9 ! same mann]1 9 *ap4 liii41 ! humiliation ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god appe>s z pa/2 ! glorification1 z future1 ! reason :y ! isles are address$ 7comp4 rem>ks on *ap4 xlii4 #d7 appe>s 9 v]4 #f only1 at ! close ( ! disc\rse ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 = all t prec$es s]ves z a prep>ation4 ,9 t v]se1 ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l ann\nces t ! ,"l _h appo9t$ ,him to be ! ,light ( ! ,g5tiles2 t ,he %\ld be ,8 salvation unto ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,x is v significant t ! second book at once beg9s ) an address to ! ,g5tiles1 inasmu* u1 ?us1 we are "h introduc$ into ! sph]e ( a r$emption :i* does n ref] to a s+le nation1 l t ) :i* ! fir/ book is engag$1 b to ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,at ! close ( ! fir/ book1 9 *ap4 xlviii4 #bj1 x 0 said3 ,decl>e ye1 tell ?is1 utt] x ev5 to ! end ( ! e>?1 say ye3 ,! ,"l ha? r$eem$ 8 s]vant ,jacob4 ,! fact t ! r$emption1 9 ! fir/ in/ance peculi> to ,jacob1 is to be proclaim$ to all ! nations ( ! e>?1 leads u to expect t ^! nations1 too1 h _! portion 9 ! ,"l2 t at "s future p]iod !y are to he> a message :i* conc]ns !m /ill m p>ticul>ly4 ,?is expectation is realiz$ "h1 at ! op5+ ( ! second book4 ,! fact t ! ,g5tiles are to li/5 "h1 z ^? :o h a p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! message1 is prov$ by ! circum/ance1 t ! words3 ,unto ! ends ( ! e>?1 9 v]4 #f ( ! *apt] be=e u1 po9t back to ! same words 9 *ap4 xlviii4 #bj4--,! ,"l _h call$ me f ! womb4 ,x is suffici5t to g ?us f> back 9 ord] to repress or refute ! idea ( ,8 hav+ himself usurp$ ,8 (fice1 & to furni% a f\ndation = ! expectation t ,god w\ld p[]fully uphold & protect ,8 ,s]vant 9 ! (fice :i* ,he himself _h assign$ to ,him4 ,calv9 rem>ks on ^! words3 ,!y d n indicate ! comm5cem5t ( ! "t ( ,8 vocation1 z if ,god _h1 only f ! womb1 call$ ,him2 b x is j z if x 7 said3 ,be=e ,i came =? f ! womb1 ,god _h decre$ t ,i 0 to und]take ?is (fice4 ,9 ! same mann] ,paul also says t he _h be5 sep>at$ f 8 "m's womb1 al?\gh he 0 *os5 be=e ,pg #bcc ! f\ndation ( ! _w4 ,to be call$ f ! womb is1 9 itself1 no?+ extraord9>y2 x is common to all ! s]vants ( ! ,"l4 ,j]emiah ascribes x to himself 9 *ap4 i4 #e3 ,be=e ,i =m$ !e 9 ! belly1 ,i knew !e2 & be=e ?\ came/ =? out ( ! womb ,i sanctifi$ !e2 & 9 h>mony ) ?is passage 9 ,j]emiah--n ) t be=e u--,paul says 9 ,gal4 i4 #ae3 ,greek3 ho !os ho aphorisas 7correspond+ to3 ,i h sanctifi$ !e7 ,greek3 me ek koilias mtros m\4 ,b we h "h m]ely ! introduction to :at foll[s1 :]e ! call+1 to :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god _h be5 de/9$ f ! womb appe>s z q unique4--,f ! b[els ( my "m ha? ,he made m5tion ( my "n4 ,! "n is "h n an ord9>y prop] "n1 b a "n descriptive ( ! nature1--"o by :i* ,8 (fice & vocation are designat$4 ,?is mak+ m5tion 01 9 ! case ( ,*ri/1 n a ?+ conceal$2 ! prophecy be=e u receiv$ its palpable confirmation & fulfilm5t2 inasmu* z1 9 ref]5ce to x1 ,joseph receiv$1 ev5 be=e ,8 bir?1 ! comm& to call ,him ,jesus1 ,savi\r3 ,greek3 texetai de huion kai kaleseis to onoma aut\ ,is\n4 autos g> ssei ton laon aut\ apo tn ham>tin autn1 ,mat?4 i4 #ba1 aft] ! same comm& _h previ\sly come to ,m>y1 ,luke i4 #ca2 comp4 ii4 #ba1 :]e1 z we h already rem>k$1 !re is a di/9ct ref]5ce to ! passage be=e u4 ,v]4 #b4 ,& ,he ha? made my m\? l a %>p sword1 9 ! %ad[ ( ,8 h& ha? ,he hid me1 & ,he ha? made me a %>p5$ arr[1 9 ,8 quiv] ha? ,he hid me4 ,accord+ to ! common int]pretation1 ! words3 ,he ha? made my m\? l a %>p sword4 ,he ha? made me a %>p5$ arr[1 are to express only su* a gift ( p[]ful1 impressive spee* z is common to all ! s]vants ( ,god1 to all ! prophets4 ,b ! two subjo9$ clauses are oppos$ to t int]pretation4 ,! second & f\r? clauses /ate ! reason ( ! fir/ & ?ird1 & po9t to ! s\rce f :i* t emanates :i* is /at$ 9 !m4 ,!re _c be any d\bt b t 9 ! second & f\r? clauses1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god indicates t ,he /&s "u ! protection ( div9e omnipot5ce1 s t ! expression3 ,:om ,i uphold1 9 *ap4 xlii4 #a1 is p>allel4 ,! %ad[ is ! ord9>y figure ( protection4 ,! figure ( ! sword is dropp$ 9 ! second clause1 & h5ce ! objection1 t a drawn sword does n require any protection1 is out ( place4 ,?is w ,pg #bcd appe> f a comp>ison ( *ap4 li4 #af3 ,& ,i put my words 9 ?y m\?1 & ,i cov] !e ) ! %ad[ ( m9e h&1 :]e ! sword is n m5tion$ at all1 & ! %ad[ belongs simply to ! p]son4 ,! quiv] :i* keeps ! arr[ is likewise a natural image ( div9e protection4 ,! two accessory clauses d n suit1 if ! fir/ & ?ird clauses are ref]r$ to ! rhetorical end[m5t ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god2 t does n fl[ f ! s\rce ( ! protect+ omnipot5ce ( ,god4 ,^! accessory clauses r sugge/ ! idea t1 by ! comp>ison ( ! m\? ) ! %>p sword1 ( ! :ole p]son ) ! %>p5$ arr[1 !re is indicat$ ! absolutely conqu]+ p[] :i*1 "u ! protection ( omnipot5ce1 adh]es to ! ^w & p]son ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 s t ,he w easily put d[n ev]y?+ :i* opposes1--equival5t to3 ,he has end[$ me ) ,8 omnipot5ce1 s t my ^w produces de/ructive effects1 & puts d[n all opposition1 j z does ,8 ^w2 s t !re w\ld be a p>allel 9 *ap4 xi4 #d1 :]e ! ^w ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god likewise appe>s z be+ borne by omnipot5ce3 ,he smite? ! e>? ) ! rod ( ,8 m\?1 & ) ! brea? ( ,8 lips ,he slaye? ! wick$4 ,to ! same result we are l$ also by a comp>ison ( *ap4 li4 #af1 :]e ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 :i* is put into ! m\? ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 is s liv+ & p[]ful1 s borne by omnipot5ce1 t !reby ! heav5s are plant$1 & ! f\ndations ( ! e>? are laid4 ,b ( special importance are ^? passages ( ,revelation :i* ref] to ! v]se "u consid]ation4 ,9 *ap4 i4 #af1 ! %>p two-edg$ sword does n by any means repres5t ! p[] ( ! disc\rse pi]c+ ! he>t = salvation2 b r ! de/ructive p[] ( ! ^w :i* is borne by omnipot5ce4 ,x designates ! almighty punitive p[] ( ,*ri/ direct$ aga9/ 8 enemies4 ,by ! circum/ance1 t ! sword goes out ( ! m\? ( ,*ri/1 t de/ructive p[] is attribut$ to ,8 m]e ^w1 ,he appe>s z p>tak+ ( div9e omnipot5ce4 ,= x belongs to ,god to slay by ! words ( ,8 m\?1 ,hos4 vi4 #e4 ,! same applies to *ap4 ii4 #af4 ,on ,rev4 xix4 #ae3 ,& out ( 8 m\? goe? a %>p sword1 t ) x ,he %\ld smite ! nations1 we rem>k$3 ! %>p sword is n t ( a tea*+ k+1 ,pg #bce b t ( omnipot5ce :i* speaks & x is done1 & slaye? by ! brea? ( ! lips4 ,h[ ,*ri/ ca/s d[n ,8 enemies by ! ^w ( ,8 m\? is se51 9 a prophetical in/ance1 ,john xviii4 #f2 ,acts ix4 #d1 #e4 ,) ! sword1 ,*ri/ appe>s ev5 :]e ,he does n mean to de/roy1 b to br+ salvation2 =1 ev5 9 ^? :o are to be bless$1 ho/ile p[]s are to be ov]come4 ,! image1 h[ev]1 is "h1 9 ! fundam5tal passage1 occasion$ by ! comp>ison ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god ) ! conqu]or f ! ,ea/1 ^: sword1 accord+ to *ap4 xli4 #b1 ! ,"l makes z du/1 & 8 b[ z ! driv5 /ubble4 ,:]e ! m]e ^w s]ves z a sword1 ! effect mu/ be mu* m p[]ful4 ,! conqu]+ p[] ?r[+ d[n e oppos+ p[]1 :i*1 9 ! fir/ clause1 is assign$ to ! m\?1 is1 9 ! ?ird clause 7,& ,he ha? made me a %>p5$ arr[71 attribut$ to ! :ole p]son4 ,he1 ( :om x 0 already said 9 ,ps4 xlv4 #f3 ,?9e arr[s are %>p1 p fall "u !e1 !y ent] into ! he>t ( ! k+'s enemies1 is himself to be e/eem$ z a %>p arr[4 ,v]4 #c4 ,& ,he said unto me3 ,?\ art my ,s]vant1 ,o ,israel1 9 :om ,i glorify myself4 ,my ,s]vant /&s "h z an honor>y designation2 to be ! ,s]vant ( ,god appe>s "h z ! highe/ privilege1 z is evid5t n only f ! analogy ( ! p>allel passages1 :i* treat ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god 7comp4 rem>ks on *ap4 xlii4 #a71 b also f ! p>allel second clause4 ,9 x1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god is call$ ,israel z ! conc5tration & consummation ( ! cov5ant-p1 z ,he 9 :om x is to atta9 to its de/9ation1 9 :om its idea is to be realiz$4 7,x is evid5t f v]4 #e1 & f ^? passages 9 ! second "p 9 :i* ! p ( ,israel is spok5 ( z ! ,s]vant ( ,god comp4 rem>ks on *ap4 xlii41 t ,israel mu/ "h be und]/ood z ! "n ( ! p1 n z ! "n ( ! ance/or only47 ,hv]nick rightly rem>ks t ! ,messiah is "h call$ ,israel1 9 contra/ to ! p to :om ?is "n does n prop]ly belong4 ,analog\s is ,matt4 ii4 #ae1 :]e t :i*1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is writt5 ( ,israel1 is ref]r$ to ,*ri/4 ,z ! true ,israel1 ,*ri/ himself also repres5ts himself 9 ,john i4 #eb2 ) a ref]5ce to t :i* 9 ,g54 xxviii4 #ab is writt51 n ( ,jacob z ,pg #bcf an individual1 b z ! repres5tative ( ! :ole race1 x is said !re3 ,greek3 ap'arti opse/he ton ouranon anegota1 kai t\s angel\s t\ !\ anaba9ontas kai kataba9ontas epi ton huion t\ an?rp\4 ,all ^? decl>ations ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 :i* ! "n ( ,jacob or ,israel is us$ to designate ! election1 to ! exclusion ( ! false se$1 ! true ,israelites 9 :om !re is no guile1--all ^? passages prep>e ! way =1 & come ne> to ! "o be=e u4 ,?us ,ps4 lxiii4 #a3 ,truly good is ,god to ,israel1 to su* z are ( a clean he>t2 & !n ,ps4 xxiv4 #f3 ,!y t seek ?y face are ,jacob1 i4e41 ^? only :o1 ) zeal & en]gy 9 sanctification1 seek = ! fav\r ( ,god4 ,9 ! passage be=e u1 ! same pr9ciple is f>!r c>ri$ out4 ,! true ,israel is designat$ z he 9 :om ,god glorifies1 or w glorify himself1 inasmu* z 8 glorification w be> te/imony to ,god's m]cy & fai?fulness2 comp4 ,john xii4 #bc3 ,greek3 ellu!n h hra h9a doxa/h ho huios t\ an?rp\2 xvii4 #e3 ,greek3 kai nun doxason me su pat]4 ,! v]b ,hebrew3 p> means 9 ,piel1 to adorn1 9 ,hi?p4 to adorn "o's self1 to glorify "o's self4 ,?us x occurs 9 ,judg4 vii4 #b2 ,is4 x4 #ae2 lx4 #ba3 ,"w ( my h&s = glorify+1 i4e41 9 :i* ,i glorify myself2 lxi4 #c3 ,plant+ ( ! ,"l = glorify+4 ,!re is no reason = ab&on+ ?is well-support$ signification ei!r "h or 9 *ap4 xliv4 #bc3 ,! ,"l ha? r$eem$ ,israel & glorifi$ himself 9 ,israel4 ,if ,god glorifies himself 9 ,8 ,s]vant1 ,he j !reby gets occasion to glory 9 ,him z a monum5t ( ,8 goodness & fai?fulness4 ,our ,savi\r prays 9 ,john xii4 #bh3 ,greek3 ,pat] doxason s\ to onoma4 ,! ,fa!r1 by glorify+ ! ,son1 glorifies at ! same "t ,8 "n4 ,^? :o expla9 ,hebrew3 atp> by3 p] quem ornabor1 ov]look ! circum/ance t1 also 9 ! phrase3 ,?\ art my ,s]vant1 ! ma9 /ress does n1 accord+ to ! p>allel passages1 lie 9 t :i* ! ,s]vant has to p]=m1 b 9 ,8 be+ ! protect$ & pres]v$ by ,god4 ,v]4 #d4 ,& ,i said3 ,i h lab\r$ 9 va91 ,i h sp5t my /r5g? = empt9ess & vanity2 b my "r is ) ! ,"l1 & my rew>d ) my ,god4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god1 aft] hav+ spok5 ( ,8 sublime dignity & mission1 "h prep>es ! transition = proclaim+ ,8 de/9ation to be a ,savi\r ( ! ,g5tiles1 to :om ,8 :ole disc\rse is address$4 ,he compla9s ( ! small ,pg #bcg fruits ( ,8 m9i/ry among ,israel2 b com=ts himself by ! confid5ce plac$ ^u ! righte\sness ( ,god1 t ! fai?ful dis*>ge ( ! duty committ$ to ,him _c rema9 )\t rew>d4 ,! speak+ on ! "p ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god 9 ?is v]se ref]s to ! speak+ ( ,god 9 v]se #c4 ,j]ome1 :o rem>ks on ?is po9t3 ,b :5 ! ,fa!r told me t :i* ,i h repeat$1 ,i answ]$ ,him3 ,h[ wilt ?\ be glorifi$ 9 me1 see+ t ,i h lab\r$ 9 va98 recognis$ ?is ref]5ce1 b errone\sly view$ ! words z be+ address$ to ! ,"l4 ,x is a soliloquy :i* we h "h be=e u4 ,in/ead ( ,i said1 we are n at lib]ty to put3 ,i imag9$2 ! ,s]vant ( ,god _h 9 reality exp5d$ ,8 /r5g? = no?+ & vanity4 ,z ! sc5e ( ! va9 lab\r ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! hea!n _w _c be ?\ght (2 inasmu* z ?is is1 fir/ 9 v]4 #f1 assign$ to ,him z an indemnification = t :i*1 accord+ to ! v]se be=e u1 ,he _h lo/ else:]e4 ,x is ,israel only :i* c be ! object ( ! va9 lab\r ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god2 = x 0 to !m t1 accord+ to v]4 #e1 ! mission ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god 9 ! fir/ in/ance ref]r$3 ,! ,"l _h =m$ ,him to be ,8 ,s]vant1 to br+ back to ,him ,jacob & ,israel t 7 n ga!r$4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! mission is direct$ to apo/ate ,israel1 x c ! less be /range t ! lab\r 0 9 va94 ,to ! same result we are l$ also by ! circum/ance t1 9 v]4 #f1 ! sav+ activity ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god appe>s z limit$ to ! pres]v$ ( ,israel1 :ile ! orig9al mission _h be5 direct$ to ! :ole4 ,& ?is portion to :i* ,8 activity is limit$1 is comp>atively a small portion4 ,= t is sugge/$ by ! circum/ance t to h ! pres]v$ ( ,israel = ,8 portion is repres5t$ z a light ?+--n at all correspond+ to ! dignity ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,z1 9 t v]se1 ! pres]v$ ( ,israel =m ! contra/ to ! mass ( ! p giv5 up by ! ,"l1 s 9 ! v]se "u consid]ation1 ! opposition :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god f9ds1 is repres5t$ z s great1 t ,8 m9i/ry 01 9 ! ma91 9 va92 s t accord+ly ! great mass ( ! p mu/ h be5 unsusceptible ( x4--,9 ! view t a great portion ( ! p w\ld reject ! salvation (f]$ 9 ,*ri/1 & !reby become liable to judgm5t1 ! ,song ( ,solomon ,pg #bch _h already prec$$ our ,prophet4 ,z reg>ds ! natural gr\nds ( ?is =esight1 we rem>k$ 9 ! ,comm5t>y on ! ,song ( ,solomon1 ,s4 #bde3 ,) a k ( human nature1 & especially ( ! nature ( ,israel1 z x 0 peculi> to ! p f ! beg9n+1 & 0 firmly & deeply impress$ ^u !m by ! ,mosaic laws1--aft] ! exp]i5ce :i* ! j\rney ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 ! "t ( ! ,judges1 ! reign ( ,david & ( ,solomon also (f]$1 x 0 absolutely impossible = ! enlight5$ to ent]ta9 ! hope t1 at ! appe>ance ( ! ,messiah1 ! :ole p w\ld d homage to ,him ) s9c]e & cordial devotion4 ,h[ v mu* ?is 0 ! case1 ! v fir/ *apt] ( ,isaiah c prove4 ,x is impossible t "o :o has s deeply recogniz$ ! corrupt$ nature ( 8 p1 %\ld give himself up to va9 patriotic fancies2 to su* an "o1 ! "t ( ! highe/ manife/ation ( salvation mu/ necess>ily be1 at ! same "t1 a p]iod ( ! highe/ realization ( judgm5t4 ,! same view :i* is giv5 "h1 we meet ) also 9 *ap4 liii4 #a-c4 ,9 h>mony ) ,isaiah1 ,ze*>iah1 too1 prophesies1 9 *aps4 xi41 xiii4 #h1 t ! great] portion ( ! ,jews w n believe 9 ,*ri/4 ,mala*i iii4 #a-f1 #ai1 #bd1 contra/s ) ! long$-= judgm5t ^u ! hea!n1 ! judgm5t :i*1 9 ! ,messianic "t1 is to be execut$ ^u ! p itself4--,on ! words3 ,my "r is ) ! ,"l1 & my rew>d ) my ,god1 comp>e ,lev4 xix1 #ac3 ,! rew>d ( him t is hir$ %all n abide ) !e all night until ! morn+4 ,! ,god :o wat*es t among m5 ! well-e>n$ wages ( fai?ful lab\r %all n be )held1 w surely himself n )hold !m f ,8 ,s]vant4 ,! "r1 ! well-des]v$ rew>d ( ,8 ,s]vant is ) ,him2 x is !re safely kept1 9 ord] t x may be deliv]$ up to ,him 9 due "t4 ,t :i* ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l "h1 9 ! highe/ s5se1 says ( himself1 holds true ( ,8 inf]ior s]vants also4 ,_! lab\r 9 ! ,"l is1 9 tru?1 nev] 9 va94 ,_! "r & _! rew>d c nev] fail !m4 ,v]4 #e4 ,& n[1 sai? ! ,"l t =m$ me f ! womb to be a ,s]vant to himself1 to br+ ,jacob aga9 to ,him1 & ,israel :i* is n ga!r$1 & ,i am hon\r$ 9 ! eyes ( ! ,"l1 & my ,god 0 my /r5g?4 ,v]4 ,pg #bcif4 ,& ,he sai?3 ,x is too light a ?+ t ?\ %\lde/ be my ,s]vant only to raise up ! tribes ( ,jacob1 & to re/ore ! pres]v$ ( ,israel1 & ,i give !e = a light to ! ,g5tiles1 t ?\ maye/ be my ,salvation unto ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,! confid5ce :i* ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l has plac$ 9 ,him has n be5 put to %ame by ! result1 b r has be5 glori\sly ju/ifi$ by ,him4 ,he :o 01 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 s5t to ,israel1 is appo9t$ to be ! ,savi\r ( ! ,g5tiles1 9 ord] to comp5sate ,him = ! unbelief ( ^? to :om ,8 mission 0 9 ! fir/ in/ance direct$4 ,& n[1 i4e41 s9ce ! matt] /&s ?us 7,g54 xlv4 #h71--s9ce ,israel1 to :om my mission is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 direct$1 reject me4 ,sai? ! ,"l--,t :i* ! ,"l spoke foll[s 9 v]4 #f only1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! long int]ruption1 aga9 beg9s )3 ,& ,he sai?1 equival5t to3 ,i say4 ,he ha? spok54 ,! decl>ation ( ! ,"l has ref]5ce to ! de/9ation ( ,8 ,s]vant to be ! ,savi\r ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,?is decl>ation is1 9 v]4 #e1 bas$ ^u two reasons3--fir/1 ! fru/ration ( ! orig9al mission ( ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l to ! ,jews2 & secondly1 on ! intimate relation 9 :i* ,he /&s to ! ,"l1 :o _c )hold f ,him ! rew>d :i* ,he des]ves = ,8 "w4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 also1 ! mission ( ,*ri/ appe>s z be+ at fir/ direct$ to ! ,jews only4 ,! ,"l says1 9 ,matt4 xv4 #bd3 ,greek3 ouk ape/aln ei m eis ta probata ta apollota oik\ ,isral4 ,he says1 9 ,matt4 x4 #f1 to ! ,apo/les1 aft] hav+ =bidd5 !m to g to ! hea!ns1 & to ! ,sam>itans1 :o 7 no?+ b disguis$ hea!ns3 ,greek3 poreue/he de mallon pros ta probata ta apollota oik\ ,isral4 ,paul & ,b>nabas say1 9 ,acts xiii4 #df3 ,greek3 hum9 n anankaion prton lal?nai ton logon t\ ,!\4 epeid de ap!i/he auton kai ouk axi\s kr9ete heaut\s ts aini\ zs1 id\ /rephome?a eis ta e?n4 ,x is r an idle "q to ask :at w\ld h happ5$1 if ! ,jews z a nation _h accept$ ! (f]$ salvation4 ,b s mu* is c]ta9 t "h1 9 ! pr$iction1 z well z 9 hi/ory1 ! rejection ( ,*ri/1 on ! "p ( ! ,jews1 appe>s to h be5 a necess>y condition ( ,8 ent]+ ^u ,8 vocation z ! ,savi\r ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,^? :o und]/ood ! p by ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l ref] ,hebrew3 lwibb to ,jehovah1 & consid] x z a ,g]und4 ,pg #bdj r$uc5do1 or qui r$ucit ad se ,jacobum4 ,9 ! same way !y expla9 also ! ,inf9it4 ) ,hebrew3 l 9 ! foll[+ v]se1 z also 9 *ap4 li4 #af4 ,b al?\gh ! ,inf9it4 ) ,hebrew3 l is sometimes1 inde$1 us$ = ! ,g]und41 yet ?is is nei!r ! orig9al nor ! ord9>y use2 & n[h]e does x occur 9 su* accumulation4 ,moreov]1 by ?is explanation1 ?is v]se1 z well z ! foll[+ ones1 are altoge!r brok5 up1 & ! words ,hebrew3 lwvbb ieqb aliv mu/ indicate ! de/9ation = :i* ,he 0 =m$4 ,& x is n possible t ,jehovah's br++ ,jacob back to himself %\ld be a display ( ,israel's be+ =m$ f ! womb to be ! ,s]vant1 inasmu* z ! br++ back w\ld n1 l ! =mation1 belong to ! fir/ /age ( ! exi/5ce ( ! p4--,& ,israel1 :i* is n ga!r$4 ,be=e ,hebrew3 awr1 ,hebrew3 la mu/ be suppli$4 ,accord+ to ! p>allel words3 ,to br+ ,jacob aga9 to ,him1 ! n ga!r+ ( ,israel is to be ref]r$ to its hav+ w&]$ away f ! ,"l4 ,x 0 appropriate t ?is %\ld be expressly m5tion$1 & n m]ely suppos$1 z is ! case 93 ,to br+ ,jacob aga9 to ,him4 ,! image :i* lies at ! f\ndation1 is t ( a scatt]$ flock2 comp4 ,mic4 ii4 #ab4 ,p>allel is ,isaiah liii4 #f3 ,all we l %eep h gone a/ray1 we h turn$ e "o to 8 own way4--,to ! words "u consid]ation ! ,"l alludes 9 ,matt4 xxiii4 #cg3 ,greek3 h,ierousalm 444 posakis !lsa epi sunagage9 ta tekna s\ hon tropon episunagei ornis ta nossia heauts hupo tas pt]ugas kai ouk !lsate2 comp4 also ,matt4 ix4 #cf3 ,greek3 idn de t\s o*l\s esplan*ni/he p]i autn hoti san eskulm5oi kai erhrimm5oi hsei probata m e*onta poim5a4 ,on acc\nt ( *ap4 xi4 #ab1 x w n d to take ,hebrew3 as,p 9 ! signification ( to snat* away1 to c>ry (f1 z is done by ,hitzig4 ,moreov] ,hebrew3 nas,p means1 inde$1 to be ga!r$1 b nev] to be c>ri$ (f ,! ,mazore?s w\ld read ,hebrew3 la = ,hebrew3 lv3 ,& t ,israel might be ga!r$ to ,him4 ,?us x is r5d]$1 among ! anci5t translators1 by ,aquila & ! ,*aldee2 :ile ,symma*us1 ,!odoret1 & ! ,vulgate express ! negation4 ,mo/ ( ! mod]n int]pret]s h foll[$ ! ,mazore?s4 ,b ! assumption ( sev]al ( ^!1 t ,hebrew3 la is only a diff]5t writ+ = ,hebrew3 lv1 is altoge!r )\t f\ndation1 comp>e ! rem>ks on *ap4 ix4 #b2 & ! read+ ( ! ,mazore?s is j l all ! ,kris1 a m]e conjecture1 ow+ its orig91 z has already be5 ,pg #bda rem>k$ by ,j]ome1 only to a bad ,jewi% patriotism4 ,! circum/ance t1 ) ! sole exception1 ( #b ,*ron4 xxx4 #c1--;an exception :i*1 f ! "* ( ! language ( t book1 is ( no importance--! v]b ,hebrew3 as,p 9 ! signification to ga!r has ! p]son to :om x is ga!r$ nev] jo9$ to x by means ( ,hebrew3 l1 b commonly by means ( ,hebrew3 al1 is ( s mu* ! great] importance1 t ,hebrew3 l has no?+ to d ) ,hebrew3 al4 ,:5 ,/i] rem>ks t v]4 #f1 :]e ,jacob & ,israel 7 aga9 beside ea* o!r 9 a completely p>allel clause1 proves t ,israel's ga!r+ c be spok5 ( positively only1 he has ov]look$ ! ess5tial diff]5ce ( v]4 #e1 :i* ref]s to ! position ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god t[>ds ! :ole p & v]4 #f1 :i* ref]s to ,8 de/9ation = ! election4--,! words3 ,& ,i am hon\r$ 9 ! eyes ( ! ,"l1 & my ,god is my /r5g?1 i4e41 my protection & help]1 recapitulate :at1 9 v]4 #b & #c1 0 said ab\t ! high dignity ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ( :i* ! effect appe>s1 9 v]4 #f1 9 ,8 appo9tm5t to be ! ,savi\r ( ! ,g5tiles1 aft] ! mission to ,israel has be5 fruitless4 ,9 v]4 #f1 x is n ! decree ( ! salvation ( ! ,g5tiles ?r\gh ,*ri/ :i* =ms ! subject 7t decree is an et]nal "o71 b r t ?is decree %\ld be c>ri$ out4 ,x is = ?is t ,israel's unbelief (f]s an occasion ,z ! salvation ( ! elect among ,israel 79 ref]5ce to ! great mass1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god _h lab\r$ 9 va91 v]4 #d7 w\ld be too small a rew>d = !e1 ,i assign to !e 9 addition to !m1 an inf9itely l>g] inh]itance1 viz41 ! :ole hea!n _w4 ,hebrew3 wvb 9 ,hiphil frequ5tly means to lead back1 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 b sometimes also to lead back into ! =m]1 or normal condition1 to re/ore1 comp>e rem>ks on ,dan4 ix4 #be2 ,ps4 lxxx4 #d4 ,! p>allel1 to raise up1 :i* is oppos$ to ! ly+ d[n 7,ps4 xli4 #i71 %[s t "h x /&s 9 ! s5se ( to re/ore4 ,! local lead+ back belongs to ! sph]e ( ,kore%1 to :om ! fir/ book is d$icat$2 b1 ) t1 ! abnormal condition ( mis]y & abasem5t1 :i* is s mu* oppos$ to ! idea ( ! p ( ,god1 is n completely & truly remov$4 ,t :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god be/[s ^u ! elect ( ,israel1 viz41 rais+ up & re/oration1 is1 9 sub/ance1 ! same :i*1 accord+ to :at foll[s1 ,he becomes to ! ,g5tiles1 ,pg #bdb viz41 light & salvation4 ,by becom+ light & salvation to ! elect ( ,israel1 ,he raises !m up & leads !m back1 inasmu* z ?is 0 ! normal1 natural condition ( ! cov5ant-p1 f :i* !y _h only fall5 by _! s9s4 ,x is to t1 t ! election is re/or$ by ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,by ! tribes ( ,jacob1 ! bett] "p only ( ! p is to be und]/ood1 to ! exclusion ( ^? s\ls :o are cut (f f _! p1 because !y h brok5 ! cov5ant ( ! ,"l1 comp4 v]4 #d4 ,?is appe>s f ! addition3 ,& ! pres]v$ ( ,israel 7! ,ke?ibh ,hebrew3 neiri is an adjective =m ) a passive signification2 ! m>g9al read+ ,hebrew3 ncvri is ! ,"p4 ,pass472 j z1 simil>ly 9 ,ps4 lxxiii4 #a1 ,israel is limit$ to ! true ,israel by ! explanatory clause3 ,su* z are ( a clean he>t4 ,! v]b ,hebrew3 ncr1 to wat*1 is1 accord+ to ,ges5ius1 especially us$ de ,jehova hom9es cu/odi5te et tu5te4 ,h5ce1 ! pres]v$ ( ,israel are ^? :om ,god keeps "u ,8 graci\s protection & c>e1 9 contra/ to ! great mass ( ! cov5ant-break]s :om ,he gives up4 ,*ap4 lxv4 #ac1 #ad3 ,behold my s]vants %all eat1 b ye %all be hungry2 behold my s]vants %all dr9k1 b ye %all be ?ir/y2 behold my s]vants %all rejoice1 b ye %all be a%am$2 behold my s]vants %all s+ = joy ( he>t1 b ye %all cry = sorr[ ( he>t1 & %all h[l = vexation ( _s1 likewise po9ts to a great sep>ation :i* %all take place 9 ! ,messianic "t4 ,light 7comp>e rem>ks on *ap4 xlii4 #f71 & salvation are relat$ to "o ano!r1 z ! image to ! ?+ itself ,f ! circum/ance t ! po9t "h 9 "q is ! rew>d = ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 :o is to be indemnifi$ = ! loss :i* ,he suff]$ by ,israel 7comp4 v]4 #d71 x is obvi\s t we mu/ n expla93 t my salvation be1 b3 t ?\ maye/ be my salvation2 = x is only :5 ,he is ! salvation t su* an indemnification is spok5 ( ,moreov]1 ! ,inf9itive ) ,hebrew3 l c "h n well be und]/ood o!rwise ?an 9 ! prec$+ clause4 ,! s]vant ( ,god is ! p]sonal salvation ( ! ,"l = ! hea!n _w2 comp4 *ap4 xlii4 #f1 &1 9 ! *apt] "u consid]ation1 v]4 #h1 :]e ,he is call$ ! cov5ant ( ! p1 because ?is cov5ant f9ds 9 ,him its tru?2 comp>e also ! expression3 ,?is man is peace1 9 ,mic4 v4 #d 7#e74 ,ges5ius rightly rem>ks1 t ,pg #bdc !re is "h an allusion to ! promises giv5 to ! ,patri>*s1 ,g54 xii4 #c1 c4 ,9 ,*ri/1 ! ,%iloh to :om ! p adh]e1 ! old promise ( ! future ext5sion ( salvation to all ! ,g5tiles is to be fulfill$4 ,v]4 #g4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ! ,r$eem] ( ,israel1 8 ,holy ,"o1 to ,him t is despis$ by e "o1 to ! abhorr5ce ( ! p1 to ! s]vant ( rul]s3 ,k+s %all see & rise up1 pr9ces1 & pro/rate !mselves because ( ! ,"l t is fai?ful1 ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel t ha? *os5 !e4 ,hi!rto1 ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l has spok53 "h1 ! ,prophet speaks ( ,him4 ,he gives a %ort & compreh5sive summ>y ( ! cont5ts ( v]4 #a-f1 ! rejection ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god by ! p to :om ,8 mission 01 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 direct$1 & ,8 appo9tm5t to be ! ,savi\r ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,! matt] is trac$ back to ! ,r$eem] ( ,israel & _! ,holy ,"o1 i4e41 ! high & glori\s ,god1 because ! ,s]vant ( ,god is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 s5t to ,israel z ,greek3 diakonos p]itoms hup] al!ias !\ eis to bebaisai tas epangelias tn pat]n1 ,rom4 xv4 #h2 b /ill m1 because ,he himself is ! conc5tration ( ,israel 7v]4 #c71 ! ,greek3 kephal t\ smatos ts ekklsias1 ,col4 i4 #ah1--;,he 9 ^: glorification ! true ,israel1 z oppos$ to ! d>k5$ refuse1 atta9 to _! "r4 ,accord+ to ! context1 ! contempt1 c41 mu/ proce$ *iefly f ! apo/ate portion ( ! cov5ant-p3 ,! pr9ces & k+s mu/1 accord+ to v]4 #f 7comp4 *ap4 lii4 #ae71 be conceiv$ ( z hea!ni% ones4 ,! v]se "u consid]ation m]ely exhibits1 9 %ort outl9es1 ! contra/ already allud$ to 9 ! prec$+ context4 ,x _c appe> at all /range t ! ,prophet =esees ! reproa* ( ,*ri/1 & ,8 suff]+s f ! ungodly _w4 ,9 ^? ,psalms :i* ref] to ! suff]+ righte\s "o1 righte\sness & ! ho/ility ( ! wick$ _w are repres5t$ z be+ insep>ably connect$ ) ea* o!r4 ,h5ce x _c be conceiv$ ( o!rwise1 b t ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 :o1 9 ,8 p]son1 repres5t$ ! ideal ( righte\sness1 %\ld1 9 a v special mann]1 h be5 liable to ?is ho/ility4 ,moreov]1 x c be prov$ t1 9 "s ,psalms :i* ref] to ! suff]+ righte\s "o1 ,david has1 besides ! individual & ! :ole p1 9 view1 at ! same "t1 8 own ,pg #bdd family1 & ,him 9 :om x 0 to c5tre2 comp4 my comm5t>y on ,ps4 ,vol4 iii4 p4 lxxx4 ff4 ,!re seems "h to be a special ref]5ce to ,ps4 xxii4 #g1 #h3 ,& ,i am a worm & no man1 a reproa* ( man & despis$ ( ! p4 ,all !y t see me laugh me to scorn1 op5 _! lips1 %ake _! heads2 & x is ! m natural to assume ?is ref]5ce t1 9 *ap4 lii4 #ad2 liii4 #c1 ?is passage also is ref]r$ to ,hebrew3 bzh is1 aft] ! example ( ,kim*i1 view$ by sev]al int]pret]s z an inf9itive =m /&+ 9 place ( a ,n\n1 despis+ or contemn+1 in/ead ( contempt1 & ?is aga9 in/ead ( object ( contempt4 ,o!rs view x z ! ,/at4 con/ruct4 ( an adjective ,hebrew3 bzh ) a passive signification4 ,?is latt] view is m natural2 & ! reason :i* ,/i] adduces aga9/ x1 viz41 t ( v]bs ,hebrew3 lh no su* =ms are f\nd1 _c be consid]$ z conclusive4 ,hebrew3 bzh-npw1 lit]ally ! despis$ "o ( ! s\l might1 accord+ to ,ezek4 xxxvi4 #e3 ,aga9/ ,edom :o h tak5 my l& into _! possession ) ! joy ( all _! he>t1 ) ! contempt ( _! s\l1 mean1 :o is inw>dly & deeply despis$1 ! s\l be+ view$ z ! seat ( ! affections4 ,b we are l$ to ano!r explanation by ! fundam5tal passage1 ,ps4 xxii4 #g1 & by ! circum/ance t ,hebrew3 npw is "h p>allel to ,hebrew3 nvi1 & t ! latt] corresponds to ! ,hebrew3 e,m 9 ,ps4 xxii4 ,! despis$ "o ( ! s\l mu/1 accord+ly1 be he :o is despis$ ( e "o4 ,! s\l correspond+ to man 9 ,ps4 xxii4 is1 z x 71 conceiv$ ( z a great concrete body4 ,9 a simil> mann]1 s\l is us$ = all t has a s\l1 9 ,g54 xiv4 #ba1 :]e ! k+ ( ,sodom says to ,abraham3 ,give me ! s\l1 & take ! goods to ?yself4--,to ! abhorr5ce ( ! p4 ,hebrew3 teb 9 ,piel nev] has ano!r signification ?an to abhor4 ,su* is ! signification 9 ,job ix4 #ca also1 :]e ! clo!s abhor ,job plung$ 9 ! dirt1 resi/ be+ put on by him2 likewise 9 ,ezek4 xv4 #be1 :]e ,judah abhors 8 beauty1 disgracefully tramples "u feet 8 glory1 z if he hat$ x4 ,9 fav\r ( ! signification3 ,to cause to abhor 7,rdig]3 horrorem incuti5s populo1 qui abom9ationi e/ populo71 int]pret]s _c adduce ev5 "o app>5t passage1 except t be=e u4 ,we are1 !re=e1 only at lib]ty to expla91 aft] ! example ( ,kim*i3 to ! 444 p abhorr+1 i4e41 to him aga9/ :om ! ,pg #bde p feel an abhorr5ce4 ,hebrew3 gvi is us$ ( ! ,jewi% p 9 ,is4 i4 #d also4 ,h(mann is ( op9ion t x ought to h ! article1 if x 7 to ref] to ! ,jewi% p4 ,b no "o ass]ts a direct ref]5ce to !m2 x designates1 9 itself1 ! mass only1 9 contra/ to s+le individuals1 j z ,hebrew3 e,m 9 ,ps4 xxii4 ,! abhorr5ce is felt by ! masses--is popul>4 ,! fact t x is among ,israel t ! ,s]vant ( ,god meets ?is g5]al abhorr5ce1 is n impli$ 9 ! ^w itself1 b is sugge/$ by ! :ole context4 ,:ile ,hebrew3 npw & ,hebrew3 gvi designate ! g5]ality ( ?is hatr$1 ,hebrew3 mwli,m po9ts to ! highe/ places ( x4 ,( hea!n rul]s ?is ^w occurs 9 *ap4 xiv4 #e2 ( native rul]s1 9 *ap4 lii4 #e2 xxviii4 #ad4 ,! hea!n rul]s c "h come into consid]ation1 9 s f> only z !y are ! in/rum5ts ( ! native ones2 comp4 ,john xix4 #aj3 ,greek3 legei aut ho ,pilatos4 emoi ou laleis2 ouk oidas hoti ex\sian e* /aursai se kai ex\sian e* apolusai se4 ,! s]vant ( rul]s =ms ! contra/ to ! s]vant ( ! ,"l4 ,b 9 ! words3 ,k+s %all see1 c41 x is describ$ h[ ! orig9al dignity f9ally breaks =? p[]fully1 & reacts aga9/ ! mom5t>y humiliation4 ,x 0 especially at ! crucifixion t ,*ri/ pres5t$ himself z ,he t 0 despis$ by e "o1 z ! abhorr5ce ( ! p1 z ! s]vant ( rul]s4 ,! hi/orical comm5t>y on ^! words we h 9 ,matt4 xxii4 #ci ff43 ,greek3 hoi de p>aporeuom5oi eblasphm\n auton k4t4l4 homois de kai hoi ar*i]eis empaizontes meta tn grammaten kai presbut]n elegon4 all\s ess5 k4t4l4 to d'auto kai hoi l/ai hoi susaur!ntes aut hneidizon auton4--,aft] ,hebrew3 irav !y %all see1 ! object mu/ be suppli$ f v]4 #f1 viz41 ! brilliant turn :i*1 "u ! ,"l's direction4 ,8 de/9y %all take1--,8 be+ con/itut$ ! light & salvation ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,! k+s :o sit on _! ?rones rise up2 ! nobles :o /& ar\nd ! ?rone pro/rate !mselves4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god is ! conc5tration ( ,israel1 v]4 #c4 ,h5ce ,8 glorification is1 at ! close1 once m trac$ back to ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel2 & t s mu* ! r1 because ! glorification :i* is be/[$ ^u ,him is be/[$ ^u ,him = ! b5efit ( ! ,congregation1 :om ,he elevates along ) himself out ( ! condition ( deep abasem5t2 comp4 v]s4 #h & #i4 ,! v]se be=e u =ms ! g]m ( t :i*1 9 *ap4 lii4 #ac1 is c>ri$ out & exp&$4 ,pg #bdf ,v]4 #h4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,9 ! "t ( fav\r h ,i he>d !e1 & 9 ! day ( salvation h ,i help$ !e2 & ,i w pres]ve !e1 & give !e = ! ,cov5ant ( ! p1 t ?\ maye/ raise up ! l&1 divide desolate h]itages4 ,v]4 #i4 ,t ?\ maye/ say to ! prison]s3 ,g =?2 to !m t are 9 d>kness3 ,come to light2 !y %all fe$ 9 ! ways1 & on all b>e hills %all be _! pa/ure4 ,! "t ( fav\r may be ei!r ! "t :5 ,god %[s ,8 delight 91 & fav\r to ,8 ,s]vant1 &1 9 ,him1 to ! ,*ur*1 q4 d41 ( delight 9 !e1 m]cy = !e1--9 :i* case *ap4 lx4 #aj w\ld be p>allel3 ,9 my wra? ,i smote !e1 & 9 my fav\r h ,i _h m]cy on !e2 or1 9 ! "t ( fav\r1 may be equival5t to3 at ! agreeable1 acceptable "t 7,,lxx41 :i* ,paul foll[s 9 #b ,cor4 vi4 #a1 #b1 ,greek3 kair dekt1 ,vulg4 tempore placito72 9 contra/ to a prec$+ unacceptable "t1 9 :i* ! ,"l seem$ to h =sak5 ,8 ,s]vant1 9 :i* x appe>$ z if ,he _h lab\r$ 9 va91 & sp5t ,8 /r5g? = n\ght & vanity4 ,acceptable is ! "t to all p>ties1 n only to ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 b also to ^? :o are to be r$eem$ ?r\gh ,him2 & n less to ,god1 to :om x is a joy to p\r out ^u ,8 ,s]vant ! riv]s ( ,8 salvation4 ,! ,pret]ites 9 v]4 #h mu/ be view$ z prophetic ,pret]ites4 ,conc]n+ ,cov5ant ( ! p1 comp>e rem>ks on *ap4 xlii4 #f4 ,! idea ( ! p is m closely def9$ & qualifi$ by v]4 #f & #g4 ,! s\ls :o h be5 cut (f f _! p1 because !y h brok5 ! cov5ant ( ! ,"l1 & despis$ ,8 ,s]vant1 are ju/ly pass$ by4 ,b s9ce ,hebrew3 e,m c "h be und]/ood ( ! bett] portion ( ! p only1 ( ! invisible ,*ur* 9 ! mid/ ( ! visible1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god _c be ! bett] portion ( ! p4--,9 ! words3 ,t ?\ maye/ raise up ! l&1 divide desolate h]itages1 ! be/[al ( salvation is describ$ "u ! image ( ! re/oration ( a deva/at$ c\ntry4 ,9 v]4 #i1 ! mis]y ( ! ,congregation ( ,god is describ$ "u ! image ( p9+ away 9 a d>k prison2 comp4 rem>ks on *ap4 xlii4 #g4 ,) ! second half ( ! v]se1 !re beg9s a m g5]al description ( ! glori\s salvation :i* ! ,"l w giant to ,8 p2 & ! p]son ( ! ,m$iator ,pg #bdg /eps into ! back-gr\nd1 9 ord] aft]w>ds to come =? m prom95tly4 ,! ways & b>e hills h come into consid]ation z places :i*1 9 !mselves1 are completely b>r51 & :i* ! wond]ful grace ( ,god c alone cause to bud & fl\ri%4 ,,*apt] ,l4 #d-aa4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god "h also appe>s z speak+4 ,9 v]4 #d1 ,he intimates ,8 vocation3 ,god has be/[$ ^u ,him ! gift ( com=t+ ^? :o are we>y & heavy lad54 ,he !n at once turns to ,8 real subject1--! suff]+s :i*1 9 fulfilm5t ( ?is vocation he has to endure4 ,! ,"l has inw>dly manife/$ to ,him t1 9 ! ex]cise ( ,8 (fice4 ,he %all exp]i5ce sev]e trials2 & will+ly has ,he borne all ^! suff]+s1 all ! ignom9y & %ame1 v]4 #e1 #f4 ,) ?is will+ness & =titude ,he is inspir$ by ,8 firm confid5ce 9 ! ,"l1 :o1 he c]ta9ly kn[s1 w help ,him & de/roy ,8 enemies1 v]4 #g-i4 ,! conclusion1 9 v]4 #aj & #aa1 =ms ! prophetic ann\ncem5t ( ! diff]5t fates ( ! two oppos+ p>ties among ! p4 ,at ! f\ndation ( ?is lies ! =esight ( heavy afflictions :i*1 aft] ! appe>ance ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 w be laid ^u ! cov5ant-p4 ,t portion ( ! p :o are devot$ to ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 are told to hope 9 ! mid/ ( ! mis]y1 & may hope2 _! sorr[s %all be turn$ into joy4 ,b ! ungodly :o1 )\t reg>d+ ! ,"l1 & )\t he>k5+ to ,8 ,s]vant1 w\ld help !mselves1 w br+ de/ruction ^u !mselves by _! self-will$ do+s1 & %all be visit$ by ! av5g+ h& ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,an intimation ( ! l[l9ess ( ,*ri/ at ,8 fir/ appe>ance occurs z e>ly z 9 *ap4 xi4 #a4 ,9 *ap4 xlii4 #d1 ! words3 ,he %all n fail nor run away1 intimate t ! ,s]vant ( ,god has to /ruggle ) great ob/acles & difficulties 9 ! ex]cise ( ,8 call+4 ,accord+ to *ap4 xlix4 #d1 ,he w lab\r 9 va9 among ! great mass ( ! cov5ant-p1 ,pg #bdh & sp5d 8 /r5g? = n\ght & vanity4 ,9 v]4 #g1 x is expressly intimat$ t sev]e suff]+s %all be inflict$ ^u ,him by ! p4 ,t :i* 0 !re allud$ to1 is "h c>ri$ out & exp&$4 ,b ! suff]+ ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god is "h describ$ f t aspect only :i* is common to ,*ri/ ) ,8 memb]s4 ,x is fir/ 9 *ap4 liii4 t its vic>i\s p[] is po9t$ out4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god comes "h be=e u 9 ,8 deepe/ humiliation4 ,ev5 9 ! description ( ,8 vocation 9 v]4 #d1 ! mo/ unassum+ aspect1 ! prophetic (fice only1 is br\ght =w>d4 ,x is only q at ! close t a g5tle intimation is giv5 ( ! glory conceal$ beh9d ! l[l9ess3 ,he !re appe>s z ! judge ( ^? :o h reject$ ,him4 ,9 ! ,messianic explanation ( ?is ,section1 ! ,"l himself has gone be=e ,8 ,*ur*4 ,we read 9 ,luke xviii4 #ca1 #cb1 ,greek3 p>alabn de t\s ddeka eipe pros aut\s4 id\ anaba9om5 eis h,ierosoluma kai tele/hsetai panta ta gegramm5a dia tn prophtn t hui t\ an?rp\4 p>ado?setai g> tois e?nesi kai empai*?setai kai hubri/hsetai kai emptu/hsetai kai ma/igsantes apokt5\s9 auton4 ,!re _c be any d\bt t ! ,"l "h di/9ctly ref]s to v]4 #f ( ! prophecy "u consid]ation4 ,!re is1 at all ev5ts1 no o!r passage 9 ! :ole ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 except t be=e u1 9 :i* !re is any m5tion made ( be+ spat ^u4 ,b 9 o!r respects1 too1 ! ref]5ce is visible3 ,i gave my back to ! smit]s 7 ,greek3 ma/igsantes1 ,,lxx4 ,greek3 eis ma/igas71 & my *eeks to ^? pluck+ 7 ,greek3 empai*?setai--! pluck+ ( ! be>d1 an act ( degrad+ wantonness71 my face ,i hid n f %ame 7 ,greek3 hubri/hsetai7 & spitt+4 ,b5gel draws att5tion to ! fact ( h[ highly ,*ri/1 9 ! passage quot$1 plac$ ! prophecy ( ! ,old ,te/am5t3 ,jesus mo/ highly valu$ t :i* 0 writt54 ,! ^w ( ,god :i* is conta9$ 9 ,scripture is ! rule = all :i* is to happ51 ev5 = t :i* is to happ5 9 et]nal life4 ,if1 9 respect ( ! high e/imation ( prophecy1 our age 7 to foll[ 9 ! /eps ( ,jesus1 x w\ld also mo/ readily agree ) ,him z reg>ds ! subject ( ! prophecy be=e u4 ,?is alone is ! cause ( ! ab]ration f ,him1 t p conf9$ & %ut up ! prophet )9 ! horizon ( 8 "t1 & !n imag9$ t he c\ld n "k any?+ ( ! suff]+ ( ,*ri/4 ,x 0 altoge!r diff]5t 9 ! ,pg #bdi anci5t ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,9 x1 ! ,messianic int]pretation prevail$ ?r\gh\t2 & ,grotius1 :o 9 a l[] s5se w\ld ref] ! prophecy to ,isaiah1 &1 9 a high] s5se only1 to ,*ri/1 met ) g5]al opposition1 ev5 on ! "p ( ,cl]icus4 ,9 fav\r ( ! ,messianic explanation !re is ! rem>kable agreem5t exi/+ betwe5 prophecy & fulfilm5t1 comp4 ,matt4 xxvi4 #fg1 #fh3 ,greek3 ,tote eneptusan eis to prospon aut\ kai ekolaphisan auton4 h,oi de erhrapisan legontes4 prophteuson hm91 *ri/e1 tis e/9 ho paisas se2 xxvii4 #cj3 ,greek3 kai emptusantes eis auton elabon ton kalamon kai etupton eis tn kephaln aut\1--an agreem5t1 ! significance & importance ( :i* are only enhanc$ by ! circum/ance t "o ( ! mo/ individualiz+ features ( ! prophecy1 viz41 ! pluck+ (f ( ! be>d1 is n met ) 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/2 = x is j !reby t ?is agreem5t is prov$ to be a free & spontane\s "o4 ,f>!r--,! exactness ) :i*1 9 v]4 #aj & #aa1 ! de/9ies ( ,israel1 aft] ! rejection ( ,*ri/1 are drawn2 & ! de/ruction :i* ! mass ( ! p1 :o did n believe 9 ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 prep>$ = !mselves1 by _! attempts to help !mselves by _! own /r5g?1 by enk9dl+ ! flame ( w>1 :il/ ^? :o fe> ! ,"l & li/5 to ! voice ( ,hs ,s]vant1 obta9 salvation4 ,f>!r--,v]4 #aa1 :]e ! ,s]vant ( ,god ascribes to himself ! judgm5t ^u ! unbeliev+ mass ( ! p3 ,f my h& is ?is to y1 9 h>mony ) ,matt4 xxvi4 #fd & o!r passages1 :]e ! ,son ( ,man appe>s z execut+ judgm5t ^u ,j]usalem4 ,f9ally--,! p>allel passages4 ,mo/ ( ! mod]n int]pret]s assume t ! ,prophet himself1 ,isaiah1 or ,pseudo-,isaiah1 is ! subject ( ! prophecy4 ,j]ome m5tions t ?is explanation 0 ! prevail+ "o among ! ,jews ( 8 "t4 ,! explanation :i* ref]s x to ! bett] portion ( ! p1 f\nd only "o def5d]1 viz41 ,paulus4 ,! explanation :i* ref]s x to ! :ole ( ! ,jewi% p1 or to ! collective body ( ! prophets1 has be5 entirely ab&on$1 al?\gh x is ma9ta9$ 9 ref]5ce to ! p>allel passages4 ,s9ce x is und5iable t ?is ,section is relat$ to ! o!r prophecies :i* treat ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1--& h5ce an id5tity ( subject is necess>ily requir$--^? :o1 9 ! ,pg #bej ,section "u consid]ation1 are compell$ to give up _! =m] hypo!sis1 !mselves be> witness aga9/ ! correctness ( x1 at ! same "t1 also aga9/ ! s\ndness ( _! explanation ( ! passage be=e u4 ,= an explanation :i* compels to ! sev]ance ( :at is necess>ily connect$1 _c be "r & true4 ,x is only !n t ,exegesis has atta9$ its object1 :5 x has arriv$ at a subject 9 :om all ^? features1 :i* occur 9 ! s+le prophecies :i* are connect$ ) ea* o!r1 are f\nd at ! same "t4 ,knobel1 9 say+3 ,?is small unconnect$ ,section1 is ! only "o 9 ! :ole collection1 9 :i* ! ,prophet speaks ( himself only1 & repres5ts 8 suff]+'s & hopes1 has !reby himself pron\nc$ judgm5t ^u 8 own int]pretation ( ?is ,section1 & at ! same "t1 ( ! o!r prophecies ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,moreov]1 ! ,prophet w\ld "h =m r a /range figure2 he w\ld appe> z x 71 z if he _h be5 bl[n 9 by a sn[-/orm4 ,accord+ to ,h(mann1 he describes h[ he is rew>d$ = 8 activity & zeal 9 8 vocation4 ,b h[ does ?is suit ! cont5ts ( ! second "p1 :i* evid5tly is a :ole1 ! s+le p>ts ( :i* mu/ /& 9 a close relation to its fundam5tal idea6 ,x is only a p]son ( c5tral importance t is suitable to ?is context4 ,x is only :5 we ref] x to ,*ri/1 t ! expectations are satisfi$ :i* 7 call$ =? by ! words3 ,com=t ye1 com=t ye my p4 ,?is call is answ]$ only by po9t+ to ! future ,savi\r ( ! _w4 ,"o elem5t ( tru?1 inde$1 !re is 9 ! explanation :i* makes ! ,prophet ! subject4 ,x is reveal$ to him1 inde$1 t ! ,s]vant ( ,god %all und]go p]secution1 %ame1 & ignom9y2 b he has ! natural sub/ratum = ?is k 9 ! exp]i5ce ( himself & 8 colleagues1 comp4 ,matt4 xxiii4 #bi-cg2 ,heb4 xi4 #cf1 #cg4 ,! div9e1 :]ev] x ent]s into ! _w ( s91 z well z ! s]vant ( tru? :o upholds x 9 ! face ( prevail+ falsehood1 mu/ und]go /ruggles1 %ame1 & ignom9y4 ,?is tru? 0 confirm$ 9 ! case ( ! prophets z types1 9 ! case ( ,*ri/ z ! antitype4 ,all t :i* ! prophets _h to exp]i5ce 9 _! own cases 0 a prophecy by de$s ( ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/2 & we %\ld ! less h any difficulty ,pg #bea 9 admitt+ _! k ( ?is1 t x w\ld be r /range if !y 7 de/itute ( su* k4 ,v]4 #d4 ,! ,"l ,jehovah ha? giv5 me a disciples tongue1 t ,i %\ld "k to help ! we>y ) a ^w3 ,he awak5e? morn+ by morn+1 wak5e? m9e e>1 t ,i may he> z ! disciples4 ,! great] numb] ( expositors expla9 a disciple's tongue by3 ,a tongue su* z in/ruct$ p or s*ol>s possess1--an eloqu5t tongue4 ,b ,hebrew3 lmd1 ev]y:]e else 9 ,isaiah1 means pupil1 disciple1 & is us$ especially ( ! disciples ( ! ,"l1 ^? :o g to ,8 s*ool1 are in/ruct$ by ,him2 comp4 *aps4 viii4 #af2 liv4 #ac4 ,a disciple's tongue is su* z ! disciples ( ! ,"l possess4 ,its f\ndation is =m$ by ! disciple's e> m5tion$ at ! close ( ! v]se4 ,he :o he>s ! ,"l's words1 speaks also ! ,"l's words4 ,! signification1 le>n$1 is n suitable 9 ! la/ clause ( ! v]se1 & its ref]5ce to ! fir/ does n p]mit ( our assum+ a diff]5t signification 9 ei!r clause4 ,j z "h ! ,s]vant ( ,god traces back to ,god t :i* ,he speaks1 s ,jesus says1 9 ,john viii4 #bf3 ,greek3 kag ha k\sa p>'aut\ tauta lal eis ton kosmon1 comp4 iii4 #cd3 ,greek3 hon g> ape/eil5 ho !os ta rhmata t\ !\ lalei4 ,! v]b ,hebrew3 sm,k1 :i* occurs only "h1 means1 accord+ to ! ,arabic1 to help1 to support2 ,aquila3 ,greek3 hupo/risai1 ,vulg4 su/5t>e4 ,l o!r simil> v]bs1 e4g41 ,hebrew3 sm,k1 9 ,g54 xxvii4 #cg1 x is con/ru$ ) a d\ble accusative3 t ,i may help ! we>y1 ^w1 i4e41 may support him by com=t+ words4 ,! we>y or fatigu$ are1 l ! b5t re$1 ! fa9tly burn+ wick1 9 *ap4 xlii4 #c2 ! bl9d1 ! prison]s sitt+ 9 d>kness1 ibid41 v]4 #g2 ! brok5-he>t$1 *ap4 lxi4 #a2 !m t m\rn1 ibid41 v]4 #b4 ,j z "h ! ,s]vant ( ,god repres5ts ! suff]+ & afflict$ ones z ! ma9 objects ( ,8 mission1 s ,*ri/ ann\nces1 t ,8 mission is specially direct$ to ^!1 comp4 e4g41 ,matt4 v4 #d2 xi4 #bh4 ,9 ord] to be able to fulfil ?is mission4 ,he mu/ be able to draw f ! fulness ( ,god1 :o looke? to him t is poor & ( a contrite _s1 *ap4 lxvi4 #b1 & :o alone und]/&s to heal ! brok5 9 he>t1 & to b9d up _! w\nds1 ,ps4 cxlvii4 #c4--;,9 ! words3 ,he wak5e?1 c4 we are told 9 :at mann] ! ,"l gives to ,8 ,s]vant ! disciple's tongue4 ,to wak5 ,pg #beb ! e> is equival5t to3 to make att5tive1 to make ready = ! reception ( ! div9e communications4 ,! expression morn+ by morn+ indicates t ! div9e wak5+ is go+ on un9t]rupt$ly1 & t ! ,s]vant ( ,god unres]v$ly surr5d]s himself to ! influ5ces :i* come f above1 9 :i* ,he has become an example to u4 ,v]4 #e4 ,! ,"l ,jehovah ha? op5$ m9e e>1 & ,i 0 n rebelli\s1 & h n turn$ back4 ,! phrases to op5 or uncov] ! e> h always ! signification1 to make kn[n some?+ to "s "o1 to reveal to him some?+4 to in=m him1 bo? 9 ord9>y circum/ances 7comp4 #a ,sam4 xx4 #ab2 ,ru? iv4 #d71 & on ! religi\s t]ritory1 comp4 #b ,sam4 vii4 #bg3 ,= ?\1 ,"l ( ,ho/s1 ,god ( ,israel1 ha/ op5$ ! e> ( ?y s]vant1 say+3 ,i w build !e an h\se2 ,isa4 xlviii4 #h3 ,?\ he>de/ n1 ?\ knewe/ n1 nor 0 =m]ly ?9e e> op5$2 *ap4 xlii4 #bj3 ,! e> 0 op5$ to him4 ,accord+ to ?is well e/abli%$ usus loqu5di1 ,! ,"l ha? op5$ m9e e>1 c only mean3 ,! ,"l ha? reveal$ to me1 ha? in=m$ me inw>dly2 ,ab5ezra3 ,hebrew3 glh svdv li ,he has made kn[n to me ,8 secret4 ,:at ! ,"l has made kn[n to ,8 ,s]vant1 we are n "h expressly told2 b x may be inf]r$ f v]4 #f1 :]e ! ,s]vant decl>es t :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( ! div9e manife/ation1 ,he did1 viz41 t ,he %\ld give ,8 back to ! smit]s1 c4 ,! words3 ,! ,"l ha? op5$ m9e e> "h are connect$ )3 ,! ,"l wak5e? m9e e>1 t ,i may he>1 9 ! prec$+ v]se3 ,! ,"l has specially made kn[n to me t1 9 c>ry+ out my vocation1 ,i %all h to endure sev]e suff]+s4 ,to ?is subject ! ,s]vant ( ,god quickly passes ov]1 aft] hav+1 9 ! introduction1 describ$1 by a few features1 ! vocation1 9 ! c>ry+ out ( :i* ^! suff]+s %\ld befal ,him4 ,z ! au?ors ( ^! suff]+s1 we mu/ conceive ( ! p>ty oppos$ to ! we>y1 viz41 ! pr\d1 secure1 unbrok5 s9n]s4 ,on ,i 0 n rebelli\s1 comp>e :at1 9 ,deut4 xxi4 #bj1 is writt5 ( ! /ubborn & rebelli\s son :o w n obey ! voice ( 8 fa!r2 & f>!r1 ! words3 ,greek3 pln ou* hs eg !l all'hs su1 ,matt4 xxvi4 #ci4 ,pg #bec ,v]4 #f4 ,i gave my back to ! smit]s1 & my *eeks to ! pluck]s1 ,i hid n my face f %ame & spitt+4 ,! words express 9 an individualiz+ mann] ! ?\ght1 t ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 9 ,8 vocation z ! ,savi\r ( ! p]sonae mis]abiles1 w\ld exp]i5ce ! mo/ %ameful & ignom9i\s treatm5t1 & w\ld pati5tly be> x4 ,9 ,god's provid5ce1 "p ( ! cont5ts 0 lit]ally fulfill$ ^u ,*ri/4 ,b ! fact t ?is lit]al agreem5t is n ! ma9 po9t1 b t x s]ves z a h9t & indication only ( ! f> m important sub/antial con=mity :i* w\ld take place1 al?\gh ! hatr$ ( ! _w aga9/ ! ,savi\r ( ! poor & afflict$ %\ld h manife/$ itself 9 =ms altoge!r diff]5t1--?is fact is evid5t f ! circum/ance t reg>d+ ! fulfilm5t ( ! words3 & my *eeks to ! pluck]s--pluck+ ! *eeks1 or pluck+ (f ( ! be>d be+ ! greate/ insult & disgrace 9 ! ,ea/1 comp4 #b ,sam4 x4 #d--!re is no m5tion 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t hi/ory4 ,9 v]s4 #g-i we h ! future glory1 :i* makes x easy = ! ,s]vant ( ,god to be> ! suff]+s ( ! ,pres5t4 ,if ,god be = ,him1 :o may be aga9/ ,him8 ,v]4 #g4 ,b ! ,"l ,jehovah helpe? me1 !re=e ,i am n conf\nd$1 !re=e ,i make my face l a fl9t1 & ,i "k t ,i am n put to %ame4 ,hebrew3 nklmti ref]s to ,hebrew3 klmvt 9 ! prec$+ v]se4 ,he :om ! ,"l helps is n conf\nd$ or put to %ame by all ! ignom9y :i* ! _w heaps ^u him4 ,! expression3 ,i make my face l a fl9t d5otes ! holy h>dness ( p]sev]ance 7,/i]72 comp4 ,ezek4 iii4 #h4 ,9 t passage x is especially ! assail+ h>dness :i* comes into consid]ation2 "h1 on ! contr>y1 x is ! suff]+ "o4 ,!re is an allusion to ! passage be=e u1 9 ,luke ix4 #ea3 ,greek3 eg5eto de t sumplr\/hai tas hm]as ts analpses aut\1 kai autos to prospon aut\ e/rixe t\ poreue/hai eis h,ierousalm4 ,v]4 #h4 ,he is ne> t ju/ifie? me2 :o w cont5d ) "o8 ,let u /& toge!r2 :o has a "r ^u me1 let him come ne> me4 ,9 ! confid5ce & assurance ( ,*ri/1 ,8 r$eem$ ones1 too1 p>take1--^? t he> ! voice ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 v]4 #aj1 comp4 ,rom4 viii4 #cc1 #cd1 :]e ?is & ! ,pg #bed foll[+ v]se are int5tionally allud$ to4 ,! ju/ification is "o by de$s4 ,x took place & 0 fulfill$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 9 ! resurrection & glorification ( ,*ri/1 &1 !n1 9 ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4--,hebrew3 bel mwp,ti lit]ally1 ! ma/] ( my "r1 i4e41 he :o accord+ to 8 op9ion or ass]tion :i*1 by ! issue is prov$ to be false1 has a "r ov] me1 comp4 ! ,greek3 en emoi ouk e*ei oud5 :i*1 9 ,john xiv4 #cj1 ! ,"l says 9 ref]5ce to ! *ief ( ,8 enemies4 ,v]4 #i4 ,behold ! ,"l ,jehovah w help me2 :o is he t %all condemn me8 ,lo1 !y %all wax old z a g>m5t1 ! mo? %all eat !m4 ,t :i* is said h]e9 ref]5ce to ! enemies ( ,*ri/ is1 9 *ap4 li4 #h1 ) a ref]5ce to our passage1 said ( ! oppon5ts ( ^? :o "k righte\sness1 & 9 ^: he>t is ! law3 ,! mo? %all eat !m up l a g>m5t4 ,enmity to ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur* is1 to ^? :o ent]ta9 x1 a prophecy ( sure de/ruction4 ,! words3 ,! mo? %all eat !m1 are f>!r exp&$ 9 v]4 #aa1 :]e x is describ$ h[ ! p :o v5tur$ to condemn ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 become a prey to de/ruction4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god closes ) a d\ble address2 fir/1 to ! godly2 & !n1 to ! ungodly4 ,v]4 #aj4 ,:o is among y t fe>e? ! ,"l1 t obeye? ! ^w ( ,8 ,s]vant8 ,:5 he walke? 9 d>kness1 9 :i* !re is no light to him1 let him tru/ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 & /ay ^u 8 ,god4 ,f ! words3 ,( m9e h&1 9 v]4 #aa1 x appe>s t ! ,s]vant ( ,god is cont9u+ ! disc\rse4 ,h5ce ! voice ( ,8 ,s]vant1 q4d41 ! voice ( me :o am ,8 ,s]vant4 ,by ! words3 ,among y1 ! address is direct$ to ! :ole ( ! p4 ,9 ?is two p>ties are di/+ui%$4 ,! fir/ is =m$ by ^? :o fe> ! ,"l1 & obey ! voice ( ,8 ,s]vant4 ,bo? ( ^! ?+s appe> z indissolubly connect$4 ,! fe> ( ,god mu/ necess>ily prove itself 9 ?is1 t ,he :om ,he has s5t is obey$4 ,x is a m]e imag9ation on ! "p ( ! p to ?9k t !y c fe> ,god )\t obey+ ! voice ( ,8 ,s]vant2 comp4 ,john v4 #bc4 ,!re is 9 ?is an allusion to ! emphatic ,unto him ye %all he>k51 :i*1 9 ,deut4 xviii4 #ae1 _h be5 said 9 ref]5ce to ! ,prophet4 ,pg #bee ,f v]4 #aa x appe>s t ! d>kness 9 :i* ^? walk :o fe> ! ,"l1 is n to be und]/ood ( p]sonal individual calamity :i* befals ?is or t godly "o1 nor ( ! suff]+s :i* happ5 to ! pi\s godly p>ty1 9 contra/ to ! ungodly wick$1 b r t we h be=e u ! =esight ( a d>k p]iod ( suff]+s :i*1 aft] ! appe>ance ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 %all be inflict$ ^u ! :ole p2 s t bo? ( ! p>ties1--t devot$ to ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 & t oppos$ to ,him1--are !reby affect$1 b ) a diff]5t issue4 ,= 9 v]4 #aa1 x is describ$ h[ ! ungodly1 :o likewise walk 9 d>kness1 endeav\r to light up _! d>kness by a fire :i* !y h k9dl$1 b d s to _! own de/ruction4 ,beh9d ! exhortation3 ,let him tru/ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 & /ay ^u 8 ,god1 !re is conceal$ ! promise3 he may tru/1 8 d>kness %all be *ang$ into light1 8 sorr[ into joy4 ,:5 ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem approa*$1 ! cry came to believ+ ,israel3 ,lift up y\r heads1 = y\r r$emption drawe? nigh1 ,luke xxi4 #bh4 ,9 ! de/ruction ( apo/ate ,israel1 n obey+ ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 b p]secut+ ,8 fai?ful ones1 !y beheld ! beg9n+ ( ! victory ( ! true p ( ,god ov] ! _w4 ,v]4 #aa4 ,behold all ye t k9dle a fire1 t gird sp>ks1--walk 9 ! light ( y\r fire1 & 9 ! sp>ks t ye h k9dl$4 ,f m9e h& is ?is to y2 ye %all lie d[n 9 pa94 ,! image begun 9 ! prec$+ v]se is cont9u$4 ,! pi\s walk 9 confid5ce & pati5ce ?r\gh ! lightless d>kness1 until ! ,"l k9dles a light to !m4 ,^? :o d n he> ! ,"l1 :o d n obey ! voice ( ,8 ,s]vant1 k9dle a fire :i* is to light up _! d>kness2 b in/ead ( t1 !y are consum$ by ! fire4 ,?us ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 :o br+s ?is de/ruction ^u !m1 obta9s ,8 "r ^u !m4--,! fire is (t5 9 ,scripture ! fire ( w>1 *ap4 ix4 #ah2 ,j]4 li4 #e2 ,rev4 viii4 #g-aj4 ,accord+ to sev]al int]pret]s 7,hitzig1 ,ewald1 ,knobel71 x is assum$ t ! disc\rse is "h n ( self-assi/ance by rebellion1 b ( ! attacks ( ! wick$ ^u ! godly1 & ( ! de/ruction1 into :i* ^! attacks turn out = _! au?ors4 ,b ?is view is oppos$ by ! circum/ance t ! d>kness ,pg #bef is common to bo? p>ties2 h5ce1 x mu/ come f "s o!r qu>t]4 ,! fire :i* ! wick$ k9dle is de/9$ to enlight5 ! d>kness 9 :i* !y also are1 :i* is especially evid5t f ! words3 ,walk 9 ! light ( y\r fire4 ,!y n[ h a light :i* enlight5s _! d>kness2 b ?is self-creat$ light consumes !m4--,to gird /&s =1 to surr\nd "o's self ) a girdle1 to put on a girdle4 ,9 sub/ance x is equival5t to provide "o's self ) x4--,! ,greek3 hapax legom5on ,hebrew3 ziqvt _c ) c]ta9ty be expla9$ f ! dialects4 ,! connection & p>allelism are 9 fav\r ( ! signification sp>ks1 flames1 :i* is f\nd z e>ly z 9 ! ,septuag9t 7 ,greek3 phloga71 & ,vulg4 7flammas74 ,9 ,syriac ,hebrew3 ziqa has ! signification lightn+4 ,^? :o expla9 x by fi]y d>ts are n at lib]ty to ref] x to ! ,hebrew3 zqi,m 9 ,prov4 xxvi4 #ah4 ,! signification flames 7n sp>ks1 z ,/i] holds71 is1 9 t passage1 q suitable2 simple arr[s c\ld !re n be m5tion$ aft] ! fi]y d>ts )\t mak+ ! disc\rse feeble4--,hebrew3 lki walk ye1 is equival5t to3 ye %all walk1 yet ) an intimation ( ! fact t ?is result1 z we are imm$iately aft]w>ds expressly told1 proce$s f ! speak]3 sic volo1 sic jubeo4 ,! words3 ,f m9e h& is ?is to y1 are1 by ^? :o make ! ,prophet ! subject ( ?is pr$iction1 suppos$ to be spok5 by ,jehovah4 ,b ?r\gh\t ! :ole section1 ! ,"l is always only spok5 (1 & nev] appe>s z speak+4 ,! words are 9 h>mony ) ! exalt$ dignity :i*1 else:]e also1 is attribut$ by ! ,prophet to ! ,s]vant ( ,god :o plants ! heav5s1 & lays ! f\ndation ( ! e>?1 *ap4 li4 #af2 ^: m\? ! ,"l makes l a %>p sword1 *ap4 xlix4 #b2 :o is ! p]sonal salvation1 ! ,savi\r = ! :ole e>?1 *ap4 xlix4 #f2 & ! embodi$ ,cov5ant = ! cov5ant-p1 *aps4 xlii4 #f2 xlix4 #h4 ,! la/ passages1 especially1 are ( no small importance4 ,! sav+ & judg+ activity g h& 9 h&1 & _c be sep>at$4 ,we h "h ?us ! ,old ,te/am5t beg9n+s & prep>ation = ! doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t ! ,fa!r has giv5 all judgm5t to ! ,son1 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god1 9 ! highe/ s5se1 is ,"l & judge ( ! fell[ s]vants4--,! ,hebrew3 l 9 ,hebrew3 lmecbh s]ves = designat+ ! condition3 s t y belong to pa91 ,hebrew3 wkb occurs 9 ,pg #beg *ap4 xliii4 #ag ( ! ,egyptians ly+ d[n2 comp4 ,ps4 xli4 #i3 ,he t lie? %all rise up no m4 ,9 ! ann\ncem5t t ,israel's attempt to help !mselves w\ld turn out to _! de/ruction1 ! ,song ( ,solomon1 9 *ap4 iii4 #a-c2 v4 #g1 has prec$$ our ,prophet3 ,! daught] ( ,zion1 9 h] re/lessness1 endeav\rs to br+ ab\t1 by worldly1 rebelli\s do+s1 ! ,messianic salvation4 ,x is 9 va92 :at %e is seek+ %e does n f9d1 b ! heav5ly wat*m5 f9d h]4 ,,*apt] ,,li4 #a-af4 ,v]4 #a4 ,& ,i put my words 9 ?y m\?1 & cov] !e 9 ! %ad[ ( m9e h&1 t ?\ maye/ plant ! heav5 & lay ! f\ndation ( ! e>?1 & say unto ,zion3 ,?\ art my p4 ,! disc\rse 9 *ap4 li4 to lii4 #ab is n address$ to ! :ole ( ,israel1 b to ! election4 ,!y are1 9 *ap4 li4 #a1 call$ ^? t foll[ aft] righte\sness1 t seek ! ,"l2 9 v]4 #g1 ^? :o "k righte\sness1 9 ^: he>t is ! law ( ! ,"l4 ,^! ! ,prophet seeks to com=t & /r5g!n by po9t+ to ! future glori\s m]cies ( ! ,"l4 ,! ,section *ap4 li4 #d-h com=ts ! elect by ! com+ ( ! salvation1 by ! dom9ion ( ! p ( ,god ov] ! :ole _w2 po9ts to ! f\ndation ( ^! successes1 viz41 ! et]nity ( ! salvation & righte\sness = ! ,*ur*2 & exhorts !m t1 hav+ ?is et]nal salvation be=e !m1 !y might pati5tly be> ! temporal reproa* ( ! _w giv5 ov] to de/ruction4 ,9 v]s4 #i-aa1 ! ,*ur* calls ^u ! ,"l to d z ,he _h promis$2 & ?is pray]1 f\nd$ ^u ,8 almighty love1 :i* 9 times pa/ _h s glori\sly manife/$ itself1 passes ov]1 at ! close1 into hope & confid5ce4 ,9 v]s4 #ab-af foll[s ! answ] ( ! ,"l1 :o exhorts ! ,*ur* to be /$fa/1 by rem9d+ h] t h] oppon5ts are weak mortals1 :ile ! omnipot5t ,god is h] protector2 & ann\nces t1 ) ! same omnipot5ce :i* ,he manife/s 9 nature1 ,he w\ld soon br+ ab\t h] deliv]ance1 ,pg #beh & t ,ho w\ld d s by ,8 ,s]vant1 9 :om all ,8 promises %\ld be ,yea & ,am51 & :om at ! close ,ho addresses1 committ+ to ,him ! "w ( r$emption4 ,accord+ to ! curr5t op9ion1 ! disc\rse 9 v]4 #af is address$ to ! p4 ,b1 9 t case1 we mu/ also make up our m9ds to view ! ,inf9itive ) ,hebrew3 l a ,g]und1 plant+1 or by plant+1--a supposition :i* is beset ) great difficulties4 ,x 0 only by an inconsi/5cy t ,/i]1 :o1 9 *ap4 xlix4 rejects ?is view1 c\ld "h agree to x4 ,&1 f>!r1 x is obvi\s t ! words at ! close3 ,?\ art my p1 are ! words :i*1 accord+ to ! comm5cem5t ( ! v]se1 are put into ! m\? ( ! speak]1 & t h5ce1 ! plant+ ( heav5 & e>?1 :i* prep>es = ?is speak+1 belongs to ,him4 ,if ?is be n suppos$1 "o does n at all see to :at !3 ,i put my words 9 ?y m\?1 is to ref]4 ,:at f>!r militates aga9/ ?is explanation is ! unmi/akable relation ( ! passage be=e u to *aps4 xlix41 l41 :i* x is impossible to ref] to ! p4 ,! same reason is also aga9/ ! supposition ( ,ges5ius & ,umbreit1 t ! disc\rse is address$ to ! prophetical ord]4 ,nor is x def5sible to expla93 to plant ! heav5 & lay ! f\ndation ( ! e>?1 by3 to e/abli% ! new /ate ( ,israel4 ,to ^! argum5ts x may be add$ t1 accord+ to ?is explanation1 ! words3 ,?\ art my p1 are unsuitable2 = ,israel 0 n ! p ( ! ,prophet1 b ! p ( ,god & ( ,8 ,s]vant4 ,! disc\rse is address$ r to ! ,messiah1 comp>e ! p>allel passages1 *ap4 xlix41 especially v]4 #b1 & *ap4 l41 especially v]s4 #d & #e4 ,consid]+ ! dramatic "* ( ! :ole section1 ! *ange ( ! p]son address$ is a circum/ance ( v little importance2 & *ap4 lix4 #ba1 :]e ! ^w ( ,god is put into ! m\? ( ,jacob1 is p>allel 9 appe>ance only4 ,ev5 a priori we c\ld n expect t1 9 ?is context1 treat+1 z x does1 ( ! p]sonal ,messiah1 ! :ole section1 *ap4 li4 #a to lii4 #ab1 %\ld lack all ref]5ce to ! ,messiah4 ,by ! words3 ,i put my ^w 9 ?y m\?1 ! ,messiah is appo9t$ to be1 9 ! highe/ s5se1 ! speak] ( ,god2 ! realization ( ! div9e c\nsels is committ$ to ,him4 ,= ! fact t x is n m]e words :i* are "h treat$ (1 b su* z are liv+ ,pg #bei & p[]ful1 l ^? :i* ,god spoke at ! creation1 becomes evid5t by ! circum/ance t ! plant+ ( heav5 & e>? is attribut$ to ! ,s]vant ( ,god z be>] ( ,8 words1--a ?+ :i* _c be done by ! ord9>y ^w2 comp4 ,isa4 xl4 #d1 accord+ to :i* ! ,messiah smites ! e>? ) ! rod ( ,8 m\?1 & slays ! wick$ ) ! brea? ( ,8 lips4--,i cov] !e 9 ! %ad[ ( m9e h&1 designates ! div9e protection & provid5ce :i* are indisp5sable 9 ord] t ! ,s]vant ( ,god may fulfil ,8 vocation to be ,god's speak]4 ,! words =m an accessory ?\ght only3 ,i appo9t !e my speak] :om1 z su*1 ,i w keep & protect 9 ord] t ?\1 etc42--= t :i* foll[s is t :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god is to p]=m z ,8 ,speak]4 ,by ! ^w ( ,omnipot5ce committ$ to ,him1 ,he plants a new heav51 & lays ! f\ndation ( a new e>?1 & inve/s ,zion ) ! dignity ( ! p ( ,god4--,to plant ! heav5 & lay ! f\ndation ( ! e>?1 is equival5t to f\nd+ a new heav51 a new e>?2 comp4 *aps4 lxv4 #ag1 lxvi4 #bb2 ,rev4 xxii4 ,=1 z long z ! old heav5 & ! old e>? exi/1 a plant+ & f\nd+ activity _c take place 9 ref]5ce to heav5 & e>?4 ,all t is creat$1 9 s f> z x opposes ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 is unfit = be+ an abode ( ! glorifi$ ,k+dom ( ,god1 & mu/ be %ak5 & brok5 to pieces1 9 ord] t ?is ,k+dom may ent] into its natural conditions1 & f9d a wor?y abode4 ,! activity ( ,god & ,8 ,s]vant1 necess>y = ?is purpose1 w mo/ completely take place at ! end ( days1 at ! ,greek3 pal+5esia ann\nc$ by ! ,"l1 ,matt4 xix4 #bh2 comp>e :at is said 9 *ap4 xi41 9 ref]5ce to ! entire *ange ( ! conditions ( ! e>?4 ,b 9 a prep>atory mann]1 ?is activity p]vades all hi/ory4 ,! heav51 accord+ to ! usus loqu5di ( ,scripture1 & also ( ,isaiah1 is n only ! natural heav51 b also ! heav5 ( pr9ces1 ! :ole ord] ( rul]s & magi/rates1 7comp4 my rem>ks on ,rev4 vi4 #ac71 ^: =m & relation to ! ,k+dom ( ,god und]w5t a great *ange1 ev5 at ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,*ri/4--,! say+1 accord+ to ! prec$+3 ,t ?\ maye/ plant1 c41 is n to be ref]r$ to ! m]e ann\nc+2 b1 accord+ to ! frequ5t usus loqu5di1 x includes ! p]=m+ also1 j z e4g41 9 v]4 #ab1 ! ,pg #bfj com=t+ is effect$ by a disc\rse 9 de$s4 ,! di/9ction betwe51 & sep>ation ( ^w & de$ belongs to human weakness4 ,god speaks & x is done2 & :at holds true ( ,8 ^w1 applies also to ! ^w ( ,8 ,s]vant1 :i* he has put into ,8 m\?4 ,,*apt]s ,,lii4 #ac-,,liii4 #ab4 ,?is section =ms ! climax ( ! prophecies ( ,isaiah1 ( prophetism 9 g5]al1 ( ! :ole ,old ,te/am5t1 z appe>s ev5 f ! circum/ance t ! ,"l & ,8 ,apo/les ref] to no "p ( ! ,old ,te/am5t s frequ5tly & s emphatically z to ?is1--a section :i*1 accord+ to ,lu!r's dem&1 e ,*ri/ian %\ld h committ$ v]batim4 ,*ri/ is "h1 ) wond]ful cle>ness1 describ$ to u 9 ,8 highe/ "w--,8 aton+ suff]+4 ,9 v]s4 #ac-ae ( *ap4 lii4 ,jehovah speaks4 ,^! v]ses conta9 a %ort summ>y ( :at is enl>g$ ^u 9 *ap4 liii4 ,! v deepe/ humiliation ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god %all be foll[$ by ,8 highe/ glorification4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! salvation wr\ght out & accompli%$ by ,him1 ! nations ( ! e>? & _! k+s %all rev]5tly submit to ,him4 ,9 *ap4 liii4 #a-aj1 ! ,prophet utt]s ! s5tim5ts ( ! elect 9 ,israel4 ,at fir/1 9 ,8 humiliation1 !y _h n recogniz$ ! ,r$eem]2 b n[ !y ackn[l$g$ ,him z _! ,r$eem] & ,savi\r1 & saw t ,he _h tak5 ^u ,him ,8 suff]+s = our salvation1 & t !y _h a vic>i\s "*4 ,! comm5cem5t =ms1 9 v]4 #a1 ! lam5tation t s _m d n believe 9 ! report ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 t s _m d n behold ! glory ( ,god manife/$ 9 ,him4 ,9 v]s4 #b & #c1 we h ! cause ( ?is fact1 viz41 ! appe>ance ( ! ,div9e1 9 ! =m ( a ,s]vant--! (f5ce ( ! cross4 ,9 l[l9ess1 )\t any outw>d spl5d\r1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god %all g ab\t4 ,suff]+s1 heavi] ?an ev] befel any man1 %all be inflict$ ^u ,him4 ,9 v]s4 #d-f1 ! vic>i\s import ( ^! suff]+s is po9t$ out4 ,! p1 see+ 8 suff]+s1 ,pg #bfa & n kn[+ ! cause ( !m1 imag9$ t !y 7 ! well-m]it$ puni%m5t ( ,8 own transgressions & iniquities4 ,b ! ,*ur*1 n[ br\ght to believe 9 ,him1 see t !y 7 wrong 9 imag9+ ?us4 ,x 0 n ,8 own transgressions & iniquities :i* 7 puni%$ 9 ,him1 b ours4 ,8 suff]+s 7 volunt>ily und]gone by ,him1 & = ! salvation ( mank9d1 :i* else w\ld h be5 giv5 up to de/ruction4 ,god himself 0 anxi\s to re-unite to himself ^? :o 7 sep>at$ f ,him1 & :o walk$ 9 _! own ways4 ,to ! vic>i\s import ( ! suff]+s ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god corresponds1 accord+ to v]4 #g1 ,8 conduct3 ,he suff]s quietly & pati5tly4 ,9 v]s4 #h-aj we h ! rew>d :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god receives = ,8 passive ob$i5ce4 ,god takes ,him to himself1 & ,he receives an unspeakably great g5]ation1 v]4 #h1 ! om9\s burial ) ! ri*1 v]4 #i1 num]\s se$ & long life1 & t ! pleasure ( ! ,"l %all prosp] 9 ,8 h&2 v]4 #aj4 ,9 v]s4 #aa & #ab1 ! ,"l aga9 appe>s z speak+1 & confirms t :i* has be5 decl>$ by ! fai?ful ,*ur*4 ,! two v]ses ( ! close1 toge!r ) ! exordium1 *ap4 lii4 #ac-ae1 occupy five v]ses--five be+ ! signature ( ! half & incomplete4 ,! ma9 body1 t5 v]ses1 is divid$ into sev5 ref]r+ to ! humiliation & suff]+1 & ?ree ref]r+ to ! exaltation ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,! sev5 are1 z usual1 divid$ into ?ree & f\r4 ,9 ! ?ree v]ses1 ! suff]+ ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god is exhibit$2 9 ! f\r1 its cause & vic>i\s import4 ,by ! ,behold1 ) :i* ! prophecy op5s1 ! ,prophet intimates t we h "h be=e u a vision beheld by him 9 ! _s4 ,z ! p]iod 9 :i* ! ,prophet beholds ! vision1 we h to suppose ! "t betwe5 ! suff]+ & ! glorification ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,! glorification is describ$ *iefly by ,futures1 ! suff]+ by ,pret]ites2 b1 f ! fact t ?is /&-po9t is n /rictly adh]$ to1 x is evid5t t we h to d ) a /&-po9t :i* is purely ideal4 ,! section =ms1 9 a =mal & mat]ial po9t ( view1 a :ole by itself2 b1 not)/&+ its absolute indep5d5ce1 x mu/ /& 9 a c]ta9 connection ) :at prec$es & :at foll[s4 ,let u1 !re=e1 n[ consid] ! relation ,pg #bfb 9 :i* x /&s to ! portions surr\nd+ x4 ,its relation to :at goes be=e is ?us /rik+ly designat$ by ,calv93 ,aft] ,isaiah _h spok5 ( ! re/oration ( ! ,*ur*1 he passes ov] to ,*ri/1 9 :om all ?