from the ,google ,print project47 ,transcriber's note ,minor changes have been made to correct typesetter errors2 otherwise1 every effort has been made to remain true to the authors' words and intent4 ,characters that could not be displayed directly in ,latin-#a are transcribed as follows3 7a1 7e1 7i1 7o1 7y - breve above letter a1 e1 i1 o1 y - macron above letter 3a1 3i1 3o1 3u - umlaut above letter s - tack up below letter ,illustration3 ,david ,copperfield at ,salem ,house 7,see page #bc74 ,,reading ,,with ,,expression ,,eighth ,,reader ,,by ,,james ,,baldwin ,,author ,,of ,,school ,,reading ,,by ,,grades--,,baldwin',s ,,readers1 ,,harper',s ,,readers1 ,,etc4 ,,and ,,ida ,c4 ,,bender ,,supervisor ,,of ,,primary ,,grades1 ,,buffalo1 ,,new ,,york ,,eight-,,book ,,series ,,new ,,york 3 ,,cincinnati 3 ,,chicago ,,american ,,book ,,company ,,copyright1 #aiaa1 ,,by ,,american ,,book ,,company4 ,,entered ,,at ,,stationers' ,,hall1 ,,london4 ,b4 ,b4 ,,eighth ,,reader4 ,w4 ,p4 #b ,,to ,,the ,,teacher ,the paramount design of this series of ,school ,readers is to help young people to acquire the art and the habit of reading well--that is1 of interpreting the printed page in such manner as to give pleasure and instruction to themselves and to those who listen to them4 ,in his eighth year at school the pupil is supposed to be able to read1 with ease and with some degree of fluency1 anything in the ,english language that may come to his hand2 but1 that he may read always with the understanding and in a manner pleasing to his hearers and satisfactory to himself1 he must still have daily systematic practice in the rendering of selections not too difficult for comprehension and yet embracing various styles of literary workmanship and illustrating the different forms of ,english composition4 ,the contents of this volume have been chosen and arranged to supply--or1 where not supplying1 to suggest--the materials for this kind of practice4 ,particular attention is called both to the high quality and to the wide variety of the selections herein presented4 ,they include specimens of many styles of literary workmanship--the products of the best thought of modern times4 ,it is believed that their study will not only prove interesting to pupils1 but will inspire them with a desire to read still more upon the same subjects or from the works of the same authors2 for it is only by loving books and learning to know them that any one can become a really good reader4 ,the pupils should be encouraged to seek for and point out the particular passages in each selection that are distinguished for their beauty1 their truth1 or their peculiar adaptability to the purpose in view4 ,the habit should be cultivated of looking for and enjoying the admirable qualities of any worthy literary production2 and special attention should be given to the style of writing which characterizes and gives value to the works of various authors4 ,these points should be the subjects of daily discussions between teacher and pupils4 ,the notes under the head of ,expression1 which follow many of the lessons1 are intended1 not only to aid in securing correctness of expression1 but also to afford suggestions for the appreciative reading of the selections and an intelligent comparison of their literary peculiarities4 ,in the study of new1 difficult1 or unusual words1 the pupils should invariably refer to the dictionary4 ,,contents ,,page ,brother and ,sister ,george ,eliot #aa ,my ,last ,day at ,salem ,house ,charles ,dickens #bb ,the ,departure from ,miss ,pinkerton's ,w4 ,m4 ,thackeray #bg ,two ,gems from ,browning3 ,i4 ,incident of the ,french ,camp ,robert ,browning #cf ,,ii4 ,dog ,tray ,robert ,browning #da ,the ,discovery of ,america ,washington ,irving #dc ,the ,glove and the ,lions ,leigh ,hunt #dh ,st4 ,francis1 the ,gentle ,william ,canton #ea ,the ,sermon of ,st4 ,francis ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow #ed ,in the ,woods ,john ,burroughs #ef ,bees and ,flowers ,arabella ,b4 ,buckley #ei ,song of the ,river ,abram ,j4 ,ryan #fd ,song of the ,chattahoochee ,sidney ,lanier #ff ,war and ,peace3 ,i4 ,war as the ,mother of ,valor and ,civilization ,andrew ,carnegie #fh ,,ii4 ,friendship among ,nations ,victor ,hugo #ga ,,iii4 ,soldier1 ,rest ,sir ,walter ,scott #gd ,,iv4 ,the ,soldier's ,dream ,thomas ,campbell #ge ,v4 ,how ,sleep the ,brave8 ,william ,collins #gf ,early ,times in ,new ,york ,washington ,irving #gg ,a ,winter ,evening in ,old ,new ,england ,j4 ,g4 ,whittier #hb ,the ,old-fashioned ,thanksgiving ,donald ,g4 ,mitchell #hd ,a ,thanksgiving ,robert ,herrick #ib ,first ,days at ,wakefield ,oliver ,goldsmith #id ,doubting ,castle ,john ,bunyan #ajj ,shooting with the ,longbow ,sir ,walter ,scott #ajh ,a ,christmas ,hymn ,alfred ,domett #aag ,christmas ,eve at ,fezziwig's ,charles ,dickens #abj ,the ,christmas ,holly ,eliza ,cook #abd ,the ,new ,year's ,dinner ,party ,charles ,lamb #abe ,the ,town ,pump ,nathaniel ,hawthorne #abh ,come up from the ,fields1 ,father ,walt ,whitman #ace ,the ,address at ,gettysburg ,abraham ,lincoln #aci ,ode to the ,confederate ,dead ,henry ,timrod #adj ,the ,chariot ,race ,from ,sophocles #ada ,the ,coliseum at ,midnight ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow #ade ,the ,deacon's ,masterpiece ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes #adg ,dogs and ,cats ,alexandre ,dumas #aed ,the ,owl ,critic ,james ,t4 ,fields #aeg ,mrs4 ,caudle's ,umbrella ,lecture ,douglas ,william ,jerrold #afa ,the ,dark ,day in ,connecticut ,j4 ,g4 ,whittier #afd ,two ,interesting ,letters3 ,i4 ,columbus to the ,lord ,treasurer of ,spain #afg ,,ii4 ,governor ,winslow to a ,friend in ,england #aga ,poems of ,home and ,country3 ,i4 ,this is ,my ,own1 ,my ,native ,land ,sir ,walter ,scott #agd ,,ii4 ,the ,green ,little ,shamrock of ,ireland ,andrew ,cherry #age ,,iii4 ,my ,heart's in the ,highlands ,robert ,burns #agf ,,iv4 ,the ,fatherland ,james ,r4 ,lowell #agg ,v4 ,home ,oliver ,goldsmith #agh ,the ,age of ,coal ,agnes ,giberne #agi ,something about the ,moon ,richard ,a4 ,proctor #ahc ,the ,coming of the ,birds ,ralph ,waldo ,emerson #ahg ,the ,return of the ,birds ,john ,burroughs #ahh ,the ,poet and the ,bird3 ,i4 ,the ,song of the ,lark #aic ,,ii4 ,to a ,skylark ,percy ,b4 ,shelley #aig ,hark1 ,hark6 the ,lark ,william ,shakespeare #bja ,echoes of the ,american ,revolution3 ,i4 ,patrick ,henry's ,famous ,speech #bjb ,,ii4 ,marion's ,men ,w4 ,gilmore ,simms #bjf ,,iii4 ,in ,memory of ,george ,washington ,henry ,lee #bji ,three ,great ,american ,poems3 ,i4 ,thanatopsis ,william ,cullen ,bryant #bac ,,ii4 ,the ,bells ,edgar ,allan ,poe #bai ,,iii4 ,marco ,bozzaris ,fitz-,greene ,halleck #bbd ,the ,indian ,edward ,everett #bbh ,national ,retribution ,theodore ,parker #bca ,who are ,blessed ,the ,bible #bcc ,little ,gems from the ,older ,poets3 ,i4 ,the ,noble ,nature ,ben ,jonson #bce ,,ii4 ,a ,contented ,mind ,joshua ,sylvester #bce ,,iii4 ,a ,happy ,life ,sir ,henry ,wotton #bcf ,,iv4 ,solitude ,alexander ,pope #bcg ,v4 ,a ,wish ,samuel ,rogers #bch ,how ,king ,arthur got his ,name ,fiona ,macleod #bci ,antony's ,oration over ,csar's ,dead ,body ,william ,shakespeare #bdd ,selections to be ,memorized3 ,i4 ,the ,prayer ,perfect ,james ,whitcomb ,riley #bej ,,ii4 ,be ,just and ,fear ,not ,william ,shakespeare #bej ,,iii4 ,if ,i can ,live ,author ,unknown #bea ,,iv4 ,the ,bugle ,song ,alfred ,tennyson #bea ,v4 ,the ,ninetieth ,psalm ,book of ,psalms #beb ,,vi4 ,recessional ,rudyard ,kipling #bec ,proper ,names #bee ,list of ,authors #beg ,,acknowledgments ,acknowledgment and thanks are proffered to ,andrew ,carnegie for permission to reprint in this volume his tract on ,war as the ,mother of ,civilization and ,valor2 to the ,bobbs-,merrill ,company for their courtesy in allowing us to use ,the ,prayer ,perfect1 from ,james ,whitcomb ,riley's ,rhymes of ,childhood2 to ,david ,mackay for the poem by ,walt ,whitman entitled ,come up from the ,fields1 ,father2 to ,charles ,scribner's ,sons for the ,song of the ,chattahoochee1 from the ,poems of ,sidney ,lanier2 and1 also1 to the same publishers for the selection1 ,the ,old-fashioned ,thanksgiving1 from ,bound ,together by ,donald ,g4 ,mitchell4 ,the selections from ,john ,burroughs1 ,ralph ,waldo ,emerson1 ,james ,t4 ,fields1 ,nathaniel ,hawthorne1 ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes1 ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow1 and ,john ,g4 ,whittier are used by permission of1 and special arrangement with1 ,houghton ,mifflin ,company1 the authorized publishers of the works of those authors4 ,,eighth ,,reader ,,brother ,,and ,,sister#a ,i4 ,,the ,,home ,,coming ,tom was to arrive early in the afternoon1 and there was another fluttering heart besides ,maggie's when it was late enough for the sound of the gig wheels to be expected4 ,for if ,mrs4 ,tulliver had a strong feeling1 it was fondness for her boy4 ,at last the sound came--that quick light bowling of the gig wheels4 ,there he is1 my sweet lad6 ,mrs4 ,tulliver stood with her arms open2 ,maggie jumped first on one leg and then on the other2 while ,tom descended from the gig1 and said1 with masculine reticence as to the tender emotions1 ,hallo6 ,yap--what6 are you there8 ,nevertheless he submitted to be kissed willingly enough1 though ,maggie hung on his neck in rather a strangling fashion1 while his blue eyes wandered toward the croft and the lambs and the river1 where he promised himself he would begin to fish the first thing to-morrow morning4 ,he was one of those lads that grow everywhere in ,england1 and at twelve or thirteen years of age look as much alike as goslings1--a lad with a physiognomy in which it seems impossible to discern anything but the generic character of boyhood4 ,maggie1 said ,tom1 confidentially1 taking her into a corner1 as soon as his mother was gone out to examine his box1 and the warm parlor had taken off the chill he had felt from the long drive1 you don't know what ,i've got in my pockets1 nodding his head up and down as a means of rousing her sense of mystery4 ,no1 said ,maggie4 ,how stodgy they look1 ,tom6 ,is it marbles or cobnuts8 ,maggie's heart sank a little1 because ,tom always said it was no good playing with her at those games--she played so badly4 ,marbles6 no2 ,i've swopped all my marbles with the little fellows1 and cobnuts are no fun1 you silly1 only when the nuts are green4 ,but see here6 ,he drew something half out of his right-hand pocket4 ,what is it8 said ,maggie1 in a whisper4 ,i can see nothing but a bit of yellow4 ,why1 it's--a--new--guess1 ,maggie6 ,oh1 ,i can't guess1 ,tom1 said ,maggie1 impatiently4 ,don't be a spitfire1 else ,i won't tell you1 said ,tom1 thrusting his hand back into his pocket1 and looking determined4 ,no1 ,tom1 said ,maggie1 imploringly1 laying hold of the arm that was held stiffly in the pocket4 ,i'm not cross1 ,tom2 it was only because ,i can't bear guessing4 ,please be good to me4 ,illustration3 ,the ,home ,coming4 ,tom's arm slowly relaxed1 and he said1 ,well1 then1 it's a new fish line--two new ones--one for you1 ,maggie1 all to yourself4 ,i wouldn't go halves in the toffee and gingerbread on purpose to save the money2 and ,gibson and ,spouncer fought with me because ,i wouldn't4 ,and here's hooks2 see here6--,i say1 won't we go and fish to-morrow down by the ,round ,pool8 ,and you shall catch your own fish1 ,maggie1 and put the worms on1 and everything--won't it be fun8 ,maggie's answer was to throw her arms around ,tom's neck and hug him1 and hold her cheek against his without speaking1 while he slowly unwound some of the line1 saying1 after a pause3-- ,wasn't ,i a good brother1 now1 to buy you a line all to yourself8 ,you know1 ,i needn't have bought it1 if ,i hadn't liked4 ,yes1 very1 very good--,i do love you1 ,tom4 ,tom had put the line back in his pocket1 and was looking at the hooks one by one1 before he spoke again4 ,and the fellows fought me1 because ,i wouldn't give in about the toffee4 ,oh1 dear6 ,i wish they wouldn't fight at your school1 ,tom4 ,didn't it hurt you8 ,hurt me8 no1 said ,tom1 putting up the hooks again1 taking out a large pocketknife1 and slowly opening the largest blade1 which he looked at meditatively as he rubbed his finger along it4 ,then he added--,i gave ,spouncer a black eye1 ,i know--that's what he got by wanting to leather me2 ,i wasn't going to go halves because anybody leathered me4 ,oh1 how brave you are1 ,tom6 ,i think you're like ,samson4 ,if there came a lion roaring at me1 ,i think you'd fight him--wouldn't you1 ,tom8 ,how can a lion come roaring at you1 you silly thing8 ,there's no lions1 only in the shows4 ,no2 but if we were in the lion countries--,i mean in ,africa1 where it's very hot--the lions eat people there4 ,i can show it to you in the book where ,i read it4 ,well1 ,i should get a gun and shoot him4 ,but if you hadn't got a gun--we might have gone out1 you know1 not thinking just as we go fishing2 and then a great lion might run toward us roaring1 and we couldn't get away from him4 ,what should you do1 ,tom8 ,tom paused1 and at last turned away contemptuously1 saying1 ,but the lion isn't coming4 ,what's the use of talking8 ,but ,i like to fancy how it would be1 said ,maggie1 following him4 ,just think what you would do1 ,tom4 ,oh1 don't bother1 ,maggie6 you're such a silly--,i shall go and see my rabbits4 ,,ii4 ,,the ,,falling ,,out ,maggie's heart began to flutter with fear4 ,she dared not tell the sad truth at once1 but she walked after ,tom in trembling silence as he went out1 thinking how she could tell him the news so as to soften at once his sorrow and his anger2 for ,maggie dreaded ,tom's anger of all things--it was quite a different anger from her own4 ,tom1 she said timidly1 when they were out of doors1 how much money did you give for your rabbits8 ,two half crowns and a sixpence1 said ,tom4 ,i think ,i've got a great deal more than that in my steel purse upstairs4 ,i'll ask mother to give it to you4 ,what for8 said ,tom4 ,i don't want your money1 you silly thing4 ,i've got a great deal more money than you1 because ,i'm a boy4 ,i always have half sovereigns and sovereigns for my ,christmas boxes1 because ,i shall be a man1 and you only have five-shilling pieces1 because you're only a girl4 ,well1 but1 ,tom--if mother would let me give you two half crowns and a sixpence out of my purse to put into your pocket and spend1 you know2 and buy some more rabbits with it8 ,more rabbits8 ,i don't want any more4 ,oh1 but1 ,tom1 they're all dead4 ,tom stopped immediately in his walk and turned round toward ,maggie4 ,you forgot to feed 'em1 then1 and ,harry forgot1 he said1 his color heightening for a moment1 but soon subsiding4 ,i'll pitch into ,harry--,i'll have him turned away4 ,and ,i don't love you1 ,maggie4 ,you shan't go fishing with me to-morrow4 ,i told you to go and see the rabbits every day4 ,he walked on again4 ,yes1 but ,i forgot--and ,i couldn't help it1 indeed1 ,tom4 ,i'm so very sorry1 said ,maggie1 while the tears rushed fast4 ,you're a naughty girl1 said ,tom1 severely2 and ,i'm sorry ,i bought you the fish line4 ,i don't love you4 ,oh1 ,tom1 it's very cruel1 sobbed ,maggie4 ,i'd forgive you1 if you forgot anything--,i wouldn't mind what you did--,i'd forgive you and love you4 ,yes1 you're a silly--but ,i never do forget things--,i don't4 ,oh1 please forgive me1 ,tom2 my heart will break1 said ,maggie1 shaking with sobs1 clinging to ,tom's arm1 and laying her wet cheek on his shoulder4 ,tom shook her off1 and stopped again1 saying in a peremptory tone1 ,now1 ,maggie1 you just listen4 ,aren't ,i a good brother to you8 ,ye-ye-es1 sobbed ,maggie1 her chin rising and falling convulsedly4 ,didn't ,i think about your fish line all this quarter1 and mean to buy it1 and saved my money o' purpose1 and wouldn't go halves in the toffee1 and ,spouncer fought me because ,i wouldn't8 ,ye-ye-es--and ,i--lo-lo-love you so1 ,tom4 ,but you're a naughty girl4 ,last holidays you licked the paint off my lozenge box1 and the holidays before that you let the boat drag my fish line down when ,i'd set you to watch it1 and you pushed your head through my kite1 all for nothing4 ,but ,i didn't mean1 said ,maggie2 ,i couldn't help it4 ,yes1 you could1 said ,tom1 if you'd minded what you were doing4 ,and you're a naughty girl1 and you shan't go fishing with me to-morrow4 ,with this terrible conclusion1 ,tom ran away from ,maggie toward the mill4 ,maggie stood motionless1 except for her sobs1 for a minute or two2 then she turned round and ran into the house1 and up to her attic1 where she sat on the floor1 and laid her head against the worm-eaten shelf1 with a crushing sense of misery4 ,tom was come home1 and she had thought how happy she should be--and now he was cruel to her4 ,what use was anything1 if ,tom didn't love her8 ,oh1 he was very cruel6 ,hadn't she wanted to give him the money1 and said how very sorry she was8 ,she had never been naughty to ,tom--had never meant to be naughty to him4 ,oh1 he is cruel6 ,maggie sobbed aloud1 finding a wretched pleasure in the hollow resonance that came through the long empty space of the attic4 ,she was too miserable to be angry4 ,,iii4 ,,the ,,making ,,up ,maggie soon thought she had been hours in the attic1 and it must be tea time1 and they were all having their tea1 and not thinking of her4 ,well1 then1 she would stay up there and starve herself--hide herself behind the tub1 and stay there all night2 and then they would all be frightened1 and ,tom would be sorry4 ,thus ,maggie thought as she crept behind the tub2 but presently she began to cry again at the idea that they didn't mind her being there4 ,tom had been too much interested in going the round of the premises1 to think of ,maggie and the effect his anger had produced on her4 ,he meant to punish her1 and that business having been performed1 he occupied himself with other matters1 like a practical person4 ,but when he had been called in to tea1 his father said1 ,why1 where's the little wench8 and ,mrs4 ,tulliver1 almost at the same moment1 said1 ,where's your little sister8--both of them having supposed that ,maggie and ,tom had been together all the afternoon4 ,i don't know1 said ,tom4 ,he didn't want to tell of ,maggie1 though he was angry with her2 for ,tom ,tulliver was a lad of honor4 ,what6 hasn't she been playing with you all this while8 said the father4 ,she'd been thinking of nothing but your coming home4 ,i haven't seen her this two hours1 says ,tom1 commencing on the plum cake4 ,goodness heart6 ,she's got drowned6 exclaimed ,mrs4 ,tulliver1 rising from her seat and running to the window4 ,how could you let her do so8 she added1 as became a fearful woman1 accusing she didn't know whom of she didn't know what4 ,nay1 nay1 she's none drowned1 said ,mr4 ,tulliver4 ,you've been naughty to her1 ,i doubt1 ,tom8 ,i'm sure ,i haven't1 father1 said ,tom1 indignantly4 ,i think she's in the house4 ,perhaps up in that attic1 said ,mrs4 ,tulliver1 a-singing and talking to herself1 and forgetting all about mealtimes4 ,you go and fetch her down1 ,tom1 said ,mr4 ,tulliver1 rather sharply1 his perspicacity or his fatherly fondness for ,maggie making him suspect that the lad had been hard upon the little un1 else she would never have left his side4 ,and be good to her1 do you hear8 ,else ,i'll let you know better4 ,tom never disobeyed his father1 for ,mr4 ,tulliver was a peremptory man2 but he went out rather sullenly1 carrying his piece of plum cake1 and not intending to reprieve ,maggie's punishment1 which was no more than she deserved4 ,tom was only thirteen1 and had no decided views in grammar and arithmetic1 regarding them for the most part as open questions1 but he was particularly clear and positive on one point--namely1 that he would punish everybody who deserved it2 why1 he wouldn't have minded being punished himself1 if he deserved it2 but1 then1 he never did deserve it4 ,it was ,tom's step1 then1 that ,maggie heard on the stairs1 when her need of love had triumphed over her pride1 and she was going down with her swollen eyes and disheveled hair to beg for pity4 ,at least her father would stroke her head and say1 ,never mind1 my wench4 ,but she knew ,tom's step1 and her heart began to beat violently with the sudden shock of hope4 ,he only stood still at the top of the stairs and said1 ,maggie1 you're to come down4 ,but she rushed to him and clung round his neck1 sobbing1 ,o ,tom1 please forgive me--,i can't bear it--,i will always be good--always remember things--do love me--please1 dear ,tom6 ,maggie and ,tom were still very much like young animals1 and so she could rub her cheek against his1 and kiss his ear in a random1 sobbing way2 and there were tender fibers in the lad that had been used to answer to ,maggie's fondling2 so that he behaved with a weakness quite inconsistent with his resolution to punish her as much as she deserved2 he actually began to kiss her in return1 and say3-- ,don't cry1 then1 ,magsie--here1 eat a bit o' cake4 ,maggie's sobs began to subside1 and she put out her mouth for the cake and bit a piece2 and then ,tom bit a piece1 just for company1 and they ate together and rubbed each other's cheeks and brows and noses together1 while they ate1 with a humiliating resemblance to two friendly ponies4 ,come along1 ,magsie1 and have tea1 said ,tom at last1 when there was no more cake except what was downstairs4 ,so ended the sorrows of this day4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #a3 ,from ,the ,mill on the ,floss1 by ,george ,eliot4 ,,my ,,last ,,day ,,at ,,salem ,,house#b ,i pass over all that happened at school1 until the anniversary of my birthday came round in ,march4 ,the great remembrance by which that time is marked in my mind seems to have swallowed up all lesser recollections1 and to exist alone4 ,it is even difficult for me to believe there was a gap of full two months between my return to ,salem ,house and the arrival of that birthday4 ,i can only understand that the fact was so1 because ,i know it must have been so2 otherwise ,i should feel convinced there was no interval1 and that the one occasion trod upon the other's heels4 ,how well ,i recollect the kind of day it was6 ,i smell the fog that hung about the place2 ,i see the hoar-frost ghostly1 through it2 ,i feel my rimy hair fall clammy on my cheek2 ,i look along the dim perspective of the schoolroom1 with a spluttering candle here and there to light up the foggy morning1 and the breath of the boys wreathing and smoking in the raw cold as they blow upon their fingers1 and tap their feet upon the floor4 ,it was after breakfast1 and we had been summoned in from the playground1 when ,mr4 ,sharp entered and said1 ,david ,copperfield is to go into the parlor4 ,i expected a hamper from home1 and brightened at the order4 ,some of the boys about me put in their claim not to be forgotten in the distribution of the good things1 as ,i got out of my seat with great alacrity4 ,don't hurry1 ,david1 said ,mr4 ,sharp4 ,there's time enough1 my boy1 don't hurry4 ,i might have been surprised by the feeling tone in which he spoke1 if ,i had given it a thought2 but ,i gave it none until afterward4 ,i hurried away to the parlor2 and there ,i found ,mr4 ,creakle1 sitting at his breakfast with the cane and newspaper before him1 and ,mrs4 ,creakle with an opened letter in her hand4 ,but no hamper4 ,david ,copperfield1 said ,mrs4 ,creakle1 leading me to a sofa1 and sitting down beside me1 ,i want to speak to you very particularly4 ,i have something to tell you1 my child4 ,mr4 ,creakle1 at whom of course ,i looked1 shook his head without looking at me1 and stopped up a sigh with a very large piece of buttered toast4 ,you are too young to know how the world changes every day1 said ,mrs4 ,creakle1 and how the people in it pass away4 ,but we all have to learn it1 ,david2 some of us when we are young1 some of us when we are old1 some of us at all times of our lives4 ,i looked at her earnestly4 ,when you came away from home at the end of the vacation1 said ,mrs4 ,creakle1 after a pause1 were they all well8 ,after another pause1 ,was your mamma well8 ,i trembled without distinctly knowing why1 and still looked at her earnestly1 making no attempt to answer4 ,because1 said she1 ,i grieve to tell you that ,i hear this morning your mamma is very ill4 ,a mist rose between ,mrs4 ,creakle and me1 and her figure seemed to move in it for an instant4 ,then ,i felt the burning tears run down my face1 and it was steady again4 ,she is very dangerously ill1 she added4 ,i knew all now4 ,she is dead4 ,there was no need to tell me so4 ,i had already broken out into a desolate cry1 and felt an orphan in the wide world4 ,she was very kind to me4 ,she kept me there all day1 and left me alone sometimes2 and ,i cried and wore myself to sleep1 and awoke and cried again4 ,when ,i could cry no more1 ,i began to think2 and then the oppression on my breast was heaviest1 and my grief a dull pain that there was no ease for4 ,and yet my thoughts were idle2 not intent on the calamity that weighed upon my heart1 but idly loitering near it4 ,i thought of our house shut up and hushed4 ,i thought of the little baby1 who1 ,mrs4 ,creakle said1 had been pining away for some time1 and who1 they believed1 would die too4 ,i thought of my father's grave in the churchyard1 by our house1 and of my mother lying there beneath the tree ,i knew so well4 ,i stood upon a chair when ,i was left alone1 and looked into the glass to see how red my eyes were1 and how sorrowful my face4 ,i considered1 after some hours were gone1 if my tears were really hard to flow now1 as they seemed to be1 what1 in connection with my loss1 it would affect me most to think of when ,i drew near home--for ,i was going home to the funeral4 ,i am sensible of having felt that a dignity attached to me among the rest of the boys1 and that ,i was important in my affliction4 ,if ever child were stricken with sincere grief1 ,i was4 ,but ,i remembered that this importance was a kind of satisfaction to me1 when ,i walked in the playground that afternoon while the boys were in school4 ,when ,i saw them glancing at me out of the windows1 as they went up to their classes1 ,i felt distinguished1 and looked more melancholy1 and walked slower4 ,when school was over1 and they came out and spoke to me1 ,i felt it rather good in myself not to be proud to any of them1 and to take exactly the same notice of them all1 as before4 ,i was to go home next night2 not by the mail1 but by the heavy night coach1 which was called the ,farmer1 and was principally used by country people traveling short intermediate distances upon the road4 ,we had no story telling that evening1 and ,traddles insisted on lending me his pillow4 ,i don't know what good he thought it would do me1 for ,i had one of my own2 but it was all he had to lend1 poor fellow1 except a sheet of letter paper full of skeletons2 and that he gave me at parting1 as a soother of my sorrows and a contribution to my peace of mind4 ,i left ,salem ,house upon the morrow afternoon4 ,i little thought then that ,i left it1 never to return4 ,we traveled very slowly all night1 and did not get into ,yarmouth before nine or ten o'clock in the morning4 ,i looked out for ,mr4 ,barkis1 but he was not there2 and instead of him a fat1 short-winded1 merry-looking little old man in black1 with rusty little bunches of ribbons at the knees of his breeches1 black stockings1 and a broad-brimmed hat1 came puffing up to the coach window1 and said1 ,master ,copperfield8 ,yes1 sir4 ,will you come with me1 young sir1 if you please1 he said1 opening the door1 and ,i shall have the pleasure of taking you home6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #b3 ,from ,david ,copperfield1 by ,charles ,dickens4 ,,expression3 ,the two stories which you have just read were written by two of the greatest masters of fiction in ,english literature4 ,talk with your teacher about ,george ,eliot and ,charles ,dickens1 and learn all that you can about their works4 ,which of these two stories do you prefer8 ,why8 ,reread the conversation on pages #ad and #ae4 ,imagine yourself to be ,tom or ,maggie1 and speak just as he or she did4 ,read the conversation on pages #af and #ag in the same way4 ,reread other portions that you like particularly well4 ,in what respect does the second story differ most strongly from the first8 ,select the most striking passage and read it with expression sad feeling4 ,,the ,,departure ,,from ,,miss ,,pinkerton',s#c ,i ,one sunshiny morning in ,june1 there drove up to the great iron gate of ,miss ,pinkerton's ,academy for young ladies1 on ,chiswick ,mall1 a large family coach1 with two fat horses in blazing harness1 driven by a fat coachman in a three-cornered hat and wig1 at the rate of four miles an hour4 ,a black servant1 who reposed on the box beside the fat coachman1 uncurled his bandy legs as soon as the equipage drew up opposite ,miss ,pinkerton's shining brass plate2 and as he pulled the bell1 at least a score of young heads were seen peering out of the narrow windows of the stately old brick house4 ,nay1 the acute observer might have recognized the little red nose of good-natured ,miss ,jemima ,pinkerton herself1 rising over some geranium pots in the window of that lady's own drawing room4 ,it is ,mrs4 ,sedley's coach1 sister1 said ,miss ,jemima4 ,sambo1 the black servant1 has just rung the bell2 and the coachman has a new red waistcoat4 ,have you completed all the necessary preparations incident to ,miss ,sedley's departure8 asked ,miss ,pinkerton1 that majestic lady1 the friend of the famous literary man1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 the author of the great ,dixonary of the ,english language1 called commonly the great ,lexicographer4 ,the girls were up at four this morning1 packing her trunks1 sister1 answered ,miss ,jemima4 ,we have made her a bowpot4 ,say a bouquet1 sister ,jemima2 'tis more genteel4 ,well1 a booky as big almost as a haystack4 ,i have put up two bottles of the gillyflower water for ,mrs4 ,sedley1 and the receipt for making it is in ,amelia's box4 ,and ,i trust1 ,miss ,jemima1 you have made a copy of ,miss ,sedley's account4 ,that is it1 is it8 ,very good6 ,ninety-three pounds1 four shillings4 ,be kind enough to address it to ,john ,sedley1 ,esquire1 and to seal this billet which ,i have written to his lady4 ,,ii ,in ,miss ,jemima's eyes an autograph letter of her sister1 ,miss ,pinkerton1 was an object of as deep veneration as would have been a letter from a sovereign4 ,only when her pupils quitted the establishment1 or when they were about to be married1 and once when poor ,miss ,birch died of the scarlet fever1 was ,miss ,pinkerton known to write personally to the parents of her pupils4 ,in the present instance ,miss ,pinkerton's billet was to the following effect3-- ,the ,mall1 ,chiswick1 ,june #ae4 ,,madam3 ,after her six years' residence at the ,mall1 ,i have the honor and happiness of presenting ,miss ,amelia ,sedley to her parents1 as a young lady not unworthy to occupy a fitting position in their polished and refined circle4 ,those virtues which characterize the young ,english gentlewomen2 those accomplishments which become her birth and station1 will not be found wanting in the amiable ,miss ,sedley1 whose industry and obedience have endeared her to her instructors1 and whose delightful sweetness of temper has charmed her aged and her youthful companions4 ,in music1 dancing1 in orthography1 in every variety of embroidery and needle-work she will be found to have realized her friends' fondest wishes4 ,in geography there is still much to be desired2 and a careful and undeviating use of the back-board1 for four hours daily during the next three years1 is recommended as necessary to the acquirement of that dignified deportment and carriage so requisite for every young lady of fashion4 ,in the principles of religion and morality1 ,miss ,sedley will be found worthy of an establishment which has been honored by the presence of ,the ,great ,lexicographer and the patronage of the admirable ,mrs4 ,chapone4 ,in leaving them all1 ,miss ,amelia carries with her the hearts of her companions and the affectionate regards of her mistress1 who has the honor to subscribe herself1 ,madam your most obliged humble servant1 ,,barbara ,,pinkerton4 ,p4,s4--,miss ,sharp accompanies ,miss ,sedley4 ,it is particularly requested that ,miss ,sharp's stay in ,russell ,square may not exceed ten days4 ,the family of distinction with whom she is engaged as governess desire to avail themselves of her services as soon as possible4 ,this letter completed1 ,miss ,pinkerton proceeded to write her own name and ,miss ,sedley's in the flyleaf of a ,johnson's ,dictionary1 the interesting work which she invariably presented to her scholars on their departure from the ,mall4 ,on the cover was inserted a copy of ,lines addressed to a ,young ,lady on quitting ,miss ,pinkerton's ,school1 at the ,mall2 by the late revered ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson4 ,in fact1 the ,lexicographer's name was always on the lips of this majestic woman1 and a visit he had paid to her was the cause of her reputation and her fortune4 ,being commanded by her elder sister to get ,the ,dixonary from the cupboard1 ,miss ,jemima had extracted two copies of the book from the receptacle in question4 ,when ,miss ,pinkerton had finished the inscription in the first1 ,jemima1 with rather a dubious and timid air1 handed her the second4 ,for whom is this1 ,miss ,jemima8 said ,miss ,pinkerton with awful coldness4 ,for ,becky ,sharp1 answered ,jemima1 trembling very much1 and blushing over her withered face and neck1 as she turned her back on her sister4 ,for ,becky ,sharp4 ,she's going1 too4 ,,miss ,,jemima6 exclaimed ,miss ,pinkerton1 in the largest capitals4 ,are you in your senses8 ,replace the ,dixonary in the closet1 and never venture to take such a liberty in future4 ,with an unusual display of courage1 ,miss ,jemima mildly protested3 ,well1 sister1 it's only two and nine-pence1 and poor ,becky will be miserable if she doesn't get one4 ,send ,miss ,sedley instantly to me1 was ,miss ,pinkerton's only answer4 ,and1 venturing not to say another word1 poor ,jemima trotted off1 exceedingly flurried and nervous1 while the two pupils1 ,miss ,sedley and ,miss ,sharp1 were making final preparations for their departure for ,miss ,sedley's home4 ,,iii ,well1 then4 ,the flowers1 and the presents1 and the trunks1 and the bonnet boxes of ,miss ,sedley having been arranged by ,mr4 ,sambo in the carriage1 together with a very small and weather-beaten old cowskin trunk with ,miss ,sharp's card neatly nailed upon it1 which was delivered by ,sambo with a grin1 and packed by the coachman with a corresponding sneer1 the hour for parting came2 and the grief of that moment was considerably lessened by the admirable discourse which ,miss ,pinkerton addressed to her pupil4 ,not that the parting speech caused ,amelia to philosophize1 or that it armed her in any way with a calmness1 the result of argument2 but it was intolerably dull1 and having the fear of her schoolmistress greatly before her eyes1 ,miss ,sedley did not venture1 in her presence1 to give way to any ablutions of private grief4 ,a seed cake and a bottle of wine were produced in the drawing room1 as on the solemn occasions of the visits of parents2 and these refreshments being partaken of1 ,miss ,sedley was at liberty to depart4 ,you'll go in and say good-by to ,miss ,pinkerton1 ,becky6 said ,miss ,jemima to that young lady1 of whom nobody took any notice1 and who was coming downstairs with her own bandbox4 ,i suppose ,i must1 said ,miss ,sharp calmly1 and much to the wonder of ,miss ,jemima2 and the latter having knocked at the door1 and receiving permission to come in1 ,miss ,sharp advanced in a very unconcerned manner1 and said in ,french1 and with a perfect accent1 ,mademoiselle1 je viens vous faire mes adieux4#d ,miss ,pinkerton did not understand ,french1 as we know2 she only directed those who did4 ,biting her lips and throwing up her venerable and ,roman-nosed head1 she said1 ,miss ,sharp1 ,i wish you a good morning4 ,as she spoke1 she waved one hand1 both by way of adieu and to give ,miss ,sharp an opportunity of shaking one of the fingers of the hand1 which was left out for that purpose4 ,miss ,sharp only folded her own hands with a very frigid smile and bow1 and quite declined to accept the proffered honor2 on which ,miss ,pinkerton tossed up her turban more indignantly than ever4 ,in fact1 it was a little battle between the young lady and the old one1 and the latter was worsted4 ,come away1 ,becky1 said ,miss ,jemima1 pulling the young woman away in great alarm2 and the drawing room door closed upon her forever4 ,illustration3 ,the ,parting4 ,then came the struggle and parting below4 ,words refuse to tell it4 ,all the servants were there in the hall--all the dear friends--all the young ladies--even the dancing master1 who had just arrived2 and there was such a scuffling and hugging1 and kissing1 and crying1 with the hysterical yoops of ,miss ,schwartz1 