,,! ,,turki% ,,ba?3 ,,its ,,design ,,& ,,con/ruction2 ,,) ,,*apt]s ,,on ,,! ,,adaptation ,,( ,,! ,,ba? ,,to ,,! ,,private ,,h\se1 ,,! ,,in/itution1 ,,& ,,! ,,tra9+ ,,/able4 ,,by ,,rob]t ,,ow5 ,,allsop1 ,,ar*itect4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,plans ,,& ,,sections ,f ,scale ,draw+s by ! ,au?or4 ,illu/ration ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #abe1 ,,/r&1 ,,london4 ,,new ,,york3 #ab1 ,,cortl&t ,,/reet4 #ahij ,,preface4 ,! pres5t "w orig9ally appe>$ 9 ! =m ( a s]ies ( illu/rat$ articles 9 ! columns ( ! ,build+ ,news4 ,x has be5 c>efully revis$ & enl>g$ ) ! addition ( mu* new matt]4 ,! object ( ! au?or 9 publi%+ ! "w 9 its pres5t =m is to provide1 9 addition to a text-book = ! ar*itect1 a treatise :i* %all enable ! public to =m _! own judgm5t z to ! relative m]its ( ! ba?s t compete = _! patronage4 ,! pr9ciples1 h]e9 enunciat$1 ^u :i* good ba?s %\ld be built1 w be easily grasp$ by ! ord9>y read]2 & ! detail$ plans & in/ructions w1 x is hop$1 supply su* in=mation z w enable ! design] ( ba?s to cope ) ! exig5cies ( any & e case ) :i* he may be confront$4 #cg1 ,,norfolk ,,/reet1 ,,/r&1 ,,london4 ,m>* #ahij4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,,introduction #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,g5]al ,,requirem5ts ,,( ,a ,,public ,,ba? #i ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,g5]al ,,disposition ,,( ,,plan ,,( ,,public ,,ba?s #ag ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,a ,,detail$ ,,consid]ation ,,( ,,features ,,peculi> ,,to ,,! ,,ba? #cb ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,heat+ ,,& ,,v5tilation #ei ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,wat]-,,fitt+s ,,& ,,appliances #hg ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,light+1 ,,decorat+1 ,,& ,,furni%+ #ajb ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,turki% ,,ba? ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se #aah ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,ba? ,,9 ,,public ,,& ,,private ,,in/itutions1 ,,etc4 #acd ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,turki% ,,ba? ,,= ,,horses #ada ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,fig4 ,,page #a4 ,turki% ,ba?s1 ,savoy ,hill1 ,london #ba #b4 ,turki% ,ba?s1 ,*>+ ,cross1 ,london #bd #c4 ,turki% ,ba?s1 ,eu/on ,road1 ,london #bh #d4 ,a ,plunge ,ba? #ej1 #ea #e4 ,me?ods ( arrang+ ,c\*es 9 ,cool+ ,room #ef #f4 ,view ( a small ,furnace ,*amb]1 ) portion ( wall brok5 away to %[ ! ,convolut$ ,/ove #fe #g4 ,an ,air ,filt] #fg #h4 ,plans & ,section ( a ,furnace ,*amb]1 c41 = a ,ba? on ! ord9>y ,hot-air ,pr9ciple #fh #i4 ,section ( ,hot ,room1 %[+ ,f\l-air ,conduit #gb #aj4 ,a ,fireclay ,heat+ ,app>atus #gd #aa4 ,longitud9al ,section ( ,sudatory ,*amb]s #hd #ab4 ,a ,%ampoo+ ,bas9 #ij #ac4 ,valve = ,regulat+ ,temp]ature ( ,wat] #ia #ad4 ,a ,ne$le ,ba? #id #ae4 ,spray1 ,wave1 & ,d\*e ,ba?s #ie #af4 ,regulat+ ,valves = ,ne$le1 ,d\*e1 c4 #if #ag4 ,ba!r's ,%[] ,ba? #ii #ah4 ,section & ,plan ( an ,enamell$ ,iron ,ceil+ #ajg #ai4 ,plans ( ,plunge ,ba?s #aab #bj4 ,section ( ,b5*es 9 ,hot ,rooms1 & 9 ,cool+ ,room ,divans #aae #ba4 ,furniture ( a ,turki% ,ba? #aag #bb4 ,plan ( ,mr4 ,urquh>t's ,small ,private ,ba? & ( ! ,hot ,room at ,sir ,erasmus ,wilson's ,ba? at ,ri*mond ,hill #aai #bc4 ,me?ods ( con/ruct+ ,turki% ,ba?s 9 exi/+ ,h\ses #abd #bd4 ,a complete ,private ,turki% ,ba? #abf #be4 ,design = a ,private ,turki% ,ba? #acj1 #aca #bf4 ,plan ( ! ,ba?s at ! ,hotel ,mont ,dore1 ,b\rnem\? #ace #bg4 ,plan ( ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railway ,company's ,turki% ,ba? = ,horses #adb ,,! ,,turki% ,,ba?4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introduction4 ,s9ce ! revival ( ! ba? ( antiquity1 & its introduction into ?is c\ntry "u ! "n ( ! ,turki% ba?1 ?is me?od ( ba?+ has become v g5]ally adopt$2 & al?\gh onw>d progress is r5d]$ less rapid ?an x might be1 by ! wide-spread popul> ignorance t ascribes an elem5t ( dang] to ! ba?1 errone\s impressions are be+ gradually remov$1 & ! cont9ual build+ ( new ba?s te/ifies to ! mann] 9 :i* ! in/itution fl\ri%es on ,briti% soil4 ,to :at ext5t ! delusion conc]n+ ! suppos$ dang] connect$ ) ?is =m ( ba?+ is to be ascrib$ to popul> ignorance & prejudice1 or to ! fact t ba?s ( unsuitable design & con/ruction1 & ( faulty heat+ & v5tilation1 are put be=e ! public1 x w\ld be h>d to say4 ,c]ta9 x is t ! latt] cause has done mu*--v mu*--injury4 ,i _c b ?9k t "o ( ! *ief ob/acles to ! progress ( ! ba? 9 ?is c\ntry1 is t little or no?+ has be5 writt5 or said ab\t its prop] design1 con/ruction1 & work+1 & t no full inquiry has be5 made into ! be/ possible me?od ( supply+ heat to ! ba!rs4 ,z a consequ5ce1 we h _h1 & /ill h1 plac$ be=e ! public1 & meet+ ) undes]v$ success1 ,turki% ba?s :i* are su* only 9 "n--unheal?y1 ill-v5tilat$ cell>s1 :]e ! air1 det]iorat$ at ! outset by ! heat+ app>atus1 /agnates 9 ! sudatory *amb]s1 & becomes load$ ) ! exhalations & emanations ( ! ba!rs1 & n unfrequ5tly *>g$ ) a nauseat+ & disgu/+ od\r4 ,:at wond] t we s (t5 he> p]sons rem>k t !y h tri$ ! ba?1 b nei!r enjoy$ x nor did x agree ) !m6 ,! damag+ effect ( ba?s ( ?is type on ! prospects ( ! true ba? is incalculable4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( enlight5m5t1 h[ev]1 ?\s&s1 conv9c$ ( ! value & b5efit ( ! ba?+1 p]iodically att5d ^! mis]able sub/itutes = prop]ly-plann$1 hygi5ically-heat$1 & effectively-v5tilat$ ,turki% ba?s4 ,view+ any self-evid5t %ortcom+s z irrem$iable evils1 ignorant ( ! true pr9ciples ( ba? con/ruction1 & kn[+ little or no?+ ( ! physiological action ( ! ba?1 !y h nei!r ! means ( asc]ta9+1 nor ! p[] to detect1 ! g5u9e article f ! h>mful sub/itute4 ,) ! public ! be/ ba? w be ! mo/ elaborate & mo/ fla%ily decorat$1 & ! mo?-&-c&le pr9ciple comes into play ) /rik+ semblance to ! orig9al type4 ,s mu* has be5 writt5 & said ab\t ! arrangem5t1 design1 & work+ ( ! ba?s ( ! anci5t ,romans1 & ( ! ,ori5tal nations ( to-day1 t x w be sup]flu\s & unnecess>y "h to ent] ^u ! subject1 fasc9at+ ?\gh x be to any "o int]e/$ 9 ! build+ ( mod]n ba?s4 ,an intellig5t /udy ( old plans1 & ( ! writ+s ( ^? :o h giv5 _! att5tion to ! elucidation ( ! special purposes to :i* ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts ( ! ,roman ,!rm 7 devot$1 s]ves 9 no small degree to a complete und]/&+ ( ! problems involv$ 9 ! p]fect+ ( ! ba? 9 mod]n times4 ,s also ) reg>d to ! ,hammam ( ! ,ea/1 an acqua9tance ) its plan & work+ is equally in/ructive4 ,b to fully elucidate ! hi/ory ( !rmo-!rapeutic ar*itecture w\ld require a volume ( itself1 s9ce ! _m que/ions t pres5t !mselves to ! /ud5t ( anci5t ba?s _c be prop]ly und]/ood )\t consid]able & l5g?y description4 ,^? desir\s ( /udy+ ! subject ( ! design ( anci5t & ,ori5tal ba?s w f9d _m works )9 easy rea*4 ,9 8 ',manual ( ! ,turki% ,ba?1' ! late ,david ,urquh>t has giv5 a mo/ complete acc\nt ( ,ea/]n ba?s2 & 9 ,sir ,erasmus ,wilson's ',ea/]n or ,turki% ,ba?1' w be f\nd a popul> acc\nt ( ! sumptu\s ba?s ( antiquity1 :i* w s]ve z an introduction to fur!r rese>*es ) ! aid ( m ab/ruse works1 su* z ,wolla/on's ',!rm ,romano-,britannic1' ,cam]on's ',ba?s ( ! ,romans1' & p>ticul>ly ! c>eful description ( ! ,pompeian ,balne 9 ,sir ,william ,gell's ',pompeiana4' ,9 ! admirable works ( ,samuel ,lysons1 ! ,gl\ce/]%ire antiqu>y1 w be f\nd int]e/+ acc\nts ( ! rema9s ( old ,roman ba?s 9 ?is c\ntry2 & 9 ,d>emb]g & ,saglio's ',dictionnaire des ,antiquits ,grecques et ,roma9es1' is a mo/ capable essay on anci5t ,balne4 ,9 ,ea/]n travell]s' books1 desultory descriptions ( ! ,ori5tal ba? w be f\nd2 & 9 ,ow5 ,jones's "w on ! ,palace ( ! ,alhambra1 at ,granada1 plans & sections are giv5 ( ! elegant little ba? t ! ,moori% build]s erect$ !re94 ,= ! purposes ( ?is "w1 & = ! sake ( brevity & conv5i5ce1 ,i h ?\ght fit to adopt ! foll[+ t]ms f ! old ,roman vocabul>y1 to designate ! ap>tm5ts ( ! mod]n ba?4 ,i respectively t]m ! fir/1 second1 & ?ird hot rooms1 ! ,tepid>ium1 ,calid>ium1 & ,laconicum4 ,al?\gh ! exact nature ( ! anci5t ,roman laconicum is /ill a "q 9 debate1 ,i h *os5 to employ ! t]m to designate h]e9 ! hotte/ ( ! hot4 ,! wa%+ room ,i call ! ,lavatorium2 ! cool+ room1 ! ,frigid>ium2 & ! sep>ate dress+ room1 ! ,apodyt]ium4 ,! mod]n ,turki% ba? is r a revival ( ! ,roman ba?1 ?an t ( ! ,ea/4 ,among ! ,ori5tals1 ! air ( ! sudorific *amb]s is *>g$ m or less heavily ) vap\r4 ,9 ! anci5t ,roman ba?1 ! atmosph]e mu/ h be5 m or less dry4 ,& x has be5 decid$ by physiologi/s & physicians ( ! hydropa?ic s*ool1 t ! air ( ! ba? _c be too free ( all moi/ure4 ,) a p]fectly dry atmosph]e a high degree ( heat c be borne1 & ! dryness moreov] is conducive to p]spiration4 ,?is absolute ne$ = a dry atmosph]e 9 ! ba? w be f\nd fully expla9$ 9 an admirable "w by ,dr4 ,w4,b4 ,hunt]1 ,m4,d41 entitl$ ',! ,turki% ,ba?3 its ,uses & ,abuses4' ,b not)/&+ ! fact t ! type ( ba? employ$ at ! pres5t day resembles1 9 po9t ( dryness ( atmosph]e1 t ( anci5t ,rome1 ! "n ( ,turki% ba?1 orig9ally giv5 to x by ,mr4 ,urquh>t1 has held good1 & mu/ n[ be accept$ z ! correct mod]n designation4 ,nei!r ! t]m ,turki%1 h[ev]1 nor ! designation hot-air ba?1 convey to ! un9itiat$ any idea ( ! true pr9ciple ( ! ba?1 z ,i %all h]e9aft] call x = brevity's sake4 ,m prop]ly x is a heat ba?--a !rmal cure4 ,9 ! ord9>y hot-air ba?1 ! heat$ air is simply a m$ium2 &1 z ,i h endeav\r$ to expla9 9 ! body ( ?is little "w1 ! heat is be/ suppli$ to ! body ( ! ba!r by direct radiation4 ,by ! ,turki% ba?1 !re=e1 ,i w\ld be und]/ood to mean a me?od ( supply+ pure heat--n necess>ily hot air--to ! surface ( ! human body = hygi5ic1 rem$ial1 & curative purposes4#a ,9 ! foll[+ pages1 h[ev]1 ,i h1 9 ?is respect1 treat$ ( ! subject f ! broade/ po9t ( view1 & h expla9$ ! me?od ( design+ ! hot-air ba? pure & simple1 look+ ^u ! convect$ & radiat+ heat pr9ciples z bo? good ( _! k9d1 & p]fectly admissible modes ( apply+ heat to ! human frame4 ,i h adh]$ to ?is plan ?r\gh\t1 because1 ev5 suppos+ t x 7 %[n conclusively to-morr[1 t ! pr9ciple ( heat+ by convection is absolutely wrong1 ba?s ( ?is type w\ld1 ow+ to ! sl[ m>* ( improvem5t 9 ?is c\ntry1 /ill be built & require to be plann$4 ,moreov]1 x has be5 9 ! pa/1 & /ill is1 ! g5]ally accept$ idea t ! ,turki% ba? is a hot-air ba? pure & simple4 ,m$ical m5 ( em95ce :o h /udi$ ! "q h ?\ght fit to reta9 ! t]m hot air 9 descriptions ( ! ,turki% ba?4 ,9 def]5ce to _! op9ion ,i may h]e9aft]1 9 places1 speak ( ! hot-air ba?4 ,! argum5ts put =w>d 9 fav\r ( radiant heat1 ) a comp>atively cool atmosph]e1 9 ! sudorific *amb]s1 are1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! result ( my own exp]i5ce & /udy4 ,i treat ( my subject 9 two sections1 deal+ ) public & private ba?s respectively4 ,*apt]s ,,ii4 to ,,vii4 are devot$ to ! elucidation ( ! pr9ciples to be obs]v$ 9 ! build+ ( public ba?s1 ei!r = true public purposes or z comm]cial speculations4 ,x is unnecess>y to speak ( ^! two classes ( ba?s "u sep>ate heads3 :at is requir$ ( ! "o is requir$ ( ! o!r4 ,! only diff]5ce is t "o is ! prop]ty ( ! p1 & may be requir$ to be design$ 9 a block ( build+s conta9+ o!r k9ds ( ba?s2 & ! o!r is own$ by a company ( p]sons or by a s+le individual z ! case may be1 & is g5]ally an e/abli%m5t complete 9 itself4 ,x is n to ! cr$it ( ! ,engli% nation t s little has be5 done 9 connection ) ,turki% ba? build+ = ! p4 ,! att5tion giv5 to ! "q ( supply+ ba?-h\ses ( any k9d is ( ! mo/ meagre "*4 ,! provisions ( ! ,public ,ba?s & ,wa%-h\ses ,act are entirely inadequate4 ,9 ^! matt]s ! ,g]man nation is f> ahead ( u4 ,=tunately = ! g5]al heal?1 ! ,engli%man is r5[n$ = 8 morn+ tub4 ,b ! cold tub is m]ely a tonic ba?1 & ! ,turki% ba? cleanses bo? ! inw>d & outw>d man1 besides con/itut+ a mo/ p]fect tonic4 ,! cleanl9ess ( ! va/ body ( ! ,engli% dep5ds on ! w>m %all[ ba?1 an ineffective means at ! be/1 &1 (t51 :5 tak5 at a high temp]ature1 fraught ) a real dang] to c]ta9 con/itutions4 ,us$1 z cu/om>y1 )\t a tonic application ( cold wat]1 x is em95tly conducive to cold-cat*+4 ,b "o _c blame ! av]age ,engli%man = 8 neglect ( ! heal?-giv+ habit ( sci5tific ba?+1 unless he sees ! advantage (1 & has means to af=d1 a ,turki% ba? 9 8 own h\se4 ,he looks 9 va9 = an appropriate1 com=table1 & attractive ba?-h\se provid$ = him by ! ,legislature1 & he dislikes ! ?\ght ( ! impure atmosph]e & od\rs ( ! s-call$ ,turki% ba?s provid$ by ent]pris+ bus9ess m54 ,he c d no?+ b fall back on 8 w>m wat] ba? & cold morn+ tub4 ,9 ! second section1 compris$ 9 ,*apt]s ,,viii4 to ,x41 ,i h dealt ) private ba?s1 includ+ ! ba? 9 ! h\se & mansion1 9 in/itutions ( "o k9d & ano!r1 & 9 connection ) tra9+ /ables4 ,9 ! *apt] on ! ba? 9 ! private h\se1 w be f\nd plans ( ba?s ( sev]al types1 f ! smalle/ & lea/ exp5sive to ! mo/ elaborate & co/ly4 ,x is my hope t ?is little "w may lead to "s att5tion be+ be/[$ on ! "q ( provid+ public ,turki% ba?s wor?y ( ! c\ntry2 t x may add a /imulus to ! build+ ( high-class ba?s z comm]cial speculations2 & t1 f its pages1 ^? desir\s ( exp]i5c+ ! luxury ( a model ,turki% ba? 9 _! own homes1 may le>n ! be/ me?ods ( its design & con/ruction4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,g]mans1 ) m p]ception & accuracy ?an ourselves1 t]m ! !rapeutic ag5t t we call$ ! ,turki% ba?1 ! ,roman-,iri% ba?--! ,rmis*-iris*e ,bd]4 ,bo? ! anci5t ,roman ba? & ! old ,iri% sweat+-h\se1 gave out radiant heat f ! walls to ! ba!r1 & did n dep5d on ! supply+ ( hot air4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,g5]al ,,requirem5ts ,,( ,a ,,public ,,ba?4 ,9 ord] to avoid unnecess>y exp5se 9 work+ & managem5t1 a public ,turki% ba? %\ld be conv5i5t & compact 9 plan4 ,x %\ld be z p]fect z possible 9 reg>d to heat+ & v5tilation1 9 ord] to insure patronage2 &1 = ! same reason1 x %\ld be made a ?+ ( beauty4 ,a badly-v5tilat$1 inconv5i5t1 & ill-adorn$ ba? does h>m1 bo? to ! ba!r & ! cause4 ,x is its own enemy1 & h>mful also to all o!r ba?s2 :]eas e ably-design$ ba? has 9 itself ! elem5ts ( success1 & assi/s exi/+ in/itutions by increas+ ! numb] ( conv]ts to ! process4 ,a good ba? does n necess>ily mean an elaborate & exp5sive "o1 b prim>ily "o :]e ! heat+ & v5tilation are on ! late/ & mo/ approv$ pr9ciples1 & :]e ! %ampoo+ & wa%+ rooms are kept sweet & clean1 ! ba?+ appliances effective1 & ! cool+ rooms ample1 & suppli$ ) an abundance ( fre% air4 ,?is is n ! result ( sumptu\sness & elaboration1 b ( pure appli$ sci5ce4 ,amplitude ( space1 h[ev]1 facilitates its atta9m5t1 z x is difficult to r5d] a cramp$ ba? b5eficial & attractive4 ,by an attractive ba?1 ,i w\ld be und]/ood to mean "o 9 :i* ! visitor w feel int]e/ 9 ! design2 :]e pleasant objects are pres5t$ to 8 eye1 bo? 9 ! sudorific *amb]s & 9 ! cool+ rooms4 ,arti/ic decorations h "h a comm]cial value4 ,! ba? requir+ "t1 ! ba!r is compell$ to pass "s h\rs 9 ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts1 & x is !re=e highly desirable t 8 surr\nd+s be r5d]$ pleasant & ent]ta9+4 ,9 a ,turki% ba?1 z 9 o!r ar*itectural matt]s1 ?is is n ! result ( a prodigal exp5diture on co/ly decorations & fitt+s1 b r ( a c>eful arrangem5t ( necess>y & desirable features1 & a k ( ! me?ods ( obta9+ piquancy ( effect by _! di/ribution on ! plan4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! mod]n ba? is modifi$ f t ( ! ,anci5ts & ,ori5tals to suit ! accept$ =m ( practice 9 ?is c\ntry1 s t ! ord] ( ! diff]5t processes ?r\gh :i* ! ba!r passes gov]ns ! disposition ( ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts4 ,! *ief object to be atta9$ is to induce a m or less vigor\s p]spiration by ! application ( heat4 ,?is heat is n[ g5]ally appli$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! air1 :i* is rais$ to a high temp]ature by be+ pass$ ov] & 9 contact ) ! heat$ surfaces ( /oves ( v>i\s designs1 or by direct radiation f hot metal or firebrick4 ,!oretically1 ! g5]ally-adopt$ me?od ( apply+ ! heat to ! ba!r might be greatly improv$1 b practically x has be5 f\nd ! be/4 ,into ^! que/ions1 h[ev]1 ,i %all ent] :5 treat+ ( ! heat+ & v5tilat+ ( ! ba?4 ,= ! pres5t1 x w suffice to say t ! *ief object to be atta9$ 9 ! ba? is ! supply+ ( an abundance ( pure hot air to ! v>i\s sudorific *amb]s1 & ! rapid )drawal ( ! f\l air & exhalations4 ,s9ce ! disposition ( ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts is gov]n$ by ! me?ods ( ba?+ 9 vogue1 x w be necess>y to fir/ give ! read] a brief acc\nt ( ! v>i\s processes und]gone by ! ba!r4 ,! object ( ! pr(use p]spiration to be atta9$ is tw(old--7#a7 ,to cleanse ! blood ( impurities2 & 7#b7 to loos5 ! dead scales ( ! epid]mis1 or sc>f-sk91 t spreads itself ev]y:]e ov] ! true sk9 or cuticle4 ,besides ?is1 h[ev]1 physiologi/s tell u t ! heat itself has a b5eficial effect on ! body 9 o!r ways1 & is1 9 cases ( disease1 a mo/ p[]ful curative & rem$ial ag5t4 ,?is latt] fact expla9s ! necessity = ! high temp]atures employ$1 z m]e p]spiration c\ld be atta9$ ) a comp>atively l[ degree ( heat4 ,! c\rse ( treatm5t to be und]gone by ! ba!r1 z giv5 by ,sir ,erasmus ,wilson1 is--7#a7 ,exposure ( ! nak$ body to hot dry air4 7#b7 ,ablution ) w>m & cold wat]4 7#c7 ,cool+ & dry+ ! sk94 ,9 addition to ^!1 h[ev]1 !re %\ld be add$ ! process ( massage or %ampoo+ be=e wa%+4 ,! p]spiration is atta9$ 9 ! v>i\s hot rooms--! ,tepid>ium1 ,calid>ium1 & ,laconicum4 ,! nature ( ^! ap>tm5ts--:i* ,i %all h]e9aft] consid] 9 detail--mu/ be det]m9$ by ! pret5sions ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,p]spiration hav+ be5 induc$1 ! ba!r submits to ! knead+ ( ! muscles ( ! trunk & limbs by ! %ampoo]4 ,= ?is op]ation1 :i* re/ores tone & vig\r to ! muscul> & n]v\s sy/em1 a sep>ate & di/9ct ap>tm5t %\ld1 9 high class ba?s1 be provid$4 ,vigor\s friction ) a co>se glove succe$s ! %ampoo+4 ,?is deta*es ! dead portions ( ! epid]mis1 & is an op]ation g5]ally practis$ 9 ! ,lavatorium--a wa%+ room adjo9+ ! %ampoo+ room4 ,9 ! same place ! ba!r receives copi\s ablutions ) w>m wat]4 ,! less robu/ conclude ! cleans+ process ) a d\*e1 ne$le1 spray1 or %[] ba?1 graduat$ f w>m to cold2 & ! /rong ba!r1 by plung+ into a ba? ( cold wat]1 ! object ( :i* is to contract & close ! sweat-gl&s & pores ( ! sk9 t h be5 swell$ & op5$ by ! high temp]atures ( ! calorific ap>tm5ts4 ,= ^! purposes a small room1 ) ! v>i\s appliances nam$1 & a l>ge *amb] conta9+ a m or less ample plunge ba?1 mu/ be provid$4 ,9 small ba?s1 provision = bo? ^! op]ations is made 9 "o g5]al %ampoo+ & wa%+ room1 :]e ! ba!r is mass$1 rubb$ d[n1 wa%$1 & takes ! plunge or %[] ba?4 ,! plunge may1 if ?\ght advantage\s1 be plac$ p>tly 9 ! cool ap>tm5t & p>tly 9 ! hot rooms1 9 :i* case1 ! ba!r dives "u a glaz$ p>tition ( "s sort1 :i*1 furni%$ ) an india-rubb] flap dangl+ 9 ! wat]1 prev5ts ! hot air ( ! sudatorium f ent]+ ! cool+ rooms4 ,! above description gives an outl9e ( ! cleans+ & hygi5ic processes1 & ( ! nature ( ! requirem5ts ( ^? portions ( ! ba? devot$ to _! atta9m5t4 ,i h nam$ !m fir/ z be+ ! mo/ indisp5sable portion ( ! necess>y suite ( rooms1 s9ce ! ba? may exi/ if x be m]ely 9 ! =m ( an old ,iri% sweat+-h\se1 or a some:at simil> con/ruction ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian2 b )\t ! heat$ *amb] & its appurt5ances !re c be no ba?4 ,! next important features to be consid]$ are ! dress+ & cool+ rooms4 ,be=e ent]+ ! ba? rooms prop]1 ! ba!r mu/ dive/ himself ( 8 clo?+1 & assume ! ba?