+s are ga!r$ toge!r4 ,he speaks ( ! prosp]\s success ( ! ,*ur*1 at a "t :5 x 0 lea/ to be expect$1 :i* calls !m back to _! ,k+1 by :om all ?+s are to be re/or$1 & exhorts !m to expect ,him4 ,! prec$+ section beg9s ) *ap4 li4 #a4 ,we h already /at$ ! cont5ts up to li4 #af4 ,v]s4 #ag-bc are closely connect$ ) ! prec$+1 9 :i* salvation & m]cy 7 ann\nc$ to ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,?is ann\ncem5t is "h cont9u$ 9 new =ms4 ,*ap4 lii4 #a-f3 ,z ! ,"l _h =m]ly deliv]$ ,8 p out ( ! h& ( ,egypt & ,as%ur1 s1 n[ too1 ,he w deliv] !m4 ,zion appe>s "u ! image ( a woman imprison$1 fett]$1 ly+ p[]lessly 9 a mis]able g>m5t1 on a dirty floor1 & is call$ ^u to arise1 to /r5g!n h]self1 to ?r[ (f h] b&s1 to put on fe/ive g>m5ts1 inasmu* z ! "t ( h] deliv]ance f ! mis]y is at h&4 ,v]s4 #g-aj3 ,9 ! la/ words ( v]4 #f1 ! ,"l _h ann\nc$ t ,he 0 already at h& = ! r$emption ( ,8 ,*ur*4 ,?is salvation n[ pres5ts itself vividly to ! spiritual eye ( ! ,prophet1 & is graphically describ$ by him4 ,he beholds a mess5g] ha/5+ ) ! glad tid+s to ,j]usalem2 wat*m51 :o are /&+ on ! ru9s ( ,j]usalem 9 long+ expectation1 discov] him at a di/ance1 & exult+ly call ^u ! ru9s to %\t al\d = joy4#a ,h[ beautiful--s v]se #g runs--^u ! m\nta9s ! feet ( ! ,mess5g] ( joy1 t ann\nce? peace1 t br+e? good tid+s1 t publi%e? salvation1 t sai? unto ,zion3 ,?y ,god reigne?4 ,9 ,rom4 x4 #ae1 ! ,apo/le ref]s ?is passage to ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel4 ,t is m ?an m]e application2 x is real explanation4 ,! deliv]ance f ,babylon is only ! fir/ fa9t beg9n+ ( ! salvation1 :i* ! ,prophet has be=e 8 eye 9 its ,pg #bfc :ole ext5t4 ,z ! sub/ance ( ! salvation1 ! circum/ance t ,zion's ,god reigne?1 is intimat$4 ,!re is1 9 ?is1 an allusion to ! =mula :i* 0 us$ 9 proclaim+ ! asc5sion ( e>?ly k+s to ! ?rone4 ,ev5 ?is allusion %[s t ! po9t "h 9 "q is n ! cont9u\s gov]nm5t ( ! ,"l1 b a new1 glori\s manife/ation ( ,8 gov]nm5t1 z x 7 a new asc5sion to ! ?rone4 ,?is ! ,"l reigne?1 f\nd a fa9t beg9n+ only ( its confirmation & fulfilm5t 9 ! de/ruction ( ,babylon1 & ! deliv]ance ( ,israel2 b z to its full import1 x is ,messianic4 ,9 ,*ri/1 ! ,"l has truly assum$ ! gov]nm5t1 & w /ill m glori\sly reign 9 future4--,v]4 #h3 ,! voice ( ?y wat*m56 !y lift up ! voice1 !y %\t toge!r2 = !y see eye to eye t ! ,"l returne? to ,zion4 ,! wat*m5 are ideal p]sons1 repres5tatives ( ! tru? t ! ,"l is ar\nd ,8 p1 & t ! circum/ances ( ,8 ,*ur* are to ,him a con/ant call to help2 or !y may be view$ z ! holy angels :o1 z ! s]vants ( ! wat*m5 ( ,israel1 =m ! protect+ p[] = ! ,*ur*4 ,^! wat*m5 cont9ue to /& ev5 on ! de/roy$ walls2 =1 ev5 9 h] mis]y1 ! ,"l is ,zion's ,god4 ,! anxi\s wait+ eye ( ! wat*m51 & ! m]cy-beam+ eye ( ,god return+ to ,zion meet "o ano!r4 ,! return+ "h is oppos$ to ! =sak+1 ov] :i* ,zion _h lam5t$ 9 *ap4 xlix4 #ad4 ,in/ead ( ! conceal$ pres5ce ( ! ,"l dur+ ! mis]y1 :i*1 to ! feel+1 s easily appe>s z entire abs5ce1 !re comes ! pres5ce ( ,god manife/$ 9 ! salvation4 ,?is return ( ! ,"l to ,zion truly took place 9 ,*ri/ only1 ,luke i4 #fh4--,v]4 #i3 ,break =? into joy1 %\t toge!r1 ye ru9s ( ,j]usalem1 = ! ,"l com=te? ,j]usalem1 r$eeme? ,8 p4 ,?is call goes f> beyond ! "t ( ! re/oration ( ,j]usalem aft] ! exile2 =1 ev5 at t "t1 ! spiritual eye /ill beheld ru9s1 :]e ! bodily eye saw firm1 wall$ build+s4 ,! condition ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god 0 /ill mis]able1 ! eye ( ! fai?ful rema9$ /ill fix$1 ) hopes & long+s1 ^u ! ,future :i* 0 to br+1 & has br\ght1 true com=t & consolation4--,v]4 #aj3 ,! ,"l make? b>e ,8 ,holy arm 9 ! eyes ( all ! nations1 & all ! ends ( ! e>? see ! salvation ( our ,god4 ,! mak+ b>e ( ! arm ( ! ,"l designates ! manife/ation1 by de$s1 ( ,pg #bfd ! div9e p[] & glory1 su* z took place by ! s5d+ ( ,*ri/1 & by ! wond]ful elevation ( ! ,*ur* ov] ! _w1--an elevation :i* has x roots 9 ,him2 comp4 *ap4 liii4 #a4 ,9 v]s4 #aa & #ab !re is /ill ! exhortation to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,"l t1 by true rep5tance1 %e %\ld wor?ily prep>e = ! imp5d+ salvation4 ,aft] ! ,prophet has1 9 *ap4 li4 #a to lii4 #ab1 describ$ ! transition ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god f humiliation & sorr[ to glorification1 x is q natural t he %\ld n[ turn f ! memb]s to ! ,head1 ?r\gh ^: m$iation ?is transition 0 to be accompli%$1 aft] ! same contra/ _h be5 exhibit$ 9 ,himself ,!re is ! mo/ intimate connection betwe5 ! ,*ur* ( ,god & ,8 ,s]vant2 =1 all t ,he does & suff]s4 ,he does & suff]s = h]2 & all t befals h] is prefigur$ by ! way 9 :i* ,he has be5 l$ by ! ,"l4 ,) :at foll[s1 too1 ! section be=e u /&s 9 a close relation4 ,! glorification ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god describ$ at ! close ( *ap4 liii41 is1 9 ,him1 be/[$ at ! same "t1 ^u ! ,*ur*4 ,?us *ap4 liv41 9 :i* ! ,*ur* is com=t$ by po9t+ to h] future glorification1 is connect$ ) ! prec$+4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,"l appe>s "h z a woman :o1 aft] hav+ be5 put away by h] husb&1 & aft] hav+1 = a long "t1 liv$ 9 a *ildless1 sorr[ful solitude1 is aga9 receiv$ by him1 & sees h]self surr\nd$ by num]\s *ildr54 ,! "t ( puni%m5t is n[ at an end1 & ! "t ( m]cy is break+4 ,*ap4 lii4 #ac4 ,behold1 my ,s]vant %all act wisely1 ,he %all be exalt$ & extoll$1 & be v high4 ,hebrew3 hwkil always means to act wisely 7,,lxx4 ,greek3 sunsei2 ,aquil4 ,sym43 ,greek3 epi/hmoni/hsetai71 nev] to be successful 7! ,*aldean1 :om mo/ ( ! mod]n int]pret]s foll[1 r5d]s x by ,hebrew3 icl,h71 & ?is asc]ta9$ s5se 7comp4 ,rem>ks on ,j]4 iii4 #ae2 xxiii4 #e1 :]e ! v]b is us$ ( ! ,messiah1 j z x is "h71 mu/ "h be ma9ta9$ s mu* ! m1 t our passage evid5tly ref]s to ,david1 ! =m] s]vant ( ,god4 ,( him x is said 9 #a ,sam4 xviii4 #ad1 #ae3 ,& ,david 0 act+ wisely 9 all 8 ways1 & ! ,"l 0 ) him4 ,& ,saul saw t he 0 act+ v wisely1 & 0 afraid ( him2 comp4 #a ,k+s ii4 #c1 :]e ,david says to ,solomon3 ,& keep ! *>ge ( ! ,"l ?y ,god 444 9 ord] ,pg #bfe t ?\ maye/ act wisely 9 all t ?\ doe/1 & :i!rsoev] ?\ turne/ ?yself2 ,ps4 ci4 #b1 :]e ,david1 speak+ 9 ! "n ( 8 family1 says3 ,i w behave myself wisely 9 a p]fect way2 & #b ,k+s xviii4 #g1 :]e x is said ( ,hezekiah3 ,& ! ,"l 0 ) him1 & :i!rsoev] he w5t =?1 he act$ wisely4 ,accord+ to ^! fundam5tal & p>allel passages1 ! expression1 ,he %all act wisely ref]s to ! adm9i/ration ( gov]nm5t1 & is equival5t to3 ,he %all rule wisely l 8 ance/or ,david4 ,/i] is wrong 9 oppos+ ! view1 t ! ,messiah "h pres5ts himself z ,k+4 ,he says3 ,! ,k+ has "h /epp$ beh9d ! ,prophet1 ,witness1 ,m>tyr1 ,savi\r2 b 9 *ap4 liii4 #ab1 ! royal (fice surely comes out ) suffici5t di/9ctness4 ,we mu/ nev] =get t ! diff]5t (fices ( ,*ri/ are intimately connect$ ) "o ano!r by ! unity ( ! p]son4 ,! prosp]ity & success :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god enjoys1 are fir/ br\ght be=e u & detail$ 9 :at foll[s2 & appe>1 j z 9 ! fundam5tal passages quot$1 z ! consequ5ce ( act+ wisely3 ,my ,s]vant %all1 aft] hav+1 ?r\gh ! deepe/ humiliation1 atta9$ to dom9ion1 adm9i/] x well1 & !reby atta9 to ! highe/ glory4 ,to ! words3 ,he %all act wisely correspond1 aft]w>ds1 ! words3 ,! pleasure ( ! ,"l %all prosp] by ,8 h&1 *ap4 liii4 #aj4 ,! fact t a p]son acts wisely is1 9 a tw(old aspect1 a fruit ( 8 connection ) ,god3 fir/1 because ,god is ! s\rce & f\nta9 ( all wisdom1 &1 secondly1 because f ,god ! bless+ proce$s :i* always accompanies 8 do+s4 ,! ungodly is by ,god involv$ 9 circum/ances :i*1 not)/&+ all 8 wisdom1 make him appe> z a fool4 ,comp>e only *ap4 xix4 #aa3 ,! pr9ces ( ,zoan become fools1 ! c\nsel ( ! wise c\nsellors ( ,ph>aoh is become bruti%2 h[ c ye say unto ,ph>aoh3 a son ( ! wise am ,i1 a 7spiritual7 son ( ! 7wise7 k+s ( anci5t times8 comp4 v]4 #ac2 ,job xii4 #ag1 #bj2 ,eccles4 ix4 #aa4 ,9 ! second clause ! ,prophet puts toge!r ! v]bs :i* d5ote elevation1 & /ill adds ,hebrew3 mad v 9 ord] mo/ emphatically to po9t out ! glory ( ! exaltation ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,v]4 #ad4 ,z _m 7 %ock$ at !e--s m>r$ f man 0 ,8 look1 & ,8 =m f ! sons ( man--,v]4 #ae4 ,s %all ,he spr9kle _m nations2 k+s %all %ut _! ,pg #bff m\?s on acc\nt ( ,him1 = !y :o _h n be5 told1 !y see1 & !y :o did n he>1 !y p]ceive4 ,v]4 #ad conta9s ! protasis1 v]4 #ae ! apodosis4 ,! =m] describes ! deep humiliation1 ! latt] ! highe/ glorification ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,! s 9 v]4 #ad beg9s a p>5!sis1 9 :i* ! reason :y _m 7 %ock$ is /at$1 & :i* goes on to ! end ( ! v]se4 ,9 keep+ ) ! dramatic "* ( ! prophetic disc\rse1 ! ,"l addresses ,8 ,s]vant 9 v]4 #ad3 ,at !e2 :ile1 9 v]4 #ae1 ,he speaks ( ,him 9 ! ?ird p]son3 ,he %all spr9kle2 on acc\nt ( ,him ,?is *ange has be5 occasion$ by ! p>5!tical clause :i* conta9s a rem>k ( ! ,prophet1 & 9 :i*1 !re=e1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god c\ld n b be spok5 ( 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,hv]nick & ,/i] refuse to admit ! exi/5ce ( a p>5!sis4 ,_! reasons3 ,p>5!ses are commonly an ill-inv5t$ exp$i5t only1 &3 ,x is n likely t ! same p>ticle %\ld h a diff]5t signification 9 ^! two clauses foll[+ imm$iately ! "o ^u ! o!r1 are n entirely de/itute ( =ce1 b are f>-outweigh$ by c\nt]-argum5ts4 ,!y say t ! apodosis beg9s ) ! fir/ ,hebrew3 k,n1 & t 9 v]4 #ae a second apodosis foll[s4 ,b no tol]able ?\ght comes out 9 ?is way2--x is h>d to co-ord9ate two apodoses1--& ! transition f ! #b;d to ! #c;d p]son rema9s unacc\nt$ =4 ,hebrew3 wm,m to be desolat$ is !n transf]r$ to ! spiritual desolation & deva/ation1 & receives ! signification to be horrifi$1 to be %ock$4--,:o ! _m are t are %ock$ & (f5d$ at ! mis]able appe>ance ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 appe>s f *ap4 xlix4 #d1 accord+ to :i* ! opposition to ! ,s]vant ( ,god has its seat among ! cov5ant p2 f>!r1 f ! contra/ 9 v]4 #ae ( ! *apt] be=e u1 accord+ to :i* ! respectful surr5d] belongs to ! ,g5tiles2 & f>!r1 f *ap4 liii4 #a1 :]e ! unbelief ( ! =m] cov5ant-p is compla9$ (2 f v]s4 #b-d1 :]e ev5 ! believ]s f among ,israel compla9 t !y _h _h difficulty 9 surm\nt+ ! (f5ce ( ! ,cross4 ,hebrew3 mw,ht1 prop]ly corruption1 /&s "h z ab/ractum pro concreto1 9 ! signification1 corrupt$1 m>r$4 ,z to its =m1 x is 9 ! /atus con/ructus :i*1 9 close connections1 c /& ev5 ,pg #bfg be=e ,prepositions4 ,f ! correspond+ ,hebrew3 ,hdl aiwi,m 9 *ap4 liii4 #c1 x appe>s t ! ,preposition /&s "h only = ! sake ( di/9ctness1 & might z well h be5 omitt$4 ,! ,hebrew3 m,n s]ves = designat+ ! di/ance1 f man1 f ! sons ( m51 s t ,he is no m a man1 does no m belong to ! numb] ( ! sons ( m54 ,! correctness ( ?is explanation appe>s f *ap4 liii4 #c1 & ,ps4 xxii4 #g3 ,i am a worm & no man4 ,z reg>ds ! s5se ( ! :ole p>5!sis1 _m int]pret]s rem>k1 t we mu/ n /op at ! bodily disfiguration ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 b t ! expression mu/1 at ! same "t1 be und]/ood figuratively4 ,?us1 ,lu!r says3 ,! ,prophet does n speak ( ! =m ( ,*ri/ z to ,8 p]son1 b ( ! political & royal =m ( a ,rul]1 :o is to become an e>?ly ,k+1 & does n appe> 9 royal =m1 b z ! meane/ ( all s]vants2 s t no m despis$ man ?an ,he has be5 se5 9 ! _w4 ,b ! ,prophet evid5tly speaks1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ( ! bodily appe>ance only2 & we c ! less ?9k ( a figurative s5se1 t bodily disfiguration =ms ! climax ( mis]y1 & t1 9 ?is "p1 ! :ole ( ! mis]able condition is del9eat$4 ,ev5 ! sev]e inw>d suff]+s are a matt] ( c\rse1 if ! outw>d ones h ris5 to su* a pit*4 ,h[ bo? ( ^! g h& 9 h& is se5 f ,ps4 xxii4 ,^! int]pret]s are1 f>!r1 wrong 9 ?is respect1 t !y ref] ! pret5d$ figurative expression solely to ! l[l9ess & humility ( ! ,messiah1 & n1 at ! same "t1 to ,8 suff]+s also4 ,?us1 among ! anci5t int]pret]s1 x 0 view$ by ,j]ome3 ,! horrid appe>ance ( ,8 =m is n !reby indicat$1 b t ,he came 9 humility & pov]ty2 & among rec5t int]pret]s by ,m>t9i3 ,! s5se ( ! passage does n prop]ly ref] to ! de=mity ( ! face1 b to ! :ole ext]nal weak1 poor1 & humble condition4 ,b1 = t1 ! expression is by f> too /rong4 ,m]e l[l9ess is no object ( horror 7comp4 #a ,cor4 i4 #bc1 accord+ to :i* x is ! ,cross :i* (f5ds ! ,jews72 x does n produce a de=mity ( ! c\nt5ance2 x _c produce ! effect t ! ,s]vant ( ,god %\ld1 z x 71 cease to be a man4 ,all ?is sugge/s an unspeakable suff]+ ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 & t1 moreov]1 a suff]+ :i*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ,pg #bfh manife/$ itself ^u ,8 own holy body4 ,f>!r--,we mu/ also take into consid]ation t ! spr9kl+1 9 v]4 #ae1 has = its backgr\nd ! %$d+ ( blood1 & is ! fruit ( x1 at fir/ conceal$4 ,if any d\bt %\ld yet rema91 x w\ld be remov$ by ! subsequ5t detail$ repres5tation ( t :i* is "h giv5 9 outl9e m]ely4 ,! sole reason ( t n>r[ view is1 t int]pret]s did n und]/& ! fundam5tal relation ( ! section "u consid]ation to ! subsequ5t section2 t !y did n p]ceive t1 "h1 we h 9 a complete sket* :at !re is giv5 9 detail & expansion4--,v]4 #ae4 ,! v]b ,hebrew3 nzh occurs 9 v _m passages1 & signifies 9 ,hiphil1 ev]y:]e1 to spr9kle4 ,x is especially set ap>t & us$ = ! spr9kl+ ) ! blood ( atonem5t1 & ! wat] ( purification4 ,:5 ! ano9t$ prie/ _h s9n$1 he took ( ! blood ( ! sacrifice1 & spr9kl$ x be=e ! vail ( ! sanctu>y1 ,lev4 iv4 #f2 comp4 v4 #af1 #ag4 ,! high prie/ _h1 e ye>1 on ! great day ( atonem5t1 to spr9kle ! blood be=e ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 9 ord] to obta9 =giv5ess = ! p4 ,lev4 xvi4 #ad1 comp4 also v]s4 #ah1 #ai3 ,& he %all spr9kle ( ! blood ^u x 7! alt>7 ) 8 f+] sev5 times1 & cleanse x1 & hall[ x f ! uncleanness ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,9 ! same mann] ! v]b is us$ ( ! spr9kl+ ( blood ^u ! heal$ lep]1 ,lev4 xiv4 #g1 & frequ5tly4 ,accord+ to ,numb4 xix4 #ai1 ! clean p]son %all spr9kle ^u ! unclean1 on ! ?ird day1 & on ! sev5? day1 ) ! wat] 9 :i* are ! a%es ( ! r$ heif] :5 any "o has become unclean by t\*+ a dead body4 ,! outw>d mat]ial purification frequ5tly s]ves 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t to d5ote ! spiritual purification4 ,?us1 e4g41 9 ,ps4 i4 #i3 ,purge me ) hyssop1 & ,i %all be clean2 ,ezek4 xxxvi4 #be3 ,& ,i spr9kle clean wat] ^u y1 & y %all be clean f all y\r fil?9ess4 ,9 all ^? passages !re lies1 ev]y:]e1 at ! f\ndation an allusion to ! ,levitical purifications 7! two la/ quot$ especially ref] to ,numb4 xix472 & ?is allusion is by no means s to be und]/ood1 z if he :o makes ! allusion 7 draw+ ! mat]ial into ! spiritual sph]e4 ,on ! contr>y1 he uses z a figure t :i* is1 9 ! law1 us$ symbolically4 ,all ! laws ( purification 9 ! ,p5tateu* ,pg #bfi h a symbolical & typical "*4 ,t :i* 0 done to ! outw>d impurity 01 9 po9t ( fact1 done to ! s9 :i* ! p ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 well v]s$ 9 ! symbolical language1 beheld "u its image4 ,h5ce1 "h also1 ! spr9kl+ has ! signification ( cleans+ f s94 ,! expression indicates t ,*ri/ is ! true ,high ,prie/1 to :om ! ord9>y prie/hood ) its spr9kl+s typically po9t$4 ,! expression is a summ>y ( t :i*1 9 ! foll[+ *apt]1 we are told reg>d+ ! expiation ?r\gh ! suff]+ & dea? ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,! words3 ,:5 ,8 s\l make? a s9-(f]+1 9 v]4 #aj1 &3 ,he %all ju/ify1 9 v]4 #aa1 correspond4 ,among ! anci5t expositors1 ?is translation is foll[$ by ! ,syriac & ,vulgate1 ! asp]get ( :i* ,j]ome ?us expla9s3 ,he %all spr9kle _m nations1 cleans+ !m by ,8 blood1 & 9 baptism consecrat+ !m to ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x is allud$ to 9 sev]al passages4 ,?us1 9 #a ,pet4 i4 #b1 :]e ! ,apo/le speaks ( ! ,greek3 rhantismos haimatos ,is\ ,*ri/\4 ,f>!r1 9 ,heb4 x4 #bb3 ,greek3 erhrantism5oi tas k>dias apo suneidses ponras2 xii4 #bd3 ,greek3 kai haimati rhantism\ kreitton lal\nti p>a ton ,abel1 & also 9 *ap4 ix4 #ac1 #ad4 ,among ,*ri/ian int]pret]s1 ?is view 0 always ! prevail+ "o1 0 inde$ ! view held by ! ,*ur*4 ,s*rd] obs]v4 ad orig94 ,hebr4 c4 viii4 #aj1 rais$ "s objections :i* 7 eag]ly laid hold (1 & increas$ by ! rationali/ic int]pret]s4 ,ev5 "s s\nd or?odox expositors all[$ !mselves to be !reby dazzl$4 ,/i] decl>es t1 = ?is "t1 he mu/ take ! "p ( mod]n ,exegesis aga9/ ! prevail+ tradition ( ! ,*ur*4 ,yet 8 disreli% = ! doctr9e ( ! atonem5t held by ! ,*ur* has no d\bt ex]cis$ a consid]able influ5ce 9 ?is matt]2 & ,h(mann1 too1 9 s decid$ly reject+ ?is explanation1 :i* re/s on su* /rong argum5ts1 & is n t\*$ by any weighty c\nt]-argum5ts1 seems n to h be5 guid$ by exegetical reasons only4 ,b let u submit ^! objections to a clos] exam9ation4 #a4 ,! v]b ought n to be con/ru$ ) ! ,accusative ( ! ?+ to be spr9kl$1 b ) ,hebrew3 el4 ,re9ke 79 8 ,monograph on ,is4 liii47 br+s =w>d1 aga9/ ?is objection1 ! passage ,lev4 iv4 #af1 #ag2 b he is wrong 9 ?is1 inasmu* z ,hebrew3 at is !re n ! ,pg #bgj sign ( ! ,accusative1 b a ,preposition4 ,hebrew3 at pni 9 ! signification be=e1 is1 else:]e also1 v frequ5tly us$4 ,b ev5 ,ges5ius is compell$ to agree ) ,simonis4#b & to ackn[l$ge t1 9 ! prop] "n ,hebrew3 izih ! v]b is connect$ ) an ,accusative4 ,! deviation is !re /ill great]1 inasmu* z ! ,kal is1 at ! same "t1 us$ transitively4 ,b ev5 ap>t f t1 su* a deviation _c appe> /range4 ,x has an analogy 9 *ap4 liii4 #aa1 :]e ,hebrew3 hcdiq1 :i* ev]y:]e else is con/ru$ ) ! ,accusative1 is foll[$ by ,hebrew3 l2 & likewise 9 ,hebrew3 rpa1 foll[$ by ,hebrew3 l 9 *ap4 liii4 #e4 ,! signification ( ! v]b1 9 su* cases1 und]goes a slight modification4 ,hebrew3 hzh ) ,hebrew3 el means to spr9kle2 ) ! ,accusative1 to spr9kle ^u4 ,?is modification ( ! mean+ has ! analogy ( o!r languages 9 its fav\r4 ,9 ! ,e?iopic1 ! v]b ,hebrew3 nz,h1 :i* corresponds to ! ,hebrew ,hebrew3 nzh1 is us$ ( ! spr9kl+ ( bo? p]sons & ?+s2 ,heb4 ix4 #ai1 xi4 #bh2 ,ps4 li4 #i4 ,9 ,lat91 we may say3 sp>g]e aquam1 b also sp>g]e corpus aqua2 asp]g]e quid alicui1 b also re aliquem1 consp]g]e1 p]sp]g]e1 resp]g]e quem4 ,:y %\ld n ?is be all[$ to ! ,jews also1--rem>ks ,k*]--:o h to make up = ! defect ( comp\nd v]bs by ! v>i$ use ( simple v]bs8 ,b ! ,prophet _h a special reason1 9 ! lib]ty specially af=d$ by ! high] /yle1 = deviat+ f ! ord9>y connection4 ,! ,hebrew3 el _h to be avoid$1 because1 _h x be5 put1 ! p]ception ( ! correspond5ce ( ! subsequ5t ,hebrew3 eliv ) ! ,hebrew3 eli,k1 9 v]4 #ad1 w\ld h become m difficult4--#b4 ,x is ass]t$ t x is aga9/ ! connection2 t ! contra/ to ,hebrew3 mw,m induces u to expect some?+ correspond+4 ,beck says3 ,a *ange 9 ^? :o =m]ly abhorr$ ! ,s]vant is to be express$ "h1 n a de$ by ! ,s]vant himself4 ,if !re 7 "h1 inde$1 a contra/ int5d$ to ! _m :o =m]ly 7 %ock$1 we might answ] t1 indirectly1 ! words3 ,he %all spr9kle1 sugge/1 inde$1 an opposite conduct ( ! _m ,g5tiles4 ,no "o is cleans$ by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 :o does n all[ himself to be cleans$ by ,pg #bga ,him4 ,b no "o w desire to be cleans$ by ,him1 :o does n put 8 :ole tru/ 9 ,him1 :o does n recognize ,him z 8 ,k+ & ,"l4 ,to ! contempt & horror ) :i* ! ,jews %r9k back f ! ,messiah 9 ,8 humiliation1 w\ld ?us be oppos$ ! fai?ful1 humble confid5ce1 ) :i* ! hea!ns draw ne> to ! glorifi$ ,messiah4 ,b ! fact t ! real contra/ to ! ,hebrew3 wmmv is n ,hebrew3 izh1 b r ,hebrew3 iqpcv1 is cle>ly %[n by ,hebrew3 eliv1 :i* corresponds ) ,hebrew3 eli,k4 ,! ,hebrew3 izh corresponds r to3 ,he 0 disfigur$4 ,j z ?is /ates ! cause ( _! be+ %ock$1 s 93 ,he %all spr9kle1 ! cause ( ! %utt+ ( ! m\? is /at$4 ,?is is also se5 f a comp>ison ( *ap4 liii4 #c1 #d4 ,8 suff]+s appe>$ =m]ly z ! pro( t ,he 0 hat$ by ,god4 ,n[ t ! vic>i\s value ( ,8 suff]+ manife/s itself1 x becomes ! reason ( humble1 respectful submission4 ,j z1 =m]ly1 _m 7 %ock$ at ,him1 because he 0 s disfigur$1 s1 n[1 ev5 k+s %all %ut _! m\? at ,him on acc\nt ( ,8 atonem5t4 ,moreov]1 "o does n exactly see h[ ?is reason c\ld be br\ght =w>d1 z1 9 a =mal po9t ( view1 !re is1 at all ev5ts1 a de$ by ! ,s]vant himself be=e u1 9 :atev] way we may view ! ,hebrew3 izh4--#c4 ,if spr9kl+ 7 meant to be equival5t to cleans+ by blood1 ! matt] ( purification c\ld n be omitt$4 ,if x 7 object$ to ?is1 t ! n\n 'blood' might easily be suppli$ f ! v]b's be+ ord9>ily us$ ( cleans+ ) blood1 ! objection w\ld be ( no weight1 inasmu* z spr9kl+ 0 done n only ) blood1 b also ) wat] & oil4 ,b ! spr9kl+ ) oil1 d5ot+ sanctification1 appe>s only q isolat$1 & has = its f\ndation ! spr9kl+ ) blood1 comp4 ,exod4 xxix4 #ba3 ,& ?\ %alt take ( ! blood :i* is ^u ! alt>1 & ( ! ano9t+ oil1 & spr9kle x ^u ,a>on1 & he %all be hall[$4 ,! spr9kl+ ) wat] has likewise ! %$d+ ( blood = its f\ndation4 ,x 0 done ) su* wat] only1 z _h 9 x ! a%es ( ! s9-(f]+ ( ! r$ heif]4 ,b ! ,prophet has c]ta9ly on purpose made no express m5tion ( ! blood1 because t wat]1 too1 %\ld be includ$4 ,?is fact1 t ! spr9kl+ "h compreh5ds bo?1 0 p]ceiv$ by ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 9 *ap4 ix4 #ac1 #ad3 ,greek3 ei g> to haima ,pg #bgb ,greek3 taurn kai tragn kai spodos damales rhantiz\sa t\s keko9m5\s hagiazei pros tn ts s>kos ka?>otta4 mallon to haima t\ ,*ri/\ 444 ka?>iei tn suneids9 hmn apo nekrn ergn eis to latreue9 ,! znti4 ,! defilem5t by dead bodies1 aga9/ :i* ! wat] ( purification 0 specially us$1 is ! mo/ significant symbol ( s9n]s & s9s4--#d4 ,x is1 9 g5]al1 n probable t ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 :o f>!r d[n is describ$ z a sacrificial bea/ 7671--:o1 by tak+ ^u ,himself ! s9s ( ,8 p1 dies = !m1 %\ld "h appe> z ! ,high ,prie/ ju/ify+ !m4 ,?us ,umbreit argues4 ,b 9 opposition to ?is view1 x is suffici5t to ref] to3 ,he %all ju/ify1 9 *ap4 liii4 #aa1 :i* is p>allel to ,he %all spr9kle4 ,t :i*1 9 ! typical sacrifices1 is sep>at$1 is1 9 ! antitypical1 mo/ closely connect$4 ,ev5 at ! v fir/ beg9n+s ( sacr$ hi/ory1 x 0 e/abli%$ = all times1 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 him :o (f]s up1 & t :i* is (f]$ up1 %\ld n g beyond ! t]ritory ( animal sacrifice4 ,b !re is ! less gr\nd = sett+ aside ! ref]5ce to ! prie/ly (fice ( ! ,messiah1 t1 ev5 be=e ,isaiah1 ,david1 9 ,ps4 cx4 #d1 designates ,*ri/ z ! true ,high ,prie/ on acc\nt ( ! atonem5t to be made by ,him2 &1 aft] ,isaiah1 ,ze*>iah says 9 *ap4 vi4 #ac3 ,& ,he sitte? & rule? ^u ! ?rone1 & ,he is a ,prie/ ^u ,8 ?rone4--,x has n[ become curr5t to d]ive ,hebrew3 izh f ,hebrew3 nzh 9 ! signification to leap--,he %all cause to leap4 ,?is explanation made its appe>ance at fir/ 9 a v cauti\s way4 ,m>t9i says3 ,i myself feel h[ v f> f a "r & sure int]pretation t is1 :i* ,i am n[1 b v timidly1 to advance1 reg>d+ ! s5se ( ! receiv$ read+ ,hebrew3 izh4 ,by & by1 h[ev]1 expositors h>d5$ !mselves aga9/ ! decisive objections :i* /& 9 ! way ( x4 ,^! objections are ! foll[+4 #a4 ,! ,hebrew usus loqu5di is 9 ,hebrew3 nzh s sure1 t we are n entitl$ to take ! explanation f ! ,arabic4 ,! v]b is1 9 ,hebrew1 nev] us$ except ( fluids4 ,9 ,kal1 x does n mean to leap1 b to spatt]1 ,lev4 vi4 #bj 7#bg73 ,& ^u ^: g>m5t is spatt]$ ( ! blood2 #b ,k+s ix4 #cc2 ,is4 lxiii4 #e4 ,9 ,hiphil1 x is set ap>t & us$ exclusively = ! holy spr9kl+s2 & ! m frequ5tly x occurs 9 ?is signification1 ! less are we at lib]ty to deviate f x4 #b4 ,he %all make to leap w\ld be f> too indef9ite1--a circum/ance ,pg #bgc :i* appe>s f ! vague & arbitr>y conjectures ( ! support]s ( ?is view4 ,ges5ius1 9 8 ,comm5t>y1 ,/i]1 & o!rs1 ?9k ( a leap+ = joy1 9 support ( :i* !y h quot$ ! ,kamus1 accord+ to :i* ! v]b is us$ ( wanton asses6 ,accord+ to ,ges5ius 9 ! ,!saurus1 ,h(mann1 & o!rs1 ! ,g5tiles are to leap up1 9 ord] to %[ _! rev]5ce = ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,accord+ to ,hitzig & o!rs1 x is to leap = a/oni%m5t1 :ile1 accord+ to ,umbreit & o!rs1 x is = joyful admiration4 ,"o sees t ! m]e ,he %all make to leap is 9 itself too mean+less2 & int]pret]s are oblig$ to make ! be/ addition :i* !y c4--#c4 ,accord+ to ?is explanation1 no cause is assign$ by :i* ! homage ( ! ,g5tiles is call$ =?2 & t cause c ! less be omitt$1 t ! horror ( ! ,jews is trac$ back to its cause4 ,! p>5!sis 9 v]4 #ad lacks its anti!sis2 & t ?is anti!sis mu/ lie 9 ,hebrew3 izh1 is r5d]$ probable ev5 by ! circum/ance1 t ?is ^w signifies1 9 a =mal po9t ( view1 some?+ :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god does1 & n some?+ :i* ! ,g5tiles d1 :ile we %\ld1 by ! anti!sis to ,hebrew3 wmmv1 be l$ to expect j ?is4#c--;,9 ! protasis1 ! disc\rse is only ( _m2 "h1 x is ( _m nations 7,g\sset3 ,x is emphatic1 s t x compreh5ds all1 & d5otes1 at ! same "t1 t !y are num]\s71 & ( k+s4 ,?is is q natural2 = x 0 only memb]s ( ! cov5ant-p :o felt %ock$1 :ile ! rev]5ce is felt by ! :ole ,g5tile _w4--,! %utt+ ( ! m\? occurs else:]e1 too1 repeat$ly1 z a sign ( rev]5ce & humble submission4 ,! ref]5ce ( ,hebrew3 eliv to ,hebrew3 eli,k1 %[s t ,ewald is wrong 9 expla9+ x by besides ,him4 ,s9ce ! prec$+ ,hebrew3 el designat$ ! object ( ! horror1--! sub/ratum ( x--x mu/ "h1 too1 designate ! sub/ratum ( ! %utt+ ( ! m\?1 & ov] ,him1 be equival5t to3 on acc\nt ( ,him1 out ( rev]5ce = ,him4--,9 ! exposition ( ! la/ words1 ! old translations diff]4 ,we may expla9 !m ei!r3 ,!y to :om x _h n be5 ,pg #bgd told1 see2 ?us ! ,,lxx43 ,greek3 hois ouk anngel p]i aut\1 opsontai1 kai hoi ouk akkoasi1 suns\si1 :om ,paul foll[s 9 ,rom4 xv4 #ba4 7,9 t context1 h[ev]1 ! diff]5ce ( ! two explanations is ( no consequ5ce2 ! passage w\ld be equally suitable1 ev5 accord+ to ! o!r int]pretation47 ,or1 we may expla9 !m3 ,t :i* _h n be5 told !m1 !y see1 c4 ,?us ! o!r anci5t translations expla94 ,accord+ to ! fir/ view1 ! connection w\ld be ?is3 ,=1 9 ord] t ye may n wond] at my speak+ to y ( nations & k+s1 !y :o1 c4 ,accord+ to ! second view1 ! gr\nd ( ! rev]5ce ( ! hea!n k+s & _! p is /at$4 ,t :i* =m]ly _h n be5 told to !m1 _h n be5 he>d by !m1 is ! expiation by ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,by ,him !y receive a bless+ n =m]ly hop$ = or expect$1 & are !reby fill$ ) sil5t rev]5ce t[>ds ! ,au?or ( ! gift4 ,we decide 9 fav\r ( ! =m] view1 accord+ to :i* *ap4 lxvi4 #ai3 ,t h n he>d my fame1 nei!r h se5 my glory1 is p>allel4 ,! contra/1 9 our v]se1 to ^? :o did n he> & :o n[ p]ceive1 is1 9 ! subsequ5t v]se1 =m$ by ^? :o d he>1 & d n believe4 ,! words3 ,:o _h n be5 told1 :o did n he>1 ref] to ! ,messianic ann\ncem5t :i* 0 giv5 to ,israel only1 & f :i* ! ,g5tiles 7 exclud$4#d ,^u ?is sket*1 !re foll[s 9 *ap4 liii4 #a-aj1 ! enl>gem5t4 ,fir/1 9 v]s4 #a-c t is exp\nd$ :i*1 9 v]4 #ad _h be5 said ( ! _m be+ %ock$1 & ( ! cause4 ,! comm5t>y ^u ,hebrew3 wmmv !y 7 %ock$1 is giv5 9 v]4 #a3 a great portion ( ! ,jews d n believe 9 ! salvation :i* _h appe>$4 ,! enl>gem5t (3 s m>r$1 c41 is giv5 9 v]s4 #b1 #c4 ,! cause ( ! ,pg #bge unbelief is1 t ! glory ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god is conceal$ beh9d humiliation1 mis]y1 & %ame4 ,*ap4 liii4 #a3 ,:o believes t :i* we he>1 & ! arm ( ! ,"l1 to :om x is reveal$8 ,! ,prophet1 ^: spiritual eye is j fall+ ^u ! l>ge1 ! enorm\sly l>ge numb] ( unbeliev]s1 ov]looks1 at ! mom5t1 ! o!r aspect1 &1 9 8 grief1 expresses t :i* took place 9 a l>ge portion only1 9 su* a mann] z if x 7 g5]al4 ,simil> repres5tations we else:]e frequ5tly meet )1 e4g41 ,ps4 xiv4 #c 7comp>e my ,comm5t>y72 ,j]4 v4 #a--;,hebrew3 wmveh is commonly und]/ood 9 ! signification1 message or disc\rse4 ,b 9 fav\r ( ! explanation3 ,t :i* is he>d by u1 q4d41 t :i* we he>1 !re is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! usus loqu5di4 ,! ^w nev] occurs 9 any o!r ?an its orig9al signification1 t :i* is he>d1 & 9 ! signification1 rum\r1 :i* is closely connect$ ) ! =m]4 ,9 ,isa4 xxviii4 #i1 a passage :i* is mo/ confid5tly ref]r$ to 9 pro( ( ! signification1 in/itutio1 doctr9a1 ,hebrew3 wmveh is t :i* ! ,prophet he>s f ,god4 ,! mock]s :o exclaim3 ,:om w he make to und]/& ,hebrew3 wmveh8 take1 ) a sne]1 out ( 8 m\? ! ^w ^u :i* *ap4 xxi4 #aj3 ,t :i* ,i h he>d ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s1 ,i decl>e unto y1 =ms a comm5t>y1 ,greek3 ,ako too1 by :i*1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,hebrew3 wmveh is r5d]$1 has n at all ! signification1 disc\rse1 prea*+4 ,greek3 ,ako 9 ,rom4 x4 #af1 #ag1 is n ! prea*+1 b ! he>+1 z is %[n by ! ,greek3 m ouk k\san 9 v]4 #ah4 ,! ,greek3 ako1 accord+ to v]4 #ag3 ,greek3 h de ako dia rhmatos ,!\1 is ! passive to ! active to ! ^w ( ,god4 ,:o believes our ,greek3 ako1 our he>+1 i4e41 t :i* we he>1 :i* is made kn[n to u by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,9 a passive s5se1 ,greek3 ako /&s likewise 9 ! passages ,matt4 iv4 #bd1 xiv4 #a1 xxiv4 #f1 :i* ,/i] cites 9 support ( ! signification disc\rse1 prea*+2 x is t :i* has be5 he>d by "s "o1 rum\r1 report4 ,9 ,heb4 iv4 #b 7z also 9 #a ,!ss4 ii4 #ac7 ,greek3 logos akos1 is ! ^w :i* !y he>d4 ,t passage3 ,greek3 ouk phels5 ho logos ts akos eke9\s1 m sunkekram5os t pi/ei tois ak\sasi1 may simply be consid]$ z a p>aphrase ( our3 ,:o believes t :i* we he>4 ,a second argum5t 9 fav\r ( our explanation3 ,t :i* we he> lies 9 ! relation ,pg #bgf to ! prec$+1 :i*1 only :5 ?us expla9$1 arranges itself suitably3 ,^? und]/& :at !y =m]ly did n he>2 ,israel1 on ! contr>y1 does n believe t :i* !y h he>d4 ,( great importance1 f9ally1 is ! circum/ance1 t x is only ) ?is int]pretation t ! unity ( ! speak] 9 v]s4 #a-aj c be ma9ta9$4 ,9 ! sequel1 ! we ev]y:]e ref]s to ! believ+ ,*ur*4 ,b1 = ?is reason1 x is difficult to ?9k "h ( ! ord] ( ! tea*]s1 :i* mu/ be ! case :5 we translate3 ,:o believes our prea*+4 ,x has be5 object$ t1 ev5 9 ?is case1 no real *ange ( subject takes place1 b t1 9 bo? cases1 ! ,prophet is speak+1 ) ?is diff]5ce only1 t1 9 v]4 #a1 he numb]s himself among ! proclaim]s ( ! message1 :ile1 9 v]4 #b ff41 he reckons himself among ! believ+ ,congregation4 ,b we %all be oblig$ n to br+ 9 ! ,prophet at all4 ,9 v]4 #b ff41 ! speak] is ! believ+ ,*ur* ( ! ,future1 9 ! "t aft] ! appe>ance ( ! ,savi\r1 & j s1 9 v]4 #a1 ! prea*+1 if x %\ld be spok5 ( at all1 _c belong to ! ,prophet & 8 contempor>ies1 b to ^? only :o came =w>d ) ! message ( ! manife/$ ,savi\r2 j z 9 ,john xii4 #ch2 ,rom4 x4 #af1 our v]se is ref]r$ to ! unbelief ( ! ,jews 9 ! manife/$ ,savi\r4 ,! cause ( ! unbelief ov] :i* v]4 #a lam5ts is inde$1 accord+ to v]s4 #b & #c1 ! appe>ance ( ! ,savi\r 9 ! =m ( a ,s]vant1 & ,8 bitt] suff]+4 ,t1 !n1 mu/ fir/ h tak5 place1 be=e ! unbelief manife/$ itself4#e ,/i] rightly rem>ks3 ,betwe5 '! arm ( ,god1'& ourselves1 a ,hebrew3 wmveh is plac$ z ! m$ium1 & ! po9t is to believe 9 x4 ,x is ! gospel1 ! tid+s ( ! manife/$ ,savi\r4 ,by ! side ( ! joy ov] ! _m ,g5tiles :o ) delight he> & und]/& ! message ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 !re is ! sorr[ ov] ! _m 9 ,israel :o d n believe ?is message4--,! arm ( ! ,"l comes into consid]ation z ! seat ( ,8 div9e p[]2 comp4 *ap4 xl4 #aj1 li4 #e-i1 lii4 #aj4 ,pg #bgg ,accord+ to ! context1 ! manife/ation ( ?is p[] 9 ,*ri/ is "h spok5 ( ,/i] says3 ,9 ?is ,s]vant1 ! r$eem+ arm manife/s itself1 p]sonifies itself ,*ri/ himself is1 z x 71 ! out/ret*$ arm ( ! ,"l4 ,9 ,rom4 i4 #af1 ! ,gospel is designat$ z ,greek3 dunamis ,!\ eis strian panti t pi/euonti4 ,hebrew3 glh is else:]e commonly con/ru$ ) ,hebrew3 al or ,hebrew3 l1 "h ) ,hebrew3 el4 ,?is indicates t ! reveal+ ( ! arm ( ! ,"l is ( a sup]natural k9d1 su* an "o z conies d[n f above4 ,! ,"l has reveal$ ,8 arm1 ,8 p[] & glory1 z ,he has manife/$ !m 9 ! mission ( ,8 s]vant1 9 ! eyes ( all 7comp4 *ap4 lii4 #aj3 ,! ,"l ha? made b>e ,8 holy arm 9 ! eyes ( all ! nations1 & all ! ends ( ! e>? see ! salvation ( our ,god72 b x is really se5 by ^? only ^: eyes ,god op5s4 ,! de$s ( ,god1 ev5 ! mo/ manife/1 always reta9 ! nature ( a my/]y :i* rema9s conceal$ to ! worldly disposition4 ,god c be recognis$ only by ,god4 ,( ! ungodly x holds true3 ,) see+ eyes !y d n see1 & ) he>+ e>s !y d n he>4 ,:at 0 ! cause ( ?is unbelief 9 ! ,son ( ,god1 we are told 9 ! sequel4 ,x is ! appe>ance ( ! ,div9e 9 ! =m ( a s]vant1 :i* ! gross c>nal disposition _c und]/&1 & by :i* x is (f5d$4 ,?is (f5ce :i*1 accord+ to ! sequel1 ev5 ! ,god-fe>+ _h to ov]come1 is1 = ! ungodly1 a la/+ "o4 ,v]4 #b4 ,& ,he grew up z ! spr\t be=e ,him1 & z ! root f a dry gr\nd4 ,he _h no =m nor comel9ess3 & we see ,him1 b !re is no appe>ance t we %\ld desire ,him4 ,! relation ( ?is v]se to ! prec$+ "o 0 correctly se5 by ,mi*aelis3 ,! cause ( ! (f5ce is ?is1 t ,he does n rise or /& out l ! c$>1 b ,he gr[s up gradually1 c4 ,! subject1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 is easily inf]r$ f ,hebrew3 eliv 9 v]4 #ae4 ,?is is ! m admissible t v]4 #a1 too1 indirectly ref]s to ,him4 ,he is ! subject ( ! report 9 ^: appe>ance ! arm ( ! ,"l has be5 reveal$4 ,! spr\t1 ! twig1 designates1 ev5 9 itself1 ! poor condition2 &1 not)/&+ ,/i]'s c\nt]-rem>ks1 x is ! po9t+ to su* a poor condition alone :i* suits ! connection1 & !re is no reason :y we %\ld "h already ,pg #bgh supply f a dry gr\nd4 ,a memb] ( ! royal h\se be=e its fall resembl$1 at 8 v orig91 a pr\d tree1 or1 at lea/1 a pr\d bran* ( su* a tree4 ,! spr\t1 "h1 supposes ! /ump1 ,hebrew3 gze4 9 *ap4 xi4 #h4 ,hebrew3 ivnq else:]e always signifies suckl+2 comp4 "h *ap4 xi4 #h4 ,( ! spr\t1 else:]e1 ! fem99e ,hebrew3 ivnqt is us$4 ,accord+ to ,/i]1 ?is deviation f ! common use is "h n a matt] ( accid5t4 ,suppos+ a d\ble s5se1 he f9ds x an indication ( ! helpless infancy ( ! ,r$eem]1 & 9 ?is a repres5tation ( ,8 l[l9ess4 ,! ,,lxx43 ,greek3 hs paidion4 ,! suffix 9 ,hebrew3 lpniv be=e ,him ref]s to ! imm$iately prec$+ ,hebrew3 ihvh1 n to ! p4 ,be=e ,him1 ! ,"l--kn[n to ,him1 wat*$ by ,him1 /&+ "u ,8 protection1 comp4 ,g54 xvii4 #ah2 ,job viii4 #af4 ,! l[l9ess "h1 & ! contempt ( m5 9 v]4 #c1 =m ! contra/2 ,he is l[1 b ,he w n rema9 s2 = ! eye ( ! ,mo/ ,high is direct$ t[>ds ,him4 ,be=e ! eyes ( m5 :o are n able to p5etrate to ! sub/ance ?r\gh ! appe>ance1 ,he is conceal$2 b ,god beholds ,him1 beholds ,8 conceal$ glory1 beholds ,8 high de/9ation2 & because ,he beholds1 ,he also takes c>e1 & prep>es ,8 transition f l[l9ess to glory4 ,b ! be=e ,him does n by any means "h =m ! ma9 ?\ght2 x only gives a g5tle & incid5tal h9t4--,! root d5otes "h1 z 9 *ap4 xi4 #a1 #aj1 ! product ( ! root1 t :]eby x becomes visible1 ! spr\t f ! root4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is p>allel passage1 ,/i] /rik+ly rem>ks3 ,x is1 by our mod]n int]pret]s1 put aside z quietly z possible2 =1 ) a p[]ful voice1 x proclaims to u two tru?s3 t ! same ,isaiah ref]s to 8 =m] prophecy1--& t ?is ,s]vant ( ! ,"l "h is none o!r ?an ! ,messiah !re4 ,a twig :i* gr[s up f a dry place is insignificant & poor4 ,j z ! ,messiah is "h1 9 respect to ,8 /ate ( humiliation1 & specially 9 ref]5ce to ,8 orig9 f ! h\se ( ,david1 sunk into complete obscurity1 comp>$ to a weak1 insignificant twig1 s ,he is1 9 ,ezek4 xvii4 #bc1 9 ref]5ce to ,8 /ate ( glorification1 comp>$ to a l(ty1 spl5did c$> tree1 "u :i* all ! f[ls ( heav5 dwell4 ,! ,jews1 9 opposition ev5 to v]4 #bb ( ,ezekiel1 expect$ t ,he %\ld appe> s f ! v beg9n+2 & s9ce ,he did n appe> s1 !y ,pg #bgi despis$ ,him4 ,! ,hebrew3 vnrahv is1 by mo/ ( ! mod]n int]pret]s1 9 opposition to ! acc5ts1 connect$ ) ! fir/ memb]3 ,he _h no =m nor comel9ess t we %\ld h se5 ,him4 ,b f int]nal reasons1 ?is explanation mu/ be reject$4 ,to see1 9 ! s5se ( to p]ceive1 w\ld n be suitable4 ,=1 h[ c\ld !y h su* views ( ! condition ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 if !y ov]look$ ,him8 ,b x is n possible to adduce any real demon/rative p>allel passage 9 support ( ,hebrew3 rah ) ! ,accusat41 )\t ,hebrew3 b1 ev] hav+ ! signification1 to look at1 to consid] ) delight4 ,! circum/ance t ! ,future is us$ 9 ! s5se ( ! ,pres5t3 & we see ,him1 is expla9$ f ! ,prophet's view+ x z pres5t4--,! /atem5t t ! ,s]vant ( ,god _h no =m1 nor comel9ess1 nor appe>ance1 mu/ n be ref]r$ to ,8 l[l9ess be=e ,8 suff]+s only2 we mu/1 on ! contr>y1 p]ceive1 9 ,8 suff]+s & dea?1 ! completion ( ?is condition2 9 ! ,ecce ,homo1 ! full hi/orical realization ( x4 ,calv9 rightly po9ts out t t :i* "h1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 is said ( ! ,head1 is repeat$ ^u ! ,*ur*2 ,he says3 ,?is mu/ n be und]/ood ( ,*ri/'s p]son only1 :o 0 despis$ by ! _w1 & 0 at la/ giv5 up to an ignom9i\s dea?1 b ( ,8 :ole ,k+dom :i*1 9 ! eyes ( m51 _h no =m1 nor comel9ess1 nor spl5d\r4 ,v]4 #c4 ,despis$ & mo/ unwor?y among m51 a man ( pa9s & an acqua9tance ( disease1 & l "o hid+ ,8 face f u1 despis$1 & we e/eem$ ,him n4 ,9 ! prec$+ v]se1 we are told :at ! ,s]vant ( ,god _h n1 viz41 any?+ :i* c\ld h attract$ ! natural man :o _h no conception ( ! inw>d glory1 & z little ( ! cause :y ! ,div9e appe>s 9 ! =m ( a ,s]vant & a suff]]4 ,"h we are told :at ,he _h1 viz43 ev]y?+ to (f5d & repulse him to :om ! arm ( ! ,"l _h n be5 reveal$1--! full measure ( mis]y & ! cross4 ,in/ead ( ! mo/ unwor?y among m51 ! text lit]ally translat$ has3 "o ceas+ f among m5 7 ,hebrew3 ,hdl 9 ! signification ceas+ 9 ,ps4 xxxix4 #e71 i4e41 "o :o ceases to belong to m51 to be a man1 exactly correspond+ to f man1 & f ! sons ( m51 9 ! sket*1 v]4 #ad1 & to3 ,i am a worm & no man1 9 ,ps4 xxii4 ,pg #bhj ,! explanation3 ,=sak5 by m51 reject$ ( m51 is oppos$ by ! usus loqu5di1 & by ^! p>allel passages4--,a man ( pa9s--"o :o1 z x 71 possesses pa9s z 8 prop]ty4 ,!re is a simil> expression 9 ,prov4 xxix4 #a3 ,a man ( *a/5+s--"o :o is (t5 *a/5$4 ,an acqua9tance ( disease1--"o :o is intimately acqua9t$ ) x1 :o has1 z x 71 ent]$ into a cov5ant ( fri5d%ip ) x4 ,! passive ,p>ticiple has no o!r signification ?an ?is1 ,deut4 i4 #ac1 #ae1 & does n occur 9 ! signification ( ! active ,p>ticiple kn[+4--,!re is no reason = suppos+ t disease /&s "h figuratively4 ,x compreh5ds also ! pa9 aris+ f w\nds1 #a ,k+s xxii4 #cd2 ,j]4 vi4 #g1 x4 #ai2 & !re is s mu* ! great] reason = ?9k+ ( x "h1 t ,hebrew3 h,hli 9 v]4 #aj1 evid5tly ref]s to ! ,hebrew3 ,hli 9 ?is place4 ,z an acqua9tance ( disease1 ! ,"l especially %[$ himself 9 ,8 passion4 ,& !n e sorr[ may be view$ z a disease2 e sorr[ has1 to a c]ta9 degree1 disease 9 its tra94 ,on ,ps4 vi41 :]e sickness is repres5t$ z ! consequ5ce ( ho/ile p]secution1 ,lu!r rem>ks3 ,:]e ! he>t is afflict$1 ! :ole body is we>y & bruis$2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 :]e !re is a joyful he>t1 ! body is also s mu* ! m active & /rong4 ,hebrew3 h/ir always means to hide2 ! :ole phrase occurs 9 *ap4 l4 #f1 9 ! signification to hide ! face4 ,hebrew3 m/r is ! ,p>ticiple 9 ,hiphil4 ,9 ! s+ul>1 x is true1 su* a =m is n f\nd any :]e else2 b1 9 ! ,plural1 x is1 ,j]4 xxix4 #h4 ,9 fav\r ( ! int]pretation3 ,l "o hid+ ,8 face f u1 is ! evid5t ref]5ce to ! law 9 ,lev4 xiii4 #de3 ,! lep] 9 :om ! plague is1 8 clo!s %all be r5t & 8 head b>e1 & ! be>d he %all h cov]$ ov]1 & %all cry3 ,unclean1 unclean1--:]e t :i* ! lep] crie? =ms ! comm5t>y ^u ! symbolical act ( ! cov]+4 ,!y cov]$ !mselves1 z a sign ( %ame1 z f> z possible1 9 ord] to all[ ( brea?+1 up to ! nose2 h5ce ! m5tion ( ! be>d4 ,9 my ,comm5t>y on ! ,song ( ,solomon i4 #g1 x 0 prov$ t cov]+ has e :]e ! mean+ ( be+ put to %ame--( be+ 9 a %ameful condition4 ,! lep] 0 by ! law condemn$ to be a liv+ repres5tation ( s94 ,no horror 0 l t :i* 0 felt 9 8 pres5ce4 ,h5ce ,pg #bha x is ! highe/ degree ( humiliation & abasem5t :i* is express$ by ! comp>ison ) ! lep]1 :o mu/ hide 8 face1 :om ,god has m>k$4 ,x is ! m natural to suppose ?is ref]5ce to ! lep]1 t probably1 ! ,hebrew3 ,hdl aiwi,m likewise po9t$ to ! lep]4 ,! lep] 0 "o ceas+ f m54 ,9 #b ,k+s xv4 #e2 #b ,*ron4 xxvi4 #ba1 a h\se 9 :i* lep]s dwell is call$ a h\se ( lib]ty1 i4e41 ( sep>ation f all human society2 comp>e ! expression free among ! dead1 9 ,ps4 lxxxviii4 #f4 ,lep]s 7 consid]$ z dead p]sons4 ,uzziah1 :ile 9 8 leprosy1 01 accord+ to ! passage 9 ,*ronicles already cit$1 cut (f f ! h\se ( ! ,"l1 & =feit$ 8 place !re1 :]e all ! s]vants ( ! ,"l dwell ) ,him4 ,to leprosy1 ! t]m ,hebrew3 ngve 9 v]4 #d likewise po9ts4 ,beck's objection3 ,! po9t 9 "q "h is n t :i* ! un=tunate man does b t :i* o!rs d 9 ref]5ce to him1 is bas$ ^u a misconception4 ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r is spok5 ( ,! comp>ative ,hebrew3 k mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,! comp>ison ) ! lep]1 ! culm9at+ po9t ( all contempt1 is highly suitable to ! p>allelism ) ,hebrew3 nbzh4 ,ord9>ily ,hebrew3 m/r is n[ und]/ood z a sub/antivum v]bale3 ,he 0 l hid+ ( ! face be=e ,him1 i4e41 l a ?+ or p]son be=e :i* or :om we hide our face1 because we _c be> its horrible & disgu/+ appe>ance4 ,b ) "o be=e :om we hide our face1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god c\ld n be comp>$2 ! comp>ison w\ld1 9 t case1 be weak4--,hebrew3 nbzh is n ! #a/ p]s4 ,fut4 b ,p>tic4 ,niph41 despis$4--,! close ( ! v]se returns to its beg9n+1 aft] hav+ be51 9 ! middle1 e/abli%$ & made good4 ,! second subdivision f v]4 #d to v]4 #g furni%es u ) ! key to ! suff]+s ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god describ$ 9 :at prec$es1 by po9t+ to _! vic>i\s "*1 to :i* 7v]4 #g7 ! conduct ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god "u ,8 suff]+s corresponds4 ,v]4 #d4 ,b our diseases ,he bore1 & our pa9s ,he took ^u ,him3 & we e/eem$ ,him plagu$1 smitt5 ( ,god1 & afflict$4 ,! words ,hebrew3 ,hli & ,hebrew3 mkab ( ! prec$+ v]se "h appe> aga94 ,he 0 lad5 ) disease & pa9s2 b ^! suff]+s1 ! wages ( s91 7 n inflict$ ^u ,him on acc\nt ,pg #bhb ( ,8 own s9s1 b on acc\nt ( our s9s1 s t ! horror falls back ^u ourselves1 & is *ang$ into lov+ admiration ( ,him4 ,beck rem>ks3 ,prop]ly speak+1 !y _h n become sick or un=tunate at all2 ?is _h a priori be5 r5d]$ impossible by ! vic>i\s suff]+ ( ! ,son ( ,god2 b s9ce !y des]v$ ! sickness & calamity1 ! av]t+ ( x might be consid]$ z a heal+4 ,b ?is view is altoge!r ! result ( emb>rassm5t4 ,disease is ! insep>able companion ( s94 ,if ! p]sons speak+ are subject to ! latt]1 ! disease _c be consid]$ z an evil m]ely ?reat5+ !m4 ,if !y speak ( _! diseases1 we ?9k1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ( sickness by :i* !y h already be5 seiz$2 & ! less obvi\s s5se ought to h be5 expressly indicat$4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ! heal+ also sugge/s hurts already exi/+4 ,b q decisive is v]4 #f1 :]e ! mis]able condition cle>ly appe>s to h already tak5 place4--,accord+ to ! op9ion ( sev]al int]pret]s1 by diseases1 all inw>d & outw>d suff]+s are figuratively designat$2 accord+ to ! op9ion ( o!rs1 spiritual diseases1 s9s4 ,b ev5 f ! relation ( ?is v]se to ! prec$+1 x appe>s t "h1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 diseases & pa9s1 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 are spok5 (2 j z ! bl9d & deaf 9 *ap4 xxxv4 are1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 !y :o are naturally bl9d & deaf4--,disease & pa9 "h _c be spok5 ( 9 a s5se diff]5t f t 9 :i* x is spok5 ( !re4 ,diseases1 9 ! s5se ( s9s1 d n occur at all 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! circum/ance t 9 ! p>allel passage1 v]s4 #aa & #ab1 ! be>+ ( ! transgressions & s9s is spok5 (1 does n prove any?+4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god be>s !m also 9 _! consequ5ces1 9 _! puni%m5ts1 among :i* sickness & pa9s occupy a prom95t place4 ,( ! be>+ ( outw>d suff]+s1 ,hebrew3 nwa ,hli occurs 9 ,j]4 x4 #ai also4 ,if ! words are rightly und]/ood1 !n at once1 light falls ^u ! apo/olic quotation 9 ,matt4 viii4 #af1 #ag3 ,greek3 pantas t\s kaks e*ontas e!rapeus51 hops plr? to rh!n dia sai\ t\ propht\ legontos4 autos tas a/h5eias hmn elabe kai tas nos\s eba/ase2 & ?is des]ves a consid]ation s mu* ! m c>eful1 t ! ,evangeli/ "h int5tionally deviates f ! ,alex&r9e v]sion 7 ,greek3 h\tos tas ham>tias hmn ph]ei kai p]i hmn odunatai74 ,9 do+ s1 we ,pg #bhc d n give an ext]nal mean+ to t :i* is to be und]/ood spiritually2 b :5 ! ,savi\r heal$ ! sick1 ,he fulfill$ ! prophecy be=e u 9 its mo/ prop] & obvi\s s5se4 ,& ?is fulfilm5t is ev5 n[ go+ on4 ,= him :o /&s 9 a liv+ fai? 9 ,*ri/1 sickness1 pa91 &1 9 g5]al all sorr[1 h lo/ _! /+4 ,b x has n yet appe>$ :at we %all be1 & we h /ill to expect ! complete fulfilm5t4 ,9 ! ,k+dom ( glory1 sickness & pa9 %all h altoge!r disappe>$4--,"s int]pret]s w\ld translate ,hebrew3 nwa by to take away2 b ev5 ! p>allel ,hebrew3 sbl is conclusive aga9/ su* a view2 &1 f>!r1 ! ord9>y use ( ,hebrew3 nwa ( ! be>+ ( ! puni%m5t ( s91 e4g41 ,ezek4 xviii4 #ai2 ,num4 xiv4 #cc2 ,lev4 v4 #a1 xx4 #ag4 ,b ( conclusive weight is ! connection ) ! prec$+ v]se1 :]e ! ,s]vant ( ,god appe>s z ! intimate acqua9tance ( sickness1 z ! man ( pa9s4 ,he has1 accord+ly1 n only put away our sicknesses & pa9s1 b ,he has1 z our sub/itute1 tak5 !m ^u ,him2 ,he has heal$ u by ,8 hav+ himself become sick 9 our /ead4 ,?is c\ld be done only by ,8 hav+1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 z a sub/itute1 appropriat$ our s9s1 ( :i* ! suff]+s are ! consequ5ce2 comp>e #a ,pet] ii4 #bd3 ,greek3 hos tas ham>tias hmn autos ann5k5 en t smati aut\ epi to xulon4--,plagu$1 smitt5 ( ,god1 afflict$1 are expressions :i* 7 commonly us$ 9 ref]5ce to ! visitation ( s9ful m54 ,x is especially 9 ! ^w plagu$1 :i* is int5tionally plac$ fir/1 t ! ref]5ce to a self-des]v$ suff]+ is /rongly express$1 comp>e ,ps4 lxxiii4 #ad3 ,= all ! day long am ,i plagu$1 & my *a/isem5t is new e morn+4 ,( ,uzziah1 visit$ on acc\nt ( 8 s91 x is said 9 #b ,k+s xv4 #e3 ,& ! ,"l inflict$ a plague ^u ! k+1 & he 0 a lep] unto ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,hebrew3 nge plague is 9 ,lev4 xiii41 z x 71 nom5 proprium = ! leprosy1 :i* 9 ! law is s di/9ctly designat$ z a puni%m5t ( s94--,hebrew3 hkh too1 is frequ5tly us$ ( ! infliction ( div9e puni%m5ts & judgm5ts4 ,num4 xiv4 #ab2 ,deut4 xxviii4 #bb4 ,! p did n err 9 consid]+ ! suff]+ z a puni%m5t ( s91 b only 9 consid]+ x z a puni%m5t = ! s9s committ$ by ! ,s]vant ( ,god himself4 ,accord+ to ! view ( bo? ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 e suff]+ is ,pg #bhd puni%m5t4 ,! suff]+ ( a p]fect sa9t1 h[ev]1 involves a contradiction1 unless x be vic>i\s4 ,by 8 completely /epp+ out ( ! t]ritory ( s91 he mu/ also /ep out ( ! t]ritory ( evil1 :i*1 accord+ to ! doctr9e e/abli%$ at ! v ?re%old ( revelation1 is ! wages ( s91 = o!rwise ,god w\ld n be holy & j4 ,h5ce1 z reg>ds ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 we h only ! alt]natives3 ei!r ,8 s9lessness mu/ be d\bt$1 or ! vic>i\s nature ( ,8 suff]+s mu/ be ackn[l$g$4 ,! p]sons speak+ took up1 at fir/1 ! =m] position2 aft] _! eyes _h be5 op5$1 !y *ose ! latt]4 ,v]4 #e1 ,& ,he 0 pi]c$ = our transgressions1 cru%$ = our iniquities2 ! *a/isem5t ( our peace 0 ^u ,him1 & by ,8 w\nds we are heal$4 ,hebrew3 hva ,he /&s 9 front1 9 ord] emphatically to po9t out ,him :o suff]$ z a sub/itute1 9 contra/ to ^? :o _h really des]v$ ! puni%m5t3 ,he1 on acc\nt ( our transgressions4 ,!re is no reason = deviat+31 9 ! case ( ,hebrew3 ,hll1 f ! orig9al signification to pi]ce1 & adopt+ ! g5]al signification to w\nd2 ! ,,lxx4 ,greek3 etraumati/h4 ,! *a/isem5t ( our peace is ! *a/isem5t :]eby peace is acquir$ = u4 ,peace /&s z an individualiz+ designation ( salvation2 9 ! _w ( cont5tions1 peace is "o ( ! highe/ bless+s4 ,natural man is on all sides surr\nd$ by enemies2 ,greek3 dikai!ntes ek pi/es eirnn e*om5 pros ton ,!o dia t\ kuri\ hmn ,is\ ,*ri/\1 ,rom4 v4 #a1 & peace ) ,god r5d]s all o!r enemies innocu\s1 & at la/ removes !m altoge!r4 ,! peace is insep>able f ! sub/itution4 ,if ! ,s]vant ( ,god has borne our s9s1 ,he has !reby1 at ! same "t1 acquir$ peace2 =1 j z ,he ent]s into our guilt1 s we n[ ent] into ,8 rew>d4 ,! ju/ice ( ,god has be5 satisfi$ ?r\gh ,him2 & ?us an op5 way has be5 prep>$ = ,8 be/[+ peace & salvation4 ,! *a/isem5t c1 accord+ to ! context1 be only an actual "o1 only su* z consi/s 9 ! infliction ( "s evil4 ,x is 9 misconception & n>r[ness ( view t ! explanation ( ! foll[]s ( ,m5ke orig9at$3 ,! in/ruction = our peace is ) ,him4 ,?is explanation militates aga9/ ! :ole context1 9 :i* n ! doctr9e b ! suff]+ ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god is spok5 (2 aga9/ ! p>allelism ,pg #bhe )3 ,by ,8 w\nds we are heal$2 aga9/ ! ,hebrew3 eliv1 ^u ,him1 :i*1 accord+ to a comp>ison )3 ,he bore our disease1 & took ^u ,him our pa9s1 mu/ indicate t ! puni%m5t lay ^u ! suff]] l a press+ burd54 ,x is only f av]sion to ! doctr9e ( ! vic>i\s satisfaction ( ,*ri/1 t we c acc\nt = ! fact1 t t doctr9e c\ld be s g5]ally receiv$ by t !ological s*ool4 ,m c&id are ! rationali/ic int]pret]s4 ,?us ,hitzig rem>ks3 ,! *a/isem5t ( our peace is n a *a/isem5t :i* w\ld h be5 salut>y = our morality1 nor su* z might s]ve = our salvation1 b accord+ to ! p>allelism1 su* z has s]v$ = our salvation1 & has all[$ u to come (f safe & unhurt4 ,/i]1 too1 endeav\rs to expla9 ! *a/isem5t ( our peace1 9 an artificial way4 ,accord+ to him1 !re is always impli$ 9 ,hebrew3 mvsr ! t5d5cy t[>ds sett+ "r & heal+ ! *a/is$ "o himself2 b :]ev] ?is ^w occurs1 a retributive pa9 & de/ruction are nev] spok5 ( ,b1 9 opposition to ?is view1 !re is ! fact t ,hebrew3 mvsr does n by any means r>ely occur z signify+ ! puni%m5ts :i* are inflict$ ^u /iff-neck$ obduracy1 & :i* be> a de/ructive "*1 & :i*1 !re=e1 _c be d]iv$ f ! pr9ciple ( correction1 b f t ( retribution only4 ,?us1 e4g41 9 ,prov4 xv4 #aj3 ,bad *a/isem5t %all be to ^? t =sake ! way1 & he t hate? *a/isem5t %all die1 on :i* ,mi*aelis rem>ks3 ,9 antanaclasi ad correptionem amicam et pat]num1 mortem et mala quaelibet inf]5s1 9 ira1 ,ps4 vi4 #b4 ,( de/ructive puni%m5t1 too1 ! v]b is us$ 9 ,j]4 ii4 #ai4 ,b "o does n at all see h[ ! idea ( sett+ "r %\ld be suitable "h2 = surely1 z reg>ds ! ,s]vant ( ,god himself1 ! absolutely ,righte\s1 ! suff]+ "h has ! "* ( *a/isem5t4 ,x is n ! m]e suff]+1 b ! *a/isem5t1 :i* is ^u ,him2 b t necess>ily requires t ! puni%m5t %\ld proce$ f ! pr9ciple ( retribution1 & t ! ,s]vant ( ,god /&s =? z our ,sub/itute4--,hebrew3 nrpa1 ,pret]4 ,niph41 h5ce heal+ has be5 be/[$ ^u u2--,hebrew3 rpa ) ,hebrew3 l1 9 ! signification to br+ heal+1 occurs also 9 *ap4 vi4 #aj1 b n[h]e else4 ,! heal+ is an individualis+ designation ( deliv]ance f ! puni%m5ts ( s91 call$ =? by ! ,pg #bhf circum/ance t disease occupi$ s prom95t a place among !m1 & _h !re=e be5 s prom95tly br\ght =w>d 9 :at prec$es4 ,9 h>mony ) ! ,apo/olic quotation1 ! expression cle>ly %[s t ! punitive suff]+s 7 already ly+ ^u ! p]sons speak+2 t by ! ,sub/itute !y 7 n by any means deliv]$ f ! future evils1 b t ! puni%m5t1 ! insep>able companion ( s91 already exi/$1 & 0 tak5 away by ,him4 ,v]4 #f4 ,all we l %eep h gone a/ray1 we h turn$ e "o to 8 own way1 & ! ,"l ha? made ! iniquities ( u all to fall ^u ,him4 ,calv9 rem>ks3 ,9 ord] ! m /rongly to impress ^u ! he>ts ( m5 ! b5efits ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 ! ,prophet %ews h[ necess>y is t heal+ :i* 0 m5tion$ be=e4 ,!re is h]d an elegant anti!sis2 =1 9 ourselves we are scatt]$1 b1 9 ,*ri/ collect$2 by nature we g a/ray & are c>ri$ headlong to de/ruction1--9 ,*ri/ we f9d ! way 9 :i* we are l$ to ! gate ( salvation2 our iniquities cov] & oppress u1--b !y are transf]r$ to ,*ri/ by :om we are unburd5$4--,all we--9 ! fir/ in/ance1 memb]s ( ! cov5ant-p1--n1 h[ev]1 z contra/$ ) ! re/ ( mank9d1 b z p>tak+ 9 ! g5]al human de/9y4--,we h turn$ e "o to 8 own way2 we walk$ ?r\gh life solit>y1 =sak51 mis]able1 sep>at$ f ,god & ! good ,%eph]d1 & depriv$ ( ,8 pa/oral c>e4 ,accord+ to ,h(mann1 ! go+ a/ray designates ! liability to puni%m5t1 b n ! mis]y ( ! speak]s2 & ! words also3 ,we h turn$1 c41 mean1 accord+ to him1 t !y *ose _! own ways1 b n t !y walk$ sorr[ful or mis]able4 ,b ! ord9>y use ( ! image militates aga9/ t view4 ,9 ,ps4 cxix4 #agf3 ,i g a/ray l a lo/ %eep1 seek ?y s]vant1 ! go+ a/ray is a figurative designation ( be+ de/itute ( salvation4 ,! mis]y ( ! condition is indicat$ by ! image ( ! scatt]$ flock1 also 9 #a ,k+s xxii4 #ag3 ,i saw all ,israel scatt]$ ^u ! hills z %eep t h n a %eph]d4 ,mi*aelis p]t95tly rem>ks3 ,no?+ is s mis]able z %eep )\t a %eph]d1--a ?+ :i* ,scripture s (t5 repeats1 ,num4 xxvii4 #ag1 c4 ,z a comm5t>y ^u our passage1 ,ezek4 xxxiv4 #d-f may s]ve2 ,pg #bhg & accord+ to t passage we %all be compell$ to ?9k ( _! be+ de/itute ( ! c>e ( a %eph]d3 ,& !y are scatt]$1 because !re is no ,%eph]d2 & !y become meat to all ! bea/s ( ! field4 ,my %eep w&] on all ! m\nta9s1 & on e high hill1 & ov] ! :ole l& my %eep are scatt]$1 & !re is none t c>e? = !m1 or seeke? !m4 ,! po9t ( comp>ison is v di/9ctly /at$ 9 ,matt4 ix4 #cf also3 ,greek3 idn de t\s o*l\s esplan*ni/he p]i autn1 hoti san eskulm5oi kai erhrim5oi hsei probata m e*onta poim5a4 ,)\t d\bt1 turn+ to "o's own ways is s9ful1 comp4 *ap4 lvi4 #aa2 b "h x is n s mu* ! aspect ( s91 z t ( mis]y1 :i* is notic$4 ,z ! *ief reason ( ! %eep's w&]+ & go+ a/ray1 ! bad condition ( ! %eph]d mu/ be consid]$1 comp4 ,j]4 l4 #f3 ,p]i%+ %eep 7 my p2 _! %eph]ds l$ !m a/ray1 ,john x4 #h3 ,greek3 pantes hosoi pro em\ l?on1 kleptai eisi kai l/ai4--,hebrew3 pge ) ,hebrew3 b signifies to hit2 h5ce ,hiphil1 to cause to hit4 ,! iniquities ( ! :ole community hit ! ,s]vant ( ,god 9 _! puni%m5ts2 b accord+ to ! biblical view1 _! puni%m5ts c come ^u ,him only z su*1 only by ,8 com+ =w>d z a sub/itute = s9n]s1 & n because ,he suff]s = ! guilt ( o!rs to :i* ,he rema9$ a /rang]4 ,by ?is ?r[+ ! guilt ^u ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! condition ( be+ )\t a %eph]d is done away )1 ! flock is ga!r$ f its scatt]$ condition4 ,! wall ( sep>ation :i* 0 rais$ by its guilt1 & :i* sep>at$ x f ,god1 ! f\nta9 ( salvation1 is n[ remov$ by ,8 sub/itution1 & ! words3 ,! ,"l is my ,%eph]d1 n[ become a tru?1 comp4 ,john x4 #d4 ,v]4 #g4 ,he 0 oppress$1 & :5 ,he 0 plagu$1 ,he does n op5 ,8 m\?1 l a lamb :i* is br\ght to ! slaught]1 & z a %eep :i* is dumb be=e h] %e>]s1 & ,he does n op5 8 m\?4 ,9 ^! words1 we h a description ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god bore su* suff]+s4 ,x fl[s necess>ily f ! circum/ance1 t x 0 a vic>i\s suff]+4 ,! sub/itution implies t ,he took !m ^u ,him spontane\sly2 & ?is has pati5ce = its companion4 ,fir/1 ! cont5ts ( v]4 #f are once m summ$ up 9 ! ^w ,hebrew3 ngw1 ,he 0 oppress$3 !n1 ?is condition ( ! ,s]vant ,pg #bhh ( ,god is br\ght into connection ) ,8 conduct1 :i*1 only 9 ?is connection1 appe>s 9 its full maje/y4--,hebrew3 ngw is ! ,pret]ite 9 ,niphal1 & n1 z ,beck ?9ks1 #a/ p]s4 ,fut4 ,kal4 ,= ! ,future w\ld be "h unusual2 ! v]b has else:]e ! ,future 9 o2 ! suffix is want+1 & ! s5se :i* !n arises suits only ! unt5able supposition t1 9 v]s4 #a-aj1 ! ,g5tiles are speak+4 ,! ,niphal occurs 9 #a ,sam4 xiii4 #f1 ( ,israel oppress$ by ! ,phili/9es2 & 9 #a ,sam4 xiv4 #bd1 ( ^? borne d[n by heavy toil & fatigue4 ,hebrew3 ngw & ,hebrew3 n5h to be humbl$1 oppress$1 abus$1 d n1 9 !mselves ess5tially diff]2 x is only on acc\nt ( ! context1 & ! contra/ impli$ 9 x1 t ! same condition is once m designat$ by a ^w :i* is ne>ly synonym\s4 ,! words & ,he sep>ate ,hebrew3 n5h f :at prec$es1 & connect x ) :at foll[s4 ,! explanation3 ,he 0 oppress$1 b ,he suff]$ pati5tly1 has ?is oppos$ to x1 t ! two ,niphals1 foll[+ imm$iately ^u "o ano!r1 _c "h /& 9 a diff]5t mean+4 ,! idea ( pati5ce w\ld "h n be a collat]al1 b ! ma9 idea1 & h5ce1 c\ld n /& )\t a /rong] designation4--,9 ,hebrew3 ipt,h1 ! real ,future has tak5 ! place ( ! ideal ,pa/2 x %[s t ! prec$+ ,pret]ites are to be consid]$ z prophetical1 & t1 9 po9t ( fact1 ! suff]+ ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god is no less future ?an ,8 glorification4 ,! lamb po9ts back to ,exod4 xii4 #c1 & designates ,*ri/ z ! true pas*al lamb4 ,) a ref]5ce to ! v]se "u consid]ation1 ,john ! ,bapti/ calls ,*ri/ ! ,lamb ( ,god1 ,john i4 #bi2 comp4 #a ,pet4 i4 #ah1 #ai2 ,acts viii4 #cb-ce4 ,b s9ce x is n ! vic>i\s "* ( ,*ri/'s suff]+s :i* "h1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 comes into consid]ation1 b ,8 pati5ce "u !m1 ! lamb is associat$ ) ! female %eep1 & t n 9 relation to h] slay]s1 b to h] %e>]s4 ,! la/ words3 ,& ,he does n op5 ,8 m\?1 are n to be ref]r$ to ! lamb1 z "s ?9k1 7ev5 ! circum/ance t ! prec$+ ,hebrew3 r,hl is a fem99e n\n militates aga9/ ?is view71 b1 l ! fir/3 ,he does n op5 ,8 m\?1 to ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,x is an expressive repetition1 & "o :i* is int5d$ to direct att5tion to ?is feature2 comp4 ! close ( v]4 #c2 ,g54 xlix4 #d3 ,judges v4 #af4 ,! fulfilm5t is %[n by #a ,pet4 ii4 #bc3 ,pg #bhi ,greek3 hos loidor\m5os ouk anteloidorei1 pas*n ouk peilei1 p>$id\ de t kr9onti dikais2 & likewise ,matt4 xxvii4 #ab-ad3 ,greek3 kai en t katgorei/hai auton hupo tn ar*i]en kai tn presbut]n ou5 apekr9ato4 ,tote legei aut ho ,pilatos4 ouk ak\eis posas\ katam>tur\si2 kai ouk apekri? aut pros oud5 h5 rhma1 h/e ?aumaze9 ton hgemona lian4 ,comp4 xxvi4 #fb2 ,m>k xv4 #e2 ,luke xxiii4 #i2 ,john xix4 #i4 ,! ?ird subdivision ( ! pr9cipal portion1 v]s4 #h-aj1 describes ! rew>d ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 by exp&+ ! words3 ,k+s %all %ut _! m\?s on acc\nt ( ,him1 9 *ap4 lii4 #ae1 & ,he %all be exalt$1 9 v]4 #ac4 ,v]4 #h4 ,f oppression & f judgm5t ,he 0 tak51 & ,8 g5]ation :o c ?9k x out2 = ,he 0 cut ( out ( ! l& ( ! liv+ = ! transgression ( my p1 ^: ! puni%m5t4 ,god--su* is ! s5se--takes ,him to himself f heavy oppression1 & ,he :o app>5tly 0 de/roy$ )\t leav+ a trace1 receives an inf9itely num]\s g5]ation 7comp>e ,john xii4 #cb3 ,greek3 kag hean hups? ek ts gs pantas helkus pros emauton71 z a des]v$ rew>d = hav+1 by ,8 viol5t dea?1 aton$ = ! s9s ( ,8 p1 deliv]$ !m f de/ruction1 & acquir$ !m = ,8 prop]ty4--,hebrew3 ecr oppression1 z ,ps4 cvii4 #ci1 prop]ly1 accord+ to ! signification ( ! v]b3 ,%utt+ up1 re/ra9+1 h9d]+4 ,f :at goes be=e1 :]e ! evils f :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god is "h deliv]$ are describ$ m 9 detail1 x appe>s t "h we h n to ?9k ( a prison prop]ly s call$2 = !re1 x is n a prison1 b abuse & oppression :i* are spok5 (4--,hebrew3 mwp,t is commonly ref]r$ to ! judgm5t :i* ! enemies ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god pass$ ^u ,him1 ,! premis$ ,hebrew3 ecr !n furni%es ! di/9ct qualification ( ! judgm5t1 %[s t t :i*1 9 a =mal po9t ( view1 pres5ts itself z a judicial proce$+1 is1 9 po9t ( fact1 heavy oppression4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 ,hebrew3 mwp,t s]ves z a limitation = ,hebrew3 ecr4 ,we le>n f x t ! hatr$ ( ! enemies mov$ )9 ! limits ( judicial proce$+s1--j z x happ5$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/4 ,b beh9d ! human judgm5t1 ! div9e is conceal$1 ,j]4 i4 #af2 ,ezek4 v4 #h2 ,ps4 cxliii4 #b4 ,?is is %[n by :at prec$es1 :]e ! suff]+ ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god is s emphatically & repeat$ly designat$ z ! puni%m5t ( s9 inflict$ ^u ,pg #bij ,him by ,god4--,hebrew3 lq,h ) ,hebrew3 m,n to be tak5 away f2 accord+ to ,/i]3 tak5 away f suff]+1 be+ deliv]$ f x by ,god's hav+ tak5 ,him to himself1 to ! l& ( et]nal bliss4 ,?is view1 accord+ to :i* ! words ref] to ! glorification ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 has be5 adopt$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,x is adopt$ by ! ,vulgate3 ,de angu/ia et judicio sublatus e/2 by ,j]ome1 :o says on ?is passage3 ,f tribulation & judgm5t ,he asc5d$1 z a conqu]or1 to ! ,fa!r2 & by ,mi*aelis :o ?us int]prets x3 ,he 0 tak5 away1 & receiv$ at ! "r h& ( ! ,maje/y4 ,by sev]al int]pretations1 ! words are /ill ref]r$ to ! /ate ( humiliation ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god3 ,?r\gh oppression & judgm5t ,he 0 dragg$ to execution4 ,b ! ,prophet has already1 9 v]4 #c1 f9i%$ ! description ( ! m]e suff]+s ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god--v]s4 #d-g exhibit ! cause ( ,8 suff]+s & ,8 conduct "u !m2 ,hebrew3 lq,h _c1 by itself1 signify to be dragg$ to execution--9 t case1 z 9 ,prov4 xxiv4 #aa1 to dea? w\ld h be5 add$2 ,hebrew3 m,n mu/ be tak5 9 ! signification1 f1 out (1 z 9 ! subsequ5t ,hebrew3 mar,c1 comp>e #b ,k+s iii4 #i1 :]e ,hebrew3 lq,h ) ,hebrew3 m,n signifies to take f4 ,9 ! passage "u consid]ation1 z well z 9 ^? two passages :i* ref] to ! asc5sion ( ,elijah1 !re is a di/9ct allusion to ,g54 v4 #bd1 :]e x is said ( ,eno*3 ,& he 0 no m1 = ,god _h tak5 him4--,& ,8 g5]ation :o c ?9k x out8 ,hebrew3 dvr1 prop]ly circle1 is n only ! communion ( ^? :o are connect$ by co-exi/5ce1 b also ( ^? :o are connect$ by disposition1 be x good or bad4#f ,?us1 ! g5]ation ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god 9 ,ps4 lxxiii4 #ae2 ! g5]ation ( ! righte\s1 ,ps4 xiv4 #e2 ! g5]ation ( ! upright1 9 ,ps4 cxii4 #b4 ,"h1 ! g5]ation ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god is ! communion ( ^? :o are animat$ by ,8 ,_s1 fill$ ) ,8 life4 ,?is company w1 aft] ,8 dea?1 increase to an inf9ite greatness4 ,hebrew3 wv,h & ,hebrew3 wi,h to m$itate1 is commonly connect$ ) ,hebrew3 b ( ! object1 b occurs also ) ,pg #bia ! simple ,accusative1 9 ! signification to m$itate ^u some?+1 9 ,ps4 cxlv4 #e4 ,!re is1 z x appe>s1 an allusion to ! promise to ,abraham1 ,g54 xiii4 #af3 ,& ,i make ?y se$ z ! du/ ( ! e>?1 s t if a man c numb] ! du/ ( ! e>?1 !n %all ?y se$ also be numb]$1--a promise :i* receiv$ its complete fulfilm5t j by ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,! explanation :i* we h giv5 0 adopt$ by ! ,,lxx43 ,greek3 tn g5ean aut\ tis digsetai4 ,next to x1 comes ! explanation3 ,:o c ?9k out ,8 po/]ity2 b aga9/ ?is1 x is conclusive t ,hebrew3 dvr nev] occurs 9 ! signification po/]ity4 ,! p>allel passage 9 v]4 #aj3 ,he %all see se$1 or po/]ity1 holds good ev5 = our view2 = s9ce ! po/]ity is a spiritual "o1 x is sub/antially id5tical ) g5]ation "h4 ,b x may1 a priori1 be expect$ t ! same ?