,,univ]sity ,,( ,,kansas ,,publications ,,museum ,,( ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,volume #ad1 ,no4 #ag1 pp4 #dhc-dia1 #b figs4 ,m>* #b1 #aifd ,records ( ! ,fossil ,mammal ,s9clairella1 ,family ,apatemyidae1 ,f ! ,*adronian & ,orellan ,,by ,,william ,a4 ,,clem5s1 ,,jr4 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,kansas ,,lawr5ce #aifd ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,kansas ,,publications1 ,,museum ,,( ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,editors3 ,e4 ,raymond ,hall1 ,*airman1 ,h5ry ,s4 ,fit*1 ,!odore ,h4 ,eaton1 ,jr4 ,volume #ad1 ,no4 #ag1 pp4 #dhc-dia1 #b figs4 ,publi%$ ,m>* #b1 #aifd ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,kansas ,lawr5ce1 ,kansas ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,h>ry 7,,bud7 ,,timb]lake1 ,,/ate ,,pr9t] ,,topeka1 ,,kansas #aifd #bi-hehg ,records ( ! ,fossil ,mammal ,s9clairella1 ,family ,apatemyidae1 ,f ! ,*adronian & ,orellan ,,by ,,william ,a4 ,,clem5s1 ,,jr4 ,introduction ,! family ,apatemyidae has a long geo*ronological range 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 beg9n+ 9 ! ,torrejonian l&-mammal age1 b is repres5t$ by a relatively small numb] ( fossils f\nd at a few localities4 ,two fossils ( ,orellan age1 f\nd 9 nor!a/]n ,colorado & describ$ "h1 demon/rate t ! geo*ronological range ( ! ,apatemyidae ext5ds into ! ,middle ,oligoc5e4 ,isolat$ tee? ( ,s9clairella dakot5sis ,jeps51 "p ( a sample ( a ,*adronian local fauna collect$ by field p>ties f ! ,webb ,s*ool ( ,cali=nia1 are also describ$4 ,i ?ank ,mr4 ,raymond ,m4 ,alf1 ,webb ,s*ool ( ,cali=nia1 ,cl>emont1 ,cali=nia1 & ,dr4 ,pet] ,rob9son1 ,univ]sity ( ,colorado ,museum1 ,b\ld]1 ,colorado1 = p]mitt+ me to describe ! fossils !y discov]$4 ,also ,dr4 ,rob9son made available ! draft ( a %ort pap] he _h prep>$ on ! too? f\nd 9 ,weld ,c\nty1 ,colorado2 8 "w 0 facilitat$ by a grant f ! ,univ]sity ( ,colorado ,c\ncil on ,rese>* & ,creative ,"w4 ,i also gratefully ackn[l$ge receipt ( critical data & valuable comm5ts f ,drs4 ,edw9 ,c4 ,galbrea?1 ,gl5n ,l4 ,jeps51 & ,malcolm ,c4 ,mc,kenna :o is curr5tly revis+ ! ,paleoc5e apatemyids & /udy+ ! phylog5etic relation%ips ( ! family4 ,! prefixes ( catalogue numb]s us$ 9 ! text id5tify fossils 9 ! collections ( ! foll[+ in/itutions3 ,,ku1 ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,kansas1 ,lawr5ce2 ,pr9ceton1 ,pr9ceton ,museum1 ,pr9ceton1 ,new ,j]sey2 ,,ram-,,ucr1 ,raymond ,alf ,museum1 ,webb ,s*ool ( ,cali=nia1 ,cl>emont1 ,cali=nia 7! p]man5t repository = ^! specim5s w be ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,riv]side72 & ,,ucm1 ,univ]sity ( ,colorado ,museum1 ,b\ld]1 ,colorado4 ,! sy/em ( notations = tee? prescrib$ = use "h is z foll[s3 tee? 9 ! upp] half ( ! d5tition are designat$ by a capital lett] & a numb]2 ?us ,m#b is ! notation = ! upp] second mol>2 tee? 9 ! l[] half ( ! d5tition are designat$ by a l[]-case lett] & a numb]2 ?us p#b is ! notation = ! l[] second premol>4 ,family ,,apatemyidae ,mat!w1 #aiji ,g5us ,s9clairella ,jeps51 #aicd ,s9clairella dakot5sis ,jeps51 #aicd ,! type ( ! species1 ,pr9ceton no4 #acehe1 0 discov]$ 9 ,*adronian /rata ( ! upp] "p ( ! ,*adron ,=mation cropp+ out 9 ,big ,corral ,draw1 approximately #ac miles s\?