,illu/ration3 ,cov] art                 
,,ma/]pieces   ,,9 ,,col\r   ,,edit$    
,,by --   ,t4 ,,leman ,,h>e             
,,velazquez        ,,plate ,i4--,,!     
,,infante ,,don ,,f]n&o ,,( ,,au/ria    
7,frontispiece7  ,?is picture 0 pa9t$ = 
! ,torre de la ,p>ada1 & %[s ,k+        
,philip's y\ng] bro!r 9 hunt+ co/ume4   
,velazquez seems to h repa9t$ a "p ( !  
canvas :i* is to be se5 9 ! ,prado1     
,madrid4  ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,i4      
,,velazquez   ,,by ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan    
,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,eight  ,,reproductions
 ,,9 ,,col\r    ,illu/ration3 ,title    
page art    ,,london3 ,t4 ,c4  ,e4 ,c4  
,,jack  ,,new ,,york3 ,,fr$]ick ,a4     
,,/okes ,,co4  #aijg     ,,cont5ts      
,,introduction    ,i4  ,,! ,,me?od ,,&  
,,influ5ce ,,( ,,velazquez   ,,ii4  ,,! 
,,pa9t]',s ,,e>ly ,,days  ,,iii4        
,,velazquez ,,9 ,,madrid   ,,iv4  ,a    
,,retrospect     ,,li/ ,,(              
,,illu/rations   ,plate      ,i4 ,!     
,infante ,don ,f]n&o ( ,au/ria 4 4 4 4 4
 4 4 ,frontispiece          ,9 ! ,prado1

 ,madrid     ,,ii4 ,las ,m5iz           
,9 ! ,prado1 ,madrid    ,,iii4 ,!       
,infante ,philip ,prosp]          ,9 !  
,imp]ial ,gall]y1 ,vi5na     ,,iv4 ,!   
,infante ,don ,bal?as> ,c>los           
,9 ! ,prado1 ,madrid      ,v4 ,antonio !
 ,engli%man          ,9 ! ,prado1       
,madrid     ,,vi4 ,admiral ,adriano     
,pulido ,p>eja          ,9 ! ,national  
,gall]y1 ,london    ,,vii4 ,donna       
,m>iana ( ,au/ria          ,9 ! ,prado1 
,madrid   ,,viii4 ,! ,pr9cess ,m>ia     
,!resa ( ,au/ria          ,9 ! ,prado1  
,madrid     ,,introduction              
,illu/ration3 ,velazquez  ,x is a curi\s
 tru? t ,spa9 9 ^! days ( h] decl9e     
ex]cises almo/ z mu* control ov] ! m9d (
 ! _w z %e ex]cis$ ov] its t]ritories 9 
! days ( h] great empire4  ,c]vantes 9  
lit]ature & ,velazquez 9 art seem de/9$ 
to secure = _! c\ntry a measure (       
immortality t ?r[s into ! backgr\nd !   
memory ( su* p z ,c>los ,qu9to1 ,philip 
,,ii41 & ^? o!r less] lights :o made !  
"n ( ,spa9 respect$ or dete/$ ?r\gh\t   

,europe & ,s\? ,am]ica4  ,if sci5ce &   
art are de/9$1 z "s altrui/s hope1 to   
unite ! _w 9 a bond t defies ! arbitr>y 
b\nd>ies made by rul]s1 !n ! "n ( ,diego
 de ,silva ,velazquez w /& high 9 ! li/ 
( ^? :om ! _w delights to hon\r1 = p :o 
are oppos$ diametrically on all que/ions
 ( politics & fai? f9d gr\nd ^u :i* !y  
may meet 9 security & amity :5 !y /&    
be=e ! pictures ( ! great ,spani% ma/]4 
,& ,c]vantes1 :o us$ words in/ead (     
col\rs to express ! life he saw ar\nd   
him1 w\ld r$eem ,spa9 f insignificance  
if %e _h nev] own$ a colony1 & _h nev]  
s\ght to /ep beyond h] own bord]s to    
develop ! arts ( peace or foll[ ! pa?s (
 w>4  ,p]haps x w\ld be h>d to f9d m    
div]se op9ions ?an ^? t are he>d 9 !    
/udio4  ,arti/s see life ?r\gh ! m$ium (
 _m temp]am5ts1 !y are notori\sly       
intemp]ate 9 _! en?usiasms4 ,!re are    
s*ools ( pa9t+ to suit e conviction1 & !
 "w t "o man w\ld give 8 all to possess 
w\ld n f9d hang+ space ^u ! wall        
controll$ by ano!r4  ,b be=e ,velazquez 

ev5 arti/s =get _! controv]sies2 he /&s1
 l ,ba* & ,bee?ov5 9 ! _w ( music1      
respect$ ev5 by ^? :o d n und]/&4  ,no  
controv]sy rages r\nd him2 he has m>*$  
un*all5g$ to ! highe/ place 9 m5's      
reg>d4    ,,plate ,,ii4--,,las ,,m5i,,z 
,?is picture 0 pa9t$ ab\t ! ye> #afef1  
&1 n[ 9 ! ,prado1 is consid]$ "o ( !    
greate/ works ( ! ma/]4  ,x pres5ts !   
,infanta ,m>g>ita att5d$ by h] maids (  
hon\r1 :ile ,velazquez himself is %[n   
pa9t+ ! portraits ( ,philip ,,iv4 & 8   
second wife ,m>iana ( ,au/ria1 :o are   
se5 reflect$ 9 ! mirror4  ,illu/ration3 
,plate ,,ii4    ,x is int]e/+ to note t 
a reputation unrivall$ 9 ! _w ( pictures
 is f\nd$ ^u a comp>atively small numb] 
( works4  ,"o ( 8 late/ critics r$uces !
 pictures ( ,velazquez n[ 9 exi/5ce to  
eighty-n9e1 :ile ackn[l$g+ t "s h       
disappe>$ f ! royal palaces ( ,spa9 & _c
 be trac$4  ,?is critic1 ,seor ,don     
,aureliano de ,b]uete--a connoisseur1 a 
collector1 & a work] 9 ! be/ int]e/s (  
art--is p]haps a little too sev]e4  ,he 

w n admit to 8 catalogue a portrait l t 
( ,admiral ,adriano ,pulido ,p>eja1 :i*1
 despite "s inf]ior workman%ip1 c %[    
consid]able claims to be reg>d$ z g5u9e2
 b ev5 if all ! disput$ ones 7 admitt$1 
& su* a li/ z ! late ,r4 ,a4 ,m4        
,/ev5son publi%$ 7 accept$ )\t t f>-see+
 critic's own res]ve1 we %\ld n h z _m  
pictures to repres5t ! =ty ye>s ( !     
arti/'s life z ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 0  
kn[n to pa9t 9 a s+le ye>4 ,velazquez   
has left v few draw+s1 & ^! are ( small 
importance2 !re are b two ackn[l$g$     
engrav+s2 & to limit /ill fur!r our     
s\rces ( k1 ! arti/'s correspond5ce     
seems to h be5 lo/2 :ile ! ,memoirs :i* 
,velazquez 0 said to h drawn up :5      
,philip ,,iv4 s5t ! pictures to !       
,escorial are n[ admitt$ by ! be/       
au?orities to be ! "w ( ano!r man4      
,i  ,,! ,,me?od ,,& ,,influ5ce ,,(      
,,velazquez  ,9 deal+ ) ! life & "w ( ! 
,spani% ma/]1 ev5 9 ! mode/ fa%ion ( ?is
 little monograph1 "o mu/ be> 9 m9d !   
fact t ,velazquez1 9 ! eyes ( 8         

contempor>ies1 0 n only an arti/--he 0 a
 c\rt pa9t]2 & pictures o!r ?an         
portraits 7 ( comp>atively little       
importance to ,philip ,,iv4 & 8 circle4 
,art borr[$ mo/ ( h] importance 9       
sixte5? & sev5te5? c5tury ,spa9 f ! fact
 t %e 0 ! h&maid ( ,holy ,"m ,*ur*4     
,velazquez 0 a c\rt (ficial :o *anc$ to 
be a clev] portrait-pa9t]1 & 8 promotion
 t5d$ ev] to take him fur!r away f 8    
art4  ,) ! increase ( /ate duties !     
claims ^u 8 "t grew m & m difficult to  
meet1 &1 :5 he rose 9 ! clos+ ye>s ( 8  
life to be ,gr& ,m>%al ( ! ,palace1     
entru/$ ) ! ord]+ ( /ate functions &    
missions to di/+ui%$ =eign]s1 8 art     
became entirely a second>y consid]ation4
  ,! /udio 0 no m ?an a place ( refuge =
 ! arti/ 9 ! h\rs :5 he might =get t he 
0 an (ficial4  ,if ,velazquez _h n be5  
compell$ to sacrifice ! be/ "p ( =ty    
ye>s' activity to ! ridicul\s =malities 
( c\rt life1 ! _w might h be5 ri*]      
to-day by scores ( pictures wor?y to    
rank by ! side ( ,las ,m5iz & ! portrait