+ %all be designat$ f v>i\s aspects4 ,if g5]ation be tak5 9 ! signification po/]ity1 !n ! words3 ,he %all see se$ w\ld be a m]e repetition4 ,! appropriat5ess ( ! s5se :i*1 accord+ to our explanation1 comes out1 w become especially evid5t1 if we consid] t1 9 v]s4 #h-aj1 we h ! c>ry+ out ( t :i*1 9 ! sket*1 0 said ( ! respectful homage ( ! _m nations & k+s4 ,a :ole ho/ ( explanations assigns to ,hebrew3 dvr significations :i* _c be v9dicat$4 ,?us1 ! translation ( ,lu!r3 ,:o %all disclose ! l5g? ( ,8 life8 t ( ,hitzig3 ,8 de/9y2 t ( ,beck3 ,8 importance & influ5ce 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w2 t ( ,knobel3 ,8 dwell+ place1 i4e41 ,8 grave1 :o consid]$8 ,! signification1 dwell+ place1 does n at all belong to ,hebrew3 dvr4 ,9 ,isaiah xxxviii4 #ab1 ,hebrew3 dvr are ! cotempor>ies f :om ! dy+ man is tak5 away1 & :o are )drawn f him3 ,my g5]ation is tak5 away1 & remov$ f me l a %eph]d's t5t--dy+ ,hezekiah !re lam5ts4 ,inadmissible1 likewise1 is ! explanation3 ,:o ( ,8 cotempor>ies w consid]1 or consid]$1 x = ,hebrew3 at1 ! sign ( ! ,accusative1 _c /& be=e ! ,nom94 ,absol4 ,9 ,nehem4 ix4 #cd1 ?is use is by no means c]ta91 &1 at all ev5ts1 we _c draw any inf]5ce f ! language ( ,nehemiah z to t ( ,isaiah4 ,! ,ellipses3 ! true cause ( ,8 dea?1 ! importance & fruit ( ,8 dea?1 ! salvation ly+ beh9d x 7,/i]71 are v ,pg #bib h>d1 & ! s5se :i* is pur*as$ by su* sacrifices is r a common-place "o1 little suitable to ?is context1 & to ! relation to *ap4 lii4 #ae4--;,= ,he 0 cut (f f ! l& ( ! liv+1 = ! transgression ( my p1 ^: ! puni%m5t4 ,! reason is "h /at$ :y ! ,s]vant ( ,god receives s glori\s a rew>d2 :y1 aft] ,he has be5 remov$ to ,god1 a g5]ation s inf9itely great is grant$ to ,him4 ,he has des]v$ ?is rew>d by ,8 hav+ suff]$ = ! s9s ( ,8 p1 z _! sub/itute4 ,! fir/ clause mu/ n be sep>at$ f ! second3 = ! transgression1 c4 ,= x is n ! circum/ance1 t ! ,s]vant ( ,god suff]$ a viol5t dea? at all1 b t = ! s9 ( ,8 p ,he took x ^u ,him1 :i* is ! gr\nd ( ,8 glorification4 ,hebrew3 ngzr to be cut (f nev] occurs ( a quiet1 natural dea?2 n ev5 9 ! passage1 quot$ 9 support ( ?is use ( ! ^w1 viz41 ,psa4 lxxxviii4 #f2 ,lam4 iii4 #ed1 b always ( a viol5t1 premature dea?4 ,! cognate ,hebrew3 ngrz also has1 9 ,psa4 xxxi4 #bc1 ! signification ( ext]m9ation4 ,hebrew3 lmv1 poetical =m = ,hebrew3 lh,m1 ref]s to ! collective ,hebrew3 e,m4 ,be=e x1 ! relative pron\n is to be und]/ood3 = ! s9 ( my p1 ^: ! puni%m5t1 q4d41 ^: prop]ty ! puni%m5t 01 to :om x belong$4 ,/i] pref]s to adopt ! mo/ viol5t int]pretation r ?an to con=m & yield to ?is s simple s5se1 :i*1 z he says1 c\ld be ent]ta9$ only by t obsolete !ory ( sub/itution :]e "o saves ! o!r f suff]+4 ,sev]al int]pret]s take ! suffix 9 ,hebrew3 lmv z a ,s+ul>3 on acc\nt ( ! transgression ( my p1 puni%m5t 0 to ,him4 ,& passages1 inde$1 are n want+ :]e ! supposition t ,hebrew3 mv designates ! ,s+ul>1 has "s appe>ance ( probability2 b1 ^u a clos] exam9ation1 ?is appe>ance ev]y:]e vani%es4#g ,moreov]1 z we h already rem>k$1 x is1 on acc\nt ( ! s5se1 inadmissible to sep>ate ! two clauses4--,by ,hebrew3 emi my p1 ! hypo!sis ( ! non-,messianic int]pret]s is set aside1 t 9 ,pg #bic v]s4 #a-aj ! ,g5tiles are speak+4 ,x is a s+le p to :i* ! speak]s belong1 ! cov5ant-p1 = ^: b5efit ! atonem5t & sub/itution ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god 71 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 int5d$ 7comp4 ,greek3 ssei ton laon haut\ apo tn ham>tin autn1 ,mat?4 i4 #ba7 yea1 71 to a c]ta9 degree1 exclusively int5d$1 inasmu* z ! believ+ ,g5tiles 7 receiv$ into x z adopt$ *ildr54 ,x is a =c$ exp$i5t to say3 e s+le individual ( ! ,g5tiles1 or ( _! pr9ces1 says t ! ,s]vant ( ,god has suff]$ = ! s9 ( ,8 p1 h5ce also = ,8 own4 ,& j z inadmissible is ! supposition t a repres5tative ( ! hea!n _w is speak+2 ! :ole hea!n _w _c be designat$ z a p4 ,v]4 #i4 ,& !y gave ,him ,8 grave ) ! wick$1 & ) a ri* 9 ,8 dea?1 because ,he _h done no viol5ce1 nei!r 0 any deceit 9 ,8 m\?4 ,hebrew3 vit,n is int5tionally )\t a def9ite ,subject1 q4d43 x 0 giv5 to ,him1 ,ewald #bgc;a4 ,! act+ subject c\ld n be at all m di/9ctly m>k$ out1 because !re 0 a d\ble subject4 ,m5 fix$ = ,him ! ignom9i\s grave ) crim9als2 by ! provid5ce ( ,god1 ,he receiv$ ! hon\rable grave ) a ri*1 & t = ! sake ( ,8 innoc5t suff]+s1 z a prelude to ! great] glorification :i*1 z a rew>d1 0 to be be/[$ ^u ,him1 z an example ( :at is said 9 v]4 #ab3 ,he %all divide spoil ) ! /rong4 ,! wick$ :o are buri$ ap>t f o!rs1 c be ! real crim9als only1 ! transgressors 9 v]4 #ab4 ,crim9als receiv$1 among ! ,jews1 an ignom9i\s burial4 ,?us ,josephus1 ,ar*4 iv4 #h1 #f1 says3 ,he :o has blasphem$ ,god %all1 aft] hav+ be5 /on$1 be hung up = a day1 & be buri$ quietly & )\t hon\r4 ,maimonides 7see ,ik5 on ?is passage 9 ! ,biblia ,hagana ii4 #b7 says3 ,^? :o h be5 execut$ by ! c\rt ( ju/ice are n by any means buri$ 9 ! graves ( _! ance/ors2 b !re are two graves appo9t$ = !m by ! c\rt ( ju/ice1--"o = ! /on$ & burnt2 ! o!r = ! decapitat$ & /rangl$4 ,j z ! ,prophet _h1 9 ! prec$+ v]se1 said t ! ,s]vant ( ,god w\ld die a viol5t dea? l a crim9al1 s he says "h1 t !y _h also fix$ = ,him a grave 9 common ) execut$ crim9als4 ,& ) a ri* ,pg #bid 7!y gave ,him ,8 grave7 9 ,8 dea?3 !y gave ,him ,8 grave1 fir/ ) ! wick$2 b1 inde$1 ,he receiv$ x ) a ri*1 s9ce ,god's provid5ce 0 wat*+ ov] ! dead body ( ,8 ,s]vant4 ,hebrew3 vit,n1 9 s f> z x ref]s to ! fir/ clause1 receives its limitation by ! second4 ,be=e _! fulfilm5t1 ! words _h ! "* ( a holy riddle2 b ! fulfilm5t has solv$ ?is riddle4 ,! designation ( ,joseph ( ,arima!a z ,greek3 an?rpos pl\sios 9 ,matt4 xxvi4 #eg1 is equival5t to an express quotation4 ,al?\gh x 0 by a special div9e provid5ce t ! ,s+ul> 0 *os51 yet we may suppose t1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! ri* man "h is contra/$ ) ! wick$ m51 & is an ideal p]son1 ! p]sonifi$ idea ( ! species4 ,9 ,8 dea? is1 9 po9t ( fact1 equival5t to3 aft] ,he _h di$2 b1 not)/&+1 !re is no necessity = giv+ to ! ,hebrew3 b ! signification aft]4 ,dea? r d5otes ! condition ( dea?2 9 dea? is contra/$ )3 9 life4 ,altoge!r 9 ! same mann] we f9d 9 ,lev4 xi4 #ca3 ,:osoev] do? t\* !m 9 _! dea?1 =1 aft] !y h di$4 ,f>!r--#a ,k+s xiii4 #ca3 ,9 my dea? y %all bury me 9 ! sepul*re4 ,! ,plural ,hebrew3 mvti,m ! dea?s1 conditions ( dea?1 _c be adduc$ z a pro( t ! subject ( ! prophecy mu/ be a collective p]son2 =1 9 t case1 r ! ,plural ( ! suffix w\ld be requir$ 7,ps4 lxxviii4 #fd is a r>e exception72 & 9 ,ezek4 xxviii4 #h1 #aj1 dea? is likewise spok5 ( 9 ! ,plural4 ,! ,plural is =m$ aft] ! analogy ( ,hebrew3 ,hii,m1 = :i* reason x comm5ds itself to expla9 ,hebrew3 ar,c ,hii,m 9 ! prec$+ v]se1 l& ( life1 in/ead ( l& ( ! liv+4 ,b ! ,plural c "h ! less occasion any difficulty1 t x is n dy+ :i* is spok5 (1 b ! cont9u+ condition ( dea?4--,because ,he _h done no viol5ce1 c4 ,hebrew3 el v frequ5tly d5otes ! cause ^u :i* ! effect dep5ds1 e4g41 9 #a ,k+s xvi4 #g2 ,ps4 xliv4 #bc1 lxix4 #h2 ,j]4 xv4 #ae2 ,job xxxiv4 #f4 ,! :ole foll[+ clause is treat$ z a n\n4 ,ord9>ily1 x is expla9$3 ,al?\gh1 c4 ,b ?is use ( ,hebrew3 el is q isolat$2 x occurs only 9 two passages ( ! ,book ( ,job1 9 x4 #g & xxxiv4 #f4 ,! =m] explanation is f\nd 9 ! ,alex&4 v]sion3 ,greek3 hoti anomian ouk epoise4 ,! innoc5ce is designat$ negatively1 & 9 an ext]nal mann] 7 ,hebrew3 ,hms & ,hebrew3 mrmh are gross s9s74 ,! reason ( ?is is ,pg #bie 9 ! int5tion ( ,8 enemies1 :i* is express$ 9 ! prec$+ words1 to give ,him ,8 grave ) ! wick$4 ,s9ce ,he _h n act$ l !m1 ,god took c>e t ,he did n receive _! ignom9i\s burial1 b an hon\rable "o4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! passage "u consid]ation1 x is said 9 #a ,pet4 ii4 #bb3 ,greek3 hos am>tian ouk epoise oude heure! dolos en t /omati aut\4 ,in/ead ( viol5ce1 ,pet] int5tionally employs s94--,h(mann has advanc$ ! foll[+ argum5ts aga9/ ! explanation :i* we h giv54 #a4 ,by :at is ?is contra/ 7:i*1 accord+ to our explanation1 is conta9$ 9 ! words3 ,!y gave ,him ,8 grave ) ! wick$1 & ) a ri* man 9 ,8 dea?7 to be recogniz$ 9 ! text8 ,!re rema9s no trace ( a contra/1 unless x be conta9$ 9 ,hebrew3 rwei,m & ,hebrew3 ewir4 ,are ^! really two ideas s contradictory1 t !y alone are suffici5t to br+ into contr>iety two clauses :i* h altoge!r ! appe>ance ( be+ int5d$ = ! same purpose8 ,b 9 ?is argum5t1 ,h(mann ov]looks ! circum/ance1 t ! wick$ are specially crim9als--= !y alone _h a peculi> grave--& t x is n ! g5]al relation ( ! wick$ & ri* to "o ano!r :i* comes into consid]ation1 b especially ! relation 9 :i* !y /& to "o ano!r z reg>ds ! burial4 ,if ?is be kept 9 view1 x is at once evid5t t ! contr>iety is express$ ) suffici5t cle>ness4 ,f ,isa4 xxii4 #af2 ,job xxi4 #cb2 ,matt4 xxvii4 #eg1 x appe>s t ! ri* man1 & ! hon\rable grave1 are closely connect$ ) ea* o!r4 ,h5ce1 x mu/ h be5 by an opposite activity t to ! ,s]vant ( ,god a grave 0 assign$ ) ! wick$1 & ) a ri*4 #b4 ,to be ri* is n 9 itself a s9 :i* des]v$ an ignom9i\s burial1 f> less receiv$ x1 b on ! o!r h&1 to f9d 8 grave ) a ri* man is n an indemnification to ! j = ! disgrace ( hav+ di$ ! dea? ( a crim9al4 ,b ! fact t ! fir/ ,evangeli/ reports x s m9utely 7,matt4 xxvii4 #eg-fa7 cle>ly en\gh %[s ! importance ( ! circum/ance2 comp4 also h[ ,john1 9 *ap4 xix4 #cc ff41 po9ts out ! circum/ance t ,*ri/'s legs 7 n brok51 z 7 ^? ( ! malefactors4 ,9 ! little1 ! great is prep>$ & prefigur$4 ,& al?\gh ! burial ) a ri* man is1 9 itself1 ( no small importance :5 view$ z ! fir/ po9t :]e ! exaltation ,pg #bif began--9 ! connection ) ! prec$+ & foll[+ v]ses1 we _c b look ^u x z be+ symbolically significant & important4 ,& h[ c\ld x be o!rwise1 s9ce ! burial ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god ) a ri* man implies t ! ri* man himself has be5 ga9$ = ,him8 ,x has1 f>!r1 be5 object$ t ,*ri/ 0 n buri$ ) ,joseph1 b 9 8 grave only1 b 9 an ideal po9t ( view ) has its full "r4 ,comp4 *ap4 xiv4 #ai1 :]e x is said to ! k+ ( ,babylon3 ,b ?\ art ca/ out ( ?y grave1 al?\gh1 bodily1 he _h n yet be5 9 ! grave2 b he _h a "r to come l 8 ance/ors2 he _h1 9 an ideal po9t ( view1 tak5 8 place !re4--,beck says3 ,! or?odox expositors are /rongly emb>rass$ ) ^! words4 ,t is inde$ a rem>kable int]*ange ( positions4 ,emb>rassm5t6--t is ! sign ( ev]y?+ :i* unscriptural exegesis advances on ?is v]se4 ,x is conc5trat$ 9 ! ,hebrew3 ewir4 ,! mo/ v>i$ conjectures & freaks are "h s _m symptoms ( helpless emb>rassm5t4 ,accord+ to ! op9ion ( sev]al int]pret]s1 ! ri* man "h /&s 9 ! s5se ( ! ungodly4 ,9 ?is1 ev5 ,lu!r 7m>g9al note3 ri* man1 "o :o 9 8 do+s f\nds himself on ri*es1 i4e41 an ungodly man71 & ,calv9 _h prec$$ !m4 ,! ass]tion t ! ri*1 c simply /& = ! wick$1 c nei!r be prov$ f ,job xxvii4 #ai 7= !re1 accord+ to ! context1 ! ri* is equival5t to he :o is wick$1 not)/&+ 8 ri*es71 nor f ! ^w ( ! ,"l 9 ,matt4 xix4 #bc3 ,greek3 duskols pl\sios eiseleusetai eis tn basileian tn ourann4 ,= t :i*1 on a special occasion1 ! ,"l "h says ( ! ri*1 applies to ! poor also4 ,pov]ty1 n less ?an weal?1 is encompass$ ) ob/acles to conv]sion1 :i* c be remov$ only by ! omnipot5ce ( div9e grace4 ,accord+ to ,matt4 xiii4 #bb1 ! ^w is n only *ok$ by ! deceitfulness ( ri*es1 b is z mu* s by c>e also1 ! dang]s ( :i* are p>ticul>ly set =? by our ,"l 9 ,matt4 vi4 #be ff4 ,9 ,prov4 xxx4 #h1 #i x is said3 ,give me nei!r pov]ty nor ri*es1 le/ ,i be full & d5y !e1 & say3 ,:]e is ! ,"l8 or le/ ,i be poor & /eal1 & take ! "n ( my ,god 9 va94 ,! dang]s ( ri*es are m frequ5tly po9t$ out 9 ,scripture ?an ^? ( pov]ty2 b ?is fact is acc\nt$ = by ! circum/ance1 t ri*es are surr\nd$ ,pg #big ) a glitt]+ appe>ance1 & t x is !re=e necess>y to w>n ^? :o are apt to *oose !m = _! highe/ good4 ,/i] rightly calls to m9d ! promise ( e>?ly bless+s to ^? :o fe> ,god4 ,b ! circum/ance mu/ n be ov]look$ t ! ri* comes "h into consid]ation1 *iefly z to 8 burial4 ,! ,prophet w\ld !n n only proce$ f ! idea t all ri* p are wick$1 b also w\ld simply suppose t all ! ri* receive an ignom9i\s burial4 ,b ( t1 ! p>able ( ! ri* man 9 ,luke xvi4 #bb1 kn[s no?+3 ,greek3 ape?ane de kai ho pl\sios kai etaph1 accord+ to 8 ri*es2 x is 9 hell only t he receives 8 rew>d4 ,9 opposition to ,ges5ius1 ,hitzig rem>ks3 ,t transition ( ! signification is a fable4 ,foll[+ ! example ( ,m>t9i he d]ives ,hebrew3 ewir f ! ,arabic4 ,b 9 opposition to t1 ,ges5ius aga9 rem>ks 9 ! ,!saurus3 ,s$ haud m9oribus difficultatibus laborat ea ratio1 qua improbitatis significatum volu]unt ,m>t9ius et ,hitzigius1 collata nimirum radice ,hebrew3 ewr caespitavit4 ,tum enim haec radix nullam prorsum cum v]bo ,hebrew3 ewr necessitud9em habet1 ita ut ,hebrew3 ewir h4 l4 ,greek3 ap4 leg4 esset2 tum caespit&i vis nusquam ad peccatum1 licet ad =tunam adv]sam1 translata e/4 ,if1 ) words ( su* frequ5t occurr5ce1 x 7 all[able to se>* 9 ! dialects1 ! bus9ess ( ! exp\nd] w\ld be a v ungrateful "o4 ,nor does ! =m1 :i* is commonly passive1 fav\r ?is int]pretation4 ,accord+ to ,beck1 ,hebrew3 ewir is ano!r =m = ,hebrew3 eri,c4 ,o!rs w\ld *ange ! read+4 ,ewald proposes ,hebrew3 ewiq2 ,btt*]1 ,hebrew3 ewi re4 ,aga9/ all ^? conjectures1 moreov]1 ! circum/ance militates1 t1 accord+ to !m1 ! v]se w\ld /ill belong to ! humiliation ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god2 :]eas ! description ( ! glorification _h already begun 9 ! prec$+ v]se4 ,= ,hebrew3 bmvtiv 9 ,8 dea?1 ,ges5ius & o!rs propose to read ,hebrew3 bmvtiv1 to :i* !y assign ! signification ,8 tomb-hill4 ,b1 altoge!r ap>t f ?is arbitr>y *ange ( ! v[els1 !re is oppos$ to ?is conjecture ! circum/ance1 t ,hebrew3 bmh nev] occurs ( ! grave4 ,accord+ to ,ges5ius1 ,hebrew3 bmvt1 9 ,ezek4 xliii4 means tombs2 b ! common signification high places1 mu/ be reta9$ !re also4 ,9 a spiritual po9t ( view ! sanctu>ies ( ! ,"l _h become high places4 ,v]4 #aj4 ,& ! ,"l 0 pleas$ pa9fully to cru% ,pg #bih ,him3 :5 ,8 s\l ha? giv5 re/itution1 ,he %all see se$1 ,he %all prolong ,8 days1 & ! pleasure ( ! ,"l %all prosp] ?r\gh ,8 h&4 ,& ! ,"l 0 pleas$--,?is pleasure ( ! ,"l is n su* an "o z proce$s f caprice4 ,! gr\nd on :i* x re/s has already be5 m9utely exhibit$ 9 :at prec$es4 ,by ! vic>i\s influ5ce ( ?is suff]+1 peace is to be acquir$ = mank9d2 & s9ce ?is object is bas$ ^u ! div9e nature1 ^u ,god's m]cy1 ! *oice ( ! means also1 by :i* alone x c\ld be atta9$ 7=1 )\t a violation ( ! div9e "*1 s9 c\ld n rema9 unpuni%$71 mu/ be trac$ to ! div9e "*4 ,"h ! gr\nd on :i* ! pleasure re/s is /at$ 9 ! words imm$iately foll[+1--a connection :i* is cle>ly indicat$ by ! obvi\s relation 9 :i* ! ,hebrew3 ,hp,c ihvh ( ! close /&s to ,hebrew3 ihvh ,hp,c ( ! beg9n+2 s t ! s5se is3 ,x 0 ! pleasure1 c41 & ?is = ! purpose t1 aft] hav+ made an (f]+ = s91 ,he %\ld see se$1 c4 ,h5ce ! pleasure ( ! ,"l has ?is 9 view3--t ! w ( ! ,"l %\ld be realiz$1 ,8 ,s]vant glorifi$1 & ! salvation ( mank9d promot$4 ,pa9fully to cru% ,him4 ,hebrew3 ,hlh to be sick1 to suff] pa9s4 ,9 ?is s5se ! ,niphal occurs 9 ,amos vi4 #f1 & ! p>ticiple ,hebrew3 n,hlh 9 ! signification pa9ful1 griev\s1 9 ,nah4 iii4 #ai2 ,j]4 xiv4 #ag1 & o!r passages1 ,9 ,hiphil x means3 to make pa9ful1 ,mic4 vi4 #ac4 ,! common explanation1 ,! ,"l 0 pleas$ to cru% ,him1 ,he has made ,him sick1 has ?is aga9/ x1 t ,copula & ,suffix are want+ 9 ,hebrew3 h,hli1 & t ! ^w w\ld come 9 unconnect$1 & 9 a v disagreeable mann]4 ,& !n ! passage 9 ,micah1 :i* we h quot$1 decides aga9/ x4--,:5 ,8 s\l ha? giv5 re/itution4 ,!re _c be any d\bt t1 9 a =mal po9t ( view1 x is ! s\l :i* gives re/itution4 ,knobel's explanation3 ,8 s\l gives itself1 is n c\nt5anc$ by ! usus loqu5di2 ,hebrew3 wi,m is n a reflective v]b4 ,z little c we suppose ) ,h(mann t ,hebrew3 twi,m is ! second p]son1 & an address to ,jehovah4 ,9 opposition to ?is view1 !re is n only ! circum/ance t ,jehovah is spok5 ( be=e & aft]w>ds1 b1 9 a mat]ial po9t ( view1 ! circum/ance also1 t (f]+s = s91 &1 g5]ally1 all sacrifices1 7 nev] (f]$ up by ,god1 ,pg #bii b always to ,god4 ,! fact also1 t accord+ to ! sequel1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god receives ! rew>d = ,8 m]itori\s "w1 proves t x is ,he :o (f]s up ! sacrifice4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 x is1 9 po9t ( fact1 ! s\l only :i* c be ! (f]+1 ! re/itution2 = x c\ld sc>cely be imag9$ t1 j "h1 t %\ld be omitt$ on :i* ev]y?+ ma9ly dep5ds4 ,x is suffici5tly evid5t1 f :at prec$es1 :o x is t (f]s ! re/itution2 :at ! re/itution 01 x 0 necess>y di/9ctly to po9t out4 ,f>!r--,9 ! case ( sacrifices1 x is j ! s\l ^u :i* e ?+ dep5ds2 s t if ! s\l be m5tion$ 9 a context :i* treats ( sacrifices1 x is1 a priori1 probable t x w be ! object (f]$ up4 ,9 ,lev4 xvii4 #aa1 x is said3 ,= ! s\l ( ! fle% is 9 ! blood1 & ,i give x to y ^u ! alt>1 to atone = y\r s\ls1 = x is ! blood t make? an atonem5t = ! s\l1 viz41 by ! s\l p] animam1 vi animae 9 eo sangu9e con/antis 7,gussetius74#h ,! s\l1 :5 ?us consid]$ z ! passive object1 is "h !re=e 9 a high degree 9 its prop] place2 & !re c ! less be any d\bt ( its occurr+ "h 9 ?is s5se1 t x occurs twice m 9 v]s4 #aa & #ab1 ( ! natural psy*ical life ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 :i* 0 giv5 up to suff]+ & dea?4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if ! s\l be consid]$ z ! active object1 x /&s "h at all ev5ts r idle1--a circum/ance :i* is suffici5tly app>5t f ! supposition ( sev]al int]pret]s1 t ,hebrew3 npw s\l1 /&s "h simply = ! p]sonal pron\n1--,8 s\l1 = ,he1 a usus loqu5di :i* occurs 9 ,arabic1 b n 9 ,hebrew4 ,&1 /rictly speak+1 ! (f]+ ( ! sacrifice does n belong to ! s\l1 b to ! _s ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 comp>e ,heb4 ix4 #ad1 accord+ to :i* passage1 ,*ri/ ,greek3 dia pneumatos aini\ heauton prosn5k5 ammon t ,!2 & on ! subject ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 s\l & _s1 comp>e my ,comm5t>y on ,ps4 iv4 p4 lxxxvii4 ,b h[ w x n[ be possible to reconcile & h>monize ,pg #cjj our two results1 t1 9 a =mal po9t ( view1 ! s\l is t :i* (f]s up1 &1 9 a mat]ial po9t ( view1 t :i* is (f]$ up8 ,by ! hypo!sis t1 9 a rhetorical way ( speak+1 t is "h assign$ to ! s\l z an action :i*1 9 po9t ( fact1 is done ^u x4 ,all t is necess>y is to translate3 ,if ,8 s\l puts or gives a trespass-(f]+2 =1 to put1 /&s "h1 z x does s frequ5tly1 9 ! s5se ( to give1 comp>e ,ezek4 xx4 #bh1 :]e x is us$ 9 ?is s5se 9 ref]5ce to sacrifice4 ,b1 9 po9t ( fact1 ?is is equival5t to3 ,if x is made a trespass-(f]+1 or1 ,if ,he1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 (f]s x z a trespass-(f]+4 ,x is analog\s to ?is :51 9 ,job xiv4 #bb1 ! s\l ( ! deceas$ lam5ts2 & a cognate mode ( repres5tation prevails 9 ,rev4 vi4 #i1 :]e1 to ! s\ls ( ! sla91 life is assign$ = ! sole purpose ( _! giv+ utt]ance to t :i* 0 ! result ( ! ?\ght reg>d+ !m1 9 comb9ation ) ! circum/ances ( ! "t4 ,to a c]ta9 degree analog\s is also *ap4 lx4 #g1 :]e x is said ( ! sacrificial animals3 ,!y asc5d1 = my pleasure1 m9e alt>4 ,! fact t x is 9 reality ! s\l :i* is (f]$ up1 is confirm$ also by ! rem>kable ref]5ce to ! passage be=e u 9 ! disc\rses ( our ,"l4 ,our ,"l says 9 ,john x4 #ab3 ,greek3 eg eimi ho poimn ho kalos4 ho poimn ho kalos tn *u*n haut\ ti?s9 hup] tn probatn4 ,v]4 #ae3 ,greek3 kai tn *u*n m\ ti?mi hup] tn probatn4 ,v]s4 #ag1 #ah3 ,greek3 dia t\to ho patr me agapa1 hoti eg ti?mi tn psu*n m\ h9a pal9 lab autn4 ,oudeis airei autn ap'em\1 all'eg ti?mi autn ap'emaut\4 ex\sian e* !9ai autn1 kai ex\sian e* pal9 labe9 autn4 ,9 ,john xv4 #ac3 ,greek3 meizona tauts agapn oudeis e*ei h9a tis tn psu*n aut\ ? hup] philn haut\4 ,! expression3 ,to put "o's s\l = "s "o1 does n1 indep5d5tly & by itself1 occur any:]e else 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 9 ,john xiii4 #cg1 #ch1 ,pet] takes ! ^w out ( ! m\? ( ! ,savi\r1 & 9 #a ,john iii4 #af1 x is us$ 9 ref]5ce to ^? decl>ations ( our ,"l4 ,! expression is n[h]e met ) 9 any pr(ane writ]s1 nor 9 ! ,hell5i/ic usus loqu5di4 ,! foll[+ reasons prove t x ref]s to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & especially to ! passage "u consid]ation4 #a4 ,its ,hebraiz+ "*4 ,de ,wette & ,lcke errone\sly take ,greek3 !9ai 9 ! s5se ( lay+ d[n2 b t is too negative4 ,x is evid5t t ! ,hebraism to put1 in/ead ( to give1 has be5 ,pg #cja transf]r$ into ,greek1 z is prov$ by ! synonym\s ,greek3 d\nai tn psu*n haut\ 9 ,m>k x4 #de2 ,matt4 xx4 #bh4--b4 ,! fact t ! same uncommon expression occurs n few] ?an five times 9 ! same disc\rse ( ,*ri/1 & t s int5tionally & emphatically1 is explicable only :5 x 0 !reby int5d$ to po9t to an important fundam5tal passage ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4--#c4 ,9 ! disc\rses ( our ,"l1 ! expression is1 no less ?an 9 ! passage be=e u1 us$ ( ,8 sacrificial dea?4--,if1 !n1 x be e/abli%$ t ^? passages 9 :i* our ,"l speaks ( a putt+ ( ,8 s\l1 ref] to ! passage "u consid]ation1 ?is mu/ be ackn[l$g$ ( ^? also 9 :i* ,he speaks ( a giv+ ( ,8 s\l1 z 9 ,matt4 xx4 #bh3 ,greek3 d\nai tn psu*n haut\ lutron anti polln1 :]e ! ,greek3 lutron cle>ly po9ts to ! ,hebrew3 aw,m "h4 ,9 all ^? utt]ances1 ! ,savi\r simply has r$uc$ ! words to :at !y signify1 j z1 9 quot+ ! passage ,ze*4 xiii4 #g1 9 ,matt4 xxvi4 #ca1 ,he likewise drops ! rhetorical figure1 ! address to ! sword4 ,he himself appe>s simply z ,he :o (f]s up2 ! s\l is t :i* is (f]$ up4--,hebrew3 aw,m is1 9 ,numb4 v4 #e1 call$ t ( :i* "s "o has unju/ly robb$ ano!r1 & :i* he is b\nd to repay to him4 ,an ess5tial feature ( s9 is ! robb+ ( ,god :i* is !reby committ$1 ! debt !reby incurr$1 :i* implies ! necessity ( recomp5ce4 ,all s9-(f]+s are1 9 ! ,mosaic economy1 at ! same "t debt-(f]+s2 & ?is feature is v int5tionally & emphatically po9t$ out 9 !m4 ,if1 besides ! s9-(f]+s1 !re is /ill e/abli%$ a k9d ( trespass-(f]+s1 ! ,hebrew3 aw,m1 = s9s 9 :i* ! idea ( incurr+ a debt comes out ) special prom95ce1 ?is is done only ) ! view1 t ?is feature1 ?us br\ght =w>d by itself & indep5d5tly1 may be s mu* ! m deeply impress$1 9 ord] t1 9 ! o!r s9-(f]+s too1 x may be ! m cle>ly p]ceiv$4 ,comp>e ! inve/igation on ! s9-(f]+s & trespass-(f]+s 9 my "w on ! ,g5u95ess ( ! ,p5tateu*1 ii4 p4 #agd ff4 ,b ! s9- & trespass-(f]+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t typically po9t to a true spiritual s9- & trespass-(f]+2 & _! *ief object 0 to awak5 9 ! p ( ,god ! consci\sness ( ! necessity ( sub/itution 7comp>e my ,book3 ,die ,opf] d] ,heil4 ,s*rift1 ,b]l9 #aheb74 ,?is antetypical sacrifice w be (f]$ up by ! true ,high-,prie/4 ,= ! s9s ( ! human race :i* ,pg #cjb )\t comp5sation1 _c be =giv51 ,he furni%es ! re/itution :i* c\ld n be paid by ! s9n]s1 & !reby works out ! ju/ification ( ! s9n] be=e ,god4--,to ! trespass-(f]+ "h1 all ^? passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t po9t1 9 :i* ,*ri/ is spok5 ( z ! sacrifice = our s9s1 especially #b ,cor4 v4 #ba1 :]e ! apo/le says t ,god made ,*ri/ to be ,greek3 ham>tia = u1 t 9 ,him we might be made righte\s be=e ,god2 ,rom4 viii4 #c1 accord+ to :i* ,god s5t ,*ri/ ,greek3 p]i ham>tias1 z a s9-(f]+2 ,rom4 iii4 #be1 :]e ,*ri/ is call$ ,greek3 hila/rion1 propitiation2 #a ,john ii4 #b3 ,greek3 kai autos hilasmos e/i p]i tn ham>tin hmn1 iv4 #aj2 ,heb4 ix4 #ad4--,! ,hebrew3 a,m at ! beg9n+ mu/ n be expla9$ by z a signification1 :i* x nev] has2 x has its ord9>y signification :51 & ! ,future is to be und]/ood z a real ,future3 ! (f]+ ( ! trespass-(f]+ is ! condition ( ,8 see+1 c41 &1 accord+ to ! context1 inde$1 ! absolutely necess>y condition4 ,! translation3 ,ev5 if c\ld proce$ f "o only :o _h n und]/ood ?is context4 ,x is n dea? 9 g5]al1 b sacrificial dea?1 :i* is specially spok5 (2 & to su* a dea?1 :i* is a necess>y f\ndation ( ! glorification1 & especially ! f\ndation ( ,he %all see se$1 :5 only is suitable1 & n ev5 if4--,9 ! words3 ,he %all see se$1 prolong ,8 days1 t is1 9 a high] s5se1 promis$ to ?is ,s]vant ( ,god1 :i*1 "u ! ,old ,te/am5t1 0 consid]$ z a di/+ui%$ div9e bless+4 ,! spiritual int]pretation has ! less difficulty1 t x mu/ necess>ily be grant$ 9 ! case ( ,hebrew3 aw,m1 imm$iately prec$+4 ,j 9 ! same relation 9 :i* ! s9-(f]+ ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god /&s to ! s9-(f]+ ( ! bullocks & goats1 does ,8 po/]ity1 ! l5g? ( ,8 days1 /& to ! ord9>y po/]ity & l5g? ( days4 ,! se$ ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 id5tical ) ,8 g5]ation1 9 v]4 #h1 are j ^? = :om1 accord+ to ! words imm$iately prec$+1 ,he (f]s ,8 s\l z a trespass-(f]+--! _m :o1 accord+ to v]4 #ab1 are assign$ to ,him z ,8 portion2 :o1 accord+ to *ap4 lii4 #ae1 are to be spr9kl$ by ,him2 :o1 accord+ to v]4 #aa1 are to be ju/ifi$ by ,him2 !y ^: s9s ,he has tak5 ^u ,him 7v]4 #e71 & = :om ,he int]c$es be=e ,god1 v]4 #ab4 ,ev5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! ^w *ildr5 is frequ5tly us$ 9 a spiritual ,pg #cjc s5se4 ,9 ,g54 vi4 #b1 believ]s appe> z ! *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,! ,israelites are n unfrequ5tly designat$ z sons ( ,jehovah4 ,^? prophets :o 7 end[$ ) specially ri* gifts1 7 surr\nd$ by a cr[d ( sons ( ! prophets4 ,! wise man1 too1 looks ^u 8 disciples z 8 spiritual sons1 ,prov4 iv4 #bj1 xix4 #bg2 ,eccles4 xii4 #ab4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! ,"l addresses ! man sick ( ! palsy by ,greek3 teknon4 ,matt4 ix4 #b2 & ) special emphasis4 ,8 apo/les z little *ildr51 ,greek3 teknia eti mikron me?'humn eimi1 ,john xiii4 #cc2 & ! ,apo/les1 too1 consid] ^? :o h be5 awak5$ by _! m9i/ry z _! spiritual *ildr51 #a ,cor4 iv4 #ag2 #a ,tim4 i4 #b2 #a ,pet4 v4 #ac4 ,! ?\ght is ?is--t 9 ! sacrificial dea? ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god !re w be an animat+ p[]2 t1 j !reby1 ,he w f\nd ,8 ,*ur*4 ,! words3 ,he %all prolong ,8 days1 allude1 z x appe>s1 to ! promise :i* 0 giv5 to ,david & 8 se$1 comp4 ,ps4 xxi #e3 ,he ask$ life ( !e1 & ?\ gave/ x to him1 ev5 l5g? ( days = ev] & ev]2 #a ,sam4 vii4 #ac3 ,i w e/abli% ! ?rone ( ,8 k+dom = ev]1 comp4 v]4 #af2 ,ps4 lxxxix4 #e1 cxxxii4 #ab1--;a promise :i* f\nd its f9al fulfilm5t 9 ,*ri/4 ,b ! long life "h mu/ n be view$ z isolat$1 b mu/ be und]/ood 9 close connection bo? ) :at prec$es & :at foll[s4 ,x is ! life ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god 9 communion ) ,8 se$1 9 c>ry+ out ! w ( ,god4 ,hebrew3 ,hp,c nev] means bus9ess1 b always pleasure2 & ?is signification1 :i* occurs 9 *ap4 xliv4 #bh also1 is "h ! less to be giv5 up1 t ! ,hebrew3 ,hp,c "h1 at ! close1 evid5tly ref]s to ! ,hebrew3 ,hp,c at ! beg9n+4 ,by ?is ref]5ce1 ! reason is /at$ :y x 0 ! pleasure ( ! ,"l to cru% ,him4 ,accord+ to v]s4 #aa & #ab1 x is ! pleasure ( ,god t s9n]s %\ld be ju/ifi$ ?r\gh ,him1 on ! f\ndation ( ,8 vic>i\s suff]+2 accord+ to *ap4 xlii4 & xlix41 t ,israel %\ld be r$eem$1 & ! ,g5tiles sav$4 ,:ile ! pleasure ( ! ,"l is prosp]+ ?r\gh ,8 h&1 he1 at ! same "t1 sees se$4 ,9 v]s4 #aa & #ab1 we h ! clos+ words ( ! ,"l4 ,v]4 #aa4 ,on acc\nt ( ! suff]+s ( ,8 s\l ,he see?1 ,he is satisfi$2 by ,8 k ,he1 ! ,righte\s ,"o1 my ,s]vant1 %all ju/ify ! _m1 & ,he %all be> _! iniquities4 ,pg #cjd ,! ,hebrew3 m,n 9 ,hebrew3 meml is on acc\nt (4 ,9 v]4 #aj1 to :i* ! disc\rse ( ! ,"l is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 connect$1 ! suff]+ likewise appe>s z ! cause ( ! glorification4 ,! ,vulgate translates3 ,pro eo quod laboravit anima ejus2 ! ,,lxx4 r feebly3 ,greek3 apo t\ pon\ ts psu*s aut\4 ,) ,hebrew3 irah ! object is omitt$1 & t purposely1 9 ord] t ! words ( ,god may be imm$iately connect$ ) v]4 #aj4 ,we mu/ supply3 ! fruits & rew>ds ( ,8 suff]+s ann\nc$ !re 7j z1 9 a mann] q simil>1 9 *ap4 xlix4 #g1 !y %all see1 ref]s to ! prec$+ v]se71 specially t ! pleasure ( ! ,"l %all prosp] ?r\gh ,8 h&1--:i*1 9 ! sequel1 is enl>g$ ^u4 ,! words3 ,he is satisfi$1 po9t out t ! blissful consequ5ces ( ! aton+ suff]+ w take place 9 ! highe/ fulness4 ,hebrew3 bdetv mu/1 accord+ to ! acc5ts1 be connect$ ) ! subsequ5t words4 ,! k does n belong to ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 9 s f> z x dwells 9 ,him1 b z x conc]ns ,him2 j z ! ,greek3 agap t\ ,!\ 9 ,luke xi4 #db1 & 9 o!r passages does n mean ! love :i* dwells 9 ,god1 b ! love :i* has ,god = its object4 ,by ,8 k is ?us equival5t to3 by _! kn[+ ,him1 gett+ acqua9t$ ) ,him1 ,?is k ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god accord+ to ,8 pr9cipal "w1 z x 0 describ$ 9 :at prec$es1 viz41 m$iatorial (fice1 or fai?1 is ! subjective condition ( ju/ification4 ,z ! effici5t cause ( x1 ! vic>i\s suff]+ ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god 0 repres5t$ 9 ! prec$+ context4 ,x is j ?is1 :i* is subjectively appropriat$ by ! k ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 & :i* mu/ be conceiv$ ( z ess5tial & liv+4 ,?us ,j4 ,h4 ,mi*aelis says3 ,p] sci5tiam sui 7,cl]icus3 ,cognitione sui71 non qua ipse cognoscit1 s$ qua v]a fide et fiducia ipse tanquam propitiator cognoscitur4 ,! explanation3 ,by ,8 k 79 ! s5se ( und]/&+7 or wisdom1 gives a s5se unsuitable to ! context4 ,9 ! :ole prophecy1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god does n appe> z a ,tea*]1 b z a ,r$eem]2 & ! relation ( ,hebrew3 cdiq to ,hebrew3 hcdiq %[s t "h1 too1 ,he is consid]$ z su*4 ,to supply1 z is done by "s int]pret]s3 9 :i* 7k7 ,he p]ceiv$ ! only possible means ( r$emption & reconciliation1 & gave practical effect to ?is k1 is1 aft] all1 too unnatural2 ! ,pg #cje disc\rse w\ld 9 t case be s incomplete t we %\ld h be5 %ut up to conjectures4 ,o!rs translate3 ,by ,8 doctr9e2 b ,hebrew3 det nev] means doctr9e4 ,! explanation3 ,by ,8 full1 absolute k ( ! div9e c\nsel 7,hv]nick71 or1 by ! absolute k ( ,god 7,umbreit71 puts into ! simple ^w1 :i* only means k1 m ?an is impli$ 9 x4 ,accord+ to ! p>allelism ) ! subsequ5t words3 ,he %all be> _! iniquities4 & accord+ to ! context 7=1 9 ! :ole section1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god is n describ$ z a ,tea*]1 b z a ,prie/1 z ,he :o1 9 ord] to expiate our s91 has (f]$ himself up z a sacrifice71 ,hebrew3 hcdiq mu/ n be translat$ to conv]t1 b to ju/ify4 ,9 fav\r ( ?is translation is also ! con/ruction ) ,hebrew3 l1 :i* is to be acc\nt$ = f a modification ( ! signification3 to br+ righte\sness4 ,b x is specially ! position ( ,hebrew3 cdiq :i* is decisive 9 fav\r ( x4 ,x is = ! ju/ification only t ! p]sonal righte\sness ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god has t significant mean+ :i* is1 9 ?is mann]1 assign$ to x4 ,moreov]1 9 ! usus loqu5di1 ! mean+ to ju/ify only occurs4 ,9 x1 ! v]b is us$1 *ap4 v4 #bc1 l4 #h2 & !re is no reason = deviat+ f x 9 ! only passage :i* c be adduc$ 9 fav\r ( ! signification to conv]t1 viz41 ,dan4 xii4 #c3 ,& ! wise1 ,hebrew3 mwkili,m1 %all %9e z ! brightness ( ! firmam5t1 & ju/ify _m z ! />s1 = ev] & ev]4 ,9 ?is passage1 t is appli$ to believ]s :i*1 9 *ap4 liii41 0 ascrib$ to ,*ri/4 ,ev5 a c]ta9 /rang5ess 9 ! /yle makes u suppose su* a transf]5ce2 & ! fact1 t ,daniel _h our passage specially 9 view1 _c be d\bt$1 if we comp>e ! ,hebrew3 mwkili,m ( ,daniel ) ! ,hebrew3 iwkil ) :i* ! prophecy "u consid]ation op5s 7*ap1 lii1 #ac71 & ,daniel's3 ju/ify _m1 ) ! passage be=e u4 ,! ju/ification1 :i* 9 its full s5se belongs to ,*ri/ ! ,head only1 is by ,daniel ascrib$ to ! wise1 because !y are ! in/rum5ts ?r\gh :om _m atta9 ju/ification2 ,calv93 ,quia causa sunt m9i/]ialis ju/itiae et salutis multorum4 ,hv]nick ref]s1 = a comp>ison1 to #a ,tim4 iv4 #af3 ,=1 9 do+ ?is1 ?\ %alt save bo? ?yself & !m t he> !e4 ,hebrew3 ediq mu/ n be imm$iately connect$ ) ,hebrew3 ebdi2 =1 9 t case1 x ought to h /ood aft] x1 & be5 qualifi$ ,pg #cjf by ! article4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,hebrew3 ediq /&s fir/1 because x /&s by itself & sub/antively3 ,! righte\s ,"o1 ,my ,s]vant4 ,a simil> con/ruction occurs1 ,j]4 iii41 vii4 #aj3 ,& %e does n turn unto me1 ! trea*]\s "o1 ,hebrew3 bgirh1 h] si/] ,judah4 ,by ?us mak+ ,hebrew3 cdiq prom95t1 & connect+ x imm$iately ) ,hebrew3 hcdiq1 x is int5d$ to po9t out ! close connection 9 :i* ! righte\sness ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 :o1 al?\gh altoge!r innoc5t & s9less1 v]4 #i1 yet suff]$ ! puni%m5t ( s91 /&s ) ! ju/ification to be be/[$ by ,him4 ,maur] ?us p]t95tly expresses ?is3 ,to _m1 = righte\s is my ,s]vant1 %all ,he procure righte\sness4 ,by ^! words ?us ! ,hebrew3 izh1 9 *ap4 lii4 #ae1 is expla9$2 & ! seal ( ! div9e confirmation is impress$ ^u t :i*1 9 v]s4 #d-f1 ! believ+ ,*ur* _h said1 especially ^u ! words3 ,by ,8 w\nds we are heal$1 v]4 #e4 ,! _m po9ts back to *ap4 liii4 #ae1 & =ms ! contra/ n to all 7,/i]3 ,because ,he _c1 ov]turn+ all laws1 save all by co]cion1 or arbitr>y w1--a limitation :i* w\ld 9 ?is context be out ( place71 b to few3 ,! "o1 ! _m1 ,rom4 v4 #ae4--;,& ,he %all be> _! iniquities2 ! iniquities & _! puni%m5t1 z a heavy burd5 :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god lifts (f f ^? :o are groan+ "u _! weight1 & takes ^u himself ,j]ome says3 ,& ,he himself %all be> ! iniquities :i* !y c\ld n be>1 & by ! weight ( :i* !y 7 borne d[n4 ,calv9 expresses himself ?us3 ,a wond]ful *ange inde$6 ,*ri/ ju/ifies m5 by giv+ !m ,8 righte\sness1 & 9 ex*ange4 ,he takes ^u ,him _! s9s1 t ,he may expiate !m4 ,9 opposition to ^? :o translate3 ,he bore _! iniquities1 7! ,future might1 9 t case1 he acc\nt$ = f ! ,prophet's view+ ! :ole transaction z pres5t71 ev5 ,ges5ius has rem>k$ t ! prec$+ & subsequ5t ,futures all ref] to ! /ate ( glorification4 ,ev5 ! p>allelism ) ,hebrew3 icdiq %[s t we mu/ translate z ! ,,lxx4 d3 ,greek3 kai tas ham>tias autn autos anoisei4 ,moreov]1 ! subject ( disc\rse 9 ! :ole v]se is n ! acquir+ ( ! righte\sness1 :i* 0 done 9 ! /ate ( humiliation1 b ! communication ( x1 z ! subjective condition ( :i* ! k ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god 0 m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ clause4 ,pg #cjg ,9 ! case ( e "o :o1 aft] ! exaltation ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 fulfils ?is condition1 ,he takes ^u ,himself _! s9s1 i4e41 ,he causes ,8 vic>i\s suff]+ to be imput$ to !m1 & grants !m p>don4 ,! expression3 ,he %all be> _! iniquities is1 9 po9t ( fact1 id5tical )3 ,he %all ju/ify !m4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god has borne ! s9 once = all2 by ! p[] ( ,8 sub/itution1 effect$ by ! %$d+ ( ,8 blood1 ,he takes ^u himself ! s9s ( e individual :o kn[s ,him4 ,! tak+ away is impli$ 9 ,hebrew3 vsbl 9 s f> only1 z x is done by be>+4 ,x 0 only because he 0 misl$ by 8 rationali/ic t5d5cies1 t ,ges5ius expla9s3 ,& ,he light5s ! burd5 ( _! s9s1 i4e41 by ,8 doctr9e ,he %all correct !m1 & !reby procure to !m p>don4 ,by su* an explanation he contradicts himself1 inasmu* z1 9 v]4 #d1 he ref]r$ ! be>+ ( ! diseases & pa9s to ! vic>i\s satisfaction4 ,x _c1 9 any way1 be said ( ! ,tea*]1 t he takes ^u himself iniquities4 ,v]4 #ab4 ,!re=e w ,i give ,him a portion 9 ! _m1 & ,he %all divide ! spoil ) ! /rong1 because ,he ha? p\r$ out ,8 s\l unto dea? & 0 numb]$ ) ! transgressors1 & ,he be>e? ! s9 ( _m1 & = ! transgressors ,he %all make int]cession4 ,! fir/ words are ?us expla9$ by _m int]pret]s3 ,!re=e ,i w give ,him mighty ones = ,8 portion1 & /rong ones ,he %all divide z a spoil4 ,b ,hebrew3 ,hlq ) ,hebrew3 b _c mean simply to allot1 7al?\gh1 inde$1 ?is explanation is giv5 by ! ,,lxx42 ,greek3 dia t\to autos klronomsei poll\s2 ,vulg43 ideo disp]tiam ei plurimos72 x only signifies to give a portion 91 ,job xxxix4 #ag4 ,f ! comp>ison ) ,hebrew3 rbi,m 9 v]4 #aa & at ! close ( ?is v]se1 z well z f ! ref]5ce to ! _m nations 9 ! sket*1 v]4 #ae1 x is evid5t t ,hebrew3 rbi,m "h1 too1 _c mean mighty ones1 b _m4 ,ev5 else:]e1 ! signification great ones1 mighty ones1 appe>s (t5times to be only =c$ ^u ,hebrew3 rbi,m4 ,9 ,job xxxv4 #i1 ! _m are ! _m evil-do]s2 & 9 ,job xxxii4 #i1 ! utt]ance3 ,n ! _m are wise1 is expla9$ f ! circum/ance1 t ! view giv5 by ,job's fri5ds 0 t ( ! great mass4 ,! fact t ! ,hebrew3 at 9 ! second clause is n ! sign ( ! ,accusative1 b a ,preposition1 ,pg #cjh is probable ev5 f ! circum/ance1 t ! =m] ,hebrew3 at commonly /&s be=e qualifi$ n\ns only2 &1 f>!r f ! correspond+2 ) ! transgressors4 ,b :at is conclusive is1 t ! phrase ,hebrew3 ,hlq wll always means to divide spoil1 nev] to di/ribute z spoil1 & t ! phrase ,hebrew3 ,hlq wll at gai,m to divide spoil ) ! pr\d occurs 9 ,prov4 xvi4 #ai4 ,! reason ( ! use ( ?is expression lies 9 ! ref]5ce to ord9>y victors & conqu]ors ( ! _w1 especially to ,cyrus4 ,by ,8 suff]+s & dea?1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god %all secure to himself ! same successes z !y d by sword & b[4 ,al?\gh p>ticipat+ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 & divid+ spoil are "h ascrib$ to ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 yet ! p>ticipation 9 worldly triumphs is n spok5 ( ,on ! contr>y1 beh9d ! equality :i* has giv5 rise to ! secul>-look+ expression 7! ?\ght is m]ely ?is1 t ?r\gh ,*ri/ & ,8 sacrificial dea?1 ! ,k+dom ( ,god ent]s into ! rank ( _w-conqu]+ p[]s71 a contra/ lies conceal$1--z appe>s1 #a4 ,f :at is /at$1 9 ! prec$+ v]ses1 ab\t ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god has atta9$ to ?is glory4 ,worldly triumphs are n acquir$ by ! deepe/ humiliation1 by suff]+s & dea? volunt>ily und]gone = ! salvation ( mank9d4 #b4 ,f t :i* ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 9 ! /ate ( glory1 is to d to ^? :o turn to ,him4 ,accord+ to *ap4 lii4 #ae1 ,he is to spr9kle !m ) ,8 blood2 & ?is spr9kl+ is !re expressly /at$ z ! reason ( ! rev]5tial homage ( ! ,g5tile _w4 ,he is to ju/ify !m & to be> _! s9s1 v]4 #aa1 & to make int]cession = !m1 v]4 #ab4 ,all t does n apply to a worldly conqu]or & rul]4--,! m]its ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god are !n once m po9t$ out1--! m]its by :i* ,he has acquir$ s exalt$ & all-important a position to himself1 &1 at ! same "t1 to ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 ( :i* ,he is ! ,head4 ,because ,he ha? p\r$ out ,8 s\l unto dea?1 ,hebrew3 erh 9 ! ,niphal1 to be p\r$ out1 means 9 ,piel to p\r out1 ,g54 xxiv4 #bj1 & ,ps4 cxli4 #h1 :]e x is said ( ! s\l3 ,d n p\r out my s\l1 j z "h ! ,hiphil is us$4 ,! t]m has be5 transf]r$ to ! s\l f ! blood1 9 :i* is ! s\l4 ,g54 ix4 #d3 ,fle% ) its s\l 7namely ) its blood7 y %all n eat4 ,v]4 #e3 ,y\r blood 9 ,pg #cji :i* y\r s\ls4 ,hebrew3 nmnh1 ,he 0 numb]$1 is "h1 accord+ to ! context1 equival5t to3 ,he caus$ himself to be numb]$2 = x is only t :i* 0 und]gone volunt>ily :i* c be /at$ z ! reason ( ! rew>d4 ,?is volunt>y und]go+1 h[ev]1 is n impli$ 9 ! ^w itself1 b only 9 ! connection )3 ,he ha? p\r$ out ,8 s\l2 = t signifies a volunt>y act4 ,! ,hebrew3 pwei,m "h1 j z ! ,hebrew3 rwei,m 9 v]4 #i1 are n s9n]s1 b crim9als4 ,?is appe>s f ! connection 9 :i* ! be+ numb]$ ) ! transgressors /&s ) ! p\r+ out ( ! s\l unto dea?4 ,we c h5ce ?9k ( execut$ crim9als only4 ,! pure1 innoc5t ,"o 0 n only numb]$ ) s9n]s1 su* z all m5 are1 b ,he 0 numb]$ ) crim9als4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se also t our ,"l und]/&s ! words1 9 ,8 quotation ( !m 9 ,luke xxii4 #cg3 ,greek3 leg g> hum91 hoti heti t\to to gegramm5on dei tele/hnai en emoi1 to4 kai meta anomn elogi/h1 kai g> ta p]i em\ telos e*ei2 ,comp>e ,matt4 xxvi4 #ed1 :]e ! ,"l /r5g!ns ,8 disciples aga9/ ! (f5ce ( ,8 be+ tak5 a prison]1 by say+1 ) a view to ! passage be=e u3 ,greek3 ps oun plr?s9 hai graphai1 hoti h\t dei g5e/hai2 v]4 #ef1 :]e1 aft] hav+ reproa*$ ! gu>ds = hav+ numb]$ ,him ) crim9als3 ,greek3 hs epi l/n exl!te meta ma*airn kai xuln sullabe9 me1 ,he says to !m3 ,greek3 t\to de holon gegon5 h9a plr?s9 hai graphai tn prophtn4 ,m>k1 9 *ap4 xv4 #bh1 designates ! fact t two robb]s 7 crucifi$ ) ,*ri/1 z ! mo/ p]fect fulfilm5t ( our prophecy4 ,x 0 9 ?is fact t x came out mo/ palpably1 t ,*ri/ _h be5 made l crim9als4 ,! rul]s ( ! p caus$ two common crim9als to be crucifi$ ) ,him1 j t !y might decl>e t !y put ,him altoge!r among _! numb]4--,& ,he be>e? ! s9 ( _m1 & = ! transgressors ,he %all make int]cession4 ,by ,hebrew3 vhva1 x is indicat$ t ! subsequ5t words are no m to be view$ z dep5d+ on ,hebrew3 t,ht awr4--,hebrew3 ipgie mu/ n1 z is done by ! ,,lxx41 be ref]r$ to ! /ate ( humiliation2 = ! ,future 9 ! prec$+ v]ses has ref]5ce to ! exaltation4 ,! p>allel ,hebrew3 nwa mu/ !re=e be view$ z a ,praet]itum propheticum4 ,x corresponds ) ,hebrew3 isbl 9 v]4 #aa1 &1 l x1 does n designate some?+ done b once by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 b some?+ :i* ,he does con/antly4 ,! int]cession is ,pg #caj "h br\ght into close connection ) ! be>+ ( ! s91 by :i* ,*ri/ repres5ts himself z be+ ! true s9-(f]+ 7comp4 v]4 #aj1 :]e ,he 0 designat$ z ! true trespass-(f]+71 & h5ce x is equival5t to3 ,he w make int]cession = s9n]s1 by tak+ ^u himself _! s91--( :i* ! ?ief on ! cross 0 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,?is close connection1 & ! deep mean+ sugge/$ by x1 are ov]look$ & lo/ by ^? expositors :o1 9 ! int]cession1 ?9k ( pray] only4 ,! s]vant ( ,god1 on ! contr>y1 makes int]cession1 by plead+ be=e ,god ,8 m]it1 z ! gr\nd ( ! acceptance ( ! transgressors1 & ( ! p>don ( _! s9s4 ,?is is evid5t f ! connection also 9 :i*3 ,= ! transgressors ,he %all make int]cession1 /&s )3 ,he 0 numb]$ ) ! transgressors4 ,! vic>i\s suff]+ is !reby po9t$ out z ! gr\nd ( ! int]cession4 ,calv9 says3 ,"u ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation1 ! ,high-prie/1 :o nev] w5t 9 )\t blood1 made int]cession = ! p4 ,:at 0 !re =e%ad[$ has be5 fulfill$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place4 ,he (f]$ up ! sacrifice ( ,8 body1 & %$ ,8 blood1 & ?us suff]$ ! puni%m5t due to u4 ,&1 9 ! second place1 9 ord] t ! expiation might pr(it u4 ,he und]takes ! (fice ( an advocate1 & makes int]cession = all :o1 by fai?1 lay hold ( ?is sacrifice4 ,comp4 ,rom4 viii4 #cd3 ,greek3 hos kai entun*anei hup] hmn2 ,hebr4 ix4 #bd1 accord+ to :i* passage ,*ri/ is ent]$ into ! holy places ,greek3 nun emphani/hnai t prosp t\ ,!\ hup] hmn2 #a ,john ii4 #a3 ,greek3 p>aklton e*om5 pros ton pat]a ,is\n ,*ri/on dikaion4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h hi!rto exp\nd$ ! passage be=e u )\t any reg>d to ! diff]5ce ( ! int]pretation z to ! :ole1 & h suppos$ ! ref]5ce to ,*ri/ to be ! correct "o4 ,b x is /ill incumb5t ^u u3 ,i4 to give ! hi/ory ( ! int]pretation2 ,,ii4 to refute ! argum5ts aga9/ ! ,messianic int]pretation2 ,,iii4 to /ate ! argum5ts 9 fav\r ( x2 & ,,iv4 to %[ t ! non-,messianic int]pretation is unt5able4 ,footnote #a3 ,"o ne$s only to consid] passages su* z ?is1 to be enabl$ to di/+ui% betwe5 ! ideal & real ,pres5t1 & to be conv9c$ ( ! utt] futility ( ! *ief argum5t aga9/ ! g5u95ess ( ! second "p1 viz41 t ! ,babyloni% exile appe>s z pres5t4 ,proce$+ f ! c]ta9ty ( deliv]ance--s ,hitzig rem>ks--! ,prophet "h beholds 9 _s t go+ on1 to :i*1 9 *ap4 xl4 #i1 he exhorts4 ,if ! ,prophet beholds at all 9 ! _s1 :y %\ld he n see 9 _s ! mis]y also8 ,footnote #b3 ,simonis4 ,onom43 ,hebrew3 izih1 quem asp]gat1 i4e41 purificet et expiet ,domimus2 ,ges5ius3 quod vix alit] explic>i pote/ quam3 quem consp]get1 i4e41 expiabit ,jehova4 ,fr/ gives a diff]5t d]ivation2 b x at once %[s itself to be unt5able4 ,footnote #c3 ,9 ord] to def5d ?is explanation1 int]pret]s h ref]r$ to ! ,,lxx3 ,greek3 h\t ?aumasontai e?n polla ep'aut2 b ev5 ,m>t9i rem>ks3 ,f a d>k passage1 !y h tri$1 by +5i\s conjectur+1 to br+ out any s5se :atsoev]4 ,footnote #d3 ,?us ,!odoret says3 ,= !y :o did n receive ! prophetic promises & ann\ncem5ts1 b s]v$ idols1 %all1 ?r\gh ! mess5g]s ( ! tru?1 see ! p[] ( ! promis$ ,"o1 & p]ceive ,8 greatness4 ,j]ome3 ,! rul]s ( ! _w1 :o _h n ! ,law & ! ,prophets1 & to :om no prophecies conc]n+ ,him 7 giv51 ev5 !y %all see & p]ceive4 ,by ! comp>ison ) !m1 ! h>dness ( ! ,jews is reprov$1 :o1 al?\gh !y saw & he>d1 yet v]ifi$ ,isaiah's prophecy aga9/ !m4 ,calv93 ,! ,jews _h1 ?r\gh ! ,law & ! ,prophets1 he>d some?+ ( ,*ri/1 b to ! ,g5tiles ,he 0 altoge!r unkn[n4 ,h5ce x foll[s t ^! words prop]ly ref] to ! ,g5tiles4 ,footnote #e3 ,accord+ to ,knobel1 ! au?or is suppos$ to speak1 9 *ap4 liii4 #a1 9 8 own "n & t ( ! o!r prophets2 9 v]s4 #b-f1 9 ! "n ( ! :ole p2 9 v]s4 #g-aj1 9 8 own "n4 ,an explanation :i* is compell$ to resort to su* *anges1 )\t _! be+ 9 any way cle>ly & di/9ctly intimat$1 pron\nces its own condemnation4 ,footnote #f3 ,ges5ius3 ,neglecta actatis notione saepe e/ g5us hom9um1 9 bonam p>tem--9 malam p>tem2--& 9 ref]5ce to ! passage "u consid]ation3 ,g5us ejus1 ,s]vi ,jehovae1 sunt hom9es qui iisdem cum illo /udiis t55tur4 ,9 ! same mann] x is expla9$ by ,maur]1 :o ref]s to ,ps4 xiv4 #e1 xxiv4 #f4 ,footnote #g3 ,! d\ble ,hebrew3 lmv 9 ,deut4 xxxiii4 #b ref]s to ,israel1 n to ,god4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! ,hebrew3 lmv 9 ,is4 xliv4 #ae1 ,j4 ,h4 ,mi*aelis rem>ks3 iis talibus diis4 v]4 #g4 ,b ! suffix r ref]s to ! trees1 v]4 #ad2 comp4 ,hebrew3 mh,m 9 v]4 #ae4 ,if con/ru$ ?us1 ! s5se is mu* m expressive4 ,9 ,job xxii4 #b1 ,hebrew3 mwkil is us$ collectively4 ,9 ,ps4 xi4 #g1 ! plural suffix is to be expla9$ f ! ri*ness & fulness ( ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,^! are all ! passages :i* ,ewald quotes 9 #bdg d4 ,footnote #h3 ,?us ,bhr1 ,symbolik1 ii4 ,s4 #bjg1 says3 ,x is n ! mat]ial elem5ts ( ! blood :i* make x a means ( expiation1 b x is ! ,hebrew3 npw :i* is connect$ ) x1 :i* is 9 x1 ^: in/rum5t & be>] x is1 :i* gives to x aton+ p[]4 ,! ,hebrew3 npw is ?us ! c5tre ar\nd :i*1 9 ! la/ in/ance1 ev]y?+ moves4 ,?is is especially confirm$ by ! circum/ance1 t ! object ( ! expiation to be effect$ by ! ,hebrew3 npw 9 ! sacrificial blood1 is1 accord+ to ?is passage1 ! ,hebrew3 npw ( him :o (f]s up ! sacrifice4 ,pg #caa ,i4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,int]pretation4 ,a4 ,,) ,,! ,,jews4 #a4 ,!re _c be any d\bt t1 9 ^? e>li] times1 :5 ! ,jews 7 /ill m firmly atta*$ to ! tradition ( _! ,fa!rs1--:5 ! c>nal disposition _h n yet become s entirely preval5t among !m1--& :5 controv]sy ) ! ,*ri/ians _h n made !m s n>r[-m9d$ 9 _! ,exegesis1 ! ,messianic explanation 0 pretty g5]ally receiv$1 at lea/ by ! bett] portion ( ! p4 ,?is is admitt$ ev5 by ^? lat] int]pret]s :o p]v]t ! prophecy1 e4g41 ,ab5ezra1 ,j>*i1 ,ab>banel1 ,moses ,na*manides4 ,ges5ius also says3 ,x 0 only ! lat] ,jews :o ab&on$ ?is int]pretation1--no d\bt1 9 consequ5ce ( _! controv]sies ) ! ,*ri/ians4 ,we %all "h collect1 f ! exi/+ ,jewi% writ+s1 ! pr9cipal passages 9 :i* ?is int]pretation occurs4 ,! :ole translation ( ! ,*aldee ,p>aphra/1 ,jona?an1 not)/&+ ! _m p]v]sions 9 :i* he indulges1 ref]s ! prophecy to ,*ri/4 ,he p>aphrases ! v fir/ clause3 ,hebrew3 ha icl,h ebdi mwiha behold my ,s]vant ,messiah %all prosp]4 ,! ,m$ra% ,tan*uma1 an old comm5t>y on ! ,p5tateu* 7ed4 ,cracov4 f4 #ec1 c4 #c1 l4 #g71 rem>ks on ! words3 ,hebrew3 hnh iwkil ebdi 7ed4 ,cracov4 f4 #ec1 c4 #c1 l4 #g73 ,hebrew3 hmwi,h irv,m vgbh vnwa mavd vri,m m,n abrh,m vnwa mm: vgdh m,n mlaki hwrt zh ml,k 7?is is ! ,k+ ,messiah :o is high & lift$ up1 & v exalt$1 m exalt$ ?an ,abraham1 elevat$ above ,moses1 high] ?an ! m9i/]+ angels74 ,?is passage is rem>kable = ?is reason also1 t x conta9s ! doctr9e ( ! exaltation ( ! ,messiah above all creat$ be+s1 & ev5 above ! angels !mselves1 &1 h5ce1 ! doctr9e ( ,8 div9ity1--a doctr9e conte/$ by ! lat] ,jews4 ,/ill m rem>kable is a passage f ! v old book ,pesikta1 cit$ 9 ! treatise ,abka? ,rokhel 7,hebrew3 abqt rvkl1 pr9t$ sep>ately at ,v5ice 9 #aeig1 & repr9t$ 9 ,hulsii ,!ologia ,judaica1 :]e ,pg #cab ?is passage occurs p4 #cji73 ,:5 ,god creat$ ,8 _w ,he /ret*$ out ,8 h& "u ! ?rone ( ,8 glory1 & br\ght =? ! s\l ( ! ,messiah4 ,he said to ,him3 ',wilt ?\ heal & r$eem my sons aft] #fjjj ye>s8',he answ]$ ,him3 ',i w4',!n ,god said to ,him3 ',wilt ?\ !n also be> ! puni%m5t 9 ord] to blot out _! s9s1 z x is writt53 ',b he bore our diseases' 7*ap4 liii4 #d78 ,& ,he answ]$ ,him3 ,i w joyfully be> !m4 ,9 ?is passage1 z well z 9 sev]al o!rs :i* w be aft]w>ds cit$1 ! doctr9e ( ! vic>i\s suff]+s ( ! ,messiah is conta9$1 & d]iv$ f ,is4 liii41 al?\gh ! lat] ,jews reject$ ?is doctr9e4 ,9 a simil> mann]1 ,rabbi ,moses ,hadd>%an expresses himself on ,g54 i4 #c 7,lat9 9 ,galat9us1 ,de ,arcanis ,ca?4 v]4 p4 #cbi2 9 ! orig9al 9 ,raimund ,m>t9i ,pug4 ,fid4 fol4 #ccc2 comp4 ,wolf1 ,bibl4 ,hebr4 i4 p4 #hah73 ,jehovah said3 ,messiah1 ?\ my righte\s ,"o1 ^? :o are conceal$ ) !e w be su* t _! s9s w br+ a heavy yoke ^u !e4--,! ,messiah answ]$3 ,"l ( ! univ]se1 ,i *e]fully take ^u myself all ^? plagues & suff]+s2 & imm$iately ! ,messiah1 out ( love1 took ^u himself all ^? plagues & suff]+s1 z is writt5 9 ,is4 liii43 ,he 0 abus$ & oppress$4 ,comp>e ano!r passage1 9 :i* v]4 #e is ref]r$ to ! ,messiah1 9 ,raim4 ,m>t91 fol4 iv4 #cj4 ,9 ! ,talmud 7,gem>a1 tract4 ,sanh$rim1 *ap4 xi471 x is said ( ! ,messiah3 ,he sits be=e ! gates ( ! city ( ,rome among ! sick & ! lepr\s 7accord+ to v]4 #c74 ,to ! "q3 ,:at is ! "n ( ! ,messiah1 x is answ]$3 ,he is call$ ,hebrew3 ,hivvra ! lep]1 &1 9 pro(1 v]4 #d is quot$ accord+ to ! errone\s int]pretation ( ,hebrew3 ngve by leprosus1--an int]pretation :i* is met ) 9 ,j]ome also4--,9 ! "w ,rabbo? 7a comm5t>y on ! ,p5tateu* & ! five ,megillo?1 :i*1 z to its pr9cipal portions1 is v old1 al?\gh mu* int]polat$ at lat] p]iods1 & :i*1 accord+ to ! /atem5ts ( ! ,jews1 0 compos$ ab\t ! ye> ( our ,"l #cjj1 comp4 ,wolf1 ,i4 c4 ,,ii41 p4 #adbc1 sqq4 9 comm5t>y on ,ru? ii4 #ad p4 #df1 ed4 ,cracov471 ! fif? v]se is quot$1 & ref]r$ to ! suff]+s ( ! ,messiah4--,9 ! ,m$ra% ,tillim 7an allegorical comm5t>y on ! ,psalms1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aedf71 x is said 9 ,ps4 ii4 #g1 7fol4 #d73 ,! ?+s ( ,k+ ,messiah & ,8 my/]ies are ann\nc$ ,pg #cac 9 ! ,law1 ! ,prophets1 & ! ,hagiographa4 ,9 ! ,prophets1 e4g41 9 ! passage ,is4 lii4 #ac1 & xlii4 #a2 9 ! ,hagiographa1 e4g41 ,ps4 cx4 & ,dan4 vii4 #ac4 ,9 ! book ,*asidim 7a collection ( moral tales1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice & ,basle 9 #aeha7 p4 #fj1 ! foll[+ /ory is to be f\nd3 ,!re 01 among ! ,jews1 a pi\s man1 :o 9 summ] made 8 b$ among fleas1 & 9 w9t] put 8 feet into cold wat]2 & :5 x froze1 8 feet froze at ! same "t4 ,:5 ask$ :y he did s1 he answ]$1 t he too mu/ make "s little expiation1 s9ce ! ,messiah be>s ! s9 ( ,israel 7,hebrew3 mwi,h svbl evnvt iwral74 ,! anci5t explanation is1 f among ! lat] int]pret]s1 ass5t$ to by ,rabbi ,als*e* 78 comm5t>y on ,is4 liii4 is giv5 entire 9 ,hulsii ,!ologia ,judaica1 p4 #cba sqq474 ,he says3 ,^u ! te/imony ( tradition1 our old ,rabb9s h unanim\sly admitt$ t ,k+ ,messiah is "h ! subject ( disc\rse4 ,= ! same reason1 we1 9 h>mony ) !m1 conclude t ,k+ ,david1 i4e41 ! ,messiah1 mu/ be consid]$ z ! subject ( ?is prophecy1--a view :i* is inde$ q obvi\s4 ,we %all see1 h[ev]1 subsequ5tly1 t he adh]es to ! "r explanation only 9 ! fir/ ?ree v]ses1 & aft]w>ds ab&ons x4 ,b passages especially rem>kable are f\nd 9 ! cabbali/ic book ,soh>4 ,x is true t ! age ( ! book is v unc]ta92 b x _c be prov$ to h be5 compos$ "u ,*ri/ian influ5ce4 ,we %all "h quote only "s ( ! pr9cipal passages4 7,soh>1 ed4 ,am/elod4 p4 ii4 fol4 #bab2 ed4 ,solisbac4 p4 ii4 f4 #he2 ,somm]i !ol4 ,soh> p4 #id47 ,:5 ! ,messiah is told ( ! mis]y ( ,israel 9 _! captivity1 & t !y are !mselves ! cause ( x1 because !y _h n c>$ =1 nor s\ght aft] ! k ( _! ,"l1 ,he weeps al\d ov] _! s9s2 & = ?is reason x is writt5 9 ,scripture 7,isa4 liii4 #e73 ,he 0 w\nd$ = our transgressions1 ,he 0 smitt5 = our iniquities4--,9 ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 !re is an ap>tm5t :i* is call$ ! sick *amb]4 ,! ,messiah goes into ?is ap>tm5t1 & summons all ! diseases1 all ! pa9s1 & all ! *a/isem5ts ( ,israel to come ^u ,him1 & !y all come ^u ,him4 ,& unless ,he w\ld take !m away f ,israel1 & lay !m ^u himself1 no man w\ld be able to be> ! *a/isem5ts ( ,israel1 :i* are inflict$ ^u !m on acc\nt ( ! ,law1 z x is ,pg #cad writt53 ,b ,he took ^u himself our sicknesses1 c4 ,9 ano!r passage 7,soh>1 ed4 ,am/elod p4 iii4 f4 #bah2 ,solisbac4 iii4 f4 #hh2 ,somm]i !ol4 ,soh> p4 #hi2 ,auszge aus dem ,bu*e ,soh>1 mit ,deuts*] ,ueb]setzung1 ,b]l9 #eb1 ,s4 #cb71 x is said3 ,:5 ,god wi%es to give to ! _w a means ( heal+4 ,he smites "o ( ! pi\s among !m1 & = 8 sake ,he gives heal+ to ! :ole _w4 ,:]e1 9 ,scripture1 d we f9d ?is confirm$8 ,9 ,isa4 liii4 #e1 :]e x is said3 ,he 0 w\nd$ = our transgressions4 ,he 0 cru%$ = our s9s4 ,:at has be5 said w be a suffici5t pro( t ! anci5t ,jews1 foll[+ tradition1 ref]r$ ! passage to ! ,messiah2 &1 z x appe>s f ! majority ( ! passages quot$1 ref]r$ x inde$ to ! suff]+ ,messiah4 ,b x w\ld really h be5 a /range ph5om5on1 if ?is int]pretation _h rema9$ ! prevail+ "o among ! ,jews4 ,accord+ to ! decl>ation ( ! ,apo/le1 ! ,cross ( ,*ri/ is to ! ,jews a /umbl+-block1 & to ! ,greeks fooli%ness4 ,! idea ( a suff]+ & expiat+ ,messiah 0 repugnant to ! c>nally m9d$ ,jews4 ,& ! reason :y x 0 repugnant to !m is1 t !y did n possess t :i* alone makes t doctr9e acceptable1 viz41 ! k ( s91 & ! consci\sness ( ! ne$ ( salvation1--because1 n kn[+ ! hol9ess ( ,god1 & be+ ignorant ( ! import ( ! ,law1 !y imag9$ t ?r\gh _! own /r5g?1 by ! works ( ! ,law1 !y c\ld be ju/ifi$ be=e ,god4 ,:at !y wi%$ = 0 only an outw>d deliv]ance f _! mis]y & _! oppressors1 n an int]nal deliv]ance f s94 ,= ?is reason1 !y look$ exclusively to ^? passages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 :i* ! ,messiah 9 glory is ann\nc$2 & ^? passages !y int]pret$ 9 a c>nal mann]4 ,9 addition to ?is1 !re 7 o!r reasons :i* c\ld n fail to r5d] !m av]se to ref] ?is passage to ! suff]+ ,messiah4 ,z !y c\ld n comp>e ! prophecy ) ! fulfilm5t1--! deep abasem5t ( ! ,messiah :i* is "h ann\nc$1 ! contempt :i* ,he endures1 ,8 viol5t dea?1 appe>$ to !m irreconcileable ) ^? passages 9 :i* no?+ ( ! k9d is m5tion$1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! glorifi$ ,messiah only is =etold4 ,!y _h too little k ( ! nature ,pg #cae ( prophetic vision to enable !m to p]ceive t ! prophecies are connect$ ) ! circum/ances ( ! "t1 &1 !re=e1 exhibit a "o-sid$ "*1--t !y consi/ ( sep>ate fragm5ts :i* mu/ be put toge!r 9 ord] t a complete repres5tation ( ! subject may be obta9$4 ,!y imag9$ t because1 9 "s passages1 ! ,messiah is at once br\ght be=e u 9 glory1 j because ,he1 9 ?is way1 repres5t$ ,himself to ! prophets4 ,he mu/ also appe> at once 9 glory4 ,&1 la/ly1 by _! controv]sy ) ,*ri/ians1 !y 7 l$ to seek = o!r explanations4 ,z long z !y und]/ood ! passage z ref]r+ to a suff]+ ,messiah1 !y c\ld n d5y t !re exi/$ ! close/ agreem5t betwe5 ! prophecy & ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/4 ,n[ s9ce ! ,*ri/ians1 9 _! controv]sies ) ! ,jews1 always proce$$ f ! passages1 :i* by ,hulsius is p]t95tly call$ a c>nific9a ,judaeorum1 & always return$ to x1--s9ce !y saw :at impression 01 9 num]\s cases1 produc$ by ! controv]sy ( ! ,*ri/ians f\nd$ ^u ?is passage1 no?+ 0 m natural1 ?an t !y %\ld endeav\r to discov] an exp$i5t = rem$y+ ?is evil4 ,& ! discov]y ( su* an exp$i5t 0 ! m easy to !m1 ! m t1 9 g5]al1 !y 7 de/itute ( a s5se ( tru?1 & especially ( exegetical skill1 s t !y c\ld n see any reason = reject+ an int]pretation on ! gr\nd ( its be+ =c$ & unnatural4 ,9 pro( ( :at we h said1 we "h briefly pres5t ! argum5ts ) :i* ,ab>banel opposes ! explanation ( a suff]+ & expiat+ div9e ,messiah4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 by ! absurd rem>k t ! anci5t tea*]s did n int5d to give a lit]al1 b an allegorical explanation1 he seeks to invalidate ! au?ority ( ! tradition on :i* ! lat] ,jewi% int]pret]s laid s great a /ress1 :5soev] & :]esoev] x agrees ) _! own incl9ation2 &1 at ! same "t1 he advances ! ass]tion t !y ref]r$ ! fir/ f\r v]ses only to ! ,messiah1--an ass]tion :i* ! passages quot$ by u %[ to be utt]ly errone\s4 ,!n1 aft] hav+ combatt$ ! doctr9e ( orig9al s91 he cont9ues3 ,suppose ev5 t !re exi/s su* a ?+ z orig9al s91--:5 ,god1 ^: p[] is inf9ite1 0 will+ to p>don1 0 ,8 h& too %ort to r$eem 7,isa4 l4 #b71 s ,pg #caf t1 on ?is acc\nt1 ,he 0 oblig$ to take fle%1 & to impose *a/isem5ts ^u himself8 ,& ev5 al?\gh ,i 7 to grant t x 0 necess>y t a s+le individual ( ! human race %\ld be> ?is puni%m5t1 9 ord] to make satisfaction = all1 x w\ld1 at all ev5ts1 h be5 at lea/ m appropriate t "s "o f among ourselves1 "s wise man or prophet1 _h tak5 ^u him ! puni%m5t1 ?an t ,god himself %\ld h done s4 ,=1 suppos+ ev5 t ,he became inc>nate1 ,he w\ld n be l "o ( u4--,x is altoge!r impossible & self-contradictory t ,god %\ld assume a body2 = ,god is ! fir/ cause1 inf9ite1 & omnipot5t4 ,he _c1 !re=e1 assume fle%1 & subsi/ z a f9ite be+1 & take ^u himself man's puni%m5t1 ( :i* no?+ :atsoev] is writt5 9 ,scripture4--,if ! prophecy ref]r$ to ! ,messiah1 x mu/ ref] ei!r to ! ,messiah b5 ,joseph1 or ! ,messiah b5 ,david 7comp>e ! ,treatises at ! close ( ?is "w74 ,! =m] w p]i% 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 w>s2 nei!r t :i* is said ( ! exaltation1 nor t :i* is said ( ! humiliation ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god applies to him2 mu* less c ! latt] be int5d$4 7,!re !n foll[s a quotation ( sev]al passages treat+ ( ! exalt$ ,messiah47 ,t x 0 nev]!less difficult = ! c>nally-m9d$ among ! ,jews to reject ! tradition1 is se5 f ! p>aphrase ( ,jona?an4 ,?is =ms a middle l9k betwe5 ! anci5t int]pretation--:i* 0 reta9$1 ev5 at a lat] p]iod1 by ! bett] portion ( ! nation--& ! rec5t int]pretation4 ,jona?an 7see 8 p>aphrase1 among o!rs1 9 ,l[?'s comm5t1 edit$ by ,koppe1 on ! passage2 & 9 ,hulsii ,!ol4 ,judaica7 ackn[l$ges ! tradition1 9 s f>1 t he ref]s ! :ole prophecy to ! ,messiah4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he endeav\rs to satisfy 8 repugnance to ! doctr9e ( a suff]+ & expiat+ ,messiah1 by ref]r+1 ?r\gh ! mo/ viol5t p]v]sions & mo/ arbitr>y int]polations1 to ! /ate ( glory1 e ?+ :i* is "h said ( ! /ate ( humiliation4 ,a trace ( ! "r int]pretation may yet p]haps be f\nd 9 v]4 #ab1 :]e ,jona?an says t ! ,messiah w give ,8 s\l unto dea?2 b x may be t !reby he und]/&s m]ely ! intrepid c\rage ) :i* ! ,messiah w expose himself to all ,pg #cag dang]s1 9 ! conflict ) ! enemies ( ! cov5ant-p4 ,?is mode ( deal+ ) ! text1 h[ev]1 c\ld satisfy only a few4 ,!y1 !re=e1 w5t f>!r1 & s\ght = an entirely diff]5t subject ( ! prophecy4 ,h[ v little !y 7 !mselves conv9c$ ( ! s\ndness ( _! int]pretation1 & satisfi$ ) its results1 may be se5 f ! example ( ,ab>banel1 :o advances two explanations :i* diff] totally1 viz41 "o ref]r+ x to ! ,jewi% p1 & ! o!r to k+ ,josiah1 & !n all[s 8 read]s to make _! *oice betwixt ! two4 ,x is 9 tru? only1 t !re is unanimity & c]ta9ty2 error is always accompani$ by disagreem5t & unc]ta9ty4 ,?is w appe> f ! foll[+ enum]ation ( ! v>i\s int]pretations ( ?is passage1 :i*1 at a subsequ5t p]iod1 7 curr5t among ! ,jews4 7,! pr9cipal non-,messianic int]pretations ( ?is passage are f\nd 9 ! ,rabb9ical ,bibles1 & also 9 ,hulsius1 l4c41 p4 #cci1 bo? 9 ! orig9al & translation47 ,! int]pret]s may be divid$ into two ma9 classes3 #a4 ,^? :o by ,hebrew3 ebd ihvh und]/& "s collective body2 &1 #b4 ,^? :o ref] ! prophecy to a s+le individual4 ,! fir/ class aga9 falls into two subdivisions1 7a71 ^? :o make ! :ole ,jewi% p ! subject1 9 contra/ to ! ,g5tiles2 & 7b7 ^? :o make ! bett] portion ( ! ,jewi% p ! subject1 9 contra/ to ! ungodly portion4 ,^! views1 & _! support]s1 we %all n[ proce$ to submit to a clos] exam9ation4 #a4 7a47 ,among ! non-,messianic int]pret]s1 ! mo/ preval5t op9ion is1 t ! ,jewi% p are ! subject ( ! prophecy4 ,?is op9ion is f\nd at an e>ly p]iod4 ,at ?is we ne$ n be surpris$1 z ! cause :i* produc$ ! deviation f ! ,messianic int]pretation exi/$ at a p]iod equally e>ly4 ,:5 ,orig5 0 mak+ use ( ?is passage aga9/ "s le>n$ ,jews1 !y answ]$3 t t :i* "h 0 prophesi$ ( "o1 ref]r$ to ! :ole p1 & 0 fulfill$ by _! disp]sion4 ,?is explanation is foll[$ by ,r4 ,salomo ,j>*i1 ,ab5ezra1 ,kim*i1 ,ab>banel1 ,lipmann 7,hebrew3 spr nc,hv,n1 fol4 #aca74 ,! ma9 features ( ?is view are ! foll[+3 ,! prophecy is suppos$ to describe ! mis]y ( ! p 9 _! pres5t exile1 ! firmness ) ,pg #cah :i* !y be> x = ! glory ( ,god1 & resi/ e temptation to =sake ,8 law & wor%ip2 & ! prosp]ity1 p[]1 & glory :i* %all be be/[$ ^u !m at ! "t ( ! r$emption4 ,9 v]s4 #a-aj1 ! ,g5tiles are suppos$ to be introduc$ z speak+1 & mak+ a humble & p5it5t confession t hi!rto !y _h adopt$ an errone\s op9ion ( ! p ( ,god1 & _h unju/ly despis$ !m on acc\nt ( _! suff]+s1 inasmu* z _! glory n[ %[s1 t x 0 n = ! puni%m5t ( _! s9s t ^! suff]+s 7 inflict$ ^u !m4 ,"s ( ^! int]pret]s1 e4g41 ,ab5ezra & ,rabbi ,lipmann1 und]/&1 inde$1 by ! ,hebrew3 ebd ihvh1 ! pi\s portion only ( ! p :o rema9$ fai?ful to ,jehovah2 b ?is makes no mat]ial diff]5ce1 inasmu* z !y1 too1 contra/ ! ,hebrew3 ebd ihvh ) ! hea!n nations1 & n ) ! ungodly1 or less righte\s portion ( ! nation1 z is done by ! int]pret]s ( ! foll[+ class4 7b74 ,o!rs consid] ! appellation ,hebrew3 ebd ihvh z a collective designation ( ! pi\s1 & f9d 9 ?is section ! idea ( a k9d ( vic>i\s satisfaction made by !m = ! ungodly4 ,^? int]pret]s come ne>] ! true explanation1 9 s f> z !y d n1 l ^? ( ! prec$+ class1 set aside ! doctr9e ( vic>i\s satisfaction1 ei!r by a figurative explanation1 or1 l ,kim*i1 by ! absurd rem>k1 t ?is doctr9e is an error put into ! m\? ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y dep>t f ! true explanation1 9 s f> t !y g5]alize t :i* belongs to a def9ite subject1 & t1 flatt]+ ! pride ( ! natural man1 !y ascribe to m]e man :at belongs only to ! ,god-man4 ,mo/ di/9ctly 0 ?is view express$ by ! ,comm5tator on ! book ,hebrew3 ei,n ieqb or ,hebrew3 ei,n iwral1 :i* has be5 v frequ5tly pr9t$1 & :i* conta9s all sorts ( tales f ! ,talmud4 ,he says3 ,x is "r to suppose t ! :ole section conta9s a prophecy reg>d+ ! righte\s ones :o are visit$ by suff]+s4 ,he !n makes two classes ( righte\s m53--^? :o 9 g5]al mu/ endure _m suff]+s & mu* mis]y3 & ^? :o are publicly execut$1 z ,rabbi ,akiba & o!rs4 ,he supposes t ! ,prophet %[s ! dignity ( bo? ( ^! classes ( righte\s m51 to bo? ( :i* ! "n ( a ,s]vant ( ,god is ju/ly due4 ,a simil> op9ion is held by ,rabbi ,pg #cai ,al%e*4 ,z we h already se51 he ref]s only *ap4 lii4 #ac-ae to ! ,messiah1 & to ,8 great glory acquir$ by ,8 great suff]+s4 ,!n ! ,prophet speaks1 z he supposes1 9 ! "n ( all ,israel1 approves ( :at ,god _h said1 & confesses t1 by ?is decl>ation ( ,god reg>d+ ! suff]+s ( ! ,messiah1 !y h receiv$ light reg>d+ ! suff]+s ( ! godly 9 g5]al4 ,!y p]ceive x to be errone\s & ra% to inf] guilt f suff]+2 &1 h5ce=?1 :5 !y see a righte\s man suff]+1 !y w ?9k ( no o!r reason1 ?an t he be>s _! diseases1 & t 8 *a/isem5ts are = _! salvation4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god is ?us suppos$ to be z x 71 a p]sonification ( ! righte\s ones4--,a simil> view probably lies at ! f\ndation ( ^? passages ( ! ,talmud1 :]e "s portions ( ! prophecy "u consid]ation are ref]r$ to ,moses1 & o!rs to ,rabbi ,akiba1 :o is rev]$ z a m>tyr by ! ,jews4 ,x does n appe> t ! prophecy 0 conf9$ to ,moses or ,akiba2 b x 0 ref]r$ to !m1 only 9 s f> z !y belong$ to ! collective body :i* is suppos$ to be ! subject ( x4 #b4 ,t view :i* makes a s+le individual o!r ?an ! ,messiah ! subject ( ! prophecy1 has f\nd1 ) ! ,jews1 comp>atively ! fewe/ def5d]s4 ,we h already se51 t1 besides ! explanation :i* makes ! ,jewi% p ! subject1 ,ab>banel advances /ill ano!r1 :i* ref]s x to k+ ,josiah4 ,rabbi ,saadias ,haggaon expla9$ ! :ole section ( ,j]emiah4 ,not)/&+ all ^! ef=ts1 h[ev]1 ! ,rabb9s h n succe$$ 9 entirely supplant+ ! "r explanation1 & 9 ?us dive/+ ! passage ( all t is dang]\s to _! sy/em4 ,among ! ,cabbali/ical ,jews1 x is ev5 /ill ! prevail+ "o4 ,9 num]\s cases1 x 0 j ?is *apt] :i* =m$1 to proselytes f ,judaism1 ! fir/ f\ndation ( _! conviction ( ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,int]pretation ,,) ,,! ,,*ri/ians4 ,among ,*ri/ians1 ! int]pretation has tak5 ne>ly ! same c\rse z among ! ,jews4 ,simil> causes h produc$ ,pg #cbj simil> effects 9 bo? cases4 ,by bo?1 ! true explanation 0 rel9qui%$1 :5 ! prevail+ t5d5cies _h become oppos$ to its results4 ,& if we desc5d to p>ticul>s1 we %all f9d a great resemblance ev5 betwe5 ! modes ( int]pretation propos$ by bo?4 #a4 ,ev51 a priori1 we c\ld n b suppose o!rwise ?an t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 z long z %e possess$ ,*ri/1 f\nd ,him "h also1 :]e ,he is s cle>ly & di/9ctly set be=e our eyes1--t z long z %e 9 g5]al /ill ackn[l$g$ ! au?ority ( ,*ri/1 & ( ! ,apo/les1 %e c\ld n b1 "h too1 foll[ _! di/9ct1 (t5-repeat$ te/imony4 ,& s1 inde$1 d we f9d x to be4 ,) ! exception ( a c]ta9 ,silesian1 call$ ,seidel--:o1 giv5 up to total unbelief1 ass]t$ t ! ,messiah _h nev] yet come1 nor w\ld ev] come1 7comp4 ,jac4 ,m>t9i l4 #c1 de tribus ,elohim1 p4 #eib7--;& ( ,grotius1 bo? ( :om suppos$ ,j]emiah to be ! subject1 no "o 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has1 = sev5te5 c5turies1 v5tur$ to call 9 "q ! ,messianic int]pretation4 ,on ! contr>y1 ?is passage 0 always consid]$ to be ! mo/ di/9ct & glori\s ( all ! ,messianic prophecies4 ,out ( ! great mass ( te/imonies1 we %all quote a few4 ,augu/9e1 ,de ,civitate ,dei1 i4 #ah1 c4 #bi1 says3 ,isaiah has n only reprov$ ! p = _! iniquity1 & in/ruct$ !m 9 righte\sness1 & =etold to ! p calamities imp5d+ ov] !m 9 ! ,future2 b he has also a great] numb] ( pr$ictions1 ?an ! o!r prophets1 conc]n+ ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur*1 i4e41 conc]n+ ! ,k+1 & ! ,k+dom e/abli%$ by ,him2 s t "s int]pret]s w\ld r call him an ,evangeli/ ?an a ,prophet4 ,9 pro( ( ?is ass]tion1 he !n quotes ! passage "u consid]ation1 & closes ) ! words3 ,surely t may suffice6 ,!re are 9 ^? words "s ?