,,! ,,art ,,( ,,lectur+  by  ,,ar?ur ,m4
 ,,lewis  ,revis$ ,edition              
,*icago ,*>les ,h4 ,k]r  ,company       
,co-op]ative     ,,cont5ts   ,,*apt]    
,i4 ,,introductory      ,,ii4 ,,exordium
     ,,iii4 ,,beg9 ,,well      ,,iv4    
,,speak ,,delib]ately       ,v4         
,,p]oration      ,,vi4 ,,read ,,widely  
,,vii4 ,,read ,,! ,,be/    ,,viii4      
,,subject      ,,ix4 ,,le>n ,,to ,,/op  
,x4 ,,*airman      ,,xi4 ,,mann]isms    
,,xii4 ,,c\rse ,,lectur+--,,no ,,*airman
    ,,xiii4 ,,c\rse ,,lectur+--,,le>n   
,,to ,,classify     ,,xiv4 ,,prep>ation 
,,xv4 ,,debat+     ,,xvi4 ,,tricks ,,(  
,,debate    ,,xvii4 ,,rhetoric          
,,xviii4 ,,! ,,audi5ce     ,,xix4       
,,/reet ,,speak+3            ,,! ,,place
            ,,! ,,/yle                  
,,di/urb]s            ,,police          
,,int]f]5ce            ,,book-,,sell+   
,,& ,,pr(essionalism      ,,xx4         
,,book-,,sell+ ,,at ,,meet+s     ,,xxi4 
,,example ,,book ,,talks    ,,xxii4     
,,conclusion     ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,lectur+

     ,,*apt] ,i  ,,introductory   ,= "s 
"t ,i h be5 besieg$ ) reque/s to op5 a  
,speak]s' ,class or ,a ,s*ool (         
,oratory1 or1 z "o +5i\s correspond5t   
puts x1 a ,=5sic ,club4 ,) ^! reque/s x 
is impossible to comply = %e] lack ( "t4
  ,i h decid$1 h[ev]1 to embody 9 ^!    
pages ! results ( my own exp]i5ce1 & !  
be/ ,i h le>n$ f ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs4     
,!re are "s ?+s requir$ 9 a good lectur]
 :i* _c be imp>t$ to a pupil by any     
tea*]1 & we may z well dispose ( ^!4    
,"o is a good voice4 ,mod]n me?ods1     
h[ev]1 h done mu* to make ! improvem5t (
 ! voice possible4 ,:ile x is probably  
impossible 9 ! great majority ( cases to
 make a v f9e voice out ( a v poor "o1  
no "o1 ) an av]age voice1 ne$ be afraid 
( ! plat=m1 = "t & tra9+ w greatly      
increase its range & resonance4 ,x is   
said t ! great ,greek orator1           
,demo/h5es1 develop$ 8 magnific5t voice 
by %\t+ above ! ro> ( ! sea ne> :i* he  
liv$1 b x is probable t he _h a bett]   
voice to beg9 ) ?an ! tradition         

repres5ts4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( sea waves1 "o's
 voice may be te/$ & /r5g!n$ by try+ to 
dr[n ! noise ( ! electric c>s at a /reet
 meet+4 ,mo/ poor voices are produc$ 9 !
 upp] "p ( ! ?roat or1 /ill worse1 9 !  
ro( ( ! m\?1 :ile deep & ?rill+ tones c 
only be obta9$ f fur!r d[n4 ,!          
transition f ! upp] ?roat or palate to !
 deep] tones is n ne>ly s difficult z   
might be suppos$4 ,plac+ ! h& across !  
*e/ dur+ practice w help to locate !    
orig9 ( ! s\nds produc$4  ,! "o ?+1     
h[ev]1 :i* no tra9+ seems to create1 b  
:i* is :olly indisp5sable 9 a good      
speak]1 is t elusive1 b pot5tial some?+ 
:i* has be5 nam$ p]sonal magnetism4 ,?is
 is probably only ano!r way ( say+ t !  
great orator mu/ also be a great man4 ,8
 imag9ation & sympa?y mu/ be great en\gh
 to take possession ( him & make him !  
m]e in/rum5t ( _! outp\r+4  ,if nature  
has omitt$ ^! great qualities1 no am\nt 
( tra9+ w create !m4 ,?is is :y1 among !
 great numb] :o wi% to be speak]s1 only 
a few scale ! heights4  ,b m5 ) small   

p]sonal magnetism & good tra9+ h done q 
well1 :ile o!rs ) l>ge p]sonal magnetism
 & no me?ods1 h made a complete failure1
 & h]e9 lies ! ju/ification = ?is       
volume4     ,,*apt] ,,ii  ,,exordium    
,! "p ( a lecture :i* consumes ! fir/ t5
 or fifte5 m9utes is call$ ! exordium1 f
 ! ,lat9 ^w exordiri--to beg9 a web4  ,!
 inv>iable rule z to ! mann] ( ?is "p ( 
a lecture is--beg9 easy4 ,any speak] :o 
breaks ?is rule invites almo/ c]ta9     
disa/]4 ,?is rule has ! univ]sal        
endorsem5t ( exp]i5c$ speak]s4          
,sometimes a gre5 speak]1 b5t on mak+ a 
hit at once1 w beg9 ) a bur/1 & 9 a high
 voice4 ,once begun1 he feels t ! pace  
mu/ be ma9ta9$ or increas$4  ,li/5]s :o 
h ! mis=tune to be pres5t at su* a      
comm5cem5t & :o d n wi% to h _! pity    
excit$1 _h bett] retire at once1 = :5   
su* a speak] has be5 at "w fifte5 m9utes
 & %\ld be gradually ga!r+ /r5g? l a    
broad5+ riv]1 he is really beg9n+ to    
decl9e4 ,f !n on ! lecture dies a l+]+  
dea? & ! audi5ce welcomes its demise ) a

 sigh ( relief4 ,su* p]=mances are n    
common1 z no "o c make t blund] twice   
be=e ! same audi5ce4 ,he may try x1 b if
 ! p :o he>d him be=e see 8 "n on !     
program !y w be abs5t4  ,at ! beg9n+1 ! 
voice %\ld be pit*$ b>ely high en\gh =  
ev]ybody to he>4 ,?is w br+ t hu% :i*   
%\ld m>k ! comm5cem5t ( e spee*4 ,:5 all
 are quiet & settl$1 raise ! voice s z  
to be cle>ly he>d by ev]ybody1 b no     
high]4 ,hold y\r en]gies 9 res]ve2 if y 
really h a lecture1 y w ne$ !m lat]4  ,z
 to ! matt] ( ! exordium1 x %\ld be     
prep>atory to ! lecture4 ,"h ! lectur]  
cle>s ! gr\nd or paves ! way = ! ma9 "q4
  ,if ! lecture is biographical & deals 
) ! life & "w ( "s great man1 ! exordium
 naturally tells ab\t 8 p>5ts1 bir?place
 & e>ly surr\nd+s1 etc4 ,if "s !ory 9   
sci5ce or philosophy is ! subject1 !    
lectur] naturally uses ! exordium to    
expla9 ! !ory :i* previ\sly occupi$ t   
gr\nd & h[ x came to be ov]?r[n by !    
!ory n[ to be discuss$4  ,"h ! way is   
cle>$ ( popul> misund]/&+s ( ! "q &1 if 

! !ory is to be def5d$1 all ^?          
criticisms t d n really t\* ! "q are    
easily & gracefully annihilat$4  ,"h1 if
 ,d>w9 is to be def5d$1 x may be %[n t  
^? witticisms1 aim$ at him1 ab\t !      
giraffe gett+ its long neck by          
cont9ually /ret*+ x1 or ! :ale gett+ its
 tail by hold+ its h9d legs too close 9 
swimm+1 d n apply to ,d>w9ism1 b to !   
explod$ !ory ( 8 great pr$ecessor1      
,lam>ck4  ,if ,sci5tific ,socialism is !
 "q1 x may be appropriately %[n 9 !     
exordium t ne>ly all ! objections :i*   
are /ill urg$ aga9/ x apply only to !   
,utopian ,socialism :i* ,sociali/       
lit]ature ab&on$ half a c5tury ago4  ,9 
%ort1 ! lectur] usually does 9 !        
exordium :at a family p>ty does :51 hav+
 decid$ to waltz a little 9 ! p>lor1 !y 
pu% ! table into a corn] & set back !   
*airs--he cle>s a space4     ,,*apt]    
,,iii  ,,beg9 ,,well   ,! ,%akespe>ian  
say+ t all's well t ends well is only a 
half tru?4 ,a good lecture mu/ n only   
end well2 x mu/ beg9 well4  ,! value (  

fir/ impressions is univ]sally          
recogniz$1 & an audi5ce w be mu* m l5i5t
 ) flaws t may come lat] if its         
appreciation & confid5ce h be5 ar\s$ at 
! comm5cem5t4  ,x is almo/ impossible to
 drive a nail prop]ly if x 0 />t$ wrong1
 & ! skillful workman w draw x out & />t
 x ov] aga94 ,b su* a blund] 9 lectur+  
_c be rem$i$--at lea/ = t occasion4 ,a  
/ale or confus$ beg9n+ haunts &         
depresses ! m9d ( ! speak] & makes 8 be/
 "w impossible4 ,x also de/roys !       
confid5ce ( ! audi5ce1 s t :at comes    
lat] is likely to be und]e/imat$4  ,?is 
necessity is recogniz$ n only by        
lectur]s1 b by all ! great ma/]s (      
poetry1 fiction & music4 ,wilhelm ,tell 
is be/ kn[n by its ov]ture & :at c\ld be
 m solemn & impressive ?an ! op5+ b>s ( 
,el ,mis]]e 9 ,v]di's ,il ,trovatore4   
,! g5ius ( ,dick5s %9es mo/ cle>ly 9 8  
op5+ pages1 & 8 "r to be rank$ ) ,juv5al
 z a satiri/ c\ld be easily e/abli%$ by 
! fir/ *apt] ( ,m>t9 ,*uzzlewit4 ,sir   
,walt] ,scott w\ld rank z "o ( ! _w's   

greate/ wits if he _h nev] writt5 any?+ 
b ! exploits ( ,dick ,p9to1 :i* s]ve z  
an introduction to ,! ,bride (          
,lamm]moor4  ,! op5+ l9es ( ,keats' fir/
 long poem1 ,endymion1 are immortal1 & !
 fir/ l9e ( t passage has become an     
integral "p ( ! ,engli% language3    ,a 
?+ ( beauty is a joy =ev]2   ,its       
lovel9ess increases2 x w nev]   ,pass   
into no?+ness1 b /ill w keep   ,a b[]   
quiet = u1 & a sleep   ,full ( deep     
peace & heal? & quiet brea?+4  ,! fir/  
/anza ( ! fir/ canto ( ,scott's ,m>mion 
gives a picture ( ,norham ca/le t nev]  
leaves ! memory4 ,milton's greate/ poem1
 ,p>adise ,lo/1 a poem :i* fasc9at$ !   
imag9ation ( ! great utopian1 ,rob]t    
,ow51 at ! age ( sev51 has no?+ 9 all   
its sonor\s music t l+]s 9 ! m9d l its  
magnific5t op5+ l9es1 & "o se>*es 9 va9 
?r\gh ! int]m9able l5g? ( ,wordswor?'s  
,excursion = a passage equal to ! fir/4 
,no lectur] :o aims high %\ld g ^u a    
plat=m & confront an audi5ce1 except 9  
cases ( great em]g5cy1 )\t hav+ work$   

out 8 op5+ s5t5ces4  ,fl\nd]+ is fatal1 
b _m an o!rwise capable speak] fl\nd]s  
ar\nd & hems & haws = ! fir/ t5 or      
fifte5 m9utes1 z a matt] ( c\rse4  ,if 8
 auditors are /range1 !y get re/less &  
disgu/$1 & "s ( !m g out4 ,if !y "k him1
 !y smile at "o ano!r & ! ceil+ & wait )
 m or less pati5ce until he gets />t$4  
,if x is a meet+ :]e o!rs are to speak1 
by ! "t he gets />t$ ! *airman is       
anxi\sly look+ at 8 wat* & wond]+ if he 
w h z mu* tr\ble to get done4  ,a       
lectur] %\ld rememb] t an audi5ce res5ts
 hav+ its "t wa/$ by a long1 fl\nd]+1   
mean+less preamble1 & x is sure to get  
ev54 ,next "t x w come late to avoid t  
prelim9>y cat* z cat* c p]=mance or--x w
 /ay away4     ,,*apt] ,,iv  ,,speak    
,,delib]ately   ,william ,ew>t          
,glad/one1 "o ( ! mo/ g5]ally admir$    
orators ! ,engli% h\se ( commons ev]    
li/5$ to1 spoke at an av]age ( #ajj     
words a m9ute4 ,phillips ,brooks1 !     
brilliant ,am]ican prea*]1 ma9ta9$ a    
rate ( #bae words a m9ute & 0 a t]ror to

 ! /5ograph]s engag$ to report him4  ,he
 succe$$ z a speak]1 n because ( 8 spe$1
 b 9 spite ( x2 because 8 enunciation 0 
p]fect & e ^w 0 cut (f cle> & di/9ct4 ,b
 v few m5 succe$ ) su* a h&icap1 &      
,brooks w\ld h done mu* bett] if he c\ld
 h r$uc$ 8 spe$ #dj p] c5t4  ,! av]age  
p]son 9 an audi5ce ?9ks sl[ly1 & !      
lectur] %\ld aim to meet ! requirem5ts (
 at lea/ a l>ge majority ( ^? pres5t1 & 
n m]ely ^? 9 ! assembly :o happ5 to be z
 well in=m$ z ! lectur]1 & c\ld !re=e   
keep pace ) him1 no matt] h[ rapidly he 
proce$s4 ,new ideas ne$ to be weigh$ z  
well z he>d1 & ! p[] ( weigh+ is less   
rapid ?an ! s5se ( he>+4 ,?is is :y a   
pause at ! prop] place is s helpful4  ,a
 "y lectur] _h 9 8 audi5ce on "o        
occasion a vet]an ( ! plat=m1 & 0 on t  
acc\nt anxi\s to d 8 be/4 ,?is          
situation1 z all new speak]s "k1 is v   
disconc]t+1 & aft] ! "y aspirant _h ru%$
 ?r\gh 8 op5+ argum5t pretty well1 z he 
?\ght1 lo1 8 memory slipp$ a cog & he   
wait$ 9 sil5ce1 :at seem$ to him an age1

 until x caught aga94 ,!n he cont9u$ to 
! end )\t a /op4 ,aft] ! meet+ ! vet]an 
came =w>d to %ake h&s4 ,h y any advice =
 me8 said ! "y man1 t awful breakd[n    
loom+ l>ge 9 8 m9d4  ,yes1 said ! s5ior1
 cultivate ! pause4  ,"o ( ! lectur]'s  
mo/ valuable assets is v>iety ( pace1 & 
?is is almo/ entirely lo/ by ! speak] ^:
 spe$ is always high4 ,obs]ve two m5    
argu+ 9 conv]sation :]e !re is no ?\ght 
( art or oratory4 ,:]e ! rem>ks are ( an
 explanatory nature ! words come sl[ly &
 c>efully4 ,:5 p]suasion becomes !      
object1 delib]ation is ?r[n aside &     
words beg9 to fl[ l a m\nta9 fre%et1 &  
if ! speak] has natural capacity he     
concludes 8 po9t ) a gr& ru% t c>ries   
ev]y?+ be=e x4  ,:5 a speak] c>efully   
selects 8 words & x is cle> to ! audi5ce
 t he is delib]ately weigh+ & measur+ 8 
s5t5ces1 8 li/5]s are unconsci\sly      
impress$ ) a s5se ( _! importance4  ,(  
c\rse1 delib]ation may be ov]done1 & if 
! audi5ce once gets ! impression t !    
speak] is sl[ & does n move along m     

quickly because he _c1 ! effect is      
disa/r\s4  ,delib]ation is closely ak9  
to s]i\sness & ! lectur] :o has no great
 & s]i\s "q to pres5t %\ld retire f !   
plat=m & try vaudeville4  ,x is j "h t !
 ,sociali/ has a great advantage1 = 8   
!me is ! mo/ s]i\s & trem5d\s t ev]     
occupi$ ! m9d ( man4     ,,*apt] ,v     
,,p]oration   ,! close ( a lecture is   
call$ ! p]oration--! ^w oration prefix$ 
by ! ,lat9 preposition p]4 ,p] has      
sev]al mean+s1 "o ( !m be+ to ! utmo/   
ext5t z 9 p]oxide--a sub/ance oxidiz$ to
 ! utmo/ degree4  ,?is is probably !    
s5se 9 :i* x is us$ 9 p]oration1 = !    
close ( a lecture %\ld be oratory at its
 utmo/4  ,! speak] :o has fail$ to      
obs]ve ! previ\s rules ab\t beg9n+ easy1
 & speak+ delib]ately w pay ! p5alty "h4
 ,if he has spok5 rapidly1 he w be      
unable to increase ! pace--at lea/1     
suffici5tly to get ! be/ results4  ,if  
he has spok5 too l\dly & kept no?+ 9    
res]ve1 8 voice w refuse to rise to !   
occasion4  ,! mann] ( ! p]oration has   