 ( ,pope ,innoc5t ,x4  ,! pa9t] might h 
f\nd outside c\rt circles f> m inspir+  
sitt]s ?an ^? :om he 0 compell$ to pa9t1
 = x takes all t ev5 a ,velazquez c give
 to a portrait to make a ,philip ,,iv41 
a ,m>iana ( ,au/ria1 or ev5 an ,isabella
 ( ,b\rbon1 reveal _! dom9ant           
*>act]i/ics )\t c>icature2 inde$ "o     
feels t ! int]e/ belongs to ! picture & 
n to ! sitt]4  ,! success is "o ( tone1 
( h>mony & ( l9e1 ( sure h&l+ direct$ by
 an inw>d vision4  ,because ( gifts ly+ 
beyond praise1 ! pa9t] has pres]v$      
sev5te5?-c5tury ,spa9 = u z f> z c\rt   
circles repres5t x2 b among ! _m *>ges  
laid to ! acc\nt ( ,philip ,,iv4 mu/ be 
add$ t ( limit+ ! range & crippl+ !     
capacity ( an arti/ :o _c be plac$      
second to any man4  ,:5 we come to      
analyse 8 "w we f9d t its qualities are 
n ( a s5sational k9d4  ,velazquez makes 
no appeal ?r\gh ! m$ium ( brilliant     
pigm5t2 8 great contempor>y ,rub5s us$  
col\r 9 f> m /rik+ fa%ion4  ,velazquez  
lov$ grey & silv]y t9ts1 & 9 ! ye>s ( 8 

maturity und]/ood relative values       
p]fectly4  ,he knew1 too1 exactly h[ f> 
he c\ld g1 & nev] made exp]im5ts 9 se>* 
( qualities t 7 n 84  ,al?\gh he _h a   
c]ta9 quality ( delicate imag9ation1 he 
0 a reali/1 & c\ld n pa9t )\t a model2  
he nev] acquir$ a mann]ism1 or appli$ to
 "o sitt] ! treatm5t t "s arti/s seem to
 keep = types4  ,e figure he set ^u     
canvas has its own individuality1 &1    
:ile ,velazquez1 l o!r arti/s1 _h mann]s
 & me?ods t belong to fix$ p]iods ( 8   
life1 x is n easy to set d[n 9 cold pr9t
 an analysis ( ! causes t make up 8     
effects4  ,he _h no tricks2 ev]y?+ t he 
did 0 cle>1 simple1 & )al inimitable4   
,hundr$s ( m5 h copi$ 8 pictures2 none  
has be5 able to copy 8 me?od4  ,) 8 dea?
 8 influ5ce ^u art ceas$4  ,8 g5ius lay 
buri$ 9 ! grave ) him1 & did n suff]    
complete resurrection until ! n9ete5?   
c5tury 0 turn+ t[>ds its successor1 ?\gh
 ,raphael ,m5gs _h done all he c\ld to  
make 8 m]its kn[n a hundr$ ye>s be=e4   
,ev5 to-day1 we may be said to be 9 !   

fir/ /age ( our enjoym5t ( ! ma/]'s "w4 
,!re are at lea/ fifty good books ^u !  
subject ( ,velazquez' life & art1 writt5
 9 ?ree or f\r languages1 & all publi%$ 
9 ! la/ half c5tury2 !re mu/ be _m m to 
come1 = e g5]ation sees g5ius 9 ! light 
( its own "t4  ,s mu* = lit]ature4  ,9  
art ! pa9t] has influ5c$ v _m mod]ns4   
,manet1 ,c\rbet1 ,corot1 ,millet1       
,:i/l]1 are among ! m5 ^: "w %9es 9 !   
light ( ! ,prado1 & ! li/ might be      
prolong$ indef9itely1 = all e>ne/ art   
work]s g to ,velazquez1 confid5t t      
:atev] _! aims & ideals1 he w confirm & 
/r5g!n :at is be/ 9 !m4  ,!y "k1 too1 t 
!y may return aga9 & aga91 & t ! ri*    
/ores ( guidance & enc\ragem5t 9 !      
pursuit ( ideals are z inexhau/ible z ! 
b>rel ( meal t did n wa/e1 & ! cruse (  
oil t did n fail1 9 ! h\se ( ! wid[ (   
,z>epha?4     ,,ii  ,,! ,,pa9t]',s      
,,e>ly ,,days  ,9 ! ye>s :5 ,velazquez  
fir/ saw ! light1 ! p[] ( ,spa91 despite
 ! %ock x _h receiv$ f ,briti% seam51 0 
! dom9at+ factor 9 ,european politics4  

,philip ,,ii4 _h come to ! end ( a reign
 ( m ?an =ty ye>s2 ,philip ,,iii4 _h j  
rea*$ ! ?rone4  ,! pa9t] 0 n born 9 !   
atmosph]e ( c\rt life1 b 9 ! v ,ca?olic 
city ( ,seville1 !n z n[ a fatal place =
 ^? :o _c )/& ! manifold temptations to 
lead a lazy life4  ,happily = ! boy 8   
p>5ts _h n inh]it$ ! ,seville           
traditions2 8 fa!r came f ,oporto1 :i*1 
be+ a seaport t[n1 has no lack ( m5tal &
 physical activity4  ,! _s ( pa9t+      
settl$ at a v e>ly age ^u "y ,diego de  
,silva ,velazquez--! second "n by :i* he
 is univ]sally kn[n belong$ to 8 "m's   
family--almo/ be=e he 0 9 8 te5s he 0   
work+ 9 ! /udio ( ,francisco de ,h]r]a1 
ar*itect & pa9t]4  ,! temp]am5ts ( ma/] 
& pupil c\ld n fuse2 !re 0 suffici5t    
tr\ble to lead ,don ,juan ,rodriguez to 
transf] 8 son's s]vices to ,francesco   
,pa*eco1 pa9t]1 poet1 pr(essor1 & )al a 
man ( action & exp]i5ce4 ,he knew mu*   
ab\t contempor>y art1 enc\rag$ a hopeful
 outlook ^u life1 & enjoy$ ! respect (  
all m54  ,moreov] 8 /udio 0 !           

meet+-place = _m ( ! di/+ui%$ folk ( !  
city4  ,9 ! v e>ly ye>s ( _! association
 ,pa*eco und]/ood t 8 "y pupil 0 n l o!r
 lads1 t he possess$ an individuality t 
c\ld n be repress$ or direct$ into !    
usual *annels1 & in/ead ( res5t+ ?is new
 elem5t1 he s\ght to direct x wisely &  
k9dly1 !reby lay+ ,velazquez "u a debt (
 gratitude t ! pa9t] nev] repudiat$4    
,inde$ !re 7 /rong] ties 9 ! mak+1 = 9 !
 spr+ ( #afah1 :5 ! "y arti/ 0 on !     
?re%old ( 8 wond]ful c>e]1 ,pa*eco gave 
him 8 daught] ,juana = wife1 enc\rag$1  
he says1 by 8 virtues1 8 f9e qualities1 
& ! hopes :i* 8 happy nature & great    
tal5t rais$ 9 me4 ,! k9d old pa9t] is n 
rememb]$ to-day by 8 pictures1 or ev5 by
 8 ,book ( ,portraits ( ,illu/ri\s      
,p]sonages1 & o!r qua9tly titl$ works f 
8 p54  ,he lives because he help$ to    
make ,velazquez a great pa9t]1 & record$
 8 impression ( 8 son-9-law's e>lie/    
works1 ! v>i\s ,bodegones1 ( :i* sev]al 
may be se5 9 ,london to-day4  ,o!rs are 
9 ,b]l9 & ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,f ^! pictures

