,illu/ration3 ,cov] art ,,ma/]pieces ,,9 ,,col\r ,,edit$ ,,by -- ,t4 ,,leman ,,h>e ,,raeburn #agef-ahbc ,,plate ,i4--,,"l ,,newton 7,frontispiece74 7,national ,gall]y ( ,scotl&47 ,?is *ef-d'oeuvre1 :i* dates f ab\t #ahjg1 repres5ts "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ *>act]s :o ev] sat ^u ! b5* ( ! ,c\rt ( ,session4 ,fam\s 9 8 day = law1 paun*1 :i/1 cl>et1 & wor?1 ! exploits ( ,*>les ,hay1 ,! ,mighty1 z he 0 call$1 h become traditions ( ! ,p>liam5t ,h\se4 7,see p4 #gi47 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,i4 ,,raeburn ,,by ,,james ,l4 ,,caw ,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,eight ,,reproductions ,,9 ,,col\r ,illu/ration3 ,title page art ,,london3 ,t4 ,c4 ,e4 ,c4 ,,jack ,,new ,,york3 ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes ,,co4 #aiji ,,cont5ts ,introduction ,*apt] ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,,iv4 ,v4 ,,vi4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,plate ,i4 ,"l ,newton 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,frontispiece 7,national ,gall]y ( ,scotl&7 ,,ii4 ,*ildr5 ( ,mr & ! ,hon4 ,mrs ,pat]son ( ,ca/le ,huntly 7,9 ! possession ( ,*as4 ,j4 ,g4 ,pat]son1 ,esq47 ,,iii4 ,mrs ,lauzun 7,national ,gall]y1 ,london7 ,,iv4 ,mrs ,campbell ( ,balliemore 7,national ,gall]y ( ,scotl&7 ,v4 ,pr(essor ,robison 7,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh7 ,,vi4 ,john ,tait ( ,h>vie/on & 8 ,gr&son 7,9 ! possession ( ,mrs ,pitman7 ,,vii4 ,miss de ,vismes 7,9 ! possession ( ! ,e>l ( ,mansfield7 ,,viii4 ,mrs ,scott ,moncrieff 7,national ,gall]y ( ,scotl&7 ,illu/ration3 ,raeburn ,:5 9 #ahaj1 ,h5ry ,raeburn1 !n at ! height ( 8 p[]s1 propos$ to settle 9 ,london1 ,lawr5ce dissuad$ him4 ,x is unnecess>y1 z x w\ld be unju/1 to ins9uate t ! future ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy _h ult]ior & p]sonal motives 9 urg+ him to re/ cont5t ) 8 supremacy 9 ! ,nor?4 ,raeburn 0 fifty-five at ! "t1 &1 aft] 8 undisput$ reign at home1 ev5 8 g5]\s nature might h tak5 ill ) ! competition insep>able f su* a v5ture4 ,lawr5ce's advice 0 wise 9 _m ways1 & ,raeburn1 secure 9 ! admiration & con/ant patronage ( 8 c\ntrym51 liv$ 8 life to ! end unvex$ by ! petty jeal\sy ( inf]ior rivals4 ,nor 0 recognition conf9$ to ,scotl&4 ,ultimately he 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy1 an hon\r all ! m valu$ because unsolicit$4 ,yet1 _h ! c\rtly ,lawr5ce b kn[n1 acceptance ( 8 advice kept a great] ?an himself f ,london1 &1 x may be1 prev5t$ ! p]petuation & fur!r developm5t ( t tradition ( noble portraiture ( :i* ,raeburn1 ) p]sonal modifications1 0 su* a ma/]4 ,= long also x conf9$ ! ,scotti% pa9t]'s reputation to 8 own c\ntry4 ,=ty ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 8 art 0 s little kn[n 9 ,engl& t ! ,r$graves1 9 _! admirable hi/ory ( ,engli% pa9t+1 relegat$ him to a *apt] head$ ,! ,contempor>ies ( ,lawr5ce4 ,"t br+s its rev5ges1 h[ev]1 & ( late ye>s ,raeburn has tak5 a place 9 ! v front rank ( ,briti% pa9t]s4 ,&1 if ?is recognition has be5 giv5 t>dily by ,engli% critics1 ! reason is to be f\nd 9 want ( acqua9tance ) 8 "w4 ,he _h liv$ & pa9t$ solely 9 ,scotl&1 & ,scotti% art1 l =eign art1 s long z x rema9s at home1 has little int]e/ = ,london1 :i*1 sure ( its attractive p[]1 sits arrogantly /ill till art is br\ght to x4 ,b ,raeburn's "w possesses t inh]5t p[]1 :i*1 se5 by compreh5d+ eyes1 compels admiration4 ,! ,raeburn exhibition held 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #ahgf 0 q local 9 its influ5ce1 b f "t to "t s9ce !n1 at ,! ,old ,ma/]s & else:]e1 admirable examples h be5 %[n 9 ,london2 & rec5t loan collections 9 ,glasg[ & ,ed9burgh1 :]e9 8 a*ievem5t 0 v fully illu/rat$1 7 se5 by l>ge & cosmopolitan audi5ces4 ,& ! bett] 8 "w has become kn[n1 ! m has x be5 appreciat$4 ,collectors & gall]ies at home & abroad are n[ anxi\s to secure examples2 deal]s are z al]t to buy z !y are ke5 to sell2 prices h ris5 /eadily f ! v mode/ sums ( tw5ty ye>s ago until f9e pictures by him fet* z mu* z repres5tative specim5s ( ,reynolds & ,ga9sbor\gh4 ,fa%ion has _h mu* to d ) ?is greatly enhanc$ reputation1 b ano!r1 & m comm5dable cause ( ! appreciation1 n ( ! comm]cial value b ( ! arti/ic m]it ( 8 "w1 lies 9 ! fact t ! qualities :i* dom9ate x are ^? n[ held 9 highe/ e/eem by arti/s & lov]s ( art4 ,isolat$ ?\gh he 01 ,raeburn express$ himself 9 a mann] & a*iev$ pictorial results :i* make 8 a*ievem5t some:at simil> 9 k9d to t ( ,velasquez & ,hals4 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,mr ,,& ,,! ,,hon4 ,,mrs ,,pat]son ,,( ,,ca/le ,,huntly4 7,*>les ,j4 ,g4 ,pat]son1 ,esq47 ,pa9t$ )9 a ye> or two ( ,raeburn's return f ,italy1 "s critics h se51 or ?\ght !y saw1 9 ?is picture ! influ5ce ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,be ?is z x may1 ! h&l+1 light+1 & tone & disposition ( ! col\r are em95tly *>act]i/ic ( mu* ( ! "w done by ,raeburn ab\t #agij4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,ii4 ,i ,if1 dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 ,scotl& has %[n exceptional activity 9 ! arts1 especially 9 pa9t+1 & has produc$ a succession ( arti/s ^: "w is m>k$ by able craftsman%ip & emotional & subjective qualities1 :i* give x a di/9ctive place 9 mod]n pa9t+1 ! m ?an two hundr$ ye>s :i* lay betwe5 ! ,re=mation & ! adv5t ( ,raeburn seem$ to hold little promise ( arti/ic developm5t4 ,dur+ ! ,middle ,ages & ! r5aissance ! int]nal condition ( ! c\ntry 0 too unsettl$ & its res\rces 7 too meagre to make art widely possible4 ,/rong ca/les & beautiful *ur*es 7 built "h & !re1 b int]mitt5t w> on ! bord]s & fe> ( invasion kept ev5 ! m settl$ c5tral di/ricts 9 a /ate ( unre/4 ,moreov]1 ! fi]ce b>ons 7 at con/ant feud among/ !mselves1 & n infrequ5tly ! m p[]ful among/ !m 7 b&$ aga9/ ! ,k+4 ,( ! fir/ five ,jameses only ! la/ di$1 & t mis]ably1 9 8 b$4 ,! innate ta/e ( ! ,/ew>ts1 no d\bt1 creat$ an atmosph]e ( culture 9 ! ,c\rt1 & ?is t5d5cy 0 fur!r /r5g!n$ by comm]cial relations ) ! ,l[ ,c\ntries & political associations ) ,france4 ,poetry & s*ol>%ip 7 enc\rag$1 if poorly rew>d$--"o rememb]s ,dunb>'s unavail+ poetical pleas = a b5efice--& relics & old records %[ t ev5 9 ^? /irr+ times life 0 n )\t its ref9em5ts & ta/eful accessories4 ,yet only 9 ! ,*ur* or = h] s]vice 0 !re ! quietude necess>y = art "w ( ! high] k9ds4 ,!n came ! ,re=mation 7dur+ :i* mu* f9e ecclesia/ical furniture & decoration p]i%$7 sev]+ ! connection ( art ) religion & s[+ di/ru/ ( art 9 any =m4 ,_h ! ,union ( ! ,cr[ns n tak5 place 9 #afjc1 x is possible t ! art ( pa9t+ might h develop$ mu* e>li] ?an x did4 ,no d\bt t ev5t br\ght heal+ to ! long op5 sore caus$ & inflam$ by k+ly ambitions & national animosities1 b x remov$ ! ,c\rt to ,london1 & ) t "s ( ! greate/ nobles1 :ile ! *ange 9 ! religion ( ! rul+ h\se f ,presbyt]ianism to ,episcopacy1 :i* foll[$1 l$ to ! ,cov5ants & ! religi\s p]secution1 & drove ! iron ( ascetism into ! s\ls ( ^? classes f :om arti/s mo/ly spr+4 ,yet ! logical rigidity ( ! ,calv9i/ic _s1 :ile tak+ mu* ( ! joy out ( life & oppos+ its manife/ation 9 art1 _h c]ta9 comp5sat+ advantages4 ,discipl9+ ! m9d1 quick5+ ! reason+ p[]s1 & cultivat+ t grasp ( ess5tials :i* makes = success 9 almo/ any pursuit1 & n lea/ 9 art1 x help$ v l>gely to make ! ,scot :at he is4 ,dur+ ! peaceful ye>s :i* imm$iately foll[$ ! ,union1 !re 0 consid]able activity 9 ! build+ ( c\ntry resid5ces4 ,n[ t ! c\ntry 0 m settl$ ^! 