+s too :i* require explanation2 b ,i ?9k t ?+s :i* are s cle> %\ld compel ev5 enemies1 aga9/ _! w1 to und]/& !m4 ,9 a simil> mann] he expresses himself 93 ,de cons5su ,evangeli/>um l4 i4 c4 #ca4 ,!odoret rem>ks on ?is passage 7opp4 ed4 ,hal4 t4 ii4 p4 #ceh73 ,! ,prophet repres5ts to u1 9 ?is passage1 ! :ole c\rse ( ,8 7,*ri/'s7 humiliation unto dea?4 ,mo/ wond]ful is ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,= t :i* 0 to take place aft] _m g5]ations4 ,he %[$ ,pg #cba to ! holy prophets 9 su* a mann] t !y did n m]ely he> ,him decl>e ^! ?+s1 b saw !m4 ,9 a simil> mann]1 ,ju/91 ,ir5aeus1 ,cyril ( ,alex&ria1 & ,j]ome1 express !mselves4 ,f ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,re=mation1 we %all "h quote ! te/imonies ( two ( _! f\nd]s only4 ,zw+le1 9 ,annot4 ad h4 l4 7opp4 t4 iii4 ,tur4 #aedd1 fol4 #bib7 says3 ,t :i* n[ foll[s is s cle> a te/imony ( ,*ri/1 t ,i d n "k :e!r1 any:]e 9 ,scripture1 !re c\ld be f\nd any?+ m consi/5t1 or t any?+ c\ld be m di/9ctly said4 ,= x is q 9 va9 t ! ob/9acy & p]v]sity ( ! ,jews h tri$ x f all sides4 ,lu!r rem>ks on ! passage3 ,&1 no d\bt1 !re is n1 9 all ! ,old ,te/am5t ,scriptures1 a cle>] text or prophecy1 bo? ( ! suff]+ & ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 ?an 9 ?is *apt]4 ,:]e=e x is b "r t x %\ld be well kn[n to all ,*ri/ians1 yea %\ld be committ$ to memory1 t !reby we may /r5g!n our fai?1 & def5d x1 *iefly aga9/ ! /iff-neck$ ,jews :o d5y _! only promis$ ,*ri/1 solely on acc\nt ( ! (f5ce ( ,8 cross4 ,x 0 res]v$ to ! la/ qu>t] ( ! la/ c5tury to be ! fir/ to reject ! ,messianic int]pretation4 ,at a "t :5 ,naturalism ex]cis$ its sway1 x c\ld no long] be reta9$4#a ,=1 if ?is passage conta9s a ,messianic prophecy at all1 its cont5ts (f] s /rik+ an agreem5t ) ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/1 t its orig9 _c at all be acc\nt$ = 9 ! natural way4 ,exp$i5ts 71 !re=e1 s\ght =2 & ^! 7 s mu* ! m easily f\nd1 t ! ,jews _h1 9 ?is matt]1 already op5$ up ! way4 ,all t 0 necess>y1 0 only to appropriate _! argum5ts & c\nt]-argum5ts1 & to inve/ !m ) ! semblance ( solidity by means ( a le>n$ app>atus4 ,! non-,messianic int]pretation among ,*ri/ians1 l ^? among ! ,jews1 may be divid$ into two ma9 classes3 #a4 ,^? :i* are f\nd$ ^u ! supposition t a collective ,pg #cbb body is ! subject ( ! prophecy2 & #b1 ^? :i*1 by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 und]/& any o!r s+le individual except ! ,messiah4 ,! fir/ class1 aga91 falls into sev]al sub-divisions3 7a471 ^? int]pretations :i* ref] ! prophecy to ! :ole ,jewi% p2 7b471 ^? :i* ref] x to ! ,jewi% p 9 ! ab/ract2 7c471 ^? :i* ref] x to ! pi\s portion ( ! ,jewi% p2 7d471 ^? :i* ref] x to ! ord] ( ! prie/s2 7e471 ^? :i* ref] x to ! ord] ( ! prophets4 #a4 7a47 ,comp>atively ! greate/ numb] ( non-,messianic int]pret]s make ! :ole ,jewi% p ! subject ( ! prophecy4 ,?is hypo!sis is adopt$1 among o!rs1 by ,do$]le91 79 ! preface & annotations1 9 ! ?ird edition ( ,isaiah1 b 9 su* a mann] t he /ill wav]s betwixt ?is & ! ,messianic int]pretation1 :i* =m]ly he _h def5d$ ) great zeal72 by ,s*u/] 79 a special treatise1 ,gtt+5 #agid72 by ,/ephani 7,g$ank5 b] die ,ent/ehung u4 ,ausbildung d] ,idee von inem ,messias1 ,nrnb]g #aghg72 by ! au?or ( ! lett]s on ,isaiah liii41 9 ! #f? vol4 ( ,ei*horn's ,biblio!k2 by ,ei*horn 79 8 exposition ( ! ,prophets72 by ,ros5mll] 79 ! second edition ( 8 ,comm5t>y1 leav+ to o!rs ! int]pretation :i* ref]r$ ! prophecy to ! prophetic ord]1 al?\gh he himself _h fir/ recomm5d$ x71 & _m o!rs4 ,! la/ :o def5d x are ,hitzig1 ,h5dew]k1 & ,k/] 7de ,s]v4 ,jeh4 ,kiel1 #ch74 ,sub/antially1 x has rema9$ ! same z we h se5 x among ! ,jews4 ,! only diff]5ce is1 t ^! expositors und]/&1 by ! suff]+s ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! suff]+s ( ! ,jewi% p 9 ! ,babyloni% captivity2 :ile ! ,jewi% int]pret]s und]/& !reby ! suff]+s ( ! ,jewi% p 9 _! pres5t exile4 ,!y1 too1 suppose t1 f v]s4 #a to #aj1 ! ,g5tile nations are introduc$ z speak+1 & make ! p5it5t confession t !y h =m$ an errone\s op9ion ( ,israel1 & n[ see t its suff]+'s are n ! puni%m5t ( its own s9s1 b t x _h suff]$ z a sub/itute = _! s9s4 7b47 ,! hypo!sis :i* makes ! ,jewi% p 9 ! ab/ract--9 anti!sis to its s+le memb]s--! subject ( ?is prophecy1 0 discov]$ by ,eck]mann1 !ol4 ,beitrge1 ,pg #cbc ,bd4 i4 ,h4 i4 ,s4 #aib ff4 ,accord+ to ,ewald1 ! prophecy ref]s to ,israel accord+ to its true idea4 ,accord+ to ,bleek1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god is a designation ( ! :ole p1 b n ( ! p 9 its actual reality1 b z x exi/$ 9 ! imag9ation ( ! au?or1--! ideal ( ! p4 7c47 ,! hypo!sis1 t ! pi\s portion ( ! ,jewi% p--9 contra/ to ! ungodly--are ! subject1 has be5 def5d$ especially by ,paulus 7,memorabili51 ,bd4 #c1 ,s4 #age-aib1 & ,clavis on ,isaiah74 ,8 view 0 adopt$ by ,ammon 7,*ri/ologie1 ,s4 #ajh ff474 ,! pr9cipal features ( ?is view are ! foll[+3--,x 0 n on acc\nt ( _! own s9s t ! godly portion ( ! nation 7 puni%$ & c>ri$ into captivity along ) ! ungodly1 b on acc\nt ( ! ungodly :o1 h[ev]1 by apo/atis+ f ! religion ( ,jehovah1 knew h[ to obta9 a bett] fate4 ,! ungodly drew f x ! inf]5ce t ! hope ( ! godly1 t ,jehovah w\ld come to _! help1 _h be5 9 va94 ,b :5 ! captivity came to an end1 & ! godly return$1 !y saw t !y _h be5 mi/ak51 & t ! hope ( ! godly 0 well f\nd$4 ,!y1 !re=e1 full ( rep5tance1 deeply lam5t t !y _h n long ago rep5t$ ( _! s9s4 ,?is view is adopt$ also by ,von ,clln 9 8 ,biblis*e ,!ologie2 by ,!nius 9 ,wi5]'s ,zeits*rift1 ii4 #a2 by ,maur] & ,knobel4 ,! latt] says3 ,^? :o 7 zeal\s adh]5ts ( ! ,!ocracy _h a difficult position among _! own p1 & _h to suff] mo/ f =eign tyrants4 ,! true wor%ipp]s ( ,jehovah 7 giv5 up to mock]y & scorn1 to p]secution & ! grosse/ abuse1 & 7 9 a mis]able & horrible condition1 unwor?y ( m5 & almo/ inhuman4 ,! puni%m5ts = s9 _h to be endur$ *iefly by ^? :o did n des]ve !m4 ,?us ! view easily arose t ! godly suff]$ 9 sub/itution = ! :ole p4 7d47 ,! hypo!sis :i* makes ! prie/ly ord] ! subject1 has be5 def5d$ by ! au?or (3 ,ausfhrli*e ,erklrung d] smmtli*5 ,weissagung5 des ,a4 ,t4 #ahja4 7e47 ,! hypo!sis :i* makes ! collective body ( ! prophets ! subject1 0 fir/ advanc$ by ,ros5mll] 9 ! treatise3 ,leid5 und ,h(fnung5 d] ,prophet5 ,jehovas1 ,pg #cbd 9 ,gabl]s ,neue/es !ol4 ,j\rnal1 vol4 ii4 ,s4 #d1 p4 #ccc ff4 ,f him x came z a legacy to ,de ,wette 7de morte ,jes4 ,*r4 expiatoria1 p4 #bh sqq471 & to ,ges5ius4 ,accord+ to ,s*5kel 7,/udi5 und ,kritik5 #cf7 ! prophetic ord] 0 ! quiet1 hidd5 blossom1 :i* e>ly /orms broke4 ,accord+ to ,umbreit ! ,s]vant ( ,god is ! collective body ( ! prophets1 or ! prophetic ord]1 :i* is "h pla9ly repres5t$ z ! sacrificial bea/ 767 tak+ ^u itself ! s9s ( ! p4 ,he f9ds x r /range t ! ,prophet :o1 9 *ap4 lxvi4 #c 7( c\rse accord+ to a false int]pretation71 pla9ly rejects sacrifice altoge!r1 %\ld speak ( ! %$d+ ( ! blood ( a man1 &1 moreov]1 ( a pure1 s9less man1 9 ! room ( ! guilty4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,umbreit seeks to ga9 a transition to ! ,messianic int]pretation1 al?\gh n 9 ! s5se held by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 has be5 po9t$ out by u on a =m] occasion1 9 ! rem>ks on *ap4 xlii4 ,h(mann 7,s*riftbeweis1 ii4 #a ,s4 #hi ff47 has got up a mixture compos$ ( ^! explanations :i* ref] ! prophecy to ! p1 to ! godly1 to ! prophetic ord]1 &1 if "o w1 ( t also :i* ref]s x to ! ,messiah4 ,he says3 ,! p z a p are call$ to be ! s]vant ( ,god2 b !y d n fulfil _! vocation z a congregation ( ! fai?ful2 & x is1 !re=e1 ! "w ( ! prophets to re/ore t congregation1 & h5ce also ! fulfilm5t ( its vocation4--,prophetism itself is repres5t$ n 9 its pres5t condition only1 :5 x exi/s 9 a numb] ( mess5g]s & witnesses ( ,jehovah1 9 ! fir/ in/ance 9 ,isaiah himself1 b also 9 ! f9al result1 into :i* ! fulfilm5t ( its vocation w lead1 :5 ! ,s]vant ( ,jehovah unites 9 ,8 p]son ! (fices ( a proclaim] ( ! imp5d+ "w ( salvation1 & ( its ,m$iator1 &1 f ! %ame & suff]+ atta*$ to ,8 vocation z a witness1 passes ov] into ! glory ( ! salvation realis$ 9 ,him4 ,9 ord] to r5d] su* a mixture possible1 ev]y?+ is tri$ 9 ord] to remove ! vic>i\s "* ( ! suff]+s ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 s9ce t "* is peculi> to ,*ri/1 & excludes e comp>ison4 ,( a prie/ly self-sacrifice ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god--says ,h(mann1 ,s4 #aja1 #b--;,i _c f9d any?+4 ,! ass]tion t ! words ,hebrew3 izh gvi,m1 d5ote a prie/ly "w1 no long] requires a refutation4 ,8 ,pg #cbe vocation is to be ! m$iator ( a revelation ( ,god 9 words2 & al?\gh ! fulfilm5t ( ?is vocation br+s dea? ^u ,him1 )\t ,8 endeav\r+ to escape1 ?is is n a pro( nor a "p ( ,8 prie/ly vocation4 ,9 j ! same case is ! ass]tion t ! ,messiah appe>s "h z a ,k+ also4 ,z long z we proce$ f ! supposition t ! ,prophet pr$icts tru?1 we are1 by t v supposition1 =bidd5 to di/ribute ! prop]ty ( ! "o among ! _m2 b t is ?us viol5tly set aside4 ,! ,rationali/ic int]pret]s h 9 ?is respect an easi] task4 ,!y all[ ! sub/itution to /&2 b !y consid] x z a va9 fancy4 ,! fact t ,h(mann does n recoil f ev5 ! mo/ viol5t int]pretations1 9 ord] to remove ! exclusive ref]5ce to ,*ri/1 appe>s1 e4g41 f 8 rem>k1 ,s4 #acb1 t ! *a/isem5t ( our peace designates an actual *a/isem5t1 :i* conv9ces !m ( _! s91 & ( ! e>ne/ness ( div9e hol9ess1 & ?us s]ves = _! salvation4 ,surely ,ges5ius & ,hitzig's explanations are f> m unbiass$4 #b4 ,among ! int]pretations :i* ref] ! prophecy to a s+le individual o!r ?an ! ,messiah1 sc>cely any "o has f\nd ano!r def5d] ?an its own au?or4 ,!y are ( importance only 9 s f>1 z !y %[ t mo/ decid$ly does ! prophecy make ! impression1 t its subject is a real p]son1 n a p]sonification2 &1 f>!r1 t x c\ld n by any means be an exegetical int]e/ :i* induc$ rationalism to reject ! int]pretation :i* ref]r$ x to ,*ri/4 ,! p]sons t h be5 guess$ at are ! foll[+3 ,k+ ,uzziah1 7,augu/i71 ,k+ ,hezekiah1 7,konyn5burg & ,bahrdt71 ! ,prophet ,isaiah himself1 7,/udl971 an unkn[n prophet suppos$ to h be5 kill$ by ! ,jews 9 ! captivity 7an anonym\s au?or 9 ,h5ke's ,magaz91 ,bd4 i4 ,h4 #b71 ! royal h\se ( ,david1 :i* suff]$ innoc5tly :5 ! *ildr5 ( ! unhappy k+ ,z$ekiah 7 kill$ at ! comm& ( ,nebu*adnezz> 7,bolt5 on ,acts viii4 #cc71 ! ,maccabees 7an anonym\s writ] 9 ! ,!ologis*e ,na*ri*t51 #ahba1 ,s4 #gi ff47 ,ev5 at ?is pres5t "t1 ?is k9d ( explanation is n altoge!r obsolete4 ,s*5kel ?9ks t ! *apt] "u consid]ation may1 p]haps1 belong to ! p]iod ( ! real ,isaiah1 ^: language equals t ( ! description ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god n[ ,pg #cbf "u consid]ation1 9 concis5ess & h>%ness1 & may h be5 orig9ally a ,psalm ( consolation 9 suff]+s1 :i* 0 compos$ ) a view to ! hopeful prog5y ( "s pi\s man or prophet innoc5tly kill$1 & :i* 0 rewritt5 & int]pret$ by ! au?or ( ! book1 & embodi$ 9 x4 ,ewald 7,proph4 ii4 ,s4 #djg7 says3 ,f>!r1 ! description ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god is "h altoge!r v /range1 especially v4 #h f41 inasmu* z1 not)/&+ all ! livel9ess ) :i* ! au?or ( ! book conceives ( ,him1 ,he is n[h]e else s mu* & s obvi\sly view$ z an hi/orical p]son1 z a s+le individual ( ! ,pa/4 ,h[ little soev] ! au?or may h int5d$ x1 x 0 v obvi\s t ! lat] g5]ations imag9$ t !y w\ld "h f9d ! hi/orical ,messiah4 ,we are !re=e ( op9ion1 t ! au?or "h ins]t$ a passage1 :i* appe>$ to him to be suitable1 f an old] book :]e really a s+le m>tyr 0 spok5 (4--,x is n likely t ! mod]n controv]sy on *ap4 liii4 w ev] cease z long z ?is tru? is n ackn[l$g$2--a tru? :i* q spontane\sly sugge/$ itself1 & impress$ itself m & m /rongly ^u my m9d4 ,^! are1 no d\bt1 ass]tions :i* _c be ma9ta9$1 & are yet ( int]e/1 9 s f> z !y %[1 h[ mu* ev5 ^? :o refuse to ackn[l$ge x are annoy$ by a two-fold tru?1 viz41 t ,isaiah is ! au?or ( ! prophecy1 & t x ref]s to a p]sonal ,messiah4 ,at all times1 h[ev]1 t explanation :i* ref]s ! prophecy to ,*ri/ has f\nd able def5d]s2 & at no p]iod has ! anti-,messianic explanation obta9$ absolute sway4 ,among ! au?ors ( complete ,comm5t>ies on ,isaiah1 ! ,messianic explanation 0 def5d$ by ,da!1 ,do$]le9 7:o1 h[ev]1 wav]s 9 ! la/ edition ( 8 translation71 ,h5sl]1 ,l[?1 ,ko*]1 ,koppe1 ,j4 ,d4 ,mi*aelis1 v4 d4 ,palm1 ,s*mi$]4 ,9 addition to ^! we may m5tion3 ,/orr1 diss]tatio qua ,jes4 liii4 illu/ratur1 ,tb+51 #agij2 ,hansi ,comm5t4 9 ,jes4 liii41 ,ro/ock #agia 7?is "w has consid]ably promot$ ! int]pretation1 al?\gh its au?or (t5 %[s himself to be biass$ by ! views ( ! "t1 & especially1 9 ! int]e/ ( ,neology1 seeks to d away ) ! doctr9e ( satisfaction72 ,krg]1 ,comm5t4 de ,jes4 liii41 int]pret2 ,jahn1 ,app5d4 ad ,h]m54 fasc ii42 ,/eudel1 ,pg #cbg ,obs]v4 ad ,jes4 liii41 ,tb+5 #ahbe1 #bf2 ,sack1 9 ! ,apologetik2 ,re9ke1 exegesis 9 ,jes4 liii41 ,mn/] #ahcf2 ,?oluck1 9 8 "w3 ,das ,a4 ,t4 9 ,n4 ,t42 ,hv]nick1 9 ! lectures on ! ,!ology ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 ,/i]1 9 ! ,comm5t4 on ! second "p ( ,isaiah4 ,footnote #a3 ,! au?or ( ! article3 ,ueb] die ,mess4 ,zeit5 9 ,ei*horn's ,biblio!k d4 bibl4 ,lit]atur1 ,bd4 #f1 p4 #fee1 confesses q c&idly1 t ! ,messianic int]pretation w\ld soon f9d g5]al approbation among ,bible expositors1 _h !y n1 9 rec5t times1 obta9$ ! conviction1 t ! prophets d n =etel any ?+ ( future ?+s1 except :at !y "k & anticipate )\t special div9e inspiration4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,argum5ts ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,messianic ,,int]pretation4 ,! argum5ts aga9/ ! ,messianic int]pretation _c be designat$ 9 any o!r way ?an z insignificant4 ,!re is n "o among !m :i* c\ld be ( any weight to him :o is able to judge4 ,x is ass]t$ t ! ,messiah is n[h]e else designat$ z ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,ev5 if ?is 7 ! fact1 x w\ld n prove any?+4 ,b ?is "n is assign$ to ! ,messiah 9 ,ze*4 iii4 #h--;a passage :i* int]pret]s are unanim\s 9 ref]r+ to ! ,messiah--:]e ! ,"l calls ! ,messiah ,8 ,s]vant ,zema*1 & :i* ! ,*aldee ,p>aphra/ expla9s by ,hebrew3 mwi,ha vitgli ,messiam et revelabitur2 f>!r1 9 ,ezek4 xxxiv4 #bc1 #bd1 n to m5tion ,is4 xlii4 #a1 xlix4 #c1 #f1 l4 #aj4--;,x is f>!r ass]t$ t 9 ! ,messianic int]pretation ev]y?+ is view$ z future2 b t ?is is inadmissible = grammatical & philological reasons4 ,! suff]+1 contempt1 & dea? ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god are "h1 ?r\gh\t1 repres5t$ z pa/1 s9ce 9 *ap4 liii4 #a-aj1 all ! v]bs are 9 ! ,pret]ite4 ,x is ! glorification only :i* appe>s z future1 & is express$ 9 ! ,future t5se4 ,! writ]1 !re=e1 occupies a position betwe5 ! suff]+s & ! glorification1 & ! latt] is /ill imp5d+4 ,b ! /&-po9t ( ! ,prophet is n an actual1 b a suppos$ "o1--n a real1 b an ideal "o4 ,9 ord] to di/+ui% betwe5 condition & consequ5ce1--9 ord] to put suff]+s & glorification 9 ! prop] relation1 he takes 8 /& betwe5 ! suff]+s & ! glorification ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 & f t position1 t appe>s to him z be+ already pa/ :i*1 9 reality1 0 ,pg #cbh /ill future4 ,x is only an int]pret] s ?or\ghly prosaic z ,knobel :o c advance ! ass]tion3 ,no prophet occupies1 9 prophecy1 ano!r /&-po9t ?an t :i* 9 reality be occupies4 ,9 ?is1 e4g41 ,hitzig does n by any means ass5t to him2 = be 7,hitzig7 rem>ks on *ap4 lii4 #g3 ,proce$+ f ! c]ta9ty ( ! salvation1 ! ,prophet sees1 9 ! ,_s1 t already com+ to pass :i*1 9 *ap4 xl4 #i1 he call$ ^u !m to d4 ,& ! same expositor f>!r rem>ks on ,j]4 vi4 #bd-bf3 ,?is is a /atem5t ( h[ p w\ld !n speak1 &1 !reby1 a description ( ! circum/ances ( t "t4 ,b 9 our rem>ks on *ap4 xi4 & 9 ! introduction to ! second "p1 we h already prov$ t ! prophets v frequ5tly occupy an ideal /&-po9t1 & t su* is ! case "h1 ! ,prophet has himself expressly intimat$4 ,9 "s places1 he has pass$ f ! prophetical /&-po9t to ! hi/orical1 & uses ! ,future ev5 :5 he speaks ( ! suff]+s1--a ?+ :i* appe>s to h be5 done involunt>ily1 b :i*1 9 reality1 is done int5tionally4 ,?us !re occurs ,hebrew3 ipt,h 9 v]4 #g1 ,hebrew3 twi,m 9 v]4 #aj1 &1 accord+ to ! explanations ( ,ges5ius & o!rs1 also ,hebrew3 ipgie 9 v]4 #ab :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 he sometimes speaks ( ! glorification 9 ! ,pret]ite4#a ,comp>e ,hebrew3 lq,h 9 v]4 #h1 ,hebrew3 nwa 9 v]4 #ab4 ,?is af=ds a sure pro( t we are "h altoge!r on an ideal t]ritory4 ,! anci5t translators too h n und]/ood ! ,pret]ites z a designation ( ! real ,pa/1 & frequ5tly r5d] !m by ,futures4 ,?us ! ,,lxx4 v]4 #ad3 ,greek3 ek/sontai--adoxsei2 ,aqui4 & ,!od41 v]4 #b1 ,greek3 anabsetai4--,x is f>!r ass]t$1 t ! idea ( a suff]+ & expiat+ ,messiah is =eign to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & /&s 9 contradiction ev5 to its prevail+ views ( ! ,messiah4 ,b ?is objection _c be ( any weight2 nor c x prove any?+1 z long z1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 ! au?ority ( ,*ri/ is /ill ackn[l$g$1 :o ,himself decl>es t ,8 :ole suff]+ _h be5 =etold 9 ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & expla9$ to ,8 disciples ! prophecies conc]n+ x4 ,ev5 ! fact1 t at ,pg #cbi ! "t :5 ,*ri/ appe>$ ! k ( a suff]+ ,messiah 0 und5iably possess$ by ! m enlight5$1 proves t ! matt] /&s diff]5tly4 ,?is k is %[n n only by ! ,bapti/1 b also by ,simeon1 ,luke ii4 #cd1 #ce4 ,an ass]tion to ! contr>y c proce$ only f ! errone\s op9ion1 t e s+le ,messianic prophecy exhibits ! :ole view ( ! ,messiah1 :]eas1 inde$1 ! ,messianic ann\ncem5ts be> ?r\gh\t a fragm5t>y1 incid5tal "*1--a mode ( repres5tation :i* is g5]ally preval5t 9 ,scripture1 & by :i* ,scripture is di/+ui%$ f a sy/em ( doctr9es4 ,b ev5 if !re _h exi/$ an appe>ance ( su* a contradiction1 x w\ld long ago h be5 remov$ by ! fulfilm5t4 ,b ev5 ! appe>ance ( a contradiction is "h inadmissible1 inasmu* z ! ,s]vant ( ,god is "h n only repres5t$ z suff]+ & expiat+1 b1 at ! same "t1 z an object ( rev]5ce to ! :ole ,g5tile _w2 & ! gr\nd ( ?is rev]5ce is ,8 suff]+ & expiation4 ,z reg>ds ! o!r passages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :]e a suff]+ ,messiah is m5tion$1 we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! ,messiah simply suff]+1 & ! ,messiah suff]+ z a sub/itute4 ,! latt]1 inde$1 we meet ) 9 ?is passage only4 ,b to make up = ?is isolat$ m5tion1 ! repres5tation "h is s full & exhau/ive1 s entirely excludes all misund]/&+1 except t :i* is b5t ^u misund]/&+1 or :i* is ! result ( evil disposition1 is s affect+ & s indelibly impressive1 is inde$ s exactly 9 ! tone ( doctr9al !ology1 & !re=e diff]5t f ! ord9>y treatm5t1 :i* is always incid5tal1 & requires to be supplem5t$ f o!r passages1 t ?is s+le isolat$ repres5tation1 :i* s\nds ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is q suffici5t = ! ,*ur*4 ,! suff]+ & dy+ ,messiah1 on ! o!r h&1 we meet ) frequ5tly 9 o!r passages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t also1 al?\gh1 inde$1 n s frequ5tly z ! ,messiah 9 glory4 ,9 ?is light ,he is br\ght be=e u1 e4g41 9 *ap4 xlix4 #ej2 9 ,dan4 ix42 9 ,ze*4 ix4 #i1 #aj1 xi4 #ab1 #ac4 ,! fact t ! humiliation ( ,*ri/ w\ld prec$e ,8 exaltation is di/9ctly po9t$ out 9 ! fir/ "p ( ,isaiah also1 9 *ap4 xi4 #a1--;a passage :i* conta9s1 9 a g]m1 all t1 9 ! second "p1 ,pg #ccj is m fully /at$ reg>d+ ! suff]+ ,messiah1 & :i* has _m /rik+ po9ts ( contact specially ) *ap4 liii4 ,& j s x is ) ,isaiah's contempor>y1 ,micah1 :o1 9 *ap4 v4 #a 7#b71 makes ! ,messiah proce$1 n f ,j]usalem1 ! seat ( ! ,davidic family aft] x 0 rais$ to ! royal dignity1 b f ,be?lehem1 :]e ,jesse1 ! ance/or1 liv$ z a peasant1--z a pro( t ! ,messiah w\ld proce$ f ! family ( ,david sank back into ! obscurity ( private life4 ,?is k1 t ! ,messiah %\ld proce$ f ! altoge!r abas$ h\se ( ,david1--a k :i* appe>s z e>ly z 9 ,amos1 & :i* p]vades ! :ole ( prophecy--t\*es v closely ^u ! k ( ,8 suff]+s4 ,l[l9ess ( orig91 & exaltation ( de/9ation1 c h>dly be reconcil$ )\t sev]e conflicts4 ,b x is a priori impossible1 t ! idea ( ! suff]+ ,messiah %\ld be want+ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,s9ce1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ?r\gh\t1 righte\sness & suff]+ 9 ?is _w ( s9 are repres5t$ z be+ indissolubly connect$1 ! ,messiah1 be+ ,greek3 kat'exo*n ! ,righte\s ,"o1 mu/ necess>ily appe> also z ,he :o suff]s 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,if t 7 n ! case1 ! ,messiah w\ld be totally disconnect$ f all ,8 types1 especially f ,david1 :o1 ?r\gh ! sev]e/ suff]+s1 atta9$ to glory1 & :o 9 8 ,psalms1 ev]y:]e consid]s ?is c\rse z ! normal "o1 bo? 9 ! ,psalms :i* ref] to ! suff]+ righte\s 9 g5]al1 & 9 ^? :i* especially ref] to 8 family rea*+ _! highe/ elevation 9 ! ,messiah2 comp>e my ,comm5t>y on ! ,psalms1 ,vol4 iv41 p4 lxxx4 ff4 ,footnote #a3 ,! same ?+ occurs also 9 ! p>allel passages1 *ap4 xlix4 #i1 on :i* ,ges5ius 0 con/ra9$ to rem>k3 ,z ! deliv]ance 0 /ill imp5d+1 ! ,pret]ites _c well be und]/ood 9 any o!r way ?an z ,futures4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,argum5ts ,,9 ,,fav\r ,,( ,,! ,,messianic ,,int]pretation4 ,ev5 ! fact t ?is is among ! ,jews ! orig9al int]pretation1 :i* 0 giv5 up f _! evil disposition only1 makes u fav\rably incl9$ t[>ds x4 ,! au?ority ( tradition is "h ( s mu* ! great] consequ5ce1 ! m t ! ,messianic int]pretation 0 oppos$ to ! disposition ,pg #cca ( ! p4 ,h[ deeply root$ 0 ?is int]pretation1 appe>s ev5 f ! decl>ation ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,john i4 #bi3 ,greek3 ide ho amnos t\ ,!\ ho airn tn ham>tian t\ kosm\4 ,!re _c be any d\bt t1 9 ?is decl>ation1 he po9ts to ! prophecy "u consid]ation1 inasmu* z ?is passage is ! fir/ 9 ,holy ,scripture 9 :i* ! s9-be>+ lamb is spok5 ( 9 a spiritual s5se4 ,b5gel1 foll[+ ! example ( ,erasmus1 rem>ks1 9 ref]5ce to ! article be=e ,greek3 amnos3 ,! article looks back to ! prophecy :i* 0 giv5 conc]n+ ,him "u ?is figure1 9 ,is4 liii4 #g4 ,z reg>ds ,greek3 ,!\1 comp>e v]4 #aj3 ,x pleas$ ! ,"l pa9fully to cru% ,him1 & v]4 #b3 ,be=e ,him2 z reg>ds ,greek3 ho airn1 c4 comp4 v]4 #d1 r5d]$ by ! ,,lxx43 ,greek3 h\tos tas ham>tias hmn ph]ei2 comp4 v]4 #aa4 ,an ext]nal argum5t ( /ill great] weight is ! te/imony ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,above all1 x is ! decl>ations ( our ,"l himself :i* "h come into consid]ation4 ,9 ,luke xxii4 #cg1 ,he says t ! prophecies conc]n+ ,him 7 draw+ ne> _! p]fect fulfilm5t 7,greek3 ta p]i em\ telos e*ei71 comp4 ,matt4 xxvi4 #ea1 & t !re=e ! decl>ation3 ,& ,he 0 reckon$ among ! transgressors mu/ be fulfill$ 9 ,him4 ,9 ,m>k ix4 #ab1 ! ,"l asks3 ,greek3 ps gegraptai epi ton huion t\ an?rp\1 h9a polla pa? kai ex\d5?1 ) a ref]5ce to f man1 & f ! sons ( man 9 lii4 #ad1--to ,he _h no =m nor comel9ess 9 v]4 #b1--to despis$1 ,hebrew3 nbzh1 :i*1 by ,symma*us & ,!odotian is r5d]$ by ,greek3 ex\d5m5os1 9 v]4 #c4 ,9 ! ,gospel ( ,john1 ! ,"l emphatically & repeat$ly po9ts out1 t ! words3 ,:5 ,8 s\l ha? giv5 re/itution1 are writt5 conc]n+ ,him2 comp>e rem>ks on v]4 #aj4 ,aft] ^! di/9ct quotations & ref]5ces1 we %all be oblig$ to ?9k *iefly ( our passage1 9 ,luke xxiv4 #be-bg1 #dd-df also4 ,! oppon5ts !mselves grant t1 if 9 any passage ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ! doctr9e ( a suff]+ & aton+ ,messiah is conta9$1 x is 9 ! passage "u review4 ,! circum/ance also1 t ! disciples ( ! ,"l ref]1 on e occasion1 & ) su* confid5ce1 ! passage to ! ,"l1 likewise proves t ,*ri/ especially int]pret$ x ( ,8 suff]+s & exaltation4 ,( ,matt4 viii4 #ag1 & ,m>k xv4 #bh1 we h already spok54 ,john1 9 *ap4 xii4 #cg1 #ch1 & ,paul 9 ,rom4 x4 #af1 ,pg #ccb f9d a fulfilm5t ( *ap4 liii4 #a 9 ! unbelief ( ! ,jews4 ,9 ,acts viii4 #bh-ce1 ,philip1 on ! "q ( ! eunu* f ,e?iopia1 z to :om ! prophecy ref]r$1 expla9$ x ( ,*ri/4 ,aft] ! example ( ,de ,wette1 ,ges5ius lays special /ress on ! circum/ance1 t ! passage 0 nev] quot$ 9 ref]5ce to ! aton+ dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,b ,pet]1 :5 speak+ ( ! vic>i\s satisfaction ( ,*ri/1 makes a lit]al use ( ! pr9cipal passages ( ! prophecy "u consid]ation1 #a ,pet4 ii4 #ba-be2 & x is1 9 g5]al1 q ! usual way ( ! ,new ,te/am5t to support its /atem5ts by our passage1 :5soev] ! disc\rse falls ^u ?is subject2 comp4 e4g41 besides ! texts quot$ at v]4 #aj1 ,m>k ix4 #ab2 ,rom4 iv4 #be2 #a ,cor4 xv4 #c2 #b ,cor4 v4 #ba2 #a ,john iii4 #e2 ,pet4 i4 #ai2 ,rev4 v4 #f1 xiii4 #h4 ,ev5 ,ges5ius himself ackn[l$ges else:]e1 t we h "h ! text = ! :ole ,apo/olic prea*+ on ! aton+ dea? ( ,jesus4 ,mo/ ,hebrew read]s--s he says1 ,?4 iii4 ,s4 #aia--:o 7 s famili> ) ! ideas ( sacrifice & sub/itution1 c\ld n by any means und]/& ! passage 9 any o!r way2 & !re is no d\bt t ! :ole apo/olic notion ( ! aton+ dea? ( ,*ri/ is *iefly bas$ ^u ?is passage4 ,! circum/ance1 t ! ref]5ce to ?is passage appe>s commonly only 9 ! =m ( an allusion1 & n ( express quotation1 proves only s mu* ! m cle>ly1 t its ref]5ce to ! aton+ dea? ( ,*ri/ 0 a po9t absolutely settl$ 9 ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,9 fav\r ( ! ,messianic int]pretation are n only ! passages f ! second "p1 *ap4 xlii41 c41 b also1 f ! fir/ "p1 ! passage *ap4 xi4 #a1 :i* s rem>kably agrees ) *ap4 liii4 #b1 t bo? mu/ be ref]r$ to ! same subject4 ,to ^! ext]nal reasons1 ! int]nal mu/ be add$4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*--! be/ judge--has at all times recognis$ 9 ?is prophecy ! fai?ful & wond]fully accurate image ( h] ,"l & ,savi\r 9 ,8 aton+ suff]+s & ! glory foll[+ ^u !m1 9 ,8 innoc5ce & righte\sness1 9 ,8 meekness & sil5t pati5ce 7! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 speak+ ( !m1 frequ5tly po9ts back to our passage71 & 9 ! burial ) a ri* man1 v]4 #i4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature is ! aton+ "* ( ! suff]+ ( ! ,pg #ccc ,s]vant ( ,god1 & ( ! %$d+ ( ,8 blood4 ,sev]al int]pret]s h endeav\r$ to expla9 away ?is feature :i* !y dislike4 ,kim*i says3 ,"o mu/ n imag9e t ! case really /&s ?us1 t 9 ,israel ! captivity actually be>s ! s9s & diseases ( ! hea!ns 7= t w\ld be oppos$ to ! ju/ice ( ,god71 b t ! ,g5tiles at t "t1 :5 see+ ! glori\s deliv]ance ( ,israel1 w\ld ?us judge conc]n+ x4 ,a futile evasion6 ,x is n ! ,g5tiles :o speak 9 *ap4 liii4 #a-aj1 b ! believ+ ,*ur*4 ,e s9c]e read] w at once feel1 t x is n ! fooli% fancies ( o!rs :i* ! ,prophet communicates 9 ^! v]ses1 b ! div9e tru? made kn[n to him4 ,! doctr9e ( ! sub/itution1 ! ,prophet1 moreov]1 /ates 9 8 own "n1 by say+1 ,he %all spr9kle _m nations2 & s likewise 9 ! "n ( ,god1 9 *ap4 liii4 #aa1 #ab4 ,accord+ to ,m>t9i1 ,de ,wette1 & o!rs1 ! expressions are to be und]/ood figuratively1 & ! cont5ts & sub/ance to be ?is only1 t ^? sev]e calamities :i* t div9e m9i/] w\ld h to su/a9 w\ld be useful & salut>y to ,8 compatriots4 ,b ! fact t ! same doctr9e con/antly returns "u ! mo/ v>i$ expressions1 is decid$ly 9 fav\r ( ! lit]al int]pretation4 ,?us1 x is said 9 *ap4 lii4 #ae1 t ! ,s]vant ( ,god %\ld spr9kle _m nations2 9 liii4 #d1 t ,he bore our diseases & took ^u ,him our pa9s2 9 v]4 #e1 t ,he 0 pi]c$ = our transgressions2 9 v]4 #h1 t ,he bore ! puni%m5t :i* ! p ought to h borne2 9 v]4 #aj1 t ,he (f]$ 8 s\l z a s9-(f]+2 9 v]4 #aa1 t by ,8 righte\sness _m %\ld be ju/ifi$2 9 v]4 #ab1 t ,he bore ! s9s ( _m1 & p\r$ out ,8 s\l unto dea?1 & t ,he c\ld make int]cession = transgressors1 because ,he 0 numb]$ ) !m4 ,to ?is x may /ill be add$ t 9 *ap4 lii4 #ae 7,hebrew3 izh71 liii4 #aj 7,hebrew3 aw,m71 & v]4 #ab3 ,he be>s ! s9s ( _m1 7comp>e ,levit4 xvi4 #ba1 #bb2 ,mi*aelis3 ,ut typice hircus pro ,isralitis7 ! ,s]vant ( ,god appe>s z ! antitype ( ! ,old ,te/am5t s9-(f]+s 9 :i*1 z has be5 prov$ 7comp>e my pamphlet3 ,die ,opf] d] heil4 ,s*rift1 ,s4 #ab ff471 ! idea ( sub/itution 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,old ,te/am5t f9ds its f\ndation4 ,!re _c be ! lea/ d\bt1 t ! ,prophet c\ld n express himself m cle>ly1 /rongly1 ,pg #ccd & di/9ctly1 if 8 int5tion 0 to /ate ! doctr9e ( sub/itution2 & ^? :o und]take to expla9 x away1 w\ld n1 by s do+1 leave any ?+ firm & c]ta9 9 ,scripture4 ,ros5mll] 7,gabl]'s ,j\rnal1 ii4 ,s4 #cfe71 ,ges5ius1 ,hitzig h inde$ c&idly confess$ t ! passage conta9$ ! doctr9e ( vic>i\s satisfaction1 aft] ,al%e* _h1 among ! ,jews1 giv5 ! hon\r to tru?4 ,,iv4 ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,! ,,non-,,messianic ,,int]pretations4 ,pass+ ov] m]e :ims1 ?ree explanations pres5t !mselves :i* require a clos] exam9ation1 viz4--7#a71 t :i* makes ! :ole ,jewi% p ! subject2 7#b71 t :i* ref]s x to ! godly portion ( ! ,jewi% p2 & 7#c71 t :i* ref]s x to ! collective body ( ! ,prophets4 ,! foll[+ reasons militate aga9/ all ! ?ree int]pretations simultane\sly4 #a4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! cont5ts ( ! section 9 "q pres5t !mselves z a m]e fancy2 & its pr9cipal ?\ght1 ! vic>i\s suff]+ ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god is an absurdity4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! prophets c no long] be consid]$ z godly m5 :o spake z !y 7 mov$ by ! ,holy ,_s2 & _! "n ,hebrew3 nbia1 by :i* !y claim$ div9e inspiration1 is a m]e pret5ce4 ,& ?is reflection is1 at ! same "t1 ca/ ^u ! ,"l1 :o1 ?r\gh\t1 treats ^! vision>ies z organs ( imm$iate div9e communications4 #b4 ,accord+ to all ! ?ree explanations1 ! subject is n a real p]son1 b an ideal "o1 a p]sonifi$ collective4 ,b n "o sure analog\s in/ance c be quot$ 9 fav\r ( a p]sonification c>ri$ on ?r\gh a :ole section1 )\t ! slighte/ intimation1 t x is n a s+le individual :o is spok5 (4 ,9 v]4 #c1 ! subject is call$ ,hebrew3 aiw2 9 v]s4 #aj & #ab a s\l is ascrib$ to ,him2 grave & dea? are us$ s z to imply a subject 9 ! ,s+ul>4 ,scripture nev] leaves any ?+ to be guess$4 ,if we _h an allegory be=e u1 di/9ct h9ts z to ! int]pretation w\ld c]ta9ly ,pg #cce n be want+4 ,x is1 e4g41 q diff]5t 9 ^? passages :]e ! ,prophet designates ,israel by ! "n ( ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l4 ,9 !m1 all unc]ta9ty is prev5t$ by ! addition ( ! names ( ,jacob & ,israel1 xli4 #h1 #i2 xliv4 #a1 #b1 #ba2 xlv4 #d2 xlviii4 #bj2 & 9 !m1 moreov]1 ! ,prophet uses ! ,plural by ! side ( ! ,s+ul>1 to intimate t ! ,s]vant ( ! ,"l is an ideal p]son1 a collective1 e4g41 xlii4 #bd1 #be2 xlviii4 #bj1 #ba2 xliii4 #aj-ad4 #c4 ,! fir/ condition ( ! vic>i\s satisfaction :i*1 accord+ to our prophecy1 is to be p]=m$ by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 is1 accord+ to v]4 #i 7,because ,he _h done no viol5ce1 nei!r 0 any deceit 9 ,8 m\?71 b m especially /ill1 accord+ to v]4 #aa 7,he1 ! righte\s "o1 my ,s]vant1 %all ju/ify ! _m7 ! absolute righte\sness ( ! suff]+ subject4 ,he :o is himself s9ful _c und]go puni%m5t = ! s9s ( o!rs4 ,he is1 on ! contr>y1 visit$ = 8 own s9s1 bo? z a righte\s retribution1 & = sanctification4 ,( su* an "o t w\ld inde$ be true :i*1 accord+ to ! second clause ( v]4 #d1 0 only errone\sly suppos$ 9 ref]5ce to ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,all ! ?ree int]pretations1 h[ev]1 are unable to prove t ?is condition exi/$4 ,all ! ?ree int]pretations move on ! purely human t]ritory2 b on t1 absolute righte\sness is n to be f\nd4 ,at ! v ?re%old ( ,holy ,writ1 9 ,g54 ii4 & #c1 comp>e v4 #c1 ! doctr9e ( ! univ]sal s9fulness ( mank9d meets u2 & h[ deep a k ( s9 p]vades ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is prov$ by passages su* z ,g54 vi4 #e1 viii4 #ba2 ,job xiv4 #d1 xv4 #ad-af2 ,ps4 xiv41 li4 #g2 ,prov4 xx4 #i4 ,t is n a soil on :i* ideas ( sub/itution c\ld ?rive4--,! doctr9e ( a sub/itution by m5 is inde$ n[h]e else f\nd 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 & ,ges5ius1 :o 7l4 c41 ,s4 #ahi7 endeav\r$ to prove t x is v g5]al has n adduc$ any argum5ts :i* are t5able or ev5 plausible4 ,! guilt ( ! fa!rs is visit$ ^u ! *ildr51 only :5 ! latt] walk 9 ! /eps ( _! fa!rs1 & ! latt] are fir/ puni%$2 comp4 ,g5u95ess & ,au!nticity ( ! ,p5tateu*1 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #ddf ff4 ,! same holds true 9 ref]5ce to #b ,sam4 xxi4 #a-ad1 ,! evil _s :i* fill$ ,saul1 p]vad$ 8 family1 at ! same "t1 z we "h see 9 ! in/ance ( ,mi*al4 ,x 0 probably 9 ! ,pg #ccf int]e/ ( 8 family1 & ) _! concurr5ce1 t ! wick$ de$ _h be5 p]petrat$4 7,mi*aelis says3 ,9 ord] t he might appropriate _! goods to himself & to 8 family1 "u ! pretext ( a pi\s zeal = ,judah & ,israel47 ,z ,saul himself 0 already ov]tak5 by ! div9e judgm5t1 ! crime 0 puni%$ 9 ! family :o 7 accomplices4 ,9 #b ,sam4 xxiv4 ! p d n suff] z sub/itutes = ! s91 :i* ,david _h committ$ 9 numb]+ ! p2 b ! _s ( pride :i* _h incit$ ! k+ to numb] ! p1 0 widely spread among !m4 ,b ! fact1 t ! k+ himself 0 puni%$ 9 8 subjects1 is br\ght out by 8 besee*+ ! ,"l1 9 #b ,sam4 xxiv4 #ag1 t ,he might r visit ! s9 directly ^u himself ,! s9 ( ,david & ,ba?%eba is n aton$ = by ! dea? ( ! *ild 7#b ,sam4 xii4 #ae-ah71 = ,david _h already obta9$ p>don1 v]4 #ac4 ,x is n ! *ild :i* suff]s1 b ,david1 ^: rep5tance 0 to be deep5$ by ?is visitation4 ,9 ! fact1 t ! :ole army mu/ suff] = :at ,a*an has committ$ 7,jo%4 vii4 #a71 a di/9ct intimation is impli$1 t ! crim9al does n /& alone1 b t1 to a c]ta9 degree1 ! :ole community 0 implicat$ 9 8 guilt4 ,sub/itution is q out ( ! "q1 inasmu* z ,a*an himself1 ) 8 :ole family & po/]ity1 0 burnt4 ,lea/ ( all1 f9ally1 c ,dan4 xi4 #ce come into consid]ation4 ,accord+ to ,ges5ius1 x is !re said3 ,& !y ( und]/&+ %all fall1 9 ord] to purge1 purify1 & make :ite ^? 7! o!rs74 ,b ,hebrew3 bh,m ref]s r to ! ,hebrew3 mwkili,m !mselves4 ,?us1 n[h]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is ev5 ! slighte/ trace f\nd ( a satisfaction to be accompli%$ by man = man2 nor c x be f\nd !re1 because1 f its v comm5cem5t4 ,scripture mo/ emphatically decl>es3 ,greek3 pantas huph'ham>tian e9ai1 ,rom4 iii4 #i4 ,! explanation1 :i* makes ! ,jewi% p ! subject1 has already be5 ov]?r[n by ! p>allel passages1 be=e arriv+3 at ! section "u consid]ation4 ,ev5 s f> back z *ap4 xlii4 #a1 difficulties are met )1 rem>ks ,beck4 ,h[ is x possible t ! p :o1 9 v]4 #ai ( t *apt]1 are describ$ z bl9d & deaf1 %\ld "h appe> z be+ altoge!r p5etrat$ by ! ,_s1 s z to become ! tea*]s ( ! ,g5tiles8 ,*ap4 xlix4 is a true ,pg #ccg cross = ! int]pret]s4 ,f9ally1 ! section1 *ap4 l41 ,hitzig himself is oblig$ to expla9 z ref]r+ to ! ,prophet2 & ?us ?is int]pretation =feits ! boa/ ( mo/ /rictly hold+ fa/ ! unity ( ?is notion4 ,b /ill m decisively is ! int]pretation ov]?r[n by ! cont5ts ( ! section "u discussion4 ,! ,s]vant ( ,god has1 accord+ to x1 volunt>ily tak5 ^u ,himself ,8 suff]+s 7accord+ to v]4 #aj1 ,he (f]s himself z a sacrifice = s92 accord+ to v]4 #ab1 ,he is cr[n$ ) glory because ,he has p\r$ out ,8 s\l unto dea?74 ,himself s9less1 ,he be>s ! s9s ( o!rs1 v]s4 #d-f1 #i4 ,8 suff]+s are ! means by :i* ! ju/ification ( _m is effect$4 ,he suff]s quietly & pati5tly1 v]4 #g4 ,n "o ( ^! f\r signs c be v9dicat$ = ! p ( ,israel4 7a74 ,! ,jews did n g volunt>ily into ! ,babyloni% exile1 b 7 dragg$ into x by =ce4 7b74 ,! ,jewi% p 7 n )\t s9 9 suff]+2 b !y suff]$1 9 ! captivity1 ! puni%m5t ( _! own s9s4 ,_! be+ c>ri$ away _h be5 =etold by ,moses z a punitive judgm5t4 ,lev4 xxvi4 #ad ff42 ,deut4 xxviii4 #ae ff4 xxix4 #ai ff41 & z su* x is ann\nc$ by all ! prophets also4 ,9 ! second "p1 ,isaiah frequ5tly rem9ds ,judah t !y %all be ca/ into captivity by div9e ju/ice1 & be deliv]$ f x by div9e m]cy only2 comp4 *aps4 lvi4-lix41 especially *ap4 lix4 #b3 ,y\r iniquities sep>ate betwe5 y & y\r ,god1 & y\r s9s hide ,8 face f y t ,he do? n he>4 ,= y\r h&s are defil$ ) blood1 & y\r f+]s ) iniquity1 y\r lips speak lies1 & y\r tongue m$itates p]v]s5ess4 ,_! feet run to evil1 & !y make ha/e to %$ innoc5t blood1 _! ?\ghts are ?\ghts ( iniquity1 wa/+ & de/ruction are 9 _! pa?s4 ,! way ( peace !y "k n1 & !re is no "r 9 _! pa?s2 !y p]v]t _! pa?s2 :osoev] goe? !re9 do? n "k peace4 ,apo/acy & d5y+ ! ,"l1 & dep>t+ away f our ,god1 speak+ oppression & revolt1 conceiv+ & utt]+ f ! he>t words ( falsehood4 ,comp4 *ap4 xlii4 #bd3 ,:o gave ,jacob = a spoil1 & ,israel to ! robb]s8 ,did n ! ,"l1 ,he aga9/ :om we h s9n$1 & 9 ^: ways !y w\ld n walk1 nei!r 7 !y ob$i5t unto ,8 law4 ,f>!r1 ,pg #cch *ap4 xliii4 #bf1 #bg1 :]e ! detail$ pro( t ,israel's m]its c\ld n be ! cause ( _! deliv]ance1 inasmu* z !y did n exi/ at all1 is1 by ! ,prophet1 w\nd up by ! words3 ,put me 9 remembrance1 let u plead toge!r1 decl>e !n t ?\ maye/ be ju/ifi$4 ,?y fir/ fa!r ha? s9n$1 & ?y m$iators h transgress$ aga9/ me4 ,!re=e ,i pr(ane ! pr9ces ( ! sanctu>y1 & give ,jacob to ! de/ruction1 & ,israel to reproa*es4 ,x is solely to ! m]cy ( ,god t1 accord+ to *ap4 xlviii4 #aa1 ,israel owes deliv]ance f ! sev]e suff]+ into :i* !y fell 9 ! way ( _! s9s4 ,"o may confid5tly ass]t !re is n a s+le page 9 ! :ole book1 :i* does n (f] a /rik+ refutation ( ?is view4 ,& mo/ mis]able are ! exp$i5ts to :i*1 9 ! face ( su* facts1 ! def5d]s ( ?is view betake !mselves4 ,ros5mll] 0 ( op9ion1 t ! ,prophet introduc$ ^? ,g5tiles only z speak+1 :o1 by ?is flatt]y1 wi%$ to ga9 ! fav\r ( ! ,jews1--)\t consid]+ t x is j 9 ! words ( ! ,"l1 9 v]4 #aa1 t ! absolute righte\sness ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god is mo/ /rongly express$4 ,hitzig is ( op9ion1 t ! p _h inde$ suff]$ = _! s9s2 b t ! puni%m5t _h be5 great] ?an _! s9s1 & t by ?is surplus ! ,g5tiles 7 b5efit$4 ,b ! ,prophet expressly contradicts su* a gross view4 ,he repeat$ly decl>es t ! puni%m5t 0 /ill mitigat$ by m]cy2 t1 9 ! way ( _! works1 ,israel w\ld h f\nd total de/ruction4 ,?us1 e4g41 *ap4 xlviii4 #i3 ,= my "n's sake w ,i be long-suff]+1 & = my praise w ,i mod]ate m9e ang] unto !e1 t ,i cut !e n (f2 *ap4 i4 #i3 ,except ! ,"l ( ,ho/s _h left unto u a v small remnant1 we %\ld h be5 z ,sodom2 we %\ld h be5 l unto ,gomorrah4 ,9 ord] to be fully conv9c$ h[ mu* ?is view ( ,israel1 en=c$ ^u ! godly m5 ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is 9 contradiction to _! own view1 ! pray] ( ,ezra may /ill be comp>$ 9 ,neh4 ix41 especially v]4 #bj ff4--7c47 ,! suff]+s ( ! ,jewi% p _c be vic>i\s1 because !y are de/itute ( ! v fir/ condition ( sub/itution1 viz41 s9lessness & righte\sness4 ,t ev5 ,hitzig does n v5ture to claim = !m4 ,b h[ c an ungodly man1 ev5 suppos+ t 8 puni%m5t is too sev]e1 ju/ify o!rs ,pg #cci by a righte\sness ( 8 :i* does n exi/8 ,f9ally--,! f\r? sign1 pati5ce1 s little belongs to ! ,jewi% p1 t x is "o ( ! ma9 tasks ( our ,prophet himself to oppose _! murmur+ impati5ce2 comp4 e4g41 *ap4 xlv4 #i ff4 ,aga9/ ! hypo!sis t ! p are ! subject ( ! prophecy1 !re is ! circum/ance t x c>ries along ) x ! unnatural supposition t1 9 *ap4 liii4 #a-aj1 ! hea!ns are introduc$ z speak+4 ,decisive aga9/ ?is supposition are specially ! designation ,hebrew3 emi 9 v]4 #h1 & ! mo/ =c$ explanation to :i* x compels u1 9 "s v]ses1 especially v]4 #b4 ,! int]pretation :i* consid]s ! godly portion ( ! p to be ! subject ( ! prophecy1 is ov]?r[n by ! fact t1 accord+ to ! view ( ,scripture1 ev5 ^? :o1 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 are righte\s1 are unable to r5d] a vic>i\s satisfaction = o!rs4 ,= su*1 absolute righte\sness is requir$4 ,b ! righte\s ones are begott5 by s9ful se$ 7,ps4 li471 & !y h ne$ daily to pray t ,god w\ld p>don _! secret s9s1 ,ps4 xix4 #ac2 !y !mselves live only by ! p>don+ m]cy ( ,god1 & _c ?9k ( aton+ = o!rs1 ,ps4 xxxii4 ,ev5 = believ]s1 ! captivity is1 accord+ to *ap4 xlii41 ! m]it$ puni%m5t ( _! s9s4 ,9 t passage1 ! greatness ( ! m]cy ( ,god is po9t$ out1 :o grants a tw(old salvation = s9s1 :ile inf9ite puni%m5t %\ld be _! natural consequ5ce4 ,x is n to a s+le portion ( ! p1 b to ! :ole1 t1 9 ! passages =m]ly quot$1 e %>e 9 effect+ deliv]ance & salvation is d5i$4 ,h[ little an absolute righte\sness exi/$ 9 ! elect1 suffici5tly appe>s f ! fact1 t1 9 ! second "p1 x =ms a ma9 object ( ! ,prophet to oppose _! want ( c\rage1 _! despair & di/ru/ ( ,god4 ,f>!r--,! ungodly c\ld n by any means consid] ! suff]+s ( ! righte\s ones z vic>i\s1 because !y !mselves suff]$ z mu*2 & z little c\ld !y despise ! godly on acc\nt ( _! suff]+s4 ,x is a m]e inv5tion1 de/itute ( e hi/orical f\ndation1 to ass]t t x 0 especially ! ,god-fe>+ :o _h to suff] s griev\sly 9 ! captivity4 ,on ! contr>y1 _! fe> ( ,god ga9$ = !m ! respect ( ! ,g5tiles2 & among ,pg #cdj _! own p also1 ^: s9ful disposition 0 brok5 by ! puni%m5t1 !y occupi$ an hon\rable position4 ,ezekiel we commonly f9d surr\nd$ by ! eld]s ( ! p1 li/5+ to 8 words2 & ,daniel1 ,e/h]1 & ,mordecai1 ,ezra1 & ,nehemiah1 ri*ly furni%$ ) ! goods ( ?is _w1 enjoy$ high e/eem 9 ! ,g5tile _w4 ,! fact t ! support]s ( ?is hypo!sis are compell$ to h rec\rse to su* an unhi/orical fiction1 :i* has be5 c>ri$ to ! extreme1 especially by ,knobel1 suffici5tly proves x to be unt5able4 ,9 opposition to ! int]pretation :i* ref]s ! prophecy to ! collective body ( ! ,prophets1 ,hitzig v ju/ly rem>ks3 ,! supposition t1 by ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! prophetic ord] is to be und]/ood1 is de/itute ( all f\ndation & probability4 ,9 comm5t+ on *ap4 xlii4 we rem>k$1 t !re are no analog\s cases at all 9 fav\r ( su* a p]sonification ( ! prophetic ord]4 ,moreov]1 ! def5d]s ( ?is view commonly d5y1 at ! same "t1 ! g5u95ess ( ! second "p4 ,f ?is /&-po9t x becomes /ill m evid5t1 h[ unt5able ?is hypo!sis is4 ,a prophetic ord] c1 lea/ ( all1 be spok5 ( dur+ ! "t ( ! ,babyloni% captivity4 ,) ! captivity1 ,prophetism began to die out4 ,j]emiah 9 ,j]usalem1 & ,ezekiel among ! exil$1 already /ood v mu* isolat$4 ,j]emiah1 dur+ ! la/ days ( ! ,jewi% /ate1 /&s out ev]y:]e z a s+le individual1 oppos$ to ! :ole mass ( ! false prophets4 ,!re is no m any prophet1 is1 at ! "t ( ! de/ruction by ! ,*aldeans1 ! lam5tation ( ! au?or ( ,ps4 lxxiv4 9 v]4 #i4 ,accord+ to an unanim\s tradition 7comp4 #a ,maccab4 ix4 #bg1 iv4 #df1 xiv4 #da1 & ! passages f ! ,talmud & o!r ,jewi% writ+s 9 ,knibbe's hi/ory ( ! ,prophets1 ,s4 #cdg ff41 & 9 ,joh4 ,smi?i ,diss]t4 de ,prophetis1 9 ! ,app5dix to ,cl]icus' ,comm5t>y on ! ,prophets1 *ap4 xii471 ,haggai1 ,ze*>iah1 & ,mala*i 7 ! la/ ( ! prophets1 & accord+ to ! hi/orical books & _! own prophecies1 ! only prophets ( _! "t4 ,h[1 n[1 7 x possible t ! ,prophet %\ld speak ( a great corporation ( ! prophets1 :o become n only ! f\nd]s & rul]s ( ! new /ate1 b :o are to enlight5 all ! o!r nations ( ! e>? ) ! light ( ! "t religion1 ,pg #cda & incorporate !m into ! *ur* ( ,god8 ,( all t is *>act]i/ic ( ! vocation ( ! prophets1 no?+ is f\nd "h2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 almo/ ev]y?+ :i* is said ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god is 9 opposition to ! vocation & de/9ation ( ! prophets4 ,t :i* "h1 above ev]y?+1 comes into consid]ation is ! vic>i\s satisfaction4 ,*ap4 vi41 :]e ! ,prophet :51 aft] hav+ adm9i/]$ ! prophetic (fice = sev]al ye>s1 he beheld ! ,"l1 exclaims3 ,woe is unto me = ,i am undone1 because ,i am a man ( unclean lips1 & dwell 9 ! mid/ ( a p ( unclean lips1 is suffici5t to %[ h[ f> ! ?\ghts ( su* a vic>i\s satisfaction 7 f ! prophets4 ,su* is surely n ! gr\nd f :i* ! delusion ( be+ sub/itutes = o!rs c gr[ up4 ,all ^? :o ent]ta9$ su* a delusion1 su* z ,gi*tel1 ,b\rignon1 ,guyon1 7 misl$ into x by pr\dly %utt+ _! eyes to _! own s9fulness4 ,x w\ld surely be abas+ ! prophets )\t any cause1 if we 7 to assign to !m t delusion4 ,moreov]1 ! hopes :i* "h1 accord+ to ^! int]pret]s1 are utt]$ 9 ref]5ce to ! prophetic ord]1 contradict its idea1 & in/itution4 ,a prophetic pride w\ld "h come out1 su* z is n equall$ by prie/ly pride 9 all hi/ory4 ,s*5kel1 no d\bt1 is "r 9 rem>k+ aga9/ ! int]pretation :i* makes ! ,jewi% p ! subject ( ! prophecy1--an int]pretation ( :i* ,hitzig is ! repres5tative3 ,is x to believ$ t ! prophets1 ^: object all along x 0 to suppress ! moral pride ( ! p1 %\ld wantonly h awak5$ x by su* a ?\ght8 ,b ,hitzig is equally 9 ! "r :51 9 opposition to ,s*5kel & o!rs :o ref] ?is pr$iction to ! prophetic ord]1 he rem>ks3 ,x is q obvi\s1 h[ v unsuitable x w\ld be to limit ! hi!rto wret*$ condition & ! future glory ( ! p to ! prophets1 z if !y alone1 z true ,greek3 katakurieuontes tn klrn1 con/itut$ ! p4 ,accord+ to ?is hypo!sis1 ! prophets are suppos$ to flatt] !mselves ) ! hope t !y w\ld be ! rul]s ( ! /ate aga9 fl\ri%+1 & w\ld celebrate worldly triumphs4 ,altoge!r ap>t f ! folly ( ?is hope1 x 0 entirely oppos$ to ! de/9y ( ! prophetic ord]4 ,by div9e in/itution1 ! dom9ion 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,god _h = ev] be5 giv5 ov] to ,david ,pg #cdb & 8 family4 ,by usurp+ x1 ! prophets w\ld h rebell$ aga9/ ,god1 ^: lights !y 7 call$ to uphold4--,f>!r1 ,z ! pr9cipal sph]e ( ! m9i/ry ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 ! hea!n _w "h appe>s4 ,b ) x1 ! prophets h1 n[h]e else1 any ?+ to d2 _! mission is ev]y:]e to ,israel only4--,! suff]+s :i* ! prophets _h to endure dur+ ! captivity1 7 n diff]5t f ^? ( ! p4 ,e pro(1 yea1 ev5 e probability1 is want+ t1 dur+ ! "t ( ! captivity1 ! prophets--& hi/ory m5tions & kn[s only ,j]emiah1 ,ezekiel1 & ,daniel--7 pre-em95tly afflict$4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y occupy an hon\rable position4 ,j]emiah receives1 aft] ! capture ( ,j]usalem1 pro(s ( e/eem f ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,daniel is entru/$ ) ! highe/ public (fices4 ,ezekiel is held 9 hon\r by 8 compatriots4 ,h[ !n c\ld ! p despise ! prophets on acc\nt ( _! suff]+s8 ,h[ c\ld !y imag9e t !y _h be5 smitt5 by ,god8 ,h[ c\ld !y aft]w>ds conceive ! idea t ! suff]+s ( ! prophets _h a vic>i\s "*8--,to :at qu>t] soev] we look1 impossibilities pres5t !mselves2 & if1 moreov]1 we also look at ! p>allel passages1 we mu/ inde$ wond]1 t a hypo!sis altoge!r s unt5able %\ld ev] h be5 li/5$ to4 ,,*apt] ,,lv4 #a-e4 ,! ,"l exhorts ^? :o are anxi\s to be sav$1 to appropriate ! bless+s ( salvation :i* are s lib]ally (f]$1 & :i*1 al?\gh be/[$ )\t money & price1 c alone truly satisfy ! s\l1 v]s4 #a & #b4 ,= ,he is to make ) !m a cov5ant ( ev]la/+ duration1 9 :i* ! et]nal m]cy promis$ to ! family ( ,david is to be realiz$1 v]4 #c4 ,david--su* is ! salvation 9 /ore = ! ,*ur*--is to be a witness1 pr9ce1 & lawgiv] ( all ! ,g5tiles :o1 ) joyful read9ess1 %all unite !mselves to ,israel4 ,pg #cdc ,v]4 #a4 ,ho1 all ye t ?ir/1 come ye to ! wat]1 & ye t h no silv]1 come ye1 buy & eat2 yea1 come1 buy w9e & milk )\t silv] & )\t price4 ,! disc\rse is address$ to ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur* p9+ away 9 mis]y4 ,by ! wat]1 salvation is d5ot$1 z is n unfrequ5tly ! case1 comp4 *ap4 xii4 #c3 ,& ) joy ye %all draw wat] out ( ! wells ( salvation1 xliv4 #c2 ,ps4 lxxxvii4 #g1 lxxxiv4 #g1 cvii4 #ce4 ,! ?ir/y "o is he :o /&s 9 ne$ ( salvation4 ,to ! words3 ,ho1 all ye t ?ir/1 come ye to ! wat]1 ! ,"l ref]s 9 ,john vii4 #cg3 ,greek3 ean tis dipsa er*e/h pros me kai p9et1 :]e ! ,greek3 pros me _h be5 add$ f v]4 #c4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ,*ri/ !re appropriates to himself :at ,jehovah is "h speak+4 ,mi*aelis says3 ,*ri/1 9 consequ5ce ( ! highe/ id5tity1 makes ! words ( ! ,fa!r ,8 own4 ,!re is an evid5t ref]5ce to ! same words 9 ,rev4 xxi4 #f also3 ,greek3 eg t dipsnti ds ek ts pgs t\ hudatos ts zs drean4 ,simil>ly 9 ,rev4 xxii4 #ag3 ,greek3 kai ho dipsn er*e/h1 ho !ln labet hudr zs drean4 ,9 a some:at m di/ant relation to ! words be=e u1 b yet und5iably dep5d+ ^u !m1 is ,john iv4 #aj3 ,greek3 su an tsas auton kai edk5 an soi hudr zn4 ,v]s4 #ac1 #ad3 ,greek3 pas ho p9n ek t\ hudatos t\t\ dipssei pal94 hos d'an pi ek t\ hudatos1 h\ eg ds aut ou m dipss eis ton aina4 ,& s does1 9 ano!r aspect4 ,matt4 xi4 #bh3 ,greek3 deute pros me hoi kopintes kai pephortism5oi kag anapaus humas1 :i*1 h[ev]1 has /ill ne>] po9ts ( resemblance to v]4 #c2 = ,greek3 deute pros me corresponds to ,hebrew3 lkv ali 9 t v]se2 ! words ,greek3 kag anapaus humas1 to3 ,y\r s\l %all live !re1 b yet 9 su* a way t !re is1 at ! same "t1 a ref]5ce to ,j]4 vi4 #af2 ! ,greek3 kopintes kai pephortism5oi are ! ?ir/y ones 9 ! v]se be=e u4 ,x is rem>kable to see h[ important ?is unassum+ decl>ation 0 to our ,"l1 & h[ mu* ,he _h x at he>t4 ,we are !reby urg5tly call$ ^u1 by means ( deep & e>ne/ /udy & m$itation1 to arrive at ! full mean+ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* is ev]y:]e connect$ ) ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n only by ! /rong & firm ties ( express quotations1 b also by ! nice/ & mo/ t5d] ?reads ( g5tle allusions4 ,ev5 ,matt4 v4 #f3 ,greek3 mak>ioi hoi pe9ntes kai dipsntes tn dikaiosunn comes into a close relation to our passage1 z soon z x is recogniz$ t ,greek3 dikaiosunn is n ! subjective righte\sness ,pg #cdd :i* is exclud$ f t context1 b r righte\sness z a gift ( ,god1 ! actual ju/ification1 su* z takes place 9 ! be/[al ( salvation2 s t1 h5ce1 ! righte\sness !re corresponds ) ! wat] "h4 ,! subsequ5t eat furni%es ! f\ndation = ! fact1 t ! ne$ ( & desire = salvation1 is designat$ by hung] also1--,come ye1 buy & eat4 ,hebrew3 wbr to break1 is us$ ( ! appeas+ ( ?ir/ 7comp4 ,ps4 civ4 #aa71 & hung] 7comp4 ,g54 xlii4 #ai72 & corn is call$ ,hebrew3 wbr = ?is reason t x breaks ! hung]4 ,! v]b nev] means to buy 9 g5]al1 b only su* a buy+ z af=ds ! means ( appeas+ hung] & ?ir/4 ,nor does x1 9 itself1 /& 9 any relation to corn1 except 9 s f> only z ! latt] is a *ief moans ( appeas+ hung]4 ,?is we see n only f ,ps4 civ4 #aa1 b also f t :i* "h imm$iately foll[s1 :]e x is us$ ( ! buy+ ( w9e & milk4 ,! buy+ ( necess>y provisions is commonly designat$ by ! ,kal2 ! sell+ by ! ,hiphil4 ,9 ,g54 xli4 #bf1 ! sell+ too is designat$ by ! ,kal4 ,he :o causes t "o c break or appease1 may himself also be designat$ z he :o breaks or appeases4 ,?is v]b1 s v peculi>1 & ! n\n ,hebrew3 wbr1 occur 9 a c]ta9 accumulation1 9 ! hi/ory ( ,joseph only2 else:]e1 _! occurr5ce is sporadic only4 ,x is !n to ! hung] ( ,israel 9 anci5t times1 & to its be+ appeas$ by ,joseph1 t ! d\ble ,hebrew3 wbrv alludes2 & f ?is circum/ance also ! fact is to be expla9$1 t x is fir/ us$ 9 ref]5ce to food2 comp4 ,hebrew3 wbrv vaklv 9 our v]se1 ) ,hebrew3 wbr akl 9 ,g54 xlii4 #g-aj4 ,*ri/ is ! true ,joseph1 :o puts an end to ! hung] & ?ir/ ( ! p ( ,god1 by (f]+ true food & true dr9k4--,! ^w eat sugge/s sub/antial food1 bread 9 contra/ to ! dr9k by :i* x is surr\nd$ on bo? sides2 comp>e ,john vi4 #ce3 ,greek3 eg eimi ho artos ts zs4 ho er*om5os pros me ou m pe9as ,hebrew3 wbrv ,greek3 kai ho pi/eun eis eme ou m dipss ppote4 ,v]4 #ee3 ,greek3 h g> s>x m\ al?s e/i brsis1 kai to hima m\ al?s e/i posis4 ,f ! sequel 7comp4 v]s4 #f1 #g71 x appe>s t ! ?rice repeat$ com+ & ! buy+ are accompli%$ by true rep5tance1 ! ,greek3 metanoia1 :i* is ! indisp5sable condition ( ! p>ticipation 9 ! salvation4 ,9 ,john vi4 #ce1 ! words3 ,greek3 ho er*om5os pros me are expla9$ by3 ,greek3 ho pi/eun eis eme4 ,fai? is ! s\l ( rep5tance4--,! circum/ance t ! ,pg #cde buy+ is done )\t money1 intimates t ! bless+s ( salvation are a pure gift ( div9e grace4 ,^! bless+s ( salvation are fir/ designat$ by wat]2 aft]w>ds1 by w9e & milk1--?us approximat+ to ^? passages 9 :i* ! bless+s ( ! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/ appe> "u ! image ( a ri* repa/1 to :i* ! memb]s ( ! ,k+dom are invit$ z gue/s1 ,ps4 xxii4 #bf-cj2 ,matt4 viii4 #aa1 xxii4 #b2 ,luke xiv4 #af2 ,rev4 xix4 #i4--,"s ,rationali/ic int]pret]s und]/&1 by ! (f]$ bless+s1 ! salut>y admonitions ( ! ,prophet2 b decisive aga9/ ^! are v]s4 #c & #aa1 accord+ to :i* x is n pres5t1 b future bless+s1 n words1 b real ?+s :i* are spok5 (1 viz41 ! salvation :i* is to be br\ght ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,:at t is :i* con/itutes ! sub/ance ( ?is salvation1 we le>n f *ap4 liii4 ,x is ! r$emption & reconciliation by ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,yet we mu/ n1 aft] ! mann] ( sev]al anci5t int]pret]s1 limit ourselves to ! evangelical righte\sness4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! :ole fulness ( ! salvation 9 ,*ri/ is compreh5d$ 9 x2 & accord+ to v]s4 #d & #e1 ?is includes ! dom9ion ov] ! _w by ! ,k+dom ( ,god1--its dom9ion ov] ! ,g5tile _w1 & ! inve/iture ( its memb]s ) ! full lib]ty & glory ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,v]4 #b4 ,:]e=e d ye weigh money = t :i* is n bread1 & y\r lab\r = t :i* satisfie? n8 ,he>k51 he>k5 unto me1 & eat ye t :i* is good1 & let y\r s\l delight itself 9 fatness4 ,f v]4 #c1 we see t x is n ! ,prophet1 b ! ,"l :o speaks4 ,t :i* is n bread1 & t :i* satisfie? n1 is some?+ :i* outw>dly has ! appe>ance ( good & nutriti\s food1 & to obta9 :i* ! hungry ones !re=e /rive1 & ex]t !mselves ) all _! might1 b :i* aft]w>ds %[s itself to be food 9 appe>ance only1 & :i* has n ! p[] ( satisfy+4 ,t :i* is n bread1 is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! imag9$ salvation :i* !y s\ght to obta9 f idols = mu* money4 ,?is appe>s f ! int5tional lit]al ref]5ce to *ap4 xlvi4 #f1 :]e ! ,prophet reproves ! folly ( ^? :o1 9 ! face ( ! liv+ ,god1 lavi% gold out ( ! bag1 & weigh silv] 9 ! balance1 & hire a goldsmi?1 ,pg #cdf t he make x a god1 "w also & fall d[n4 ,) p]fect ju/ice ,/i] rem>ks3 ,not)/&+ ! connection )1 & allusion to1 ! circum/ances ( t "t1 ! ^w ( ! ,prophet is to be und]/ood 9 a g5]al1 spiritual way1 z a melan*oly1 bitt] lam5tation ov] ! g5]al mis]y1 & man's deep-root$ p]v]s5ess 9 runn+ ) ef=t & ex]tion1 aft] t :i* is p]nici\s to ! s\l1 & 9 s]v+ "s ,baal bett] ?an ,jehovah4 ,fatness occurs z a figurative designation ( ! glori\s gifts ( ,god1 9 ,ps4 xxxvi4 #i also4 ,v]4 #c4 ,incl9e y\r e>s & come unto me1 he> & y\r s\l %all live1 & ,i w grant to y an ev]la/+ cov5ant1 ! con/ant m]cies ( ,david4 ,! introductory words allude1 9 a graceful mann]1 to two ,messianic psalms1 & rem9d u ( ! fact1 t ! prophecy be=e u moves on ! same gr\nd z ^! psalms4 ,on incl9e y\r e>1 & come unto me1 he>1 comp4 ,ps4 xlv4 #aa3 ,he>1 ,o daught]1 & see1 & incl9e ?9e e> 7f ! fundam5tal passage1 ! ,s+ul> is "h reta9$71 & =get ?y p & ?y fa!r's h\se4 ,on y\r s\l %all live1 comp4 ,ps4 xxii4 #bg3 ,! meek %all eat & be satisfi$1 !y %all praise ! ,"l t seek ,him1 y\r he>t %all live = ev]4 ,analog\s are ! ref]5ces to ,ps4 lxxii4 9 *ap4 xi4 ,! s\l dies 9 c>e & grief ,9 ! words3 ,i w grant to y1 c41 !re foll[ ! glad tid+s :i* are to heal ! dy+ he>ts4 ,hebrew3 krt brit is us$ ( ,god1 ev5 :]e no reciprocal agreem5t takes place1 b :]e ,he simply conf]s grace2 because e grace :i* ,he be/[s imposes1 at ! same "t1 an obligation1 & may h5ce be consid]$ z a cov5ant4 ,! onesid$ness is1 9 su* a case1 indicat$ by ! con/ruction ) ,hebrew3 l1 comp4 *ap4 lxi4 #h3 ,& ,i give !m _! rew>d 9 tru?1 & ,i make 7grant7 to !m an ev]la/+ cov5ant1 ,j]4 xxxii4 #dj2 ,ezek4 xxxiv4 #be2 ,ps4 lxxxix4 #d4 ,s9ce to make a cov5ant is "h id5tical ) grant+ m]cy1 ,hebrew3 akr? may also be connect$ ) ! subsequ5t ! con/ant m]cies ( ,david1 & !re is no necessity = suppos+ a ,zeugma4 ,! ev]la/+ cov5ant "h1 is ! new cov5ant 9 ,j]4 xxxi4 #ca-cd2 = ! words ,i w make %[ t1 "h too1 a new cov5ant is spok5 (4 ,! sub/ance ( ! cov5ant to be made is express$ 9 ! words3 ,pg #cdg ,! con/ant m]cies ( ,david1 c4 ,by ,david1 _m int]pret]s "h und]/& ! desc5dant ( ,david1 ! ,messiah1 :o1 9 o!r passages also1 e4g41 ,j]4 xxx4 #i1 be>s ! "n ( ,8 type4 ,ev5 ,ab5ezra ref]s to ! fact t1 9 v]4 #d1 ! ,messiah is necess>ily requir$ z ! subject4 ,! con/ant m]cies ( ,david are1 accord+ to ?is view--9 p>allelism ) ! ev]la/+ cov5ant--! m]cies con/antly cont9u+1 9 contra/ to ! m]ely transitory m]cies1 su* z _h be5 ^? ( ! fir/ ,david4 ,accord+ to ! op9ion ( o!r int]pret]s1 ,david designates "h1 z 9 ,hos4 iii4 #e1 ! family ( ,david :o1 9 ,ps4 xviii41 & 9 a s]ies ( o!r psalms1 speaks 9 ! "n ( 8 :ole family4 ,z reg>ds ! s5se1 ?is explanation arrives at ! same result4 ,=1 accord+ to x1 ! ,messiah is ,he 9 :om ! ,davidic h\se atta9s to its fall de/9y1 ! *annel ?r\gh :i* ! m]cies ( ,david fl[ 9 ^u ! ,*ur*4 ,= ! latt] int]pretation1 h[ev]1 is decisive ! evid5t ref]5ce to ! div9e promise to ,david1 9 #b ,sam4 vii41 especially v]s4 #ae1 #af3 ,& my m]cy %all n dep>t f him 7?y race7 444 & con/ant 7,hebrew3 nam,n7 is ?9e h\se1 & ?y k+dom = ev] be=e !e1 ?y ?rone %all be firm = ev]2 comp>e ,ps4 lxxxix4 #bi3 ,my m]cy w ,i keep = him = ev]more1 & my cov5ant is con/ant 9 him4 ,ps4 lxxxix4 #b1 #ej3 ,"l1 :]e are ?y =m] m]cies :i* ?\ sw>e/ unto ,david 9 ?y tru?8 likewise sugge/ t1 by ,david1 n simply ,*ri/ is to be und]/ood1 b ! ,davidic family4 ,! con/ant m]cies ( ,david are1 accord+ly1 ! m]cies :i* h be5 sworn to ! ,davidic h\se z con/ant1 :i*1 !re=e1 c nev] re/ until ,*ri/ has appe>$ ) ,8 ev]la/+ ,k+dom1 9 :i* !y f9d _! true & full realization4 ,9 ! expectation ( ! ,messiah f ! h\se ( ,david1 ! prophecy "u consid]ation goes h& 9 h& ) *ap4 xi4 #a1 :]e ! ,messiah appe>s z a twig :i* proce$s f ! cut-d[n tree ( ,jesse2 & ) *ap4 ix4 #f1 accord+ to :i* ,he sits on ! ?rone ( ,david4 ,?is passage alone is fully suffici5t aga9/ ^? 7,ewald1 ,umbreit1 & o!rs7 :o advance ! /range ass]tion1 t ! ,prophet _h altoge!r giv5 up ! idea ( a ,messiah f ! h\se ( ,david1 & _h di/ribut$ ,8 prop]ty betwe5 ,cyrus & ! prophetic ord]1 ,pg #cdh or ! pi\s portion ( ! p4 ,x is ( ! greate/ importance = ! explanation ( ^? passages :i* treat ( ! ,s]vant ( ,god1 & =ms a po9t ( union = ! ,messianic passages ( ! fir/ & second "p4 ,! passage be=e u is quot$ 9 ,acts xiii4 #cd3 ,greek3 hoti de ane/s5 auton ek nekrn1 mketi mellonta hupo/rephe9 eis diaph?oran h\ts1 eirk54 hoti ds hum9 ta hosia ,dabid ta pi/a4 ,greek3 h,osia ,dabid1 sancta ,davidis1 are ! sacr$1 inviolable1 inali5ably gu>ante$ m]cies & bless+s :i* h be5 promis$ to ! h\se ( ,david4 ,z c]ta9ly z ^! mu/ be grant$1 s c]ta9ly ,*ri/1 :o 0 to br+ !m1 c\ld n rema9 9 ! p[] ( dea?4 ,v]4 #d4 ,behold1 ,i give him = a witness to ! p1 = a pr9ce & lawgiv] ( ! p4 ,"h1 & 9 v]4 #e1 we h ! expansion ( ! m]cies ( ,david4 ,_! greatness & glory appe> f ! circum/ance t1 ar\nd 8 scion1 ! :ole hea!n _w1 :i* hi!rto 0 ho/ile & p]nici\s to ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 w ga!r4 ,! ,suffix 9 ,hebrew3 nttiv c ref] only to ,david1 or ! family ( ,david4 ,f ! connection ) *ap4 liii41 x appe>s t x is 9 8 desc5dant1 ! righte\s ,"o1 to :om ! hea!n & _! k+s d homage1 t ,david w atta9 to ! dignity "h ann\nc$4 ,hebrew3 ed has no o!r signification ?an witness4 ,e true doctr9e be>s ! "* ( a witness4 ,! tea*] s5t by ,god does n tea* on 8 own au?ority1 ,greek3 a m erak5 embateun1 b only witnesses :at he has se5 & he>d4 ,) a ref]5ce to1 & 9 explanation ( ! passage be=e u1 ,*ri/ says to ,pilate1 9 ,john xviii4 #cg3 ,= ?is end 0 ,i born1 & = ?is cause ,i came into ! _w1 t ,i %\ld be> witness unto ! tru?4 ,& ! passages1 ,rev4 i4 #e3 ,& f ,jesus ,*ri/ :o is ! fai?ful witness1 & ,rev4 iii4 #ad3 ,^! ?+s says ! ,am51 ! fai?ful & true witness1 likewise po9t back to ! passage be=e u2 comp>e f>!r1 ,john iii4 #aa1 #cb1 #cc4 ,9 ,john xviii4 #cg1 ,rev4 i4 #e1 ,8 be+ a witness is1 j z 9 ! passage be=e u1 connect$ ) ,8 be+ a ,k+2 s t ! ref]5ce to ?is passage _c be at all d\btful4 ,x is int5tionally t ,hebrew3 ed is put at ! head4 ,x is int5d$ to intimate t ! future dom9ion ( ! ,davidic dyna/y ov] ! hea!n _w %all be ess5tially diff]5t f t :i*1 9 =m] times1 x ex]cis$ ,pg #cdi ov] "s neighb\r+ p4 ,x is n bas$ ^u ! p[] ( arms1 b ^u ! p[] ( tru?4 ,he 9 :om ! ,davidic dyna/y is to c5tre %all connect ! prophetic ) ! regal (fice2 j z already1 9 ! prophecy ( ! ,%iloh1 9 ,g54 xlix4 #aj1 ! prophetic (fice is conceal$ beh9d ! royal4 ,! contra/ to ! fir/ ,david c ! less be d\btful1 t1 :ile ,hebrew3 ed is nev] appli$ to him1 x is j ! subsequ5t ,hebrew3 ngid :i*1 9 a s]ies ( passages1 is ascrib$ to him4 ,9 #b ,sam4 vi4 #ba1 ,david himself says t ! ,"l appo9t$ him to be rul] ov] ! p ( ! ,"l1 ov] ,israel2 9 #b ,sam4 vii4 #h1 ,na?an says3 ,i took !e f ! %eep-cot to be rul] ov] my p1 ov] ,israel2 comp4 #a ,sam4 xxv4 #cj2 #b ,sam4 v4 #e4 ,9 ^? passages1 h[ev]1 ,david is always spok5 ( z a rul] ov] ,israel2 s t ev5 z reg>ds ! ,hebrew3 ngid1 ! second ,david1 ! pr9ce ( ! p1 is n only plac$ on a level ) ! fir/ ,david1 b is elevate d above him4 ,= ! dom9ion by =ce :i* ,david ex]cis$ ov] "s hea!n nations1 ,hebrew3 ngid 0 ! less appropriate designation1 inasmu* z x designates ! rul] z ! *ief ( 8 p4 ,v]4 #e4 ,behold1 ?\ %all call a nation t ?\ kn[e/ n1 & nations t knew n !e %all run unto !e1 because ( ! ,"l ?y ,god1 & ( ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel1 = ,he adorne? !e4 ,! words "h are address$ to ! true ,israel1 to ! exclusion ( ^? s\ls :o are cut (f f among _! p1 comp>e ,ps4 lxxiii4 #a1 :]e ,israel & ^? t are ( a clean he>t g h& 9 h&1--&1 9 sub/ance1 !y also 7 address$ 9 v]s4 #a & #b4 ,= ! ?ir/y ones1 :o are !re call$ ^u to p>take ( ! bless+s s lib]ally (f]$ by ! ,"l1 are j ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 connection ) t glorification ( ,david1 ! ,*ur* %all invite nations f a great di/ance1 :o 7 hi!rto unkn[n to x1 to its communion2 & ^? nations :o hi!rto sc>cely knew by "n ! ,*ur* ( ,god %all joyfully & will+ly comply ) ! invitation2 comp4 *ap4 ii4 #b4 ,?is great *ange proce$s f ! ,"l1 ! ,almighty & ,holy ,"o1 :o1 z ! protector & ,cov5ant-,god ( ,8 ,*ur*1 has resolv$ to glorify x2 = ,he adorne? !e4 ,?is glorification consi/s1 accord+ to *ap4 iv4 #b1 9 ! appe>ance ( ,pg #cej ,*ri/1 ! imm$iate consequ5ce ( :i* is ! conv]sion ( ! hea!n _w4 ,we mu/ n[ review t exposition by :i* ,rationalism has endeav\r$ to deprive our passage ( its ,messianic import1--an attempt 9 :i* ,grotius l$ ! way4 ,ges5ius1 :om ,hitzig1 ,maur]1 ,ewald1 & ,knobel foll[1 translates 9 v]s4 #c & #d3 ,t ,i may make ) y an ev]la/+ cov5ant1 may %[ to y con/ant m]cies1 z once to ,david4 ,behold1 ,i h made him a rul] ( ! nations1 a pr9ce & lawgiv] ( ! nations1 & ref]s bo? ( ! v]ses to ! fir/ ,david4 ,9 v]4 #e1 !n1 ! m]cy is to foll[ :i*1 9 "s future "t1 ,god w be/[ ^u ! :ole p1 z glori\sly z once ^u ! s+le ,david4 ,b ?is explanation proves itself to be1 9 e aspect1 unt5able4#a ,we are ! less entitl$ to put m]cies l ,david's in/ead ( ! m]cies ( ,david1 t ^! m]cies are1 else:]e also1 m5tion$ 9 ref]5ce to ! et]nal dom9ion promis$ to ,david = 8 family2 comp4 ,ps4 lxxxix4 #b1 #ej4 ,) ! epi!t1 con/ant1 ^! int]pret]s d n "k :at to d4 ,ap>t f ! promise ( ! et]nal dom9ion ( 8 h\se1 no con/ant m]cies c1 9 ! case ( ,david1 be po9t$ out :i* w\ld be equally be/[$ ^u ! p1 & ^u him4 ,moreov]1 ,hebrew3 namni,m di/9ctly po9ts back to #b ,sam4 vii4 ,v]4 #d =ms1 accord+ to ?is explanation1 a hi/orical rem9isc5ce1 mo/ unsuitable 9 ! fl[ ( a prophetic disc\rse 7,umbreit74 ,b :at 9 itself is q conclusive is ! circum/ance1 t ! fir/ ,david c\ld n by any possibility be designat$ z ! witness ( ! ,g5tile nations4 ,x inde$ s\nds r nave t ,knobel1 aft] hav+ endeav\r$ to expla9 ,hebrew3 ed ( ! op5+ up ( ! law1 feels himself oblig$ to add3 ,! ^w does n1 h[ev]1 occur any:]e else 9 ?is signification4 ,nor c\ld ,david1 )\t f>!r limitation1 be designat$ z ! pr9ce & lawgiv] ( ! peoples2 & t s mu* ! m ,pg #cea t1 9 v]4 #e1 !re is an invitation to ! ,g5tile _w1 & t1 9 v]4 #d1 too1 ! ,g5tile _w1 9 ! wide/ s5se1 is to be ?\ght (4 ,aft] ! promise1 !re foll[s1 9 v]s4 #f-ac1 ! admonition to rep5tance bas$ ^u x4 ,rep5t ye1 = ! ,k+dom ( heav5 is at h&1 v]s4 #f1 #g4 ,d n d\bt t ! ,k+dom ( heav5 is at h&1 because x does n seem probable to y4 ,= ! c\nsels ( ,god g beyond all ! ?\ghts ( m52 &1 !re=e4 ,he & ,8 "w mu/ n be judg$ by a human measure1 v]s4 #h1 #i4 ,) ,him1 ^w & de$ are insep>ably connect$1 v]s4 #aj1 #aa4 ,?is w be manife/$ 9 y\r r$emption & glorification1 v]s4 #ab1 #ac4 ,footnote #a3 ,vitr+a already rem>k$ 9 opposition to x3 ,?is exposition is r f> fet*$1 & is ! weake/ ( all t c be advanc$4 ,i add1 t ! con/ancy ( ! promises giv5 to ,david does n appe>1 if we exclude ! ,k+dom ( ! ,messiah4 ,b are any o!r promises ( con/ant & et]nal bless+s1 su* z are "h promis$1 to be ?