-s\?we/ ( ,sc5ic1 9 s\?we/]n ,s\? ,dakota 7,jeps51 #aicd1 p4 #bia74 ,detail$ descriptions ( ! type specim5 are giv5 9 pap]s by ,jeps5 7#aicd7 & ,scott & ,jeps5 7#aicf74 ,isolat$ tee? ( ,*adronian age ref]able to ,s9clairella dakot5sis h be5 discov]$ subsequ5tly at a locality 9 ,nebraska & fossils ( ,orellan age1 also ref]able to ,s4 dakot5sis1 h be5 collect$ at two localities 9 ,colorado4 ,! sample f ea* locality is describ$ sep>ately4 ,si\x ,c\nty1 nor?we/]n ,nebraska ,mat]ial4--,,ram-,,ucr nos4 #cha1 left ,m#a2 #eih1 left m#b2 #ajjj1 "r m#a2 #ajja1 "r m#b2 #ajgi1 "r m#b2 #afgd1 "r ,m#b2 & #cjac1 left m#b4 ,locality & /ratigraphy4--,^! ,*adronian fossils 7 discov]$ by ,raymond ,alf & memb]s ( 8 field p>ties 9 sev]al h>ve/] ant m\nds built 9 exposures ( ! ,*adron ,=mation 9 ,sec4 #bf1 ,t #cc ,n1 ,r #ec ,w1 ,si\x ,c\nty1 ,nebraska 7,alf1 #aifb1 & ,h\gh & ,alf1 #aieh74 ,?is is ,,ucr locality ,v#edjc4 ,! collectors c>efully consid]$ ! possibility t "s ( ! fossils f\nd 9 ! ant m\nds 7 collect$ f y\ng] /rata by ! h>ve/] ants & conclud$ ?is 0 unlikely 7,alf1 p]sonal communication74 ,description & comm5ts4--,! cusps ( ,,ram-,,ucr no4 #cha1 a left ,m#a1 are %>p & ! we>-facets result+ f occlusion ) ! l[] d5tition are small4 ,! p>aconule is a l[1 ill-def9$ cusp on ! ant]ior m>g9 ( ! cr[n2 a metaconule is n pres5t4 ,a smoo? /yl> %elf is pres5t labial to ! metacone4 ,! cr[n 0 support$ by ?ree roots4 ,!re are no int]radicul> cre/s4 ,! cr[n ( ,,ram-,,ucr no4 #afgd1 a "r ,m#b1 is heavily abrad$ & _m morphological details ( ! cusps h be5 de/roy$4 ,l[ int]radicul> cre/s l9k$ ! ?ree roots ( ! too? ) a l[1 c5tral prom95ce4 ,z 0 ! case ) ,,ram-,,ucr no4 #cha1 no significant diff]5ces c\ld be f\nd 9 comp>isons ) illu/rations ( ! tee? pres]v$ 9 ,pr9ceton no4 #acehe4 ,,ram-,,ucr nos4 #eih1 #ajja1 #ajgi1 & #cjac all appe> to be m#b's4 ,! talonids ( ^! tee? are n elongat$1 _! trigonids h quadrilat]al outl9es1 & ! p>aconids are small b prom95t1 bladelike cusps4 ,! trigonid ( ,,ram-,,ucr #ajjj is elongat$ & ! p>aconid is a m9ute cusp2 ! too? closely resembles ! m#a ( ! type ( ,s9clairella dakot5sis4 ,logan ,c\nty1 nor!a/]n ,colorado ,mat]ial4--,,ku no4 #aabaj 7fig4 #a71 a fragm5t ( a left maxill>y conta9+ ,p#d & ,m#a-b4 ,locality & /ratigraphy4--,! fossil 0 f\nd 9 ! c5t] ( ! ,w-#a_/b1 ,sec4 #ba1 ,t #aa ,n1 ,r #ec ,w1 ,logan ,c\nty1 ,colorado1 444 9 ! b$ bel[ ,agnotoca/or b$1 ,c$> ,creek ,memb]4444 7,ronald ,h4 ,p9e1 #aieh1 field notes on file at ! ,univ]sity ( ,kansas74 ,! b$ s def9$ is "p ( unit #c 9 ! l[] division ( ! ,c$> ,creek ,memb]1 z subdivid$ by ,galbrea? 