 ( ! secul> life ,velazquez pass$ to    
religi\s subjects--,*ri/ 9 ! ,h\se (    
,m>?a 7,national ,gall]y7 & ! ,adoration
 ( ! ,magi 7,prado7 belong to ^! e>ly   
ye>s4    ,,plate ,,iii4--,,! ,,infante  
,,philip ,,prosp]  ,?is picture hangs 9 
! ,imp]ial ,gall]y ( ,vi5na4  ,x is ! "w
 ( ! pa9t]'s la/ p]iod1 & %[s u ! little
 son ( ,philip ,,iv4 by 8 second wife4  
,! lad di$ "s two ye>s aft] ! picture 0 
pa9t$2 x has be5 re/or$1 n too clev]ly4 
,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iii4    ,9 #afbb1
 ,velazquez1 already ! fa!r ( two       
*ildr51 made 8 fir/ j\rney to ,madrid1 &
 0 all[$ to visit ! royal palaces4  ,he 
did n /ay long 9 ,ca/ile1 & 8 return to 
! capital 0 br\ght ab\t by ! div9ity t  
%apes m5's ends4  ,philip ,,iii4 0 dead2
 8 son ,philip ,,iv4 _h select$ z fri5d 
& advis] ! ,c\nt ,oliv>ez1 son ( !      
,gov]nor ( ! ,alcaz> 9 ,seville4        
,oliv>ez _h _m fri5ds 9 ! city t we>s ! 
,modo = its badge1 9 recognition (      
unsw]v+ loyalty to ,alfonso ! ,le>n$4   
,d\btless he _h he>d ab\t ! "w ( ! "y   

pa9t] & _h se5 "s examples ( x1 & he    
wi%$ to /r5g!n himself 9 ! capital by   
br++ accompli%$ m5 f 8 own city to      
(ficial po/s 9 ,madrid4  ,s he s5t =    
,velazquez1 :o j\rney$ a second "t to ! 
nor?1 n[ 9 ! company ( ,pa*eco1 & on    
arrival !re pa9t$ a lo/ portrait ( a    
,g5tleman ,u%]1 ,fonseca by "n4  ,?is   
picture did = ,velazquez :at ! portrait 
( ,admiral ,keppel did = ,reynolds1 &   
be=e ! excitem5t di$ away1 ! "y ,k+     
,philip ,,iv4 _h deign$ to promise a    
sitt+ to ! clev] ,sevillian4  ,! success
 ( ! fir/ picture ( ,philip ,,iv4       
7app>5tly ! e>ly "o n[ 9 ! ,prado7 0 s  
complete t ! k+ ord]$ all exi/+         
portraits ( himself to be remov$ f !    
palace1 & gave ! pa9t] an ord] (        
admission to 8 s]vice ) a sal>y ( ab\t  
two p\nds five %ill+s a mon?6  ,"u !    
skill$ h&s ( ! arti/ we are p]mitt$ to  
see ! tall1 gloomy lad gr[ up a dull1   
res]v$ man1 & we read 9 8 face a "p at  
lea/ ( ! causes ( ,spa9's ultimate      
d[nfall4     ,,iii  ,,velazquez ,,9     

,,madrid  ,( ! pa9t]'s "w at c\rt 9 ^?  
e>ly days we he> a little f ,pa*eco1 b !
 /ory ( ! times is m or less obscure4   
,a clev] portrait-pa9t] 0 n a v int]e/+ 
p]son 9 ! eyes ( a ,spani% gr&ee4  ,he 0
 class$ ) ! c\rt buffoons & dw>fs :o    
exi/$ m]ely to amuse4  ,inde$1          
portraiture 0 n above suspicion 9 ! eyes
 ( "s fanatics1 :o held t art exi/$ to  
s]ve ! ,*ur*1 & %\ld n seek secul>      
employm5t4  ,!re are docum5ts extant %[+
 t ,velazquez receiv$ eight p\nds = ?ree
 portraits1 ( :i* "o is lo/ & ! o!r two 
7,philip & ! ,c\nt ( ,oliv>ez7 are 9    
,spa94  ,9 #afbe ! pa9t] receiv$ a      
pres5t ( ?ree hundr$ ducats1 :i* 0      
foll[$ by a p5sion ( ! same value & a   
gift ( free lodg+1 &1 9 #afbg1 by !     
appo9tm5t to ! po/ ( ,g5tleman ,u%]4    
,!re is no d\bt b t ! k+ 0 atta*$ to 8  
"y c\rt pa9t] 9 a c]ta9 undemon/rative  
fa%ion4  ,pa*eco tells u t ,philip us$  
to visit ! arti/'s /udio con/antly1     
rea*+ x by way ( ! secret passages ( :i*
 ! palace 0 full4  ,! ye> #afbh m>ks an 

ev5t ( ! fir/ importance 9 ! life (     
,velazquez1 = ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s came on
 a diplomatic mission to ,madrid1 *>g$  
by 8 gov]nm5t to pave ! way to !        
conclusion ( peace betwe5 ,engl& &      
,spa94  ,rub5s 0 !n ab\t fifty ye>s old4
  ,he /ay$ n9e mon?s 9 ! ,spani%        
capital1 &1 despite 8 diplomatic duties 
& ! g\t1 f\nd "t to pa9t an extraord9>y 
numb] ( pictures1 includ+ five (        
,philip4  ,he also copi$ ! k+'s         
,titians4  ,velazquez 0 entru/$ by      
,philip ) ! "w ( ent]ta9+ ,rub5s1 & %[+ 
him ! art treasures ( ,spa91 & !        
fri5d%ip t grew up rapidly betwe5 ! two 
arti/s 0 cr$itable to bo?1 because      
,rub5s1 !n at ! z5i? ( 8 fame1 recognis$
 ! amaz+ gifts ( ! "y ,spani>d1 &       
,velazquez nev] all[$ ! brilliancy ( !  
ambassador-arti/ to tempt him f ! pa?s t
 he _h *os5 to foll[4  ,!re are "s :o   
?9k t ,rub5s ex]t$ a great influ5ce ^u 8
 "y fri5d's art1 b we _c pret5d to trace
 x4  ,rub5s may h wid5$ 8 m9d2 he c\ld n
 influ5ce 8 h& or eye4  ,%ortly aft]    

,rub5s left ,madrid1 ,velazquez complet$
 8 picture ,los ,borra*os1 n[ 9 !       
,prado1 & "o ( ! ackn[l$g$ ma/]pieces ( 
8 fir/ /yle1 ?\gh ! tone is d>k1 & "s ( 
! figures d n bl5d ) _! surr\nd+s4  ,9 !
 late summ] ( ! same ye> ,velazquez left
 ,spa9 = ,italy1 9 ! company ( ,don     
,ambrosio ,sp9ola1 :o 0 go+ to take     
comm& ( ! ,spani% =ces4  ,soldi] & arti/
 p>t$ at ,milan1 & ! latt] w5t to       
,v5ice1 :]e he /ay$ ) ! ,spani%         
ambassador & copi$ "s ( ,t9toretto's    
pictures4 ,!nce he w5t by way ( ,f]r>a  
to ,rome1 ! hon\r$ gue/ ( a relation ( !
 ,c\nt ( ,oliv>ez1 & he busi$ himself   
copy+ old pictures & pa9t+ new ones4  ,l
 _m ( ! arti/s :o g = ! fir/ "t to      
,italy1 he 0 influ5c$ 9 "s degree by    
,guido1 :o 0 !n liv+4  ,he pa9t$ 8 own  
portrait1 :i* is to be se5 9 !          
,capitol9e ,museum1 & w5t f ,rome to    
,naples1 return+ to ,madrid 9 ! e>ly "p 
( #afea4    ,,plate ,,iv4--,,! ,,infante
 ,,don ,,bal?as> ,,c>los  ,?is is "o ( !
 ,prado pictures ( ,k+ ,philip's elde/  