two ess5tials1 an increase ( spe$1 & a  
rais+ ( ! voice4 ,^! two ?+s g naturally
 toge!r2 z ! words come m quickly !     
voice t5ds to rise app>5tly             
automatically1 & ?is is z x %\ld be4  ,!
 p]oration has ! nature ( a triumph4 ,! 
"q has be5 f\ght out 9 ! ma9 body ( !   
lecture1 ! oppos+ positions h be5       
ov]?r[n1 & n[ ! ma9 conclusion is       
victori\sly proclaim$ & driv5 home4     
,ev5 if an elem5t ( pa?os ent]s into !  
p]oration1 x is a mi/ake to all[ ! voice
 to weak54 ,if x takes a l[] note1 x mu/
 make up 9 /r5g? & int5sity :at x loses 
9 height4 ,any?+ else is sure to prove  
an anticlimax4  ,! matt] ( ! p]oration  
%\ld consi/ ( ! ma9 conclusion ( !      
lecture1 & %\ld beg9 by ga!r+ toge!r !  
pr9cipal ?reads ( ! disc\rse :i* %\ld   
lead to t conclusion4  ,! necessity = a 
p]oration1 or /rong f9i%1 is recogniz$ 9
 music1 ! drama1 & ev]y?+ pres5t$ be=e  
an audi5ce4 ,mo/ b& selections end 9 a  
cra%1 ! majority ( in/rum5ts work+ at   
full capacity4 ,e musical com$y         

concludes ) its full ca/ on ! /age s++ !
 mo/ effective air4 ,e vaudeville p]=m] 
/rives to rea* a climax &1 :]e tal5t    
breaks d[n1 refuge is s\ght 9 "s su*    
mis]able subt]fuge z wav+ ! flag or     
pres5t+ a picture ( ! bulldog c\nt5ance 
( ,!odore ,roosevelt4  ,! ent]ta9]1     
h[ev]1 appeals to prevail+ op9ions &    
prejudices2 he gives ! audi5ce :at !y   
want4 ,! lectur] %\ld be an in/ructor & 
8 !me may be a new &1 z yet1 unpopul>   
tru?1 & x is 8 duty to give ! audi5ce   
:at !y %\ld h4  ,!re=e ! p]oration %\ld 
be full ( t p]suasive eloqu5ce :i* w    
lead ! audi5ce to a favorable           
consid]ation ( ! positions :i* h be5    
c>efully & judici\sly pres5t$ 9 ! body (
 ! lecture4     ,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,read    
,,widely   ,i _h j conclud$ a lecture 9 
,gr& ,junction1 ,colo41 ov] a ye> ago1  
:5 a burly railroad man /epp$ =w>d &    
introduc$ himself4 ,i =get 8 "n1 b      
rememb] well :at he said4 ,"h x is1 ab\t
 ^w = ^w3  ,i 0 an eng9e] ye>s ago1 z ,i
 am today1 b 9 ^? days ,debs 0 my       

fireman4 ,hav+ a little bett] job ?an   
he1 ,i naturally ?\ght ,i 0 ! sm>t] man4
 ,we us$ to sleep 9 ! same room4 ,we    
w\ld bo? turn 9 all tir$ f a long trip &
 ,i w\ld be asleep be=e y c\ld c\nt t54 
,aft] ,i _h slept ?ree or f\r h\rs ,i   
w\ld wake up ab\t two 9 ! morn+ & !re   
w\ld be ,debs ) a c&le1 %ad$ s z n to   
di/urb me1 read+ away at a book z if    
ev]y?+ dep5d$ on 8 und]/&+ all !re 0 9  
x4 ,_m a "t he only got "o or two h\rs' 
re/ be=e go+ to "w aga94  ,i told him he
 0 a d--d fool1 & ,i ?\ght he 04 ,i /ill
 believe !re 0 a d--d fool 9 t room1 b  
,i "k n[ t x wasn't ,debs4  ,e man :o   
ev] did any?+ really wor? :ile on !     
lecture plat=m has some?+ l t 9 8 life  
/ory1 & x is usually connect$ ) 8 e>li] 
ye>s4  ,! biography ( e great speak] or 
writ] has usually ?is passage or "o     
equal to x 9 ! e>ly pages3 ,he 0 an     
omnivor\s read]4 ,pr(essor ,huxley 9 8  
brief1 b *>m+ autobiography 9 ! fir/    
essay ( ! fir/ volume ( 8 collect$      
essays1 speak+ ( 8 e>ly y\?1 says1 ,i   

read ev]y?+ ,i c\ld lay my h&s ^u4  ,!  
speak] :o has le>n$ to sne] at book     
le>n+ is =$oom$ to failure & w sp>e     
himself _m humiliations by retir+ at    
once4  ,a conv]sation betwe5 f\r or five
 m5 came to my notice 9 :i* ! subject 0 
! translation into ,engli% ( ! second   
volume ( ,m>x's ,capital4 ,"o man said3 
,i don't c>e if x is nev] translat$4 ,!n
 a ,sociali/ speak]1 :o 0 pres5t1 /epp$ 
=w>d & said3 ,%ake h&s on t4 ,?is same  
speak] 0 at t "t engag$ = ne>ly a ye>'s 
"w4 ,! trip prov$ a failure & he w5t    
back into ! %ops & probably blam$ ev]y?+
 & ev]ybody except ! real cause--8 own  
attitude on ! "q ( k4  ,neglect+ to     
read1 9 a lectur]1 is some?+ m ?an a    
mi/ake--x is a vice4 ,its real "n is    
laz9ess4 ,z well expect good bricklay+ f
 a man too lazy to lift a brick4  ,!    
idea ( a man tea*+ some?+ he himself    
does n "k is grotesque1 & yet1 ,i h kn[n
 at lea/ ?ree-score :o felt div9ely     
appo9t$ to p]=m t v task4  ,^! rem>ks h 
no application 9 ! case ( ^? :o1 wi%+ to

 become lectur]s1 are det]m9$ to d      
ev]y?+ 9 _! p[] to acquire ! prop]      
qualifications1 b only to ^? :o ?9k t   
because !y h once p]suad$ an audi5ce to 
li/5 to !m1 !y n[ "k ev]y?+ necess>y to 
be kn[n4  ,a self-satisfi$1 ignorant man
 on a lecture plat=m is an anomaly t1   
=tunately1 is nev] long cont9u$1 = !    
process ( natural selection we$s him    
out4  ,i met a boy ( eighte5 ! o!r day )
 a ?umb-worn copy ( ,dietzg5's ,positive
 ,outcome ( ,philosophy "u 8 arm4 ,?is  
is ! mat]ial f :i* lectur]s are made4   
,,*apt] ,,vii  ,,read ,,! ,,be/   ,i met
 him at ,napa1 ,cal41 aft] ! meet+4 ,8  
"n 0 ,muell]2 a tall1 f9e old ,g]man4   
,he _h be5 ?r\gh ! ,bism>ck exception   
law p]secution & 0 well in=m$ 9 all t   
relat$ to t p]iod4 ,i ask$ him h[ x came
 ab\t t ! ,g]man movem5t 0 s well po/$ &
 unifi$4  ,he answ]$1 ,well1 ,bism>ck   
did t = u4 ,y see1 be=e ,bism>ck        
int]f]$1 we 7 all split up into little  
inside factions1 z x is "h1 to "s ext5t1
 n[4 ,t 0 because we _h scores ( pap]s1 

ea* tea*+ its own p>ticul> br& (        
,socialism4 ,e little bus9ess man :o    
became a ,sociali/ & _h a little money 9
 ! bank />t$ a pap] & gave ! _w 8 notion
 ( ,socialism4 ,bism>ck *ang$ all t2 he 
put !m all out ( bus9ess 9 a s+le day4  
,!n ! ,sociali/s _h only "o pap]1       
publi%$ outside ,g]many1 on v ?9 pap]1 &
 mail$ 9 seal$ envelopes4 ,?is pap] 0   
edit$ by ,b]n/e91 "o ( ! able/ ,m>xian  
s*ol>s1 & ?is uni=m read+ ( s\nd        
lit]ature 0 a v p[]ful factor 9 cl>ify+ 
! ,g]man ,sociali/ movem5t4  ,a lectur] 
mu/ get 8 data f ! v be/ au?orities4 ,he
 mu/ get 8 k ( natural selection1 n f ! 
pages ( "s ill-in=m$ pamphlete]1 b f ,! 
,orig9 ( ,species4 ,8 /atem5ts z to :at 
con/itutes ! ,sociali/ philosophy %\ld  
be bas$ on a c>eful /udy ( ,m>x1 ,engels
 & ! o!r writ]s :o h produc$            
,socialism's classic lit]ature1 & n on  
"s t5-c5t pamphlet by a new conv]t1     
publi%$1 n on its m]its1 b because !    
au?or _h money en\gh to get x pr9t$4  ,!
 ,japanese 9 ?is c\ntry %[ _! sup]iority

 9 ?is respect4 ,i _h a fri5d 9 ,san    
,francisco :o 0 a booksell]1 :o told me 
x 0 q impossible to sell a ,jap a book  
on any subject unless x 0 by ! greate/  
au?ority on t p>ticul> "q4 ,i _h *>ge ( 
! ,sociali/ lit]ature ( ,local ,san     
,francisco ne>ly a ye>1 & dur+ t p]iod !
 only books b\ght by ! ,japs 7 works by 
,m>x1 ,engels & ,labriola4  ,?is is :y !
 ,jews play s trem5d\s a "p 9 !         
,sociali/ movem5t ( ! _w4 ,! ,jew is    
almo/ always a /ud5t & (t5 a f9e s*ol>4 
,! wide exp]i5ce ( ! ,jewi% p has taught
 !m 7& !y h always be5 quick to le>n7 ! 
value ( t some?+ call$ s*ol>%ip1 :i* _m 
( _! dull] ,g5tile bre?r5 affect to     
despise4 ,s\nd s*ol>%ip %\ld be "o ( !  
wat*words ( ! lectur]1 & z he w nev] f9d
 "t to read ev]y?+ ( ! be/ t has be5    
writt51 x is safe to conclude t1 except 
= special reasons1 he _c sp>e "t or     
en]gy = books ( second or ?ird rate4  ,(
 c\rse1 9 ! beg9n+ x is usually bett] to
 approa* ! great ma/]s ?r\gh "s well    
in=m$1 popul>iz+ disciple4 ,a beg9n] 9  

biological evolution w\ld d well to     
approa* ,d>w9 ?r\gh ,huxley's essays &  
,john ,sp>go has be5 k9d en\gh to say t 
,m>x %\ld be approa*$ ?r\gh ! v>i\s     
volumes ( my publi%$ lectures4  ,!      
lectur] mu/ be famili> ) ! v be/2 he mu/
 plunge to ! greate/ dep?s & rise to !  
topmo/ heights4     ,,*apt] ,,viii      
,,subject   ,a great lecture mu/ h a    
great !me4 ,"o ( ! supreme te/s ( a     
lectur]'s judgm5t pres5ts itself :5 he  
is call$ ^u to *oose 8 subject4 ,look   
ov] ! li/ ( subjects on ! syllabus ( any
 speak] & ! man /&s reveal$4 ,8 previ\s 
intellectual tra9+1 or lack ( x1 :at he 
consid]s important1 8 g5]al m5tal       
attitude1 ! ext5t ( 8 in=mation & _m o!r
 ?+s c be pr$icat$ f 8 selection (      
topics4  ,e>ly 9 8 c>e] ! lectur] is    
oblig$ to face ?is "q1 & 8 future       
success h+es v l>gely on 8 decision4 ,n 
only is ! selection det]m9$ by 8 pa/    
read+1 b x 9 turn l>gely det]m9es 8     
future /udy4  ,n long ago a promis+ "y  
speak] loom$ up1 b he made a fatal      

mi/ake at ! v outset4 ,he select$ z 8   
special subject a "q 9 :i* few are      
int]e/$1 except corporation lawy]s--!   
,am]ican con/itution4  ,! greate/       
intellectual a*ievem5ts ( ! la/ fifty   
ye>s c5t] ar\nd ! progress ( ! natural  
sci5ces4 ,^? greate/ ( all problems = ! 
human race1 :5ce1 :i!r1 :]e=e1 h f\nd   
all t we really "k ( _! solution 9 !    
discov]ies ( physics & biology dur+     
rec5t times4 ,:at ,*>les ,d>w9 said ab\t
 ,! ,orig9 ( ,species is t5 ?\s& times m
 important ?an :at "s pettifogg+ lawy]  
said ab\t ,/ates' ,rights4 ,!           
revelations ( ! cellul> composition (   
animals by ,s*wan & plants by ,s*leid5  
m>k great] /eps 9 human progress ?an any
 or all ( ! decisions ( ! supreme c\rt4 
,lavoisi]1 ! discov]] ( ! p]man5ce (    
matt] & ! f\nd] ( mod]n *emi/ry1 w be   
rememb]$ :5 ev]ybody has =gott5 t ,judge
 ,m>%all & ,daniel ,web/] ev] liv$4 ,f  
^! & o!r epo*-mak+ discov]ies 9 ! doma9 
( sci5ce1 mod]n ,socialism gets its po9t
 ( dep>ture f ,utopianism1 & )\t ^?     

advances w\ld h be5 impossible4  ,"h is 
a new & glori\s _w f :i* ! work+ class  
has be5 c>efully %ut out4 ,"h we f9d    
armor t _c be d5t$ & weapons ^: po9ts _c
 be turn$ aside 9 ! /ruggle ( !         
,prolet>iat = its own emancipation4     
,any lectur] :o w acqua9t himself ) !   
names ( ,lam>ck1 ,d>w91 ,lyell1         
,lavoisi]1 ,huxley1 ,haeckel1 ,vir*[1   
,tyndall1 ,fiske1 ,wallace1 ,romanes1   
,helmholtz1 ,leibnitz1 ,humboldt1       
,weismann1 etc41 9 sci5ce1 & ,m>x1      
,engels1 ,laf>gue1 ,labriola1 ,f]ri1    
,v&]velde1 ,kautsky1 ,morgan1 ,w>d1     
,dietzg51 etc41 9 sociology1 & le>n :at 
^? names /& =1 su* a lectur]1 o!r ?+s   
be+ equal1 has a great & useful field   
be=e him4  ,x 0 well en\gh 9 ! middle   
ages = great conclaves ( cl]icals to    
discuss sagely :at language w be spok5 9
 heav51 & h[ _m angels c\ld dance a     
s>ab& on ! po9t ( a ne$le1 b ! tw5tie?  
c5tury is face to face ) trem5d\s       
problems & ! public m9d clamors = a     
solution4 ,x w li/5 eag]ly to ! man :o  

kn[s & has some?+ to say4 ,b x insi/s t 
! man :o kn[s no m ?an x kn[s itself1   
%all hold 8 peace4  ,?is is :y !        
,sociali/ & ! ,sci5ti/ are ! only m5 :o 
comm& real audi5ces--!y are ! only m5 ) 
great & vital tru?s to proclaim4        
,,*apt] ,,ix  ,,le>n ,,to ,,/op   ,!    
plat=m has no great] nuisance ?an t     
int]m9able bore--! speak] :o _c /op4 ,( 
all plat=m vices ?is is ab\t ! wor/4 ,! 
speak] :o acquires a reputation = x     
becomes a t]ror in/ead ( an attraction  
to an audi5ce4  ,z a rule !re is no     
audi5ce :5 8 "n is ! only item on ! c>d2
 he gets 8 *ance speak+ ) "s "o else :om
 ! li/5]s h really come to he>4 ,& ?is  
is j :5 8 p]=mance is lea/ desirable4   
,ei!r he gets 9 be=e ! real attraction &
 taxes ev]ybody's pati5ce1 or he foll[s 
& addresses 8 rem>ks to retreat+ %\ld]s4
  ,i met a man rec5tly :o _h made q a "n
 9 8 own t[n z a speak]1 & 8 t[nsm5     
visit+ o!r cities pr\dly decl>$ him a   
com+ ,bebel4 ,i took ! fir/ opportunity 
to he> him4 ,he _h a good voice & 0 a   

ready speak]1 b ,i soon f\nd he c>ri$ a 
burd5 t m ?an balanc$ all 8 m]its--he   
simply c\ld n /op4  ,i he>d him aga9 :5 
! committee manag+ ! program _h         
especially w>n$ him n to speak m ?an    
?irty m9utes4 ,at ! end ( =ty he 0 sail+
 along z ?\gh et]nity 0 at 8 disposal4  
,?ree diff]5t times1 at int]vals ( ab\t 
t5 m9utes1 !y pass$ him notes ask+ him  
to /op4 ,he read !m 9 pla9 view ( an    
audi5ce :i* knew :at !y meant1 & !n tri$
 to close1 & f9ally did s1 n by f9i%+ 8 
spee*1 b by %utt+ 8 m\? & walk+ (f !    
plat=m4 ,! next item 0 some?+ :i* !     
audi5ce _h paid money to enjoy1 b _m _h 
to leave to cat* a la/ c> home4 ,z !y   
pass$ me ne> ! door1 ! m5 swore & ! wom5
 came z ne> to x z !y d>$4 ,& yet !     
speak] compla9$ aft]w>d ( 8 treatm5t by 
! committee4 ,:5 he began he receiv$ a  
f9e ovation2 _h he f9i%$ at ! end (     
?irty m9utes he w\ld h cov]$ himself )  
glory2 he spoke an h\r & a qu>t] & mo/ (
 ^? pres5t hop$ !y w\ld nev] be oblig$  
to li/5 to him aga94  ,i ?\ght somebody 

ought to play ! "p ( c&id fri5d1 & ,i   
told him next day h[ x look$ to me4  ,he
 said3 ,i guess y are "r2 ,i believe    
,i'll get a wat*4  ,b ?is malady is     
usually mu* deep] ?an ! "q ( hav+ a     
wat*4 ,?is speak] acquir$ x :ile        
address+ /reet meet+s4 ,a /reet audi5ce 
is always *ang+ 9 "s degree4 ,a hall    
lecture is n requir$ & w\ld be out (    
place4 ,! auditors decide :5 !y h _h    
en\gh & leave ! meet+ unnotic$ & !      
speak] laun*es out aga9 on ano!r "q )   
fifty p] c5t ( 8 audi5ce new & 8 hopp+ f
 "q to "q1 & end+ ) good-night = a      
p]oration is q prop] on a /reet corn]4  
,n only is x prop]1 b x is v successful1
 & good /reet speak]s cultivate t me?od4
 ,?is is :y m5 :o are excell5t /reet    
speak]s & :o get _! tra9+ out doors are 
usually su* flat failures 9 a hall4     
,ev5 :5 all is go+ well1 an audi5ce or  
"s "p ( x w gr[ uneasy t[>d ! close1 n  
because !y _c /ay t5 or fifte5 m9utes   
long]1 b because !y d n "k :e!r !       
lectur] is go+ to close 9 t5 m9utes or  