\ght (8 ,,! ,,prophecy--,,*ap4 ,,lxi4 #a-c4 ,z 9 *aps4 xlix4 & l41 s "h1 ! ,s]vant ( ,god is introduc$ z speak+1 & ann\nces to ! ,*ur* :at a glori\s (fice ! ,"l _h be/[$ ^u ,him1 namely1 to deliv] !m f ! mis]y 9 :i* !y _h hi!rto be5 ly+1 & to "w a wond]ful *ange 9 _! condition4 ,9 v]s4 #d-i1 ! ,prophet takes ! ^w1 & describes ! salvation to be be/[$ by ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,9 v]s4 #aj & #aa1 ! ,*ur* appe>s1 & expresses h] joy & gratitude4 ,accord+ to ! ,jewi% & ,rationali/ic int]pret]s1 ! ,prophet himself is suppos$ to be speak+ 9 v]s4 #a-c4 ,t op9ion 0 la/ express$ by ,knobel3 ,! au?or places be=e 8 promises a remembrance ( 8 vocation z a prea*] ( consolation4 ,9 fav\r ( ! ,messianic int]pretation1 9 :i* our ,"l himself prec$$ ,8 ,*ur* 7,luke iv4 #ag-ai71 are conclusive1 n only ! p>allel passages1 b also ! cont5ts ( ! prophecy itself1 :i* g f> beyond ! prophetic t]ritory1 & ! human t]ritory g5]ally4 ,! speak] designates himself z ,he :o is call$1 n m]ely to ann\nce ! highe/ bless+s to ! ,*ur*1 ,pg #ceb b actually to grant !m4 ,he does n repres5t himself z a m]e ,evangeli/1 b r z a ,savi\r4 ,v]4 #a4 ,! ,_s ( ! ,"l ,jehovah is ^u me1 because ! ,"l ha? ano9t$ me to prea* glad tid+s unto ! meek2 ,he ha? s5t me to b9d up ! brok5-he>t$1 to proclaim lib]ty to ! captives1 & op5+ to !m t are b\nd4 ,on ! words3 ,! ,_s ( ! ,"l ,jehovah is ^u me1 comp>e *ap4 xi4 #b1 xlii4 #a4 ,hebrew3 ie,n always means because ( ,! :ole succe$+ clause /&s in/ead ( a n\n1 s t1 9 sub/ance1 because ( is equival5t to because2 b x nev] c mean !re=e4 ,nor w\ld ! latt] signification af=d a good s5se4 ,! v]b ,hebrew3 mw,h mu/1 9 t case1 be subject$ to arbitr>y explanations4 ,! ano9t+1 :e!r x occurs z a symbolical action really c>ri$ out1 or z a m]e figure1 is always a designation ( ! gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s2 comp>e #a ,sam4 x4 #a1 xvi4 #ac1 #ad1 & rem>ks on ,dan4 ix4 #bd4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! ano9t+ is id5tical ) ! be/[al ( ! ,_s1 ! words3 because ! ,"l ha? ano9t$ me mu/ n be isolat$1 b mu/ be und]/ood 9 close connection ) ! subsequ5t words2 s t ! s5se is3 ,& ,he ha?1 = ?is reason1 end[$ me ) ,8 ,_s1 9 ord] t ,i may prea* good tid+s1 c4 ,! ,hebrew3 envi,m are ! ,greek3 praeis 9 ,matt4 v4 #e2 ,hebrew3 eni & ,hebrew3 env are nev] conf\nd$ ) "o ano!r4 ,! ,,lxx41 :om ,luke foll[s1 h ,greek3 pt*ois4 ,?is r5d]+ does n diff] s mu* f ! orig9al text z to make x appe> exp$i5t to give up ! v]sion at t "t receiv$4 ,9 ! _w ( s91 ! meek are1 at ! same "t1 ^? :o are suff]+2 & ! glad tid+s :i* imply a contra/ to _! mis]y1 %[ t1 "h especially1 ! meek are to be conceiv$ ( z suff]]s4 ,! ,hebrew3 envi,m1 9 contra/ to ! wick$1 appe>1 9 *ap4 xi4 also1 z ! p ( ! ,messiah4--,! b9d+ up--,/i] rem>ks--already passes ov] into ! actual be/[al ( t :i* is ann\nc$4 ,! t]m ,hebrew3 qra drvr is tak5 f ! ,jubilee ye>1 :i* 0 a ye> ( g5]al deliv]ance = all ^? :o1 on acc\nt ( debts1 _h become slaves2 comp>e ,lev4 xxv4 #aj3 ,& ye %all hall[ ! fiftie? ye>1 & proclaim lib]ty ?r\gh\t ! l& = all ! inhabitants !re(2 x %all be a jubilee ye> unto y1 & ye ,pg #cec %all return e man unto 8 possession1 & ye %all return e man unto 8 family4 ,su* a great ye> ( lib]ty is bo? to be proclaim$ & to be br\ght ab\t by ! ,s]vant ( ,god4 ,= ,he does n ann\nce any ?+ :i* ,he does n1 at ! same "t1 grant1 z is cle>ly %[n by v]4 #c4 ,8 say+ is bas$ ^u ,8 be+ & nature2 ,he deliv]s f ! s]vice ( ! _w1 & br+s into ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god4--,mo/ ( ! mod]n int]pret]s agree ) ! anci5t v]sions 9 decl>+ x to be wrong to divide ! ^w ,hebrew3 pq,hqv,h1 al?\gh ?is writ+ is f\nd 9 mo/ ( ! manuscripts4 ,! ^w is1 by its =m ( r$uplication1 ! mo/ emphatic t]m = ! mo/ complete op5+1 & designates1 op5+1 unclos+ ( e k9d1 ( ! eyes1 e>s1 & he>t1 ( e b>ri] & tie f )91 or f )\t4 ,! ,,lxx41 proce$+ ^u ! fact t ,hebrew3 pq,h occurs1 ) especial frequ5cy1 ( ! op5+ ( ! eyes1 translate3 ,greek3 kai tuphlois anableps94 ,luke does n wi% to set aside ?is v]sion1 because x gives "o feature ( ! s5se2 & p>tly also because ( ! close resemblance to ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 xlii4 #g1 :i*1 9 ?is way1 0 br\ght 9 & connect$ ) ! passage "u consid]ation4 ,b s9ce outw>d deliv]ance & r$emption are1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to be ?\ght (1 :5 op5+ to ! captives is spok5 (1 be1 9 ord] to complete ! s5se1 adds3 ,greek3 apo/eilai te?rausm5\s en aphesei1 borr[+ ! expression f ! ,alex&4 ,v]s4 itself 9 *ap4 lviii4 #f4 ,v]4 #b4 ,to proclaim a ye> ( acceptance to ! ,"l1 & a day ( v5geance to our ,god1 to com=t all t m\rn4 ,a ye> 444 to ! ,"l is a ye> :5 ! ,"l %[s himself graci\s & m]ciful to ,8 p2 comp>e *ap4 xlix4 #h4 ,! words f>!r /ill allude to ! ,jubilee ye>2 & x is 9 consequ5ce ( ?is allusion1 t we c acc\nt = its be+ a ye> in/ead ( a "t1 indef9itely4 ,9 t ye>1 a complete re/itutio 9 integrum took place4 ,x 01 = all 9 mis]y1 a ye> ( m]cy1 a type ( ! times ( refre%+ 7,acts iii4 #ai7 :i* ! ,"l grants to ,8 ,*ur*1 aft] x has be5 ex]cis$ by ! ,cross4 ,h& 9 h& ) ! ye> ( m]cy goes ! day ( v5geance4 ,:5 ! ,"l %[s m]cy to ! meek1 & to !m t m\rn1 ?is %all1 at ! same "t1 be accompani$ by a manife/ation ( ang] ,pg #ced aga9/ ! enemies ( ,god1 & ( ,8 ,*ur*4 ,! "o _c be ?\ght ( )\t ! o!r4 ,! m]cy ( ! ,"l t[>ds ,8 p is1 among o!r ?+s also1 manife/$ 9 ,8 sitt+ 9 judgm5t ^u ,8 & _! enemies1 ^u ! pr\d _w :i* afflicts & oppresses !m4 ,x is only 9 ?is respect t ! v5geance "h comes into consid]ation2 & x is = ?is reason also1 t ! fir/ feature at once reappe>s 9 ! ?ird v]se4 ,! ,"l1 9 quot+ ! v]se1 limits himself to ! fir/ clause1 ,8 fir/ com+ into ! _w 0 9 ! =m ( meekness1 &1 !re=e1 9 ! meantime1 ! bright side only is br\ght out4 ,v]4 #c4 ,to put ^u !m t m\rn 9 ,zion1--to give !m a cr[n = a%es1 oil ( joy = m\rn+1 g>m5t ( praise = a _s ( heav9ess2 & !y %all be call$ t]eb9?s ( righte\sness1 plant+ ( ! ,"l = glorify+4 ,x is 9 ?is v]se t x comes cle>ly out1 t ! speak] is n m]ely to ann\nce ! m]cy ( ,god1 b1 at ! same "t1 to be/[ x2 t ! ann\ncem5t is n an empty "o1 b "o :i* br+s along ) x t :i* is promis$2 t x is n a ,prophet or ,evangeli/ :o speaks1 b ! ,savi\r4 ,su* a *ange _c be effect$ by m]ely ann\nc+ x4 ,ev]y:]e1 9 ! second "p1 x is br\ght ab\t1 n by words1 b by de$s4 ,h[ 7 x possible t by m]e words1 z long z ! reality /ood 9 gl>+ contra/ to !m1 ! believ]s c\ld become t]eb9?s ( righte\sness1 a glori\s plant+ ( ! ,"l8--,! connection ( ! two v]bs ,hebrew3 wv,m & ,hebrew3 nt,n is to be acc\nt$ = f ! circum/ance1 t ! pron\n suit$ ! fir/ n\n only--! ornam5t = ! head4 ,x is only :5 ,hebrew3 wv,m is und]/ood 9 ! s5se1 to put ^u1 or1 to put on1 t !re is a suffici5t reason = add+ ,hebrew3 nt,n2 b t is n ! case :5 x is tak5 9 ! signification to grant1 to appo9t4 ,hebrew3 p> cr[n1 & ,hebrew3 apr a%es1 are connect$ ) "o ano!r1 because m\rn]s 7 accu/om$ to /rew a%es on _! heads4 ,! expression oil ( joy1 :i* is to be expla9$ f ! cu/om ( p ano9t+ !mselves ) oil 9 cases ( joy1 is tak5 f ,ps4 xlv4 #h4 ,z ! ,messiah !re appe>s z ! possessor ( ! oil ( joy1 s1 "h1 ,he appe>s z ! be/[]4 ,9 *ap4 lv4 #c1 !re is ,pg #cee likewise an allusion to ,ps4 xlv41 & along ) x1 to ,ps4 xxii4 ,! _s ( heav9ess ref]s to *ap4 xlii4 #c4 ,! fact t1 in/ead ( x1 !y receive g>m5ts ( praise1 intimates t !y %all be altoge!r clo!d ) praise1 songs ( praise = ! div9e goodness :i* manife/$ itself 9 !m2 on ! g>m5ts z symbols ( ! condition1 comp>e rem>ks on ,rev4 vii4 #ad4 ,! righte\sness :i* is appropriate to ! spiritual t]eb9?s1 is ! actual ju/ification1 :i* ! ,"l grants to ,8 p at ! appe>ance ( ! ,messiah4 ,!re is 9 x an allusion to ! plant+ ( p>adise2 ,god n[ prep>es = himself a new p>adisaical plantation1 consi/+ ( liv+ trees4 ,pg #cef ,,! ,,prophet ,,zephaniah4 ,by ! inscription1 ! ,prophet's orig9 is1 9 a way r uncommon1 trac$ back to 8 f\r? ance/or1 ,hezekiah1--no d\bt ! k+4 ,he appe>$ z a prophet "u ! reign ( ,josiah--be=e ! "t1 h[ev]1 at :i* ! re=ms ( t k+ _h atta9$ _! completion1 :i* took place 9 ! #ah? ye> ( 8 reign--&1 h5ce1 prophesi$1 l 8 pr$ecessor ,habakkuk1 9 ! view ( ! ,*aldean cata/rophe4 ,! prophecy beg9s ) ?reat5+ judgm5t ^u ! s9n]s1 & closes ) ann\nc+ salvation to ! believ]s1--a circum/ance :i* proves t x =ms "o :ole4 ,! ?reat5+ is di/+ui%$ f t ( ,habakkuk by ! circum/ance1 t x has m ( a g5]al compreh5sive "*1 & does n1 z is done 9 ,habakkuk1 view ! ,*aldean cata/rophe z a p>ticul> hi/orical ev5t4 ,x is n an incid5tal circum/ance1 t ! ,*aldeans are n expressly m5tion$ by ,zephaniah1 z is done by ,habakkuk1 & 0 done by ,isaiah4 ,! ,prophet c1 !re=e1 h _h !m 9 view z be+1 9 ! fir/ in/ance only1 ! in/rum5ts ( ,div9e puni%m5t4 ,! prophecy beg9s1 9 *ap4 i4 #b1 #c1 ) ann\nc+ ! judgm5t imp5d+ ov] ! :ole _w4 ,!n1 ! ,prophet %[s h[ x manife/s itself 9 ,judah2 fir/1 9 g5]al outl9es1 v]s4 #d-g2 !n1 9 detail1 v]s4 #h-ah4 ,9 close connection1 ?is is foll[$ by a call to rep5t1 9 *ap4 ii4 #a-c4 ,?is call is f\nd$ on ! fe>ful "* ( ! imp5d+ judgm5t :i*1 accord+ to v]s4 #d-ae1 w be inflict$ n only ^u ,judah1 b also ^u ! _w1 & w especially br+ de/ruction ^u all ! neighb\r+ nations3 9 ! ,pg #ceg ,we/1 ^u ! ,phili/9es2 9 ! ,ea/1 ^u ,ammon & ,moab2 9 ! ,s\?1 on ,cu%2 9 ! ,nor?1 ^u ,n9eveh1 ^u ^: de/ruction ! ,prophet especially dwells1 s9ce1 up to t "t1 x _h be5 ! be>] ( ! _w's p[]4 ,9 *ap4 iii41 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! ?reat5+ aga9/ ,judah is resum$4 ,apo/ate ,j]usalem1 corrupt 9 its head & memb]s1 irresi/ibly ha/5s on t[>ds judgm5t4 ,b1 not)/&+1 ! afflict$ & poor p ( ! l& %all n despair4 ,on ! contr>y1 z salvation _c proce$ f ! mid/ ( ! p1 !y are to put _! tru/ 9 ! ,"l4 ,by ,8 judgm5ts 7viz41 ^? decl>$ 9 *ap4 ii41 :i* at la/ %all br+ =? ! peaceable fruits ( righte\sness1 comp>e ,isa4 xxvi4 #i3 ,= :5 ?y judgm5ts are 9 ! e>?1 ! inhabitants ( ! _w le>n righte\sness7 w ,he break ! pride ( ! ,g5tile _w1 & br+ ab\t _! conv]sion1--& ! conv]t$ ,g5tile _w w br+ back to ,j]usalem ! scatt]$ ,congregation4 ,be+ purifi$ & ju/ifi$1 x w !n enjoy ! full m]cy ( ! ,"l4 ,! pr9cipal passage is *ap4 iii4 #h-ac4 ,v]4 #h4 ,!re=e wait ye ^u me1 sai? ! ,"l1 until ! day t ,i rise up to ! prey2 = my "r is 7i4e41 ! ex]cise ( my "r consi/s 9 ?is7 to ga!r ! nations1 & to assemble ! k+doms1 to p\r out ^u !m m9e indignation1 all ! heat ( m9e ang]2 = all ! e>? %all be dev\r$ by ! fire ( my jeal\sy4 ,v]4 #i4 ,= !n w ,i turn unto ! nations a clean lip1 t !y may all call ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l1 to s]ve ,him ) "o %\ld]4 ,v]4 #aj4 ,f beyond ! riv]s ( ,e?iopia %all !y br+ my suppliants1 ! daught] ( my disp]s$ = a meat-(f]+ to me4 ,v]4 #aa4 ,9 t day %all ?\ n be a%am$ = all ?y do+s :]e9 ?\ ha/ transgress$ aga9/ me2 = !n w ,i take away out ( ! mid/ ( !e !m t pr\dly rejoice 9 !e1 & ?\ %all no m be haughty on m9e holy m\nta94 ,v]4 #ab4 ,& ,i leave 9 ! mid/ ( !e an afflict$ & poor p1 & !y tru/ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4 ,v]4 #ac4 ,! remnant ( ,israel %all n d iniquity nor speak lies2 nei!r %all a deceitful tongue be f\nd 9 _! m\?2 = !y %all fe$ & lie d[n1 & none %all make !m afraid4 ,pg #ceh ,zephaniah1 :o op5s ! s]ies ( ! prophets :o are preem95tly dep5d5t ^u o!r prophets1 j z ,habakkuk closes ! s]ies ( ^? pre-em95tly indep5d5t1 leans1 9 ?is section1 *iefly ^u ,isaiah2 & x is f ?is circum/ance t x appe>s1 t ! p]son ( ! ,messiah1 al?\gh n appe>+ "h1 /&s 9 ! backgr\nd & =ms ! invisible c5tre4 ,!re=e v]4 #h3 ,s9ce ! salvation _c proce$ f ! mid/ ( ! p1 inasmu* z1 9 ! way ( _! works1 !y receive no?+ b de/ructive puni%m5t4 ,on ! words3 ,wait ye ^u me1 comp>e ,hab4 ii4 #c4 ,! day t ! ,"l rises up to ! prey is ! "t :5 ,he w beg9 ,8 great triumphal m>* aga9/ ! ,g5tile _w4 ,) ! words3 ,= my "r1 c41 a new argum5t = ! call ,wait ye ^u me1 comm5ces4 ,b ?is does n by any means close ) ! #h? v]se1 b goes on to ! end ( v]4 #aj4 ,fir/3 ,wait1 = ,i w judge ! nations4 ,x is n )\t mean+ t1 z reg>ds y\r hope1 ,i ref] y to ! judgm5t ^u ! ,g5tiles2 =1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is judgm5t1 _! conv]sion w take place1 & a consequ5ce ( _! conv]sion is1 t !y br+ back to ,zion h] scatt]$ memb]s4 ,9 ! ?\ght1 t ! judgm5ts ^u ! ,g5tile _w w break _! h>dness ( he>t1 & prep>e !m = _! conv]sion1 ,zephaniah foll[s ,isaiah1 :o1 e4g4 9 *ap4 xix41 exemplifies x 9 ! case ( ,egypt1 & 9 *ap4 xxiii4 9 t ( ,tyre4 ,! bruis$ re$ & ! fa9tly burn+ wick is n m]ely a designation ( ! s+le individuals :o h be5 end[$ ) ! "r disposition = ! k+dom ( ,god1 b ( :ole nations4 ,! clean lip 9 v]4 #i =ms ! contra/ to ! unclean lips 9 ,is4 vi4 ,) unclean lips !y _h1 9 ! "t ( ! long-suff]+ ( ,god1 invok$ _! idols1 ,ps4 xvi4 #d4 ,on ! words3 ,to s]ve ,him ) "o %\ld]1 comp4 ,is4 xix4 #bc3 ,& ,egypt s]ves ) ,as%ur4 ,! words3 ,f beyond ! riv]s ( ,e?iopia1 9 v]4 #aj1 re/ on ,is4 xviii4 #a4 ,9 bo? ( ! passages1 ,e?iopia is ! type ( ! :ole ,g5tile _w to be conv]t$ 9 future4 ,9 ,is4 xviii4 ,e?iopia (f]s itself & all :i* x has to ! ,"l2 "h x br+s ! scatt]$ memb]s ( ! community ( ! ,israeliti% p to ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,hebrew3 etr always means to supplicate1 ,pg #cei nev] to burn inc5se4 ,ezek4 viii4 #aa mu/ ?us be translat$3 ,e man1 8 c5s] 9 8 h&1 & ! supplication ( ! cl\d ( inc5se w5t up2 comp>e rem>ks on ,rev4 v4 #h4 ,! disp]s$ memb]s ( ! ,*ur* supplicate t ! ,"l w\ld aga9 receive !m into ,8 communion 7comp>e ,hos4 xiv4 #c2 ,j]4 xxxi4 #i1 #ah2 ,ze*4 xii4 #aj72 & ^! supplications _c rema9 )\t an answ]1 s9ce !y f :om !y proce$ /& 9 a close relation to ! ,"l4 ,! daught] ( my disp]s$ is ! daught] or communion1 consi/+ ( ! disp]s$ ( ! ,"l1 j z 9 ! phrase ! daught] ( ! ,*aldeans1 ! ,*aldeans !mselves are ! daught] or virg94 ,! designation1 9 itself1 pla9ly sugge/s ! disp]s$ memb]s ( ! old ,congregation1 inasmu* z !y only c be designat$ z ! disp]s$ ( ! ,"l4 ,to ?is1 moreov]1 mu/ be add$ ! ref]5ce to ,deut4 iv4 #bg3 ,& ! ,"l disp]ses y among ! nations2 xxviii4 #fd3 ,& ! ,"l disp]ses !e among all ! nations f ! "o end ( ! e>? ev5 unto ! o!r1--an ann\ncem5t :i*1 at ! "t ( ,zephaniah1 _h already be5 fulfill$ ^u ! t5 tribes1 & ! fulfilm5t ( :i* 0 soon to comm5ce ^u ,judah4 ,x is only :5 ! memb]s ( ! old ,congregation are und]/ood by ! suppliants & disp]s$1 t ! call1 ,wait ye ^u me is "h e/abli%$ & confirm$4 ,! (f]+ ( ! meat-(f]+ signifies1 9 ! symbolism ( ! ,mosaic law1 dilig5ce 9 good works1 su* z is to be peculi> to ! r$eem$4 ,a s+le manife/ation ( x is ! mission>y zeal :i* is "h %[n by ! conv]t$ ,g5tiles4 ,9 h>mony ) ! ,song ( ,solomon1 ,isaiah ann\nces 9 sev]al passages1 t ! conv]t$ ,g5tiles %all1 at "s future p]iod1 lab\r = ! re/oration ( ,israel2 comp>e ! rem>ks on ,is4 xi4 #ab4 ,zephaniah "h specially ref]s to ! rem>kable passage1 ,is4 lxvi4 #ah-ba1 :i* we mu/ "h subject to a some:at clos] exam9ation3 ,v]4 #ah4 ,& ,i 444 _! works & _! ?\ghts2 ! "t come? to ga!r all ,g5tiles & tongues1 & !y come & see my glory4 ,! fir/ hemi/i* /ill belongs to ! ?reat5+4 ,! holy ,god & unholy m51 ! unholy memb]s ( ! ,*ur* to :i* ! ,"l spake3 ,ye %all be holy1 = ,i am holy1 & _! s9ful ?\ghts & words are simply plac$ beside "o ano!r1 ,pg #cfj o!r1 & x is left to e "o to draw f x ! inf]5ce z to ! fate await+ !m4 ,i & _! works--:at an imm5se contra/1 a contra/ :i* mu/ be adju/$ by ! judgm5t6 ,) ! ?reat5+1 ! ,prophet !n connects1 by a suitable contra/ to ! rejection ( a great "p ( ! cov5ant-p1 ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,! glory ( ! ,"l1 :i* ! ,g5tiles see1 is ,8 glory :i*1 up to t "t1 0 conceal$1 b is n[ manife/$2 comp>e ,is4 xl4 #e1 lx4 #b1 lii4 #aj1 liii4 #a4 ,v]4 #ai4 ,& ,i set a sign among !m1 & s5d f among !m escap$ ones unto ! nations1 to ,t>%i%1 c41 to ! isles af> (f t h n he>d my fame1 nei!r h se5 my glory1 & !y decl>e my glory among ! ,g5tiles1--,! suffix 9 ,hebrew3 bh,m c ref] to ^? only f among ! nations & tongues :o h come & se5 ! glory ( ,god4 ,!y are s5t out to br+ ! message ( ! liv+ ,god1 ! message ( salvation to ^? also :o hi!rto h n come4 ,by ! demon/ration ( ! ,_s & p[]1 !y are m>k$ out z bless$ ( ! ,"l1 z ,8 s]vants1 sep>at$ f ! _w giv5 up to de/ruction4 ,j z ! wick$1 ! s]vants ( ! pr9ce ( ?is _w1 h _! m>k1 ,g54 iv4 #ej1 s h ! s]vants ( ,god !irs also1 :i* may be recognis$ by all :o are well dispos$4 ,x is only by "o's own fault1 & at "o's own risk1 t ! sign is n und]/ood4 ,! fact t unto ! nations =ms ! beg9n+1 & ! isles af> (f--isles 9 ! sea ( ! _w1 k+doms--! close1 %[s t ! s+le names1 ,t>%i%1 c41 are only individualizations4 ,9 ! foll[+ v]se1 too1 all ! hea!ns are spok5 ( ,v]4 #bj3 ,& !y br+1 out ( all nations1 y\r bre?r5 = a meat-(f]+ unto ! ,"l1 ^u horses1 c41 to my holy m\nta9 to ,j]usalem1 z ! *ildr5 ( ,israel br+ ! meat-(f]+ 9 a clean vessel unto ! h\se ( ! ,"l4 ,x is 9 ?is v]se t x cle>ly appe>s1 t ,zephaniah dep5ds ^u x2 & x is by ! (f]+ ( ! spiritual meat-(f]+ t 8 dep5d5ce is recogniz$4 ,! subject 9 !y br+ is ! ,g5tiles1 to :om ! message ( salvation has be5 br\ght4 ,!y1 hav+ !mselves atta9$ salvation1 (f] to ! ,"l1 z a meat-(f]+1 ! =m] memb]s ( ,8 ,k+dom :o 7 sep>at$ f x4 ,x is !y1 n ! ,g5tiles :o h become believ]s1 :o 9 ! second ,pg #cfa "p ( ,isaiah1 are ?r\gh\t designat$ z ! bre?r54 ,salvation is fir/ to pass f ,israel to ! ,g5tiles1 & %all !n1 f !m1 return to ,israel4 ,! two v]ses be=e u ?us conta9 a sanction = ! mission among ! hea!ns & among ,israel4 ,v]s4 #ah & #ai divide ! conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles into two ma9 /ations2 x is only :5 ! ,*ur* has arriv$ at ! second1 t ! mission>y "w among ,israel w fully ?rive & prosp]4 ,to ! clean vessel 9 :i* ! outw>d sacrifice 0 (f]$1 correspond ! fai? & love ) :i* !y1 :o 7 =m]ly hea!ns1 (f] ! spiritual meat-(f]+4 ,v]4 #ba3 ,& ( !m also w ,i take = ,levitical prie/s1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,( !m1 i4e41 ( ^? :o =m]ly 7 hea!ns2 = x is to !m t1 9 ! words prec$+1 a prie/ly function1 viz41 ! (f]+ ( ! meat-(f]+1 is assign$4 ,( !m also2 n m]ely f among ! old cov5ant-p1 to :om1 "u ! =m] disp5sation1 ! prie/ly (fice 0 limit$4 ,! fact t ! prie/s are designat$ z ,levitical prie/s1 is int5d$ to keep out ! ?\ght t ! po9t 9 "q relat$ only to prie/s 9 a l[] s5se1 beside :om ! ,levitical prie/hood1 atta*$ to natural desc5t1 w\ld cont9ue to exi/ 9 full vig\r4 ,prie/s ) full dignities & rights are "h s mu* ! m requir$1 t1 accord+ to :at prec$es1 ! po9t 9 "q does n ref] m]ely to a p]sonal relation to ! ,"l1 to imm$iate access to ! ?rone ( grace1 b to ! prie/ly (fice prop]4 ,v]s4 #aa-ac describe ! int]nal condition ( ! r$eem$ ,*ur* ( ! future1--a condition s diff]5t f ! pres5t "o4 ,! expression1 !y t pr\dly rejoice 9 !m1 is f ,is4 xiii4 #c4 ,hebrew3 ki 9 v]4 #ac is to be acc\nt$ = f ! fact1 t :]ev] !re exi/s ! bless+ promis$ by ! ,law ( ,god 7,lev4 xxvi4 #f7 to fai?fulness1 fai?fulness itself mu/ exi/4 ,9 v]4 #ad ff41 ! ,j]usalem ( ! future is address$2 comp>e ! expression1 at t "t1 v]4 #bj4 ,pg #cfb ,,! ,,prophet ,,j]emiah4 ,,g5]al ,,prelim9>y ,,rem>ks4 ,9 ,mala*i iii4 #a1 ! ,"l promises t ,he w\ld s5d ,8 mess5g] :o %\ld prep>e ! way be=e ,him1 :o 0 to come to ,8 temple1 judg+ & puni%+2 v]s4 #bc1 #bd 7iv4 #e1 #f73 t be=e ! com+ ( ,8 great & dreadful day1 be=e ,he smites ! l& ) a curse1 ,he w\ld s5d ano!r ,elijah1 :o %\ld br+ back ! he>t ( ! fa!rs to ! *ildr51 & ! he>t ( ! *ildr5 to _! fa!rs4 ,ev5 be=e ?is prophecy 0 express$ 9 words1 x _h actually be5 giv5 9 ! exi/5ce ( ,j]emiah1 :o1 dur+ ! :ole long p]iod ( =ty-"o ye>s1 be=e ! de/ruction1 ann\nc$ ! judgm5ts ( ! ,"l1--:o1 ) burn+ zeal & ard5t love to ! p1 prea*$ rep5tance1--& :o1 ev5 aft] ! de/ruction1 s\ght ! small remnant t _h be5 left1 & 0 anxi\s to secure x aga9/ ! new day ( ! ,"l1 :i*1 by its ob/9ate imp5it5ce1 x 0 draw+ d[n ^u itself4 ,x is ?is typical relation ( ,j]emiah to ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,*ri/1 ( :i* ! ,jewi% tradition _h an anticipation1 al?\gh x misund]/ood & express$ x 9 a gross1 outw>d mann]1 by tea*+ t1 at ! end ( days1 ,j]emiah w\ld aga9 appe> on e>?1--x is ?is1 :i* inve/s ) a peculi> *>m ! contemplation ( 8 m9i/ry1 & ! /udy ( 8 prophecies4 ,! "n ( ! ,prophet is to be expla9$ f ,exod4 xv4 #a1 f :i* x is probably tak54 ,x signifies ,! ,"l ?r[s4 ,he :o bore x 0 consecrat$ to t ,god :o ) an almighty h& ?r[s to ! gr\nd all ,8 enemies4 ,f *ap4 i4 #aj3 ,see1 ,i set !e to-day ov] ! nations ,pg #cfc & ov] ! k+doms1 to root out & to pull d[n1 to de/roy & to ?r[ d[n1 to build & to plant1 x appe>s t x 0 by a disp5sation ( div9e provid5ce1 t ! ,prophet bore ?is "n ) full "r1 & t ! "* ( 8 mission is !reby designat$4 ,! judg+ & de/ructive activity :i* ! ,prophet1 z an in/rum5t ( ,god1 is to ex]cise1 is "h n only plac$ at ! comm5cem5t1 b f\r appellations are also devot$ to x1 :il/ only two are devot$ to 8 heal+ & plant+ activity4 ,z ! object ( ! ?r[+1 we h to conceive1 n ( ! unfai?ful cov5ant-p only4 ,?is appe>s f ! m5tion ( ! nations & k+doms "h1 & f>!r1 f v]4 #ad1 :]e ! ,"l says to ! ,prophet3 ,out ( ! ,nor? ! evil breaks =? ^u all ! inhabitants ( ! e>?4 ,to be ! h]ald ( ! judgm5t to be execut$ ^u ! :ole _w by ! ,*aldeans1 0 s mu* ! de/9y ( ! ,prophet1 t1 9 *ap4 i4 #c1 ! elev5? ye> ( ,z$ekiah1 9 :i* ?is judgm5t 0 br\ght to a close1 z f> z ,judah 0 conc]n$1 is m5tion$ z ! clos+ po9t ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,! ,prophet1 z is report$ by ! book itself1 /ill cont9u$ 8 m9i/ry ev5 among ! remnant ( ! p2 b t is lo/ sight ( ,! c>ry+ away ( ,j]usalem is treat$ z ! great clos+ po9t2 j z1 9 a mann] altoge!r simil>1 x is1 9 ! case ( ,daniel1 9 *ap4 i4 #ba1 ! ye> ( ,israel's deliv]ance1 al?\gh1 accord+ to *ap4 x4 #a1 8 prophetic m9i/ry ext5d$ beyond t p]iod4 ,j]emiah 0 call$ to 8 (fice :5 /ill a y\?1 9 ! #ac? ye> ( k+ ,josiah1 & h5ce "o ye> aft] ! fir/ re=mation ( ?is k+1 :o1 z e>ly z 9 ! #af? ye> ( 8 life1 & ! #h? ( 8 reign1 :i* la/$ #ca ye>s1 began to seek ! ,"l4 ,a k+ su* z he1 unto :om no k+ be=e him 0 l1 :o turn$ to ! ,"l ) all 8 he>t1 & ) all 8 s\l1 & ) all 8 might1 7#b ,k+s xxiii4 #be71 9 ! mid/ ( an evil & adult]\s g5]ation1 is a rem>kable ph5om5on1 z little conceivable f natural causes z ! exi/5ce ( ,mel*iz$ec )\t fa!r1 )\t desc5t--isolat$ f all natural developm5t--9 ! mid/ ( ! ,canaanites :o1 ) rapid /rides & irresi/ibly1 ha/5$ on to ! completion ( _! s94 ,8 exi/5ce has ! same root z t ( ,j]emiah1--a fact :i* becomes ! ,pg #cfd m evid5t :5 we take into consid]ation ! connection ( ! ,regal & ,prophetical (fices 9 ,*ri/ = ! salvation ( ! p ha/5+ anew to its de/ruction1 & ! fai?fulness ( ! ,cov5ant-,god1 & ,8 long-suff]+ :i* makes e ef=t to lead ! apo/ate *ildr5 to rep5tance4 ,! zeal ( bo?1 ( ,josiah & ,j]emiah1--al?\gh support$ by manifold assi/ance f o!r qu>t]s1 z e4g4 by ! prophetess ,huldah & ! prophet ,zephaniah--0 unable to /em ! tide ( prevail+ corruption1 &1 h5ce1 to /op ! tide ( ! div9e judgm5ts4 ,! corruption 0 s deeply root$1 t only s+le individuals c\ld be sav$1 l br&s f ! burn+4 ,x _h made fe>ful progress "u ! protract$ reign ( ,manasseh1 ^: disposition mu/ be reg>d$ z a product ( ! _s ( ! "t !n prevail+1 ( :i* he mu/ n be consid]$ z ! creator1 b z ! repres5tative only1 #b ,k+s xxiii4 #bf1 #bg1 xxiv4 #c1 #d4 ,! scanty fruits ( 8 late conv]sion _h be5 aga9 entirely consum$ "u ! %ort reign ( 8 wick$ son ,amon2 x _h inde$ s little ( a compreh5sive or la/+ influ5ce1 t ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,k+s ?\ght himself entitl$ altoge!r to pass x ov]4 ,x 0 ev5 difficult to put limits to outw>d idolatry2 & h[ imp]fectly he succe$$ 9 ?is1 is se5 f ! prophecies ( ,j]emiah utt]$ aft] ! re=mation4 ,& ev5 :]e he 0 successful 9 8 ef=ts2 ev5 :]e an emotion 0 manife/$1 a wi% to return to ! liv+ f\nta9 :i* !y _h =sak51 ev5 !re1 ! corruption soon broke =? aga91 only 9 a diff]5t =m4 ,) deep grief1 ,j]emiah reprov+ly rem9ds ! p ( ?is1 ^: righte\sness 0 l ! morn+ dew1 9 *ap4 iii4 #d1 #e3 ,ha/ ?\ n b lately call$ me3 ,my ,fa!r1 fri5d ( my y\?1 ?\8 ,w ,he res]ve ,8 ang] = ev]1 w ,he keep x to ! end8 ,behold1 ?us ?\ spake/1 & soon ?\ did/ ! evil1 did/ accompli%--an accompli%m5t q diff]5t f t ( ! ance/or4 ,g54 xxxii4 #bi4 ,s9ce ! disease _h n be5 heal$1 b _h only be5 driv5 out f "o "p ( ! diseas$ organism1 ! fooli% incl9ation to idolatry 0 foll[$ by z fooli% a confid5ce 9 ! mis]able righte\sness by works1 9 ! div9e election1--! (f]+ up ( sacrifices1 c41 be+ consid]$ z ! sole condition ( its validity4 ,tru/ ye n 9 ly+ words--s ,pg #cfe ! ,prophet is oblig$ to admoni% !m 9 *ap4 vii4 #d--say+1 ,! temple ( ! ,"l1 ! temple ( ! ,"l1 ! temple ( ! ,"l are !y 7! p imag9$ t !y c\ld n be de/roy$1 because ! ,"l _h1 accord+ to _! op9ion1 = ev] e/abli%$ ,8 resid5ce among !m2 comp>e #a ,cor4 iii4 #ag2 #a ,tim4 iii4 #ae74 ,?\ saye/1 ,i am innoc5t2 ,8 ang] ha? entirely turn$ f me2 behold ,i plead ) !e1 because ?\ saye/3 ,i h n s9n$1 *ap4 ii4 #ce4 ,to :at purpose %all !re come = me inc5se f ,%eba1 & sweet cane1 ! goodly1 f a f> c\ntry8 ,y\r burnt-(f]+s are n acceptable1 nor y\r sacrifices pleasant unto me1 *ap4 vi4 #bj4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,josiah's reign1 ! approa*+ judgm5t ( ,god ^u ,judah became m p]ceptible4 ,! =m] ,asiatic dom9ion ( ! ,assyrians pass$ ov] entirely to ! ,*aldeans1 ^: fre% & y\?ful /r5g? s mu* ! m ?reat5$ ,judah ) de/ruction1 t f ! ,assyrians !y _h inh]it$ ! enmity to ,egypt1 on acc\nt ( :i* ,judah obta9$ great importance 9 _! eyes4 ,accord+ to ! ann\ncem5t ( ! prophets g5]ally1 & ( ,j]emiah especially1 :o1 at 8 v vocation1 _h x assign$ to him z 8 ma9 task to ann\nce ! calamity f ! ,nor?1 x 0 by ! ,*aldeans t ! deadly /roke %\ld be inflict$ ^u ! p implicat$ 9 ! conflicts ( ^! ho/ile p[]s2 b x 0 ! ,egyptians :o inflict$ ^u !m ! fir/ sev]e w\nd4 ,josiah fell 9 ! battle ) ,ph>aoh ,ne*o4 ,! p1 consci\s ( guilt1 71 by 8 dea?1 fill$ ) a fe>ful expectation ( ! ?+s t 7 to come4 ,!y _h =ebod+s t !y 7 n[ /&+ at ! b\nd>y l9e :]e grace & ang] sep>ate 7comp>e rem>ks on ,ze*4 xii4 #aa72 & ^! =ebod+s 7 soon conv]t$ into bitt] c]ta9ty by exp]i5ce4 ,jehoiakim asc5d$ ! ?rone1 aft] ,jehoahaz or ,%all um1 _h1 aft] a %ort reign1 be5 c>ri$ away by ! ,egyptians4 ,he /ood to 8 fa!r ,josiah 9 j ! same relation z did ! p to ,god1 9 ref]5ce to ! m]cy :i* ,he _h (f]$ to !m 9 ,josiah4 ,a m gl>+ contra/ 7see its exhibition 9 *ap4 xxii47 c h>dly be imag9$4 ,?r\gh\t1 ,jehoiakim %[s himself to be entirely de/itute n only ( love to ,god1 b also ( ! fe> ( ,god2 he furni%es ! complete image ( a k+ :om ,god _h giv5 9 ang]4 ,he ,pg #cff is a blood-?ir/y tyrant1 an exasp]at$ enemy to tru?4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 reign1 "s influ5ce ( ,josiah's _s is /ill se54 ,! prie/s & false prophets1 rightly und]/&+ ! signs ( ! "t1 came =w>d ) ! manife/ation ( _! long re/ra9$ hatr$ aga9/ ,j]emiah1 9 :om !y hate _! own consci5ce4 ,!y br+ aga9/ him a *>ge ( life & dea?1 because he _h prophesi$ de/ruction to ! city & temple2 b ! rul]s ( ! p acquit him1 *ap4 xxvi4 ,?is influ5ce1 h[ev]1 soon ceas$4 ,! k+ became ! c5tre ar\nd :om ga!r$ all t 0 ungodly1 :i*1 "u ,josiah1 _h timor\sly )drawn into concealm5t4 ,soon x became a p[]1 a torr5t ov]fl[+ ! :ole c\ntry2 & t ! m easily1 ! weak] 7 ! dams :i* /ill exi/$ f ! "t ( ,josiah4 ,"o ( ! fir/ victims = tru? :o fell1 0 ! prophet ,urijah4 ,! k+1 imag9+ t he 0 able to kill tru? itself 9 ^? :o proclaim$ x1 c\ld n be> ! ?\ght t he 0 /ill liv+1 al?\gh x 0 9 di/ant ,egypt1 & caus$ him to be br\ght !nce 7see l4 c74 ,! fact t ,j]emiah escap$ e dang] ( dea? dur+ ! elev5 ye>s ( ?is k+'s reign1 al?\gh he ev] anew ?reat5$ dea? to ! k+ & de/ruction to ! p1 0 a con/ant miracle1 a glori\s fulfilm5t ( ! div9e promise giv5 to him :5 he 0 call$ 7i4 #ai73 ,!y %all fight aga9/ !e1 & !y %all n prevail aga9/ !e2 = ,i am ) !e1 sai? ! ,"l1 to deliv] !e4 ,! ?reat5$ div9e puni%m5t advanc$1 "u ,jehoiakim1 sev]al /eps t[>ds its completion4 ,9 ! f\r? ye> ( 8 reign1 ,j]usalem 01 = ! fir/ "t1 tak5 by ! ,*aldeans 7comp>e ,diss]tations on ! ,g5u95ess ( ,daniel1 p4 #de ff471 aft] ! p[] ( ! ,egyptian ,empire _h be5 = ev] brok5 by ! battle at ,c>*emi% on ! ,euphrates4 ,! victor ?is "t act$ ) tol]able mildness2 ! s9 ( ! p 0 to appe> 9 its full light by ! circum/ance1 t ,god gave !m "t = rep5tance1 & did n at once proce$ to ! utmo/ rig\r1 b advanc$1 /ep by /ep1 9 ,8 judgm5ts4 ,b "h too x 0 se5 t crime1 9 its highe/ degree1 becomes madness2 ! m ne>ly t p & k+ approa*$ ! abyss1 ! great] became ! spe$ ) :i* !y ha/5$ t[>ds x4 ,x is true t !y ,pg #cfg did n rema9 altoge!r ins5sible :5 ! ?reat5+s ( ! ,prophet began to be fulfill$4 ,?is is se5 f ! day ( fa/+ & rep5tance :i* 0 appo9t$ 9 remembrance ( ! fir/ capture by ! ,*aldeans 7comp>e ,diss]tations on ! ,g5u95ess ( ,daniel1 p4 #di72 b fleet+ emotions _c /op ! c\rse ( s94 ,soon x became worse ?an x _h be5 be=e2 & !re=e ! div9e judgm5ts also rea*$ a new /ation4 ,ev5 political wisdom advis$ ! k+ quietly to submit to dep5d5ce on ! ,*aldeans1 :i* 01 comp>atively1 little oppressive4 ,x 0 obvi\s t1 unsupport$1 he c\ld effect no?+ aga9/ ! ,*aldean p[]2 &1 to ! unprejudic$ eye1 x 0 z obvi\s t ! ,egyptians c\ld n help him2 & ev5 _h x be5 possible1 he w\ld only h *ang$ ma/]s4 ,b1 accord+ to ! c\nsel ( ,god1 :o takes away ! und]/&+ ( ! wise1 ^! political reasons1 obvi\s ?\gh !y 71 %\ld n ex]cise any influ5ce ^u him1 because 8 obdurate he>t prev5t$ him f li/5+ to ! religi\s argum5ts :i* ,j]emiah br\ght be=e him4 ,melanc?on 7opp4 ii41 p4 #djg ff47 po9ts x out z a rem>kable circum/ance t1 :ile o!r prophets1 e4g41 ,samuel1 ,eli%a1 ,isaiah1 exhort to a vigor\s opposition to ! enemies1 &1 9 t case1 promise div9e assi/ance1 yea t1 to "s ext5t1 !y ev5 took an active "p 9 ! deliv]ance1 ,j]emiah1 on ! o!r h&1 always prea*es unconditional submission4 ,! issue1 :i* is z diff]5t z ! advice1 %[s t ?is diff]5ce has n1 by any means1 its f\ndation 9 ! p]sons1 b 9 ! /ate ( ?+s4 ,! sev5ty ye>s ( ,*aldean s]vitude 7 irrevocably decre$ ^u ,judah2 ev5 ! exact /atem5t ( ye>s1 :i* else is s uncommon 9 ref]5ce to ! fate ( ! cov5ant-p1 %[s h[ firm & det]m9$ 0 t decree4 ,!y _h altoge!r1 & m fully ?an at any o!r "t1 giv5 !mselves ov] to ! int]nal p[] ( hea!nism2 accord+ to a div9e necessity1 !y mu/ !re=e also be giv5 ov] to ! ext]nal p[] ( ! hea!n1 bo? = puni%m5t & re=m4 ,god himself c\ld n *ange t decree1 = x re/$ on ,8 nature4 ,h5ce1 x w\ld be 9 va9 ?\gh ev5 ! greate/ int]cessors1 ,moses & ,samuel1 %\ld /& be=e ,him1 ,j]4 xv4 #a ff4 ,int]cessory pray] c be effectual1 only if x be (f]$ 9 ,pg #cfh ! "n ( ,god4 ,b if su* 7 ! case1 h[ fooli% 0 x to rebel aga9/ ! ,*aldean p[]2 to attempt to remove ! effect1 :ile !y all[$ ! cause to rema92 to /op ! brook1 :ile ! s\rce /ill cont9u$ to s5d =? its wat]s4 ,x w\ld h be5 fooli%1 ev5 if ! relative p[] ( ! ,jews & ,*aldeans _h be5 altoge!r rev]s$4 ,= :5 ! ,"l sells a p1 "o c *ase a ?\s&1 & two c put t5 ?\s& to flight 7,deut4 xxxii4 #cj74 ,b ! %eph]d ( ! p _h become a fool1 & did n enquire aft] ! ,"l4 ,he c\ld n1 !re=e1 act wisely2 & ! :ole flock 0 scatt]$1 ,j]4 x4 #ba4 ,jehoiakim rebell$ aga9/ ! ,*aldeans1 & = "s ye>s he 0 all[$ to cont9ue 9 ! delusion ( hav+ act$ v wisely1 = ,nebu*adnezz> _h m important ?+s to m9d & to settle4 ,b !n he w5t up aga9/ ,j]usalem1 & put an end to 8 reign & life1 ,j]4 xxii4 #a-ab2 #b ,k+s xxiv4 #b2 ,diss]tations on ! ,g5u95ess ( ,daniel1 p4 #di4 ,z yet1 ! long-suff]+ ( ,god1 &1 h5ce1 ! pati5ce ( ! ,*aldeans1 7 n at an end4 ,jehoia*9 or ,jeconiah 0 rais$ to ! ?rone ( 8 fa!r4 ,ev5 ! %ort reign ( ?ree mon?s gave to ! y\? suffici5t occasion to manife/ ! wick$ness ( 8 he>t1 & 8 enmity to ,god4 ,suspicions aga9/ 8 fidelity arose2 a ,*aldean army anew ent]$ ! city1 & c>ri$ away ! k+1 &1 along ) him1 ! great mass ( ! p4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ great deportation4 ,9 ! provid5ce ( ,god x 0 s arrang$ t1 among ^? :o 7 c>ri$ away1 !re 0 ! v fl[] ( ! nation4 ,! app>5t suff]+ 0 to !m a bless+4 ,!y 71 = _! good1 s5t away f ! place ov] :i* ! /orms ( ,god's ang] 7 soon to dis*>ge !mselves1 into ! l& ( ! ,*aldeans1 & =m$ !re ! nucleus = ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 9 its imp5d+ new =m1 ,j]4 xxiv4 ,no?+ n[ seem$ to /& 9 ! way ( ! div9e judgm5t ^u ! wick$ mass t _h be5 left beh9d1 l bad figs t no "o c eat = badness1--!y :om ! ,"l _h ?reat5$ t ,he w\ld give !m ov] to hurt & calamity 9 all ! k+doms ( ! e>?1 to reproa*1 & a prov]b1 & a taunt1 & a curse1 9 all places :i!r ,he w\ld drive !m1 ,j]4 xxiv4 #i4 ,& /ill ! ,"l 0 wait+ be=e ,he c>ri$ out ?is ,pg #cfi ?reat5+1 & smote ! l& to curs+4 ,mattaniah or ,z$ekiah1 ! son ( ,josiah1 ! uncle ( ,jehoia*91 :o 0 giv5 to !m = a k+1 might1 at lea/ p>tially1 h av]t$ ! evil4 ,b he too _h to le>n t ! fe> ( ! ,"l is ! beg9n+ ( wisdom4 ,f v>i\s qu>t]s1 attempts h be5 made to exculpate him1 on ! plea t 8 fault 0 only weakness1 :i* made him ! tool ( a corrupt p>ty2 b ,scripture =ms a diff]5t e/imate ( him1 & he :o looks deep] w f9d its judgm5t to be correct1--w be able to grant to him t pref]5ce only ov] ,jehoiakim :i* ,c4 ,b4 ,mi*aelis assign$ to him 9 ! words3 ,jehoiakim 0 ( an obdurate & wild disposition2 ,z$ekiah _h "s fe> ( ,god1 al?\gh x 0 a s]vile1 hypocritical fe>1 b ,jehoiakim _h none at all4 ,& ev5 ?is pref]5ce1 :5 m n>r[ly exam9$1 am\nts to no?+1 = x belongs to nature1 & n to grace4 ,:e!r corruption manife/s itself z weakness1 or z a c>nal1 p[]ful opposition to div9e tru?1 is accid5tal1 & dep5ds ^u ! div]sity ( m5tal & bodily organization4 ,! fact t ,z$ekiah did n altoge!r put away f himself ! tru? & its mess5g]s 7,dahl] rem>ks3 ,he respect$ ! ,prophet1 )\t hav+ ! p[] ( foll[+ 8 advice2 he ev5 protect$ 8 life aga9/ 8 p]secutors1 b he did n v5ture to secure him aga9/ _! vexation7 _c be put d[n to 8 cr$it2 he 01 aga9/ 8 w1 =c$ to d s2 & inde$ he c\ld n resi/ a p[]ful impression ( any k9d4 ,9 a man ( ,jehoiakim's "*1 ! same measure ( ! fe> ( ,god w\ld induce u to mitigate our op9ion2 = 9 su* a "o x c\ld n exi/ )\t "s support f )94 ,confid+ 9 ! help ( ! neighb\r+ nations1 especially ! ,egyptians2 p]suad$ by ! false prophets & ! nobles2 himself seiz$ by t _s ( gidd9ess & intoxication :i*1 ) irresi/ible p[]1 c>ri$ away ! p to ! abyss1 ,z$ekiah broke ! holy oa? :i* he _h sworn to ! ,*aldeans1 &1 aft] an ob/9ate resi/ance1 ,j]usalem 0 tak5 & de/roy$4 ,z yet1 ! long suff]+ ( ,god1 &1 h5ce1 also t ( man1 0 n altoge!r at an end4 ,! conqu]ors left a comp>atively small portion ( ! inhabitants 9 ! l&4 ,! grace ( ,god gave !m ,g$aliah1 an excell5t man1 = _! civil sup]ior1 & ,j]emiah = _! ecclesia/ical ,pg #cgj sup]ior4 ,! latt] pref]r$ to rema9 9 ! smok+ ru9s1 r ?an foll[ ! brilliant promises ( ! ,*aldeans1 & 0 will+ to p]sev]e to ! la/ 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 duty1 al?\gh he 0 by ?is "t f> advanc$ 9 life1 & oppress$ ) deep grief ,b x appe>s z if ! p _h be5 b5t ^u empty+1 to ! la/ drop1 ! cup ( div9e wra?4 ,g$aliah is assass9at$4 ,ev5 ^? :o did n p>take 9 ! crime fl$ to ,egypt1 disreg>d+ ! ^w ( ! ,"l ?r\gh ! ,prophet1 :o ann\nc$ a curse ^u !m if !y fl$1 b a bless+ if !y rema9$4 ,:at ! ,prophet _h to suff] "u su* circum/ances1 "o may easily imag9e ev5 )\t consult+ hi/ory4 ,ev5 al?\gh he _h rema9$ free f all p]sonal vexations & attacks1 x c\ld n b be an immeasurable grief to him to dwell 9 ! mid/ ( su* a g5]ation1 to see _! corruption increas+ m & m1 to see ! abyss com+ ne>] & ne>]1 to f9d all 8 fai?ful w>n+s unhe$$1 & 8 :ole m9i/ry 9 va91 at lea/ z f> z ! mass ( ! p 7 conc]n$4 ,o t !y w\ld give me 9 ! wild]ness a lodg+-place = wayf>+ m5--s he speaks z e>ly z "u ,josiah1 *ap4 ix4 #a 7#b7--;& ,i w\ld leave my p & g f !m2 = !y are all adult]]1 an assembly ( trea*]\s m54 ,b f ^! p]sonal vexations & attacks1 he nei!r 01 nor c\ld be exempt$4 ,mock]y1 hatr$1 calumny1 ignom9y1 curses1 imprisonm5t1 bonds 7 8 portion4 ,to be> su* a burd5 w\ld h be5 difficult to any man1 b mo/ ( all to a man ( 8 disposition4 ,! m t5d] ! he>t1 ! deep] ! sm>t4 ,he 0 n a second ,elijah2 he _h a s(t disposition1 a lively s5sibility2 8 eyes 7 easily fill$ ) te>s4 ,& he :o w\ld h lik$ s mu* to live 9 peace & love ) all1 hav+ ent]$ into ! s]vice ( tru?1 0 oblig$ to become a second ,i%mael1 8 h& aga9/ e man1 & e man's h& aga9/ him4 ,he :o s ard5tly lov$ 8 p1 mu/ see ?is love miscon/ru$ & reject$2 mu/ see himself br&$ z a traitor to ! p1 by ^? m5 :o 7 !mselves traitors4 ,all ^! ?+s 7 to him ! cause ( viol5t /ruggles & conflicts1 :i* he c&idly lays be=e u 9 v>i\s passages1 especially 9 *ap4 xii4 & ,pg #cga xx41 because1 by ! victory1 ! ,"l1 :o alone c\ld give x1 0 glorifi$4 ,he 0 su/a9$ by inw>d consolations1 by wond]ful deliv]ances1 by ! rem>kable fulfilm5t ( 8 prophecies :i* he himself liv$ to witness2 b especially by ! circum/ance t ! ,"l caus$ him to behold ,8 future salvation ) ! same cle>ness z ,8 judgm5ts2 s t he c\ld consid] ! latt] only z transi5t1 &1 ev5 by ! mo/ gl>+ contra/ betwe5 ! appe>ance & ! idea1 nev] lo/ ! firm hope ( ! f9al victory ( ! =m]4 ,?is hope =m$ ! c5tre ( 8 :ole life4 ,= a long s]ies ( ye>s1 he is some:at cauti\s 9 giv+ utt]ance to x2 =1 j z ,hosea 9 ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes1 s he too has to d ) secure & gross s9n]s1 :o mu/ be t]rifi$ by ! prea*+ ( ! ,law1 & ! message ( wra?4 ,b1 ev5 "h1 s+le sunbeams ev]y:]e con/antly break ?r\gh ! d>k cl\ds4 ,b t[>ds ! close1 :5 ! total de/ruction is already at h&1 & 8 commission to root out & de/roy draws to an end1 because n[ ! ,"l himself is to speak by de$s1 he c1 to ! full desire ( 8 he>t1 c>ry out ! second "p ( 8 call+1 viz41 to plant & to build 7comp>e *ap4 i472 & x is n[1 t 8 m\? is ov]fl[+1 t x is se5 h[ full ( x 8 he>t _h always be54 ,! :ole vocation ( ! ,prophet1 ,calv9 /rik+ly expresses 9 ^! words3 ,i say simply t ,j]emias 0 s5t by ,god to ann\nce to ! p ! la/ defeat1 &1 f>!r1 to proclaim ! future r$emption1 b 9 su* a mann]1 t he always puts 9 ! sev5ty ye>s'exile4 ,t1 accord+ to him1 ?is r$emption is n de/9$ = ,israel only1 b t ! ,g5tiles also p>take 9 x1 appe>s n incid5tally only 9 ! prophecies to 8 own p2 b x is also prom95tly br\ght out 9 ! prophecies aga9/ ! =eign nations !mselves1 e4g41 9 ! prophecy aga9/ ,egypt1 *ap4 xlvi4 #bf2 aga9/ ,moab1 *ap4 xlviii4 #dg2 aga9/ ,ammon1 xlix4 #f4 ,9 ann\nc+ ! ,messiah f ! h\se ( ,david 7*ap1 xxii4 #e1 xxx4 #i1 xxxiii4 #ae71 ,j]emiah agrees ) ! =m] prophets4 ,! ,messianic features peculi> to him are ! foll[+3--,! ann\ncem5t ( a revelation ( ,god1 :i* by f> out%9es ! =m] "o f above ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 & by :i* ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 ) e ,pg #cgb ?+ atta*$ to x1 %all become antiquat$1 *ap4 iii4 #ad-ag2 ! ann\ncem5t ( a new cov5ant1 di/+ui%$ f ! =m] by great] ri*ness 9 ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 & ! outp\r+ ( ! ,holy ,_s3 ,i give my law 9 _! inw>d p>ts1 & ,i w write x 9 _! he>ts1 *ap4 xxxi4 #ca-cd2 ! intimation ( ! imp5d+ realization ( ! promise ( ,moses3 ,ye %all be to me a k+dom ( prie/s1 ) :i* ! abolition ( ! poor =m ( ! prie/hood hi!rto is connect$1 *ap4 xxxiii4 #ad-bf4 ,z reg>ds ! /yle ( ,j]emiah1 ,cunaeus 7de repub4 ,hebr4 i4 #c1 c4 #g7 p]t95tly rem>ks3 ,! :ole maje/y ( ,j]emiah lies 9 8 neglig5t language2 t r\gh diction becomes him exce$+ly well4 ,x is c]ta9ly v sup]ficial 9 ,j]ome to seek ! cause ( t humilitas dictionis ( ! ,prophet1 :om he1 at ! same "t1 calls 9 maje/ate s5suum pr(undissimum1 9 8 orig9 f ! viculus ,ana?o?4 ,x w\ld be unnatural if x 7 o!rwise4 ,! /yle ( ,j]emiah /&s on ! same gr\nd z ! hairy g>m5t & lea!r girdle ( ,elijah4 ,he :o is sorr[ful & afflict$ 9 8 he>t1 ^: eyes fail ) te>s 7,lam5t4 ii4 #aa71 _c adorn & decorate himself 9 8 dress or spee*4 ,f *ap4 xi4 #ba1 xii4 #e1 #f1 sev]al int]pret]s h inf]r$1 t ! ,prophet fir/ came =w>d 9 8 native place ,ana?o?1 & t1 because !y !re said to him3 ,?\ %alt n prophecy 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 else ?\ %alt die by our h&1 he !n w5t to ,j]usalem4 ,b ^? passages r ref] to an exp]i5ce :i* ! ,prophet made at an incid5tal visit 9 8 native place1 q simil> to :at our ,savi\r exp]i5c$ at ,naz>e?1 accord+ to ,luke iv4 #bd4 ,= 9 *ap4 xxv4 #c1 ,j]emiah says to all ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 t he _h spok5 to !m s9ce ! ?irte5? ye> ( ,josiah4 ,z e>ly z 9 *ap4 ii4 #b1 at ! beg9n+ ( a disc\rse :i* be>s a g5]al introductory "*1 & :i* imm$iately foll[s1 & is connect$ ) 8 vocation 9 *ap4 i41 he receives ! comm&3 ,g1 & cry into ! e>s ( ,j]usalem4 ,! op5+ spee* itself _c1 accord+ to its cont5ts1 h be5 spok5 9 "s corn] ( ! c\ntry1 b 9 ! metropolis only1 9 ! temple m specially1 ! c5tre ( ! nation & its spiritual dwell+ place4 ,x 0 !re t t mu/ be deliv]$ :i* 0 to be told to ! :ole p z su*4 ,pg #cgc ,,! ,,section1 ,,*ap4 ,,iii1 #ad-ag4 ,! :ole ,section1 f *ap4 iii4 #f1 to ! end ( *ap4 vi41 =ms "o connect$ disc\rse1 sep>at$ f ! prec$+ context by ! inscription 9 *ap4 iii4 #f1 & f ! subsequ5t context1 by ! inscription 9 *ap4 vii4 #a4 ,?is sep>ation1 h[ev]1 is m ext]nal ?an int]nal4 ,! cont5ts & tone rema9 ! same ?r\gh ! :ole s]ies ( *apt]s :i* op5 ! collection ( ! prophecies ( ,j]emiah1 & t to su* a degree1 t we are compell$ to d\bt ! correctness ( ! proce$+ ( ^? int]pret]s1 :o w\ld det]m9e ! *ronological ord] ( ! s+le portions1 & fix ! exact p]iod 9 ! reign ( ,josiah to :i* e s+le portion belongs4 ,if su* a proce$+ 7 admissible1 :y %\ld ! ,prophet h express$ himself1 9 ! inscription ( ! ,section be=e u1 9 t]ms s g5]al z3 ,& ! ,"l said unto me 9 ! days ( ,josiah ! k+8 ,e ?+ on :i* ^! int]pret]s endeav\r to f\nd m accurate det]m9ations 9 reg>d to ! s+le ,sections1 disappe>s ^u a clos] consid]ation4 ,?us1 e4g41 ! tw(old ref]5ce to ! seek+ ( help f ,egypt1 9 *ap4 ii4 #af ff41 xxxvi41 xxxvii41 on :i* ,ei*horn & ,dahl] lay s mu* /ress4 ,we are n entitl$ "h to suppose a ref]5ce to a def9ite hi/orical ev5t1 :i*1 moreov]1 _c be hi/orically po9t$ out 9 ! :ole "t ( ,josiah1 b c only be suppos$ on unsafe & unf\nd$ conjectures4 ,9 bo? ( ! passages some?+ future is spok5 (1 z is evid5t f v]s4 #af & #ai4 ,! ?\ght is ?is3--t ,as%ur1 i4e41 ! p[] on ! ,euphrates 7comp>e #b ,k+s xxiii4 #bi71 :i* _h4 = a long "t op5$ its m\? to swall[ up ,judah1 j z x _h already swall[$ up ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes1 w\ld n be conciliat$1 & t ,egypt c\ld n grant help aga9/ him4 ,?is ?\ght ref]s to hi/orical circum/ances :i* _h already exi/$1 & cont9u$ to exi/ = "s c5turies1 & :i*1 9 ref]5ce to ,israel1 is giv5 utt]ance to z e>ly z by ,hosea1 comp>e ,vol4 i4 p4 #afd1 f4 ,our view is ?is3 ,we h "h be=e u1 n s mu* a s]ies ( prophecies1 ea* ( :i* _h lit]ally be5 s utt]$ at "s p>ticul> ,pg #cgd p]iod 9 ! reign ( ,josiah1 z r a resum ( ! :ole prophetic m9i/ry ( ,j]emiah "u ,josiah2 a collection ( all :i*1 be+ indep5d5t ( p>ticul> circum/ances ( t "t1 _h1 9 g5]al1 ! de/9y to give an inw>d support to ! outw>d re=m+ activity ( ,josiah1 a specim5 ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,prophet dis*>g$ ! div9e commission :i* he _h receiv$ a ye> aft] ! fir/ re=mation ( ,josiah4 ,ev5 ! mann] 9 :i* *ap ii4 is connect$ ) *ap4 i4 places ?is relation to 8 call beyond any d\bt4 ,we h ?us be=e u "h ! same ph5om5on :i* we h already p]ceiv$ 9 sev]al ( ! m9or prophets2 comp4 e4g41 ! introduction to ,micah4 ,9 ! section be=e u1 ! ,prophet is engag$ ) a two-fold object1--fir/1 ) ! proclamation ( salvation = ,israel1 *ap4 iii4 #f-;iv4 #b2 secondly1 ) ! ?reat5+ = ,judah1 *ap4 iv4 #c1 to ! end ( *ap4 vi4 ,x is only incid5tally1 9 *ap4 iii4 #ah1 t x is intimat$ t ,judah also1 aft] ! ?reat5+ has be5 fulfill$ ^u !m1 %all p>take 9 ! salvation4 ,x is self-evid5t t ^! two objects mu/ n be consid]$ z ly+ beside "o ano!r4 ,accord+ to ! :ole context1 ! ann\ncem5t ( salvation = ,israel _c h any o!r object ?an t ( w\nd+ ,judah4 ,?is object ev5 comes out di/9ctly 9 v]4 #f-aa1 & ! import ( ! disc\rse may1 !re=e1 be ?us /at$3 ,israel does n cont9ue to be reject$ z ph>isaical ,judah imag9$2 ,judah does n cont9ue to be sp>$4--,:5 ! ,prophet ent]$ ^u 8 m9i/ry1 n9ety-f\r ye>s _h already elaps$ s9ce ! div9e judgm5t _h brok5 9 ^u ,israel2 e hope ( re/oration seem$ to h vani%$4 ,judah1 in/ead ( be+ !reby w>n$2 in/ead ( behold+1 9 ! s9 ( o!rs1 ! image ( its own2 in/ead ( p]ceiv+1 9 ! de/ruction ( ! k+dom ( its bre?r51 a prophecy ( its own de/ruction1 01 on ! contr>y1 /r5g!n$ 9 its obduracy4 ,! fact t x /ill exi/$1 aft] ,israel _h1 long ago1 hopelessly p]i%$1 z !y imag9$1 appe>$ to !m z a seal :i* ,god impress$ ^u _! ways4 ,!y rejoic$ at ,israel's calamity1 because1 9 x1 !y ?\ght t !y saw a pro( ( _! own excell5cy1 j z1 at ! "t ( ,*ri/1 ! bl9dness ( ! ,jews 0 increas$ by ! circum/ance t !y /ill consid]$ !mselves z ! sole memb]s ( ,pg #cge ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 & imag9$ ! ,g5tiles to be exclud$ f x4 ,! ,savi\r's ann\ncem5t ( ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles /&s 9 ! same relation z ! ,prophet's ann\ncem5t ( ! re/oration ( ,israel4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,v]4 #ad4 ,turn1 ,o apo/ate *ildr51 sai? ! ,"l1 = ,i m>ry myself unto y1 & ,i take "o ( a city1 & two ( a family1 & br+ y to ,zion4 ,! "q "h is3--,to :om is ! disc\rse "h address$1--to ! memb]s ( ,israel1 i4e41 ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes1 z mo/ ( ! int]pret]s suppose 7,ab>banel1 ,calv91 ,s*mid1 & o!rs71 or1 z o!rs assume1 to ! inhabitants ( ,judea8 ,! decision has consid]able influ5ce ^u ! exposition ( ! :ole passage2 b x mu/ unhesitat+ly & unconditionally be giv5 9 fav\r ( ! fir/ view4 ,!re is n "o ^w to indicate a transition2 ! v same phrase1 turn1 ,o apo/ate *ildr51 occurs1 9 v]4 #bb1 ( ,israel4 ,apo/ate ,israel is1 9 ! prec$+ v]ses 7#f1 #h1 #aa17 ! /&+ expression1 :ile ,judah is designat$ z trea*]\s1 v]4 #h-aa4 ,! measure ( guilt is det]m9$ by ! measure ( grace4 ,! relation ( ! ,"l to ,judah 0 clos]1 & h5ce1 h] apo/acy 0 s mu* ! m culpable4 ,f>!r--,a detail$ ann\ncem5t ( salvation = ,judah w\ld "h n be suitable1 inasmu* z no ?reat5+ prec$$2 & v]4 #ah 7,9 ^? days1 ! h\se ( ,judah %all come by ! side ( lit]ally1 'ov]' ! h\se ( ,israel1 accord+ to :i* ! return ( ,judah is1 9 ! meantime1 a subord9ate po9t :i* has "h be5 m5tion$ incid5tally7 cle>ly %[s t t ann\ncem5t ( salvation1 conta9$ 9 v]s4 #ad-ag1 ref]s to ,israel4 ,to ,israel ! ,prophet imm$iately returns 9 v]4 #ai2 =1 f ! contra/ to ! h\se ( ,judah 9 v]4 #ah1 & to ,judah & ,j]usalem 9 *ap4 iv4 #c1 x is evid5t t by ! h\se ( ,israel 9 v]4 #bj1 & by ! sons ( ,israel 9 v]4 #ba1 ,israel1 9 ! /rict] s5se1 is to be und]/ood4 ,f9ally--,x w be se5 f ! exposition1 t x is only on ! supposition t ,israel is address$1 t ! cont5ts ( v]4 #af1 #ag1 become intelligible4--,9 our explanation ( ! words ,hebrew3 ki anki belti atk,m1 we foll[ ! prec$5t ( ! ,vulgate 7quia ego vir ve/]71 ( ,lu!r 7,i w ,pg #cgf m>ry y to me71 ( ,calv91 ,s*imd1 & o!rs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 o!rs1 especially ,pococke1 ad ,p4,m4 p4 #b1 ,s*ult5s on ,prov4 xxx4 #bb1 ,v5ema1 ,s*nurr]1 ,ges5ius1 ,w9]1 ,bleek1 h made e endeav\r to prove t ,hebrew3 bel is us$ s5su malo "h1 z well z 9 *ap4 xxxi4 #cb1 :]e x occurs 9 a connection altoge!r simil>2 s t ! decision mu/ be valid = bo? ( ! passages at ! same "t4 ,?is signification !y seek to make out 9 a tw(old way4 ,"s altoge!r give up ! d]ivation f ! ,hebrew usus loqu5di1 & ref] solely to ! ,arabic1 :]e ,hebrew3 bel means fa/idire4 ,o!rs d]ive f ! ,hebrew signification1 to rule1 t ( a tyrannical dom9ion1 & support _! "r 9 s do+1 by ref]r+1 ) ,ges5ius1 to o!r v]bs 9 :i* ! signification1 to subdue1 to be di/+ui%$1 to rule1 has be5 *ang$ into t ( look+ d[n1 despis+1 & contemn+4 ,z reg>ds ! fir/ d]ivation1 ev5 if ! ,arabic usus loqu5di 7 prov$1 we c\ld n f x make any c]ta9 inf]5ce z reg>ds ! ,hebrew usus loqu5di4 ,b ) respect to ?is ,arabic usus loqu5di1 x is f> f be+ prov$ & e/abli%$4 ,x is true t su* w\ld n be ! case if !re inde$ occurr$ 9 ,arabic ! expression ,arabic3 9999 fa/idivit vir muli]em eamque expulit1 s4 repudiavit2 b x is only by a /range quid pro quo t int]pret]s1 ev5 ,s*ult5s among !m1 foll[+ ! example ( ,kim*i1 h saddl$ ?is expression ^u ! ,arabic4 ,! error lies 9 a ha/y view ( ,adul ,walid1 :o1 in/ead ( x1 has ,arabic3 9999 any "o is emb>rass$ 9 8 affair4 ,! signification fa/idire1 rejic]e1 is1 9 g5]al1 q =eign to ! ,arabic4 ,! v]b ,arabic3 9999 d5otes only3 m5te turbatus1 attonitus fuit1 i4e41 to be possess$1 depriv$ ( ! use ( "o's /r5g?1 to be emb>rass$1 n to "k h[ to help "o's self3 comp>e ! ,camus 9 ,s*ult5s & ,freytag4 ,z soon z ! pla9 connection ( ?is signification ) ! ord9>y "o is p]ceiv$1 x is se5 at once1 t x is "h out ( ! "q4 ,z reg>ds ! second d]ivation1 we mu/ br+ ?is objection aga9/ x1 t ! fundam5tal signification ( rul+1 f :i* t ( rul+ tyrannically is said to h aris51 is entirely =eign to ! ,hebrew4 ,m cle>ly ?an by mod]n ,lexicograph]s x 0 se5 by ,cocceius1 t ! fundam5tal1 yea ! only signification ( ,hebrew3 bel1 is t ( possess+1 ,pg #cgg occupy+4 ,x may1 inde$1 be us$ also ( rul]s1 z1 e4g4 ,isa4 xxvi4 #ac1 & #a ,*ron4 iv4 #bb2 b n 9 s f> z !y rule1 b 9 s f> z !y possess4 ,on ! =m] passage3 ,jehovah our ,god1 ,hebrew3 belvnv advni,m zvlti,m1 ,lords beside !e h dom9ion ov] u1 ,s*ult5s1 x is true1 rem>ks3 ,e "o "h easily recognizes a sev]e & tyrannical dom9ion2 b x is r ! circum/ance t ! l& ( ! ,"l has at all =eign possessors1 :i* is ! real /+ ( ! grief ( ^? lam5t+1 & :i* s mu* occupies !m1 t !y sc>cely ?9k ( ! way & mann] ( ! possess+4--,passages su* z ,is4 liv4 #a1a lxii4 #d1 comp>e ,job i4 #h1 :]e a relation is spok5 (1 f\nd$ on mo/ cordial love1 %[ t ! signification to m>ry1 does n by any means proce$ f t ( rul+1 & is n to be expla9$ f ! absolute1 slavi% dep5d5ce ( ! wife 9 ! ,ea/1 b r f ! signification to possess4 ,& ?is is f>!r prov$ by passages su* z ,deut4 xxi4 #aj-ac1 xxvi4 #a1 :]e ! copula c>nalis is po9t$ out z t by :i* ! ,hebrew3 bel is complet$4 ,&1 f9ally1 x is se5 f ! ,arabic1 :]e ! wife is also call$1 ,hebrew3 belh1 ,arabic3 99991 j z ! husb& is call$ ,hebrew3 bel1 ,arabic3 99994--,x is f>!r obvi\s t1 9 ! frequ5t compositions ( ,hebrew3 bel ) o!r n\ns1 9 ord]1 by way ( p>aphrasis1 to =m adjectives1 ! signification "l is f> less suitable ?an t ( possessor1 e4g41 ,hebrew3 bel ,hlmvt1 ! dream]1 ,hebrew3 bel a,p1 ! angry "o1 ,hebrew3 bel npw1 ! covet\s "o1 ,hebrew3 bel mzmzt1 ! deceitful "o1 ,hebrew3 beli eir oppidani1 ,hebrew3 beli brit1 ! memb]s ( ! cov5ant1 etc4 ,we arrive at ! same conclusion1 if we look to ! dialects4 ,"h1 too1 ! signification to possess appe>s z ! prop] & orig9al signification4 ,9 ! ,e?iopic1 ! v]b signifies multum poss$it1 dives fuit4 ,9 ,arabic1 ! significations are m v>i$2 b !y may all be trac$ back to "o root4 ,?us1 e4g4 ,arabic3 99991 ,hebrew3 bel1 accord+ to ! ,camus1 a high & elevat$ l& :i* requires only "o annual ra92 f>!r1 a palm-tree1 or any o!r tree or plant :i* is n wat]$1 or :i* ! sky alone irrigates2 i4e41 a l&1 a tree1 a plant :i* !mselves possess1 :i* d n require to borr[ f o!rs4 ,?is reason ( ! appellation cle>ly appe>s 9 ,d%euh>i 7comp>e ,pg #cgh ,s*ult5s l4 c473 ,x is us$ ( ! palm-tree1 :i*1 by its roots1 provides = itself dr9k & sap1 s t !re is no ne$ = wat]+ x4 ,9 fav\r ( ! signification to rule 9 ?is v]b1 ! foll[+ gloss f ! ,camus only c be quot$3 ,bo? 7! #a/ & #aj? conjugations7 :5 con/ru$ ) ,hebrew3 elih sup] illum1 d5ote3 he has tak5 possession ( a ?+1 & behav$ himself pr\dly t[>ds x4 ,b ! latt] clause mu/ be /ruck out2 = x has fl[$ only f ! false read+ ,arabic3 9999 9 ,s*ult5s1 = :i* 7comp>e ,freytag7 ,arabic3 9999 noluit mu/ be read1 ,hebrew3 bel ) ,hebrew3 el accord+ly signifies to be ! possessor ( a ?+1 &1 z su*1 n to be will+ to give x up to ano!r4 ,& ?us e gr\nd has be5 tak5 f ^? :o1 f ! ,hebrew usus loqu5di1 w\ld int]pret ,hebrew3 bel 9 a bad s5se1--,! same result1 h[ev]1 :i* we h rea*$ ^u philological gr\nds1 we %all obta9 also1 :5 we look to ! context4 ,f x1 !y are mo/ easily refut$1 :o1 l ,s*ult5s1 und]/& ! :ole v]se z a ?reat5+4 ,t :i* prec$es1 z well z t :i* foll[s1 brea!s no?+ b pure love to poor ,israel4 ,%e is n t]rifi$ by ?reat5+s1 l ,judah :o has n yet drunk ( ! cup ( ,god's wra?1 b allur$ by ! call3 ,come unto me all ye t are we>y & heavy lad51 = ,i w give y re/4 ,b !y also lab\r "u great difficulties :o1 aft] ! example ( ,kim*i 7ego fa/idivi vos1 eo scil4 quod praet]iit tempore1 ac jam colligam vos71 ref] ! ,hebrew3 ki n s mu* to ,hebrew3 belti1 z r to ,hebrew3 lqhti3 ,= ,i h1 x is true1 reject$ y =m]ly1 b n[ ,i take1 c4 ,?is is ! only %ape 9 :i* ?is int]pretation c /ill appe>2 = x is altoge!r arbitr>y to expla9 ,hebrew3 ki by al?\gh1 an int]pretation /ill f\nd 9 ,de ,wette4 ,if x _h be5 ! int5tion ( ! ,prophet to express ?is s5se1 no?+ surely 0 less admissible1 ?an to omit j ^? words1 ^u :i* ev]y?+ dep5d$--! words =m]ly & n[4 ,hebrew3 lq,hti & ,hebrew3 belti evid5tly /& "h 9 ! same relation2 bo? toge!r =m ! gr\nd = ! return to ! ,"l4 ,to ^! reasons we may /ill add ! circum/ance t1 accord+ to our explanation1 we obta9 ! beautiful p>allelism ) v]4 #ab3 ,return ?\1 apo/ate ,israel1 sai? ! ,"l2 ,i w n cause m9e ang] to fall ^u y2 = ,i am m]ciful2 ,i d n keep ang] = ev]1--a circum/ance :i* has already be5 ,pg #cgi po9t$ out by ,calv94 ,israel's haught9ess is brok52 b despond5cy n[ keeps !m f return+ to ! ,"l4 ,he1 !re=e1 ev] anew repeats ,8 invitation1 ev] anew f\nds x ^u ! fact1 t ,he delights 9 %[+ m]cy & love to ^? :o h =sak5 ,him4 ,! rejection ( ,israel _h1 9 v]4 #h1 be5 repres5t$ "u ! image ( divorce3 ,because apo/ate ,israel _h committ$ adult]y1 ,i _h put h] away1 & giv5 h] ! bill ( divorce4 ,:at1 !re=e1 is m natural1 ?an t h] be+ receiv$ aga91 :i* 0 (f]$ to h] out ( pure m]cy1 %\ld appe> "u ! image ( a new m>riage2 & t s mu* ! m1 t ! apo/acy _h1 ev5 9 ! prec$+ v]se1 be5 repres5t$ z adult]y & :or$om8 7,?\ ha/ scatt]$ ?y ways1 i4e41 ?\ ha/ be5 runn+ ab\t to v>i\s places aft] ! mann] ( an impud5t :ore seek+ lov]s--,s*mid2 comp>e v]4 #f47 ,f>!r to be comp>$ is v]4 #bb3 ,return ye apo/ate *ildr51 7=7 ,i w heal y\r apo/acy4 ,behold we come unto !e1 = ?\ art ! ,"l our ,god4 ,! objection t ,hebrew3 bel1 9 ! signification to take 9 m>riage is con/ru$ ) ! ,accusative only1 is ( no weight4 ,9 a mann] altoge!r simil>1 ,hebrew3 zkr1 :i* else is connect$ ) ! simple ,accusative1 is1 9 v]4 #af1 foll[$ by ! ,preposition ,hebrew3 b4 ,hebrew3 bel ) ,hebrew3 b altoge!r corresponds to our to jo9 onesself 9 m>riage2 & ! con/ruction has p]haps a c]ta9 emphasis1 & indicates ! close & indissoluble connection4 ,( /ill less weight is ano!r objection1 viz41 t1 9 t case1 ! ,suffix ,plur4 is inadmissible4 ,x is j ! ,israelites :o are ! wife2 & ?is is s mu* ! m evid5t t1 9 ! prec$+ v]ses1 & ev5 /ill 9 v]4 #ac1 !y _h be5 treat$ z su*4 ,h5ce no?+ rema9s b to det]m9e ! s5se ( our passage1 z 0 done by ,calv93 ,because despair might take hold ( !m1 9 su* a mann] t !y might be afraid ( approa*+ ,him4444 ,he sai? t ,he w\ld m>ry himself to !m1 & t ,he _h n yet =gott5 t union :i* ,he once _h be/[$ ^u !m4 ,?is is ! only correct view2 & by ?us det]m9+ ! s5se1 we at ! same "t obta9 ! sure f\ndation = ! exposition ( *ap4 xxxi4 #cb2 j z1 vice v]sa1 ! s5se :i* w result f an indep5d5t consid]ation ( t passage1 ,pg #chj w s]ve to confirm t :i* 0 "h e/abli%$4#b ,9 ! "r det]m9ation ( ! s5se ( ! subsequ5t words1 too1 ,calv9 di/+ui%es himself advantage\sly f ! e>li]1 & mo/ ( ! lat] int]pret]s3 ,god %[s t !re 0 no reason :y "s %\ld wait = o!rs2 & f>!r1 al?\gh ! v body ( ! p might be utt]ly corrupt$ 9 _! s9s1 yet1 if ev5 a few 7 to return4 ,he w\ld %[ himself m]ciful to !m4 ,! cov5ant _h be5 ent]$ into ) ! :ole p4 ,! s+le individual might1 !re=e1 h be5 dispos$ to imag9e t 8 rep5tance 0 9 va94 ,b 9 opposition to su* fe>s1 ! ,prophet says3 ',al?\gh only "o ( a t[n %\ld come to me1 he %all f9d an op5 door2 al?\gh only two ( "o tribe come to me1 ,i w admit ev5 !m4' ,aft] him ,loscanus too 79 8 ,diss]tation on ?is passage1 ,frankf4 #agbj7 has ?us correctly /at$ ! s5se3 ,! small numb] %all n prev5t ,god f c>ry+ out ,8 c\nsel4 ,?us x is se5--& ?is is alone suitable 9 ?is context--t ! app>5t limitation ( ! promise is1 9 tru?1 an ext5sion ( x4 ,h[ great mu/ ,god's love & m]cy be to ,israel1 9 h[ wide an ext5t mu/ ! decl>ation be true3 ,greek3 ametamelta ta *>ismata kai h klsis t\ ,!o1 ,rom4 xi4 #bi1 if ev5 a s+le righte\s ,lot is by ,god deliv]$ f ! ,sodom ( ,israel2 if ,jo%ua & ,caleb1 unt\*$ by ! pefuni%m5t ( ! s9s ( ! ?\s&s1 rea* ! ,holy ,l&2 if e p5it5t he>t at once f9ds a graci\s ,god6 ,?us x appe>s t ?is passage is n by any means 9 contradiction to o!r passages by :i* a complete re/oration ( ,israel is promis$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,greek3 epitun*ane9 ( ! ,greek3 eklog 7,rom4 xi4 #g7 ann\nc$ "h1 is a pl$ge & gu>antee = ! m compreh5sive & g5]al m]cy4--,expositors are at v>iance z to ! hi/orical ref]5ce ( ! prophecy4 ,"s1 e4g4 ,!odoret1 ,grotius1 ?9k exclusively ( ! return f ! ,babyloni% captivity4 ,o!rs 7aft] ! example ( ,j]ome & ! ,jewi% int]pret]s7 ?9k ( ! ,messianic "t4 ,x ne$ ,pg #cha sc>cely be rem>k$1 t "h1 z 9 s _m o!r passages1 ?is alt]native is out ( place4 ,! prophecy has j ! v same ext5t z ! matt] itself1 &1 h5ce1 ref]s to all et]nity4 ,x 0 a comm5cem5t1 t1 at ! "t ( ,cyrus1 _m f among ! t5 tribes1 induc$ by true love to ! ,god ( ,israel1 jo9$ !mselves to ! return+ ,judeans1 & 7 h5ce aga9 engraft$ by ,god into ! olive-tree4 ,x 0 a cont9uation ( ! fulfilm5t t1 9 lat] times1 especially ^? ( ! ,maccabees1 ?is took place m & m frequ5tly4 ,x 0 a prep>ation & prelude ( ! complete fulfilm5t1 al?\gh n ! complete fulfilm5t itself1 t1 at ! "t ( ,*ri/1 ! bless+s ( ,god 7 p\r$ ^u ! :ole ,greek3 ddekaphulon1 ,acts xxvi4 #g4 ,! words3 ,i br+ y to ,zion1 9 ! v]se "u consid]ation1 &3 ,!y %all come out ( ! l& ( ! ,nor? to ! l& t ,i h giv5 = an inh]itance unto _! fa!rs1 9 v]4 #ah1 d n at all oblige u to limit ourselves to ^? feeble beg9n+s2 ! idea appe>s "h only 9 t =m1 9 :i* x mu/ be realis$1 9 s f> z its realisation belong$ to ! "t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,zion & ! ,holy ,l& 71 at t "t1 ! seat ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god2 s t ! return to ! latt] 0 insep>able f ! return to ! =m]4 ,^? f among ,israel :o 7 conv]t$ to ! true ,god1 ei!r return$ altoge!r to ,judea1 or1 at lea/1 !re (f]$ up _! sacrifices4 ,b ,zion & ! ,holy ,l& likewise come into consid]ation1 z ! seat ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god only2 &1 = t v reason1 ! c\rse ( ! fulfilm5t goes on incessantly1 ev5 9 ^? times :5 ev5 ! ,nor? has become ,zion & ,holy ,l&4--,! circum/ance t two are assign$ to a family1 :ile only "o is assign$ to a t[n1 %[s t we mu/ "h ?9k ( a l>g] family :i* occupi$ sev]al t[ns2 & ! circum/ance t ! t[n is put toge!r ) ! family1 %[s t x is cities ( ! l& ( ,israel :i* are "h spok5 (1 & n ^? :i* ! exil$ ones inhabit$4 ,v]4 #ae4 ,& ,i give y %eph]ds accord+ to m9e he>t1 & !y fe$ y ) k & und]/&+4 ,! "q is3--,:o are "h to be und]/ood by ! %eph]ds8 ,calv9 ?9ks t x is especially ! prophets & prie/s1 inasmu* z x 0 j ! bad condition ( ^! ,pg #chb :i* _h be5 ! pr9cipal cause ( ! ru9 ( ! p2 & t x is ! greate/ bless+ = ! ,*ur*1 :5 ,god raises up true & s9c]e tea*]s4 ,simil> is ! op9ion ( ,vitr+a 7obs4 lib4 vi41 p4 #dag71 :o1 9 a l[] s5se1 ref]s x to ,ezra & ! le>n$ m5 ( t "t1 &1 9 a high] s5se1 to ,*ri/4 ,among ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 ,j]ome rem>k$3 ,^! are ! apo/olical m5 :o did n fe$ ! multitude ( ! believ]s ) ,jewi% c]emonies1 b ) k & doctr9e4 ,o!rs ref] x to lead]s ( e k9d2 ?us ,v5ema3 ,pa/ores sunt rectores1 ductores4 ,o!rs1 f9ally1 limit !mselves to rul]s2 ?us ,kim*i 7gub]natores ,israelis cum rege ,messia71 ,grotius1 & ,cl]icus4 ,! latt] int]pretation is1 = ! foll[+ reasons1 to be unconditionally pref]r$4 #a4 ,! image ( ! %eph]d & ( fe$+ occurs sometimes1 inde$1 9 a wid] s5se1 b ord9>ily ( ! rul] specially4 ,?us1 9 ! fundam5tal passage1 #b ,sam4 v4 #b1 x occurs ( ,david1 comp>e ,micah v4 #c4 ,?us also 9 ,j]emiah ii4 #h3 ,! prie/s said n4 ,:]e is ! ,"l1 & !y t h&le ! law knew me n1 & ! %eph]ds transgress$ aga9/ me1 & ! prophets prophesi$ 9 ! "n ( ,baal2 comp4 v]4 #bf3 ,!y1 _! k+s1 _! pr9ces1 & _! prie/s1 & _! prophets4 #b4 ,! ^w ,hebrew3 klbi conta9s an evid5t allusion to #a ,sam4 xiii4 #ad1 :]e x is said ( ,david3 ,! ,"l ha? s\ght him1 a man aft] ,8 own he>t1 & ! ,"l ha? appo9t$ him to be a pr9ce ov] ,8 p4 #c4 ,all d\bt is remov$ by ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 xxiii4 #d3 ,& ,i raise %eph]ds ov] !m1 & !y fe$ !m1 & !y fe> no m1 nor are dismay$4 ,t1 by ! %eph]ds1 9 ?is v]se1 only ! rul]s c be und]/ood1 is evid5t f ! contra/ to ! bad rul]s ( ! pres5t1 :o 7 spok5 ( 9 *ap4 xxii41 no less ?an f ! connection ) v]4 #e1 :]e t :i*1 9 v]4 #d1 0 express$ 9 g5]al1 is circumscrib$ )9 n>r[ limits1 & ! conc5tration ( ! fulfilm5t ( ! prec$+ promise is plac$ 9 ! ,messiah3 ,behold1 days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 & ,i raise unto ,david a righte\s ,bran*1 & ,he reigne? z a k+ & acte? wisely1 & sette? up judgm5t & ju/ice 9 ! l&4 ,?is p>allel passage is1 9 s f> also1 ( importance1 z x %ews t ! prophecy "u consid]ation likewise _h its f9al ref]5ce to ! ,pg #chc ,messiah4 ,! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes 0 puni%$ by bad k+s = its apo/acy f ! ,"l1 & f ,8 visible repres5tative4 ,9 ! :ole long s]ies ( ,israeliti% k+s1 we d n f9d any "o l ,jeho%aphat1 or ,hezekiah1 or ,josiah4 ,& t is v natural1 = ! f\ndation ( ! ,israeliti% ?rone 0 rebellion4 ,b1 ) ! cessation ( s91 puni%m5t too %all cease4 ,israel aga9 turns to t family :i* is ! m$ium & *annel ?r\gh :i* all ! div9e m]cies fl[ ^u ! ,*ur* ( ! ,"l2 & s !y receive aga9 a %>e 9 !m1 & p>ticul>ly 9 _! ri*e/ fulness 9 ! exalt$ scion ( ,david1 ! ,messiah4 ,! passage "u consid]ation is ?us completely p>allel to ,hosea iii4 #e3 ,& !y seek ,jehovah _! ,god1 & ,david _! k+2 & t :i* we rem>k$ on t passage is "h m p>ticul>ly applicable2 comp>e also ,ezek4 xxxiv4 #bc3 ,& ,i raise ov] !m "o ,%eph]d1 & ,he fe$e? !m1 my s]vant ,david1 he %all fe$ !m1 & he %all be _! %eph]d4 ,! anti!sis to ! words3 ,accord+ to m9e he>t1 is =m$ by ! words 9 ,hos4 viii4 #d3 ,!y h set up k+s n by me1 pr9ces :om ,i knew n1--words :i* ref] to ! pa/ hi/ory ( ,israel4 ,=m]ly1 ! rebelli\s *ose = !mselves k+s accord+ to ! desires ( _! own he>ts4 ,n[1 !y *oose ,him :om ,god ha? *os51 & :o1 accord+ to ! same necessity1 mu/ be an in/rum5t ( bless+1 z ! =m] 7 ( curs+4--,hebrew3 deh & ,hebrew3 hwkil /& adv]bially4 ,hebrew3 hwkil to act wisely is1 9 appe>ance only1 intransitive 9 ,hiphil4 ,! f\ndation ( wisdom & k is ! liv+ communion ) ! ,"l1 be+ accord+ to ,8 he>t1 walk+ aft] ,him4 ,! fooli% c\nsels ( ! =m] rul]s ( ,israel1 by :i* !y br\ght ru9 ^u _! p1 7 a consequ5ce ( _! apo/acy f ! ,"l4 ,! two fundam5tal passages are1 ,deut4 iv4 #f3 ,& ye %all keep & d 7! law72 = ?is is y\r wisdom & und]/&+2 xxix4 #h 7#i73 ,ye %all keep ! words ( ?is cov5ant & d !m1 t ye may act wisely4 ,besides ! passage "u consid]ation1 ! passages ,jo%4 i4 #g2 #a ,sam4 xviii4 #ad1 #ae2 #a ,k+s ii4 #c2 ,is4 lii4 #ac2 ,j]4 x4 #ba1 xxiii4 #e1 are f\nd$ ^u ^! two passages4 ,if all ^! passages are comp>$ ) "o ano!r1 & ) ! fundam5tal passages1 "o _c b wond] at ! arbitr>9ess ,pg #chd ( int]pret]s & lexicograph]s :o1 sev]+ sev]al ( ^! passages f ! o!rs1 h =c$ ^u ! v]b ,hebrew3 hwkil ! signification to prosp]1--a signification altoge!r fanciful ,god's s]vants act wisely1 because !y look up to ,god2 & he :o acts wisely f9ds prosp]ity = himself & 8 p4 ,h5ce1 x is a pro( ( ! greate/ m]cy ( ,god t[>ds ,8 p1 :5 ,he gives !m ,8 s]vants = k+s4 ,v]4 #af4 ,& x come? to pass1 :5 ye be multipli$ & fruitful 9 ! l&1 9 ^? days1 sai? ! ,"l1 !y %all say no m3 ,! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant ( ! ,"l6 ,& x w n come into ! he>t1 nei!r %all !y rememb] x1 nor miss x1 nor %all x be made aga94 ,fir/1 we %all expla9 "s p>ticul>s4 ,! words3 ,:5 ye be1 c4 ref] to ,g54 i4 #bh1 ,z x is ,god's g5]al provid5ce :i* br+s ab\t ! fruitfulness ( all creatures1 s x is ,8 special provid5ce :i* br+s ab\t ! increase ( ,8 ,*ur* ^: ranks h be5 ?9n$ by ,8 judgm5ts2 & x is ?us t ,8 promise to ! patri>*s is c>ri$ on t[>ds its fulfilm5t2 comp>e rem>ks on ,hos1 ii4 #a4 ,god's future activity 9 ?is respect1 has an analogy 9 ,8 =m] activity 9 ,egypt1 ,exod4 i4 #ab4 ,! words3 ,! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant mu/ be view$ z an exclamation1 9 :i* an ellipsis1 9 consequ5ce ( ! emotion1 mu/ be suppos$1 q4d4 x is ! aim ( all our desires1 ! object ( all our long+s4 ,! m]e m5tion ( ! object ) :i* ! :ole he>t is fill$1 is suffici5t = ! lively emotion4 ,v5ema's exposition2 ,arca foed]is ,jehovae sc4 e/1 & t ( ,de ,wette3 ,!y %all no m speak ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant ( ,jehovah1 are bo? feeble & un philological4 ,h[ 7 x possible t ,hebrew3 amr ) ! ,accusative %\ld mean to speak ( some?+8--,hebrew3 elh el-lb is1 9 a simil> context1 j z x is "h1 connect$ ) ,hebrew3 zkr 9 ,is4 lxv4 #ag3 ,= behold ,i create a new heav5 & a new e>?1 & ! =m] %all n be rememb]$ nor come into ! he>t1 comp4 also ,j]4 li4 #ej1 vii4 #ca2 #a ,cor4 ii4 #i4 ,hebrew3 zkr ) ,hebrew3 b does n simply /& in/ead ( ! usual connection ) ! ,accusative2 x signifies a rememb]+ connect$ ) affection1 a recollection jo9$ ) ard5t long+s4 ,hebrew3 pqd is1 by _m int]pret]s1 und]/ood 9 ! s5se ( to visit1 b ! signification to miss 7,is4 xxxiv4 #af2 #a ,sam4 xx4 #f-ah1 xxv4 #ae2 #a ,k+s ,pg #che xx4 #ci7 is recomm5d$ by ! connection ) ! foll[+ clause3 ,nor %all x be made aga94 ,?is supposes t !re %all come a "t :5 ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant %all no m exi/1 ! "t ( ! de/ruction ( ! temple1 :i* 0 s frequ5tly & emphatically ann\nc$ by ! prophets4#c ,god1 h[ev]1 w grant s ri* a comp5sation = t :i* is lo/1 t m5 w nei!r long = x1 nor1 urg$ on by ?is long+1 make any attempt at aga9 procur+ x = !mselves by _! own ef=ts4 ,! ma9 "q n[ arises3--,9 :at respect does ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant "h come into consid]ation8 ,! answ] is sugge/$ by v]4 #ag4 ,! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant is no m rememb]$1 because ,j]usalem has n[1 9 a p]fect s5se1 become ! ?rone ( ,god4 ,! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant comes into consid]ation1 !re=e1 z ! ?rone ( ,god1 9 an imp]fect s5se4 ,x c easily be prov$ t x 0 s1 al?\gh !re h be5 disputes z to ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 s4 ,! curr5t view 0 ?is1 t ,god1 z ! ,cov5ant ,god1 _h con/antly manife/$ himself above ! ,*]ubim on ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 9 a visible symbol1 9 a cl\d4 ,! fir/ important opposition to ?is view proce$$ f ,vitr+a :o1 9 ! ,obs4 sac4 t4 i4 p4 #afi1 advances1 among o!r argum5ts1 ! foll[+3 ,x is n by any means necess>y to ma9ta9 t1 9 ! holy ( holies1 9 ! tab]nacle or ! temple ( ,solomon1 !re 0 con/antly a cl\d ov] ! ,ark2 b x may be suffici5t to say1 t ! ,ark 0 ! symbol ( ! div9e habitation1 & x 0 = ?is reason said t ,god 0 pres5t 9 ! place betwe5 ! ,*]ubim1 because f !nce proce$$ ! revelation ( ,8 w1 & ,he ?us prov$ to ! ,jews t ,he 0 pres5t4 ,b ?is view ( ,vitr+a1 t x 0 ,pg #chf m]ely 9 an invisible mann] t ,god 0 pres5t ov] ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 met ) /rong opposition2 & a note to ! second edition %[s1 t he himself aft]w>ds ent]ta9$ d\bts reg>d+ x4 ,by ,?alemann1 a pupil ( ,erne/i1 x 0 aft]w>ds advanc$ f> m decid$ly1 & evid5tly ) ! int5tion ( c>ry+ x ?r\gh1 :e!r x 0 true or n1 9 ! ,diss]tatio de nube sup] arcam fo$]is 7,leipzig1 #agef74 ,he1 too1 decl>$1 h[ev]1 t he did n d5y ! matt]1 b only disput$ ! sign4 ,he f\nd a le>n$ oppon5t 9 ,john ,eb]h>d ,rau1 ,pr(essor at ,h]born 7,ravius1 de nube sup] arcam fo$]is1 ,utre*t1 #agfj2 x is a :ole book1 9 :i* ,?alemann's ,treatise is repr9t$74 ,! matt] is1 inde$1 v simple2 bo? p>ties are "r & wrong1 & ! tru? lies betwe5 ! two4 ,f ! pr9cipal passage1 9 ,lev4 xvi4 #b1 x is evid5t t1 at ! annual entry ( ! ,high ,prie/ into ! holy ( holies1 ! invisible pres5ce ( ,god embodi$ itself 9 a cl\d1 z =m]ly x also did1 on extraord9>y occasions1 dur+ ! j\rney ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 & at ! d$ication ( ! tab]nacle & temple4 ,9 t passage1 ,a>on is exhort$ n to ent] ! holy ( holies at all times1 = t w\ld prove a want ( rev]5ce1 b only once a ye>1 = 9 ! cl\d ,i %all appe> ov] ! lid ( expiation1 7?is is ! "r explanation ( ,hebrew3 kprt comp>e ,g5u95ess ( ! ,p5tateu*1 p4 #ebe f47 ,! place :]e ,god manife/s himself 9 s visible a mann] :5 ! ,high ,prie/ ent]s into x1 _c fail to be a mo/ holy place to him4 ,x is true t ,vitr+a 7,s4 #aga71 & /ill m ,?alemann 7,s4 #ci 9 ,rau71 h endeav\r$ to remove ?is objection by _! int]pretation2 b ) s pla9 a violation ( all ! laws ( int]pretation1 t x is sc>cely wor? :ile to ent] f>!r ^u ?is exposition1 7comp>e ! refutation 9 ,rau1 ,s4 #dj ff471 al?\gh ,j4 ,d4 ,mi*aelis1 ,vat]1 ,ros5mll]1 & ,bhr1 7,symbol4 des ,mos4 ,cultus1 i4 ,s4 #cie71 h approv$ ( x4#d ,on ! o!r h&1 ,pg #chg !re is no?+ to fav\r ! supposition ( an ord9>y & con/ant pres5ce ( ! cl\d 9 ! holy ( holies4 ,) su* a view1 que/ions at once arise1 su* z3 ,:e!r x came also to ! ,phili/9es8 ,all t ,rau advances 9 fav\r ( x1 m]ely proves ! invisible pres5ce ( ,god1 :i* surely _c be consid]$ & call$ a m]ely imag9>y ?+1 z is done by him1 p4 #ce4 ,= :at1 9 t case1 w\ld be ! ,"l's pres5ce 9 ! he>ts ( believ]s1 & 9 ! ,"l's supp]8 ,x is true t ,ezekiel1 9 *ap4 xi4 #bb1 beholds ! glory ( ! ,"l ov] ! *]ubim z be+ lift$ up1 & =sak+ ! temple be=e its de/ruction2 b h[ c we draw any ref]5ce1 z to ! actual /ate ( ?+s1 f visions :i*1 accord+ to _! nature1 surr\nd ) a body all t is invisible8 ,/ill1 z we already rem>k$1 ?is :ole controv]sy has ref]5ce to ! mann] only1 & n to ! fact ( ,god's pres5ce ov] ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant2 & ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant /&s "h 9 a wid] s5se1 & compreh5ds ! *]ubim1 & ! glory ( ! ,"l dwell+ ov] !m4 ,f a va/ numb] ( passages1 x c be prov$ t ?is glory ( ! ,"l 0 con/antly & really pres5t ov] ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 al?\gh x 0 9 extraord9>y cases only t x manife/$ itself 9 an outw>d1 visible =m2 comp>e1 besides ,lev4 xvi4 #b1 ,lev4 ix4 #bd1 :]e1 aft] ,a>on's consecration to ! prie/hood1 ! glory ( ! ,"l appe>$ to ! :ole p 9 confirmation ( 8 (fice4 ,to ^! passages belong all ^? 9 :i* ,god is designat$ z dwell+ ov] ! *]ubim1 su* z #a ,*ron4 xiii4 #f2 ,ps4 lxxx4 #b2 #a ,sam4 iv4 #d4 ,to x ref]s ! designation ( ! ark ( ! cov5ant1 9 a n>r[] s5se1 z ! foot/ool ( ,god2 comp4 #a ,*ron4 xxviii4 #b1 :]e ,david says3 ,i _h 9 m9e he>t to build an h\se ( re/ = ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant ( ! ,"l1 & = ! foot/ool ( our ,god2 ,ps4 xcix4 #e1 cxxxii4 #g2 ,lam4 ii4 #a4 ,f ?is circum/ance ! fact is expla9$1 t ! pray] 9 di/ress1 z well z ! ?anks = deliv]ance1 7 (f]$ up be=e1 or t[>ds ,pg #chh ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant4 ,aft] ! defeat be=e ,ai 7,jo%4 vii4 #e ff471 ,jo%ua r5t 8 clo!s1 & fell to ! e>? ^u 8 face1 be=e ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant ( ! ,"l1 until ! ev5tide1 he & ! eld]s ( ,israel1 & put du/ ^u _! heads1 & ,jo%ua said3 ,alas1 ,o ,"l ,god1 :]e=e ha/ ?\ at all br\ght ?is p ov] ,jordan8 ,aft] ! ,"l _h appe>$ to ,solomon at ,gibeah1 & _h giv5 him ! promise1 he w5t be=e ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant ( ! ,"l1 & (f]$ burnt-(f]+s1 & ?ank-(f]+s1 #a ,k+s iii4 #ae4 ,9 #b ,sam4 xv4 #cb1 we are told t ,david w5t up ! ,m\nt ( ,olives v sorr[fully1 & :5 he 0 come to ! place1 :]e p 7 accu/om$ to wor%ip ,god1 ,hu%ai met him4 ,accord+ to t passage1 x 0 ! cu/om ( ! p1 :5 on ! top ( ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 !y ga9$1 = ! fir/ or la/ "t1 a view ( ! sanctu>y1 to pro/rate !mselves be=e ! ,god ( ,israel :o dwelt !re4 ,to ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 all ^? passages ref] 9 :i* x is said t ,god dwelle? 9 ! mid/ ( ,israel2 t ,he dwelle? 9 ! temple2 t ,he dwelle? at ,zion or ,j]usalem1 comp>e e4g41 ! promise 9 ,exodus xxix4 #de3 ,i dwell 9 ! mid/ ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & f>!r1 ,ps4 ix4 #ab1 cxxxii4 #ac1 #ad2 #a ,k+s vi4 #ab1 #ac1 :]e ,god promises to ,solomon t if he %\ld only walk 9 ,8 comm&m5ts1 & execute ,8 judgm5ts1 !n w\ld ,he dwell among ! *ildr5 ( ,israel2 & aft]w>ds fulfils ?is promise by solemnly ent]+ into 8 temple4 ,indissolubly connect$ ) ?is1 0 ! deep rev]5ce 9 :i* ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant 0 held 9 ,israel4 ,x 0 consid]$ z ! mo/ preci\s jewel ( ! p1 z ! c5tre ( _! :ole exi/5ce4 ,be+ ! place :]e ! glory ( ,god dwelt 7,ps4 xxvi4 #h71 :]e ,he manife/$ himself 9 ,8 mo/ glori\s revelation1 x 0 call$ ! glory ( ,israel1 comp>e #a ,sam4 iv4 #ba1 #bb2 ,ps4 lxxviii4 #fa4 ,! ,high ,prie/ ,eli pati5tly & quietly he>d all ! o!r melan*oly tid+s--! defeat ( ,israel1 & ! dea? ( 8 sons4 ,b :5 he :o _h escap$ add$3 ,& ! ,ark ( ,god is tak51 he fell f (f ! seat backw>d by ! side ( ! gate2 & 8 neck brake1 & he di$4 ,:5 8 daught]-9-law he>d ! tid+s t ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant 0 tak51 %e b[$ h]self & travail$2 = h] pa9s came ^u h]4 ,& ab\t ! "t ( ,pg #chi h] dea?1 ! wom5 t /ood by h] said unto h]3 ,fe> n1 = ?\ ha/ borne a son4 ,b %e answ]$ n1 nei!r did %e take x to he>t1 & %e nam$ ! *ild ,i*abod1 & said4 ,! glory is dep>t$ f ,israel1 because ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant 0 tak51 & said aga93 ,! glory is dep>t$ f ,israel1 = ! ,ark ( ,god is tak54 ,b 9 :at mann] may ?is dwell+ ( ,god ov] ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant be conceiv$ (8 ,%\ld ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 :om all ! heav5s1 & ! heav5 ( heav5s _c conta9 7#a ,k+s viii4 #bg71 ^: ?rone is ! heav51 & ^: foot/ool is ! e>? 7,is4 lxvi4 #a71 dwell 9 a temple made by ! h&s ( m58 7,acts vii4 #dh1 ff47 ,evid5tly n 9 ! mann] 9 :i* m5 dwell 9 a place1 :o are 9 x only1 n out ( x4 ,nor 9 su* a mann] z ! c>nally m9d$ suppose1 :o1 to ! w>n+s ( ! prophets1 oppos$ _! ^w3 ,is n ! ,"l among u8 none evil c come ^u u 7,micah iii4 #aa71 or3 ,"h is ! temple ( ! ,"l1 "h is ! temple ( ! ,"l1 "h is ! temple ( ! ,"l 7,j]4 vii4 #d71 imag9+ t ,god c\ld n =sake ! place :i* he _h *os51 c\ld n take away ! free gift ( ,8 grace4 ,! matt] r /&s ?us3 ,t :i* con/itutes ! sub/ance & c5tre ( ! :ole relation ( ,israel to ,god1 is1 t ! ,god ( ! heav5s & ! e>? became ! ,god ( ,israel2 t ! ,creator ( heav5 & e>? became ! ,cov5ant-,god1 t ,8 g5]al provid5ce 9 bless+ & puni%+ became a special "o4 ,9 ord] to make ! relation famili> to ! p1 & ?us to make x ! object ( _! love & fe>1 ,god gave !m a praes5s num5 9 ,8 sanctu>y1 z a prefiguration1 &1 at ! same "t1 a prelude ( ! condesc5sion ) :i* ,he :om ! :ole univ]se _c conta91 re/$ 9 ! womb ( ,m>y4 ,& 9 s do+1 ,he gave !m n a symbolical repres5tation m]ely1 b an embodim5t ( ! idea1 s t !y :o wi%$ to seek ,him z ! ,god ( ,israel1 c\ld f9d ,him 9 ! temple1 & ov] ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant only4 ,! circum/ance t x 0 j !re t ,he took ,8 seat1 %[s ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is truly praes5s num51 & t m]ely imag9]y "o ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,!re 0 9 ?is no p>tial fav\r = ,israel1 no?+ f :i* c>eless s9n]s c\ld d]ive any com=t1 ,god's dwell+ among ,israel re/$ on ,pg #cij ,8 holy ,law4 ,accord+ z ! ,cov5ant is kept or n1 & ! ,law is obs]v$ or n1 x manife/s itself by increas$ bless+1 or by sev]] puni%m5t4 ,if ! ,cov5ant be entirely brok51 ! consequ5ce is t ,god leaves ,8 dwell+1 & x is only ! curse :i* rema9s1 & :i* is great] ?an ! curse inflict$ ^u ^? among :om ,he nev] dwelt1 & :i*1 by its greatness1 indicates ! greatness ( ! =m] grace4--,n[1 if ?is be ! case ) ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant2 if x be ! sub/ance & c5tre ( ! :ole =m] disp5sation1 :at1 & h[ mu* w\ld n fall along ) x1 if x fell2 & h[ inf9itely great mu/ ! comp5sation be :i* 0 to be grant$ = x1 if1 9 consequ5ce ( x1 no desire & long+ aft] x 0 to rise at all1 if x 0 to be reg>d$ z belong+ to ! ,greek3 pt*a /oi*eia1 & 0 to be =gott5 z a m]e image & %ad[6 ,! fact t ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant 0 made be=e any ?+ else1 suffici5tly %[s t e ?+ sacr$ "u ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation dep5d$ ^u x4 ,witsius ,misc4 t4 i4 p4 #dci1 v p]t95tly rem>ks3 ,! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant be+1 z x 71 ! he>t ( ! :ole ,israeliti% religion1 0 made fir/ ( all4 ,)\t ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant--no temple2 = x became a sanctu>y by ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant only2 = holy1 s ,solomon says 9 #b ,*ron4 viii4 #aa1 is ! place :]eunto ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant ha? come4 ,)\t ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 no prie/hood2 = :at is ! use ( s]vants :5 !re is no ,"l pres5t8 ,)\t temple & prie/hood1 no sacrifice4 ,we h ?us be=e u ! ann\ncem5t ( ! entire de/ruction ( ! previ\s =m ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 b su* a de/ruction ( ! =m z br+s ab\t1 at ! same "t1 ! highe/ completion ( ! sub/ance1--a p]i%+ l t ( ! se$-corn1 :i* dies only1 9 ord] to br+ =? mu* fruit2 l t ( ! body1 :i* is s[n 9 corruption1 9 ord] to be rais$ 9 incorruption4 ,dahl] rem>ks3 ,because a m sublime religion1 a m glori\s /ate ( ?+s w take ! place ( ! ,mosaic disp5sation1 !re w be no cause = regrett+ ! loss ( ! symbol ( ! prec$+ disp5sation1 & p w no m rememb] x4--,x is q natural t ! prophecy %\ld give great (f5ce1 & prove a /umbl+-block to ,jewi% int]pret]s4 ,its subject1 its high dignity1 j ,pg #cia consi/s 9 ! ann\ncem5t t1 at "s future p]iod1 ! %ad[ %\ld give way to ! sub/ance2 b x is j ! conf\nd+ ( ! %ad[ ) ! sub/ance1 ! rigid adh]5ce to ! =m]1 :i* *>act]ises ,judaism1 :i* consid]s ev5 ! ,messiah z a m9i/] ( ! old disp5sation only1 & views ! great *anges to be effect$ by ,him1 ma9ly z ext]nal ones4 ,! emb>rassm5t aris+ f ?is1 is v cle>ly express$ 9 ! foll[+ words ( ,ab>banel3 ,?is promise is1 !n1 bad1 & uproots ! :ole ,law4 ,h[ is x !n t ,scripture m5tions x z good8 ,rabbi ,arama1 9 8 comm5t>y on ! ,p5tateu*1 fol4 #aja1 says1 9 ref]5ce to ?is prophecy1 ,hebrew3 nbvkv kl hmprwi,m all int]pret]s h be5 p]plex$ by x4 ,! int]pretations by means ( :i* !y endeav\r to rid !mselves ( ?is emb>rassm5t 7see ! collection ( !m 9 ,fris*mu?'s diss]tation on ?is passage1 ,j5a2 repr9t$ 9 ! ,!s4 ,ant47 are only calculat$ pla9ly to manife/ x4 ,kim*i gives ?is explanation3 ,al?\gh ye %all increase & be multipli$ on ! e>?1 yet ! nations %all n envy y1 nor wage w> aga9/ y2 & x %all no m be necess>y = y to g to w> ) ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 z 0 usual 9 =m] times1 :5 !y took ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant out to w>4 ,9 t "t1 !re w be no necessity = s do+1 z !y %all n h any w>4 ,! weak po9ts ( ?is explanation are at once obvi\s4 ,t :i*1 9 ! v]se "u consid]ation1 is1 9 a g5]al way1 said ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 is1 by x1 ref]r$ to an altoge!r special use ( x1 a reg>d to :i* is exclud$ by ! evid5t anti!sis 9 v]4 #ag4 ,ab>banel rejects ?is explanation4 ,he says3 ,= !re is1 9 ! text1 no m5tion at all ( w>2 & !re=e ,i _c approve ( ?is exposition1 al?\gh ,jona?an1 too1 incl9es t[>ds x4 ,he himself br+s out ?is s5se3 ,! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant w\ld !n1 inde$1 /ill cont9ue to exi/1 & be ! seat ( ! ,"l2 b no m ! exclusive "o1 no long] ! sole sanctu>y4 ,! :ole ( ,j]usalem %all1 z reg>ds hol9ess & glory1 equal ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant4 ,= !re %all cease ) !m e evil ?+1 & e evil imag9ation2 & !re %all be su* hol9ess 9 ! l&1 t 9 ! same mann] z =m]ly ! ,ark 0 ! holie/ ( all ?+s1 s at t "t1 ,j]usalem %all be ,pg #cib ! ?rone ( ! ,"l4 ,b1 by ?is explanation1 ju/ice is n done to ! text4 ,= x is an entire do+ away ) ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant :i* is spok5 ( 9 x1 n a m]e dim9ution ( its dignity1 produc$ by ! circum/ance1 t t :i* =m]ly 0 l[ %all be exalt$4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly evid5t f ! words3 ,!y w n miss x1 nei!r %all x be made aga94 ,to ?is argum5t we may /ill add t1 by ?is exposition1 n ev5 ! object is ga9$ = ! sake ( :i* x 0 advanc$4 ,! nature & sub/ance ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant is de/roy$1 z soon z x is put on a level ) any?+ else4 ,x is !n no m ! ?rone ( ! ,"l2 & = ?is reason1 ! previ\s =m c no long] cont9ue to exi/1 &1 along ) x1 ! temple & prie/hood too mu/ fall4 ,if e place 9 ,j]usalem1 if e inhabitant ( x1 be equally holy1 h[ !n c in/itutions /ill cont9ue1 :i* are bas$ on ! diff]5ce betwe5 holy & unholy8--,"h a "q /ill arises4 ,!re 0 no ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant 9 ! second temple4 ,9 :at relation to ! prophecy "u consid]ation /&s ?is abs5ce ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 ! re/oration ( :i* ! ,jews expect at ! end ( ! days8 ,!re _c be any d\bt t x 0 really want+4 ,e pro( ( its exi/5ce is want+4 ,josephus1 9 enum]at+ ! catalogue ( ! spolia ,judaica1 borne be=e 9 ! triumph1 does n m5tion x4 ,he says expressly 7de ,bell4 ,jud4 v4 #e1 #e71 t ! holy ( holies _h be5 altoge!r empty4 ,"s ( ! ,jewi% writ]s ass]t t x _h be5 c>ri$ away to ,babylon2 :ile mo/ ( !m1 foll[+ ! acc\nt giv5 9 #b ,maccabees1 tell u t ,josiah or ,j]emiah _h conceal$ x2 comp>e ! ,treatise by ,calmet1 ,?4 #f1 ,s4 #bbd-beh1 ,mo%4 ,9 ask+ :y su* 0 ! case1 o!r analog\s ph5om5a1 ! abs5ce ( ! ,urim & ,?ummim1 ! cessation ( prophetism soon aft] ! return f ! captivity1 mu/ n be lo/ sight (4 ,e ?+ 0 int5d$ to impress ^u ! p ! conviction t _! condition 0 provisional only4 ,x 0 necess>y t ! ,!ocracy %\ld s9k b5ea? its =m] glory1 9 ord] t ! future glory1 :i* 0 f> to out%9e x1 %\ld s mu* ! m be long$ =4 ,aft] hav+ ?us det]m9$ :y x 0 t ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant 0 want+1 at ! second temple1 x is easy to ,pg #cic det]m9e ! relation ( ?is abs5ce to ! prophecy "u consid]ation4 ,x 0 ! beg9n+ ( its fulfilm5t4 ,9 ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 no?+ p]i%es1 )\t some?+ new aris+ out ( ?is decay4 ,! ext9ction ( ! old 0 ! gu>antee1 t some?+ new 0 approa*+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! abs5ce ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant 01 x is true1 at ! same "t1 a matt]-(-fact prophecy ( a sad "*4 ,to ^? :o clung to ! =m1 )\t hav+ 9 a liv+ mann] laid hold ( ! sub/ance1 & :o1 !re=e1 7 n able to p>take 9 ! m glori\s display ( ! sub/ance1--to ^! x ann\nc$ t ! "t 0 approa*+ :5 ! =m1 to :i* !y _h atta*$ !mselves ) _! :ole exi/5ce1 0 to be brok54 ,s9ce already "o ( ! great privileges ( ! cov5ant-p1 ! ,greek3 doxa 7,rom4 ix4 #d71 _h disappe>$1 surely all t might & w\ld soon %>e ! same fate1 :i* exi/$ only = ! sake ( x1 & 9 x only _h its significance4 ,9 ?is respect1 ! non-re/oration ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant %[$ t ! ,*aldean de/ruction & t by ! ,romans 7 connect$ z comm5cem5t & completion2 :ile1 9 ! o!r aspect1 x decl>$ t1 ) ! return f ! captivity1 ! realization ( ,god's great plan ( salvation 0 be+ prep>$4 ,inasmu* z ! mo/ complete fuga vacui is peculi> to ! ,cov5ant-,god1 ! empt9ess 9 t place :]e =m]ly ! glory ( ,god dwelt1 proclaim$ al\d ! future fulness4--,f9ally1 we h /ill to det]m9e ! special ref]5ce ( our v]se to ,israel1 i4e41 ! =m] k+dom ( ! t5 tribes4 ,?is ref]5ce is1 by mo/ int]pret]s1 entirely lo/ sight (1 & is v sup]ficially & errone\sly det]m9$ by ^? :o1 l ,calv91 pay att5tion to x4 ,9 ! prec$+ v]se1 x _h be5 promis$ to ,israel1 t ^? bless+s %\ld aga9 be be/[$ ^u !m1 :i* !y _h =feit$ by _! rebellion aga9/ ! ,davidic h\se1 & t !y %\ld be re/or$ to !m ) abundant int]e/4 ,= ,david's h\se is to atta9 to its completion 9 its righte\s ,spr\t4 ,?is ,%eph]d1 :o is1 9 ! fulle/ s5se1 :at ,8 ance/or _h only imp]fectly be5--a man accord+ to ! he>t ( ,god--%all fe$ !m ) k & und]/&+4 ,"h1 a comp5sation is promis$ = ! second1 inf9itely great] loss1 :i* ,pg #cid _h1 at all times1 be5 ackn[l$g$ z su* by ! fai?ful 9 ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes4 ,! revelation ( ! ,"l ov] ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant 0 ! magnet :i* con/antly drew !m to ,j]usalem4 ,_m sacrific$ all _! e>?ly possessions1 & took up _! abode 9 ,judea4 ,o!rs w5t on a pilgrimage f _! natural to _! spiritual home1 to ! ?rone ( ! glory exalt$ f ! beg9n+1 ,j]4 xvii4 #ab4 ,9 va9 0 e ?+ :i* ! k+s ( ,israel did 9 ord] to /ifle _! inde/ructible long+4 ,e new ev5t by :i* ! glory ( ,israel manife/$ itself z su*1 k9dl$ _! ard\r anew4 ,b "h also ! great bless+ & privilege1 :i* ! believ]s miss$ ) sorr[1 ! unbeliev]s )\t x1 is to ! return+ ones giv5 back1 n 9 its previ\s =m1 b 9 a glori\s completion4 ,! :ole p h n[ receiv$ eyes to recognise ! value ( ! matt] 9 its previ\s =m2 & yet ?is previ\s =m is n[ look$ ^u by !m z no?+1 because ! new1 inf9itely m glori\s =m ( ! same matt] occupi$ _! att5tion4 ,v]4 #ag4 ,at t "t !y %all call ,j]usalem ! ?rone ( ! ,"l2 & all ! nations %all be ga!r$ into x1 because ! "n ( ! ,"l is at ,j]usalem2 nei!r %all !y walk any m aft] ! wick$ness ( _! evil he>t4 ,_m int]pret]s1 proce$+ ^u ! supposition t ! emphasis re/s ^u ,j]usalem1 h be5 l$ to give an altoge!r errone\s explanation4 ,x is no m ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant :i* w !n be ! ?rone ( ! ,"l1 b all ,j]usalem4 ,?us1 e4g41 aft] ! example ( ,j>*i & ,ab>banel1 ,manasseh b5 ,israel1 ,conciliator1 p4 #aif3 ,if we keep 9 m9d t1 9 ! tab]nacle or temple1 ! ,ark 0 ! place :]e ! ,"l dwelt 7h5ce ,ex4 xxv4 #bb3 ',i w speak ) !e f above ! m]cy-seat1 f betwe5 ! two *]ubim'71 we %all f9d t ! ,"l "h says1 t ! ,ark inde$ _h =m]ly be5 ! dwell+-place ( ! ,godhead1 b t1 at ! "t ( ,messiah1 n "s "o "p ( ! temple only w\ld be fill$ ) ! ,godhead1 b t ?is glory %\ld be giv5 to all ,j]usalem2 s t :osoev] w\ld be 9 h] w\ld h ! prophetic _s4 ,if x _h be5 ! int5tion ( ! ,prophet to convey ?is mean+1 ! ^w all c\ld n h be5 omitt$4 ,! ?rone ( ! ,pg #cie ,"l1 ,j]usalem _h be5 ev5 =m]ly1 9 s f> z %e possess$ 9 h] mid/ ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 & h5ce 0 ! resid5ce ( ,jehovah1 ! city ( ! great ,k+1 ,ps4 xlviii4 #c4 ,! words 9 ! p>allel memb]3 ,because ! "n ( ! ,"l is at ,j]usalem1 %[ t ,j]usalem is call$ ! ?rone ( ! ,"l1 because !re is n[ 9 h] ! true ?rone ( ! ,"l1 j z1 =m]ly1 ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant4 ,! anti!sis to :at prec$es leads u to expect a gradation1 n 9 po9t ( quantity1 b ( quality4 ,! emphasis re/s r on3 ,! ?rone ( ! ,"l2 & ^! words receive f ! anti!sis ! m def9ite qualification3 ! true ?rone ( ! ,"l4 ,q simil>ly1 ^? :o boa/$ t ov] ! ,*]ubim 0 ! ?rone ( ,god1 & t ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant 0 ,8 foot/ool1 are told 9 ,is4 lxvi4 #a3 ,! heav5 is my 7true7 ?rone1 & ! e>? my 7true7 foot/ool2 comp4 ! passages accord+ to :i* ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant is designat$ z ! foot/ool ( ,god1 &1 h5ce1 ! place ov] ! ,*]ubim ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant z ! ?rone ( ! ,"l1 p4 #chg2 & f>!r1 ,is4 lx4 #ac2 ,ezra i4 #bf4--,! highe/ pr]ogative ( ! cov5ant-p1 _! highe/ privilege ov] ! _w1 is to h ,god 9 ! mid/ ( !m2 & ?is pr]ogative1 ?is privilege1 is n[ to be be/[$ ^u !m 9 ! mo/ p]fect mann]2 s t idea & reality %all co9cide4 ,p]fectly p>allel 9 sub/ance are su* passages z ,ezek4 xliii41 9 :i* ! ,%e*9ah :i*1 at ! de/ruction ( ! temple _h )drawn1 returns to ! new temple1 ! ,k+dom ( ,god 9 its new & m glori\s =m4 ,v]4 #b4 ,& behold ! glory ( ! ,god ( ,israel came f ! way ( ! ,ea/2 & its voice 0 l ! voice ( great wat]s1 & ! e>? %one ) its spl5d\r4 ,v]4 #g4 ,& ,he said unto me1 son ( man1 behold ! place ( my ?rone1 & ! place ( ! soles ( my feet1 :]e ,i w dwell 9 ! mid/ ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel = ev]1 & ! h\se ( ,israel %all no m defile my holy place4 ,ze*4 ii4 #ad 7#aj73 ,s+ & rejoice1 ,o daught] ( ,zion2 =1 lo1 ,i come & dwell 9 ! mid/ ( !e1 ) an allusion to ,exod4 xxix4 #de3 ,& ,i dwell among ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & w be _! ,god4 ,! ,prophet decl>es t ! full realization ( ?is promise is res]v$ = ! future2 b x c\ld n be s1 unless x _h already be5 realis$1 ?r\gh\t all pa/ hi/ory1 9 ,god's ,pg #cif dwell+ ov] ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant2 comp>e ,ze*4 viii4 #c3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,i return unto ,zion1 & dwell 9 ! mid/ ( ,j]usalem4--,if we enquire aft] ! fulfilm5t1 we are at once met by ! words 9 ,john i4 #ad3 ,greek3 kai ho logos s>x eg5eto kai eskns5 en hm91 kai e!asame?a tn doxan aut\1 doxan hs monog5\s p>a patros2 & t s mu* ! m t ^! words conta9 an evid5t allusion to ! =m] dwell+ ( ,god 9 ! temple1 ( :i* ! inc>nation ( ! ,logos is look$ ^u z ! highe/ consummation4 ,x is true t ! dwell+ ( ,god among ,8 p by means ( ! ,greek3 pneuma ,*ri/\ mu/ n be sep>at$ f ! p]sonal manife/ation ( ,god 9 ,*ri/1 9 :om dwelt ! fulness ( ! ,godhead bodily1 ,greek3 smatiks4 ,! =m] /&s to ! latt] 9 ! same relation1 z does ! riv] to ! f\nta92 x is ! riv] ( liv+ wat] fl[+ =? f ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,bo? toge!r =m ! true tab]nacle ( ,god among m51 ! new true ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant2 = ! old ?+s are ! ,greek3 skia tn mellontn1 to de sma ,*ri/\1 ,col4 ii4 #ag2 comp4 ,rev4 xxi4 #bb3 ,greek3 kai naon ouk eidon en aut4 ho g> ,kurios1 ho ,!os ho pantokratr naos auts e/i1 kai to arnion4 ,! typical import ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant is expressly decl>$ 9 ,heb4 ix4 #d1 #e1 & t :i* 0 typifi$ !reby is intimat$ 9 *ap4 iv4 #af3 ,greek3 pros]*m?a de meta p>hrsias t ?ron ts *>itos1 :]e ,*ri/ is designat$ z ! true m]cy-seat1 z ! true ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant4 ,j z1 =m]ly1 ,god c\ld be f\nd ov] ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant only1 by ^? f among 8 p :o s\ght ,him2 s we h n[1 ?r\gh ,*ri/1 boldness & access ) confid5ce 9 ,god 7,eph4 iii4 #ab72 & x is only :5 (f]$ 9 ,8 "n1 9 liv+ union ) ,him1 t our pray]s are acceptable1 ,john xvi4 #bc4 ,a consequ5ce ( t highe/ realization ( ! idea ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 &1 at ! same "t1 a sign t x has tak5 place1 & a measure ( ! bless+s :i* ,israel has to expect f its re-union ) ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 is ! ga!r+ ( ! ,g5tiles into x1 su* z1 by way ( type & prelude1 took place ev5 at ! l[] manife/ations ( ! pres5ce ( ,god among ! p2 comp>e1 e4g41 ,jo%4 ix4 #i3 ,& !y 7! ,gibeonites7 said unto him3 ,f a v f> c\ntry ?y s]vants are come1 because ( ! "n 7,hebrew3 lw,m7 ( ,jehovah ?y ,god1 = we h he>d ! fame ( ,him1 & all t ,he did 9 ,egypt1 ,pg #cig & all t ,he did to ! two k+s ( ! ,amorites1 c4 ,9 a mann] q simil> x is1 9 ,ze*4 ii4 #ae 7#aa7 also1 connect$ ) ! ,"l's dwell+ 9 ,j]usalem3 ,& _m nations %all be jo9$ to ! ,"l 9 t day2 & !y %all be my p2 & ,i dwell 9 ! mid/ ( !e4--,hebrew3 lw,m ihvh lirvwli,m mu/ be lit]ally translat$3 ,on acc\nt ( ! "n ( ! ,"l 7belong+7 to ,j]usalem1 =3 because ! "n ( ! ,"l belongs to ,j]usalem--is !re at home ,! "n ( ! ,"l is ! ,"l himself1 9 s f> z ,he reveals ,8 invisible nature1 manife/s himself ,9 ! "n1 ,8 de$s are compreh5d$2 & h5ce x =ms a bridge betwixt exi/+ & kn[+4 ,a ,god )\t a "n is a ,greek3 !os agn/os1 ,acts xviii4 #bc4 ,!re is an allusion to ,deut4 xii4 #e3 ,b unto ! place :i* ! ,"l y\r ,god %all *oose out ( all y\r tribes to put ,8 "n !re1 to dwell 9 x1 unto x ye %all seek1 & ?i!r ye %all come4 ,=m]ly1 :5 ,god put ,8 "n 9 an imp]fect mann] only1 ,israel only assembl$ !mselves2 b n[1 all ! ,g5tiles4--,! la/ words3 ,nei!r %all !y walk any m1 c41 are n by any means to ref] to ! ,g5tiles1 b to ! memb]s ( ! k+dom ( ,israel1 or also to ! :ole ( ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 to all ! memb]s ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 includ+ ! subjects ( ! k+dom ( ,israel4 ,?is appe>s f a comp>ison ( ! fundam5tal passage ( ! ,p5tateu*1 z well z ( ! p>allel passages 9 ,j]emiah4 ,:]ev] ,hebrew3 wrirvt occurs1 ! cov5ant-p are spok5 (2 ev]y:]e ! walk+ aft] ,hebrew3 wrirvt ( ! he>t is oppos$ to ! walk+ aft] ! reveal$ law ( ,jehovah1 :i* ,israel alone possess$4 ,hebrew3 wrirvt1 :i* prop]ly means firmness1 is !n us$ ( h>dness 9 s91 ( wick$ness4#e ,footnote #a3 ,vitr+a v correctly rem>ks on ?is passage3 ,hebrew3 bel1 prop]ly ,greek3 ho e*n1 he :o has any ?+ 9 8 possession is1 by an ellipsis1 appli$ to ! husb& :o1 9 ,exod4 xxi4 #c1 is rightly call$ ,hebrew3 bel a: "o :o has a wife4 ,footnote #b3 ,aga9/ ! explanation ( ,maur]3 ,= ,i am y\r ,"l2 & t ( ,ewald3 ,i take y "u my protection1 x is decisive t ,hebrew3 bel nev] means to be ,"l1 f> less to take "u protection4 ,hebrew3 bel1 :i* prop]ly means to possess1 is v commonly us$ ( m>riage2--z e>ly z 9 ! ,decalogue1 ! wife appe>s z ! noble/ possession ( ! husb&--s t a priori ?is signification is sugge/$ & dem&$4 ,footnote #c3 ,x is f ! circum/ance t mod]n ,exegesis is unable to compreh5d ! prophetic anticipation ( ! ,future1 t ! ass]tion has proce$$ 7,mov]s1 ,hitzig7 t1 ev5 be=e ! ,*aldean de/ruction1 ! ,ark mu/ h disappe>$ 9 a my/]i\s mann]4 ,9 ! view ( ! ,*aldean de/ruction ! ,"l is1 9 ,ps4 xcix4 #a 7comp4 ,ps4 lxxx4 #b71 designat$ z ,he :o sitte? ov] ! ,*]ubim4 ,9 #b ,*ron4 xxxv4 #c1 we h a di/9ct hi/orical witness = ! exi/5ce ( ! ,ark1 s late z ! #ah? ye> ( ,josiah4 ,! fable 9 #b ,maccab4 ii4 #d1 ff41 supposes t ! ,ark 0 at its ord9>y place1 d[n to ! "t ( ! break+ 9 ( ! ,*aldean cata/rophe4 ,"o might z well inf] f *ap4 iii4 #ah1 t1 at ! "t :5 ^! words 7 spok51 ,judah mu/ already1 9 a my/]i\s mann]1 h come into ! l& ( ! ,nor?4 ,footnote #d3 ,bhr advances ! ass]tion1 ,9 a 7!7 cl\d is equival5t to3 9 d>kness4 ,b ! p>allel passages1 ,exod4 xl4 #cd ff41 ,numb4 ix4 #ae1 #af1 quot$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,mi*aelis1 are q suffici5t to ov]?r[ ?is ass]tion4 ,& ^! p>allel passages are s mu* ! m to ! po9t1 t by ! article ! cl\d is designat$ z be+ already kn[n2 comp>e ,h(mann1 ,s*riftbeweis ii4 #a1 ,s4 #cf4 ,! cl\d 9 v]4 #ac is n id5tical ) t 9 v]4 #b1 b is its necess>y p>allel4 ,! cl\d 9 v]4 #b symbolises ! tru? t ! ,"l is a consum+ fire 7comp>e my rem>ks on ,rev4 i4 #g72 t 9 v]4 #ac is an embodi$ ,kyrie eleison1 comp>e rem>ks on ,rev4 v4 #h4 ,cl\d ) cl\d1--t is a noble advice = ! ,*ur* :5 %e is ?reat5$ by ! judgm5ts ( ,god4 ,a ?or\gh refutation ( ,bhr has be5 giv5 by ,w4 ,neumann3 ,beitrge zur ,symbolik des ,mos4 ,cultus1 ,zeits*r4 f4 ,lu?4 ,!ol41 #ahea1 i4 ,footnote #e3 ,9 a c]ta9 s5se1 "o may say t ,hebrew3 wrirvt lb is a ,greek3 hapax legom5on4 ,x occurs indep5d5tly 9 "o s+le passage only1 9 ,deut4 xxix4 #ah2 9 ! o!r passages 7eight times 9 ,j]emiah1 & besides1 9 ,ps4 lxxxi4 #ac71 x 0 evid5tly n tak5 f ! liv+ usus loqu5di f :i* x _h disappe>$1 b f ! fundam5tal passage 9 ! writt5 code ( law4 ,?is fact w1 a priori1 appe> probable1 :5 we keep 9 m9d t1 among all ! books ( ! ,p5tateu*1 ,j]emiah has *iefly ,deut]onomy be=e 8 eyes2 & among all ! *apt]s ( ,deut]onomy1 none m ?an ! #bi?2 & t ,ps4 lxxxi4 is p]vad$ by lit]al allusions to ! ,p5tateu*4 ,b x is put beyond all d\bt1 :5 we ent] ^u a comp>ison ( ! passage 9 ,deut]onomy ) ! p>allel passages4 ,"h we mu/ beg9 ) ,j]4 xxiii4 #ag1 :]e ! v]bal agreem5t comes out mo/ /rongly1 & !n we %all1 9 ! o!r passages also 7vii4 #bd1 ix4 #ac1 xi4 #h1 xvi4 #ab1 xviii4 #ab1 & ! passage "u consid]ation71 easily p]ceive t ! ^w has be5 borr[$4 ,f a comp>ison ) ! fundam5tal passage1 x appe>s t x is ! int5tion ( ! ,prophet to convey "h ! promise ( an et]nal duration ( ! rega9$ bless+1 & to keep (f ! ?\ght t possibly ! p might aga91 z =m]ly1 fall f grace4 ,( him :o walks aft] ! ,hebrew3 wrirvt ( 8 he>t1 x is said 9 ,deut4 xxix4 #ai 7#bj73 ,! ,"l w n be will+ to =give him2 = !n ! ang] ( ! ,"l & ,8 jeal\sy %all smoke aga9/ t man1 & all ! curses t are writt5 9 ?is book %all lie ^u him1 & ! ,"l blots out 8 "n f "u heav54 ,pg #cih ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 #a-h4 ,^! v]ses =m a portion only ( a great] :ole1 to :i*1 besides ! :ole ( *ap4 xxii41 *ap4 xxiii4 #i-dj also belongs4 ,= ^! v]ses conta9 a prophecy aga9/ ! false prophets1 & by ! way also1 aga9/ ! deg5]at$ prie/hood 7comp4 v]4 #aa72 & ?is prophecy easily unites itself ) ! prec$+ prophecy aga9/ ! k+s1 s z to =m "o prophecy aga9/ ! corrupt lead]s ( ! p ( ,god4 ,b1 = ! exposition ( ! v]ses be=e u1 x is only ! connection ) *ap4 xxii4 :i* is ( importance1 & t s mu* s t1 )\t c>efully att5d+ to x1 !y _c at all be ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,= ?is reason1 we %all conf9e ourselves to br+ x out m cle>ly4 ,! ,prophet reproves & w>ns ! k+s ( ,judah1 fir/1 9 g5]al1 ann\nc+ to !m ! judgm5ts ( ! ,"l ^u !m & _! p1--! fulfilm5t ( ! ?reat5+s1 ,deut4 xxix4 #bb ff4--if !y are to cont9ue 9 _! hi!rto ungodly c\rse1 *ap4 xxii4 #a-i4 ,9 ord] to make a /rong] impression1 he !n p>ticul>izes ! g5]al ?reat5+1 %[+ h[ ,god's recomp5s+ ju/ice manife/s itself 9 ! fate ( ! individual apo/ate k+s4 ,fir/1 ,jehoahaz is br\ght =w>d1 ! son & ! imm$iate successor ( ,josiah1 :om ,ph>aoh-,ne*o de?ron$ & c>ri$ ) him to ,egypt1 v]s4 #aj-ab4 ,! decl>ation conc]n+ him =ms a comm5t>y on ! "n ,%allum1 i4e41 ! recomp5s$ "o1 he :om ! ,"l recomp5ses accord+ to 8 de$s1--:i* "n ! ,prophet gives to him in/ead ( ! mean+less "n ,jehoahaz1 i4e41 ,god holds4 ,8 fa!r1 :o met 8 dea? 9 ! battle aga9/ ! ,egyptians1 may be call$ happy :5 comp>$ ) him2 = he nev] returns to 8 native ,pg #cii l&2 he lives & dies 9 a =eign l&4 ,! next :om he br+s =w>d is ,jehoiakim1 v]s4 #ac-ai4 ,he is a despot :o does e ?+ to ru9 ! p committ$ to him4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 ! mo/ gl>+ contra/ betwe5 8 beautiful "n & 8 mis]able fate4 ,! ,"l1 in/ead ( rais+ him up1 w ca/ him d[n to ! l[e/ dep?2 n ev5 an hon\rable burial is to be be/[$ ^u him4 ,no "o weeps or lam5ts ov] him2 l a trodd5 d[n c>cass1 he lies outside ! gates ( ,j]usalem1 ! city ( ! great ,k+1 :i* he attempt$ to wre/ f him1 & make 8 own4 ,!n foll[s a p>5!tical digression1 v]s4 #bj-bc4 ,apo/ate ,judah is address$4 ,! judgm5t ^u h] k+s is n "o ) :i* %e has no?+ to d1 z little z _! guilt belongs to !m z individuals only4 ,x is1 at ! same "t a judgm5t ^u ! p :i*1 by ! ,"l's ang] :i* !y h call$ =? by _! wick$ness1 is ?r[n d[n into ! dep?1 f ! height on :i* ! ,"l's m]cy _h rais$ !m4--,next foll[s ,jehoia*91 v]s4 #bd-cj4 ,9 8 "n ,! ,"l w e/abli%1 ! ^w w has no f\ndation2 ! ,"l w reject him1 ca/ him away1 & break him 9 pieces l a wor?less vessel4 ,) 8 "m1 he %all be c>ri$ away f 8 native l&1 & die 9 exile & captivity4 ,irrevocable is ! ,"l's decree1 t none ( 8 sons %all asc5d ! ?rone ( ,david1 s t he1 hav+ begott5 *ildr5 9 va91 is to be e/eem$ z "o :o is *ildless4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! section "u consid]ation 7v]s4 #a & #b71 ! cont5ts ( *ap4 xxii4 are compreh5d$ into "o s5t5ce4 ,woe to ! %eph]ds t de/roy & scatt] ! flock ( ! ,"l4 ,woe1 !n1 to ^? %eph]ds :o h done s4 ,) ?is is !n1 9 v]s4 #c-h1 connect$ ! ann\ncem5t ( salvation = ! poor scatt]$ flock4 ,= ! same reason1 t ! ,"l visits ^u ^? :o h hi!rto be5 _! %eph]ds1 ! wick$ness ( _! do+s--viz41 because ( ,8 be+ ! *ief ,%eph]d1 or because ( ,8 cov5ant-fai?fulness1 ,he w 9 m]cy rememb] !m also1 ga!r !m f _! disp]sion1 give1 in/ead ( ! bad %eph]ds1 a good "o1 viz41 ! long promis$ & long$ = great desc5dant ( ,david1 :o1 be+ a righte\s ,k+1 %all diffuse ju/ice & righte\sness 9 ! l&1 & ?us ,pg #djj acquire = x righte\sness & salvation f ! ,"l4 ,s great %all ! m]cy ( ! ,future be1 t !reby ! greate/ m]cy 9 ! p's pa/ hi/ory--_! deliv]ance out ( ,egypt--%all be altoge!r ca/ into ! %ade4 ,!re _c be any d\bt t ! :ole prophecy belongs to ! reign ( ,jehoiakim2 = ! end ( ,jehoiakim & ! fate ( ,jehoia*9 are ann\nc$ z future ev5ts4 ,ei*horn ass]ts t ?is section 0 compos$ "u ,z$ekiah2 b he c\ld d s only by proce$+ f 8 errone\s fundam5tal view1 t ! prophecies are veil$ descriptions ( hi/orical ev5ts4 ,:5 ,j]emiah--s he says--deliv]$ ?is disc\rse1 ,jehoiakim _h n only already met 8 ignom9i\s end 7xxii4 #ai71 b ,jeconiah also 01 ) 8 "m1 already c>ri$ away captive to ,babylon4 ,x is matt] ( a/oni%m5t t ,dahl]1 )\t hold+ ! same fundam5tal view1 c\ld yet adopt its result4 ,he specially ref]s to ! circum/ance t1 9 v]4 #bd1 ,jehoia*9 is address$ z k+1--a circum/ance by :i* ,b]?old also supports 8 view1 :o1 cutt+ ! knot1 advances ! position t v]s4 #a-ai belong to ! reign ( ,jehoiakim1 b v]s4 #bj--xxxii4 #h to ! "t :5 ,jehoia*9 0 c>ri$ away to ,babylon4 7,maur] & ,hitzig too suppose t v]s4 #bj ff4 7 add$ at a lat] p]iod1 "u ! reign ( ,jehoia*974 ,b :at difficulty is !re 9 suppos+ t ! ,prophet transf]s himself into ! "t1 :5 he :o is n[ a h]$it>y pr9ce w be k+1--( :i* ! address is !n a simple consequ5ce8 ,x is und5iable t a connection ) *ap4 xxi4 takes place1 9 :i* *apt] ,j]emiah ann\nces to ,z$ekiah1 ?reat5$ by ! ,*aldeans1 ! fall ( ! ,davidic h\se1 & ! capture & de/ruction ( ! city4 ,& ?is connection is to be acc\nt$ = by ! fact t ,j]emiah "h connects ) ?is ann\ncem5t a =m] prophecy1 9 :i*1 "u ! reign ( ,jehoiakim1 he _h =etold ! fall ( ! ,davidic h\se4 ,! fate ( ! h\se ( ,david is ! subject common to bo? ! disc\rses4 ,kp] 7,j]emias1 libror4 ,sacror4 int]pres1 p4 #eh71 supposes t1 9 ! message to ,z$ekiah1 ,j]emiah _h1 at t "t1 repeat$ 8 =m] ann\ncem5t2 b ?is supposition is oppos$ by ! circum/ance t1 9 *aps4 xxii41 xxiii41 !re is no trace ( a ref]5ce to ,z$ekiah & 8 embassy4 ,ewald ass]ts t ,j]emiah ,pg #dja "h only puts toge!r :at p]haps he _h =m]ly spok5 reg>d+ ! ?ree k+s2 b ! words 9 *ap4 xxii4 #a3 ,g d[n into ! h\se ( ! k+ ( ,judah & speak !re ?is ^w1 is conclusive aga9/ ?is ass]tion4 ,=1 accord+ to ^! words1 we h "h n some?+ put toge!r1 b a disc\rse :i* 0 deliv]$ at a di/9ct1 def9ite "t2 al?\gh no?+ prev5ts u f suppos+ t ! go+ d[n 0 done 9 ! ,_s only4 ,we h "h /ill to make an inve/igation conc]n+ ! names ( ! ?ree k+s occurr+ 9 *ap4 xxii41 ! result ( :i* is ( importance = ! exposition ( v]4 #e4--;,x _c b appe> /range t ! same k+ :o1 9 ! ,book ( ! ,k+s1 is call$ ,jehoahaz1 is "h call$ ,%allum only2 t ! same :o is !re call$ ,jehoia*91 has "h ! "n ( ,jeconias1 :i* is abbreviat$ into ,conias4 ,! curr5t supposition is1 t ! two k+s _h two names ea*4 ,b ?is supposition is unsatisfactory1 because1 by ! context 9 :i* !y /&1 ! names employ$ by ,j]emiah too cle>ly appe> z nom9a realia1 z new names giv5 to !m by :i* ! contra/ betwe5 ! "n & ?+ 0 to be remov$1 & h5ce are evid5tly ( ! same nature ) ! nom5 reale ( ! good ,%eph]d 9 *ap4 xxiii4 #f1 :i*1 ) q ! same "r1 c\ld h be5 *ang$ into a nom5 proprium 9 ! prop] s5se1 z has1 inde$1 be5 done by ! ,,lxx4 ,! num]\s passages 9 ! prophets1 :]e ! "n occurs z a designation ( ! nature & "*1 e4g41 ,is4 ix4 #e1 lxii4 #d2 ,j]4 xxxiii4 #af2 ,ezek4 xlviii4 #ce1 pla9ly %[ t a "n :i* has m]ely a prophetical w>rant 7& su* an "o alone takes place "h1 al?\gh ! "n ,%allum occurs also 9 #a ,*ron4 iii4 #ae 9 ! hi/orical repres5tation itself1 h[ev]1 ,jehoahaz is us$ 9 ! ,book ( ,k+s1 & #b ,*ron4 xxxvi4 #a1 & ! "n ,jeconias likewise 9 #a ,*ron4 iii4 #af1 :ile ,jehoiakim is f\nd n only 9 ! ,book ( ,k+s1 b also 9 ,ezek4 i4 #b2 = x is q possible t ^? lat] writ]s may h drawn f ,j]emiah71 _c simply be consid]$ z a nom5 proprium2 b1 on ! contr>y1 t !re is a /rong probability t x is n s4 ,& ?is probability becomes c]ta9ty :5 t "n occurs1 ei!r alone1 z e4g41 ,%allum1 or fir/1 z ,jeconiah1 7:i* occurs aga9 9 *ap4 xxiv4 #a1 xxvii4 #bj2 ! abbreviat$ ,pg #djb ,coniah 9 xxxvii4 #a1 :ile1 :i* is well to be obs]v$1 we h 9 ! hi/orical acc\nt1 *ap4 lii4 #ca1 ,jehoia*97 9 a context1 su* z t "u consid]ation2 especially :5 ?is ph5om5on occurs 9 a prophet su* z ,j]emiah1 9 :om1 else:]e also1 _m traces ( holy wit1 & ev5 punn+1 c be po9t$ out4--,) ref]5ce to ! calamity :i* m & m ?reat5$ ,judah1 pi\s ,josiah _h giv5 to 8 sons names1 :i* ann\nc$ salvation4 ,accord+ to 8 wi%1 ^! names %\ld be z _m actual prophecies1 & w\ld1 inde$1 h prov$ !mselves to be su*1 unless !y :o bore !m _h made !m ( no avail by _! apo/acy f ! ,"l1 & _h ?us br\ght ab\t ! mo/ gl>+ contra/ betwe5 idea & reality4 ,t comes out fir/ 9 ! case ( ,jehoahaz4 ,he :om ! ,"l %\ld hold1 0 viol5tly & irresi/ibly c>ri$ away to ,egypt4 ,! ,prophet1 !re=e1 calls him ,%allum1 i4e41 ! recomp5s$1--n retribution1 z ,hill]1 ,simonis1 & ,ro$ig] ?9k1 nor retributor accord+ to ,fr/ 7comp4 ,ewald #aed;d72 ! same :o1 9 #a ,*ron4 v4 #ch1 is call$ ,%allum1 is 9 #a ,*ron4 ix4 #aa1 call$ ,me%ullam--he ^u :om ! ,"l has visit$ ! wick$ness ( 8 de$s4--,z reg>ds ! "n ,jehoiakim & ,jehoia*91 we mu/1 above all ?+s1 keep 9 view ! relation ( ^! names to ! promise giv5 to ,david4 ,9 #b ,sam4 vii4 #ab x is said3 ,& ,i cause to rise up 7,hebrew3 vhqimti7 ?y se$ aft] !e1 :i* %all proce$ out ( ?y b[els1 & ,i w e/abli% 7,hebrew3 vhk9ti7 8 k+dom4 ,?is passage conta9s ! gr\nd ( bo? names2 & ?is is ! m easily expla9$1 s9ce bo? ( !m h "o au?or1 ,jehoiakim4 ,ev5 8 =m] "n ,eliakim _h probably be5 giv5 to him by 8 fa!r ,josiah ) a view to ! promise4 ,:5 ,ph>aoh1 h[ev]1 desir$ him to *ange 8 "n--z ! "n itself %[s1 we _c b supply1 9 #b ,k+s xxiii4 #ca1 su* a reque/ to a proposal :i* 0 aft]w>ds approv$ ( by ,ph>aoh--he p]=m$ t *ange 9 su* a mann] z to br+ x into a /ill ne>] relation to ! promise1 9 :i*1 n ,el1 b ,jehovah1 is expressly m5tion$ z ,he :o promis$2 & inde$ ! matt] proce$$ f ,jehovah1 ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,z1 h[ev]1 f ! :ole "* ( ,jehoiakim1 we _c suppose t ! tw(old nam+ proce$$ f true piety1 no?+ is m natural ,pg #djc ?an to acc\nt = x f an opposition to ! prophets4 ,! c5tre ( _! ann\ncem5ts 0 =m$ by ! imp5d+ calamity f ! ,nor?1 & ! decl9e ( ! ,davidic family4 ,! promise giv5 to ,david %all inde$ be fulfill$ 9 ! ,messiah2 b n till aft] a previ\s deep abasem5t4 ,jehoiakim mock+ at ^! ?reat5+s1 means to transf] ! salvation f ! future into ! pres5t4 ,9 8 own "n1 & t ( 8 son1 he pres5t$ a /&+ prote/ to ! prophetic ann\ncem5t2 & ?is prote/ c\ld n b call =? a c\nt]-prote/1 :i* we f9d express$ 9 ! prophecy "u consid]ation4 ,! ,prophet fir/ ov]?r[s ! false int]pretation3 ,jehoiakim is n ,jehoiakim1 & ,jehoia*9 is n ,jehoia*91 *ap4 xxii42 he !n re/ores ! "r int]pretation3 ! true ,jehoiakim is1 & rema9s1 ! ,messiah1 *ap4 xxiii4 #e4 ,z reg>ds ! fir/ po9t1 he4 9 ! case ( ,jehoiakim1 cont5ts himself ) ! actual contra/1 & omits to sub/itute a truly significant "n = ! usurp$ "o1 :i* may mo/ easily be acc\nt$ = f ! circum/ance1 t he ?\ght x to be unsuitable to ex]cise any k9d ( wit1 ev5 holy wit1 aga9/ ! !n reign+ k+4 ,b ! case is diff]5t ) reg>d to ,jehoia*94 ,! fir/ *ange ( ! "n into ,jeconiah has its cause n 9 itself2 ! two names h q ! same mean+2 x _h respect to ! second *ange into ,coniah only4 ,9 ,jeconiah we h ! ,future2 & ?is is put fir/1 9 ord] t1 by cutt+ (f ! ,hebrew3 i1 ! sign ( ! ,future1 he might cut (f hope2 a ,jeconiah )\t ! ,hebrew3 i says only ,god e/abli%es1 b n t ,he w e/abli%4 ,9 ref]5ce to ^! names1 ,grotius came ne> ! tru?2 b he err$ 9 ! ne>] det]m9ation1 because he did n see ! true /ate ( ! matt]2 s t1 accord+ to him1 x am\nts to a m]e play3 ,! ,jod1 he says1 ) :i* ! "n beg9s1 is tak5 away1 to intimate t 8 head %all be dim9i%$2 & a ,vav is add$ at ! end z a sign ( contempt1 q4d4 t ,coniah6 ,lightfoot comes ne>] to ! tru?2 yet ev5 he 0 n able to ga9 ass5t to x 7comp>e aga9/ him ,hill] & ,simonis :o ?\ght 8 views sc>cely wor? refut+71 because he took an "o-sid$ view4 ,he rem>ks 7,h>mon4 p4 #bge73 ,by tak+ away ! fir/ syllable1 ,god intimat$ t ,he w\ld n e/abli% to ! prog5y ( ,solomon ! ,pg #djd un9t]rupt$ gov]nm5t & royal dignity1 z ,jehoiakim1 by giv+ t "n to 8 son1 seems to h expect$4 ,besides ^! two1 comp>e f>!r1 ,alt+1 de ,cabbala sacra #gc4 ,9 conclusion1 we mu/ /ill direct att5tion to *ap4 xx4 #c4 ,:o1 inde$1 c\ld inf] f t passage1 t1 by way ( *ange1 ,pa%ur 0 call$ also ,magor-,missabib8 ,*ap4 xxiii4 #a4 ,woe to %eph]ds t de/roy & scatt] ! %eep ( my pa/ure1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,x mu/ be well obs]v$ t ,hebrew3 rei,m is "h )\t ! article1 b1 9 v]4 #b1 ) x4 ,v5ema rem>ks on ?is3 ,a g5]al woe ^u bad %eph]ds is premis$1 :i* is soon appli$ to ! %eph]ds ( ,judah1 q4d41 s9ce ,jehovah has d5\nc$ a woe ^u all bad %eph]ds1 !re=e ye bad %eph]ds1 c4 ,by ! %eph]ds1 sev]al int]pret]s w\ld und]/& only ! false prophets & prie/s4 ,o!rs w\ld at lea/ h !m ?\ght (1 along ) ! k+s4 ,?is view has ex]cis$ an injuri\s influ5ce ^u ! und]/&+ ( ! subsequ5t ,messianic ann\ncem5t1 inasmu* z x occasion$ ! introduction into x ( features :i* are altoge!r =eign to x4 ,x is only :5 x is p]ceiv$1 t ! bad %eph]ds ref] to ! k+s exclusively1 t x is se5 t1 9 ! description ( ! good ,%eph]d1 t only is applicable :i* has ref]5ce to ,him z a ,k+4 ,b ! v circum/ance t1 accord+ to a correct int]pretation1 no?+ else is f\nd 9 ?is description1 is a suffici5t pro( t1 by ! bad %eph]ds1 ! k+s only c be und]/ood4 ,b all d\bt is remov$ :5 we consid] ! close connection ( ! v]ses "u consid]ation ) *ap4 xxii4 ,9 comm5t+ ^u *ap4 iii4 #ae1 we saw t1 ord9>ily1 rul]s only are designat$ by ! %eph]ds2 comp>e1 f>!r1 *ap4 xxv4 #cd-cf1 & ! imitation & fir/ int]pretation ( ! passage "u review by ,ezekiel1 9 *ap4 xxxiv4 ,ps4 lxxviii4 #gj1 #ga3 ,he *ose ,david 8 s]vant1 & took him f ! %eep-folds4 ,he took him f beh9d ! ewes to fe$ ,jacob1 ,8 p1 & ,israel1 ,8 inh]itance1 %[s t a typical int]pretation ( ! =m] circum/ances ( ,david lies at ! f\ndation ( ?is usus loqu5di2 comp>e ,ezek4 xxxiv4 #bc1 #bd3 ,& ,i raise ov] !m "o ,%eph]d1 & he fe$e? !m1 my s]vant ,david2 he %all fe$ !m1 & he %all be ,pg #dje _! %eph]d4--,:at is to be und]/ood by ! de/roy+ & scatt]+1 mu/ be det]m9$ p>tly f v]4 #c & v]s4 #ac ff4 ( ! prec$+ *apt]2 p>tly f v]4 #c ( ! *apt] be=e u4 ,! =m] passages %[ t ! acts ( viol5ce ( ! k+s1 _! oppressions & extortions1 come "h into consid]ation 7comp>e ,ezek4 xxxiv4 #b1 #c3 ,woe be to ! %eph]ds ( ,israel t d fe$ !mselves6 ,%\ld n ! %eph]ds fe$ ! flocks8 ,ye eat ! fat1 & ye clo! y ) ! wool1 ye kill !m t are f$1 c41 & ) =ce & ) cruelty ye rule !m71 :ile ! latt] passage %[s t x is *iefly ! heavie/ guilt ( ! k+s :i* comes into consid]ation1 viz41 all t by :i* !y became ! cause ( ! p's be+ c>ri$ away into captivity4 ,to ?is belong$1 besides _! fooli% political c\nsels1 :i* 7 bas$ ^u ungodl9ess 7comp4 *ap4 x4 #ba71 ! negative 7,v5ema3 ,x 0 _! duty to take c>e t ! true religion1 ! spiritual food ( ! p1 0 rightly & prop]ly ex]cis$71 & positive promotion ( ungodl9ess1 & ( immorality proce$+ f x1 by :i* ! div9e judgm5ts 7 =cibly drawn d[n4 ,x is 9 ?is contra/ ( idea & reality 7,calv93 ,x is a contradiction t ! %eph]d %\ld be a de/roy]71 t ! woe has its f\ndation1 & t ! m1 t x is po9t$ out t ! flock1 :i* !y de/roy & scatt]1 is ,god's flock4 7,calv93 ,god intimates t1 by ! unwor?y scatt]+ ( ! flock1 an atroci\s injury _h be5 committ$ aga9/ himself7 ,hebrew3 ca,n mreiti mu/ n be expla9$ by3 ! flock ( my fe$+1 i4e41 :i* ,i fe$4 ,=1 :]ev] ,hebrew3 mreit occurs by itself1 x always has ! signification pa/ure1 b nev] ! signification pa/io1 pa/us commonly assign$ to x4 ,?is signification1 :i* is q 9 agreem5t ) ! =m ( ! ^w1 mu/ !re=e be reta9$ 9 ^? passages also :]e x occurs 9 connection ) ,hebrew3 ca,n1 :5 x always d5otes ! relation ( ,israel to ,god4 ,israel is call$ ! flock ( ,god's pa/ure1 because ,he has giv5 to !m ! f]tile ,canaan z _! possession1 comp>e my rem>ks on ,ps4 lxxiv4 #a4 ,x is1 at fir/ sight1 /range t a guilt ( ! rul]s only is spok5 (1 & n a guilt ( ! p2 = e m se>*+ consid]ation %[s t bo? are insep>able f "o ano!r2 t bad rul]s proce$ f ! developm5t ( ! nation1 & are1 at ! same "t1 a puni%m5t ,pg #djf ( its wick$ness s5t by ,god4 ,b ! fact is easily acc\nt$ =1 if only we keep 9 m9d t ! ,prophet _h "h to d ) ! k+s only1 & n ) ! p4 ,to !m x c\ld n s]ve = an excuse t _! wick$ness 0 naturally connect$ ) t ( ! p4 ,?is natural connection 0 n by any means a necess>y "o1 z appe>s f ! example ( a ,josiah1 9 ^: case x 0 brok5 ?r\gh by div9e grace4 ,nor 7 !y ju/ifi$ by ! circum/ance1 t !y 7 rods ( *a/isem5t 9 ! h& ( ,god4 ,to ?is ! ,prophet himself alludes1 by sub/itut+1 9 v]4 #c3 ,i h driv5 away1 = y h driv5 away1 9 v]4 #b4 ,all :i* !y _h to d1 0 to att5d to _! vocation & duty2 ! c>ry+ out ( ,god's c\nsels belong$ to ,him alone4 ,f :at we h rem>k$1 x pla9ly foll[s t we w\ld altoge!r misund]/& ! expression flock ( my pa/ure1 if we 7 to inf] f x a contra/ ( ! innoc5t p ) ! guilty k+s4 ,calv9 rem>ks3 ,9 %ort1 :5 ,god calls ! ,jews ! flock ( ,8 pa/ure1 ,he has no respect to _! condition1 or to :at !y h des]v$1 b r comm5ds ,8 grace :i* ,he has be/[$ ^u ! se$ ( ,abraham4 ,! k+s h no?+ to d ) ! moral condition ( ! p2 !y h to look only to ,god's cov5ant ) !m1 :i* is = !m a s\rce ( obligations s mu* ! great] & m b9d+ ?an ! obligations ( hea!n k+s1 z ,jehovah is m glori\s ?an ,elohim4 ,! moral condition ( ! p does1 to a c]ta9 degree1 n ev5 conc]n ,god2 h[ bad soev] x is1 ,he looks to ,8 cov5ant2 & :5 m deeply view$1 ev5 ! outw>d scatt]+ ( ! flock is a ga!r+4 ,v]4 #b4 ,!re=e ?us sai? ! ,"l ! ,god ( ,israel1 aga9/ ! %eph]ds t fe$ my p3 ,ye h scatt]$ my flock & driv5 !m away1 & h n visit$ !m2 behold1 ,i visit ^u y ! wick$ness ( y\r do+s1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,9 ! designation ( ,god z ,jehovah ! ,god ( ,israel1 !re is already impli$ t :i* aft]w>ds is expressly said4 ,because ,god is ,jehovah1 ! ,god ( ,israel1 ! crime ( ! k+s is1 at ! same "t1 a sacrilegium2 !y h desecrat$ ,god4 ,x 0 j "h t x 0 necess>y prom95tly to po9t out ! fact1 t ! p /ill cont9u$ to ,pg #djg be ,god's p4 ,9 ano!r v important aspect1 !y 7 inde$ call$ ,lo-,ammi 7,hos4 i4 #i72 b t aspect did n "h come into consid]ation4 ,calv93 ,!y _h e/rang$ !mselves f ,god2 & ,he too _h1 9 ,8 decree1 already r5\nc$ !m4 ,b1 9 "o respect1 ,god might consid] !m z ali5s1 :ile1 9 respect to ,8 cov5ant1 ,he /ill ackn[l$g$ !m z ,81 & h5ce ,he calls !m ,8 p4--,! words t fe$ my p1 r5d] ! idea /ill m prom95t & emphatic ?an ! simple ! %eph]ds w\ld h done1 & h5ce s]ve to make m gl>+ ! contra/ pres5t$ by ! reality4 ,! words y h n visit$ !m1 seem1 at fir/ sight1 s9ce grav] *>ges h be5 m5tion$ be=e1 to be feeble4 ,b t :i* !y did1 appe>s 9 its :ole he9\sness only by t :i* !y did n1 b :i*1 accord+ to _! vocation1 !y ought to h done4 ,?is ref]5ce to _! de/9ation imp>ts ! greate/ sev]ity to ! app>5tly mild repro( ,simil> is ,ezek4 xxxiv4 #c3 ,ye eat ! fat1 & ye clo! y ) ! wool1 ye kill !m t are f$1 & ye fe$ n ! flock4 ,! visit+ =ms ! g5]al f\ndation ( e s+le activity ( ! %eph]d1 s t ! ,hebrew3 la pqdt,m compreh5ds )9 itself all t :i* ,ezekiel p>ticul>ly m5tions 9 *ap4 xxxiv4 #d3 ,! weak ye /r5g!n n1 & ! sick ye heal n1 & ! w\nd$ ye b9d n up1 & ! scatt]$ ye br+ n back1 & ! p]i%+ ye seek n4--,! words3 ! wick$ness ( y\r do+s1 look back to ,deut4 xxviii4 #bj3 ,! ,"l %all s5d ^u !e curse1 t]ror1 & ru9 9 all ?y und]tak+s1 until ?\ be de/roy$1 & until ?\ p]i% quickly1 because ( ! wick$ness ( ?y do+s1 t ?\ ha/ =sak5 me4 ,! g5tle allusion to t fe>ful ?reat5+ 9 t portion ( ! ,p5tateu*1 :i* 0 ! be/ kn[n ( all1 0 suffici5t to make e "o supplem5t f x t1 :i* 0 !re actually & expressly utt]$4 ,su* an allusion to t passage ( ,deut]onomy c be trac$ out1 :]ev] ! phrase ,hebrew3 re melli,m occurs1 :i*1 9 lat] times1 _h become obsolete2 comp>e *ap4 iv4 #d & xxi4 #ab 79 bo? ( ^! passages ,hebrew3 mpni1 too1 is introduc$72 ,is4 i4 #af2 ,ps4 xxviii4 #d2 ,hos4 ix4 #ae4 ,v]4 #c4 ,& ,i w ga!r ! remnant ( my flock out ( all ! c\ntries :i!r ,i h driv5 !m away1 & ,i ,pg #djh br+ !m back aga9 to _! folds1 & !y are fruitful & increase4 ,comp>e *ap4 xxix4 #ad1 xxxi4 #h1 #aj2 ,ezek4 xxxiv4 #ab1 #ac3 ,z a %eph]d looke? aft] 8 flock 9 ! day t he is 9 ! mid/ ( 8 flock1 ! scatt]$1 s w ,i look aft] my flock1 & ,i deliv] !m out ( all ! places1 :]e !y h be5 scatt]$ 9 ! day ( cl\ds & ( d>kness4 ,& ,i br+ !m out f ! nations1 & ga!r !m f ! c\ntries1 & br+ !m to _! l&1 & fe$ !m ^u ! m\nta9s ( ,israel1 9 ! valleys1 & 9 all ! dwell+ places ( ! l&4--,a spiritless cl++ to ! lett] has1 "h too1 l$ sev]al int]pret]s to suppose1 t ! ,prophet _h "h 9 view m]ely ! return f ! ,babyloni% captivity1 & p]haps1 also1 ! bless+s ( ! times ( ! ,maccabees1 besides & 9 addition to x4 ,altoge!r ap>t f ! consid]ation t1 9 t case1 ! fulfilm5t w\ld v little correspond to ! promise1--=1 to ! return+ ones1 ,canaan 0 too little ! l& ( ,god to all[ ( our see+1 9 ?is return1 ! :ole fulfilm5t ( ,god's promise--we c1 f ! context1 easily demon/rate ! opposite4 ,) ! ga!r+ & br++ back appe>s1 9 v]4 #d1 closely connect$ ! rais+ ( ! good %eph]ds2 & accord+ to v]4 #e1 t promise is to f9d1 if n its sole fulfilm5t1 at all ev5ts its sub/ance & c5tre1 9 ! rais+ ( ,david's righte\s ,bran*1 ! ,messiah4 ,& f v]s4 #g1 #h1 x appe>s t x is "h altoge!r inadmissible to suppose t ^! ev5ts w take place1 "o aft] ! o!r4 ,! p>ticle ,hebrew3 lk,n ) :i* ^! v]ses beg91 & :i* ref]s to ! :ole sum & sub/ance ( ! prec$+ promises1 %[s t ! br++ back f ! captivity1 & ! rais+ ( ! ,messiah1 _c1 by any means1 be sep>at$ f "o ano!r2 & to ! same result we are l$ by ! cont5ts ( ! two v]ses also4 ,h[ inde$ c\ld x be said ( ! bodily br++ back f ! captivity1 t x w\ld f> out%9e ! =m] deliv]ance f ,egypt1 & w\ld cause x to be altoge!r =gott58 ,! correct view 0 /at$ z e>ly z by ,calv91 :o says3 ,!re is no d\bt t ! ,prophet has 9 view1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! free return ( ! p2 b ,*ri/ mu/ n be sep>at$ f ?is bless+ ( ! deliv]ance1 =1 o!rwise1 x w\ld be difficult to ,pg #dji %[ ! fulfilm5t ( ?is prophecy4 ,! "r ( ?us assum+ a concurr5t ref]5ce to ,*ri/ is af=d$ to u by ! circum/ance1 t ,canaan _h su* a high value = ,israel1 n because x 0 its fa!rl& 9 ! l[] s5se1 b because x 0 ! l& ( ,god1 ! place :]e ,8 glory dwelt4 ,f ?is x foll[s t a bodily return 0 to ! cov5ant-p ( value1 9 s f> only z ,god manife/$ himself z ! ,god ( ! l&4 ,& s9ce1 be=e ,*ri/1 ?is 0 done 9 a mann] v imp]fect1 z comp>$ ) :at 0 impli$ 9 ! idea1 ! value ( su* a return c\ld n be o!rwise ?an v subord9ate4 ,& 9 l mann]1 x foll[s f x1 t ! ga!r+ & br++ back by ,*ri/ is includ$ 9 ! promise4 ,= :]ev] ,god is1 !re is ,canaan4 ,:e!r x be ! old fold1 or a new "o1 is surely ( v little consequ5ce1 if only ! good ,%eph]d be 9 ! mid/ ( ,8 %eep4 ,z a rule1 su* ext]nalities lie )\t ! compass ( prophecy1 :i*1 hav+ 9 view ! sub/ance1 ref]s1 z to ! way ( its manife/ation1 to hi/ory4 ,into :at ridicul\s ass]tions a false cl++ to ! lett] may lead1 appe>s f rem>ks su* z ^? ( ,grotius on ! second hemi/i* ( ! foll[+ v]se3 ,!y %all live 9 security "u ! p[]ful protection ( ! ,p]sian k+s4 ,protection by ! _w1 & oppression by ! _w1 diff]$ v slightly only1 9 ! case ( ! cov5ant-p4 ,! circum/ance t ,g5tiles rul$ ov] !m at all1 0 j t :i* griev$ !m2 & ?is grief mu/ !re=e cont9ue 7comp>e ,neh4 ix4 #cf1 #cg71 al?\gh1 by ! grace ( ,god1 a mild rule _h tak5 ! place ( ! =m] sev]e "o2 = ?is grace ( ,god _h its prop] value only z a prophecy & pl$ge ( a future great] "o4 ,! circum/ance t x is to ! remnant only t ! ga!r+ is promis$ 7comp>e ,is4 x4 #bb2 ,rom4 ix4 #bg71 po9ts to ! tru?1 t ! div9e m]cy w be accompani$ ) ju/ice4 ,calv9 rem>ks on ?is po9t3 ,! ,prophet aga9 confirms :at ,i =m]ly said1 viz41 m]cy %all n be ex]cis$ until ,he has cleans$ ,8 ,*ur* ( fil?9ess1 s great & s horrid1 9 :i* %e at t "t ab\nd$4 ,"o mu/ bew>e ( ex*ang+ ! ,scriptural hope ( a conv]sion ( ,israel on a l>ge scale1 9 contra/ to ! small ,greek3 eklog at ! "t ( ,*ri/ & ! ,apo/les1 = ! hope ( a g5]al conv]sion 9 ! /rict s5se4 ,pg #daj ,:5 consid]+ ! relation ( ,god to ! free human nature1 ! latt] is absolutely impossible4 ,:5 consi/5tly c>ri$ out1 x necess>ily leads to ! doctr9e ( univ]sal re/oration4 ,x is beyond d\bt1 t ,god wills t all m5 %\ld be sav$2 & x w\ld necess>ily foll[ t all m5 c\ld be sav$1 if all ! memb]s ( "o nation c\ld be sav$4 ,!re is no ^w ( ,scripture 9 fav\r ( x1 except ! ,greek3 pas 9 ,paul1 :i* mu/ j be int]pret$ & qualifi$ by ! contra/ to ! small ,greek3 eklog1 :ile !re are oppos$ to x a numb] ( decl>ations ( ,scripture1--especially all ^? passages ( ! prophets :]e1 to ! remnant1 to ! escap$ ones ( ,israel only1 salvation is promis$4 ,&1 besides ! ,^w ( ,god1 !re are oppos$ to x ,8 de$s also1--especially ! great typical prefiguration ( ?+s spiritual by ?+s ext]nal at ! deliv]ance ( ! p f ,egypt1 :5 ! remnant only came to ,canaan1 :ile ! bodies ( ?\s&s fell 9 ! wild]ness2 & no less at ! deliv]ance f ,babylon1 :5 by f> ! greate/ numb] pref]r$ ! tempor>y delight 9 s9 to delight 9 ! ,"l 9 ,8 l&4 ,v]4 #d4 ,& ,i raise %eph]ds ov] !m1 & !y fe$ !m2 & !y %all fe> no m1 nor be t]rifi$1 nei!r be lo/1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,ev5 "h1 ! ref]5ce to #b ,sam4 vii4 #ab1 & to ! "n ( ,jehoiakim1 is manife/1 al?\gh1 9 ! subsequ5t v]se1 x appe>s /ill m di/9ctly1 comp>e p4 #dja4 ,?is ref]5ce also is a pro( 9 fav\r ( ?is prophecy's hav+ be5 writt5 "u ,jehoiakim4 ,! ref]5ce 01 at t "t1 easily und]/ood by e "o2 ev5 ! slighte/ allusion 0 suffici5t4 ,?is ref]5ce f>!r %[s t ,v5ema1 & sev]al o!rs :o prec$$ him 9 ?is view1 are wrong 9 "h ?9k+ ( ! ,maccabees4 ,^! are "h q out ( ! "q1 inasmu* z !y 7 n desc5d$ f ,david4 ,besides ! contra/ betwe5 ! p's apo/acy & ,god's cov5ant-fai?fulness1 ! ,prophet evid5tly has /ill ano!r 9 view1 viz41 t betwe5 ! apo/acy ( ! ,davidic h\se1 & ,god's fai?fulness 9 ! fulfilm5t ( ! promise giv5 to ,david4 ,! s+le apo/ate memb]s ( ?is family are de/roy$1 al?\gh1 appropriat+ to !mselves ! promise1 !y1 9 _! names1 promise deliv]ance & salvation to ,pg #daa !mselves4 ,b f ! family itself1 ,god's grace _c dep>t2 j because ,jehovah is ,god1 a true ,jehoiakim & ,jehoia*9 mu/ rise out ( x4 ,x ?us appe>s t ! ,maccabees are "h z little ref]r$ to z ,ezra & ,nehemiah1 ( :om ,grotius ?9ks4 ,mu* /rong] gr\nd is !re = ?9k+ ( ,z]ubbabel1 = 8 appe>ance _h really "s ref]5ce to ! promise to ,david1 al?\gh z a weak type & prelude only ( ! true fulfilm5t1 to :i* he occupies ! same relation1 z does ! ga!r+ f ! ,babyloni% captivity to ! ga!r+ by ,*ri/4 ,if1 aft] all1 we wi% to urge ! ,plural1 we mu/ n1 by any means1 sev] our v]se f v]4 #e1 & decl>e ?is to be ! s5se3 fir/ w ,i raise up to y %eph]ds2 !n1 ! ,messiah4 ,we mu/1 9 t case1 foll[+ ,c4 ,b4 ,mi*aelis1 r supplem5t3 specially "o1 ! ,messiah4 ,9 none ( ,j]emiah's prophecies are !re diff]5t /ages & degrees 9 ! salvation2 ev]y:]e he has 9 8 view ! :ole 9 its completion4 ,:]e ?is is ov]look$1 ! :ole int]pretation mu/ necess>ily take a wrong direction1 z is mo/ cle>ly se5 9 ! case ( ,v5ema4 ,b !re is no reason at all = lay+ s mu* /ress on ! ,plural4 ,e ,plural may be us$ = designat+ ! idea ( ! :ole species2 & ?is k9d ( designation 0 "h s mu* ! m obvi\s1 t ! bad species1 ) :i* ! good is "h contra/$1 consi/$ ( a s]ies ( individuals4 ,) ! bad pa/oral (fice1 ! ,prophet "h fir/ contra/s ! good "o2 !n he gives1 9 v]4 #e1 a m detail$ description ( ! individual :o is to repres5t ! species1 9 :om ! idea ( ! species is to be completely realis$4 ,! correctness ( ?is int]pretation is confirm$ by ! comp>ison ( ! p>allel passage 9 *ap4 xxxiii4 #ae1 :i*1 almo/ v]batim1 agrees ) t "u consid]ation1 & 9 :i* only "o desc5dant ( ,david1 viz41 ! ,messiah1 is spok5 ( ,& t is q natural2 =1 9 t passage1 !re is no anti!sis to ! bad %eph]ds1 :i* 0 ! cause t "h1 at fir/1 ! species 0 made prom95t4 ,& ano!r confirmation is af=d$ by ,ezek4 xxxiv4 ,) him1 too1 "o good %eph]d is m5tion$ 9 contra/ ) ! bad %eph]ds4--,! words3 ,& !y fe$ !m /& 9 contra/ to ,:o fe$ my p1 9 v]4 #b4 ,! %eph]ds m5tion$ 9 v]4 #b ought to fe$ ! flock2 b1 in/ead ( do+ ,pg #dab t1 !y fe$ !mselves 7comp>e ,ezek4 xxxiv4 #b72 ! %eph]ds1 h[ev]1 m5tion$ 9 our v]se1 really fe$4 ,! =m] are %eph]ds 9 "n only1 b1 9 reality1 wolves2 ! latt] are %eph]ds1 bo? 9 "n & reality4 ,hebrew3 pqd mu/ be tak5 9 ! signification to be miss+1 lack+4 7,comp>e ! ,rem>ks on *ap4 iii4 #af47 ,!re is an allusion to ,hebrew3 la pqdt,m 9 v]4 #b4 ,because ! bad %eph]d does n visit1 ! %eep are n s\ght1 q4d41 !y are lo/2 b ^? :o did n visit1 are n[1 9 a v disagreeable mann]1 visit$ by ,god 7,hebrew3 pqd elik,m72 ! good %eph]d visits1 &1 !re=e1 ! %eep ne$ n be s\ght4 ,! clause3 ,!y %all fe> no m1 nor be t]rifi$1 receives its explanation f ,ezek4 xxxiv4 #h3 ,because my flock are a prey1 & meat to e bea/ ( ! field1 because !y h no %eph]d1 & because my %eph]ds d n conc]n !mselves ) ! flock4 ,v]4 #e4 ,behold ! days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 & ,i raise unto ,david a righte\s ,bran*1 & ,he rule? z a ,k+1 & acte? wisely1 & worke? ju/ice & righte\sness 9 ! l&4 ,! expression3 ,behold ! days come1 accord+ to ! con/ant usus loqu5di ( ,j]emiah1 does n designate a progress 9 "t1 9 ref]5ce to :at prec$es1 b only directs att5tion to ! greatness ( t :i* is to be ann\nc$4 ,x conta9s1 at ! same "t1 an allusion to ! contra/ pres5t$ by ! visible /ate ( ?+s1 :i* af=ds no gr\nd = su* a ?+4 ,h[ d>k soev] ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s may be1 ! "t is /ill com+2 al?\gh ! he>t may l\dly say4 ,no1 ! ^w ( ,god mu/ be m c]ta94 ,conc]n+ ,hebrew3 cm,h1 comp>e ,isa4 iv4 #b1 & ! passages ( ,ze*>iah !re quot$1 ,hebrew3 cdiq /&s "h 9 ! same signification z 9 ,ze*4 ix4 #i1--;diff]5t f t :i* x has 9 ,isa4 liii4 #aa4 ,9 ! latt] passage1 :]e ! ,s]vant ( ,god is describ$ z ! ,high ,prie/ & s9-(f]+4 ,8 righte\sness comes into consid]ation z ! fundam5tal condition ( ju/ification2 "h1 :]e ,he appe>s z ,k+ only1--z ! cause ( ! diffusion ( ju/ice & righte\sness 9 ! l&4 ,t !re is impli$ 9 ?is a contra/ to ! =m] k+s1 0 po9t$ out z e>ly z by ,ab>banel3 ,he %all n be an unrighte\s se$1 su* z ,jehoiakim & 8 son1 b a righte\s ,pg #dac "o4 ,calv9 also po9ts out ! obvi\s anti!sis betwe5 ,*ri/ & s _m false1 &1 z x 71 adult]\s sons4 ,= we "k = c]ta9 t ,he alone 0 ! righte\s se$ ( ,david2 = al?