son by 8 fir/ wife1 ! un=tunate little  
pr9ce :o di$ :ile he 0 yet a boy4  ,:5  
?is picture 0 pa9t$ ,don ,bal?as> ,c>los
 0 six ye>s old4  ,illu/ration3 ,plate  
,,iv4    ,x might be m5tion$ 9 ?is place
 t ! pa9t]'s elde/ daught] 0 gr[+ up1 & 
t he m>ri$ h] ?ree ye>s lat] to "o ( 8  
pupils1 ! arti/ ,j4 ,b4 del ,mazo4  ,?is
 clev] arti/1 :o 0 treat$ by 8 ma/]     
,velazquez z ,velazquez _h be5 treat$ by
 8 ma/] ,pa*eco1 is held by critics to  
be responsible = _m pictures g5]ally    
ascrib$ to 8 fa!r-9-law4  ,!re is a     
picture 9 ! ,wallace ,collection kn[n z 
! ,lady ) ! ,fan1 :i* is ?\ght by no    
less a critic ?an ,seor ,b]uete to      
repres5t ! "y ,francesca ,velazquez1 :o 
became ! ,seora del ,mazo :5 %e 0 only  
fifte5 ye>s old4  ,%ortly aft] 8 return 
to ,madrid1 ,velazquez came "u !        
influ5ce ( ,el ,greco1 :o _h di$ 9      
#afad1 & left "s wond]ful pictures t may
 be se5 to-day 9 ,tol$o4  ,?is fact is  
important1 n t ! influ5ce result$ 9     
imitation1 b because x 0 di/9ctly       

inspir+1 & ,greco is a pa9t] :o is com+ 
sl[ly be=e ! public4  ,x _c be d\bt$ t 8
 influ5ce on arti/s ?r\gh ,velazquez has
 be5 v deep & abid+1 p>ticul>ly 9       
portraiture4  ,9 ! ye>s foll[+ ! return 
f ,italy1 ,velazquez pa9t$ "s ( !       
pictures ( ! little pr9ce ,don ,bal?as> 
,c>los1 ! k+'s son1 :o 0 born 9 #afbi1 &
 di$ 9 #afdf1 ! ye> ( 8 betro?al to     
,m>iana ( ,au/ria4  ,!re are _m pictures
 ( ?is int]e/+ lad :o1 _h he liv$1 might
 h done s mu* to save 8 c\ntry4  ,!     
e>lie/ 0 pa9t$ z soon z ,velazquez      
return$ f ,italy1 & is at pres5t 9      
,bo/on4  ,! next 9 date w\ld seem to be 
! "o 9 ! ,wallace ,collection1 & foll[+ 
?is comes ! well-kn[n picture ( ,don    
,bal?as> 9 hunt+ dress1 n[ 9 ! ,prado1 !
 "o ) ! small greyh\nd se5 on ! "r1 j   
com+ into ! canvas4  ,!n we h ! fam\s   
picture ( ! "y pr9ce on 8 spirit$       
,&alusian pony1 :i* is p]haps ! mo/     
popul> ( all2 & succe$+ t 9 ! ord] ( !  
pa9t+ comes ! portrait t1 9 ! writ]'s   
op9ion1 is ! be/ ( ! s]ies4  ,x hangs 9 

! ,imp]ial ,museum 9 ,vi5na1 & 0 pa9t$  
:5 ! pr9ce 0 ab\t elev5 ye>s old4       
,d\btless !re are o!r portraits ( !     
ill-fat$ boy1 ^: features seem to sugge/
 t he _h inh]it$ f 8 "m "s ( ! qualities
 t 8 fa!r lack$1 & t _h he be5 sp>$ to  
succe$ 8 fa!r 9 #affe1 he w\ld h h&l$   
affairs ) vig\r & intellig5ce4  ,9 #afch
 ,philip's daught] ,m>ia ,t]esa 0 born1 
& ! hi/ory ( ! arti/'s life 9 ,madrid   
becomes unev5tful or lo/4  ,probably on 
acc\nt ( ! increas+ unre/ abroad & !    
decl9e ( ! ,spani% =tunes1 ,velazquez'  
e>lie/ patron1 ! ,c\nt ( ,oliv>ez1 0    
disgrac$ 9 #afdc1 ! ye> 9 :i* ,cond     
help$ to break ! p[] ( ,spa9 at ,rocroi4
  ,al?\gh ! condition ( ! ,spani%       
,empire 0 v unfav\rable1 & ,philip ,,iv4
 mu/ h kn[n long h\rs ( anxiety & unre/1
 !re is no reason to believe t he )drew 
8 company or 8 fav\r f ! be/ belov$ ( 8 
c\rt pa9t]s4  ,sp9ola _h tak5 ,br$a f   
,ju/9 ( ,nassau1 & ! surr5d] 0 promptly 
immortalis$ by ,velazquez 9 ! picture   
,las ,lanzas1 :i* draws s _m pilgrims to

 ,madrid to-day4  ,x 0 pa9t$ = ! palace 
( ,bu5 ,retiro1 & curi\sly en\gh--s9ce x
 records "o ( ! few successes ( ,spa9 9 
! ,l[ ,c\ntries--! subject pass$ out (  
m5's memory1 & = _m ye>s nobody knew :y 
! arti/ _h pa9t$ x1 or :at x 0 all ab\t4
  ,"s "t betwe5 ! pa9t+ ( ?is picture & 
! fall ( ,oliv>ez1 ,murillo came to     
,madrid & became a pupil ( ,velazquez1  
:o _h j receiv$ a grant ( five hundr$   
ducats to be paid annually by ord] ( !  
k+4  ,9 #afdd ,velazquez accompani$     
,philip on a j\rney ?r\gh ,aragon1 & two
 or ?ree ye>s lat] he 0 appo9t$         
,inspector ( ,build+s1 a po/ involv+ mu*
 t$i\s "w1 & help+ to keep ! pa9t] f 8  
/udio4  ,he seems to h be/[$ a c]ta9    
am\nt ( lab\r on portraits pa9t$ by o!r 
m51 9 ord] to br+ !m into h>mony ) !    
collection t ,philip 0 mak+4  ,x is     
difficult to deal ) ?is matt] )9 limit$ 
space because ! details are di/9ctly    
controv]sial1 b x is z well to rememb] t
 "s ( ! portraits attribut$ to          
,velazquez 9 ! ,prado ,gall]y are ( p :o

 7 dead be=e ,velazquez 0 pa9t+1 s !y   
c\ld n h sat = him2 & 9 ! days ( ,philip
 ,,iv4 x 0 consid]$ no disgrace = a man 
to repa9t ano!r arti/'s canvases4       
,moreov]1 a pa9t] to ! c\rt ( ,spa9 0 n 
suppos$ to c>ry an uneasy consci5ce ab\t
 ) him4  ,x 0 8 duty to obey ord]s & to 
accept f 8 sup]iors z mu* guidance &    
direction z !y 7 graci\s en\gh to give  
him4  ,9 #afdi ! k+ grant$ ,velazquez   
p]mission to return to ,italy 9 ord] to 
f9d pictures = a ,royal ,academy ( ,f9e 
,art to be e/abli%$ 9 ,madrid4  ,by ?is 
"t ,philip 0 a wid[]1 ?\gh he 0 on !    
po9t ( m>ry+ 8 niece1 ,m>iana ( ,au/ria4
  ,%e _h be5 affianc$ to ! ,infante ,don
 ,bal?as> ,c>los1 b he _h be5 dead =    
?ree ye>s1 & ! ,spani% ?rone 0 )\t an   
heir4 ,velazquez visit$ ,g5oa1 ,v5ice1  
,milan1 & ,padua1 & br\ght back pictures
 by ,v]onese & ,t9toretto4  ,rome &     
,naples 7 revisit$1 & ! fam\s portrait (
 ,pope ,innoc5t ,x41 ( :i* "o copy is 9 
,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & ! o!r 9 ! ,doria      
,palace 9 ,rome1 0 pa9t$4 ,! =m] is a   

bu/ & a /udy2 ! latt] is a ?ree-qu>t]   
l5g?1 & is pa9t$ ) a wond]ful bl5d ( r$ 
& :ite4  ,x 0 copi$ by ,sir ,jo%ua      
,reynolds1 :o decl>$ t x 0 ! f9e/ "w he 
_h se5 9 ,rome4  ,:at w\ld he h ?\ght ( 
! lat] ma/]pieces by ! same h&8  ,!     
portrait 0 copi$ by o!r m5 too1 & !re is
 no d\bt t ! copies 7 9 "s cases sold = 
orig9als4  ,by ! "t ,velazquez return$  
to ,madrid 9 #afea1 at ! urg5t reque/ ( 
8 royal ma/]1 ! c\rt ( ,spa9 0 en fte4  
,philip's wife1 to :om he _h be5 m>ri$  
two ye>s1 0 only sev5te51 & requir$     
amusem5t4  ,functions ( e sort1         
excursions1 ent]ta9m5ts on a mo/        
sumptu\s scale1 7 ! ord] ( ! day1 &     
because ,velazquez 0 n[ at ! summit ( 8 
a*ievem5t1 because he c\ld pa9t pictures
 t w endure z long z m5 c>e = art1 x is 
difficult inde$ to =give ,philip ,,iv4 =
 mak+ him ,m>%al ( ! ,palace4  ,to be   
sure ! po/ 0 well paid1 ! sal>y be+ ab\t
 #djj a ye> ) lodg+ 9 ! ,treasure ,h\se1
 b ! duties 7 endless4  ,! k+'s action 0
 on a p> ) ! cu/om t prevails 9 our own 