?irty4  ,an exp]i5c$ lectur] w always   
detect t uneas9ess 9 mov+ feet or ru/l+ 
clo!s1 & at ! fir/ appropriate p]iod w  
look at 8 wat* & say1 9 a quiet b decid$
 tone1 ,i %all conclude 9 t5 m9utes1 or 
:atev] "t he requires4 ,!n ^? :o _c wait
 s long w at once )draw1 ! re/ w settle 
d[n to li/5 & h>mony w be re/or$4  ,b   
woe to ! speak] :o =gets 8 pl$ge & ?9ks 
he may take advantage ( t re/or$ quiet  
to g beyond ! "t he /at$4 ,next "t he   
speaks be=e t audi5ce & !y become       
re/less he w h no rem$y4  ,x is bett] to
 h y\r he>]s say1 ,i c\ld h li/5$ ano!r 
h\r1 ?an ,x w\ld h be5 bett] if he _h   
f9i%$ by t5 o'clock4     ,,*apt] ,x     
,,*airman   ,lectur]s le>n by exp]i5ce t
 ! *airman "q may become at times a v   
try+ problem4  ,_m a meet+ has be5      
spoil$ by an impossible *airman1 & !    
lectur] :o wi%es to h 8 "w produce ! be/
 result w always keep a ke5 eye on !    
*air1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 he %\ld n appe> to 
d s4  ,! functions ( ! *airman are ma9ly
 two3 ,to introduce ! speak]1 & to      

decide po9ts ( proc$ure4 ,! latt]       
function is only necess>y 9 delegate    
ga!r+s :]e all pres5t h ! "r to         
p>ticipate4 ,! =m] applies :]e a speak] 
is visit+ a t[n & is a /rang] to _m 9 8 
audi5ce4  ,9 ?is case1 :5 ! *airman has 
told ! audi5ce :o ! speak] is1 :]e he   
comes f1 :at 8 subject w be1 ! occasion 
& auspices ( ! meet+1 8 "w is done1 & ! 
*airman :o at ?is po9t leaves ! plat=m &
 takes a seat 9 ! front r[1 %\ld be     
pres5t$ ) a m$al ( unalloy$ gold & 8 "n 
%\ld be record$ 9 ! municipal ar*ives z 
an example to ! lecture *airm5 ( future 
g5]ations4  ,h[ (t5 has "o se5 a *airman
 dur+ ! lecture1 consci\s t he is 9 full
 view ( ! audi5ce1 cross+ 8 legs1 fir/  
"o way1 !n ! o!r1 try+ a doz5 diff]5t   
ways ( dispos+ ( 8 h&s ) becom+ grace1  
fumbl+ ) 8 wat* *a91 look+ at 8 wat* z  
if ! speak] _h already ov]/epp$ 8 "t1   
look+ n]v\sly at 8 program z if some?+ (
 enorm\s importance _h be5 =gott51 & do+
 a doz5 simil> ?+s1 mo/ ( !m            
unconsci\sly1 b none ! less cont9u\sly  

div]t+ ! att5tion ( ! audi5ce f ! speak]
 & 8 spee*4  ,h[ pleasantly d ,i recall 
! *airman :o came to my hotel & ask$ me 
to write him a two-m9ute spee*1 :i* he  
committ$ to memory1 b promptly =got be=e
 a cr[d$ op]a h\se & sub/itut$ = x1 ,mr4
 ,lewis ( ,san ,francisco w n[ address  
y1 & disappe>$ 9 ! w+s4 ,! fates be k9d 
to him6 ,he 0 ! pr9ce ( *airm54  ,i     
spoke on "o occasion 9 a l>ge city to a 
good audi5ce at a well adv]tis$ meet+ on
 ! ,moy]-,haywood-,pettibone "q4 ,i _h =
 *airman a local speak]1 :o1 fasc9at$ by
 s f9e an audi5ce1 spoke ov] ?irty      
m9utes 9 ?is /yle3 ,mr4 ,lewis w tell y 
h[ ^! m5 7 kidnapp$ 9 ,d5v]2 he w tell y
 h[ ! railroads provid$ a special tra9  
free ( *>ge2 he w tell y1 etc41 until he
 _h m5tion$ ab\t all t 0 kn[n ( ! case  
at t "t4 ,! fact t we _h a good meet+ & 
took up a big collection = ! def5se fund
 0 no fault ( 84  ,ano!r *airman ,i %all
 ev] rememb] is ! "o :o clos$ a rambl+  
spee* ) ! foll[+ t]se rem>ks3 ,y h all  
he>d ( ! speak]1 y h se5 8 "n 9 our     

pap]s2 he has a national reputation4 ,i 
w n[ call ^u him to make good4          
,=tunately1 mo/ inexp]i5c$ *airm5 seek !
 speak]'s advice & foll[ x4     ,,*apt] 
,,xi  ,,mann]isms   ,speak+ mann]isms   
are ( two k9ds1 ^? ( mann]1 ( c\rse1 &  
^? :i* by a metaphorical use ( ! t]m may
 be call$ mann]isms ( matt]4  ,! memory1
 said ! qua9t old ,full]1 mu/ be locat$ 
9 ! back ( ! head1 because !re m5 dig = 
x4 ,"s speak]s appe> to imag9e x c be   
f\nd 9 ! l9ks ( a wat* *a91 or obs]v$ 9 
! *9ks 9 ! ceil+4  ,mo/ mann]isms are   
undesirable & v few h any value4 ,z !y  
are usually =m$ e>ly1 "o %\ld look out =
 !m at ! outset & nip !m 9 ! bud1 be=e  
!y h a *ance to become fix$ habits4  ,i 
(t5 notice myself runn+ my f+]s ?r\gh my
 hair ab\t ! op5+ s5t5ce1 z ?\gh ,i c\ld
 !reby loos5 up my bra94  ,debs speaks a
 good deal d\bl$ up l ! corn] ( a       
squ>e--a mann]ism t probably has its    
orig91 p>tly 9 a body we>y f ov]work1 & 
p>tly f a desire to get clos] to !      
auditors on ! ma9 floor4  ,mann]isms (  

matt] are v common & _m speak]s seem to 
take no tr\ble to avoid !m4  ,_m speak]s
 become s addict$ to c]ta9 hackney$     
phrases t ^? us$ to he>+ !m speak c see 
!m com+ s5t5ces away4 ,"o ( ! h>de/     
ridd5 ( ^! is1 along ^? l9es4 ,i h he>d 
speak]s ov]work t s5t5ce until ,i nev]  
he> x )\t a %udd] & if ,i us$ x myself x
 w\ld be to ref] to c> l9es1 & ev5 !n ,i
 %\ld pref] ^? tracks4  ,g4 ,w4         
,woodbey1 our color$ speak] ( :at to d &
 h[ to d x fame1 nev] speaks an h\r )\t 
ask+ at lea/ ?irty times1 ,d y und]/&8 b
 ! inimitable mann] 9 :i* he pokes 8 *9 
=w>d z he does s usually convulses 8    
audi5ce & makes a virtue ( :at w\ld     
o!rwise be a defect4 ,! vet]an speak]   
,b>ney ,b]lyn says1 e little :ile1 y    
und]/&1 b he is s t]ribly 9 e>ne/1 & s  
=ceful 9 8 /yle1 t no "o b a cold blood$
 critic w\ld ev] notice x4  ,ano!r      
speak] ,i "k 9 ! we/1 asks 8 audi5ce    
ab\t e t5 m9utes1 ,d y get my po9t8 ,?is
 is v irritat+1 z x is really a con/ant 
que/ion+ ( ! audi5ce's ability to see   

:at he is driv+ at4 ,x w\ld be mu* bett]
 to say1 ,d ,i make myself und]/ood8 &  
put ! blame = possible failure :]e x    
usually belongs4 ,if an audi5ce fails to
 get ! po9t x is because ! speak] fail$ 
to put x cle>ly4  ,a t]ribly ov]work$ ^w
 is proposition4 ,x is a good ^w1 b t is
 no reason :y x %\ld be treat$ l a pack 
mule4  ,hackney$ words & phrases are due
 to laz9ess 9 con/ruction & a limit$    
vocabul>y4  ,! rem$y is to take pa9s 9  
=m+ s5t5ces1 practice diff]5t ways (    
/at+ ! same ?+1 increase y\r /ock (     
words by look+ up e new "o4  ,! lectur] 
%\ld always h a good diction>y )9 rea*1 
especially :5 read+1 if he has to borr[ 
! money to buy x4     ,,*apt] ,,xii     
,,c\rse ,,lectur+--,,no ,,*airman   ,! v
 fir/ ess5tial to successful c\rse      
lectur+ is--no *airman4 ,on ?ree diff]5t
 occasions ,i h tri$ to deliv] a long   
c\rse ( lectures ) a *airman1 z a       
concession to comrades :o disagre$ ) me4
 ,"o le>ns by exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 & ,i %all
 nev] repeat ! exp]im5t4  ,anyone :o    

sugge/$ t univ]sity c\rse lectures %\ld 
h a presid+ *airman w\ld get no s]i\s   
he>+4 ,all ! c\rse lectur]s n[ be=e !   
public disp5se ) *airm54 ,x is a case ( 
survival ( ! fitte/2 ! c\rse lectur]s :o
 _h *airm5 didn't "k _! bus9ess & !y    
disappe>$4 ,?is does n apply to a s]ies 
( ?ree or f\r lectures1 = 9 t case :5 ! 
speak] has become famili> ) 8 audi5ce1 &
 ! *airman %\ld be disp5s$ )1 8 "w is   
done & a new speak] appe>s :o ne$s to be
 introduc$4  ,c\rse lectur+ is by f> !  
mo/ difficult ( all =ms ( lectur+4 ,!   
beg9n] w n1 ( c\rse1 attempt x4 ,!re are
 %oals ( speak]s ( ov] five ye>s'       
exp]i5ce :o are n capable ( m ?an two   
lectures2 _m ( ! be/ are exhau/$ by half
 a doz54 ,a c\rse ( ?irty to fifty is a 
gigantic task1 & no "o :o realizes h[   
great x is w ?r[ a /raw 9 ! lectur]'s   
way4 ,to insi/ on 8 hav+ a *airman c\ld 
h>dly be call$ a /raw2 x w\ld m ne>ly   
approa* a /ick ( dynamite4  ,i take up  
?is "q because x is c]ta9 t ?is me?od ( 
lectur+ w increase among ,sociali/s 9 ! 

future & we %\ld le>n to avoid s\rces ( 
disa/]4  ,n[1 ,i w give reasons4 ,fir/1 
9 c\rse lectures ! *airman has no       
functions2 he is entirely sup]flu\s4    
,!re are no po9ts ( ord] or proc$ure to 
be decid$1 & ! speak] does n ne$ to be  
introduc$4  ,!re are notices to be      
ann\nc$1 b ^! are bett] left ) ! lectur]
 = _m reasons4 ,!y give him a *ance to  
cle> 8 ?roat1 f9d ! prop] pit* ( 8      
voice1 & get into communication ) 8     
audi5ce2 !n1 :5 he beg9s 8 lecture he c 
d 8 be/ f ! v fir/ ^w4  ,if ! lectur]   
kn[s t ! entire program is 9 8 own h&s  
he is sav$ a great deal ( irritation &  
n]v\sness4 ,h[ well ,i rememb] ^? little
 disputes ) ! *air :5 ,i knew ! meet+ 0 
lagg+ late & ! *airman insi/$ we %\ld   
wait until a few m came4  ,! speak]'s   
reque/ = a good collection w usually br+
 f tw5ty to =ty p] c5t bett] results ?an
 if x came f a *airman4  ,9 ann\nc+ !   
next lecture ! speak] is usually able1  
by tell+ :at gr\nd he w cov]1 etc41 to  
ar\se ! int]e/ ( ! audi5ce s t !y make  

up _! m9ds to att5d4  ,poor *airm5      
blund] along & make bad breaks :i*      
irritate bo? audi5ce & speak]1 :ile good
 *airm5 feel !y are do+ no?+ t c\ld n be
 bett] done by ! speak] &1 t !y are     
really only 9 8 way4  ,i h only met two 
k9ds ( m5 :o insi/ t ! c\rse lectur]    
%\ld be h&icapp$ ) a *airman2 ^? :o say 
x gives him too mu* p[]--an argum5t t   
belongs to ! suck+ bottle /age ( our    
movem5t--& ^? :o enjoy act+ z *airman4  
,i %\ld be sl[ to m5tion ! latt]1 b     
alas6 my own exp]i5ce s conclusively    
proves x1 & ! peculi>ity ( human nature1
 9 or out ( our movem5t is1 t x is      
wond]fully human4  ,!re are v few ( u :o
 d n enjoy sitt+ 9 pla9 view ( a l>ge   
audi5ce &1 :5 any good purpose is to be 
s]v$1 x is a v laudable ambition4  ,b if
 we h no bett] end to ga9 ?an /&+ betwe5
 a speak] & 8 audi5ce &1 ?\gh ) ! be/   
int5tions 9 ! _w1 add+ to ! difficulties
 ( a task t is already great] ?an mo/ ( 
u w\ld c>e to face1 = ! sake ( our great
 cause1 & t x may be ! m ably def5d$1   

let u refra94     ,,*apt] ,,xiii        
,,c\rse ,,lectur+--,,le>n ,,to          
,,classify   ,! def9ition ( sci5ce z k  
classifi$1 :ile leav+ mu* to be said1 is
 p]haps1 z satisfactory z any t c\ld be 
cond5s$ into two words4  ,a tra9$       
capacity = classification is :olly      
indisp5sable 9 a c\rse lectur]4 ,we all 
"k ! speak] :o ann\nces 8 subject & !n  
rambles (f all ov] ! univ]se4 ,) ?is    
speak]1 ev]ybody kn[s t1 no matt] :at ! 
subject or ! occasion ( ! meet+1 x is   
go+ to be ! same old talk t has done    
duty1 h[ long nobody c rememb]4  ,if1 "u
 ! head ( surplus value y talk tw5ty    
m9utes ab\t prohibition1 h[ w y avoid   
repetition :5 y come to speak on !      
temp]ance "q8  ,! sure/ way to acquire  
?is qualification is to /udy ! sci5ces4 
,! dazzl+ array ( facts :i* sci5ce has  
accumulat$1 owe half _! value to !      
sy/ematization !y h receiv$ at ! h&s (  
h] greate/ savants4  ,x is impossible to
 take a /ep 9 sci5tific /udy )\t com+   
face to face ) h] gr& classifications4  

,at ! v beg9n+ sci5ce divides ! univ]se 
into two p>ts1 ! inorganic & ! organic4 
,! inorganic is /udi$ "u ! head (       
physics2 ! organic1 "u biology4         
,physics 7n ! k9d "o ?r[s to ! dogs1 (  
c\rse7 is !n subdivid$ into ,a/ronomy1  
,*emi/ry1 & ,geology1 :ile ,biology has 
its two great divisions1 ,zoology       
7animals7 & ,botany 7plants71 all ^!    
hav+ subdivisions rea*+ into e          
ramification ( ! mat]ial univ]se1 :i* is
 ! real subject matt] ( sci5ce1 be+ z x 
is ! only ?+ ab\t :i* we possess any k4 
,ano!r way ( le>n+ to classify is to    
select a subject & !n read x up4 ,"h is 
a good me?od3  ,take a t5-c5t copy book1
 ! usual size ab\t eight by six in*es & 
beg9 on ! fir/ inside page4 ,write on ! 
top ( ! page1 left side1 a good subject1
 leav+ t page & ! "o opposite to be us$ 
= t "q4 ,turn ov] & d ! same aga9 on !  
next page ) "s o!r subject4 ,?is        
practice ( select+ subjects1 9 itself1 w
 be valuable tra9+4  ,9 ! se>* =        
subjects take any good lecture syllabus 