7#aiec3be7 9 /ratigraphic section ,,xii4 ,! fauna obta9$ f unit #c is ( ,orellan age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,s9clairella dakot5sis ,jeps51 ,,ku no4 #aabaj1 fragm5t ( left maxill>y ) ,p#d & ,m#a-b2 ,orellan1 ,logan ,c\nty1 ,colorado2 draw+s by ,mrs4 ,judi? ,hood3 a1 labial view2 b1 occlusal view2 bo? approximately #i4 ,description & comm5ts4--,p#d ( ,,ku no4 #aabaj has a l>ge po/]ol+ual cusp sep>at$ f ! ma9 cusp by a di/9ct groove1 :i* deep5s po/]iorly4 ,! po/]ol+ual cusp is support$ by ! broad po/]ior root4 ,p#d ( ! type specim5 ( ,s9clairella dakot5sis is describ$ 7,jeps51 #aicd1 p4 #cib7 z hav+ an oval outl9e at ! base ( ! cr[n1 & a small1 po/]ol+ual cusp4 ,a *ip ( enamel is miss+ f ! po/]ior slope ( ! ma9 cusp ( ! ,p#d ( ,,ku no4 #aabaj4 ,! ant]ior slope ( ! ma9 cusp is flatt5$1 possibly ! result ( we>1 & !re is no evid5ce ( a groove l t pres5t on ! ,p#d ( ! type specim54 ,only a few diff]5ces 7 f\nd betwe5 ! mol>s pres]v$ 9 ,,ku no4 #aabaj & _! c\nt]p>ts 9 ! type specim54 ,a /yl> %elf is pres5t labial to ! metacone ( ,m#a ( ,,ku no4 #aabaj1 b1 unlike ! type1 its surface is smoo? & !re is no evid5ce ( cusps4 ,( ! ?ree small /yl> cusps on ! /yl> %elf ( ,m#b ! smalle/ is 9 ! position ( a meso/yle4 ,! ,m#b lacks a *ip ( enamel f ! l+ual surface ( ! hypocone4 ,unlike ! ,m#b ( ,pr9ceton no4 #acehe1 9 occlusal view ! po/]ior m>g9 ( ! ,m#b ( ,,ku no4 #aabaj is convex po/]ior to ! metacone4 ,! ant]ior edge ( ! base ( ! zygomatic ar* ( ,,ku no4 #aabaj 0 dorsal to ,m#b4 ,! %all[ oval depression 9 ! maxill>y dorsal to ,m#a might be ! result ( po/-mortem di/ortion4 ,! mol>s pres]v$ 9 ,,ku no4 #aabaj & _! c\nt]p>ts 9 ! type specim5 d n appe> to be significantly diff]5t 9 size 7table #a7 or morphology ( ! cusps4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! two specim5s t might be ( classificatory significance is ! diff]5ce 9 size ( ! po/]ol+ual cusp ( ,p#d4 ,at pres5t ! range ( intraspecific v>iation 9 ! morphology ( ,p#d has n be5 docum5t$ = any species ( apatemyid4 ,! evolution>y tr5d or tr5ds ( ! apatemyids 7,mc,kenna1 #aifj1 p4 #dh7 = progressive r$uction ( function ( p#d probably 7 p>allel$ by simil> tr5ds 9 ! evolution ( ! ,p#d4 ,if s1 ! intraspecific v>iation 9 ! morphology ( ,p#d c\ld be expect$ to be some:at great] ?an t ( ! upp] mol>s1 = example4 ,! morphological diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,p#d's ( ! type ( ,s9clairella dakot5sis & ,,ku no4 #aabaj is n extreme & does n exce$ ! range ( intraspecific v>iation t c\ld be expect$ = ?is elem5t ( ! d5tition4 ,! close resemblances 9 size & morphology betwe5 ! ,m#a-b ( ,pr9ceton no4 #acehe & ,,ku no4 #aabaj also favor id5tification ( ! latt] z "p ( a memb] ( an ,orellan population ( ,s9clairella dakot5sis4 ,weld ,c\nty1 nor!a/]n ,colorado ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,s9clairella dakot5sis ,jeps51 ,,ucm no4 #bajgc1 "r ,m#b2 ,orellan1 ,weld ,c\nty1 ,colorado2 draw+ by ,mrs4 ,judi? ,hood3 occlusal view1 