,=eign ,(fice1 ( s5d+ a man :o und]/&s  
,*9a ?or\ghly to s]ve ! c\ntry 9 ,p]u1 &
 "o :o has ma/]$ ,russian politics to   
,portugal4    ,,plate ,v4--,,antonio ,,!
 ,,engli%man  ,?is 0 "o ( ! dw>fs 9 !   
s]vice ( ! k+4  ,8 is "o ( ! la/        
portraits pa9t$ by ,velazquez4  ,!      
figure is life size1 & hangs 9 ! ,prado 
at ,madrid4  ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,v4   
,happily ,velazquez1 = all t he 0 reg>d$
 9 ,madrid z a r lazy man1 f\nd "t :5 he
 0 ,m>%al ( ! ,palace to pa9t ! be/ (   
all 8 portraits4  ,he 0 hon\r$ by ,que5 
,m>iana ( ,au/ria1 ! k+'s second wife1  
:o sat = him on sev]al occasions1 & !   
results may be se5 9 ,p>is1 ,vi5na1 ,new
 ,york1 & ,madrid4 ,"s ( ! portraits1   
pa9t$ )\t a suspicion ( flatt]y1 %[ !   
absurd head-dress1 ! false hair1 & !    
extraord9>y cr9ol9e t 7 worn at ! "t1 9 
all _! ugl9ess1 & =ce u to see h[ great 
0 ! di/ance ly+ betwe5 ! royal h\se &   
any s5se ( beauty4  ,velazquez 0 n      
p]haps v happy ) ?is "w1 because ,nature
 _h end[$ ,philip's wife ) a face t 0   

almo/ z dull & unresponsive to emotion z
 t ( h] "l & ma/]2 b aft] a "t *ildr5 7 
born1 & ! c\rt pa9t] _h a m sympa!tic   
task4  ,he has left portraits t are q   
*>m+ ( ! ,infanta ,m>g>ita & ! ,infante 
,philip ,prosp]2 he pa9t$ bo? ( ! *ildr5
 :ile !y 7 v "y4  ,9 po9t ( fact1 nei!r 
liv$ to gr[ up2 d\btless !y w\ld h be5  
un9t]e/+ en\gh if !y _h be5 sp>$4  ,!   
,infanta ,m>g>ita is to be se5 9 ,vi5na1
 9 ,p>is1 & 9 ,madrid1 & %e ( c\rse is !
 c5tre ( ! fam\s picture1 ,las ,m5iz4   
,pr9ce ,prosp] 0 pa9t$ by ,velazquez1 :5
 no m ?an two ye>s old4  ,!re 7 two o!r 
*ildr51 ,pr9ce ,f]d9& & ,pr9ce ,c>los   
,,ii41 b ! =m] 0 no m ?an a ye> old :5  
,velazquez di$1 & ,c>los 0 unborn4  ,( !
 f\r *ildr5 born to ,philip ,,iv4 by 8  
second wife1 ?ree di$ "y4  ,9 ! la/ ye>s
 ( 8 life1 :5 ! pressure ( c\rt duties &
 ! ill-w ( highly plac$ fools mu/ h be5 
h>d to be>1 ,velazquez f\nd "t to pa9t  
"s ( 8 greate/ ma/]pieces4  ,! ,maids ( 
,hon\r 7,las ,m5iz71 ,! ,sp9n]s 7,las   
,hil&]as71 sop1 ,m5ippus1 ,! ,coronation

 ( ! ,virg91 & ! ,v5us ) ! ,mirror1 are 
all ! ripe fruit ( ! pa9t]'s la/ decade4
  ,8 art _h matur$2 adv]sity _h ?r[n him
 back ^u 8 "w2 x 0 ! solace ( ! h\rs t 7
 n claim$ by absurd (ficial duties4  ,:o
 %all say t ! scant consid]ation he     
receiv$ f p>asites & c\rti]s 0 an unmix$
 evil8  ,! m5 :o despis$ ! pa9t] because
 ,philip fav\r$ him may h help$ to m\ld 
8 "*1 may h enabl$ him to deta* himself 
completely f 8 own (ficial "* :5 he c\ld
 lay aside ! g>b ( (fice & turn to 8    
belov$ canvases once aga94  ,! portraits
 ( ,philip 9 8 la/ ye>s1 ^? ( 8 second  
wife & h] *ildr51 ^? ( ! dw>fs too1     
belong to ! ye>s betwe5 #afea & #affj4  
,x 0 a cu/om ( ! unheal?y & depress+    
,spani% c\rt 9 :i* ! que5 liv$ 9 an     
arm\r ( corsets & cr9ol9e1 & might n be 
t\*$ by any ( h] fai?ful subjects ^u pa9
 ( dea?--! c\rt 9 :i* ! k+ 0 compell$ to
 preside at ! autos da f--to keep dw>fs 
z play?+s4  ,p]haps because !y 7 ugly & 
de=m$ !y came q naturally into ! c\rt   
environm5t4  ,! e>lie/ portrait ( ,don  

,bal?as> ,c>los %[s him 9 company ) a   
dw>f1 & !re 7 ab\t ! c\rt _m o!r        
un=tunate creatures :om ,velazquez pa9t$
 betwe5 #afej & #afei4  ,!re is m ?an a 
suspicion 9 ! m9ds ( _m ( 8 biograph]s t
 ! half-conceal$ contempt ) :i*         
,velazquez 0 reg>d$ 9 c\rt circles left 
him small *oice ( company2 t he 0 rat$ )
 dw>fs & outca/s because he work$ ) 8   
h&s2 & ( c\rse no hidalgo1 :o 0 a p]fect
 ma/] ( ! art ( "t-wa/+1 c\ld take      
s]i\sly any l[-blood$ creature :o e>n$ 8
 "r to live by work+4  ,if ,velazquez _h
 be5 on ! same foot+ z ,rub5s--_h he    
enjoy$ ! same position t ,goya1 ) no    
great] (ficial appo9tm5t1 0 to hold a   
little m ?an a c5tury aft] 8 dea?--we   
may presume t ! dw>fs w\ld n h be5      
pa9t$1 & t ,velazquez' art w\ld h be5   
giv5 to ! s]vice ( ! blue-blood$ g5tlem5
 :o 7 mak+ z big a muddle ( ,spani%     
int]e/s z _! c\ntry's wor/ enemies c\ld 
desire4  ,"o hesitates to say t !y w\ld 
h be5 less int]e/+ sitt]s1 because we "k
 t nobody1 h[ev] dull & /upid 9         

appe>ance1 c\ld fail to become int]e/+  
at ! h&s ( ! pa9t]4  ,x is fair to      
rememb]1 too1 9 def5ce ( ! ,spani%      
attitude1 t ! ye>s 7 giv5 n to ! arts ( 
peace b to ^? ( w>2 t leisure 0 scanty1 
intrigue unceas+1 & ! au/]ity ( life 0  
made great] by ! /rong & m]ciless grip (
 ! ,*ur*4  ,=mality & sup]/ition m>*$ h&
 9 h& 9 a c\rt ^: rul]1 if we may judge 
by 8 portraits1 _h =gott5 h[ to smile4  
,!n aga91 ! atmosph]e ( ! ,madrid c\rt1 
= all its dulness & secrecy & unheal?y  
ways1 0 n z x became "u ,*>les ,,iii41  
:5 ,godoy play$ ! "p ( ,c\nt ,oliv>ez1 &
 ! ,c\ntess ,b5av5te1 ! ,du*ess ( ,alba1
 & o!r wom5 z frail z !y 7 beautiful1   
did n hesitate to indulge 9 op5 intrigue
 ) ! k+'s pa9t]4  ,turn to ! canvases ( 
,velazquez & y w n f9d a woman :o 0     
fasc9at+ en\gh to h be5 wor? ! tr\ble & 
dang] ( an intrigue4  ,! wives ( ,philip
 ,,iv4 c\ld n b h be5 virtu\s1 & w\ld h 
_h b small sympa?y ) pretty wom54  ,to  
be sure ,philip ,,iv4 _h _m mi/resses1 b
 he did n ask 8 c\rt pa9t] to record _! 