& select ^? ab\t :i* y h a fair g5]al   
idea4 ,y w soon le>n to frame "s ( y\r  
own4 ,good examples ( /&>d que/ions are 
,free ,w1 ,natural ,selection1 ,natural 
,rights1 ,economic ,det]m9ism1          
,mutation1 ,individualism1 & a ho/ (    
o!rs1 all ( :i* h a di/9ct position 9   
?\ght1 & ab\t :i* !re is a /&>d         
lit]ature4  ,!n1 9 y\r g5]al read+1     
:5ev] y come across any?+ ( value 9 any 
book1 on any ( y\r li/$ subjects1 turn  
to ! page 9 y\r copy book & ent] x up1  
au?or1 volume1 *apt] & page4 ,:5 y come 
to lecture on t "q1 !re x w be1 or1 at  
lea/1 y w "k j :]e x is4  ,( c\rse1 !   
two pages devot$ to ,natural ,rights    
w\ld m5tion1 among o!r ref]5ces1 ,pr(4  
,david ,g4 ,rit*ie's book on ,natural   
,rights2 & ! eigh? essay ( ,huxley's    
,fir/ ,volume ( ,collect$ ,essays1 9 :i*
 he annihilates ,h5ry ,george4  ,all ?is
 means an imm5se quantity ( read+1 b    
unless y h c>efully read & weigh$ ab\t  
all ! be/ t has be5 said on any "q1 y\r 
own op9ions w h no value1 & x is simply 

presumption to wa/e ! "t ( an audi5ce   
dol+ out a conception t1 = aught y "k1  
may h be5 knock$ 9 ! head half a c5tury 
ago4  ,:at c be m tiresome ?an ! prattle
 ab\t absolute ju/ice1 et]nal tru?1     
inali5able rights1 ! id5tity ( ! e?ics (
 ,*ri/ianity ) ^? ( ,socialism1 & a lot 
( o!r !ories1 :i* lo/ _! foot+ 9        
sci5tific lit]ature & transmigrat$ to   
beg9 a new c>e] among ! un9=m$1 sixty   
ye>s ago4  ,( c\rse1 "s ( ^! positions  
look all "r to y n[1 b :5 y le>n :at has
 be5 reveal$ ab\t !m by ! sci5ce &      
philosophy ( ! la/ six decades1 !y w    
seem ab\t z rational z ! doctr9e ( a    
p]sonal devil or ! !ory ( a flat e>?4   
,& until y\r read+ is wide en\gh to give
 y ?is view ( !m1 y _h bett] n attempt  
c\rse lectur+ 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury4       
,,*apt] ,,xiv  ,,prep>ation   ,said     
,francis ,bacon1 ! au?or ( ,novum       
,organum1 ,read+ make? a full man1 writ+
 an exact man1 & conv]sation a ready    
man4  ,! fir/ 9 importance ( ^! is to be
 a full man4 ,! lectur] %\ld n deliv]   

himself on any subject unless he has    
read ab\t all !re is ( value on t "q4   
,if1 :5 y read1 ! words all run toge!r 9
 ! fir/ few m9utes1 or1 y inv>iably get 
a heada*e ab\t ! ?ird page1 let lectur+ 
alone4 ,rememb] t !re mu/ be li/5]s z   
well z lectur]s1 & y may make a good    
li/5]1 a quality none too common1 b1 z =
 lectur+1 y h ab\t z mu* *ance ( success
 z a man :o c\ld n climb t5 rungs ( a   
ladd] )\t go+ dizzy1 w\ld h z a         
/eeplejack4  ,! speak] :o writes out 8  
spee* & commits x to memory & !n recites
 x1 has at lea/1 ?is 9 8 favor3 8       
p]=mance repres5ts great labor4 ,an     
audi5ce usually is1 & %\ld be1 v l5i5t )
 anyone :o has obvi\sly labor$ h>d = its
 b5efit4  ,writ+ out a spee* has _m     
advantages1 & beg9n]s especially %\ld   
practice x ext5sively4 ,x gives "o      
precision or1 z ,bacon puts x1 makes an 
exact man4 ,x gives "o exp]i5ce 9 f9d+ !
 correct ^w4  ,if y h n le>n$ to f9d !  
"r ^w at y\r desk :]e y h "t to reflect1
 h[ d y suppose y w f9d x on ! plat=m   

:]e y mu/ g on8  ,9 try+ a passage 9 y\r
 /udy x is well to /& ab\t z y w\ld on a
 plat=m4 ,my fri5d ,jack ,london assur$ 
me t :5 he took to ! plat=m 8 *ief      
difficulty arose f nev] hav+ le>n$ to   
?9k on 8 feet4  ,writ+ is also a great  
te/ ( ! value ( a po9t4 ,_m a po9t t    
looks brilliant :5 y fir/ conceive x    
turns out badly :5 y try to write x out4
 ,on ! o!r h&1 an unpromis+ idea may    
prove q f]tile :5 tri$ out ) a p54 ,x is
 bett] to make ^! discov]ies 9 y\r /udy 
?an be=e y\r audi5ce4  ,z to conv]sation
 & its mak+ a ready man1 a bett] me?od  
p]haps1 is to argue ! matt] out ) a     
mirror1 or ! wall1 9 ab\t ! same mann] &
 /yle z y expect to use on ! plat=m4    
,to practice be=e "o or two p]sons 9 !  
/yle y expect to adopt be=e an audi5ce  
is s inh]5tly incompatible ) ! diff]5t  
circum/ances1 t ,i don't believe anybody
 ev] made x succe$4 ,x is f> bett] to be
 alone1 especially :5 work+ out y\r mo/ 
important po9ts1 & build+ y\r op5+ &    
clos+ s5t5ces4  ,probably ! be/ =m (    

lectur+ is to speak f a few pages (     
notes4 ,a cle>ly def9$ skeleton1 9 a    
lecture1 z 9 an animal1 is ! sure sign (
 high organization1 :ile x is desirable 
to fill 9 ! fle% & clo!s ) a p5 be=eh&1 
x w be well to le>n to deliv] x to !    
public ) no?+ b ! skeleton be=e y4  ,9  
c\rse lectures1 quotations mu/ be read1 
z a rule1 z !re is n "t en\gh betwe5    
lectures to commit !m to memory4 ,b :]e 
! same lecture is giv5 repeat$ly be=e   
diff]5t audi5ces1 ?is condition does n  
exi/1 & ! quotations %\ld be memoriz$4  
,frequ5t quotations1 f ! be/ au?orities1
 is "o ( ! m>ks ( a good lecture1 z ( a 
good book4  ,a good plan is to write out
 ! skeleton ( ! lecture fully at fir/1  
say fifte5 or tw5ty note book pages1 !n 
?9k x c>efully ov] & cond5se to ab\t t54
 ,a really good1 well organiz$ lecture  
:]e ! lectur] has _h ample "t1 or :5 he 
has already deliv]$ x a few times1 %\ld 
be r$ucible to "o or two pages ( notes4 
,?is skeletoniz+ is a good te/ ( a      
lecture4 ,a m]e collection ( words has  

no skeleton4 ,in/ead ( comp>+ ) a mammal
 at ! top ( ! organic scale1 x is l a   
=mless1 undiff]5tiat$ protozoon at !    
bottom4  ,z an example ( a skeleton1 "h 
are ! notes ( ! lecture ) :i* ,i clos$ !
 season at ! ,g>rick 9 ,may1 #aijg3     
,,socialism ,,& ,,mod]n ,,e?ical        
,,sci5ce      7#a7 ,! g5]al confusion on
 ?is "q4     7#b7 ,! inroads ( positive 
sci5ce into ?is field4     7#c7 ,!      
hi/orical s*ools ( ,e?ics3       7#a7 ,!
 ,!ological4       7#b7 ,! intuitional4 
7#c7 ,! utilit>ian4         7#a7 ,def9e 
^!2         7#b7 expla92         7#c7   
criticise4       7#d7 ,mod]n sci5ce     
endorses utilit>ianism4       7#e7 ,?is 
/ill leaves unsettl$ ! problem ( :o     
%all det]m9e :at is ( utility to        
society8       7#f7 ,m>x gave !         
answ]--,! rul+ class4       7#g7 ,!y    
rule because !y control society's       
f\ndation1           its mode (         
production4       7#h7 ,! work+ class1 9
 ord] to en=ce its own           e?ics  
mu/ control society at its base2 x mu/  

take           possession ( ! means (   
production4  ,:5 ,i fir/ deliv]$ ?is    
lecture ,i _h ab\t tw5ty pages ( notes  
ne>ly twice ! size ( ?is book page1 !   
?ree items1 def9e1 expla91 criticize1   
tak+ half a doz54     ,,*apt] ,,xv      
,,debat+   ,really great debat]s1 l !   
animal recon/ruct$1 z ,bret ,h>te       
relates1 be=e ,! ,society on !          
,/anislaw1 are extremely r>e4 ,?is is   
because ! great debat] mu/ h a numb] (  
accompli%m5ts any "o ( :i* requires     
some?+ v closely approa*+ g5ius4  ,!    
great debat] mu/ fir/ ( all be a        
brilliant speak]2 b he mu/ also be a    
speak] ( a c]ta9 k9d4 ,_m brilliant     
speak]s are utt]ly helpless 9 debate4 ,!
 mo/ helpless ( ^! is ! speak] :o is    
b\nd closely to 8 fully writt5          
manuscript or :o dep>ts f x only by     
memoriz+ ! s5t5ces4  ,a c]ta9 prea*] 9 a
 d\ble wall$ brick *ur* f\nd a *9k 9 !  
inn] wall j back ( ! pulpit4 ,he f\nd   
?is crevice a conv5i5t pigeon hole = 8  
c>efully writt5 & always excell5t s]mon 

dur+ ! prelim9>y p>ts ( ! s]vice4 ,:ile 
! congregation sang ! la/ v]se ( ! hymn 
prec$+ ! s]mon he w\ld draw x f its hid+
 place & lay x on ! pulpit4 ,"o fatal   
,sunday he pu%$ x too f> 9 & x fell     
betwe5 ! two walls hopelessly beyond    
imm$iate recov]y4 ,8 angui% dur+ ! la/  
v]se z ! noveli/s say1 begg>$           
description4 ,he read a *apt] f ! ,bible
 & dismiss$ 8 flock4 ,"o _c imag9e su* a
 speak]1 brilliant z he 0 ) 8 pages be=e
 him1 a*iev+ any success 9 debate4  ,!  
qualities ( a great debat] may be rang$ 
"u two heads3 7#a7 g5]al1 7#b7 te*nical4
 ,! g5]al qualifications mu/ be ^? ( a  
ready speak]1 fully ma/] ( 8 subject &  
able to ?9k quickly & cle>ly & to clo!  
an idea 9 =ceful1 suitable language on v
 %ort notice4 ,! ability to detect a    
flaw 9 an oppon5t's case does n consi/  
m]ely 9 clev]ness1 b w dep5d ^u !       
?or\ghness ( y\r /udies be=e go+ on !   
plat=m4  ,! great debat] mu/ g to !     
bottom ( ?+s4 ,x is all v well to take  
an oppon5t's spee* & reply to x po9t by 

po9t1 ev5 to ! la/ detail4 ,x is va/ly  
bett]1 h[ev]1 if y c lay y\r h&s on !   
fundam5tal fallacy t und]lies ! :ole    
case & explode t4  ,i well rememb] my   
debate ) ,bolton ,hall4 ,mr4 ,hall's    
:ole case re/$ on ! !ory ( ! exi/5ce (  
c]ta9 ,nature-giv5 & ,god-giv5 rights ( 
man4 ,! apo/les ( ! ,s+le ,tax f ,george
 d[n nev] knew & probably nev] w "k h[  
completely all ?is has be5 swept into ! 
du/-b9 by mod]n sci5ce4 ,x 0 only       
necess>y = me to demon/rate !           
hopelessness ( ,mr4 ,hall's ma9 !sis to 
leave him /&+ be=e ! audi5ce )\t s mu* z
 ! possibility ( a real answ]4  ,we %all
 consid] at "s l5g? ! te*nical me?ods t 
make = effective debat+4 ,9 my op9ion1  
=m$ f my own exp]i5ce1 ?is "q ( me?ods  
is ( ! greate/ importance4  ,! mo/      
important ?+ 9 ?is connection is h[ to  
make ! be/ use ( ! "t all[$ & always "k1
 :ile speak+1 h[ mu* y /ill h left4 ,y  
may look at y\r wat* at ! beg9n+ ( y\r  
spee*1 b once />t$1 ! bra91 work+ at    
full capacity1 refuses to rememb]1 & y  

turn to ! *airman & ask ,h[ mu* "t h ,i8
 ,?is n only wa/es y\r "t1 b di/racts ! 
att5tion ( ! audi5ce f y\r attack or    
reply4 ,aga91 ! relief is only tempor>y1
 = 9 a few m9utes y are aga9 9 ! same   
dilemma4 ,!n1 wor/ ( all1 "r 9 ! middle 
( an argum5t1 d[n comes ! gavel1 & ) a  
lame ,i ?ank y1 y sit d[n4 ,!re are m5  
:o c c>ry ! "t 9 _! heads1 b z a rule !y
 are n good debat]s1 z !y d s because   
only a "p ( _! en]gies are ?r[n into !  
debate itself4  ,?is difficulty hamp]$  
me t]ribly 9 _m debates & ! only        
consolation ,i c\ld f9d 0 t x seem$ to  
hamp] my oppon5ts ab\t z mu*4 ,b x nev] 
tr\bles me n[ ow+ to ! foll[+ simple1 b 
invaluable device3 ,see t y\r wat* is   
w\nd1 take half a po/age /amp1 &1 z !   
*airman calls y =?1 /ick ! /amp across !
 face ( y\r wat* 9 su* a position t :5 !
 l>ge h& goes into eclipse y\r "t is up4
 ,!n place x on ! desk :]e x w be always
 visible1 & ! space betwe5 ! h& & ! l9e 
( eclipse always %[s y\r rema9+ "t4  ,on
 ! occasion ( my debate ) ,mr4 ,*af91 ! 

la/ presid5tial c&idate ( ! ,prohibition
 p>ty1 on ,socialism v]sus ,prohibition 
z a ,solution ( ! ,social ,problem1 ,mr4
 ,l\is ,po/1 ! well-kn[n editor ( ,!    
,public1 0 *airman4 ,he c\rte\sly ask$ u
 h[ mu* w>n+ we ne$$ be=e ! close ( our 
sev]al spee*es4 ,mr4 ,po/ is no novice 9
 debate & he look$ mu* surpris$ :5 ,i   
told him n to w>n me at all & t he w\ld 
h no ne$ ( clos+ me ) ! gavel4 ,he      
probably ?\ght ,i _h decid$ to use only 
"p ( ! "t all[$ me4 ,:51 at ! close ( my
 longe/ spee* ,i f9i%$ a some:at        
difficult & elaborate p]oration squ>ely 
on ! la/ qu>t] ( ! la/ second1 ,mr4     
,po/'s a/oni%m5t 0 s great t he bur/ out
 ) x to ! audi5ce4 ,he said3 ,mr4 ,lewis
 does n require a *airman2 )\t any help 
f me 9 any way he clos$ t spee* "r to ! 
mom5t4 ,i don't "k h[ he does x2 x is a 
my/]y to me2 ,i c\ldn't d x to save my  
life6  ,9 my debate ) ,cl>5ce ,d>r[ on  
,non-resi/ance1 at ! close ( my long    
spee*1 :5 our excell5t *airman1 ,mr4    
,h]b]t ,c4 ,duce1 ?\ght ,i _h lo/ all   

track ( "t & 0 go+ to ne$ ! gavel1 to 8 
surprise1 j z my la/ second expir$ ,i   
turn$ to ,d>r[ & ask$ a m9ute's grace to
 quote f ,t5nyson1 :i* ,d>r[ gave ) a   
promptness t scor$ heavily ) ! audi5ce4 
,= "s days be=e a debate ,i take c>e t  
my pocketbook is well suppli$ ) po/age  
/amps4  ,ano!r matt] ( ! v fir/         
importance is ! tak+ ( notes ( y\r      
oppon5t's spee* & prep>+ to reply :5 y\r
 turn comes4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s ,i h  
met 9 debate1 ,h5ry ,george1 ,jr41      
,cl>5ce ,d>r[1 ,m4 ,m4 ,mangas>ian1     
,pr(essor ,john ,curtis ,k5n$y1 ,eug5e  
,*af91 ,john ,z4 ,:ite1 ,w4 ,f4 ,b>n>d1 
,bolton ,hall1 ,h4 ,h4 ,h>d+e1 ,*as4 ,a4
 ,w9dle1 editor ( ,! ,iconocla/1 & o!rs1
 all m5 ) a national & _m ) an          
int]national reputation z plat=m ma/]s4 
,b ,i h nev] be5 able to und]/& :y almo/
 all ( !m1 except ,b>n>d & ,k5n$y1 made 
almo/ no real use ( _! "t :ile ,i 0     
speak+4 ,! probable reason is t debat+  
has n be5 cultivat$ z an art 9 ?is      
c\ntry4  ,!y sit quietly 9 a *air )\t   

table or note pap] & are satisfi$ to    
scribble an occasional note on "s scrap 
( pap] !y seem to h pick$ up by accid5t4
 ,cl>5ce ,d>r[ got m out ( ?is easy go+ 
me?od ?an any man ,i ev] met4  ,) all   
def]5ce to ! names ,i h giv5 ,i mu/     
insi/ t ?is is no way to debate4 ,x %\ld
 be done ?or\ghly & sy/ematically4 ,= my
 own purposes ,i h r$uc$ ?is "p ( debat+
 to an exact sci5ce4 ,i d n dread a     
debate n[ z ,i once did4 ,my only c>e is
 to see t ,i am ma/] ( ! subject4  ,i w 
n[ give my late/ me?od ( note tak+--!   
product ( ye>s ( exp]i5ce & _m long h\rs
 ( c>eful plann+4 ,x works s simply &   
p]fectly t ,i d n see h[ x c be fur!r   
improv$4 ,?is confid5ce 9 ! p]fection ( 
my me?ods is n usual ) me4 ,i h tri$ e  
me?od ,i c\ld he> ( or s*eme out1 & ?is 
is ! only "o t ev] gave satisfaction4   
,n[ = ! me?od4  ,h a table on ! plat=m4 
,nev] all[ ! *airman to op5 ! debate    
until y\r table & *air h be5 provid$4   
,next1 a good supply ( loose pages (    
blank :ite pap] ( reasonably good       