7 less ca/les ?an mansions1 & ! l>g] & bett] light$ ap>tm5ts possible l$ to a good deal ( elaborate decoration4 ,( ?is ,p9kie ,h\se 7#afac7 ) its pa9t$ gall]y is p]haps ! mo/ celebrat$ example4 ,x is difficult1 h[ev]1 to det]m9e h[ mu* ( ?is k9d ( "w 0 done by =eign1 h[ mu* by native craftsm51 & z x seems to h ex]t$ little influ5ce ^u ! "o or two picture-pa9t]s :o em]g$ dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury1 "o ne$ n discuss ! probabilities4 ,s f> z has be5 discov]$1 ! only l9k betwe5 ?is phase ( art & ! o!r consi/s ( ! fact t ,george ,jamesone 7#aeih8-afdd71 ! fir/ cle>ly recognisable ,scotti% arti/1 0 appr5tic$ 9 #afab to "o ,john ,&]sone paynt] 9 ,ed9burgh1 ^: decoration 9 ,gordon ,ca/le is m5tion$ by an old *ronicl]4 ,z might be expect$ 9 ! circum/ances ! ,scotti% ,van ,dyck1 z he is fondly call$1 0 a portrait-pa9t]4 ,he 0 foll[$ by a few o!rs1 su* z ! ,sc\gall family1 ,aikman ,m>%all1 ,wait1 & ! two ,alex&]s1 :o1 al?\gh nei!r s accompli%$ nor s mu* appreciat$ z _! precursor1 =m a nev] q brok5 succession ( portraiti/s betwe5 him & ,allan ,ramsay 7#agac-hd7 9 ^: "w art 9 ,scotl& took a great /ep =w>d4#a ,a few ( ,ramsay's pr$ecessors _h succe$$ 9 supplem5t+ ! meagre in/ruction--if any ?+ t exi/$ c\ld be dignifi$ by t "n--to be obta9$ 9 ,scotl& by a visit to ! ,l[ ,c\ntries or ,italy1 b ,ramsay 0 ! fir/ to obta9 a s\nd te*nical tra9+4 ,! au?or ( ,! ,g5tle ,%eph]d1 to :om ,ed9burgh 0 indebt$ = its fir/ circulat+ libr>y & its fir/ play-h\se1 enc\rag$ 8 son's b5t = art1 & aft] "s prelim9>y /udy 9 ,london1 ,allan fils 0 s5t to ,! seat ( ! ,bea/ beyond ! ,alps1 :]e he became a pupil ( ,solim5a & ,imp]iale & ( ! ,fr5* ,academy4 ,=m$ "u ^! influ5ces1 8 /yle possesses no cle>ly m>k$ national trait1 except x be ! feel+ = "* :i* in=ms 8 f9] "w & makes x1 9 a way1 a l9k betwe5 t ( ,jamesone & t ( ,raeburn4 ,to ?is he add$ a delicate s5se ( tone & a t5d]ness ( col\r & light+1 a gracefulness ( draw+ & a ref9$ accompli%m5t :i* 7 new 9 ,scotti% pa9t+4 ,8 turn = *>m ( pose & grace ( motive 0 pron\nc$1 & 8 portraitures mirror v happily ! mann]$ yet elegant social airs ( ! mid-eighte5? c5tury4 ,m ?an t ( any ,engli% pa9t] ( 8 day1 8 art possesses ,fr5* elegance4 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,mrs ,,lauzun4 7,national ,gall]y47 ,only "o ( ! ?ree ,raeburns 9 ! ,national ,gall]y is an adequate example4 ,?is is ! picture reproduc$4 ,x 0 pa9t$ 9 #agie1 &1 :ile v typical te*nically1 possesses great] *>m ?an mo/ ( ! portraits ( wom5 execut$ by him at t comp>atively e>ly date4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iii4 ,ramsay's activity z a pa9t] co9cid$ ) a rem>kable intellectual movem5t :i*1 mak+ itself felt 9 hi/ory1 philosophy1 sci5ce1 & political economy1 rais$ ,scotl& )9 a few ye>s to a conspicu\s intellectual place 9 ,europe4 ,a product ( ! reaction :i* foll[$ ! n>r[ & int5se !ological ideals :i* _h dom9at$ ,scotl&1 x 0 closely associat$ ) ! reign ( ! ,mod]ates1 :o1 ) _! bread? ( view1 tol]ance1 & intellectual gifts _h become ! mo/ influ5tial p>ty 9 ! ,national ,*ur*4 ,(f]+ an outlet = ! human in/9cts & secul> activities1 x possess$ special attraction = indep5d5t m9ds & induc$ boldness ( speculation & orig9al inve/igation ( ! ph5om5a ( hi/ory & society4 ,intimate ) ! lead]s 9 ?is movem5t1 ,ramsay1 be=e he left ,ed9burgh = ,london1 0 active 9 ! =mation 7#aged7 ( ! ,select ,society1 :i* 9 addition to its ma9 object--! improvem5t ( its memb]s 9 reason+ & eloqu5ce--s\ght to enc\rage ! arts & sci5ces & to improve ! mat]ial & social condition ( ! p4 ,x 0 9 ?is m g5ial atmosph]e t ,h5ry ,raeburn 0 re>$4 ,born 9 #agef1 ,raeburn 0 n too late to pa9t _m ( ! mo/ gift$ ( ! old] g5]ation4 ,david ,hume1 :o sat to ,ramsay m ?an once1 0 dead be=e ! new light rose above ! horizon1 & ! appe>ance ( ,adam ,smi? does n seem to be record$ except 9 a ,tassie m$allion2 b ,black1 ! fa!r ( mod]n *emi/ry1 & ,hutton1 ! orig9ator ( mod]n geology1 7 among/ 8 e>ly sitt]s2 & f9e works 9 a m mature mann] h ,pr9cipal ,rob]tson1 ,james ,watt1 ! eng9e]1 ,adam ,f]guson1 ! hi/orian1 ,dugald ,/ew>t1 ! philosoph]1 & o!rs sc>cely less int]e/+ = subject4 ,& ( 8 own imm$iate contempor>ies--! cycle ( ,walt] ,scott--he has left an almo/ complete gall]y4 ,nor 7 8 sitt]s less =tunate4 ,if !y br\ght f9e heads to be pa9t$1 he pa9t$ !m ) wond]ful insight grasp ( "*1 & great pictorial p[]4 #a ,j4 ,mi*ael ,wright 7#afbe8-agjj871 at 8 be/ probably ! f9e/ native pa9t] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 w5t to ,engl&4 ,,ii4 ,desc5d$ f a race ( bonnet-lairds1 :o took _! "n f a hill f>m 9 ! ,bord] di/rict1 ,rob]t ,raeburn1 ! arti/'s fa!r1 seems to h come to ,ed9burgh z a "y man 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,at t "t ! city _h exp&$ b little beyond ! limits m>k$ by ! ,flodd5 wall4 ,! high grey l&s along ! w9dy ridge betwe5 ! ,ca/le & ,holyrood 7 /ill t5ant$ by ! upp] classes1 & su* ext5sion z _h be5 0 t[>ds ! ,mead[s4 ,! new t[n _h n be5 project$ ev51 & on ! slopes1 n[ occupi$ by its spaci\s /reets & squ>es1 copse-woods & grass & hea!r grew4 ,9 ! holl[ at ! foot ( ^! gre5 braes1 & by ! side ( ! ,wat] ( ,lei?1 a *a9 ( little hamlets--,dean1 ,/ockbridge1 & ,canon-mills--ne/l$1 & 9 ! mid-mo/ ( ^! ,rob]t ,raeburn e/abli%$ himself z a y>n-boil]4 ,al?\gh 9 ! c\ntry1 8 home 0 less ?an a mile f ,/ ,giles's ,kirk4 ,8 bus9ess appe>s to h prosp]$1 & dur+ ! e>ly =ties he m>ri$ ,miss ,ann ,eld]4 ,!re 0 a diff]5ce ( twelve ye>s 9 ! ages ( _! two sons1 ,william & ,h5ry1 & ! y\ng] 0 no m ?an six :5 bo? fa!r & "m di$4 ,left to ! c>e ( 8 bro!r1 :o c>ri$ on ! bus9ess1 ,h5ry ,raeburn 0 nom9at$ = ma9t5ance & education at ,h]iot's ,hospital by ,mrs ,s>ah ,s&il&s or ,durham 9 #agfd1 & rema9$ sev5 ye>s 9 ! s*ool1 :i* ow$ its orig9 to ! beque/ ( ,george ,h]iot1 jewell] to ,james ,,vi4 & ,i4 9 ,ed9burgh & lat] 9 ,london4 ,_m boys _h be5 educat$ on ,j+l+ ,geordie's f\ndation1 b ,raeburn 0 to be its mo/ di/+ui%$ product4 ,he does n seem to h di/+ui%$ himself specially z a s*ol>1 h[ev]1 ! two prizes aw>d$ to him hav+ be5 = writ+1 & at ! age ( fifte5 or sixte5 he 0 appr5tic$ to a jewell] & goldsmi? 