beauty4  ,be=e ,velazquez return$ to    
,madrid f 8 second visit to ,italy1 he  
seems to h pa9t$ ! portrait ( ! dw>f    
kn[n z ,el ,primo1 n[ 9 ! ,prado4  ,?is 
man1 kn[n 9 private life z ,don ,l\is de
 ,hac$o1 accompani$ ,philip on a t\r1 & 
he seems to h be5 a /udi\s p]son1       
because ! arti/ has depict$ him ) book1 
p51 & pap]1 & giv5 him a ref9$          
expression4  ,! o!rs h little to r$eem  
_! ugl9ess & de=mity4  ,! *ild (        
,vallecas seems to be ! dw>f :o figures 
) ,don ,bal?as> ,c>los 9 ! fir/ picture 
t ,velazquez pa9t$ ( ! un=tunate "y     
pr9ce1 ! "o t is n[ 9 ,am]ica4  ,he has 
gr[n a little old] & a little m ugly 9 !
 canvas t is devot$ entirely to 8       
portrait2 he does n we> good clo!s1 b a 
co>se gre5 coat ) /ock+s to mat*4  ,!   
,idiot ( ,coria is also dress$ 9 gre51  
?\gh 8 g>m5ts are a little ri*]1 b ,don 
,antonio seems to h be5 a p]son ( "s    
importance4  ,he is pictur$ 9 ! ,prado  
/&+ beside a beautiful ma/iff almo/ z   
big z himself1 & he we>s a ruddy br[n   

dress work$ ) gold4  ,he c>ries a l>ge  
plum$ hat 9 8 h&4 ,seba/ian de ,morra1  
:o sits fac+ ! audi5ce1 has "o ( ! mo/  
wond]ful heads ev] set on canvas by !   
arti/4  ,?is dw>f too is dress$ 9 ! gre5
 co/ume t w\ld seem to h be5 worn by !  
dw>fs atta*$ to ! c\rt ( ,spa94  ,9     
addition to ! little company ( dw>fs !re
 7 buffoons at ! c\rt1 & ( ^! ,velazquez
 pa9t$ ,pablillos1 :o is kn[n z !       
com$ian1 & ,don ,juan ( ,au/ria1 ^:     
portrait is a triumph ( h>mony 9 col\r1 
! p9k ( mantle & /ock+s contra/+        
admirably ) black d\blet & cape4        
,,plate ,,vi4--,,admiral ,,adriano      
,,pulido ,,p>eja  ,?is picture may be   
se5 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4  ,x is sign$ 
& dat$ #afci1 & 0 pur*as$ f ! ,long=d   
,ca/le ,collection 9 #ahij4  ,seor      
,b]uete holds a /rong op9ion t x 0 n    
pa9t$ by ,velazquez4  ,illu/ration3     
,plate ,,vi4    ,9 ! la/ ye>s ! pa9t]   
seems to h gone a little fur!r d[n 9 !  
social scale 9 se>* ( 8 sitt]s1 = ! sop 
is a begg>1 & ,m5ippus is no bett]4  ,to

 all ^! suff]]s & outca/s ,velazquez    
respond$ ) a sympa?y t is n less cle>ly 
reveal$ ?an ! te*nique t gives s mu*    
endur+ delight to arti/s ! _w ov]4  ,9 !
 f9al decade ( ! pa9t]'s life ,philip   
seems to h giv5 him no m ?an two sitt+s4
  ,p]haps ! arti/'s ,m>s & 8 ,v5us ) !  
,mirror gave (f5ce 9 ,madrid1 :]e ! nude
 0 only accept$ if x 0 pa9t$ by "s arti/
 :o _h won 8 fame outside ! ,ib]ian     
,p59sula4  ,! :ole tr5d ( life 9 ! c\rt 
( ,m>iana ( ,au/ria 0 oppos$ to !       
pres5tation ( ! nude 9 art4  ,! two late
 pictures ( ,philip1 ( :i* ! "o is 9 !  
,prado & ! second 9 our ,national       
,gall]y1 are q ! mo/ f9i%$ ( all 8      
/udies ( 8 royal ma/]4  ,! face1 free f 
ev5 a sugge/ion ( human int]e/ or       
en?usiasm1 has no emotion :atsoev] save 
disillusionm5t & sadness4  ,! spectator 
gets a sugge/ion t life has resolv$     
itself into a long s]ies ( =mal duties &
 =mal enjoym5ts1 & t nei!r suffices to  
make x wor? liv+4  ,duty to ! _w at l>ge
 & to ! va/ empire slipp+ f 8 grasp     

seems to be all t holds ,philip2 & :5 we
 consid] t he _h lo/ 8 fir/ wife & h]   
promis+ son1 & ( 8 *ildr5 by 8 second   
wife "o or two 7 dead already2 t        
dissipation & anxiety _h sapp$ 8        
en]gies1 & sup]/ition _h crabb$ 8       
intellig5ce2 x is n /range t ! face %\ld
 be z x is4  ,9 #afeh ,philip conf]r$ ^u
 ,velazquez ! knigh?ood ( ,santiago1 &  
money 0 deposit$ on 8 behalf by a fri5d 
:o und]/ood ! pa9t]'s f9ancial /raits to
 pay = ! inquiries relat+ to 8 g5ealogy4
  ,9 spite ( ! k+'s wi%es1 ! ,c\ncil    
appo9t$ to inquire into ! antec$5ts ( ! 
pa9t] refus$ to admit him1 ?\gh         
,velazquez suppli$ _m pro(s t 8 blood 0 
pure & 8 orig9 hon\rable4  ,at la/1     
,philip appli$ to ! ,pope ,alex&] ,,vii4
 = a disp5sation 9 ! arti/'s fav\r1     
realis+ t ! ,vatican 0 a ,c\rt ^:       
jurisdiction 0 unlimit$ 9 its scope4  ,!
 ,pope 0 complaisant3 he c\ld h>dly be  
o!rwise to ,philip ,,iv42 he s5t a brief
 t enabl$ ,velazquez1 aft] long delays1 
to obta9 ! mu* covet$ ord]4  ,! /ory t  

,philip be/[$ x ^u ,velazquez z a rew>d 
= ! picture ,las ,m5iz is "o ( ! pretty 
fables t mu/ be disreg>d$1 & x seems    
likely t ,philip only ex]t$ himself on 8
 pa9t]'s behalf because he wi%$ him to  
sup]9t5d ! arrangem5ts = ! fe/ivities t 
7 to celebrate ! m>riage ( ! ,infanta   
,m>ia ,t]esa ) ,l\is ,,xiv4  ,if we may 
read "* 9 physiognomy1 !re is little    
risk t ,philip w\ld h behav$ g5]\sly )\t
 cause4  ,velazquez left ,madrid =      
,irun1 on ! ,franco-,spani% fronti]1 9  
,april #affj4  ,! "w 0 h>ass+2 he 0 n a 
p]sona grata ) 8 colleagues1 & none     
s\ght to light5 8 burd5s4  ,he return$  
to ! capital at ! end ( ,june1 :5       
,madrid is n fit to live 91 & 0 tak5 ill
 a mon? lat]4  ,h>d & unremitt+ lab\r1 !
 folly & bitt] opposition ( m5 :o 7 n   
wor?y to clean 8 palette1 ! inconv5i5ces
 & delays ( travel 9 ,spa91 & ! t5d]    
m]cies ( sev]al ,spani% doctors (       
repute1 seem to h comb9$1 ) a bad attack
 ( fev]1 to br+ a tr\bl$ life to its    
clos+ sc5e4  ,! end came on ! #f? (     