quality & fairly smoo? surface4 ,a good 
size is n9e in*es long & six wide4 ,any 
:olesale pap] h\se w cut !m = y4        
,rememb]1 !y mu/ be loose2 d n try to   
use a note book4 ,next1 a good lead     
p5cil1 writ+ blue at "o end & r$ at !   
o!r4  ,:5 y\r oppon5t makes 8 fir/ po9t 
make a note ( x 9 blue at ! top ( "o (  
y\r loose pages4 ,!re is no ne$ ( numb]+
 any ( ! pages4 ,keep t page exclusively
 = t "o po9t4 ,leave ! upp] half ( !    
page = ! note ( 8 po9t4 ,if y h y\r     
answ] ready1 make a note ( x half way   
d[n ! page 9 r$4  ,?is w leave a space  
"u bo? ! blue note ( y\r oppon5t's po9t 
& ! r$ note ( y\r reply4 ,9 ! upp] space
 y may ent] full] detail ( 8 po9t if y  
?9k be/4 ,9 ! bottom space y may amplify
 y\r reply or /rike out y\r fir/ idea ( 
reply & ent] "o t seems /rong]4  ,!     
imm5se advantage ( ?is "o-po9t-"o-page  
sy/em is t 9 arrang+ ! ord] ( reply y   
ne$ only arrange ! pages4 ,! position ( 
any po9t may be *ang$ by mov+ ! page    
deal+ ) x4  ,:5 y h complet$ a page by  

ent]+ ! blue note & ! r$ reply & y feel 
t y h t item well 9 h&1 lay t page aside
 & "w on ! completion ( o!rs4 ,:5 y\r   
oppon5t is ab\t half ?r\gh 8 spee* y    
%\ld h ab\t half a doz5 pages complet$ &
 y %\ld beg9 to put !m 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y
 are to be us$4  ,a good /rong po9t %\ld
 be select$ to op54 ,lay ?is page face  
d[nw>d on y\r table1 away f ! re/ ( y\r 
pap]s1 :]e x w /& =? cle>ly & n cause y 
to hunt ar\nd ! table :5 ! *airman calls
 y4 ,lay ! second po9t page on top ( x1 
face d[n1 ( c\rse4 ,:5 y h a pile l ?is1
 by turn+ x ov] & lay+ x be=e y face up1
 y are ready to beg94 ,y c re>range !   
ord] ( ^! pages f "t to "t dur+ ! latt] 
"p ( y\r oppon5t's spee*4  ,:5ev] y f9d 
y\r oppon5t develop+ a po9t y h already 
grasp$ & not$1 y may take "t to g ov] ! 
pile ( complet$ pages4 ,9 ?is ov]haul+  
process y w f9d "s faulty pages4 ,if y h
 not$ a weak po9t ( y\r oppon5t's & x   
does n admit ( a /rong1 cle> reply1 take
 x out ( y\r pile & place x sep>ately s 
t x may be return$ if y c improve x     

suffici5tly1 or f9ally reject$ & left   
unus$ if y _c4  ,by ! "t y\r oppon5t is 
ab\t to close y %\ld h ab\t twice z _m  
pages z y c use 9 ! "t all[$ y & !y %\ld
 be rapidly b c>efully sift$4 ,any?+ t  
looks vague or weak %\ld be ?ru/ aside4 
,if ne$ be1 x is bett] to sp5d extra "t 
on "s /rong position :i* is fundam5tal  
to ! debate4  ,to make a good debate y  
mu/ meet y\r oppon5t mo/ fully on 8     
/ronge/ gr\nd4 ,any tricky evasion ( 8  
/rong po9ts & enl>g+ ( m9or issues is   
disgraceful to y & insult+ to ! audi5ce4
 ,x is ?is latt] k9d ( debat+ :i* has   
prejudic$ ! public aga9/ debates4  ,a   
real debate %\ld be a cle> pres5tm5t (  
two oppos+ s*ools ( ?\ght by m5 :o      
und]/& bo?1 b basically disagree z to _!
 tru?4 ,su* a debate has an educational 
value ( ! v highe/ ord]4  ,e spee*1 z 9 
lectur+1 %\ld h a /rong close4 ,! la/   
po9t c usually be select$ be=e ! debate 
beg9s1 z x w probably deal ) ! valuable 
results fl[+ f y\r position4 ,?is me?od 
enables y to prep>e ! clos+ s5t5ce or   

s5t5ces--:i* is ( great importance4 ,x  
is "o ( ! great disadvantages ( debate t
 y\r spee*es are liable to end lame & if
 y c avoid ?is1 "o ( y\r knottie/       
problems is solv$4  ,a /rong po9t also  
%\ld be select$ to op5 )2 a po9t t w put
 ! audi5ce 9 good humor by its wit is   
especially valuable4 ,b rememb] wit is  
only valuable :5 x be>s on ! "q &       
/r5g!ns or illu/rates an argum5t4 ,any  
indulg5ce 9 wit m]ely to turn a laugh   
aga9/ y\r oppon5t w disgu/ ! intellig5t 
memb]s ( ! audi5ce & ! pity is t !re are
 always block-heads to applaud su*      
deplorable me?ods4 ,! plat=m suff]s an  
irrep>able loss :5ev] x is us$ by       
debat]s :om nature int5d$ = %y/] lawy]s4
  ,z an example ( a good po9t = op5+ a  
reply1 take ! foll[+ f my debate 9 !    
,g>rick1 ,octob]1 #aijg3  ,my oppon5t1  
,mr4 ,h>d+e1 said1 ,z an ,individuali/  
,mr4 ,sp5c] 0 an extremi/ 9 "o          
direction1 & ! ,sociali/ is an extremi/ 
9 ! o!r4 ,i take a middle gr\nd2 y w    
always f9d ! tru? ab\t half way4  ,my   

note ( ?is 79 blue7 01 extremi/1 middle 
gr\nd4 ,my note ( answ] 79 r$7 0 revolv+
 e>?4  ,?is 0 ! answ] z ,i made x f ^!  
two notes3  ,mr4 ,h>d+e said we %\ld n  
be ,sociali/s because we %\ld !n be z   
great extremi/s 9 "o direction z 0 ,mr4 
,sp5c] 9 ! o!r4 ,we %\ld foll[ ,mr4     
,h>d+e's example & take ! middle gr\nd  
=1 says he1 tru? is always to be f\nd   
half way4 ,!re=e1 if anyone %\ld ask y1 
does ! e>? revolve f ea/ to we/1 or f   
we/ to ea/1 y %\ld answ]1 'a little (   
bo?4'  ,x w\ld h be5 small consolation  
to ,mr4 ,h>d+e to "k t ?is reply 0 tak5 
f ! individuali/ ,sp5c]1 :o %\ld h be5 8
 ma9/ay 9 ! debate4 ,b su* ?+s are      
common prop]ty & ,i _h j z mu* "r to    
take x f ,sp5c] z he _h to take x f     
,george ,eliot4     ,,*apt] ,,xvi       
,,tricks ,,( ,,debate   ,!re are a great
 numb] ( tricks t may be practic$ 9     
debate4 ,!y %\ld be avoid$ by ! s]i\s   
man :o is debat+ to def5d a great cause4
 ,x is well to "k ! be/ me?ods b any?+ l
 a trick %\ld nev] be practic$4  ,"s    

debat]s ,i h met actually consid] x sm>t
 to fill an op5+ spee* ) empty words s z
 to h&icap _! oppon5t by giv+ him no?+  
to reply to4 ,?is is precisely :at ,mr4 
,mangas>ian did 9 8 debate ) me1 b      
al?\gh _m disagree ) me1 ,i take ! view 
t he did s1 n z a trick1 b because ( 8  
ignorance ( ! "q & 8 want ( exp]i5ce 9  
debate4 ,to h done ?is delib]ately z a  
clev] trick1 aft] all[+ an audi5ce (    
#c1jjj to pay ov] #a1ajj = _! seats w\ld
 h be5 crim9al1 & ,i refuse to believe t
 any public man ( ,mr4 ,mangas>ian's    
/atus w\ld /oop to any su* p]=mance z a 
matt] ( delib]ate /rategy4  ,on "o      
occasion1 :5 ! subject ( discussion 0 n 
( any su* s]i\s import z ,socialism1 b m
 a "q ( :o c\ld w9 a debate on a subject
 ( small m]it1 ,i defeat$ my oppon5t by 
a trick t ,i am he>tily a%am$ (1 ev5 "u 
^? mitigat+ circum/ances4 ,i record x   
"h1 n z an example to be foll[$1 b z a  
w>n+ n to let anyone else use x aga9/ y4
  ,unskill$ debat]s usually reply to _! 
oppon5t's po9ts 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7     

pres5t$--s]iatim4 ,?is is easy b n mo/  
effective4  ,?is oppon5t1 :om ,i he>d   
debate ) someone else be=e ,i 0 engag$  
to try conclusions ) him1 0 limit$1 z ,i
 saw1 to ! s]iatim me?od ( reply4 ,:5 we
 met1 ,i completely de/roy$ 8 influ5ce  
on ! audi5ce by ! foll[+ trick3  ,hav+ !
 affirmative1 ,i _h to op5 & close1 :i* 
gave me ?ree spee*es to 8 two4 ,9 my    
fir/ spee* in/ead ( tak+ five to t5 good
 po9ts only1 ,i add$ a good numb] ( o!r 
po9ts1 /at+ !m briefly & j giv+ him "t  
to get !m d[n4 ,^! extra po9ts co/ me   
ab\t "o m9ute ea* to /ate1 & ,i knew !y 
w\ld co/ him at lea/ f\r or five to     
reply4 ,!n j be=e clos+ ,i v s]i\sly    
advanc$ ! heavie/ objection to my       
oppon5t's position4 ,i especially call$ 
! att5tion ( my audi5ce to ?is po9t &   
decl>$ x to be unansw]able & hop$ my    
oppon5t w\ld n =get to make a note ( x4 
,!n ,i paus$ long en\gh = ! audi5ce to  
see t ,i gave him full opportunity to   
get x d[n--z he did4 ,!n ,i ga!r$ my    
?reads toge!r & ent]$ on my p]oration4  

,x work$ out precisely z ,i _h          
anticipat$4 ,my oppon5t began at !      
beg9n+1 z he saw x1 & all 8 "t w5t ov]  
^? decoy po9ts & ! *airman rapp$ him d[n
 long be=e he rea*$ t special po9t4  ,i 
!n repeat$ ! same tactics only ,i load$ 
him m heavily ) decoys ?an be=e4 ,i     
call$ ^u ! audi5ce to witness t 9 spite 
( my begg+ him to d s1 he _h nev] s mu* 
z m5tion$ ! ma9 difficulty 9 8 position4
  ,9 8 second & la/ spee*1 he saw !     
necessity ( gett+ to t po9t b1 alas1    
al?\gh he hu/l$ ?r\gh ! column ( /umbl+ 
blocks s rapidly t ! audi5ce h>dly knew 
:at he 0 talk+ ab\t1 j z he 0 ab\t to   
reply to ?is mu*-p>ad$ difficulty (     
m9e--& x really 0 ! ma9 weakness ( 8    
position--d[n came ! *airman's gavel4   
,!n ,i la%$ him unm]cifully4 ,i call$ ! 
att5tion ( ! audi5ce to ! fact t twice  
,i _h especially begg$ him to answ] ?is 
"q & he _h repeat$ly fail$ to d s4 ,!   
audi5ce1 ( c\rse1 drew ! inf]5ce t he 0 
unable to answ]1 & he 0 consid]$ to be  
hopelessly defeat$4  ,he %\ld1 by all   

means1 h giv5 t po9t 8 fir/ consid]ation
 be=e deal+ ) ! re/ ( my spee*4  ,?is   
g5tleman _h humiliat$ q a numb] ( "y    
aspirants 9 ! local debat+ class1 &     
op5ly boa/$ ( ! clev] tricks by :i* he  
_h done s4 ,= once1 h[ev]1 he 0 hoi/ on 
8 own pet>d4     ,,*apt] ,,xvii         
,,rhetoric   ,x is ! function ( language
 to convey ideas4 ,ideas are ! real     
f\ndation ( good lectur+ & words mu/    
always be subord9ate4  ,! ,engli%       
,p>liam5t>ian1 ,glad/one1 _h !          
reputation ( be+ able to say less 9 m "t
 ?an any man :o ev] liv$4 ,! diff]5ce   
betwe5 a good & a bad use ( words is    
well illu/rat$ 9 ! discussion betwe5    
,glad/one & ,huxley on ,g5esis &        
,sci5ce4 ,( c\rse ev]ybody kn[s n[ t    
,glad/one 0 annihilat$1 9 spite ( !     
clev]ness ) :i*1 :5 beat51 he w\ld1 9   
,huxley's phrase1 retreat "u a cl\d (   
words4  ,gr&iloqu5ce w produce1 9 ! m   
intellig5t ( y\r audi5ce1 an amus$      
smile1 & :ile x is well to h y\r he>]s  
smile ) y1 !y %\ld nev] h reason to     

smile at y4  ,"h aga91 a great deal     
dep5ds on :at y h be5 read+4 ,9 ! use ( 
good1 cle>1 p[]ful ,engli%1 ,pr(4       
,huxley is )\t a pe]1 & 8 collect$      
essays w always rema9 a preci\s h]itage 
9 ,engli% lit]ature4 ,= an example ( !  
exact opposite1 take ! magaz9es &       
pamphlets ( ! s-call$ new ?\ght1 :i* at 
bottom is nei!r new nor ?\ght4 ,9       
reality x is made up ( words1 words1 &  
!n--m words4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,i read a fifte5  
hundr$ ^w article1 9 a new ?\ght        
magaz9e1 by "o ( its =emo/ prophets1 &  
n[h]e f beg9n+ to end1 0 !re a s+le     
tangible idea1 no?+ b a long drawn out  
mass ( mean+less j>gon4         99      
99       99       99       99  ,?us     
spake ,z>a?u/ra is ! same ?+ at its be/4
 ,z an example ( a /yle to be c>efully  
avoid$ ! foll[+ is 9 po9t4 ,x is also a 
r>a avis2 a gem ( pure/ ray4 ,x is tak5 
f ! local ,sociali/ plat=m ( an ,arizona
 t[n3      ,!re=e1 x matt]s n1 ?\gh !   
,creator deck$ ! e>?     ) prolific     

soil1 & deposit$ )9 great /ores ( weal? 
= man's enjoym5t1 =1 if ,economic       
,equality is o/racis$1     man is       
enslav$ & ! _w surges ?r\gh space ar\nd 
!     sun1 a gild$ prison4 ,x matt]s n1 
?\gh ! inf9ite blue     va/ be s[n )    
innum]able />s & ! e>? be adorn$     )  
c\ntless beauties1 teem+ ) !            
multiplicity ( liv+     =ms = man's     
edification1 = if ,lib]ty is exil$1 !   
intellect is robb$ & man kn[s n himself4
 ,x matt]s n1     ?\gh nature op5s h]   
g5]\s purse & p\rs =? melodies     ( h] 
myriad-tongu$ voices = man's            
delectation1 =1 if !     %ackles ( wage 
slav]y are n loos$1 ! m9d is /ultifi$   
& ambition de/roy$ by ! long h\rs (     
toil's monotony 9     ! factory1 ! ma*9e
 %op1 9 ! m9es1 at ! desk1 & on     !   
f>m4 ,x matt]s n1 ?\gh ! fireside ( !   
home %$s     =? a radiance 9 :i* is     
bl5d$ pat]nal love1 heal? &             
happ9ess1 =1 if woman is d5i$ equal     
suffrage1 !n ?is     que5 ( ! h\sehold1 
p]=ce1 becomes a moral slave4      ,man1

 !re=e1 is n ! sov]eign citiz5 z pictur$
 by !     fla%+ phrases ( ! orator &    
soo?say]4  ,lib]ty exil$1 we h he>d (   
be=e1 b economic equality o/racis$1 is  
new4 ,! idea t ! multiplicity ( liv+ =ms
 exi/ = man's edification1 is anci5t to 
! po9t ( be+ moldy1 b we mu/ conc$e     
orig9ality to myriad tongu$ voices issu+
 f a purse4 ,! conclud+ rem>ks ab\t !   
fla%+ phrases ( ! orator are peculi>ly  
well tak5--unless t g5tleman %\ld be    
mean en\gh to say1 y're ano!r4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,( c\rse !re is no objection to real    
eloqu5ce & "o's s5t5ces %\ld always be  
smoo? & rhy?mical4 ,"o great s\rce (    
smoo?ness & rhy?m is allit]ation4       
,t5nyson says3    ,! di/ant de>ness ( ! 
hill   ,! sacr$ sweetness ( ! /ream4    
,"h ! smoo? movem5t comes f !           
allit]ation on d 9 ! fir/ l9e & ! tripl+
 ( ! initial s 9 ! second4      ,) 8    
back to ! field1 & 8 feet to ! foe4     
gets its music f ! allit]ation on f4 ,9 
revis+ ! ,,ms4 ( my lecture on          

,weismann's ,!ory ( ,h]$ity =           
publication1 ,i f\nd ! foll[+ s5t5ce1   
ref]r+ to ,johannes ,muell]4      ,he   
fail$ to fill ! gap 8 de/ructive        
criticism _h     creat$4  ,?is s5t5ce   
gives to ! e> a s5se ( rhy?m t is       
some:]e int]rupt$ & di/urb$4 ,exam9ation
 %[s t ! rhy?m comes f ! allit]ations   
fail$ to fill & criticism _h creat$1 & !
 di/urbance arises f ! int]jection      
betwe5 !m ( ! ^w de/ructive4 ,de/ructive
 is a good ^w "h1 b n ess5tial to ! s5se
 & n wor? ! int]ruption x makes 9 !     
smoo?ness ( ! s5t5ce4 ,s x _h to g4     
,avoid long words :]ev] possible1 & nev]
 use a ^w y d n und]/&4 ,z an example ( 
! va/ picture :i* half a doz5 %ort words
 ( ,saxon ,engli% w conjure up1 take ^! 
l9es f ,! ,anci5t ,m>9]3    ,alone1     
alone1 all1 all alone1   ,alone on a    
wide1 wide sea4  ,! p[] ( expression 9 a
 s+le ^w1 appe>s 9 ,keats' description (
 ,ru?1 9 8 ,ode to ! ,night+ale4    ,!  
voice ,i he> ?is pass+ night 0 he>d   ,9
 anci5t days by emp]or & cl[n2   ,p]haps

