,! ,philosophy ( ,tea*+4 ,,! ,,tea*]1 ,,! ,,pupil1 ,,! ,,s*ool4 ,,by ,,na?aniel ,,s&s4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,publi%]s1 ,,frankl9 ,,squ>e4 #ahfi4 ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahfi1 by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,,! ,,tea*]1 ,,! ,,pupil1 ,,! ,,s*ool4 ,,tea*] ,,& ,,pupil4 ,( ! v>i\s call+s to :i* ! division ( labor has caus$ man specially to devote himself1 !re is none to be comp>$ = nobility or usefulness ) t ( ! true tea*]4 ,yet nei!r tea*]s nor p at pres5t realize ?is tru?4 ,among ! v few lessons ( value :i* might be d]iv$ f s-call$ classical /udies1 is t ( ! prop] e/imate 9 :i* ! true tea*] %\ld be held2 = among ! ,greeks no call+ or occupation 0 m honor$4 ,yet ) a /range p]v]sity1 albeit = c5turies ! preci\s "t ( y\? has be5 wa/$1 & ! m9ds & morals ( ! "y p]v]t$ by classical /udies1 ?is "o lesson has be5 disreg>d$4 ,:at duty c be m responsible1 :at vocation m holy1 ?an t ( tra9+ ! "y 9 habits ( indu/ry1 tru?fulness1 economy1 & sobriety2 ( giv+ to !m t k & skill )\t :i* _! lives w\ld become a burd5 to !mselves & to society8 ,yet1 :ile ! m]*ant seeks to ex]cise ! greate/ caution 9 select+ ! p]sons to :om he intru/s 8 m]*&ise1 & yields respect to him :o fai?fully p]=ms 8 comm]cial engagem5ts2 he makes b scant inquiry z to ! "* or qualifications ( ! ,,m9d-,,build] ^u ^: skill1 judgm5t1 & tru/wor?9ess ! future ( 8 *ildr5 w greatly dep5d4 ,! position assign$ by our social rules to ! tea*] accords1 n ) ! nobility ( 8 functions1 b ) ! insuffici5t appreciation ent]ta9$ ( !m by ! p1 & is accompani$ by a correspond+ inadequate remun]ation4 ,& :at is ! result8 ,except a few s+le-he>t$1 noble m5 & wom51 by :om ! pr(ession ( ! tea*] is illu/rat$ & adorn$2 except a few self-sacrific+ h]oes & h]o9es ^: love ( *ildr5 & ( mank9d reconciles !m to an humble lot & ill-requit$ labors1 ! class ( s*ool-tea*]s ?r\gh\t ! :ole civiliz$ _w b>ely rea*es ! level ( t m$iocrity :i* 9 all o!r call+s suffices to obta9 n m]ely a com=table ma9t5ance 9 ! pres5t1 b a provision aga9/ sickness & = old age4 ,:at aspir+ fa!r1 :at ,cornelia among mo!rs1 select = _! *ildr5 ! pr(ession ( a tea*] z a field 9 :i* ! tal5ts & j ambition ( su* *ildr5 may f9d scope8 ,nor c we hope = any improvem5t until a ju/] appreciation ( ! nobility ( ! tea*]'s vocation1 & a m g5]\s remun]ation ( 8 labors %all g5]ally prevail4 ,x is to ! desire to aid some:at 9 br++ ab\t a ju/] appreciation 9 ! m9ds alike ( tea*]s & ( p ( ! utility & nobl5ess ( ! tea*]'s labors & vocation t ^! pages owe _! orig94 ,:5 we consid] ! nature ( ! ,be+ ov] ^: future ! tea*] is to ex]cise s great an influ5ce1 ^: m9d he is to /ore ) k1 & :om he is to tra9 9 ! practice ( su* conduct z %all lead to 8 happ9ess & well-be+1 we are lo/ 9 amazem5t at ! ext5t ( ! k & p]fection ( ! moral attributes :i* %\ld h be5 acquir$ by ! tea*]4 ,x is 8 duty to make 8 pupils acqua9t$ ) t nature ( :i* !y =m a "p1 by :i* !y are surr\nd$1 & :i* is rubb+ aga9/ !m at e /ep 9 life4 ,b he c n tea* t ( :i* he himself is ignorant4 ,e sci5ce !n may 9 turn become necess>y or desirable to be employ$ z an in/ructive ag5t1 e art may be made accessory to illu/rate "s item ( k or to elucidate "s moral tea*+4 ,man is 8 subject1 & ) ! nature ( t subject & ( 8 surr\nd+s he mu/ be acqua9t$1 t ! object to be atta9$ & ! means = its atta9m5t may be kn[n to him4 ,:at is man8 ,:at are 8 p[]s1 :at is 8 de/9y1 & = :at purpose & = :at object 0 he creat$8 ,let u ent] ! laboratory ( ! *emi/ & comm5ce our labors4 ,let u take d[n ! crucible & beg9 ! analysis1 & endeavor to solve ?is important problem4 ,9 /udy+ ! great ,cosmos we p]ceive ea* be+ seek+ its happ9ess accord+ to ! in/9cts implant$ 9 him by ! ,creator1 & only 9 man we see 8 happ9ess made dep5d5t on ! ext5t to :i* he contributes to ! happ9ess ( o!rs4 ,:at1 s f> z we c see1 w\ld ?is e>? be )\t any inhabitants8 ,:at great purpose 9 ! economy ( nature c\ld x s]ve8 ,a palace )\t a k+1 a h\se )\t an occupant1 a lonely & t5antless _w1 :ile we n[ see x fram$ 9 all its beauty = ! enjoym5t ( happ9ess4 ,! ,be+ ^u :om ! art & sci5ce ( ! tea*] is to be ex]cis$ is "o to :om food1 clo?+1 fuel1 & %elt] are ne$ful2 possess$ ( organs ( dige/ion1 ^: functions %\ld be made famili> to _! possessor2 ( brea?+ organs1 to ^: heal?ful ex]cise pure air is ess5tial2 a be+ full ( life & animation1 locomotive--desir\s ( mov+ f place to place2 an emotional be+1 susceptible to emotions ( joy & sorr[1 love & hate1 hope & fe>1 rev]5ce & contempt1 & ^: emotions %\ld be s direct$ t _! ex]cise %\ld be productive ( happ9ess to o!rs4 ,he is also an intellectual be+1 provid$ ) s5ses by :i* to receive impressions & acquire a k ( ext]nal ?+s2 ) organs ( comp>ison & ( reason1 by :i* to r5d] available = future use ! impressions receiv$ ?r\gh ! s5ses 9 ! pa/4 ,la/ly3 he is also a social be+1 to :om p]petual solitude w\ld be intol]able2 sympa?iz+ 9 ! pa9s & pleasures ( o!rs1 ne$+ _! protection1 sympa?y & co-op]ation = 8 own com=t1 & desir\s ( conf]r+ protection ^u & ( co-op]at+ ) !m4 ,b1 fur!r1 he is a be+ :o desires to be lov$ & e/eem$1 & f9ds ! greate/ *>m ( exi/5ce 9 ! love & e/eem he receives2 to be lov$ & e/eem$ & c>$ =1 he mu/ love1 e/eem & c>e = o!rs1 & be g5]ally amiable & useful4 ,su* is ! ,be+1 susceptible ( pa9 & pleasure1 ( sorr[ & joy1 :om ! ,,m9d-,,build] is to tra9 up s t1 z f> z possible1 ! =m] may be av]t$ & ! latt] secur$4 ,! tea*]1 !n1 mu/ tra9 him 9 habits ( indu/ry & skill1 t "w may be pleasant & easy to him1 & held 9 honorable e/eem2 = )\t "w1 skillfully p]=m$1 nei!r food1 clo?