9 ,p>liam5t ,close4 ,?is *oice ( a call+ 0 probably sugge/$ by ! lad's own incl9ations1 b x 0 a /roke ( good =tune t gave him ,james ,gillil& z a ma/]4 ,no craft !n practis$ 9 ! ,scotti% capital 0 s likely to h be5 cong5ial to him4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury a silv]smi? made z well z sold plate & ornam5ts1 & 9 8 ma/]'s %op ,raeburn mu/ h le>n$ to use 8 h&s & may h acquir$ "s idea ( design4 ,9 addition ,gillil& seems to h be5 a man ( "s ta/e--"o ( 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds1 ,david ,deu*>1 ! seal-engrav]1 devot$ 8 leisure to et*+1 & execut$ _m plates aft] ,holbe9 & ! ,dut* ma/]s4 ,x 0 to ! latt] t ,raeburn ow$ 8 fir/ lessons 9 art4 ,surpris+ 8 fri5d's appr5tice at "w on a draw+ ( himself1 ,deu*>1 /ruck by ! tal5t display$1 inquir$ if he _h _h any in/ruction4 ,no1 he _h n1 wi%$ he _h1 b c\ld n af=d x1 ! y\? repli$2 & ,deu*at's (f] to give him a lesson once or twice a week 0 accept$ eag]ly4 ,! /ory is pleasant & circum/antial en\gh to be cr$ible2 & ! exi/5ce ( an e>ly ,raeburn m9iature ( ,deu*> is evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( fri5d%ip betwe5 ! two4 ,b1 z a free draw+-s*ool _h be5 f\nd$ 9 #agfj by ! ,hon\rable ! ,bo>d ( ,manufactures = ! precise object ( enc\rag+ & improv+ design = manufactures1 ! impossibility ( ,raeburn receiv+ in/ructions ( "s k9d 0 less ?an seems to be impli$4 ,x is true1 ( c\rse1 t ! tea*+ !n giv5 0 exce$+ly elem5t>y1 & t x 0 n until aft] ! appo9tm5t 9 #agih ( ,john ,graham#a 7#aged-ahag7 z preceptor t ! ,tru/ees' ,academy 0 develop$ & began to ex]cise a def9ite & inde$ a pr(\nd influ5ce on ,scotti% pa9t+4 ,f #agga1 ! ye> 9 :i* ,raeburn left ,h]iot's1 until 8 dea?1 ,alex&] ,runciman 7#agcf-he71 ! ,sir ,brim/one ( a convivial club ( ! day & an arti/ ( great ambition & "s gifts1 if little real accompli%m5t1 9 hi/ory pa9t+1 0 ma/]1 h[ev]1 & tradition has x t ,raeburn took ! tone ( 8 col\r f t pa9t]'s "w4 ,b no record exi/s ( ,raeburn hav+ be5 a pupil ( ! s*ool1 & he does n appe> to h receiv$ any m tra9+ ?an 0 involv$ 9 ! relation%ips ) 8 ma/] & 8 ma/]'s fri5d :i* h be5 describ$4 ,ev5 subsequ5t introduction to ,david ,m>t9 7#agcg-ih71 :o settl$ 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #agge1 :5 ,raeburn 0 n9ete51 meant little m4 ,by t "t1 or little lat]1 he _h almo/ c]ta9ly come to an arrangem5t "u :i* 8 ma/] cancell$ 8 ind5ture1 & receiv$ z comp5sation a %>e 9 ! prices receiv$ = ! m9iatures to :i* ,raeburn n[ *iefly devot$ himself1 & = :i* ,gillil& probably help$ to secure commissions4 ,^! m9iatures1 ( :i* few h surviv$1 recognisable z 8 "w at lea/1 possess no v m>k$ arti/ic qualities4 ,drawn ) c>e & n )\t consid]able s5se ( con/ruction1 !y are t5d]ly modell$ b n /ippl$1 & ! col\r is cool & r negative 9 "*4 ,! frank way 9 :i* ! sitt]s are reg>d$1 & ! light+ & plac+ ( ! heads are almo/ ! only elem5ts :i* h9t _! au?or%ip4 ,!y are simple & /raight-=w>d lik5esses r ?an works ( art & be> no obvi\s relation%ip to ! elegant bibelots or deeply-se>*$ portraits 9 little ( ! contempor>y ,engli% s*ool ( m9iaturi/s4 ,b obvi\sly !y 7 "s prep>ation = ! developm5t :i* foll[$1 :51 soon aft]w>ds & almo/ at once1 he pass$ f wat]-col\r m9iature to life-size portraiture 9 oil pa9t4 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,mrs ,,campbell ,,( ,,balliemore4 7,national ,gall]y ( ,scotl&47 ,?is is "o ( ! f9e/ ( ! _m f9e portraits by ,raeburn 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,gall]y4 ,its place 9 ! arti/'s "w is discuss$ on page #fc4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iv4 ,! rapid expansion ( ,ed9burgh provid$ new opportunities & help$ to ,raeburn's e>ly success4 ,:5 he 0 eight ye>s old ! build+ ( ! ,nor? ,bridge1 :i* 0 to connect ! old city ) ! project$ new t[n on ! o!r side ( ! valley1 0 begun1 & by ! "t he atta9$ 8 majority _m ( ! well-to-d _h migrat$4 ,! new di/rict meant bigg] h\ses & l>g] rooms1 &1 ) ! increase 9 weal? :i* foll[$ ! comm]cial & agricultural developm5t ( ! c\ntry ( :i* ! city 0 ! capital1 l$ to alt]ations 9 ! habits & expansion ( ! ideals ( its inhabitants4 ,x 0 probably ! op5+ = an arti/ (f]$ by ^! alt]$ circum/ances :i* _h br\ght ,m>t9 to ,ed9burgh1 & c]ta9ly ,raeburn 0 =tunate 9 t 8 em]g5ce co9cid$ ) !m4 ,an attractive & clev] lad devot+ himself to art 9 a community increas+ 9 weal? & exp&+ 9 ideas1 & ) a sympa!tic ma/] com+ 9 contact ) ! upp] classes1 ,raeburn c\ld n fail to make acqua9tances able & will+ to help him4 ,among/ ^! 0 ,john ,cl]k1 y\ng] ( ,eld91 lat] a fam\s advocate1 ?r\gh :om ! "y arti/ got into t\* ) ! ,p5icuik family :i* = sev]al g5]ations _h be5 notable = its int]e/ 9 ! arts4 ,& ?is w\ld lead to o!r introductions4 #a ,sir ,david ,wilkie1 ,sir ,william ,allan1 & o!rs 7 pupils ( ,graham4 ,,iii4 ,! influ5ces :i* affect$ ,raeburn & ! models ^u :i* he =m$ ei!r 8 /yle or 8 me?od are difficult to trace4 ,allan ,ramsay1 hav+ pa9t$ _m portraits 9 ,ed9burgh be=e he w5t to ,london 9 ! same ye> z ,raeburn 0 born1 w\ld be1 "o w\ld ?9k1 ! mo/ likely s\rce ( inspiration4 ,except ,runciman1 :o occasionally v>i$ hi/orical subjects by portraits pa9t$ 9 a broad b some:at empty mann]1 & ,seaton1 an arti/ ( :om little is kn[n b ^: r>e & seldom se5 portraits possess a bread? ( h&l+ & a simplicity ( design :i* give ! be/ ( !m a c]ta9 di/9ction--c !y h be5 an influ5ce ) ,raeburn8--! ,scotti% portrait-pa9t]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury 7 mu* influ5c$ by ,ramsay1 & ,m>t9 _h be5 8 fav\rite pupil4 ,raeburn's connection ) ! latt] 0 v slight1 h[ev]4 ,beyond giv+ ! y\? ! entre to 8 /udio & l5d+ him a few pictures to copy1 ,m>t9 does n seem to h be5 ( mu* direct assi/ance1 & ev5 ^! little c\rtesies come to an end :5 ! pa9t] to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales = ,scotl& unju/ly accus$ ! jewell]'s appr5tice ( hav+ sold "o ( ! copies he _h be5 all[$ to make4 ,rum\r1 (t5 a/ray b n[ & !n hitt+ ! m>k1 said t ! real reason 0 jeal\sy ( ! y\ng] man's gr[+ p[]s4 ,raeburn's debt to ,ramsay & ,m>t9 0 !re=e inconsid]able & indirect4 ,x is n traceable 9 ! te*nique or arrangem5t ( 8 e>lie/ kn[n pictures1 su* z ! full-l5g? ,george ,*alm]s 9 ,dunf]ml9e ,t[n ,hall1 :i* 0 pa9t$ 9 #aggf1 :5 ! arti/ 0 tw5ty4 ,probably sight ( ,m>t9's pictures 9 progress 0 an inc5tive to "w r ?an a =mative influ5ce on 8 developm5t z a pa9t]4 ,he _h1 says ,allan ,cunn+ham1 writ+ )9 a few ye>s ( ,raeburn's dea?1 to make exp]im5ts1 & drudge to acquire :at belongs to ! me*anical lab\r1 & n to ! g5ius ( 8 art4 ,8 fir/ difficulty 0 ! prep>ation ( 8 col\rs2 putt+ !m on ! palette1 & apply+ !m accord+ to ! rules ( art taught 9 ! academies4 ,all ?is he _h to seek out = himself4 ,&1 if probably exagg]at$1 ! /atem5t gives "s idea ( ! difficulties ) :i* he _h to cont5d4 ,!re 7 at t "t no exhibitions & no public collections ( pictures :]e a y\? ( g5u9e in/9ct c\ld h glean$ h9ts z to te*nical proc$ure1 b !re 7 at lea/ portraits 9 a numb] ( h\ses 9 ! city & di/rict1 & f ^! & f pr9ts aft] ! ,ma/]s1 ( :i* ,deu*>1 an et*] himself1 evid5tly possess$ examples1 ,raeburn