+ g>m5t4 ,! dress+ room or ,apodyt]ium1 & ! cool+ room or ,frigid>ium1 are g5]ally made "o & ! same2 b !y may1 ) advantage1 be design$ z sep>ate & di/9ct ap>tm5ts1 ! provision = dress+ & undress+ consi/+ ( a room or rooms ) small dress+-boxes ar\nd x4 ,! frigid>ium w !n be a simple ap>tm5t design$ = ! economical reception ( ! repos+ c\*es1 x be+ absolutely ess5tial t ! ba!r re/ a:ile1 aft] ! ba?1 to all[ ! body to gradually assume its normal temp]ature4 ,neglect ( ?is precaution may cause a r5ewal ( p]spiration1 & possibly a cold4 ,if a comb9$ apodyt]ium & frigid>ium be adopt$1 x mu/ be fitt$ ) a numb] ( divans to accommodate a giv5 numb] ( p]sons1 or be divid$ into small] spaces ) dw>f scre5s1 ea* space receiv+ a pair ( c\*es4 ,! divisions may be effect$ by m or less elaborate & ornam5tal wood5 p>titions4 ,9 ladies' ba?s m privacy mu/ be obs]v$4 ,ea* lady ba!r %\ld h a private dress+ & repos+ room1 ev5 if only =m$ by dw>f wood5 p>titions4 ,an arrangem5t may be design$ :]eby ! ba!r ent]s fir/ a room fitt$ ) a numb] ( dress+-boxes1 & !n passes ?r\gh ! frigid>ium on 8 way to ! hot rooms1 :5ce he returns aft] 8 ba?4 ,:]e ! e/abli%m5t is on a l>ge scale1 ! arrangem5t may lead ! ba!r fir/ to a room fitt$ ) dress+-boxes1 !n to ! hot rooms1 & f9ally1 by way ( ! plunge ba?1 into a commodi\s & sep>ate cool+ room4 ,subsidi>y to ! cool+ & dress+ rooms %\ld be o!rs = ! att5dants1 manag]1 & also = ! hairdress] & *iropodi/1 or1 at any rate1 "s sort ( provision made = !m4 ,a pay (fice1 ) c\nt] & a set ( lock]s = ! receipt ( ! ba!r's wat*1 money1 & o!r valuables1 %\ld be ! fir/ object t "o meets on ent]+ f ! ve/ibule connect+ ! e/abli%m5t ) ! /reet4 ,9 connection ) ?is (fice may be ! manag]'s room1 & provision = ! supply ( refre%m5ts4 ,if ! ba? be ! prop]ty ( a company1 a bo>d room may be requir$4 ,z on ent]+ a ba? ! visitor mu/ imm$iately dive/ himself ( 8 boots & %oes1 9 ord] t he may n pollute ap>tm5ts t are devot$ to ! atta9m5t ( t cleanl9ess :i* is next to godl9ess1 a rais$ /ep mu/ be provid$ at ! entrance to ! apodyt]ium to w>n him to ent] un%od1 or a portion ( ! comb9$ cool+ & dress+ room may be divid$ (f by simil> means4 ,provision = ! boots & %oes mu/ be 9 ! =m ( a set ( pigeon-holes ne> ! entrance1 :]e1 also1 racks = coats & hats mu/ be plac$4 ,! hair-dress+ room & accommodation = ! *iropodi/--if he does n practise 8 art at ! c\* ( ! ba!r--mu/ adjo9 ! frigid>ium1 z also %\ld ! att5dants' room4 ,a lavatory mu/ be plac$ 9 ! frigid>ium :5 us$ z ! dress+ room4 ,closet accommodation %\ld be accessible f ! same ap>tm5t1 b %\ld be p]fectly cut (f f x by means ( a passage or lobby4 ,! greate/ c>e %\ld be tak5 to prev5t ^! conv5i5ces f becom+ (f5sive4 ,return+ f ! ba?1 ! s5se ( smell is peculi>ly s5sitive1 & ! slighte/ od\r is detect$4 ,! wor/ position = ! closets is ne> ! door by :i* ! ba!r leaves ! lavatorium4 ,defects 9 ?is po9t may ru9 an o!rwise excell5t ba?4 ,if ! cool+ rooms & hot rooms be on sep>ate floors1 ! closets may be design$ (f a l&+ on ! /aircase4 ,9 ! sep>ate accommodation = att5dants & %ampoo]s ! same caution mu/ be obs]v$4 ,adjo9+1 "u1 or p>tly "u1 ! laconicum mu/ be plac$ ! heat+ app>atus 9 its *amb]1 ) /ok]y & provision = fuel1 c4 ,! /ok]y %\ld be l>ge1 light1 & prop]ly v5tilat$1 & ! att5dants %\ld be able easily to communicate ) ! /ok]4 ,( ! arrangem5ts = heat+ & supply+ ! wat] to ! lavatorium ,i %all speak 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,laundry1 l95 & t[el rooms1 & a dry+ room mu/ be provid$4 ,!y are important necessities1 & %\ld n be cramp$ 9 dim5sions4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,g5]al ,,disposition ,,( ,,plan ,,( ,,public ,,ba?s4 ,al?\gh ! process ( ! ba? det]m9es ! position ( ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts 9 relation to "o ano!r1 ! exact disposition ( ! plan mu/ be gov]n$ by ! %ape ( ! gr\nd to be cov]$1 ! nature ( ! site & surr\nd+s1 &--if ! ba? be con/ruct$ 9 an exi/+ build+--! am\nt ( space allott$ to x4 ,! relative position ( *amb] to *amb] ( ! sudatorium1 & ( ! latt] to ! cool+ rooms1 mu/ rema9 m or less con/ant2 b ! angle ( connection ) ea* o!r1 _! %ape1 proportions1 & floor levels1 mu/1 toge!r ) ! positions ( ! subsidi>y ap>tm5ts1 be det]m9$ by ! exig5cies ( ! site1 & consid]ations ( conv5i5ce & economy4 ,frequ5tly1 ! ar*itect w be call$ ^u to design a ba? 9 a giv5 space 9 ! l[] floors ( "s exi/+ build+4 ,he may be giv5 ! gr\nd or basem5t floor to make ! mo/ ( z be/ he c4 ,8 plan is ?us consid]ably hamp]$4 ,if ! site includes ! basem5t & gr\nd floor ( an ord9>y h\se1 he may arrange ! (fices & cool+ & dress+ rooms on ! gr\nd floor2 & ! hot rooms1 %ampoo+ room1 & ba? rooms1 9 ! basem5t4 ,:]e possible1 ! hot rooms %\ld be pu%$ out beyond ! back wall ( ! h\ses1 & light$ f ! top4 ,9 cities1 ! hot rooms w (t5 h to be 9 ! actual basem5t4 ,:]e space is valuable a :ole h\se may be giv5 up to ba?s if ! floors be made fire & heat pro(4 ,! basem5t may be devot$ to hot rooms & %ampoo+ rooms1 ! gr\nd floor to (fices & dress+ rooms1 & ! fir/ floor to cool+ rooms4 ,ladies' ba?s1 aga91 c be arrang$ on ! floors above1 & bo? ba?s c be heat$ f "o app>atus4 ,9 a ba? :]e ?ree floors are available1 ! fir/ floor may be devot$ to extra cool+ & dress+ rooms4 ,9 inexp5sive sites ! ba? may be all on "o level4 ,?is is ! mo/ conv5i5t arrangem5t1 b 9 l>ge cities is g5]ally too co/ly4 ,! ,hammam & ,savoy ba?s1 9 ,london1 are1 h[ev]1 all on "o level1 ! =m] be+ practically all above gr\nd1 & ! latt] con/ruct$ 9 ! basem5t ( an exi/+ build+4 ,! ,london ,hammam 0 ! fir/ public ,turki% ba? erect$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & owes its exi/5ce to ! f]vid zeal ( ! late ,david ,urquh>t4 ,x 0 erect$ 9 #ahfb1 f ! designs ( ! late ,som]s ,cl>ke4 ,! ba? rooms prop] are modell$ on ! ,ea/]n plan1 & h q an ,ori5tal effect1 ) ! />s ( /a9$ glass sp>kl+ 9 ! sombre dom$ tepid>ium4 ,9 ?is ba? ! (fice is arrang$ 9 ! old build+ 9 ,j]myn ,/reet1 adjo9+ :i* is ! comb9$ frigid>ium & apodyt]ium1 a /ructure ( wood1 orig9ally int5d$ z a tempor>y build+ only4 ,?is is cov]$ ) an op5-timb]$ ro(1 & divid$ into nave & aisles by cut-wood po/s1 & light$ by a cl]e/ory4 ,^! po/s =m ! divisions ( ! divans1 :i* are sep>at$ f "o ano!r by ornam5t$ wood p>titions work$ 9 an ,ea/]n mann]4 ,connect$ by d\ble doors ) ?is ap>tm5t are ! hot rooms4 ,! ma9 room--a v mod]ately-heat$ tepid>ium--is a squ>e on plan1 ) splay$ angles1 ov] :i* rises a dome ( brickwork4 ,on ei!r side ( ?is squ>e1 & connect$ ) x by ! horse%oe ar*es support+ ! dome1 are transept-l ap>tm5ts1 us$ z portions ( ! tepid>ium1 simil> adjuncts exi/+ at ! ends & jo9+ on ! "o h& ! frigid>ium1 & on ! o!r a heat$ smok+ saloon1 :i* occupies a position correspond+ to t ( a ,lady-*apel 9 ?is v ecclesia/ical-look+ plan4 ,on ei!r side ( ?is saloon are two calid>ia4 ,a dry+ room & laundry are arrang$ ov] ! smok+ saloon1 & w4c4's1 c41 are plac$ at ! end ( ! latt] ap>tm5t4 ,9 ! splay$ angles support+ ! dome are doors lead+ to f\r ap>tm5ts--two us$ z hot rooms ( diff]5t temp]atures1 & ! o!rs z a wa%+-room & a %ampoo]'s wait+ room4 ,"u ! dome !re is an ext5sive plat=m ( m>ble slabs1 b5ea? :i* is ! d\*e room1 rea*$ by a %ort flight ( /eps4 ,! plunge ba? is plac$1 p>tly 9 ! tepid>ium1 & p>tly 9 ! frigid>ium1 ) an arrangem5t to prev5t ! transmission ( ! hot air1 su* z ,i h h]e9 be=e expla9$4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! frigid>ium is a little m>ble f\nta94 ,"o ( ! divans is p>tition$ (f = ! accommodation ( ! *iropodi/4 ,a gall]y is provid$ = ! hairdress]1 & connect$ ) a %op 9 ,j]myn ,/reet4 ,! gr\nd slop+ consid]ably1 a desc5t ( a few /eps has to be made to rea* ! frigid>ium f ! /reet4 ,a refre%m5t b> is plac$ 9 ! frigid>ium4 ,! manag]'s room is on ! second floor1 adjo9+ ! old build+1 & has a w9d[ ov]look+ ! frigid>ium4 ,! ,hammam 0 ! fir/ public ,turki% ba? erect$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ! ,savoy 7,fig4 #a7 is "o ( ! late/ & l>ge/1 & also on "o level4 ,x 0 design$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,j4 ,phipps1 ,f4,s4,a41 to suit ! basem5t ( an exi/+ build+4 ,ent]+ f ,savoy ,hill1 a %ort passage conducts to a /aircase lead+ to ! ve/ibule1 :]e are provid$ rails = hats & coats4 ,! c\nt] ( ! ticket-(fice is plac$ at ! entrance to ! frigid>ium1 & ne> ?is (fice is ! committee room--! ba? be+ ! prop]ty ( a private company4 ,9 vaults project+ "u ! /reet1 provision is made = an eng9e & dynamo4 ,! frigid>ium s]ves also z ! apodyt]ium1 & is cut up into divans by ornam5tal wood p>titions4 ,connect$ ) x is a saloon = ! hairdress] & *iropodi/1 & an att5dants' room4 ,a lavatory is provid$ 9 a recess4 ,access is ga9$ to ! hot rooms ?r\gh d\ble doors4 ,! plunge ba? is plac$ p>tly 9 ! hot rooms & p>tly 9 ! frigid>ium4 ,! tepid>ium is divid$ by arcades into m9iature nave & aisles4 ,two subdivisions at ! end ( ! tepid>ium lead to ! calid>ium1 adjo9+ :i* is ! heat+ app>atus1 fitt$ ) two ( ,messrs4 ,con/ant9e's ,convolut$ /oves4 ,access to ! /ok]y is ga9$ by a passage at ! end ( ! tepid>ium4 ,! %ampoo+ room is plac$ (f ! cool] end ( ! tepid>ium1 dw>f walls sep>at+ x f ! latt] ap>tm5t1 z also f ! lavatorium4 ,"h1 !re are six m>ble bas9s1 correspond+ ) ! six m>ble slabs 9 ! %ampoo+ room4 ,a small *amb] is scre5$ (f ! lavatorium to accommodate ! d\*e & spray4 ,a passage leads f ! d\*e room to ! att5dants' room1 by way ( ! laundry4 ,(f ?is passage1 & approa*$ by doors f two ( ! divans1 are ! w4c4's1 c41 = ! ba!rs' use4 ,provision = ! supply ( refre%m5ts is made at ! back ( ! (fice4 ,?is ba? is design$ 9 an ,ea/]n /yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 --,,plan-,,( ,,!-,,savoy-,,turki%-,,ba?s-- ,turki% ,ba?s1 ,savoy ,hill1 ,london4 ,9 ! g5]ality ( mod]n ba?s1 ! frigid>ium =ms also ! apodyt]ium4 ,?is arrangem5t is economical ( space1 & has be5 f\nd1 9 practice1 ! mo/ conv5i5t = ba!rs2 b !re is mu* to be said 9 fav\r ( a sep>ate & di/9ct cool+ room1 su* z t at ! ,camd5 ,t[n ,turki% ,ba?s4 ,erect$ f ! designs ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,bridgman1 ,f4,r4,i4,b4,a41 ^! ba?s are specially notewor?y = _! spaci\s frigid>ium & ample plunge ba?4 ,ent]+ f ! /reet1 a corridor conducts to a %ort flight ( /airs lead+ to ! (fice4 ,adjo9+ ?is is an apodyt]ium1 fitt$ ) two ranges ( dress+-boxes1 "o above ! o!r1 a gall]y =m+ ! floor ( ! upp] ti]4 ,f h5ce a %ort /aircase leads to ! door ( ! tepid>ium1 at "r angles to :i* is ! calid>ium4 ,adjo9+ ! tepid>ium is a comb9$ %ampoo+ & wa%+ room1 a door 9 :i* op5s into a *amb] conta9+ a plunge ba? ( q exceptional dim5sions4 ,a /aircase leads to ! door ( ! l(ty & spaci\s cool+ room4 ,?is is light$ f ! top1 & conta9s a fireplace1 a feature usually omitt$ 9 cool+ rooms1 & really sup]flu\s1 ?\gh add+ greatly to *e]fulness ( aspect 9 ! w9t]4 ,f ?is frigid>ium ! ba!r c return to 8 dress+-box by way ( a lobby4 ,?us he makes a complete r\nd1 & does n meet ! incom+ ba!rs on ! /aircase to ! tepid>ium4 ,! late/ built elaborate comm]cial ba?s 9 ,london are ^? ( ,messrs4 ,nevill 9 ,nor?umb]l& ,av5ue 7,fig4 #b74 ,!y 7 design$ by ,mr4 ,rob]t ,walk]1 ,f4,r4,i4,b4,a41 & comprise bo? ladies' & g5tlem5's ba?s1 ?\gh1 z at ! old ,pompeian ,balne1 ! =m] set are ungallantly cramp$ into a v small space4 ,!y occupy a corn] site1 & ! entrance to ! g5tlem5's ba? is =m$ at ! r\nd$ angle4 ,9 ! ve/ibule is ! usual ca%i]'s (fice1 & provision = hats & coats4 ,f ! ve/ibule ! comb9$ cool+ & dress+ room is ent]$1 aft] pass+ ! boot room on ! left & ! refre%m5t b> on ! "r4 ,betwe5 ! boot room & ! /aircase is ! hairdress]'s room4 ,dw>f wood5 p>titions divide ! cool+ room4 ,(f a l&+ on ! /aircase are a lavatory & w4c4's & toilet-table4 ,! /aircase leads to ! fir/ floor--:]e are provid$ extra c\*es--& to ! ba? rooms 9 ! basem5t4 ,! fir/ floor is practically a gall]y4 ,9 ! basem5t are ?ree hot rooms1 ! tepid>ium be+ an elegant ap>tm5t elaborately adorn$ ) m>bles & ri* faence4 ,a heat$ smok+ room adjo9s ! second hot room4 ,!re are 9 ?is ba? ?ree %ampoo+ rooms--an arrangem5t conduc+ greatly to privacy4 ,a d\*e room & plunge ba? are provid$ 9 ! angle ( ! build+4 ,vaults "u ! /reet are utilis$ z a laundry1 att5dants' room1 met] room1 & eng9e]'s %op1 & z /ore-rooms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,turki% ,ba?s1 ,nor?umb]l& ,av5ue1 ,*>+ ,cross4 ,! ladies' ba?s p>tly adjo9 ! g5tlem5's1 & are p>tly sep>at$ by an area4 ,!y are ent]$ f ! side /reet4 ,on ! gr\nd floor is ! pay-(fice & cool+ room4 ,additional c\*es are provid$ on ! fir/ floor1 :]e is also an att5dants' room4 ,9 ! basem5t are ?ree hot rooms & two %ampoo+ rooms4 ,a wa%+ room1 %[] ba?1 & plunge ba? adjo9 ! %ampoo+ rooms4 ,! hotte/ rooms ( bo? sets ( ^! ba?s are )9 a few feet ( ea* o!r4 ,ea*1 h[ev]1 has its sep>ate & di/9ct furnace4 ,a passage =m$ by ! area all[s access to ! /ok]y & furnace *amb]s4 ,9 ,messrs4 ,nevill's ba?s at ,london ,bridge ! cool+ rooms1 c41 are 9 ! basem5t1 & ! ba? rooms prop] 9 a sub-basem5t4 ,b>?olomew's ba?s at ,leice/] ,squ>e are an excell5t example ( a compactly-arrang$ d\ble set ( ba?s4 ,! v>i\s ap>tm5ts are design$ "o above ! o!r on diff]5t floors1 ! area ( ! build+ be+ limit$4 ,on ! gr\nd floor1 z usual1 are ! pay (fice & a comb9$ cool+ & dress+ room1 & an att5dant's room4 ,9 ! basem5t are ! ba? rooms1 arrang$ en suite--fir/ a %ampoo+ & wa%+ room1 conta9+1 also1 9 a v compact mann]1 ! plunge & %[] ba?s2 next is ! tepid>ium2 !n ! small] second hot room2 &1 la/ly1 ! smalle/ hot room ( a v high temp]ature4 ,! heat+ *amb] is plac$ adjo9+ ?is4 ,! pr9ciple ( its con/ruction is t g5]ally adopt$ 9 ! ba?s erect$ "u ! late ,mr4 ,b>?olomew's direction1 viz4 a furnace ) a coil ( ?9 iron flue-pipes1 radiat+1 9 a measure1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( heat directly into ! hot rooms4 ,! ba? rooms are divid$ f "o ano!r by glaz$ wood p>titions1 z di/9ct f ! solid walls divid+ ba?s l ! ,hammam & ,savoy4 ,a consid]ation ( ^! two me?ods ( divid+ ! hot rooms1 does n1 h[ev]1 conc]n u "h4 ,a /aircase f ! entrance ve/ibule leads to ! ladies' ba?s on ! second & ?ird floors1 :]e also are manag]'s & o!r private rooms4 ,broadly speak+1 ba?s may be divid$ into two classes1 viz4 ^? 9 :i* ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts are arrang$ en suite1 & ^? irregul>ly plann$4 ,:]e possible ! =m] arrangem5t is pref]able1 z1 ) ! hot rooms 9 a l9e1 ! circulation ( air is facilitat$4 ,fig4 #aa is a section ( a set ( hot rooms arrang$ en suite2 & ! ba?s at ,figs4 #bd & #be1 9 ,*apt] ,,viii41 are plann$ on ?is pr9ciple4 ,z ,i h said above1 :]e a basem5t & gr\nd floor are available1 & a little space c be ga9$ at ! back ( ! exi/+ build+1 ! (fice1 cool+ & dress+ rooms c be arrang$ on ! gr\nd floor1 & ! ba? rooms prop] on ! basem5t level1 b ) light & air above4 ,if ! site be an ord9>y n>r[-front$ t[n h\se1 & ! ba? an unassum+ "o1 ! plan may be arrang$ aft] ! mann] ( ,mr4 ,joseph ,burton's ba?s 7,fig4 #c71 9 ! ,eu/on ,road1 ,london4 ,"h a pair ( ord9>y t[n dwell+-h\ses are press$ into ! s]vice ( ! ba?4 ,! basem5t & gr\nd floors are devot$ to ! ba?s1 ! upp] floors =m+ a private hotel4 ,on "o side are ! g5tlem5's1 & on ! o!r1 ! ladies' ba?s4 ,ent]+ ! =m]1 we f9d a space on ! gr\nd floor1 front+ ! /reet1 s]v+ z an (fice4 ,adjo9+ ?is is a range ( dress+-boxes1 & fur!r on a cool+ room1 excell5tly light$ by a l>ge w9d[ =m+ ! :ole end ( ! ap>tm5t4 ,f ?is little frigid>ium a m>ble /aircase leads to ! door ( ! tepid>ium1 =m$ at basem5t level at ! back ( ! h\ses4 ,?is *amb] is light$ by means ( a ceil+-light con/ruct$ 9 ! =m ( a small1 flat dome1 ) /a9$-glass />s set !re94 ,a m>ble seat runs r\nd ! :ole ( ?is *amb]4 ,on "o side ( ! /aircase is plac$ ! calid>ium1 &1 on ! o!r1 ! comb9$ %ampoo+ room & lavatorium1 a door f ! latt] =m+ an exit = ! visitor :o has complet$ 8 ba?4 ,at "o end ( ! %ampoo+ room is a *amb] conta9+ ! cold plunge ba? & ne$le ba?4 ,a door f h5ce leads to a /aircase conduct+ to ! furnace-*amb]4 ,a laundry is provid$ at ! head ( ^! /airs4 ,! furnace-*amb] is plac$ "u ! fur!r end ( ! calid>ium4 ,! ba?s = ladies are arrang$ on a v simil> plan4 ,! g5tlem5's ba?s are among ! e>lie/ erect$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & /ill =m a mo/ compact & conv5i5t in/itution4 ,!y 7 design$ by ,mr4 ,james ,s*(ield4 ,! illu/ration %[s ! ladies' ba?s4 ,! ceil+s ( ! hot rooms are n indicat$ on ! section4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,turki% ,ba?s1 ,eu/on ,road1 ,london4 ,! :ole ( ! ba?s m5tion$ 9 ?is *apt] are ! prop]ty ( private individuals or companies4 ,! numb] ( ba?s provid$ 9 ?is c\ntry "u ,act ( ,p>liam5t or by civic corporations is s small1 & _! size & design s insignificant1 t x w\ld be wa/e ( space to describe !m "h4 ,!y are unwor?y ( ! nation4 ,"o ( ! be/ is ! pretty little ba? provid$ on ! fir/ floor ( ! public ba?-h\se rec5tly erect$ by ! ,corporation ( ,/ockport4 ,! f9e new ba?s at ,ba? erect$ f designs by ,major ,davis1 ! city ar*itect1 d n include a ,turki% ba?4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t "s slight increase 9 ! am\nt ( att5tion paid by corporate bodies to ba?-build+ is latt]ly to be notic$1 & a few ye>s may possibly see a great advance 9 ?is direction4 ,t ?is may inde$ be s %\ld be our s9c]e hope1 s9ce ! lack ( f9e public ba?s is a /&+ disgrace to a nation t prides itself ^u its cleanl9ess4 ,9 ,g]many1 consid]able att5tion has be5 be/[$ ^u ! design ( ! ,turki% ba?1 _m excell5t ba?s hav+ be5 built 9 ! m complete ba?-h\ses ( ! ,empire4 ,well-arrang$ ,turki% ba?s are to be f\nd 9 ! ba?s at ,nuremb]g1 ,hanov]1 & ,brem51 ! latt] plann$ ) bo? a fir/ & second class frigid>ium to ! "o set ( ba? rooms4 ,! plan1 h[ev]1 has no?+ to recomm5d x1 & 9 ?is c\ntry w\ld be useless4 ,! ,nuremb]g ba? is h&somely plann$1 & has a spaci\s frigid>ium4 ,x is plac$ 9 a build+ compris+ ladies' & g5tlem5's swimm+ ba?s1 %all[ ba?s1 & a ,russian ba?4 ,9 _m ( ! hydropa?ic e/abli%m5ts 7,kurbd]7 ( ,g]many1 w be f\nd excell5t ,turki% ba?s4 ,a sumptu\s d\ble set ( ba? rooms is provid$ 9 ! ,fri$ri*sbad 9 ,bad5-,bad51 :i* 0 erect$ at a co/ ( ab\t #ajj1jjjl4 ,! ,turki% ba?s are plac$ on ! gr\nd floor1 & 9 o!r floors are provid$ ba?s ( e k9d4 ,ea* set ( rooms = ! ladies' & g5tlem5's ,turki% ba?s comprises undress+ room & cool+ room1 two sudorific *amb]s1 %ampoo+ room1 d\*e room ) cold plunge ba?1 & a sep>ate *amb] ) w>m plunge4 ,adjo9+ ! %ampoo+ room are ! w>m & hot rooms ( ! ,russian ba?4 ,betwe5 ! two sets ( ba? rooms is plac$ a h&some circul> swimm+-ba?1 & adjo9+1 ! ,wildbad--a deep1 full ba? ( w>m m9]al wat]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ elaborate ,turki% ba?s erect$1 9 mod]n times1 is t on ! ,prat]/]n1 at ,vi5na1 :i* co/1 9 r\nd numb]s1 #abe1jjjl4 ,! build+ comprises ladies' & g5tlem5's ,turki% & ,russian ba?s1 & includes a resid5tial block = ^? tak+ a c\rse ( ba?s4 ,! :ole ( ! arrangem5ts are on a mo/ sumptu\s scale4 ,! cool+ room ( ! g5tlem5's ba?s measures no less ?an #ce4c metres long1 & #aj4e broad4 ,!re are bo? w>m & cold plunge ba?s1 besides a f9e circul> pisc9a1 9 a circul> dom$ *amb]4 ,simil> provisions are made = ! ladies on a small] scale4 ,?\gh pla9 & some:at heavy 9 ext]nal design1 ! build+ int]nally is respl5d5t ) tiles1 m>ble1 & ornam5tal woodwork4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,a ,,detail$ ,,consid]ation ,,( ,,features ,,peculi> ,,to ,,! ,,ba?4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to say any?+ m z to ! subsidi>y ap>tm5ts ( a ,turki% ba?4 ,su* adjuncts z ! entrance hall & ve/ibule1 ! pay (fice1 refre%m5t dep>tm5t1 laundry & dry+-rooms1 hairdress+ & att5dants' rooms1 & o!r m9or provisions1 are obvi\sly simple matt]s1 requir+ little or no detail$ explanation4 ,suffici5t has already be5 said ab\t !m to enable ! ar*itect1 assi/$ by ! draw+s giv51 to design !m ) conv5i5ce & economy4 ,! features peculi> to ! ba? are ^? requir+ c>eful consid]ation4 ,x is ^u ! design ( ! hot rooms1 ! cool+ rooms1 & ! wa%+ rooms t ! success or non-success ( a new ba?+ e/abli%m5t dep5ds1 & too mu* /udy _c be giv5 to ^! ap>tm5ts4 ,,! ,,sudorific ,,*amb]s4 ,^! are n[ g5]ally requir$ 9 a suite ( ?ree--fir/1 second1 & ?ird hot4 ,! fir/ is ! tepid>ium1 & mu/ be by f> ! l>ge/ ( ! ?ree1 s9ce 9 x ! great] numb] ( ba!rs w assemble at "o "t4 ,! la/ mu/ be ! hotte/ room--! laconicum--& ne$ only be a v small "o1 z b few ba!rs use x1 & t1 g5]ally1 = a v %ort "t4 ,! second hot room %\ld be ab\t midway1 9 size & temp]ature1 betwe5 ! fir/ & ! ?ird4 ,( a giv5 area allott$ to ! hot rooms1 f "o-half to two-?irds may be devot$ to ! tepid>ium1 & f "o-?ird to "o-half to ! sup]-heat$ rooms1 always rememb]+ t x is well to err on ! side ( provid+ a l>ge & roomy tepid>ium4 ,( ! space all[$ = ! small] rooms1 "o-qu>t] to "o-?ird may be giv5 to ! hotte/1 & ! rema9+ space to ! second hot-room1 or calid>ium4 ,! hot rooms1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 are /rictly ba? rooms1 & mu/ be treat$ z su*2 t is to say1 ! :ole ( ! floors1 walls1 ceil+s1 p>titions1 & fitt+s1 mu/ be capable ( be+ frequ5tly cleans$ ) wat]4 ,! *oice ( mat]ials to be employ$ = l9+ ! walls1 c41 is !re=e limit$4 ,& 9 two ways4 ,= n only mu/ !y be ( ?is wa%able nature1 b !y mu/ be ( a "* to resi/ ! influ5ce ( ! heat4 ,happily1 ?is is an age ( glaz$-w>e & vitrifi$ goods ( e description4 ,glaz$ & fire-burnt bricks & tiles1 t]racottas1 faence1 & pott]y g5]ally1 are n[ s ext5sively manufactur$ t !re is little excuse = n con/ruct+ a ba? ?r\gh\t ( mat]ials at once wa%able & unaffect$ by high temp]atures4 ,/ill1 9 ba?s :]e rigid economy mu/ be /udi$1 & l[ness ( co/ is ! great object1 pla/] may be plac$ ^u ! walls ( ! hot rooms1 & 9 its way w answ] admirably1 & be fairly wa%able4 ,x has ev5 "o advantage--x does n become unbe>ably hot to ! t\*1 %\ld ! ba!r lean aga9/ ! walls1 :]eas1 ) a highly glaz$ surface ! walls become burn+ hot1 & ne$ l9+ ) a dado ( felt or o!r non-conduct+ sub/ance4 ,& s9ce ?is latt] me?od ov]comes ! objection nam$1 ! be/ possible mat]ial = l9+ ! walls is glaz$ brickwork4 ,9 cases :]e elaboration is desir$1 !y may be l9$ ) m>bles & faence4 ,) a judici\s selection ( col\rs1 h[ev]1 a v pleas+ appe>ance c be giv5 by ! employm5t ( simple glaz$ brickwork1 & at a v mod]ate co/4 ,! floor+ 9 *eap ba?s is admirably =m$ by simple unglaz$ tile pavem5t ov] concrete4 ,a slight r\ghness is v agreeable to ! feet4 ,glaz$ tiles are inadmissible1 z !y become too hot = ! nak$ feet2 & if ! slighte/ moi/ure come ^u !m !y are r5d]$ dang]\sly slipp]y4 ,9 elaborate ba?s1 m>ble1 & m>ble mosaics may be us$1 b ! surface mu/ n be too smoo?4 ,9 provid+ floor+s1 ! greate/ c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid any?