\gh ,hezekiah & ,josiah 7 legitimate successors1 yet1 :5 we look to o!rs1 !y 71 z x 71 mon/]s4 ,except ?ree or f\r1 all ! re/ 7 deg5]ate & cov5ant-break]s4 ,! words3 ,i raise unto ,david a righte\s ,bran* are "h1 z well z 9 *ap4 xxxiii4 #ae1 n by any means equival5t to3 a righte\s ,bran* ( ,david4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,david is designat$ z he to :om ! act ( rais+ belongs1 = ^: sake x is und]tak54 ,god has promis$ to him ! et]nal dom9ion ( 8 h\se4 ,h[ mu* soev]1 !re=e1 ! memb]s ( ?is family may s9 aga9/ ! ,"l1--h[ unwor?y soev] ! p may be to be gov]n$ by a righte\s ,bran* ( ,david1 ,god1 z surely z ,he is ,god1 mu/ raise ,him = ! sake ( ,david4 ,! ^w ,hebrew3 ml,k mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,x %[s t ,hebrew3 ml,k1 :i*1 /&+ by itself1 may designate also ano!r gov]nm5t ?an by a k+1 su* z1 e4g41 t ( ,z]ubbabel1 is to be tak5 9 its full s5se4 ,& ?is qualification 0 s mu* ! m necess>y1 t ! deepe/ abasem5t ( ! h\se ( ,david1 ann\nc$ by ! ,prophet 9 *ap4 xxii41 comp>e especially v]4 #cj1 0 approa*+1 & t !reby e hope ( its ris+ to complete prosp]ity seem$ to be set aside4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! fai? 9 ?is ev5t re/$ m]ely on ! ^w1 x 0 necess>y t ! ^w %\ld be z di/9ct z possible1 9 ord] t no "o might p]v]t1 or expla9 x away4 ,calv9 rem>ks3 ,he %all rule z a ,k+1 i4e41 ,he %all rule glori\sly2 s t !re d n m]ely appe> "s relics ( =m] glory1 b t ,he fl\ri% & be p[]ful z a ,k+1 & atta9 to a p]fection1 su* z exi/$ "u ,david & ,solomon2 & ev5 mu* m excell5t4--,z reg>ds ,hebrew3 hwkil1 we h already1 9 our rem>ks on *ap4 iii4 #ae1 prov$ t x nev] & n[h]e means to prosp]1 to be prosp]\s1 b always to act wisely4 ,x has be5 %[n by ,calv9 t ev5 ! context "h requires ! latt] signification4 ,he says3 ,! ,prophet seems "h r to speak ( "r judgm5t ?an ( prosp]ity & success2 = we mu/ read ?is 9 connexion ) "o ano!r3 ,he %all act wisely1 & !n "w ju/ice & ,pg #dad righte\sness4 ,he %all be end[$ ) ! _s ( wisdom1 z well z ( ju/ice & righte\sness2 s t he %all p]=m all ! (fices & duties ( a k+4 ,yet ,calv9 has n exhau/$ ! argum5ts :i* may be d]iv$ f ! context4 ,! :ole v]se be=e u treats ( ! end[m5ts ( ! ,k+2 ! :ole succe$+ "o1 ( ! prosp]ity :i*1 by ^! end[m5ts1 is imp>t$ to ! p4 ,to ?is may /ill be add$ ! evid5t contra/ to ! folly ( ! =m] %eph]ds1 :i* 0 ! consequ5ce ( _! wick$ness1 & :i*1 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 _h be5 describ$ z ! cause ( _! own1 & ! p's de/ruction2 comp>e *ap4 x4 #ba3 ,= ! %eph]ds are become bruti%1 & d n seek ! ,"l2 !re=e !y d n act wisely1 & _! :ole flock is scatt]$4 ,b if "h ! signification to act wisely be e/abli%$1 !n x is also 9 all ^? passages :]e ,hebrew3 hwkil is us$ ( ,david2 comp>e rem>ks on *ap4 iii4 ,= ! fact1 t ! ,prophet has 9 view ^! passages1 & t1 accord+ to him1 ! reign ( ,david is1 9 a m glori\s mann]1 to be reviv$ 9 8 righte\s ,bran*1 appe>s f ! circum/ance t e ?+ else has its f\ndation 9 ! description ( ,david's reign1 9 ! books ( ,samuel4 ,?us ! words3 ,& he rule? z a k+1 & worke? ju/ice & righte\sness 9 ! l&1 ref] back to #b ,sam4 viii4 #ae3 ,& ,david reign$ ov] all ,israel1 & ,david wr\ght ju/ice & righte\sness unto all 8 p4 ,! f\ndation ( ! ann\ncem5t ( v]4 #f is =m$ by #b ,sam4 viii4 #ad 7comp>e v]4 #f73 ,& ! ,"l gave prosp]ity 7,hebrew3 vivwe7 to ,david 9 all 8 ways4 ,b if ,hebrew3 hwkil1 :]ev] x occurs ( ,david1 mu/ be tak5 9 ?is s5se1 !n ! ,,lxx4 are "r also 9 translat+ ,is4 lii4 #ac by ,greek3 sunsei3 =1 9 t passage1 j z 9 ! v]se "u consid]ation1 ,david is ref]r$ to z ! type ( ! ,messiah4 ,! phrase ,hebrew3 e: mwp,t vcdqh is by ,de ,wette commonly translat$3 to ex]cise ju/ice & righte\sness4 ,b ! circum/ance t1 9 ,ps4 cxlvi4 #g1 he is oblig$ to give up ?is translation1 proves t x is wrong4 ,hebrew3 e: mu/ r be expla9$ by to "w1 to e/abli%4 ,hebrew3 mwp,t is "h1 z ev]y:]e else1 ! objective "r & ju/ice2 ,hebrew3 cdqh1 ! subjective righte\sness4 ,! work+ ( ju/ice is ! means by :i* righte\sness is wr\ght4 ,! =c$ dom9ion ( ju/ice is necess>ily foll[$ by ! volunt>y1 ,pg #dae j z ! judgm5ts ( ,god1 by means ( :i* ,he is sanctifi$ ^u mank9d1 are1 at ! same "t1 ! means by :i* ,he is sanctifi$ 9 !m4 ,! high vocation ( ! ,k+ to "w ju/ice & righte\sness re/s ^u ,8 dignity1 z ! be>] ( ,god's image2 comp4 ,ps4 cxlvi4 #g2 *ap4 ix4 #bc3 ,= ,i ! ,"l "w love1 ju/ice1 & righte\sness 9 ! l&4 ,*ap4 xxii4 #ae is1 moreov]1 to be comp>$1 :]e x is said ( ,josiah1 ! true desc5dant ( ,david1 he wr\ght ju/ice & righte\sness1 & *ap4 xxii4 #c1 :]e 8 spuri\s desc5dants are admoni%$3 ,"w ju/ice & righte\sness1 & deliv] ! spoil$ out ( ! h& ( ! oppressor1 & d n oppress ! /rang]2 ! fa!rless & ! wid[ d n wrong1 nei!r %$ innoc5t blood 9 ?is place4 ,f>!r1 /ill1 is ! progress to be obs]v$3 ! ,k+ is righte\s1 8 righte\sness passe? ov] f him to ! subjects2 !n foll[s salvation & righte\sness f ! ,"l4--,to explanations1 su* z t ( ,grotius1 :o1 by ! righte\s ,bran*1 und]/&s ,z]ubbabel1 we "h ne$ ! less to pay any att5tion1 t ! fact ( 8 be+ 9 ?is )\t pr$ecessors or foll[]s palpably proves x to be errone\s4 ,if1 inde$1 we c\ld rely on ,!odoret's /atem5t 7,! bl9d$ ,jews endeav\r1 ) great impud5ce1 to ref] ?is to ,z]ubbabel--!n foll[s ! refutation71 ! old] ,jews mu/ h l$ ! way to ?is p]v]t$ int]pretation4 ,b we _c implicitly rely on ,!odoret's /atem5ts ( ?is k9d4 ,9 ! ,jewi% writ+s !mselves1 n ! slighte/ trace ( su* an int]pretation is to be f\nd4 ,! ,*aldean ,p>aphra/ is decid$ly 9 fav\r ( ! ,messianic int]pretation3 ,hebrew3 at,n amr ii vaqi,m ha ivmia ldvd mwi,h dcdqh ,behold ! days %all come1 & ,i w raise up to ,david ! righte\s ,messiah1 7n ,hebrew3 dcdqia '! ,messiah ( ! righte\s1' z _m absurdly read71 sai? ! ,"l4 ,eusebius 7comp>e ,le ,moyne1 de ,jehova ju/itia no/ra1 p4 #bc71 x is true1 refutes ! int]pretation :i* ref]s x to ,jo%ua1 ! son ( ,jos$e*2 b we are n entitl$ to inf] f ?is circum/ance1 t ?is view f\nd support]s 9 8 "t4 ,8 int5tion is m]ely to gu>d aga9/ ! errone\s int]pretation ( ,greek3 ,is$ek ( ! foll[+ v]se 9 ! ,alex&rian v]sion 7,greek3 kai t\to to onoma aut\1 ho kalesei auton kurios1 ,is$ek74 ,x c sc>cely be imag9$ t ! translators !mselves proce$$ f ?is errone\s view4 ,= ,pg #daf ,jos$e*1 ! fa!r ( ,jo%ua ! high-prie/1 is a p]son altoge!r obscure4 ,all :i* !y int5d$1 by _! reta9+ ! ,hebrew =m1 0 c]ta9ly only ! wi%1 to express t x 0 a nom5 proprium :i* occurr$ "h2 & !y 7 specially induc$ to act ?us by ! circum/ance1 t ?is "n 01 9 _! "t1 g5]ally curr5t1 z "o ( ! prop] names ( ! ,messiah4 ,v]4 #f4 ,& 9 ,8 days ,judah is end[$ ) salvation1 & ,israel dwelle? safely2 & ?is is ! "n :]eby !y %all call him3 ,! ,"l our righte\sness4 ,x has already be5 po9t$ out t ! fir/ words "h look back to ,david4 ,t :i* ,j]emiah "h expresses by sev]al words1 ,ze*>iah expresses m briefly1 by call+ ! ,spr\t ( ,david ,hebrew3 cdiq vnvwe righte\s1 & protect$ by ,god4 ,x makes no diff]5ce t1 9 t passage1 ! salvation1 ! insep>able concomitant ( righte\sness1 is ascrib$ to ! ,k+1 its possessor2 :ile1 "h1 x is ascrib$ to ! p4 ,=1 9 t passage1 too1 x is = 8 subjects t salvation is attribut$ to ! ,k+ :o comes = ,zion1 j z he is righte\s = ,zion also4 ,israel mu/ "h be tak5 ei!r 9 ! re/rict$ s5se1 or 9 ! wide/1 ei!r z ! t5 tribes alone1 or z ! t5 tribes along ) ,judah4 ,x is a fav\rite ?\ght ( ,j]emiah1 :i* recurs 9 all 8 ,messianic prophecies1 t ! t5 tribes are to p>take 9 ! future prosp]ity & salvation4 ,he has a true t5d]ness = ,israel2 8 b[els ro> :5 he rememb]s !m1 :o 7 already1 = s long a "t1 =sak5 & reject$4 ,8 lively hope = ,israel is a great te/imony ( 8 lively fai?4 ,=1 9 ! case ( ,israel1 ! visible /ate ( ?+s af=d$ /ill less gr\nd = hope ?an 9 ! case ( ,judah4 ,!re is "h an allusion to ,deut4 xxxiii4 #bh3 7,& ,he ?ru/e? out ?9e enemy f be=e !e1 & sai?3 ,de/roy7 ,& ,israel dwelle? 9 safety 7,hebrew3 viwk,n iwral b,t,h71 alone1 ,jacob looke? ^u a l& ( corn & w9e1 & 8 heav5s drop dew4 ,!re c be ! less d\bt ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is allusion1 t ?is expression occurs1 besides 9 ,deut]onomy1 & 9 ! v]se "u consid]ation1 only once m 9 *ap4 xxxiii4 #af1--t a ref]5ce to ! maje/ic close ( ! bless+ ( ,moses1 :i* c]ta9ly 0 9 ! he>ts & m\?s ( all ! pi\s1 0 v natural1 & t ! ^w ,hebrew3 tvwe has !re its analogy 9 v]4 #bi3 ,pg #dag ,happy art ?\1 ,o ,israel1 :o is l unto !e1 a p sav$ 7,hebrew3 nvwe7 by ! ,"l1 ! %ield ( ?y help1 ?y pr\d sword2 & ?9e enemies flatt] !e1 & ?\ treade/ ^u _! high places4 ,?is glori\s de/9ation ( ! cov5ant-p1 :i*1 hi!rto1 _h be5 s imp]fectly only realiz$ 7mo/ p]fectly "u ,david1 comp>e #b ,sam4 viii4 #f1 #ad71 %all1 "u ! reign ( ! ,messiah1 be c>ri$ out 9 su* a mann] t idea & reality %all fully co9cide4 ,! cov5ant-p is to appe> 9 its full dignity4--,9 ! second hemi/i* ( ! v]se1 ! read+ requires fir/ to be e/abli%$4 ,in/ead ( ! read+ ,hebrew3 iqrav :i* is f\nd 9 ! text1 & :i* is ! ?ird p]s4 ,s+4 ) ! ,suffix1 sev]al ,,mss4 7comp>e ,de ,rossi71 h ! ?ird p]s4 ,plur4 ,hebrew3 iqrav4 ,sev]al controv]sial writ]s1 su* z ,raim4 ,m>t9i1 ,pug4 ,fid4 p4 #eag1 & ,galat9us1 iii4 #i1 p4 #abf1 7,! ,jews ( our "t ass]t t "h ,j]emiah did n say !y %all call1 ,hebrew3 iqrav1 z we read x1 b he %all call him1 ,hebrew3 iqrav2 & !y decl>e ?is to be ! s5se3 ,?is is ! "n ( ,him :o %all call him1 viz41 ! ,messiah3 ,our righte\s ,god17 decl>e ! latt] to be unconditionally correct1 & ass]t t ! o!r _h orig9at$ f an int5tional ,jewi% corruption1 got up = ! purpose ( sett+ aside ! div9ity ( ! ,messiah1 :i*1 to !m1 0 s (f5sive4 ,?is allegation1 h[ev]1 is c]ta9ly unf\nd$4 ,x is true1 t "s ,jewi% int]pret]s avail$ !mselves ( ! read+ ,hebrew3 iqrav = ! purpose /at$4 ,?us ,rabbi ,saadias ,haggaon1 accord+ to ,ab5ezra & ,manasseh ,b5 ,israel1 :o expla93 ,& ?is is ! "n by :i* ! ,"l w call him3 ,our righte\sness4 ,b x by no means foll[s f ?is1 t !y inv5t$ ! read+2 x may h exi/$1 & !y only connect$ _! p]v]sion ) x4 ,t ! latt] 0 inde$ ! case1 appe>s f ! circum/ance t by f> ! great] numb] ( ,jewi% int]pret]s & controv]siali/s reject$ ?is p]v]sion1 because x 0 9 opposition to ! acc5ts 7comp>e especially ,ab5ezra & ,norzi on ! passage71 & ackn[l$g$ ,hebrew3 ihvh cdqnv to be ! "n ( ! ,messiah4 ,! read+ ,hebrew3 iqrav mu/ be unconditionally reject$1 because x has by f> ! smalle/ ext]nal au?ority 9 its fav\r4 ,x is true1 t its support]s 7comp4 especially ,s*ulze1 voll/4 ,critik d] gewhnli*5 ,pg #dah ,bibelausgab51 ,s4 #cba7 h endeav\r$ to make up = its defici5cy 9 manuscript au?ority1 by appeal+ to ! au?ority ( ! anci5t translators1 all ( :om1 ) ! sole exception ( ! ,alex&rian v]sion1 accord+ to !m1 express x4 ,b ?is ass]tion is entirely )\t f\ndation4 ,! vocabunt eum ( ,jona?an & ! ,vulgate is ! correct translation ( ,hebrew3 iqrav4 ,& :5 ,j]ome1 9 opposition to ! ,alex41 rem>ks t1 accord+ to ! ,hebrew1 ! translation ought to be3 ,nom5 ejus vocabunt1 he does n cont5d aga9/ _! use ( ! ,s+ul> p] se1 b only aga9/ _! arbitr>ily supply+ ,jehovah z ! subject2 aga9/ _! expla9+ ,! ,"l %all call1 in/ead ( "o %all call4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! false read+ ,hebrew3 iqrav fir/ arose1 is cle>ly se5 f ! reasons by :i* its lat] def5d]s endeav\r to support x2 comp>e especially ,s*ulze l4 c4 ,! *ief argum5t is ! errone\s supposition t ! ?ird ,plur4 only c\ld be us$ imp]sonally4 ,to ?is 0 f>!r add$ ! use ( ! r>] ,suffix ,hebrew3 v in/ead ( ! common ,hebrew3 -hv--,b f int]nal reasons1 too1 ! read+ ,hebrew3 iqrav is objectionable2 ! designation ( ! object ( call+ _c be omitt$4--,!re _c be any d\bt t we are n all[$ to ref] ! ,suffix 9 ,hebrew3 iqrav to ,israel1 7,ewald3 ,& ?is is _! "n by :i* !y call !m17 b to ! ,messiah4 ,= x is only 9 ?is case1 t ^? :o call1 viz41 ,judah or ,israel1 ! ,memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 are indirectly m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ words2 & ! ,messiah is1 9 bo? v]ses1 ! *ief p]son to :om all ! o!r clauses ref]4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! !n c\ld n1 9 t case1 h be5 omitt$1 z 9 ?is context e ?+ dep5ds ^u ! connection ( ! salvation ) ! p]son ( ! ,k+2 & ?is connection mu/ be cle>ly & di/9ctly express$4 ,we n[ come to ,hebrew3 ihvh cdqnv4 ,great diff]5ce ( op9ion prevails z to ! explanation ( ^! words4 ,! bett] portion ( ! ,jewi% int]pret]s1 inde$1 likewise consid] !m z names ( ! ,messiah1 b n 9 su* a mann] t ,he is call$ ,jehovah1 & !n1 9 apposition to x1 ,our righte\sness1 b r 9 su* a mann] t ,hebrew3 ihvh cdqnv is an abbreviation ( ! :ole s5t5ce4 ,?us ! ,*aldean1 :o ?us p>aphrases3 ,& ?is is ! "n by :i* !y %all call him3 ,righte\sness ,pg #dai w be be/[$ ^u u f ! face ( ! ,"l2 ,kim*i1 ,israel %all call ! ,messiah by ?is "n3 ,! ,"l our righte\sness1 because at ,8 "t1 ! righte\sness ( ! ,"l w be to u firm1 cont9u\s1 ev]la/+2 ! ,hebrew3 spr eqri,m 79 ,le ,moyne1 p4 #bj73 ,scripture calls ! "n ( ! ,messiah3 ,! ,"l our righte\sness1 because ,he is ! ,m$iator ( ,god1 & we obta9 ! righte\sness ( ,god by ,8 m9i/ry4 ,besides to *ap4 xxxiii4 #af1 !y ref] to passages su* z ,exod4 xvii4 #ae1 :]e ,moses calls ! alt> ,jehovah my bann]2 to ,g54 xxxiii4 #bj1 :]e ,jacob calls x ,hebrew3 al alhi iwral4 ,grotius foll[s ^! expositors1 only t he dilutes ! s5se /ill m4 ,! o!r ,*ri/ian expositors1 7! ,vulgate excludes e o!r int]pretation1 ev5 by its translation3 ,dom9us ju/us no/]7 on ! contr>y1 cont5d ) all _! might = ! op9ion1 t ! ,messiah is "h call$ ,jehovah1 & h5ce mu/ be truly ,god4 ,t :i* ,dassov i4 h4 #a4 rem>ks3 ,s9ce !n ! ,messiah is call$ ,jehovah1 we h firm gr\nd = inf]r+1 t ,he is truly ,god1 inasmu* z t "n is peculi> & ess5tial to ! true ,god1 is ! argum5t common to all ( !m4 ,le ,moyne wrote 9 def5ce ( ?is explanation a :ole book1 :i* we h already quot$1 b f :i* little is to be le>n$4 ,ev5 ,calv91 :o else:]e sometimes err$ f an exagg]at$ dread ( doctr9al prejudice1 decid$ly adopts x4 ,he rem>ks3 ,^? :o judge )\t prejudice & bitt]ness1 easily see t t "n belongs to ,*ri/1 9 s f> z ,he is ,god1 j z ! "n ( ! ,son ( ,david is assign$ to ,him 9 ref]5ce to ,8 human nature4 ,to all ^? :o are j & unprejudic$1 x w be cle> t ,*ri/ is "h di/+ui%$ by a tw(old attribute2 s t ! ,prophet comm5ds ,him to u1 bo? z reg>ds ! glory ( ,8 deity1 & 8 true human nature4 ,by righte\sness he1 too1 und]/&s ju/ification ?r\gh ! m]its ( ,*ri/1 = ,*ri/ is n righte\s = himself1 b receiv$ righte\sness 9 ord] to communicate x to u 7#a ,cor4 i4 #cj74 ,we h ! foll[+ obs]vations to make 9 ref]5ce to ?is exposition4 #a4 ,! pr9cipal mi/ake 9 x is ?is1 t x has be5 ov]look$ t ! ,prophet "h expresses ! nature ( ! ,messiah & ( ,8 "t 9 ! =m ( a nom5 proprium4 ,if ! words 7 ?us3 ,& ?is is ,jehovah our righte\sness1 we %\ld be fully ,pg #dbj entitl$ to take ,jehovah z a p]sonal designation ( ! ,messiah4 ,b 9 ref]5ce to a "n1 x is z common1 z x is natural1 to take f a :ole s5t5ce ! pr9cipal words only1 & to leave x to ! read] or he>] to supply ! re/4 ,9 ! case ( all nam+1 brevity is unavoidable1 z is prov$ by ! usual abbreviation ( ev5 ^? prop] names :i* consi/ ( "o ^w only4 ,! two cases m5tion$ by ,kim*i w s]ve z in/ances4 ,jehovah my ,bann] is a concise expression =3 ,?is alt> is consecrat$ to ,jehovah my ,bann]2 ,hebrew3 al alhi iwral =3 ,?is alt> belongs to ! ,almighty1 ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,a numb] ( o!r in/ances might easily be quot$2 "o ne$ only comp>e1 9 ,hill]'s & ,simonis' ,onoma/ica1 ! names :i* are comp\nd$ ) ,jehovah4 ,?us1 e4g41 ,jeho%ua1 i4e41 ,jehovah salvation1 is a concise expression =3 ,jehovah w grant me salvation2 ,jehoram1 i4e41 ,jehovah altus1 =3 ,i am consecrat$ to ! exalt$ ,god ( ,israel4 ,mo/ p]fectly analog\s1 h[ev]1 is ! "n ,z$ekiah1 i4e41 ! righte\sness ( ! ,"l1 =3 ,he "u ^: reign ! ,"l w grant righte\sness to ,8 p4 ,?is "n1 moreov]1 seems to ref] directly to ! prophecy be=e u4 ,j z ,eliakim1 by *ang+ 8 "n into ,jehoiakim1 int5d$ to repres5t himself z he 9 :om ! prophecy 9 #b ,sam4 vii4 w\ld be fulfill$2 s he :o 0 =m]ly call$ ,mattaniah *ang$1 at ! in/ance ( ,nebu*adnezz> 7:o _h1 inde$1 no o!r object 9 view ?an t1 z a sign ( 8 supremacy1 8 "n %\ld be diff]5t f t by :i* he 0 =m]ly call$1 & :o left ! *oice ( ! "n to ,mattaniah himself71 8 "n into ,z$ekiah1 imag9+ t 9 a mann] s easy1 he w\ld become ! ,jehovah ,zidk5u ann\nc$ by ,j]emiah1 & long$ = by ! p4 #b4 ,! prec$+ argum5t only %[$ t !re is no?+ oppos$ to ! exposition3 ,he by :om & "u :om ,jehovah w be our righte\sness4 ,a positive pro(1 h[ev]1 9 fav\r ( x is (f]$ by ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 xxxiii4 #ae1 #af3 ,9 ^? days & at t "t w ,i cause a righte\s ,bran* to gr[ up unto ,david2 & ,he worke? ju/ice & righte\sness 9 ! l&4 ,9 ^? days %all ,judah be sav$1 & ,j]usalem %all dwell safely1 & ?is is ! "n :i* !y %all give to h]3 ,jehovah our righte\sness4 ,"h ,jehovah ,zidk5u by no means ,pg #dba appe>s z ! "n ( ! ,messiah1 b z t ( ,j]usalem 9 ! ,messianic "t4 ,9 va9 are all ! attempts :i* h be5 made to set aside ?is tr\blesome argum5t4 ,!y only s]ve to %[1 t x _c be invalidat$4 ,le ,moyne1 9 ord] t no way ( escape may be left to ! enemies1 br+s =w>d1 p4 #bih ff41 five diff]5t exp$i5ts among :i* ! read] may *oose4 ,b _! v diff]5ce is a pla9 sign ( arbitr>9ess2 & t appe>s /ill m cle>ly1 :5 we beg9 to exam9e !m individually4 ,sev]al int]pret]s assume an enallage g5]is ,hebrew3 lh ,hebrew3 lv1 & ?us %all !y call him4 ,le ,moyne ?9ks t we ne$ h no difficulty 9 assum+ su* an enallage4 ,o!rs expla93 ,& he :o %all call1 i4e41 invite h]1 is ,jehovah our righte\sness4 ,a simple ref]5ce to ! passage be=e u is decisive aga9/ x2 ! p>allelism ( ! two passages is too close to admit ( ,hebrew3 iqra 9 ! second passage be+ und]/ood 9 a s5se altoge!r diff]5t4 ,by ! same argum5t1 ! explanations by ,hott+] 7,!saur4 ,philolog4 p4 #agl71 & ,dassov3 ,?is %all come to pass :5 ! ,"l1 ! ,"l our righte\sness1 %all call h]1 are also refut$1 q ap>t f ! consid]ation1 t ,hebrew3 awr _c by any means signify :54 ,! mo/ rec5t def5d] ( ! old or?odox view1 ,s*mi$]1 cuts ! knot by simply sev]+ our passage f *ap4 xxxiii4 #af-c4 ,! anci5t explanation1 :i* ref]s ,hebrew3 cdqnv1 our righte\sness1 to ! remission ( s9s1 does n ev5 correctly und]/& ?is ^w4 ,x is true t ! remission ( s9s is (t5 repres5t$ z "o ( ! *ief bless+s ( ! ,messianic "t2 b "h x is out ( place4 ,accord+ to ! context1 x is actual ju/ification1 i4e41 salvation accord+ to ano!r mode ( view+ x1 :i* is "h spok5 ( 7comp>e rem>ks on ,mal4 iii4 #bj74 ,righte\sness 9 ?is s5se implies1 ( c\rse1 ! =giv5ess ( s9s2 b1 besides1 ! righte\sness ( life is compreh5d$ 9 x4 ,righte\sness /&s "h 9 p>allelism ) salvation1 & ! ord] & progress is ?is3 righte\sness ( ! k+1 righte\sness ( ! subjects1 !n salvation & righte\sness z a rew>d f ,god1 ,to ?is argum5t may /ill be add$ ! contra/ to ! =m] "t4 ,connect$ ) ! unrighte\sness ( ! k+s 0 t ( ! p2 & h5ce x 0 t ! c\ntry 0 depriv$ ( salvation1 & smitt5 by ! div9e judgm5ts4 ,t ,pg #dbb :i* ,j]emiah compreh5ds 9 ! "n ,jehovah ,zidk5u1 ,ezekiel1 9 ! p>allel passage1 *ap4 xxxiv4 #be-ca1 f>!r c>ries out & exp&s4 ,! ,"l ent]s into a cov5ant ( peace ) !m2 ri* bless+ is be/[$ ^u !m2 ,he breaks _! yoke & deliv]s !m f s]vitude2 !y d n become a prey to ! ,g5tiles4--,s*mi$] has object$1 t ! "n w\ld be )\t mean+ = ! promis$ ,k+1 unless ! "n ,jehovah belong$ to him4 ,b ! ,k+1 by be+ call$ ,jehovah ,zidk5u1 is designat$ z ! *annel1 ?r\gh :i* ! div9e bless+s fl[ ^u ! ,*ur*1 z ! ,m$iator ( ,salvation1 z ! ,savi\r4 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 omit to rem>k t ?is anci5t explanation 0 wrong only 9 endeav\r+ to draw out f ! ^w t :i*1 no d\bt1 is conta9$ 9 ! matt] itself ,no "o born ( a woman is righte\s1 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w2 & if !re be any?+ want+ 9 ! p]sonal righte\sness ( ! ,k+1 ! work+ ( ju/ice & righte\sness1 too1 w at once be defici5t2 & salvation & righte\sness are n grant$ 9 _! full ext5t f above4 ,to no "o among all ! =m] k+s did ! attribute ,hebrew3 cdiq belong 9 a high] degree ?an to ,david2 & yet 9 h[ imp]fect a degree did ev5 he possess x6 ,! calamity :i*1 by ?is imp]fection1 0 inflict$ ^u ! p1 is1 e4g41 se5 9 ! numb]+ ( ! p4 ,& x 0 n only ! w to "w ju/ice & righte\sness :i* 0 imp]fect1 b ! p[] also 0 imp]fect1 & ! k limit$4 ,he only :o truly rules z a k+1 & is truly wise 7comp>e ! words ,hebrew3 vml,k ml,k vhwkil7 c come up to1 & realize ! idea1 aft] :i* ,david 0 /riv+ 9 va94 ,all ! ?ree (fices ( ,*ri/1 ! royal no less ?an ! prophetic & prie/ly1 imply ,8 div9ity2 & ! conviction t1 9 ! way hi!rto pursu$1 no?+ 0 to be effect$2 t x 0 only by ! div9e ent]+ into ! e>?ly1 t su* spl5did promises c\ld be fulfill$1--?is conviction surely mu/ h be5 pla9 to a ,j]emiah1 ^: fundam5tal s5tim5t is1 all fle% is grass1 & :o liv$ at a "t :i*1 m ?an any o!r1 0 fitt$ to cure t ,pelagianism :i* always seeks to ga!r grapes f ?orns4 ,if !n1 f>!r1 we keep 9 m9d t ,j]emiah _h be=e him ! cle> ann\ncem5ts ( ! =m] prophets1 z reg>ds ! div9ity ( ! ,messiah 7comp>e ,pg #dbc rem>ks on ,mic4 v4 #a2 ,is4 ix4 #e71 we c acc\nt = ! fact1 t he does n expressly speak ( x1 only because x 0 n suitable 9 ?is context1 9 :i* only ! fact itself comes into consid]ation1 b n ! p>ticul> way4 ,v]4 #g4 ,:]e=e1 behold days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 t !y %all no m say3 ,z ! ,"l live? :o br\ght up ! *ildr5 ( ,israel out ( ! l& ( ,egypt2 v]4 #h1 b3 ,z ! ,"l live?1 :o br\ght up1 & :o l$ ! se$ ( ! h\se ( ,israel out ( ! ,nor? c\ntry1 & f all ! c\ntries :i!r ,i h driv5 !m2 & !y dwell 9 _! l&4 ,! s5se is ?is3 ,! future prosp]ity & salvation %all by f> out%9e ! greate/ deliv]ance & salvation ( ! ,pa/4 ,calv9 rem>ks3 ,if ! fir/ deliv]ance be valu$ by itself1 x w be wor?y ( ev]la/+ remembrance2 b if x be comp>$ ) ! second deliv]ance1 x w almo/ vani%2 comp>e1 besides *ap4 xvi4 #ad1 #ae1 :]e ! v]ses n[ "u consid]ation already occurr$ almo/ v]batim 7,j]emiah is fond ( su* repetitions1 :i* are any ?+ b va9 repetitions2 & ?is fondness =ms "o ( 8 peculi>ities72 *ap4 iii4 #af1 :]e1 9 ! same s5se1 x is said ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant t x %all be =gott5 9 future2 ,is4 xliii4 #ah1 #ai1 lxv4 #ag4--;,hebrew3 ,hi-ihvh liv+ 7is7 ,jehovah1 =3 ,z ,jehovah live?4 ,x is q natural t1 :5 ,god is invok$ z a witness & judge1 ,he %\ld be designat$ z ! liv+ "o2 & x is z natural t1 on su* an occasion1 ! greate/ sign ( life :i* ,he gave %\ld be po9t$ to4 ,b t1 "u ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation1 0 ! deliv]ance f ,egypt1 ! /ronge/ & mo/ impressive ( all ^? de$s by :i* ! delusion 0 dissipat$1 t ,god 0 walk+ ^u ! vault ( heav51 & did n judge ?r\gh ! cl\ds4 ,9 future1 a /ill /rong] manife/ation ( life is to take place4 ,h5ce ! =mula ( ! oa? is altoge!r g5]al2 ! deliv]ance f ,egypt comes into consid]ation z a manife/ation ( life1 & n z an act ( grace4 ,?is 0 ov]look$ by ,calv9 :5 he rem>k$3 ,:5soev] !y saw !mselves s oppress$1 t !y did n see any o!r end to _! evils ?an 9 ! grace ( ,god1 !y said t ! same ,god1 :o1 9 =m] times1 _h be5 ! deliv]] ( ,8 p1 0 /ill liv+1 & ,8 p[] undim9i%$4 ,pg #dbd ,,*ap4 ,,xxxi4 #ca-dj4 ,! #cj? & #ca/ *apt]s may rightly be call$ ! gr& hymn ( ,israel's deliv]ance4 ,!y are connect$ into "o :ole1 n only a mat]ial1 b also by a =mal unity2 s t we mu/ inde$ wond] at views su* z ^? ( ,v5ema & ,ros5mll]1 :o assume t ! section is compos$ ( fragm5ts loosely connect$1 & writt5 at diff]5t times2 b /ill m at ! views ( ,mov]s & ,hitzig1 :o ass]t t a :ole numb] ( /range int]polations _h be5 introduc$ into ! text2 comp>e ,kp]1 ,j]em4 ,s4 #agj ff4 ,) respect to ! "t ( ! composition1 we mu/ n all[ ourselves to be deceiv$ by ! circum/ance t1 z a rule1 ,judah appe>s no less t ,israel1 already f> away f ! l& ( ! ,"l1 9 captivity4 ,! ,prophet1 tak+ 8 /& 9 ! "t :5 ! cata/rophe has already tak5 place1 speaks f an ideal ,pres5t4 ,! fact t ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem 0 inde$ imm95t1 & imm$iately 9 view1 b _h n yet tak5 place1 becomes probable ev5 f ! inscriptions 9 *ap4 xxxii4 & xxxiii41 accord+ to :i* ^! two *apt]s1 :i* are s closely relat$ to ! two be=e u1 belong to ! t5? ye> ( ,z$ekiah1 :5 ,j]usalem 0 besieg$ by ! ,*aldeans4 ,?is is r5d]$ c]ta9 by *ap4 xxx4 #e-g1 :]e ! f9al cata/rophe ^u ! cov5ant-p1 :i* belongs to ! "t ( ,j]emiah1 is repres5t$ z /ill imp5d+4 ,hi!rto ! ?reat5+ _h prevail$ 9 ! pr$ictions ( ! ,prophet2 b n[1 9 ! view ( _! fulfilm5t1 :5 ! ?und]s ( ! judgm5t 7 already he>d f ! heav5s1 ! promise fl[s 9 full /reams4 ,! false prophets _h prophesi$ prosp]ity & salvation1 at a "t :51 to ! human eye1 !re 0 no4 cause = fe>2 b ,j]emiah j /eps =? to ann\nce salvation1 at a "t :5 all human hope _h vani%$4 ,! ,prophet beg9s1 9 *ap4 xxx41 ) ! promise ( salvation = all ,israel2 & aft] a detail$ description1 he compreh5ds & sums x up1 9 v]4 #bb1 9 ! words1 brief b inf9itely ri* & compreh5sive3 ,& ye %all be my p ,pg #dbe & ,i w be y\r ,god4#a ,! maje/ic close ( ! promise = ! true ,israel is1 9 v]s4 #bc1 #bd1 =m$ by ! ?reat5+ aga9/ ^? :o are ,israel 9 appe>ance only1--analog\s to ! words ( ,isaiah3 ,!re is no peace to ! wick$4 ,let !m n1 9 _! fooli% delusion1 seize ! promise = !mselves4 ,! "t ( ! highe/ bless+ = ! godly1 & = ^? :o are will+ to become godly1 ! ,hebrew3 ahrit himi,m4 w be = !m1 at ! same "t1 a "t ( ! highe/ curse4 ,! climax ( ! manife/ation ( grace has ! climax ( ! manife/ation ( ju/ice z its insep>able companion4 ,behold ! /orm ( ! ,"l1 gl[+ fire1 goe? =?1 a cont9u+ /orm1 on ! head ( ! wick$ x %all rema94 ,! fi]ce ang] ( ! ,"l %all n return1 until ,he h done1 & until ,he h p]=m$ ! int5ts ( ,8 he>t2 at ! end ( days ye %all consid] x4 ,=m]ly1 9 *ap4 xxiii4 #ai1 #bj1 9 a ?reat5+ prophecy :i* ref]r$ to ! exile1 ! ,prophet _h utt]$ ! same words4 ,by _! v]bal repetition1 he intimates t ! matt] 0 n by any means settl$ ) ! exile2 t ! latt] mu/ n be consid]$ z ! absolute & f9al puni%m5t = ! s9s ( ! :ole nation1 b t1 z truly z ,god is ,jehovah1 s surely ,8 words w revive1 z (t5 z ! circum/ances aga9 exi/1 to :i* !y orig9ally ref]r$4 ,pg #dbf ,! m specific ! consolation is1 ! m impressive is x1 & ! m does x rea* ! he>t4 ,aft] hav+ ann\nc$ salvation1 !re=e1 to all ,israel1 ! ,prophet n[ proce$s to ! consolation = ! two divisions ( ,israel4 ,he beg9s ) ,israel 9 ! re/rict$ s5se--! t5 tribes 7*ap4 xxxi4 #a-bb71 & ) !m he cont9ues longe/1 because1 :5 look+ to ! outw>d appe>ance1 !y seem$ to be lo/ beyond all hope ( recov]y1 to be = ev] reject$ by ! ,"l4 ,! ?\ght1 t we h "h an orig9al & indep5d5t ann\ncem5t ( salvation = ,israel1 is set aside ev5 by ! relation ( v]4 #a to v]4 #bb ( ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,= x is to ?is v]se t ! ,prophet imm$iately connects 8 disc\rse2 v]s4 #bc & #bd are only a p>5!tical rem>k1 an ,odi pr(anum vulgus et arceo1 address$ to ^? to :om ! promise did n belong4 ,^u ! words3 ,y %all be my p1 & ,i w be y\r ,god1 foll[ 9 an inv]t$ ord]1 ! words3 ,at t "t1 sai? ! ,"l1 ,i w 7specially7 be ! ,god ( all ! families ( ,israel1 & !y %all be my p4 ,ra*el1 ! "m ( ,joseph & ,b5jam91 weep+ ov] h] sons1 v]s4 #ae-ag1 is s mu* ! m suit$ to repres5t ,israel1 t ! tribe ( ,b5jam9 also1 z to its pr9cipal portion1 belong$ to ! k+dom ( ! t5 tribes2 comp>e my comm5t>y on ,ps4 lxxx4 ,^u ,israel !re foll[s1 9 v]s4 #bc-bf1 ,judah4 ,! ann\ncem5t closes 9 v]4 #bf ) ! words s (t5 misund]/ood3 ,^u ?is ,i awak$1 & ,i beheld1 & my sleep 0 sweet unto me4 ,! ,prophet has lo/ sight ( ! ,pres5t2 l a sleep+ man1 he is n susceptible ( its impressions1 comp>e rem>ks on ,ze*4 iv4 #a4 ,!n he awakes = a mom5t f 8 sweet dream 7an allusion to ,prov4 iii4 #bd71 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n1 l ord9>y dreams1 )\t f\ndation4 ,he looks ar\nd2 e ?+ is d>k1 dre>y1 & cold2 n[h]e is !re consolation = ! we>y s\l4 ,ah1 he exclaims1 ,i h sweetly dream$1--& imm$iately ! h& ( ! ,"l aga9 seizes him1 & c>ries him away f ! sc5es ( ! ,pres5t4 ,!re is n by any means a diff]5t salvation de/9$ = ,israel & ,judah2 x is "o salvation to be p>tak5 ( by bo?1 :o are 9 future to be re-unit$ into "o cov5ant-p1 into a nation ( bre?r54 ,f ! p>ts1 !re=e1 ,pg #dbg ! description returns1 9 v]s4 #bg-dj1 to ! :ole f :i* x _h proce$$1 & is ?us completely r\nd$ (f1 especially by ! circum/ance t1 j 9 ?is close1 !re is conta9$ ! cr[n ( ! promises1 ! sub/ance & c5tre ( ! decl>ation recurr+ "h 9 v]4 #cc3 ,& ,i w be _! ,god1 & !y %all be my p4 ,! :ole description 9 bo? *apt]s is ,messianic2 & aft] :at we h already _h frequ5t occasion to rem>k1 no f>!r pro( is necess>y to %[ h[ inadmissible is a proce$+ l t ( ,v5ema1 :o cuts x all up into small pieces1 & "h assumes an exclusive ref]5ce to ! return f ! captivity2 !re1 to ! ,maccabees1 :om he almo/ raises to ,savi\rs2 9 ano!r place1 to ,*ri/ & ,8 ,k+dom4 ,we ought !re=e1 inde$1 to give an exposition ( ! :ole section2 b1 = ext]nal reasons1 we are oblig$ to limit ourselves to an exposition ( ! pr9cipal portion1 *ap4 xxxi4 #ca-dj4 ,x is *ap4 xxxi4 #bb only :i* we %all briefly expla91 because t passage 01 9 =m] times1 und]/ood by _m int]pret]s to conta9 a p]sonal ,messianic prophecy4 ,h[ long wilt ?\ turn aside1 ,o ?\ apo/ate daught]8 = ! ,"l create? a new ?+ 9 ! l&1 woman %all compass ab\t man4 ,! la/ words ( ! v]se are1 by ! anci5t int]pret]s1 commonly expla9$ z ref]r+ to ,*ri/'s bir? by a virg94 ,?us1 e4g41 ,cocceius3 ,x c\ld n be said m di/9ctly1 at lea/ n )\t ceas+ to be enigmatical1 unless he _h said t a virg9 has born ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b q ap>t f o!r argum5ts1 ?is explanation is oppos$ by ! obvi\s consid]ation1 9 t case1 j t w\ld "h be /at$ :i*1 9 ! bir? ( ,*ri/ by a virg91 is n peculi>4 ,= ,hebrew3 gbr & ,hebrew3 nqbh are a designation ( ! sex2 ! fact t ! woman br+s =? ! man 7s9ce ,hebrew3 gbr is ass]t$ to designate proles mascula71 is some?+ altoge!r common2 b ! important feature is want+1 t ! woman is to be a virg91 & ! man1 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b c]ta9ly n a :it bett] ?an ?is explanation is t :i* mod]n int]pret]s 7,s*nurr]1 ,ges5ius1 ,ros5mll]1 ,maur]71 h advanc$ 9 its /ead3 ,! woman %all protect ! man1 %all p]=m = him ! munus excubitoris circumeuntis4 ,?is1 surely1 is a ridiculus ,pg #dbh mus--an argum5t q unique4 ,we mu/ fully agree ) ,s*nurr]1 :o rem>ks3 ,?is1 surely1 is some?+ new1 uncommon1 unhe>d (2 b n e ?+ new is1 = t reason1 suitable = furni%+ an effectual motive = conv]sion4 ,! s5se at :i* ,ewald arrives3 ,a woman trans=m+ h]self into a man1 is surely n wor?y ( be+ ent]ta9$ at ! exp5se ( a *ange 9 ! read+4 ,! correct view is ! foll[+3--,! ,prophet f\nds 8 exhortation to return to ! ,"l ^u ! mo/ effectual argum5t possible1 viz41 ^u ! fact t ! ,"l 0 to return to !m1 t ! "t ( wra? 0 n[ ov]1 t !y might ha/5 back into ! op5 arms ( ,god's love4 ,)\t hope ( m]cy1 !re _c be a conv]sion4 ,! p]v]se & despond+ he>t ( man mu/1 by ,8 prev5t+ love1 be allur$ to come to ,god4 ,h[ important & valuable ! new ?+ is :i* ! ,"l is to create1 ! ,prophet %[s by ! t]ms :i* he has select$4 ,x is j ! nom9a sexus :i* "h are suitable2 ! omission ( ! article also is int5tional4 ,! relation is repres5t$ 9 its g5]al aspect2 & !reby ! look is m /eadily direct$ to its fundam5tal nature & sub/ance4 ,woman %all compass ab\t 7,ps4 xxxii4 #g1 #aj7 man2 ! /rong w aga9 take ! weak & t5d] into ,8 intimate communion1 "u ,8 protection & lov+ c>e4 ,! woman art ?\1 ,o ,israel1 :o hi!rto ha/ suffici5tly exp]i5c$1 :at a woman is )\t ! man1 h[ %e is a re$ expos$ to1 & a sport (1 all w9ds4 ,! man is ! ,"l4 ,h[ fooli% w\ld x be on ?y "p1 if ?\ w]t to p]sev]e any long] 9 ?9e indep5d5ce & dissolut5ess1 & if ?\ did/ refuse to return into ! sweet relation ( dep5d5ce & unconditional surr5d]1 :i* alone1 be+ ! only natural relation1 c be productive ( happ9ess6 ,9 fav\r ( ?is explanation is also ! cle> ref]5ce ( ,hebrew3 tsvbb to ,hebrew3 tt,hmqi,n1 & to ,hebrew3 hwvbbh1 :i*1 9 ! case ( ! latt] ^w1 is ev5 outw>dly express$ by ! allit]ation4 ,h[ fooli% w\ld x be /ill f>!r to dep>t1 z n[ ! "t is at h& :5 ! ,"l is approa*+4--,x is obvi\s t1 ev5 accord+ to our int]pretation1 ! prophecy reta9s its ,messianic "*4 ,pg #dbi ,! cont5ts ( ! section1 v]s4 #ca-dj1 are z foll[s3--,! ,"l is f> f puni%+ ) entire rejection ! contempt ( ,8 =m] gifts & bless+s4 ,on ! contr>y1 by increas$ grace1 ,he w r5ew ! bond betwe5 ,him & ! p1 & r5d] x = ev] indissoluble4 ,! f\ndation ( ?is is =m$ by ! remission ( s9s1 ( :i* ! ri*] outp\r+ ( ! ,_s is a consequ5ce2 & x is n[1 :5 ! ,law no m comes to ,israel z an outw>d lett]1 b is writt5 9 _! he>ts1 t ,israel atta9 _! de/9ation2 !y w truly be ! p ( ,god1 & ,god w be truly _! ,god1 v]s4 #ca-cd4 ,to ! p consci\s ( _! guilt1 & /ill groan+ "u ! judgm5ts ( ,god1 su* a manife/ation ( ,god's cont9u\s grace appe>s incr$ible2 b ,god mo/ emphatically assures !m1 t ?is election is /ill 9 =ce1 & mu/ cont9ue = ev]1 z truly z ,he is ,god1 v]s4 #ca-cg4 ,! city ( ,god %all glori\sly arise out ( its a%es4 ,:ile =m]ly ! unholy abom9ation ent]$ into h]1 ! holy "o1 ev5 into h] inn]mo/ p>ts1 %e n[ %all ext5d h] b\nd>ies beyond ! t]ritory ( ! unholy2 & ! ,"l1 :o is sanctifi$ )9 h]1 w sanctify himself ^u h] also4 ,!re %all be no m de/ruction4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,v]4 #ca4 ,behold1 days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 & ,i make a new cov5ant ) ! h\se ( ,israel1 & ) ! h\se ( ,judah4 ,v]4 #cb4 ,n z ! cov5ant t ,i made ) _! fa!rs1 9 ! day t ,i took !m by ! h& to br+ !m out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 :i* my cov5ant !y brake2 b ,i m>ry !m to me1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,! fir/ "q :i* we h "h to exam9e is3 ,:at is to be und]/ood by ! mak+ ( a cov5ant8 ,we _c "h ?9k ( a =mal transaction1 ( a mutual contract1 su* z ! cov5ant made on ,s9ai4 ,?is appe>s f v]4 #cb1 accord+ to :i* ! old cov5ant 0 conclud$ on ! day :5 ! ,"l took ,israel by ! h&1 9 ord] to br+ !m out ( ,egypt2 b at t "t a cov5ant-transaction prop] 0 n yet m5tion$4 ,mo/ int]pret]s errone\sly suppose t by ! words3 ,9 ! day1 c41 ! abode at ,s9ai is ,pg #dcj designat$4 ,b s9ce ! day ( ! deliv]ance f ,egypt is commonly ?us spok5 ( 7comp4 ,exod4 xii4 #ea ff472 s9ce ?is day 01 z su*1 m>k$ out by ! annually return+ fea/ ( ! ,passov]1 we mu/1 "h also1 take ,hebrew3 iv,m1 day1 9 its prop] s5se4 ,& !re is ! less reason = ab&on+ ?is mo/ obvi\s s5se t1 9 ,exod4 vi4 #d2 ,ezek4 xvi4 #h2 ,hag4 ii4 #e1 a cov5ant ) ,israel is spok5 (1 :i* 0 n fir/ conclud$ on ,s9ai1 b 0 already conclud$ :5 !y w5t out f ,egypt4 ,f>!r--,no obligation is spok5 ( 9 ref]5ce to ! new cov5ant2 bless+ & gifts are m5tion$1 & no?+ b ^!4 ,b are we to adopt ! op9ion ( ,fris*mu? 7de fo$]e nov4 9 ! ,!s4 ,ant4 i4 p4 #heg71 & ( _m o!r int]pret]s & lexicograph]s1 & say t ,hebrew3 brit does n only signify a cov5ant ent]$ ^u by two or sev]al p>ties1 b also ,greek3 pro!s91 propositum ,dei1 ,greek3 epangelias1 ,8 gratuit\s & unconditional promises1 z well z ,8 con/ant ord9ances8 ,t might aft] all be objectionable4 ,hebrew3 krt brit _c signify any ?+ b to make a cov5ant4#b ,b ! "q is1 :e!r ! mak+ ( a cov5ant _c be spok5 ( 9 passages1 :]e !re is no m5tion ( transactions ( a mutual agreem5t betwe5 two p>ties4 ,! sub/ance ( ! cov5ant evid5tly prec$es ! outw>d conclusion ( ! cov5ant1 & =ms ! f\ndation ( x4 ,! conclusion ( ! cov5ant does n fir/ =m ! relation1 b is m]ely a solemn ackn[l$gm5t ( ! relation already exi/+4 ,?us x is ev] 9 human relations2 ! contract1 z a rule1 only fixes & settles outw>dly1 a relation already exi/+4 ,& t is /ill m ! case 9 ! relation betwe5 ,god & man4 ,by e b5efit f ,god1 an obligation is impos$ ^u him :o receives x1 :e!r x may1 9 express words1 h be5 /at$ by ,god1 & h be5 outw>dly ackn[l$g$ by ! recipi5t or n4 ,?is is cle>ly se5 9 ! case "u consid]ation4 ,at ! giv+ ( ! ,law on ,s9ai1 ! obligatory p[] ( ! comm&m5ts ( ,pg #dca ,god is f\nd$ ^u ! fact1 t ,god br\ght ,israel out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 ! h\se ( bondage4 ,h5ce1 x appe>s t ! ,s9aitic cov5ant exi/$1 9 sub/ance1 f ! mom5t t ! ,"l l$ ,israel out ( ,egypt4 ,by apo/atiz+ f ! ,"l1 ! p w\ld h brok5 ! cov5ant1 ev5 if x _h n be5 solemnly confirm$ on ,s9ai2 j z _! apo/acy1 9 ! "t betwe5 _! go+ out & ! transactions on ,s9ai1 0 treat$ z a violation ( ! cov5ant4 ,x w\ld h be5 a brea* ( ! cov5ant1 if ! p _h answ]$1 9 ! negative1 ! solemn que/ions ( ,god1 :e!r !y w\ld ent] into a cov5ant ) ,him4 ,?is appe>s s mu* ! m cle>ly1 :5 we keep 9 m9d1 t ! ,new ,cov5ant 0 n at all sanction$ by su* an ext]nal solemn act4 ,b if1 nev]!less1 x is a cov5ant 9 ! /ricte/ s5se2 if1 "h1 ! relation is indep5d5t ^u its ackn[l$gm5t1--!n1 "u ! ,old ,te/am5t too1 ?is ackn[l$gm5t mu/ be a second>y elem5t4 ,! same is ! case ) all ! o!r passages commonly quot$ 9 pro(1 t ,hebrew3 krt brit may also be us$ ( m]e bless+s & promises4 ,?us1 e4g41 ,g54 ix4 #i3 ,behold1 ,i e/abli% my cov5ant ) y1 & ) y\r se$ aft] y4 ,t :i* is "h designat$ z a cov5ant is n ! promise p] se1 t 9 future ! c\rse ( nature %\ld1 on ! :ole1 rema9 undi/urb$1 b 9 s f> only1 z x imposes ^u !m :o receive x1 ! obligation to glorify1 by _! walk1 ! ,"l ( ! ord] ( nature4 ,9 "p1 ?is obligation is aft]w>ds outw>dly fix$ 9 ! comm&m5ts conc]n+ murd]1 eat+ ( blood1 c4 ,g54 xv4 #ah3 ,9 ! same day ,god made a cov5ant ) ,abraham1 say+3 ,unto ?y se$ ,i give ?is l&4 ,9 :at prec$es1 a promise only is conta9$2 b ?is promise itself is1 at ! same "t1 an obligation2 & ?is obligation exi/$ ev5 !n1 al?\gh x 0 at a lat] p]iod only1 solemnly und]tak5 by receiv+ ! sign ( ! cov5ant1 circumcision4 ,exod4 xxxiv4 #aj3 ,& ,he said3 ,behold ,i make a cov5ant2 be=e all ?y p ,i w d m>vels su* z h n be5 done 9 all ! e>?1 nor 9 any nation2 & all ! p among :om ?\ art1 %all see ! "w ( ! ,"l2 = x is a t]rible ?+ t ,i w d ) !e4 ,! cov5ant on ,s9ai is "h already made2 ! mak+ ( ! new cov5ant "h spok5 ( consi/s ,pg #dcb 9 ! m]cies by :i* ,god w manife/ himself to ,8 p z _! ,god4 ,e "o ( ^! m]cies involves a new obligation = ! p2 e "o is a "q 9 de$s3 ,?is ,i d to !e1 :at doe/ ?\ to me8--,x w n[ be possible to det]m9e 9 :at s5se ! ,old ,cov5ant is "h contra/$ ) ! ,new1 ,! po9t 9 "q _c be a new & m p]fect revelation ( ! ,law ( ,god2 = t is common to bo? ! disp5sations4 ,no jot or tittle ( x c be lo/ "u ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & z little c a jot or tittle be add$4 ,god's law is bas$ on ,8 nature1 & t is et]nal & un*angeable1 comp>e ,mal4 iii4 #bb 7iv4 #d74 ,! revelation ( ! ,law does n belong to ! go+ out f ,egypt1 to :i* ! mak+ ( ! =m] cov5ant is "h attribut$1 b to ,s9ai4 ,z little c ! disc\rse be ( ! introduction ( an entirely new relation1 :i* is n f\nd$ at all ^u ! =m] "o4 ,on ?is subject1 ,david ,kim*i's rem>k is q p]t95t3 ,x w n be ! newness ( ! cov5ant1 b its /ability4 ,! cov5ant ) ,israel is an ev]la/+ cov5ant4 ,jehovah w\ld n be ,jehovah1 if an entirely new comm5cem5t c\ld take place2 ,greek3 leg de--s ! ,apo/le writes 9 ,rom4 xv4 #h--;,greek3 ,is\n ,*ri/on diakonon geg5/hai p]itoms hup] al!ias !\ eis to bebaisai tas epangelias tn pat]n4 ta de e?n hup] ele\s doxasai ton !on4 ,! s5d+ ( ,*ri/ ) ,8 gifts & bless+s1 ! mak+ ( ! ,new ,cov5ant1 is ?us ! consequ5ce ( ! cov5ant-fai?fulness ( ,god4 ,if !n ! ,old & ,new ,cov5ants are "h contra/$1 ! =m] _c designate ! relation ( ,god to ,israel p] se1 & 9 its :ole ext5t1 b x mu/ r designate ! =m] mode only1 9 :i* ?is relation 0 manife/$1--t :]eby ! ,"l _h1 up to ! "t ( ! ,prophet1 manife/$ himself z ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,) ?is =m] imp]fect =m1 ! future m p]fect =m is "h contra/$1 "u ! "n ( ! ,new ,cov5ant4 ,! ,new ,cov5ant :i* is to take ! place ( ! ,old1 :5 look+ to ! =m 7comp4 ,heb4 viii4 #ac3 ,greek3 en t lege94 ,ka9n1 pepalaike tn prtn4 to de palai\m5on kai graskon1 engus aphanism\71 is1 9 sub/ance1 ! realization ( ! ,old4 ,^! rem>ks are 9 p]fect h>mony ) t :i* 0 =m]ly said conc]n+ ! mean+ ( ,hebrew3 krt brit4 ,we saw t ?is expression does n designate an act only once done1 ,pg #dcc by :i* a cov5ant is solemnly sanction$1 b r t x is us$ ( e action1 by :i* a cov5ant-relation is in/itut$ or confirm$4--,if1 !n1 ! ,old ,cov5ant is ! =m] =m ( ! cov5ant ) ,israel2 & ! ,new ,cov5ant ! future =m ( x1 ano!r "q is3--,:i* among ! manifold diff]5ces ( ^? two =ms are "h specially reg>d$ by ! ,prophet8 ,! answ] to ?is "q is suppli$ by t :i* ! ,prophet decl>es conc]n+ ! ,new ,cov5ant4 ,= s9ce x is n to be l ! =m] cov5ant1 ! excell5ces ( ! ,new mu/ be z _m defects ( ! ,old4 ,^! excell5ces1 h[ev]1 are all ( a spiritual nature1--fir/1 ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 & !n ! writ+ ( ! ,law 9 ! he>t4 ,x foll[s f ?is1 t ! bless+s ( ! ,old ,cov5ant 7 pre-em95tly 7= we %all aft]w>ds see t an entire abs5ce ( ^! spiritual bless+s _c be spok5 (1 & t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,old & ! ,new ,cov5ant is1 9 ?is respect1 a relative "o only1 n an absolute "o7 ( an ext]nal nature2 & ?is is also sugge/$ by ! circum/ance1 t x is repres5t$ z be+ conclud$ :5 ! p 7 l$ out ( ,egypt2 9 :i* fact1 all ! lat] simil> deliv]ances & bless+s are compreh5d$4 ,! ,prophet1 if any "o1 _h le>n$ t1 9 ! way hi!rto pursu$1 !y c\ld n successfully cont9ue4 ,! s9fulness ( ! p _h1 at 8 "t1 manife/$ itself 9 su* fe>ful outbreaks1 t1 ev5 :5 look+ at ! matt] f a human po9t ( view1 he c\ld n b feel mo/ deeply t1 ) outw>d bless+s & gifts1 ) an outw>d deliv]ance f s]vitude1 ! p 7 v little b5efit$4 ,:at is ! use ( a m]cy :i*1 accord+ to div9e necessity1 mu/ be imm$iately foll[$ by a puni%m5t s mu* ! m sev]e8 ,! necess>y condition = ! true & la/+ be/[al ( outw>d salvation1 is ! be/[al ( ! int]nal salvation2 )\t ! latt] ! =m] is only a mock]y4 ,x is ?is int]nal salvation1 !re=e1 :i* is ! highe/ aim ( ! ,prophet's long+s2 to x he "h po9ts z ! highe/ bless+ ( ! ,future2 comp>e also *ap4 xxxii4 #dj3 ,& ,i make an ev]la/+ cov5ant ) !m1 & ,i w no m turn away f !m to d !m good1 & ,i w put my fe> 9 _! he>ts t !y %all n dep>t f me4--,! clos+ words ( v]4 #cb are frequ5tly misund]/ood4 ,pg #dcd ,! errone\s int]pretation ( ,hebrew3 awr by quia1 :i* is f\nd ) mo/ expositors1 is ( less consequ5ce4 ,hebrew3 awr indicates1 9 g5]al1 ! connection ) :at prec$es4 ,we may expla9 x ei!r by3 :i* my cov5ant !y brake1 z is done by ,ewald2 or1 s9ce 7,deut4 iii4 #bd7 !y brake my cov5ant1 9 :i* latt] case1 ,hebrew3 awr ref]s at ! same "t to ,i m>ry !m unto me4 ,we h "h f>!r c>ri$ out & detail$ t :i* previ\sly 0 said ( ! mak+ ( a new cov5ant2 & ! s5se is3 ,al?\gh !y h brok5 my =m] cov5ant1 yet ,i m>ry !m unto me1 or make a new cov5ant ) !m4 ,( great] importance is ! diff]5ce 9 ! int]pretation ( ,hebrew3 belti4 ,by f> ! great] numb] ( int]pret]s und]/& ?is s5su malo2 ! anci5t int]pret]s 9 do+ s ref] to ! words ,greek3 kag melsa autn1 7,heb4 viii4 #i72 b ^! c sc>cely prove any?+4 ,= ! au?or ( t epi/le1 ^: sole object x is to %[ t ! new cov5ant /&s high] ?an ! old--! insuffici5cy ( ! latt] 01 z ! ,prophet's expressions %[1 suffici5tly felt ev5 by ^? :o liv$ "u x--has1 9 ^! words1 :i* d n /& 9 any relation to ! object :i* he has 9 view1 foll[$ ! ,,lxx4 ,b x is a r d\btful & suspici\s circum/ance t1 9 det]m9+ ! s5se1 ^! int]pret]s greatly v>y4 ,"s1 ref]r+ to ! ,arabic1 expla9 ,hebrew3 bel by fa/idire2 o!rs1 z !y allege1 f ! ,hebrew usus loqu5di1 by to tyrannize4 ,?us1 e4g4 ,buddeus 7de pra]ogat4 fidelium ,n4 ,t4 9 ! ,miscell4 p4 #ajf73 ,we may readily und]/& !reby e sev]e *a/isem5t by ! neighb\r+ nations1 su* z frequ5tly happ5$3 !y did n rema9 9 my cov5ant1 !re=e ,i made !m to be> ! yoke ( o!rs1 ,greek3 melsa autn1 neglexi eos4 ,b we h already se5 7comp4 rem>ks on *ap4 iii4 #ad71 t = nei!r ( ^! significations is !re any f\ndation2 & ?is has be5 felt by ^? also :o1 9 ord] to br+ out a bad signification1 su* z1 accord+ to _! view1 ! text requires1 und]took to *ange ! read+1 z e4g4 ,cappellus1 :o w\ld read ,hebrew3 gelti1 & ,grotius1 :o w\ld read ,hebrew3 bhlti4#c ,! signification to betro? onesself1 to ,pg #dce take 9 m>riage1 :i* 9 t passage we v9dicat$ = ,hebrew3 bel ) ,hebrew3 b1 is1 "h too1 q applicable2 comp4 ,j]4 ii4 #a4 ,?is signification ! ,*aldee ,p>aphra/ too seems to h _h 9 view2 = he translates ,hebrew3 atreiti cupio vos1 delector vobis4 ,& is !re any?+ to indicate1 t "h ! reason is to be /at$1 :y ! old cov5ant is aboli%$8 ,t reason c be br\ght 9 only by v =c$ explanations 7comp4 e4g4 ,maur] & ,hitzig72 & x is1 moreov]1 suffici5tly express$1 z ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews has %[n4 ,ev5 9 ! ann\ncem5t ( a new cov5ant1 ! decl>ation is impli$ t ! old cov5ant 0 insuffici5t3 ,greek3 ei g> h prt eke9 n amemptos1 ouk an deut]as ezteito topos 7,heb4 viii4 #g71 z well z ! reason :y x 0 s1 viz41 on acc\nt ( human s9fulness & h>dness ( he>t1 :i* are n help$ & rem$i$ by pre-em95tly outw>d bless+s & b5efits1 be !y nev] s great4 ,?is _! =m] greatness is indicat$ by ! words3 ,:5 ,i took !m by ! h&1--words :i* imply ! mo/ t5d] love4 ,to ?is subjective cause ( ! insuffici5cy ( ! old cov5ant !re is a ref]5ce 9 ! words3 ,greek3 memphom5os g> autois legei1 9 ,heb4 viii4 #h1 :i* by ,de ,wette & ,bleek are errone\sly translat$3 ,= reprov+ly ,he says to !m4 ,! ,dative ,greek3 autois belongs to ,greek3 memphom5os 7comp4 ,ma?iae1 ,s4 #gje72 if x 7 o!rwise x w\ld be r$undant1 & w\ld ! less be 9 its place1 t ! disc\rse is n address$ to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,! reason :y a bett] cov5ant 0 requir$1 su* a "o ,greek3 htis epi kreittos9 epangeliais n5omo!ttai1 ,heb4 viii4 #f1 appe>s suffici5tly f t :i*1 9 v]s4 #cc1 #cd1 is said ( ?is new cov5ant 9 contra/ to ! old4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 x is r ! inf9ite love ( ,god1 ! greatness ( ,8 cov5ant-fai?fulness :i* are po9t$ out2 & ?is ?\ght is1 f among all o!rs1 be/ suit$ to ! context4 ,hebrew3 hmh & ,hebrew3 anki =m an emphatic contra/4 ,!y1 9 wick$ +ratitude1 h brok5 ! =m] cov5ant1 h %ak5 (f ! obligations ,pg #dcf :i* ,god's =m] m]cies impos$ ^u !m4 ,god too--s x might be expect$--ought n[ to annul ! old cov5ant1 & = ev] )draw f !m ! old m]cies4 ,b1 in/ead ( do+ s1 ,he grants ! new cov5ant1 ! great] m]cy4 ,he anew takes 9 m>riage apo/ate ,israel1 & 9 su* a mann] t n[ ! bond ( love becomes firm & inde/ructible4 ,bleek objects to our int]pretation3 ,! object is n ! city ( ,j]usalem1 or ev5 ! ,congregation ( ,israel1 b ! s+le ,israelites1 :o may inde$ be designat$ z ! *ildr5 ( ,jehovah1 b n z ,8 sp\se4 ,b1 9 su* p]sonifications1 x is q a common ?+ t ! real plurality %\ld take ! place ( ! ideal unity4 ,9 ,exod4 xxxiv4 #ae1 = in/ance1 x is said3 ,& !y g a :or+ aft] _! gods1--in/ead ( ! congregation1 to :i* ! :or+ prop]ly belongs1 7comp4 ,is4 lvii4 #g71 ! individual memb]s are m5tion$2 comp4 ,hos4 ii4 #a1 #b 7i4 #aj1 ii4 #ai74 ,v]4 #cc4 ,= ?is is ! cov5ant t ,i w make ) ! h\se ( ,israel aft] ^! days1 sai? ! ,"l3 ,i give my law 9 _! inw>d p>ts1 & w write x 9 _! he>ts2 & ,i w be _! ,god1 & !y %all be my p4 ,hebrew3 ki is1 by "s int]pret]s1 "h suppos$ to mean b2 s mu*1 only1 h[ev]1 is correct t b might also h be5 put2 = is "h q 9 its place4 ,! words3 ,n z ! cov5ant1 c41 9 ! prec$+ v]se1 are "h v9dicat$1 & exp&$ by a positive def9ition ( ! nature & sub/ance ( ! ,new ,cov5ant4 ,x is j because x is ( su* a nature1 t x is n l ! =m] cov5ant4 ,hebrew3 hh,m does n1 by any means1 z is errone\sly suppos$ by ,v5ema & ,hitzig1 ref] to ! days m5tion$ 9 v]4 #ca1 9 :i* ! ,new ,cov5ant 0 to be made4 ,^! days1 on ! contr>y1 are a designation ( ! ,pres5t2 aft] ^! days1 equival5t to ,hebrew3 bahrit himi,m at ! end ( days4 ,! ,prophet s repeat$ly & emphatically po9ts to ! ,future1 because unbelief & weak fai? imag9$ t1 ) ! ,pres5t1 ! hi/ory ( ! cov5ant-p 0 f9i%$1 & t no ,future 0 9 /ore = !m4 ,calv9 p]t95tly rem>ks3 ,x is j z if ! ,prophet _h said1 t ! grace ( :i* he 0 prophesy+ c\ld n be appreh5d$1 unless !y1 believ]s1 kept _! m9ds compos$1 & pati5tly wait$ until ! ,pg #dcg "t ( ! promis$ salvation _h come4 ,z reg>ds ! foll[+ enum]ation ( ! bless+s1 9 & by ! be/[al ( :i* ! new cov5ant-relation is to be e/abli%$1 ,v5ema v correctly rem>ks3 ,! bless+s are di/+ui%$ into radical or causal ones1 & subsequ5t or d]iv$ ones4 ,! second ,hebrew3 ki1 9 v]4 #cd3 ,= ,i w =give _! s91 proves ! correctness ( ?is division1 :i* is also po9t$ out by ! ,a?na*4--,hebrew3 tvrh is1 by _m int]pret]s1 "h und]/ood to signify doctr9e4 ,?us ,buddeus3 ,by ! ^w ,hebrew3 tvrh1 ! :ole ,new ,te/am5t doctr9e is to be und]/ood4 ,?is int]pretation1 h[ev]1 is objectionable1 & de/ructive ( ! s5se1 ,hebrew3 tvrh nev] means doctr9e1 b always law2 & ! fact t x is only ! law ( ,god1 ! et]nal expression ( ,8 nature1 & common1 !re=e1 to bo? ! ,old & ,new ,cov5ants1 :i* c be "h spok5 (1 & n a new con/itution = ! latt]1 is se5 f ! ref]5ce 9 :i* ! giv+ 9 ! inw>d p>ts & ! writ+ on ! he>t 7! tables ( ! he>t1 #b ,cor4 iii4 #c71 /&s to ! outw>d communication & ! writ+ on ! tables ( /one on ,s9ai4 ,! law is ! same2 ! relation only is diff]5t 9 :i* ,god places x to man1 7lex cum hom9e conciliatur quasi1 ,mi*aelis47 ,"o might easily inf] f ! passage be=e u a confirmation ( ! error1 t ! law "u ! ,old ,cov5ant 0 only an outw>d dead lett]4 ,aga9/ ?is error ,buddeus already cont5d$1 :o1 ,s4 #aag1 ackn[l$ges t x is a relative diff]5ce & contra/ only1 :i* are "h spok5 ( ,he says3 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 ! case ) ! ,old ,te/am5t believ]s also2 "h1 h[ev]1 ,god promises a ri*] fulness & high] degree ( ?is bless+4 ,calv9 decl>es ! op9ion t1 "u ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation1 !re did n exi/ any reg5]ation1 to be absurd1 & says3 we "k t1 "u ! ,law1 ! grace ( ,god 0 r>e & d>k2 b t1 "u ! ,gospel1 ! gifts ( ! ,_s 7 p\r$ out1 & t ,god dealt mu* m lib]ally ) ,8 ,*ur*4 ,! idea ( a purely outw>d giv+ ( ! ,law is inde$ "o :i* is q inconceivable4 ,god w\ld1 9 t case1 h done no?+ else t[>ds ,israel ?an ,he did to ! traitor ,judas1 9 ^: consci5ce ,he proclaim$ ,8 holy ,law1 )\t communicat+ to him /r5g? = rep5tance4 ,b su* a proce$+ c be conceiv$ (1 only :]e !re is a subjective impossibility ,pg #dch ( ,greek3 anaka9ize9 eis metanoian4 ,e outw>d manife/ation ( ,god mu/1 accord+ to ! con/itution ( human nature1 be accompani$ by ! inw>d manife/ation1 s9ce x is inconceivable t ,he :o kn[s our nature1 %\ld mock u by ! semblance ( a bless+4 ,z soon z we "k ! outw>d fact ( ! deliv]ance f ,egypt1 we "k1 at ! same "t1 t ,god has !n p[]fully t\*$ ! he>t ( ,israel4 ,z soon z x is e/abli%$ t ! ,law on ,s9ai 0 writt5 on tables ( /one by ! f+] ( ,god1 x is also e/abli%$ t ,he1 at ! same "t1 wrote x on ! tables ( ,israel's he>t4 ,b t :i* is ?us impli$ 9 ! matt] itself1 is confirm$ by ! te/imony ( hi/ory4 ,9 ! ,law itself1 circumcision is designat$ z ! pl$ge & seal ( ! be/[al1 n m]ely ( outw>d bless+s1 b ( ! circumcision ( ! he>t1 ( ! removal ( s9 atta*+ to e "o by bir?2 s t man c love ,god ) all 8 he>t1 all 8 sold1 & all 8 p[]s1 ,deut4 xxx4 #f4 ,?is circumcision ( ! he>t :i*1 9 ! outw>d circumcision1 0 at ! same "t requir$ & promis$ by ,god 7comp4 ,deut4 l4 c4 ) x4 #af71 is n sub/antially diff]5t f ! writ+ ( ! ,law on ! he>t4 ,f>!r--,if ! ,law ( ! ,"l _h1 = ,israel1 be5 a m]e outw>d lett]1 h[ c\ld ! animat$ praise ( x 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures1 e4g41 9 ,ps4 xix41 be acc\nt$ =8 ,surely1 a bridge mu/ already h be5 =m$ betwe5 ! ,law & him :o c speak ( x z rejoic+ ! he>t1 z enlight5+ ! eyes1 z conv]t+ ! s\l1 z sweet] ?an honey & ! honeycomb4 ,t is no m ! ,law 9 its isolation :i* worke? wra?1 b x is ! ,law 9 its connection ) ! ,_s1 ^: comm&m5ts are n griev\s2 comp4 my comm5t>y on ,ps4 xix4 #h ff4 ,a new he>t 0 creat$ "u ! ,old ,te/am5t also1 ,ps4 li4 #ab2 & n to "k ! nature ( ?is creation 01 = a tea*] 9 ,israel1 ! highe/ disgrace1 ,john iii4 #aj4 ,yea1 t :i* is "h promis$ = ! ,future1 a pi\s memb] ( ! ,old ,cov5ant expresses1 9 ,ps4 xl4 #i1 9 ! same =m1 z be+ already grant$ to him z 8 pres5t spiritual condition3 ,i delight to d ?y w1 ,o my ,god1 & ?y ,law is 9 ! mid/ ( my b[els1--words :i* imply ! same contra/ to ! ,law z outw>d lett]1 z be+ writt5 on tables ( /one1 comp4 ,prov4 iii4 #a-c3 ,my son1 ,pg #dci =get n my law1 & let ?9e he>t keep my comm&m5ts 444 b9d !m ab\t ?y neck1 write !m ^u ! table ( ?9e he>t2 comp>e my comm5t>y on ,psalms1 ,vol4 iii4 p4 lxvii4--,b h[ is x to be expla9$ t ! contr>iety :i*1 9 itself1 is relative1 appe>s "h "u ! =m ( ! absolute contr>iety1--! diff]5ce 9 degree1 z a diff]5ce 9 k9d8 ,evid5tly 9 ! same mann] z ! same ph5om5on mu/ be expla9$ else:]e also1 e4g4 ,john i4 #ag1 :]e x is said t ! ,law 0 giv5 by ,moses1 b m]cy & tru? by ,*ri/4 ,by ov]look+ ?is fact1 s _m errors h be5 call$ =?4 ,! bless+s ( ! ,old ,cov5ant :i*1 :5 consid]$ 9 !mselves1 are s important & ri*1 appe>1 :5 comp>$ ) ! mu* full] & m important bless+s ( ! ,new ,cov5ant1 to be s trifl+ t !y vani% entirely out ( sight4 ,x is q simil> :51 9 *ap4 iii4 #af1 ! ,prophet repres5ts ! highe/ sanctu>y ( ! ,old ,cov5ant1 ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 z s9k+ into entire oblivion 9 future2 :51 9 *ap4 xxiii4 #g1 #h1 he describes ! deliv]ance f ,egypt z no long] wor?y ( be+ m5tion$4 ,p>allel to ! passage "u consid]ation is ! promise ( ,joel ( ! p\r+ out ( ! ,_s1 *ap4 iii4 #a1 #b 7ii4 #bh1 #bi72 s t t :i* we rem>k$ on t passage1 is applicable "h also4 ,b1 9 t passage1 ! relative nature ( ! promise appe>s m cle>ly ?an x does "h1 j because1 9 g5]al1 "u ! ,new ,cov5ant1 9 its relation to ! ,old1 !re is n[h]e an absolutely new beg9n+1 b always a completion only 7j 9 ! same mann] z1 on ! o!r h&1 "u ! ,new ,cov5ant itself1 x is 9 ! relation ( ! regnum gloriae to ! regnum gratiae74 ,joel1 9 ref]5ce to ! communication ( ! ,_s1 puts ! abundance 9 ! place ( ! sc>city2 ! _m 9 ! place ( ! few4 ,comp>e1 moreov]1 *ap4 xxiv4 #g3 ,& ,i give !m a he>t to "k me1 t ,i am ! ,"l2 & !y %all be my p1 & ,i w be _! ,god2 xxxii4 #ci3 ,& ,i give !m "o he>t & "o way1 t !y may fe> me = ev]1 = ! good ( !m & ( _! *ildr5 aft] !m2 b especially ,ezek4 xi4 #ai1 #bj1 xxxvi4 #bf1 #bg4--,! rem>ks ( ,jewi% int]pret]s on ! passage "u consid]ation1 9 :i* !y _c avoid see+ t1 9 x1 a purely moral revelation is prophesi$1 ,pg #ddj 9 contra/ to a m]e ext]nal "o1 cle>ly %[ h[ /rongly ! ,old ,te/am5t is oppos$ to t c>nal ,jewi% delusion ( ! condition ( ! ,messianic ,k+dom 7z x is mo/ gl>+ly express$ 9 ! ,talmudic passage ,masse*et ,sanh$rim1 fol4 #aai3 ,!re is no o!r diff]5ce betwe5 ! days ( ! ,messiah & ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 except+ only t ! k+doms %all be our slaves71--a delusion :i* is q analog\s to ! expectations :i* are ent]ta9$ by revolutioni/s conc]n+ ! ,future1 & :i* fl[ f ! same s\rce4 ,?us ,rabbi ,be*ai 7see ,fris*mu?7 rem>ks3 ,?is means t e evil concupisc5ce %all be tak5 away1 & e desire to covet any ?+2 ,moses ,na*manides 7ibid4 ,s4 #hfa73 ,& ?is is no?+ else ?an t e evil concupisc5ce %all be tak5 away1 s t ! he>t1 by an int]nal impulse1 does :at is "r4--,9 ! days ( ,messiah !re w n exi/ any evil desire1 b1 f ! impulse ( 8 nature1 man w d :at is "r4 ,& !re w1 !re=e1 n be innoc5ce & guilt1 inasmu* z ^! dep5d ^u concupisc5ce4 ,b if once b5t ^u x1 pre-conceiv$ op9ions w ov]come e1 ev5 ! /ronge/1 contradiction (f]$ by ! matt] itself ,?is may be se5 f ! example ( ,grotius1 :o "h expla9s3 ,i w cause t all ( !m keep my ,law 9 memory1--9 ! fir/ in/ance1 by ! multitude ( synagogues :i*1 at t "t1 7 built1 & 9 :i* ! ,law 0 taught ?rice a-week4 ,?rice a-week6 ,surely t w produce fir/-rate m51 viz41 su* z are describ$ 9 ,isa4 lviii4 #b4 ,x is n )\t mean+1 t ! words3 ,& ,i w be _! ,god1 c41 foll[ ^u3 ,& ,i give my ,law 9 _! inw>d p>ts1 c4 ,! ,law is ! expression ( ,god's nature2 x is only by ! ,law be+ writt5 9 ! he>t t man c become a p>tak] ( ,god's nature2 t ,8 "n c be sanctifi$ 9 him4 ,& x is ?is p>ticipation 9 ! nature ( ,god1 ?is sanctification ( ,god's "n1 :i* =ms ! f\ndation (3 ,i w be _! ,god1 & !y %all be my p4 ,)\t ?is1 ! relation _c exi/ at all1 z truly z ,god is n an idol1 b ! ,true & ,holy ,"o4 ,^! words express1 z ,buddeus1 ,s4 #id1 rightly rem>ks3 ,t ,he w imp>t himself altoge!r to !m4 ,b h[ 7 x possible t ,god1 ) ,8 bless+s & gifts1 %\ld ,pg #dda imp>t himself entirely & unconditionally to !m :o are n ( ,8 nature8 ,( all unnatural ?+s1 ?is w\ld be ! mo/ unnatural4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 likewise ! relative "* ( ! promise mo/ cle>ly appe>s4 ,z e>ly z to ,abraham1 ,god _h promis$ t ,he w\ld be a ,god to him1 & to 8 se$ aft] him2 & ?is promise he _h aft]w>ds repeat$ to ! :ole p1 ,lev4 xxvi4 #ab1 comp4 ,exod4 xxix4 #de3 ,& ,i dwell 9 ! mid/ ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel & w be _! ,god4 ,9 ! consci\sness t ?is promise 0 fulfill$ 9 ! "t !n pres5t1 ,david exclaims 9 ,ps4 xxxiii4 #ab3 ,bless$ is ! nation ^: ,god is ,jehovah1 ! g5]ation :om ,he ha? *os5 = ,8 inh]itance4 ,h5ce1 "h too1 !re is no?+ absolutely new4 ,if su* 7 ! subject ( disc\rse1 !n ! :ole ,k+dom ( ,god "u ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation w\ld be *ang$ into a m]e semblance & illusion4 ,b ! small measure ( ! condition--) :i* ev5 ,god himself _c disp5se1 b ( :i* ,he may v\*safe a l>g] measure1 viz41 ! writ+ ( ! ,law 9 ! he>t1 :]eby man becomes a copy ( ,god1 ! p]sonal ,law--0 necess>ily accompani$ by ! small measure ( ! consequ5ce1 ,! p]fect fulfilm5t ( ,god's promise to ,abraham & ,israel1 to :i* ! prophet "h alludes1 c\ld1 !re=e1 be expect$ f ! future only4 ,v]4 #cd4 ,& !y %all tea* no m a man 8 neighb\r1 & a man 8 bro!r1 say+3 ,"k ! ,"l2 = !y all %all "k me1 small & great1 sai? ! ,"l2 = ,i w =give _! iniquity1 & ,i w rememb] _! s9 no m4 ,ev5 f anci5t times1 ! fir/ hemi/i* ( ! v]se has creat$ great emb>rassm5t to int]pret]s1 f :i* v few ( !m1 n except+ ev5 ,calv91 manage to extricate !mselves skilfully4 ,! decl>ation t1 because all w be taught by ,god1 human in/ruction 9 ?+s div9e is to cease1 has1 at fir/ sight1 some?+ fanatical 9 x1 &1 inde$1 0 made use ( by ,anabapti/s & o!r en?usia/s 9 v9dication ( _! delusion4#d ,_m int]pret]s attempt an evasion1 ,pg #ddb by ref]r+ ! words to ! future life2 ?us ,!odoret1 ,augu/9e1 7de ,_s4 et lit4 c4 #bd7 & ,e/e1 :o1 9 a mann] almo/ nave1 rem>ks3 ,?is difficulty1 x seems1 is v simply avoid$ by ^? :o ref] ?is promise to ! future _w1 :]e1 no d\bt1 all c>e ab\t tea*+ w cease4 ,b ! matt] is1 inde$1 n at all difficult4 ,all t is necess>y is to keep 9 m9d t human in/ruction is "h exclud$1 9 s f> only z x is oppos$ to div9e in/ruction conc]n+ ,god himself2 t h5ce1 t :i* is "h spok5 (1 is m]e human in/ruction1 by :i* m5 are tra9$ & drill$ 9 religion1 j z 9 e o!r bran* ( common k1--a result ( :i* is1 t !y may le>n = ev] )\t ev] com+ to ! k ( ! tru?4 ,su* an in/ruction may be productive ( hi/orical fai?1 ( belief 9 human au?ority2 b x is j by ?is1 t ! nature ( religion w be altoge!r de/roy$4 ,ev5 ! true ,god becomes an idol :5 ,he is n kn[n ?r\gh himself1 :5 ,he himself does n prep>e ! he>t z a place to dwell 94 ,he is1 & rema9s a m]e idea t c imp>t no /r5g? 9 ! /ruggle aga9/ s9 :i* is a real p[]1 & no com=t 9 affliction4 ,n[1 su* a condition 0 v frequ5t "u ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation4 ,! mass ( ! p possess$ only a k ( ,god1 :i* 0 *iefly1 al?\gh n exclusively1 obta9$ ?r\gh human in/rum5tality4 ,by ! ,new ,cov5ant1 ri*] gifts ( ! ,_s 7 to be be/[$1 & along ) !m1 ! numb] ( ^? 0 to be increas$ :o 7 to p>take 9 !m1 j z ,isaiah1 9 *ap4 vii4 #af1 repres5ts believ]s "u ! ,old ,te/am5t z be+ taught by ! ,"l1 :ile 9 *ap4 liv4 #ac1 9 ref]5ce to ! ,messianic "t1 he ann\nces3 ,& all ?y *ildr5 %all be taught ( ! ,"l4 ,"u ! ,new ,cov5ant1 ! anti!sis ( tea*+ by ,god1 & tea*+ by man1 is to cease4 ,! tea*]s d n tea* 9 _! own /r5g?1 b z s]vants & in/rum5ts ( ! ,"l4 ,x is n !y :o speak1 ,init ! ,holy ,_s 9 !m4 ,^? :o are taught by !m he> ! ^w t comes to !m ?r\gh m51 n z man's ^w1 b z ,god's ^w2 & !y receive x1 n because x satisfies _! limit$ human reason1 b because ! ,_s te/ifies t ! ,_s is tru?4 ,h[ ?is anti!sis is done away )1 & reconcil$ 9 a high] unity1 is1 among o!r passages1 ,pg #ddc %[n by #b ,cor4 iii4 #c3 ,y are an epi/le ( ,*ri/ m9i/]$ by u1 writt5 n ) ink1 b ) ! ,_s ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,!y are ,greek3 !odidaktoi1 b ?r\gh ! m9i/ry ( ! ,apo/le :o1 9 s f> z he p]=ms ?is s]vice1 is n diff]5t f ,god1 b only a conductor ( ,8 p[]1 a *annel ?r\gh :i* ! oil ( ! ,holy ,_s fl[s to ! ,*ur* ( ,god2 comp>e rem>ks on ,ze*4 iv4 ,! same is taught 9 #a ,john ii4 #bj3 ,greek3 ,kai humeis *risma e*ete apo t\ hagi\1 kai oidate panta4 ,ouk egrapsa hum91 hoti ouk oidate tn al!ian1 all'hoti oidate autn4 ,v]4 #bg3 ,greek3 ,kai humeis to *risma1 ho elabete ap'aut\1 en hum91 m5ei kai ou *reian e*ete1 h9a tis didask humas1 all'hos to auto *risma didaskei humas p]i pantn k4 t4 l4 ,! ,greek3 didaske9 "h signifies ! human tea*+ 9 contra/ to t :i* is div9e1 su* an "o z und]takes by its own p[] to "w k 9 him :o is taught4 ,su* a tea*+ _c take place "u ! new cov5ant4 ,a fundam5tal k is already imp>t$ to all its memb]s2 ! ,greek3 p>akltos1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 alone tea*es !m1 ,john xiv4 #bf2 ,he leads !m into all tru?1 ,john xvi4 #ac4 ,b1 j because ?is is ! case1 ! tea*+ by means ( ^? :om ,god has giv51 9 ,8 ,*ur*1 z apo/les1 prophets1 evangeli/s1 tea*]s 7,eph4 iv4 #aa71 to :om ,he has communicat$ ,8 ,greek3 *>ismata1 is q 9 its place4 ,! apo/le writes j because !y "k ! tru?4 ,if x 7 o!rwise1 8 ef=ts w\ld be altoge!r 9 va94 ,( :at use is x to give in/ruction ab\t col\rs to him :o is bl9d8 ,9 ?+s div9e1 ! tru? becomes tru? to ! s+le individual1 only because 8 k ( ,god is f\nd$ on 8 be+ 9 ,god2 & t c be accompli%$ only by 8 be+ connect$ to ,god ?r\gh ,god4 ,be+1 life1 & h5ce1 also1 real liv+ k1 c proce$ only f ! f\nta9 ( all be+ & life4 ,b 9 ! case ( ^? :o are 9 ,god1 :o possess ! fundam5tal k1 ?is k mu/ be develop$1 c>ri$ on1 & br\ght to full consci\sness ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ^? to :om ,god has grant$ ! gifts = x4 ,a glance into ! deep mean+ ( our passage 0 obta9$ by ! au?or ( ! book ,jelamm$5u1 :i* is quot$ by ,ab>banel 79 ,fris*mu?1 ,s4 #hfc72 he says3 ,"u ! pres5t disp5sation1 ,israel le>ns ! ,law f mortal m51 & !re=e =gets x2 = z fle% & blood pass away 7comp4 ,pg #ddd ,matt4 xvi4 #ag1 :]e ! anti!sis exi/+ betwe5 a k ( div9e ?+s :i* re/s on human gr\nd1 & t :i* re/s on div9e gr\nd1 is br\ght be=e u 9 its /ricte/ =m71 s also its in/ruction passes away4 ,b a "t %all come :5 a man %all n le>n f ! m\? ( a man1 b f ! m\? ( ! bless$ ,god1 = x is writt53 ',all ?y *ildr5 %all be taught by ,god4',9 ^! words1 x is impli$ t hi!rto ! k ( ! ,law 0 an artificial "o obta9$ by mortal m54 ,b = t reason1 x _c /& long1 = ! effect /&s 9 proportion to its cause4 ,at ! "t ( ! deliv]ance1 h[ev]1 ! k ( ! ,law w be obta9$ 9 a miracul\s mann]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 q obvi\s t ?is promise1 too1 mu/ be und]/ood relatively only4 ,all ! pi\s m5 ( ! ,old ,cov5ant 7 ,greek3 !odidaktoi2 & "u ! ,new ,cov5ant1 ! numb] ( ^? is inf9itely great :o1 ?r\gh _! own guilt1 /& to tru? 9 a relation :i* is entirely or preem95tly m$iate4--,in/ead ( ! small1 by way ( individualization1 s]vants & h&maids are m5tion$ 9 ,joel iii4 #b 7ii4 #bi72 comp>e rem>ks on ,rev4 xi4 #ah4--,we h already se5 t 9 ! la/ words ( ! v]se1 ! fundam5tal bless+ is promis$4 ,b :e!r ,hebrew3 ki be ref]r$ only to t :i* imm$iately prec$es1 or to e ?+ :i* goes be=e 7,v5ema3 vocala ,hebrew3 ki non ad proxime praec$5tia ref]5da1 s$ ad totam p]icopam1 qua bona fo$]is rec5sita sunt1 ext5da71 am\nts to ne>ly ! same ?+2 = t :i* imm$iately prec$es includes all ! re/4 ,we h be=e u no?+ b designations ( ! same ?+ f v>i\s aspects2 ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u ! ri*] be/[al ( ! gifts ( ! ,_s4 ,?is has ! =giv5ess ( s9s = its necess>y f\ndation2 =1 be=e ,god c give1 ,he mu/ fir/ take4 ,! s9s :i* sep>ate ! p & _! ,god f "o ano!r1 mu/ fir/ be tak5 away2 x is !n only t ! inw>d means c be be/[$1 s t ! p may become truly ,god's p1 & ,god's "n may be sanctifi$ 9 !m4 ,x is obvi\s t1 "h too1 a relative diff]5ce only betwe5 ! ,old & ,new ,cov5ant c be spok5 ( ,a cov5ant-p )\t =giv5ess ( s9s is no cov5ant-p2 a ,god ) :om !re is n =giv5ess1 9 ord] t ,he may be fe>$1 :o does n heal ! bones ,pg #dde :i* ,he has brok51 :o 9 ?is respect gives promises = ! ,future only1 is no ,god1 & no bless+4 ,= if ,he does n grant ?is1 ,he _c grant any ?+ else1 inasmu* z e ?+ else implies ?is1 & is ( no value )\t x4 ,=giv5ess ( s9s is ! ess5ce ( ! ,passov] z ! fea/ ( ! cov5ant4 ,on ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 x 0 repres5t$ by ! ,cappore? 7see ,g5u95ess ( ! ,p5tateu*1 ,vol4 ii41 p4 #ebe f474 ,)\t x ! s9-(f]+s appo9t$ by ,god are a lie2 )\t x1 all t is untrue :i* ,god says ( himself z ! cov5ant-,god1 t ,he is graci\s & m]ciful1 ,exod4 xxxiv4 #f4 ,! holy ,psalmi/s (t5 ackn[l$ge ) praise & ?anks t ,god has =giv5 s9s2 comp4 e4g4 ,ps4 lxxxv4 #c3 ,?\ ha/ tak5 away ! iniquities ( ?y p1 ?