+1 fuel nor %elt] c be obta9$ 9 suffici5t quantity to avoid pov]ty & suff]+4 ,k also mu/ be acquir$ by ! labor]1 9 ord] t ! "w :i* is to be skillfully p]=m$ may be p]=m$ ) t att5tion to ! conditions ( me*anical1 *emical1 electrical1 & vital ag5cies necess>y to r5d] labor productive4 ,a k ( ! conditions ( me*anics1 ( *emi/ry1 ( electricity1 & ( vital ph5om5a %\ld be imp>t$ by ! tea*]2 & to imp>t ?is k1 he mu/ fir/ possess x4 ,h[ sublime1 !n1 are ! qualifications1 natural & acquir$1 :i* ! true tea*] %\ld possess6 ,h[ deep %\ld be our rev]5ce = him :o1 by 8 skill & k1 is capable1 & by 8 moral qualities will+1 to p]=m duties s on]\s & s difficult4 ,:at /ation 9 life c be reg>d$ z m exalt$2 ^: utility c be comp>$ ) t ( him :o proves himself fai?ful to ! duties he assumes1 :5 he takes ^u himself ! (fice ( a tea*] ( y\?8 ,! "q :i* is ev] pres5t to ! m9d ( ! true tea*] is3 ,:at c ,i d to insure ! happ9ess ( ^! be+s confid$ to my *>ge1 ^: m9ds x is giv5 to me to fa%ion1 n accord+ to my w1 b accord+ z my skill & judgm5t %all1 m or less1 enable me to adapt my tea*+s to _! natures8 ,:at %all ,i seek to engrave ^u ! cle> tablets ( _! "y & t5d] m9ds1 9 ord] t _! future lot may be a joy\s "o8 ,let me illu/rate 7he w say7 my pr(ession4 ,i w raise x high z ! mo/ honor$ among m51 & = my monum5t ,i w say3 ,look ar\nd2 see ! good works ( ^? :om ,i h taught & tra9$2 !y are my memorials6 ,su* may1 su* w become ! hope & aspiration common to tea*]s 9 t good day to come1 :5 _! labors %all be honor$ z !y des]ve2 :5 p>5ts1 9 all ! diff]5t ranks into :i* society falls1 %all vie ) ea* o!r 9 ! respect & honor t5d]$ to ! tea*]1 ^: true place 9 society is at lea/ n b5ea? t ( ! ,judge4 ,! tea*]s to be develop$ by su* a /ate ( society w1 z _! fir/ /ep1 seek to obta9 a cle> & compreh5sive view ( ! "w !y propose to accompli%1 & w !n seek to adopt ! mo/ judici\s means to rea* ! end propos$4 ,!y w adapt _! me?ods ( tea*+ to ! nature ( ! object to be taught & to ! ord] 9 :i* ! faculties ( ! human m9d naturally unfold !mselves1 = true education is ! natural unfold+ ( ! intellectual g]m4 ,9 ord] to obta9 ! k necess>y ( ! object to be taught1 ! true tea*] turns to nature z 8 guide1 = ! voice ( nature is ! voice ( ,god1 & 9 read+ h] /atutes we read t gr& volume 9 :i* ,he has left an impress ( ,himself4 ,! sci5ce ( nature is no?+ m ?an ! ability to read & int]pret correctly ! lessons taught4 ,!re 0 a p]iod :5 mank9d knew v little ( ! planet ^u :i* !y liv$ & mov$ & _h _! be+2 !re 0 a "t :5 !y knew almo/ no?+2 & !re w come a "t :5 !y w "k almo/ e ?+ t c be kn[n by f9ite man4 ,! e>? is our "m1 & nature is our tea*]1 & if we li/5 to h] voice1 %e w lead u high] & high] until we w /& ! ma/] & ! k+ 9 ! glorifi$ temple ( wisdom4 ,to rea* results s gr& & a position s exalt$1 our natures mu/ unfold 9 exact h>mony ) all ! laws & =ces :i* surr\nd & control u f ! "t our exi/5ce comm5ces until its close4 ,f ! p]iod ( conception until bir? ! *ild draws to itself all ! ess5tial elem5ts requir$ = ! organization ( a human be+2 ! capabilities & p[]s ( ! p>5t are tax$ & call$ ^u to contribute _! mat]ial to enable nature to reproduce itself4 ,! *ild is born1 & !n1 9 a high] & m enl>g$ & m indep5d5t /ate ( exi/5ce1 comm5ces draw+ to itself ! mat]ials & sub/ances necess>y = its gr[? & unfold+4 ,x draws 9 its "m's milk1 x draws 9 ! air1 & x builds up 9 itself ! unse5 =ces ( life4 ,nature1 true to h] mission1 goes on unfold+ ! *ild1 & tea*es x daily & h\rly ! lessons be/ adapt$ to its condition4 ,9 a few days aft] x is born1 its p[]s ( obs]vation beg9 to %[ signs ( life & action1 & x c di/+ui% light f d>kness2 9 a few weeks its "m & nurse are kn[n--9 a few mon?s quick5$ intellig5ce displays itself 9 all its actions2 9 ab\t twelve mon?s x has le>n$ ! mo/ difficult art ( balanc+ itself s z to walk1 & also to speak a few words2 at f two to two & a half ye>s ( age1 only ?irty mon?s f bir?1 x has le>n$ a language :i* x speaks1 & has become famili> ) a va/ numb] ( ?+s surr\nd+ x4 ,f a /ate ( entire ignorance x has 9 ?irty mon?s le>n$ :at w\ld fill volumes4 ,horses1 c[s1 pigs1 dogs1 toys1 :ips1 birds1 p1 trees1 h\ses1 fruit1 food1 clo!s1 music1 s\nds1 p>5ts1 fri5ds1 & a ?\s& o!r ?+s are all famili> to x4 ,)\t pr(essional tea*]s1 almo/ )\t ef=t1 all ?is valuable & indisp5sable k has be5 acquir$1 ?r\gh ! unconsci\s adoption on ! "p ( ! "m ( ! true sy/em ( education--e duco--,i lead =?1 & h5ce nurse1 *]i%1 build up1 develop4 ,! *ild feels or rea*es out1 l ! t5dril1 to ! mat]ial _w1 seek+ to make itself acqua9t$ ) t _w2 ev5 ! "y infant soon beg9s to obs]ve closely1 soon kn[s its "m f all o!r p]sons1 cl+s to h]1 loves h] above all2 soon x recognizes light f d>kness1 sweet f bitt]2 soon1 :5 x sees a dog x w recognize x & jump ) delight almo/ out ( its "m's arms2 x w %[ an eag] delight to wat* ! motions ( ! horse1 & imitates ! s\nds employ$ by adults :5 driv+4 ,he spreads =? ! t5tacles ( 8 feeble m9d = k1 & 8 m9d gr[s by :at x fe$s ^u1 & x is = ^? intru/$ ) ! infant's tra9+ to respond intellig5tly to ! *ild's desire1 to place )9 its rea* ! m5tal food adapt$ to its dige/ion1 to n\ri% & develop x s t its m5tal hung] %all be at once gratifi$ & excit$ anew4 ,x is "h1 & to ?is end1 t ! able tea*] /eps 91 to p]fect ! developm5t ( ! future man & woman4 ,he educates1 by assi/+ ! natural unfold+ ( ! intellectual g]m1 he places )9 rea* ( ! *ild-m9d ! food ne$$ to its gr[?1 & ! *ild-m9d rea*es out its t5tacles & absorbs ! n\ri%m5t (f]$ to x4 ,?us ! m9d gr[s f )9 outw>d1 & ! tea*] aids its developm5t1 z ! c>eful husb&man by till+ & enri*+ ! soil accord+ to ! nature ( ! plant he cultivates1 produces a heal?y & fruitful plant4 ,! true tea*] does n seek to tea* by simply putt+ books into ! *ild's h&1 & bidd+ x to le>n2 he addresses himself to ^? faculties & p[]s ( ! *ild's m9d1 :i* br+ x 9 relation ) ! _w 9 :i* x lives4 ,sight1 he>+1 t\*1 smell1 ta/e1 & !nce obs]vation1 judgm5t1 p]ception1 reason1 memory1 hope1 imag9ation1 & ! love ( ! beautiful are appeal$ to1 develop$ & /r5g!n$ by natural