+ liable to become slipp]y to ! tread4 ,floors ( ord9>y-siz$ ba?s1 :]e ! soil is reliable1 may be ( #f 94 ( concrete1 ) mosaics or tiles laid 9 cem5t4 ,! b5*es = recl9+ & %ampoo+ mu/ be built up f ?is ) half-brick ris]s & glaz$ fronts1 hav+ wea!r$ m>ble slabs ) r\nd$ nos+s1 z illu/rat$ at ,fig4 #c4 ,! ceil+s ( ! fire & heat-pro( floors1 :i*1 :5 !re are o!r ap>tm5ts above1 mu/ be provid$ ov] ! hot rooms1 may be ( pla/]4 ,b ! heat at ! ceil+ level is v great1 & ! pla/] "h rapidly d>k5s & black5s1 & 9 ?is /ate looks any?+ b attractive 9 a place :]e ! m]e suspicion ( uncleanl9ess is nauseat+4 ,if employ$ 7& ?is rem>k also applies to pla/] on walls71 x %\ld be us$ 9 ! simple/ mann] possible1 )\t ! slighte/ attempt at modell+ ! surface4 ,enamell$ iron may be us$1 ) effect1 = ceil+s4 ,! little laconicum is be/ cov]$ ) a flat vault1 ! s(fit be+ ( glaz$ bricks1 & ! spr++ be+ br\ght d[n bel[ ! ma9 ceil+ level4 ,fire-pro( floors ov] hot rooms may be ( any design t is also heat-pro(4 ,! ma9 po9t is to h a suffici5t ?ickness ( concrete1 & ! iron joi/s & cross gird]s well buri$ !re94 ,ord9>y floors may be r5d]$ heat-pro( by p>tially fill+ ! space betwe5 ceil+ & floorbo>ds ) sawdu/ or %eets ( slag-wool laid on bo>d+ nail$ to fillets on ! joi/s4 ,! sawdu/ %\ld be fill$ up to ! top ( ! joi/s2 ov] ?is a lay] ( ?ick felt1 & ! bo>d+ above4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only a make%ift :5 comp>$ ) a solid floor ( concrete4 ,:5 ! hot rooms are 9 a basem5t 9 ! op51 !y may be top-light$1 & ! ceil+ above ne$ n be a heavy fire-pro( con/ruction4 ,a suffici5t air space1 h[ev]1 mu/ be provid$ betwe5 ! ceil+ & ro(1 to prev5t irradiation ( heat--a rem>k t applies also to any?+ 9 ! %ape ( a w9d[ 9 ! sudatorium4 ,x mu/ be d\ble1 or look into an area cov]$ ) pavem5t lights4 ,9 ! case ( a top-light$ room !re mu/ be a ceil+-light & a skylight4 ,:]e ! hot rooms are con/ruct$ q above gr\nd1 consid]ation mu/ be giv5 to ! prev5tion ( loss ( heat by radiation4 ,?is may be effect$ by provid+ ?ick holl[ walls1 ! cavity be+ (t5 usefully employ$ = ! extraction ( ! vitiat$ air4 ,heat p]meat+ o!r ap>tm5ts & neighb\r+ premises is a frequ5t s\rce ( tr\ble to ! build] ( a ,turki% ba?1 b is always ! result ( want ( /udy ( ! subject on ! "p ( ! design]4 ,! evil may be successfully combat$ if x be resolv$ t no hot room1 %ampoo+ room1 or lavatorium %all be con/ruct$ )\t a ?ick concrete floor above1 & t ! furnace *amb] be p]fectly & completely insulat$4 ,%\ld ! walls ( ! hot rooms adjo9 ap>tm5ts to :i* x is urg5tly necess>y t ! heat %\ld be prev5t$ f be+ transmitt$1 !y may be r5d]$ heat-pro( by build+ !m holl[ & fill+ ! cavity ) soot4 ,d\ble doors & lobbies mu/ be employ$ to prev5t ! transmission ( ! heat$ air to rooms :]e its pres5ce w\ld be injuri\s4 ,to keep ! hot air ( ! ba?-rooms f ! cool+-rooms1 c41 %\ld be ! great aim ( ! ar*itect4 ,_m ba?s are r5d]$ q repulsive by :at ,i may p]haps t]m ! sudorific smell t assails ! no/rils ( ! visitor ent]+ ! ve/ibule4 ,! space allott$ to ! sudatory *amb]s may be divid$ into ! v>i\s rooms1 ei!r by glaz$ brick walls or by fram$ & glaz$ p>titions2 or aga91 !y may be =m$ by a comb9ation ( solid brickwork & glaz$ woodwork4 ,any pi]s 9 ^! rooms mu/ be ( brickwork1 iron columns be+ inadmissible4 ,masonry1 too1 mu/ be disc>d$ ?r\gh\t1 or us$ ) caution4 ,"s /ones--su* z r$ ,mansfield--become black ) exposure to ! heat1 & o!rs f>e /ill worse4 ,! employm5t ( por\s & absorb5t mat]ials mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/ ?r\gh\t ?is portion ( ! ba?1 z x %\ld be rememb]$ t effete matt]s1 p>ticles ( wa/e tissue1 & possibly ! g]ms ( disease1 are cont9ually be+ giv5 (f by ! p]spir+ ba!rs1 & mu/ be prev5t$ f f9d+ a lodgm5t4 ,! be/ woods = use 9 ! hot rooms are close-gra9$ & free f ess5tial oils4 ,mahogany is excell5tly adapt$ = ! purpose1 & s1 also1 is teak4 ,pit* p9e mu/ be disc>d$ altoge!r4 ,deal1 :5 employ$1 %\ld be p]fectly season$1 & may !n give tr\ble f ! exudation ( turp5t9e4 ,! p>titions1 & ! doorways 9 !m1 mu/ be s plac$ z to gov]n ! fl[ ( hot air4 ,s long z ! ma9 divisions be plann$ ) ?is end 9 view1 ! sep>ate rooms may be divid$ & brok5 up z ! ar*itect may fancy4 ,b ! con/ant fl[ ( ! heat$ air f ! inlet 9 ! hotte/ room t[>ds ! lavatorium mu/ n be int]f]$ ) by recesses1 nooks1 & corn]s1 or any?+ t w\ld cause ! curr5t to /agnate4 ,& "h we may see ! practical advantage possess$ by a ba? :]e ! hot rooms are en suite1 & 9 a l9e ) "o axis4 ,= "h ! air sweeps un9t]rupt$ly ?r\gh ! diff]5t *amb]s )\t eddy+ ar\nd corn]s & /agnat+ 9 recesses f> out ( ! ma9 /ream4 ,! doorways 9 ! p>titions %\ld n be too l(ty4 ,!y %\ld n be hung ) doors1 z any?+ necess>y 9 ?is way w be amply suppli$ by dep5d+ curta9s4 ,glaz+ 9 ! hot rooms requires c>e4 ,! glass w exp& consid]ably ) ! heat1 &1 :at is m1 if ! furnace fire die out rapidly at any "t1 w contract & fracture4 ,?is difficulty1 h[ev]1 is ! result ( bad managem5t1 & does n conc]n ! ar*itect1 unless1 inde$1 x be ! result ( improp] fix+4 ,ev5 mod]ate-siz$ %eets ( glass %\ld be c>efully fix$ 9 *amois lea!r ) screw$ bead+1 putty be+ :olly inadmissible4 ,! %eets ( glass %\ld n be ( too l>ge dim5sions4 ,roll$ glass w be f\nd ! *eape/ 9 ! end1 z inf]ior qualities1 :]e homog5eity ( texture is want+1 w crack & split 9 all directions4 ,lead glaz+ %\ld be altoge!r disc>d$4 ,no provision = dra9+ ! hot rooms is necess>y1 z !y mu/1 :5 9 use1 be kept free f moi/ure4 ,! floor may1 h[ev]1 if ?\ght desirable1 be laid ) an imp]ceptible fall ! way ! wat] w\ld be swept :5 cleans+--viz4 t[>ds ! lavatorium4 ,z ! be/ position = a ba!r to assume 9 ! sudatorium is "o approa*+ to ! horizontal1 a ba? _c be consid]$ complete unless a lib]al numb] ( m>ble-slabb$ b5*es be provid$4 ,^! %\ld run r\nd ! solid walls1 ! ris]s ( ! b5*es be+ =m$ ( brickwork--glaz$1 fac$ ) tiles1 or pla/]$--& :ite m>ble slabs set !reon4 ,^! slabs _c be less ?an #bd 94 wide1 & mu/ be ( ! ord9>y seat height--n l[]4 ,9 ! ris]s mu/ be provid$ a lib]al numb] ( hit-&-miss v5tilator grat+s1 ! vitiat$ air f9d+ its way f ! space b5ea? ! slabs 9 ! way design$1 :i* may be into surr\nd+ areas1 into holl[ walls1 or into a flue or flues runn+ ! :ole height ( ! build+4 ,! air at ! floor l9e & t at ! ceil+ level be+ ( va/ly diff]5t temp]atures1 x foll[s t an arrangem5t might be design$ :]eby ! b5*es might be /epp$ 9 ?ree or f\r r[s1 &1 by asc5d+1 ! ba!r c\ld select any temp]ature he might *oose4 ,su* an arrangem5t 0 (t5 employ$ 9 ! ba?s ( ! anci5t ,romans1 & has be5 tri$ 9 mod]n in/itutions2 b x %\ld be avoid$4 ,! expirations f ! lungs & ! exudations f ! bodies ( ! ba!rs fall1 & x !re=e foll[s t all bel[ ! fir/ ti] w\ld be brea?+ air pollut$ by ^? above !m4 ,! sy/em1 !re=e1 /&s condemn$4 ,z reg>ds height1 ! sudorific *amb]s %\ld n be too l(ty1 or !y _c1 on ! ord9>y hot-air plan1 be heat$ ) due economy4 ,! va/ness ( ! old ,roman tepid>ium w\ld h be5 impracticable "u ?is sy/em2 b ) ! heat radiat+ direct f ! walls & ! floors1 !re 0 no difficulty4 ,x is f> bett] to h a comp>atively l[ *amb] ) a con/ant /ream ( fre%ly-heat$ air pass+ ?r\gh x1 ?an a l(ty "o ) a sluggi% curr5t4 ,f #aj to #ae or #af ft4 may be tak5 z mod]ate extremes ( height 9 a public ba?4 ,! small ?ird hot room w be less l(ty if ! heat+-*amb] be plac$ "u x2 = by rais+ ! floor ( ! laconicum a few feet1 s z to necessitate asc5d+ to x by a few /eps f ! level ( ! tepid>ium1 "o c m economically con/ruct ! furnace *amb]4 ,?is latt]1 :i* ,i h m p>ticul>ly describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ! *apt] on heat+ & v5tilation1 %\ld1 if ! sy/em adopt$ be on ! ord9>y hot-air pr9ciple1 be s plac$ t an abundant supply ( fre% pure cold air c be obta9$ = ! furnace1 :i*1 :5 heat$1 c be deliv]$ into ! hotte/ room above1 n less ?an #e ft4 f ! level ( ! floor ( t *amb]1 &1 also1 :]e a smoke flue ( ample section c be con/ruct$4 ,! heat$ air may be deliv]$ ?r\gh ! grat+s 9 ! walls ( ! laconicum1 or a %aft ( glaz$ brickwork1 ( rectangul> section1 may be con/ruct$ aga9/ ! end wall & cop$ at ! requir$ level--#e ft4 or m above ! floor l9e4 ,%\ld ! exig5cies ( ! site sep>ate ! furnace *amb] f imm$iate connection ) ! hotte/ room1 ! heat$ air mu/ be conduct$ f ! =m] to ! latt] by means ( a l>ge %aft or %afts ( glaz$ brickwork4 ,simil> means may h to be employ$ to br+ ! cold air to ! heat+-*amb]1 & at ! m\? ( ?is %aft "s provision mu/ be made = filt]+ ! air be=e x is br\ght into contact ) ! heat+ surfaces ( ! furnace4 ,horizontal & incl9$ flues = conduct+ hot or cold air may be c>ri$ f po9t to po9t on roll$ iron joi/s hav+ tool$ ,york slabs set !reon1 ! flues be+ con/ruct$ ( #d-a_/b 94 brickwork ) glaz$ face int]nally1 & cov]$ ) tool$ ,york slabs4 ,provision mu/ be made1 9 su* flues1 = effective cleans+1 by means ( iron air-tight doors4 ,,! ,,lavatorium ,,& ,,%ampoo+ ,,room4 ,! lavatorium & %ampoo+ room n[ engage our att5tion4 ,9 elaborate ba?s !y may1 = ! sake ( effect1 be di/9ct ap>tm5ts1 :ile1 :]e /rict economy mu/ be /udi$1 !y may be compris$ 9 "o room2 & :]e1 aga91 space is extremely valuable1 ! plunge ba? & d\*e may be also includ$4 ,if ! fir/ arrangem5t be adopt$1 ! %ampoo+ room mu/ be connect$ ) ! tepid>ium1 & ! lavatorium plac$ next4 ,:]e ! comb9ation ap>tm5t is us$1 x w take ! position ( ! %ampoo+ room4 ,practically1 ! comb9ation arrangem5t is ! be/4 ,x is putt+ ! ba!r to ne$less & undesirable tr\ble to require him to move f "o ap>tm5t to ano!r dur+ ! wa%+ process4 ,! suite ( wa%+ & %ampoo+ rooms may be arrang$ 9 ei!r "o ( ! foll[+ ways1 accord+ to ! pret5sions & requirem5ts ( ! e/abli%m5t3--7#a7 ,a %ampoo+ room1 a lavatorium1 a d\*e room1 & a plunge ba? *amb]2 7#b7 a comb9$ %ampoo+ & wa%+ room1 & a comb9$ d\*e & plunge ba? *amb]2 7#c7 sev]al small comb9$ %ampoo+ & wa%+ rooms1 a d\*e room1 & a plunge ba? *amb]2 7#d7 an ap>tm5t compris+ %ampoo+ slabs1 wa%+ bas9s1 d\*e1 c41 & a plunge ba?4 ,a s+le %ampoo+ room does n pres5t a v complicat$ problem to ! design]4 ,! *ief object to be borne 9 m9d is t ! %ampoo]s require elb[-room1 & _! pati5t 9 a conv5i5t position to all[ ( _! practis+ _! art4 ,z ?is is no light task--if prop]ly p]=m$--x becomes ( urg5t mom5t t ! ap>tm5t %\ld be no less p]fectly v5tilat$ ?an a sudorific *amb]4 ,9 a vitiat$ atmosph]e1 no %ampoo] c "w well = a prolong$ p]iod1 &1 moreov]1 pure air is z necess>y = ! ba!rs :5 9 ^! places1 z :5 !y are 9 ! hot rooms4 ,! %ampoo+ b5*es may be simil> 9 description & size to ^? 9 ! hot rooms4 ,a wid? ( #b ft4 is an ample provision1 s9ce ! %ampoo] c m conv5i5tly "w ) ! ba!r z ne> him z possible4 ,! b5*es may be con/ruct$ 9 a simil> mann] to ^? be=e describ$4 ,!y mu/ be arrang$ on plan s t ! %ampoo] has ample room1 :il/ at ! same "t space is n extravagantly wa/$4 ,! b5*es mu/ be topp$ ) :ite m>ble slabs4 ,!y may run r\nd ! wall1 or be plac$ at "r angles to !m2 or1 aga91 if f\nd m conv5i5t1 !y may be altoge!r isolat$4 ,simil> means ( v5tilat+ ! %ampoo+ & wa%+ rooms z ! hot rooms mu/ be provid$4 ,! vitiat$ air mu/ be extract$ at ! floor level1 z ! temp]ature "h mu/ be ma9ta9$ consid]ably above t ( respir$ air4 ,movable wood5-fram$ m>ble-topp$ b5*es may be sub/itut$ = ^? ( a p]man5t type2 b ! plan has no?+ to recomm5d x except l[ness ( co/4 ,! sep>ate lavatorium ne$ n be s l>ge z its adjo9+ %ampoo+ room1 z "h ! ba!rs w n recl9e1 b sit or /& be=e wa%+-bas9s1 to :i* mu/ be conduct$ ! fl[ pipes ( hot wat]1 & bran*es f ! cold wat] supply pipe4 ,^! bas9s--:i* may be ( glaz$ e>!nw>e if solid m>ble _c be af=d$--%\ld be l>ge & capaci\s4 ,( wat]-fitt+s ,i %all speak "u ! head ( ,appliances4 ,9 a comb9$ %ampoo+ & wa%+ room ! b5*es & bas9s w be requir$ toge!r4 ,! bas9s may be fix$ "u a hole 9 ! m>ble slabs1 or affix$ to ! walls1 z may be conv5i5t4 ,:il/ arrang+ ! position ( ! b5*es ) reg>d to ! room1 & ! bas9s ) reg>d to ! b5*es1 x w be z well to rememb] ! po/ures t ! ba!r assumes :il/ be+ %ampoo$--viz4 #a/1 sitt+2 #bnd1 on ! back2 #crd1 rev]se4 ,! bas9 mu/ be s plac$ ) respect to ! slab t ! %ampoo] may1 )\t alt]+ 8 position1 take wat] f ! bas9 ) 8 h&b[l1 & p\r x ov] ! ba!r4 ,a %ampoo] _c well "w ) less ?an #e ft4 #f 94 betwe5 8 slab & t ( 8 adjo9+ fell[1 :5 ! slabs are at "r angles to ! wall & ! adjo9+ %ampoo] is also work+ 9 ! same space betwe5 ! two b5*es4 ,:]e ! room is long & a r[ ( b5*es are plac$ at "r angles to ! wall1 ! %ampoo]s h ea* _! sep>ate space to "w 94 ,ea* "o c !n manage 9 #d ft41 & ! slabs c be set out #f ft4 f c5tre to c5tre4 ,:]e ! long sides ( ! slabs are aga9/ ! walls & ! bas9s are sunk into ! slabs1 !re mu/ be at lea/ #g ft4 #f 94 f bas9 to bas94 ,9 ! case ( slabs at "r angles to ! walls1 ! bas9s are be/ plac$ betwe5 ! slabs4 ,x is an excell5t plan to provide a slight scre5 9 "o corn] ( ! wa%+ room1 beh9d :i* ! ent]+ ba!r may1 if he *ooses1 h a w>m spray f a l>ge rose be=e proce$+ to ! hot rooms4 ,9 ladies' ba?s x is well to provide private %ampoo+ recesses by means ( p>titions ( suffici5t height1 :i* may be ( wood & obscure glass4 ,9 ?is way any %ampoo+ room may be r5d]$ m private4 ,upright m>ble slabs w (t5 be f\nd useful 9 divid+ ! b5*es4 ,! walls & ceil+s ( ! ap>tm5ts n[ "u consid]ation may1 s long z !re be a dado ( glaz$ w>e1 be l9$ 9 ! same way z ! hot rooms4 ,b z reg>ds floor+1 /ill m c>e is requir$ to prev5t slipp]9ess4 ,! soap & wat] t w be pl5tifully spilt ar\nd1 r5d]s ?is precaution ne$ful4 ,moreov]1 provision mu/ be made = dra9age4 ,! floor+ may be ( r\gh tile mosaic1 or simple tiles4 ,m>ble is too slipp]y1 & glaz$ tiles are :olly inadmissible4 ,m>ble mosaics1 r\ghly set1 may be employ$4 ,! fall to :i* ! floor is laid mu/ be det]m9$ by ! position ( ! gullies4 ,! dra9age sy/em ( a hot-air ba? is a mo/ important consid]ation4 ,9 a place :]e ! occupants are1 lit]ally1 brea?+ at e pore1 x is obvi\s t too mu* c>e _c be tak5 to prev5t all possible od\rs1 & ! slighte/ suspicion ( an escape ( delet]i\s sew] gases4 ,! traps employ$ 9 ! wa%+ rooms %\ld be ( ! be/ possible design & mat]ial1 & pro( aga9/ ! evil kn[n z siphon+4 ,! gullies above !m are be/ plac$ adjo9+ "o ( ! v5tilators 9 ! walls1 at ! floor level1 z !n a curr5t ( air sweeps ov] !m & up ! extraction flues4 ,x is n always t an opportunity is af=d$ to cut (f ! wa/e wat] f ! dra9age2 :]e ! ba? rooms are above gr\nd1 h[ev]1 ?is %\ld be done if practicable4 ,:]e possible1 an excell5t plan is to con/ruct a culv]t "u ! basem5t floor4 ,9 ?is ! :ole ( ! pipes c be plac$--! soil-pipes1 ! lavatorium & plunge ba? wa/es1 c41 & access ga9$ to !m by a manhole4 ,by ?is means a cut-(f c\ld be effect$ betwe5 wa/e-pipes & ! sew]age sy/em4 ,! culv]t itself c\ld be v5tilat$ by connect+ x ) an extraction flue4 ,?is is all co/ly2 b ! build] ( a ,turki% ba? w d well to be prep>$ to lay out a lib]al sum to p]fect ! sy/em ( dra9age ( ! e/abli%m5t1 & 9 ! end1 :5 ! public h appreciat$ ! att5tion be/[$1 he w ?ank 8 ar*itect = hav+ impress$ ^u him ! necessity = ?is extra exp5diture4 ,,! ,,d\*e ,,room4 ,! d\*e room %\ld be a small *amb] adjo9+ ! lavatorium1 & fitt$ ) a circul> ne$le ba? ) %[] or d\*e above1 & any o!r k9d ( spray ba? t may be requir$4 ,x %\ld n be a d>k1 cold1 un9vit+ hole4 ,= ?is reason1 & also because a corn] is admirably adapt$ to receive an appliance ( ! %ape ( a ne$le ba?1 x is bett]1 (t51 to fit x up 9 an angle ( ! lavatorium4 ,b ( ^! additions ,i %all h mu* to say anon1 z "o ( ! mo/ important po9ts ab\t a ba? is ! arrangem5t ( ! wat]-fitt+s4 ,ne$le ba?s w be f\nd indicat$1 on ! plans giv5 9 ^! pages1 by an incomplet$ circle4 ,,! ,,plunge ,,ba?4 ,?\gh1 accord+ to m$ical au?orities1 ?is does n =m a necess>y app5dage to ! hot-air ba?1 x is yet a feature t mu/ be provid$ 9 ! lea/ pret5ti\s ( public e/abli%m5ts4 ,ev] s9ce1 & long be=e1 ,cic]o obs]v$1 9 a lett] to 8 bro!r ,qu9tus1 ,latiorem pisc9am voluissem ubi jactata bra*ia non (f5d]5tur1 m5 :o h tak5 ! hot-air ba? h lov$ ! ample plunge4 ,b al?\gh x %\ld be suffici5tly l>ge = any ba!r to take a dive1 & = an exp]t to take a true head]1 x is a va/ mi/ake to ov]do x1 & con/ruct a small swimm+ ba?1 out ( all proportion ) ! o!r features ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,"o does n look = su* an adjunct3 x is a great exp5se to keep up1 requires a lot ( space1 & tempts _m to /ay too long 9 ! cold wat]4 ,all purposes w be s]v$ by a ba? :i* w all[ ! ba!r to swim )\t t\*+ ! sides ) 8 h&s1 & to dive along "u wat] )\t dang] ( /rik+ 8 head at ! o!r end be=e he rises to ! surface4 ,:]ev] possible1 ! ba? %\ld be q #be ft4 9 l5g? & at lea/ #g ft4 wide4 ,9 inf]ior in/itutions x may be z n>r[ z #d ft4 & proportionately %ort]2 b 9 su* a ba? "o c only fl\nd] ab\t1 & heal?y ba!rs w g else:]e4 ,9 decid+ ! position ( ! plunge ba? !re is "o po9t to be /rongly gu>d$ aga9/1 & t is1 t x be n /[$ away 9 a damp1 cold-look+1 cell>-l place4 ,su* a position may be all v well :5 ! proprietor wi%es to conceal dirty wat]2 b f e o!r po9t ( view x is highly objectionable4 ,! wise man w br+ 8 ba? =w>d into ! lighte/ possible position1 :]e its cle>1 limpid wat]s w look entic+ in/ead ( repell+4 ,= pref]5ce1 x %\ld be plac$ :]e ! ba!r w take x naturally1 en r\te to ! frigid>ium1 z at ! ,*>+ ,cross ba?s1 previ\sly illu/rat$4 ,9 ba?s all on "o level1 x is conv5i5t to place ! ba? p>tly 9 ! lavatorium & p>tly 9 ! frigid>ium2 b1 to mo/ p]sons1 ! necessity = pass+ "u ! inevitable p>tition & flap spoils ! full enjoym5t ( ! plunge4 ,if plac$ )9 ! frigid>ium1 & approa*$ by a door f ! lavatorium1 "s sort ( a scre5 %\ld be provid$ ov] ! ba?1 z1 at times1 ! app>ition appe>+ at ! above door1 9 full view ( ! occupants ( ! cool+-room1 is some:at ludicr\s4 ,! dem&s ( dec5cy mu/ be borne con/antly 9 m9d by ! ar*itect ( a ,turki% ba?4 ,if ! ba!r1 on leav+ ! plunge ba?1 f9ds himself 9 ! frigid>ium1 he mu/ asc5d ! /eps "u hang+ t[els4 ,! arrangem5t t w be f\nd ! mo/ conv5i5t--a direct importation f ! ,ea/--is to susp5d a hoop f ! ceil+1 & f ?is hang cords atta*$ to t[els4 ,! hoop c be swung by an att5dant ov] ! end ( ! ba?1 & 9 x ! ba!r c dry himself & be wrapp$ 9 t[els be=e proce$+ to 8 c\*4 ,:e!r ! plunge ba? be plac$ 9 a sep>ate *amb]1 9 ! lavatorium1 or p>tly 9 ! frigid>ium1 its con/ruction w rema9 ess5tially ! same4 ,if n 9 %ape & size1 9 o!r respects x is a small swimm+ ba?4 ,! weight & pressure ( ! wat] mu/ be rememb]$4 ,a good f\ndation mu/ be prep>$ = ! ba?1 ) a ?ick lay] ( concrete pass+ well "u ! side walls & cov]+ ! :ole floor4 ,! side walls %\ld be built ( concrete & l9$ ) :ite glaz$ bricks4 ,9 c]ta9 soils1 ! excavation = ! ba? may be puddl$ ) advantage1 b if prop]ly con/ruct$1 ?is %\ld be unnecess>y4 ,! bottom ( ! ba? ne$ n be flat1 z ! mo/ economical me?od ( con/ruct+ a plunge ba? is to make its deepe/ "p ab\t two-?irds ( its l5g? f ! end at :i* ! ba!r ent]s4 ,?is may be ab\t #d ft4 #f 94 9 dep? f bottom to wat]-l9e4 ,f ?is po9t ! floor w slope t[>ds ei!r end1 gradually t[>ds ! ent]+ end1 & m rapidly t[>ds ! exit4 ,at ei!r end1 :]e ! dep? ( wat] %\ld be ab\t #c ft1 mu/ be provid$ /eps = asc5t & desc5t4 ,if ! ba? be n m ?an #f ft4 wide1 ^! %\ld occupy ! :ole wid?1 & be ( m>ble or slabs ( "s *eap] mat]ial on brick be>]s1 or !y may be built solid4 ,a cop+ ( m>ble1 /one1 or purpose-made bricks mu/ be plac$ on ! side walls2 &1 if ! ba? be 9 ! cool+ room1 ?is may advantage\sly be rais$ sev]al in*es to protect f spla%+4 ,on ! cop+ may be requir$ metal /&>ds & a neat h&-rail+4 ,a wat]-supply pipe & screw-d[n tap1 an ov]fl[ & a wa/e-pipe w be ne$$1 all ( :i* ,i h m p>ticul>ly specifi$ h]e9aft]4 ,! plunge ba? is at times a s\rce ( two difficulties--x may leak1 & x may be bel[ ! level ( dra94 ,! fir/ evil is ! result ( an error 9 design1 or ( bad workman%ip2 ! latt] is unavoidable4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( con/ruct+ a plunge ba? has be5 adopt$ ) p]fect success3--,on ! b$ ( concrete prep>$ = its floor1 erect side walls ( concrete1 & on ! floors & walls ?us =m$ spread two di/9ct lay]s ( asphalt1 cov]+ all & runn+ up to ! und]side ( cop+4 ,aga9/ ! sides build half-brick walls 9 cem5t1 ) glaz$ face1 & lay ! floor ) glaz$ bricks flat4 ,! g5]al pr9ciples ( ?is con/ruction ,i %[ 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration4 ,:]e ! ba? is l[] ?an ! dra91 all t c be done is to dra9 out z mu* z possible & pump ! rema9+ wat] f a sump provid$ 9 a suitable position4 ,by rais+ ! plunge ba? *amb] a few feet1 ! bottom ( ba? may1 9 "s cases1 be j kept above ! dra9 level2 b /eps mu/ !n be plac$ betwe5 x & ! wa%+-room1 & /eps 9 su* places are dang]\s1 be+ v liable to become slipp]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,plunge ,ba?4 ,,! ,,frigid>ium ,,or ,,cool+ ,,room1 ,,& ,,dress+ ,,accommodation ,,= ,,ba!rs4 ,dress+ & cool+ accommodation 9 a public ba? may be provid$ 9 "o ( ! foll[+ ways3--#a4 ,a sep>ate frigid>ium & di/9ct dress+ room1 arrang$ 7a7 9 direct communication ) "o ano!r1 or 7b7 connect$ by a lobby1 corridor1 or ante-room2--#b4 ,a comb9ation ap>tm5t arrang$ 7a7 ) dress+-boxes ar\nd ! walls1 & c\*es 9 ! c5tre1 or vice v]s2 7b7 ) ,ori5tal divans2 7c7 ) c\*es scre5$ (f 9 pairs or s+ly by dw>f wood scre5s2 7d7 ) a few private dress+-boxes1 a few c\*es1 & a few l\nges1 & easy cu%ion$ *airs2 & 7e7 z a simple room ) c\*es plac$ !re91 by ! side ( :i* ! ba!r w undress1 & on :i* he w recl9e aft] 8 ba?4 ,! fir/ ( ^! arrangem5ts may be admirably adapt$ to unpret5ti\s e/abli%m5ts1 :]e1 h[ev]1 x is wi%$ to employ sep>ate rooms2 ! second 7#a1 b7 is only suitable = elaborate ba?s ( ! highe/ class1 9 :i* x may be adopt$ ) excell5t & ) practical results4 ,( ! comb9ation arrangem5ts 7a7 has little to recomm5d x2 7b7 is exp5sive & extravagant ( space1 ?