the parlor boarder1 as no pen can depict1 and as the tender heart would feign pass over4 ,the embracing was finished2 they parted--that is1 ,miss ,sedley parted from her friends4 ,miss ,sharp had demurely entered the carriage some minutes before4 ,nobody cried for leaving her4 ,sambo of the bandy legs slammed the carriage door on his young weeping mistress4 ,he sprang up behind the carriage4 ,stop6 cried ,miss ,jemima1 rushing to the gate with a parcel4 ,it's some sandwiches1 my dear1 she called to ,amelia4 ,you may be hungry1 you know2 and1 ,becky--,becky ,sharp--here's a book for you1 that my sister--that is1 ,i--,johnson's ,dixonary1 you know4 ,you mustn't leave us without that4 ,good-by6 ,drive on1 coachman6--,god bless you6 ,good-by4 ,then the kind creature retreated into the garden1 overcome with emotion4 ,but lo6 and just as the coach drove off1 ,miss ,sharp suddenly put her pale face out of the window1 and flung the book back into the garden--flung it far and fast--watching it fall at the feet of astonished ,miss ,jemima2 then sank back in the carriage1 exclaiming1 ,so much for the ',dixonary'2 and thank ,god ,i'm out of ,chiswick6 ,the shock of such an act almost caused ,jemima to faint with terror4 ,well1 ,i never-- she began4 ,what an audacious-- she gasped4 ,emotion prevented her from completing either sentence4 ,the carriage rolled away2 the great gates were closed2 the bell rang for the dancing lesson4 ,the world is before the two young ladies2 and so1 farewell to ,chiswick ,mall6 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #c3 ,from ,vanity ,fair1 by ,william ,makepeace ,thackeray4 ,footnote #d3 ,madam1 ,i have come to tell you good-by4 ,,expression3 ,by many able critics1 ,thackeray is regarded as a greater novelist than either ,dickens or ,george ,eliot4 ,compare this extract from one of his best works with the two selections which precede it4 ,which of the three stories is the most interesting to you8 ,which sounds the best when read aloud8 ,which is the most humorous8 ,which is the most pathetic8 ,reread the three selections very carefully4 ,now tell what you observe about the style of each4 ,in what respects is the style of the third story different from that of either of the others8 ,reread ,miss ,pinkerton's letter4 ,what peculiarities do you observe in it8 ,select and reread the most humorous passage in this last story4 ,,two ,,gems ,,from ,,browning ,i4 ,,incident ,,of ,,the ,,french ,,camp ,in the small kingdom of ,bavaria1 on the south bank of the ,danube ,river1 there is a famous old city called ,ratisbon4 ,it is not a very large city1 but its history can be traced far back to the time when the ,romans had a military camp there which they used as an outpost against the ,german barbarians4 ,at one time it ranked among the most flourishing towns of ,germany4 ,it is now of little commercial importance--a quaint and quiet old place1 with a fine cathedral and many notable buildings which testify to its former greatness4 ,during the earlier years of the nineteenth century1 ,napoleon ,bonaparte1 emperor of the ,french1 was engaged in bitter warfare with ,austria and indeed with nearly the whole of ,europe4 ,in ,april1 #ahji1 the ,austrian army1 under ,grand ,duke ,charles1 was intrenched in ,ratisbon and the neighboring towns4 ,there it was attacked by the ,french army commanded by ,napoleon himself and led by the brave ,marshal ,lannes1 ,duke of ,montebello4 ,the battle raged1 first on this side of the city1 then on that1 and for several days no one could tell which of the combatants would be victorious4 ,at length ,napoleon decided to end the matter by storming the city and1 if possible1 driving the archduke from his stronghold4 ,he1 therefore1 sent ,marshal ,lannes forward to direct the battle1 while he watched the conflict and gave commands from a distance4 ,for a long time the issue seemed doubtful1 and not even ,napoleon could guess what the result would be4 ,late in the day1 however1 ,french valor prevailed1 the ,austrians were routed1 and ,marshal ,lannes forced his way into the city4 ,it was at this time that the incident described so touchingly in the following poem by ,robert ,browning is supposed to have taken place4 ,we do not know1 nor does any one know1 whether the story has any foundation in fact4 ,it illustrates1 however1 the spirit of bravery and self-sacrifice that prevailed among the soldiers of ,napoleon2 and such an incident might1 indeed1 have happened not only at ,ratisbon1 but at almost any place where the emperor's presence urged his troops to victory4 ,for1 such was ,napoleon's magic influence and such was the love which he inspired among all his followers1 that thousands of young men were ready cheerfully to give their lives for the promotion of his selfish ambition4 ,the poem1 which is now regarded as one of the classics of our language1 was first published in #ahdc1 in a small volume entitled ,dramatic ,lyrics4 ,the same volume contained the well-known rime of ,the ,pied ,piper of ,hamelin4 ,robert ,browning was at that time a young man of thirty1 and most of the poems which afterwards made him famous were still unwritten4 ,,browning',s ,,poem ,you know1 we ,french stormed ,ratisbon3 ,a mile or so away1 ,on a little mound1 ,napoleon ,stood on our storming day3 ,with neck outthrust1 you fancy how1 ,legs wide1 arms locked behind1 ,as if to balance the prone brow ,oppressive with its mind4 ,just as perhaps he mused1 ,my plans ,that soar1 to earth may fall1 ,let once my army leader ,lannes ,waver at yonder wall1-- ,out 'twixt the battery smokes there flew ,a rider1 bound on bound ,full galloping2 nor bridle drew ,until he reached the mound4 ,then off there flung in smiling joy1 ,and held himself erect ,by just his horse's mane1 a boy3 ,you hardly could suspect-- 7,so tight he kept his lips compressed1 ,scarce any blood came through7 ,you looked twice ere you saw his breast ,was all but shot in two4 ,illustration3 ,we've got you ,ratisbon6 ,well1 cried he1 ,emperor by ,god's grace ,we've got you ,ratisbon6 ,the ,marshal's in the market place1 ,and you'll be there anon ,to see your flag bird flap his vans ,where ,i1 to heart's desire1 ,perched him6 ,the chiefs eye flashed2 his plans ,soared up again like fire4 ,the chief's eye flashed2 but presently ,softened itself1 as sheathes ,a film the mother eagle's eye ,when her bruised eaglet breathes2 ,you're wounded6 ,nay1 the soldier's pride ,touched to the quick1 he said3 ,i'm killed1 ,sire6 ,and his chief beside1 ,smiling1 the boy fell dead4 ,,expression3 ,this is a difficult selection to read properly and with spirit and feeling4 ,study each stanza until you understand it thoroughly4 ,practice reading the following passages1 giving the proper emphasis and inflections4 ,you know1 we ,french stormed ,ratisbon4 ,with neck outthrust you fancy how4 ,we've got you ,ratisbon6 ,you're wounded6 ,nay1 ,i'm killed1 ,sire6 ,,word ,,study3 ,napoleon1 ,ratisbon1 ,bavaria1 ,lannes2 anon1 vans1 sheathes1 eaglet1 ,sire4 ,explain3 ,to see your flag bird flap his vans4 ,his plans soared up again like fire4 ,illustration ,,ii4 ,,dog ,,tray#e ,a beggar child ,sat on a quay's edge3 like a bird ,sang to herself at careless play1 ,and fell into the stream4 ,dismay6 ,help1 you standers-by6 ,none stirred4 ,bystanders reason1 think of wives ,and children ere they risk their lives4 ,over the balustrade has bounced ,a mere instinctive dog1 and pounced ,plumb on the prize4 ,how well he dives6 ,up he comes with the child1 see1 tight ,in mouth1 alive1 too1 clutched from quite ,a depth of ten feet--twelve1 ,i bet6 ,good dog6 ,what1 off again8 ,there's yet ,another child to save8 ,all right6 ,how strange we saw no other fall6 ,it's instinct in the animal4 ,good dog6 ,but he's a long time under3 ,if he got drowned1 ,i should not wonder-- ,strong current1 that against the wall6 ,here he comes1 holds in mouth this time --,what may the thing be8 ,well1 that's prime6 ,now1 did you ever8 ,reason reigns ,in man alone1 since all ,tray's pains ,have fished--the child's doll from the slime6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #e3 ,by ,robert ,browning4 ,,expression3 ,read the story silently1 being sure that you understand it clearly4 ,then read each passage aloud1 giving special attention to emphasis and inflections4 ,answer these questions by reading from the poem3 ,where was the child8 ,what did she do8 ,what did some one cry out8 ,why did not the bystanders help8 ,what did the dog do8 ,what did one bystander say8 ,what did another say when the dog came up8 ,what did he say when the dog went back8 ,read correctly3 ,well1 that's prime6 ,now1 did you ever8 ,all right6 ,if he got drowned1 ,i should not wonder4 ,in what respects do these two poems differ from your favorite poems by ,longfellow or ,tennyson8 ,do you think there is much music in them8 ,,the ,,discovery ,,of ,,america#f ,it was on ,friday morning1 the #abth of ,october1 that ,columbus first beheld the ,new ,world4 ,as the day dawned he saw before him a level island1 several leagues in extent1 and covered with trees like a continual orchard4 ,though apparently uncultivated1 it was populous1 for the inhabitants were seen issuing from all parts of the woods and running to the shore4 ,they stood gazing at the ships1 and appeared1 by their attitudes and gestures1 to be lost in astonishment4 ,columbus made signal for the ships to cast anchor and the boats to be manned and armed4 ,he entered his own boat richly attired in scarlet and holding the royal standard2 while ,martin ,alonzo ,pinzon and his brother put off in company in their boats1 each with a banner of the enterprise emblazoned with a green cross1 having on either side the letters ,f and ,y1 the initials of the ,castilian monarchs ,fernando and ,ysabel1 surmounted by crowns4 ,as he approached the shore1 ,columbus1 who was disposed for all kinds of agreeable impressions1 was delighted with the purity and suavity of the atmosphere1 the crystal transparency of the sea1 and the extraordinary beauty of the vegetation4 ,he beheld also fruits of an unknown kind upon the trees which overhung the shores4 ,on landing he threw himself on his knees1 kissed the earth1 and returned thanks to ,god with tears of joy4 ,his example was followed by the rest1 whose hearts indeed overflowed with the same feelings of gratitude4 ,columbus then rising drew his sword1 displayed the royal standard1 and1 assembling round him the two captains and the rest who had landed1 he took solemn possession in the name of the ,castilian sovereigns1 giving the island the name of ,san ,salvador4 ,having complied with the requisite forms and ceremonies1 he called upon all present to take the oath of obedience to him as admiral and viceroy1 representing the persons of the sovereigns4 ,the feelings of the crew now burst forth in the most extravagant transports4 ,they had recently considered themselves devoted men hurrying forward to destruction2 they now looked upon themselves as favorites of fortune and gave themselves up to the most unbounded joy4 ,they thronged around the admiral with overflowing zeal1 some embracing him1 others kissing his hands4 ,those who had been most mutinous and turbulent during the voyage were now most devoted and enthusiastic4 ,some begged favors of him1 as if he had already wealth and honors in his gift4 ,many abject spirits1 who had outraged him by their insolence1 now crouched at his feet1 begging pardon for all the trouble they had caused him and promising the blindest obedience for the future4 ,the natives of the island1 when at the dawn of day they had beheld the ships hovering on their coast1 had supposed them monsters which had issued from the deep during the night4 ,they had crowded to the beach and watched their movements with awful anxiety4 ,their veering about apparently without effort1 and the shifting and furling of their sails1 resembling huge wings1 filled them with astonishment4 ,when they beheld their boats approach the shore1 and a number of strange beings clad in glittering steel1 or raiment of various colors1 landing upon the beach1 they fled in affright to the woods4 ,finding1 however1 that there was no attempt to pursue or molest them1 they gradually recovered from their terror and approached the ,spaniards with great awe1 frequently prostrating themselves on the earth and making signs of adoration4 ,during the ceremonies of taking possession1 they remained gazing in timid admiration at the complexion1 the beards1 the shining armor and splendid dress of the ,spaniards4 ,the admiral particularly attracted their attention1 from his commanding height1 his air of authority1 his dress of scarlet1 and the deference which was paid him by his companions2 all which pointed him out to be the commander4 ,when they had still further recovered from their fears1 they approached the ,spaniards1 touched their beards and examined their hands and faces1 admiring their whiteness4 ,columbus was pleased with their gentleness and confiding simplicity1 and soon won them by his kindly bearing4 ,they now supposed that the ships had sailed out of the crystal firmament which bounded their horizon1 or had descended from above on their ample wings1 and that these marvelous beings were inhabitants of the skies4 ,the natives of the island were no less objects of curiosity to the ,spaniards1 differing as they did from any race of men they had ever seen4 ,their appearance gave no promise of either wealth or civilization1 for they were entirely naked and painted with a variety of colors4 ,with some it was confined merely to a part of the face1 the nose1 or around the eyes2 with others it extended to the whole body and gave them a wild and fantastic appearance4 ,their complexion was of a tawny1 or copper hue1 and they were entirely destitute of beards4 ,their hair was not crisped1 like the recently discovered tribes of the ,african coast1 under the same latitude1 but straight and coarse1 partly cut short above the ears1 but some locks were left long behind and falling upon their shoulders4 ,their features1 though obscured and disfigured by paint1 were agreeable2 they had lofty foreheads and remarkably fine eyes4 ,they were of moderate stature and well shaped4 ,as ,columbus supposed himself to have landed on an island at the extremity of ,india1 he called the natives by the general name of ,indians1 which was universally adopted before the true nature of his discovery was known1 and has since been extended to all the aboriginals of the ,new ,world4 ,the islanders were friendly and gentle4 ,their only arms were lances1 hardened at the end by fire1 or pointed with a flint1 or the teeth or bone of a fish4 ,there was no iron to be seen1 nor did they appear acquainted with its properties2 for1 when a drawn sword was presented to them1 they unguardedly took it by the edge4 ,columbus distributed among them colored caps1 glass beads1 hawks' bells and other trifles1 such as the ,portuguese were accustomed to trade with among the nations of the gold coast of ,africa4 ,they received them eagerly1 hung the beads round their necks1 and were wonderfully pleased with their finery1 and with the sound of the bells4 ,the ,spaniards remained all day on shore refreshing themselves1 after their anxious voyage1 amid the beautiful groves of the island1 and returned on board late in the evening1 delighted with all they had seen4 ,the island where ,columbus had thus1 for the first time1 set his foot upon the ,new ,world1 was called by the natives ,guanahane4 ,it still retains the name of ,san ,salvador1 which he gave to it1 though called by the ,english ,cat ,island4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #f3 ,from ,the ,life and ,voyages of ,christopher ,columbus1 by ,washington ,irving4 ,,the ,,glove ,,and ,,the ,,lions#g ,king ,francis was a hearty king1 and loved a royal sport1 ,and one day as his lions fought1 sat looking on the court2 ,the nobles filled the benches1 with the ladies in their pride1 ,and 'mong them sat the ,count de ,lorge with one for whom he sighed3 ,and truly 'twas a gallant thing to see that crowning show1 ,valor1 and love1 and a king above1 and the royal beasts below4 ,ramped and roared the lions1 with horrid laughing jaws2 ,they bit1 they glared1 gave blows like beams1 a wind went with their paws2 ,with wallowing might and stifled roar they rolled on one another1 ,till all the pit with sand and mane was in a thundrous smother2 ,the bloody foam above the bars came whisking through the air2 ,said ,francis then1 ,faith1 gentlemen1 we're better here than there4 ,illustration3 ,the ,glove and the ,lions4 ,de ,lorge's love o'erheard the ,king1--a beauteous lively dame ,with smiling lips and sharp1 bright eyes1 which always seemed the same3 ,she thought1 ,the ,count1 my lover1 is brave as brave can be2 ,he surely would do wondrous things to show his love of me2 ,king1 ladies1 lovers1 all look on2 the occasion is divine2 ,i'll drop my glove1 to prove his love2 great glory will be mine4 ,she dropped her glove1 to prove his love1 then looked at him and smiled2 ,he bowed1 and in a moment leaped among the lions wild3 ,his leap was quick1 return was quick1 he has regained his place1 ,then threw the glove1 but not with love1 right in the lady's face4 ,well done6 cried ,francis1 bravely done6 and he rose from where he sat3 ,no love1 quoth he1 but vanity1 sets love a task like that4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #g3 ,by ,leigh ,hunt1 an ,english essayist and poet 7#aghd-ahei74 ,,expression3 ,read this poem silently1 trying to understand fully the circumstances of the story3 7#a7 the time2 7#b7 the place2 7#c7 the character of the leading actors4 ,then read aloud each stanza with feeling and expression4 ,,st4 ,,francis1 ,,the ,,gentle#h ,seven hundred years ago1 ,francis the gentlest of the saints was born in ,assisi1 the quaint ,umbrian town among the rocks2 and for twenty years and more he cherished but one thought1 and one desire1 and one hope2 and these were that he might lead the beautiful and holy and sorrowful life which our ,master lived on earth1 and that in every way he might resemble ,him in the purity and loveliness of his humanity4 ,not to men alone but to all living things on earth and air and water was ,st4 ,francis most gracious and loving4 ,they were all his little brothers and sisters1 and he forgot them not1 still less scorned or slighted them1 but spoke to them often and blessed them1 and in return they showed him great love and sought to be of his fellowship4 ,he bade his companions keep plots of ground for their little sisters the flowers1 and to these lovely and speechless creatures he spoke1 with no great fear that they would not understand his words4 ,and all this was a marvelous thing in a cruel time1 when human life was accounted of slight worth by fierce barons and ruffling marauders4 ,for the bees he set honey and wine in the winter1 lest they should feel the nip of the cold too keenly2 and bread for the birds1 that they all1 but especially my brother ,lark1 should have joy of ,christmastide1 and at ,rieti a brood of redbreasts were the guests of the house and raided the tables while the brethren were at meals2 and when a youth gave ,st4 ,francis the turtledoves he had snared1 the ,saint had nests made for them1 and there they laid their eggs and hatched them1 and fed from the hands of the brethren4 ,out of affection a fisherman once gave him a great tench1 but he put it back into the clear water of the lake1 bidding it love ,god2 and the fish played about the boat till ,st4 ,francis blessed it and bade it go4 ,why dost thou torment my little brothers the ,lambs1 he asked of a shepherd1 carrying them bound thus and hanging from a staff1 so that they cry piteously8 ,and in exchange for the lambs he gave the shepherd his cloak4 ,and at another time seeing amid a flock of goats one white lamb feeding1 he was concerned that he had nothing but his brown robe to offer for it 7for it reminded him of our ,lord among the ,pharisees72 but a merchant came up and paid for it and gave it him1 and he took it with him to the city and preached about it so that the hearts of those hearing him were melted4 ,afterwards the lamb was left in the care of a convent of holy women1 and to the ,saint's great delight1 these wove him a gown of the lamb's innocent wool4 ,fain would ,i tell of the coneys that took refuge in the folds of his habit1 and of the swifts which flew screaming in their glee while he was preaching2 but now it is time to speak of the sermon which he preached to a great multitude of birds in a field by the roadside1 when he was on his way to ,bevagno4 ,down from the trees flew the birds to hear him1 and they nestled in the grassy bosom of the field1 and listened till he had done4 ,and these were the words he spoke to them3-- ,little birds1 little sisters mine1 much are you holden to ,god your ,creator2 and at all times and in every place you ought to praise ,him4 ,freedom ,he has given you to fly everywhere2 and raiment ,he has given you1 double and threefold4 ,more than this1 ,he preserved your kind in the ,ark1 so that your race might not come to an end4 ,still more do you owe ,him for the element of air1 which ,he has made your portion4 ,over and above1 you sow not1 neither do you reap2 but ,god feeds you1 and gives you streams and springs for your thirst2 the mountains ,he gives you1 and the valleys for your refuge1 and the tall trees wherein to build your nests4 ,and because you cannot sew or spin1 ,god takes thought to clothe you1 you and your little ones4 ,it must be1 then1 that your ,creator loves you much1 since ,he has granted you so many benefits4 ,be on your guard then against the sin of ingratitude1 and strive always to give ,god praise4 ,and when the ,saint ceased speaking1 the birds made such signs as they might1 by spreading their wings and opening their beaks1 to show their love and pleasure2 and when he had blessed them with the sign of the cross1 they sprang up1 and singing songs of unspeakable sweetness1 away they streamed in a great cross to the four quarters of heaven4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #h3 ,by ,william ,canton1 an ,english journalist and poet 7#ahde- 74 ,,the ,,sermon ,,of ,,st4 ,,francis#i ,up soared the lark into the air1 ,a shaft of song1 a winged prayer1 ,as if a soul1 released from pain1 ,were flying back to heaven again4 ,st4 ,francis heard2 it was to him ,an emblem of the ,seraphim2 ,the upward motion of the fire1 ,the light1 the heat1 the heart's desire4 ,around ,assisi's convent gate ,the birds1 ,god's poor who cannot wait1 ,from moor and mere and darksome wood1 ,came flocking for their dole of food4 ,o brother birds1 ,st4 ,francis said1 ,ye come to me and ask for bread1 ,but not with bread alone to-day ,shall ye be fed and sent away4 ,ye shall be fed1 ye happy birds1 ,with manna of celestial words2 ,not mine1 though mine they seem to be1 ,not mine1 though they be spoken through me4 ,oh1 doubly are ye bound to praise ,the great creator in your lays2 ,he giveth you your plumes of down1 ,your crimson hoods1 your cloaks of brown4 ,he giveth you your wings to fly ,and breathe a purer air on high1 ,and careth for you everywhere ,who for yourselves so little care4 ,with flutter of swift wings and songs ,together rose the feathered throngs ,and1 singing1 scattered far apart2 ,deep peace was in ,st4 ,francis' heart4 ,he knew not if the brotherhood ,his homily had understood2 ,he only knew that to one ear ,the meaning of his words was clear4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #i3 ,by ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow4 ,,expression3 ,talk with your teacher about the life1 work1 and influence of ,st4 ,francis4 ,refer to cyclopedias for information4 ,read aloud the prose version of his sermon to the birds2 the poetical version4 ,compare the two versions4 ,what is said in one that is not said in the other8 ,,in ,,the ,,woods#aj ,years ago1 when quite a youth1 ,i was rambling in the woods one day with my brothers1 gathering black birch and wintergreens4 ,as we lay upon the ground1 gazing vaguely up into the trees1 ,i caught sight of a bird1 the like of which ,i had never before seen or heard of4 ,it was the blue yellow-backed warbler1 which ,i have found since2 but to my young fancy it seemed like some fairy bird1 so curiously marked was it1 and so new and unexpected4 ,i saw it a moment as the flickering leaves parted1 noted the white spot on its wing1 and it was gone4 ,it was a revelation4 ,it was the first intimation ,i had had that the woods we knew so well held birds that we knew not at all4 ,were our eyes and ears so dull8 ,did we pass by the beautiful things in nature without seeing them8 ,had we been blind then8 ,there were the robin1 the bluejay1 the yellowbird1 and others familiar to every one2 but who ever dreamed that there were still others that not even the hunters saw1 and whose names few had ever heard8 ,the surprise that awaits every close observer of birds1 the thrill of delight that accompanies it1 and the feeling of fresh eager inquiry that follows can hardly be awakened by any other pursuit4 ,there is a fascination about it quite overpowering4 ,it fits so well with other things--with fishing1 hunting1 farming1 walking1 camping out--with all that takes one to the fields and the woods4 ,one may go blackberrying and make some rare discovery2 or1 while driving his cow to pasture1 hear a new song1 or make a new observation4 ,secrets lurk on all sides4 ,there is news in every bush4 ,expectation is ever on tiptoe4 ,what no man ever saw may the next moment be revealed to you4 ,what a new interest this gives to the woods6 ,how you long to explore every nook and corner of them6 ,one must taste it to understand4 ,the looker-on sees nothing to make such a fuss about4 ,only a little glimpse of feathers and a half-musical note or two--why all this ado8 ,it is not the mere knowledge of birds that you get1 but a new interest in the fields and woods1 the air1 the sunshine1 the healing fragrance and coolness1 and the getting away from the worry of life4 ,yesterday was an ,october day of rare brightness and warmth4 ,i spent the most of it in a wild1 wooded gorge of ,rock ,creek4 ,a tree which stood upon the bank had dropped some of its fruit in the water4 ,as ,i stood there1 half-leg deep1 a wood duck came flying down the creek4 ,presently it returned1 flying up2 then it came back again1 and sweeping low around a bend1 prepared to alight in a still1 dark reach in the creek which was hidden from my view4 ,as ,i passed that way about half an hour afterward1 the duck started up1 uttering its wild alarm note4 ,in the stillness ,i could hear the whistle of its wings and the splash of the water when it took flight4 ,near by ,i saw where a raccoon had come down to the water for fresh clams1 leaving its long1 sharp track in the mud and sand4 ,before ,i had passed this hidden stretch of water1 a pair of strange thrushes flew up from the ground and perched on a low branch4 ,who can tell how much this duck1 this footprint on the sand1 and these strange thrushes from the far ,north enhanced the interest and charm of the autumn woods8 ,birds cannot be learned satisfactorily from books4 ,the satisfaction is in learning them from nature4 ,one must have an original experience with the birds4 ,the books are only the guide1 the invitation4 ,but let me say in the same breath that the books can by no manner of means be dispensed with4 ,in the beginning one finds it very difficult to identify a bird in any verbal description4 ,first find your bird2 observe its ways1 its song1 its calls1 its flight1 its haunts4 ,then compare with your book4 ,in this way the feathered kingdom may soon be conquered4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #aj3 ,by ,john ,burroughs1 an ,american writer on nature 7#ahcg- 74 ,,expression3 ,this and the selection which follows are fine examples of descriptive writing4 ,read them so that your hearers will understand every statement clearly and without special effort on their part4 ,talk about the various objects that are mentioned1 and tell what you have learned about them from other sources4 ,,bees ,,and ,,flowers#aa ,fancy yourself to be in a pretty country garden on a hot summer's morning4 ,perhaps you have been walking1 or reading1 or playing1 but it is getting too hot now to do anything4 ,so you have chosen the shadiest nook under the walnut tree1 close to some pretty flower bed4 ,as you lie there you notice a gentle buzzing near you1 and you see that on the flower bed close by several bees are working busily among the flowers4 ,they do not seem to mind the heat1 nor do they wish to rest2 and they fly so lightly1 and look so happy over their work1 that it is pleasant to watch them4 ,that great bumblebee takes it leisurely enough as she goes lumbering along1 poking her head into the larkspurs2 she remains so long in each that you might almost think she had fallen asleep4 ,the brown hive-bee1 on the other hand1 moves busily and quickly among the stocks1 sweet peas1 and mignonette4 ,she is evidently out on active duty1 and means to get all she can from each flower1 so as to carry a good load back to the hive4 ,in some blossoms she does not stay a moment1 but draws her head back almost as soon as she has popped it in1 as if to say1 ,no honey there4 ,but over other flowers she lingers a little1 and then scrambles out again with her drop of honey1 and goes off to seek more4 ,let us watch her a little more closely4 ,there are many different plants growing in the flower bed1 but1 curiously enough1 she does not go first to one kind and then to another1 but keeps to one the whole time4 ,now she flies away4 ,rouse yourself to follow her1 and you will see she takes her way back to the hive4 ,we all know why she makes so many journeys between the garden and the hive1 and that she is collecting drops of nectar from the flowers and carrying it to the hive to be stored up in the honeycomb for the winter's food4 ,when she comes back again to the garden1 we will follow her in her work among the flowers1 and see what she is doing for them in return for their gifts to her4 ,no doubt you have already learned that plants can make better and stronger seeds when they can get the pollen dust from other plants4 ,but ,i am sure that you will be very much surprised to hear that the colors1 the scent1 and the curious shapes of the flowers are all so many baits to attract insects4 ,and for what reason8 ,in order that the insects may come and carry the pollen dust from one plant to another4 ,so far as we know1 it is entirely for this purpose that the plants form honey in different parts of the flower4 ,this food they prepare for the insects1 and then they have all sorts of contrivances to entice the little creatures to come and get it4 ,the plants hang out gay-colored signs1 as much as to say3-- ,come to me1 and ,i will give you honey1 if you will bring me pollen dust in exchange4 ,if you watch the different kinds of grasses1 sedges1 and rushes1 which have such tiny flowers that you can scarcely see them1 you will find that no insects visit them4 ,neither will you ever find bees buzzing round oak trees1 elms1 or birches4 ,but on the pretty and sweet-smelling apple blossoms you will find bees1 wasps1 and other insects4 ,the reason of this is that grasses1 sedges1 rushes1 and oak trees have a great deal of pollen dust4 ,as the wind blows them to and fro it wafts the dust from one flower to another4 ,and so these plants do not need to give out honey1 or to have gaudy or sweet-scented flowers to attract insects4 ,but the brilliant poppy1 the large-flowered hollyhock1 the flaunting dandelion1 and the bright blue forget-me-not1--all these are visited by insects1 which easily catch sight of them and hasten to sip their honey4 ,we must not forget what the fragrance of the flowers can do4 ,have you ever noticed the delicious odor which comes from beds of mignonette1 mint1 or sweet alyssum8 ,these plants have found another way of attracting the insects2 they have no need of bright colors1 for their fragrance is quite as true and certain a guide4 ,you will be surprised if you once begin to count them up1 how many dull-looking flowers are sweet-scented1 while some gaudy flowers have little or no scent4 ,still we find some flowers1 like the beautiful lily1 the lovely rose1 and the delicate hyacinth1 which have color and fragrance and graceful shapes all combined4 ,but there are still other ways by which flowers secure the visits of insects4 ,have you not observed that different flowers open and close at different times8 ,the daisy receives its name day's eye because it opens at sunrise and closes at sunset1 while the evening primrose spreads out its flowers just as the daisy is going to bed4 ,what do you think is the reason of this8 ,if you go near a bed of evening primroses just when the sun is setting1 you will soon be able to guess4 ,they will then give out such a sweet odor that you will not doubt for a moment that they are calling the evening moths to come and visit them4 ,the daisy1 however1 opens by day and is therefore visited by day insects4 ,again1 some flowers close whenever rain is coming4 ,look at the daisies when a storm is threatening4 ,as the sky grows dark and heavy1 you will see them shrink and close till the sun shines again4 ,they do this because in the center of the flower there is a drop of honey which would be spoiled if it were washed by the rain4 ,and now you will see why the cup-shaped flowers so often droop their heads1--think of the snowdrop1 the lily-of-the-valley1 and a host of others4 ,how pretty they look with their bells hanging so modestly from the slender stalk6 ,they are bending down to protect the honey within their cups4 ,we are gradually learning that everything which a plant does has its meaning1 if we can only find it out4 ,and when we are aware of this1 a flower garden may become a new world to us if we open our eyes to all that is going on in it4 ,and so we learn that even among insects and flowers1 those who do most for others receive most in return4 ,the bee and the flower do not reason about the matter2 they only live their little lives as nature guides them1 helping and improving each other4 ,i have been able to tell you but very little about the hidden work that is going on around us1 and you must not for a moment imagine that we have fully explored the fairy land of nature4 ,but at least we have passed through the gates1 and have learned that there is a world of wonder which we may visit if we will4 ,and it lies quite close to us1 hidden in every dewdrop and gust of wind1 in every brook and valley1 in every little plant and animal4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #aa3 ,from ,the ,fairy ,land of ,nature1 by ,arabella ,b4 ,buckley4 ,,expression3 ,make a list of all the natural objects that are mentioned in this selection4 ,read what is said of each4 ,describe as many of them as you can in your own words4 ,tell what you have observed about bees and flowers4 ,the daisy that is referred to is the true ,european daisy4 ,the daisy1 or whiteweed1 of the ,united ,states does not open and close in the manner here described4 ,,song ,,of ,,the ,,river#ab ,a river went singing a-down to the sea1 ,a-singing--low--singing-- ,and the dim rippling river said softly to me1 ,i'm bringing1 a-bringing-- ,while floating along-- ,a beautiful song ,to the shores that are white where the waves are so weary1 ,to the beach that is burdened with wrecks that are dreary4 ,a song sweet and calm ,as the peacefullest psalm2 ,and the shore that was sad ,will be grateful and glad1 ,and the weariest wave from its dreariest dream ,will wake to the sound of the song of the stream2 ,and the tempests shall cease ,and there shall be peace4 ,from the fairest of fountains ,and farthest of mountains1 ,from the stillness of snow ,came the stream in its flow4 ,down the slopes where the rocks are gray1 ,through the vales where the flowers are fair-- ,where the sunlight flashed--where the shadows lay ,like stories that cloud a face of care1 ,the river ran on--and on--and on1 ,day and night1 and night and day4 ,going and going1 and never gone1 ,longing to flow to the far away4 ,staying and staying1 and never still1-- ,going and staying1 as if one will ,said1 ,beautiful river1 go to the sea1 ,and another will whispered1 ,stay with me-- ,and the river made answer1 soft and low1 ,i go and stay--,i stay and go4 ,but what is the song8 ,i said at last ,to the passing river that never passed2 ,and a white1 white wave whispered1 ,list to me1 ,i'm a note in the song for the beautiful sea1 ,a song whose grand accents no earth din may sever1 ,and the river flows on in the same mystic key ,that blends in one chord the 'forever and never4' ,footnote #ab3 ,by ,abram ,j4 ,ryan1 an ,american clergyman and poet4 ,,expression3 ,read aloud the three lines which introduce the song of the river4 ,read them in such a manner as to call up a mental picture of the river on its way to the sea4 ,read the first five lines of