 ! selfsame song t f\nd a pa?   ,?r\gh !
 sad he>t ( ,ru?1 :5 sick = home1   ,%e 
/ood 9 te>s amid ! ali5 corn4  ,:at a   
ma/]-/roke is ! use ( ali51 ?is "t a    
,lat9 d]ivative1 9 ! la/ l9e quot$4 ,:at
 a picture ( t old "t drama1 ) its !me (
 love & sorr[ co-eval ) ! human race4   
,fir/ get y\r idea1 !n express x 9 words
 t give x =? cle>ly4 ,no v]biage1 no fog
 or cl\ds1 no j>gon1 b simplicity1      
lucidity1 vividness1 & p[]4     ,,*apt] 
,,xviii  ,,! ,,audi5ce   ,a lectur] %\ld
 realize 8 grave responsibility to 8    
audi5ce4 ,no?+ b absolute physical      
impossibility is a suffici5t excuse =   
disappo9t+ an assembly4 ,h x ?or\ghly   
und]/ood t :5 y\r "n appe>s on a        
program1 y w be at y\r po/4  ,nev] all[1
 if y c possibly prev5t1 anybody to     
ann\nce y to speak )\t consult+ y &     
gett+ y\r cons5t4 ,9 "s cities ! me?od (
 ann\nc+ a speak]1 :5 x is n kn[n :e!r  
or n he c be pres5t &1 9 "s cases1 ev5  
:5 x is kn[n he _c1 has prevail$ 9 !    
,sociali/ p>ty4 ,! temptation to d ?is  

consi/s 9 ! possibility ( us+ a prom95t 
"n to attract a l>ge audi5ce & !n1 ) "s 
lame excuse1 put =w>d somebody else4    
,?is succe$s = a "t2 !n comes disa/]4 ,9
 su* a city a good meet+ becomes almo/  
impossible4 ,) ! public x is1 once bit1 
twice %y4 ,= myself1 if :5 ,i am ann\nc$
 to speak & ,i am n !re & !re is no     
message 9 ! h&s ( ! *airman report+ my  
dea? or "s o!r almo/ equally good       
reason1 x is almo/ safe to say my "n has
 be5 us$ )\t my cons5t4  ,any lectur] :o
 treats 8 audi5ce lightly has no reason 
to expect x w take him s]i\sly4 ,!re is 
no lectur+ future ahead ( ! man :o says 
to "s disappo9t$ auditor he meets       
aft]w>d on ! /reet3 ,well1 ! wea!r 0 s  
bad ,i didn't ?9k anybody w\ld turn out4
 ,suppose only t5 p turn$ out1 is n _!  
comb9$ inconv5i5ce t5 times z great z t 
( ! speak]8 ,at lea/ y c\ld g & ?ank ^? 
:o did come1 z !y surely des]v$1 & feel 
t y did y\r duty 9 ! matt]4  ,i well    
rememb] "o night 9 ,san ,francisco1 ab\t
 ! tw5ty-fir/ lecture ( a c\rse 9 !     

,academy ( ,sci5ces1 :5 x ra9$ z only   
,cali=nians ev] see x ra92 x seem$ to   
fall 9 a solid mass4 ,f #f to #g3cj x   
cont9u$ ) no sign ( let-up1 & ! /reets  
began to look l riv]s4  ,no meet+       
tonight1 t's sure1 ,i conclud$ z ,i     
ruefully pocket$ ! notes ( my lecture4  
,b my rule compell$ me to turn out &    
see4 ,to my v great a/oni%m5t ! ,academy
 0 full & ! admission receipts 7 equal  
to ! av]age4 ,nev] aga91 if ,i c help x1
 w wea!r alone keep me f appe>+ at a    
meet+4  ,ano!r matt] 9 :i* speak]s %\ld 
consid] ! feel+s ( _! he>]s is--don't   
make excuses4 ,! audi5ce wants to "k :at
 y h to say ab\t ! subject1 & n1 :y y   
are n bett] prep>$4 ,! audi5ce w "k :e!r
 y h a cold )\t y tak+ up "t tell+ ab\t 
x4  ,if y all[ y\rself to drift into !  
habit ( mak+ excuses1 y w nev] be able  
to speak )\t do+ s1 & ev5 y\r be/ prep>$
 ef=t w be unable to get by )\t a /upid 
preamble ( mean+less apologies4  ,x is  
safe to conclude t ! good impression a  
lecture %\ld make is n increas$ by !    

lectur] condemn+ x 9 advance2 ?is is    
usually done to dis>m criticism1 secure 
indulg5ce1 & give ! audi5ce a great     
notion ( :at y c\ld d if y _h a fair    
*ance4 ,b ! audi5ce wants to see :at y c
 d n[1 & n :at y might possibly h done1 
"u o!r circum/ances4 ,if y\r lecture _c 
be> op5 criticism & really ne$s to be   
apologiz$ =1 !n x ought n to be deliv]$1
 & y %\ld be sitt+ 9 ! audi5ce li/5+ to 
somebody else4  ,boa/+ is1 ( c\rse1 v   
irritat+ to an audi5ce & %\ld be avoid$1
 b want ( c\rage & self-confid5ce is    
almo/ z deplorable4 ,( c\rse !re is no  
m]it 9 self-confid5ce t is n well f\nd$ 
9 /]l+ ability4  ,somebody said1 ,! man 
:o kn[s n1 & kn[s n t he kn[s n1 is     
ignorant1 avoid him2 ! man :o kn[s n1 & 
kn[s t he kn[s n1 is simple1 tea* him2 !
 man :o kn[s1 & kn[s n t he kn[s1 is    
timid1 enc\rage him2 ! man :o kn[s1 &   
kn[s t he kn[s1 is wise1 foll[ him4     
,,*apt] ,,xix  ,,/reet ,,speak+   ,,!   
,,place  ,9 travel+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry on a 
/reet-speak+ t\r ab\t ! fir/ ?+ a speak]

 obs]ves is ! poor judgem5t %[n by !    
local comrades 9 ! selection ( /reet    
corn]s = _! meet+s4 ,! *os5 corn] is    
usually :]e ! d[n-&-outs & drunks       
congregate & is hemm$ ab\t by *eap noisy
 saloons4 ,if a speak] is to be 9 a t[n 
"o or two nights he c h>dly %[ ! local  
comrades _! error4 ,if ,i am to be 9 a  
t[n any long] ,i look ?r\gh ! t[n dur+ !
 day & e>ly ev5+ & pick out a d[n-t[n   
corn] :]e !re is a /eady fl[ ( av]age   
citiz5s & nobody w /op unless !y /op to 
li/54 ,!n ! night aft] mak+ ! ann\ncem5t
 at ! old /& ,i beg9 a revolution 9 !   
me?od ( runn+ /reet meet+s4 ,i h no h>d 
feel+s aga9/ drunks b !y are useless &  
worse 9 a /reet meet+4 ,!re are two     
reasons = ! pres5t bad selection (      
corn]s 9 s _m cities4 ,fir/1 x is easi] 
= a poor speak] to get an audi5ce :]e   
!re are hang]s-out wait+ to be ent]ta9$4
 ,second1 ! city au?orities l to h      
,sociali/ speak+ done :]e x w n rea* !  
live memb]s ( ! community4 ,a *ange (   
corn]s sometimes means a h>d fight ) !  

police b if ! prop] me?ods are us$      
victory is sure & ! result is always    
wor? ! labor sp5t4   ,,! ,,/yle  ,/reet 
speak+ is widely diff]5t f hall lectur+ 
& ?is ! reason s _m speak]s succe$ at "o
 & fail at ! o!r4 ,! hall lectur] op5s  
easily & paves ! way = ! treatm5t ( 8   
!me1 b ! /reet speak] w\ld get no cr[d  
or a small "o by su* a me?od4  ,he mu/  
plunge at once into ! he>t ( 8 talk &   
put z mu* en]gy into address+ ! fir/    
doz5 z :5 8 cr[d gr[s l>g]4 ,z soon z he
 adapts 8 voice & mann] to ! size ( 8   
cr[d ! cr[d w /op gr[+4 ,! only way to  
add ano!r hundr$ is to talk z if !y 7   
already !re4  ,a hall lecture %\ld h "o 
subject & /ick to x because ! audi5ce is
 ! same 9 its composition ?r\gh\t4 ,at a
 /reet meet+ ab\t half ! audi5ce is     
con/antly *ang+1 & hopp+ f "o "q to     
ano!r has _m advantages4 ,a /reet speak]
 mu/ be int]e/+ or he w lose 8 cr[d1 & !
 bett] 8 cr[d ! soon] he w lose x4 ,if  
he is talk+ to bums !y w /ay :e!r he    
talks or n1 b if he has an audi5ce ( p  

:o h o!r ?+s await+ _! att5tion !y w    
pass on ! mom5t ! speak] loses 8 grip4  
,?is is :y tell+ /ories at /reet meet+s 
is n s good a ?+ z "s unobs]v+ speak]s  
suppose4 ,no matt] h[ good a /ory is1 x 
has a t5d5cy to break up a cr[d4 ,i     
notic$ x (t5 be=e ,i caught ! reason4 ,a
 /ory always c>ries its own conclusion &
 x !reby makes a sort ( a break+ (f     
place 9 a spee* l ! end ( a *apt] 9 a   
book4 ,at ! end ( a good /ory ! audi5ce 
w laugh & take a mom5ts re/4 ,= ab\t a  
m9ute y\r spell is brok5 & m5 :om y     
might ( held ! re/ ( ! ev5+ rememb] dur+
 t m9ute t !y h /ay$ too long already4  
,( c\rse ?is does n apply to a /ory (   
two or ?ree s5t5ces ?ru/ into ! middle (
 an argum5t )\t break+ or clos+ x4      
,long] /ories may be us$ to advantage b 
!y are n v useful to a speak] :o has mu*
 to say & kn[s h[ to say x4 ,( c\rse wit
 is a valuable factor b wit %[s itself 9
 a lightn+ d>t1 n 9 a long /ory4  ,!    
/reet speak] %\ld use %ort s5t5ces (    
simple words4 ,he %\ld avoid oratory &  

talk z if he 7 tell+ some?+ to ano!r man
 & 9 dead e>ne/ ab\t x4 ,i h wat*$ a man
 talk to ano!r man on ! /reet =gett+ !  
outside _w completely & us+ =ceful      
language & eloqu5t ge/ures4 ,if su* a   
man c\ld only talk l t to an audi5ce he 
w\ld be surpris$ at 8 own success4 ,put 
him be=e an audi5ce & 8 natural mann]   
disappe>s1 he %uffles 8 feet1 does n "k 
:at to d ) 8 h&s1 & br+s =? a voice     
nobody ev] he>d him use be=e4           
,,di/urb]s  ,z to p :o di/urb y\r meet+1
 if y are speak+ 9 hobo-dom y may well  
despair4 ,!re are s _m drunks1 t        
int]ruptions are con/ant &              
irrepressible1 & e int]ruption breaks   
y\r grip on ! audi5ce4 ,moral3 ,don't   
speak !re4  ,on a corn] :]e y get an    
audi5ce ( typical work+ m5 di/urbances  
are r>e & 9 a majority ( cases if !y are
 n easily suppress$ x is lack ( tact on 
! "p ( ! speak]4 ,a speak] %\ld nev] try
 to be sm>t at ! exp5se ( a man 9 !     
audi5ce1 ev5 :5 he speaks out ( 8 turn4 
,a c\rte\s explanation ( :y y wi% him to

 keep 8 que/ions until aft] y\r spee* is
 mu* bett]4 ,if he p]si/s aft] t1 he is 
ei!r an ignoramus or drunk4 ,if drunk   
ask two or ?ree ( y\r support]s 9 !     
audi5ce to lead him (f d[n ! /reet4 ,if 
he is a natural fool ! problem is n s   
easy4 ,b if y keep unbrok5 c\rtesy & he 
keeps up 8 unprovok$ int]ruptions "s    
indignant p]son /&+ ne> w abate !       
nuisance ) a pun* 9 ! eye--:i* is ! mo/ 
effectual me?od 9 su* cases4   ,,police 
,,int]f]5ce  ,!re is no easi] task 9 !  
_w ?an to defeat ! police au?orities 9 a
 free spee* fight4 ,9 ! few cases :]e we
 lose x is our own fault4 ,! police are 
usually act+ "u ord]s :5 mak+ arre/s &  
no?+ is ga9$ by mak+ bitt] enemies ( !m 
unless !y treat y brutally4  ,a cool    
head1 a disposition to reason ! matt]   
out ) ! di/rict attorney1 ! *ief (      
police1 ! mayor1 or 9 ! c\rts1 )\t ev]  
(f]+ to compromise y\r speak+ rights1 w 
always triumph4 ,! realization by !     
au?orities t !y are 9 a dirty &         
tyrannical bus9ess is "o ( y\r /ronge/  

weapons4 ,c\rtesy & p]suasive b firm &  
unfl9*+ reason+ makes !m m consci\s ( _!
 humiliat+ "p 9 ! matt]4 ,if y d or say 
fooli% or (f5sive ?+s !y w =get _!      
consci5ce 9 _! ang]1 & give y a fight = 
:i* y alone are to blame4  ,!re are a   
few exceptions to ?is rule2 cases :]e ! 
au?orities are b5t on victory2 ev5 !n   
!re is no excuse = los+ y\r head4 ,b y  
mu/ give !m all ! fight !y want & nev]  
"u any circum/ances %[ ! :ite fea!r or  
accept any?+ less ?an all y ne$ to make 
y\r meet+ successful4 ,9 h&l+ ! police &
 _! relations to /reet meet+s ! ,new    
,york comrades h set o!r cities an      
example to g by4 ,! comrades select any 
corn]s !y please & dur+ ! day notify !  
police by telephone t ,sociali/ meet+s w
 be held t ev5+ on su* & su* corn]s & a 
policeman is in/ruct$ to protect ea*    
meet+4 ,! ,new ,york comrades h _h _m   
h>d battles ) ! police to keep ?is      
sy/em1 & !y h reason to be pr\d ( !     
result4  ,! p]mit sy/em is all "r if x  
does n keep y f ! corn]s y wi% to use4  

,if x does1 ! be/ ?+ is to fight x out =
 a new arrangem5t or ! "r to hold y\r   
meet+s )\t arrangem5ts4 ,if y conduct   
y\r case prop]ly ! public w be          
ov]:elm+ly on y\r side4 ,x is good at   
su* times to view ) al>m ! introduction 
( ,russian me?ods into free ,am]ica4 ,if
 !re is real intellig5ce on ! o!r side  
y\r oppon5ts w soon conclude t y are    
gett+ m publicity = y\r ideas out ( !   
police fight ?an y c\ld ev] get at      
peaceful /reet meet+s4 ,aft] ?is light  
has dawn$ y w proce$ undi/urb$4         
,,book-,,sell+ ,,& ,,pr(essionalism  ,a 
man :o does a day's "w 9 a %op & speaks 
on a /reet corn] 9 ! ev5+ has ab\t z mu*
 *ance ( becom+ an effective speak] z he
 w\ld h ( becom+ an effective musician1 
physician or lawy] by ! same me?od4 ,x  
is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to tra9 be=e go+    
:olly into ! "w j z a man /udies law    
ev5+s1 be=e />t+ out z a lawy]4  ,9 ,new
 ,york1 ,sociali/ /reet meet+s are a =ce
 & c\nt = a great deal1 because !       
committee keeps a /aff ( capable speak]s

 on sal>y to d no?+ else4 ,9 ,*icago    
/reet1 speak+ is a failure & _m h       
conclud$ we %\ld be bett] )\t x4 ,?is is
 because ,*icago lacks ! ent]prise to   
foll[ ! example ( ,new ,york & dep5ds on
 volunt>y1 haphaz>d1 untra9$1 ineffici5t
 speak+4  ,new ,york1 ,i believe1 sp5ds 
a good deal ( money on its /reet meet+s1
 & = "s reason ,*icago does n seem to be
 able to d t4 ,b ?is b>ri] is n         
insurm\ntable4 ,/reet meet+s ) effici5t 
speak]s may be made self-support+1 b    
pr(essional speak]s are ! only ones :o h
 any *ance to become effici5t to ! po9t 
( mak+ _! meet+s pay a sal>y & o!r      
exp5ses4  ,i h>dly ?9k x c be done by   
collections b ,i "k by exp]i5ce t x c be
 done by book-sell+4  ,i work$ sev]al   
weeks 9 ,new ,york "o summ] at ! highe/ 
rate !y pay & in/ead ( s5d+ a bill =    
wages ,i s5t a pap] doll> :i* repres5t$ 
! surplus f book sales aft] ,i _h paid  
myself all t 0 due to me1 & no          
collections 7 tak54 ,my be/ book-sale at
 "o meet+ 0 #cd b x w\ld j z easily h   

gone ov] #dj if ! supply _h held out4   
#bj to #cj wor? ( lit]ature c be sold   
easily en\gh on any "o ( half a doz5    
corn]s 9 ,new ,york4  ,*icago is n z    
good z ,new ,york b x is at lea/ half z 
good & a good speak] c\ld "w = #be a    
week & make ?ree or f\r meet+s foot !   
bill4 ,i did ?is v easily 9 ,*icago la/ 
summ]4 ,! beg9n] %\ld sell #aj;c        
booklets or pamphlets1 & else:]e 9 ?is  
volume he w f9d two spee*es t w %[ him  
h[ to d x4 ,at a /reet meet+ he ne$ n   
make ^! spee*es 9 detail1 b j give ! pi?
 ( !m4  ,aft] a :ile #be;c books may be 
sold1 & ) practice & h>d /udy #ej;c     
books w sell readily4 ,?is "q is m fully
 dealt ) 9 ! next *apt]4  ,ab\t two     
diff]5t books may be sold effectively at
 ! meet+2 "o e>ly 9 ! meet+ & ! o!r ab\t
 ! close4 ,! clos+ book talk h[ev]1 %\ld
 be begun :ile ! meet+ is at its full   
/r5g?4  ,"o /reet meet+ t puts t5 to    
tw5ty doll>s wor? ( good books into     
circulation is wor? a doz5 :]e ! only   
result is ! remembrance ( :at ! speak]  

said4     ,,*apt] ,,xx  ,,book-,,sell+  
,,at ,,meet+s   ,! tones ( ! speak]'s   
voice fade away & are =ev] lo/4 ,too (t5
 ! ideas :i* ! voice proclaim$ drift    
into ! backgr\nd & pres5tly disappe>4   
,?is is ! cr[n+ limitation ( public     
speak+4 ,! lectur] %\ld be1 fir/ ( all1 
an educator1 & 8 "w %\ld n be writ 9    
wat]4 ,! lazy lectur] :o imag9es t 8    
duties to 8 audi5ce end ) 8 p]oration is
 unfai?ful to 8 great call+4 ,lazy      
lectur]s are n v num]\s z !y are c]ta9 (
 a c>e] curtail$ f lack ( an audi5ce4   
,!re are "s lectur]s1 h[ev]1 :o see no?+
 ( importance 9 _! "w except ! deliv]+ (
 _! lectures4 ,& ! educational value (  
su* work]s is only a fraction ( :at x   
might be4 ,life is n s long = ! /ronge/ 
( u1 nor are ! results t c be a*iev$ by 
! mo/ gift$ su* t we c af=d to wa/e !   
be/ ( our opportunities4 ,?is article is
 n int5d$ z a s]mon1 b if z lectur]s we 
are to be educators we mu/ n neglect to 
use ! greate/ weapons aga9/ ignorance 9 
! educational armory--books4  ,! books  