\gh x may be made v effective 9 appe>ance & v pleas+ & com=table2 7c7 is suitable = ladies' ba?s2 7d7 is v practicable1 & gives ! ap>tm5t a pleasant1 homely look2 & 7e7 is be/ = *eap ba?s1 be+ ! simple/ arrangem5t possible1 :olly unsuit$1 h[ev]1 to e/abli%m5ts ( any pret5sion4 ,if ! plan include a sep>ate cool+ room1 x is no?+ m ?an a spaci\s1 *e]ful ap>tm5t1 design$ ) a view to ! reception ( c\*es1 & ! usual accessories design$ 9 connection ) x--! refre%m5t room1 hairdress] & *iropodi/'s saloon4 ,if ?is sep>ate cool+ room be provid$1 a di/9ct apodyt]ium1 ) little dress+-boxes1 mu/ be design$4 ,if ! ba? be small & easily manag$1 curta9s may be employ$ to scre5 ^? undress+2 b if x be a l>ge e/abli%m5t1 ) a numb] ( ba!rs con/antly dress+ & undress+1 doors mu/ be provid$1 & ^! mu/ be "u lock & key 9 *>ge ( an att5dant4 ,ea* dress+-box mu/ be fitt$ ) a seat1 rack1 & %elf2 & look+-glasses1 toilet-tables1 & lavatories = g5]al use mu/ be plac$ 9 ! room1 :i* mu/ be design$ 9 direct connection ) ! frigid>ium4 ,?is %\ld be spaci\s1 light1 l(ty1 & p]fectly v5tilat$1 ! vitiat$ air be+ "h extract$ at ! ceil+ level1 s9ce ! temp]ature at :i* ! ap>tm5t w be kept is an ord9>y "o--ov] t ( ! ext]ior air :5 ! wea!r is cold1 & "u :5 x is at all hot4 ,:]e ! cool+ room & dress+ room d n imm$iately adjo91 ! means ( communication %\ld be c>efully /udi$1 s t x may be free f cross draughts ( cold air1 & s t x may be dignifi$ & room-l--n a m]e passage4 ,x may h ! air ( an ante-room1 b mu/ n be cross$ by ent]+ ba!rs :o h n dive/$ !mselves ( _! boots or %oes4 ,slamm+ doors %\ld be avoid$1 hav+ reg>d to ! expos$ condition ( ! ba!rs4 ,9 spite ( ! !oretical & s5tim5tal advantages ( sep>ate cool+ & dress+-rooms1 a comb9$ frigid>ium & apodyt]ium seems to h f\nd fav\r latt]ly4 ,p]sonally1 ,i w\ld gladly ent] a prote/ aga9/ ! employm5t ( ! comb9$ cool+ & dress+ room z a decid$ly uncleanly habit4 ,x is c]ta9ly n pleasant to "k t1 hav+ obta9$ p]fect physical cleanl9ess1 bo? inw>dly & outw>dly1 "o mu/ return to c\*es :]eon previ\s ba!rs may1 z likely z n1 h1 h[ev] tempor>ily1 deposit$ m or less ( _! und]clo?+ or sup]impos$ raim5t4 ,b economy ( con/ruction is n[adays a "q t mu/ be consid]$ at e /ep1 & ! comb9ation ap>tm5t saves bo? space & mat]ials1 & is also economical z reg>ds att5dance4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be confess$ t a cool+ room provid$ ) elegant & spaci\s divans1 :]e9 ! ba!r dresses & undresses1 may be made v pleas+ to ! eye & )al com=table & conv5i5t4 ,! dress+-boxes1 too1 ( ! sep>ate apodyt]ium are n conducive to ! g5]al s5se ( com=t4 ,9 arrang+ ! plan ( a comb9$ cool+ & dress+ room x is necess>y to fir/ decide z to h[ ! ap>tm5t w be furni%$--viz4 :i* ( ! plans above m5tion$ %all be adopt$4 ,?is is mu* a matt] ( individual ta/e1 ?\gh1 z ,i h said above1 ! divan is to be pref]r$ 9 _m cases4 ,x is (t5 well to provide a cool+ room ( :at may be call$ ! picturesque ord]1 or ! rev]se ( /iff =mality4 ,by ?is ,i mean su* an arrangem5t z #b1 d4 ,! ba!r c !n *oose betwe5 recl9+ 9 semi-privacy or 9 ! op51 or1 aga91 re/+ 9 an easy *air4 ,) a h&some plunge ba? & a pretty little f\nta91 su* rooms may be r5d]$ v attractive4 ,:atev] be ! plan adopt$1 x mu/1 ,i repeat1 be c>efully ?\ght out previ\sly1 & n left z an aft]?\ght4 ,! size ( ! recl9+ c\* w be f\nd to be ! gov]n+ feature4 ,?is %\ld be #f ft4 #f 94 long by #b ft4 #f 94 wide1 or #f ft4 by #b ft41 accord+ z luxury or economy is ! end 9 view4 ,next to ?is mu/ be consid]$ ! space all[$ = ea* ba!r to dress 91 & also ! r\tes = ba!rs & att5dants4 ,f\r feet betwe5 ! c\*es is a suffici5t space :]e c\*es are scre5$ (f 9 pairs4 ,c\*es may be arrang$ 9 pairs or s+ly4 ,two pairs ( c\*es scre5$ (f ) only a small space betwe5 ( #d ft4 or s is an objectional arrangem5t4 ,x is difficult to expla9 :y ?is is s2 b ! ba!r :o has made "o ( f\r /rang]s ?us closely p5n$ up w appreciate ! objection4 ,an arrangem5t ( f\r c\*es mu/ exp& into a spaci\s divan4 ,at ,fig4 #e are %[n diff]5t ways ( arrang+ c\*es 9 ! frigid>ium4 ,a %[s ! objectionable arrangem5t spok5 (2 ,b is ! com=table1 spaci\s divan2 ,c ! me?od ( plac+ c\*es 9 pairs2 & ,d is a private c\* suitable = ladies' ba?s4 ,! floor ( a cool+ room mu/ be bo>d$4 ,9 a ba? :]e co/ is subord9ate to excell5ce1 a p>quetry floor may be provid$1 & mats employ$1 z clean] ?an fix$ c>pets4 ,! walls & ceil+s may be treat$ 9 any mann] t may be *os5--pla/]$1 pap]$1 or decorat$ ) col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,me?ods ( arrang+ ,c\*es 9 ,cool+ ,room4 ,any %ap$ room may be adopt$ z a comb9$ frigid>ium & apodyt]ium s long z x fulfils ! ess5tial po9ts--i4e4 t x be spaci\s1 capable ( easy & p]fect v5tilation1 & ( be+ kept cool1 light1 & *e]ful4 ,9 ! cool+ room ! ba!r w (t5 /ay long] ?an 9 any o!r ap>tm5t1 & no pa9s %\ld be sp>$ to r5d] x heal?y1 com=table1 & attractive4 ,! hygi5ic po9ts to be att5d$ to are1 t !re be an abundant supply ( fre% cool air & an effective )drawal ( vitiat$ air2 = ! cold-air ba? 9 ! cool+ room is1 9 its way1 z all-important z ! ba? ( hot air4 ,! fre%ness ( ! air is ( equally vital importance1 z mu* ( ! invigorat+ effect ( ! ba?--t effect :i* to ! m9ds ( ! un9=m$ is weak5+--results f submitt+ ! heat$ sk9 to volumes ( cold air4#b ,9 arrang+ any scre5s or scre5 walls 9 ! cool+ room1 !re=e1 reg>d mu/ be _h to ! me?od ( v5tilation1 t !re be no /agnant corn]s & recesses4 ,! s*eme ( v5tilation mu/ be decid$ by ! nature ( ! ap>tm5t & its position4 ,9 mo/ cases ! air is be/ admitt$ ?r\gh ! w9d[s1 fitt$ ) fanlights fall+ backw>ds f ! top1 & extract$ by a p[]ful self-act+ exhau/ at ! ceil+ level4 ,9 "s positions extraction flues w h to be built1 &1 9 o!rs1 flues ( l>ge area mu/ conduct to ! s\rce f :i* ! fre% air is drawn4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances p]fect v5tilation w n be obta9able )\t ! aid ( a p[]ful bl[+ fan-:eel driv5 by a motor ( "s sort1 & runn+ s z to exhau/ ! vitiat$ air4 ,! means does n s mu* matt] s long z ! end be ga9$1 & an ample supply ( cool air obta9$4 ,a w>m1 close cool+ room is worse ?an useless4 ,9 su* places ! ba!r w break out into r5ew$ p]spiration1 & lie p]spir+ = h\rs1 & become greatly weak5$ !reby1 ) a good *ance ( tak+ a *ill on leav+ ! e/abli%m5t4 ,cool+ rooms w always rema9 suffici5tly w>m 9 all wea!rs if !y be 9 any ord9>y relation to ! heat$ ap>tm5ts2 b 9 ! height ( summ] c>e is requir$ to keep !m suffici5tly cool4 ,:]e simple1 ev]yday precautions w n suffice1 ! air itself mu/ be cool$1 ei!r by pass+ x ?r\gh a cold *amb] or ov] ice-boxes 9 inlet tubes1 or ?r\gh a wat]-spray4 ,only 9 exceptional cases1 h[ev]1 is x necess>y to resort to su* measures1 z1 contr>y to ! tea*+s ( !ori/s1 x has be5 f\nd 9 practice t ! prop] temp]ature = ! cool+ room ( a hot-air ba? v>ies 9 diff]5t /ates ( ! wea!r1 & %\ld n rema9 con/ant all ! ye> r\nd4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #b3 ,n draughts4 ,! anci5t ,romans1 x is curi\s to note1 w\ld walk 9 ! op5 air aft] ! ba?2 & bo? ! ,frigid>ium ( ! ,romans & ! ,mu/aby ( ! ,turks 71 & are1 op5 to ! heav5s4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,heat+ ,,& ,,v5tilation4 ,( ! _m que/ions t m]it att5tion & /udy 9 connection ) ! ,turki% ba?1 all s9k into insignificance by ! side ( t ( ! heat+ & ! nature ( ! heat suppli$ 9 ! sudatory *amb]s4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 x is1 aft] all1 ! heat+ t di/+ui%es "o ba? f ano!r on ! score ( excell5ce4 ,! heat+ ( ! ba? is ! ,alpha & ,omega ( ! :ole matt]4 ,!re are two ways 9 :i* heat may be appli$ to ! body--by direct radiation1 z f ! sun or an op5 fire2 & by convection1 z ?r\gh a volume ( air4 ,! anci5t ,roman ba!rs1 ) floors bel[ !m :i* re/$ ^u pil1 or little pill>s ( brick or tile1 ar\nd :i* ! flames & hot gases f ! furnace play$1 & surr\nd$ by heat$1 holl[ walls1 evid5tly submitt$ !mselves to ! action ( a heat t mu/ h be5 ( a purely radiat+ "*4 ,s1 also1 9 a less p]fect mann]1 ! ,turks1 :o employ flues runn+ b5ea? ! floors1 & ! ,moors1 :o adopt /oves visible to ! ba!rs4 ,!oretically1 radiant heat 9 a ba? is va/ly sup]ior to t :i* is transmitt$ to ! body ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! air4 ,its virtues h be5 extoll$ by ,david ,urquh>t & o!r em95t au?orities on ! ba?4 ,!re is a diff]5ce1 says ,mr4 ,urquh>t1 betwe5 radiat+ & transmitt$ caloric4444 ,i _c pret5d to treat ( ?is great secret ( nature2 to "w out ?is problem a ,liebig is requir$4 ,?is ,i c say1 t su* heat is m endurable ?an common heat4 ,!re is a livel9ess ab\t x :i* transmitt$ heat lacks4 ,y are consci\s ( an electrical action4 ,x is to transmitt$ heat :at *ampagne is to flat be]4444 ,let u drop1 if y please1 ! ^w 'ba?'3 x is 'heat4' ,let u away ) t absurdity 'hot-air'3 x is ! application ( heat to ! human frame4 ,else:]e ?is writ] has po9t$ out t ! t]ms !rm1 sjac1 & hammm--! names giv5 to ! ba? by ! ,romans1 ,moors1 & ,ori5tals prop]--mean heat1 & n hot-air or hot-air ba?4 ,my own /udies1 obs]vations1 & exp]i5ce lead me to ! conclusion t ! direction 9 :i* we %all improve ! ,turki% ba? w be 9 ! way ( provid+ sudatories t %all give (f pure1 radiant heat 9 su* a mann] t ! :ole surface ( ! body may be s5sible ( a degree ( heat1 :ile ! lungs may brea! comp>atively cool air--air t has n pass$ ov] ! sides ( a fi]y furnace & be5 sudd5ly rais$ to an enorm\s temp]ature1 b :i* has receiv$ its heat by a g5tle & gradual process ( w>m+4 ,"u ?is sy/em ! heat ( :i* we are s5sible is z ! g5tle ,zephyr to rude ,boreas or ! bit+ ea/]n w9ds4 ,if we g into a kiln ( brickwork1 su* z is employ$ 9 fir+ clay goods1 aft] ! *>ge has be5 remov$ & all fumes & od\rs h disappe>$1 we %all note ! s(t & balmy nature ( ! heat t radiates directly f ! walls & vault+4 ,we are1 to all practical int5ts & purposes1 9 a ,roman laconicum4 ,! ?ick walls h be5 highly *>g$ ) caloric dur+ ! fir+ ( ! bricks or o!r articles4 ,!y h absorb$ va/ quantities ( heat1 & are n[ giv+ (f ! same to ! enclos$ air & to ourselves /&+ )94 ,9 ! old ,roman ba? ! walls 7 *>g$ ) caloric by means ( innum]able e>!n tubes l9+ ! sides ( ! laconicum1 & cov]$ ) a peculi> pla/]4 ,b 9 bo? cases ! nature ( ! resultant heat is id5tical4 ,x radiates to "o f all sides4 ,!re is no acrid bit+ ( ! face su* z "o feels 9 ! wor/ type ( hot-air ba?s2 no unpleasant fulness or a*+ ( ! head2 & no pant+ or palpitat+4 ,su* is ! ba? ( pure radiant heat1 a ?+ totally di/9ct f1 & altoge!r ( a diff]5t g5us to1 ! ba? ( heat$ air4 ,& "o might be p>don$ = ! en?usiasm :i* w\ld lead "o to sugge/ t x is only 9 ! supply+ ( ?is k9d ( radiant heat 9 ! mod]n ba? t true & rapid progress c be expect$1 & possibly t n until ?is great or p>tial--accord+ z ! sy/em ( radiation & convection p]ta9s 9 exi/+ ba?s--revolution has be5 effect$1 w ! ba?1 at pres5t us$ by ! few1 become ! cu/om ( ! _m4 ,"s day1 p]adv5ture1 ?is hypo!tical me?od ( employ+ pure radiant heat may be r5d]$ possible & practicable1 & we may be plac$ 9 a ba? :]e we %all receive great heat :il/ brea?+ a comp>atively cool atmosph]e1 & ?us receive a measure ( t electrical invigoration we exp]i5ce :51 9 "s %elt]$ ba?+ cove1 we h expos$ our bodies to ! fi]ce/ rays ( ! morn+ sun :il/ yet we brea! ! fre%1 cool1 ozone-lad5 air4 ,till mod]n inv5tion1 h[ev]1 has provid$ u ) ?is desid]atum 9 ! heat+ ( ! ba?1 we mu/ be satisfi$ ) exi/+ me?ods4 ,& unless some?+ really practical is p]fect$1 x is f> wis] to rely ^u ! sy/em ( heat+ by convection ?r\gh ! air--! pr9ciple1 g5]ally adopt$1 ( cont9u\sly pass+ l>ge quantities ( fre%ly-heat$ air ?r\gh ! sudatory *amb]s2 expos+1 h[ev]1 ! heat+ app>atus1 s t a maximum ( radiant heat may be obta9$2 & c>efully gu>d+ aga9/ injur+ ! air :il/ rais+ its temp]ature4 ,if only exi/+ ba?s 7 9 p]fect h>mony ) ?is pr9ciple1 "o w\ld h little cause = compla9t1 & might ! m leisurely await ! p]fect+ ( ! true radiat+ pr9ciple ( heat+1 :i* ,i am satisfi$ is ! "o ^u :i* we mu/ base all our hopes = ! future ( ! ,turki% ba?4 ,= practical purposes1 x w suffice if ! me?od ( heat+ & v5tilat+ a ba? on ! hot-air pr9ciple be expla9$4 ,?is ,i %all n[ d1 & subsequ5tly give plans & in/ructions = me?ods ( heat+ & v5tilat+ on sy/ems :]e1 by ! exposure ( ! heat+ surfaces ( furnaces1 a l>ge proportion ( radiant heat is ?r[n into ! hot-rooms4 ,! necess>y appliances1 & arrangem5ts = ! heat+ & v5tilation ( a ba? on ! ord9>y hot-air pr9ciple comprise a furnace 9 its *amb]1 ) flues or %afts supply+ cold1 & draw+ (f ! heat$ air1 & a /ok]y ) provisions = fir+ & /or+ coke1 c4 ,too (t5 ! /ok]y is unscrupul\sly cramp$1 & ! life ( ! /ok] !reby r5d]$ any?+ b pleasant4 ,its design is a simple matt]1 & p]haps = ?is reason neglect$4 ,! arrangem5t & con/ruction ( ! furnace *amb] requires c>e1 & ! selection ( a /ove or furnace great judgm5t4 ,z reg>ds ! latt] feature1 ! mo/ important po9t to consid] is ! nature ( ! heat+ or radiat+ surfaces4 ,:at w raise ! air to ! requir$ temp]ature1 )\t 9 ! process depriv+ x 9 any way ( its vitalis+ elem5ts1 & )\t adult]at+ x ) ei!r smoke & fumes f leakage1 or ) p>ticles ( =eign matt] giv5 (f f ! mat]ial employ$ 9 its con/ruction8 ,!re is no?+ really bett] z a radiat+ surface ?an ord9>y firebrick4 ,f ?is mat]ial a s(t heat is giv5 (f1 diff]+ 9 quality f t obta9$ f iron4 ,an iron furnace1 h[ev]1 requires less ?\ght 9 design1 gives less tr\ble 9 fitt+ up1 & is *eap1 economical1 & exp$iti\s4 ,/oves1 !re=e1 ) an iron radiat+ surface1 h be5 l>gely adopt$ 9 ! pa/1 9 spite ( ! objection t1 :5 sup]-heat$1 p>ticles ( metal are ?r[n into ! air ( ! hot rooms4 ,( iron furnaces !re are _m plac$ be=e ! public2 b ?\gh all are d\btless suit$ to ord9>y requirem5ts1 !re are few t are capable ( cr$itably fulfill+ ! conditions indisp5sable = ! hygi5ic heat+ ( ! air ( a ,turki% ba?4 ,^! conditions may be summ>is$ z foll[s3-- #a4 ,a maximum ( heat+-surface1 ) a m9imum ( grate space4 #b4 ,p]fect immunity f ! dang] ( leakage f ! furnace into ! hot-air *amb] or conduit4 #c4 ,fre$om f ! defect ( liability to ov]heat ! air4 #d4 ,inability to adult]ate ! air by ?r[+ (f matt] f ! heat+ surfaces4 ,su* prim>y ess5tials mu/ be con/antly borne 9 m9d by ! design] ( furnaces = ! ,turki% ba?4 ,_! importance mu/ be obvi\s to all4 ,( ! _m iron /oves1 ,messrs4 ,con/ant9e's ,convolut$ /ove has be5 adopt$ ! mo/ frequ5tly1 z an em95tly practical furnace = ! effective heat+ ( ! sudatory *amb]s4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is /ove is famili> to all ar*itects1 & x w be unnecess>y1 9 ^! pages1 to m9utely describe its con/ruction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,view ( a small ,furnace ,*amb]1 ) portion ( wall brok5 away to %[ ! ,convolut$ ,/ove4 ,! me?od ( con/ruct+ a furnace suitable = a small public ba? is1 h[ev]1 %[n at ,fig4 #f4 ,! excavations = /ok]y & heat+ *amb] be+ complet$1 & ! position ( ! furnace det]m9$ a solid f\ndation ( concrete mu/ be prep>$1 ^u :i* ! brickwork to support ! /ove mu/ be laid4 ,at ! same "t1 ! f\ndations = walls ( furnace *amb]1 /ok]y1 coke /ore1 & ! side walls = ! horizontal cold-air conduct+ flues w be prep>$4 ,^! latt] mu/ !n be built 9 half-brick ) glaz$ int]ior face1 & ! furnace inclos$ 9 simil> "w1 z %[n 9 p]spective sket*4 ,! flues mu/ be cov]$ ) ,york /one slabs #c 94 ?ick1 up to )9 ?ree in*es or s ( ! convolutions ( ! /ove1 at :i* di/ance ! side walls ( ! furnace mu/ be erect$1 ! back "o simil>ly1 & ! front "o r\nd ! f\r project+ doors1 :i* are1 respectively1 ! a%-pit door1 ! fire door1 & two doors = cleans+ ! horizontal smoke-box & int]ior ( convolutions4 ,! furnace walls mu/ be cont9u$ up to a few in*es above ! b5d ( iron smoke flue1 & !n--if1 z %[n1 ! furnace be small--cov]$ ) a #d-;94 ,york slab 9 "o piece4 ,if ! furnace be l>ge1 a flat brick ar* mu/ =m ! cov]+1 z at ,fig4 #h1 :]e ?is ar* supports ! floor+ ( ! laconicum4 ,! op5+s = ! admission ( ! heat$ air into ! conduit lead+ into ! hot rooms may be ei!r directly above1 z %[n 9 ! la/-nam$ illu/ration1 or 9 ! side1 z 9 ,fig4 #f1 ) incl9$ flues4 ,z a rule1 x is m economical1 9 heat+ on ! pr9ciple n[ "u consid]ation1 to place ! furnace bel[ ! level ( ! hot rooms2 b if desirable to place bo? on "o level1 ! back wall ( ! furnace *amb] becomes ! p>ty wall ( ! laconicum1 & x mu/ be /opp$ %ort ( ! ceil+1 & ! air deb\*$ ov] x4 ,9 *eap ba?s ! int]ior face ( furnace *amb] may be ( /ock brickwork2 b be/ glaz$ "w %\ld be adopt$ 9 good ones4 ,all hot & cold-air ducts %\ld be simil>ly l9$ ) glaz$ w>e4 ,9 fir/-class "w ! floors ( horizontal & incl9$ flues %\ld be ( :ite glaz$ tiles set 9 cem5t4 ,manholes mu/ be provid$ = clean+ :5 necess>y4 ,e portion ( furnace *amb]1 flues1 %afts1 & conduits = hot & cold air mu/ be get-at-able ei!r by means ( manholes or by long bru%es4 ,air-tight doors mu/ be indicat$ on ! plans :]ev] ?is necessity dem&s !m4 ,! iron smoke-pipe f furnace mu/ be conduct$ to ! smoke flue1 & ! connection betwe5 furnace *amb] & flue h]metically seal$4 ,! walls = a small furnace *amb] ne$ n be m ?an #d-a_/b 94 ?ick4 ,l>ge furnaces require walls "o-brick ?ick4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,an ,air ,filt]4 ,! cold-air flues lead+ f ei!r side ( ! furnace mu/ be conduct$ to _! respective inlets4 ,if possible1 at lea/ two inlets %\ld be provid$1 fac+ diff]5t ways3 ?is ) reg>d to ! possibility ( c]ta9 w9ds draw+ ! air out :]e x is want$ to ent]4 ,! op5+s %\ld be v]tical1 l w9d[s1 &1 9 cities1 furni%$ ) a solid frame & casem5t1 fitt$ ) l\vres ( plate glass ) poli%$ edges4 ,betwe5 ! rebate & ! casem5t x is a good plan to leave a space ( an in* & a half = a movable /ret*]-frame hold+ sev]al lay]s ( *eese-clo? to filt] ! air4 ,! con/ruction ( su* an air filt] is %[n at ,fig4 #g4 ,! glass l\vres keep out ! wet1 & ?r[ (f co>se p>ticles ( fall+ soot2 & ! provision ( a movable /ret*] p]mits ! clo?s to be frequ5tly *ang$ = clean ones--a v important po9t1 ?\gh little he$$1 if n1 p]haps1 :olly ignor$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,plans & ,section ( a ,furnace ,*amb]1 c41 = a ,ba? on ! ord9>y ,hot-air ,pr9ciple4 ,! position ( air intake is a matt] ( great importance1 especially 9 l>ge t[ns4 ,x evid5tly is bad to draw a supply ( air f ! bottom ( an area4 ,ev5 ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #h is n good3 ! %aft %\ld be c>ri$ high]4 ,! be/ places = ! intakes are :]e !re is always a curr5t ( pure air bl[+1 & away f smoky *imneys4 ,!oretically1 x w\ld seem t ! high] ! level ( intake ! bett]2 b 9 cities1 by go+ high we get among ! bel*+ *imney-tops1 ev5 if we escape ! /agnation bel[4 ,moreov]1 a high inlet ) a /rong w9d t5d+ to exhau/ ! air 9 ! %aft might f9d ! ar*itect ) ! cold air sweep+ ?r\gh 8 ba?1 & all ! heat$ air ru%+ up ! supply-%aft4 ,a l>ge lob/]-back automatically turn+ t[>ds ! w9d1 w\ld 9 _m cases prev5t su* a disa/r\s result4 ,ev5 9 l[-level intakes1 z ,i h said1 tr\ble w sometimes arise f ! same cause4 ,?is may be rem$i$ by provid+ m ?an "o inlet1 s t only ! "o fac+ ! curr5t ( air w be employ$1 ! o!r be+ clos$1 :i* c\ld be effect$ by fix+ ! glass l\vres1 spok5 ( above1 on pivots1 & connect+ !m ) a rod & adju/able rack4 ,x w\ld be a v simple matt] to make ! w9d itself automatically op5 & %ut ! l\vres4 ,! !ory ( ! heat+ & v5tilation ( ! hot rooms requires mo/ c>eful /udy1 & ! p>ticul> s*eme to be adopt$ 9 any new ba? mu/ be well consid]$ ) respect to ! re/rictions ( ! site4 ,at ,fig4 #h1 ,i h endeav\r$ to %[ h[ to make ! be/ ( :at is p]haps a bad job3 ! site only admits ( v5tilation at a back area1 x is impossible to con/ruct flues any:]e else1 & ! fre% air mu/ be drawn f ! same area4 ,on ! gr\nd floor are cool+ & dress+ rooms2 ! ba? rooms are 9 ! basem5t & ! furnace 9 a sub-basem5t1 rea*$ f a passage at ! end ( ! /airs = ! ba!r4 ,two convolut$ /oves are %[n 9 a vault2 ?ree air-inlets are provid$1 & ! f\l air is drawn up into ! smoke flues1 two 9 numb]1 :i*1 above1 c\ld jo9 "o ano!r4 ,let u foll[ ! air 9 its passage ?r\gh ! ba?4 ,ent]+ at ! intakes1 any co>se impurities are ?r[n (f by ! smoo? l\vres1 & ! t5d5cy ( f9] p>ticles to ru% 9 is *eck$ by ! /ret*$ canvas *eese-clo?s4 ,?us depriv$ ( its actually visible impurities1 ! air passes ?r\gh a long] or %ort] conduit ( glaz$ brickwork until x rea*es ! horizontal flues runn+ to b5ea? ! furnace walls1 along :i* x is rapidly drawn1 &1 asc5d+ betwe5 ! walls & heat+ surfaces & betwe5 ! two adjac5t heat+ surfaces1 absorbs ! radiat+ heat & ent]s ! laconicum by way ( ! rectangul> %aft con/ruct$ above ! vault spann+ ! two /oves4 ,que/ions ( temp]ature ,i w omit = ! pres5t4 ,! air1 on pass+ ?r\gh ! laconicum1 w be practically pure1 z x is 9 su* great bulk comp>$ ) ! numb] ( occupants ( ?is highly-heat$ *amb]1 & x w n be absolutely necess>y to provide v5tilators4 ,^! %\ld comm5ce 9 ! calid>ium1 & %\ld1 9 ! s*eme ( v5tilation "h consid]$1 be s dispos$ t ! ne>] !y are to ! lavatorium & %ampoo+-room1 ! m frequ5t w !y become4 ,! object ( ?is disposition ( outlets = vitiat$ air is1 t ! cross curr5ts ?us creat$ may n int]f]e ) ! ma9 fl[ f ! heat+ *amb] to ! lavatorium4 ,7 too _m v5tilators to be plac$ ne> ! hott] end ( ! sudatorium1 ?is /ream w\ld be div]t$4 ,too mu* ( ! fre%ly-heat$ air w\ld fl[ out at ^! po9ts1 & ! onw>d movem5t ( ! air w\ld be enfeebl$4 ,!re w\ld !n be difficulty 9 ma9ta9+ ! temp]ature 9 ! tepid>ium & lavatorium4 ,9 pass+ onw>d ?r\gh ! v>i\s rooms1 two *anges are wr\ght 9 ! air3 x loses s mu* ( ! caloric ) :i* x is *>g$ = e foot x travels1 & x becomes lad5 ) ! exhalations f ! lungs ( ! ba!rs4 ,a l>ge proportion ( c>bonic acid is ?r[n into ! air1 & z ! normal temp]ature ( ! human body rema9s1 9 a heal?y p]son1 at ab\t #ih ,fahr41 & rises b a few po9ts ev5 :5 submitt$ to ! action ( heat1 ^! exhalations1 9 addition to be+ heavi] ?an air1 are v mu* bel[ ! av]age temp]ature ( a sudatory *amb]4 ,consequ5tly !y fall1 & mu/ be extract$ at ! floor level4 ,! total area ( ! outlets = vitiat$ air %\ld be ab\t equal to ! area ( ! n>r[e/ "p ( ! %aft t conducts ! fre%1 hot air f ! heat+ *amb]4 ,?us1 suppos+ ! latt] to be #e sup]ficial feet1 & ! size ( outlet v5tilators a cle> #ab 94 by #c 941 !re may be #bj v5tilators dispos$ r\nd ! ba?