the third stanza in a similar way1 and tell what picture is now called up in your mind4 ,now read the river's song4 ,read what the white wave said4 ,read the whole poem with spirit and feeling4 ,notice the words a-down1 a-singing1 a-bringing4 ,what effect is produced by the use of these unusual forms8 ,,song ,,of ,,the ,,chattahoochee#ac ,out of the hills of ,habersham1 ,down the valleys of ,hall1 ,i hurry amain to reach the plain1 ,run the rapid and leap the fall1 ,split at the rock and together again1 ,accept my bed or narrow or wide1 ,and flee from folly on every side ,with a lover's pain to attain the plain ,far from the hills of ,habersham1 ,far from the valleys of ,hall4 ,all down the hills of ,habersham1 ,all through the valleys of ,hall1 ,the rushes cried1 ,abide1 abide1 ,the willful waterweeds held me thrall1 ,the loving laurel turned my tide1 ,the ferns and the fondling grass said1 ,stay1 ,the dewberry dipped for to work delay1 ,and the little reeds sighed1 ,abide1 abide1 ,here in the hills of ,habersham1 ,here in the valleys of ,hall4 ,high o'er the hills of ,habersham1 ,veiling the valleys of ,hall1 ,the hickory told me manifold ,fair tales of shade2 the poplar tall ,wrought me her shadowy self to hold2 ,the chestnut1 the oak1 the walnut1 the pine1 ,overleaning1 with flickering meaning and sign1 ,said1 ,pass not so cold1 these manifold ,deep shades of the hills of ,habersham1 ,these glades in the valleys of ,hall4 ,and oft in the hills of ,habersham1 ,and oft in the valleys of ,hall1 ,the white quartz shone1 and the smooth brook stone ,did bar me of passage with friendly brawl2 ,and many a luminous jewel lone 7,crystals clear or a-cloud with mist1 ,ruby1 garnet1 or amethyst7 ,made lures with the lights of streaming stone ,in the clefts of the hills of ,habersham1 ,in the beds of the valleys of ,hall4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ac3 ,by ,sidney ,lanier1 an ,american musician and poet 7#ahdb-ahha74 ,from the ,poems of ,sidney ,lanier1 published by ,charles ,scribner's ,sons4 ,,expression3 ,compare this poem with the one which precedes it4 ,compare them both with ,tennyson's ,song of the ,brook 7,fifth ,reader1 p4 #bdi74 ,which is the most musical8 ,which is the best simply as a description8 ,make a list of the unusual words in this last poem1 and refer to the dictionary for their meaning4 ,in what state is the ,chattahoochee ,river8 ,habersham and ,hall are the names of two counties in the same state4 ,if you have access to a library1 find ,southey's poem1 ,the ,cataract of ,lodore1 and read it aloud4 ,,war ,,and ,,peace ,i4 ,,war ,,as ,,the ,,mother ,,of ,,valor ,,and ,,civilization#ad ,we still hear war extolled at times as the mother of valor and the prime agency in the world's advancement4 ,by it1 we are told1 civilization has spread and nations have been created1 slavery has been abolished and the ,american ,union preserved4 ,it is even held that without war human progress would have been impossible4 ,the answer3 ,men were at first savages who preyed upon each other like wild beasts1 and so they developed a physical courage which they shared with the brutes4 ,moral courage was unknown to them4 ,war was almost their sole occupation4 ,peace existed only for short periods that tribes might regain strength to resume the sacred duty of killing each other4 ,advancement in civilization was impossible while war reigned4 ,only as wars became less frequent and long intervals of peace supervened could civilization1 the mother of true heroism1 take root4 ,civilization has advanced just as war has receded1 until in our day peace has become the rule and war the exception4 ,arbitration of international disputes grows more and more in favor4 ,successive generations of men now live and die without seeing war2 and instead of the army and navy furnishing the only careers worthy of gentlemen1 it is with difficulty that civilized nations can to-day obtain a sufficient supply of either officers or men4 ,in the past1 man's only method for removing obstacles and attaining desired ends was to use brute courage4 ,the advance of civilization has developed moral courage4 ,we use more beneficent means than men did of old4 ,britain in the eighteenth century used force to prevent ,american independence4 ,in more recent times she graciously grants ,canada the rights denied ,america4 ,the ,united ,states also receives an award of the powers against ,china1 and1 finding it in excess of her expenditures1 in the spirit of newer time1 returns ten million dollars4 ,won by this act of justice1 ,china devotes the sum to the education of ,chinese students in the republic's universities4 ,the greatest force is no longer that of brutal war1 but the supreme force of gentlemen and generosity--the golden rule4 ,the pen is rapidly superseding the sword4 ,arbitration is banishing war4 ,more than five hundred international disputes have already been peacefully settled4 ,civilization1 not barbarism1 is the mother of true heroism4 ,our lately departed poet and disciple of peace1 ,richard ,watson ,gilder1 has left us the answer to the false idea that brute force employed against our fellows ranks with heroic moral courage exerted to save or serve them3-- ',twas said3 ,when roll of drum and battle's roar ,shall cease upon the earth1 oh1 then no more ,the deed1 the race1 of heroes in the land4 ,but scarce that word was breathed when one small hand ,lifted victorious o'er a giant wrong ,that had its victims crushed through ages long2 ,some woman set her pale and quivering face1 ,firm as a rock1 against a man's disgrace2 ,a little child suffered in silence lest ,his savage pain should wound a mother's breast2 ,some quiet scholar flung his gauntlet down ,and risked1 in ,truth's great name1 the synod's frown2 ,a civic hero1 in the calm realm of laws1 ,did that which suddenly drew a world's applause2 ,and one to the pest his lithe young body gave ,that he a thousand thousand lives might save4 ,on the field of carnage men lose all human instincts in the struggle to protect themselves4 ,the true heroism inspired by moral courage prompts firemen1 policemen1 sailors1 miners1 and others to volunteer and risk their lives to save the lives of their fellowmen4 ,such heroism is now of everyday occurrence4 ,in our age there is no more reason for permitting war between civilized nations than for relaxing the reign of law within nations1 which compels men to submit their personal disputes to peaceful courts1 and never dreams that by so doing they will be made less heroic4444 ,when war ceases1 the sense of human brotherhood will be strengthened and heroism will no longer mean to kill1 but only to serve or save our fellows4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ad3 ,by ,andrew ,carnegie1 a ,scottish-,american manufacturer and philanthropist 7#ahcg- 74 ,,ii4 ,,friendship ,,among ,,nations#ae ,let us suppose that four centuries ago some far-seeing prophet dared to predict to the duchies composing the kingdom of ,france that the day would come when they would no longer make war upon each other4 ,let us suppose him saying3-- ,you will have many disputes to settle1 interests to contend for1 difficulties to resolve2 but do you know what you will select instead of armed men1 instead of cavalry1 and infantry1 of cannon1 lances1 pikes1 and swords8 ,you will select1 instead of all this destructive array1 a small box of wood1 which you will term a ballot-box1 and from what shall issue--what8 ,an assembly--an assembly in which you shall all live2 an assembly which shall be1 as it were1 the soul of all2 a supreme and popular council1 which shall decide1 judge1 resolve everything2 which shall say to each1 ',here terminates your right1 there commences your duty3 lay down your arms6' ,and in that day you will all have one common thought1 common interests1 a common destiny2 you will embrace each other1 and recognize each other as children of the same blood and of the same race2 that day you shall no longer be hostile tribes--you will be a people2 you will be no longer merely ,burgundy1 ,normandy1 ,brittany1 ,provence--you will be ,france6 ,you will no longer make appeals to war2 you will do so to civilization4 ,if1 at that period ,i speak of1 some one had uttered these words1 all men would have cried out3 ,what a dreamer6 what a dream6 ,how little this pretended prophet is acquainted with the human heart6 ,yet time has gone on and on1 and we find that this dream has been realized4 ,well1 then1 at this moment we who are assembled here say to ,france1 to ,england1 to ,spain1 to ,italy1 to ,russia3 ,a day will come1 when from your hands also the arms they have grasped shall fall4 ,a day will come1 when war shall appear as impossible1 and will be as impossible1 between ,paris and ,london1 between ,st4 ,petersburg and ,berlin1 as it is now between ,rouen and ,amiens1 between ,boston and ,philadelphia4 ,a day will come1 when you1 ,france2 you1 ,russia2 you1 ,italy2 you1 ,england2 you1 ,germany2 all of you nations of the continent1 shall1 without losing your distinctive qualities and your glorious individuality1 be blended into a superior unity1 and shall constitute an ,european fraternity1 just as ,normandy1 ,brittany1 ,burgundy1 ,lorraine1 have been blended into ,france4 ,a day will come when the only battle field shall be the market open to commerce1 and the mind open to new ideas4 ,a day will come when bullets and shells shall be replaced by votes1 by the universal suffrage of nations1 by the arbitration of a great sovereign senate4 ,nor is it necessary for four hundred years to pass away for that day to come4 ,we live in a period in which a year often suffices to do the work of a century4 ,suppose that the people of ,europe1 instead of mistrusting each other1 entertaining jealousy of each other1 hating each other1 become fast friends2 suppose they say that before they are ,french or ,english or ,german they are men1 and that if nations form countries1 human kind forms a family4 ,suppose that the enormous sums spent in maintaining armies should be spent in acts of mutual confidence4 ,suppose that the millions that are lavished on hatred1 were bestowed on love1 given to peace instead of war1 given to labor1 to intelligence1 to industry1 to commerce1 to navigation1 to agriculture1 to science1 to art4 ,if this enormous sum were expended in this manner1 know you what would happen8 ,the face of the world would be changed4 ,isthmuses would be cut through4 ,railroads would cover the continents2 the merchant navy of the globe would be increased a hundredfold4 ,there would be nowhere barren plains nor moors nor marshes4 ,cities would be found where now there are only deserts4 ,asia would be rescued to civilization2 ,africa would be rescued to man2 abundance would gush forth on every side1 from every vein of the earth at the touch of man1 like the living stream from the rock beneath the rod of ,moses4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ae3 ,by ,victor ,hugo1 a celebrated ,french writer 7#ahjb-ahhe74 ,,iii4 ,,soldier1 ,,rest#af ,soldier1 rest6 thy warfare o'er1 ,sleep the sleep that knows not breaking2 ,dream of battled fields no more1 ,days of danger1 nights of waking4 ,in our isle's enchanted hall1 ,hands unseen thy couch are strewing1 ,fairy strains of music fall1 ,every sense in slumber dewing4 ,soldier1 rest6 thy warfare o'er1 ,dream of fighting fields no more2 ,sleep the sleep that knows not breaking1 ,morn of toil nor night of waking4 ,no rude sound shall reach thine ear1 ,armor's clang1 or war steed champing1 ,trump nor pibroch summon here ,mustering clan or squadron tramping4 ,yet the lark's shrill fife may come ,at the daybreak from the fallow1 ,and the bittern sound his drum1 ,booming from the sedgy shallow4 ,ruder sounds shall none be near1 ,guards nor warders challenge here1 ,here's no war steed's neigh and champing1 ,shouting clans1 or squadrons stamping4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #af3 ,by ,sir ,walter ,scott1 a ,scottish novelist and poet 7#agga-ahcb74 ,,iv4 ,,the ,,soldier',s ,,dream#ag ,our bugles sang truce1 for the night cloud had lowered1 ,and the sentinel stars set their watch in the sky2 ,and thousands had sunk on the ground overpowered1 ,the weary to sleep1 and the wounded to die4 ,when reposing that night on my pallet of straw1 ,by the wolf-scaring fagot that guarded the slain2 ,at the dead of the night a sweet vision ,i saw1 ,and thrice ere the morning ,i dreamt it again4 ,methought from the battle field's dreadful array1 ,far1 far ,i had roamed on a desolate track2 ',twas autumn1 and sunshine arose on the way ,to the home of my fathers1 that welcomed me back4 ,i flew to the pleasant fields traversed so oft ,in life's morning march1 when my bosom was young2 ,i heard my own mountain goats bleating aloft1 ,and knew the sweet strain that the corn reapers sung4 ,then pledged we the wine cup1 and fondly ,i swore ,from my home and my weeping friends never to part2 ,my little ones kissed me a thousand times o'er1 ,and my wife sobbed aloud in her fullness of heart4 ,stay1 stay with us--rest1 thou art weary and worn2 ,and fain was their war-broken soldier to stay2 ,but sorrow returned with the dawning of morn1 ,and the voice in my dreaming ear melted away4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ag3 ,by ,thomas ,campbell1 a ,scottish poet 7#aggg-ahdd74 ,v4 ,,how ,,sleep ,,the ,,brave#ah ,how sleep the brave who sink to rest ,by all their country's wishes blest6 ,when ,spring1 with dewy fingers cold1 ,returns to deck their hallowed mold1 ,she there shall dress a sweeter sod ,than ,fancy's feet have ever trod4 ,by fairy hands their knell is rung1 ,by forms unseen their dirge is sung3 ,there ,honor comes1 a pilgrim gray1 ,to bless the turf that wraps their clay1 ,and ,freedom shall awhile repair ,to dwell a weeping hermit there4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ah3 ,by ,william ,collins1 an ,english poet 7#agba-agei74 ,,expression3 ,which one of these three poems requires to be read with most spirit and enthusiasm8 ,which is the most pathetic8 ,which is the most musical8 ,which calls up the most pleasing mental pictures8 ,talk with your teacher about the three authors of these poems1 and learn all you can about their lives and writings4 ,,early ,,times ,,in ,,new ,,york4#ai ,in those good old days of simplicity and sunshine1 a passion for cleanliness was the leading principle in domestic economy1 and the universal test of an able housewife4 ,the front door was never opened1 except for marriages1 funerals1 ,new ,year's ,day1 the festival of ,st4 ,nicholas1 or some such great occasion4 ,it was ornamented with a gorgeous brass knocker1 which was curiously wrought1--sometimes in the device of a dog1 and sometimes in that of a lion's head1--and daily burnished with such religious zeal that it was often worn out by the very precautions taken for its preservation4 ,the whole house was constantly in a state of inundation1 under the discipline of mops and brooms and scrubbing brushes2 and the good housewives of those days were a kind of amphibious animal1 delighting exceedingly to be dabbling in water1--insomuch that an historian of the day gravely tells us that many of his townswomen grew to have webbed fingers1 like unto ducks4 ,the grand parlor was the sanctum sanctorum1 where the passion for cleaning was indulged without control4 ,no one was permitted to enter this sacred apartment1 except the mistress and her confidential maid1 who visited it once a week for the purpose of giving it a thorough cleaning4 ,on these occasions they always took the precaution of leaving their shoes at the door1 and entering devoutly in their stocking feet4 ,after scrubbing the floor1 sprinkling it with fine white sand1--which was curiously stroked with a broom into angles and curves and rhomboids1--after washing the windows1 rubbing and polishing the furniture1 and putting a new branch of evergreens in the fireplace1 the windows were again closed to keep out the flies1 and the room was kept carefully locked1 until the revolution of time brought round the weekly cleaning day4 ,as to the family1 they always entered in at the gate1 and generally lived in the kitchen4 ,to have seen a numerous household assembled round the fire1 one would have imagined that he was transported to those happy days of primeval simplicity which float before our imaginations like golden visions4 ,the fireplaces were of a truly patriarchal magnitude1 where the whole family1 old and young1 master and servant1 black and white1--nay1 even the very cat and dog1--enjoyed a community of privilege1 and had each a right to a corner4 ,here the old burgher would sit in perfect silence1 puffing his pipe1 looking in the fire with half-shut eyes1 and thinking of nothing1 for hours together2 the good wife1 on the opposite side1 would employ herself diligently in spinning yarn or knitting stockings4 ,the young folks would crowd around the hearth1 listening with breathless attention to some old crone of a negro1 who was the oracle of the family1 and who1 perched like a raven in a corner of the chimney1 would croak forth1 for a long winter afternoon1 a string of incredible stories about ,new ,england witches1 grisly ghosts1 and bloody encounters among ,indians4 ,in those happy days1 fashionable parties were generally confined to the higher classes1 or noblesse2 that is to say1 such as kept their own cows1 and drove their own wagons4 ,the company usually assembled at three o'clock1 and went away about six1 unless it was in winter time1 when the fashionable hours were a little earlier1 that the ladies might reach home before dark4 ,the tea table was crowned with a huge earthen dish1 well stored with slices of fat pork1 fried brown1 cut up into morsels1 and swimming in gravy4 ,the company seated round the genial board1 evinced their dexterity in launching their forks at the fattest pieces in this mighty dish1--in much the same manner that sailors harpoon porpoises at sea1 or our ,indians spear salmon in the lakes4 ,sometimes the table was graced with immense apple pies1 or saucers full of preserved peaches and pears2 but it was always sure to boast an enormous dish of balls of sweetened dough1 fried in hog's fat and called doughnuts or olykoeks1 a delicious kind of cake1 at present little known in this city1 except in genuine ,dutch families4 ,the tea was served out of a majestic ,delft teapot1 ornamented with paintings of fat little ,dutch shepherds and shepherdesses tending pigs1--with boats sailing in the air1 and houses built in the clouds1 and sundry other ingenious ,dutch fancies4 ,the beaux distinguished themselves by their adroitness in replenishing this pot from a huge copper teakettle4 ,to sweeten the beverage1 a lump of sugar was laid beside each cup1 and the company alternately nibbled and sipped with great decorum2 until an improvement was introduced by a shrewd and economic old lady1 which was to suspend1 by a string from the ceiling1 a large lump directly over the tea table1 so that it could be swung from mouth to mouth4 ,at these primitive tea parties1 the utmost propriety and dignity prevailed1--no flirting nor coquetting2 no romping of young ladies2 no self-satisfied struttings of wealthy gentlemen1 with their brains in their pockets1 nor amusing conceits and monkey divertisements of smart young gentlemen1 with no brains at all4 ,on the contrary1 the young ladies seated themselves demurely in their rush-bottomed chairs1 and knit their own woolen stockings2 nor ever opened their lips1 excepting to say ,yah1 ,mynheer1 or ,yah1 yah1 ,vrouw1 to any question that was asked them2 behaving in all things like decent1 well-educated damsels4 ,as to the gentlemen1 each of them tranquilly smoked his pipe1 and seemed lost in contemplation of the blue and white tiles with which the fireplaces were decorated2 wherein sundry passages of ,scripture were piously portrayed4 ,tobit and his dog figured to great advantage2 ,haman swung conspicuously on his gibbet2 and ,jonah appeared most manfully leaping from the whale's mouth1 like ,harlequin through a barrel of fire4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ai3 ,from ,diedrich ,knickerbocker's1 ,history of ,new ,york1 by ,washington ,irving4 ,,notes3 ,more than two hundred and fifty years have passed since the good old days described in this selection4 ,new ,york in #affj was a small place4 ,it was called ,new ,amsterdam1 and its inhabitants were chiefly ,dutch people from ,holland4 ,knickerbocker's ,history of ,new ,york gives a delightfully humorous account of those early times4 ,the festival of ,st4 ,nicholas occurs on ,december #f1 and with the ,dutch colonists was equivalent to our ,christmas4 ,,word ,,study3 sanctum sanctorum1 a ,latin expression meaning holy of holies1 a most sacred place4 noblesse1 persons of high rank4 olykoeks 77ol y cooks71 doughnuts1 or crullers4 ,mynheer 7min har71 sir1 ,mr4 ,vrouw 7vrou71 madam1 lady4 ,tobit1 a pious man of ancient times whose story is related in ,the ,book of ,tobit4 ,haman 7ha man71 the prime minister of the king of ,babylon1 who was hanged on a gibbet which he had prepared for another4 ,see ,the ,book of ,esther4 ,har le quin1 a clown well known in ,italian comedy4 ,look in the dictionary for3 gorgeous1 rhomboids1 primeval1 patriarchal1 burgher1 crone1 porpoises1 beverage1 divertisements4 ,a ,,winter ,,evening ,,in ,,old ,,new ,,england ,shut in from all the world without1 ,we sat the clean-winged hearth about1 ,content to let the north wind roar ,in baffled rage at pane and door1 ,while the red logs before us beat ,the frost line back with tropic heat2 ,and ever1 when a louder blast ,shook beam and rafter as it passed1 ,the merrier up its roaring draft ,the great throat of the chimney laughed4 ,the house dog on his paws outspread ,laid to the fire his drowsy head1 ,the cat's dark silhouette on the wall ,a couchant tiger's seemed to fall2 ,and1 for the winter fireside meet1 ,between the andirons' straddling feet ,the mug of cider simmered slow1 ,and apples sputtered in a row4 ,and1 close at hand1 the basket stood ,with nuts from brown ,october's woods4 ,what matter how the night behaved8 ,what matter how the north wind raved8 ,blow high1 blow low1 not all its snow ,could quench our hearth-fire's ruddy glow4 ,illustration3 ,a ,winter ,evening in ,old ,new ,england4 ,,the ,,old-,,fashioned ,,thanksgiving#bj ,i do not know but it is that old ,new ,england holiday of ,thanksgiving which1 for one of ,new ,england birth1 has most of home associations tied up with it1 and most of gleeful memories4 ,i know that they are very present ones4 ,we all knew when it was coming2 we all loved turkey--not ,turkey on the map1 for which we cared very little after we had once bounded it--by the ,black ,sea on the east1 and by something else on the other sides--but basted turkey1 brown turkey1 stuffed turkey4 ,here was richness6 ,we had scored off the days until we were sure1 to a recitation mark1 when it was due--well into the end of ,november1 when winds would be blowing from the northwest1 with great piles of dry leaves all down the sides of the street and in the angles of pasture walls4 ,i cannot for my life conceive why any one should upset the old order of things by marking it down a fortnight earlier4 ,a man in the country wants his crops well in and housed before he is ready to gush out with a round1 outspoken ,thanksgiving2 but everybody knows1 who knows anything about it1 that the purple tops and the cow-horn turnips are1 nine times in ten1 left out till the latter days of ,november1 and husking not half over4 ,we all knew1 as ,i said1 when it was coming4 ,we had a stock of empty flour barrels on ,town-hill stuffed with leaves1 and a big pole set in the ground1 and a battered tar barrel1 with its bung chopped out1 to put on top of the pole4 ,it was all to beat the last year's bonfire--and it did4 ,the country wagoners had made their little stoppages at the back door4 ,we knew what was to come of that4 ,and if the old cook--a monstrous fine woman1 who weighed two hundred if she weighed a pound--was brusque and wouldn't have us round1 we knew what was to come of that1 too4 ,such pies as hers demanded thoughtful consideration3 not very large1 and baked in scalloped tins1 and with such a relishy flavor to them1 as on my honor1 ,i do not recognize in any pies of this generation4444 ,the sermon on that ,thanksgiving 7and we all heard it7 was long4 ,we boys were prepared for that too4 ,but we couldn't treat a ,thanksgiving sermon as we would an ordinary one2 we couldn't doze--there was too much ahead4 ,it seemed to me that the preacher made rather a merit of holding us in check--with that basted turkey in waiting4 ,at last1 though1 it came to an end2 and ,i believe ,dick and ,i both joined in the doxology4 ,all that followed is to me now a cloud of misty and joyful expectation1 until we took our places--a score or more of cousins and kinsfolk2 and the turkey1 and celery1 and cranberries1 and what nots1 were all in place4 ,did ,dick whisper to me as we went in1 ,get next to me1 old fellow8 ,i cannot say2 ,i have a half recollection that he did4 ,but bless me6 what did anybody care for what ,dick said8 ,and the old gentleman who bowed his head and said grace--there is no forgetting him4 ,and the little golden-haired one who sat at his left--his pet1 his idol--who lisped the thanksgiving after him1 shall ,i forget her1 and the games of forfeit afterwards at evening that brought her curls near to me8 ,these fifty years she has been gone from sight1 and is dust4 ,what an awful tide of ,thanksgivings has drifted by since she bowed her golden locks1 and clasped her hand1 and murmured1 ,our ,father1 we thank thee for this1 and for all thy bounties6 ,who else8 ,well1 troops of cousins--good1 bad1 and indifferent4 ,no man is accountable for his cousins1 ,i think2 or if he is1 the law should be changed4 ,if a man can't speak honestly of cousinhood1 to the third or fourth degree1 what can he speak honestly of8 ,didn't ,i see little ,floy 7who wore pea-green silk7 make a saucy grimace when ,i made a false cut at that rolypoly turkey drumstick and landed it on the tablecloth8 ,there was that scamp ,tom1 too1 who loosened his waistcoat before he went into dinner4 ,i saw him do it4 ,didn't he make faces at me1 till he caught a warning from ,aunt ,polly's uplifted finger8 ,illustration3 ,a ,thanksgiving ,reunion4 ,how should ,i forget that good1 kindly ,aunt ,polly--very severe in her turban1 and with her meeting-house face upon her1 but full of a great wealth of bonbons and dried fruits on ,saturday afternoons1 in ,i know not what capacious pockets2 ample1 too1 in her jokes and in her laugh2 making that day a great maelstrom of mirth around her8 ,h---- sells hides now1 and is as rich as ,croesus1 whatever that may mean2 but does he remember his venturesome foray for a little bit of crisp roast pig that lay temptingly on the edge of the dish that day8 ,there was ,sarah1 too1--turned of seventeen1 education complete1 looking down on us all--terribly learned 7,i know for a fact that she kept ,mrs4 ,hemans in her pocket72 terribly self-asserting1 too4 ,if she had not married happily1 and not had a little brood about her in after years 7which she did71 ,i think she would have made one of the most terrible ,sorosians of our time4 ,at least that is the way ,i think of it now1 looking back across the basted turkey 7which she ate without gravy7 and across the range of eager ,thanksgiving faces4 ,there was ,uncle ,ned--no forgetting him--who had a way of patting a boy on the head so that the patting reached clear through to the boy's heart1 and made him sure of a blessing hovering over4 ,that was the patting ,i liked4 ,that's the sort of uncle to come to a ,thanksgiving dinner--the sort that eat double filberts with you1 and pay up next day by noon with a pocketknife or a riding whip4 ,hurrah for ,uncle ,ned6 ,and ,aunt ,eliza--is there any keeping her out of mind8 ,i never liked the name much2 but the face and the kindliness which was always ready to cover1 as well as she might1 what wrong we did1 and to make clear what good we did1 make me enrol her now--where she belongs evermore--among the saints4 ,so quiet1 so gentle1 so winning1 making conquest of all of us1 because she never sought it2 full of dignity1 yet never asserting it2 queening it over all by downright kindliness of heart4 ,what a wife she would have made6 ,heigho6 how we loved her1 and made our boyish love of her--a ,thanksgiving6 ,were there oranges8 ,i think there were1 with green spots on the peel--lately arrived from ,florida4 ,tom boasted that he ate four4 ,i dare say he told the truth--he looked peaked1 and was a great deal the worse for the dinner next day1 ,i remember4 ,was there punch1 or any strong liquors8 ,no2 so far as my recollection now goes1 there was none4 ,champagne8 ,i have a faint remembrance of a loud pop or two which set some cousinly curls over opposite me into a nervous shake4 ,yet ,i would not like to speak positively4 ,good bottled cider or pop beer may possibly account for all the special phenomena ,i call to mind4 ,was there coffee1 and were there olives8 ,not to the best of my recollection2 or1 if present1 ,i lose them in the glamour of mince pies and ,marlborough puddings4 ,how we ever sidled away from that board when that feast was done ,i have no clear conception4 ,i am firm in the belief that thanksgiving was said at the end1 as at the beginning4 ,i have a faint recollection of a gray head passing out at the door1 and of a fleece of golden curls beside him1 against which ,i jostle--not unkindly4 ,dark8 ,yes2 ,i think the sun had gone down about the time when the mince pies had faded4 ,did ,dick and ,tom and the rest of us come sauntering in afterwards when the rooms were empty1 foraging for any little tidbits of the feast that might be left1 the tables showing only wreck under the dim light of a solitary candle8 ,how we found our way with the weight of that stupendous dinner by us to the heights of ,town-hill it is hard to tell4 ,but we did1 and when our barrel pile was fairly ablaze1 we danced like young satyrs round the flame1 shouting at our very loudest when the fire caught the tar barrel at the top1 and the yellow pile of blaze threw its lurid glare over hill and houses and town4 ,afterwards ,i have recollection of an hour or more in a snug square parlor1 which is given over to us youngsters and our games1 dimly lighted1 as was most fitting2 but a fire upon the hearth flung out a red glory on the floor and on the walls4 ,was it a high old time1 or did we only pretend that it was8 ,didn't ,i know little ,floy in that pea-green silk1 with my hands clasped round her waist and my eyes blinded--ever so fast8 ,didn't ,i give ,dick an awful pinch in the leg1 when ,i lay perdu under the sofa in another one of those tremendous games8 ,didn't the door that led into the hall show a little open gap from time to time--old faces peering in1 looking very kindly in the red firelight flaring on them8 ,and didn't those we loved best look oftenest8 ,don't they always8 ,well1 well--we were fagged at last3 little ,floy in a snooze before we knew it2 ,dick1 pretending not to be sleepy1 but gaping in a prodigious way4 ,but the romps and the fatigue made sleep very grateful when it came at last3 yet the sleep was very broken2 the turkey and the nuts had their rights1 and bred stupendous ,thanksgiving dreams4 ,what gorgeous dreams they were1 to be sure6 ,i seem to dream them again to-day4 ,once again ,i see the old1 revered gray head bowing in utter thankfulness1 with the hands clasped4 ,once again1 over the awful tide of intervening years--so full1 and yet so short--,i seem to see the shimmer of her golden hair--an aureole of light blazing on the borders of boyhood3 ,for this1 and all thy bounties1 our ,father1 we thank thee4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #bj3 ,from ,bound ,together1 by ,donald ,g4 ,mitchell1 published by ,charles ,scribner's ,sons4 ,a ,,thanksgiving#ba ,lord1 thou hast given me a cell ,wherein to dwell-- ,a little house1 whose humble roof ,is weatherproof-- ,under the spans of which ,i lie ,both soft and dry1 ,where thou1 my chamber for to ward1 ,hast set a guard ,of harmless thoughts1 to watch and keep ,me while ,i sleep4 ,low is my porch as is my fate-- ,both void of state-- ,and yet the threshold of my door ,is worn by the poor ,who hither come1 and freely get ,good words or meat4 ,like as my parlor1 so my hall ,and kitchen's small4 ,a little buttery1 and therein ,a little bin4 ,which keeps my little loaf of bread ,unchipt1 unfled4 ,some brittle sticks of thorn or brier ,make me a fire ,close by whose living coal ,i sit1 ,and glow like it4 ,lord1 ,i confess too1 when ,i dine1 ,the pulse is thine1 ,and all those other bits that be ,there placed by thee4 ',tis thou that crown'st my glittering hearth ,with guiltless mirth1 ,and giv'st me wassail bowls to drink1 ,spiced to the brink4 ,lord1 'tis thy plenty-dropping hand ,that soils my land1 ,and giv'st me for my bushel sown ,twice ten for one4 ,all these and better thou dost send ,me to this end1-- ,that ,i should render for my part1 ,a thankful heart2 ,which1 fired with incense1 ,i resign ,as wholly thine-- ,but the acceptance1 that must be1 ,my ,god1 by thee4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ba3 ,by ,robert ,herrick1 an ,english poet 7#aeia-afgd74 ,,first ,,days ,,at ,,wakefield#bb ,a proof that even the humblest fortune may grant happiness1 which depends not on circumstances but constitution4 ,the place of our retreat was in a little neighborhood consisting of farmers1 who tilled their own grounds1 and were equal strangers to opulence and poverty4 ,as they had almost all the conveniences of life within themselves1 they seldom visited towns or cities in search of superfluity4 ,remote from the polite1 they still retained the primeval simplicity of manners2 and frugal by habit1 they scarcely knew that temperance was a virtue4 ,they wrought with cheerfulness on days of labor2 but observed festivals as intervals of idleness and pleasure4 ,they kept up the ,christmas carol1 sent true love knots on ,valentine morning1 ate pancakes on ,shrovetide1 showed their wit on the first of ,april1 and religiously cracked nuts on ,michaelmas ,eve4 ,being apprised of our approach1 the whole neighborhood came out to meet their minister1 dressed in their finest clothes1 and preceded by a pipe and tabor4 ,a feast also was provided for our reception1 at which we sat cheerfully down2 and what the conversation wanted in wit was made up in laughter4 ,our little habitation was situated at the foot of a slopping bill1 sheltered with a beautiful underwood behind1 and a prattling river before2 on one side a meadow1 on the other a green4 ,my farm consisted of about twenty acres of excellent land1 having given a hundred pounds for my predecessor's goodwill4 ,nothing could exceed the neatness of my little inclosures1 the elms and hedgerows appearing with inexpressible beauty4 ,my house consisted of but one story1 and was covered with thatch1 which gave it an air of great snugness2 the walls on the inside were nicely whitewashed1 and my daughters undertook to adorn them with pictures of their own designing4 ,though the same room served us for parlor and kitchen1 that only made it the warmer4 ,besides1 as it was kept with the utmost neatness1 the dishes1 plates1 and coppers being well scoured1 and all disposed in bright rows on the shelves1 the eye was agreeably relieved1 and did not want richer furniture4 ,there were three other apartments1--one for my wife and me1 another for our two daughters1 and the third1 with two beds1 for the rest of the children4 ,the little republic to which ,i gave laws was regulated in the following manner3 by sunrise we all assembled in our common apartment1 the fire being previously kindled by the servant4 ,after we had saluted each other with proper ceremony--for ,i always thought fit to keep up some mechanical forms of good breeding1 without which freedom ever destroys friendship--we all bent in gratitude to that ,being who gave us another day4 ,this duty being performed1 my son and ,i went to pursue our usual industry abroad1 while my wife and daughters employed themselves in providing breakfast1 which was always ready at a certain time4 ,i allowed half an hour for this meal and an hour for dinner1 which time was taken up in innocent mirth between my wife and daughters1 and in philosophical arguments between my son and me4 ,as we rose with the sun1 so we never pursued our labors after it was gone down1 but returned home to the expecting family1 where smiling looks1 a neat hearth1 and pleasant fire were prepared for our reception4 ,nor were we without guests3 sometimes ,farmer ,flamborough1 our talkative neighbor1 and often the blind piper would pay us a visit1 and taste our gooseberry wine1 for the making of which we had lost neither the receipt nor the reputation4 ,the night was concluded in the manner we began the morning1 my youngest boys being appointed to read the lessons