ex]cise1 ev5 z ! organs & limbs ( ! body are develop$ & /r5g!n$ by gymna/ic & o!r appropriate ex]cises4 ,education1 m5tal & physical1 is b ! ,,absorption ( surr\nd+ elem5ts into ! m9d & body--an arrangem5t an assimilation ( mat]ials s z to incorporate !m into ! be+ to ^: n\ri%m5t !y are appli$1 j z ! tree or plant assimilates to its gr[? & subsi/5ce ! mat]ials :i* x draws f ! air & ! soil4 ,x is ?us app>5t t a great *ange 9 ! sy/em & pr9ciples n[ adopt$ 9 tea*+ is requir$1 & if we *ange ! pr9ciples we mu/1 ( c\rse1 *ange ! in/rum5ts4 ,^! are n[ adapt$ to ! me?od ( tea*+ f ,,)\t inw>d4 ,if we are to inv]t ! sy/em1 & tea* f )9 outw>d1 !n mu/ our means & appliances be adapt$ to ?is *ange4 ,! task1 ! =c+ process1 ! /uff+ & cramm+ mu/ all give way to ! natural m5tal gr[?1 fo/]$1 *]i%$1 unfold$ by culture1 9 accord ) nature & ) law4 ,! inquiry !n arises3 ,:at are to be ! new means & appliances = m5tal culture8 ,we h b to turn aga9 to ,nature z our tea*] & our guide2 h] in/9cts are un]r+4 ,! se$ g]m9ates & pu%es =? its root f )9 outw>d4 ,! expansion or gr[? takes place by means ( ! elem5ts :i* x attracts to itself1 :5 ^! are plac$ )9 its rea*1 & t[>ds :i* x /ret*es =? its organs4 ,^! elem5ts x assimilates into & makes a "p ( itself4 ,?is process ( ,nature1 s famili> to mo/ ( u1 s]ves to illu/rate exactly :at %\ld take place 9 intellectual gr[?4 ,! m9d hung]s & feels out = & is impell$ by a natural int]nal impulse to ga!r to itself ! elem5ts ( k2 ! wise tea*] /eps =w>d & becomes to ! g]m9at+ intellect :at ! sun & dew & ra9 are to ! plant4 ,! m9d mu/ be f$ 9 con=mity ) its long+s1 its wants1 its desires4 ,bless$ are !y t hung] & ?ir/ aft] righte\sness4 ,! tea*] develops ?is hung] & ?ir/ by /imulat+ inquiry1 & by pres5t+ to ! m9d ! use & beauty ( k2 & :5 ! m9d gives signs t its hung] is tempor>ily appeas$1 t "t is n[ requir$ = m5tal dige/ion & assimilation1 ! wise tea*] re/s1 & w\ld no m attempt to /uff & cram ! m9d ?an ! wise "m w\ld seek to =ce food into h] *ild's /oma*4 ,intellectual gr[? ( "s k9d1 n less ?an bodily gr[?1 :e!r good or evil1 is con/antly tak+ place4 ,x %\ld be ! tea*]'s c>e to r5d] t gr[? a heal?y "o1 calculat$ to insure ! happ9ess ( ! subject1 &1 9 secur+ 8 own happ9ess1 to contribute to ! happ9ess ( o!rs4 ,! body be+ visible to ! physical eye1 its gr[? is also visible1 & we d n ?9k ( feel+ impati5t at ! long mon?s & ye>s requir$ = x to atta9 its full proportions2 nor d we seek by any =c+ process to produce a man at #aj in/ead ( at #bj or #cj ye>s ( age4 ,7 ! m9d & its gr[? also visible to ! eye1 we w\ld be equally c>eful 9 our treatm5t ( x4 ,man's fir/ impulse 9 an unciviliz$ /ate has g5]ally be5 a resort to =ce = ! accompli%m5t ( 8 objects2 & z he took 8 fir/ /ep =w>d ! habits ( 8 b>b>ic life rema9$ ) him4 ,h5ce1 ! fir/ /eps 9 tea*+ 7 by =ce--! la%1 ! rod1 ! s*ool p5al code2 b ev5 z :5 hungry1 :olesome & well-dress$ food rejoices u1 s w ! m9d gladly accept ! m5tal food c>efully prep>$ = x by ! true tea*]4 ,we live 9 a _w adapt$ by its ,creator to our happ9ess & highe/ well-be+4 ,x is n only possible1 b easy1 to w9 f ,nature all t is necess>y or desirable1 = our su/5ance & com=t4 ,x is ! true tea*]'s duty to fit ! *ild ?us to w9 its happ9ess2 & su* a tea*] has ev] pres5t to 8 m9d ! "q3 ,h[ am ,i to p]=m ?is duty8 ,:at sort ( tea*+ & tra9+ am ,i to give to ! subjects ( my c>e8 ,let u endeavor to f9d "s direction to guide u to ,nature's answ] to ?is "q4 ,,tea*+ ,,& ,,tra9+ ,:e!r we reg>d private s*ools or public s*ools1 bo>d+ or day s*ools1 we f9d t mu* :i* goes on at !m af=ds an important lesson1 n z to :at to foll[1 b :at to avoid4 ,is !re any ?+ wor?y ( ! "n1 ( confid+ int]c\rse betwe5 tea*] & pupil kn[n ^u ?is cont95t1 or to ext5d our inquiry1 we may say1 kn[n any:]e8 ,"h & !re exceptional in/ances w be f\nd1 z we h be=e said1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,europe1 ( m5 & wom5 devot$ to _! noble pr(ession1 betwe5 :om & _! pupils !re has gr[n up ! /ronge/ bond ( p>5tal & frat]nal affection4 ,to ^! tea*]s ! pupils run 9 e difficulty = its solution1 9 e dang] = protection2 b ) ^! exceptions ! tea*] is look$ ^u z a task-ma/]1 sometimes ev5 z a spy2 ! tasks set to be %irk$ z mu* z possible1 ! obs]vation ( ! tea*] to be elud$ & deceiv$4 ,lesson-"t ov]1 ! *ildr5 resort to _! tame animals1 to _! weav+-ma*9es1 _! w9d-mills & dams2 to _! g>d5s1 kites & %ips2 to swimm+1 r[+1 foot-ball1 m>bles1 leap-frog1 base-ball & cricket4 ,9 ! practice ( ^! games1 skill1 dext]ity & k are acquir$ ( :i* ! pupils appreciate ! utility1 & enjoy n only = pres5t1 b = anticipat$ future use4 ,natural ,hi/ory1 to be taught 9 s*ool & made a reality1 by foll[+ ! guide giv5 u by nature 9 ! amusem5ts to :i* *ildr5 resort ( _! own accord1 %\ld be a prom95t subject ( in/ruction & tra9+ 9 ! s*ool4 ,cultivat+ ! faculties ( obs]vation & ( analysis1 x %\ld be among ! e>lie/ subjects ( in/ruction1 &1 at ! same "t1 ( amusem5t4 ,b !y ought n to be taught f books2 nature & ! tea*] are ! only books to be employ$ until consid]able progress has be5 made by ! pupils4 ,x is s easy to procure ! ?+s !mselves = ! /udy ( botany2 an abundant supply ( wild fl[]s c be s readily obta9$1 suffici5t to enable ea* *ild to be suppli$ ) specim5s = exam9ation & dissection4 ,! int]e/ ( ! *ildr5 9 _! /udy c be s easily awak5$ & su/a9$ by ! judici\s tea*]1 ! difficulties ( ! suppos$ h>d words ( sci5tific names disappe> s readily1 t ! real difficulty is to und]/& h[ s obvi\s a subject ( in/ruction is ei!r :olly bani%$ f ! s*ools1 or s\ght to be taught only f books1 )\t any ref]5ce to liv+ nature4 ,! v>iety & multiplicity ( insect life af=ds ample opportunity = ! /udy ( t bran* ( natural hi/ory--& entomology w\ld be f\nd n less beautiful & int]e/+ ?an botany2 ! delightful excursions 9 :i* tea*]s & pupils w\ld jo9 = ! ga!r+ ( objects ( natural hi/ory w\ld at ! same "t s]ve to /r5g!n ! bond ( affection :i* %\ld exi/ betwe5 !m4 ,! nature ( 8 own body & ! functions ( 8 v>i\s organs w soon int]e/ ! pupil1 & along ) in/ruction !re9 he w\ld le>n ! qualities ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( animal & vegetable sub/ances 9 use = food1 _! relative value & importance 9 build+ up 8 body2 he w\ld le>n to comp>e ! food n[ 9 use ) t :i* 0 employ$ by our ance/ors1 & :at has giv5 rise to ! adoption ( ! new & ab&onm5t ( ! old2 ! me?ods ( cook]y be/ adapt$ to ea* k9d ( food1 & :at k9ds ( food are suitable = p>ticul> ages & /ates ( heal?2 :at mat]ial1 vegetable or animal1 is mo/ suitable = clo?