no d\bt d]iv$ mu* in/ruction z to design1 ! use ( *i>oscuro & ! l4 ,x has also be5 sugge/$ ) consid]able likelihood t mezzot9ts aft] portraits by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds _h a consid]able effect ^u him4 ,,plate ,v4--,,pr(essor ,,robison4 7,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh47 ,pa9t$ ab\t #agih1 ,pr(essor ,robison is "o ( ! mo/ notable portraits pa9t$ by ,raeburn be=e #ahjj4 ,x repres5ts ! culm9ation ( 8 premi] c\p mann]4 7,see pp4 #fc & #gc47 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,v4 ,pass+ f supposition1 :i*1 h[ev] int]e/+ & plausible1 ?r[s no v def9ite light ^u ! =mation ( ,raeburn's /yle1 to 8 e>ly "w itself1 "o f9ds x *iefly rem>kable = frank r5d]+ ( "*4 ,obvi\sly he believ$ 9 8 own eyes1 & s\ght simple & direct ways = ! expression ( 8 vision4 ,c]ta9 ( :at he saw1 & desir+ to set x d[n z he saw x1 lack ( tra9+ 9 ! traditional me?ods ( pa9t+ by process probably l$ him to attempt direct realisation 9 pa9t4 ,"h is at once ! simple/ & ! mo/ reasonable explanation ( h[ he became an expon5t ( direct pa9t+1 ( h[1 isolat$ ?\gh x 01 8 art came to be p]haps ! mo/ emphatic /atem5t ( ?is p>ticul> me?od ( h&l+ betwe5 ,velasquez & ,hals & comp>atively rec5t times4 ,( c\rse at ?is e>ly /age 8 te*nical accompli%m5t 0 n at all equal to 8 frankness ( vision4 ,8 draw+1 al?\gh express+ "*1 0 unc]ta9 & n fully con/ructive2 8 s5se ( design 0 r /iff & occasionally some:at ar*aic 9 "*2 8 h&l+ & modell+1 if broad & c\rage\s1 7 insuffici5tly support$ by k2 8 col\r 0 apt to be dull & monoton\s1 or1 :5 break+ f t1 pat*y & crude 9 its m def9ite notes :i* d n fuse suffici5tly ) _! surr\nd+s4 ,gradually ^! defici5cies 7 ma/]$1 b 9 "s degree !y p]si/ 9 mo/ ( ! comp>atively few portraits :i* c be said ) c]ta9ty to h be5 pa9t$ be=e he w5t to ,italy4 ,he _h be5 9 no hurry to g4 ,ev] s9ce m>riage ) "o ( 8 sitt]s 9 #aggh1 :5 he 0 only tw5ty-two1 8 future _h be5 secure4 ,! lady1 ne ,ann ,edg> ( ,bridgel&s1 ,peeble%ire1 br\ght him a consid]able =tune4 ,! wid[ ( ,james ,leslie--:o trac$ 8 desc5t to ,sir ,george ,leslie1 fir/ ,b>on ( ,balquha9 7#acea71 & :o1 aft] 8 pur*ase ( ,deanhaugh 9 #aggg1a 0 spok5 ( z ,c\nt ( ,deanhaugh--%e 0 twelve ye>s ! arti/'s s5ior1 & _h ?ree *ildr52 b ! m>riage turn$ out mo/ happily = all conc]n$4 ,raeburn w5t to live at 8 wife's prop]ty1 :i* lay n f> f 8 bro!r's h\se & factory at ,/ockbridge1 &1 al?\gh sitt]s increas$ ) 8 gr[+ reputation until he is said to h be5 q indep5d5t ( 8 wife's income1 he does n appe> to h _h a sep>ate /udio4 ,probably 8 ,ed9burgh cli5ts w5t to ,deanhaugh1 & at times he seems to h pa9t$ portraits at ! c\ntry h\ses ( ! g5try4 ,b 9 #aghe desire to see & le>n m ?an 0 possible at home took him to ,italy4 ,:ile 9 ,london he made ! acqua9tance ( ,reynolds1 9 ^: /udio he may h work$ = a few weeks1 & ,sir ,jo%ua's advice confirm+ 8 orig9al int5tion1 ,raeburn & 8 wife w5t to ,rome1 :]e !y resid$ ab\t two ye>s4 ,:5 p>t+ ,reynolds took him aside & :isp]$3 ,"y man1 ,i "k no?+ ab\t y\r circum/ances4 ,"y pa9t]s are seldom ri*2 b if money be necess>y = y\r /udies abroad1 say s1 & y %all n want x4 ,money 0 n ne$$1 b lett]s ( introduction 7 accept$ gladly2 & ev] aft]w>ds ,raeburn m5tion$ ! "n ( ,sir ,jo%ua ) mu* respect4 #a ,if1 z /at$ by ,cumb]l& ,hill 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,/ockbridge1 ,leslie b\ght ,deanhaugh 9 #aggg1 & if1 z /at$ by ,cunn+ham & o!rs1 ,raeburn m>ri$ 9 #aggh1 ! lady c h be5 a wid[ = only a few mon?s4 ,,iv4 ,9 ^! days ( rapid travel1 ! transition f nor? to s\? is exce$+ly /rik+4 ,leav+ ,london "o spe$s pa/ ! pleasant ,surrey fields & lanes & woodl&s1 & ?r\gh ! s(t roll+ gre5 d[ns1 & 9 ! aft]noon & ev5+ sees ! less famili> b n /range wide planes & popl>-fr+$ riv]s ( ,nor!rn ,france1 to op5 "o's eyes next morn+ ^u ! br[n sun-bak$ l&s1 ) _! /range s\!rn gr[?s1 :i* lie beh9d ,m>seilles2 & all day z ! tra9 ?und]s along ! ,rivi]a1 ?r\gh olive g>d5s & v9ey>ds1 "o has glimpses ( /rangely picturesque :ite-wall$ & _m-col\r$ %utt]$ t[ns fr++ ! broad bays or clu/]+ on ! rocks above little h>b\rs1 & dr9ks a /range en*antm5t f great vi/as ( lovely coa/ wa%$ by blue wat]s & gladd5$ by radiant sun%9e4 ,& on ! second morn+1 issu+ into ! great squ>e be=e ! /ation1 y h y\r fir/ sight ( ,rome4 ,,plate ,,vi4--,,john ,,tait ,,( ,,h>vie/on ,,& ,,8 ,,gr&son4 7,mrs ,pitman47 ,"o ( ! arti/'s mo/ virile & tr5*ant p]=mances1 x 0 pa9t$ 9 #agih-i4 ,! *ild 0 introduc$ aft] ! gr&fa!r's dea?4 7,see p4 #fc47 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vi4 ,yet impressive z ^! transitions are1 !y are no?+ to ! contra/ :i* ,rome pres5t$ to ! /rang] f ! nor? 9 ! eighte5? c5tury :51 aft] sl[ & long & we>y travell+1 he rea*$ 8 goal4 ,!n ,rome 0 /ill a t[n ( ! r5aissance impos$ ^u a city ( ! anci5ts2 & "u ! aegis ( ! ,papacy pres]v$ aspects ( life & "* :i* diff]$ little f ^? ( ?ree or f\r c5turies e>li]4 ,aft] ! grey metropolis ( ! nor?1 ) its s(tly lum9\s or cl\dy skies1 its sombr5ess ( aspect1 its calv9i/ic religi\s atmosph]e1 its int]e/ 9 sci5ce & philosophy1 & its want ( int]e/ 9 ! arts1 ! cle> sun%9y air ( ! ,et]nal ,city1 its picturesque & cr[d$ life1 its gorge\s ecclesia/ical c]emonies & processions1 its monum5ts ( art & ar*itecture1 & its cosmopolitan cot]ies ( eag] dilettanti discuss+ ! late/ ar*aeological discov]ies1 & ( arti/s /udy+ ! a*ievem5ts ( ! pa/1 mu/ h =m$ an extraord9>y contra/1 ,yet ,raeburn1 mu* z ^! novel & /irr+ surr\nd+s w\ld /rike him1 rema9$ true to 8 own impressions ( reality & 0 unaffect$ 9 8 arti/ic ideals4 ,almo/ alone ( ! =eign arti/s !n resid5t 9 ,rome1 he 0 unaffect$ by ! pseudo-classicism :i* prevail$4 ,9 "p a product ( emasculat$ academic tradition1 & 9 "p ! result ( philosophical speculations1 ^u :i* ! discov]ies at ,pompeii & ! excavations !n tak+ place 9 ,rome _h _h a /rong influ5ce1 x 0 an attitude :i* f\nd$ itself ^u ! pa/ & oppos$ ! direct /udy ( nature4 ,gav9 ,hamilton 7#agbc-ih7 & ,jacob ,m 7#agdj8-ic7 two ( its mo/ conspicu\s pictorial expon5ts 7 ,scots by bir?1 b !y _h liv$ s long abroad t ,scotl& _h become to !m little m ?an a memory4 ,! "w ( ! =m] 0 9 _m ways an embodim5t ( ! curr5t dilettante conception ( art1 & k9dr$ 9 k9d1 ?\gh e>li] 9 date1 to t ( ,jacques ,l\is ,david 7#agdh-ahbe7 "u ^: sway1 t[>ds ! close ( ! c5tury1 classic ideals came to dom9ate ! art ( ,europe outside ^! isles4 ,8 usefulness to ,raeburn 0 *iefly t ( a cic]one4 ,!re 0 little ( an ar*aeological k9d ) :i* he 0 unacqua9t$1 & he 0 s fam\s a discov]] ( antiquities t ! sup]/iti\s ,romans ?\ght t he 0 9 league ) ! devil4 ,! l&scapes ( ,m1 ?