\ ha/ cov]$ all _! s9s4 ,9 ! same mann] !y are l\d 9 prais+ ! high bless+ be/[$ ^u ! individual by ! =giv5ess ( s9s2 comp4 ,ps4 xxxii4 #ea4 ,! consci\sness t _! s9s are =giv51 =ms ! f\ndation ( ! disposition ( he>t :i* we p]ceive 9 ! ,psalmi/s2 see ,comm5t>y on ! ,psalms1 ,vol4 iii4 p4 lxv4 f4 ,:at a ,greek3 plrophoria--s ,buddeus rem>ks1 p4 #aji--:at a confid5ce1 :at a joy ( a tranquil & quiet consci5ce %9es =? 9 ! psalms & pray]s ( ,david6 ,we h ?us be=e u m]ely a diff]5ce 9 degree4 ,to ! believ]s ( t "t1 ! s9 ( ! cov5ant-p appe>$ to be too great to admit ( its be+ =giv54 ,driv5 away f ! face ( ! ,"l1 s !y imag9$1 x w\ld close its mis]able exi/5ce 9 ! l& ( ,nod2 nev] w\ld ! ,greek3 kairoi anapsuxes return4 ,b1 9 opposition to su* fe>s1 ! ,prophet decl>es1 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 t !y w\ld n only return1 b come1 = ! fir/ "t1 9 ! true & full s5se2 t :]e !y imag9$ to behold ! end to ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 !re w\ld be its real beg9n+2 t :]e s9 ab\nd$1 ! grace ( ,god %\ld !re s mu* ! m ab\nd4 ,only1 !y %\ld n despair1 & ?us place a b>ri] 9 ! way ( ,god's m]cy4 ,y\r ,god is n a m]e h>d task-ma/]2 ,he himself w s[ & !n reap1 z surely z ,he is ,god1 ! graci\s & m]ciful ,"o4 ,v]4 #ce4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 giv+ ! sun = a light by day1 & ! ord9ances ( ! moon & ( ! />s = ,pg #ddf a light by night1 agitat+ ! sea1 & ! waves !re( ro>1 ! ,"l ( ho/s is ,8 "n4 ,v]4 #cf4 ,if ^! ord9ances w cease be=e me1 sai? ! ,"l1 !n ! se$ ( ,israel also %all cease f be+ a nation be=e me = ev]4 ,int]pret]s commonly assume t1 already 9 v]4 #ce1 ! disc\rse is ( ! firm & immutable div9e laws :i* e ?+ mu/ obey4 ,b oppos$ to ?is view are ! words3 ,agitat+ ! sea1 & ! waves !re( ro>1 9 :i* no def9ite p]ceptible rule1 no un9t]rupt$ return takes place4 ,to ?is argum5t may be add$ ! comp>ison ( ! fundam5tal passage1 ,isa4 li4 #ae1 9 :i* ! omnipot5ce only ( ,god is to be br\ght out3 ,& ,i am ! ,"l ?y ,god1 :o agitates ! sea1 & its waves ro>1 ! ,"l ( ho/s is ,8 "n2 comp4 also ,amos4 ix4 #e1 #f4 ,x ?us appe>s t1 9 v]4 #ce1 ,god's omnipot5ce only is spok5 (1 :i* e/abli%es t ,he is ,god & n man2 & ?is =ms ! f\ndation = ! decl>ation set =? 9 v]4 #cf1 :i* is s full ( com=t = ! despair+ cov5ant-p1--! proposition1 namely1 t1 :ile all m5 are li>s1 ,he does n lie2 t ,he c nev] rep5t ( ,8 cov5ant & promises4 ,! ord9ances 7moon & />s are1 9 _! regul> return1 !mselves1 z x 71 embodi$ ord9ances71 are m5tion$ already 9 v]4 #ce1 because j ! circum/ance t1 accord+ to et]nal & inviolable laws1 sun & moon mu/ appe> e day at a fix$ "t1 & h done s = ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( ye>s1 te/ifies m /rongly = ,8 omnipot5ce & absolute p[]1 nev] liable to any =eign influ5ce or int]f]5ce1 ?an if !y at "o "t appe>$1 &1 at ano!r1 fail$ to appe>4 ,god's omnipot5ce1 z x is te/ifi$ by a look to nature 7,calv93 ,! ,prophet cont5ts himself ) po9t+ out :at ev5 boys knew1 viz41 t ! sun makes 8 daily circuit r\nd ! :ole e>?1 t ! moon does ! same1 & t ! />s 9 _! turn succe$1 s t1 z x 71 ! moon ) ! />s ex]cises dom9ion by night1 &1 aft]w>ds1 ! sun reigns by day71 results f ! fact t ,he is ! pure1 absolute1 be+ 7,jehovah ,8 "n1 comp4 rem>ks on ,mal4 iii4 #f72 & x is j because ,he is ?is1 t ,8 c\nsels1 :i* ,he decl>$ )\t any condition atta*$ to !m1 mu/ be ,pg #ddg un*angeable4 ,to believe t ,he has = ev] reject$ ,israel1 is to degrade ,him1 to make ,him an idol1 a creature4--,9 v]4 #cf1 ! immutability ( ,god's c\nsel ( grace is put on a level ) ! immutability ( ,god's ord] ( nature2 b ?is is done ) a view to ! weakness ( ! p1 :o receive1 = a pl$ge ( _! election1 t :i* is mo/ firm among visible ?+s2 s t e ris+ ( ! sun & moon is to !m a gu>antee ( x2 comp>e ,ps4 lxxxix4 #cg1 #ch4 ,b consid]$ 9 itself1 ! c\nsels ( ,god's grace are mu* firm] ?an ! ord] ( nature4 ,! heav5s wax old z a g>m5t1 & z a ve/ure ,he *anges !m & !y are *ang$ 7,ps4 cii4 #bg-bi72 heav5 & e>? %all pass away1 b ! ^w ( ,god %all n pass away4--,f *ap4 xxxiii4 #bd3 ,!y despise my p 7,hebrew3 emi7 t !y %\ld be /ill a nation 7,hebrew3 gvi7 be=e !m x appe>s :y x is t ,hebrew3 gvi is "h us$1 & n ,hebrew3 e,m4 ,! cov5ant-p 9 _! despair imag9$ t _! national exi/5ce1 :i*1 9 ! ,pres5t1 0 de/roy$1 0 gone = ev]4 ,if only _! national exi/5ce 0 sure1 !n also 0 _! exi/5ce z a cov5ant-p4 ,=1 j z _! national exi/5ce _h ceas$1 because !y _h ceas$ to be ! cov5ant-p1 s !y c\ld aga9 obta9 a national exi/5ce z ! cov5ant-p only4 ,v]4 #cg4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,if ! heav5s above be measur$1 & ! f\ndations ( ! e>? b5ea? be se>*$ out1 ,i w also ca/ (f all ! se$ ( ,israel1 = all t !y h done1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,x is n )\t mean+ t ! ,prophet s frequ5tly repeats3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l4 ,?is =m$ ! ,greek3 ,a & ,greek3 2 ,8 ^w 0 ! sole gr\nd ( hope = ,israel4 ,ap>t f x1 despair 0 z reasonable1 z n[ x 0 unreasonable4 ,! measur+ ( heav51 & ! se>*+ out ( ! inn]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>?1 come "h into consid]ation z ?+s impossible4 ,! words3 ,all ! se$ ( ,israel1 take f ! hypocrites t consolation :i* !y might be dispos$ to draw f ^! promises4 ,x is z mu* 9 opposition to ! nature ( ,god t ,he %\ld p]mit all ! se$ ( ,israel1 ! fai?ful ) ! unbeliev]s1 to p]i%1 z t ,he %\ld save all ! se$ ( ,israel1 unbeliev]s z well z believ]s4 ,! promise1 z well z ! ?reat5+1 always leaves a remnant4 ,all t ! cov5ant grants is1 t ! :ole _c ,pg #ddh p]i% 7! disc\rse is "h1 ( c\rse1 ( def9ite rejection72 b x gives no security to ! individual s9n]4 ,! words3 ,= all t !y h done1 are add$ int5tionally1 because ! greatness ( ! s9s ( ! p 0 ! punctum sali5s 9 ! believ]s'despair ( ! m]cy ( ,god4 ,calv9 says3 ,! ,prophet "h int5tionally br+s =w>d ! s9s ( ! p1 9 ord] t we may "k t ! grace ( ,god is great] /ill1 & t ! multitude ( s _m wick$ m5 w\ld n be an ob/acle to ,god's grant+ p>don4 ,v]4 #ch4 ,behold1 days1 sai? ! ,"l1 & ! city is built to ! ,"l f ! t[] ( ,hananeel unto ! gate ( ! corn]4 ,v]4 #ci4 ,& ! measur+ l9e goe? yet f>!r ov] aga9/ x1 ov] ! hill ,g>eb 7! lep]71 & turne? t[>ds ,goah 7place ( execution74 ,v]4 #dj4 ,& ! :ole valley ( ! c>casses & ( ! a%es1 & all ! fields unto ! brook ( ,kidron1 & f !nce unto ! horsegate1 t[>ds ! ,ea/1 7all ?is is7 hol9ess unto ! ,"l4 ,no m %all x be de/roy$1 nor %all x be laid wa/e = ev]4 ,?is prophecy embraces two features3 fir/1 ! re/oration ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 repres5t$ "u ! figure ( a re/oration ( ,j]usalem1 :i*1 "u ! ,old ,cov5ant1 0 its seat & c5tre 7x is ?is aspect only :i* ,ze*>iah1 9 resum+ ?is prophecy1 has br\ght =w>d 9 *ap4 xiv4 #aj72 &1 secondly1 ! glorification ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 :i* n[ is s /r5g!n$ & increas$1 t x c und]take to attack & assail ! d>k k+dom ( evil1 & subject x to itself1 :ile =m]ly x 0 attack$ & assail$ by x1 & (t5 c\ld n prev5t ! enemy f p5etrat+ into ! inn]mo/ he>t ( its t]ritory4 ,?is ?\ght ! ,prophet graphically clo!s 9 a p]ceptible =m1 & 9 su* a mann] t he describes h[ ! unholy places1 by :i* ,j]usalem1 ! holy city1 0 surr\nd$ on all sides1 are includ$ 9 its circumf]5ce1 & become hol9ess unto ! ,"l4 ,9 =m] times1 ! victory ( ! _w ov] ! ,k+dom ( ,god _h be5 embodi$ 9 ! fact1 t ! abom9ations ( s9 & idolatry _h p5etrat$ into ! v temple2 comp>e *ap4 vii4 #aa3 ,is !n ?is h\se1 :i* is call$ by ! "n ( ! ,"l1 a d5 ( robb]s1 sai? ! ,"l8 ,o!r passages w be m5tion$ :5 we come to comm5t ^u ,dan4 ix4 #bg4 ,?is inw>d victory mu/1 accord+ to div9e necessity1 ,pg #ddi be foll[$ by ! outw>d "o4 ,! cov5ant-p :i*1 inw>dly1 _h submitt$ to ! _w1 :i*1 by its own guilt1 _h pr(an$ itself1 01 outw>dly also1 giv5 up to ! _w1 & 0 pr(an$ 9 puni%m5t4 ,& ?is pr(anation1 inflict$ ^u x z a puni%m5t1 aga9 manife/$ itself j at t place1 :]e ! pr(anation by ! guilt _h *iefly manife/$ itself1 viz41 9 ! holy city1 & 9 ! holy temple4 ,x is ) a view to ! =m] manife/ation ( ! victory ( ! _w ov] ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 t "h ! victory ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god ov] ! _w is describ$2 & ! imag]y is j simple imag]y4 ,to ! outw>d hol9ess ( ! city & ( ! temple1 ! outw>d unhol9ess ( ! places ar\nd ,j]usalem is oppos$4 ,:ile ! victory ( ! _w ov] ! ,k+dom ( ,god _h be5 manife/$ by ! pr(anation ( ^! places1 ! victory ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god n[ appe>s "u ! image ( ! sanctification ( ^! =m]ly unholy places4 ,by :at means t great *ange _h be5 br\ght ab\t2 by :at means ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 :i* n[ lay s p[]lessly pro/rate1 %\ld aga9 obta9 p[]s :i* x _h nev] be=e possess$2 by :at means ! s]vant 0 to be *ang$ into a "l1 x 0 unnecess>y = ! ,prophet "h to po9t out2 x _h be5 already m5tion$ 9 v]s4 #cb-cd4 ,! diff]5ce consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! ,new ,cov5ant is n l ! ,old1 b t x fir/ furni%es ! "r weapons by :i* s9 & ! _w c be ov]come1 viz41 an inf9itely ri*] measure ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 ( ! graces ( ! ,_s4--,we mu/ /ill premise a g5]al rem>k conc]n+ ! det]m9ation ( ! b\nd>ies ( ! ,new ,j]usalem "h giv51 because ?is mu/ guide u 9 det]m9+ ! s+le d\btful places :i* are "h m5tion$4 ,! correct view has be5 already giv5 by ,vitr+a 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,isaiah xxx4 #cc3 ,! ,prophet promises to ! return+ ones ! re/oration ( ! city ( ,j]usalem 9 its :ole circumf]5ce2 & he describes x 9 ?is way1 t he beg9s f ! ,ea/]n wall1 passes on !nce1 ?r\gh ! ,nor? side1 to ! ,we/ side1 & !nce1 by ! ,s\? side1 returns to ! ,ea/4 ,= ! ,prophet beg9s ) ! t[] ( ,hananeel :i* 0 situat$ at ! ,ea/ side ( ! t[n1 ne> ! %eep-gate2 comp>e rem>ks on ,ze*4 xiv4 #aj4 ,!nce he proce$s to ,pg #dej ! corn]-gate1 :i* 0 situat$ 9 t corn] :]e ! ,nor? & ,ea/ met 7comp>e l4 c471 & h5ce compreh5ds ! :ole ,nor? side4 ,he closes ) ! horse-gate1 ( :i* he expressly /ates t x 0 situat$ t[>ds ! ,ea/1 & h5ce po9ts out t he _h aga9 arriv$ at ! place f :i* he set out4 ,we h ?us ga9$ a firm f\ndation = det]m9+ ^? among ! places m5tion$1 ! situation ( :i* is1 9 itself1 d\btful4--,let u n[ proce$ to ! consid]ation ( p>ticul>s4 ,aft] ,hebrew3 imi,m1 ! ,k]i ins]ts ,hebrew3 bai,m4 ,x is true t ?is full] expression is commonly us$ by ! ,prophet2 b1 = t v reason1 ! m concise "o is to be pref]r$1 :i* alone has ! au?ority ( ! ,,mss4 9 its fav\r1 :ile ! ,k]i is no?+ b a conjecture1 p]haps n ev5 t4 ,! full expression hav+ already occurr$ s frequ5tly 9 ! passage "u consid]ation1 ! ,prophet "h1 at ! close1 & = a *ange1 cont5ts himself ) ! m]e intimation4 ,! ,prophet says int5tionally3 ,! city is built to ! ,"l1 s t to ! ,"l mu/ be connect$ ) is built2 n ! city ( ! ,"l4 ,! latt] expression _h become s mu* a nom5 proprium ( ,j]usalem1 t ! full dep? ( its mean+ 0 no m ?\ght (4 ,?is new city is no m to be call$ simply ! city ( ! ,"l2 x is truly to be built to ! ,"l1 s t x belongs to ,him4--,9 ! fir/ two po9ts ( ! b\nd>y1 ! t[] ( ,hananeel & ! ,corn]-gate1 ! second ma9 idea ( ! passage does n yet come out s prom95tly4 ,?is is to be acc\nt$ = simply by ! circum/ance1 t on ! :ole ,nor? side ( ! t[n !re 0 n any unholy places4 ,! ,suffix 9 ,hebrew3 ngdv ref]s to ! ,corn]-gate2 ! measur+ l9e1 ,hebrew3 qvh accord+ to ! ,ke?ibh1 ,hebrew3 qv hmdh1 :i* is ! common =m1 accord+ to ! ,k]i1 goes yet f>!r ov] aga9/ x1 c4 ,by ! words ov] aga9/1 x is intimat$ t x n[ goes beyond ! =m] dim5sions ( ! t[n4 ,hebrew3 el ov] 7,hitzig errone\sly translates x t[>ds1 or by ! side ( x71 %[s t ! hill ,g>eb is includ$ )9 ! circumf]5ce ( ! new city4 ,f ! rem>ks =m]ly made1 x appe>s t ! hill ,g>eb1 & ,goah1 places :i* are n[h]e else m5tion$1 mu/ h be5 situat$ on ! ,we/ side2 &1 moreov]1 ,g>eb on ! ,nor?-we/ ,pg #dea side#e & ,goah on ! ,s\?-we/ side1 ,hebrew3 grb has no o!r signification ?an ! lep]2 & ! hill ( ! lep] c be ! hill only1 :]e ! lep]s _h _! abode4 ,=1 z e>ly z 9 ! second ye> aft] ! ,exodus f ,egypt1 ^! lep]s 7 oblig$ to rema9 )\t ! camp 7comp4 ,numb4 v4 #c3 ,)\t ! camp %all ye s5d !m1 & n %all !y defile _! camp 9 ! mid/ :]e( ,i dwell72 & ?is law 0 s /rictly en=c$1 t ev5 ,moses' si/] 0 remov$ out ( ! camp4 ,:5 !y _h come to ,canaan1 ! provisions ( ! law 9 ref]5ce to ! camp 7 transf]r$ to ! t[ns2 comp4 f>!r ,lev4 xiii4 #df3 ,all ! days t he has ! leprosy1 he %all be defil$2 he %all dwell alone1 )\t ! camp %all 8 habitation be2 ,luke xvii4 #ab4 ,ev5 ,uzziah c\ld n be releas$ f x2 he liv$ )\t ! city 9 ,be? ,*(%i?1 #b ,k+s xv4 #e1 :i* is commonly translat$ h\se ( ! sick1 in/ead ( h\se ( emancipation1 viz41 place :]e !y liv$1 :om ! ,"l _h manumitt$1 :o no m belong$ to ,8 s]vants2 comp>e rem>ks on ,psa4 lxxxviii4 #f4 ,ev5 9 ! k+dom ( ,israel !y 7 s /rict 9 ! execution ( ?is ,mosaic ord9ance 7"o f among ! numb]less pro(s :i* are oppos$ to ! curr5t views ( ! religi\s condition ( ?is k+dom1 & ( its relation to ! ,law ( ,moses71 t1 ev5 dur+ ! siege ( ,sam>ia1 ! lep]s 7 n all[$ to leave ! place be=e ! gate assign$ to !m1 #b ,k+s vii4 #c4--;,9 ord] m fully to und]/& ! mean+ ( our passage1 x is indisp5sable t we %\ld inquire into ! causes ( t regulation4 ,j4 ,d4 ,mi*aelis 7,mos4 ,re*t4 iv4 #baj7 has 8 answ] at once 9 read9ess1 & is s fully conv9c$ ( its be+ "r & to ! po9t1 t he does n ?9k x wor? :ile to m5tion any o!r view4 ,because to him ! temporal objects & aims are ! highe/1 he at once supposes !m ev]y:]e 9 ! ,law ( ! ,holy ,god also4 ,! ord9ance is to him no?+ b a sanit>y measure int5d$ to prev5t contagion4 ,b t w\ld surely be a degree ( sev]ity aga9/ ! sick :i* c\ld ! less be excus$ by a reg>d to ! heal?y1 t leprosy1 ,pg #deb if contagi\s at all1 is s1 at all ev5ts1 v slightly only1 & is nev] propagat$ by a s+le t\*4 7,mi*aelis himself rem>ks3 ,except 9 ! case ( cohabitation1 "o may be q safe47 ,b ?is sev]ity aga9/ ! sick mu/ appe> 9 a /ill m gl>+ light1 & ! conc]n = ! heal?y becomes ev5 ridicul\s1 :5 we take into consid]ation ! o!r regulations conc]n+ ! lep]s4 ,!y 7 oblig$ to g ab\t 9 torn clo!s1 b>e-head$1 & ) cov]$ *91 & to cry out to e t came ne> !m1 t !y 7 unclean4 ,ev5 ,mi*aelis grants t ^? regulations c\ld n be design$ to gu>d aga9/ infection4 ,he rem>ks3 ,b ! lep] %\ld n cause disgu/ to any "o by 8 really %ock+ appe>ance1 or t]ror by an accid5tal1 unexpect$ t\*4 ,b su* a s5tim5tal1 unm]ciful reg>d to ! t5d] n]ves is surely else:]e n to be p]ceiv$ 9 ! ,law1 :i* regulates all ! relations ( man to 8 neighb\r1 by ! pr9ciple3 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4 ,f>!r--,f m]e sanit>y or police consid]ations1 ! law 9 ref]5ce to ! leprosy ( ! clo!s & h\ses1 :i* is closely connect$ ) ! law ab\t ! leprosy ( m51 _c be acc\nt$ =4 ,! reason :i* ,mi*aelis advances = ! law 9 ref]5ce to ! clo!s1 is ( su* a nature1 t n ev5 ! mo/ ref9$ politicians h ev] yet ?\ght ( a simil> "o4 ,! leprosy ( ! h\ses is1 accord+ to him1 ! dry-rot1 :i*1 al?\gh n contagi\s1 0 s hateful to ,moses1 t1 out ( conc]n = ! heal? ( ! possessor1 & = ! goods kept 9 !m1 he ord]$ !m to be altoge!r pull$ d[n4 ,if ,moses _h ent]ta9$ ! views on ! p[] ( ! magi/rates :i* lie at ! f\ndation ( ?is1 he c\ld n h be5 an ambassador ( ,god1--ev5 ap>t altoge!r f ! absurdity ( ! measure4 ,b ! %all[ness & unt5abl5ess ( ,mi*aelis' view w appe> /ill m /rongly1 :5 we /ate ! positive argum5t = our view4 ,x is ?is3 ,leprosy is ! outw>d image ( s92 t1 !re=e1 :i* is done ^u ! lep]1 is1 9 reality1 done ^u ! s9n]4 ,e lep]1 !re=e1 0 a liv+ s]mon1 a l\d admonition to keep unspott$ f ! _w4 ,! exclusion ( ! lep]s f ! camp1 f ! holy city1 convey$ figuratively q ! same lesson1 z is done 9 ,words by ,john1 9 ,revel4 xxi4 #bg3 ,greek3 ,kai ou m eisel? eis autn ,pg #dec ,greek3 pan ko9on kai poi\n bdelugma kai pseudos1 & by ,paul1 9 ,ephes4 v4 #e3 ,greek3 t\to g> i/e g9skontes1 hoti pas pornos1 aka?>tos1 pleonekts 444 ouk e*ei klronomian en t basileia t\ ,*ri/\ kai ,!\2 comp4 ,gal4 v4 #ai1 #ba4 ,n[ x is cle>ly se5 :at is ! ,prophet's mean+ 9 includ+ ! hill ( ! lep]s 9 ! holy city4 ,t :i* hi!rto 0 unclean becomes clean2 ! ,k+dom ( ,god n[ does viol5ce to ! s9n]s1 :ile1 hi!rto1 ! s9n]s _h done viol5ce to ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,x is only :5 we take ?is view ( leprosy1 t we acc\nt = ! fact1 t j ?is disease s frequ5tly occurs z ! !ocratic puni%m5t ( s94 ,! image ( s9 is be/ suit$ = reflect+ x2 he :o is a s9n] be=e ,god1 is repres5t$ z a s9n] 9 ! eyes ( man also1 by ! circum/ance t he mu/ exhibit be=e m5 ! image ( s94 ,god took c>e t ord9>ily ! image & ! ?+ itself 7 p]fectly co9cid5t2 al?\gh1 no d\bt1 !re 7 exceptions1--cases :]e ,god1 accord+ to ,8 wise & holy purposes1 all[$ t "o relatively innoc5t 79 ! case ( a p]fectly innoc5t man1 if su* an "o exi/$1 t w\ld n be possible1 except 9 ! case ( ,*ri/ :o bore our disease71 _h to be> ! image ( s91 e4g41 9 ! case ( su* z 7 9 dang] ( self-righte\sness4 ,z a !ocratic puni%m5t1 leprosy is f\nd especially ) su* z _h secretly s9n$1 or _h surr\nd$ _! s9 ) a good appe>ance1 :i*1 9 ! eyes ( m51 prev5ts !m f appe>+ z s9n]s1 e4g41 9 ! case ( ,miriam1 ,uzziah1 ,gehazi1 #b ,k+s v4 #bg4 ,9 ! ,law1 !re are _m w>n+s aga9/ x1 e4g41 ,deut4 xxiv4 #h2 & ,david wi%es1 #b ,sam4 iii4 #bi1 t ! ?reat5+ ( ! ,law might be fulfill$ ^u ! h\se ( wick$ ,joab4 ,! leprosy ( h\ses1 too1 comes into consid]ation only z an image ( spiritual leprosy1 z is se5 f ! comm& 9 ,lev4 xiv4 #di3 ,& he %all take to cleanse ! h\se two birds1 & c$> wood1 & sc>let1 & hyssop2 v]4 #ec3 & make an atonem5t = ! h\se1 & x %all be clean4 ,! proc$ure "h is q ! same z t :i* 0 appli$ 9 ! case ( s9 & s9n]s2 & s9ce ! h\se _c s91 x foll[s t a symbolical action only c "h be spok5 (4--,goah1 9 ?is context1 9 ! mid/ ( unclean places1 c h>dly be any?+ else ?an "s unclean place2 & x is a v obvi\s supposition t ?is nature is express$ 9 ! v ,pg #ded "n4 ,?is signification int]pret]s usually endeav\r to obta9 by d]iv+ ! ^w f ,hebrew3 geh to ro>1 ( :i* x is prop]ly ! ,p>tic4 ,fem41 h5ce ! ro>+ "o2 b x is m easily obta9$ by adopt+ ! d]ivation f ,hebrew3 gve1 j z ,hebrew3 wve is d]iv$ f ,hebrew3 wve1 a d]ivation :i* 0 fir/ propos$ by ,hill]1 ,s4 #abg4 ,hebrew3 gve is us$ ( a viol5t dea?1 no less ?an ( a natural dea?2 ?us ,numb4 xvii4 #bg1 #bh1 ( a dea? l t ( ! company ( ,korah1 ,da?am1 & ,abiram2 comp4 ,ze*4 xiii4 #h4 ,?is d]ivation be+ assum$1 ,goah w\ld d5ote expir+1 hill#f ( expir+1 :i* w\ld be a v suitable "n ( ! place = ! execution ( crim9als4 ,vitr+a1 9 comm5t+ ^u ,is4 xxx4 #cc1 already express$ ! conjecture t ,goah1 ,hebrew3 gl gve? might p]haps be id5tical ) ,golgo?a1 b retract$ x1 because ! ,evangeli/s expla9 ,golgo?a by ,greek3 krani\ topos4 ,b ?is is no suffici5t & conclusive reason4 ,:5 ! ,aramean became ! prevail+ language1 ! "n ( ! place may h receiv$ a new etymology1 j z ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* d]ive ,greek3 pas*a1 f ,greek3 pas*e91 & _m simil> in/ances4 ,x has already be5 obs]v$ t ! appellation1 place ( skulls1 is r /range1 inasmu* z ! skulls did n rema9 9 ! place ( execution4#g ,! use ( skull = ! place ( skulls1 z well z ! omission ( ! ,l1 h be5 f\nd /range4 ,b all t is easily acc\nt$ =1 if ! new signification1 :i* sub/antially agre$ ) ! =m]1 0 m]ely transf]r$ to ! ^w4 ,! id5tity ( ,goah & ,golgo?a _c be disput$1--at lea/1 n f ! situation4 ,f ,heb4 xiii4 #ab1 x is c]ta9 t ,golgo?a1 z an unclean place1 0 situat$ outside ! city2 t x 0 situat$ on ! ,we/ side is1 x is ,pg #dee true1 te/ifi$ by tradition only2 comp4 ,krafft1 ,s4 #afh ff42 ,ritt]1 ,erdk4 xvi4 #a1 ,s4 #dbb ff4--,we n[ come to ! valley ( c>casses & ( a%es4 ,ev5 f ! position1 x becomes probable t ?is is ! valley ( ,h9nom4 ,! ,nor? & ,we/ sides are already done1 & h5ce ! ,s\? & ,ea/ sides only rema94 ,b ! valley ( ,h9nom 0 situat$ t[>ds ! ,s\?1 or ,s\?-ea/ ( ,j]usalem1 comp4 ,krafft1 ,s #b2 v4 ,raum]1 ,s4 #bfi4 ,! valley ( ! c>casses is "h br\ght into imm$iate connection ) all ! fields 7q4d41 all ! o!r fields71 unto ! brook ,kidron1 & is h5ce designat$ z a portion ( ! valley ( ,kidron4 ,b ! valley ( ,h9nom 0 ! ,s\!rn1 or ,s\?-ea/]n cont9uation ( ! valley ( ,kidron1 :i* ext5d$ on ! ,ea/ side4 ,to ?is x may be add$ t1 9 ?is context1 we mu/ necess>ily expect ! m5tion ( ! valley ( ,h9nom1 b t o!rwise x w\ld be want+4 ,among all ! unclean places ar\nd ,j]usalem1 ?is 0 ! mo/ unclean4 ,!re c\ld be no great] victory ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god ov] ! _w1 ?an if ?is /ricte/ anti!sis to ! holy city1 ?is image ( hell1 0 includ$ )9 ! ,holy ,city4 ,x is only ) respect to ! cause ( ! appellation1 t "s d\bt may exi/1 ,hebrew3 pgr1 ,hebrew3 pgri,m is a common designation ( dead bodies1 ( c>casses4 ,!re is n "o among ! tw5ty-two passages 9 :i* x occurs1 :]e x ref]s to deceas$ righte\s ones4 ,x is us$ ( ! dead bodies ( animals1 ( idols1 ,lev4 xxvi4 #cj2 ( ! dead bodies ( ^? :om ! ,"l has smitt5 9 ,8 ang] & wra?1 ,j]4 xxxiii4 #e2 #a ,sam4 xvii4 #df2 ,amos viii4 #c2 ,neh4 iii4 #c2 ,is4 lxvi4 #bd2 ( su* z are1 aft] dea?1 treat$ l bea/s1 ,j]4 i4 #di4 ,h5ce1 op9ions su* z t ( ,v5ema fall to ! gr\nd1 :o supposes t ! valley _h t "n1 because x 0 ! public bury+-gr\nd4 ,b !re is1 nev]!less1 scope = diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,"o may und]/& by ,hebrew3 pgri,m ! c>casses ( animals2--! valley ( ,h9nom w\ld1 9 t case1 be ! public flay+-gr\nd4 ,x is 9 itself probable1 & x is g5]ally held#h t1 aft] ! defilem5t by ,josiah 7#b ,k+s xxiii4 #aj71 x receiv$ ?is designation4 ,b !re are n want+ evid5t traces t1 ,pg #def ev5 9 =m] times1 ! valley s]v$ ?is purpose4 ,9 ,is4 xxx4 #cc1 x is said 9 ref]5ce to ! ,assyrians3 ,= ,tophet 7,ges5ius arbitr>ily *anges ! nom5 proprium into an appellativum1 & translates3 ! place = burn+7 is orda9$ ( old2 yea1 = ! k+ x is prep>$1 made deep & l>ge2 ! pile !re( has fire & wood 9 abundance4 ,?is passage supposes t1 ev5 at t "t1 ! valley ( ,h9nom1 or ,tophet 7:i* prop]ly is only a "p ( x1 b is sometimes1 h[ev]1 us$ = ! :ole71 _h t de/9ation2 t piles 7 con/antly burn+ 9 x1 on :i* ! c>casses ( animals 7 burn$4 ,su* a place ( execution & burial is already prep>$ = ! c>casses ( ! ,assyrians rebell+ aga9/ ,god4 ,ev5 ! exi/5ce ( ! "n ,tophet1 i4e41 horror1 abom9ation1 be>s witness to ! impure de/9ation4 ,! second passage is ,is4 lxvi4 #bd4 ,outside ! ,holy ,city1 ! place :]e =m]ly ! c>casses ( ! bea/s 7 ly+1 !re n[ lie ! dead bodies ( ! transgressors4 ,z ! =m] 71 9 times pa/1 food bo? = ! worms & fire1 s !y are n[4 ,x is true1 t ,vitr+a's objection1 t x c sc>cely be imag9$ t ! idolators %\ld h *os5 a place s unclean1 is v plausible4 ,b h[ plausible soev] su* an argum5t may appe>1 x _c invalidate di/9ct hi/orical te/imonies2 & x might v well be set aside1 al?\gh x w\ld lead u too f> away f our purpose1 to d s "h4 ,b x may also be suppos$ t ! ,prophet looks back to 8 own decl>ations1 *ap4 vii4 #ca1 & xix4 #d ff42 & t by ,hebrew3 pgri,m "h ! corpses ( transgressors are to be und]/ood1 :o are de/9$ to de/ruction1 & !re=e are to be buri$ 9 ! flay+-gr\nd4 ,b ?is ref]5ce is1 aft] all1 too f>-fet*$2 & x is m natural to say1 t ! nature ( ,tophet1 z ! flay+-gr\nd1 =ms ! f\ndation1 :i* is common to ^? passages & t be=e u4--,b1 besides ! argum5ts already advanc$1 !re is /ill a grammatical reason1 :i* %[s t x is really ! valley ( ,h9nom :i* is meant4 ,! article 9 ,hebrew3 hemq =bids u to view x z be+ 9 ! ,/at4 con/ruct4 & connect$ ) ! foll[+ words4 ,we mu/ translate3 ,& ! :ole valley1 7viz4 ! valley (7 ! c>casses & a%es4 ,! place is1 h5ce1 fir/ designat$ z ! valley1 )\t any fur!r qualification1 & receives ?is qualification only aft]w>ds4 ,b x is j ! valley ( ,h9nom :i*1 9 ,j]4 ii4 #bc1 is ,pg #deg designat$ z ! valley ,greek3 kat' exo*n1 & ! gate lead+ to x1 z ! gate ( ! valley1 9 ,neh4 ii4 #ac1 #ae2 comp4 rem>ks on ,ze*4 xi4 #ac4--;,9 ref]5ce to ,hebrew3 dw,n1 ,g\sset ,lex4 p4 #cfh1 rem>ks3 ,! words ,hebrew3 dw,n1 & ,hebrew3 dw,n are us$ only ( ! a%es ( ! sacrificial animals1 & _! removal4 ,?is obs]vation is confirm$ by e c>eful exam9ation ( ! passages 9 "q4 ,nev] are ,hebrew3 dw,n & ,hebrew3 dw,n us$ o!rwise ?an ( ! a%es ( sacrificial animals2 comp4 ,lev4 i4 #af2 vi4 #c1 #d2 #a ,k+s xiii4 #e2 ,numb4 iv4 #ac2 ,exod4 xxvii4 #c4 ,! d]ivation ( ! signification a%es1 f ! fundam5tal signification fat1 z advanc$ by ,w9] & o!rs 7c9is p+uefactio agrorum71 is !re=e wrong4 ,on ! contr>y1 ev5 ! burnt fat 0 /ill consid]$ z fat2 ! a%es ( ! fat are ! ,hebrew3 w>it1 ! residuum ( ! fat4 ,by ?is det]m9ation ( ! ^w1 ! explanation is v mu* facilitat$4 ,9 ,lev4 vi4 #c1 #aa1 x is said3 ,& he 7! prie/1 aft] hav+ (f]$ up ! burnt-(f]+7 %all put (f 8 g>m5ts1 & put on o!r g>m5ts1 & c>ry =? ! a%es )\t ! camp into a clean place4 ,accord+ to ?is regulation1 ! a%es ( ! sacrificial animals 7 consid]$ z relatively unclean4 ,! prie/ _h to put (f 8 holy g>m5ts1 & to put on common g>m5ts1 & to c>ry ! a%es )\t ! camp1--aft]w>ds )\t ! ,holy ,city4 ,h5ce1 9 contra/ to ! sacrifices !mselves1 ! a%es 7 consid]$ z ! impure residuum :i* is f\nd 9 ev]y?+ :i* m5 d 9 relation to ,god1 z ! image ( s9ful contam9ation atta*+ to all1 ev5 ! be/ works1 & to ! holie/ elevation ( ! he>t4 ,if1 !n1 ! place :]e ! a%es are deposit$ is to be includ$ )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! ,holy ,city2 is1 9 hol9ess1 to be equal to ! place :]e ! sacrifices !mselves are (f]$1--:at else c be signifi$ !reby1 ?an t ! unholy is to be ov]p[]$ by ! holy1 ! e>?ly by ! div9e1 by means ( a m glori\s communication ( ! ,holy ,_s8 ,x is q analog\s1 :5 ,ze*>iah repres5ts ! horses z be+ 9 future adorn$ by ! ,"l ) ! symbol ( hol9ess1 :i* =m]ly ! ,high-prie/ only wore2 comp>e rem>ks on ,ze*4 xiv4 #bj4 ,?is "o argum5t might be br\ght =w>d aga9/ ! explanation :i* we h giv51 viz41 t we _c well imag9e t ?is 0 ! de/9ation ( ,pg #deh ! valley ( ,h9nom1 because1 accord+ to ! ,law1 ! a%es ( ! sacrifices 7 to be c>ri$ to a clean place2 because t :i* once /ood 9 connection ) t :i* is mo/ holy & pure1 al?\gh1 9 itself1 x may be unclean1 mu/ n be m+l$ ) t :i* is absolutely & con/antly unclean4 ,b 9 opposition to ?is we rem>k1 t x 0 n ?is :ole valley t 0 unclean1 b only ! place ,tophet 9 x2 & t if sometimes ! :ole is designat$ z unclean1 x is only because x includ$ ?is mo/ unclean among all unclean places2 comp4 *ap4 vii4 #ca1 xxxii4 #ce2 #b ,k+s xxiii4 #aj4--,!re _c be any d\bt t ! ,hebrew3 wrmvt unto ! brook ,kidron are id5tical ) ! fields ( ,kidron1 ,hebrew3 wdmvt qdrv,n1 m5tion$ 9 #b ,k+s xxiii42 b mu* to be d\bt$ is ! correctness ( ! common supposition 7aft] ! example ( ,kuyp]s1 ad v>ia ,v4 ,t4 loca1 9 ! ,syll4 ,diss]t4 sub praes4 ,s*ult5s1 et ,s*ro$]i1 t4 #a4 p4 #ecg71 t ,hebrew3 wrmvt is id5tical ) ,hebrew3 wdmvt4 ,if t 7 ! case1 we c\ld n see :y ,j]emiah %\ld h ex*ang$ ! common ^w = an uncommon "o1 :i* else:]e does n occur4 ,j]emiah is fond ( ex*ang+ words ( simil> s\nds1 & especially words diff]+ f "o ano!r m]ely by "o lett]1 & especially by ,hebrew3 d & ,hebrew3 r2 b ^! ex*anges are always significant4 7,comp>e ,kp]4 ,j]em4 p4 xiv4 & #dc1 & ,hi/ory ( ,balaam1 p4 #ddg f47 ,al?\gh we _c1 ) c]ta9ty1 fix ! mean+ ( ,hebrew3 wrmvt1 yet s mu* seems to be sure1 t ?is ^w 0 "o :i* m accurately designat$ ! nature ( ^? places ?an ! curr5t nom5 proprium1 inasmu* z x w\ld be absurd to sub/itute = x ano!r "n1 if !re _h n be5 deep] reasons4 ,"o ne$ only comp>e ! ,hebrew3 hr hmw,hit itself :i*1 9 ! simple hi/orical prose1 is us$ ( ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 #b ,k+s xxiii4 #ac4 ,! mo/ simple & natural supposition is ! foll[+4 ,all ! significations ( ! v]bs ,arabic3 99991 ,arabic3 99991 ,arabic3 9999 9 ,arabic run toge!r 9 t ( cutt+ (f4 ,hebrew3 wdmvt ! ,plural ( ! ,fem99e ( ! ,adjective ,hebrew3 wrm are1 accord+ly1 loca abscissa1 places :i* are cut (f & exclud$ f ! ,holy ,city outw>dly 7,aq43 ,greek3 proa/eia71 &1 at ! same "t1 inw>dly4 ,?us we obta9 a /rik+ contra/ betwe5 _! pres5t nature & future de/9ation4 ,:at is n[ di/9ctly sep>at$ f ! holy1 ,pg #dei !n become hol9ess1 ,hebrew3 qdw4 ,f #b ,k+s xxiii4 x appe>s1 moreov]1 t ! fields ( ,kidron 7 unclean4 ,x 0 ?i!r z to an unclean place1 t ,josiah caus$ all ! abom9ations ( idolatry to be c>ri$1 & to be burnt2 comp4 v]4 #d 7,josiah comm&$ all ! vessels :i* _h be5 made to ,baal & ,a%]a to be br\ght =? out ( ! temple73 ,& he burn$ !m )\t ,j]usalem 9 ! fields ( ,kidron4 ,v]4 #f3 ,& he br\ght out ! ,a%]a out ( ! h\se ( ! ,"l1 )\t ,j]usalem1 unto ! brook ,kidron1 & he burn$ !m 9 ! valley ( ,kidron4444 ,& ca/ ! p[d] !re( ^u ! graves ( ! *ildr5 ( ! p4 ,^! la/ words 7! *ildr5 ( ! p ! mob1 high & l[1 :o _h pollut$ !mselves by idolatry1 comp4 #b ,*ron4 xxxiv4 #d3 ,& he /rew$ ! du/ ^u ! graves ( !m t _h sacrific$ unto !m7 enable u p]haps to conjecture ! cause ( ! uncleanness ( ^! fields4 ,!y s]v$ z a bury+ gr\nd to ! adh]5ts ( ! wor%ip ( ,molo*1 :o 7 anxi\s to re/ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( _! idol1 :i* dwelt 9 ! neighb\r+ ,tophet2 & ?is is ! m easily acc\nt$ =1 t x is v probable t ! sacrifices (f]$ up to ! idol 71 9 a great measure1 sacrifices (f]$ = ! dead4--,hebrew3 qdw lihvh ref]s to e ?+ m5tion$ 9 ! v]se be=e u4 ,z reg>ds ! la/ words1 comp4 ,rem>ks on ,ze*4 xiv4 #aa4 ,footnote #a3 ,! p]son ( ! ,messiah meets u z ! liv+ c5tre ( ! salvation 9 v]4 #i3 ,& !y s]ve ! ,"l _! ,god1 & ,david _! ,k+1 :om ,i w raise up unto !m2 on :i* words ,jona?an rem>ks3 ,& ! ,messiah ! ,son ( ,david2 & ,ab>banel3 ,?is is ,k+ ,messiah1 :o is ( ! h\se ( ,david1 & is !re=e call$ by 8 "n4 ,f ! p>allel passages1 ,hos4 iii4 #e2 ,is4 lv4 #c1 our passage diff]s 9 ?is1 t ,david "h does n1 z 9 ^? passages1 designate ! family ( ,david :i* c5tres 9 ,*ri/1 b ! p]son ( ! ,messiah4 ,! comm5t>y is furni%$ by *ap4 xxiii4 #e3 ,i raise unto ,david a righte\s ,spr\t4 ,! circum/ance1 t x is n ! ,spr\t ( ,david1 b ,david1 t is spok5 ( "h1 is expla9$ f a ref]5ce to ! words :i* ! t5 tribes spoke at _! rebellion1 #a ,k+s xii4 #af3 ,we h no portion 9 ,david1 nei!r h we inh]itance 9 ! ,son ( ,jesse4 ,to y\r t5ts1 ,o ,israel4 ,to ! p]son ( ! ,messiah ! ,prophet rev]ts once m t[>ds ! close also3 ,& _! glori\s "o %all be out ( !mselves1 & _! gov]nor %all proce$ f ! mid/ ( !m 7comp>e ,mic4 v4 #a1 #b1 #b1 #c71 & ,i cause him to draw ne>1 & he approa*e? unto me2 = :o is surety = 8 he>t to approa* unto me1 sai? ! ,"l8 ,god himself receives ! ,k+ ( ! ,future into ! close/ communion ) ,him1--,i & ! ,fa!r are "o--a communion :i* no "o c usurp by 8 own p[]1 & :i*1 9 ! case ( ! =m] k+s1 ev5 9 t ( ,david1 0 frequ5tly di/urb$ by _! s9ful weakness4 ,footnote #b3 ,h(mann 7,weiss4 u4 ,erf4 #a ,s4 #ach7 assigns to ! phrase ! mean+3 to make an arrangem5t4 ,b decisive aga9/ ?is is n only ! d]ivation1 7comp4 ,ges5ius ,!saurus71 b ! circum/ance also1 t x is almo/ exclusively & q manife/ly us$ ( a relation re/+ on reciprocity1 ( ! mak+ ( a cov5ant 9 ! ord9>y s5se2 & t ! few in/ances :]e !re is app>5tly a ref]5ce to "o p>ty1 =m an exception only to ! rule4 ,footnote #c3 ,ev5 ! mo/ rec5t int]pret]s1 :o take ,hebrew3 bel s5su malo1 /ill greatly diff]1--a pro( t ?is int]pretation has a v insuffici5t f\ndation on :i* to re/4 ,ges5ius1 ,de ,wette1 ,bleek 7on ,heb4 viii4 #i71 reta9 ! explanation by fa/idire1 rejic]e2 ,maur] translates3 dom9>]1 dom9i p>tes su/9]em1 contra/+ tyrannical dom9ion ) a relation ( love2 ,ewald3 ,see+ t ,i am h] ma/] & protector2 ,hitzig3 ,& ,i got possession ( h]4 ,all ^! int]pretations are oppos$ by ! usus loqu5di1 accord+ to :i* ,hebrew3 bel has only ! two significations3 to possess1 & to take = a wife1 ! latt] be+ ! ord9>y & prevail+ "o4 ,footnote #d3 ,n less ?an ^!1 ,hitzig too has all[$ himself to be c>ri$ away by ! appe>ance4 ,he says3 ,!n1 inde$1 ! (fice ( religi\s in/ructors mu/ cease4 ,footnote #e3 ,accord+ to ,krafft 7sur ,topographie ,j]us4 ,s4 #aeh71 x is only ! hill ,beze?a :i*1 by ! ?ird wall ( ,agrippa1 0 add$ to ! t[n1 t c correspond to ! situation ( ,g>eb4 ,footnote #f3 ,!nius1 9 ! app5dix to ! ,comm5t>y on ! ,books ( ,k+s1 ,s4 #bd1 rem>ks3 ,hebrew3 gl does n1 9 any ( ! dialects1 d5ote ! natural hill ( rocks1 b m]ely /ones heap$ up4 ,h5ce1 ! hill w\ld be an artificial hill = ! execution ( crim9als4 7,comp>e ! ,g]man ^w ,rab5/e91 lit4 rav5-/one1 =3 place ( execution47 ,footnote #g3 ,?is objection w\ld be remov$ if1 foll[+ ,!nius & ,krafft1 ,s4 #aeh1 we 7 to expla9 ! "n f ! =m ( ! hill1 :i* is t ( a skull4 ,b none ( ! ,evangeli/s at lea/ h advanc$ ?is explanation4 ,! fact t ?ree ( !m add ! ,greek explanation to ! "n 7,matt4 xxvii4 #cc2 ,m>k xv4 #bb2 ,john xix4 #ag71 & "o translat$ x into ,greek 7,luke xxiii4 #cc7 %[s t x /ood 9 connection ) ! ev5t 9 "q4 ,b ?is circum/ance is q decisive1 t ?ree ,evangeli/s expla9 x by ,greek3 krani\ topos1 place ( a skull4 ,footnote #h3 ,comp>e ! ,book ,kosri1 p4 #gb4 ,buxtorff says3 ,geh5na 0 a well-kn[n place ne> ,j]usalem1 viz41 a valley 9 :i* ! fire 0 nev] ext+ui%$1 & :]e unclean bones1 c>casses1 & o!r unclean ?+s1 7 burn$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 #ad-bf4 ,/ill be=e ! de/ruction1 b 9 ! view ( x1 ! ,prophet1 :ile 9 ! out] c\rt ( ! prison1 0 fav\r$ ) ! revelation conta9$ 9 *ap4 xxxii41 & ) t revelation ( :i* our section =ms a portion4 ,x may appe> /range t1 9 ! introduction1 ! revelation ( great ?+s hi!rto unkn[n to him is promis$ to ! ,prophet1 & :i* he is told to seek by call+ unto ! ,"l2 :ile1 aft] all1 ! subsequ5t prophecy conta9s sc>cely any prom95t1 peculi> feature4 ,b ?is is easily expla9$1 :5 we take into consid]ation t1 ?r\gh\t ,scripture1 dead ,pg #dfj k is n reg>d$ z k2 t ! hope ( re/oration _h1 9 ! natural man1 9 ! ,prophet z well z 9 all believ]s1 an enemy t /rove to d>k5 & ext+ui% x2 t1 !re=e1 ! promise ( re/oration 0 ev] new1 & ! ^w ( ,god always great & exalt$4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! revelation1 aft] ! de/ruction _h be5 repres5t$ z unavoidable1 & all human hope _h be5 cut (t1 ! re/oration is describ$ m 9 g5]al t]ms4 ,9 ! second "p1 ! ,"l meets a two-fold special grief ( ! believ]s4 ,! "t 0 approa*+ :5 ! h\se ( ,david 0 to be mo/ deeply humbl$1 :5 e trace ( its =m] glory 0 to be done away )4 ,) x1 ! hopes ( ! p seem to be buri$4 ,god himself _h decl>$ ?is h\se to be ! m$ium1 ?r\gh :i* all ! m]cies 7 to come1 :i* ,he1 z ! ,k+1 _h promis$ to be/[ ^u ,8 p4 ,b :at 0 to become ( ! m]cies1 if ! *annel 0 de/roy$1 ?r\gh :i* !y 7 to be be/[$ ^u ! p8 ,! temple :i*1 ?r\gh ! guilt ( ! p1 _h be5 *ang$ into a d5 ( robb]s1 0 to be de/roy$4 ,b1 ) ! exi/5ce ( ! temple1 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,levitical prie/hood 0 b\nd up1 & if ! latt] 0 done away )1 h[ 0 to be obta9$ =giv5ess ( s9s1 :i*1 9 ! ,law1 _h be5 connect$ ) ! m$iation ( ! ,levitical prie/hood8 ,^! fe>s & c>es ! ,"l n[ meets by decl>+ t1 9 bo? respects1 ! p]i%+ w\ld be an aris+1 t life %\ld arise f dea?4 ,! g5u95ess ( ?is section has be5 assail$ by ,jahn 7,vatic9ia ,mess4 iii4 p4 #aab1 ff4#a71 aft] ! example ( ,j4 ,d4 ,mi*aelis1 :o1 9 ! ,g]man translation ( ! ,bible1 inclos$ x )9 brackets4 ,= ! pres5t1 we m5tion only ! int]nal reason--def]r+ ! refutation till we come to ! exposition ( p>ticul>s--because we require x 9 ord] to set aside ! ext]nal reason4 ,jahn1 p4 #aba1 sums x up 9 ^! words3 ,! matt] /&s 9 opposition to all ! prophecies ( ,j]emiah & all ! o!r ,prophets4 ,= all ( !m limit !mselves to ! "o ,david :o 0 to come ,pg #dfa aft] ! captivity1 & d n m5tion any successor to him1 f> less su* a multitude ( desc5dants ( ,david & ( ,levites1 :i* is promis$ to ! p "u ! "n ( a bless+1 b :i* w\ld1 9 reality1 h be5 a v heavy burd5 to ! p1 at ^: exp5se !y 7 to be spl5didly ma9ta9$4 ,! ext]nal reason is ! omission ( ! section 9 ! ,alex&rian v]sion4 ,proce$+ ^u ! altoge!r gratuit\s assumption ( a d\ble rec5sion ( ! prophecies ( ,j]emiah1 p imag9e t1 by ! omission 9 ! ,alex&rian v]sion1 !y are entitl$ to suppose t1 9 t rec5sion :i* ! ,,lxx4 foll[$1 ?is section 0 n conta9$4 ,b ! argum5ts are mo/ unsatisfactory1 by :i* ! attempt is made to e/abli% t _m portions1 n translat$ by ! ,,lxx41 7 n f\nd by !m 9 _! manuscripts4 ,:]e !re notori\sly prevail neglig5ce1 ignorance1 arbitr>9ess1 entire want ( a cle> conception ( ! task ( a translator1 ^? inf]5ces are out ( place :i* suppose j ! opposite ( all ^! 7comp4 e4g41 ! inf]5ces 9 ,jahn1 ,s4 #aaf ff47 ,al?\gh we _c sometimes discov] & /ate ! reason :i* induc$ ! ,,lxx4 to make any omission1 9 case t t :i* 0 omitt$ 0 really 9 ! text1 :at is x t is !reby prov$8 ,c\ld we1 a priori1 expect any?+ else1 s9ce we are on ! t]ritory ( accid5t & :im8 ,x is q suffici5t t 9 a multitude ( passages we c po9t out ! mo/ insuffici5t reasons :i* induc$ !m to make omissions1 alt]ations1 transpositions2 = x is j ^! :i* %[ t we are 9 ! t]ritory ( accid5t & :im1 :]e x is unreasonable e :]e to expect reasons4 ,n[1 to ^! passages1 t be=e u likewise belongs2 s t1 ev5 suppos+ t ! gr\nd ( ! deviation sometimes lies 9 a diff]5t rec5sion1 our passage _c be reg>d$ z belong+ to ?is class2 &1 h5ce1 f its omission1 no?+ c be inf]r$ aga9/ its g5u95ess4 ,a tw(old reason "h pres5ts itself1 :i* may h induc$ !m to ! omission3 #a4 ,important elem5ts ( ! prophecy "u consid]ation h already occurr$1 v]s4 #ae1 #af1 almo/ v]batim1 9 *ap4 xxiii4 #c1 #f2 v]s4 #bj-be1 z reg>ds ! ?\ght1 altoge!r1 & z reg>ds ! words1 p>tly agree ) *ap4 xxxi4 #ce-cg2 & x is c]ta9 t ! ,,lxx4 (t5 omitt$ ,pg #dfb t :i* _h occurr$ previ\sly1 because !y 7 unable to p]ceive ! deep] mean+ ( ! repetition1 & transf]r$ _! own ignorance to ! ,prophet4 #b4 ,9 t :i* 0 peculi> to ! passage be=e u1 x 0 j ! pr9cipal ?\ght--! same :i* ,j4 ,d4 ,mi*aelis & ,jahn advance aga9/ ! g5u95ess--:i* mu/ h be5 mo/ objectionable to ! ,,lxx41 :o 7 incapable ( p]ceiv+ ! deep] mean+4 ,an increase ( ! ,levites & ( ! family ( ,david z ! />e ( ! heav5s & ! s& ( ! sea1 is a ?\ght ( :i* ! ,prophet mu/ be fre$1 :e!r he ent]ta9$ x or n4 ,! omission 9 ! ,alex&rian v]sion1 !re=e1 does n prove any ?+1 except t ev5 #bjjj ye>s be=e ,j4 ,d4 ,mi*aelis1 ,jahn1 ,hitzig1 & ,mov]s1 !re 7 m5 :o 7 z little able to und]/& ! text z ^! expositors4 ,v]4 #ad4 ,behold days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 & ,i p]=m ! good ^w :i* ,i leave spok5 unto ! h\se ( ,israel1 & conc]n+ ! h\se ( ,judah4 ,! good ^w may1 9 a m g5]al way1 be und]/ood ( all ! graci\s promises ( ,god to ,israel1 9 contra/ to ! evil ^w1 ! ?reat5+s :i* hi!rto _h be5 fulfill$ ^u ,israel2 comp4 #a ,k+s viii4 #ef1 :]e ,solomon1 9 ! pray] at ! consecration ( ! temple1 says3 ,bless$ be ! ,"l1 t has giv5 re/ unto ,8 p ,israel1 accord+ to all :i* ,he spoke2 !re has n fail$ 7! opposite ( ,hebrew3 qv,m7 "o ^w ( all ,8 good ^w :i* ,he spoke ?r\gh ,moses ,8 s]vant4 ,9 ,deut4 xxviii4 ! good ^w & ! evil ^w are plac$ beside "o ano!r2 & ! =m] is bless$1 f v]s4 #a-ad2 aft]w>ds1 ! curse is decl>$4 ,! c5tre & sub/ance ( ?is good ^w 0 ! promise to ,david1 ?r\gh ^: righte\s ,spr\t all ! promises to ,israel %\ld f9d _! f9al fulfilm5t4 ,b we may also suppose t1 by ! good ^w1 ! ,prophet specially d5otes ?is promise to ,david1 :i* he _h repeat$ 9 *ap4 xxiii4 #e1 #f4 ,?is latt] supposition is pref]able1 s9ce1 9 v]s4 #ae1 #af1 t repetition ( x is quot$1 & v]4 #ag conta9s an allusion to ! fundam5tal promise4 ,! *ange ( ,hebrew3 al & ,hebrew3 el is significant2 ,judah is consid]$ z ! object ( ! proclamation ( salvation1 because salvation come? f ! ,jews4 ,! correctness ( ?is view is prov$ by ,pg #dfc v]s4 #ae1 #af1 :]e t only is spok5 (1 :i*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 belongs to ,judah2 s t ,israel is only receiv$ into ! communion ( ! salvation1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 de/9$ = ,judah4 ,v]4 #ae1 #af4 ,9 ^? days & at t "t w ,i cause a righte\s ,spr\t to gr[ up unto ,david1 & he worke? ju/ice & righte\sness 9 ! l&4 ,9 ^? days ,judah is end[$ ) salvation1 & ,j]usalem dwelle? safely2 & ?is is ! "n by :i* %e %all be call$3 ,! ,"l our righte\sness4 ,x is int5tionally t ! promise is "h repeat$ 9 ! =m] %ape1 9 ord] to %[ t x /ill exi/$2 t ! gl>+ contra/ pres5t$ by ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s 0 n able to annul x2 t ev5 9 ! view ( ! de/ruction1 ( ! deepe/ abasem5t ( ! h\se ( ,david1 x /ill reta9$ its "r & p[]4 ,in/ead ( ,hebrew3 hqimvti1 ! m suitable ,hebrew3 acmi,h is "h us$1 because ! ref]5ce to ,jehoiakim does n take place 9 ?is passage1 z x did 9 ! previ\s "o4 ,in/ead ( ,israel1 :i* is f\nd !re1 we h "h ,j]usalem1 because x 0 j ! re/oration ( ,j]usalem1 :i* x 0 s difficult = ! fai?ful to believe1 aft] its de/ruction _h be5 describ$ 9 v]4 #d ff4 ,= ! same reason1 ! ,prophet "h assigns ! same "n to ,j]usalem :i* he did !re to ! ,spr\t ( ,david4 ,! same city1 :i* z yet is groan+ "u ! wra? ( ,god1 %all1 9 future1 be end[$ ) righte\sness by ! ,"l4 ,v]4 #ag4 ,= ?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,!re %all n be cut ( f ,david a man sitt+ ^u ! ?rone ( ! h\se ( ,israel4 ,! connection ) :at prec$es is p]t95tly br\ght out by ,calv93 ,! ,prophet _h spok5 ( ! re/oration ( ! ,*ur*2 t doctr9e he n[ confirms by promis+1 t bo? ! k+ly & prie/ly (fice %\ld be p]petual2 & x 0 j ^! two ?+s :i* con/itut$ ! salvation ( ! p4 ,=1 )\t a k+1 !y 7 j l a cut-(f tree1 or a mutilat$ body2 )\t a prie/ !y 7 9 a /ate ( disp]sion4 ,= ! prie/ 0 ! m$iator betwe5 ,god & ! p1 b ! k+ repres5t$ ! p]son ( ,god4 ,! expression ,hebrew3 la ikrt1 !re %all n be cut (f1 c41 is a simple repetition ( ! promise to ,david1 9 ,pg #dfd t =m 9 :i* x _h be5 quot$ by ,david himself1 %ortly be=e 8 dea?1 9 8 address to ,solomon1 #a ,k+s ii4 #d1 & aft]w>ds twice by ,solomon1 #a ,k+s viii4 #be1 ix4 #e4 ,x does n designate an un9t]rupt$ succession1 b =ms ! contra/ only to a break+ (f = ev]4 ,?is appe>s ev5 f ! circum/ance t1 9 ! fundam5tal promise1 ,god res]ves to himself ! puni%m5t ( ! apo/ate memb]s ( ! ,davidic h\se1 & t 9 ,j]emiah ! ann\ncem5t ( its utt] abasem5t is s frequ5tly repeat$4 ,v]4 #ah1 ,& to ! ,levitical prie/s !re %all n be cut (f be=e me a man1 (f]+ burnt-(f]+s1 & k9dl+ meat-(f]+s1 & do+ sacrifice all days4 ,9 ord] rightly to und]/& ^! words1 x is necess>y to g back to _! cause2 = x is f ! grief only t ! com=t receives its explanation4 ,! ,prophet has "h n by any means to d ) memb]s ( ! tribe ( ,levi m\rn+ ov] ! loss ( ! pr]ogatives ( _! tribe4 ,if su* 7 ! case1 x w\ld be necess>y to hold fa/ by ! lett]1 inasmu* z x is only :5 ! lett] is adh]$ to1 t ! promise c af=d consolation = su* grief4 ,! ,prophet's consolations1 on ! contr>y1 are de/9$ = all ! believ]s1 :o 7 m\rn+ ov] ! de/ruction ( ! relation to ,god1 :i* hi!rto _h exi/$ ?r\gh ! m$iation ( ! tribe ( ,levi4 ,if only ! relation rema9$1 x 0 ( little importance :e!r x 0 realis$ by ! tribe ( ,levi1 z h]et(ore1 or 9 "s o!r way4 ,j z ! grief has respect to ! sub/ance only1 s has ! consolation also4 ,israel1 9 future too1 %all reta9 free access to 8 reconcil$ ,god1--t is ! fundam5tal ?\ght2 & e ?+ by :i* ?is ?\ght 0 manife/$ & realis$ 9 hi/ory1 9 :at =m soev] x might be1 mu/ be view$ z compreh5d$ 9 x4 ,we ?us obta9 a ?reefold fulfilm5t3 #a4 ,9 ! "t aft] ! return f ! captivity1 ! consolation 0 realis$ 9 ! =m 9 :i* x is "h express$4 ,! fact1 t ,god admitt$ & promot$ ! rebuild+ ( ! temple1 0 an actual decl>ation t ! ,levitical prie/hood 0 re9/at$ 9 its m$iatorial (fice4 #b4 ,9 ! highe/ degree ! idea ( ! ,levitical prie/hood 0 realis$ ?r\gh ,*ri/1 :o1 z a ,high-,prie/ & ,m$iator1 bore ! s9s ( ,8 p1 & made int]cession = ! transgressors1 & ,pg #dfe 9 :om ! ,levitical prie/hood ceas$1 j z ! se$-corn disappe>s 9 ! /alk4 #c4 ,?r\gh ,*ri/1 ! believ]s !mselves became prie/s1 & obta9$ free access to ! ,fa!r4--,! foll[+ reasons %[ t we h a "r to ma9ta9 ?is indep5d5ce ( ! ?\ght ^u ! =m3 #a4 ,! ,prophet is s p5etrat$ ) ! ?\ght ( ! glory ( ! ,new ,disp5sation f> out%9+ t ( ! ,old1 t1 ev5 a priori1 we c\ld n suppose t1 z reg>ds ! prie/hood1 he expect$ an et]nal duration ( its =m1 hi!rto s poor4 ,x is ! sub/ance only :i*1 9 8 view1 is p]man5t4 ,"o ne$ only comp>e ! section1 *ap4 xxxi4 #ca ff4 ,h[ int5tionally does he "h br+ =w>d ! idea t ! ,new ,cov5ant w\ld n be l ! ,old2 h[ does he po9t f ! %ad[ to ! sub/ance6 ,b x is especially *ap4 iii4 #af :i*1 9 ?is respect1 is to be reg>d$4 ,9 t passage1 ! ceas+ ( ! =m] dignity ( ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant is ann\nc$ repeat$ly1 & 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms2 & we h already se5 t1 along ) ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant1 ! temple1 ! ,levitical prie/hood1 ! :ole sacrificial s]vice /&s 9 ! close/ & mo/ indissoluble connection2 s t all ?is mu/ fall along ) x4 #b4 ,a v important pro( is furni%$ by v]4 #bb1 :i* mu/ be reg>d$ z a decl>ation1 by ! ,prophet himself1 z to ! mann] 9 :i* he wi%es to be und]/ood4 ,n[1 9 t v]se1 x is promis$ t all ! desc5dants ( ,abraham %all be *ang$ into ,levites2 & ?is is decl>$ to =m a "p ( ! et]nal acceptance ( ! tribe ( ,levi1 promis$ 9 ! v]se "u consid]ation4 ,?is %[s !n1 t1 9 ! v]se "u review1 ! ,levites _c come into consid]ation z desc5dants ( ,levi aft] ! fle%1 b only z reg>ds _! de/9ation & vocation4 #c4 ,z ! mo/ anci5t & au!ntic int]pret] ( ,j]emiah1 ,ze*>iah mu/ be consid]$4 ,he 0 mo/ anxi\s to obviate ! same fe>s :i* ,j]emiah "h meets2 &1 9 him1 ! fir/ two ( ! ?ree features :i* ,j]emiah compreh5ds 9 ! unity ( ! idea1 appe> sep>at$1 b 9 su* a mann] t ! connect+ unity ( ! idea is n lo/ sight ( ,9 ,ze*4 iii41 ,god assures ! p t1 not)/&+ ! greatness ( _! s9s1 ,he w\ld n only all[ ! (fice ( ,high-prie/ to cont9ue z h]et(ore1 & accept 8 m$iation1 b t1 at "s future p]iod1 ,pg #dff ,he w\ld also s5d ! true ,high-prie/1 :o %\ld make a complete & ev]la/+ atonem5t4 ,9 v]4 #h1 ! ,high-prie/ & 8 colleagues 9 ! prie/ly (fice are designat$ z types ( ,*ri/ :o1 putt+ mo/ completely to %ame ! p's despair 9 ,god's m]cy1 %\ld fully accompli% ! expiation & atonem5t :i* ! =m] _h effect$ only imp]fectly4 ,9 *ap4 iv4 ! prie/ly is1 along ) ! royal ord]1 designat$ z "o ( ! two sons ( ! oil1 ! two ano9t$ ones ( ! ,"l1 ^: ano9t+ rema9e? = ev]2 & f *ap4 vi4 #ac1 :]e ! ,messiah appe>s z ! true ,high-prie/ & ,k+ at ! same "t1 x appe>s t1 "h too1 ! %ad[ only belongs to ! ,levitical prie/hood1 b ! sub/ance to ,*ri/4 #d4 ,else:]e1 too1 pla9 examples are n want+1 9 :i* ! idea ( ! prie/hood only is reg>d$1 :ile ! peculi> =m ( its manife/ation "u ! ,old ,te/am5t is lo/ sight (4 ,among ^? is ,is4 lxi4 #f1 :]e1 9 ref]5ce to all ,israel1 x is said3 ,& ye %all be nam$ prie/s ( ,jehovah1 m9i/]s ( our ,god %all !y call y4 ,"h ! *ange ( all ,israel into ! tribe ( ,levi is ann\nc$2 & ! objection :i*1 p]haps1 might be br\ght =w>d1 t "h only prie/s 9 g5]al are spok5 (1 :ile ,j]emiah speaks ( ,levitical prie/s1 is met by ! second passage1 *ap4 lxvi4 #ba3 ,& f !m also w ,i take = ,levitical prie/s sai? ! ,"l4 ,x makes no diff]5ce = our purpose :e!r f !m be ref]r$ to ! ,g5tiles 7:i* is ! correct view1 comp>e p4 #cfj71 z is done by ,vitr+a & ,ges5ius1 or to ! ,israelites liv+ 9 exile4 ,=1 al?\gh ! latt] int]pretation be receiv$1 yet s mu* is c]ta91 t su* %all be tak5 = ,levitical prie/s z 7 n desc5dants ( ,levi3 =1 o!rwise1 no tak+1 no special div9e m]cy w\ld h tak5 place4 ,ev5 ! ,law already kn[s an ideal prie/hood by ! side ( ! ord9>y "o2 & su* an "o meets u also 9 ,ps4 xcix4 #f2 comp>e my ,comm5t>y on t passage4--,aft] hav+ ?us fix$ ! s5se ( ! promise ref]r+ to ! ,levitical prie/hood1 x w n be difficult to discov] ! "r view 9 ref]5ce to ! family ( ,david4 ,"h1 too1 a ?reefold fulfilm5t takes place4 #a4 ,x 0 realiz$ 9 ! times imm$iately aft] ! captivity1 :5 ,z]ubbabel1 a scion ( ! ,davidic h\se1 became ! m$iator ( ! m]cies :i* ,god ,pg #dfg z ,k+1 v\*saf$ to ,8 p4 ,to a c]ta9 degree1 t m]cy too comes 9 "h :i*1 at a lat] p]iod1 ,god1 9 ,8 capacity z ,k+1 be/[$ ^u ! p by means ( civil rul]s1 :o 7 n f ! h\se ( ,david4 ,=1 s9ce ! dom9ion _h be5 = ev] transf]r$ to ! h\se ( ,david1 ^! rul]s c be consid]$ only z be+ engraft$ into x1 z repres5tatives & vice-reg5ts1--mu* 9 ! same way z ! bless+1 :i* 0 be/[$ ^u ! p by ! prie/ly (fice ( ! non-prie/ ,samuel1 mu/ be consid]$ z be+ includ$ 9 ! promise 9 ref]5ce to ! ,a>onic prie/hood4 ,= all t ,god v\*saf$ ?r\gh ^? rul]s1 0 = ! sake ( ! ,davidic h\se only1 :i* = ev] _h be5 de/9$ to be ! *annel ( ,8 regal bless+s4 ,if ! k+dom ( ,david _h really be5 at an end1 ,he w\ld n h giv5 to ! p ev5 ^? rul]s1 & ! deliv]ance & prosp]ity grant$ to !m1--z is cle>ly se5 f a comp>ison ( ! times1 aft] ! great ,h]o ( ,david's race asc5d$ ! ?rone1 :5 e trace ( ! regal grace ( ,god 9 rais+ o!r rul]s ceas$2 = n[1 t ! race ( ,david itself rules aga91 & = ev]1 no repres5tation ( x c any m take place4 ,b1 9 ! passage "u consid]ation1 x w\ld ! less be suitable to sep>ate ev]y?+ :i* does n1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 belong to x1 t "h ! promise to ,david is n view$ ) ref]5ce to him & 8 h\se1 b solely ) ref]5ce to ! p4 ,h5ce1 ! manife/ation ( ! regal grace ( ,god =ms ! c5tre2 & ! h\se ( ,david comes into consid]ation1 only 9 s f> z x 0 de/9$ to be ! m$iator ( ?is grace4 #b4 ,x 0 fulfill$ 9 ,*ri/2 & f v]s4 #ae1 #af1 x appe>s t ! ,prophet _h ?is fulfilm5t *iefly 9 view4 ,^! two fulfilm5ts are connect$ ) "o ano!r by ,ze*>iah also1 9 *ap4 iv4--#c4 ,x 0 realiz$ by ! rais+ ( ! :ole true po/]ity ( ,abraham to ! royal dignity1 ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,?is mo/ /rik+ anti!sis to ! despair--! despair say+3 !re is no k+ 9 ,israel2 ! consolation3 all ,israel are k+s--is expressly br\ght =w>d 9 v]4 #bb4--,we /ill rem>k t we mu/ n1 by any means1 z is commonly done1 translate3 ,to ! prie/s & ,levites1 b1 z also 9 ,is4 lxvi4 #ba3 ,to ! ,levitical prie/s2 comp>e ! argum5ts 9 pro( 9 ,g5u95ess ( ! ,p5tateu*1 p4 #cbi ff4 ,! epi!t1 ,pg #dfh ,levitical1 is add$ 9 ord] to prev5t ! ?\ght t1 p]haps1 prie/s 9 ano!r ?an ! lit]al s5se are spok5 (1 comp>e p4 #cfj4 ,x s]ves !re=e ! same purpose z ! expression3 ,he rule? z a k+1 9 *ap4 xxxiii4 #e4--;,z reg>ds ! sacrifices1 we mu/ n by any means suppose1 z is done by ! anci5t int]pret]s1 t spiritual sacrifices are "h simply spok5 (4 ,! correct view r is1 t ! ,prophet repres5ts ! sub/ance "u its pres5t =m1 9 & ) :i* x w\ld n[ soon be lo/ = a season2 & z he has to d ) ! sub/ance only1 he does n say any?+ z to :e!r ?is sub/ance w\ld1 9 future1 rise aga9 9 ! same =m1 & :e!r x 0 to cont9ue = ev] 9 t =m4 ,hi/ory has answ]$ ! fir/ 9 ! affirmative1 & ! second 9 ! negative2 & f *ap4 iii4 #af1 x appe>s t ! ,prophet1 too1 w\ld1 ^u inquiry1 h answ]$ 9 ! negative z reg>ds ! la/ po9t4 ,moreov]1 h[ well !y knew1 ev5 "u ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation1 to di/+ui%1 9 ref]5ce to ! sacrifices1 betwe5 ! sub/ance & ! =m1 consid]+ ! latt] z a ?+ m]ely accid5tal1 is se5 f passages su* z ,hosea xiv4 #c 7#b73 ,take ) y words1 & turn to ! ,"l & say unto ,him3 ,take all iniquity1 & give good1 & we w recomp5se to !e bulls1 our lips4 ,"h ! ?anks are repres5t$ z ! sub/ance ( ! ?ank-(f]+1 &1 inde$1 s p]fectly1 t ! ?ank-(f]+1 ! bullocks1 is entirely :]e only ?anks1 ! lips1 are4 ,! outw>d sacrifice is ! vessel only 9 :i* ! gift is pres5t$ to ,god4 ,f>!r--,ps4 iv4 #ad1 :]e1 9 contra/ to ! m]ely ext]nal sacrifices1 x is said3 ,(f] unto ,god ?anksgiv+s2 ,mal4 i4 #aa1 & _m o!r passages4 ,v]s4 #ai1 #bj4 ,& ! ^w ( ! ,"l came to ,j]emiah1 say+3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,if ye w make void my cov5ant1 ! day1 & my cov5ant1 ! night1 s t !re %all be no m day & night 9 _! season2 ,v]4 #ba4 ,!n also %all be void my cov5ant ) ,david1 my s]vant1 t he %all n h "o :o reigns on 8 ?rone1 & ) ! ,levitical prie/s1 my s]vants4 ,! ^w ,hebrew3 tprv is v significant4 ,calv9 says3 ,! ,prophet indirectly reproves ! wick$ness ( ! p1 because1 z mu* z lay ) !m1 !y de/roy$ ! cov5ant ,pg #dfi ( ,god by _! ob/rep]\s cries4444 ,?is incr$ulity1 !re=e1 ! ,prophet blames1 & x is z if he 7 say+3 ,to :at are ^! compla9ts to lead8 ,x is j z if y 7 try+ to draw d[n sun & moon f heav51 & to d away ) ! diff]5ce betwe5 day & night1 & ov]turn all ! laws ( nature1 because x is ,i1 ! same ,god1 ^: w x 0 t ! night %\ld foll[ ! day1 :o h also promis$1 c4--,hebrew3 hiv,m & ,hebrew3 hlilh are appositions to3 ,my cov5ant4 ,! day & night 9 _! regul> succession are ! cov5ant :i* is "h spok5 ( ,! phrase ,hebrew3 ivm,m vlilh1 :i* signifies by day & night1 daily & nightly1 /&s "h =3 tempus diurnum et nocturnum4 ,! cov5ant1 ,hebrew3 brit1 does n by any means /& "h 9 ! signification /abilis ord9atio2 nor is x be consid]$ z be+ ent]$ into ) ! day & night2 ^!1 on ! contr>y1 are ! cov5ant-bless+s4 ,god1 :o v\*saf$ !m1 & all t is connect$ ) !m1 t ! sun %9es by day1 & ! moon by night1 ent]s !reby1 accord+ to ! explanation giv5 on *ap4 xxxi4 #cb1 into a cov5ant ) man4 ,by ! inviolable ma9t5ance ( ! c\rse ( nature1 ,he b9ds himself to ! inviolable ma9t5ance ( ! moral ord]4 ,?is cle>ly appe>s :5 we consid] t1 aft] ! great flood1 ! cov5ant ) nature is anew ent]$ into1 & its inviolability anew e/abli%$2 comp4 ,g54 ix4 #i3 ,behold1 ,i e/abli% my cov5ant ) y1 & ) y\r se$ aft] y2 viii4 #bb3 ,all ! days ( ! e>?1 se$ "t & h>ve/1 & heat & cold1 & summ] & autumn1 & day & night %all n cease any m4 ,) ^! cov5ant-promises1 cov5ant-laws & obligations are connect$1 :i* ! cov5ant imposes4 ,) ?is cov5ant ( nature1 :i* is common to all m51 & :i*1 at ,noah's "t1 0 n made = ! fir/ "t1 b only r5ew$1 ! cov5ant ( grace1 :i* is peculi> to ,israel only1 /&s on a level4 ,to ass]t t ! latt] has become void1 is no?+ else ?an to attempt to pull sun & moon d[n f heav54 ,= x is "o & ! same ,god :o has made bo? cov5ants4 ,v]4 #bb4 ,z ! ho/ ( heav5 is n numb]$1 & z ! s& ( ! sea is n measur$1 s w ,i increase ! se$ ( ,david1 my s]vant1 & ! ,levites t m9i/] unto me4 ,ev5 consid]$ 9 itself1 ! lit]al fulfilm5t ( ?is v]se ,pg #dgj involves an absurdity4 ,su* an increase ( ! bodily desc5dants ( ,david lies beyond ! b\nds ( possibility2 & ev5 if ?is 7 n ! case1 yet ?is increase1 j z ! simil> increase ( ! ,levites1 w\ld n h ! nature ( a promise1 b t ( a ?reat5+4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! consolation w\ld h no relation to1 or connection )1 ! grief ,= ! latt] did n ref] to ! numb] ( ! desc5dants ( ,david1 & t ( ! ,levites1 b to _! acceptance ) ,god1 &1 9 !m1 to ! acceptance ( ! p2 b t acceptance has no?+ to d ) numb]4 ,to ?is1 ano!r reason is /ill to be add$4 ,x _c be d5i$ t !re is a v]bal ref]5ce to ! promise to ,abraham 9 ,g54 xv4 #e1 xxii4 #ag4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ^! words1 :i* orig9ally ref]r$ to all ,israel1 are "h transf]r$ to ! family ( ,david1 & to ! ,levites1 x is !reby suffici5tly intimat$ t all ,israel %all be *ang$ into ! family ( ,david1 & into ! tribe ( ,levi4 ,?is idea ne$ n at all surprise u4 ,x has its f\ndation 9 ! ,law itself ,all t is ann\nc$ "h is1 t ! vocation & de/9ation ( ! cov5ant-p1 :i* is already express$ 9 ! ,law1 b :i* hi!rto 0 realis$ only v imp]fectly1 is1 at "s future p]iod1 to be p]fectly realis$4 ,9 ,exod4 xix4 #f1 ,god says ( ,israel3 ,ye %all be unto me a k+dom ( prie/s1 ,hebrew3 mmlkt khni,m4#b ,h5ce1 fir/ a k+dom4 ,! nature ( a k+dom is1 n to h any p[] ov] x o!r ?an ! ,div9e p[]1 & to h ev]y?+ else "u its au?ority4 ,by ?is decl>ation1 ! dom9ion ( ! _w 0 secur$ to ! p ( ,god4 ,?is high pr]ogative always rema9$ ) ! cov5ant-p s long z !y _h n1 by _! guilt1 spontane\sly got "u a moral s]vitude to ! _w4 ,! outw>d s]vitude 0 always a reflection ( ! inw>d only4 ,x nev] 0 inflict$ ^u ! cov5ant-p z su*1 b always ^u t cov5ant-p :i* _h become l ! _w4 ,& ev5 :5 ?is unnatural condition took place1 ?is high dignity 0 n =feit$ by ! s+le individuals :o1 kn[+ t !y 7 pur*as$ at a high price1 _h kept !mselves inw>dly free f ! bondage ( ! _w4 ,al?\gh 9 fett]s & bonds1 !y yet rema9$ inw>dly free4 ,_w1 ,pg #dga s91 dea?1 & hell1 c\ld d !m no h>m4 ,yea1 not)/&+ all outw>d appe>ance ( victory1 ^? enemies 71 9 reality1 rul$ by !m2 & ev5 _! outw>d s]vitude 01 :5 m deeply consid]$1 a sign ( _! dom9ion4 ,= ! ,law ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s 0 9 _! inw>d p>ts2 x 0 ! liv+ pr9ciple ( _! exi/5ce4 ,x 0 accord+ to ?is ,law t ! :ole _w 0 gov]n$2 & x 0 accord+ to x t ! s]vitude ( _! p also took place4 ,!y 7 ?us co-reg5ts ) ,god1 &1 z su*1 rul$ ov] _! rul]s4--,all ! s+le memb]s ( ?is k+dom1 :i* consi/s entirely ( k+s1 71 at ! same "t1 to be prie/s4 ,9 ^! words x 0 already impli$ & decl>$1 t ! ,levitical prie/hood1 :i* 0 in/itut$ at a lat] p]iod1 c\ld n h t importance :i* ! prie/hood _h ) o!r nations ( antiquity1 :]e prie/s & p /ood 9 an absolute anti!sis1 :i* admitt$ ( no m$iation1 & :]e x 0 ! prie/s only :o /ood 9 an imm$iate relation to ,god4 ,x 0 !reby impli$ & decl>$1 t ! prie/s1 9 "o aspect1 79 o!r respects1 !y 7 types & =e%ad[+s ( ,*ri/7 possess$ rights t 7 only transf]r$ to !m2 t !y 7 repres5tatives ( ,*ri/1 & t1 h5ce1 _! m$iation w\ld1 at "s future p]iod1 disappe> altoge!r4 ,& 9 ord] t ! p might always rema9 fully consci\s ( ?is2 9 ord] t !y might "k t !y !mselves 7 ! real be>]s ( ! prie/ly dignity1 !y reta9$1 ev5 aft] ! in/itution ( ! ,levitical prie/hood1 t prie/ly function :i* =m$ ! root & f\ndation ( all o!rs1 viz41 ! slay+ ( ! cov5ant-sacrifice1 ( ! pas*al lamb1 :i* =m$ ! c5tre ( all o!r sacrifices1 inasmu* z ! latt] s]v$ only z a supplem5t to x4 ,t1 ev5 "u ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation1 ?is importance ( ! pas*al rite 0 duly recogniz$1 is se5 f ,philo1 de vita ,mos4 7p4 #fhf1 ,francf473 ,9 (f]+ up ! pas*al lamb1 ! (fice ( ! laym5 is by no means simply to br+ ! sacrificial animals to ! alt>1 t !y may be sla9 & (f]$ up by ! prie/s2 b1 accord+ to ! regulations ( ! ,law1 ! :ole p ex]cise prie/ly functions1 inasmu* z e "o 9 8 own behalf (f]s up ! prescrib$ sacrifice4--,we h ?us "h be=e ,pg #dgb u ! highe/ completion ( ! com=t = ! m\rn+ cov5ant-p4 ,!y are n m]ely to receive back _! k+1 _! prie/s2 nay1 !y are altoge!r to be *ang$ into a k+ly & prie/ly g5]ation4 ,x mu/ n be ov]look$ t1 9 sub/ance1 ?is 0 already conta9$ 9 ! promise to ,abraham4 ,we h already prov$ 9 ,vol4 i4 p4 #baa1 ff41 t ?is promise to ,abraham does n ref] to a great numb] ( bodily desc5dants1 tales quales1 b t1 on ! contr>y1 x ref]s only to su* sons ( ,abraham z are1 at ! same "t1 sons ( ,god2 h5ce1 to a royal & prie/ly g5]ation4--,if n[ we look to ! fulfilm5t1 ! passage :i*1 above all1 pres5ts itself1 is #a ,pet4 ii4 #i3 ,greek3 humeis de g5os eklekton1 basileion hi]ateuma k4t4l4 ,"h t passage ( ,exodus is repres5t$ z a prophecy :i*1 9 ! pres5t only1 0 fulfill$4 ,israel has n[ become t :i*1 accord+ to its de/9y1 x ought always to h be51 a ho/ ( royal prie/s1--prie/s :o at ! same "t h a royal nature & "*4 ,t :i* n[ already exi/s p]fectly 9 ! g]m1 %all1 at "s future p]iod1 come =? 9 full developm5t1 accord+ to ,rev4 v4 #aj3 ,greek3 kai epoisas aut\s t ! hmn basileis kai hi]eis1 kai basileus\s9 epi ts gs4 ,believ]s1 :5 s9 has be5 extirpat$ 9 !m1 %all h ! free/ access to ,god4 ,:5 ,8 w %all h become !irs1 & :51 at ! same "t1 ,8 dom9ion ov] ! :ole _w appe>s m visibly1 !y %all unconditionally rule ) ,him4 ,h[ ?is dignity ( !irs has its f\ndation 9 ,*ri/1 is se5 f ,rev4 i4 #e1 #f1 :]e ! words3 ,greek3 kai epois5 hmas basileian1 hi]eis t ! kai patri haut\1 /& 9 close connection to ,greek3 ho ar*n tn basilen ts gs1 & to ,greek3 kai lusanti hmas apo tn ham>tin hmn en t haimati haut\4 ,v]4 #bc4 ,& ! ^w ( ! ,"l came to ,j]emiah1 say+3 ,v]4 #bd4 ,do/ ?\ n see :at ?is p are speak+1 & say3 ,! two families :i* ! ,"l ha? *os51 ,he ha? n[ reject$ !m1 & my p !y despise1 t !y %\ld /ill be a p be=e !m4 ,x is sc>cely conceivable h[ mod]n int]pret]s c ass]t t by ?is p1 n ! ,israelites1 b ,g5tiles1 ! ,egyptians or ,*aldeans1 or ! neighb\rs ( ! ,jews on ! ,*aboras1 7,hitzig71 or ! ,sam>itans 7,mov]s71 are to be und]/ood4 ,9 advanc+ su* ass]tions1 x is ov]look$ ,pg #dgc t ! ,prophet has "h q ! same p]sons 9 view z 9 ! :ole rema9+ section1 & z 9 ^! *apt]'s ?r\gh\t1 viz41 ^? among ,israel--& to !m m or less all belong$1 ev5 ^? mo/ fai?ful--:o1 because !y saw ,israel pro/rate1 = ev] despair$ ( its deliv]ance & salvation2 &1 inde$1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 su* a mann] z to give to ?is despair a good aspect1 viz41 t ( humility4 ,!y imag9$1 & said t ! p _h s9n$ 9 su* a mann] aga9/ ,god1 t ,he 0 free f all 8 obligations1 & c\ld n at all receive !m aga94 ,to ^? ! ,prophet %[s t su* a ?\ght is1 not)/&+ ! fair appe>ance1 blasphemy4 ,all despair abases ,god into an idol1 into a creature4 ,fai? holds fa/ by ! ^w1 by ! promise4 ,x says3 ,al?\gh s9 ab\nds ) u1 ! grace ( ,god does mu* m ab\nd4 ,z truly z ,god always rema9s ,god1 s surely ,8 p w always rema9 ,8 p4 ,he inde$ *a/ises !m1 b ,he does n give !m ov] to dea?4 ,"o ne$ only consid] ! ,hebrew3 tprv 9 v]4 #bj4--,! expression ?is p1 is contemptu\s1 comp4 ,is4 viii4 #aa4 ,! ,prophet !reby intimates t ^? :o use su* language1 cease !reby to be memb]s ( ! p ( ,god4 ,! two families are ,judah & ,israel4 ,^! _h1 9 ! prec$+ v]ses1 likewise be51 9 sub/ance1 ! subject ( disc\rse2 = ! election & rejection ( ! tribe ( ,levi1 & ( ! h\se ( ,david1 _h be5 treat$ ( 9 s f> only1 z !y /ood 9 relation to ! election or rejection ( ! p2 s t "h only ! same ?+ is repeat$ 9 a diff]5t =m1 9 consid]ation ( ! fact1 t weak fai? & despair are s sl[ to he>4 ,! words3 ,he ha? n[ reject$ !m1 71 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 true2 b n 9 ! s5se ( ! speak]s4 ,!y1 on ! contr>y1 ma9ta9$1 9 opposition to ! election1 a rejection = ev]1 :i* 0 tantam\nt to3 ,jehovah1 ! et]nal & un*angeable ,"o1 is no m ,jehovah2 ,he is a man t ,he lie?1 & a son ( man t ,he rep5te?4 ,z surely z ,god is ,jehovah1 s surely also ,greek3 ametamelta ta *>ismata kai h klsis t\ !\1 ,rom4 xi4 #bi4 ,! expression my p1 directs att5tion to h[ ,god is n[ despis$ 9 ,israel4 ,on ! contra/ betwe5 my p & a p1 comp>e rem>ks on *ap4 xxxi4 #cf4 ,v]4 #be4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l3 ,if n my cov5ant daily ,pg #dgd & nightly1 if ,i h n appo9t$ ! ord9ances ( heav5 & e>?2-- ,comp>e v]4 #bj4 ,! cov5ant daily & nightly1 i4e41 ! cov5ant :i* ref]s to ! con/ant & regul> alt]nation ( day & night4 ,! ord9ances ( heav5 & e>? d5ote ! :ole c\rse ( nature1--especially ! relations ( sun1 moon1 & />s1 to ! e>?1 comp4 *ap4 xxxi4 #ce--;9 s f> z x is regulat$ by ,god's ord9ance1 & is1 !re=e1 a la/+ "o4 ,v]4 #bf4 ,s w ,i also ca/ away ! se$ ( ,jacob1 & ( ,david1 my s]vant1 t ,i d n take f>!r f 8 se$ rul]s ov] ! se$ ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob4 ,= ,i w turn to _! captivity1 & h m]cy ^u !m4 ,! ca/+ away ( ! se$ ( ,jacob1 & t ( ! se$ ( ,david1 are insep>ably connect$4 ,= s9ce1 by ! promise to ,david1 ! k+dom _h be5 = ev] b\nd toge!r ) 8 race1 ,israel 0 no m ! p ( ,god1 & no m a p at all1 if ,david 0 no m ! s]vant ( ,god4 ,! ,plural ,hebrew3 mwli,m is easily acc\nt$ =1 f ! circum/ance t x 0 n ! numb]1 b only ! fact t 0 "h conc]n$ 7comp4 rem>ks on *ap4 xxiii4 #d1 &1 at ! same "t1 ^? on v]4 #ah72 b x is beyond any d\bt1 t ! ,prophet has "h 9 view ! revival ( ! dom9ion ( ,david 9 ! ,messiah1--has x1 at lea/1 *iefly 9 view4 ,! enum]ation ( ! ?ree ,patri>*s recalls to m9d ! :ole s]ies ( ! promises grant$ to !m4 ,! words3 ,i w turn to _! captivity 7n3 ,i w turn _! captivity1 comp>e rem>ks on ,ps4 xiv4 #g2 captivity is an image ( mis]y71 re/ on ,deut4 xxx4 #c4 ,footnote #a3 ,!y h be5 jo9$ by ,mov]s 7de utriusque rec5s4 ,j]em4 indole71 :o decl>es v]4 #ah & #ba-bd to be a lat] int]polation 7comp4 aga9/ ?is view ,kp]1 ,s4 #agc1 & ,wi*elhaus1 de ,j]em4 ,v]s4 ,alex41 p4 #agj71 & ,hitzig1 accord+ to :om ! :ole portion1 v]s4 #ad-bf1 consi/s ( a s]ies ( s+le additions f a lat] p]iod4 ,footnote #b3 ,comp>e ! discussions on ?is passage 9 my ,comm5t>y on ,rev4 i4 #f4 ,,end ,,( ,,volume ,,second4