"h ref]r$ to are n ! volumes 9 !        
lectur]'s own libr>y4 ,!y1 ( c\rse1 are 
indisp5sable4 ,!re h be5 m5 :o felt     
de/9$ to be lectur]s )\t ! use ( m]e    
book le>n+1 b !y nev] liv$ long en\gh to
 f9d out :y ! public did n take !m at _!
 own e/imate4  ,! man :o und]takes to   
deal ) a subject )\t fir/ read+1 & z f> 
z possible1 ma/]+1 ! be/ books on t     
subject1 w\ld no m be a lectur] ?an a   
man :o tri$ to cut a field ( :eat ) a   
pocket-knife w\ld be a f>m]4  ,any good 
lecture ( an h\r & a qu>t] has meant t5 
to fifty h\rs' h>d read+4 ,!re is mu* 9 
! read+ t _c possibly appe> 9 ! lecture4
 ,ano!r lecture on a relat$ !me or "o   
widely diff]5t1 has probably sugge/$    
itself4 ,i rememb] :ile rummag+ 9 hi/ory
 to f9d pro(s & illu/rations ( ,!       
,mat]iali/ic ,conception ( ,hi/ory1 :i* 
conception ,i 0 to def5d pres5tly 9 a   
public debate1 ga!r+ ! s*eme ( a c\rse (
 f\r lectures on ! significance ( !     
great voyages ( ! middle ages--a c\rse  
:i* prov$ v successful :5 deliv]$ ab\t a

 mon? lat]4  ,aga91 ! read+ furni%es a  
great deal ( mat]ial on ! "q ( ! lecture
 itself :i* _c be put into x = %e] lack 
( "t4 ,?is is :y a lecture always       
educates ! lectur] mu* m ?an x does !   
he>]4 ,! he>] !re=e labors "u two great 
disadvantages4 ,fir/1 he =gets mu* t he 
he>s1 &1 second1 !re is s mu* t he does 
n he> at all4  ,! fir/ h&icap c be      
remov$ by ! pr9t+ ( ! lectures4 ,!      
second is n s easily dispos$ (4  ,a     
lectur] may /ate 9 ?ree m9utes an idea  
:i* has co/ _m days' read+4 ,! idea has 
great importance to ! speak] &1 if he is
 a ma/] ( 8 art1 he w impress its       
importance on 8 he>]s4 ,t is :at 8 art  
is =4 ,b t idea w nev] illume ! he>]'s  
bra9 z ! lectur]'s until ! he>] kn[s z  
does ! lectur] :at !re is back ( x4     
,!re is only "o way 9 :i* ?is c be      
done--! he>] mu/ h access to ! same     
s\rces ( k z ! lectur]4 ,?is does n     
necess>ily mean t e he>] %\ld h a       
lectur]'s libr>y4 ,x does mean1 h[ev]1 t
 !re are "s books :i* %\ld be read by   

bo?4  ,! lectur] himself is ! be/ judge 
z to :i* books belong to ?is category4  
,9 numb] !y range any:]e f a doz5 up1   
accord+ to ! ambitions ( ! read]4  ,my  
me?od ( deal+ ) ?is problem has be5 to  
take "o book at a "t1 tell ! audi5ce    
ab\t x & see t ! u%]s 7 ready to supply 
all dem&s4 ,9 ?is way ,i h sold m ?an   
two :ole editions ( ,boels*e's book ,!  
,evolution ( ,man4 ,9 "o week speak+ 9  
half a doz5 diff]5t cities ,i sold an   
entire edition ( my fir/ book           
,evolution1 ,social & ,organic4 ,"o     
,sunday morn+ ?is spr+ at ! ,g>rick     
meet+ at ! close ( a five-m9ute talk    
ab\t ,paul ,laf>gue's ,social &         
,philosophic ,/udies ! audi5ce1 9 ?ree  
m9utes1 b\ght #bej copies1 & m ?an a    
hundr$ w\ld-be pur*as]s _h to wait until
 ! foll[+ ,sunday = a new supply4 ,a few
 ,sundays lat] ,blat*=d's ,god & ,my    
,neighbor1 a doll> volume1 _h a sale (  
#bjd copies--! total book sale = t morn+
 rea*+ :at ,i believe is ! record = a   
,sociali/ meet+--#bbj4jj4 ,! la/ lecture

 ( ?is season 7,april1 #aiaj17 _h a book
 sale ( #aij4jj1 :i* includ$ #chj pap]  
back copies ( ,s9clair's ,pr9ce ,hag54  
,^! figures are giv5 to %[ t ?is "w c be
 done1 & if x is n done ! lectur] alone 
is to blame4 ,anyone :o c lecture at all
 c d ?is ) "s measure ( success4 ,!re c 
be no sane d\bt ( its value4 ,ab\t #ejj 
"y m5 9 ! ,g>rick audi5ce h built up    
small b f9e libr>ies ( _! own ?r\gh ?is 
advice giv5 9 ?is way1 & !re is no "p ( 
my "w :i* gives me s great satisfaction4
  ,i nev] all[ my audi5ce to imag9e = a 
mom5t t my book talk is a m]e matt] (   
sell+ some?+4 ,!re w always be "o or two
 9 ! audi5ce :o w take t view--natural  
selection always ov]looks a few         
*uckle-heads4  ,n[ let u tabulate "s ( !
 results t may be obta9$ 9 ?is way3     
7#a7 ,by gett+ ^! books into ! h&s ( our
 he>]s we give our tea*+s f ! plat=m a  
great] p]man5ce 9 _! m9ds4 ,we n only   
help !m to k1 b put !m 9 ! way ( help+  
!mselves directly4 ,?is alone is1       
ju/ification en\gh1 b x is n all4  7#b7 

,we enc\rage ! publication ( j ^? books 
:i* 9 our e/imation conta9 ! pr9ciples  
:i* we reg>d z de/9$ to promote !       
happ9ess ( mank9d4  7#c7 ,! diff]5ce    
betwe5 ! :olesale & retail prices is (t5
 en\gh to make successful a lecture     
c\rse :i* w\ld h o!rwise di$ prematurely
 ( bankruptcy4 ,:]e a meet+ _c live on !
 collection1 ! book sales may mean      
f9ancial salvation4 ,! morn+ we sold    
#bbj ( books at ! ,g>rick we also took a
 collection ( #hj4 ,)\t ! book sales #hj
 w\ld h be5 ! total receipts1 & ?is     
collection 0 normal4 ,yet ! ,g>rick     
meet+s co/ #adj ea*4 ,aft] we _h paid ! 
publi%]'s bill we _h a balance f book   
sales ( #abj1 :i* made ! total receipts 
n #hj b #bjj4 ,& ?is is among ! lea/    
important results ( book sell+4         
,ev]y?+1 ( c\rse1 dep5ds on ! book talk4
 ,i w n[ give sample book talks :i* any 
speak] may commit to memory & use1      
probably ) results t w be a surprise &  
an enc\ragem5t4     ,,*apt] ,,xxi       
,,example ,,book ,,talks   ,we are by   

?is "t agre$ t ! sale ( ! prop] books at
 lecture meet+s is greatly to be desir$4
 ,9 ?is article we %all consid] ! *ief  
in/rum5t by :i* ?is is atta9$--! book   
talk4  ,we might treat ?is !me by lay+  
d[n g5]al rules z to ! elem5ts :i* ent] 
into ! make-up ( a successful book talk1
 b :ile ?is is necess>y x is n en\gh--s 
_m speak]s seem to f9d x v difficult to 
apply rules4 ,?is "p ( ! "q w be treat$ 
9 a few s5t5ces4  ,a book talk1 to be   
successful1 mu/ answ] ! foll[+ que/ions3
  7#a7 ,:o wrote ! book8 ,x is n1 (     
c\rse1 simply a "q z to ! au?or's "n1 b 
8 position & 8 compet5ce to write on !  
subject1 etc4  7#b7 ,:at object _h !    
au?or 9 view8  7#c7 ,:at is ! ma9 !sis (
 ! book8  7#d7 ,:y is x necess>y t !    
he>] %\ld read ! book8  ,above all1 a   
book talk %\ld be int]e/+4 ,h[ (t5 h we 
se5 a speak] beg9 a book talk at a meet+
 by de/roy+ all int]e/ & mak+ sales     
almo/ impossible6 ,! speak] holds up a  
book 9 view ( ! audi5ce & says3 ,"h is a
 book ,i want y to buy & read4 ,t       

settles x4 ,! public has be5 taught to  
reg>d all ef=ts to sell ?+s z attacks ^u
 _! pocketbooks1 & ! speak] :o beg9s by 
ann\nc+ 8 int5tion to sell1 at once     
makes himself an object ( suspicion4 ,9 
! comm]cial _w x is held & admitt$ t a  
sell] is seek+ 8 own b5efit & !         
advantages to ! buy] are only incid5tal4
 ,9 our case ?is is l>gely rev]s$1 b t  
does n ju/ify ! speak] 9 r\s+ all !     
prejudices ly+ dormant 9 ! he>]'s m9d4  
,a good book talk ?or\ghly captures !   
int]e/ ( ! audi5ce be=e !y "k ! book is 
on h& & is go+ to be (f]$ = sale4 ,ab\t 
! middle ( ! talk ! li/5] %\ld be wond]+
 if y are go+ to tell :]e ! book c be   
obta9$ & gett+ ready to take d[n !      
publi%]'s address :5 y give x4  ,8      
int]e/ increases1 & t[>d ! close he     
le>ns to 8 great delight t y h          
anticipat$ 8 desires & he c take !      
volume ) him :5 he leaves ! meet+4  ,?is
 is a good me?od1 b :]e "o is to make _m
 book talks to mu* ! same audi5ce !re   
are a great _m ways 9 :i* x c be v>i$4  

,i w n[ submit a book talk :i* has      
enabl$ me to sell ?\s&s ( copies ( !    
book x deals )4 ,?is is a t5-c5t book1 &
 ?is price is high en\gh = ! speak]'s   
exp]im5ts4 ,! speak] w lat] f9d x       
surpris+ly easy1 :5 he has ma/]$ ! art  
to sell fifty-c5t & doll> books4  ,!    
speak] may use ! sub/ance ( ?is talk 9 8
 own language1 or1 commit x to memory & 
reproduce x v]batim4 ,any "o :o f9ds !  
memoriz+ beyond 8 p[]s %\ld ab&on public
 speak+ & devote 8 en]gies to some?+    
easy4   ,,book ,,talk ,,no4 #a4         
,,engels' ,,socialism1 ,,utopian ,,&    
,,sci5tific4      ,= "s "t previ\s to ! 
ye> #ahge ! ,g]man ,sociali/     p>ty _h
 be5 divid$ into two camps--! ,eis5a*]s 
& !     ,lassallians4 ,ab\t t "t !y     
clos$ _! ranks &     pres5t$ to ! common
 enemy a unit$ front4 ,s great 0 _!     
increase ( /r5g? f t union t !y 7       
det]m9$     nev] to divide aga94 ,!y    
w\ld pres]ve _! newly won unity     at  
all co/s4      ,no soon] 0 ?is decision 
made ?an x seem$ z if x 0     de/9$ to  

be ov]?r[n4 ,pr(essor ,eug5e ,dhr+1     
,privat     ,doc5t ( ,b]l9 ,univ]sity1  
l\dly proclaim$ himself a conv]t     to 
,socialism4 ,:5 ?is great figure f !    
b\rgeois     intellectual _w /epp$      
boldly & some:at noisily into !         
ar5a1 !re 0 n want+ a consid]able gr\p (
 "y &     un9itiat$ memb]s 9 ! p>ty :o  
flock$ to 8 /&>d &     f\nd 9 him a new 
oracle4      ,?is w\ld h be5 well en\gh 
if ,dhr+ _h be5 cont5t to     take      
,socialism z he f\nd x or if he _h be5  
well en\gh     in=m$ to make an         
intellig5t criticism ( x & reveal any   
mi/akes 9 its positions4 ,b he 0 nei!r !
 "o or !     o!r4 ,he und]took1 )\t !   
slighte/ qualification = !     task1 to 
ov]?r[ ,m>x & e/abli% a new ,socialism  
:i*     %\ld be free f ! lam5table      
blund]s ( ! ,m>xian     s*ool4      ,m>x
 0 a m]e bungl] & ! :ole matt] mu/ be   
set "r     )\t delay4 ,?is 0 r a l>ge   
task1 b ! ,pr(essor     w5t at x 9 a    
l>ge way4 ,he did x 9 ! approv$ ,g]man  
mann]4 ,g]many w\ld be =ev] disgrac$ if 

any philosoph]     took up a new        
position ab\t any?+ )\t go+ back to !   
fir/ beg9n+s ( ! ord]ly univ]se 9       
nebul\s matt]1 &     %[+ t f t "t on to 
! discov]y ( ! late/     design 9 t9    
kettles ev]y?+ t happ5$ simply w5t to   
prove 8 new !ory4      ,dhr+ pres5t$ a  
long suff]+ _w ) ?ree volumes     t 7 at
 lea/ l>ge en\gh to fill ! suppos$ a*+  
void4 ,^! 73 ,a ,c\rse ( ,philosophy1 ,a
 ,c\rse (     ,political & ,social      
,sci5ce & ,a ,critical ,hi/ory (        
,political ,economy & ,socialism4       
,^! l>ge volumes gave ,dhr+ q a /&+     
among     ill-in=m$ ,sociali/s1 :o took 
long words = le>n+1 &     obscurity =   
pr(undity4 ,8 foll[]s became s num]\s t 
a new division ( ! ranks ?reat5$ & x    
became cle> t     ,dhr+'s l>ge lit]>y   
output mu/ be answ]$4      ,!re 0 a man 
9 ! ,sociali/ movem5t at t "t :o 0      
pre-em95tly fitt$ = t task1 :o = ov]    
?irty ye>s     _h prov5 himself a ma/] (
 discussion & an accompli%$             
s*ol>--,fr$]ick ,engels4      ,engels'  

fri5ds urg$ him to rid ! movem5t ( ?is  
new     intellectual incubus4 ,engels   
plead$ he 0 already ov] busy     ) ^?   
tasks1 :i* %[ him to h be5 s pati5t &   
prolific a work]4 ,f9ally1 realiz+ !    
importance ( !     case1 he yield$4     
,dhr+ _h w&]$ all ov] ! univ]se to      
e/abli% 8     philosophy1 & 9 8 reply   
,engels w\ld h to foll[ him4 ,s     f> f
 ?is det]r+ ,engels1 x 0 j ?is :i* made 
8     task attractive4 ,he says 9 8     
preface ( #ahib3      ,i _h to treat (  
all & e possible subject1 f !           
concepts ( "t & space to ,bimetalism2 f 
! et]nity (     matt] & motion to !     
p]i%able nature ( moral ideas2 f        
,d>w9's natural selection to ! education
 ( y\? 9 a future     society4 ,anyh[1 !
 sy/ematic compreh5siv5ess ( my oppon5t 
gave me ! opportunity ( develop+1 9     
opposition to him1 &     9 a m connect$ 
=m ?an _h previ\sly be5 done1 !         
views held by ,m>x & myself ( ?is great 
v>iety ( subjects4     ,& t 0 ! pr9cipal
 reason :i* made me und]take ?is        

o!rwise ungrateful task4      ,deal+ ) !
 same po9t1 9 8 biographical essay on   
,engels1 ,kautsky says3      ,dhr+ 0 a  
_m-sid$ man4 ,he wrote on ,ma!matics &  
,me*anics1 z well z on ,philosophy &    
,political ,economy1     ,jurisprud5ce1 
,anci5t ,hi/ory1 etc4 ,into all ^!      
sph]es he     0 foll[$ by ,engels1 :o 0 
z _m-sid$ z ,dhr+ b 9     ano!r way4    
,engels' _m-sid$ness 0 unit$ ) a        
fundam5tal ?or\ghness :i* 9 ^! days (   
specialization     is only f\nd 9 a few 
cases & 0 r>e ev5 at t "t4 99 99 99     
,x is to ! sup]ficial _m-sid$ness (     
,dhr+ t we     owe ! fact1 t !          
',anti-,dhr+' became a book :i*         
treat$ ! :ole ( mod]n sci5ce f !        
,m>x-,engels     mat]iali/ic po9t (     
view4 ,next to ',capital' !             
',anti-,dhr+' has become ! fundam5tal "w
 ( mod]n     ,socialism4      ,engels'  
reply 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,leipsic ,vorwrts1 9
 a     s]ies ( articles beg9n+ e>ly 9   
#ahgg1 & aft]w>ds 9 a     volume        
entitl$1 ,mr4 ,dhr+'s ,revolution 9     