approximately #i4 ,mat]ial4--,,ucm no4 #bjagc 7fig4 #b71 is a "r ,m#b4 ,locality & /ratigraphy4--,! too? 0 discov]$ at ! ,mell+] locality1 ,sec4 #ag1 ,t #aa ,n1 ,r #fe ,w1 ,weld ,c\nty1 ,colorado4 ,! ,mell+] locality is 9 ! ,c$> ,creek ,memb]1 ,:ite ,riv] ,=mation1 & its fauna is consid]$ to be ( ,orellan age 7,patt]son & ,mc,grew1 #aicg1 & ,galbrea?1 #aiec74 ,description & comm5ts4--,,ucm no4 #bajgc1 :i* is m heavily abrad$ ?an ,,ku no4 #aabaj1 %[s no evid5ce ( a /yl> cusp ei!r ant]olabial to ! metacone or 9 ! position ( a meso/yle4 ,a small /yl> cusp is pres5t ant]olabial to ! p>acone4 ,a not* t appe>s to h be5 cut ?r\gh ! enamel ( ! po/]olabial corn] ( ! cr[n c\ld h receiv$ ! p>a/yl> apex ( ,m#c4 ,a simil> not* is n pres5t on ! ,m#b ( ,,ku no4 #aabaj nor indicat$ 9 ! illu/rations ( ! ,m#b ( ,pr9ceton no4 #acehe4 ,! coronal dim5sions ( ,,ucm no4 #bajgc 7table #a7 d n appe> to diff] significantly f ^? ( ! ,m#b's ( ,,ku no4 #aabaj & ! type specim5 ( ,s9clairella dakot5sis4 ,comm5ts ,) ! discov]y ( ,orellan apatemyids ! geo*ronological range ( ! family 9 ,nor? ,am]ica is %[n to ext5d f ! ,torrejonian ?r\gh ! ,orellan l&-mammal ages4 ,! discov]ies report$ "h enl>ge ! ,oligoc5e record ( apatemyids to include n only ! type specim5 ( ,s9clairella dakot5sis1 a skull & associat$ m&ible f ,s\? ,dakota1 b also sev5 isolat$ tee?1 repres5t+ at lea/ two individuals1 f a ,*adronian fossil locality 9 ,nebraska & "o specim5 f ea* ( two ,orellan fossil localities 9 nor!a/]n ,colorado4 ,simpson 7#aidd3gc1 & #aiec3abg7 pres5t$ tabulations ( ! publi%$ records ( ,am]ican apatemyids & sugge/$ ! data indicat$ ! populations ( ^! mammals 7 ( small size ?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( ! family4 ,! few pre-,oligoc5e occurr5ces ( apatemyids describ$ subsequ5tly 7note ,mc,kenna1 #aifj1 figs4 #c-aj1 & p4 #dh7 & occurr5ces describ$ "h t5d to re9=ce ,simpson's int]pretation4 ,?is int]pretation may h to be modifi$ to "s degree1 h[ev]1 :5 curr5t /udies ( collections ( pre-,oligoc5e apatemyids are complet$ 7,mc,kenna1 p]sonal communication74 ,al?\gh in=mation conc]n+ ! evolution>y tr5ds ( ,am]ican apatemyids has be5 publi%$1 no data on ! morphological v>iation 9 a population are available 9 ! lit]ature4 ,an adequate basis = evaluat+ ! significance ( ! morphological diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,p#d's ( ,pr9ceton no4 #acehe & ,,ku no4 #abaaj c\pl$ ) ! simil>ities ( _! ,m#a-b's is lack+4 ,9 ! evolution ( ,am]ican apatemyids ! ,p#d und]w5t r$uction 9 size &1 app>5tly1 curtailm5t ( function4 ,?is hi/ory sugge/s ! range ( morphological v>iation ( ,p#d 9 populations ( ,s9clairella dakot5sis c\ld be expect$ to be great] ?an t ( ! mol>s & encompass ! morphological diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,p#d's ( ,pr9ceton no4 #acehe & ,,ku no4 #abaaj4 ,! diff]5ce 9 age ( ! ,*adronian & ,orellan fossils does n con/itute pro( t !y p]ta9 to diff]5t species4 ,al?