+1 sep>ately or 9 comb9ation4 ,he w\ld le>n to comp>e our pres5t /yle ( clo?+ ) t adopt$ 9 pa/ ages2 he w\ld le>n ! hi/ory ( ! *anges :i* h be5 adopt$1 & :ile feel+ desir\s ( reta9+ su* z h be5 wisely adopt$1 might le>n f pa/ exp]i5ce to desire to return to "s good habits z to clo?+ :i* h be5 ab&on$4 ,! tight-fitt+ g>m5ts 9 :i* we unheal?ily clo! our bodies1 a fa%ion = :i* we are indebt$ to ! use ( armor 9 times :5 ! *ief occupation ( man 0 mutual slaught]1 & ! great object ( desire to secure protection aga9/ ho/ile weapons1 might "s "t come to be disc>d$ = ! m heal?ful practices ( ! anci5t ,asiatics & ,romans1 if a g5]al k ( ! unheal?fulness ( our pres5t practices %\ld come to prevail4 ,! necessity & mean+ ( light & cleanl9ess1 ! indiff]5ce ( ! human body to all natural *anges ( temp]ature1 :5 /r5g!n$ & ma9ta9$ 9 heal? by :olesome food & effici5t ba?+1 might lead to ! tak+ ( effective measures to re/ore ! old ,roman ba? to g5]al use4 ,z reg>ds %elt]1 :y a build+ on ! gr\nd is g5]ally to be pref]r$ to a cave or %elt] 9 ! gr\nd--:at mat]ials are be/ adapt$ = ro(s1 :at = walls1 floors1 w9d[s1 :y we use /one or brick 9 "o "p ( ! c\ntry & wood 9 ano!r2 :at sizes1 %apes1 means ( w>m? & v5tilation1 = privacy & social enjoym5t1 %\ld be adopt$1 & z reg>ds furniture & ut5sils1 :at are mo/ suitable = ! sev]al p>ts ( a dwell+2 :at %\ld guide our selection ( mat]ial1 fabrics1 %ape1 size & patt]n2 h[ to e/abli% a communication f "o "p ( a build+ to ano!r2 h[ wat] & light are to be _h mo/ readily4 ,all ^! ?+s %\ld =m ! subject ( s*ool /udy & inquiry4 ,! means ( locomotion1 h[ /reets1 roads & pa?s %\ld be laid out & ma9ta9$2 ! con/ruction & use ( c>riages1 c>s1 wagons1 tramways1 railroads1 %ips1 /eam]s1 propell+ p[]2 :]e bridges %\ld be built1 & h[2 viaducts & embankm5ts to cross valleys1 cutt+s & tunnels to p5etrate hills & m\nta9s2 ^!1 too1 simply at fir/1 & aft]w>ds 9 m elaborate detail1 %\ld =m subjects ( s*ool in/ruction1 ! rules det]m9+ ! selection ( ea* & ! me?ods ( _! con/ruction n be+ prea*$ 9 lectures1 ex ,ca!dra1 b evolv$ by a pati5t que/ion+ ( nature1 by exp]im5t & ! ,socratic me?od ( inquiry4 ,ex]cise ( ! limbs "u ! direction ( a skill$ in/ructor1 s t all ! muscles ( ! body may be duly tra9$1 & a heal?y body built up to support a heal?y m9d4 ,! k9ds ( recreation to be select$1 :e!r bull-bait+1 cock-fight+1 rat-cat*+ or prize-fight+1 %\ld be pref]r$ to games ( skill & /r5g?1 to ! drama1 lit]ature1 works ( art1 public walks1 g>d5s1 & museums2 ! comp>ative influ5ce ( all ^! ^u ! heal?1 /r5g?1 c\rage1 activity1 humanity1 ref9em5t & happ9ess ( society2 h[ p may be l$ to pref] su* z t5d to g5]al well-be+ to ^? :i* h a t5d5cy to brutalize & debase4 ,all ^! also %\ld be dwelt ^u 9 ! s*ool4 ,h[ /ores ( food1 ( clo?+1 ( fuel & ( ! mat]ials = build+ may be collect$ & pres]v$2 h[ pres5t labor may be made to supply future wants1 & ! ?\ght ( future enjoym5t be made to sweet5 ! pres5t toil4 ,h[ ! means ( in/ruction & ( amusem5t may be secur$4 ,h[ all engag$ 9 supply+ "o ne$ ( society co-op]ate ) all :o are engag$ 9 supply+ its o!r ne$s4 ,:at =m ( gov]nm5t is be/1 & h[ x may be be/ adm9i/]$4 ,h[ upright judges may be secur$1 ju/ice adm9i/]$1 & society protect$ aga9/ int]nal & ext]nal foes4 ,^! & all ! o!r subjects enum]at$ w\ld1 if h&l$ by a true tea*]1 be f\nd mo/ attractive to *ildr54 ,! names giv5 to ! subjects at :i* we h glanc$ are3 ,natural ,hi/ory1 ! ,ma!matical & ,physical ,sci5ces 9 all _! bran*es1 ,vegetable & ,animal ,physiology1 ! ,political & ,social ,sci5ces2 :i* %\ld be pres5t$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* ! att5tion & desire to le>n c\ld be ar\s$4 ,x w h>dly fail to /rike ! m9d ( ! read] t no?+ has yet be5 said ab\t giv+ in/ruction 9 ! use ( ^? tools = acquir+ k1 read+1 writ+1 ciph]+ & draw+4 ,! true tea*] w und]/& ! omission4 ,! comm5cem5t ( ! in/ruction 9 read+1 writ+1 ciph]+1 draw+1 & 9 spell+1 w\ld take place z "p ( ! object lesson :i* %\ld be adopt$ z ! fir/ /ep to k1 & %\ld be reta9$ 9 ! mo/ advanc$ classes z ! mo/ p]fect me?od ( apply+ ! k :i* has be5 acquir$4 ,x w\ld soon be und]/ood by ! pupils t ! p[] ( read+1 ( writ+1 ( design+ & ( calculat+ is ess5tial to ! acquirem5t ( k1 & to any ?+ l ext5t & v>iety ( in=mation on subjects relat+ to individual & social well-be+4 ,! desire ( acquir+ ?is k w\ld quick5 ! faculties ( ! *ildr51 augm5t _! indu/ry1 & light5 ! labors ( ! tea*] to an indef9able ext5t4 ,! tea*] :o %\ld fail to imp>t a mod]ate degree ( skill 9 ^! arts to mo/1 & ( excell5ce to _m1 at ! same "t t adequate progress 0 made 9 ! /udy ( ! sci5ces we h nam$1 %\ld be deem$ unfit = 8 pr(ession1 & n be all[$ to relieve himself f disgrace by magnify+ ! difficulties ( 8 task or by compla9ts ( ! idl5ess or want ( capacity ( 8 pupils4 ,z *ildr5 w take int]e/ 9 :at !y le>n 9 proportion to _! und]/&+ ( its be>+ ^u _! own happ9ess1 & ^u _! actual life & surr\nd+s1 ! k ( !mselves z be+s act$ ^u by surr\nd+ objects & by _! own k9d1 %\ld be c>efully imp>t$ to !m simultane\sly ) ! k ( ! qualities ( ! surr\nd+ objects de/9$ to act ^u !m4 ,*ildr5 ?us work$ ^u by skill$ & e>ne/ in/ructors2 l$ to f9d out & obs]ve ! prop]ties ( t ,nature ( :i* !y =m a "p2 _! m9ds n\ri%$ by ! enjoym5t :i* foll[s ! ma/]+ ( e difficulty1 & ! addition ( e fre% item ( k to _! previ\s /ore2 tra9$ also 9 habits ( heal?fulness & ( amiability2 w n only *e]fully give !mselves to /udy1 b w also seek to dignify by _! conduct & to improve by practice ! k !y progressively acquire1 soon und]/&+1 among o!r ?