\gh highly prais$ by ,goe!1 w\ld appeal to ,raeburn little m ?an did ! sublime hi/orical designs ( ,hamilton4 ,!y 7 b dilutions1 frequ5tly flav\r$ ) melodramatic s5tim5t1 ( ! noble conv5tion =mulat$ by ,claude & ! ,p\ss9s4 ,raeburn1 on ! o!r h&1 _h look$ at man & nature inquir+ly1 & _h evolv$ a mann] ( express+ ! results ( 8 obs]vation = himself4 ,moreov] he 0 pa/ ! easily impressionable age1 & turn$ 8 opportunities to direct & practical uses4 ,he us$ to decl>e t ! advice ( ,james ,byres 7#agcd-ahah87 ( ,tonley1 :o1 9 ,raeburn's own words1 0 a man ( great g5]al in=mation1 a pr(\nd antiqu>y1 & "o ( ! be/ judges p]haps ( ev]y?+ connect$ ) art 9 ,great ,brita91 0 ! mo/ valuable lesson he receiv$ :ile abroad4 ,nev] pa9t any?+ except y h x be=e y 0 :at 8 fri5d urg$1 &1 :ile ,raeburn1 to judge f 8 e>ly portraits1 did n /& greatly 9 ne$ ( ! injunction1 x probably /r5g!n$ him 9 8 own beliefs4 ,be t z x may he seems to h us$ 8 /ay 9 ,italy pr9cipally to wid5 8 te*nical exp]i5ce1 & 8 "w aft] 8 return 0 ri*] & full] ?an :at he _h done previ\sly4 ,no record ( any special /udy he may h und]tak5 or ( ! pictures he p>ticul>ly admir$ exi/s4 ,ev5 gossip is sil5t z reg>ds 8 pref]5ces1 except 9 s f> z x is said t :ile 9 ,rome he came ne> to pref]r+ sculpture to pa9t+4 ,v4 ,arriv$ back 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #aghg1 ,raeburn took a /udio 9 ! new t[n1 &1 ) 8 enhanc$ p[]s & ! add$ pre/ige due to 8 soj\rn abroad1 soon occupi$ a comm&+ place4 ,few agre$ ) ,m>t9 t ! lad 9 ,george ,/reet pa9t$ bett] be=e he w5t to ,italy1 = if ! majority 7 unaw>e ( 8 high arti/ic gifts1 none c\ld be unconsci\s ( ! vital & conv9c+ quality ( 8 portraitures4 ,8 e>li] sitt]s includ$ "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ p 9 ,scotl&4 ,"l ,presid5t ,dundas mu/ h be5 among/ ! v fir/ = he di$ be=e ! end ( ! ye>4 ,ere long 8 position 0 unassailable1 & dur+ ! five-&-?irty ye>s t foll[$ he pa9t$ practically ev]ybody :o 0 anybody4 ,burns is probably ! only great ,scotsman ( t epo* :o 0 n immortalis$ by 8 bru%1 = ! miss+ lik5ess1 :i* has be5 discov]$ s (t51 0 n pa9t$ f life b f ,nasmy?'s portrait4 ,f ! "t he return$ home until #ahji1 :5 he pur*as$ ! adjo9+ prop]ty (f ,/ ,b]n>d's1 ,raeburn liv$ at ,deanhaugh4#a ,! junction ( ^! small e/ates enabl$ him to feu ! outly+ p>ts on plans prep>$ by himself1 ar*itecture be+ "o ( 8 hobbies1 & 8 family's connection ) !m is /ill m>k$ by su* names z ,raeburn ,place1 ,ann ,/reet 7aft] 8 wife71 ,leslie ,place1 ,/ ,b]n>d's ,cresc5t1 & ,deanhaugh ,/reet4 ,"s ye>s e>li] cont9u\s increase 9 ! numb] ( 8 cli5ts _h r5d]$ a *ange ( /udio desirable1 & 9 #agie he mov$ f ,george ,/reet to #af 7n[ #cb7 ,york ,place :]e he _h built a specially design$ & spaci\s /udio1 ) a suite ( rooms = ! display ( rec5tly complet$ "w or ( portraits he _h pa9t$ = himself4 ,at a lat] date1 :5 exhibitions 7 inaugurat$ 9 ,ed9burgh 7fir/ s]ies #ahjh-ac71 he l5t ! %[-rooms to ! ,society ( ,arti/s :i* organis$ !m4 ,?is action 0 typical ( ,raeburn's cordial relations ) 8 fell[-arti/s1 mo/ ( :om 7 poor & socially unimportant2 & only a ye> be=e 8 dea? he *ampion$ ! pr(essional arti/s :51 p>tly 9 opposition to ! ,royal ,in/itution1 !y propos$ to =m an ,academy4 ,incid5tally also1 ! lett] writt5 on t occasion1 :i* ,i h transcrib$ 9 full 9 ,scotti% ,pa9t+2 ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 gives an indication ( ! ext5t ( 8 practice1 ( h[ fully he 0 engag$4 ,until #ahjh ,raeburn's c>e] _h be5 "o unbrok5 success1 b 9 t ye>1 foll[+ ^u ! failure ( 8 son1 f9ancial disa/] ov]took him4 ,! firm ( ,h5ry ,raeburn & ,company1 m]*ants1 ,%ore1 ,lei?1 consi/$ ( ,h5ry ,raeburn1 ,junior1 & ,james ,philip ,+lis1 :o _h m>ri$ ,anne ,leslie1 ! arti/'s /ep-daught]1 b nei!r ! ,ed9burgh ,gazette nor ! local ,directory /ates ! nature ( _! bus9ess4 ,9 ! proce$+s 9 connection ) ,raeburn's own bankruptcy1 h[ev]1 he is describ$ z portrait-pa9t] & und]writ]4 ,:at und]writ] exactly means is unc]ta91 b x may be t ! son 0 a m>9e-insurance brok]1 t ,raeburn himself took m>9e-insurance risks4 ,9 any case 8 ru9 seem$ complete4 ,n only did he lose all 8 sav+s b he _h ev5 to sell ! ,york ,place /udio1 ( :i* he 0 aft]w>ds only t5ant4 ,he fail$1 paid a composition1 &1 two ye>s lat]1 propos$ settl+ 9 ,london4 ,by ^? ( 8 biograph]s :o h notic$ x at all1 ?is failure & ! contemplat$ removal s\? h be5 v closely associat$4 ,b a m c>eful exam9ation ( ! :ole circum/ances makes su* an assumption r d\btful4 ,alex&] ,cunn+ham1 9 a lett] writt5 on #af? ,febru>y #ahjh1 tells a correspond5t--,i _h a walk ( ?ree h\rs on ,sunday ) my wor?y fri5d1 ,raeburn4 ,he _h realis$ ne>ly #ag1jjj1 :i* is all gone4 ,he has (f]$ a small composition1 :i* he is 9 hopes w be accept$4 ,he quits ?is to try 8 fate 9 ,london1 :i* ,i tru/ 9 ,god w be successful4 ,:ile ,i write ?is ,i feel ! te> />t4 ,s f> ! connection is evid5t en\gh4 ,b al?\gh ! arti/ receiv$ 8 dis*>ge 9 ,june ( ! same ye>1#b x 0 n until two ye>s lat] t he took active /eps t[>ds c>ry+ out 8 idea4#c ,! "t 0 highly propiti\s4 ,hoppn] _h j di$ 7#bcrd ,janu>y #ahaj71 & ,wilkie records 9 8 j\rnal 7,m>* #bnd7 t he _h he>d t t arti/'s h\se 0 to be tak5 = ,raeburn4 ,lawr5ce 0 n[ )\t a rival 9 ! metropolis1 & ,raeburn's tal5t 0 ( a k9d :i* w\ld soon h comm&$ att5tion !re4 ,! op5+ 0 obvi\s1 b ,raeburn's reception by ! g5tlem5 ( ! ,royal ,academy1 :5 he visit$ ,london 9 ,may1 0 n v cordial1 & =tunately = ,scotl&1 if n = himself1 he 0 p]suad$ to rema9 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,f !n onw>d ! fates 7 k9d4 ,to quote 8 own words1 writt5 9 #ahbb1 my bus9ess1 ?\gh x may fall (f1 _c admit ( enl>gem5t4 ,wid] recognition also came to him4 ,he _h exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy z e>ly z #agib1 b x 0 #ahaj be=e he became a regul> contributor1 & 9 #ahab he 0 elect$ an ,associate1 full memb]%ip foll[+ ?ree ye>s lat]4 ,j prior to 8 advancem5t to ,academician rank1 he wrote "o ( ! few lett]s by him t h be5 pres]v$3--,i obs]ve :at y say respect+ ! election ( an ,r4,a42 b :at am ,i to d "h8 ,!y "k t ,i am on _! li/2 if !y *oose to elect me )\t solicitation1 x w be ! m hon\rable to me1 & ,i w ?9k ! m ( x2 b if x c only be obta9$ by means ( solicitation & canvass+1 ,i mu/ give up all hopes ( x1 = ,i w\ld ?9k x unfair to employ ^? means4 ,no d\bt election 0 p>ticul>ly gratify+ to ,raeburn4 ,isolat$ z he 0 9 ,ed9burgh1 :]e an ,academy did n come into exi/5ce until "s ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 x mu/ h be5 /imulat+ to receive su* tangible assurance ( t appreciation ( "o's fell[-work]s :i* is ! mo/ grateful =m ( admiration to ! arti/4 ,he reciprocat$ by (f]+ z 8 diploma "w ! impressive portrait ( himself1 :i* is n[ "o ( ! treasures ( ! ,national ,gall]y ( ,scotl&4 ,! rules ( ! ,academy1 h[ev]1 =bade ! acceptance ( a self-portrait1 & 9 #ahba he gave ! ,boy ) ,rabbit--a portrait ( 8 /ep-gr&son1 b "o ( 8 mo/ g5re-l pieces4 ,o!r ,academic diplomas receiv$ lat] 7 ^? ( ! ,academies ( ,flor5ce1 ,new ,york1 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,a ye> be=e he di$ ^! arti/ic laurels 7 supplem5t$ by royal fav\r4 ,on ! occasion ( t nev]-to-be-=gott5 