-rooms1 say #d 9 ! calid>ium1 #g 9 ! tepid>ium1 & #i 9 ! comb9$ %ampoo+ room & lavatorium4 ,9 ! diagrams at ,figs4 #h & #i ! f\l-air conduit is ! space compris$ "u ! m>ble-topp$ b5*es runn+ r\nd ! hot rooms4 ,at ! end ( ! laconicum !y ent] flues1 :i* ,i h %[n z runn+ side by side ) ! smoke flues4 ,o!r me?ods ( heat+ ! air1 besides ^? m5tion$1 include coils ( iron flue-pipes 9 a brick *amb]--a pr9ciple t has be5 frequ5tly adopt$ 9 ! pa/--& pla9 cyl9drical iron radiat+ /oves1 su* z employ$ at ! ,hammam 9 ,j]myn ,/reet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,section ( ,hot ,room1 %[+ ,f\l-air ,conduit4 ,9 ! latt] plan1 h[ev]1 a great exp5se is creat$ by ! l>ge numb] ( furnace-fires to be kept con/antly burn+4 ,an expos$ /ove 9 a hot room1 has1 moreov]1 ! objection to its use t x re-heats ! air 9 ! ba?1 :i* %\ld nev] on any acc\nt be done4 ,if ! iron /ove-pipe sy/em is adopt$1 a furnace simil> to ! "o %[n at ,fig4 #aj mu/ be provid$1 & aft] an additional few feet ( brick flue ! iron pipe w\ld comm5ce & turn back ^u itself mu* z ! flue 9 ! fire-brick furnace4 ,prop] supports mu/ be provid$1 & ! pipes mu/ be /\t & jo9t$ toge!r ) expansion jo9ts1 o!rwise consid]able difficulty w be f\nd 9 keep+ a long l5g? ( flue pipe p]fectly free f leakage4 ,furnaces on ?is pr9ciple may be design$ s t !y ?r[ a c]ta9 am\nt ( radiant heat direct into ! hot-rooms1 & !y possess ?is advantage ov] a m]e /ove1 t !y w>m ! air m gradually4 ,! furnace %\ld be built adjo9+ ! laconicum1 ! p>tition wall be+ ( #d-a_/b-;in* glaz$ brickwork1 hav+ a l>ge numb] ( small op5+s made !re9 by leav+ void spaces z describ$ fur!r on = ! fireclay heat+ app>atus4 ,beh9d ?is wall ! iron flue-pipe %\ld be plac$1 turn+ back ^u itself1 z describ$ above1 = p]haps half-a-doz5 times1 & end+ 9 ! v]tical brick flue4 ,! furnace itself %\ld be ( fire-clay1 & s design$ t its utmo/ heat+ p[] may be economically employ$ 9 w>m+ ! incom+ air1 :i* %\ld pass ov] ! furnace & iron flues1 ?r\gh ! holes 9 p>tition wall1 & ?us into ! hot rooms4 ,! flue1 if ( wr\ght iron1 %\ld be rectangul> 9 section1 b if ( ca/-iron x %\ld be r\nd4 ,! mo/ economical way ( obta9+ a high temp]ature 9 a small1 inexp5sive1 & unpret5ti\s private ba? is by means ( a common laundry /ove1 ) a long] or %ort] l5g? ( iron flue 9 ! ap>tm5t4 ,?is is ! *eape/ & quicke/ me?od ( rais+ ! temp]ature ( a room = sudorific purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,a ,fireclay ,heat+ ,app>atus4 ,to turn to me?ods ( heat+ f a radiat+ surface ( firebrick1 at ,fig4 #aj ,i h giv5 ! plan1 elevation1 & sections ( a fireclay heat+ app>atus4 ,x is con/ruct$ :olly ( fireclay--fireclay bricks1 qu>ries1 & cem5t4 ,9 ! ma9 x consi/s ( a long flue ( firebricks & slabs1 :i* coils backw>ds & =w>ds ov] itself till ! desir$ am\nt ( radiat+ surface is ga9$4 ,betwe5 ! coils are spaces = sup]-heat+ ! air already w>m$ by pass+ ov] ! actual furnace & into ! w>m air *amb]1 ! air pass+ ?r\gh by means ( p]=at$ bricks4 ,! illu/ration %[s a simple furnace2 b x w\ld be an easy matt] to improve ^u ?is by provid+ iron air-tight doors l9$ ) fireclay1 = cleans+ flues & air-*amb]s4 ,! example giv5 is only suit$ to heat a small public ba?4 ,= a l>ge set ( hot rooms1 a comp\nd app>atus c\ld be con/ruct$ by plac+ an additional furnace 9 a sub-basem5t1 ! "o on ! level ( ! sudatory supply+ radiant heat1 & ! l[] "o hot air4 ,two su* app>atus might be plac$ "o beh9d ! o!r1 end to end1 or might =m ! sides ( ! laconicum2 ! la/ plan1 h[ev]1 be+ ! lea/ to be recomm5d$1 z 9 su* positions !y w\ld n directly radiate _! heat into ! adjo9+ hot rooms4 ,! advantage ( su* a furnace z t %[n is t x supplies radiant heat ( a mo/ exhil>at+ k9d1 besides a proportion ( heat$ air1 & f a fireclay surface1 ! employm5t ( :i* r5d]s x absolutely impossible to ov]heat ! air1 or to contam9ate x by delet]i\s p>ticles result+ f ! decomposition ( metal4 ,moreov]1 ! /ok+ ( ?is class ( furnace requires less ardu\s att5tion ?an an iron /ove4 ,its disadvantage is t1 %\ld ! temp]ature ( ! ba? be all[$ to fall m>k$ly1 x requires "s "t = ! extra heat to be made up aga94 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z fires at public ba?s mu/ be kept bank$ up ov]night1 ?is is n a matt] ( importance4 ,x is ?is v sl[ness ( increase 9 temp]ature t con/itutes ! safegu>d aga9/ t ov]heat$ air1 ! pres5ce ( :i* we c1 ) practice1 detect by ! smell 9 s _m ba?s4 ,! difficulties involv$ 9 ! con/ruction ( a furnace ( ?is nature relate to ! prev5tion ( crack+ & consequ5t escape ( sulphur\s fumes & c>bon into ! air4 ,! v simplicity ( ! con/ruction ( ! flues & air-*amb]s con/itutes ! *ief dang]1 z ! *ances are t1 unless ! ar*itect /&s by & sees e jo9t made1 ! "w w be done badly4 ,absolutely faultless workman%ip mu/ be employ$ ?r\gh\t1 & ! fireclay mat]ials mu/ be lit]ally ( ! v be/ & s\nde/ description4 ,e s+le jo9t mu/ be p]fectly made ) fireclay cem5t or pa/e4 ,! fireclay bricks1 c41 mu/ be select$ ) reg>d to ! am\nt ( inde/ructible silica 9 ! clay1 consi/5t ) h>dness & t\ghness4 ,homog5eity ( mat]ial mu/ be obta9$1 hav+ reg>d to expansion & contraction4 ,! same mat]ial us$ = ! bricks1 c41 work$ into a pa/e1 mu/ be employ$ = ! jo9ts4 ,! design = a furnace on ! pr9ciple %[n at ,fig4 #aj mu/ be prep>$ ) con/ant reg>d to expansion & contraction 9 heat+ & cool+4 ,%\ld ?is w>n+ be disreg>d$1 fractures w result4 ,x w be se51 ^u ref]5ce to ! plans1 t ! block ( flues & air spaces is left q free1 to all[ ( any expansion1 ! connection ) ! smoke-%aft be+ by means ( an iron flue-pipe1 :i*1 be+ provid$ 9 consid]able l5g? be=e pass+ ?r\gh ! p>ty-wall ( laconicum & /ok]y1 by its flexible nature p]mits any slight movem5t 9 a v]tical direction4 ,if an expansion jo9t 7 provid$1 !re w\ld be a suffici5t l5g? ( iron pipe if x pass$ direct f ! junction ) ! heat+ app>atus into ! /ok]y4 ,s mu* ( ! iron flue z is 9 ! laconicum mu/ be coat$ ) asbe/os or "s composition1 or ! heat+ w n be :olly by firebrick4 ,! junction ( iron flue & heat+ app>atus is %[n by a ca/-iron cap slid+ ov] a project+ rim ( fireclay1 m\ld$ into ! la/ qu>ry cov]1 simil> to ! way 9 :i* ca/-iron m\?pieces are fitt$ to retorts4 ,?is heat+ app>atus is %[n visible 9 ! laconicum1 b if ?\ght desirable x c\ld be scre5$ by a wall ( glaz$ bricks--#i 94 & miss #d-a_/b 94 ,! #d-a_/b by #c 94 holes c be arrang$ 9 diamond patt]ns4 ,?is scre5 wall1 h[ev]1 cuts (f a l>ge quantity ( radiant heat4 ,! fir/ flue pa/ ! actual furnace--%[n ) ord9>y dead-plate1 rak+ fire-b>s1 a%pit1 fire-door1 & a%pit door = regulat+ draught--has walls #d-a_/b 94 ?ick2 above1 small] bricks1 #c 94 wide2 b 9 a l>g] app>atus1 #i 94 & #d-a_/b 94 respectively w\ld be requir$4 ,! qu>ries betwe5 flues & air spaces are #bd 94 by #bd 94 by #c 941 ) rebat$ jo9ts4 ,l>g] cov]s w\ld be m liable to crack at any provocation4 ,9 addition to heat+ by means ( furnaces1 /eam-heat+ may be employ$1 if f\nd1 z 9 _m cases x w\ld be1 conv5i5t & economical4 ,! *ief disadvantage ( ?is me?od ( heat+ ,turki% ba?s1 is ! con/ant dang]1 h[ev] slight1 ( bur/+ a pipe 9 ! heat+ coil1 :i*1 by imm$iately fill+ ! highly-heat$ atmosph]e ) vap\r1 might prove mo/ disa/r\s to ! occupants ( ! hot rooms1 :o w\ld be s]i\sly scald$4 ,nev]!less1 ! pr9ciple has be5 l>gely employ$ 9 ! heat+ ( ! mo/ rec5t ,turki% ba?s 9 ,g]many4 ,if adopt$ x may be ei!r on ! hot-air or radiat+ plan1 z 9 heat+ by means ( furnaces4 ,9 ! fir/ me?od ! fre% air is introduc$ into a *amb] conta9+ a coil ( /eam-pipes1 & passes !nce into ! laconicum by a %aft or conduit1 z 9 ! case ( air heat$ by a /ove4 ,9 ! second me?od1 /eam radiators--compact batt]ies ( pipes--mu/ be plac$ 9 recesses 9 ! hot rooms1 fre% air be+ introduc$ ov] !m4 ,! /eam-pipes employ$ %\ld be ( ! small bore type1 ab\t #e_/h in* int]nal diamet]1 & ( wr\ght iron or copp]4 ,9 ord] to ensure z f> z possible aga9/ ! dang] ( explosion1 ! sy/em ( pipes %\ld be te/$1 :5 fix$1 by sev]e hydraulic pressure4 ,x is c]ta9ly a great advantage1 9 po9t ( ease & economy1 to be able to w>m a build+1 drive ma*9]y1 & heat ,turki% & ,russian ba?s f "o boil]1 :i* c readily be done1 v ord9>y pressures ( /eam giv+ suffici5t heat to keep ! radiators ( ! requisite temp]ature4 ,b ! nature ( ! heat+ accompli%$ by means ( /eam-pipes is v inf]ior to t f l>ge radiat+ surfaces ( firebrick4 ,! av]age temp]atures ( a public ba? %\ld range f ab\t #aaj 9 ! %ampoo+ rooms to #bej-bfj 9 ! hotte/ "p ( ! laconicum1 tak+ ! read+s ( ! !rmomet] at a level ( #f ft4 #f 94 above floor-l9e4 ,betwe5 ! entrance ( ! heat$ air & its po9t ( fur!/ travel 9 ! %ampoo+ rooms1 ! ba!r %\ld be able to select any temp]ature t may be mo/ agreeable to him1 & z _m f9d by exp]i5ce t a c]ta9 degree ( heat is be/ suit$ to !mselves1 x %[s att5tion to ! habitus ( ! ba?1 if ! hot rooms are c>efully ma9ta9$ at ! same uni=m temp]atures ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,?is may be #aaj-abj 9 ! %ampoo+ rooms1 #adj 9 ! tepid>ium1 #ahj 9 ! calid>ium1 & #bej 9 ! laconicum4 ,^! mu/ be ! maxima ( ! av]age temp]atures ( ea* room at #f ft4 #f 94 above ! floor4 ,9 a pure atmosph]e ! highe/ temp]atures are com=table1 b 9 a f\l "o !y become insupportable4 ,9 a good ba?1 :]e !re is a rapid & cont9u\s fl[ ( air1 !re w be comp>atively little diff]5ce betwe5 ! temp]ature at say #d ft41 #f ft41 & #h ft4 above ! floor4 ,9 badly-v5tilat$ rooms1 :]e ! air /agnates1 !re w be a consid]able diff]5ce4 ,& "h we may note a s]i\s objection to ! heat+ ( a ba? by convection2 = :ile ! head may be 9 a high degree ( heat ! feet are 9 comp>atively cool air1 :]eas1 if possible1 x %\ld be j ! rev]se4 ,9 convect$ heat1 ?is ( c\rse applies 9 its entirety1 z :]e s-call$ radiant heat is employ$ ! evil is n q s m>k$4 ,& "h1 too1 we may note ! admirable nature ( ! ,roman sy/em ( heat+1 :]e ! floors radiat$ ! majority ( ! heat1 & ! walls a slightly less am\nt4 ,! fre% air "u ! anci5t sy/em mu/ h ent]$ ?r\gh ! cool] rooms1 & be+ drawn t[>ds ! calid>ium f\nd its exit ?r\gh ! ceil+s1 at times by way ( ! regulat+ device m5tion$ by ,vitruvius4 ,?us ! anci5t ba!r w\ld n suff] ! inconv5i5ce t accrues to ! ba!r 9 ! mod]n hot-air ba?1 ^: head1 :5 he is /&+ upright1 is 9 a consid]ably high] temp]ature ?an any o!r portion ( 8 body4 ,! temp]ature ( a ba? %\ld n be regulat$ by ! fir+ ( ! furnace4 ,?is %\ld be regul>ly /ok$1 & kept at "o uni=m heat-giv+ condition4 ,bad fir+ & =c$ fir+ may crack ! /ove %\ld x be ( iron1 & ! air may be ov]heat$4 ,! temp]ature %\ld be regulat$ by means ( ! hit-&-miss v5tilators at ! floor level4 ,fanlights betwe5 ! v>i\s hot rooms1 ) screw-rod adju/m5t1 s]ve z a means = regulat+ _! relative temp]atures4 ,! heat+ p[] ( furnaces mu/ be /udi$4 ,hav+ calculat$ ! cubical cont5ts ( ! rooms to be heat$1 & giv5 ! heat+ p[] ( ! /ove or app>atus to be employ$ p] cwt4 ( metal or sup]ficial foot ( radiat+ surface1 we arrive at ! necess>y size4 ,messrs4 ,con/ant9e give ! foll[+ tables to %[ ! heat+ p[] ( ! ,convolut$ /ove4 ,! figures give ! requisite size ( /ove to raise ! air to ab\t ! relative temp]atures ,i h m5tion$ be=e1 & ) ord9>y fir+4 ,weight ( ,sq4 ft4 ( ,area capable metal4 heat+ surface4 ( heat+4 --- --- --- cwt4 sq4 ft4 cub4 ft4 #ad #ce #ejj #bj #ee #a1bjj #bb #fi #b1jjj #cd #aai #c1ejj #cf #aci #e1jjj #de #ahj #h1jjj #ej #bca #ab1jjj #ef #bif #af1jjj ,:5 diff]5t k9ds ( heat+ app>atus are employ$1 _! heat+ p[] mu/ be c>efully asc]ta9$ & calculations ent]$ into1 or x may be f\nd necess>y to resort to ! co/ly & humiliat+ process ( dragg+ out ! /ove or pull+ d[n ! furnace & refitt+ a l>g] "o4 ,?is po9t is wor? att5tion4 ,su* mi/akes are n unfrequ5tly made4 ,z reg>ds ! am\nt ( air t %\ld fl[ ?r\gh ! hot rooms1 an all[ance ( #dj cubic feet p] head p] m9ute %\ld be ! m9imum1 if purity ( atmosph]e is to be ma9ta9$4 ,9 a ba?1 ! importance ( p]fect v5tilation _c possibly be ov] e/imat$1 z n only has ! respir$ air f ! lungs to be remov$1 b also ! delet]i\s exhalations f ! sk9 :i* are produc$ by p]spiration4 ,! all[ance ( #dj cubic feet p] head p] m9ute %\ld n1 if prop]ly di/ribut$1 cause an unpleasant draught 9 any "p ( ! hot rooms2 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t ev5 9 a highly-heat$ atmosph]e a waft ( air ( ! same temp]ature is felt to be cold4 ,! ma9 ?+ to be /udi$ 9 ?is provision ( a l>ge volume ( air is t ! cold inlet be ample1 & ! passage f ?is intake to ! po9t :]e ! air is deb\*$ into ! laconicum equally roomy & unob/ruct$4 ,! rapidity ( fl[ w dep5d ^u ! means provid$ = ! extraction ( ! f\l air4 ,) l>ge horizontal flues1 & a capaci\s & tall %aft1 ! s-call$ natural sy/em ( v5tilation w be z effective z c\ld be desir$4 ,great] extraction p[] is ga9$ if 9 ! brick /ack a smoke-pipe c be plac$ runn+ up ! :ole height4 ,9 _m cases me*anical v5tilation c\ld be employ$ ) ! greate/ b5efit4 ,a p[]ful air-propell] fix$ at ! end ( a sy/em ( horizontal flues "u ! floors ( ! hot rooms1 & runn+ s z to exhau/1 w\ld d away ) all ! objectionable od\rs & na/9ess ( _m ba?s4 ,! purity or f\lness ( ! air 9 ! hot rooms =ms all ! diff]5ce betwe5 a good ba? & a bad "o1 :i* latt] is inf9itely worse ?an no ba? at all4 ,!re exi/1 at ! pres5t "t1 scores ( ba?s :]e ! od\rs ( ! sudatory *amb]s are nauseat+4 ,su* f\lness arises f /agnation ( ! air4 ,!re is no cont9u\s fl[1 & ! respirations & exhalations ( ! ba!rs are n remov$4 ,a sy/em ( v5tilation may be po9t$ out1 b x is on ! wrong pr9ciple1 & does n act4 ,!re is no *ange ( air4 ,! atmosph]e ( su* places becomes pe/il5tial4 ,ow+ to ! expansion by heat1 a relatively great] volume ( air ent]s ! laconicum ?an ! cold intake4 ,?is fact1 h[ev]1 does n practically affect ! arrangem5ts = v5tilation1 c4 ,!oretically1 h[ev]1 x w\ld seem to dem& t ! %aft conduct+ f furnace to hot rooms %\ld be ( great] sectional area ?an t to ! furnace f ! intake--ab\t "o-?ird l>g]--& t ! total area ( outlets = ! escape ( vitiat$ air %\ld be ab\t midway betwe5 ! two4 ,! :ole pr9ciple ( ! v5tilation ( ! hot rooms ( a ,turki% ba? resolves itself1 prim>ily1 into ! fact t we h to cont9ually remove ! bottom lay] ( air4 ,! provision ( ! f\l-air conduits bel[ ! floor level is equival5t to provid+ a susp5d$ floor ) a holl[ space "u4 ,?is is j ! rev]se ( ! pr9ciple ( v5tilat+ rooms ( ord9>y temp]ature1 :]e we require to con/antly remove ! top lay]1 & (t5 actually d s :5 we provide false ceil+s to passages1 c4 ,! v5tilators plac$ at ! floor level ( ! hot rooms %\ld be actually s1 & n #c 94 or #f 94 above4 ,long1 wide grat+s #f 94 deep are pref]able to ^? ( deep] & n>r[] design4 ,9 !ory1 inde$1 ! :ole circumf]5ce ( ! hot rooms %\ld be l9$ r\nd ) grat+s1 ?us mak+ ! sudatorium l a lidless box inv]t$1 into :i* hot air is ?r[n & escapes all r\nd ! bottom edges4 ,!re is "o po9t ab\t ! circulation ( air 9 a set ( hot rooms t requires consid]able att5tion1 & t is ! back-fl[ along ! floor4 ,9 any ba? :]e hot air is suppli$1 if ! ba!r w hold 8 l95 *eck across ! top ( ! doorway betwe5 ! rooms he w f9d t ! air is fl[+ f ! laconicum to ! %ampoo+ room4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! %eet be held across ! l[] portion ( ! doorway1 he w f9d t !re is a curr5t ( air sett+ 9 an opposite direction--f ! %ampoo+ room to ! laconicum4 ,?is is %[n at ,fig4 #aa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,longitud9al ,section ( ,sudatory ,*amb]s4 ,x w be se5 f ! diagram t ! ba!r is really 9 ?is back-fl[ :5 he is /&+ betwe5 & 9 a l9e ) ! doors ( ! hot rooms4 ,all ! air appe>s to be travell+ along ! top ( ! ba?1 & ! ba!r recl9+ on ! m>ble-topp$ b5*es w\ld seem to be ba!d 9 air t has pass$ along ! top ( ! ba?1 r\nd ! %ampoo+ rooms1 & back along ! floor4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 x is only f door to door t ! curr5ts exi/ exactly z %[n at ! diagram1 ,fig4 #aa1 !re be+ a second>y circulat+ process 9 ea* room4 ,?is circulation ( air w exi/ 9 any ba? heat$ on ! mod]n sy/em--t is to say1 :]e fre%ly-heat$ air is pass$ 9 9 suffici5t quantity4 ,x is a natural result1 & t5ds to di/ribute ! heat m equally4 ,! back-fl[ is only objectionable :5 a door is op5$ direct f ! heat$ %ampoo+ rooms to a cool] ap>tm5t1 z ! plunge ba? *amb]4 ,! ba!r /&+ 9 a l9e betwe5 ! doorways may !n feel a cold draught4 ,to gu>d aga9/ ?is1 d\ble doors1 ) a small lobby betwe51 %\ld be provid$ to any means ( communication ) a cold *amb]4 ,a set ( hot rooms c\ld be con/ruct$ s t ! ba!r w\ld be 9 ! top curr5t ( air t fl[s f ! heat+ app>atus4 ,by ref]5ce to ,fig4 #aa ! read] w und]/& t by ! provision ( a plat=m or grat+ midway betwe5 ! floor & ceil+ ?is end w\ld be atta9$4 ,! atmosph]e ( ! sudatorium mu/ be p]fectly free f vap\r4 ,p]fect dryness ( ! air1 says ,mr4 ,urquh>t1 is indisp5sable to ! endur+ ( a high temp]ature4444 ,?is dryness is fur!r requisite = electrical isolation4 ,) vap\r 9 ! *amb] an atmosph]e is creat$ injuri\s to heal? & conducive to disease4 ,x is ! v condition 9 :i* l[1 putrid1 & typhus fev]s fl\ri%4 ,! electrical sp>k w n ignite 9 su* an atmosph]e1 & ! magnet w lose its attractive p[]4 ,we all "k ! diff]5ce ( our own s5sations on a dry & on a damp day4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,wat] ,,fitt+s ,,& ,,appliances4 ,! wat]-fitt+s ( a ,turki% ba? include a boil] ( "s =m = heat+ ! wat]1 a cold-wat] ci/]n1 & a hot-wat] tank2 supply-pipes1 fl[ & return pipes1 & bran* pipes2 lavatorium fitt+s1 compris+ b[ls1 bas9s1 & cocks2 d\*e room fitt+s1 z ! ne$le ba?1 %[]1 d\*e1 spray1 & wave ba?s2 a w>m %[]-ba? = ba!rs ent]+ ! ba?1 or desir+ su* a %[] at int]vals2 & ! fitt+s ( ! plunge ba?4 ,9 addition to ?is !re may be requir$ a dr9k+ f\nta9 9 ! tepid>ium1 & an ornam5tal f\nta9 9 ! frigid>ium2 lavatories 9 v>i\s positions2 &1 possibly1 fitt+s & appliances = ! laundry4 ,premis+ an ample supply ( pure wat]1 x mu/ be br\ght into ! build+ ?r\gh a wat]-met] to ! cold wat] ci/]n1 :i* %\ld be at a suffici5tly high level to obta9 a good head4 ,?is ci/]n mu/ be capaci\s & prop]ly connect$1 on ! ord9>y circulat+ pr9ciple1 ) a hot wat] tank & boil]4 ,( suitable boil]s !re are sev]al 9 ! m>ket1 ( _m & v>i$ designs4 ,simplicity ( con/ruction %\ld be ! guide to a selection4 ,! boil] w p]haps its mo/ conv5i5tly plac$ 9 ! /ok]y1 & h be sep>ate furnace & flue1 any s*eme = comb9+ ! heat+ ( ! hot rooms & ( ! wat] be+ out ( ! "q4 ,9 small ba?s1 h[ev]1 ! hot-wat] tank may1 = economy's sake1 be plac$ ne> ! ceil+ 9 ! laconicum4 ,:]e wa/e /eam c be obta9$1 a wat] sup]-heat]1 ) /eam coil1 may be employ$ ) advantage2 b 9 ! majority ( cases ! ord9>y circulat+ sy/em w be f\nd ! mo/ suitable4 ,! supply-pipes mu/ be ( l>ge section1 & inde$1 ! :ole s*eme ( wat]-fitt+ %\ld be lib]al4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t1 9 addition to ! wants ( ! lavatorium & d\*e room1 plunge1 c41 !re w be a l>ge am\nt ( wat] requir$ = laundry purposes1 if wa%+ be done ^u ! premises4 ,! cold supply ci/]n may1 by ! exig5cies ( ! case1 be kept d[n z l[ z ! ceil+ ( ! ba?-rooms1 & be plac$ ov] "s subsidi>y ap>tm5t4 ,?is does n give mu* pressure ( wat]4 ,= all purposes x is be/ to h ! ci/]n at a m9imum height ( ab\t #bj ft4 above ! draw-(f taps & valves ( ! v>i\s ba?