+s1 :y !y are s5t to s*ool & ! importance ( t education1 "p ( :i* !y are to acquire at s*ool4 ,z ! object ( ! s*ool-tea*+ %\ld be to prep>e ! pupils = actual life1 !y %\ld be made famili> ) ! idea t all _! means ( subsi/5ce & enjoym5t c only be obta9$ by labor2 n only %\ld _! att5tion be call$ to ! fact1 b !y %\ld be made s5sible h[ mu* skill1 k & labor & economy 7 ne$$ = ! creation ( exi/+ /ores1 & are ne$$ = _! ma9t5ance 9 undim9i%$ quantity2 nor c ?is be done 9 any way m fitly or completely ?an by p]=m+ "u _! eyes1 & caus+ !m to take "p 91 ! actual bus9ess ( production4 ,! well-ord]$ s*ool is an indu/rial s*ool1 9 :i* e indu/rial occupation1 manufactur+ or agricultural1 = ! c>ry+ on ( :i* conv5i5ce c be made1 %\ld be successively practis$ by ! *ildr51 "u ! direction ( skill$ work]s4 ,! f>m1 ! factory1 ! %op1 ! c\nt+-h\se & ! kit*51 %\ld ea* h its type 9 ! s*ool1 & pres5t to ! m9ds ( ! *ildr5 a picture ( real life2 :ile _! practice w\ld imp>t a skill & adaptability to ! pupils :i* w\ld insure _! prep>$ness = all ! vicissitudes ( ! mo/ ev5tful life4 ,c any reason be sugge/$ = adopt+ a diff]5t sy/em ( in/ruction = girls ?an t :i* %all be det]m9$ on z be/ fitt$ = boys8 ,we confess to our inability to p]ceive any--bo? are organisms ( ! same all-p]vad+ nature--to bo? ! mo/ intimate k ( t :i* skill & p]sev]ance secure1 seems to be desirable = _! happ9ess1 & t ( all mank9d4 ,( ! two1 p]haps1 ! greate/ k is ne$$ = ! woman1 ,,= ,,h]s ,,is ,,! ,,m ,,important ,,& ,,m ,,p]fect$ ,,organism2 to h] is committ$ ! p]=mance ( ! *ief functions ( ! highe/ act ( organiz$ be+s1 viz41 reproduction2 !re=e1 ^u h] k & conduct1 f> m ?an ^u t ( ! man1 dep5ds ! future ( ! be+s 9 :om %e is to live aga94 ,ano!r great object ) ! true tea*]1 w be s to tra9 ! judgm5t ( 8 pupils z to avoid t =m+ ( unconsid]$ op9ion :i* is ! p>5t ( prejudice & a *ief ob/acle to progress4 ,tra9$ to inve/igate ! f\ndations ( e fact 9 nature & 9 sci5ce1 to weigh ! evid5ces on :i* !y are ask$ to receive ass]tions1 :e!r ( a physical1 moral or social nature1 !y w ev] h a reason = ! fai? t is 9 !m2 & w "k h[ to ,,susp5d ,,judgm5t :5 ! means ( k are insuffici5t4 ,su* pupils w n be apt to =m op9ions ei!r 9 physical sci5ce1 politics1 or indu/rial life1 )\t hav+ fir/ ?or\ghly exam9$ ! bases ( ! op9ions !y =m & express1 :ile ! prejudices imbib$ f nurses or p>5ts1 w be subject$ to vigor\s inve/igation1 & ei!r receiv$ z s\nd doctr9e1 or disc>d$ z ill-f\nd$ & sup]/iti\s4 ,( h[ _m prejudices are we n ! victims1 )\t be+ ourselves 9 ! lea/ consci\s ( ! fact6 ,our political op9ions1 our social cu/oms1 are tak5 up l ! fa%ion ( a coat1 )\t reason or reflection2 & habit & association1 b too (t5 hold u captive long aft] reason has pron\nc$ h] condemnation2 our m9ds h be5 w>p$ f tru?1 & we fail to p]ceive our own defici5cy1 to recognize ! m5tal di%one/y ) :i* we are afflict$4 ,all ?is w be av]t$ 9 ! case ( ^? :o 9 _! y\? are tra9$ to a rigor\s inve/igation ( e fact pres5t$ to _! m9ds1 until ! habit ( tru?1 n m]ely ( speak+ & tell+ ! tru?1 b t m5tal tru?fulness :i* %r9ks f accept+ a falsehood = tru?1 & ackn[l$ges ignorance r ?an utt] :at is n assur$--w become z mu* a "p ( ! pupil's nature z is 8 desire = food4 ,9 %ort1 he w\ld be s tra9$ z to feel z great a repugnance to plunge 8 m9d into moral1 z 8 body into mat]ial fil?4 ,aga91 :ile ev] m]ciful & pity+ to ! crim9al1 he w\ld be intol]ant ( falsehood :]ev] x might be f\nd2 & he w\ld deem himself d]elict 9 8 duty1 z a man & z a citiz51 did he leave corruption to rot & fe/] 9 ! ,commonweal?1 because he & o!rs l him w\ld n take ! tr\ble to raise _! voices aga9/ wrongdo]s6 ,:at a diff]5t aspect w\ld n ?is great city ( ,new ,york (f] to our inspection to :at x n[ pres5ts1 _h a g5]ation be5 tra9$ 9 ! k1 & practis$ 9 ! obs]vance ( _! duties z citiz5s6 ,did ^? m]*ants & trad]s1 :o1 9 _! private deal+s w\ld scorn a lie1 b recognize ! duty !y owe z citiz5s & z m5 ( tru?1 !y w\ld1 by unit+1 soon sweep away ! s]i\s discr$it to our c\ntry & to ,republican ,in/itutions1 ! fe/]+ corruption ( ?is city & ( ! ,/ate2 yet x is to _! sup9e1 nay wick$ tol]ance ( ! evil t we owe ! specim5s ( judicial corruption by :i* we are robb$ & di%onor$4 ,c x be said t any sy/em ( education c be s\nd1 :i* %all fail to demon/rate1 at lea/ to ! old] pupils1 _! duties z citiz5s1 to take an active1 intellig5t & upright int]e/ 9 public affairs2 t %all fail to in/ruct !m 9 ! pr9ciples by :i* _! judgm5ts %\ld be guid$1 & lead !m to disc>d e action 9 public affairs1 :i* !y w\ld n approve 9 private life8 ,we mu/ cease to live 9 books1 9 pa/ my/ifications1 9 useless !ories1 9 fooli% & unpr(itable discussions1 9 anci5t ideas & cu/oms1 & grasp ! liv+ pres5t ) all ! ri*ness1 fullness & beauty ( its life4 ,! *emi/ry ( nature1 ! "w ( h] great laboratory1 %\ld be ! /udy ( y\? z ( age1 in/ead ( dead languages & ! va9 & fooli% my?ology ( ,greeks & ,romans :]e) at pres5t we poison ! m9ds ( ! "y4 ,c we take burn+ coals into our bosom & n be burn$8 ,c we suff] ! impressionable m9ds ( y\? to be impregnat$ ) ! fil? ( ! hea!n poets 9 _! imag9+s ( gods z disgu/+ z !mselves1 )\t /a9+ ! pure tablet ( ! m9d ) spots & grossness1 :ile ! *ildr5 acquire a di/a/e = t glori\s nature ^: volume %\ld be _! con/ant /udy8 ,we h to deal ) ! great pres5t1 ) life1 n ) dea?