ev5t--to ^? :o took "p 9 x--! fir/ visit ( a ,k+ to ,scotl& s9ce ! ,union ( ,p>liam5ts1 ,raeburn 0 pres5t$ to ,george ,,iv4 & knight$4 ,8 fell[ arti/s m>k$ _! appreciation ( ?is fre% di/9ction by ent]ta9+ him to a public d9n]1 at :i* ! *airman1 ,alex&] ,nasmy?1 ! doy5 ( ! local pa9t]s1 decl>$ t !y lov$ him z a man n less ?an !y admir$ him z an arti/4 ,& 9 ! foll[+ ,may1 ! ,k+ appo9t$ him 8 limn] & pa9t] 9 ,scotl&1 ) all fees1 pr(its1 sal>ies1 rights1 privileges1 & advantages !reto belong+4 ,raeburn did n long enjoy ^! new hon\rs4 ,9 ,july1 a day or two aft] return+ f an ar*aeological excursion 9 ,fife%ire )1 among/ o!rs1 ,sir ,walt] ,scott & ,miss ,edgewor?1 he became sudd5ly ill1 took to b$1 & 9 less ?an a week 0 dead4 #a ,all ,raeburn's biograph]s foll[ ,cunn+ham 9 /at+ t ,raeburn succe$$ to ,/ ,b]n>d's on ! dea? ( 8 bro!r 9 #aghg or #aghh4 ,x 0 n s1 h[ev]4 ,! intimation 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,ev5+ ,c\rant1 ( #ac? ,decemb] #ahaj1 reads1 ,di$ on ! #f? ,decemb] ,mr ,william ,raeburn1 manufactur]1 ,/ockbridge2 & ! title de$s ( ,/ ,b]n>d's %[ t ! arti/ pur*as$ x f ! tru/ees ( ! late ,mrs ,m>g>et ,ross 9 ,octob] #ahji4 #b ,h5ry ,raeburn ,co4's affairs 7 n settl$ until ,m>* #ahaj4 #c ,t 8 own affairs 7 n only settl$ b 7 aga9 highly prosp]\s be=e ?is is app>5t f 8 hav+ pur*as$ ,/ ,b]n>d's 9 #ahji4 ,,vi4 ,:ile ,raeburn's attitude to reality 0 det]m9$ & 8 /yle 0 =m$ to a great ext5t be=e he w5t abroad1 8 ideas ( pictorial effect 7 broad5$ & 8 te*nical res\rces enri*$ by 8 soj\rn 9 ,italy4 ,"s ( ! "w execut$ imm$iately aft] 8 return1 su* z ! portraits ( ,"l ,presid5t ,dundas1 ,neil ,g[1 ! fam\s fiddl]1 & ! e>li] ( two portraits ( 8 fri5d ,john ,cl]k ( ,eld91 %[s1 ) mu* unity1 a great] c>e & precision 9 ! h&l+ ( detail1 a m se>*$ k9d ( modell+ & a full] s5se ( tone1 & ?ick] impa/o & full] col\r ?an t done previ\sly4 ,moreov] ! design ( ! fir/-nam$ picture is rem9isc5t 9 c]ta9 ways ( ,velasquez's ,pope ,innoc5t ,x41 :i* he may h se5 & /udi$ 9 ! ,doria ,palace 9 ,rome1 ?\gh too mu* /ress ne$ n be laid on ! resemblance4 ,ab\t ?is "t also1 he pa9t$ a few pictures 9 :i* difficult problems ( light+ are subtly & skilfully solv$4 ,9 ?+s l ! *>m+ bu/ ,william ,f]guson ( ,kilrie 7be=e #agij7 & ! gr\p ( ,sir ,john & ,lady ,cl]k ( ,p5icuik 7#agij7 ! faces are 9 lum9\s %ad[1 t\*$ by s(t reflect$ light to give expression & animation4 ,b = obvi\s reasons su* effects are n fav\r$ by ! cli5ts ( portrait-pa9t]s1 & t ,raeburn %\ld h adopt$ !m at all is evid5ce ( ! wid5+ ( ! arti/ic horizon induc$ by 8 /ay abroad4 ,,plate ,,vii4--,,miss ,,emily ,,de ,,vismes--,,lady ,,murray4 7,e>l ( ,mansfield47 ,an admirable example ( ! arti/'s mature /yle1 & "o ( 8 mo/ *>m+ portraits ( wom54 7,see p4 #gi47 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vii4 ,9 pictures pa9t$ b little lat] ?an ^!1 "o f9ds a m>k$ t5d5cy to rev]t to ! m abbreviat$ modell+ & broad] execution :i* h be5 not$ z *>act]i/ic ( 8 pre-,roman /yle4 ,! execution1 h[ev]1 is n[ mu* m confid5t & ma/]ly1 ! draughtsman%ip bett]1 ! design1 :ile exce$+ly simple1 less /iff & m closely knit4 ,us+ pigm5t ( v fluid consi/5cy & nev] load+ ! lights1 ?\gh foll[+ ! traditional me?od ( ?ick 9 ! lights & ?9 9 ! %ad[s1 8 h&l+ is exce$+ly direct & spontane\s1 8 t\* fe>less & broad yet ?or\ghly "u control1 8 draw+ summ>y yet selective & s expressive t1 ev5 9 faces :]e ! light+ is s broad t !re is little %ad[ to m>k ! features & little modell+ to expla9 ! planes1 ! l>ge /ructure ( ! head & ! ess5tials ( lik5ess are r5d]$ 9 a v satisfy+ & conv9c+ way4 ,8 col\r1 h[ev]1 if los+ ! incl9ation to ! r dull grey-gre5ness :i* _h prevail$ be=e #aghe1 rema9$ some:at cold & want+ 9 quality1 & ! m =cible t9ts introduc$ 9 ! drap]ies 7 frequ5tly lack+ 9 modulation & 7 n q 9 h>mony ) ! prevail+ tone4 ,some?+ ( ?is defici5cy 9 fusion is also noticeable 9 8 fle% t9ts1 ! c>nations ( ! complexions be+ some:at deta*$ ow+ to defective gradation :]e ! p9ks jo9 ! :ites4 ,z exp]i5ce came1 ,raeburn advanc$ f ! some:at />v$ quality ( pigm5t1 :i* 9 8 e>li] pictures 0 acc5tuat$ by 8 broad mann] ( h&l+1 until 9 _m ( ! pictures pa9t$ dur+ ! lat] n9eties he atta9$ extraord9>y #fc p[] ( expression by vigor\s & incisive use ( squ>e bru%-"w & full yet fluid & unload$ impa/o4 ,?is me?od ) its %>ply /ruck t\*es & simplifi$ planes rea*es its climax p]haps 9 ! /rik+ portrait 7#agih circa7 ( ,pr(essor ,robison 9 :ite night-cap & r$-/rip$ dress+-g[n1 ?\gh ! m fus$ mann] ( ,mrs ,campbell ( ,balliemore 7#agie7 & ! extraord9>y tr5*ant h&l+ ( ! ,john ,tait ( ,h>vie/on & 8 gr&son 7#agih-i7 %[ modifications :i* are z f9e & p]haps less mann]$4 ,ev5 e>li] he sometimes atta9$ a solidity & =cefulness ( effect1 a fullness ( col\r1 & a resonance ( tone :i* gave =eta/e ( ! accompli%m5t ( 8 full maturity4 ,curi\sly ?is is mo/ m>k$ 9 two or ?ree full-l5g?s4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^! 0 ! fam\s ,dr ,na?aniel ,sp5s 9 ! possession ( ! ,royal ,company ( ,ar*]s1 by :i* body x 0 commission$ 9 #agia4 ,9 x close realisation ( detail & re/ra9t 9 h&l+ are v happily h>monis$ ) bread? ( ensemble & effectiv5ess ( design4 ,"s five ye>s lat] ?is f9e a*ievem5t 0 foll[$ by ! ev5 m /rik+1 if r less dignifi$1 ,sir ,john ,s9clair1 a spl5did piece ( virtuosity1 :i* unites brilliant col\r & admirable tone to great da% & bravura ( bru%-"w4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 & inde$ ?r\gh\t 8 c>e]1 ,raeburn usually plac$ 8 sitt]s 9 a /rong direct light1 :i*1 be+ ?r[n ^u ! head & upp] "p ( ! figure 7f a high side-light7 illum9$ ! face broadly1 &1 :ile emphasis+ ! features ) def9ite ?\gh n>r[ %ad[s1 made x dom9ate ! ensemble4 ,v (t5 ?is conc5tration ( effect 0 associat$ ) a =c$ & arbitr>y use ( *i>oscuro4 ,9 _m ( 8 pictures "o f9ds ! l[] portion ( ! figure1 includ+ ! h&s1 l[ 9 tone ?r\gh ! arti/ hav+ arrang$ a scre5 or bl9d to ?r[ a %ad[ ov] ! p>ts he wi%$ subord9at$4 ,?is device appe>s 9 full-l5g?s z well z 9 bu/s & ?reequ>t]-l5g?s1 & :ile1 no d\bt1 help+ to ! desir$ end1 is n[ & !n a di/urb+ influ5ce f ! fact t x is difficult to acc\nt = ! result f purely normal causes4 ,) ,rembr&t1 ! greate/ ma/] ( conc5trat$ pictorial effect1 ! transitions f ! fully illum9$ passages to ! surr\nd+ transp>5t d>ks are s gradual & s subtle t "o sc>cely notices t ! effect has be5 arrang$--! conc5tration is an integral "p ( ! imag9ative appreh5sion ( ! subject4 ,x is o!rwise ) ,raeburn1 9 8 e>li] "w at lea/4 ,lat] he atta9$ mu* ! same results by less arbitr>y & app>5t means1 by swa?+ ! h&s & arms--! high tone ( :i* he evid5tly f\nd disconc]t+ & conflict+ ) ! heads--9 drap]y1 by plac+ !m :]e !y tell z little z possible1 & by modifications 9 h&l+4 ,8 managem5t ( accessories 0 also det]m9$ by desire = conc5tration4 ,al?