of the day1 and he that read loudest1 distinctest and best was to have a halfpenny on ,sunday to put in the poor's box4 ,when ,sunday came it was indeed a day of finery1 which all my sumptuary edicts could not restrain4 ,how well soever ,i fancied my lectures against pride had conquered the vanity of my daughters1 yet ,i still found them secretly attached to all their former finery2 they still loved laces1 ribbons1 bugles1 and catgut2 my wife herself retained a passion for her crimson paduasoy1 because ,i formerly happened to say it became her4 ,illustration3 ,the ,first ,sunday at ,wakefield4 ,the first ,sunday in particular their behavior served to mortify me2 ,i had desired my girls the preceding night to be dressed early the next day2 for ,i always loved to be at church a good while before the rest of the congregation4 ,they punctually obeyed my directions2 but when we were to assemble in the morning at breakfast1 down came my wife and daughters dressed out all in their former splendor2 their hair plastered up with pomatum1 their faces patched to taste1 their trains bundled up in a heap behind1 and rustling at every motion4 ,i could not help smiling at their vanity1 particularly that of my wife1 from whom ,i expected more discretion4 ,in this exigence1 therefore1 my only resource was to order my son1 with an important air1 to call our coach4 ,the girls were amazed at the command2 but ,i repeated it with more solemnity than before4 ,surely1 my dear1 you jest1 cried my wife2 we can walk it perfectly well2 we want no coach to carry us now4 ,you mistake1 child1 returned ,i1 we do want a coach2 for if we walk to church in this trim1 the very children in the parish will hoot after us4 ,indeed1 replied my wife1 ,i always imagined that my ,charles was fond of seeing his children neat and handsome about him4 ,you may be as neat as you please1 interrupted ,i1 and ,i shall love you the better for it2 but all this is not neatness1 but frippery4 ,these rufflings and pinkings and patchings will only make us hated by all the wives of all our neighbors4 ,no1 my children1 continued ,i1 more gravely1 those gowns may be altered into something of a plainer cut2 for finery is very unbecoming in us1 who want the means of decency4 ,i do not know whether such flouncing and shredding is becoming even in the rich1 if we consider1 upon a moderate calculation1 that the nakedness of the indigent world may be clothed from the trimmings of the vain4 ,this remonstrance had the proper effect2 they went with great composure1 that very instant1 to change their dress2 and the next day ,i had the satisfaction of finding my daughters1 at their own request1 employed in cutting up their trains into ,sunday waistcoats for ,dick and ,bill1 the two little ones2 and what was still more satisfactory1 the gowns seemed improved by this curtailing4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #bb3 ,from ,the ,vicar of ,wakefield1 by ,oliver ,goldsmith1 a celebrated ,english author 7#agbh-aggd74 ,,expression3 ,in this selection and the two which follow we have three other specimens of ,english prose fiction4 ,you will observe that they are very different in style1 as well as in subject1 from the three specimens at the beginning of this book4 ,compare them with one another4 ,reread the selections from ,dickens1 ,thackeray1 and ,george ,eliot1 and compare them with these4 ,which do you like best8 ,why8 ,,doubting ,,castle#bc ,i4 ,,the ,,pilgrims ,,lose ,,their ,,way ,now ,i beheld in my dream that ,christian and ,hopeful had not journeyed far until they came where the river and the way parted1 at which they were not a little sorry2 yet they durst not go out of the way4 ,now the way from the river was rough1 and their feet tender by reason of their travel2 so the souls of the pilgrims were much discouraged because of the way4 ,wherefore1 still as they went on1 they wished for a better way4 ,now1 a little before them1 there was in the left hand of the road a meadow1 and a stile to go over into it2 and that meadow is called ,by-path ,meadow4 ,then said ,christian to his fellow1 ,if this meadow lieth along by our wayside1 let us go over into it4 ,then he went to the stile to see1 and behold a path lay along by the way on the other side of the fence4 ',tis according to my wish1 said ,christian2 here is the easiest going2 come1 good ,hopeful1 and let us go over4 ,but how if this path should lead us out of the way8 ,that is not likely1 said the other4 ,look1 doth it not go along by the wayside8 ,so ,hopeful1 being persuaded by his fellow1 went after him over the stile4 ,when they were gone over1 and were got into the path1 they found it very easy for their feet2 and withal they1 looking before them1 espied a man walking as they did1 and his name was ,vain-,confidence3 so they called after him1 and asked him whither that way led4 ,he said1 ,to the ,celestial ,gate4 ,look1 said ,christian1 did not ,i tell you so8--by this you may see we are right4 ,so they followed1 and he went before them4 ,but1 behold1 the night came on1 and it grew very dark2 so that they who were behind lost sight of them that went before4 ,he1 therefore1 that went before--,vain-,confidence by name--not seeing the way before him1 fell into a deep pit1 and was dashed in pieces with his fall4 ,now ,christian and his fellow heard him fall2 so they called to know the matter4 ,but there was none to answer1 only they heard a groan4 ,then said ,hopeful1 ,where are we now8 ,then was his fellow silent1 as mistrusting that he had led him out of the way2 and now it began to rain and thunder and lightning in a most dreadful manner1 and the water rose amain1 by reason of which the way of going back was very dangerous4 ,yet they adventured to go back2 but it was so dark and the flood so high1 that in their going back they had like to have been drowned nine or ten times4 ,neither could they1 with all the skill they had1 get back again to the stile that night4 ,wherefore1 at last lighting under a little shelter1 they sat down there until daybreak4 ,but1 being weary1 they fell asleep4 ,illustration3 ,in the ,giant's ,dungeon4 ,,ii4 ,,in ,,the ,,giant',s ,,dungeon ,now there was1 not far from the place where they lay1 a castle1 called ,doubting ,castle1 the owner whereof was ,giant ,despair2 and it was in his grounds they now were sleeping4 ,wherefore he1 getting up in the morning early1 and walking up and down in his fields1 caught ,christian and ,hopeful asleep in his grounds4 ,then with a grim and surly voice1 he bid them awake1 and asked them whence they were1 and what they did in his grounds4 ,they told him they were pilgrims1 and that they had lost their way4 ,then said the giant1 ,you have this night trespassed on me1 by trampling in and lying on my grounds1 and therefore you must go along with me4 ,so they were forced to go1 because he was stronger than they4 ,they also had but little to say1 for they knew themselves in a fault4 ,the giant1 therefore1 drove them before him1 and put them into his castle1 in a very dark dungeon4 ,here1 then1 they lay from ,wednesday morning till ,saturday night1 without one bit of bread1 or drop of drink1 or light1 or any to ask how they did3 they were1 therefore1 here in evil case1 and were far from friends and acquaintance4 ,now ,giant ,despair had a wife1 and her name was ,diffidence4 ,so1 when he was gone to bed1 he told his wife that he had taken a couple of prisoners1 and had cast them into his dungeon for trespassing on his grounds4 ,then he asked her also what he had best do to them4 ,so she asked him what they were1 whence they came1 and whither they were bound2 and he told her4 ,then she counseled him1 that when he arose in the morning he should beat them without mercy4 ,so when he arose1 he getteth him a grievous crabtree cudgel1 and goes into the dungeon to them1 and there first falls to rating of them as if they were dogs1 although they never gave him an unpleasant word4 ,then he fell upon them1 and beat them fearfully1 in such sort that they were not able to help themselves1 or to turn them upon the floor4 ,this done he withdraws1 and leaves them there to condole their misery1 and to mourn under their distress4 ,so all that day they spent their time in nothing but sighs and bitter lamentations4 ,the next night she1 talking with her husband further about them1 and understanding that they were yet alive1 did advise him to counsel them to make away with themselves4 ,so1 when morning was come1 he goes to them in a surly manner as before1 and perceiving them to be very sore with the stripes that he had given them the day before1 he told them that1 since they were never like to come out of that place1 their only way would be forthwith to make an end of themselves1 either with knife1 halter1 or poison3 for why1 he said1 should you choose to live1 seeing it is attended with so much bitterness8 ,but they desired him to let them go4 ,with that he looked ugly upon them1 and1 rushing to them1 had doubtless made an end of them himself1 but that he fell into one of his fits1 and lost for a time the use of his hands4 ,wherefore he withdrew1 and left them1 as before1 to consider what to do4 ,then did the prisoners consult between themselves1 whether it was best to take his counsel or no4 ,but they soon resolved to reject it2 for it would be very wicked to kill themselves2 and1 besides1 something might soon happen to enable them to make their escape4 ,well1 towards evening the giant goes down to the dungeon again1 to see if his prisoners had taken his counsel2 but when he came there1 he found them alive4 ,i say1 he found them alive2 at which he fell into a grievous rage1 and told them that1 seeing they had disobeyed his counsel1 it should be worse with them than if they had never been born4 ,at this they trembled greatly1 and ,i think that ,christian fell into a swoon2 but1 coming a little to himself again1 they renewed their discourse about the giant's counsel1 and whether yet they had best take it or no4 ,now ,christian again seemed for doing it1 but ,hopeful reminded him of the hardships and terrors he had already gone through1 and said that they ought to bear up with patience as well as they could1 and steadily reject the giant's wicked counsel4 ,now1 night being come again1 and the giant and his wife being in bed1 she asked him concerning the prisoners1 and if they had taken his counsel4 ,to this he replied1 ,they are sturdy rogues1 they choose rather to bear all hardships than to make away themselves4 ,then said she1 ,take them into the castle yard to-morrow1 and show them the bones and skulls of those that thou hast already dispatched1 and make them believe1 thou wilt tear them in pieces1 as thou hast done their fellows before them4 ,so when morning has come1 the giant goes to them again1 and takes them into the castle yard1 and shows them as his wife had bidden him4 ,these1 said he1 were pilgrims1 as you are1 once1 and they trespassed on my grounds1 as you have done2 and when ,i thought fit1 ,i tore them in pieces2 and so within ten days ,i will do to you4 ,get you down to your den again4 ,and with that he beat them all the way thither4 ,now1 when night was come1 ,mrs4 ,diffidence and her husband began to renew their discourse of their prisoners4 ,the old giant wondered that he could neither by his blows nor by his counsel bring them to an end4 ,and with that his wife replied1 ,i fear1 said she1 that they live in hopes that some will come to relieve them1 or that they have picklocks about them1 by the means of which they hope to escape4 ,and sayest thou so1 my dear8 said the giant2 ,i will therefore search them in the morning4 ,well1 on ,saturday1 about midnight1 they began to pray1 and continued in prayer till almost break of day4 ,now a little before it was day1 good ,christian1 as one half amazed1 brake out into a passionate speech3 ,what a fool am ,i1 thus to lie in a dungeon6 ,i have a key in my bosom1 called ,promise1 that will1 ,i am persuaded1 open any lock in ,doubting ,castle4 ,then said ,hopeful1 ,that's good news1 good brother2 pluck it out of thy bosom and try4 ,then ,christian pulled it out of his bosom1 and began to try at the dungeon door1 whose bolt1 as he turned the key1 gave back1 and the door flew open with ease1 and ,christian and ,hopeful both came out4 ,after that1 he went to the iron gate1 for that must be opened too1 but that lock went desperately hard2 yet the key did open it4 ,then they thrust open the gate to make their escape with speed2 but that gate1 as it opened1 made such a creaking1 that it waked ,giant ,despair1 who1 hastily rising to pursue his prisoners1 felt his limbs to fail1 for his fits took him again1 so that he could by no means go after them4 ,then they went on1 and came to the ,king's highway1 again1 and so were safe4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #bc3 ,from ,the ,pilgrim's ,progress1 by ,john ,bunyan1 a famous ,english preacher and writer 7#afbh-afhh74 ,,expression3 ,what peculiarities do you observe in ,bunyan's style of writing8 ,select the three most striking passages in this story1 and read them with spirit and correct expression4 ,,shooting ,,with ,,the ,,longbow#bd ,proclamation was made that ,prince ,john1 suddenly called by high and peremptory public duties1 held himself obliged to discontinue the entertainments of to-morrow's festival3 nevertheless1 that1 unwilling so many good yeomen should depart without a trial of skill1 he was pleased to appoint them1 before leaving the ground1 presently to execute the competition of archery intended for the morrow4 ,to the best archer a prize was to be awarded1 being a bugle-horn1 mounted with silver1 and a silken baldric richly ornamented with a medallion of ,st4 ,hubert1 the patron of sylvan sport4 ,more than thirty yeomen at first presented themselves as competitors1 several of whom were rangers and underkeepers in the royal forests of ,needwood and ,charnwood4 ,when1 however1 the archers understood with whom they were to be matched1 upwards of twenty withdrew themselves from the contest1 unwilling to encounter the dishonor of almost certain defeat4 ,the diminished list of competitors for sylvan fame still amounted to eight4 ,prince ,john stepped from his royal seat to view more nearly the persons of these chosen yeomen1 several of whom wore the royal livery4 ,having satisfied his curiosity by this investigation1 he looked for the object of his resentment1 whom he observed standing on the same spot1 and with the same composed countenance which he had exhibited upon the preceding day4 ,fellow1 said ,prince ,john1 ,i guessed by thy insolent babble thou wert no true lover of the longbow1 and ,i see thou darest not adventure thy skill among such merry men as stand yonder4 ,under favor1 sir1 replied the yeoman1 ,i have another reason for refraining to shoot1 besides the fearing discomfiture and disgrace4 ,and what is thy other reason8 said ,prince ,john1 who1 for some cause which perhaps he could not himself have explained1 felt a painful curiosity respecting this individual4 ,because1 replied the woodsman1 ,i know not if these yeomen and ,i are used to shoot at the same marks2 and because1 moreover1 ,i know not how your grace might relish the winning of a third prize by one who has unwittingly fallen under your displeasure4 ,prince ,john colored as he put the question1 ,what is thy name1 yeoman8 ,locksley1 answered the yeoman4 ,then1 ,locksley1 said ,prince ,john1 thou shalt shoot in thy turn1 when these yeomen have displayed their skill4 ,if thou carriest the prize1 ,i will add to it twenty nobles2 but if thou losest it1 thou shalt be stripped of thy ,lincoln green1 and scourged out of the lists with bowstrings1 for a wordy and insolent braggart4 ,and how if ,i refuse to shoot on such a wager8 said the yeoman4 ,your grace's power1 supported1 as it is1 by so many men at arms1 may indeed easily strip and scourge me1 but cannot compel me to bend or to draw my bow4 ,if thou refusest my fair proffer1 said the prince1 the provost of the lists shall cut thy bowstring1 break thy bow and arrows1 and expel thee from the presence as a faint-hearted craven4 ,this is no fair chance you put on me1 proud prince1 said the yeoman1 to compel me to peril myself against the best archers of ,leicester and ,staffordshire1 under the penalty of infamy if they should overshoot me4 ,nevertheless1 ,i will obey your pleasure4 ,look to him close1 men at arms1 said ,prince ,john1 his heart is sinking2 ,i am jealous lest he attempt to escape the trial4 ,and do you1 good fellows1 shoot boldly round2 a buck and a butt of wine are ready for your refreshment in yonder tent1 when the prize is won4 ,a target was placed at the upper end of the southern avenue which led to the lists4 ,the contending archers took their station in turn1 at the bottom of the southern access2 the distance between that station and the mark allowing full distance for what was called a shot at rovers4 ,the archers1 having previously determined by lot their order of precedence1 were to shoot each three shafts in succession4 ,the sports were regulated by an officer of inferior rank1 termed the provost of the games2 for the high rank of the marshals of the lists would have been held degraded had they condescended to superintend the sports of the yeomanry4 ,one by one the archers1 stepping forward1 delivered their shafts yeomanlike and bravely4 ,of twenty-four arrows shot in succession1 ten were fixed in the target1 and the others ranged so near it that1 considering the distance of the mark1 it was accounted good archery4 ,of the ten shafts which hit the target1 two within the inner ring were shot by ,hubert1 a forester1 who was accordingly pronounced victorious4 ,now1 ,locksley1 said ,prince ,john to the bold yeoman1 with a bitter smile1 wilt thou try conclusions with ,hubert1 or wilt thou yield up bow1 baldric1 and quiver to the provost of the sports8 ,sith it be no better1 said ,locksley1 ,i am content to try my fortune2 on condition that1 when ,i have shot two shafts at yonder mark of ,hubert's1 he shall be bound to shoot one at that which ,i shall propose4 ,that is but fair1 answered ,prince ,john1 and it shall not be refused thee4 ,if thou dost beat this braggart1 ,hubert1 ,i will fill the bugle with silver pennies for thee4 ,a man can but do his best1 answered ,hubert2 but my grandsire drew a good longbow at ,hastings1 and ,i trust not to dishonor his memory4 ,the former target was now removed1 and a fresh one of the same size placed in its room4 ,hubert1 who1 as victor in the first trial of skill1 had the right to shoot first1 took his aim with great deliberation1 long measuring the distance with his eye1 while he held in his hand his bended bow1 with the arrow placed on the string4 ,at length he made a step forward1 and raising the bow at the full stretch of his left arm1 till the center of grasping place was nigh level with his face1 he drew the bowstring to his ear4 ,the arrow whistled through the air1 and lighted within the inner ring of the target1 but not exactly in the center4 ,you have not allowed for the wind1 ,hubert1 said his antagonist1 bending his bow1 or that had been a better shot4 ,so saying1 and without showing the least anxiety to pause upon his aim1 ,locksley stepped to the appointed station1 and shot his arrow as carelessly in appearance as if he had not even looked at the mark4 ,he was speaking almost at the instant that the shaft left the bowstring1 yet it alighted in the target two inches nearer to the white spot which marked the center than that of ,hubert4 ,by the light of heaven6 said ,prince ,john to ,hubert1 an thou suffer that runagate knave to overcome thee1 thou art worthy of the gallows6 ,hubert had but one set of speech for all occasions4 ,an your highness were to hang me1 he said1 a man can but do his best4 ,nevertheless1 my grandsire drew a good bow-- ,the foul fiend on thy grandsire and all his generation6 interrupted ,john4 ,shoot1 knave1 and shoot thy best1 or it shall be the worse for thee6 ,thus exhorted1 ,hubert resumed his place1 and1 not neglecting the caution which he had received from his adversary1 he made the necessary allowance for a very light breath of wind which had just arisen1 and shot so successfully that his arrow alighted in the very center of the target4 ,a ,hubert6 a ,hubert6 shouted the populace1 more interested in a known person than in a stranger4 ,in the clout6--in the clout6 ,a ,hubert forever6 ,thou canst not mend that shot1 ,locksley1 said the prince1 with an insulting smile4 ,i will notch his shaft for him1 however1 replied ,locksley4 ,and1 letting fly his arrow with a little more precaution than before1 it lighted right upon that of his competitor1 which it split to shivers4 ,the people who stood around were so astonished at his wonderful dexterity1 that they could not even give vent to their surprise in their usual clamor4 ,this must be the devil1 and no man of flesh and blood1 whispered the yeomen to each other2 such archery was never seen since a bow was first bent in ,britain6 ,and now1 said ,locksley1 ,i will crave your grace's permission to plant such a mark as is used in the north country1 and welcome every brave yeoman to try a shot at it4 ,he then turned to leave the lists4 ,let your guards attend me1 he said1 if you please4 ,i go but to cut a rod from the next willow bush4 ,prince ,john made a signal that some attendants should follow him1 in case of his escape2 but the cry of ,shame6 shame6 which burst from the multitude induced him to alter his ungenerous purpose4 ,locksley returned almost instantly1 with a willow wand about six feet in length1 perfectly straight1 and rather thicker than a man's thumb4 ,he began to peel this with great composure1 observing1 at the same time1 that to ask a good woodsman to shoot at a target so broad as had hitherto been used was to put shame upon his skill4 ,for my own part1 said he1 in the land where ,i was bred1 men would as soon take for their mark ,king ,arthur's ,round ,table1 which held sixty knights around it4 ,a child of seven years old might hit yonder target with a headless shaft2 but1 he added1 walking deliberately to the other end of the lists and sticking the willow wand upright in the ground1 he that hits that rod at fivescore yards1 ,i call him an archer fit to bear both bow and quiver before a king1 and it were the stout ,king ,richard himself6 ,my grandsire1 said ,hubert1 drew a good bow at the battle of ,hastings1 and never shot at such a mark in his life2 neither will ,i4 ,if this yeoman can cleave that rod1 ,i give him the bucklers--or1 rather1 ,i yield to the devil that is in his jerkin1 and not to any human skill4 ,a man can but do his best1 and ,i will not shoot where ,i am sure to miss4 ,i might as well shoot at the edge of our parson's whittle1 or at a wheat straw1 or at a sunbeam1 as at a twinkling white streak which ,i can hardly see4 ,cowardly dog6 exclaimed ,prince ,john4--,sirrah ,locksley1 do thou shoot2 but if thou hittest such a mark1 ,i will say thou art the first man ever did so4 ,however it be1 thou shalt not crow over us with a mere show of superior skill4 ',a man can but do his best6' as ,hubert says1 answered ,locksley4 ,so saying1 he again bent his bow1 but1 on the present occasion1 looked with attention to his weapon1 and changed the string1 which he thought was no longer truly round1 having been a little frayed by the two former shots4 ,he then took his aim with some deliberation1 and the multitude awaited the event in breathless silence4 ,the archer vindicated their opinion of his skill3 his arrow split the willow rod against which it was aimed4 ,a jubilee of acclamations followed3 and even ,prince ,john1 in admiration of ,locksley's skill1 lost for an instant his dislike to his person4 ,these twenty nobles1 he said1 which with the bugle thou hast fairly won1 are thine own3 we will make them fifty if thou wilt take livery and service with us as a yeoman of our bodyguard1 and be near to our person2 for never did so strong a hand bend a bow1 or so true an eye direct a shaft4 ,pardon me1 noble prince1 said ,locksley2 but ,i have vowed that1 if ever ,i take service1 it should be with your royal brother1 ,king ,richard4 ,these twenty nobles ,i leave to ,hubert1 who has this day drawn as brave a bow as his grandsire did at ,hastings4 ,had his modesty not refused the trial1 he would have hit the wand as well as ,i4 ,hubert shook his head as he received with reluctance the bounty of the stranger2 and ,locksley1 anxious to escape further observation1 mixed with the crowd and was seen no more4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #bd3 ,from ,ivanhoe1 by ,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,,expression3 ,compare this selection with the two which precede it4 ,pilgrim's ,progress1 ,the ,vicar of ,wakefield1 and ,ivanhoe rank high among the world's most famous books4 ,notice how long ago each was written4 ,talk with your teacher about ,bunyan1 ,goldsmith1 and ,scott--their lives and their writings4 ,a ,,christmas ,,hymn#be ,it was the calm and silent night6 ,seven hundred years and fifty-three ,had ,rome been growing up to might1 ,and now was queen of land and sea4 ,no sound was heard of clashing wars-- ,peace brooded o'er the hushed domain2 ,apollo1 ,pallas1 ,jove1 and ,mars ,held undisturbed their ancient reign1 ,in the solemn midnight1 ,centuries ago4 ,illustration ',twas in the calm and silent night1 ,the senator of haughty ,rome ,impatient urged his chariot's flight1 ,from lordly revel rolling home2 ,triumphal arches1 gleaming1 swell ,his breast with thoughts of boundless sway2 ,what recked the ,roman what befell ,a paltry province far away1 ,in the solemn midnight1 ,centuries ago8 ,illustration ,within that province far away1 ,went plodding home a weary boor2 ,a streak of light before him lay1 ,fallen through a half-shut stable door ,across his path4 ,he paused--for naught ,told what was going on within2 ,how keen the stars1 his only thought1-- ,the air how cold and calm and thin1 ,in the solemn midnight1 ,centuries ago6 ,oh1 strange indifference6 low and high ,drowsed over common joys and cares2 ,the earth was still--but knew not why2 ,the world was listening unawares4 ,how calm a moment may precede ,one that shall thrill the world forever6 ,to that still moment none would heed ,man's doom was linked no more to sever1 ,in the solemn midnight1 ,centuries ago4 ,illustration ,it is the calm and solemn night3 ,a thousand bells ring out and throw ,their joyous peals abroad1 and smite ,the darkness--charmed and holy now6 ,the night that erst no name had worn1 ,to it a happy name is given2 ,for in that stable lay1 newborn1 ,the peaceful ,prince of earth and heaven1 ,in the solemn midnight1 ,centuries ago4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #be3 ,by ,alfred ,domett1 7d7omet71 an ,english writer 7#ahaa-ahhg74 ,,christmas ,,eve ,,at ,,fezziwig',s#bf ,old ,fezziwig in his warehouse laid down his pen1 and looked up at the clock which pointed to the hour of seven4 ,he rubbed his hands2 adjusted his waistcoat2 laughed all over himself1 from his shoes to his organ of benevolence2 and called out in a comfortable1 oily1 rich1 fat1 jovial voice3-- ,yo ho1 there6 ,ebenezer6 ,dick6 ,ebenezer came briskly in1 followed by his fellow-'prentice4 ,yo ho1 my boys6 said ,fezziwig4 ,no more work to-night4 ,christmas ,eve1 ,dick6 ,christmas1 ,ebenezer6 ,let's have the shutters up1 cried old ,fezziwig1 with a sharp clap of his hands1 before a man can say ,jack ,robinson4 ,you wouldn't believe how those two fellows went at it6 ,they charged into the street with the shutters--one1 two1 three--had 'em in their places--four1 five1 six--barred 'em and pinned 'em--seven1 eight1 nine--and came back before you could have got to twelve1 panting like race horses4 ,hilli-ho6 cried old ,fezziwig1 skipping down from his desk1 with wonderful agility4 ,clear away1 my lads1 and let's have lots of room here6 ,hilli-ho1 ,dick6 ,chirrup1 ,ebenezer6 ,clear away8 ,there was nothing they wouldn't have cleared away1 or couldn't have cleared away1 with old ,fezziwig looking on4 ,it was done in a minute4 ,every movable was packed off1 as if it were dismissed from public life forevermore4 ,the floor was swept and watered1 the lamps were trimmed1 fuel was heaped upon the fire2 and the warehouse was as snug and warm1 and dry and bright1 as any ballroom you would desire to see upon a winter's night4 ,in came a fiddler with a music book1 and went up to the lofty desk1 and made an orchestra of it4 ,in came ,mrs4 ,fezziwig1 one vast substantial smile4 ,in came the three ,miss ,fezziwigs1 beaming and lovable4 ,in came the six young followers1 whose hearts they broke4 ,in came all the young men and young women employed in the business4 ,in came the housemaid1 with her cousin the baker4 ,in came the cook1 with her brother's particular friend the milkman4 ,in came the boy from over the way1 who was suspected of not having enough to eat from his master4 ,in they all came1 one after another--some shyly1 some boldly1 some gracefully1 some awkwardly1 some pushing1 some pulling4 ,in they all came1 anyhow and everyhow4 ,away they all went1 twenty couples at once2 down the middle and up again2 round and round in various stages of affectionate grouping2 old top couple always turning up in the wrong place2 new top couple starting off again as soon as they got there2 all top couples at last1 and not a bottom one to help them6 ,when this result was brought about1 old ,fezziwig1 clapping his hands to stop the dance1 cried out1 ,well done6 ,then there were more dances1 and there were forfeits1 and more dances2 and there was cake1 and there was a great piece of cold roast1 and there was a great piece of cold boiled1 and there were mince pies and other delicacies4 ,but the great effect of the evening came after the roast and the boiled1 when the fiddler1 artful dog1 struck up ,sir ,roger de ,coverley4 ,then old ,mr4 ,fezziwig stood out to dance with ,mrs4 ,fezziwig4 ,top couple1 too1 with a good stiff piece of work cut out for them2 three or four and twenty pair of partners2 people who were not to be trifled with--people who would dance1 and had no notion of walking4 ,but if they had been twice as many--aye1 four times--old ,mr4 ,fezziwig would have been a match for them1 and so would ,mrs4 ,fezziwig4 ,as to her1 she was worthy to be his partner in every sense of the term4 ,if that's not high praise1 tell me higher and ,i'll use it4444 ,and when ,mr4 ,fezziwig and ,mrs4 ,fezziwig had gone all through the dance--advance and retire1 both hands to your partner1 bow and curtsy1 thread the needle1 and back to your place--,fezziwig cut so deftly that he appeared to wink with his legs1 and came upon his feet again without a stagger4 ,illustration3 ,christmas ,eve at ,fezziwig's4 ,when the clock struck eleven1 this domestic ball broke up4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,fezziwig took their stations1 one on either side of the door1 and shaking hands with every person individually as he or she went out1 wished him or her a ,merry ,christmas4 ,when everybody had retired but the two apprentices1 they did the same to them2 and thus the cheerful voices died away and the lads were left to their beds--which were under a counter in the back shop4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #bf3 ,from ,a ,christmas ,carol1 by ,charles ,dickens4 ,,the ,,christmas ,,holly#bg ,the holly6 the holly6 oh1 twine it with bay-- ,come give the holly a song2 ,for it helps to drive stern winter away1 ,with his garment so somber and long2 ,it peeps through the trees with its berries of red1 ,and its leaves of burnished green1 ,when the flowers and fruits have long been dead1 ,and not even the daisy is seen4 ,then sing to the holly1 the ,christmas holly1 ,that hangs over peasant and king2 ,while we laugh and carouse 'neath its glittering boughs1 ,to the ,christmas holly we'll sing4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #bg3 ,by ,eliza ,cook1 an ,english poet 7#ahah-ahhi74 ,,expression3 ,imagine that you see ,mr4 ,fezziwig with his apprentices preparing for the ,christmas festivities4 ,what is your opinion of him8 ,now read the story1 paragraph by paragraph1 trying to make it as interesting to your hearers as a real visit to ,fezziwig warehouse would have been4 ,,the ,,new ,,year',s ,,dinner ,,party#bh ,the ,old ,year being dead1 the ,new ,year came of age1 which he does by ,calendar ,law as soon as the breath is out of the old gentleman's body4 ,nothing would serve the youth but he must give a dinner upon the occasion1 to which all the ,days of the ,year were invited4 ,the ,festivals1 whom he appointed as his stewards1 were mightily taken with the notion4 ,they had been engaged time out of mind1 they said1 in providing mirth and cheer for mortals below2 and it was time that they should have a taste of their bounty4 ,all the ,days came to dinner4 ,covers were provided for three hundred and sixty-five guests at the principal table2 with an occasional knife and fork at the sideboard for the ,twenty-ninth of ,february4 ,i should have told you that cards of invitation had been sent out4 ,the carriers were the ,hours--twelve as merry little whirligig footpages as you should desire to see4 ,they went all round1 and found out the persons invited well enough1 with the exception of ,easter ,day1 ,shrove ,tuesday1 and a few such ,movables1 who had lately shifted their quarters4 ,well1 they were all met at last1 four ,days1 five ,days1 all sorts of ,days1 and a rare din they made of it4 ,there was nothing but ,hail6 fellow ,day6 ,well met1 brother ,day6 sister ,day6 only ,lady ,day kept a little on the aloof and seemed somewhat scornful4 ,yet some said that ,twelfth ,day cut her out1 for she came in a silk suit1 white and gold1 like a queen on a frost-cake1 all royal and glittering4 ,the rest came1 some in green1 some in white--but ,lent and his family were not yet out of mourning4 ,rainy ,days came in dripping1 and ,sunshiny ,days helped them to change their stockings4 ,wedding ,day was there in his marriage finery4 ,pay ,day came late1 as he always does4 ,doomsday sent word he might be expected4 ,april ,fool 7as my lord's jester7 took upon himself to marshal the guests4 ,and wild work he made of it2 good ,days1 bad ,days1 all were shuffled together4 ,he had stuck the ,twenty-first of ,june next to the ,twenty-second of ,december1 and the former looked like a ,maypole by the side of a marrow bone4 ,ash ,wednesday got wedged in betwixt ,christmas and ,lord ,mayor's ,day4 ,at another part of the table1 ,shrove ,tuesday was helping the ,second of ,september to some broth1 which courtesy the latter returned with the delicate thigh of a pheasant4 ,the ,last of ,lent was springing upon ,shrovetide's pancakes2 ,april ,fool1 seeing this1 told him that he did well1 for pancakes were proper to a good fry-day4 ,may ,day1 with that sweetness which is her own1 made a neat speech proposing the health of the founder4 ,this being done1 the lordly ,new ,year from the upper end of the table1 in a cordial but somewhat lofty tone1 returned thanks4 ,they next fell to quibbles and conundrums4 ,the question being proposed1 who had the greatest number of followers--the ,quarter ,days said there could be no question as to that2 for they had all the creditors in the world dogging their heels4 ,but ,april ,fool gave it in favor of the ,forty ,days before ,easter2 because the debtors in all cases outnumbered the creditors1 and they kept ,lent all the year4 ,at last1 dinner being ended1 the ,days called for their cloaks1 and great coats1 and took their leaves4 ,lord ,mayor's ,day went off in a ,mist as usual2 ,shortest ,day in a deep black ,fog1 which wrapped the little gentleman all round like a hedgehog4 ,two ,vigils1 or watchmen1 saw ,christmas ,day safe home4 ,another ,vigil--a stout1 sturdy patrol1 called the ,eve of ,st4 ,christopher--escorted ,ash ,wednesday4 ,longest ,day set off westward in beautiful crimson and gold--the rest1 some in one fashion1 some in another1 took their departure4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #bh3 ,by ,charles ,lamb1 an ,english essayist and humorist 7#agge-ahcd74 ,,expression3 ,what holidays are named in this selection8 ,what holidays do you know about that were not present at this dinner8 ,refer to the dictionary and learn about all the days here mentioned4 ,select the humorous passages in this story1 and tell why you think they are humorous4 ,,the ,,town ,,pump#bi ,,scene4--,the corner of two principal streets4 ,the ,town ,pump talking through its nose4 ,noon1 by the north clock6 ,noon1 by the east6 ,high noon1 too1 by those hot sunbeams which fall1 scarcely aslope1 upon my head1 and almost make the water bubble and smoke in the trough under my nose4 ,truly1 we public characters have a tough time of it6 ,and among all the town officers1 chosen at the annual meeting1 where is he that sustains1 for a single year1 the burden of such manifold duties as are imposed in perpetuity1 upon the ,town ,pump8 ,the title of town treasurer is rightfully