+ appliances4 ,?is w ensure a good head ( wat]1 & make ! d\*e a =midable affair4 ,! pipes1 unions1 tees1 valves1 & cocks %\ld all be ( ! be/ description 9 s important a "w z ! fitt+-up ( a public ba?4 ,ord9>y bungl+ plumb+ is "h out ( place4 ,lead pip+ %\ld be disc>d$ = all b v *eap "w1 & iron employ$ 9 its /ead1 ) prop] screw$ jo9ts1 angles1 & tees4 ,%\ld !re be suffici5t means1 copp] pip+ %\ld be employ$ = any?+ "u #a 94 int]nal diamet]1 & gunmetal %\ld be us$ = unions1 c41 & = cocks & valves4 ,h&some1 l>ge1 & well-made wat]-fitt+s conduce1 9 no small degree1 to ! effect ( a ba?4 ,!re %\ld be no attempt at hid+ away ( pipes1 c4 ,!y %\ld be made features ( ! ba?1 & be design$ ) c>e & neatly f9i%$4 ,e pipe1 jo9t1 & connection %\ld be pre>rang$1 & ! means ( fix+ & support+ ! same c>efully design$4 ,box+s1 & ! l1 %\ld be disc>d$1 & ev]y?+ frankly exhibit$4 ,! day = my/]i\s plumb+ has gone by4 ,!re is "s beauty ev5 9 a pipe4 ,to consid] ! fitt+s1 we w comm5ce ) ! lavatorium4 ,bran*es f ! hot & cold wat] supply pipes mu/ be conduct$ to ea* %ampoo]'s bas94 ,^! may be f9i%$ sep>ately1 ) indep5d5t nozzles1 z at ,fig4 #ab2 or ! pipes may be connect$ ) ! valve %[n at ,fig4 #ac1 ab\t #ah 94 above ! bas91 ! outlet ( ! valve be+ fitt$ ) a foot or #ae 94 ( indi>ubb] hose4 ,9 ! latt] case ! pipes & valve w\ld /& "s #i 94 f ! wall1 & dep5d f ! horizontal supply pipes1 :i* 9 _! turn c\ld be c>ri$ on wr\ght-iron brackets affix$ to ! wall1 or be hung by iron ties1 z indicat$ by dott$ l9es at ,fig4 #af4 ,! int]nal diamet]--! measurem5t giv5 9 all ! figures--( ^! bran* pipes to taps ov] %ampoo+ bas9s %\ld be #c_/d 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,a ,%ampoo+ ,bas94 ,cocks & valves = ! purposes ( ! ,turki% ba? are be/ ( ! gl& patt]n4 ,!y %\ld h bold h&les4 ,^? ( ! screw-d[n type are useless1 except z /op-cocks4 ,r\ndways %\ld be us$1 &1 to insure fre$om ( runn+1 ! turn+ "p %\ld be equal to ! inn] diamet] ( ! pipes4 ,! :ole %\ld be ( gunmetal1 &1 if ! pipes to be us$ be ( iron1 screw$ at ! end4 ,fig4 #ac %[s ! type ( valve to be employ$ to regulate ! temp]ature ( wat] = %[] ba?s1 c4 ,to be useful1 z well z bold & effective 9 appe>ance1 ! h&les %\ld be l>ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,valve = ,regulat+ ,temp]ature ( ,wat]4 ,9 e case1 ! cold wat] mu/ be plac$ on ! "r h&1 & ! hot on ! left4 ,! e>!nw>e bas9 is provid$ to hold wat] mix$ to ! requir$ temp]ature4 ,a wa/e & ov]fl[ are n %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 b !y %\ld be provid$4 ,! bas9 is be/ wide & %all[--%all[] ?an %[n4 ,!re %\ld be no ov]hang+ l$ge to cat* ! %ampoo]'s h&-bas92 = ?is reason ,i h %[n1 at ,fig4 #ab1 ! bas9 sunk into ! m>ble slab1 in/ead ( ! m>ble be+ on top1 z ord9>y4 ,! copp] h&-bas9 is provid$ = ! %ampoo] to take wat] f ! e>!nw>e bas9 & ?r[ ov] ! %ampoo+ slab1 or ov] ! ba!r4 ,9 addition1 a wood51 copp]-b&$ soap-b[l mu/ be provid$4 ,%\ld !re be a r[ ( %ampoo+ bas9s & b5*es1 ! horizontal supply-pipes mu/ be cont9u$ along ! wall1 & bran*es dropp$ to ea* bas94 ,! bas9s are mo/ conv5i5tly plac$ :5 rais$ some:at high] ?an ! b5*es4 ,9 ! illu/ration giv51 ,i h %[n h[ to arrange horizontal f\l-air flues "u ! bas9s4 ,9 o!r cases ! fix+ ( ! bas9s w be mu* simpl]4 ,= pure lavatorium purposes ^! bas9s1 cocks1 c41 are all ! wat]-fitt+s to be consid]$2 b 9 an ap>tm5t comb9+ ! purposes ( d\*e room--& p]haps a plunge ba? *amb]--z well z a wa%+ & massage room1 m or less ( ! fitt+s ab\t to be describ$ w h to be accommodat$4 ,! tonic appliances = treat+ ! ba!r subsequ5tly to ! %ampoo+1 ! soap+1 & ! cleans+1 are v>i\s4 ,! mo/ useful is ! simple %[] ba?1 ) a v l>ge rose1 & amply suppli$ ) wat] ?r\gh a regulat+ valve4 ,x is employ$ = ?or\ghly cleans+ ! ba!r be=e he ent]s ! plunge1 ^: wat]s are = ! common use ( all4 ,9 _m small ba?s its place is effici5tly tak5 by an ord9>y h& rose or spray ( ! k9d %[n at ,fig4 #ae4 ,! %[] prop] is usually fix$ above ! ne$le ba?1 z at ,fig4 #ad1 or =m$ by a cont9uation ( ! backbone ( ! ne$le4 ,x is be/ to h sep>ate regulat+ valves = ! ne$le & %[]1 z at ,fig4 #af2 b at ,fig4 #ad x is %[n ) a bran* f ! pipe conduct+ to ! ne$le1 & ) /op cocks4 ,! ne$le-ba? is a skeleton-l /ructure hav+ a l>ge holl[ backbone & bran*+ ribs4 ,! wat] asc5ds ! backbone1 &1 pass+ into ! ribs1 squirts out ( small holes punctur$ 9 _! int]nal circumf]5ces4 ,! ba!r /&s 9 ! c5tre ( ! app>atus1 ) ! ribs encircl+ him4 ,! ribs %\ld be ( #a_/b-;94 copp] pip+1 ! backbone & less] supports be+ ( iron1 #b-a_/b & #a-a_/b 94 diamet] respectively4 ,9 a conv5i5t position = ! att5dant mu/ be plac$ ! regulat+ valve4 ,a m elaborate contrivance may be made1 :i* w include ne$le1 %[]1 asc5d+ %[]1 sp9al d\*e1 & back %[]2 b ?is %\ld be left = hydropa?ic in/itutions & invalids4 ,simplicity 9 ^! matt]s %\ld be ! great desid]atum4 ,! above-nam$ additions1 h[ev]1 may be briefly describ$4 ,at ,fig4 #ad ,i h indicat$ ! position ( asc5d+ %[]4 ,x w\ld be connect$ ) ! pipe supply+ ne$le & %[]1 & h a /op-cock4 ,! sp9al d\*e is a little nozzle beh9d ! %[] prop]1 & %\ld h simil> connection ) ! supply-pipe4 ,! back %[] or sp9al spray w\ld be a rose plac$ ab\t half-way up ! iron backbone1 & be connect$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,avoid ^! complications 9 a ba? = heal?y p]sons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,a ,ne$le ,ba?4 ,! ne$le ba? is be/ left expos$1 b x may be enclos$ 9 a metal %ield if desir$4 ,?is ba? may be plac$ 9 "o ( ?ree positions--7#a7 9 ! %ampoo+ room1 7#b7 9 a sep>ate *amb]1 7#c7 9 ! plunge ba? *amb]4 ,x is mo/ conv5i5tly plac$ :]e ! ba!r passes x en r\te f ! wa%+ room to ! plunge4 ,= ?is appliance a good head ( wat] is absolutely ess5tial1 z ) a l[ pressure x is v ineffective4 ,! illu/ration %[s ! ba? /&+ on iron %oes4 ,if fix$ 9 a corn]1 z ord9>ily1 x c be secur$ to ! wall by su* cramps or brackets z may be necess>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,spray1 ,wave1 & ,d\*e ,ba?s4 ,besides ! ne$le & %[]1 z above1 ! tonic ba?+ appliances may include an ord9>y horizontal d\*e t c be po9t$ 9 any direction1 a spray1 or l>ge rose1 & a wave4 ,^! ?ree appliances may be plac$ toge!r z at ,fig4 #ae4 ,!y are connect$ to ! pipes f ! regulat+ valves by means ( a foot or s ( flexible hose4 ,to ?is is secur$ a tap]+ copp] pipe4 ,! d\*e has a gunmetal nozzle4 ,x is direct$ aga9/ ! back & sp9e1 b mu/ n be us$ ^u ! head or *e/4 ,) a good head ( wat] ?is is a mo/ p[]ful appliance1 feel+ m l a rod ( "s solid sub/ance press+ aga9/ "o ?an a /ream ( wat]4 ,! wave is =m$ by a copp] spread]4 ,! spray is simply a l>ge rose1 #f 94 or #h 94 diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,regulat+ ,valves = ,ne$le1 ,d\*e1 c4 ,x may be f\nd conv5i5t to arrange ! valves = ! :ole ( ! above-m5tion$ appliances toge!r1 z at ,fig4 #af4 ,ea* pair ( hot & cold h&les are "h br\ght toge!r4 ,^! h&les %\ld be long1 s z to admit ( easy regulat+ ( ! temp]ature ( ! wat]2 !y may well be #i 94 9 l5g?4 ,! d\*e1 wave1 & spray %\ld be kept z close z possible to ! h&les t regulate _! temp]ature4 ,i w\ld repeat ! caution t x is v necess>y to bew>e ( complications 9 ^! wat]-fitt+s & appliances4 ,"s ( ! m fussy contrivances--z1 = example1 ! elaborat$ ne$le ba? z above describ$--require s mu* regulat+1 & s _m valves & /op-cocks1 t x is q an und]tak+ = ! att5dant to set !m go+4 ,simplicity 9 design & con/ruction %\ld be obs]v$ 9 ?is "w3 ! pipes z few z ne$ be2 ! valves z simple z possible2 & ! :ole put toge!r 9 a mann] t w p]mit ( _! be+ easily exam9$ & repair$4 ,i h be=e h9t$ at ! desirability ( mak+ "s sort ( provision :]eby ! ba!r may1 on ent]+ ! ba?1 h a w>m spray or %[]1 ( any temp]ature t may be agreeable to him4 ,9 high class ba?s ?is feature %\ld always be provid$1 z x is a great luxury1 &1 moreov]1 to c]ta9 con/itutions a necessity1 ?us to be able to take su* a %[] be=e ent]+ ! hot rooms1 or at su* int]vals dur+ ! soj\rn 9 ^! ap>tm5ts z may be desir$4 ,! prop] position = ?is %[]-ba? requires "s consid]ation4 ,7 x only = ! ent]+ ba!r t x %\ld be provid$1 x w\ld be be/ plac$ 9 a lobby ne> ! entrance to ! hot rooms2 b z ! occupants ( ! hot rooms may frequ5tly desire "s su* %[]1 x mu/ be arrang$ ) reg>d to ?is fact4 ,x %\ld be conv5i5t = ! ent]+ ba!rs & = ^? 9 ! ba?4 ,a small *amb] ent]$ by doors f ! lobby to ! tepid>ium1 & also f ! tepid>ium itself1 w\ld be conv5i5t4 ,at times x may be plac$ 9 a nook (f ! %ampoo+ room4 ,:]ev] x be plac$1 ! app>atus provid$ = ! purpose ( ! %[] mu/ be su* z c be manag$ by ! ba!r himself1 s z n to take up ! "t ( ! att5dants2 & = ?is reason x mu/ be capable ( easy regulation1 & free f liability ( scald+ ! us]1 unless ?r\gh gross c>elessness4 ,a valve ) "o h&le only mu/ be employ$1 z1 unless ! ba!r has _h "s practice1 x is difficult to obta9 ?is immunity f dang] ( scald+ :5 two h&les are us$4 ,a valve su* z t %[n at ,fig4 #ag %\ld be employ$4 ,?is valve mu/ be s design$ z to supply cold1 tepid1 & hot wat] 9 regul> gradation--n int]mitt5tly1 z d "s valves ( ?is description4 ,x mu/ be s plac$ t any "o tak+ ! %[] may1 :il/ b5ea? ! rose1 be able to easily rea* ! h&le4 ,! rose %\ld n be less ?an #f 94 or #g 94 diamet]4 ,fig4 #ab illu/rates ! complete fitt+ up ( ?is ba!r's %[]-ba?4 ,9 hydropa?ic e/abli%m5ts x might be an improvem5t to add a small foot-ba?1 =m$ by a s9k+ ( ab\t #f 94 9 ! floor1 & fill$ ) hot wat]2 = physiologi/s tell u x is bad = invalids to ent] ! hot rooms ) cold feet4 ,supply pipes1 a wa/e1 & ov]fl[ w\ld h to be provid$ = ?is ba?1 & a m>ble seat might be plac$ r\nd x4 ,a m>ble cop+ & mosaic floor+ w\ld r5d] x pleas+ 9 appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,ba!r's ,%[] ,ba?4 ,i h h]e9be=e1 at ,fig4 #d1 giv5 plan & sections ( a plunge ba?1 & %[n its wat]-fitt+s4 ,! ov]fl[ & wa/e run into ca/-iron dra9pipes1 :i* %\ld be employ$ till outside ! build+4 ,on ! end ( ! ov]fl[ pipe is screw$ a gunmetal rose ) lea!r pack+1 ! screw-holes be+ drill$ into ! flange ( pipe4 ,= ! wa/e ,i h %[n a disc valve ( gunmetal4 ,?is is simil>ly screw$ to flange ( pipe1 & ) lea!r pack+4 ,! valve is op5$ & clos$ by a movable rod4 ,if fix$1 x might cat* ! toes ( ! swimm]1 & = ?is reason x w\ld p]haps be be/ to set ! valve itself back 9 a recess4 ,in/ead ( ?is valve1 an ord9>y #d-;941 #e-;941 or #f-;94 plug wa/e c\ld be employ$1 b x is r clumsy on su* a scale4 ,:5 practicable1 a screw-d[n valve1 ) :eel & sp9dle outside ! ba?1 is ! be/ means ( lett+ out ! wa/e wat]4 ,! supply-pipe %\ld be connect$ ) ! ma9 supply j aft] ! wat] met]4 ,! valve %\ld be ( ! screw-d[n patt]n1 ei!r ) a ?umbscrew1 :eel & sp9dle1 or a key4 ,9 coa/ t[ns1 :]e a sea-wat] plunge may be employ$1 a little rose on a bracket %\ld be provid$ 9 a conv5i5t position1 = cleans+ ! hair f salt wat]4 ,( ! lavatory fitt+s 9 ! cool+ room1 & ( ! sanit>y wat]-fitt+s1 x is unnecess>y to speak1 except to say t1 9 a place devot$ to ! atta9m5t ( cleanl9ess1 plumb+ ( ?is nature %\ld be z p]fect z possible4 ,a dr9k+ f\nta9 is a desirable feature 9 ! tepid>ium ( a ba? ( any pret5sion4 ,x %\ld be plac$ at ! coole/ end ( ! room1 affix$ to a wall1 & provid$ ) a supply-pipe1 wa/e1 & tap ( "s sort4 ,! b[l is be/ =m$ ( glaz$ e>!nw>e4 ,if an ornam5tal f\nta9 be requir$ 9 ! frigid>ium1 x %\ld be ( t]ra-cotta or modell$ glaz$ w>e1 & mu/ be provid$ ) supply-pipe1 wa/e1 & means ( regulat+ ! jet ( wat]4 ,a f\nta9 is a v desirable addition to a cool+ room1 z x is re/ful to ! e>1 & may be made pleasant to ! eye by means ( fl[]s & plants arrang$ ar\nd & ^u x4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,light+1 ,,decorat+1 ,,& ,,furni%+4 ,light & %ade be+ ! s\l ( all ornam5tal effect1 we may well consid] fir/ ! me?ods ( light+ ! ba?4 ,z a rule1 mu* artificial light w be requir$4 ,! hot rooms1 be+ (t5 9 a basem5t1 are z a rule b feebly illum9$ f areas & ! l4 ,see+ t purity ( atmosph]e 9 ^! ap>tm5ts is ( s vital importance1 ! me?od ( artificial light+ adopt$ %\ld n be su* z impregnates ! air ) obnoxi\s & h>mful1 if unnoticeable1 fumes4 ,gas1 = ?is reason1 us$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 is objectionable1 z ! v5tilation be+ by means ( l[-level exits = ! f\l air1 ! products ( combu/ion mu/ ( necessity pass by & envelop p]sons bel[ ! burn]s1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 9 a dilut$ /ate4 ,%\ld1 !re=e1 gas-light+ be employ$ 9 a sudatory *amb]1 x %\ld = pref]5ce be on "o ( ^? sy/ems :]eby ! burn] is cut (f f ! atmosph]e ( ! room1 & provision made = c>ry+ (f ! fumes4 ,happily1 ! use ( electric light+ is at la/ increas+ ) m>k$ rapidity2 & ! inc&esc5t light is admirably adapt$ = all purposes ( ! ,turki% ba?4 ,:]e x c possibly be adopt$ x is a great addition to a ba?4 ,= cool+ room purposes gas is n s objectionable1 except t x is heat+1 & assi/s 9 vitiat+ ! atmosph]e4 ,b inasmu* z ! fumes 9 ?is case w asc5d ) ! g5]al body ( air1 ! objection to gas is mu* less5$ 9 ^! ap>tm5ts4 ,nev]!less1 ! electric light is ! illum9ant to be covet$4 ,! quality ( ! light+ 9 ! cool+ room %\ld be ton$ & s(t5$4 ,x is n a place = brilliant g5]al illum9ation1 b r = a s(t light p]vad+ ! :ole1 & auxili>y lights :]e requir$1 su* z ne> c\*es1 c4--a sy/em1 9 fact1 diametrically oppos$ to sun-burn] illum9ation4 ,no?+ m objectionable ( its k9d c well be imag9$ ?an a gl>+ light 9 ! ceil+ ( a cool+ room4 ,x w\ld be f\nd intol]able4 ,= practical purposes1 ! greate/ am\nt ( light requir$ 9 any "p ( a frigid>ium is t at ! heads ( ! c\*es1 :]e x mu/ be ( su* /r5g? z w admit ( com=table read+4 ,"o gas-burn]1 or "o small inc&esc5t lamp1 to e two c\*es is a fair all[ance4 ,if effect be desir$1 !re is1 ( c\rse1 mu* 9 ! di/ribution ( ! illum9at+ ag5t t affects = good or evil1 & ! plac+ & ! relative p[]s ( ! lamps or burn]s mu/ be consid]$4 ,! dom9ant po9t ( light might be a prettily-design$ lant]n ) a few brilliant po9ts ( col\r 9 x1 dep5d+ f a *a9 ov] a f\nta91 ?r[+ its rays d[nw>ds on to ! fall+ wat]s1 & n 9 ! eyes ( ^? ba!rs :o may be recl9+ ^u ! c\*es4 ,?r\gh\t ! ba?1 9 ei!r natural or artificial light+1 by w9d[s or lamps1 x %\ld be ! aim n to ?r[ /rong light 9 ! eyes ( ! ba!r--a pr9ciple ( univ]sal application1 b especially to be reg>d$ 9 a place :]e1 m (t5 ?an n1 ! occupants ( ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts are recl9+1 face upw>ds1 on b5*es or c\*es4 ,9 ! hot rooms1 z 9 ! cool+ room1 little g5]al illum9ation is requir$4 ,a bright artificial light 9 su* places seems especially pa9ful to ! eyes4 ,:at light1 !re=e1 may be provid$ 9 ! sudatory *amb]s1 %\ld be z diffus$ z possible1 ! additional lights = ! few :o practise read+ 9 ^! ap>tm5ts be+ s arrang$ z n to be objectionable to ! majority ( ba!rs4 ,! lights %\ld be %ad$ s z to ?r[ _! rays d[nw>ds 9 a v small compass4 ,consid]ably m light is requir$ 9 ! lavatoria & %ampoo+ rooms4 ,9 s*em+ ! plan ( ba? rooms 9 a basem5t1 :]e daylight c only be obta9$ at "o po9t1 x is desirable1 if practicable1 to arrange ! %ampoo+ room s t x may enjoy ! b5efit ( ?is light4 ,= effect1 ! scale ( light+ 9 ! ba? rooms may be a r d>k laconicum1 & a gradually-increas$ am\nt ( light f !nce to ! %ampoo+ room4 ,! plunge-ba? *amb] %\ld be well light$1 b n above ! tone ( ! frigid>ium1 or ! ba!r w feel to be go+ f *e]fulness to comp>ative gloom1 :i* w\ld be unpleasant4 ,a bright1 w>m light %\ld be t 9 ! plunge-ba? *amb]1 ) p]haps an ornam5tal lamp ov] ! ba? itself2 & if ! int]m$i>y /aircase--%\ld !re be su* a feature--be light$ on a l[] scale1 ! effect on ent]+ ! frigid>ium w be a *e]ful "o4 ,,decorat+4 ,"u ?is head+1 ,i w\ld speak ( ! means ( obta9+ effect 9 a ba?1 ( ! mat]ials to be employ$1 & ( ! design ( features--( ! effect ( ! :ole & ! proportions ( its p>ts1 r ?an ( any?+ imply+ ! lay+ on ( s-call$ ornam5t4 ,! ar*itecture ( a ba? is int]ior ar*itecture z di/9ct f t involv+ ext]nal "w4 ,mu* ( ?is1 moreov]1 c (t5 only be se5 by artificial light4 ,^! two re/rictions po9t to ! employm5t1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( surface decoration1 r ?an ( modell+--( tiles1 mosaics1 m>bles1 9 place ( m\ld+s1 cornices1 & pila/]s4 ,!re are ?ree features ( ! ba? t are fit subjects = h&some design+1 & !y are ! frigid>ium1 ! tepid>ium1 & ! plunge ba?4 ,!re is an excuse = elaborat+ ! fir/ two1 9 t ^! are ! ap>tm5ts 9 :i* ! ba!r rema9s ! longe/ "t2 & z = ! plunge1 x is 9 itself an object capable ( giv+ a v pleas+ effect4 ,ov]-elaboration--9 respect to add$ ornam5t--9 ! hot rooms1 h[ev]1 gives an air ( incongruity4 ,simplicity1 ) good proportions1 seems "h ! mo/ pleas+4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! hot rooms %\ld be light1 a /atem5t :i* is :olly 9 h>mony ) :at ,i h said on _! light+1 ?\gh x may n at fir/ sight appe> to be s4 ,! tone ( ! ceil+s & walls & floors %\ld be light1 ! d>ke/ portions be+ a dado4 ,a g5]ally d>k & heavy tone ( col\r+ is v oppressive 9 a sudatory *amb]4 ,keep !m light3 light ceil+s ( pla/] = *eap ba?s1 & ( lightly decorat$1 l>ge1 ?9 tiles1 or lightly-t9t$ enamell$ iron1 = m exp5sive e/abli%m5ts2 light walls ( :ite1 ivory1 cream1 or buff glaz$ bricks1 )\t />tl+ b&s ( a vulg>1 z di/9ct f a really bold1 contra/2 & mosaic floors ( a light fill+-9 & n too d>k patt]n4 ,! ris]s to m>ble-topp$ b5*es may be ( ano!r tone1 b n too d>k2 &1 9 place ( a dado ( b>e glaz$ bricks1 x is p]haps be/ to /ret* ,indian matt+ to keep ! ba!r f ! burn+ wall1 z at ,fig4 #bj4 ,?is w necessitate fillets affix$ to plugs 9 ! brickwork4 ,woodwork looks be/ d>k & poli%$1 af=d+ an agreeable contra/ to ! light] mat]ials4 ,bright po9ts ( col\r may be obta9$ by /a9$ glass 9 ceil+-lights or w9d[s1 & at night by col\r$ glass %ades ov] lamps1 c4 ,! use ( iron joi/s ) glaz$ brick ar*es betwe5 is n to be recomm5d$ = ! ceil+s ( ! hot rooms4 ,to say ! lea/1 x is a heavy-look+ arrangem5t4 ,enamell$ iron may be made to look v well if affix$ 9 %eets ( delicate t9t ) light patt]ns1 & affix$ ) buttons ) enamell$ heads to ! firepro( floors1 z at ,fig4 #ah4 ,l>ge ?9 tiles make an admirable ceil+ = small ba?s4 ,!y may be fix$ ) ornam5tal wood fillets1 or made ) screw-holes & affix$ to ceil+ joi/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,section & ,plan ( an ,enamell$ ,iron ,ceil+4 ,glaz$ brickwork = ! walls ( hot rooms1 c41 %\ld be specifi$ to be execut$ ) an extra neat jo9t1 & %\ld bond to less ?an #ab 94 to ! foot2 o!rwise ! effect ( ! unwieldy mort> jo9ts is clumsy4 ,?is applies equally to wall+ & to ar*es & vaults4 ,"w :i* may pass z fair 9 ord9>y cases1 looks co>se & r\gh 9 ! glaz$ int]ior walls ( a ba?4 ,9 select+ glaz$ bricks !re is "s difficulty 9 obta9+ really delicate t9ts2 mu* ( ! "w produc$ is un=tunately ( a v crude col\r+4 ,"o portion ( ! tepid>ium1 & o!r ba? rooms1 admits ( be+ r5d]$ v attractive2 & t is ! floor+4 ,mosaic "w is always pleas+1 if x be design$ ) ta/e & execut$ arti/ically4 ,m>ble & tile mosaics are bo? good1 ! =m] admitt+ ( a ri*ness ( effect q its own1 & ! latt] ( brilliant col\r+4 ,9 design+ m>ble-mosaic floors1 h[ev]1 "o may well fight %y ( includ+ t s5seless1 purposeless description :i* is n[adays s (t5 employ$ z a fill+-9 betwe5 bord]s4 ,i ref] to ! het]og5e\s jumble ( e col\r mix$ )\t reg>d to "o ano!r1 & giv+ at a di/ance a dirty grey tone1 & ne> at h& an effect l a gravel walk cov]$ ) fad$ *]ry-blossom--to be flatt]+4 ,despite ! fact t ?is me?od ( design is ( antique orig91 & has a real classical designation1 ,i _c b ?9k t x is to be avoid$1 & t fill+s-9 %\ld be made ) tess] ( "o t9t1 or t mosaic %\ld be ab&on$ altoge!r4 ,giv5 ! means1 x is easy to r5d] a set ( ba? rooms elaborate1 ) faence & modell$ glaz$ w>e1 m>bles & pa9t$ encau/ic tiles1 & _m o!r suitable b exp5sive mat]ials2 b = my own "p ,i pref] to see comp>ative simplicity 9 a sudatory *amb]1 ?\gh by ?is ,i d n mean mona/ic sev]ity ( /yle4 ,! g5]al air ( ! frigid>ium requires "s consid]ation4 ,x %\ld h an effect ( its own1 q di/9ct f any?+ else4 ,x %\ld h some?+ ( ! cons]vatory 9 x4 ,x %\ld be ri*ly c>pet$1 h mu* woodwork ab\t x1 & be pleasant ) plants & lad5 ) ! murmur ( fall+ wat]s4 ,x %\ld be light1 c]ta9ly2 *e]ful1 cool1 & airy look+2 & z l(ty z possible )9 reason & common s5se4 ,! ceil+ %\ld be ( a light tone4 ,a lant]n-light :]e ! light may come 91 r ?an be se51 & :]e ! vitiat$ air may g out1 is a pleasant & useful addition4 ,po9ts = emphasis+ ) a view to ultimate effect are ! /airs to hot rooms--if a /aircase be ne$$--! divans or scre5s = c\*es1 & an ornam5tal f\nta9 z above describ$4 ,! /aircase may be r5d]$ attractive ) b[l newels1 & p]haps :ite m>ble treads to ! /airs4 ,! divans may be r5d]$ ?+s ( beauty by design+ ornam5tal1 op5-"w wood p>titions1 9 ei!r an ,ori5tal /yle or o!rwise4 ,x is n easy to make small dw>f p>titions1 enclos+ a c\ple ( c\*es1 look h&some4 ,z a rule1 !y are ( a flimsy & gimcrack ord] ( ar*itecture4 ,!y %\ld be made z solid z possible4 ,= effect !re is no?