\gh1 z is obvi\s f 8 increas+ use ( x1 pref]r+ a simple backgr\nd f :i* ! figure has atmosph]ic deta*m5t1 he frequ5tly us$ ! sc5ic sett+ :i* ,reynolds & ,ga9sbor\gh _h made ! vogue4 ,8 idea1 h[ev]1 0 t a l&scape backgr\nd %\ld be exce$+ly unass]tive--no?+ m ?an ! %ad[ ( a l&scape2 effect is all t is want$--&1 always execut+ !m himself1 8 are inv>iably subord9ate to ! figure4 ,b ! ess5tial quality ( 8 vision w5t be/ ) pla9 backgr\nds4 ,t he did n :olly ab&on ! decorative conv5tion :i* he heir$1 & (t5 employ$ to excell5t purpose1 0 due 9 l>ge measure to caution4 ,he came1 says ,w4 ,e4 ,h5ley1 at ! break betwe5 new & old--:5 ! old 0 n yet discr$it$1 & ! new 0 /ill in(f5sive2 & ) t exquisite good s5se :i* m>ks ! arti/1 he id5tifi$ himself ) t :i* 0 kn[n1 & n ) t :i*1 ?\gh big ) _m k9ds ( possibilities1 0 z yet 9 p]fect t\* ) no?+ actively alive4 ,yet1 _h he _h ! full c\rage ( 8 convictions1 8 "w w\ld h be5 an ev5 m out/&+ l&m>k 9 ! hi/ory ( pa9t+ ?an x is4 ,/ill to ask f ,raeburn :at "o does n get f ,velasquez1 _m ( ^: portraits h a conv5tional sett+1 is to be m exact+ ?an critical1 &1 z has be5 indicat$1 simplicity ( design & a]ial relief became increas+ly evid5t 9 ,raeburn's "w1 & t 9 spite ( ! prote/s ( "s ( 8 admir]s4 ,:ile ,raeburn _h be5 work+ t[>ds a full] & m subtle /atem5t ( lik5ess1 modell+1 & arrangem5t1 x is possible t removal to 8 new /udio accel]at$ developm5t 9 t direction4 ,! pa9t+-room _h be5 design$ by himself = 8 own special purposes1 & no d\bt sugge/$ new possibilities4 ,9 any case1 ! portraits pa9t$ aft] #agie reveal a def9ite increase 9 ! qualities m5tion$4 ,b be=e consid]+ ! *>act]i/ics ( 8 lat] /yle1 x might be well to tell :at is kn[n ( 8 habits ( "w & te*nical proc$ure4 ,cunn+ham's summ>y ( ^! applies p>tly to ! ,george ,/reet & p>tly to ! ,york ,place p]iod1 b = practical purposes !y may be reg>d$ z "o1 =1 :ile ,raeburn's art may be divid$ into p]iods1 ea* 0 b a /age 9 a gradual & consi/5t evolution4 ,! motions ( ! arti/ 7 z regul> z ^? ( a clock4 ,he rose at sev5 dur+ summ]1 took breakfa/ ab\t eight ) 8 wife & *ildr51 walk$ into ,george ,/reet1 & 0 ready = a sitt] by n9e2 & ( sitt]s he g5]ally _h1 = _m ye>s1 n few] ?an ?ree or f\r a day4 ,to ^! he gave an h\r & a half ea*4 ,he seldom kept a sitt] m ?an two h\rs1 unless ! p]son happ5$--& t 0 (t5 ! case--to be gift$ ) m ?an common tal5ts4 ,he !n felt himself happy1 & nev] fail$ to deta9 ! p>ty till ! arrival ( a new sitt] intimat$ t he mu/ be gone4 ,= a head size he g5]ally requir$ f\r or five sitt+s3 & he pref]r$ pa9t+ ! head & h&s to any o!r "p ( ! body2 assign+ z a reason t !y requir$ less consid]ation4 ,a fold ( drap]y1 or ! natural ease :i* ! ca/+ ( a mantle ov] ! %\ld] dem&$1 occasion$ him m p]plex+ /udy ?an a head full ( ?\ght & imag9ation4 ,su* 0 ! intuition ) :i* he p5etrat$ at once to ! m9d1 t ! fir/ sitt+ r>ely came to a close )\t 8 hav+ seiz$ /rongly on ! "* & disposition ( ! individual4 ,he nev] drew 9 8 heads1 or inde$ any "p ( ! body1 ) *alk--a sy/em pursu$ successfully by ,lawr5ce--b began ) ! bru% at once4 ,! =ehead1 *91 nose1 & m\?1 7 8 fir/ t\*es4 ,he always pa9t$ /&+1 & nev] us$ a /ick = re/+ 8 h& on2 = su* 0 8 accuracy ( eye1 & /ead9ess ( n]ve1 t he c\ld introduce ! mo/ delicate t\*es1 or ! almo/ me*anical regul>ity ( l9e1 )\t aid1 or o!r contrivance ?an fair (f-h& dext]ity4 ,he rema9$ 9 8 pa9t+-room till a little aft] five o'clock1 :5 he walk$ home1 & d9$ at six4444 ,f "o :o knew him 9 8 y\?ful days1 & sat to him :5 he rose 9 fame1 ,i h ?is description ( 8 way ( go+ to "w4 ,he spoke a few words to me 9 8 usual brief & k9dly way--evid5tly to put me into an agreeable mood2 & !n hav+ plac$ me 9 a *air on a plat=m at ! end ( 8 pa9t+-room1 9 ! po/ure requir$1 set up 8 easel beside me ) ! canvas ready to receive ! col\r4 ,:5 he saw all 0 "r1 he took 8 palette & 8 bru%1 retreat$ back /ep by /ep1 ) 8 face t[>ds me1 till he 0 nigh ! o!r end ( ! room2 he /ood & /udi$ = a m9ute m1 !n came up to ! canvas1 &1 )\t look+ at me1 wr\ght ^u x ) col\r = "s "t4 ,hav+ done ?is1 he retreat$ 9 ! same mann]1 /udi$ my looks at t di/ance = ab\t ano!r m9ute1 !n came ha/ily up to ! canvas & pa9t$ = a few m9utes m4 ,^! details may be supplem5t$ by ! li/ ( col\rs us$ by him1 :i* ,alex&] ,fras]1 ,r4,s4,a41 gave 9 ,! ,portfolio4 ,8 palette 0 a simple "o2 8 col\rs 7 v]milion1 raw si5na 7b sometimes yell[ o*re in/ead71 ,prussian blue1 burnt si5na1 ivory black1 crimson lake1 :ite1 ( c\rse1 & ! m$ium he us$ 0 'gumption1' a composition ( sug> ( lead1 ma/ic v>ni%1 & l9se$ oil4 ,! col\rs 7 gr\nd by a s]vant 9 8 own h\se & put into small pots ready = use4 ,:5 "o adds t 8 /udio _h a v high side-light1 & t he pa9t$ on half-prim$ canvas ) a def9itely m>k$ twill1 all t is kn[n ( 8 practice has be5 not$4 ,,plate ,,viii4--,,mrs ,,scott ,,moncrieff4 7,national ,gall]y ( ,scotl&47 ,none ( ,raeburn's portraits ( ladies is q s fam\s z ?is4 ,al?\gh 9 indiff]5t condition ow+ to bitum5 hav+ be5 us$1 x is s+ul>ly *>m+ 9 col\r1 design1 & s5tim5t1 & is "o ( ! *ief treasures ( ! gall]y1 9 :i* x has hung s9ce #ahed1 :5 ,mr ,r4 ,scott ,moncrieff1 ,welwood ( ,pitliv]1 bequea!d x to ! ,royal ,scotti% ,academy4 7,see page #gi47 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,viii4 ,z already sugge/$1 ,raeburn's /yle 0 t5d+ t[>ds great] complet5ess ( expression & m naturalness ( arrangem5t be=e he remov$ to ,york ,place 9 #agie1 b1 :ile 8 normal advance 0 9 t direction1 x 0 s gradual t x is only by look+ at a numb] ( pictures pa9t$1 say1 five or t5 ye>s lat]1 & comp>+ !m ) _! #gc pr$ecessors t "o notices t ! advance 0 def9ite & n casual4 ,occasionally1 z 9 ! ,pr(essor ,robison1 !re is a v emphatic re/atem5t ( a some:at e>li] me?od2 b1 z ! ,"l ,braxfield ( ab\t #agij is a premonition ( a mu* lat] mann]1 ?is exceptional treatm5t seems to h be5 inspir$ by ! "* ( ! sitt] hav+ sugge/$ its special suitability4 ,b comp>+ ! spl5did gr\p1 ,reg9ald ,macdonald ( ,clanranald & 8 two y\ng] bro!rs 7ab\t #ahjj71 or ! ,mrs ,cruik%ank ( ,langley ,p>k 7ab\t #ahje71 ) typical examples pa9t$ betwe5 #aghg & #agie1 "o f9ds ! lat] pictures m>k$ n only by increas$ p[] ( draw+ & m ma/]ly bru%-"w b by a f9] r5d]+ ( =m1 by great] r\ndness ( modell+1 & by a m expressive use ( col\r & *i>oscuro4 ,consid]able +5uity has be5 exp5d$ 9 try+ to prove t ,raeburn's subsequ5t developm5t 0 due 9 "s way or o!r to ! influ5ce ( ,hoppn] & ,lawr5ce4 ,consid]ation ( 8 situation & ( 8 "w itself1 h[ev]1 sc>cely be>s ?is out4 ,8 ignorance ( :at 0 be+ done by ,london arti/s1 & ( h[ 8 own pictures comp>$ ) !irs1 is v cle>ly evid5t f ! foll[+ lett] writt5 to ,wilkie3-- ,ed9burgh1 #ab? ,septemb] #ahai4 ,mr de> ,sir1--,i let y to wit t ,i am /ill "h1 & long mu* to he> f y1 bo? z to h[ y are & :at y are do+4 ,i w\ld n wi% to impose any h>d%ip ^u y1 b x w\ld give me great pleasure if y w\ld take ! tr\ble to write me at lea/ once a ye>1 if n (t5]1 & give me a little in=mation ( :at is go+ on among ! arti/s1 = ,i d assure y ,i h z little communication ) any ( !m1 & "k almo/ z little ab\t !m1 z if ,i 7 liv+ at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,i s5d up g5]ally a picture or two to ! ,exhibition1 :i* s]ve m]ely z an adv]tisem5t t ,i am /ill 9 ! l& ( ! liv+1 b 9 o!r respects x does me no good1 = ,i get no notice f any "o1 nor h ,i ! lea/ conception h[ !y look beside o!rs4 ,i "k n 9 :at ,london pap]s any critiques ( t k9d are made1 & our ,ed9burgh ones 7at lea/ ^? t ,i see7 take no notice ( ^! matt]s4 ,at any rate ,i w\ld pref] a c&id obs]vation or two f an arti/ l y1 convey+ n only y\r own op9ion b p]haps t ( o!rs1 be=e any ( !m4 ,are ! ,portrait-,pa9t]s z well employ$ z ev]8 ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce1 !y tell me1 has refus$ to comm5ce any m pictures till he gets done ) ^? t are on h&1 & t he has rais$ 8 prices to "s enorm\s sum4 ,is t true1 & w y d me ! fav\r to tell me :at 8 prices really are1 & :at ,sir ,w4 ,bee*y1 ,mr ,philips1 & ,mr ,ow5 h = _! pictures8 ,x w be a p>ticul> fav\r if y w take ! tr\ble to asc]ta9 ^! = me precisely1 = ,i am rais+ my prices too1 & x w\ld be a guide to me--n t ,i int5d to raise m9e s high z y\r fam\s ,london arti/s4 ,moreov] he is said to h visit$ ,london only ?ree times3 9 #aghe1 :5 he sp5t sev]al weeks :ile on 8 way to ,italy2 9 #ahaj1 :5 he contemplat$ settl+ !re2 & 9 #ahae1 aft] he 0 elect$ an ,academician4 ,x is ( c\rse only ) ! lat] visits t we h to d 9 ?is connection4 ,by t "t ,hoppn] 0 dead1 & ,lawr5ce's claim to be pa9t] p> excell5ce to ! fa%ionable _w 0 undisput$4 ,no d\bt ! ,scotti% pa9t] w\ld be attract$ by ! te*nical accompli%m5t ( ,lawr5ce's "w2 b he 0 betwe5 fifty & sixty ye>s ( age & little likely to be influ5c$ by an art1 :i*1 = all its brilliance1 0 m]etrici\s 9 _m respects4 ,yet x is possible t ! adulation lavi%$ by society ^u 8 contempor>y's /yle may h induc$ him to consid] if some?+ ( ! elegance = :i* x 0 e/eem$ s highly c\ld n be add$ ) advantage to 8 own4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,scotti% society 0 gradually und]go+ evolution1 &1 :ile a great] infusion ( fa%ion among/ its memb]s w\ld 9 itself t5d to /imulate ! fav\rite pa9t] ( ! day 9 ! same direction1 increase 9 weal? w\ld br+ a great] numb] ( y\ng] sitt]s to 8 /udio4 ,probably a comb9ation ( ^! repres5ts ! influ5ces :i* affect$ ,raeburn4 ,9 any case1 8 lat] portraits1 especially ( wom51 possess qualities ( *>m & beauty :i*1 :ile nev] m]ely pretty or m]etrici\s1 connect !m 9 "s measure ) ! m modi% & less s9c]e & virile "w ( ,lawr5ce4 ,b o!rwise--&1 unlike 8 s\!rn contempor>ies1 he nev] sacrific$ "* to elegance or subord9at$ individuality to type--! evolution ( 8 /yle cont9u$ on purely p]sonal l9es4 ,! pictures pa9t$ betwe5 #ahaj & 8 dea?1 :ile /ill at ! height ( 8 p[]s1 are ess5tially "o ) ^? ( ! prec$+ decade4 ,!re is 9 !m a m delicate s5se ( beauty ?an be=e1 & 8 portraits ( ladies are m>k$ by a quick5$ p]ception ( fem99e grace & *>m2 b ^! are results ( ! natural developm5t ( 8 nature & ( 8 p]sonal p[]s ( expression r ?an ( any radical alt]ation 9 8 /&po9t4 ,z reg>ds ! "w ( ! la/ fifte5 ye>s & m1 x is less increas$ grasp ( "*1 = t _h always be5 a lead+ trait1 ?an gr[? 9 ! expressive p[] & complet5ess ( 8 te*nique t is ! dom9at+ factor4 ,& "h ! prevail+ qualities are b ! issue ( previ\s exp]i5ce4 ,8 modell+ ceases to be m>k$ by ! r\gh-hewn & ov] simplifi$ planes :i* _h di/+ui%$ 8 incisive squ>e-t\* at its /ronge/ & becomes fus$ & suave4 ,z ,sir ,walt] ,arm/rong put x1 ,he began ) ! facets & end$ ) ! complete/ modell+ ev] rea*$ by any ,engli% pa9t]4 ,n[ 8 col\r n only loses ! incl9ation to slat9ess & monotony1 :i* 7 evid5t be=e #agie1 & sometimes ev5 lat]1 b1 ! half-tones be+ m delicately grad$1 ! transitions1 ?\gh /ill lack+ ! subtleties ( ! real col\ri/1 are bl5d$ & ! g5]al tone enri*$ & h>monis$4 ,& 8 use ( *i>oscuro becomes inf9itely m delicate bo? 9 its play ^u ! face & 9 ! broad disposition1 :i* n[ atta9s f9] & m conv9c+ conc5tration 9 virtue ( m skillful subord9ation ?r\gh h&l+1 z well z ?r\gh m pictorial managem5t ( 8 old arrangem5t ( light+4 ,moreov] ! sc5ic sett+1 if reta9$ 9 _m full-l5g?s1 is to a great ext5t ab&on$ = a simple backgr\nd light$ f ! same s\rce z ! sitt]1 & aga9/ :i* face & figure come 9 tru] atmosph]ic envelope & relief4 ,) ^! alt]ations1 :i* 7 n p]haps inv>iably all ga91 8 lat] "w n[ & !n lack+ ! delightfully cle> & incisive bru%+ ( ! prec$+ p]iod1 7 also associat$ a full] & fatt] body ( pa9t :i*1 :ile nev] load$1 gives ri*ness ( effect1 & a sonor\sness ( tone :i* 8 e>li] pictures r>ely possess4 ,a sympa!tic & human p]ception ( "* 0 ! basis ( 8 relation%ip to 8 sitt]s1 ea* ( :om is individualis$ 9 a r>ely conv9c+ way1 & to me at lea/ ! #gi view ( life express$ 9 8 lat] pictures seems m g5ial & compreh5d+ ?an t :i* dom9ates 8 e>li] "w4 ,comp>atively ?is is p]haps especially evid5t 9 8 r5d]+ ( pretty wom54 ,mrs ,scott ,moncrieff1 ,miss de ,vismes1 ,miss ,janet ,suttie1 & ,mrs ,irv9e ,boswell1 to "n no m1 are all beauties2 b ea* diff]s f ! o!rs1 & is m>k$ by p]sonal traits to an ext5t unusual 9 8 e>li] practice4 ,/ill 8 grasp ( "* is m obvi\sly se5 9 8 portraitures ( old] wom5 & ( m51 & 8 ma/]pieces are to be f\nd among/ 8 pictures ( ?is k9d r ?an among/ 8 beauty pieces1 s$uctive ?\gh ! be/ ( ^! are4 ,:5 "o ?9ks ( 8 f9e/ & mo/ p]sonal a*ievem5ts1 "o recalls su* ?+s z ,"l ,newton1 ,sir ,william ,=bes1 & ,james ,w>drop ( ,torbanehill1 or ,mrs ,cruik%ank1 & ,mrs ,james ,campbell4 ,born a pa9t] ( "*1 ,raeburn 0 at 8 be/ :]e "*1 intellect1 & %rewdness 7 mo/ m>k$4 ,yet axiomatic ?\gh x may s\nd1 ?is implies great gifts4 ,to seize ! obvi\s po9ts ( lik5ess1 & make a portrait m liv+ ?an life itself is comp>atively easy2 b to grasp ! ess5tial elem5ts ( lik5ess & "*1 &1 :ile vitalis+ ^! pictorially & decoratively1 to pres]ve ! normal tone ( life is difficult inde$4 ,( ?is1 ! highe/ triumph ( ! portrait-pa9t]'s art z su*1 ,raeburn 0 a ma/]4 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,at ,,! ,,press ,,( ,,! ,,publi%]s4 ,,9 ,,! ,,same ,,s]ies ,,arti/4 ,,au?or4 ,,velazquez4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,reynolds4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,turn]4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4 ,,romney4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4 ,,greuze4 ,,alys ,,eyre ,,mackl94 ,,botticelli4 ,,h5ry ,b4 ,,b9ns4 ,,rossetti4 ,,luci5 ,,piss>ro4 ,,bell9i4 ,,george ,,hay4 ,,fra ,,angelico4 ,,james ,,mason4 ,,rembr&t4 ,,josef ,,israels4 ,,leighton4 ,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4 ,,raphael4 ,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4 ,,holman ,,hunt4 ,,m>y ,e4 ,,col]idge4 ,,titian4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,c>lo ,,dolci4 ,,george ,,hay4 ,,lu9i4 ,,james ,,mason4 ,,t9toretto4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,o!rs 9 ,prep>ation4