--to promote heal?1 physical & moral1 n to propagate infecti\s sickness4 ,! pres5t1 wisely improv$1 leads to a happy future1 & is ! only road to t goal4 ,we c n jump ! pres5t & its duties & rea* ! future s z to enjoy x1 nei!r c ! dead pa/ light5 ! labors ( ! liv+ pres5t4 ,!re is a pa/ :i* /ill lives & vivifies ! pres5t1 b ! qua9t & fil?y imag]y 9 :i* ! anci5t prie/s disguis$ f ! pr(ane--f all b ! initiat$--! my/]ies ( _! lore1 c be ( small acc\nt to a p ^: great duty is ! dissem9ation ( light & tru?4 ,e ?+ t has any relation to man's com=t & well-be+1 or to 8 happ9ess z a social be+1 t x is1 & n ! dead pa/ t we %\ld le>n1 & ( ! ?+s t affect u mo/ ne>ly we %\ld le>n fir/4 ,:at did ! anci5ts "k ( /eam1 ( electricity1 ( ! mat]ial elem5ts ( nature1 ( h] =ces8 ,& little z we "k1 h[ mu* ( t little c\ld be le>n$ f a lifelong /udy ( anci5t lore8 ,if !re be aught ( value 9 ! laws ( anci5t ,rome :i* has n be5 translat$ into our native tongue1 let x be translat$2 b let n our y\? wa/e preci\s ye>s 9 le>n+ to play ^u an in/rum5t 7,greek or ,lat97 :i* :5 le>n$ c give =? no s\nd4 ,b if we turn to ,nature & to h] gr& volume1 we !re f9d all ! k man c acquire4 ,f h] /udy1 too1 we c le>n a lesson1 n p]haps among ! lea/ important1 z to ! limits fix$ by nature to human k4 ,to "k ( a surety :at ^? ?+s are :i* nev] c be kn[n to mortal man1 is a k1 ! want ( :i* has driv5 _m to pu]ile & sup]/iti\s practices1 & _m m to madness & despair4 ,f ! great book ( ,nature1 ,god's book1 is to be le>n$ ! pr9ciple ( ju/ice1 ( love1 ( wisdom1 ( tru?2 & z ! g]m ( ju/ice is develop$ 9 ! m9d1 ! m9d is br\ght 9 contact ) ! ,great ,f\nta91 absorbs a portion ( its light1 enl>ges1 develops1 becomes /rong]1 assimilates to itself ! ess5ce ( ! great ,godhead1 & r5d]s man godlike4 ,s ) ea* ( ! o!r faculties ( man2 ea* draws its n\ri%m5t f its special ,,f\nta94 ,wisdom1 love1 ju/ice1 & tru? %\ld preside2 & if judgm5t1 sympa?y & consci5ti\sness be judici\sly tra9$ & develop$1 !y w help to develop h>moni\sly all ! o!r faculties4 ,b to ?is end !y1 & ea* & all ( man's faculties1 mu/ be br\ght into a :olesome1 natural contact1 ea* ) its prop] food2 & by natural we mean n t contact :i* might p]adv5ture happ5 if left unc>$ =1 b su* z ! nature ( ! faculty dem&s = its developm5t 9 due h>mony1 to produce ! greate/ am\nt ( happ9ess to its possessor4 ,to supply ?is food1 to br+ to ea* faculty its prop] alim5t1 is ! bus9ess ( ! true tea*]4 ,if we desire a *ild to be tru?ful1 we mu/ br+ x 9 contact ) tru?1 & br+ x to love tru? by caus+ its practice to inure to ! *ild's enjoym5t4 ,if we wi% x to be wise1 we mu/ br+ its m9d 9 contact ) wisdom1 ex]cise its analytical p[]s1 & tra9 its judgm5t2 let x see s\nd judgm5t produc+ happ9ess2 let x see h[ beautiful & desirable is ! possession ( wisdom1 & ! *ild w soon le>n to seek x = its own sake4 ,to *a/ise a *ild = speak+ t :i* is untrue may fill x ) fe>1 b does n make x love tru?4 ,! love ( tru? & ( wisdom mu/ be cultivat$ z we cultivate ! love ( music4 ,seek me e>ly1 & ye %all f9d me4 ,knock1 & x %all be op5$ unto y4 ,t :i* ! m9d seeks x w f9d4 ,! natural relation%ips are e/abli%$1 & x is only = u to "w 9 h>mony )1 & n ob/ruct or int]f]e ) !m4 ,x is ! true relation%ip ( ?+s we ne$ to le>n4 ,!re is no?+ 9 u t is n 9 nature4 ,all ! =ces develop$ 9 man are b developm5ts ( nature2 & all ! =ces requir$ = 8 n\ri%m5t & /r5g? exi/ 9 ! bosom ( ,nature4 ,matt]1 light1 heat1 electricity are n produc$ by him4 ,9 nature !y exi/2 remove any "o ( !m & he p]i%es4 ,to ,nature !n mu/ we ev] turn z ! res]voir ( n\ri%m5t & z ! tea*]1 by ! /udy ( ^: volume we le>n all ( wisdom t c be kn[n ( mortal man1 or t c t5d to 8 well-be+2 & h] true relation%ips mu/ be ! con/ant object ( our se>*4 ,be=e ! k ( h] true relation%ips disappe> sup]/ition & fe> & my/]y4 ,! lightn+'s fla%1 ! ?und]'s ro>1 ! fall+ meteor & ! sun's eclipse cease to t]rify & al>m4 ,wit*es1 hobgobl9s & demons come no long] to tr\ble u2 ! mo/ unusual ph5om5a awak5 only philosophical rese>* & curiosity4 ,& :at is true ( ! full-gr[n man is n less true ( ! *ild4 ,t s*ool :]e9 *ildr5 above ! age ( infancy fail to assi/ ! tea*] 9 8 in/ruction1 is an ill-ord]$ s*ool4 ,x is n ! subject1 b ! tea*] :o is un9t]e/+2 he scolds1 worries & puni%es 8 pupils1 :5 he himself is ! fitt] subject = ! la%4 ,he awak5s ! s5se ( fe> :i* %\ld lie dormant1 :ile ! o!r faculties ( 8 pupils slumb] 9 spiritless inactivity4 ,z ! object ( education is to prep>e *ildr5 to ent] successfully & happily into life1 & wisely to dis*>ge all ! duties devolv+ ^u !m z !y unfold into m5 & wom51 & occupy ! sph]e assign$ to !m1 ! simple rule = ! c\rse ( in/ruction seems to be1 t !y %\ld le>n ^? ?+s 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y c be receiv$ by ! *ild's m9d1 :i* mo/ vitally affect _! well-be+ & happ9ess4 ,z only a heal?y1 well-develop$ body c af=d a home to a heal?y1 well-develop$ m9d1 physical culture claims e>ly & con/ant att5tion1 & %\ld receive t c>eful reg>d to :i* ! tru? conta9$ 9 ! well-kn[n aphorism3 ,we are fe>fully & wond]fully made1 entitles x4 ,! tea*+s ( ! sci5ces ( ,pa?ology & ( sanit>y sci5ce %\ld be judici\sly & c>efully elucidat$1 practically & !oretically2 pres5t$ /ep by /ep to ! m9d ( ! *ild2 & ! *ild's body & m9d %\ld be c>efully tra9$1 s z to develop all its physical & m5tal p[]s 9 h>mony4 ,gymnasiums = ! body1 conduct$ by m5 :o h made !mselves ma/]s ( anatomy & physiology1 %\ld be an ess5tial feature 9 e s*ool1 s t ignorance & ! desire to excel may n lead to putt+ a /ra9 ^u ! sy/em calculat$ mat]ially to injure organs :i* ne$ c>eful & judici\s developm5t4 ,plays1 games1 danc+1 m>*+ & ! gymnasium all require ! c>eful sup]vision ( a tea*] well v]s$ 9 a practical k ( ! human sy/em1 & ?or\ghly appreciative ( ! great tru?1 ,we are fe>fully & wond]fully made4 ,b ! f\ndation = ! s*ool z = ! life c>e] mu/ be laid at home1 & mu* z ! tea*] c d1 he c nev] supply