,sci5ce4 ,?is     book came to be kn[n  
by its univ]sal & popul> title3         
,anti-,dhr+4      ,aft] ! appe>ance (   
?is book ,dhr+'s influ5ce     disappe>$4
 ,in/ead ( a great lead] 9 ,socialism1  
,dhr+     f\nd himself reg>d$ z a museum
 curiosity1 s mu* s t     ,kautsky1     
writ+ 9 #ahhg1 said3      ,! occasion = 
! ',anti-,dhr+' has be5 long =gott54    
,n only is ,dhr+ a ?+ ( ! pa/ = !       
,social     ,democracy1 b ! :ole ?rong (
 academic & platonic     ,sociali/s h   
be5 fright5$ away by ! anti-,sociali/   
legislation1 :i* at lea/ _h ! "o good   
effect to %[     :]e ! reliable supports
 ( our movem5t are to be f\nd4      ,out
 ( ,anti-,dhr+ came ! mo/ important     
,sociali/ pamphlet     ev] publi%$1     
unless1 p]haps1 we %\ld except ,!       
,communi/     ,manife/o1 ?\gh ev5 ?is is
 by no means c]ta94 ,9 #ahib     ,engels
 relat$ ! /ory ( its bir?3      ,at !   
reque/ ( my fri5d1 ,paul ,laf>gue1 n[   
repres5tative     ( ,lille 9 ! ,fr5*    
,*amb] ( ,deputies1 ,i arrang$ ?ree     

*apt]s ( ?is book z a pamphlet1 :i* he  
translat$ &     publi%$ 9 #ahhj1 "u !   
title3 ,socialism1 ,utopian &           
,sci5tific4 ,f ?is ,fr5* text a ,poli% &
 a ,spani%     edition 0 prep>$4 ,9     
#ahhc1 our ,g]man fri5ds br\ght out     
! pamphlet 9 ! orig9al language4        
,italian1 ,russian1 ,dani%1     ,dut* & 
,r\manian translations1 bas$ ^u ! ,g]man
 text1     h s9ce be5 publi%$4 ,?us1 ) !
 pres5t ,engli%     edition1 ?is little 
book circulates 9 t5 languages4 ,i am n 
aw>e t any o!r ,sociali/ "w1 n ev5 our  
,communi/     ,manife/o ( #ahdh or      
,m>x's ,capital1 has be5 s (t5          
translat$4 ,9 ,g]many x has _h f\r      
editions ( ab\t #bj1jjj     copies 9    
all4      ,! man :o has ! good =tune to 
become famili> ) !     cont5ts ( ?is    
pamphlet 9 e>ly life w nev]1 9 aft]     
life1 be able to e/imate its full value 
z a factor 9 8     intellectual         
developm5t4 ,i h p]suad$ _m p to buy x  
& h inv>iably giv5 !m ?is advice3 ,keep 
x 9 y\r     coat pocket by day & "u y\r 

pill[ by night1 & read x     aga9 & aga9
 until y "k x almo/ by he>t4  ,at ?is   
po9t y may hold up ! pamphlet & ann\nce 
its price4 ,if ?is is done be=e !       
lecture1 h ! u%]s pass ?r\gh ! audi5ce1 
ea* ) a good supply1 & beg9n+ at ! front
 r[ & work+ rapidly s z n to            
unnecess>ily delay ! meet+4 ,if ! sale  
is at ! close ( ! meet+ ann\nce t copies
 may be _h :ile leav+ & h y\r u%]s 9 !  
re> s z to meet ! audi5ce4 ,a good deal 
dep5ds on hav+ live & capable u%]s4 ,our
 big sales at ! ,g>rick are due to u%]s 
be+ pa/ ma/]s 9 _! art4   ,,book ,,talk 
,,no #b4  ,,! ,,communi/ ,,manife/o4    
,9 ! ye> #ahdh--ov] sixty ye>s          
ago--,sci5tific ,socialism 0     born4  
,almo/ e objection we n[ he> aga9/      
,socialism holds     only aga9/ !       
utopian ,socialism :i* di$ & 0 disc>d$  
by ,sociali/s m ?an half a c5tury ago4  
,! bir? ( ,sci5tific ,socialism came z !
 result ( !     discov]y ( a great new  
tru?4 ,?is tru? revolutioniz$ all       
our ideas ab\t society j z ,d>w9's      

discov]y1 elev5 ye>s     lat]1          
revolutioniz$ our notions ( organic     
life4      ,f #ahdh =w>d !re 0 no ne$ = 
speculations & guesses     z to h[ ! _w 
w be 9 ! future or h[ x might be n[     
if x 7 n z x is4 ,f t "t we knew t !    
pres5t     0 c>ri$ 9 ! womb ( ! pa/ & ! 
future is already     "h 9 embryo4      
,if y ?9k y "k ! ma9 outl9es ( ! future 
society     yet _c f9d ^? outl9es       
already develop+ 9 ! society     ab\t y1
 y are nurs+ a delusion4 ,y belong to ! 
,socialism ( ,utopia--if y\r future     
society is n already "h     9 "p1 x is  
n[h]e1 z ,utopia means4      ,we "k     
today t sci5ce does n consi/ ( a m]e    
collection     ( facts4 ,! facts ( c\rse
 are necess>y1 b sci5ce comes     only  
:5 we pu% ?r\gh ! facts & f9d ! laws    
beh9d     !m4      ,! discov]y t gave   
bir? to ,sci5tific ,socialism _h to d   
) hi/ory4 ,?is discov]y *ang$ our ideas 
z to :at     con/itutes hi/ory4 ,! rise 
& fall ( k+s1 tales ( bloody     w>s1 ! 
news ( camp & c\rts2 ^! 7 suppos$ to be 

all     t 0 important 9 hi/ory4 ,?is has
 be5 well call$3 ,drum     & trumpet    
hi/ory4      ,s9ce #ahdh hi/ory is !    
/ory ( ! developm5t ( human     society4
 ,! introduction ( ma*9]y ov]%ad[s all  
k+s &     c\rts 9 hi/ory1 z we n[ "k x1 
because x play$ a     great] "p 9 social
 developm5t ?an t5 ?\s& k+s4            
,hi/ory itself is n a sci5ce b x is "o (
 ! *ief p>ts     ( ! sci5ce (           
society--sociology4      ,hi/orical     
movem5t l all movem5t proce$s by law4   
,:5 ,k>l     ,m>x discov]$ ! c5tral law 
( hi/ory he became ! real     f\nd] (   
mod]n sociology4 ,8 discov]y ( ?is law (
     hi/ory ranks ) ,newton's discov]y (
 gravity or !     ,cop]nican revolution 
9 a/ronomy4 ,x ranks ,m>x z "o ( !      
m5 ^: g5ius creat$ a new epo* 9 human   
?9k+4      ,m>x made ! discov]y be=e    
#ahdh1 b t date is immortal     because 
9 t ye> x 0 publi%$ to ! _w4 ,t date    
ranks ) #ahei :5 ! undy+ ,d>w9 gave u ,!
 ,orig9 (     ,species4      ,! book 0 n
 int5d$ = a book & became a book only by

     reason ( its great importance4 ,x 0
 publi%$ z a political     manife/o--!  
manife/o ( ,! ,communi/ ,league4 ,h5ce  
its     "n--,! ,communi/ ,manife/o4 ,?is
 book is ! f\ndation &     />t+ po9t (  
,sci5tific ,socialism & is indisp5sable 
to     all /ud5ts ( social sci5ce or    
social que/ions4      ,! book itself    
expla9s :y x is n ,! ,sociali/ ,manife/o
     z we might h expect$4 ,at t "t !   
v>i\s gr\ps us+     ,sociali/ z a title 
7 ,utopian & "s ( !m positively         
reaction>y4 ,!re is a description &     
analysis ( ^! gr\ps     9 ! ?ird *apt]  
:i* %[s :y ,m>x _h no "p 9 !m4     ,_!  
advocates "k no?+ ( ! new hi/orical     
pr9ciple     :i* n[ /&s at ! c5t] (     
,sociali/ ?\ght & :i*     has           
successfully )/ood half a c5tury ( se>*+
     criticism4      ,?is great new     
pr9ciple is call$3 ,! ,mat]iali/ic      
,conception ( ,hi/ory4 ,x is n m5tion$  
by "n 9 !     manife/o1 b x is !re l a  
liv+ pres5ce spread+     light 9 d>k    
places ( hi/ory :i* _h nev] be5 p5etrat$

     by previ\s ?9k]s4 ,! key to all    
hi/ory is f\nd 9 me?ods     ( produc+ & 
di/ribut+ mat]ial weal?4 ,out ( !       
*anges 9 ?is field all o!r social *anges
 come4      ,=ty ye>s lat] ,fr$]ick     
,engels gave complet5ess to !           
,manife/o by add+ a preface :i* def9es !
 ma9 !ory1     gives an e/imate ( its   
value1 & expla9s 8 "p z     co-au?or )  
,m>x4      ,no o!r book c ev] take !    
place ( ! ,communi/     ,manife/o4 ,its 
value gr[s ) ! pass+ ye>s4 ,x 0 !       
fir/ trumpet bla/ to ann\nce ! com+ ( ! 
triumphant     prolet>iat4      ,!      
,manife/o's fir/ two *apt]s & its clos+ 
p>agraph are     beyond all price4 ,!y  
are )\t p>allel 9 ! lit]ature (     !   
_w4 ,!y sp>kle l jewels on ! /ret*$     
=ef+]     ( all "t4  ,"h ! speak] may %[
 ! book & /ate its price1 & proce$ ) !  
sell+4 ,if ! sale is made :ile ! audi5ce
 is leav+1 no?+ fur!r ne$ be said1 & if 
! sale is ! la/ ?+ 9 ! meet+ x is       
useless to ask ! audi5ce to rema9 seat$ 
dur+ ! sale4 ,!y get irritat$ & ! meet+ 

breaks up 9 confusion4 ,see t y\r       
salesm5 are po/$ at ! exits :]e !y w    
face ! audi5ce z x leaves4 ,at "o big   
meet+ 9 ,pittsburg :]e ! sales ( a fifty
 c5t book rea*$ ov] sixty doll>s !y w\ld
 h be5 d\ble b "s ( ! sell]s came to !  
front1 & :ile ! audi5ce 0 clamor+ =     
books :i* c\ld n be _h at ! doors1 ^!   
sell]s 7 foll[+ ! audi5ce 9 ! re> )     
armfuls :i* !y _h no *ance to sell4  ,if
 ! sale is made be=e ! lecture :ile !   
sell]s are pass+ ?r\gh ! audi5ce !      
speak] %\ld cont9ue speak+ ( ! book s z 
to su/a9 int]e/4 ,!re w be no loss ( "t 
mak+ *ange if ! "r pric$ books are sold4
 #aj;c1 #be;c1 #ej;c or #a are "r       
prices4 ,at a public meet+ x is a mi/ake
 to try to sell a book at an odd price z
 #ae;c or #ce;c or #fj;c4 ,! dem& dies &
 ! audi5ce gets impati5t :ile ! sell]s  
are try+ to make *ange4  ,! speak] :o   
endeavors to make a success ( book-sell+
 at 8 meet+s w f9d 8 labors d\bl$4 ,!   
l>g] 8 sales ! great] 8 labors4 ,on my  
la/ we/]n trip ,i sold on an av]age half

 a trunk full ( books at ea* meet+ & ,i 
_h no sp>e mom5t f ! "w ( ord]+ by      
telegram & ru%+ ar\nd to express (fices 
& gett+ ! books to ! meet+s4 ,b ! rew>ds
 are great4 ,my trips are always a      
f9ancial success & ! books ,i leave     
scatt]$ on my trail d f> m good ?an !   
lectures ,i deliv]$4     ,,*apt] ,,xxii 
,,conclusion   ,9 conclud+ ?is s]ies ,i 
w gr\p sev]al items ( importance :i* did
 n sugge/ !mselves "u any previ\s head4 
,ge/ures %\ld be c>efully wat*$1        
especially at ! beg9n+1 :5 future habits
 are 9 ! process ( =mation4 ,!y %\ld n  
be affect$ or me*anical l ^? ( ! *ild   
recit+ some?+ ( :i* x does n und]/& !   
s5se4  ,a good /ory is told ( ! old     
prea*] :o c\ld weep at w & m>k$ 8       
manuscript weep "h2 b1 on "o un=tunate  
occasion1 to ! great con/]nation ( 8    
congregation1 got 8 signals mix$1 & wept
 pr(usely dur+ a ref]5ce to ! rec5t     
m>riage ( two ( 8 p>i%ion]s4  ,nev] all[
 y\r ?umb & f+]s1 especially ! ?umb1 to 
/ick out f ! palm at "r angles l p5s    

/uck 9 a potato4  ,nev] "w ! =e>m f !   
elb[ pump-h&le fa%ion1 b always move !  
arms f ! %\ld]s4 ,d n move ! palms ( y\r
 h&s t[>d y\rself z if y 7 try+ to ga!r 
some?+ 91 mesm]i/ fa%ion1 b always      
outw>d z is natural 9 giv+ some?+ =?4   
,cultivate a n>rative /yle4 ,hi/ory1    
poetry1 & all =ms ( lit]ature take _!   
orig9 9 ! /ory-tell] :o once dis*>g$ all
 _! functions4 ,! s-call$ dry facts (   
sci5ce1 well told1 make a /ory (        
surpass+ int]e/4  ,if "y1 let no man    
despise ?y y\?4 ,plunge boldly 91 blund]
 if ne$s be1 b d some?+2 exp]im5t ) y\r 
!ories4 ,let ! vet]an :o has no sympa?y 
) y\r crude ef=ts g to pot4 ,! lapse (  
ye>s has made 8 e>ly inflictions look to
 him l ! ma/]pieces ( ,burke & ,*a?am4  
,nev] slight a small audi5ce4 ,d y\r be/
 z ?\gh y _h a cr[d$ !at]4 ,if y speak  
li/lessly to a small ga!r+ 9 a t[n1     
dep5d on x next "t y g !re x w be /ill  
small]4  ,pres]ve y\r heal? & take      
especial c>e ( y\r ?roat4 ,! speak] :o  
doesn't smoke has a great advantage1 &  

:5 ! ?roat is at all relax$ smok+ %\ld  
be es*ew$4 ,! mo/ dang]\s "t to smoke is
 imm$iately aft] ! close ( a lecture4   
,!n ! cells are all expos$ f rec5t      
ex]cise1 & x is positively wick$ to s   
abuse !m ) tobacco fumes :5 !y h s]v$ y 
s well4 ,x is equally wick$ to scald !m 
) /raight liquor4 ,any speak] :o p]si/s 
9 ei!r ( ^! habits w pay a heavy p5alty4
 ,if ^! ?+s mu/ be done1 at lea/ wait an
 h\r or two aft] speak+4  ,all ?is is j 
s mu* m true ( /reet speak+ z ! ?roat is
 m exhau/$ by ! l\d] tone4  ,:5 y h     
work$ out y\r lecture1 & are wait+ = !  
h\r to /rike1 te/ its m]it by ?is "q3   
,does x conta9 en\gh valuable in=mation 
to make a di/9ct addition to ! education
 ( an av]age li/5]8 ,if y _c affirm ?is1
 :atev] m]its o!rwise x may h1          
fundam5tally1 x fails4 ,:5 ! en?usiasm  
has worn (f1 y\r audi5ce %\ld be able to
 decide t1 9 its acqua9tance ) mod]n k1 
a di/9ct /ep =w>d has be5 made4 ,any?+  
else is build+ on s&4  ,always be firm1 
positive1 c\rage\s4 ,fir/ get a ma/]y ( 

! "q1 & !n let y\r audi5ce realize t y  
"k :at y are talk+ ab\t4 ,! great m]it (
 a c]ta9 speak] ( long ago1 seems to h  
be5 t he spake ) au?ority4 ,rememb] tru?
 is n decid$ by c\nt+ heads1 & if y are 
correct1 ev5 ?\gh ! majority1 9 "s cases
 9 y\r own audi5ce1 may be aga9/ y1 !y w
 be oblig$ ev5tually to come to y\r     
position4 ,true1 9 ! meantime y may be  
oblig$ to suff] a tempor>y eclipse1 b   
?is is "o ( ! p]man5t possibilities ( ! 
c>e] ( ! real tea*]4  ,weigh c>efully1  
inve/igate ?or\ghly1 consult !          
au?orities1 be sure ( y\r gr\nd & prep>$
 to def5d x aga9/ all com]s1 & !n--     
,plunge deep ! r[els ( ?y spee*1   ,hold
 back no syllable ( fire4