,augu/ #affj1 :51 to quote ,seor        
,b]uete1 he deliv]$ up 8 s\l to ,god1 :o
 _h creat$ him to be ! admiration ( !   
_w4  ,! body 0 decorat$ ) ! ornam5ts ( !
 knights ( ,santiago & buri$ 9 ! p>i%   
*ur* ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/4  ,)9 a week 
8 devot$ wife1 ,juana de ,pa*eco        
,velazquez1 foll[$ him to a re/ t no    
c]emonial ( ! ,spani% c\rt c\ld di/urb4 
,/range z x may seem to ^? :o "k no?+ ( 
,spa91 ! petty worries & vexations to   
:i* ,velazquez _h be5 subject$ did n    
cease ) 8 dea?4  ,x 0 decid$ by !       
au?orities t ! ?\s& ducats paid to !    
dead pa9t] = sup]9t5d+ ! works ( !      
,alcaz> mu/ be return$1 & 9 ord] t !    
claim might be met1 ! cont5ts ( !       
arti/'s /udio & "s ( 8 furniture w\ld   
seem to h be5 seiz$4  ,k+ ,philip       
record$ 8 graci\s di/ress at ?is        
decision1 b did no?+ to ov]rule x4      
,litigation foll[$1 & aft] "s ye>s !    
claim to ! ?\s& ducats 0 )drawn by !    
au?orities1 ! affairs ( ! ma/] 7 w\nd up
 = all "t1 & ! /igma ( debt 0 remov$ f !

 memory ( a man :o nev] receiv$ a ti! ( 
8 des]ts4  ,philip ,,iv4 took ,juan del 
,mazo1 ! pa9t]'s son-9-law1 to be c\rt  
pa9t] 9 ,velazquez' place1 & ! appo9tm5t
 is wor? not+1 because x is to ?is wor?y
 man's wond]ful facility = e*o+ 8       
fa!r-9-law's /yle t we owe ! pres5ce ( s
 _m imitations 9 ! _w's public gall]ies 
& private collections4  ,"s ( ^! clev]  
copies ( lo/ pictures h rema9$ un*all5g$
 until rec5t ye>s1 & :e!r ?is be a      
tribute to ! capacity ( del ,mazo or a  
reflection ^u ! capacity ( critics1 is a
 "q ly+ beyond ! scope ( ?is little     
book4  ,b x is n difficult to und]/& t !
 r5[n ( ,velazquez 0 on ! increase = a  
few ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 & t ,mazo1 :o 0   
clev] & poorly paid1 & _h a s9c]e       
respect = 8 fa!r-9-law1 %\ld h rememb]$ 
t !re is no great] flatt]y ?an          
imitation4     ,,iv  ,a ,,retrospect  ,x
 is 9 no _s ( extravagance t "o v5tures 
to say t ! life ( ,velazquez 0 a long & 
tragic /ruggle aga9/ surr\nd+s          
detrim5tal to ! full & natural          

expression ( 8 g5ius1 nor is x surpris+ 
t ! p :o _h foll[$ 8 c>e] ) indiff]5ce  
saw v little matt] = comm5t :5 he di$4  
,!re 7 a few useless & pomp\s c]emonies 
associat$ ) 8 obsequies1 & ,spa9 w5t on 
) ! daily task1 ! common r\nd1          
unconsci\s ( h] loss4  ,s _m mat]ial    
possessions 7 pass+ f h&s too weak to   
hold or to adm9i/] !m t ! dea? ( an     
arti/ c\ld n be notic$4    ,,plate      
,,vii4--,,donna ,,m>iana ,,( ,,au/ria   
,?is picture 0 br\ght f ! ,escorial to !
 ,prado 9 #ahde4  ,! lady 0 ! second    
wife ( ,philip ,,iv41 & w\ld h be5 !    
wife ( ,don ,bal?as> ,c>los _h he liv$4 
,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vii4             
,fair-m9d$ critics may hesitate to say )
 ,spa9's enemies t civilisation ends ) !
 ,pyr5ees1 b x is c]ta9 t ! ,spani%     
attitude t[>ds life has diff]$ f t ( o!r
 c\ntries to an ext5t t has left        
indelible impressions ^u art &          
lit]ature4 ,velazquez c>ri$ a little ( !
 ,&alusian sun to ,ca/ile1 b ! heavy    
cl\d t settl$ ^u ! ,spani% c\rt spe$ily 

obscur$ x4 ,life = ! pa9t] 0 an affair (
 con/ant /ruggle aga9/ f9ancial & social
 difficulties1 ( endless "w =           
unresponsive ma/]s2 & ! lab\r 0 n       
light5$ by any ( ! associations t help$ 
! great ma/]s ( ! ,italian ,s*ool :o _h 
"s %>e ( light & hon\r4  ,! fun]eal pomp
 ( ! ,spani% c\rt2 ! /range climatic    
conditions ( ,madrid1 :]e y may pass 9 a
 mom5t f a blaze ( sun t scor*es to a   
bla/ ( icy w9d t /rikes a fatal bl[ at !
 lungs2 ! h>d & unattractive l&scape2 ! 
pr\d1 cruel1 & impassive p :o _c ev5    
feign an int]e/ 9 su* affairs z art or  
lett]s1 all s]v$ to leave _! impression 
^u ! pa9t]'s "w4  ,we _c imag9e t any   
arti/ :o work$ 9 ,madrid 9 ! sev5te5?   
c5tury c\ld become a col\ri/ aft] !     
mann] ( ! ,v5etians2 he w\ld n see !    
col\r unless he w5t to ,catalonia or    
,&alusia & ent]$ into _! /irr+ national 
life4 ,!n aga9 ,spa9 0 influ5c$ by !    
,moors1 & ea/]n art is m conc]n$ )      
h>mony ?an col\r+1 m conc]n$ to bl5d    
neutral t9ts ?an pres5t ri* tones4  ,!  

writ] has se5 _m pictures 9 ! /udios (  
mod]n ,madrid t are inspir$ directly by 
! ,italians1 = n[adays ,spani% arti/s   
flock to ,italy1 :]e !y le>n to imitate 
! ,v5etian col\r s*emes1 & to become    
?ird-rate e*oes ( old ma/]s4  ,!re are a
 few m5 :o pa9t int]e/+ pictures 9 ,spa9
 to-day--,pradilla & ,c>bon]o are among 
! be/2 b ,spa9 does n hold a great      
arti/4 ,! la/ ( all di$ 9 exile 9       
,bordeaux 9 ! e>ly days ( ! la/ c5tury1 
& left 8 gifts to ! ,fr5* ,s*ool (      
,manet4  ,velazquez c\ld nev] h become a
 flamboyant col\ri/4  ,a few ( !        
pictures 9 ! ,prado h "s r$s & p9ks2 =  
example1 ,las ,hil&]as1 9 :i* !re is a  
r$ curta91 & ! picture ( ,philip on     
horseback1 9 :i* ! k+ we>s a p9k sc>f4  
,!re are high col\rs 9 ,! ,coronation ( 
! ,virg9 & a few o!rs1 b z a rule       
,velazquez wr\ght ) a subdu$ palette1 & 
s\ght to weave h>monies 9 grey & silv]4 
,bright col\rs are an expression ( ! joy
 ( life1 & ?is 0 unkn[n to ! ,spani>ds (
 ,ca/ile4  ,murillo has col\r1 b !n he 0

 always an ,&alusian4  ,j z ,velazquez  
borr[$ v little f 8 sitt]s & gave a     
great deal1 s he claim$ next to no?+ f !
 prim>y col\rs1 & he gave a col\r s5se t
 is indescribably beautiful to silv] &  
grey4  ,?is 0 8 delib]ate *oice &       
judgm5t1 b x is impossible to =get t    
surr\nd+s & associations mu/ h _h a     
great deal to d ) x4 ,m5 :o live lives t
 are complete 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! t]m h 
a natural crav+ = gl[+ hues1 & may f9d  
,velazquez dull if !y come to ! ,prado f
 ! ,academy ( ,v5ice2 b unless _! ta/es 
h become :olly vitiat$1 unless _! eyes  
are suff]+ f a surfeit ( light1 !y w    
soon le>n to f9d t _! be/ belov$ ma/]s  
w\ld n be> transplant+4  ,!y belong to !
 soil ( ! c\ntry !y work$ 91 :ile       
,velazquez1 l ,rembr&t1 c travel to any 
climate1 & %9e ) uncl\d$ glory 9 any    
atmosph]e4  ,x is impossible to imag9e t
 ,rub5s c\ld h pa9t$ ) ! palette t s]v$ 
,velazquez1 b ! great] ( ! two m5 has   
giv5 ! _w an invaluable lesson 9        
appreciation1 & because ,nature is full 