+ bett] ?an prettily-design$ divans4 ,z reg>ds /yle1 ,i d n see :y "o me?od ( design %\ld be m suit$ ?an ano!r = ! ba?4 ,hav+ become popul>ly kn[n z ! ,turki% ba?1 an ,ea/]n or ,s>ac5ic /yle has be5 (t5 adopt$ 9 ! pa/4 ,&1 inasmu* z su* /yle is ess5tially an int]ior /yle ( ar*itecture1 !re is some?+ to be said on ?is score4 ,x is1 moreov]1 a /yle 9 :i* surface decoration p]ta9s r ?an modell$ "w1 or1 at lea/1 ! modell+ is 9 v l[ relief4 ,!re is yet ample scope = ! display ( skill 9 ! design ( a ba? 9 an ,ori5tal /yle1 z hi!rto su* attempts h only be5 made 9 a half-he>t$ mann]2 & 9 _m small] comm]cial ba?s ! unskilful use ( ! /yle has vulg>is$ x to no small ext5t4#c ,consid]+ t ! old ,romans br\ght ! ba? to a great pit* ( excell5ce--f>1 v f>1 ,i %\ld be incl9$ to say1 9 advance ( our pres5t k ( ! subject--_! /yle ( ar*itecture w\ld seem fitt$ to its design at ?is day2 & = l>ge public ba?s1 l>g] ?an any yet erect$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 "o c imag9e t a v int]e/+ design c\ld be made 9 ! ,roman /yle1 f\nd$ on a /udy ( ! old ba?s1 &1 = ! sake ( ! int]e/ atta*+ to !m1 reproduc+ _m ( ! orig9al mosaics1 pictures1 details1 c41 ( ! public ba?s ( ! "t ( ! ,empire4 ,9 a l mann] 9 ! ,moori% /yle "o c\ld obta9 a v elegant effect by a c>eful /udy ( old ba?s 9 ,ea/]n c\ntries1#d draw+1 p]haps1 "s inspiration f ! c\rts ( ! palaces ( ! ,moors1 ) _! pleasant retir$ air1 = ! frigid>ium4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght1 :5 look+ at ! late ,ow5 ,jones' spl5did model at ! ,cry/al ,palace1 :at an admirable frigid>ium ! ,c\rt ( ! ,lions w\ld make1 ) its spaci\s c5tral area1 & retir$ nooks suitable = c\*es1 & its pretty sp>kl+ f\nta9 & gre5 plants1 its brilliant col\r+1 & g5]al *e]fulness ( effect4 ,simil>ly1 9 a ,roman /yle1 a ,pompeian c\rt seems sugge/ive ( ! arrangem5t ( a f9e frigid>ium1 ) its cubicula = c\*es1 & its c5tral area & f\nta94 ,! above are b !oretical sugge/ions z to :at might be done %\ld ! ba? make su* progress 9 ?is c\ntry z may necessitate ! provision ( h&some public ba?s = ! p4 ,9 ev]yday practice !re is n a great field = elaborate design+ 9 ba?s4 ,al?\gh only ! ,roman & ,ea/]n /yles h be5 m5tion$1 !re c be no mann] ( reason :y an ar*itect %\ld n design 8 ba? 9 :atsoev] /yle he may please4 ,i h spok5 ( ! plunge ba? z a feature capable ( be+ r5d]$ a ?+ ( beauty4 ,?is is 9 ref]5ce z mu* to its plan z to ! mat]ials ( ! sides & floor1 c4 ,!re is no reason :y a plunge %\ld always be a pla9 oblong on plan4 ,x may be ( any ( ! %apes indicat$ at ,fig4 #ai4 ,_m ba!rs1 especially 9 w>m wea!r1 l to /ay "s m9utes 9 ! plunge1 & n g /raight ?r\gh2 !y may l to swim up & d[n ! ba?1 & ?us require room to turn1 & a keyhole plan1 su* z at ,a1 is suitable1 & especially useful :]e ! ba!r has to return to ! end ( ba? he ent]$4 ,ano!r %ape is %[n at ,b4 ,9 ladies' ba?s /ill m m>g9 = novel plann+ is all[able1 z "h ! true dive seldom p]ta9s4 ,a delicate semi-oval plan1 su* z t at ,d1 :i* is mu* aft] ! patt]n ( ! ,roman ba? rec5tly discov]$ at ,box1 c\ld be employ$2 or a pla91 circul> ba? ) /eps ar\nd1 su* z t ( ! ,pompeian ,balneum1 %[n at ,c2 or1 aga91 su* a plan z t at ,e1 aft] ! classic "o at ,bognor 9 ,sussex4 ,= inspirations z to ! plans ( plunge ba?s1 we _c d bett] ?an ref] direct to ! old ,roman rema9s1 ei!r 9 ,italy itself1 or 9 ,great ,brita9 & o!r prov9ces & colonial dep5d5cies ( ! old ,empire4 ,! ,romans 7 fully alive to ! possibilities ( ! plunge ba? z a subject = arti/ic design1 & (t5 produc$ ba?s ( great beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,plans ( ,plunge ,ba?s4 ,! floor+ & sides ( ^! ba?s %\ld be ( a light t9t1 & !re %\ld always be m or less pure :ite4 ,no?+ really is bett] ?an pla9 :ite glaz$ bricks1 ) neat jo9ts4 ,) ?is bottom ! wat] always looks clean :5 x is clean1 & %[s contam9ation :5 x exi/s4 ,m>ble-mosaic floor+s %\ld be *iefly ( :ite tess]1 any simple patt]ns be+ execut$ 9 light t9ts4 ,delicate t9ts1 su* z /rawb]ry1 pea gre51 & peacock blue1 look well ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,! floor ( ! plunge ba? may ?us be made v pretty4 ,! sides are be/ ( glaz$ brickwork1 neatly execut$1 & cop+ & treads ( /eps ( s-call$ :ite m>ble4 ,,furni%+4 ,! "w ( ! uphol/]] 9 fitt+ up a ,turki% ba? comprises ! complete furni%+ ( ! cool+ room ) c\*es1 l\nges1 ottomans1 c>pets1 mats1 & any *airs & tables t may be requir$1 besides ! usual furniture common to all rooms4 ,9 ! sudatory *amb]s may be requir$ easy *airs ( peculi> con/ruction1 ) /ret*$ canvas seats2 9 "s cases movable wood5 b5*es 9 lieu ( fix$ m>ble-topp$ ones2 & any c>pet+1 matt+1 felt = b5*es1 curta9s 7if any71 & ,indian matt+ = dadoes4 ,^! are ! pr9cipal requirem5ts t ne$ consid]ation1 ! rema9+ furni%+ ( subord9ate ap>tm5ts be+1 ( c\rse1 ( commonplace & ord9>y description4 ,! refre%m5t dep>tm5t requires possibly a c(fee-mak]1 refrig]ator1 ice-box1 & %elf fitt+s2 b1 z a g5]al rule1 no arrangem5ts = actual cook+4 ,! cool+ room c\*es are usually made #f ft4 by #b ft42 b #f ft4 #f 94 by #b ft4 #f 94 is a m lib]al all[ance4 ,!y %\ld be made ( poli%$ wood1 /rongly fram$1 /uff$ ) horsehair & cov]$ ) a r$ ,turkey twill1 z at ,a1 ,fig4 #ba4 ,:]e divans are adopt$1 on ! ,ea/]n model1 ! b5*es mu/ be fram$ ( wood1 p]man5tly fix$1 & cov]$ ) mattresses kept 9 _! places by a wood5 fillet1 z ,fig4 #bj4 ,above ! c\* ?us =m$ x is well to /ret* a dado ( ,indian matt+1 affix$ above to a m\ld$ rail4 ,! c>pets employ$ 9 ! cool+ room %\ld be s(t to ! tread4 ,no?+1 ( c\rse1 equals a ,p]sian or ,turkey c>pet1 & "o or ! o!r %\ld be provid$ :5 _! co/ c be af=d$4 ,a ri* c>pet adds greatly to ! effect ( ! room4 ,9 cases :]e a poli%$ wood floor is adopt$ & %[n1 s(t durable matt+ or /rips ( c>pet mu/ be plac$ along any r\tes1 su* z f & to ! hot rooms & ! boot-room1 by ! sides ( c\*es1 to l\nges & tables1 c4--any:]e1 9 fact1 :]e ! ba!r may require to tread4 ,any?+ 9 ! nature ( fa/5+s likely1 by any possibility1 to injure ! feet1 mu/ be c>efully avoid$4 ,a table or two = books1 pap]s1 magaz9es1 c41 %\ld be provid$ 9 ! cool+ room4 ,! provision ( l\nges1 c41 mu/ dep5d ^u ! design ( ! room1 & :e!r nooks or angles are available = _! accommodation4 ,little wood5 or metal tripod tables mu/ be plac$ by ! heads ( ! c\*es 7,fig4 #ba1 ,b74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,section ( ,b5*es 9 ,hot ,rooms & 9 ,cool+ ,room ,divans4 ,! *airs 9 ! hot rooms mu/ be design$ ^u "s su* l9es z at ,c & ,d1 :]eat are %[n an iron1 & a wood51 fram$ *air4 ,bee*5 frames are be/1 & ! seat =m$ ( r closely-wov5 canvas fix$ at top & bottom & hang+ 9 a curve4 ,a few ( ^! seats %\ld always be provid$ 9 ! hot rooms4 ,movable wood5 b5*es are con/ruct$ ( bee*1 oak1 or well-season$ yell[ deal1 z at ,e4 ,! head end is be/ rais$ z %[n4 ,v c>efully-season$ wood %\ld be employ$1 = all jo9]y purposes1 9 ! hot rooms4 ,9 ! boot room1 ! pigeon-holes mu/ n be =gott51 & a cu%ion$ seat1 p]haps1 = tak+ (f boots & %oes4 ,a %elf or %elves = l95 *ecks is useful 9 ?is position4 ,sometimes ! floor ( ! calid>ium is c>pet$ all ov]1 b /rips ( matt+ or c>pet are bett]4 ,! hot laconicum is be/ c>pet$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! tepid>ium %\ld h /rips ( c>pet :]e ! ba!rs mu/ necess>ily tread4 ,9 "s ba?s x is ! cu/om to provide1 in/ead ( c>pet1 felt s&als = use 9 ! hot rooms4 ,= simil> reasons to ! c>pet+--! non-conduction ( heat--f9e :ite felt+ is sometimes plac$ 9 /rips along ! m>ble b5*es1 z at ,fig4 #bj4 ,( ! ,indian matt+ = a portion ( ! walls above ! b5*es1 ,i h already spok54 ,9 ! %ampoo+ rooms1 little blocks ( wood %ap$ z at ,e1 ,fig4 #e1 are requir$ z head-re/s4 ,!y %\ld be ab\t #ab by #e by #d 941 & holl[$ to fit ! head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,furniture ( a ,turki% ,ba?4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #c3 ,i d n "k ( any build+--ba? or o!rwise1 civil or dome/ic--9 ?is c\ntry :]e ! true _s ( ,ori5tal col\r decoration has be5 grasp$4 ,"o ( ! *ief pr9ciples :i* seems to h be5 miss$ is t 9 real ,s>ac5ic art ! col\rs are employ$ 9 v small portions only1 & no col\r becomes insubord9ate to ! g5]al effect4 ,footnote #d3 ,"h is a bran* ( ar*itectural design absolutely un/udi$4 ,few ar*itects visit ! ,ea/1 & none ent] ! ba?s !re1 ei!r 9 ,egypt1 ,turkey1 or ,morocco4 ,! ordeal ( ! true ,ori5tal %ampoo+ d\btless det]s ! few :o might be curi\s ab\t ^! build+s4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,private ,,ba?s4 ,! ,turki% ba? 9 ! h\se may be design$ on any scale1 f a s+le room heat$ to ! requir$ temp]ature by a common laundry /ove1 to an elaborate suite ( ap>tm5ts1 provid+ all t is f\nd 9 ! public ba?1 & ev5 add$ luxuries4 ,x may be an addition to an exi/+ build+ or a feature design$ at "o & ! same "t z ! h\se4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 _m exp$i5ts = produc+ p]spiration by heat$ air mu* simpl] ?an by ! special con/ruction ( a suite ( ba? rooms2 b z !y w be famili> to all /udy+ ! subject ( ba?s1 ,i w pass !m ov] "h z m]e make%ifts4 ,= al?\gh !re is some?+ to be said 9 _! fav\r1 9 t ! head is free & "o c brea! cool] air1 !re are s]i\s objections to _! use1 z ! lamps employ$ burn ! air1 & !re is also an abs5ce ( t rapid arial circulation :i* is s mu* to be desir$4 ,besides ! actual objections to _! use1 m or less inconv5i5ce att5ds ! employm5t ( ! %eet & lamp 7or cab9et & lamp7 ba?s1 & !re is little ( ! luxury ( a true sudatorium ab\t ! extemporis$ ba?1 admirable z x may be z a hydropa?ic exp$i5t4 ,! ba? 9 ! h\se may consi/ ( "o ( ! foll[+ arrangem5ts3--7#a7 ,a s+le room us$ z a sudatory *amb] & = wa%+2 7#b7 a hot room & a wa%+ room2 7#c7 a comb9$ hot room & wa%+ room1 & a cool+ room2 7#d7 a cool+ room1 wa%+ room1 & hot room2 or 7#e7 a suite ( *amb]s ( su* ext5t z to provide e possible luxury1 su* z ev5 ! old ,roman g5tlem5 w\ld h covet$4 ,:]e !re is no second room ! ba!r mu/ use 8 b$ room z a cool+ & repos+ room1 z he mu/ also 9 ! cases :]e only a wa%+ room & a hot room are provid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,plan ( ,mr4 ,urquh>t's ,small ,private ,ba? & ( ! ,hot ,room at ,sir ,erasmus ,wilson's ,ba? at ,ri*mond ,hill4 ,= a simple sudatory *amb]1 :]e wa%+ op]ations are also conduct$1 all t is requir$ is a room ) brick walls & fire- & heat-pro( floor & ceil+1 ) an adjo9+ lobby1 a flue to conduct smoke f a simple /ove1 & a sunk wa%+ tank or lavatr9a4 ,all[ance mu/ be made = a c\* opposite ! /ove4 ,fig4 #bb 7,a7 %[s ! simple/ =m ( a ba? room possible2 x is t :i* ,mr4 ,urquh>t con/ruct$1 & has describ$ 9 8 ',manual ( ! ,turki% ,ba?4' ,x 0 erect$ by him to %[ h[ *eaply an effective ba? room might be built1 ! :ole arrangem5t1 ) wat] fitt+s & build+ ( ?ree ( its walls1 only co/+ #cgl4 ,! room or rooms =m+ ! ,turki% ba? 9 a private h\se %\ld be cut (f by a lobby f ! o!r ap>tm5ts ( ! h\se1 ) c>efully-fitt+ self-clos+ doors at ei!r end2 & 9 ! case ( an elaborate ba?1 ano!r little lobby ) d\ble doors & heavy curta9s1 %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ! cool+ room & ! two ba?+ rooms1 z at ,fig4 #bd4 ,! air ( ! hot rooms %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be p]fectly & absolutely cut (f f t ( ! h\se4 ,! position ( ! ba? 9 a h\se w dep5d ^u ! size ( ! ba? & ! h\se & its situation4 ,9 t[n h\ses1 :]e ! ba? consi/s ( only a wa%+ & a hot room1 ! fir/ floor w be ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,:]e a cool+ room is provid$1 ! gr\nd floor is z h&y z any:]e2 & ?is position all[s ( ! easi] con/ruction ( ! heat+ app>atus4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 ! ba? is be/ built away f ! h\se1 connect$ by a %ort lobby1 :i* may be utilis$ = boots1 c41 z at ,fig4 #bd4 ,! ma9 difficulties to be ov]come are ! heat+ ( ! ba?1 & ! non-conduction ( heat to places :]e x is n want$4 ,! heat+ app>atus ( a private ba? may be1 = ! simple/1 a common laundry /ove1 z at ,fig4 #bb 7,a7 & at ,fig4 #bc2 = bigg] ba?s1 a small convolut$ /ove1 z at ,fig4 #bd2 or a furnace ( firebrick ) an iron flue1 z at ,b1 ,fig4 #bb--;a plan ( ! hot room 7#ae ft4 by #ab ft47 ( ! ba? :i* ,sir ,erasmus ,wilson built at ,ri*mond ,hill4 ,= elaborate ba?s1 a small furnace :olly con/ruct$ ( fireclay1 su* z t ( :i* ,i h giv5 complete plans 9 ! *apt] on ,heat+ & ,v5tilation1 w\ld be ! be/4 ,a furnace ( ?is description is %[n 9 ! design = an elaborate private ba?1 at ,fig4 #be4 ,%\ld ! ba? be heat$ regul>ly e day1 a firebrick furnace is c]ta9ly ! be/1 z su* furnaces reta9 _! heat a long "t4 ,x %\ld be bank$ at night4 ,a ba? only requir$ at times1 & quickly1 is be/ heat$ ) a ?9 iron /ove4 ,a portable iron /ove & a long l5g? ( iron flue w rapidly raise ! temp]ature4 ,! simple ba?s illu/rat$ at ,figs4 #bb 7,a7 & #bc1 are !re=e v conv5i5t & effective4 ,! pr9ciple ( heat+ by ! transmission to ! hot rooms ( fre%ly-heat$ air is also a v conv5i5t "o = private purposes1 z on ?is sy/em ! ba? may be on an upp] floor1 & yet h its heat+ app>atus conv5i5tly /[$ away bel[1 z at ,fig4 #bd4 ,a small furnace *amb]1 su* z t at ,fig4 #f1 ante1 mu/ be con/ruct$1 & a hot-air flue ( l>ge section built up to ! hot room4 ,if ! ba? be on ! gr\nd floor1 ! con/ruction ( any =m ( heat+ app>atus is r5d]$ easi]4 ,to prev5t ! transmission ( heat to o!r ap>tm5ts ( ! h\se1 ! precautions h]e9be=e m5tion$ mu/ be obs]v$4 ,holl[ walls mu/ be provid$ r\nd ! heat$ *amb]s1 to prev5t loss ( heat on ! ext]nal side1 & ! transmission ( heat ?r\gh int]nal walls4 ,! floors above & bel[ %\ld--if n ( solid firepro( con/ruction--be =m$ z describ$ 9 ! section deal+ ) ! design ( ! sudorific *amb]s1 ) pugg+s ( slag-wool1 asbe/os1 sawdu/1 or mat]ials hav+ simil> prop]ties4 ,w9d[s %\ld be d\ble4 ,:]ev] possible1 concrete floors %\ld be provid$ to ! hot rooms & wa%+ rooms1 s t !y may be cov]$ ) tiles or mosaics1 & on acc\nt ( ! spill+ ( wat]4 ,x %\ld be ne$less to po9t out ! necessity ( hav+ mo/ c>eful reg>d to safety f fire by ! /oves or furnaces4 ,! v5tilation ( private ba?s %\ld receive z mu* c>eful att5tion z ^? = public use4 ,! holl[ ext]nal walls may (t5 be us$ ) advantage = ! extraction ( ! vitiat$ air1 :i* mu/ be let into ! cavity at ! floor level4 ,if ! ba? be con/ruct$ on ! gr\nd floor1 ) no?+ b5ea?1 ! sy/em ( c>ry+ (f ! vitiat$ air by horizontal conduits--recomm5d$ = public ba?s--%\ld be employ$1 z 9 ! accompany+ design = a l>ge private ba?1 :]e ! :ole ( ! f\l air is drawn into "o v]tical %aft ( suffici5tly wide section4 ,mu* t ,i h said on ! heat+ & v5tilation1 &1 inde$1 on _m matt]s 9 connection ) ! design ( public ba?s1 applies 9 ! case ( ! private "o1 & ! read] is !re=e ref]r$ to prec$+ pages = _m h9ts z to its con/ruction4 ,9 ! accompany+ figures ,i h endeav\r$ to expla9 ! arrangem5t & con/ruction ( private ba?s1 f ^? =m$ by conv]t+ exi/+ rooms into ba? rooms1 to an elaborate & complete design4 ,fig4 #bb 7,a7 is a plan ( ,mr4 ,urquh>t's *eap private ba?1 an ap>tm5t only measur+ #aa ft4 by #af ft41 yet =m+ an effective sudatory *amb]1 ) simple iron /ove1 c\*1 seat1 & sunk tank or lavatr9a4 ,on ?is pr9ciple ,i h arrang$ ! plans ( ! ba?s adapt$ to exi/+ rooms 9 a h\se1 %[n at ,fig4 #bc4 ,"o plan %[s a hot room built on to an exi/+ ord9>y ba? room4 ,a doorway is =m$ 9 ! old ext]nal wall1 & ! new *amb] con/ruct$ ) holl[ walls1 ) glaz$ bricks int]nally4 ,an extra room w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be ?us =m$ on ! floor bel[4 ,a firepro( floor w\ld be provid$1 & ! pipes f iron /ove conduct$ to old fireplace 9 ba? room1 :i* w\ld become ! lavatorium1 & undress+ room if necess>y4 ,a d\ble-door$ lobby is =m$ 9 ! latt] ap>tm5t1 & ! slipp] ba? us$ z ord9>ily4 ,x w be se5 t by appropriat+ ! adjo9+ b$ room1 a frigid>ium is obta9$1 by tak+ away ! flue-pipe to a new *imney1 & knock+ a doorway ?r\gh ! old p>tition wall1 ?us mak+ a complete set ( ba? rooms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,me?ods ( con/ruct+ ,turki% ,ba?s 9 exi/+ ,h\ses4 ,! o!r plan1 giv5 at ,fig4 #bc1 %[s an exi/+ room divid$ into a comb9$ hot room & wa%+ room1 & a cool+ room4 ,?ree ( ! walls be+ ord9>y ext]nal walls1 ! hot room is l9$ ) la? & pla/] on qu>t]+1 leav+ an air-space betwe5 to prev5t loss ( heat by absorption & radiation4 ,"o or two ( ! spaces betwe5 ! qu>t]s %\ld be =m$ into la? & pla/] flues1 = ! )drawal ( ! vitiat$ air1 be+ connect$ bel[ ) ! hot room1 & above lead into ! op5 air4 ,a pugg$ p>tition & d\ble-door$ lobby sep>ate ! rooms4 ,space is left 9 ! hot room = a full-l5g? c\* opposite ! radiat+ /ove1 :i* has a metal scre5 ar\nd to protect ! m adjac5t walls f ! heat4 ,a lavatr9a is provid$1 z %[n at ! enl>g$ section4 ,a nook is =m$ = a %[]4 ,?is recess c\ld be fitt$ ) enamell$ iron scre5 & hood1 z at ! end ( elaborate slipp]-ba?s4 ,a c\ple ( c\*es1 lavatory1 & toilet table are compactly arrang$ 9 ! little frigid>ium4 ,:]e ^! pla9 iron radiat+ /oves are employ$1 ! fre% air %\ld be admitt$ z ne> ! /ove z possible1 & if ! inlet be connect$ ) a space =m$ r\nd ! /ove by a %eet-iron jacket1 ! air w ent] ! room at a consid]ably rais$ temp]ature4 ,! temp]ature ( ! incom+ air 9 a ba? :]e ! heat radiates directly f ! /ove or furnace to ! body ( ! ba!r1 is n a matt] ( su* vital importance z x is 9 cases :]e ! heat is transmitt$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! air itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,a complete ,private ,turki% ,ba?4 ,co/ ( con/ruction be+ n[ s con/ant a factor 9 e consid]ation1 ,i h be5 l$ to give ! above plans & descriptions ( *eaply-=m$ ba?s z sugge/ions = ! adaptation ( o!r rooms4 ,b plans ( m elaborate ba?s are occasionally requir$1 & at ,fig4 #bd ,i give ! plan & cross section ( a ba? con/ruct$ z an app5dage to1 & at "o & ! same "t z1 ! h\se4 ,9 ?is plan all necess>ies are lib]ally provid$ =1 b !re is no extravagant outlay on elaboration ( features & decoration4 ,x is arrang$ on ! fir/ floor ( a project+ w+ (f ! ma9 build+4 ,! frigid>ium is cut (f f ! corridor or l&+ ( ! h\se by a lobby1 :i* provides a w4c4 & a space = boots & %oes & l95 & t[els4 ,betwe5 ! frigid>ium & ba? rooms is a d\ble-door$ lobby ( a k9d t is v useful 9 bo? public & private ba?s4 ,hung ) heavy curta9s ov] ! inn] face ( ei!r door1 x =ms a p]fect prev5tive aga9/ ! entry ( ! air ( ! hot rooms into ! cool+ room4 ,betwe5 ! comb9$ tepid>ium & lavatorium & ! laconicum is a glaz$ p>tition ) a doorway1 fitt$ ) a curta9 if necess>y4 ,! walls are #ah 94--#i 94 & #d-a_/b 941 ) #d-a_/b 94 cavity1 us$ = v5tilation4 ,! ba? rooms are l9$ ) glaz$ brickwork4 ,! floor is ( firepro(1 iron & concrete1 con/ruction4 ,enamell$ iron %eets are screw$ to ! ceil+ joi/s 9 ! hot rooms1 & pugg+ plac$ ov]4 ,"u ! laconicum is ! /ok]y & furnace *amb]1 fitt$ ) a small convolut$ /ove1 a hot-air %aft lead+ to ! ba? room4 ,fre% air comes to ! /ove by horizontal flues f ei!r side ( ! build+4 ,! w9d[s 9 ! ba? rooms are d\ble4 ,9 ! laconicum are two felt-cov]$ wood5 b5*es1 z at ,fig4 #ba 7,e71 ante1 & a simil> b5* occupies "o side ( lavatorium1 opposite :i* is ! lavatr9a1 #ah 94 deep1 p>tly sunk into ! floor & p>tly rais$4 ,! %[] %\ld be plac$ ov] ?is4 ,9 ! frigid>ium are two c\*es1 hooks = clo!s1 lavatory1 & toilet tables1 c4 ,?is w\ld be a v effective plan = a com=table private ba?4 ,! ord9>y slipp]1 l5g?1 or %all[ ba? is out ( place 9 ! rooms ( a ,turki% ba?2 b :]e ! ba? has to be adapt$ ) economy to an exi/+ ba? room1 z at ,fig4 #bc1 & 9 cases :]e1 say1 "s memb]s ( a family take ! ,turki% ba? & o!rs ! ord9>y w>m ba?1 x may rema9 z at ! la/-nam$ figure1 & s]ve ! purposes ( a lavatr9a4 ,! lavatr9a1 z design$ 9 ! plan ( ! l>ge ,turki% ba? app5d$1 h[ev]1 is ! mo/ conv5i5t app>atus to facilitate ! or?odox me?od ( la!r+ & wa%+ oneself 9 ?is /yle ( ba?+1 z di/9ct f ! ord9>y me?od ( imm]sion 9 a l>ge body ( wat]2 & z ! =m] mann] is ! mo/ economical ( wat]1 x is unnecess>y1 9 provid+ a ,turki% ba? 9 a h\se1 to make any increas$ provision = ! supply ( hot & cold wat] ov] & above t :i* w\ld be all[$ = an ord9>y slipp]-ba?4 ,9 a private ba? ! lavatorium w also s]ve ! purpose ( a tepid>ium4 ,?is *amb] %\ld !re=e be z l>ge z possible4 ,9 x may be requir$ a %ampoo+ slab1 &1 possibly1 a small plunge ba?1 9 addition to ! lavatr9a1 recl9+-b5*1 & :at wat] fitt+s are to be provid$4 ,all t w be requir$ are hot & cold wat] taps ov] ! edge ( ! lavatr9a1 :i* %\ld also h a wa/e & ov]fl[4 ,hav+ to be work$ by ! ba!r himself1 ! %[] arrangem5t %\ld be su* z %[n at ,fig4 #ag1 ante4 ,?is w s]ve all purposes1 unless a d\*e & a ne$le are desir$1 :5 ! regulat+ valve ( ?is appliance mu/ be plac$ conv5i5tly )9 ! ba!r's rea* :ile /&+ 9 ! ba?4 ,! private ba!r1 unless he c af=d to engage a ba?