mine1 as guardian of the best treasure the town has4 ,the overseers of the poor ought to make me their chairman since ,i provide bountifully for the pauper1 without expense to him that pays taxes4 ,i am at the head of the fire department1 and one of the physicians of the board of health4 ,as a keeper of the peace all water drinkers confess me equal to the constable4 ,i perform some of the duties of the town clerk1 by promulgating public notices1 when they am pasted on my front4 ,to speak within bounds1 ,i am chief person of the municipality1 and exhibit1 moreover1 an admirable pattern to my brother officers by the cool1 steady1 upright1 downright1 and impartial discharge of my business1 and the constancy with which ,i stand to my post4 ,summer or winter1 nobody seeks me in vain2 for1 all day long ,i am seen at the busiest corner1 just above the market1 stretching out my arms to rich and poor alike2 and at night ,i hold a lantern over my head1 to show where ,i am1 and to keep people out of the gutters4 ,at this sultry noontide1 ,i am cupbearer to the parched populace1 for whose benefit an iron goblet is chained to my waist4 ,like a dram seller on the public square1 on a muster day1 ,i cry aloud to all and sundry1 in my plainest accents1 and at the very tiptop of my voice1 ,here it is1 gentlemen6 ,here is the good liquor6 ,walk up1 walk up1 gentlemen1 walk up1 walk up6 ,here is the superior stuff6 ,here is the unadulterated ale of father ,adam6 better than cognac1 ,hollands1 ,jamaica1 strong beer1 or wine of any price2 here it is by the hogshead or the single glass1 and not a cent to pay4 ,walk up1 gentlemen1 walk up1 and help yourselves6 ,it were a pity if all this outcry should draw no customers4 ,here they come4 ,a hot day1 gentlemen4 ,quaff and away again1 so as to keep yourselves in a nice1 cool sweat4 ,you1 my friend1 will need another cupful to wash the dust out of your throat1 if it be as thick there as it is on your cowhide shoes4 ,i see that you have trudged half a score of miles to-day1 and1 like a wise man1 have passed by the taverns1 and stopped at the running brooks and well curbs4 ,otherwise1 betwixt heat without and fire within1 you would have been burnt to a cinder1 or melted down to nothing at all--in the fashion of a jellyfish4 ,drink1 and make room for that other fellow1 who seeks my aid to quench the fiery fever of last night's potations1 which he drained from no cup of mine4 ,welcome1 most rubicund sir6 ,you and ,i have been strangers hitherto2 nor1 to confess the truth1 will my nose be anxious for a closer intimacy till the fumes of your breath be a little less potent4 ,mercy on you1 man6 ,the water absolutely hisses down your red-hot gullet1 and is converted quite into steam in the miniature ,tophet1 which you mistake for a stomach4 ,fill again1 and tell me1 on the word of an honest toper1 did you ever1 in cellar1 tavern1 or any other kind of dramshop1 spend the price of your children's food for a swig half so delicious8 ,now1 for the first time these ten years1 you know the flavor of cold water4 ,good-by2 and whenever you are thirsty1 recollect that ,i keep a constant supply at the old stand4 ,who next8 ,oh1 my little friend1 you are just let loose from school1 and come hither to scrub your blooming face1 and drown the memory of certain taps of the ferule1 and other schoolboy troubles1 in a draft from the ,town ,pump4 ,take it1 pure as the current of your young life2 take it1 and may your heart and tongue never be scorched with a fiercer thirst than now4 ,illustration3 ,the ,town ,pump4 ,there1 my dear child1 put down the cup1 and yield your place to this elderly gentleman1 who treads so tenderly over the paving stones that ,i suspect he is afraid of breaking them4 ,what6 he limps by without so much as thanking me1 as if my hospitable offers were meant only for people who have no wine cellars4 ,well1 well1 sir1 no harm done1 ,i hope6 ,go1 draw the cork1 tip the decanter2 but when your great toe shall set you a-roaring1 it will be no affair of mine4 ,if gentlemen love the pleasant titillation of the gout1 it is all one to the ,town ,pump4 ,this thirsty dog1 with his red tongue lolling out1 does not scorn my hospitality1 but stands on his hind legs and laps eagerly out of the trough4 ,see how lightly he capers away again6 ,jowler1 did your worship ever have the gout8 ,your pardon1 good people6 ,i must interrupt my stream of eloquence1 and spout forth a stream of water1 to replenish the trough for this teamster and his two yoke of oxen1 who have come all the way from ,staunton1 or somewhere along that way4 ,no part of my business gives me more pleasure than the watering of cattle4 ,look6 how rapidly they lower the watermark on the sides of the trough1 till their capacious stomachs are moistened with a gallon or two apiece1 and they can afford time to breathe1 with sighs of calm enjoyment6 ,now they roll their quiet eyes around the brim of their monstrous drinking vessel4 ,an ox is your true toper4 ,i hold myself the grand reformer of the age4 ,from the ,town ,pump1 as from other sources of water supply1 must flow the stream that will cleanse our earth of a vast portion of the crime and anguish which have gushed from the fiery fountains of the still4 ,in this mighty enterprise1 the cow shall be my great confederate4 ,milk and water6 ,ahem6 ,dry work this speechifying1 especially to all unpracticed orators4 ,i never conceived1 till now1 what toil the temperance lecturers undergo for my sake4 ,do1 some kind ,christian1 pump a stroke or two1 just to wet my whistle4 ,thank you1 sir4 ,but to proceed4 ,the ,town ,pump and the ,cow6 ,such is the glorious partnership that shall finally monopolize the whole business of quenching thirst4 ,blessed consummation6 ,then ,poverty shall pass away from the land1 finding no hovel so wretched where her squalid form may shelter itself4 ,then ,disease1 for lack of other victims1 shall gnaw his own heart and die4 ,then ,sin1 if she do not die1 shall lose half her strength4 ,then there will be no war of households4 ,the husband and the wife1 drinking deep of peaceful joy1 a calm bliss of temperate affections1 shall pass hand in hand through life1 and lie down1 not reluctantly1 at its protracted close4 ,to them the past will be no turmoil of mad dreams1 nor the future an eternity of such moments as follow the delirium of a drunkard4 ,their dead faces shall express what their spirits were1 and are to be1 by a lingering smile of memory and hope4 ,drink1 then1 and be refreshed6 ,the water is as pure and cold as when it slaked the thirst of the red hunter1 and flowed beneath the aged bough1 though now this gem of the wilderness is treasured under these hot stones1 where no shadow falls but from the brick buildings4 ,but still is this fountain the source of health1 peace1 and happiness1 and ,i behold1 with certainty and joy1 the approach of the period when the virtues of cold water1 too little valued since our father's days1 will be fully appreciated and recognized by all4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #bi3 ,by ,nathaniel ,hawthorne1 an ,american writer of romances and short stories 7#ahjd-ahfd74 ,,expression3 ,read this selection again and again until you understand it clearly and appreciate its rare charm4 ,study each paragraph separately1 observing how the topic of each is developed4 ,select the expressions which are the most pleasing to you4 ,tell why each pleases4 ,did you ever see a town pump8 ,in the cities and larger towns1 what has taken its place8 ,can we imagine a hydrant or a water faucet talking as this town pump did8 ,if ,hawthorne were writing to-day1 would he represent the town pump as the chief person of the municipality8 ,discuss this question fully4 ,talk with your teacher about the life and works of the author of this selection4 ,if you have access to any of his books1 bring them to the class and read selections from them4 ,compare the style of this story with that of the selection from ,dickens1 page #bb2 or from ,thackeray1 page #bg2 or from ,goldsmith1 page #id4 ,,word ,,study3 ,refer to the dictionary for the pronunciation and meaning of3 perpetuity1 constable1 municipality1 cognac1 quaff1 rubicund1 ,tophet1 decanter1 titillation1 capacious4 ,,come ,,up ,,from ,,the ,,fields1 ,,father#cj ,come up from the fields1 father2 here's a letter from our ,pete1 ,and come to the front door1 mother2 here's a letter from thy dear son4 ,lo1 'tis autumn2 ,lo1 where the fields1 deeper green1 yellower and redder1 ,cool and sweeten ,ohio's villages1 with leaves fluttering in the moderate wind2 ,where apples ripe in the orchards hang1 and grapes on the trellised vines1 7,smell you the smell of the grapes on the vines8 ,smell you the buckwheat1 where the bees were lately buzzing87 ,above all1 lo6 the sky so calm1 so transparent after the rain1 and with wondrous clouds2 ,below1 too1 all calm1 all vital and beautiful1--and the farm prospers well4 ,down in the fields all prospers well2 ,but now from the fields come1 father1--come at the daughter's call2 ,and come to the entry1 mother1--to the front door come1 right away4 ,fast as she can she hurries1--something ominous1--her steps trembling2 ,she does not tarry to smooth her white hair1 nor adjust her cap4 ,open the envelope quickly2 ,oh1 this is not our son's writing1 yet his name is signed6 ,oh1 a strange hand writes for our dear son--,o stricken mother's soul6 ,all swims before her eyes1--flashes with black1--she catches the main words only2 ,sentences broken1--gunshot wound in the breast--cavalry skirmish1 taken to hospital1 ,at present low1 but will soon be better4 ,ah6 now the single figure to me ,amid all teeming and wealthy ,ohio1 with all its cities and farms1 ,sickly white in the face and dull in the head1 very faint1 ,by the jamb of a door leans4 ,grieve not so1 dear mother 7the just grown daughter speaks through her sobs2 ,the little sisters huddle around1 speechless and dismayed74 ,see1 dearest mother1 the letter says ,pete will soon be better4 ,alas1 poor boy6 he will never be better 7nor1 maybe1 needs to be better1 that brave and simple soul74 ,while they stand at home at the door he is dead already1 ,the only son is dead4 ,illustration3 ,come up from the fields1 father4 ,but the mother needs to be better2 ,she1 with thin form1 presently dressed in black2 ,by day her meals untouched1--then at night fitfully sleeping1 often waking1 ,in the midnight waking1 weeping1 longing with one deep longing1 ,oh1 that she might withdraw unnoticed1 silent from life1 escape and withdraw1 ,to follow1 to seek1 to be with her dear dead son6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #cj3 ,by ,walt ,whitman1 an ,american poet 7#ahai-ahib74 ,,expression3 ,this poem is descriptive of an incident which occurred during the ,civil ,war4 ,there were many such incidents1 both in the ,north and in the ,south4 ,read the selection silently to understand its full meaning4 ,who are the persons pictured to your imagination after reading it8 ,describe the place and the time4 ,now read the poem aloud1 giving full expression to its pathetic meaning4 ,select the most striking descriptive passage and read it4 ,select the stanza which seems to you the most touching1 and read it4 ,study now the peculiarities of the poem4 ,do the lines rime8 ,are they of similar length8 ,what can you say about the meter8 ,compare this poem with the two gems from ,browning1 pages #ch and #da4 ,compare it with the selection from ,longfellow1 page #ed2 with that from ,lanier1 page #ff4 ,how does it differ from any or all of these8 ,what is poetry8 ,name three great ,american poets2 three great ,english poets4 ,,the ,,address ,,at ,,gettysburg#ca ,fourscore and seven years ago1 our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation1 conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal4 ,now we are engaged in a great civil war1 testing whether that nation--or any nation so conceived and so dedicated--can long endure4 ,we are met on a great battle field of that war4 ,we have come to dedicate a portion of that field as the final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live4 ,it is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this4 ,but1 in a larger sense1 we cannot dedicate1 we cannot consecrate1 we cannot hallow1 this ground4 ,the brave men1 living and dead1 who struggled here1 have consecrated it1 far above our poor power to add or detract4 ,the world will little note nor long remember what we say here2 but it can never forget what they did here4 ,it is for us1 the living1 rather1 to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced4 ,it is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us2--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion2--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain1 that this nation1 under ,god1 shall have a new birth of freedom1 and that government of the people1 by the people1 for the people1 shall not perish from the earth4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ca3 ,by ,abraham ,lincoln1 at the dedication of the ,national ,cemetery1 #ahfc4 ,,ode ,,to ,,the ,,confederate ,,dead#cb ,sleep sweetly in your humble graves1 ,sleep1 martyrs of a fallen cause2 ,though yet no marble column craves ,the pilgrim here to pause4 ,in seeds of laurel in the earth ,the blossom of your fame is blown1 ,and somewhere1 waiting for its birth1 ,the shaft is in the stone4 ,meanwhile1 behalf the tardy years ,which keep in trust your storied tombs1 ,behold6 ,your sisters bring their tears ,and these memorial blooms4 ,small tribute6 but your shades will smile ,more proudly on these wreathes to-day1 ,than when some cannon-molded pile ,shall overlook this bay4 ,stoop1 angels1 hither from the skies6 ,there is no holier spot of ground ,than where defeated valor lies1 ,by mourning beauty crowned4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #cb3 ,by ,henry ,timrod1 an ,american poet 7#ahbi-ahfg74 ,,the ,,chariot ,,race#cc ,orestes8 ,he is dead4 ,i will tell all as it happened4 ,he journeyed forth to attend the great games which ,hellas counts her pride1 to join the ,delphic contests4 ,there he heard the herald's voice1 with loud and clear command1 proclaim1 as coming first1 the chariot race1 and so he entered1 radiant1 every eye admiring as he passed4 ,and in the race he equaled all the promise of his form in those his rounds1 and so with noblest prize of conquest left the ground4 ,summing up in fewest words what many scarce could tell1 ,i know of none in strength and act like him4 ,and having won the prize in all the fivefold forms of race which the umpires had proclaimed1 he then was hailed1 proclaimed an ,argive1 and his name ,orestes1 the son of mighty ,agamemnon1 who once led ,hellas's glorious host4 ,so far1 well4 ,but when a god will injure1 none can escape1 strong though he be4 ,for lo6 another day1 when1 as the sun was rising1 came the race swift-footed of the chariot and the horse1 he entered the contest with many charioteers4 ,one was an ,achan1 one was from ,sparta1 two were from ,libya with four-horsed chariots1 and ,orestes with swift ,thessalian mares came as the fifth4 ,a sixth1 with bright bay colts1 came from tolia2 the seventh was born in far ,magnesia2 the eighth was an nian with white horses2 the ninth was from ,athens1 the city built by the gods2 the tenth and last was a ,boeotian4 ,illustration3 ,the ,chariot ,race4 ,and so they stood1 their cars in order as the umpires had decided by lot4 ,then1 with sound of brazen trumpet1 they started4 ,all cheering their steeds at the same moment1 they shook the reins1 and at once the course was filled with the clash and din of rattling chariots1 and the dust rose high4 ,all were now commingled1 each striving to pass the hubs of his neighbors' wheels4 ,hard and hot were the horses' breathings1 and their backs and the chariot wheels were white with foam4 ,each charioteer1 when he came to the place where the last stone marks the course's goal1 turned the corner sharply1 letting go the right-hand trace horse and pulling the nearer in4 ,and so1 at first1 the chariots kept their course2 but1 at length1 the nian's unbroken colts1 just as they finished their sixth or seventh round1 turned headlong back and dashed at full speed against the chariot wheels of those who were following4 ,then with tremendous uproar1 each crashed on the other1 they fell overturned1 and ,crissa's broad plain was filled with wreck of chariots4 ,the man from ,athens1 skilled and wise as a charioteer1 saw the mischief in time1 turned his steeds aside1 and escaped the whirling1 raging surge of man and horse4 ,last of all1 ,orestes came1 holding his horses in check1 and waiting for the end4 ,but when he saw the ,athenian1 his only rival left1 he urged his colts forward1 shaking the reins and speeding onward4 ,and now the twain continued the race1 their steeds sometimes head to head1 sometimes one gaining ground1 sometimes the other2 and so all the other rounds were passed in safety4 ,upright in his chariot still stood the ill-starred hero4 ,then1 just as his team was turning1 he let loose the left rein unawares1 and struck the farthest pillar1 breaking the spokes right at his axles' center4 ,slipping out of his chariot1 he was dragged along1 with reins dissevered4 ,his frightened colts tore headlong through the midst of the field2 and the people1 seeing him in his desperate plight1 bewailed him greatly--so young1 so noble1 so unfortunate1 now hurled upon the ground1 helpless1 lifeless4 ,the charioteers1 scarcely able to restrain the rushing steeds1 freed the poor broken body--so mangled that not one of all his friends would have known whose it was4 ,they built a pyre and burned it2 and now they bear hither1 in a poor urn of bronze1 the sad ashes of that mighty form--that so ,orestes may have his tomb in his fatherland4 ,such is my tale1 full sad to hear2 but to me who saw this accident1 nothing can ever be more sorrowful4 ,illustration ,,footnote3 ,footnote #cc3 ,translated from the ,electra of ,sophocles1 written about #dej years before ,christ4 ,the narrative is supposed to have been related by the friend and attendant of the hero1 ,orestes4 ,,the ,,coliseum ,,at ,,midnight#cd ,i crossed the ,forum to the foot of the ,palatine1 and1 ascending the ,via ,sacra1 passed beneath the ,arch of ,titus4 ,from this point ,i saw below me the gigantic outline of the ,coliseum1 like a cloud resting upon the earth4 ,as ,i descended the hillside1 it grew more broad and high1--more definite in its form1 and yet more grand in its dimensions1--till1 from the vale in which it stands encompassed by three of the ,seven ,hills of ,rome1 the majestic ruin in all its solitary grandeur swelled vast to heaven4 ,a single sentinel was pacing to and fro beneath the arched gateway which leads to the interior1 and his measured footsteps were the only sound that broke the breathless silence of night4 ,what a contrast with the scene which that same midnight hour presented1 when in ,domitian's time the eager populace began to gather at the gates1 impatient for the morning sports6 ,nor was the contrast within less striking4 ,silence1 and the quiet moonbeams1 and the broad1 deep shadow of the ruined wall6 ,where now were the senators of ,rome1 her matrons1 and her virgins8 ,where was the ferocious populace that rent the air with shouts1 when1 in the hundred holidays that marked the dedication of this imperial slaughter house1 five thousand wild beasts from the ,libyan deserts and the forests of ,anatolia made the arena sick with blood8 ,where were the ,christian martyrs that died with prayers upon their lips1 amid the jeers and imprecations of their fellow men8 ,where were the barbarian gladiators1 brought forth to the festival of blood1 and butchered to make a ,roman holiday8 ,the awful silence answered1 ,they are mine6 ,the dust beneath me answered1 ,they are mine6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #cd3 ,from ,outre ,mer1 by ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow4 ,,expression3 ,learn all you can about the ,coliseum4 ,when was it built8 by whom8 ,for what was it used8 ,,word ,,study3 ,forum1 ,palatine1 ,via ,sacra1 ,titus1 ,domitian1 ,libyan1 ,anatolia4 ,illustration ,,the ,,deacon',s ,,masterpiece#ce ,have you heard of the wonderful one-hoss shay1 ,that was built in such a logical way ,it ran a hundred years to a day1 ,and then1 of a sudden1 it--ah1 but stay1 ,i'll tell you what happened1 without delay1 ,scaring the parson into fits1 ,frightening people out of their wits1-- ,have you ever heard of that1 ,i say8 ,seventeen hundred and fifty-five4 ,georgius ,secundus was then alive1-- ,snuffy old drone from the ,german hive4 ,that was the year when ,lisbon town ,saw the earth open and gulp her down1 ,and ,braddock's army was done so brown1 ,left without a scalp to its crown4 ,it was on the terrible ,earthquake day ,that the ,deacon finished the one-hoss shay4 ,now in building of chaises1 ,i tell you what1 ,there is always somewhere a weakest spot1-- ,in hub1 tire1 felloe1 in spring or thill1 ,in panel1 or crossbar1 or floor1 or sill1 ,in screw1 bolt1 thoroughbrace1--lurking still1 ,find it somewhere1 you must and will1-- ,above or below1 or within or without1-- ,and that's the reason1 beyond a doubt1 ,a chaise breaks down1 but doesn't wear out4 ,but the ,deacon swore 7as ,deacons do1 ,with an ,i dew vum1 or an ,i tell yeou17 ,he would build one shay to beat the taown 'n' the keounty 'n' all the kentry raoun'2 ,it should be so built that it couldn' break daown3 ,fur1 said the ,deacon1 't's mighty plain ,thut the weakes' place mus' stan' the strain2 'n' the way t' fix it1 uz ,i maintain1 ,is only jest ,t' make that place uz strong uz the rest4 ,illustration3 ,the ,deacon's ,masterpiece4 ,so the ,deacon inquired of the village folk ,where he could find the strongest oak1 ,that couldn't be split nor bent nor broke1 ,that was for spokes and floor and sills2 ,he sent for lancewood to make the thills2 ,the crossbars were ash1 from the straightest trees2 ,the panels of white wood1 that cuts like cheese1 ,but lasts like iron for things like these2 ,the hubs of logs from the ,settler's ellum1 ,last of its timber1--they couldn't sell 'em1 ,never an ax had seen their chips1 ,and the wedges flew from between their lips1 ,their blunt ends frizzled like celery tips2 ,step and prop-iron1 bolt and screw1 ,spring1 tire1 axle1 and linchpin1 too1 ,steel of the finest1 bright and blue2 ,thoroughbrace bison skin1 thick and wide2 ,boot1 top1 dasher1 from tough old hide ,found in the pit when the tanner died4 ,that was the way he put her through4-- ,there6 said the ,deacon1 naow she'll dew4 ,do6 ,i tell you1 ,i rather guess ,she was a wonder1 and nothing less6 ,colts grew horses1 beards turned gray1 ,deacon and deaconess dropped away1 ,children and grandchildren--where were they8 ,but there stood the stout old one-hoss shay ,as fresh as on ,lisbon-earthquake day6 ,,eighteen ,,hundred1--it came and found ,the ,deacon's masterpiece strong and sound1 ,eighteen hundred increased by ten1-- ,hahnsum kerridge they called it then4 ,eighteen hundred and twenty came1-- ,running as usual2 much the same4 ,thirty and forty at last arrive1 ,and then come fifty and ,,fifty-,,five4 ,little of all we value here ,wakes on the morn of its hundredth year ,without both feeling and looking queer4 ,in fact1 there's nothing that keeps its youth1 ,so far as ,i know1 but a tree and truth4 7,this is a moral that runs at large2 ,take it1--,you're welcome4--,no extra charge47 ,,first ,,of ,,november1--the ,earthquake day4-- ,there are traces of age in the one-hoss shay1 ,a general flavor of mild decay1 ,but nothing local1 as one may say4 ,there couldn't be1--for the ,deacon's art ,had made it so like in every part ,that there wasn't a chance for one to start1 ,for the wheels were just as strong as the thills1 ,and the floor was just as strong as the sills1 ,and the panels just as strong as the floor1 ,and the whippletree neither less nor more1 ,and the back crossbar as strong as the fore1 ,and spring and axle and hub encore4 ,and yet1 as a whole1 it is past a doubt ,in another hour it will be worn out6 ,illustration ,first of ,november1 ,fifty-five6 ,this morning the parson takes a drive4 ,now1 small boys1 get out of the way6 ,here comes the wonderful one-hoss shay1 ,drawn by a rat-tailed1 ewe-necked bay4 ,huddup6 said the parson4--,off went they4 ,the parson was working his ,sunday's text1-- ,had got to fifthly1 and stopped perplexed ,at what the--,moses--was coming next4 ,all at once the horse stood still1 ,close by the meet'n'house on the hill4 --,first a shiver1 and then a thrill1 ,then something decidedly like a spill1-- ,and the parson was sitting upon a rock1 ,at half-past nine by the meet'n'house clock1-- ,just the hour of the earthquake shock6 --,what do you think the parson found1 ,when he got up and stared around8 ,the poor old chaise in a heap or mound1 ,as if it had been to the mill and ground4 ,you see1 of course1 if you're not a dunce1 ,how it went to pieces all at once1-- ,all at once1 and nothing first1-- ,just as bubbles do when they burst4 ,end of the wonderful one-hoss shay4 ,logic is logic4 ,that's all ,i say4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ce3 ,from ,the ,autocrat or the ,breakfast ,table1 by ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes1 a noted ,american author and physician 7#ahji--ahid74 ,,expression3 ,read the selection silently to appreciate its humor4 ,now read it aloud with careful attention to naturalness of expression4 ,study the historical allusions--,georgius ,secundus1 ,lisbon town1 ,braddock's army1 the ,earthquake day1 etc4 ,read again the passages in which dialect expressions occur4 ,try to speak these passages as the author intended them to be spoken4 ,select the passages which appeal most strongly to your sense of humor4 ,read them in such manner as to make their humorous quality thoroughly appreciable to those who listen to you4 ,now study the selection as a poem1 comparing it with several typical poems which you have already studied4 ,remembering your definition of poetry 7page #ach71 what is the real poetical value of this delightful composition8 ,is it a true poem8 ,find some other poems written by ,dr4 ,holmes4 ,bring them to the class and read them aloud4 ,talk with your teacher about the life of ,dr4 ,holmes and about his prose and poetical works4 ,as a poet1 how does he compare with ,longfellow8 with ,whittier8 with ,walt ,whitman8 with ,browning8 ,,dogs ,,and ,,cats#cf ,most people agree that the dog has intelligence1 a heart1 and possibly a soul2 on the other hand1 they declare that the cat is a traitor1 a deceiver1 an ingrate1 a thief4 ,how many persons have ,i heard say3 ,oh1 ,i can't bear a cat6 ,the cat has no love for its master2 it cares only for the house4 ,i had one once1 for ,i was living in the country1 where there were mice4 ,one day the cook left on the kitchen table a chicken she had just prepared for cooking2 in came the cat1 and carried it off1 and we never saw a morsel of it4 ,oh1 ,i hate cats2 ,i will never have one4 ,true1 the cat is unpopular4 ,her reputation is bad1 and she makes no effort to improve the general opinion which people have of her4 ,she cares as little about your opinion as does the ,sultan of ,turkey4 ,and--must ,i confess--this is the very reason ,i love her4 ,in this world1 no one can long be indifferent to things1 whether trivial or serious--if1 indeed1 anything is serious4 ,hence1 every person must1 sooner or later1 declare himself on the subjects of dogs and cats4 ,well1 then6 ,i love cats4 ,ah1 how many times people have said to me1 ,what6 do you love cats8 ,certainly4 ,well1 don't you love dogs better8 ,no1 ,i prefer cats every time4 ,oh1 that's very queer6 ,the truth is1 ,i would rather have neither cat nor dog4 ,but when ,i am obliged to live with one of these beings1 ,i always choose the cat4 ,i will tell you why4 ,the cat seems to me to have the manners most necessary to good society4 ,in her early youth she has all the graces1 all the gentleness1 all the unexpectedness that the most artistic imagination could desire4 ,she is smart2 she never loses herself4 ,she is prudent1 going everywhere1 looking into everything1 breaking nothing4 ,the cat steals fresh mutton just as the dog steals it1 but1 unlike the dog1 she takes no delight in carrion4 ,she is fastidiously clean--and in this respect1 she might well be imitated by many of her detractors4 ,she washes her face1 and in so doing foretells the weather into the bargain4 ,you may please yourself by putting a ribbon around her neck1 but never a collar2 she cannot be enslaved4 ,in short1 the cat is a dignified1 proud1 disdainful animal4 ,she defies advances and tolerates no insults4 ,she abandons the house in which she is not treated according to her merits4 ,she is1 in both origin and character1 a true aristocrat1 while the dog is and always will be1 a mere vulgar parvenu4 ,the only serious argument that can be urged against the cat is that she destroys the birds1 not caring whether they are sparrows or nightingales4 ,if the dog does less1 it is because of his stupidity and clumsiness1 not because he is above such business4 ,he also runs after the birds2 but his foolish barking warns them of his coming1 and as they fly away he can only watch them with open mouth and drooping tail4 ,the dog submits himself to the slavery of the collar in order to be taught the art of circumventing rabbits and pigeons--and this not for his own profit1 but for the pleasure of his master1 the hunter4 ,foolish1 foolish fellow6 ,an animal himself1 he delights in persecuting other animals at the command of the man who beats him4 ,but the cat1 when she catches a bird1 has a good excuse for her cruelty--she catches it only to eat it herself4 ,shall she be slandered for such an act8 ,before condemning her1 men may well think of their own shortcomings4 ,they will find among themselves1 as well as in the race of cats1 many individuals who have claws and often use them for the destruction of those who are gifted with wings4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #cf3 ,translated from ,alexandre ,dumas1 a noted ,french novelist 7#ahjb-ahgj74 ,,expression3 ,in what does the humor of this selection consist8 ,read aloud and with expression the passages which appeal to you as the most enjoyable4 ,do you agree with all the statements made by the author8 ,read these with which you disagree1 and then give reasons for your disagreement4 ,,the ,,owl ,,critic#cg ,who stuffed that white owl8 ,no one spoke in the shop2 ,the barber was busy1 and he couldn't stop2 ,the customers1 waiting their turns1 were all reading ,the ,daily1 the ,herald1 the ,post1 little heeding ,the young man who blurted out such a blunt question2 ,not one raised a head1 or even made a suggestion2 ,and the barber kept on shaving4 ,don't you see1 ,mister ,brown1 ,cried the youth1 with a frown1 ,how wrong the whole thing is1 ,how preposterous each wing is1 ,how flattened the head is1 how jammed down the neck is-- ,in short1 the whole owl1 what an ignorant wreck 'tis8 ,i make no apology2 ,i've learned owl-eology1 ,i've passed days and nights in a hundred collections1 ,and cannot be blinded to any deflections ,arising from unskillful fingers that fail ,to stuff a bird right1 from his beak to his tail4 ,mister ,brown6 ,mister ,brown6 ,do take that bird down1 ,or you'll soon be the laughingstock all over town6 ,and the barber kept on shaving4 ,illustration3 ,the ,owl ,critic4 ,i've studied owls1 ,and other night fowls1 ,and ,i tell you ,what ,i know to be true3 ,an owl cannot roost ,with his limbs so unloosed2 ,no owl in this world ,ever had his claws curled1 ,ever had his legs slanted1 ,ever had his bill canted1 ,ever had his neck screwed ,into that attitude4 ,he can't do it1 because ',tis against all bird laws4 ,anatomy teaches1 ,ornithology preaches1 ,an owl has a toe ,that can't turn out so6 ,i've made the white owl my study for years1 ,and to see such a job almost moves me to tears6 ,mister ,brown1 ,i'm amazed ,you should be so gone crazed ,as to put up a bird ,in that posture absurd6 ,to look at that owl really brings on a dizziness2 ,the man who stuffed him don't half know his business6 ,and the barber kept on shaving4 ,examine those eyes4 ,i'm filled with surprise ,taxidermists should pass ,off on you such poor glass2 ,so unnatural they seem ,they'd make ,audubon scream1 ,and ,john ,burroughs laugh ,to encounter such chaff4 ,do take that bird down3 ,have him stuffed again1 ,brown6 ,and the barber kept on shaving4 ,with some sawdust and bark ,i could stuff in the dark ,an owl better than that4 ,i could make an old hat ,look more like an owl than that horrid fowl ,stuck up there so stiff like a side of coarse leather4 ,in fact1 about him there's not one natural feather4 ,just then1 with a wink and a sly normal lurch1 ,the owl1 very gravely1 got down from his perch1 ,walked round1 and regarded his fault-finding critic 7,who thought he was stuffed7 with a glance analytic1 ,and then fairly hooted1 as if he should say1 ,your learning's at fault this time1 anyway2 ,don't waste it again on a live bird1 ,i pray4 ,i'm an owl2 you're another4 ,sir ,critic1 good day6 ,and the barber kept on shaving4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #cg3 ,by ,james ,t4 ,fields1 an ,american publisher and author 7#ahag-ahha74 ,,mrs4 ,,caudle',s ,,umbrella ,,lecture#ch ,bah6 ,that's the third umbrella gone since ,christmas4 ,what were you to do8 ,why1 let him go home in the rain1 to be sure4 ,i'm very certain there was nothing about him that could spoil4 ,take cold8 ,indeed6 ,he doesn't look like one of the sort to take cold4 ,besides1 he'd better have taken cold than taken our umbrella4 ,do you hear the rain1 ,mr4 ,caudle8 ,i say1 ,,do ,,you ,,hear ,,the ,,rain8 ,pooh6 don't think me a fool1 ,mr4 ,caudle4 ,don't insult me4 ,he return the umbrella8 ,anybody would think you were born yesterday4 ,as if anybody ever did return an umbrella6 ,i should like to know how the children are to go to school to-morrow4 ,they shan't go through such weather1 ,i'm determined4 ,no6 they shall stay at home and never learn anything--the blessed creatures--sooner than go and get wet4 ,and when they grow up1 ,i wonder whom they'll have to thank for knowing nothing--who1 indeed1 but their father8 ,but ,i know why you lent the umbrella4 ,oh1 yes6 ,i know very well4 ,i was going out to tea at dear mother's to-morrow--you knew that--and you did it on purpose4 ,don't tell me2 you hate to have me to go there1 and take every mean advantage to hinder me4 ,but don't you think it1 ,mr4 ,caudle4 ,no1 sir2 if it comes down in bucketfuls ,i'll go all the more4 ,no6 and ,i won't have a cab6 ,where do you think the money's to come from8 ,you've got nice1 high notions at that club of yours4 ,a cab1 indeed6 ,cost me sixteen pence at least--sixteen pence8--two-and-eight-pence1 for there's back again6 ,cabs1 indeed6 ,i should like to know who is to pay for them6 ,i can't pay for them1 and ,i'm sure you can't if you go on as you do2 throwing away your property and beggaring your children1 buying umbrellas4 ,do you hear the rain1 ,mr4 ,caudle8 ,i say1 ,,do ,,you ,,hear ,,it8 ,but ,i don't care--,i'll go to mother's to-morrow1 ,i will2 and what's more1 ,i'll walk every step of the way2 and you know that will give me my death4 ,don't call me a foolish woman2 it's you that's the foolish man4 ,you know ,i can't wear clogs2 and with no umbrella1 the wet's sure to give me a cold--it always does4 ,but what do you care for that8 ,nothing at all4 ,i may be laid up for what you care1 as ,i dare say ,i shall--and a pretty doctor's bill there'll be4 ,i hope there will6 ,it will teach you to lend your umbrella again4 ,i shouldn't wonder if ,i caught my death2 and that's what you lent your umbrella for4 ,of course6 ,nice clothes ,i shall get1 too1 traipsing through weather like this4 ,my gown and bonnet will be spoiled quite4 ,needn't ,i wear them1 then8 ,indeed1 ,mr4 ,caudle1 ,i shall wear them4 ,no1 sir2 ,i'm not going out a dowdy to please you or anybody else4 ,gracious knows1 it isn't often ,i step over the threshold2 indeed1 ,i might as well be a slave at once--better1 ,i should say4 ,but when ,i go out1 ,mr4 ,caudle1 ,i choose to go as a lady4 ,ugh6 ,i look forward with dread for to-morrow4 ,how ,i'm to go to mother's ,i'm sure ,i can't tell4 ,but1 if ,i die1 ,i'll go4 ,no1 sir2 ,i won't borrow an umbrella4 ,no2 and you shan't buy one4 ,mr4 ,caudle1 if you bring home another umbrella1 ,i'll throw it into the street4 ,ha6 it was only last week ,i had a new nozzle put to that umbrella4 ,i'm sure if ,i'd known as much as ,i do now1 it might have gone without one1 for all of me4 ,the children1 too1 dear things1 they'll be sopping wet2 for they shan't stay at home2 they shan't lose their learning2 it's all their father will leave them1 ,i'm sure4 ,but they shall go to school4 ,don't tell me ,i said they shouldn't2 you are so aggravating1 ,caudle1 you'd spoil the temper of an angel2 they shall go to school2 mark that6 ,and if they get their deaths of cold1 it's not my fault4 ,i didn't lend the umbrella4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ch3 ,by ,douglas ,william ,jerrold1 an ,english humorous writer 7#ahjc-aheg74 ,,note3 ,which of the various specimens of humor here presented do you enjoy most8 ,give reasons4 ,,the ,,dark ,,day ,,in ,,connecticut#ci ',twas on a ,mayday of the far old year1 ,seventeen hundred eighty1 that there fell ,over the bloom and sweet life of the spring1 ,over the fresh earth and the heaven of noon1 ,a horror of great darkness1 like the night ,in day of which the ,norland sagas tell1-- ,the ,twilight of the ,gods4444 ,birds ceased to sing1 and all the barnyard fowls ,roosted2 the cattle at the pasture bars ,lowed1 and looked homeward2 bats on leathern wings ,flitted abroad2 the sounds of labor died2 ,men prayed1 and women wept2 all ears grew sharp ,to hear the doom blast of the trumpet shatter ,the black sky1 that the dreadful face of ,christ ,might look from the rent clouds1 not as he looked ,a loving guest at ,bethany1 but stern ,as ,justice and inexorable ,law4 ,meanwhile in the old statehouse1 dim as ghosts1 ,sat the lawgivers of ,connecticut1 ,trembling beneath their legislative robes4 ,it is the ,lord's ,great ,day6 ,let us adjourn1 ,some said2 and then as if with one accord ,all eyes were turned to ,abraham ,davenport4 ,illustration3 ,the ,dark ,day ,in ,connecticut4 ,he rose1 slow cleaving with his steady voice ,the intolerable hush4 ,this well may be ,the ,day of ,judgment which the world awaits2 ,but be it so or not1 ,i only know ,my present duty1 and my ,lord's command ,to occupy till he come4 ,so at the post ,where he hath set me in his providence1 ,i choose1 for one1 to meet him face to face1-- ,no faithless servant frightened from my task1 ,but ready when the ,lord of the harvest calls2 ,and therefore1 with all reverence1 ,i would say1 ,let ,god do his work1 we will see to ours4-- ,bring in the candles6 ,and they brought them in4 ,then1 by the flaring lights the ,speaker read1 ,albeit with husky voice and shaking hands1 ,an act to amend an act to regulate ,the shad and alewive fisheries4 ,whereupon ,wisely and well spake ,abraham ,davenport1 ,straight to the question1 with no figures of speech ,save the ten ,arab signs1 yet not without ,the shrewd1 dry humor natural to the man-- ,his awestruck colleagues listening all the while1 ,between the pauses of his argument1 ,to hear the thunder of the wrath of ,god ,break from the hollow trumpet of the cloud4 ,and there he stands in memory to this day1 ,erect1 self-poised1 a rugged face1 half seen ,against the background of unnatural dark1 ,a witness to the ages as they pass1 ,that simple duty hath no place for fear4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ci3 ,from ,abraham ,davenport1 by ,john ,greenleaf ,whittier4 ,,two ,,interesting ,,letters ,i4 ,,columbus ,,to ,,the ,,lord ,,treasurer ,,of ,,spain ,,barcelona1 #adic4 ,,to ,,lord ,,raphael ,,sanchez3-- ,knowing that it will afford you pleasure to learn that ,i have brought my undertaking to a successful termination1 ,i have decided upon writing you this letter to acquaint you with all the events which have occurred in my voyage1 and the discoveries which have resulted from it4 ,illustration ,thirty-three days after my departure from ,cadiz ,i reached the ,indian sea1 where ,i discovered many islands1 thickly peopled1 of which ,i took possession without resistance in the name of our most illustrious monarchs1 by public proclamation and with unfurled banners4 ,to the first of these islands1 which is called by the ,indians ,guanahani1 ,i gave the name of the blessed ,saviour1 relying upon whose protection ,i had reached this as well as the other islands4 ,as soon as we arrived at that1 which as ,i have said was named ,juana1 ,i proceeded along its coast a short distance westward1 and found it to be so large and apparently without termination1 that ,i could not suppose it to be an island1 but the continental province of ,cathay4 ,in the meantime ,i had learned from some ,indians whom ,i had seized1 that the country was certainly an island2 and therefore ,i sailed toward the east1 coasting to the distance of three hundred and twenty-two miles1 which brought us to the extremity of it2 from this point ,i saw lying eastwards another island1 fifty-four miles distant from ,juana1 to which ,i gave the name ,espaola4 ,all these islands are very beautiful1 and distinguished by a diversity of scenery2 they are filled with a great variety of trees of immense height1 and which ,i believe to retain their foliage in all seasons2 for when ,i saw them they were as verdant and luxurious as they usually are in ,spain in the month of ,may1--some of them were blossoming1 some bearing fruit1 and all flourishing in the greatest perfection1 according to their respective stages of growth1 and the nature and quality of each2 yet the islands are not so thickly wooded as to be impassable4 ,the nightingale and various birds were singing in countless numbers1 and that in ,november1 the month in which ,i arrived there4 ,the inhabitants are very simple and honest1 and exceedingly liberal with all they have2 none of them refusing anything he may possess when he is asked for it1 but on the contrary inviting us to ask them4 ,they exhibit great love toward all others in preference to themselves3 they also give objects of great value for trifles1 and content themselves with very little or nothing in return4 ,i1 however1 forbade that these trifles and articles of no value 7such as pieces of dishes1 plates1 and glass1 keys1 and leather straps7 should be given to them1 although1 if they could obtain them1 they imagined themselves to be possessed of the most beautiful trinkets in the world4 ,it even happened that a sailor received for a leather strap as much gold as was worth three golden nobles1 and for things of more trifling value offered by our men1 the ,indian would give whatever the seller required4 ,on my arrival ,i had taken some ,indians by force from the first island that ,i came to1 in order that they might learn our language4 ,these men are still traveling with me1 and although they have been with us now a long time1 they continue to entertain the idea that ,i have descended from heaven2 and on our arrival at any new place they published this1 crying out immediately with a loud voice to the other ,indians1 ,come1 come and look upon beings of a celestial race3 upon which both men and women1 children and adults1 young men and old1 when they got rid of the fear they at first entertained1 would come out in throngs1 crowding the roads to see us1 some bringing food1 others drink1 with astonishing affection and kindness4 ,although all ,i have related may appear to be wonderful and unheard of1 yet the results of my voyage would have been more astonishing if ,i had had at my disposal such ships as ,i required4 ,but these great and marvelous results are not to be attributed to any merit of mine1 but to the holy ,christian faith1 and to the piety and religion of our ,sovereigns2 for that which the unaided intellect of man could not compass1 the spirit of ,god has granted to human exertions1 for ,god is wont to hear the prayers of his servants who love his precepts even to the performance of apparent impossibilities4 ,thus it has happened to me in the present instance1 who have accomplished a task to which the powers of mortal men had never hitherto attained2 for if there have been those who have anywhere written or spoken of these islands1 they have done so with doubts and conjectures1 and no one has ever asserted that he has seen them1 on which account their writings have been looked upon as little else than fables4 ,therefore let the king and queen1 our princes and their most happy kingdoms1 and all the other provinces of ,christendom1 render thanks to our ,lord and ,saviour ,jesus ,christ1 who has granted us so great a victory and such prosperity4 ,,christopher ,,columbus4 ,,expression3 ,in connection with this letter1 read again the story of the discovery as narrated by ,washington ,irving1 page #dc4 ,in what respect do the two accounts differ8 ,,ii4 ,,governor ,,winslow ,,to ,a ,,friend ,,in ,,england ,,dear ,,friend1-- ,although ,i received no letter from you by this ship1 yet forasmuch as ,i know you expect the performance of my promise1 which was to write to you truly and faithfully of all things1 ,i have therefore1 at this time1 sent unto you accordingly1 referring you for further satisfaction to our more large relations4 ,illustration ,you shall understand that in this little time that a few of us have been here1 we have built seven dwelling houses and four for the use of the plantation1 and have made preparation for divers others4 ,we set the last spring some twenty acres of ,indian corn1 and sowed some six acres of barley and pease2 and according to the manner of the ,indians1 we manured our ground with herrings1 or rather shads1 which we have in great abundance1 and take with great ease at our doors4 ,our corn did prove well2 and ,god be praised1 we had a good increase of ,indian corn1 and our barley indifferent good1 but our pease not worth the gathering1 for we feared they were too late sown4 ,they came up very well1 and blossomed2 but the sun parched them in the blossom4 ,our harvest being gotten in1 our governor sent four men on fowling1 that so we might1 after a special manner1 rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors4 ,they four1 in one day1 killed as much fowl as with a little help beside1 served the company almost a week4 ,at which time1 amongst other recreations1 we exercised our arms1 many of the ,indians coming among us1 and among the rest their greatest king1 ,massasoit1 with some ninety men1 whom for three days we entertained and feasted2 and they went out and killed five deer1 which they brought to the plantation1 and bestowed upon our governor1 and upon the captain and others4 ,and although it be not always so plentiful as it was at this time with us1 yet by the goodness of ,god we are so far from want1 that we often wish you partakers of our plenty4444 ,we have often found the ,indians very faithful in their covenant of peace with us1 very loving1 and ready to pleasure us4 ,we often go to them1 and they come to us4444 ,yea1 it hath pleased ,god so to possess the ,indians with a fear of us and love to us1 that not only the greatest king amongst them1 called ,massasoit1 but also all the princes and peoples round about us1 have either made suit to us1 or been glad of any occasion to make peace with us2 so that seven of them at once have sent their messengers to us to that end4444 ,they are a people without any religion or knowledge of any ,god1 yet very trusty1 quick of apprehension1 ripe-witted1 just4444 ,now1 because ,i expect you coming unto us1 with other of our friends1 ,i thought good to advertise you of a few things needful4 ,be careful to have a very good bread room to put your biscuits in4 ,let not your meat be dry-salted2 none can better do it than the sailors4 ,let your meal be so hard trod in your cask that you shall need an adz or hatchet to work it out with4 ,trust not too much on us for corn at this time1 for we shall have little enough till harvest4 ,build your cabins as open as you can1 and bring good store of clothes and bedding with you4 ,bring every man a musket or fowling piece4 ,let your piece be long in the barrel1 and fear not the weight of it1 for most of our shooting is from stands4 ,i forbear further to write for the present1 hoping to see you by the next return4 ,so ,i take my leave1 commending you to the ,lord for a safe conduct unto us1 resting in him1 ,your loving friend1 ,,edward ,,winslow4 ,plymouth in ,new ,england1 this #aath of ,december1 #afba4 ,,poems ,,of ,,home ,,and ,,country ,i4 ,,this ,,is ,,my ,,own1 ,,my ,,native ,,land#dj ,breathes there the man with soul so dead1 ,who never to himself hath said1 ,this is my own1 my native land6 ,whose heart hath ne'er within him burned ,as home his footsteps he hath turned1 ,from wandering on a foreign strand8 ,if such there breathe1 go1 mark him well4 ,for him no minstrel raptures swell2 ,high though his titles1 proud his name1 ,boundless his wealth as wish can claim2 ,despite those titles1 power1 and pelf1 ,the wretch concentered all in self1 ,living1 shall forfeit fair renown1 ,and1 doubly dying1 shall go down ,to the vile dust1 from whence he sprung1 ,unwept1 unhonored1 and unsung4 ,o ,caledonia6 stern and wild1 ,meet nurse for a poetic child6 ,land of brown heath and shaggy wood1 ,land of the mountain and the flood1 ,land of my sires6 what mortal hand ,can e'er untie the filial band1 ,that knits me to thy rugged strand8 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #dj3 ,from the ,lay of the ,last ,minstrel1 by ,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,,ii4 ,,the ,,green ,,little ,,shamrock ,,of ,,ireland#da ,there's a dear little plant that grows in our isle1 ',twas ,st4 ,patrick himself1 sure1 that set it2 ,and the sun on his labor with pleasure did smile1 ,and with dew from his eye often wet it4 ,it thrives through the bog1 through the brake1 through the mireland1 ,and its name is the dear little shamrock of ,ireland-- ,the sweet little shamrock1 the dear little shamrock1 ,the sweet little1 green little shamrock of ,ireland4 ,this dear little plant still grows in our land1 ,fresh and fair as the daughters of ,erin1 ,whose smiles can bewitch1 whose eyes can command1 ,in what climate they chance to appear in2 ,for they shine through the bog1 through the brake1 through the mireland1 ,just like their own dear little shamrock of ,ireland-- ,the sweet little shamrock1 the dear little shamrock1 ,the sweet little1 green little shamrock of ,ireland4 ,this dear little plant that springs from our soil1 ,when its three little leaves are extended1 ,betokens that each for the other should toil1 ,and ourselves by ourselves be befriended1-- ,and still through the bog1 through the brake1 through the mireland1 ,from one root should branch like the shamrock of ,ireland-- ,the sweet little shamrock1 the dear little shamrock1 ,the sweet little1 green little shamrock of ,ireland6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #da3 ,by ,andrew ,cherry1 an ,irish poet 7#agfb-ahab74 ,,iii4 ,,my ,,heart',s ,,in ,,the ,,highlands#db ,my heart's in the ,highlands1 my heart is not here2 ,my heart's in the ,highlands a-chasing the deer1 ,chasing the wild deer and following the roe-- ,my heart's in the ,highlands wherever ,i go4 ,farewell to the ,highlands1 farewell to the ,north1 ,the birthplace of valor1 the country of worth2 ,wherever ,i wander1 wherever ,i rove1 ,the hills of the ,highlands forever ,i love4 ,farewell to the mountains high covered with snow2 ,farewell to the straths and green valleys below2 ,farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods2 ,farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods4 ,my heart's in the ,highlands1 my heart is not here2 ,my heart's in the ,highlands a-chasing the deer1 ,chasing the wild deer and following the roe-- ,my heart's in the ,highlands wherever ,i go4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #db3 ,by ,robert ,burns1 a famous ,scottish poet 7#agei-agif74 ,,iv4 ,,the ,,fatherland#dc ,where is the true man's fatherland8 ,is it where he by chance is born8 ,doth not the yearning spirit scorn ,in such scant borders to be spanned8 ,oh1 yes6 his fatherland must be ,as the blue heaven wide and free6 ,is it alone where freedom is1 ,where ,god is ,god1 and man is man8 ,doth he not claim a broader span ,for the soul's love of home than this8 ,oh1 yes6 his fatherland must be ,as the blue heaven wide and free6 ,where'er a human heart doth wear ,joy's myrtle wreath or sorrow's gyves1 ,where'er a human spirit strives ,after a life more true and fair1 ,there is the true man's birthplace grand1 ,his is a world-wide fatherland6 ,where'er a single slave doth pine1 ,where'er one man may help another1-- ,thank ,god for such a birthright1 brother1-- ,that spot of earth is thine and mine6 ,there is the true man's birthplace grand1 ,his is a world-wide fatherland6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #dc3 ,by ,james ,russell ,lowell4 ,v4 ,,home#dd ,but where to find that happiest spot below1 ,who can direct when all pretend to know8 ,the shuddering tenant of the frigid zone ,boldly proclaims that happiest spot his own-- ,extols the treasures of his stormy seas1 ,and his long nights of revelry and ease2 ,the naked negro1 panting at the line1 ,boasts of his golden sands and palmy wine1 ,basks in the glare1 or stems the tepid wave1 ,and thanks his gods for all the good they gave4 ,such is the patriot's boast1 where'er we roam1 ,his first1 best country1 ever is at home4 ,and yet1 perhaps1 if countries we compare1 ,and estimate the blessings which they share1 ,though patriots flatter1 still shall wisdom find ,an equal portion dealt to all mankind2 ,as different good1 by art or nature given1 ,to different nations makes their blessing even4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #dd3 ,by ,oliver ,goldsmith4 ,,expression3 ,read all of these poems silently with a view towards sympathizing with the feelings which they express4 ,now read each one separately1 and compare them1 one with another4 ,what is the leading sentiment inculcated by each8 ,which poem appeals the most strongly to your own emotions8 ,,word ,,study3 ,caledonia1 shamrock1 brake1 ,erin1 gyves1 yearning1 frigid1 tepid1 patriot4 ,,the ,,age ,,of ,,coal#de ,come with me1 in fancy1 back to those early ages of the world1 thousands1 yes millions1 of years ago4 ,stand with me on some low ancient hill1 which overlooks the flat and swampy lands that are to become the ,american continent4 ,few heights are yet in sight4 ,the future ,rocky ,mountains lie still beneath the surface of the sea4 ,the ,alleghanies are not yet heaved up above the level surface of the ground1 for over them are spread the boggy lands and thick forests of future coal fields4 ,the ,mississippi ,river is not yet in existence1 or if in existence1 is but an unimportant little stream4 ,below us1 as we stand1 we can see a broad and sluggish body of water1 in places widening into shallow lakes4 ,on either side of this stream1 vast forests extend in every direction as far as the horizon1 bounded on one side by the distant ocean1 clothing each hilly rise1 and sending islets of matted trees and shrubs floating down the waters4 ,strange forests these are to us4 ,no oaks1 no elms1 no beeches1 no birches1 no palms1 nor many colored wild flowers are there4 ,the deciduous plants so common in our modern forests are nowhere found2 but enormous club mosses are seen1 as well as splendid pines and an abundance of ancient trees with waving1 frondlike leaves4 ,here also are graceful tree ferns and countless ferns of lower growth filling up all gaps4 ,illustration ,no wild quadrupeds are yet in existence1 and the silent forests are enlivened only by the stirring of the breeze among the trees or the occasional hum of monstrous insects4 ,but upon the margin of yonder stream a huge four-footed creature creeps slowly along4 ,he looks much like a gigantic salamander1 and his broad1 soft feet make deep impressions in the yielding mud4 ,no sunshine but only a gleam of light can creep through the misty atmosphere4 ,the earth seems clothed in a garment of clouds1 and the air is positively reeking with damp warmth1 like the air of a hothouse4 ,this explains the luxuriant growth of foliage4 ,could we thus stand upon the hilltops and keep watch through the long coal building ages1 we should see generation after generation of forest trees and underwoods living1 withering1 dying1 falling to earth4 ,slowly a layer of dead and decaying vegetation thus collects1 over which the forest flourishes still--tree for tree1 and shrub for shrub1 springing up in the place of each one that dies4 ,then1 after a very long time1 through the working of mighty underground forces1 the broad lands sink a little way--perhaps only a few feet--and the ocean tide rushes in1 overwhelming the forests1 trees and plants and living creatures1 in one dire desolation4--,no1 not dire1 for the ruin is not objectless or needless4 ,it is all a part of the wonderful preparation for the life of man on earth4 ,under the waves lie the overwhelmed forests--prostrate trunks and broken stumps in countless numbers overspreading the gathered vegetable remains of centuries before4 ,upon these the sea builds a protective covering of sand or mud1 more or less thick4 ,here sea creatures come to live1 fishes swim hungrily to and fro1 and shellfishes die in the mud which1 by and by1 is to become firm rock with stony animal remains embedded in it4 ,after a while the land rises again to its former position4 ,there are bare1 sandy flats as before1 but they do not remain bare4 ,lichens and hardier plants find a home4 ,the light spores of the ancient forest trees take root and grow1 and luxuriant forests1 like those of old1 spring again into being4 ,upon river and lake bottoms1 and over the low damp lands1 rich layers of decaying vegetation again collect4 ,then once more the land sinks and the ocean tide pours in2 and another sandy or muddy stratum is built up on the overflowed lands4 ,thus the second layer of forest growth is buried like the first1 and both lie quietly through the long ages following1 hidden from sight1 slowly changing in their substance from wood to shining coal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,thus time after time1 the land rose and sank1 rose and sank1 again and again4 ,not the whole continent is believed to have risen or sunk at the same time2 but here at one period1 there at another period1 the movements probably went on4 ,the greater part of the vegetable mass decayed slowly2 but when the final ruin of the forest came1 whole trunks were snapped off close to the roots and flung down4 ,these are now found in numbers on the tops of the coal layers1 the barks being flattened and changed to shining black coal4 ,how wonderful the tale of those ancient days told to us by these buried forests6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #de3 ,by ,agnes ,giberne1 an ,english writer on scientific subjects4 ,,something ,,about ,,the ,,moon#df ,i am going to say a few words about the moon2 but there are many matters relating to her of great interest which ,i must leave untouched1 for the simple reason that there is not room to speak of them in a single paper4 ,thus the moon's changes of shape from the horned moon to the half1 and thence to the full moon1 with the following changes from full to half1 and so to the horned form again1 are well worth studying2 but ,i should want all the space ,i am going to occupy1 merely to explain properly those changes alone4 ,so a study of the way in which the moon rules the tides would1 ,i am sure1 interest every thoughtful reader2 but there is not room for it here4 ,let us now turn to consider the moon2 not as the light which makes our nights beautiful1 nor as the body which governs the mighty ocean in its tidal sway1 but as another world1--the companion planet of the earth4 ,it has always been a matter not only of the deepest curiosity1 but of the greatest scientific import1 whether other planets1 and particularly our own satellite1 are inhabited or exhibit any traces whatever of animal or vegetable life4 ,one or two astronomers have claimed the discovery of vegetation on the moon's surface by reason of the periodic appearance of a greenish tint2 but as the power of the telescope can bring the moon to within only about a hundred and twenty miles of us1 these alleged appearances cannot be satisfactorily verified4 ,the moon is a globe1 two thousand one hundred and sixty-five miles in diameter2 very much less1 therefore1 than our earth1 which has a diameter of about seven thousand nine hundred and twenty miles4 ,thus the moon's surface is less than one thirteenth of the earth's4 ,instead of two hundred millions of square miles as the earth has1 the moon has only about fourteen millions of square miles1 or about the same surface as ,north and ,south ,america together1 without the great ,american ,islands of the ,arctic regions4 ,the volume of the earth exceeds that of the moon more than forty-nine times4 ,but the moon's substance is somewhat lighter4 ,thus the mass1 or quantity of matter in the moon1 instead of being a forty-ninth part of the earth's1 is about an eighty-first part4 ,this small companion world travels like our own earth around the sun1 at a distance of ninety-three millions of miles4 ,the path of the moon around the sun is1 in fact1 so nearly the same as that of the earth that it would be almost impossible to distinguish one from the other1 if they were both drawn on a sheet of paper a foot or so in diameter4 ,you may perhaps be surprised to find me thus saying that the moon travels round the sun1 when you have been accustomed to hear that the moon travels round the earth4 ,in reality1 however1 it is round the sun the moon travels1 though certainly the moon and the earth circle around each other4 ,the distance of the moon from the earth is not always the same2 but the average1 or mean distance1 amounts to about two hundred and thirty-eight thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight miles4 ,this is the distance between the centers of the two globes4 ,with this distance separating them1 the companion worlds--the earth and the moon--circle round each other1 as they both travel round the central sun4 ,but now you will be curious to learn whether our companion planet1 the moon1 really presents the appearance of a world1 when studied with a powerful telescope4 ,if we judged the moon in this way1 we should say that she is not only not inhabited by living creatures1 but that she could not possibly be inhabited4 ,what is it that makes our earth a fit abode for us who live upon it8 ,her surface is divided into land and water4 ,we live on the land2 but without the water we should perish4 ,were there no water1 there would be no clouds1 no rain1 no snow1 no rivers1 brooks1 or other streams4 ,without these1 there could be no vegetable life2 and without vegetable life1 there could be no animal life1 even if animals themselves could live without water4 ,yet again1 the earth's globe is enwrapped in an atmosphere1--the air we breathe4 ,without this air1 neither animals nor vegetables could live4 ,i might go further and show other features of the earth1 which we are at present justified in regarding as essential to the mere existence1 and still more to the comfort1 of creatures living upon the earth4 ,now1 before the telescope was invented1 many astronomers believed that there was water on the moon1 and probably air also4 ,but as soon as ,galileo examined the moon with his largest telescope 7and a very weak telescope it was71 he found that whatever the dark parts of the moon may be1 they certainly are not seas4 ,more and more powerful telescopes have since been turned on the moon4 ,it has been shown that there are not only no seas1 but no rivers1 pools1 lakes1 or other water surfaces4 ,no clouds are ever seen to gather over any part of the moon's surface4 ,in fact1 nothing has ever yet been seen on the moon which suggests in the slightest degree the existence of water on her surface1 or even that water could at present possibly exist2 and1 of course1 without water it is safe to infer there could be neither vegetable nor animal existence4 ,it would seem1 then1 that apart from the absence of air on the moon1 there is such an entire absence of water that no creatures now living on the earth could possibly exist upon the moon4 ,certainly man could not exist there1 nor could animals belonging to any except the lowest orders of animal life4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #df3 ,by ,richard ,a4 ,proctor1 a noted ,english astronomer 7#ahcg-ahhh74 ,,the ,,coming ,,of ,,the ,,birds#dg ,i know the trusty almanac ,of the punctual coming-back1 ,on their due days1 of the birds4 ,i marked them yestermorn1 ,a flock of finches darting ,beneath the crystal arch1 ,piping1 as they flew1 a march1-- ,belike the one they used in parting ,last year from yon oak or larch2 ,dusky sparrows in a crowd1 ,diving1 darting northward free1 ,suddenly betook them all1 ,every one to his hole in the wall1 ,or to his niche in the apple tree4 ,i greet with joy the choral trains ,fresh from palms and ,cuba's canes4 ,best gems of ,nature's cabinet1 ,with dews of tropic morning wet1 ,beloved of children1 bards and ,spring1 ,o birds1 your perfect virtues bring1 ,your song1 your forms1 your rhythmic flight1 ,your manners for the heart's delight2 ,nestle in hedge1 or barn1 or roof1 ,here weave your chamber weather-proof1 ,forgive our harms1 and condescend ,to man1 as to a lubber friend1 ,and1 generous1 teach his awkward race ,courage and probity and grace6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #dg3 ,by ,ralph ,waldo ,emerson1 an ,american poet and philosopher 7#ahjc-ahhb74 ,,the ,,return ,,of ,,the ,,birds#dh ,the coming and going of the birds is more or less a mystery and a surprise4 ,we go out in the morning1 and no thrush or finch is to be heard2 we go out again1 and every tree and grove is musical2 yet again1 and all is silent4 ,who saw them come8 ,who saw them depart8 ,this pert little winter wren1 for instance1 darting in and out the fence1 diving under the rubbish here and coming up yards away1--how does he manage with those little circular wings to compass degrees and zones1 and arrive always in the nick of time8 ,last ,august ,i saw him in the remotest wilds of the ,adirondacks1 impatient and inquisitive as usual2 a few weeks later1 on the ,potomac1 ,i was greeted by the same hardy little busybody4 ,does he travel by easy stages from bush to bush and from wood to wood8 or has that compact little body force and courage to brave the night and the upper air1 and so achieve leagues at one pull8 ,and yonder bluebird1 with the earth tinge on his breast and the sky tinge on his back1--did he come down out of heaven on that bright ,march morning when he told us so softly and plaintively that spring had come8 ,indeed1 there is nothing in the return of the birds more curious and suggestive than in the first appearance1 or rumors of the appearance1 of this little bluecoat4 ,the bird at first seems a mere wandering voice in the air2 one hears its call or carol on some bright ,march morning1 but is uncertain of its source or direction2 it falls like a drop of rain when no cloud is visible2 one looks and listens1 but to no purpose4 ,the weather changes1 perhaps a cold snap with snow comes on1 and it may be a week before ,i hear the note again1 and this time or the next perchance see the bird sitting on a stake in the fence1 lifting his wing as he calls cheerily to his mate4 ,its notes now become daily more frequent2 the birds multiply1 and1 flitting from point to point1 call and warble more confidently and gleefully4 ,not long after the bluebird comes the robin1 sometimes in ,march1 but in most of the ,northern states ,april is the month of the robin4 ,in large numbers they scour the field and groves4 ,you hear their piping in the meadow1 in the pasture1 on the hillside4 ,walk in the woods1 and the dry leaves rustle with the whir of their wings1 the air is vocal with their cheery call4 ,in excess of joy and vivacity1 they run1 leap1 scream1 chase each other through the air1 diving and sweeping among the trees with perilous rapidity4 ,in that free1 fascinating1 half work and half play pursuit1--sugar making1--a pursuit which still lingers in many parts of ,new ,york1 as in ,new ,england1 the robin is one's constant companion4 ,when the day is sunny and the ground bare1 you meet him at all points and hear him at all hours4 ,at sunset1 on the tops of the tall maples1 with look heavenward1 and in a spirit of utter abandonment1 he carols his simple strain4 ,and sitting thus amid the stark1 silent trees1 above the wet1 cold earth1 with the chill of winter in the air1 there is no fitter or sweeter songster in the whole round year4 ,it is in keeping with the scene and the occasion4 ,how round and genuine the notes are1 and how eagerly our ears drink them in6 ,the first utterance1 and the spell of winter is thoroughly broken1 and the remembrance of it afar off4 ,another ,april bird1 which makes her appearance sometimes earlier and sometimes later than ,robin1 and whose memory ,i fondly cherish1 is the ,phoebe bird1 the pioneer of the fly catchers4 ,in the inland fanning districts1 ,i used to notice her1 on some bright morning about ,easter ,day1 proclaiming her arrival with much variety of motion and attitude1 from the peak of the barn or hay shed4 ,as yet1 you may have heard only the plaintive1 homesick note of the bluebird1 or the faint trill of the song sparrow2 and ,phoebe's clear1 vivacious assurance of her veritable bodily presence among us again is welcomed by all ears4 ,at agreeable intervals in her lay she describes a circle1 or an ellipse in the air1 ostensibly prospecting for insects1 but really1 ,i suspect1 as an artistic flourish1 thrown in to make up in some way for the deficiency of her musical performance4 ,another ,april comer1 who arrives shortly after robin redbreast1 with whom he associates both at this season and in the autumn1 is the golden-winged woodpecker1 alias high-hole1 alias flicker1 alias yarup4 ,he is an old favorite of my boyhood1 and his note to me means very much4 ,he announces his arrival by a long1 loud call1 repeated from the dry branch of some tree1 or a stake in the fence1--a thoroughly melodious ,april sound4 ,i think how ,solomon finished that beautiful climax on spring1 ,and the voice of the turtle is heard in the land1 and see that a description of spring in this farming country1 to be equally characteristic1 should culminate in like manner1 ,and the call of the high-hole comes up from the wood4 ,the song sparrow1 that universal favorite and firstling of the spring1 comes before ,april1 and its simple strain gladdens all hearts4 ,may is the month of the swallows and the orioles4 ,there are many other distinguished arrivals1 indeed1 nine tenths of the birds are here by the last week in ,may1 yet the swallows and orioles are the most conspicuous4 ,the bright plumage of the latter seems really like an arrival from the tropics4 ,i see them flash through the blossoming trees1 and all the forenoon hear their incessant warbling and wooing4 ,the swallows dive and chatter about the barn1 or squeak and build beneath the eaves2 the partridge drums in the fresh sprouting woods2 the long1 tender note of the meadow lark comes up from the meadow2 and at sunset1 from every marsh and pond come the ten thousand voices of the hylas4 ,may is the transition month1 and exists to connect ,april and ,june1 the root with the flower4 ,with ,june the cup is full1 our hearts are satisfied1 there is no more to be desired4 ,the perfection of the season1 among other things1 has brought the perfection of the song and plumage of the birds4 ,the master artists are all here1 and the expectations excited by the robin and the song sparrow are fully justified4 ,the thrushes have all come2 and ,i sit down upon the first rock1 with hands full of the pink azalea1 to listen4 ,in the meadows the bobolink is in all his glory2 in the high pastures the field sparrow sings his breezy vesper hymn2 and the woods are unfolding to the music of the thrushes4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #dh3 ,by ,john ,burroughs4 ,,expression3 ,read again the four descriptive selections beginning on page #agi4 ,observe the wide difference in style of composition4 ,of the three prose extracts1 which is the most interesting to you8 ,give reasons why this is so4 ,which passages require the most animation in reading8 ,read these passages so that those who are listening to you may fully appreciate their meaning4 ,,the ,,poet ,,and ,,the ,,bird ,i4 ,,the ,,song ,,of ,,the ,,lark ,on a pleasant evening in late summer the poet ,percy ,bysshe ,shelley and his wife1 ,mary ,shelley1 were walking near the city of ,leghorn in ,italy4 ,the sky was cloudless1 the air was soft and balmy1 and the earth seemed hushed into a restful stillness4 ,the green lane along which they were walking was bordered by myrtle hedges1 where crickets were softly chirping and fireflies were already beginning to light their lamps4 ,from the fields beyond the hedges the grateful smell of new-mown hay was wafted1 while in the hazy distance the church towers of the city glowed yellow in the last rays of the sun1 and the gray-green sea rippled softly in the fading light of day4 ,suddenly1 from somewhere above them1 a burst of music fell upon their ears4 ,it receded upward1 but swelled into an ecstatic harmony1 with fluttering intervals and melodious swervings such as no musician's art can imitate4 ,what is that8 asked the poet1 as the song seemed to die away in the blue vault of heaven4 ,it is a skylark1 answered his wife4 ,nay1 said