( exquisite col\r h>monies t are q      
subdu$ 9 tone x is well t we %\ld h be5 
taught to appreciate !m4 ,velazquez     
himself decl>$ t ,raphael did n please  
him1 b ,titian did2 he f\nd 9 him !     
greate/ ( all ! ,v5etians4  ,& yet x is 
h>d to say t he took any?+ f ! admir$   
ma/]1 because ) ,velazquez admiration & 
imitation are ?+s ap>t4  ,he did n ev5  
imitate ,el ,greco1 ! pa9t] ^: influ5ce 
^u ! _w ( art is n yet fully ackn[l$g$  
or und]/ood1 & he did n copy ,rub5s1 ^: 
spl5d\rs w\ld h dazzl$ a weak] man4     
,velazquez m]ely saw c]ta9 tru?s 9      
,greco's h&l+ ( portraiture1 & accept$  
!m4  ,?r\gh\t 8 life he made a /eady    
improvem5t 9 ! quality ( ! "w done1 b ! 
*anges came ?r\gh introspection r ?an f 
any outside influ5ce4  ,8 pictures are  
divid$ by _m critics into ?ree /yles1   
:i* may be divid$ r\ghly by 8 visits to 
,italy4  ,9 ! e>ly days ! pa9t on 8     
canvas 0 v ?ick1 ! %ad[s 7 heavy1 !     
composition 0 n always conclusive or    
well devis$4  ,! "o quality 0 t         

irreproa*able ?r\gh\t all ! ye>s 0 !    
draw+1 :i* 0 always ma/]ly4  ,f ! days (
 ! e>ly ,bodegones d[n to ! ,m5iz nobody
 c\ld f9d a picture 9 :i* 8 draw+ is    
obvi\sly at fault2 al?\gh 9 speak+ (    
,velazquez x is ( c\rse difficult to    
sep>ate draw+ f pa9t+4  ,z he grew up ! 
s5se ( composition & col\r h>mony became
 /rong] & /rong]1 & ! faults pass$4  ,at
 ! same "t1 ,velazquez 0 a sev]e critic 
( 8 own "w1 & a c>eful exam9ation %[s t 
ev5 ^? pictures to :i* no suspicion c   
atta* 7 ret\*$ & correct$ 9 ! mak+4  ,9 
?is c\ntry "o secures little m ?an a    
glimpse ( ! ma/]'s "w4  ,! ,national    
,gall]y has ne>ly a doz5 pictures1 b !re
 are c]ta9 que/ions ab\t ! au!nticity ( 
"s ( !m1 & ! ,philip 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y
 is r m ?an d\btful4  ,! ,wallace       
,collection has a few beautiful examples
 ( ,velazquez1 & aft] t !re are ab\t    
fifty private own]s ( pictures t _c be  
readily se54  ,p]haps a consid]able     
proportion ( ^! works w\ld1 if subject$ 
to v c>eful scrut9y1 reveal !mselves z  

copies by ,mazo or o!rs4  ,9 ,france !re
 are half-a-doz5 f9e pictures 9 !       
,l\vre4  ,g]many c %[ "s 9 ,b]l91       
,dresd51 & ,muni*2 ,holl& has "o or two4
  ,!re are less ?an a doz5 9 all ,italy4
  ,! ,h]mitage ,gall]y 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 
has five or six1 & ,vi5na ab\t twice z  
_m2 b to see ,velazquez "o mu/ g to     
,madrid4  ,! ,museo del ,prado has ov]  
sixty ( ! arti/'s pictures1 & ?\gh a    
small proportion ( ^! h sc>cely a t\* ( 
! ma/]'s h&1 all 8 greate/ "w has f\nd a
 re/+-place "h4  ,las ,lanzas1 ,las     
,hil&]as1 ,las ,m5iz1 ,philip ,,iv4 on  
horseback1 ,don ,bal?as> ,c>los on 8    
pony1 ! ,crucifixion1 ! ,coronation ( ! 
,virg91 ! ,dw>fs1 sop1 ,m5ippus--all ^! 
are to be se5 9 ! ,prado2 ! great] numb]
 be+ 9 ! ,salon ( ,isabella1 an         
octagonal room 9 :i* "o may sp5d long   
h\rs4  ,! writ]1 on ! occasion ( 8 la/  
visit to ,madrid1 made a note ( ! numb] 
( visitors to ! fam\s octagonal room    
dur+ ! f\r morn+s he sp5t !re4  ,9 !    
c\rse ( "s twelve h\rs ! room 0 visit$  

by "s twelve p6  ,x is only fair to say 
t x 0 n 9 ! t\ri/ season2 ! mon? 0      
,june1 & nobody /ay$ 9 ,madrid f *oice4 
,,plate ,,viii4--,,! ,,pr9cess ,,m>ia   
,,!resa ,,( ,,au/ria  ,?is daught] (    
,philip ,,iv4 became ,que5 ( ,france4   
,! picture 0 pa9t$ :5 %e 0 ab\t t5 ye>s 
( age1 & consequ5tly belongs to ! la/   
p]iod ( ,velazquez' "w4  ,x 0 hung 9 !  
,alcaz> until "s "t 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1
 :5 x 0 transf]r$ to ! ,prado4          
,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,viii4    ,!re are
 pictures by ,velazquez to be se5 9     
,madrid outside ! ,prado1 b = ! mo/ "p  
!y are 9 private h\ses1 & are n         
accessible to ev]ybody4  ,seville boa/s 
half-a-doz5 canvases by h] greate/      
pa9t]1 & !re are a few else:]e 9 ,spa92 
b x may be said t ^? :o "k ! ,salon (   
,isabella h se5 ,velazquez at 8 be/1 & t
 ^? :o h se5 8 o!r pictures & h n visit$
 ! ,prado1 d n "k ,velazquez at all4    
,p]haps !re are pleasant surprises yet 9
 /ore = ! art _w1 = _m pictures are /ill
 untrac$4  ,d\btless "s h be5 de/roy$ by

 fire & o!rs are 9 half-=gott5 lumb]    
rooms ( palaces & gall]ies f :i* !y w be
 ga!r$ 9 due c\rse4 ,velazquez owes a   
l>ge "p ( 8 popul>ity 9 ,spa9 to-day to 
! measure ( appreciation he has secur$  
beyond ! bord]s4  ,e second-h& deal] 9  
,madrid or ,seville has a g5u9e ,murillo
 to (f] ! /rang]4  ,x is wor? a ?\s&    
p\nds2 b z ! deal] is an hone/ man1 he w
 sell x fir/ = two hundr$1 !n = "o1 &   
f9ally = fifte5 or ev5 t54  ,b no       
second-h& deal] %[s a g5u9e ,velazquez4 
,he kn[s t at be/ x c\ld only appeal to 
arti/s1 & he kn[s !m = /range folk end[$
 ) mu* en?usiasm1 little money1 & an    
emb>rass+ measure ( k ( ! me?ods by :i* 
g5u9e old ma/]s are creat$ to supply a  
long-felt want4     ,! plates are pr9t$ 
by ,,bemrose ,,dalziel1 ,,ltd41 ,wat=d  
,! text at ! ,,ballantyne ,,press1      
,ed9burgh         ,,9 ,,! ,,same ,,s]ies
    ,,arti/4                    ,,au?or4
    ,,velazquez4                 ,s4 ,l4
 ,,b5susan4   ,,reynolds4               
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4   ,,turn]4           

,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4   ,,romney4          
,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4   ,,greuze4          
,,alys ,,eyre ,,mackl94   ,,botticelli4 
,,h5ry ,b4 ,,b9ns4   ,,rossetti4        
,,luci5 ,,piss>ro4   ,,bell9i4          
,,george ,,hay4   ,,fra ,,angelico4     
,,james ,,mason4   ,,rembr&t4           
,,josef ,,israels4   ,,leighton4        
,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4   ,,raphael4        
,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4   ,,holman ,,hunt4 
,,m>y ,e4 ,,col]idge4   ,,titian4       
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4   ,,c>lo ,,dolci4    
,,george ,,hay4   ,,lu9i4               
,,james ,,mason4   ,,t9toretto4         
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4    ,o!rs 9           
,prep>ation4