-man1 mu/ look ^u %ampoo+ z a luxury b n a necessity ( ! ba?4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,flem+1 9 a lecture on ! ,physiology ( ,turki% ,ba?s1 read be=e ! ,glasg[ ,physiological ,society "s ye>s back1 said t ! accessories ( %ampoo+1 c41 are1 despite ! popul> op9ion to ! contr>y1 non-ess5tial4 ,a %ampoo+ slab--:i* mu/ be ( m>ble--is !re=e n a necess>y provision 9 any b v elaborate private ba?s4 ,a complete private ba? mu/ conta9 ! pisc9a1 or plunge4 ,unless space & exp5se be no object1 ?is _c well be made capable ( af=d+ a vigor\s dive2 b endeav\rs %\ld be made to secure a ba? ( su* dim5sions z w admit ( a refre%+ imm]sion ( ! :ole body4 ,x w be con/ruct$ & fitt$ exactly z a small public plunge ba?4 ,! frigid>ium ( a private ba? %\ld be z pleasant1 *e]ful1 & com=table z possible4 ,x %\ld be a cosy place :]e ! ba!r may recl9e & cool1 & smoke & read1 or o!rwise div]t himself to 8 he>t's cont5t4 ,if s pref]r$1 x might be arrang$ l an ,ea/]n divan2 or x might be a simple1 homely room1 fitt$ ) "o or two com=table c\*es4 ,a fireplace may "h be a desirable feature1 = appe>ance sake1 dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,! room %\ld be really v5tilat$--viz4 well suppli$ ) pure1 fre% air1 & ) effective means ( )draw+ ! vitiat$ atmosph]e1 s9ce1 z ,i h po9t$ out 9 ! *apt]s on public ba?s1 ! cool+ process is1 9 its way1 z important z ! heat+1 x be+ ess5tial t ! ba!r %\ld expose ! :ole surface ( 8 sk9 to volumes ( pure cool air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,private ,,turki% ,,ba? ,,longitud9al ,,section4 ,at ,fig4 #be1 pages #acj & #aca1 ,i give plans ( a l>ge private ,turki% ba?4 ,x is su* a build+ z w\ld be a mo/ desirable & pleas+ addition to a c\ntry mansion2 & consid]+ ! money prodigally lavi%$ ov] ! appurt5ances ( ! mod]n mansion h\se1 x is inde$ surpris+ t m has n be5 attempt$ 9 ! way ( app5d+ a feature t is at once a talisman ( heal?1 a cure = disease1 & an untold luxury4 ,! public ba? may be a bless+1 b = com=t & luxury x _c comp>e ) ! well-appo9t$ private ba?4 ,illu/ration3 ,design = a ,private ,turki% ,ba?4 ,! design ,i give z a sugge/ion1 to be modifi$ & adapt$ to any /yle ( design4 ,! build+ c\ld be connect$ to ! h\se by a corridor1 or by a glaz$ xy/os1 ei!r abutt+ on to ! ma9 wall ( h\se or a little deta*$4 ,(f ! lobby to ! frigid>ium are recesses = boots & = l954 ,! frigid>ium--ab\t #ae ft4 squ>e--has b5*es fitt$ up l "o side ( a divan1 bay w9d[s ) space = plants & fl[]s1 lavatory & toilet-table1 & an ornam5tal f\nta94 ,a lobby sep>ates ?is ap>tm5t f ! ba? rooms1 & (f x are a w4c4 & a t[el closet1 :i* latt] c\ld be suppli$ ) hot air4 ,! comb9$ lavatorium & tepid>ium--#ad ft4 squ>e--is a dom$ *amb]1 ) semicircul> recesses conta9+ ! plunge ba? & lavatr9a4 ,a %ampoo+ b5* is %[n4 ,a m>ble dado surr\nds ! walls1 & m>ble corbels are provid$ to p5d5tives ( dome--:i* c\ld be ( brick or t]racotta & concrete--& m>ble spr+]s to horse-%oe ar*es4 ,! %[] is plac$ ov] ! lavatr9a4 ,pl5ty ( space is left = a b5* or *air 9 ?is *amb]4 ,adjo9+ is ! laconicum ) a firebrick furnace1 aft] ! nature ( t ( :i* ,i h be=e giv5 full detail$ draw+s4 ,! vitiat$ air is drawn ?r\gh flues 9 ! floor1 to a %aft on ! opposite side to ! *imney4 ,! /ok]y & coke-/ore adjo9 ! laconicum4 ,fre% air w\ld be admitt$ to ! furnace z expla9$ 9 ! detail$ description ( ! furnace illu/rat$ at ,fig4 #aj4 ,if !re 7 no available supply ( wat] f h\se1 a boil] & tank c\ld be plac$ 9 ! /ok]y1 & a ci/]n on ! flat ro(4 ,! flat ro(1 if ( iron & concrete1 w\ld =m an abutm5t to dome4 ,if ?\ght desirable1 ! same flat ro( c\ld be c>ri$ ov] ! comb9$ tepid>ium & lavatorium4 ,an air space %\ld be left betwe5 ! masonry ( dome & cov]+ ( copp] or o!r mat]ial4 ,! lights %\ld be d\ble glaz$4 ,) ! radiat+ /ove !re is no objection to ! l(t9ess ( ! dome4 ,?is ba? c\ld be p]fectly v5tilat$ & suppli$ ) pure heat ( a mo/ hygi5ic "*4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,ba? ,,9 ,,public ,,& ,,private ,,in/itutions1 ,,etc4 ,! ba? = ! hydropa?ic e/abli%m5t w g5]ally be requir$ 9 connection )1 &--:at is ( great] mom5t--9 h>mony )1 o!r ba?s1 su* z m$icat$ ba?s1 ,russian or vap\r ba?s1 & ! ord9>y d\*e1 wave1 spray1 & ne$le ba?s1 :i*1 :]e ! ,turki% ba? is includ$1 may (t5 be effici5tly adm9i/]$ ) ! appliances usually provid$ 9 ! %ampoo+ & wa%+ room4 ,moreov]1 if ! e/abli%m5t include ! pumilio-p9e treatm5t1 or sy/em ( p9e-!rapeutics1 !re w be requir$ rooms or halls = ! inhalation ( dry p9e & p9al vap\r4 ,! nature ( ! communication betwe5 ^! diff]5t ba?s1 z ! m$icat$1 ,russian1 c41 & ! ,turki% ba?1 & _! relative positions1 mu/ be c>efully /udi$4 ,x %\ld be compact & ! v>i\s passages & corridors z %ort z possible1 ^! passages & corridors be+ provid$ ) means = ma9ta9+ !m at a suitable1 & uni=mly equable1 temp]ature4 ,?is latt] po9t we d n f9d s c>efully /udi$ 9 hydropa?ic e/abli%m5ts z its importance w\ld w>rant4 ,! consequ5ce is t1 9 pass+ backw>ds & =w>ds to & f ! diff]5t ba? rooms1 ! delicate invalid contracts a s]i\s *ill4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,plan ( ! ,ba?s at ! ,htel ,mont ,dore1 ,b\rnem\?4 ,i give h]e)1 at ,fig4 #bf1 a plan ( ! ba?s at ! ,htel ,mont ,dore1 at ,b\rnem\?1 :i*1 ?\gh n confess$ly a hydropa?ic in/itution1 has yet a f9e ba?+ e/abli%m5t ( ! hydropa?ic type1 z well z complete arrangem5ts = ! adm9i/ration ( ! p9e cure4 ,^! ba?s include a ,turki% ba?1 ) ?ree hot rooms1 a %ampoo+ room1 & cool+ room1 connect$ by an ant]oom ) ! suite ( miscellane\s ba? rooms ( ! g5tlem5's dep>tm5t4 ,! latt] comprise a room = ! tonic wat] ba?s1 su* z ! ne$le1 d\*e1 sitz1 hip1 & wave2 a room or hall = ! inhalation ( p9e vap\r1 :il/ 9 a ba? ( cond5s$ /eam2 & a room = ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,mont ,dore cure1 consi/+ ( ! application ( pulv]is$ ,mont ,dore wat]1 or spray1 to ! eye1 nose1 or e>1 z may be requir$1 ?is room be+ also us$ = ! inhalation ( dry p9e4 ,9 addition are a range ( slipp] ba?s1 9 com=tably fitt$ ba? rooms1 = ! purposes ( electric & m$icat$ ba?s1 su* z ^? ( p9e extract1 sulphur1 iod9e1 c41 c41 & = ord9>y hot & cold spr+-wat] & salt-wat] ba?s4 ,9 connection are arrang$ dress+ & repos+ rooms1 besides necess>y subsidi>y ap>tm5ts4 ,a some:at simil> suite ( rooms is arrang$ = ladies on ! o!r side ( ! block4 ,!re is no sep>ate ,turki% ba?1 h[ev]2 c]ta9 days ( ! week are set ap>t exclusively = ladies' use4 ,! /eam boil]s1 :i* supply ! /eam to ! vap\r ba?s & p9e-vap\r ba?s1 & ! wat] sup] heat]s1 z well z ! hotel lift & pump+ ma*9]y1 are arrang$ 9 a basem5t "u ! /airs1 ant]oom1 tepid>ium1 & %ampoo+ room4 ,x w be se5 t ! compact little ,turki% ba?1 :i* 0 arrang$ "u ! direction ( ! late ,mr4 ,*>les ,b>?olomew1 is 9 direct communication ) ! o!r ba?s1 all[+ ! ba!r to pass f ! hot rooms1 or %ampoo+ room1 to m$icat$ or p9e ba?1 or vice v]s4 ,9 design+ ! plan ( ba?s ( ! type ( ^? at ! ,mont ,dore1 ?is int]communication betwe5 ! v>i\s ba?s is ! po9t to be mo/ c>efully /udi$4 ,direct communication is requir$ betwe5 ! ,turki%1 & ! ,russian1 ba?1 inhalation hall1 & m$icat$ ba?s1 z "s me?ods ( treatm5t r5d] ?is an absolute necessity4 ,9 a small e/abli%m5t ! hydropa?ic appliances are movable1 & us$ 9 ord9>y ba? rooms1 ! ,turki% ba? be+ ! only feature requir+ special design4 ,a true hydropa?ic e/abli%m5t ( any size %\ld be provid$ ) two ,turki% ba?s1 "o = ladies & "o = g5tlem51 z ! p[] & effici5cy ( ! treatm5t may dep5d ^u ! regul>ity & p]si/5cy ) :i* x is c>ri$ out4 ,:]e !re is only "o ba?1 x has to be set ap>t on diff]5t days = ! use ( ladies & g5tlem51 & x is evid5t t ! b5efit ( a c\rse ( ba?s may be greatly less5$ by ! occasional unread9ess ( ! ba?4 ,two suites ( rooms %\ld1 !re=e1 be provid$4 ,x may be t !y w be mo/ economically con/ruct$ & work$ if arrang$ side by side1 s t !y may h _! furnaces toge!r1 & be /ok$ ) economy4 ,:]e1 z 9 c\ntry e/abli%m5ts1 !re is pl5ty ( room1 x is (t5 conv5i5t to arrange ! ,turki% & o!r ba?s on ! gr\nd floor adjo9+ ! ma9 build+1 a corridor ( connection be+ plac$1 if necess>y4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t invalids h to be tak5--(t5 c>ri$ or :eel$ 9 movable *airs--to ! ba?s1 & all[ance %\ld !re=e be made = ! passage ( su* a :eel$ *air f ! top /ory1 by way ( a lift1 to ! door ( ! ba?s4 ,9 a l>ge e/abli%m5t1 a full complem5t ( rooms %\ld be provid$ = ! ,turki% ba?--viz4 ?ree hot rooms1 a wa%+ & %ampoo+ room1 & a cool+ room4 ,!y w1 ( c\rse1 be on a small scale2 b ! :ole numb] %\ld be provid$4 ,a plunge ba? %\ld also be add$1 b 9 small hydropa?ics may be disp5s$ ) altoge!r4 ,= hydropa?ic purposes ! lavatorium is g5]ally requir$ to h r m elaborate wat]-fitt+s ?an o!r ba?s4 ,! ne$le ba? %\ld include ! asc5d+ %[]1 ! back %[]1 & ! sp9al d\*e--a small nozzle beh9d ! rose ( ! v]tical %[]4 ,! regulat+ appliances = ^! v>i\s %[]s1 sprays1 c41 %\ld be br\ght toge!r1 & conv5i5tly plac$ = ! att5dant4 ,a v +5i\s appliance1 suitable = a hydropa?ic ba?1 is a !rmomet] regulat+ valve1 :i* indicates ! temp]ature ( ! wat] be+ suppli$ to ! ba!r4 ,! wat]s mix 9 a ball1 into :i* is ins]t$ ! bulb ( a s5sitive !rmomet]1 :i* rises & falls z ! hot or cold h&les are turn$4 ,if ! %ampoo+ & wa%+ room ( ! ,turki% ba? is to be us$ = ! adm9i/ration ( ! tonic wat] ba?s to o!r ba!rs besides ^? tak+ ! ,turki% ba?1 x mu/ be made ( ample dim5sions4 ,s1 also1 if ! cool+ room is to be us$ z a repos+ room = o!r ba!rs1 x mu/ be made ( l>ge size4 ,p]fect v5tilation is ( p>am\nt importance 9 ba?s us$ = ! treatm5t ( disease4 ,purity ( atmosph]e 9 ! hot rooms is a vital necessity1 & s also is x 9 ! miscellane\s ba? rooms ( a hydropa?ic e/abli%m5t4 ,unread9ess is a great vice 9 ! ,turki% ba? app5d$ to ^! in/itutions4 ,hot rooms b5ea? _! prop] temp]ature1 & lukew>m wat]1 are unp>donable del9qu5cies1 ei!r 9 ! e>ly morn+1 9 ! ev5+1 or dur+ ! day4 ,= ?is reason ,i w\ld recomm5d a furnace ( fireclay1 z x reta9s its heat = a long "t1 & is n subject to ! rapid *anges ( iron /oves4 ,mu* ( t :i* ,i h said ) respect to ! hydropa?ic ba? w apply to ! design ( ! ba? = hospital & asylum purposes4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 effici5cy is all t is requir$1 & ev]y?+ ne$ be b ( ! pla9e/ description4 ,! conditions & exig5cies ( ea* case mu/ det]m9e ! size1 position1 & nature ( ! suite ( ba? rooms4 ,all t has be5 said ^u ! subject ( ! design & con/ruction ( ! ba? mu/ be /udi$1 & ! pr9ciples1 h]e9 giv51 appli$ to ! peculi> circum/ances4 ,s also 9 reg>d to ,turki% ba?s = hotels1 & = resid5tial blocks ( build+s1 & = clubs4 ,!re is a wide field = activity 9 ,turki% ba? build+1 9 ! increas$ provision ( ba?s 9 hospitals1 asylums1 & public & private in/itutions ( "o k9d & ano!r2 & also 9 hotels1 flats1 & clubs4 ,! hydropa?ic e/abli%m5ts h long adopt$ ! ,turki% ba? z a p[]ful rem$ial & curative ag5t 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! pr9ciples ( ! ,wat] ,cure4 ,b x is only occasionally t su* provision has be5 made 9 hospitals & asylums2 & al?\gh )9 ! la/ few ye>s noticeable innovations h be5 made 9 ?is respect1 ! subject has h]et(ore be5 greatly neglect$4 ,see+1 too1 ! imm5se ext5t to :i* co-op]ative liv+ has develop$1 & ! consequ5t enorm\s increase 9 size ( l>ge hotels1 resid5tial blocks1 c41 ,i _c b ?9k t ! build]s ( su* t5em5ts c\ld ) advantage turn _! att5tion to ! supply+ ( small ,turki% ba?s = ! visitors & resid5ts4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,turki% ,,ba? ,,= ,,horses4 ,animals ( _m k9ds1 includ+ horses1 dogs1 c[s1 %eep1 & pigs1 h be5 exp]im5t$ ^u ) reg>d to ! ba?1 & ) mu* success4 ,b = practical purposes all we ne$ "h consid] is ! design ( ! ba? = horses1 s9ce a ba? = a horse w evid5tly be suitable = a c[1 & might n be :olly b5ea? ! dignity ( a pig4 ,x is1 aft] all1 only 9 connection ) ! tra9+ ( horses t any?+ ( practical importance has be5 accompli%$ 9 ?is direction4 ,sev]al ,turki% ba?s = horses h be5 erect$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 connection ) hospitals = horses1 atta*$ to l>ge bus9esses1 & app5d$ to tra9+ /ables4 ,9 ! developm5t ( race-horses ! treatm5t has1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( sev]al au?orities1 be5 f\nd em95tly b5eficial4 ,! ba? mu/ be arrang$ 9 connection1 & 9 direct communication ) ! /ables4 ,x may consi/1 z ,fig4 #bg--;a plan ( a ba? built = ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railway ,company's hospital = horses--( a wa%+1 & two hot1 rooms4 ,an airy %$ w d = a place = ! animals to cool1 & 9 f9e wea!r !y w d]ive m b5efit f be+ turn$ out 9 ! op54 ,9 ! plan giv5 x w be se5 t ! horse is l$ ?r\gh ! wa%+ room into ! fir/ hot room4 ,)\t turn+ r\nd1 he may be l$ into ! second hot room & !nce into ! wa%+ room aga94 ,9 ! hot rooms1 :i* are heat$ by a convolut$ /ove1 are /ocks1 :]e91 if re/ive1 ! animal c be secur$4 ,a simil> arrangem5t is made 9 ! wa%+ room1 :]e1 aft] und]go+ ! sweat+ process1 ! horse is groom$ d[n1 an op]ation t %\ld be p]=m$ 9 "p ) an iron /rigil1 mu* aft] ! patt]n ( ^? employ$ ^u _! own bodies by ! anci5t ,romans4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,plan ( ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railway ,company's ,turki% ,ba? = ,horses4 ,^! equ9e ,turki% ba?s ne$ be v inexp5sive & simply con/ruct$1 ?\gh1 :]e x is desir$ to d ! ?+ well1 glaz$ bricks %\ld1 = ! sake ( cleanl9ess1 be us$ = l9+ ! walls4 ,all t w be requir$ 9 ! wa%+ rooms is a c\ple ( draw-(f taps ) hot & cold wat]1 "s pails1 a scrap]1 & wa%-lea!r4 ,on leav+ ! sudatory *amb]1 ! horse %\ld fir/ be well scrap$ ) ! scrap]1 c>efully spong+1 or d\s+ him1 if necess>y1 ) w>m wat]4 ,buckets ( hot1 tepid1 & cold wat] %\ld !n be ?r[n ov] him1 & hav+ be5 well rubb$ d[n ) ! lea!r1 he %\ld !n be cov]$ ) a cotton %eet1 & 8 legs b&ag$ ) cotton b&s1 ! %eets1 c41 be+ gradually remov$ aft] an int]val ( ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 & ! animal turn$ into a %$1 or into ! op51 to cool4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,index4 ,a4 ,,page ,air1 all[ance (1 9 hot rooms1 #ha backfl[ (1 #hc circulation (1 9 hot rooms1 #he expansion 9 heat+1 #hb filt]s1 #fg flues = vitiat$1 #ib inlets = cold1 #fg intake1 position (1 #fh arrangem5t (1 #fi its *anges 9 ! ba?1 #ga ( ba?1 necessity = dryness (1 #he ov]heat$1 #gf passage (1 ?r\gh ba? rooms1 #gj rapidity ( fl[ (1 #hb ,apodyt]ium1 !1 #d1 #ac & frigid>ium1 comb9$1 #ac ,b4 ,ba?1 ar*itecture (1 #aje asc5d+ %[]1 #ic back %[]1 #id decoration (1 #aje elaborate ne$le1 #ach foot1 #ih mat]ials =1 #aje ,mr4 ,urquh>t's *eap private1 #abj1 #abc ne$le1 #ic1 #id position ( private1 #abj prelim9>y %[]1 #ig prim>y object (1 #aj public1 g5]al requirem5ts (1 #i %[]1 #ib /yle ( design =1 #aji subsidi>y ap>tm5ts (1 #ad !1 9 asylums1 #aci !1 9 hospitals1 #aci ! slipp]1 #abg wave1 #ie ,ba?s1 anci5t & mod]n1 diff]5ce betwe51 #aj ,roman & ,ori5tal1 #b works on1 #c *eap1 #ff private1 #abe complete private1 #abe-abg con/ruction (1 9 private h\ses1 #abc1 #abd ,ea/]n1 #aaj elaborate private1 #abi1 #acb1 #acc importance ( d\ble sets (1 #acg importance ( int]communication betwe5 v>i\s1 #acg 9 cr[d$ sites1 #ah nature ( private1 #aai objections to extemporis$ hot air1 #aah ,old ,roman1 #aaj on "o level1 #ah private1 #aah public & comm]cial1 #f public1 lack (1 9 ,engl&1 #g supply ( wat] = private1 #abh two classes (1 #bf v5tilation ( private1 #abb ,ba?-rooms arrang$ en suite1 advantage (1 #cg dra9age (1 #dd ,balne1 ! ,pompeian1 #aab anci5t1 #d ,b5*es1 felt+ = m>ble1 #aaf ,bignor1 ,roman1 ba? at1 #aab ,boil]s1 #hg ,boot-room1 fitt+s =1 #aaf ,box1 ,roman ba? at1 #aab ,c4 ,calid>ium1 !1 #d1 #cc floor (1 #aaf ,ceil+s ( enamell$ iron1 #ajf ,*ecks1 %elves =1 #aaf ,ci/]ns1 #hg1 #hh ,cleans+ process1 ways ( conclud+1 #ab ,cold plunge1 object (1 #ab ,comb9$ cool+ & dress+ room1 its arrangem5t1 #ed ,cool+ & dress+ rooms comb9$1 _! m]its & dem]its1 #ed ,cool+ room1 c>pets =1 #aad c\*es 91 #aad furniture (1 #aac importance ( v5tilat+1 #eg me?od1 #eg light+ (1 #ajc ! sep>ate1 #ec ,cool+ rooms 9 hydropa?ic e/abli%m5ts1 #ach fireplaces 91 #bc me?ods ( arrang+1 #eb temp]ature (1 #ec1 #eh ,d4 ,divans1 con/ruction (1 #aad ,d\*e1 horizontal1 #ie room1 !1 #de sp9al1 #ic ,dra9age1 importance ( p]fect1 #dd ,dress+ & cool+ rooms1 #ac ,dry atmosph]e1 necessity =1 9 ba?1 #d ,f4 ,fir+1 evil ( bad & =c$1 #hj ,floor+s = *eap ba?s1 #cd ,flues1 hot & cold air1 con/ruction (1 #dj ,f\l air conduits1 #ga ,frigid>ium1 design (1 #ajh divans 91 #aji f\nta9 91 #aja ( private ba?s1 #abi !1 #d1 #ac ! old ,roman1 #eg ,furnace1 advantage ( a fireclay1 #ge fireclay1 = private ba?1 #acb me?od ( con/ruct+1 #gd expansion & contraction (1 #gf ,furnaces = private ba?s1 #aba heat+ p[] (1 #hj ) iron flues1 #gb ,furnace *amb]1 position (1 #dj ,g4 ,gas1 objections to1 9 ba?1 #ajb ,glaz$ e>!nw>e1 its suitability = ba?s1 #cc ,good & bad ba?s1 diff]5ce betwe51 #hb ,good ba?1 :at x is1 & h[ ga9$1 #i ,h4 ,hair-dress] & *iropodi/1 #ae ,hammam1 !1 ,j]myn ,/reet1 #ah ,hammam1 ! ,ori5tal1 #c ,heat1 convect$ & radiant1 #e1 #ei me?ods ( apply+ to ba!r1 #aj1 #ef prev5tion ( transmission (1 #abb ,heat+ app>atuses = private ba?s1 #abj scre5 walls to1 #gg ,heat+ by fireclay furnaces1 #gc iron flue-pipes1 #gb ord9>y /oves1 #gb convection1 objection to1 #gi /eam1 #gg arrangem5ts =1 #gh dang]s att5dant ^u1 #gg ( small ba?s1 #gc ( ! ba?1 its importance1 #ei by ! ord9>y me?od1 #fb on ! hot-air pr9ciple1 #fb & v5tilation1 #ei !ory (1 #fi ,high temp]atures1 b5eficial effect ( 9 cases ( disease1 #aa necessity =1 #aa ,horses1 ba?+ (1 #adb ,hot-air ba?1 a mislead+ t]m1 #e ,hot-air ba?1 !1 #f appliances & arrangem5ts =1 #fc ,hot air1 height ( deliv]y (1 into laconicum1 #dj mann]1 #dj pr9ciple1 objections to1 #fa ,hot rooms1 b5*es 91 #ch brickwork 91 #ajg ceil+s (1 #cd *airs & b5*es 91 #aaf decoration (1 #aje doorways 91 #ch firepro( floors ov]1 #ce glaz+ 91 #ch height (1 #ci ,indian matt+ 91 #ajf jo9]y 91 #cg light+ (1 #ajb mat]ials =1 #ch objection to /epp$ b5*es 91 #ci proportional area (1 #cc position ( p>titions 91 #cg radiation ( heat f1 #ce ,hot rooms1 w9d[s 91 #ce treatm5t ( woodwork 91 #ajf ,hydropa?y & ! ,turki% ba?1 #adj ,hydropa?ic e/abli%m5ts1 ! ba? 91 #acd ,i4 ,invalids1 consid]ation =1 9 ba?+ e/abli%m5ts1 #ach ,iri% sweat+ h\ses1 old1 #e1 #ac ,l4 ,laconicum1 !1 #d1 #cb ceil+ (1 #ce floor (1 #aaf ,ladies' ba?s1 #ad1 #dd1 #aaa ,laundry1 #af ,lavatorium1 !1 #d1 #dc & %ampoo+ room1 #da ! hydropa?ic1 #ach ( private ba?1 #abh wa%+ bas9s 91 #dc wat] fitt+s (1 #hi ,lavatr9a1 !1 #aai1 #abg ,m4 ,mont ,dore1 ba?s at ! ,hotel1 #ace cure1 !1 #acf ,moori% ba?1 heat+ ( !1 #ei ,mu/aby1 ! ,turki%1 #eg ,o4 ,ob/acles to ! progress ( ! ba?1 #a ,ori5tal col\r decoration1 #aaj ,p4 ,pay (fice1 !1 #ad ,p]spiration1 object (1 #aa ,plumb+1 #hh1 #ajj ,plunge ba?1 !1 #df betwe5 hot rooms & frigid>ium1 #ab *amb]1 light+ (1 #ajd con/ruction (1 #dh decoration (1 #aac dep? (1 #dh = private ba?s1 #abi 9 hydropa?ic e/abli%m5ts1 #ach wat] fitt+s (1 #ii ,popul> ignorance & ! ba?1 #a ,processes ( ! ba?1 #aa ,public ,ba?s & ,wa%-h\ses ,act1 inadequacy (1 #g ,public ba?s 9 ,engl&1 unwor?y ( ! nation1 #bi g5]al disposition ( plan (1 #ag ,r4 ,re/ aft] ba?1 necessity =1 #ac ,roman ba?s1 me?od ( heat+ ! old1 #ei nature ( heat 9 old1 #gi ,s4 ,sanit>y accommodation1 necessity = c>e 9 provid+1 #ae ,%ampoo]1 space requir$ by ea*1 #dc ,%ampoo+ & ! private ba?1 #abh b5*es1 #cd1 #db positions ( ba!r dur+1 #dc value (1 #ab & wa%+ room comb9$1 arrangem5t (1 #dc room1 #db v5tilation (1 #db light+ (1 #ajd ,%[] = head1 #ajj prelim9>y w>m1 #dd ,s-call$ ,turki% ba?s1 _! h>mfulness1 #b ,/ok]y1 !1 #ae ,/oves1 attributes ( good1 #fd ,convolute1 #bfd heat+ p[] ( #hj me?od1 ( con/ruct+1 furnace *amb] =1 #fd iron1 #fc objections to expos+ 9 hot rooms1 #gb pla9 iron radiat+ #abe radiat+ surfaces (1 #fc ,subsidi>y ap>tm5ts ( ! ba?1 #cb ,sudatorium1 be/ position = ba!rs 9 #ch ,sudatory *amb]1 a simple1 #aai ,t4 ,tank1 hot wat]1 #hg ,temp]ature1 importance ( ma9ta9+ #gi ( ba? rooms #gh regulat+1 #hj v>iations 9 #gi ,tepid>ium1 ! #d1 #cb dr9k+ f\nta9 91 #ajj mosaic floors 91 #ajh ( private ba?1 #abh old ,roman1 #ci ,!rm1 old ,roman1 #c ,tonic ba?s #ib ,transmission ( heat$ air1 prev5tion (1 #cf heat1 #cf ,treatm5t1 c\rse (1 9 ! ba?1 #aa ,turki% ba?1 association ( miscellane\s hydropa?ic ba?s ) !1 #acd build+1 field = activity 9 #aci = animals #ada = horses #ada ,great ,nor!rn ,railway ,company's #ada heat+ ( ! true #ei !1 a misnom] #e :at x is1 #d direction 9 :i* improvem5t may be made 9 !1 #fj ,turki% ba?s1 ,bad5-,bad51 #cj ,b>?olomew's1 ,leice/] ,squ>e1 #be ,brem51 #bi ,burton's1 ,eu/on ,road1 #bg ,camd5 ,t[n1 #bb f\l atmosph]e ( "s s-call$1 #b1 #hb 9 ,g]many1 #bi lukew>m1 #aci ,nevill's1 ,london ,bridge1 #be ,nor?umb]l& ,av5ue1 #bc ,nuremb]g1 #cj ,savoy ,hill1 #bj ,vi5na1 #cj ,v4 ,valve1 !rmomet] regulat+1 #ach ,valves & cocks1 #ij regulat+1 = %[] ba?1 c41 #if ,v5tilation1 #aci importance (1 9 hot rooms1 #ha 9 cramp$ sites1 #fi me*anical1 #hb ,v5tilator grat+s1 #hc ,v5tilators1 disposition (1 9 hot rooms1 #gj numb] & size (1 #ga position (1 #ga ,w4 ,wa%+ & %ampoo+ rooms1 v>i\s ways ( arrang+1 #da ,wat]1 pressure (1 #hh ,wat] fitt+s1 #hg ( private ba?1 #abh value ( simplicity 91 #ig ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 ,,/am=d ,,/reet ,,& ,,*>+ ,,cross4