defici5cies result+ f ! want ( a well-ord]$ home or ( a heal?y home tra9+4 ,nev]1 save "u necessity1 %\ld ! p>5t yield up 8 sacr$ duty to ano!r1 at lea/ dur+ ! t5d] ye>s ( *ildhood4 ,! education ( ! he>t & ( ! affections1 is z ess5tial z ! s*ool education1 & ^! c nev] be s well cultivat$ z "u ! influ5ce ( home4 ,all mu/ be develop$ 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! true equilibrium4 ,! bo>d+-s*ool is n ! place = *ildr5 to atta9 a s\nd moral developm5t1 & ! soon] p>5ts g5]ally und]/& ?is tru?1 ! bett] = _! *ildr51 = !mselves & = society4 ,z well uproot ! fl[]1 or %rub or tree1 & expect x to fl\ri%1 z to cut ! *ild (f f ! influ5ce ( home1 & ! c>e ( a lov+ "m1 fa!r1 bro!r & si/]1 & hope t ! sympa!tic faculties ( its m9d c atta9 _! j developm5t4 ,physical culture1 h]et(ore neglect$ among u--! body be+ left to gr[ up z x may happ5 or *ance--w =m a prom95t feature ( tra9+ 9 e well-ord]$ s*ool4 ,all ! muscles ( ! body w be 9 turn ex]cis$1 develop$4 ,! anci5t ,greeks af=d$ u "h also a wise example1 :i* we h signally fail$ to imitate4 ,let u secure = our *ildr5 all ! advantages we c f an enlight5$ & natural sy/em ( education1 & d all we c to p]fect bo? m9d & body4 ,h[ (t5 is ! cry repeat$1 ,mamma1 tell me a /ory1 & mamma1 tir$ & we>y1 says %e is too busy1 or1 = ! want ( a bett]1 tells ov] aga9 = ! hundr$? "t1 ,little ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood1 or "s o!r equally fooli% or m injuri\s tale1 su* z ,bluebe>d or ,c9d]ella4 ,anecdotes ( great m51 suitably arrang$1 ev5ts 9 hi/ory & biography1 c>ry+ ) !m valuable & important morals1 w af=d all ! amusem5t ! *ild desires1 )\t develop+ a love = ! m>vell\s & false1 :i* leads x away 9 infancy f ! simple1 tru?ful1 & natural4 ,if *ildr5 are to be taught to ?9k naturally & tru?fully1 we c n beg9 too "y1 & x is ! duty ( p>5ts to rememb] t ,val5t9e & ,orson1 ,c9d]ella1 ,bluebe>d1 & su* /ories1 are a web ( false & exagg]at$ /atem5ts t w1 & d produce injuri\s effects ^u ! *ild's m9d4 ,! /ory ( ,aladd9's ,lamp has made _m a *ild desire to enjoy weal? )\t labor1 & has ex]t$ a mo/ p]nici\s1 ?\gh unsuspect$1 influ5ce ^u 8 future4 ,*ildr51 n less ?an m51 seek an easy road to ! objects ( _! desires2 & :ile works ( imag9ation are to be by no means disc>d$ 9 m5tal tra9+1 su* %\ld n be select$ z give false notions ( ! busy & indu/rial life into :i* ! *ild is to be introduc$4 ,ev5 9 ! *oice & use ( ! f9e/ works ( fiction1 ! greate/ caution is necess>y4 ,! little "o c h>dly di/+ui% betwe5 a fable t amuses x1 & a lie told to %ield x f puni%m5t4 ,if x he> no?+ b tru?1 x w "k no?+ b tru?2 & a tru?ful m9d is a glori\s ?+ to behold 9 *ildr5 z 9 m54 ,an idle bra9 is ! devil's work%op2 !re=e let !re be no idle bra9s1 b let all "w usefully & pleasantly4 ,usefully we say1 = ev5 amusem5t is useful4 ,we live 9 a _w ( use1 9 a _w ( beauty1 a _w t c be greatly improv$1 & human happ9ess l>gely increas$1 accord+ z we avail ourselves ( ! k already acquir$ = ! "r tea*+ & tra9+ ( ! "y1 s t !y may gr[ up & develop into happy1 self-support+ m5 & wom51 diffus+ happ9ess to all ar\nd1 !mselves happy 9 proportion to ! happ9ess !y cause4 ,,! ,,s*ool4 ,^u ! organization & arrangem5t ( ! s*ool l>gely dep5ds ! success ( ! educator4 ,two ?+s mu/ be borne con/antly 9 m9d4 ,fir/1 to create tru?ful & intellectual atmosph]e1 :]e wisdom1 honor1 & k c be inhal$ z ) ! brea?1 & second1 to make ! s*ool *e]ful & attractive 9 e way possible4 ,we mu/ get rid ( ! idea n[ g5]ally prevail+ among *ildr51 t ! s*ool is to be resort$ to ) regret & escap$ f ) pleasure4 ,s soon z ! *ild w look at & become int]e/$ 9 pictures & toys1 & w li/5 to tales & little /ories1 x c pr(itably be introduc$ 9 ! s*ool1 ! fir/ dep>tm5t ( :i* %\ld be ! ,infant-s*ool1 or1 z ! ,g]mans s aptly t]m x1 ! *ildr5's g>d51 or ,k9d] ,g>t54 ,"h plait+1 modell+1 & build+1 ) simple object lessons = ! old] infants1 develop _! p[]s ( obs]vation1 & give employm5t & imp>t skill to little f+]s :i* might else be engag$ 9 de/roy+ furniture or clo!s1 or 9 pilf]+ f ! sug>-b[l4 ,practical famili>ity ) ! prop]ties ( l9es1 angles1 circles1 sph]es1 cyl9d]s1 cubes1 cones1 & ! conic sections w be acquir$1 :i* w give a life & reality to ! geometrical /udies :i* w occupy !m 9 _! s*ool c>e]4 ,danc+ & s++ w relieve ! t$ium ( sitt+1 %ake (f ! surplus en]gy1 give re/ to ! body1 & p[]1 "t1 & tune to ! voice4 ,models ( h\ses1 /ores1 work%ops1 kit*5s1 f>ms1 & factories1 :i* lat] on !y w assi/ 9 mak+1 w be a s\rce alike ( amusem5t & in/ruction4 ,9 ! *ildr5's g>d5 no tea*] %\ld h *>ge ( m ?an ab\t twelve *ildr51 :o %\ld reg>d h] z _! "m-tea*]1 :ile %e %\ld seek to w9 ! love & confid5ce ( ! little ones z ! beg9n+ ( h] "w4 ,ea* class ( twelve %\ld h _! own special room1 :ile = g5]al purposes1 su* z music1 drill+1 gymna/ic ex]cises1 games1 tableaux1 & exhibitions ( ! magic lant]n1 ! oxyhydrog5 microscope1 ! /]eopticon1 & ! l1 !y %\ld assemble 9 a l>ge hall4 ,! details ( arrangem5ts w readily sugge/ !mselves4 ,! ma9 feature is to h all ?+s natural1 free1 pleasant1 *e]ful1 bright1 ref9$1 & unre/ra9$ by ext]nal =ms or rigid rules1 at ! same "t t ord] is secur$ by an easy discipl9e4 ,s deeply are we impress$ ) ! importance & utility ( ! k9d] g>t51 & ) ! high qualities requir$ by ! tea*] ( ! v "y1 t we are m & m dispos$ to believe t ! true ord] 9 rank & promotion among tea*]s %\ld be1 to speak 9 p>adox1 d[nw>ds2 t is to say1 ! y\ng] ! *ildr5 to be taught1 ! high] ! rank & remun]ation ( ! tea*]2 = n only is an ext5sive range ( k necess>y to enable ! tea*] tru?fully to answ] ! innum]able que/ions ( inquisitive infancy1 & to avoid giv+ false notions1 to be aft]w>ds ) great] or less difficulty remov$--always ) a %ock to ! moral s5tim5t :5 ! *ild discov]s x has be5 deceiv$--b also a k ( ! infant m9d1 a p]ception ( ! ?