the poet1 his face all aglow with the joy of the moment2 no mere bird ever poured forth such strains of music as that4 ,i think1 rather1 that it is some blithe spirit embodied as a bird4 ,let us imagine that it is so1 said ,mary4 ,but1 hearken4 ,it is singing again1 and soaring as it sings4 ,yes1 and ,i can see it1 too1 like a flake of gold against the pale purple of the sky4 ,it is so high that it soars in the bright rays of the sun1 while we below are in the twilight shade4 ,and now it is descending again1 and the air is filled with its song4 ,hark to the rain of melody which it showers down upon us4 ,they listened enraptured1 while the bird poured forth its flood of song4 ,when at length it ceased1 and the two walked home in the deepening twilight1 the poet said3-- ,we shall never know just what it was that sang so gloriously4 ,but1 ,mary1 what do you think is most like it8 ,a poet1 she answered4 ,there is nothing so like it as a poet wrapt in his own sweet thoughts and singing till the world is made to sing with him for very joy4 ,and ,i1 said he1 would compare it to a beautiful maiden singing for love in some high palace tower1 while all who hear her are bewitched by the enchanting melody4 ,and ,i1 said she1 would compare it to a red1 red rose sitting among its green leaves and giving its sweet perfumes to the summer breezes4 ,you speak well1 ,mary1 said he2 but let me make one other comparison4 ,is it not like a glowworm lying unseen amid the grass and flowers1 and all through the night casting a mellow radiance over them and filling them with divine beauty8 ,illustration3 ,the ,song of the ,lark4 ,i do not like the comparison so well1 was the answer4 ,yet1 after all1 there is nothing so like it as a poet--as yourself1 for instance4 ,no poet ever had its skill1 because no poet was ever so free from care1 said ,shelley1 sadly4 ,it is like an unbodied joy floating unrestrained whithersoever it will4 ,ah1 ,mary1 if ,i had but half the gladness that this bird or spirit must know1 ,i would write such poetry as would bewitch the world1 and all men would listen1 entranced1 to my song4 ,that night the poet could not sleep for thinking of the skylark's song4 ,the next day he sat alone in his study1 putting into harmonious words the thoughts that filled his mind4 ,in the evening he read to ,mary a new poem1 entitled ,to a ,skylark4 ,it was full of the melody inspired by the song of the bird4 ,its very meter suggested the joyous flight1 the fluttering pauses1 the melodious swervings1 the heavenward ascent of the bird4 ,no poem has ever been written that is fuller of beautiful images and sweet and joyous harmonies4 ,have you ever listened to the song of a bird and tried to attune your own thoughts to its unrestrained and untaught melodies8 ,there are no true skylarks in ,america1 and therefore you may never be able to repeat the experience of the poet or fully to appreciate the harmonious madness of his matchless poem2 for no other bird is so literally the embodiment of song as the ,european skylark4 99 99 99 99 99 ,but now let us read ,shelley's inimitable poem4 ,,ii4 ,,to ,a ,,skylark ,hail to thee1 blithe spirit6 ,bird thou never wert1 ,that from heaven1 or near it1 ,pourest thy full heart ,in profuse strains of unpremeditated art4 ,higher still and higher ,from the earth thou springest ,like a cloud of fire2 ,the blue deep thou wingest1 ,and singing still dost soar1 and soaring ever singest4 ,in the golden lightning ,of the sunken sun1 ,o'er which clouds are bright'ning1 ,thou dost float and run1 ,like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun4 ,the pale purple even ,melts around thy flight2 ,like a star of heaven1 ,in the broad daylight ,thou art unseen1 but yet ,i hear thy shrill delight4 ,keen as are the arrows ,of that silver sphere1 ,whose intense lamp narrows ,in the white dawn clear1 ,until we hardly see1 we feel that it is there4 ,all the earth and air ,with thy voice is loud1 ,as1 when night is bare1 ,from one lonely cloud ,the moon rains out her beams1 and heaven is overflowed4 ,what thou art we know not2 ,what is most like thee8 ,from rainbow clouds there flow not ,drops so bright to see1 ,as from thy presence showers a rain of melody4 ,like a poet hidden ,in the light of thought1 ,singing hymns unbidden1 ,till the world is wrought ,to sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not2 ,like a highborn maiden ,in a palace tower1 ,soothing her love-laden ,soul in secret hour ,with music sweet as love1 which overflows her bower2 ,like a glowworm golden ,in a dell of dew1 ,scattering unbeholden ,its arial hue ,among the flowers and grass1 which screen it from the view2 ,like a rose embowered ,in its own green leaves1 ,by warm winds deflowered1 ,till the scent it gives ,make faint with too much sweet these heavy-wingd thieves4 ,sound of vernal showers ,on the twinkling grass1 ,rain-awakened flowers1 ,all that ever was ,joyous1 and clear1 and fresh1 thy music doth surpass4 ,teach us1 sprite or bird1 ,what sweet thoughts are thine3 ,i have never heard ,praise of love or wine ,that panted forth a flood of rapture so divine4 ,chorus ,hymeneal1 ,or triumphal chaunt1 ,matched with thine would be all ,but an empty vaunt1 ,a thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want4 ,what objects are the fountains ,of thy happy strain8 ,what fields1 or waves1 or mountains8 ,what shapes of sky or plain8 ,what love of thine own kind8 ,what ignorance of pain8 ,with thy clear keen joyance ,languor cannot be3 ,shadow of annoyance ,never came near thee3 ,thou lovest2 but ne'er knew love's sad satiety4 ,waking or asleep1 ,thou of death must deem ,things more true and deep ,than we mortals dream1 ,or how could thy notes flow in such a crystal stream8 ,we look before and after1 ,and pine for what is not2 ,our sincerest laughter ,with some pain is fraught3 ,our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought4 ,yet if we could scorn ,hate1 and pride1 and fear2 ,if we were things born ,not to shed a tear1 ,i know not how thy joy we ever should come near4 ,better than all measures ,of delightful sound1 ,better than all treasures ,that in books are found1 ,thy skill to poet were1 thou scorner of the ground6 ,teach me half the gladness ,that thy brain must know1 ,such harmonious madness ,from thy lips would flow1 ,the world should listen then1 as ,i am listening now4 ,,hark1 ,,hark6 ,,the ,,lark#di ,hark1 hark6 ,the lark at ,heaven's gate sings1 ,and ,phoebus 'gins arise1 ,his steeds to water at those springs ,on chaliced flowers that lies2 ,and winking ,mary-buds begin ,to ope their golden eyes2 ,with everything that pretty is1 ,my lady sweet1 arise2 ,arise1 arise6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #di3 ,from ,cymbeline1 by ,william ,shakespeare4 ,,expression3 ,read ,shelley's poem with care1 trying to understand and interpret the poet's enthusiasm as he watched the flight of the lark4 ,point out the five passages in the poem which seem the most striking or the most beautiful4 ,memorize ,shakespeare's song and repeat it in a pleasing manner4 ,point out any peculiarities you may notice4 ,,echoes ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,revolution ,i4 ,,patrick ,,henry',s ,,famous ,,speech#ej ,mr4 ,president1 it is natural for man to indulge in the illusions of hope4 ,we are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth1 and listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts4 ,is this the part of wise men1 engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty8 ,are we disposed to be of the number of those who1 having eyes1 see not1 and1 having ears1 hear not1 the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation8 ,for my part1 whatever anguish of spirit it may cost1 ,i am willing to know the whole truth1 to know the worst1 and to provide for it4 ,i have but one lamp by which my feet are guided1 and that lamp is the lamp of experience4 ,i know of no way of judging of the future but by the past4 ,and1 judging by the past1 ,i wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the ,british ministry1 for the last ten years1 to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the house8 ,is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received8 ,trust it not1 sir2 it will prove a snare to your feet4 ,suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss4 ,ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our petition comports with those warlike preparations which cover our waters1 and darken our land4 ,are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation8 ,have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled that force must be called in to win back our love8 ,let us not deceive ourselves1 sir4 ,these are the implements of war and subjugation1--the last arguments to which kings resort4 ,i ask1 sir1 what means this martial array1 if its purpose be not to force us to submission8 ,can gentlemen assign any other possible motive for it8 ,has ,great ,britain any enemy in this quarter of the world1 to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies8 ,no1 sir1 she has none4 ,they are meant for us2 they can be meant for no other4 ,they are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the ,british ministry have been so long forging4 ,and what have we to oppose to them8 ,shall we try argument8 ,sir1 we have been trying that for the last ten years4 ,have we anything new to offer upon the subject8 ,nothing4 ,we have held the subject up in every light of which it is capable1 but it has been all in vain4 ,shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplication8 ,what terms shall we find1 which have not been already exhausted8 ,let us not1 ,i beseech you1 sir1 deceive ourselves longer4 ,sir1 we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on4 ,we have petitioned1 we have remonstrated1 we have supplicated2 we have prostrated ourselves before the throne1 and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and ,parliament4 ,our petitions have been slighted1 our remonstrances have produced additional violence and insult1 our supplications have been disregarded1 and we have been spurned with contempt from the foot of the throne4 ,in vain1 after these things1 may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation4 ,there is no longer any room for hope4 ,if we wish to be free1 if we mean to preserve inviolate these inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contending1 if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged1 and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained1--we must fight4 ,i repeat it1 sir1 we must fight4 ,an appeal to arms1 and to the ,god of hosts1 is all that is left us4 ,they tell us1 sir1 that we are weak1--unable to cope with so formidable an adversary4 ,but when shall we be stronger8 ,will it be the next week1 or the next year8 ,will it be when we are totally disarmed1 and when a ,british guard shall be stationed in every house8 ,shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction8 ,shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs1 and hugging the delusive phantom of hope1 until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot8 ,sir1 we are not weak1 if we make a proper use of those means which the ,god of nature hath placed in our power4 ,three millions of people1 armed in the holy cause of liberty1 and in such a country as that which we possess1 are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us4 ,besides1 sir1 we shall not fight our battles alone4 ,there is a just ,god who presides over the destinies of nations1 and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us4 ,the battle1 sir1 is not to the strong alone2 it is to the vigilant1 the active1 the brave4 ,besides1 sir1 we have no election4 ,if we were base enough to desire it1 it is now too late to retire from the contest4 ,there is no retreat1 but in submission and slavery4 ,our chains are forged4 ,their clanking may be heard on the plains of ,boston4 ,the war is inevitable2 and let it come6--,i repeat it1 sir1 let it come4 ,it is vain1 sir1 to extenuate the matter4 ,gentlemen may cry1 ,peace1 peace6 but there is no peace4 ,the war is actually begun4 ,the next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms4 ,our brethren are already in the field4 ,why stand we here idle8 ,what is it that gentlemen wish8 ,what would they have8 ,is life so dear1 or peace so sweet1 as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery8 ,forbid it1 ,almighty ,god6 ,i know not what course others may take2 but1 as for me1 give me liberty1 or give me death6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ej3 ,before the ,virginia ,convention1 ,march #be1 #agge4 ,,ii4 ,,marion',s ,,men#ea ,we follow where the ,swamp ,fox guides1 ,his friends and merry men are we1 ,and when the troop of ,tarleton rides1 ,we burrow in the cypress tree4 ,the turfy hummock is our bed1 ,our home is in the red deer's den1 ,our roof1 the treetop overhead1 ,for we are wild and hunted men4 ,we fly by day and shun its light1 ,but1 prompt to strike the sudden blow1 ,we mount and start with early night1 ,and through the forest track our foe4 ,and soon he hears our chargers leap1 ,the flashing saber blinds his eyes1 ,and1 ere he drives away his sleep ,and rushes from his camp1 he dies4 ,free bridle bit1 good gallant steed1 ,that will not ask a kind caress1 ,to swim the ,santee at our need1 ,when on his heels the foemen press1-- ,the true heart and the ready hand1 ,the spirit stubborn to be free1 ,the trusted bore1 the smiting brand1-- ,and we are ,marion's men1 you see4 ,illustration3 ,marion's ,men4 ,now light the fire and cook the meal1 ,the last perhaps that we shall taste2 ,i hear the ,swamp ,fox round us steal1 ,and that's a sign we move in haste4 ,he whistles to the scouts1 and hark6 ,you hear his order calm and low1 ,come1 wave your torch across the dark1 ,and let us see the boys that go4 ,now pile the brush and roll the log-- ,hard pillow1 but a soldier's head ,that's half the time in brake and bog ,must never think of softer bed4 ,the owl is hooting to the night1 ,the cooter crawling o'er the bank1 ,and in that pond the flashing light ,tells where the alligator sank4 99 99 99 99 99 ,what6 'tis the signal6 start so soon8 ,and through the ,santee swamps so deep1 ,without the aid of friendly moon1 ,and we1 ,heaven help us6 half asleep8 ,but courage1 comrades6 ,marion leads1 ,the ,swamp ,fox takes us out to-night2 ,so clear your swords and spur your steeds1 ,there's goodly chance1 ,i think1 of fight4 ,we follow where the ,swamp ,fox guides1 ,we leave the swamp and cypress tree1 ,our spurs are in our coursers' sides1 ,and ready for the strife are we4 ,the ,tory's camp is now in sight1 ,and there he cowers within his den2 ,he hears our shouts1 he dreads the fight1 ,he fears1 and flies from ,marion's men4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ea3 ,by ,william ,gilmore ,simms1 an ,american author 7#ahjf-ahgj74 ,,iii4 ,,in ,,memory ,,of ,,george ,,washington#eb ,how1 my fellow-citizens1 shall ,i single to your grateful hearts his preminent worth8 ,where shall ,i begin in opening to your view a character throughout sublime8 ,shall ,i speak of his warlike achievements1 all springing from obedience to his country's will--all directed to his country's good8 ,will you go with me to the banks of the ,monongahela1 to see our youthful ,washington supporting1 in the dismal hour of ,indian victory1 the ill-fated ,braddock and saving1 by his judgment and his valor1 the remains of a defeated army1 pressed by the conquering savage foe8 ,or when1 oppressed ,america nobly resolving to risk her all in defense of her violated right1 he was elevated by the unanimous vote of ,congress to the command of her armies8 ,will you follow him to the high grounds of ,boston1 where to an undisciplined1 courageous1 and virtuous yeomanry his presence gave the stability of system and infused the invincibility of love of country8 ,or shall ,i carry you to the painful scenes of ,long ,island1 ,york ,island1 and ,new ,jersey1 when1 combating superior and gallant armies1 aided by powerful fleets and led by chiefs high in the roll of fame1 he stood the bulwark of our safety1 undismayed by disasters1 unchanged by change of fortune8 ,or will you view him in the precarious fields of ,trenton1 where deep gloom1 unnerving every arm1 reigned triumphant through our thinned1 worn-down1 unaided ranks1 to himself unknown8 ,dreadful was the night4 ,it was about this time of winter2 the storm raged2 the ,delaware1 rolling furiously with floating ice1 forbade the approach of man4 ,washington1 self-collected1 viewed the tremendous scene4 ,his country called2 unappalled by surrounding dangers1 he passed to the hostile shore2 he fought1 he conquered4 ,the morning sun cheered the ,american world4 ,our country rose on the event1 and her dauntless chief1 pursuing his blow1 completed in the lawns of ,princeton what his vast soul had conceived on the shores of the ,delaware4 ,thence to the strong grounds of ,morristown he led his small but gallant band2 and through an eventful winter1 by the high effort of his genius1 whose matchless force was measurable only by the growth of difficulties1 he held in check formidable hostile legions1 conducted by a chief experienced in the arts of war1 and famed for his valor on the ever memorable ,heights of ,abraham1 where fell ,wolfe1 ,montcalm1 and since our much-lamented ,montgomery1 all covered with glory4 ,in this fortunate interval1 produced by his masterly conduct1 our fathers1 ourselves1 animated by his resistless example1 rallied around our country's standard1 and continued to follow her beloved chief through the various and trying scenes to which the destinies of our union led4 ,who is there that has forgotten the vales of ,brandywine1 the fields of ,germantown1 or the plains of ,monmouth8 ,everywhere present1 wants of every kind obstructing1 numerous and valiant armies encountering1 himself a host1 he assuaged our sufferings1 limited our privations1 and upheld our tottering ,republic4 ,shall ,i display to you the spread of the fire of his soul1 by rehearsing the praises of the hero of ,saratoga and his much-loved compeer of the ,carolinas8 ,no2 our ,washington wears not borrowed glory4 ,to ,gates1 to ,greene1 he gave without reserve the applause due to their eminent merit2 and long may the chiefs of ,saratoga and of ,eutaw receive the grateful respect of a grateful people4 ,moving in his own orbit1 he imparted heat and light to his most distant satellites2 and combining the physical and moral force of all within his sphere1 with irresistible weight1 he took his course1 commiserating folly1 disdaining vice1 dismaying treason1 and invigorating despondency2 until the auspicious hour arrived when united with the intrepid forces of a potent and magnanimous ally1 he brought to submission the since conqueror of ,india2 thus finishing his long career of military glory with a luster corresponding to his great name1 and in this1 his last act of war1 affixing the seal of fate to our nation's birth4444 ,first in war1 first in peace1 and first in the hearts of his countrymen1 he was second to none in the humble and endearing scenes of private life4 ,pious1 just1 humane1 temperate1 and sincere1 uniform1 dignified1 and commanding1 his example was edifying to all around him1 as were the effects of that example lasting4 ,to his equals he was condescending2 to his inferiors1 kind2 and to the dear object of his affections1 exemplarily tender4 ,correct throughout1 vice shuddered in his presence1 and virtue always felt his fostering hand2 the purity of his private character gave effulgence to his public virtues4 ,his last scene comported with the whole tenor of his life4 ,although in extreme pain1 not a sigh1 not a groan1 escaped him2 and with undisturbed serenity he closed his well-spent life4 ,such was the man ,america has lost6 ,such was the man for whom our nation mourns6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #eb3 ,by ,henry ,lee of ,virginia4 ,extract from an oration delivered in the ,house of ,representatives1 #agii4 ,,three ,,great ,,american ,,poems ,i ,one day when ,dr4 ,peter ,bryant of ,cummington1 ,massachusetts1 was looking through his writing desk1 he found a small package of papers on which some verses were written4 ,he recognized the neat1 legible handwriting as that of his son1 and he paused to open the papers and read4 ,presently1 he called aloud to his wife1 ,here1 ,sallie1 just listen to this poem which ,cullen has written6 ,he began to read1 and as he read1 the proud mother listened with tears in her eyes4 ,isn't that grand8 she cried4 ,i've always told you that ,cullen would be a poet4 ,and now just think what a pity it is that he must give up going to ,yale ,college and settle down to the study of law6 ,yes1 wife1 responded ,dr4 ,bryant1 it is to be regretted4 ,but people with small means cannot always educate their children as they wish4 ,a lawyer is a better breadwinner than most poets are1 and ,i am satisfied that our boy will be a successful lawyer4 ,of course he will1 said ,mrs4 ,bryant2 he will succeed at anything he may undertake4 ,but that poem--why1 ,wordsworth never wrote anything half so grand or beautiful4 ,what is the title8 ,thanatopsis4 ,thanatopsis8 ,i wonder what it means4 ,it is from two ,greek words1 and means ',a ,view of ,death4' ,i have half a notion to take the poem to ,boston with me next winter4 ,i want to show it to my friend ,mr4 ,philips4 ,oh1 do2 and take some of ,cullen's other poems with it4 ,perhaps he might think some of them good enough to publish4 ,dr4 ,peter ,bryant was at that time a member of the senate in the ,massachusetts general assembly4 ,when the time came for the meeting of the assembly he went up to ,boston1 and he did not forget to take several of his son's poems with him4 ,the ,north ,american ,review was a great magazine in those days1 and ,dr4 ,bryant was well acquainted with ,mr4 ,philips1 one of its editors4 ,he called at the office of the ,review1 and not finding ,mr4 ,philips1 he left the package of manuscript with his name written upon it4 ,when ,mr4 ,philips returned he found the package1 and after reading the poems concluded that ,dr4 ,bryant had written ,thanatopsis1 and that the others were probably by his son ,cullen4 ,it is a remarkable poem--a remarkable poem1 he said1 as he showed it to his two fellow-editors4 ,we have never published anything better in the ,review1 he said1 and he began to read it to them4 ,when he had finished1 one of them1 ,richard ,henry ,dana1 who was himself a poet1 said doubtingly3 ,mr4 ,philips1 you have been imposed upon4 ,there is no person in ,america who can write a poem like that4 ,ah1 but ,i know the man who wrote it1 answered ,mr4 ,philips4 ,he is in the state senate1 and he isn't a man who would impose upon any person4 ,well1 ,i must have a look at the man who can write such lines as those1 said ,mr4 ,dana4 ,he went to the statehouse1 and to the senate chamber1 and asked to see ,senator ,bryant4 ,a tall1 gray-bearded man was pointed out to him4 ,mr4 ,dana looked at him for a few minutes and then said to himself1 ,he has a fine head2 but he is not the man who could write ',thanatopsis' ,so without speaking to him he returned to his office4 ,mr4 ,philips1 still full of enthusiasm1 soon had an interview with ,dr4 ,bryant1 and learned the truth in regard to the authorship of the poem4 ,it was printed in the next issue of the ,north ,american ,review4 ,it was the first great poem ever produced in ,america2 it was the work of a young man not eighteen years of age1 and it is without doubt the greatest poem ever written by one so young4 ,but let us read it4 ,,thanatopsis ,to him who in the love of ,nature holds ,communion with her visible forms1 she speaks ,a various language2 for his gayer hours ,she has a voice of gladness1 and a smile ,and eloquence of beauty1 and she glides ,into his darker musings with a mild ,and healing sympathy1 that steals away ,their sharpness ere he is aware4 ,when thoughts ,of the last bitter hour come like a blight ,over thy spirit1 and sad images ,of the stern agony1 and shroud1 and pall1 ,and breathless darkness1 and the narrow house1 ,make thee to shudder1 and grow sick at heart1 ,go forth1 under the open sky1 and list ,to ,nature's teachings1 while from all around-- ,earth and her waters1 and the depths of air-- ,comes a still voice3 ,yet a few days1 and thee ,the all-beholding sun shall see no more ,in all his course2 nor yet in the cold ground1 ,where thy pale form was laid1 with many tears1 ,nor in the embrace of ocean1 shall exist ,thy image4 ,earth1 that nourished thee1 shall claim ,thy growth1 to be resolved to earth again2 ,and1 lost each human trace1 surrendering up ,thine individual being1 shalt thou go ,to mix forever with the elements1 ,to be a brother to the insensible rock ,and to the sluggish clod1 which the rude swain ,turns with his share1 and treads upon4 ,the oak ,shall send his roots abroad1 and pierce thy mold4 ,yet not to thine eternal resting place ,shalt thou retire alone1 nor couldst thou wish ,couch more magnificent4 ,thou shalt lie down ,with patriarchs of the infant world--with kings1 ,the powerful of the earth--the wise1 the good1 ,fair forms1 and hoary seers of ages past1 ,all in one mighty sepulcher4 ,the hills ,rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun--the vales ,stretching in pensive quietness between-- ,the venerable woods--rivers that move ,in majesty1 and the complaining brooks ,that make the meadows green2 and1 poured round all1 ,old ,ocean's gray and melancholy waste-- ,are but the solemn decorations all ,of the great tomb of man4 ,the golden sun1 ,the planets1 all the infinite host of heaven1 ,are shining on the sad abodes of death1 ,through the still lapse of ages4 ,all that tread ,the globe are but a handful to the tribes ,that slumber in its bosom4 ,take the wings ,of morning1 pierce the ,barcan wilderness1 ,or lose thyself in the continuous woods ,where rolls the ,oregon1 and hears no sound ,save his own dashings1--yet the dead are there2 ,and millions in those solitudes1 since first ,the flight of years began1 have laid them down ,in their last sleep1--the dead reign there alone4 ,so shalt thou rest1 and what if thou withdraw ,in silence from the living1 and no friend ,take note of thy departure8 ,all that breathe ,will share thy destiny4 ,the gay will laugh ,when thou art gone1 the solemn brood of care ,plod on1 and each one as before will chase ,his favorite phantom2 yet all these shall leave ,their mirth and their employments and shall come ,and make their bed with thee4 ,as the long train ,of ages glides away1 the sons of men1 ,the youth in life's fresh spring1 and he who goes ,in the full strength of years1 matron and maid1 ,the speechless babe1 and the gray-headed man1 ,shall one by one be gathered to thy side ,by those who in their turn shall follow them4 ,so live1 that when thy summons comes to join ,the innumerable caravan that moves ,to the pale realms of shade1 where each shall take ,his chamber in the silent halls of death1 ,thou go not1 like the quarry slave at night1 ,scourged to his dungeon1 but1 sustained and soothed ,by an unfaltering trust1 approach thy grave ,like one who wraps the drapery of his couch ,about him1 and lies down to pleasant dreams4 ,,expression3 ,observe that this poem is written in blank verse4 ,in what respects does it differ from other forms of verse8 ,read it with great care1 observing the marks of punctuation and giving to each passage the proper inflections and emphasis4 ,compare it with some other poems you have read4 ,,ii ,one ,sunday evening1 in the summer of #ahdh1 ,edgar ,allan ,poe was visiting at the house of a friend in ,new ,york city4 ,the day was warm1 and the windows of the conservatory where he was sitting were thrown wide open to admit the breeze4 ,mr4 ,poe was very despondent because of many sorrows and disappointments1 and he was plainly annoyed by the sound of some near-by church bells pealing the hour of worship4 ,i have made an agreement with a publisher to write a poem for him1 he said1 but ,i have no inspiration for such a task4 ,what shall ,i do8 ,his friend ,mrs4 ,shew gave him an encouraging reply1 and invited him to drink tea with her4 ,then she placed paper and ink before him and suggested that1 if he would try to write1 the required inspiration would come4 ,no1 he answered2 ,i so dislike the noise of bells to-night1 ,i cannot write4 ,i have no subject--,i am exhausted4 ,mrs4 ,shew then wrote at the top of the sheet of paper1 ,the ,bells1 by ,e4 ,a4 ,poe1 and added a single line as a beginning3 ,the bells1 the little silver bells4 ,the poet accepted the suggestion1 and after some effort finished the first stanza4 ,then ,mrs4 ,shew wrote another line3 ,the heavy iron bells4 ,this idea was also elaborated by ,mr4 ,poe1 who copied off the two stanzas and entitled them ,the ,bells1 by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,l4 ,shew4 ,he went home1 pondering deeply upon the subject2 the required inspiration was not long lacking2 and in a few days the completed poem was ready to be submitted to the publisher4 ,,the ,,bells ,hear the sledges with the bells-- ,silver bells6 ,what a world of merriment their melody foretells6 ,how they tinkle1 tinkle1 tinkle1 ,in the icy air of night6 ,while the stars that oversprinkle ,all the heavens seem to twinkle ,with a crystalline delight1 ,keeping time1 time1 time1 ,in a sort of ,runic rime1 ,to the tintinnabulation that so musically swells ,from the bells1 bells1 bells1 bells1 ,bells1 bells1 bells-- ,from the jingling and the tinkling of the bells4 ,hear the mellow wedding bells-- ,golden bells6 ,what a world of happiness their harmony foretells6 ,through the balmy air of night ,how they ring out their delight6 ,from the molten-golden notes1 ,and all in tune1 ,what a liquid ditty floats ,to the turtledove that listens while she gloats ,on the moon6 ,oh1 from out the sounding cells1 ,what a gush of euphony voluminously wells6 ,how it swells6 ,how it dwells ,on the ,future6 how it tells ,of the rapture that impels ,to the swinging and the ringing ,of the bells1 bells1 bells-- ,of the bells1 bells1 bells1 bells1 ,bells1 bells1 bells-- ,to the riming and the chiming of the bells6 ,hear the loud alarum bells-- ,brazen bells6 ,what a tale of terror1 now1 their turbulency tells6 ,in the startled ear of night ,how they scream out their affright6 ,too much horrified to speak1 ,they can only shriek1 shriek1 ,out of tune1 ,in a clamorous appealing to the mercy of the fire1 ,in a mad expostulation with the deaf and frantic fire ,leaping higher1 higher1 higher1 ,with a desperate desire ,and a resolute endeavor ,now--now to sit or never1 ,by the side of the pale-faced moon4 ,oh1 the bells1 bells1 bells1 ,what a tale their terror tells ,of despair6 ,how they clang and crash and roar6 ,what a horror they outpour ,on the bosom of the palpitating air6 ,yet the ear it fully knows1 ,by the twanging ,and the clanging1 ,how the danger ebbs and flows2 ,yet the ear distinctly tells1 ,in the jangling ,and the wrangling1 ,how the danger sinks and swells1 ,by the sinking or the swelling in the anger of the bells1 ,of the bells1 ,of the bells1 bells1 bells1 bells1 ,bells1 bells1 bells6 ,in the clamor and the clangor of the bells4 ,hear the tolling of the bells-- ,iron bells6 ,what a world of solemn thought their monody compels6 ,in the silence of the night1 ,how we shiver with affright ,at the melancholy menace of their tone6 ,for every sound that floats ,from the rust within their throats ,is a groan4 ,and the people--ah1 the people-- ,they that dwell up in the steeple1 ,all alone1 ,and who1 tolling1 tolling1 tolling1 ,in that muffled monotone1 ,feel a glory in so rolling ,on the human heart a stone3 ,they are neither man nor woman2 ,they are neither brute nor human2 ,they are ghouls3 ,and their king it is who tolls2 ,and he rolls1 rolls1 rolls1 ,rolls ,a pan from the bells6 ,and his merry bosom swells ,with the pan of the bells1 ,and he dances and he yells1 ,keeping time1 time1 time1 ,in a sort of ,runic rime1 ,to the pan of the bells-- ,of the bells3 ,keeping time1 time1 time1 ,in a sort of ,runic rime1 ,to the throbbing of the bells-- ,of the bells1 bells1 bells-- ,to the sobbing of the bells2 ,keeping time1 time1 time1 ,as he knells1 knells1 knells1 ,in a happy ,runic rime1 ,to the rolling of the bells-- ,of the bells1 bells1 bells1-- ,to the tolling of the bells-- ,of the bells1 bells1 bells1 bells1 ,bells1 bells1 bells-- ,to the moaning and the groaning of the bells6 ,,iii ,in the early part of the nineteenth century ,fitz-,greene ,halleck was regarded as one of the greatest of ,american poets4 ,he is now1 however1 remembered chiefly as the author of a single poem1 ,marco ,bozzaris1 published in #ahbg4 ,this poem has been described1 perhaps justly1 as the best martial lyric in the ,english language4 ,it was written at a time when the people of ,greece were fighting for their independence2 and it celebrates the heroism of the young ,greek patriot1 ,marco ,bozzaris1 who was killed while leading a desperate but successful night attack upon the ,turks1 ,august #bj1 #ahbc4 ,as here presented1 it is slightly abridged4 ,,marco ,,bozzaris ,at midnight1 in his guarded tent1 ,the ,turk was dreaming of the hour ,when ,greece1 her knee in suppliance bent1 ,should tremble at his power3 ,in dreams1 through camp and court1 he bore ,the trophies of a conqueror2 ,in dreams his song of triumph heard2 ,then wore his monarch's signet ring3 ,then pressed that monarch's throne--a king2 ,as wild his thoughts1 and gay of wing1 ,as ,eden's garden bird4 ,at midnight1 in the forest shades1 ,bozzaris ranged his ,suliote band1 ,true as the steel of their tried blades1 ,heroes in heart and hand4 ,there had the ,persian's thousands stood1 ,there had the glad earth drunk their blood ,on old ,plata's day2 ,and now there breathed that haunted air ,the sons of sires who conquered there1 ,with arm to strike and soul to dare1 ,as quick1 as far as they4 ,an hour passed on--the ,turk awoke2 ,that bright dream was his last2 ,he woke--to hear his sentries shriek1 ,to arms6 they come6 the ,greek6 the ,greek6 ,he woke--to die midst flame1 and smoke1 ,and shout1 and groan1 and saber stroke1 ,and death shots falling thick and fast ,as lightnings from the mountain cloud2 ,and heard1 with voice as trumpet loud1 ,bozzaris cheer his band3 ,strike--till the last armed foe expires2 ,strike--for your altars and your fires2 ,strike--for the green graves of your sires2 ,god--and your native land6 ,they fought--like brave men1 long and well2 ,they piled that ground with ,moslem slain1 ,they conquered--but ,bozzaris fell1 ,bleeding at every vein4 ,his few surviving comrades saw ,his smile when rang their proud hurrah1 ,and the red field was won2 ,then saw in death his eyelids close ,calmly1 as to a night's repose1 ,like flowers at set of sun4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bozzaris6 with the storied brave ,greece nurtured in her glory's time1 ,rest thee--there is no prouder grave1 ,even in her own proud clime4 ,she wore no funeral weeds for thee1 ,nor bade the dark hearse wave its plume ,like torn branch from death's leafless tree ,in sorrow's pomp and pageantry1 ,the heartless luxury of the tomb2 ,but she remembers thee as one ,long-loved and for a season gone4 ,for thee her poet's lyre is wreathed1 ,her marble wrought1 her music breathed2 ,for thee she rings the birthday bells2 ,of thee her babes' first lisping tells2 ,for thine her evening prayer is said ,at palace couch and cottage-bed4444 ,and she1 the mother of thy boys1 ,though in her eye and faded cheek ,is read the grief she will not speak1 ,the memory of her buried joys1 ,and even she who gave thee birth1 ,will1 by their pilgrim-circled hearth1 ,talk of thy doom without a sigh2 ,for thou art ,freedom's now1 and ,fame's3 ,one of the few1 the immortal names1 ,that were not born to die4 ,,expression3 ,talk with your teacher about these three poems1 and the proper manner of reading each4 ,learn all that you can about their authors4 ,,the ,,indian#ec ,think of the country for which the ,indians fought6 ,who can blame them8 ,as ,philip looked down from his seat on ,mount ,hope and beheld the lovely scene which spread beneath at a summer sunset1--the distant hilltops blazing with gold1 the slanting beams streaming across the waters1 the broad plains1 the island groups1 the majestic forests1--could he be blamed1 if his heart burned within him1 as he beheld it all passing1 by no tardy process1 from beneath his control1 into the hands of the stranger8 ,as the river chieftains--the lords of the waterfalls and the mountains--ranged this lovely valley1 can it be wondered at1 if they beheld with bitterness the forest disappearing beneath the settler's ax--the fishing places disturbed by his sawmills8 ,can we not imagine the feelings1 with which some strong-minded savage chief1 who should have ascended the summit of the ,sugarloaf ,mountain1 in company with a