\gh ! id5tification is admitt$ly provisional until m fossils includ+ o!r p>ts ( ! skeleton are discov]$1 ! ,orellan fossils describ$ "h are ref]r$ to ,s9clairella dakot5sis4 ,,table #a4--,,measurem5ts 7,,9 ,,millimet]s7 ,,( ,,tee? ,,( ,,s9clairella ,,dakot5sis ,,jeps54 ,p#d ,m#a ,m#b ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- l5g?wid?l5g?#awid?#al5g?#awid?#a ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,pr9ceton no4 #aceheb #b4a #a4a #d4j #c4g #c4d #d4g ,,ram no4 #cha #d4a #c4e ,,ram no4 #afgd #c4d #d4b ,,ku no4 #aabaj #b4d #a4f #c4i #c4e #c4h #d4a ,,ucm no4 #bajgc #c4f #d4a ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- m#a m#b ---------------------------------- l5g? wid? l5g? wid? ---------------------------------- ,pr9ceton no4 #acehec #c4e #b4d #c4g #b4h ,,ram no4 #ajjj #c4e #b4b ,,ram no4 #eih #c4h #b4f ,,ram no4 #ajja #c4f #b4f ,,ram no4 #ajgi #d4j #b4h ,,ram no4 #cjac #c4f #b4h ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,footnote #a3 ,l5g? def9$ z maximum dim5sion ( ! labial half ( ! cr[n measur$ p>allel to a l9e drawn ?r\gh ! apices ( p>acone & metacone4 ,wid? def9$ z maximum coronal dim5sion measur$ along l9e p]p5dicul> to l9e def9$ by apices ( p>acone & metacone4 ,footnote #b3 ,dim5sions provid$ by ,dr4 ,gl5n ,l4 ,jeps54 ,footnote #c3 ,dim5sions tak5 f ,jeps5 7#aicd3cjj74 ,lit]ature ,cit$ ,,alf1 ,r4 #aifb4 ,a new species ( ! rod5t ,pipe/oneomys f ! ,oligoc5e ( ,nebraska4 ,breviora1 ,mus4 ,comp4 ,zool41 no4 #agb1 pp4 #a-g1 #c figs4 ,,galbrea?1 ,e4 ,c4 #aiec4 ,a contribution to ! ,t]ti>y geology & paleontology ( nor!a/]n ,colorado4 ,univ4 ,kansas ,paleont4 ,cont41 ,v]tebrata1 art4 #d1 pp4 #a-abj1 #b pls41 #bf figs4 ,,h\gh1 ,j41 & ,,alf1 ,r4 #aieh4 ,a ,*adron mammalian fauna f ,nebraska4 ,j\rn4 ,paleon4 #cj3acb-adj1 #d figs4 ,,jeps51 ,g4 ,l4 #aicd4 ,a revision ( ! ,am]ican ,apatemyidae & ! description ( a new g5us1 ,s9clairella1 f ! ,:ite ,riv] ,oligoc5e ( ,s\? ,dakota4 ,proc4 ,am]4 ,philos4 ,soc41 #gd3bhg-cje1 #c pls41 #d figs4 ,,mck5na1 ,m4 ,c4 #aifj4 ,fossil ,mammalia f ! e>ly ,wasat*ian ,f\r ,mile fauna1 ,eoc5e ( nor?we/ ,colorado4 ,univ4 ,cali=nia ,publ4 9 ,geol4 ,sci41 #cg3a-acj1 #fd figs4 ,,mat!w1 ,w4 ,d4 #aiji4 ,! ,c>nivora & ,insectivora ( ! ,bridg] ,bas91 ,middle ,eoc5e4 ,mem4 ,am]4 ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 #i3bhi-efg1 pls4 #db-eb1 #aah figs4 ,,patt]son1 ,b4 & ,,mcgrew1 ,p4 ,o4 #aicg4 ,a soricid & two er9aceids f ! ,:ite ,riv] ,oligoc5e4 ,geol4 ,s]41 ,field ,mus4 ,nat4 ,hi/41 #f3bde-bgb1 figs4 #fj-gd4 ,,scott1 ,w4 ,b4 & ,,jeps51 ,g4 ,l4 #aicf4 ,! mammalian fauna ( ! ,:ite ,riv] ,oligoc5e--,"p ,i4 ,insectivora & ,c>nivora4 ,trans4 ,am]4 ,philos4 ,soc41 n4 s41 #bh3a-aec1 #bb pls41 #g figs4 ,,simpson1 ,g4 ,g4 #aidd4 ,tempo & mode 9 evolution4 ,new ,york3 ,columbia ,univ4 ,press1 xviii #bcg pp41 #cf figs4 #aiec4 ,! major features ( evolution4 ,new ,york3 ,columbia ,univ4 ,press1 xx #dcd pp41 #eb figs4 ,transmitt$ ,june #bd1 #aifc4