friendly settler1 contemplating the progress already made by the white man and marking the gigantic strides with which he was advancing into the wilderness1 should fold his arms1 and say3-- ,white man1 there is an eternal war between me and thee4 ,i quit not the land of my fathers1 but with my life4 ,in those woods where ,i bent my youthful bow1 ,i will still hunt the deer2 over yonder waters ,i will still glide unrestrained in my bark canoe2 by those dashing waterfalls ,i will still lay up my winter's store of food2 on these fertile meadows ,i will still plant my corn4 ,stranger6 the land is mine4 ,i understand not these paper rights4 ,i gave not my consent1 when1 as thou sayest1 these broad regions were purchased1 for a few baubles1 of my fathers4 ,they could sell what was theirs2 they could sell no more4 ,how could my father sell that which the ,great ,spirit sent me into the world to live upon8 ,he knew not what he did4 ,the stranger came1 a timid suppliant2 he asked to lie down on the red man's bearskin1 and warm himself at the red man's fire1 and have a little piece of land to raise corn for his women and children4 ,now he is become strong and mighty and bold1 and spreads out his parchment over the whole1 and says1 ',it is mine6' ,stranger1 there is no room for us both4 ,the ,great ,spirit has not made us to live together4 ,there is poison in the white man's cup2 the white man's dog barks at the red man's heels4 ,if ,i should leave the land of my fathers1 whither shall ,i fly8 ,shall ,i go to the south1 and dwell among the graves of the ,pequots8 ,shall ,i wander to the west8 ,the fierce ,mohawk--the man-eater--is my foe4 ,shall ,i fly to the east8 ,the great water is before me4 ,no1 stranger6 ,here have ,i lived1 and here will ,i die2 and if here thou abidest1 there is eternal war between me and thee4 ,thou hast taught me thy arts of destruction2 for that alone ,i thank thee4 ,and now take heed to thy steps--the red man is thy foe4 ,when thou goest forth by day1 my bullet shall whistle past thee4 ,when thou liest down by night1 my knife shall be at thy throat4 ,the noonday sun shall not discover thy enemy2 and the darkness of midnight shall not protect thy rest4 ,thou shalt plant in terror1 and ,i will reap in blood4 ,thou shalt sow the earth with corn1 and ,i will strew it with ashes4 ,thou shalt go forth with the sickle1 and ,i will follow after with the scalping knife4 ,thou shalt build1 and ,i will burn--till the white man or the ,indian perish from the land4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ec3 ,by ,edward ,everett1 an ,american statesman and orator 7#agid-ahfe74 ,,expression3 ,this selection and also the selections on pages #bjb1 #bji1 and #bca are fine examples of ,american oratory1 such as was practiced by the statesmen and public speakers of the earlier years of our republic4 ,learn all that you can about ,patrick ,henry1 ,daniel ,webster1 ,edward ,everett1 ,theodore ,parker1 and other eminent orators4 ,before attempting to read this selection aloud1 read it silently and try to understand every statement or allusion contained in it4 ,call to mind all that you have learned in your histories or elsewhere concerning the ,indians and their treatment by the ,american colonists4 ,now read with energy and feeling each paragraph of this extract from ,mr4 ,everett's oration4 ,try to make your hearers understand and appreciate the feelings which are expressed4 ,,national ,,retribution#ed ,do you know how empires find their end8 ,yes4 ,the great states eat up the little4 ,as with fish1 so with nations4 ,come with me6 ,let us bring up the awful shadows of empires buried long ago1 and learn a lesson from the tomb4 ,come1 old ,assyria1 with the ,ninevitish dove upon thy emerald crown6 ,what laid thee low8 ,assyria answers3 ,i fell by my own injustice4 ,thereby ,nineveh and ,babylon came with me to the ground4 ,o queenly ,persia1 flame of the nations6 ,wherefore art thou so fallen8 thou who trod the people under thee1 bridged the ,hellespont with ships1 and poured thy temple-wasting millions on the western world8 ,persia answers3 ,because ,i trod the people under me1 because ,i bridged the ,hellespont with ships1 and poured my temple-wasting millions on the western world1 ,i fell by my own misdeeds6 ,and thou1 muselike ,grecian queen1 fairest of all thy classic sisterhood of states1 enchanting yet the world with thy sweet witchery1 speaking in art1 and most seductive in song1 why liest thou there with thy beauteous yet dishonored brow reposing on thy broken harp8 ,greece answers3 ,i loved the loveliness of flesh1 embalmed in ,parian stone4 ,i loved the loveliness of thought1 and treasured that more than ,parian speech4 ,but the beauty of justice1 the loveliness of love1 ,i trod down to earth4 ,lo6 therefore have ,i become as those barbarian states1 and one of them4 ,o manly1 majestic ,rome1 with thy sevenfold mural crown all broken at thy feet1 why art thou here8 ',twas not injustice brought thee low1 for thy great ,book of ,law is prefaced with these words1 ,justice is the unchanging1 everlasting will to give each man his right4 ,it was not the saint's ideal4 ,it was the hypocrite's pretense4 ,and ,rome says3 ,i made iniquity my law6 ,i trod the nations under me6 ,their wealth gilded my palaces1 where now thou mayst see the fox and hear the owl4 ,wicked men were my cabinet counselors4 ,the flatterer breathed his poison in my ear4 ,millions of bondmen wet the soil with tears and blood6 ,do you not hear it crying yet to ,god8 ,lo here have ,i my recompense1 tormented with such downfalls as you see4 ,go back and tell the newborn child who sitteth on the ,alleghanies1 laying his either hand upon a tributary sea1--tell him there are rights which ,states must keep1 or they shall suffer punishment4 ,tell him there is a ,god who hurls to earth the loftiest realm that breaks his just1 eternal law4 ,warn the young empire1 that he come not down1 dim and dishonored1 to my shameful tomb4 ,tell him that ,justice is the unchanging1 everlasting will1 to give each man his right4 ,i knew this law4 ,i broke it4 ,bid him keep it1 and be forever safe4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ed3 ,by ,theodore ,parker1 an eminent ,american clergyman and author 7#ahaj-ahfj74 ,,who ,,are ,,blessed#ee ,and seeing the multitudes1 he went up into a mountain3 and when he was set1 his disciples came unto him4 ,and he opened his mouth1 and taught them1 saying3 ,blessed are the poor in spirit3 for theirs is the kingdom of heaven4 ,blessed are they that mourn3 for they shall be comforted4 ,blessed are the meek3 for they shall inherit the earth4 ,blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness3 for they shall be filled4 ,blessed are the merciful3 for they shall obtain mercy4 ,blessed are the pure in heart3 for they shall see ,god4 ,blessed are the peacemakers3 for they shall be called the children of ,god4 ,blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake3 for theirs is the kingdom of heaven4 ,blessed are ye1 when men shall revile you1 and persecute you1 and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely1 for my sake4 ,rejoice1 and be exceeding glad3 for great is your reward in heaven3 for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you4 ,ye are the salt of the earth3 but if the salt have lost his savor1 wherewith shall it be salted8 it is thenceforth good for nothing1 but to be cast out1 and to be trodden under foot of men4 ,ye are the light of the world4 ,a city that is set on a hill cannot be hid4 ,neither do men light a candle1 and put it under a bushel1 but on a candlestick2 and it giveth light unto all that are in the house4 ,let your light so shine before men1 that they may see your good works1 and glorify your ,father which is in heaven4444 ,ye have heard that it hath been said1 ,an eye for an eye1 and a tooth for a tooth3 but ,i say unto you1 ,that ye resist not evil3 but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek1 turn to him the other also4 ,and if any man will sue thee at the law1 and take away thy coat1 let him have thy cloak also4 ,and whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile1 go with him twain4 ,give to him that asketh thee1 and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away4 ,ye have heard that it hath been said1 ,thou shalt love thy neighbor1 and hate thine enemy4 ,but ,i say unto you1 ,love your enemies1 bless them that curse you1 do good to them that hate you1 and pray for them which despitefully use you1 and persecute you2 that ye may be the children of your ,father which is in heaven3 for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good1 and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ee3 ,from the ,gospel of ,matthew4 ,,little ,,gems ,,from ,,the ,,older ,,poets ,i4 ,,the ,,noble ,,nature#ef ,it is not growing like a tree ,in bulk doth make man better be2 ,or standing long an oak1 three hundred year1 ,to fall a log at last1 dry1 bald1 and sear4 ,a lily of a day ,is fairer far in ,may1 ,although it fall and die that night1-- ,it was the plant and flower of light4 ,in small proportions we just beauties see2 ,and in short measures life may perfect be4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ef3 ,by ,ben ,jonson 7#aegc-afcg74 ,,ii4 ,a ,,contented ,,mind#eg ,i weigh not fortune's frown or smile2 ,i joy not much in earthly joys2 ,i seek not state1 ,i seek not style2 ,i am not fond of fancy's toys2 ,i rest so pleased with what ,i have1 ,i wish no more1 no more ,i crave4 ,i quake not at the thunder's crack2 ,i tremble not at noise of war2 ,i swound not at the news of wrack2 ,i shrink not at a blazing star2 ,i fear not loss1 ,i hope not gain1 ,i envy none1 ,i none disdain4 ,i feign not friendship1 where ,i hate2 ,i fawn not on the great in show2 ,i prize1 ,i praise a mean estate-- ,neither too lofty nor too low2 ,this1 this is all my choice1 my cheer-- ,a mind content1 a conscience clear4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #eg3 ,by ,joshua ,sylvester 7#aefc-afah74 ,,iii4 ,a ,,happy ,,life#eh ,how happy is he born and taught ,that serveth not another's will2 ,whose armor is his honest thought1 ,and simple truth his utmost skill2 ,whose passions not his masters are1 ,whose soul is still prepared for death1 ,not tied unto the world with care ,of public fame1 or private breath2 ,who envies none that chance doth raise1 ,nor vice2 who never understood ,how deepest wounds are given by praise2 ,nor rules of state1 but rules of good4 ,this man is freed from servile bands ,of hope to rise or fear to fall2 ,lord of himself1 though not of lands1 ,and having nothing1 yet hath all4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #eh3 ,by ,sir ,henry ,wotton 7#aefh-afci74 ,,iv4 ,,solitude#ei ,happy the man1 whose wish and care ,a few paternal acres bound1 ,content to breathe his native air ,in his own ground4 ,whose herds with milk1 whose fields with bread1 ,whose flocks supply him with attire2 ,whose trees in summer yield him shade1 ,in winter1 fire4 ,blest1 who can unconcern'dly find ,hours1 days1 and years slide soft away ,in health of body1 peace of mind1 ,quiet by day1 ,sound sleep by night2 study and ease ,together mixt1 sweet recreation1 ,and innocence1 which most does please ,with meditation4 ,thus let me live1 unseen1 unknown2 ,thus unlamented let me die2 ,steal from the world1 and not a stone ,tell where ,i lie4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ei3 ,by ,alexander ,pope 7#afhh-agdd74 ,v4 ,a ,,wish#fj ,mine be a cot beside the hill2 ,a beehive's hum shall soothe my ear2 ,a willowy brook that turns a mill ,with many a fall shall linger near4 ,the swallow1 oft1 beneath my thatch ,shall twitter from her clay-built nest2 ,oft shall the pilgrim lift the latch1 ,and share my meal1 a welcome guest4 ,around my ivied porch shall spring ,each fragrant flower that drinks the dew2 ,and ,lucy1 at her wheel1 shall sing ,in russet gown and apron blue4 ,the village church among the trees1 ,where first our marriage vows were given1 ,with merry peals shall swell the breeze ,and point with taper spire to ,heaven4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #fj3 ,by ,samuel ,rogers 7#agfc-ahee74 ,,expression3 ,which of these poems do you like best8 ,give reasons for your preference4 ,what sentiment is emphasized by all of them8 ,what other pleasant ideas of life are expressed8 ,what mental pictures are called up by reading the fourth poem8 the fifth8 ,what traits of character are alluded to in the first poem8 the second8 ,now read each poem aloud1 giving to each line and each stanza the thought which was in the author's mind when he wrote it4 ,,how ,,king ,,arthur ,,got ,,his ,,name#fa ,one day at sunset1 ,snowbird1 the young son of a king1 came over the brow of a hill that stepped forward from a dark company of mountains and leaned over the shoreless sea which fills the ,west and drowns the ,north4 ,all day he had been wandering alone1 his mind heavy with wonder over many things4 ,he had heard strange tales of late1 tales about his heroic father and the royal clan1 and how they were not like other men1 but half divine4 ,he had heard1 too1 of his own destiny1--that he also was to be a great king4 ,what was ,destiny1 he wondered4444 ,then1 as he wondered1 he turned over and over in his mind all the names he could think of that he might choose for his own2 for the time was come for him to put away the name of his childhood and to take on that by which he should be known among men4 ,he came over the brow of the hill1 and out of the way of the mountain wind1 and1 being tired1 lay down among the heather and stared across the gray wilderness of the sea4 ,the sun set1 and the invisible throwers of the nets trailed darkness across the waves and up the wild shores and over the faces of the cliffs4 ,stars climbed out of shadowy abysses1 and the great chariots of the constellations rode from the ,west to the ,east and from the ,north to the ,south4 ,his eyes closed1 444 but when he opened them again1 he saw a great and kingly figure standing beside him4 ,so great in stature1 so splendid in kingly beauty1 was the mysterious one who had so silently joined him1 that he thought this must be one of the gods4 ,do you know me1 my son8 said the kingly stranger4 ,the boy looked at him in awe and wonder1 but unrecognizingly4 ,do you not know me1 my son8 he heard again 444 for ,i am your father1 ,pendragon4 ,but my home is yonder1 and that is why ,i have come to you as a vision in a dream 444 and1 as he spoke1 he pointed to the constellation of the ,arth1 or ,bear1 which nightly prowls through the vast abysses of the polar sky4 ,when the boy turned his gaze from the great constellation which hung in the dark wilderness overhead1 he saw that he was alone again4 ,while he yet wondered in great awe at what he had seen and heard1 he felt himself float like a mist and become like a cloud1 rise beyond the brows of the hills1 and ascend the invisible stairways of the sky4444 ,it seemed to him thereafter that a swoon came over him1 in which he passed beyond the far-off blazing fires of strange stars4 ,at last1 suddenly1 he stood on the verge of ,arth1 ,arth ,uthyr1 the ,great ,bear4 ,there he saw1 with the vision of immortal1 not of mortal1 eyes1 a company of most noble and majestic figures seated at what he thought a circular abyss1 but which had the semblance of a vast table4 ,each of these seven great knights or lordly kings had a star upon his forehead1 and these were stars of the mighty constellation of the ,bear which the boy had seen night after night from his home among the mountains by the sea4 ,it was with a burning throb at his heart that he recognized in the ,king of all these kings no other than himself4 ,while he looked1 in amazement so great that he could hear the pulse of his heart1 as in the silence of a wood one hears the tapping of a woodpecker1 he saw this mighty phantom self rise till he stood towering over all there1 and heard a voice as though an ocean rose and fell through the eternal silences4 ,comrades in ,god1 it said1 the time is come when that which is great shall become small4 ,and when the voice was ended1 the mighty figure faded in the blue darkness1 and only a great star shone where the uplifted dragon helm had brushed the roof of heaven4 ,one by one the white lords of the sky followed in his mysterious way1 till once more were to be seen only the stars of the ,bear4 ,the boy dreamed that he fell as a falling meteor1 and that he floated over land and sea as a cloud1 and then that he sank as mist upon the hills of his own land4 ,a noise of wind stirred in his ears4 ,he rose stumblingly1 and stood1 staring around him4 ,he glanced upward and saw the stars of the ,great ,bear in their slow march round the ,pole4444 ,then he remembered4 ,he went slowly down the hill1 his mind heavy with thought4 ,when he was come to his own place1 lo6 all the fierce chivalry of the land came out to meet him2 for the archdruid had foretold that the great ,king to be had received his mystic initiation among the holy silences of the hills4 ,i am no more ,snowbird1 the child1 the boy said1 looking at them fearless and as though already ,king4 ,henceforth ,i am ,arth-,urthyr1#fb for my place is in the ,great ,bear which we see yonder in the north4 ,so all there acclaimed him as ,arthur1 the wondrous one of the stars1 the ,great ,bear4 ,i am old1 said his father1 and soon you shall be ,king1 ,arthur1 my son4 ,so ask now a great boon of me and it shall be granted to you4 ,then ,arthur remembered his dream4 ,father and ,king1 he said1 when ,i am ,king after you1 ,i shall make a new order of knights1 who shall be pure as the ,immortal ,ones1 and be tender as women1 and simple as little children4 ,but first ,i ask of you seven flawless knights to be of my chosen company4 ,to-morrow let the wood wrights make for me a round table1 such as that where we eat our roasted meats1 but round and of a size whereat ,i and my chosen knights may sit at ease4 ,the king listened1 and all there4 ,so be it1 said the king4 ,then ,arthur chose the seven flawless knights1 and called them to him4 ,ye are now ,children of the ,great ,bear1 he said1 and comrades and liegemen to me1 ,arthur1 who shall be ,king of the ,west4 ,and ye shall be known as the ,knights of the ,round ,table4 ,but no man shall make a mock of that name and live3 and in the end that name shall be so great in the mouths and minds of men that they shall consider no glory of the world to be so great as to be the youngest and frailest of that knighthood4 ,and that is how ,arthur1 who three years later became ,king of the ,west1 read the rune of the stars that are called the ,great ,bear1 and took their name upon him1 and from the strongest and purest and noblest of the land made ,knighthood1 such as the world had not seen1 such as the world since has not seen4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #fa3 ,a ,gaelic legend1 by ,fiona ,macleod4 ,footnote #fb3 ,pronounced ,arth-,ur4 ,in the ancient ,british language1 ,arth means ,bear1 and ,urthyr1 great1 wondrous4 ,,expression3 ,read this selection very carefully to get at the true meaning of each sentence and each thought4 ,what peculiarities do you notice in the style of the language employed8 ,talk about ,king ,arthur1 and tell what you have learned elsewhere about him and his knights of the ,round ,table4 ,in what respects does this legend differ from some other accounts of his boyhood8 ,now reread the selection1 picturing in your mind the peculiarities of place and time4 ,,antony',s ,,oration ,,over ,c,,sar',s ,,dead ,,body#fc ,antony4 ,friends1 ,romans1 countrymen1 lend me your ears3 ,i come to bury ,csar1 not to praise him4 ,the evil that men do lives after them2 ,the good is oft interrd with their bones2 ,so let it be with ,csar4 ,the noble ,brutus ,hath told you ,csar was ambitious3 ,if it were so1 it was a grievous fault1 ,and grievously hath ,csar answered it4 ,here1 under leave of ,brutus and the rest-- ,for ,brutus is an honorable man2 ,so are they all1 all honorable men-- ,come ,i to speak in ,csar's funeral4 ,he was my friend1 faithful and just to me2 ,but ,brutus says he was ambitious1 ,and ,brutus is an honorable man4 ,he hath brought many captives home to ,rome1 ,whose ransoms did the general coffers fill2 ,did this in ,csar seem ambitious8 ,when that the poor have cried1 ,csar hath wept2 ,ambition should be made of sterner stuff4 ,yet ,brutus says he was ambitious1 ,and ,brutus is an honorable man4 ,you all did see1 that on the ,lupercal1 ,i thrice presented him a kingly crown1 ,which he did thrice refuse4 ,was this ambition8 ,yet ,brutus says he was ambitious1 ,and1 sure1 he is an honorable man4 ,i speak not to disprove what ,brutus spoke1 ,but here ,i am to speak what ,i do know4 ,you all did love him once1 not without cause2 ,what cause withholds you1 then1 to mourn for him8 ,o judgment6 thou art fled to brutish beasts1 ,and men have lost their reason4--,bear with me2 ,my heart is in the coffin there with ,csar1 ,and ,i must pause till it come back to me4 ,but yesterday the word of ,csar might ,have stood against the world2 now lies he there1 ,and none so poor to do him reverence4 ,o masters6 ,if ,i were disposed to stir ,your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage1 ,i should do ,brutus wrong and ,cassius wrong1 ,who1 you all know1 are honorable men4 ,i will not do them wrong2 ,i rather choose ,to wrong the dead1 to wrong myself and you1 ,than ,i will wrong such honorable men4 ,but here's a parchment with the seal of ,csar1 ,i found it in his closet2 'tis his will4 ,let but the commons hear this testament1-- ,which1 pardon me1 ,i do not mean to read1-- ,and they would go and kiss dead ,csar's wounds1 ,and dip their napkins in his sacred blood2 ,yea1 beg a hair of him for memory1 ,and1 dying1 mention it within their wills1 ,bequeathing it as a rich legacy ,unto their issue4 ,citizen4 ,we'll hear the will3 read it1 ,mark ,antony4 ,all4 ,the will1 the will6 we will hear ,csar's will4 ,ant4 ,have patience1 gentle friends1 ,i must not read it2 ,it is not meet you know how ,csar loved you4 ,you are not wood1 you are not stones1 but men2 ,and1 being men1 hearing the will of ,csar1 ,it will inflame you1 it will make you mad4 ',tis good you know not that you are his heirs2 ,for1 if you should1 oh1 what would come of it6 ,cit4 ,read the will6 we'll hear it1 ,antony6 ,you shall read the will6 ,csar's will6 ,ant4 ,will you be patient8 ,will you stay awhile8 ,i have o'ershot myself to tell you of it4 ,i fear ,i wrong the honorable men ,whose daggers have stabbed ,csar4 ,i do fear it4 ,cit4 ,they were traitors6 honorable men6 ,all4 ,the will6 the testament6 ,ant4 ,you will compel me1 then1 to read the will8 ,then make a ring about the corpse of ,csar1 ,and let me show you him that made the will4 ,shall ,i descend8 ,and will you give me leave8 ,all4 ,come down4 #b ,citizen4 ,descend4 ,you shall have leave4 ,illustration3 ,you all do know this mantle4 7,antony comes down from the pulpit47 ,ant4 ,if you have tears1 prepare to shed them now4 ,you all do know this mantle2 ,i remember ,the first time ever ,csar put it on4 ',twas on a summer's evening1 in his tent1 ,that day he overcame the ,nervii4 ,look6 in this place1 ran ,cassius's dagger through2 ,see what a rent the envious ,casca made2 ,through this1 the well-belovd ,brutus stabbed2 ,and1 as he plucked his cursd steel away1 ,mark how the blood of ,csar followed it1 ,as rushing out of doors1 to be resolved ,if ,brutus so unkindly knocked1 or no2 ,for ,brutus1 as you know1 was ,csar's angel4-- ,judge1 ,o you gods1 how dearly ,csar loved him6-- ,this was the most unkindest cut of all2 ,for1 when the noble ,csar saw him stab1 ,ingratitude1 more strong than traitors' arms1 ,quite vanquished him4 ,then burst his mighty heart2 ,and1 in his mantle muffling up his face1 ,even at the base of ,pompey's statua1 ,which all the while ran blood1 great ,csar fell4 ,oh1 what a fall was there1 my countrymen6 ,then ,i1 and you1 and all of us fell down1 ,whilst bloody treason flourished over us4 ,oh1 now you weep1 and ,i perceive you feel ,the dint of pity2 these are gracious drops4 ,kind souls1 ,what6 weep you when you but behold ,our ,csar's vesture wounded8 ,look you here1 ,here is himself1 marred1 as you see1 with traitors4 ,good friends1 sweet friends1 let me not stir you up ,to such a sudden flood of mutiny4 ,they that have done this deed are honorable4 ,what private griefs they have1 alas6 ,i know not1 ,that made them do it2 they are wise and honorable1 ,and will1 no doubt1 with reasons answer you4 ,i come not1 friends1 to steal away your hearts4 ,i am no orator1 as ,brutus is1 ,but1 as you know me all1 a plain blunt man1 ,that love my friend2 and that they know full well ,that gave me public leave to speak of him4 ,for ,i have neither wit1 nor words1 nor worth1 ,action1 nor utterance1 nor the power of speech1 ,to stir men's blood3 ,i only speak right on2 ,i tell you that which you yourselves do know2 ,show you sweet ,csar's wounds1 poor1 poor dumb mouths1 ,and bid them speak for me4 ,but were ,i ,brutus1 ,and ,brutus ,antony1 there were an ,antony ,would ruffle up your spirits1 and put a tongue ,in every wound of ,csar that should move ,the stones of ,rome to rise and mutiny4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #fc3 ,from ,julius ,csar by ,william ,shakespeare 7#aefd-afaf74 ,,selections ,,to ,,be ,,memorized ,i4 ,,the ,,prayer ,,perfect#fd ,dear ,lord6 kind ,lord6 ,gracious ,lord6 ,i pray ,thou wilt look on all ,i love1 ,tenderly to-day6 ,weed their hearts of weariness2 ,scatter every care ,down a wake of angel-wings1 ,winnowing the air4 ,bring unto the sorrowing ,all release from pain2 ,let the lips of laughter ,overflow again2 ,and with all the needy ,oh1 divide1 ,i pray1 ,this vast treasure of content ,that is mine to-day6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #fd3 ,from ,rhymes of ,childhood1 by ,james ,whitcomb ,riley1 copyright1 #ahij4 ,used by special permission of the publishers1 ,the ,bobbs-,merrill ,company4 ,,ii4 ,,be ,,just ,,and ,,fear ,,not#fe ,be just and fear not2 ,let all the ends thou aim'st at be thy country's1 ,thy ,god's1 and truth's4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #fe3 ,by ,william ,shakespeare4 ,,iii4 ,,if ,i ,,can ,,live#ff ,if ,i can live ,to make some pale face brighter and to give ,a second luster to some tear-dimmed eye1 ,or e'en impart ,one throb of comfort to an aching heart1 ,or cheer some wayworn soul in passing by2 ,if ,i can lend ,a strong hand to the falling1 or defend ,the right against one single envious strain1 ,my life1 though bare1 ,perhaps1 of much that seemeth dear and fair ,to us of earth1 will not have been in vain4 ,the purest joy1 ,most near to heaven1 far from earth's alloy1 ,is bidding cloud give way to sun and shine2 ,and 'twill be well ,if on that day of days the angels tell ,of me1 ,she did her best for one of ,thine4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #ff3 ,author unknown4 ,,iv4 ,,the ,,bugle ,,song#fg ,the splendor falls on castle walls ,and snowy summits old in story3 ,the long light shakes across the lakes1 ,and the wild cataract leaps in glory4 ,blow1 bugle1 blow1 set the wild echoes flying1 ,blow1 bugle2 answer1 echoes1 dying1 dying1 dying4 ,o hark1 ,o hear6 how thin and clear1 ,and thinner1 dearer1 farther going6 ,o sweet and far from cliff and scar ,the horns of ,elfland faintly blowing6 ,blow1 let us hear the purple glens replying3 ,blow1 bugle2 answer1 echoes1 dying1 dying1 dying4 ,o love1 they die in yon rich sky1 ,they faint on hill or field or river2 ,our echoes roll from soul to soul1 ,and grow for ever and for ever4 ,blow1 bugle1 blow1 set the wild echoes flying1 ,and answer1 echoes1 answer1 dying1 dying1 dying4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #fg3 ,by ,alfred ,tennyson4 ,v4 ,,the ,,ninetieth ,,psalm ,lord1 thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations4 ,before the mountains were brought forth1 or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world1 even from everlasting to everlasting1 thou art ,god4 ,thou turns man to destruction2 and sayest1 ,return1 ye children of men4 ,for a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past1 and as a watch in the night4 ,thou carried them away as with a flood2 they are as a sleep3 in the morning they are like grass which groweth up4 ,in the morning it flourisheth1 and groweth up2 in the evening it is cut down1 and withereth4 ,for we are consumed by thine anger1 and by thy wrath are we troubled4 ,thou hast set our iniquities before thee1 our secret sins in the light of thy countenance4 ,for all our days are passed away in thy wrath2 we spend our years as a tale that is told4 ,the days of our years are threescore years and ten2 and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years1 yet is their strength labor and sorrow2 for it is soon cut off1 and we fly away4 ,who knoweth the power of thine anger8 even according to thy fear1 so is thy wrath4 ,so teach us to number our days1 that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom4444 ,oh1 satisfy us early with thy mercy2 that we may rejoice and be glad all our days4444 ,let thy work appear unto thy servants1 and thy glory unto their children4 ,,vi4 ,,recessional#fh ,god of our fathers1 known of old-- ,lord of our far-flung battle line-- ,beneath ,whose awful ,hand we hold ,dominion over palm and pine-- ,lord ,god of ,hosts1 be with us yet1 ,lest we forget--lest we forget6 ,the tumult and the shouting dies-- ,the captains and the kings depart-- ,still stands ,thine ancient ,sacrifice1 ,a humble and a contrite heart4 ,god of ,hosts1 be with us yet1 ,lest we forget--lest we forget6 ,far-called1 our navies melt away-- ,on dune and headland sinks the fire-- ,lo1 all our pomp of yesterday ,is one with ,nineveh and ,tyre6 ,judge of the ,nations1 spare us yet1 ,lest we forget--lest we forget6 ,if1 drunk with sight of power1 we loose ,wild tongues that have not ,thee in awe-- ,such boasting as the ,gentiles use ,or lesser breeds without the ,law-- ,lord ,god of ,hosts1 be with us yet1 ,lest we forget--lest we forget6 ,for heathen heart that puts her trust ,in reeking tube and iron shard1 ,all valiant dust that builds on dust1 ,and guarding calls not ,thee to guard-- ,for frantic boast and foolish word1 ,thy mercy on ,thy people1 ,lord6 ,amen4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #fh3 ,by ,rudyard ,kipling4 ,,proper ,,names ,ad i ron'dacks to'li a ,ag a mem'non ,a lon'zo ,a me'li a ,an a to'li a ,an'to ny ,a pol'lo ,ar'give ,ar'thur ,assisi 73as se ze7 ,as s7yr'i a ,bar'ba ra ,ba va'ri a ,ber'lin ,bevagno 7ba van'yo7 ,boetia 7be o'sh7i a7 ,bo'na parte ,bozzaris 7bo z7ar'is7 ,brit'ta ny ,bru'tus ,bun'yan ,bur'gun dy ,bysshe 7b7ish7 ,ca'diz ,cal e do'ni a ,ca thay' ,cau'dle ,charn'wood ,chat ta hoo'chee ,chis'wick ,col i se'um ,cop'per field ,cov'er ley ,crea'kle ,cris'sa ,da'na ,d7an'ube ,dav'en port ,delft ,domitian 7do m7ish'i an7 ,eb en e'zer ,espaola 77es pan yo'la7 ,eu'taw ,fer nan'do ,f7ez'z7i wig ,fran'cis ,gal i le'o ,get'tys burg ,gib'son ,gu3a n3a h7a'n3i ,hab'er sham ,ha'man ,h3am'elin ,har'le quin ,h7el'las ,hel'les pont ,hu'bert ,ja mai'ca ,je mi'ma ,john'son ,juana 7hw3a'na7 ,knick'erbock er ,la nier' ,lannes 7l3an7 ,leg'horn ,locks'ley ,lor raine' ,mag ne'si a ,m7ar'i on ,mas'sa soit ,m7ich'ael mas ,mon'mouth ,mont calm' ,mon te bel'lo ,mont g3om'er y ,na po'le on ,need'wood ,nich'o las ,nin'e veh ,or'e gon ,o res'tes ,pal'las ,phoe'bus ,pinzon 7pen thon'7 ,pla t'a ,po to'mac ,pro vence' 7-v7ans7 ,r7aph'a el ,r7at'is bon ,rieti 7re 7e'te7 ,rog'er ,rouen 7roo 3an'7 ,sa'lem ,san'chez ,san ,sal va dor' ,san tee' ,sar a to'ga ,sed'ley ,shel'ley ,spoun'cer ,to'bit ,to'phet ,tul'l7i ver ,tyre ,um'br7i a ,v7al'en tine ,wake' field ,ys'a bel ,,list ,,of ,,authors 7,place of birth in parentheses4 ,title of one noted book in italics4 ,title of most famous poem in quotation marks47 ,browning1 ,robert4 ,english poet4 ,the ,ring and the ,book4 7,born near ,london47 ,lived in ,italy4 #ahab-ahhi4 ,bryant1 ,william ,cullen4 ,american poet and journalist4 ,thanatopsis4 7,massachusetts47 ,new ,york4 #agid-ahgh4 ,buckley1 ,arabella ,b4 7,mrs4 ,fisher74 ,english writer on popular science4 7,brighton1 ,england47 #ahdj----4 ,bunyan1 ,john4 ,english preacher and writer4 ,pilgrim's ,progress4 7,bedford47 ,london4 #afbh-afhh4 ,burns1 ,robert4 ,scottish poet4 ,tam ,o',shanter4 7,alloway47 ,dumfries4 #agei-agif4 ,campbell1 ,thomas4 ,scottish poet4 ,hohenlinden4 7,glasgow47 #aggg-ahdd4 ,canton1 ,william4 ,english journalist and writer4 #ahde----4 ,carnegie 7k3ar n7eg'7i71 ,andrew4 ,american manufacturer and philanthropist4 7,scotland47 ,new ,york4 #ahcg----4 ,cherry1 ,andrew4 ,irish poet and dramatist4 ,all for ,fame4 7,ireland47 #agfb-ahab4 ,collins1 ,william4 ,english poet4 7,chichester47 #agba-agei4 ,columbus1 ,christopher4 ,the discoverer of ,america4 7,genoa1 ,italy47 ,spain4 #addf787-aejf4 ,cook1 ,eliza4 ,english poet4 ,the ,old ,arm-,chair4 #ahah-ahhi4 ,dickens1 ,charles4 ,english novelist4 ,david ,copperfield4 7,portsmouth47 ,london4 #ahab-ahgj4 ,domett 7d7om'et71 ,alfred4 ,english poet and statesman4 ,christmas ,hymn4 #ahaa-ahhg4 ,dumas 7d3u m3a'71 ,alexandre4 ,french novelist and dramatist4 ,the ,count of ,monte ,cristo4 #ahjb-ahgj4 ,eliot1 ,george 7,mrs4 ,mary ,ann ,evans ,cross74 ,english novelist4 ,the ,mill on the ,floss4 #ahai-ahhj4 ,emerson1 ,ralph ,waldo4 ,american philosopher and poet4 ,essays4 7,boston47 #ahjc-ahhb4 ,everett1 ,edward4 ,american statesman and orator4 ,orations and ,speeches4 7,massachusetts47 #agid-ahfe4 ,fields1 ,james ,t4 ,american publisher and author4 7,new ,hampshire47 ,massachusetts4 #ahag-ahha4 ,giberne1 ,agnes4 ,english writer on scientific subjects4 ,goldsmith1 ,oliver4 ,english poet and novelist4 ,vicar of ,wakefield4 7,ireland47 #agbh-aggd4 ,halleck1 ,fitz-,greene4 ,american poet4 ,marco ,bozzaris4 7,connecticut47 #agij-ahfg4 ,hawthorne1 ,nathaniel4 ,american novelist4 ,the ,wonder ,book4 7,massachusetts47 #ahjd-ahfd4 ,henry1 ,patrick4 ,american patriot4 7,virginia47 #agcf-agii4 ,herrick1 ,robert4 ,english poet4 #aeia-afgd4 ,holmes1 ,oliver ,wendell4 ,american author4 ,autocrat of the ,breakfast ,table4 7,massachusetts47 #ahji-ahid4 ,hugo1 ,victor4 ,french novelist and poet4 #ahjb-ahhe4 ,hunt1 ,leigh 7,james ,henry ,leigh ,hunt74 ,english essayist and poet4 ,abou ben ,adhem4 #aghd-ahei4 ,irving1 ,washington4 ,american prose writer4 ,the ,sketch ,book4 7,new ,york47 #aghc-ahei4 ,jerrold1 ,douglas ,william4 ,english humorist4 ,mrs4 ,caudle's ,curtain ,lectures4 7,london47 #ahjc-aheg4 ,jonson1 ,ben4 ,english dramatist4 #aegc-afcg4 ,kipling1 ,rudyard4 ,english writer4 ,the ,jungle ,book4 7,bombay1 ,india47 ,england4 #ahfe----4 ,lamb1 ,charles4 ,english essayist4 7,london47 #agge-ahcd4 ,lanier1 ,sidney4 ,american musician and author4 ,poems4 7,georgia47 ,maryland4 #ahdb-ahha4 ,lee1 ,henry4 ,american general1 father of ,robert ,e4 ,lee4 7,virginia47 #agef-ahah4 ,lincoln1 ,abraham4 ,sixteenth president of the ,united ,states4 7,kentucky47 ,illinois4 #ahji-ahfe4 ,longfellow1 ,henry ,wadsworth4 ,american poet4 ,poems4 7,maine47 ,massachusetts4 #ahjg-ahhb4 ,lowell1 ,james ,russell4 ,american poet and essayist4 7,massachusetts47 #ahai-ahia4 ,macleod1 ,fiona 7,true name ,william ,sharp74 ,scottish poet and story-writer4 #ahef-aije4 ,mitchell1 ,donald ,g4 ,american essayist4 ,reveries of a ,bachelor4 7,connecticut47 #ahbb-aijh4 ,parker1 ,theodore4 ,american clergyman and author4 7,massachusetts47 #ahaj-ahfj4 ,poe1 ,edgar ,allan4 ,american poet and story-writer4 ,the ,raven4 7,massachusetts47 ,virginia4 #ahji-ahdi4 ,pope1 ,alexander4 ,english poet4 7,london47 #afhh-agdd4 ,proctor1 ,richard ,a4 ,english astronomer4 #ahcg-ahhh4 ,riley1 ,james ,whitcomb4 ,american poet4 7,indiana47 #aheb----4 ,rogers1 ,samuel4 ,english poet4 7,london47 #agfc-ahee4 ,ryan1 ,abram ,j4 ,american clergyman and poet4 7,virginia47 ,georgia2 ,kentucky4 #ahci-ahhf4 ,scott1 ,sir ,walter4 ,scottish poet and novelist4 ,ivanhoe4 7,edinburgh47 #agga-ahcb4 ,shakespeare1 ,william4 ,the greatest of ,english dramatists4 7,stratford-on-,avon47 #aefd-afaf4 ,sharp1 ,william4 ,see ,macleod1 ,fiona4 ,shelley1 ,percy ,bysshe 7b7ish74 ,english poet4 ,poems4 #agib-ahbb4 ,simms1 ,william ,gilmore4 ,american novelist and poet4 7,south ,carolina47 #ahjf-ahgj4 ,sophocles 7s7of'o klez74 ,greek tragic poet4 #die-djf ,b4,c4 ,sylvester1 ,joshua4 ,english poet4 #aefc-afah4 ,tennyson1 ,alfred4 ,english poet4 ,in ,memoriam4 7,lincolnshire47 #ahji-ahib4 ,thackeray1 ,william ,makepeace4 ,english novelist and critic4 7,calcutta1 ,india47 ,london4 #ahaa-ahfc4 ,timrod1 ,henry4 ,american poet4 7,south ,carolina47 #ahbi-ahfg4 ,whitman1 ,walt4 ,american poet4 ,leaves of ,grass4 7,new ,york47 ,washington1 ,d4,c42 ,new ,jersey4 #ahai-ahib4 ,whittier1 ,john ,greenleaf4 ,american poet4 ,poems4 7,massachusetts47 #ahjg-ahib4 ,winslow1 ,edward4 ,governor of ,plymouth colony4 7,worcestershire1 ,eng47 ,plymouth1 ,massachusetts4 #aeie-afee4 ,wotton1 ,sir ,henry4 ,english poet4 #aefh-afci4