\ghts & fancies :i* *ase "o ano!r ?r\gh ! infant bra91 a k & p]ceptive p[] :i* only a wat*ful & lov+ exp]i5ce c acquire4 ,an indu/ry & a pati5ce f> beyond any ne$$ by ! tea*] ( m advanc$ pupils are also requir$ by ! highly-cultivat$ m5 & wom51 to :om alone ! tra9+ ( infant m9ds %\ld be intru/$4 ,advanc$ pupils g m ?an half-way to meet _! tea*]--! infant c r5d] no assi/ance to 81 all has to be borne1 suff]$ & done = him--8 future habits dep5d ma9ly on ^? giv5 to him 9 8 e>lie/ ye>s4 ,yet ! c>e ( him 9 ^! important days is g5]ally confid$ to ignorant nurses & to ! less-skill$ class ( tea*]s4 ,9 build+ ! s*ool1 a pleas+ /yle ( ar*itecture %\ld be adopt$1 & ! walls ( ! ma9 hall %\ld be hung ) diagrams ( all k9ds1 illu/rative ( natural hi/ory 9 its l>ge/ s5se1 ( ! sci5ces & ( ! me*anical arts1 & ) portraits or bu/s ( di/+ui%$ m54 ,! walls ( ! class-rooms %\ld be decorat$ ) diagrams & maps & figures ref]r+ to ! special bran*es taught !re94 ,a l>ge & commodi\s laboratory %\ld be fitt$ up 9 ! build+1 to enable e pupil to acquire exp]im5tally t k ( *emical =ces & action :i* books alone c nev] imp>t4 ,a conv5i5t obs]vatory %\ld af=d facility = a/ronomical /udy & obs]vation4 ,on ! top floors or ar\nd ! build+ %\ld be arrang$ work%ops1 :]e ! use ( tools & ma*9]y c\ld be taught4 ,! classes %\ld assemble 9 ! l>ge hall1 9 ! morn+1 :]e !y might jo9 9 s++ or light gymna/ic ex]cises1 or li/5 to "s %ort appropriate address be=e betak+ !mselves to _! class-rooms4 ,! tea*+ 9 ^! latt] %\ld be conduct$1 :]ev] practicable1 ^u ! ,socratic me?od1 & e bran* ( sci5ce & ( art c\ld be ?us expla9$4 ,! "m unconsci\sly uses ?is me?od 9 educat+ or draw+ out ! fir/ p]ceptions ( infancy & e>ly y\?2 & ! impressions d]iv$ f ?is me?od ( acquir+ k are ! mo/ la/+1 be+ su* z become mo/ absolutely assimilat$ ) ! pupil's m9d4 ,! tea*] w\ld also1 at frequ5t int]vals1 conduct 8 class into ! fields & woods = ! /udy ( botany1 entomology1 & geology1 :]e ,nature w\ld supply 9 abundance ! mat]ials1 & ! tea*] w\ld be ! only book4 ,in/ruction 9 ! v>i\s trades :i* c\ld be conv5i5tly practis$ %\ld receive att5tion1 ! ta/e ( ! pupils be+ made a guide to selection4 ,"s portion ( ! tea*+ :i* goes on 9 s*ool %\ld be p]=m$ by ! pupils1 "u ! sup]vision ( ! tea*]4 ,no adult c s ?or\ghly ent] into a *ild's m9d z c ano!r *ild2 nor is ?is ! only reason4 ,t is n fully kn[n :i* c n be ?or\ghly us$ & appli$1 & k c n be appli$ :i* its possessor c n himself imp>t4 ,a p]fect illu/ration ( ?is tru? is furni%$ u 9 ! tra9+ ( ! soldi]4 ,^u no?+1 p]haps1 h ! k & skill ( ! mo/ p[]ful intellects be5 m conc5trat$ ?an ^u ! sci5ce & art ( mutual slaught]2 & 9 e/abli%+ ! soldi]s' drill1 an exhau/ive analysis ( ! means by :i* ! desir$ object 0 to be atta9$ has be5 pursu$4 ,! m5 ^: intellects h develop$ t drill1 h n be5 cont5t to treat ! soldi] z a pupil only4 ,ea* recruit has 9 turn to tea*1 z well z to le>n to practise :at he has le>n$1 by drill+ o!rs :om he is made tempor>ily to comm&1 z well z to practise 8 drill "u ! comm& ( 8 (fic]2 = only by su* means c\ld ! highe/ degree ( effici5cy be secur$4 ,! reasons :i* l$ to ! adoption ( ?is pr9ciple 9 ! b>rack apply equally to ! s*ool4 ,?is pr9ciple ( giv+ & receiv+ we also see exemplifi$ 9 ,nature4 ,animals inhale oxyg5 f ! air & return c>bonic acid1 :i* s]ves to build up ! /ructure ( ! plant1 & ! latt] 9 its turn gives out oxyg5 to supply ! consumption ( animals4 ,e day--9 ! middle ( ! day1 9 w9t]1 9 ! summ]1 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 or 9 ! ev5+--gymna/ic tra9+ on ! sy/em ( ! ,sw$i% anatomi/ ,l+ or ( ! ,g]man ,turn]s w\ld =m a portion ( ! curriculum1 = :i* conv5i5t app>atus w\ld be provid$4 ,biography %\ld =m an important feature 9 ! c\rse ( read+1 its subjects be+ arrang$ 9 gr\ps2 & ! true glory ( a ,wa%+ton1 a ,b5?am1 a ,/ev5son1 a ,morse1 & a ,cobd5 di/+ui%$ f ! false gl>e & t9sel ( a ,l\is ,,xiv4 & a ,m>lbor\gh4 ,music1 bo? vocal & in/rum5tal1 w\ld be taught to all1 b only ^? m gift$ by nature w\ld be educat$ to p]=m solo4 ,ne>ly all p]sons c be tra9$ to s+ "p-music pleasantly & intellig5tly1 & to p]=m mod]ately on "s in/rum5t4 ,! cultivation ( ! musical faculties h>monizes ! m9d1 & af=ds a nev]-fail+ s\rce ( solace & recreation4 ,! attempt to conv]t all p]sons into solo p]=m]s1 & ! hypocritical applause ) :i* _! discordant notes are indiscrim9ately greet$1 deprives society ( ! pleasures :i* "p-music well p]=m$ w\ld af=d1 by enc\rag+ all to attempt :at !y are pretty sure to d badly1 to ! exclusion ( :at !y w\ld be equally likely to d well4 ,we h res]v$ = ! la/1 to enum]ate :at is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ important ( all ! subjects ( in/ruction4 ,,to ,,all *ildr51 s soon z !y c be promot$ f ! k9d] g>t5--p]haps ev5 to ! high] grades !re9--in/ruction 9 ! conditions ( human well-be+1 & 9 ! ph5om5a & arrangem5ts ( social life %\ld be giv51 & %\ld be cont9u$ ?r\gh\t _! s*ool c>e]4 ,:at6 tea* political economy to *ildr58 ,ev5 s4 ,x w be conc$$1 t to tea* ! future labor]s ! laws by :i* ! wages ( _! labor w be regulat$1 h[ high wages may be secur$ & l[ wages prev5t$--to tea* ! future capitali/s ! laws by :i* _! pr(its w be det]m9$1 h[ l>ge pr(its may be secur$1 & loss1 failure1 crises1 & panics avoid$--mu/ be a desirable1 if x be a practicable ?+4 ,is x practicable8 ,! exp]i5ce ( tw5ty ye>s has prov$ t x is4 ,! exp]im5t has be5 tri$ by ,mr4 ,wm4 ,ellis1 ! wise & noble f\nd] ( ! ,birkbeck s*ools ( ,london1 ,engl&1 :o n only devot$ 8 surplus means to ! end[m5t ( true s*ools1 b gave also 8 "t to in/ruct 9 ! pr9ciples ( ! sci5ce ( human well-be+--alike ! poor *ildr5 by :om 8 s*ools 7 att5d$ & ! *ildr5 ( ! ,que5 ( ,engl&4 ,he also in/ruct$ & tra9$ a corps ( tea*]s1 pr(essional & volunte]1 & by "o ( ! latt] a class 0 conduct$ 9 ! w9t] ( #ahfg1 '#fh at ! ,normal ,s*ool ( ?is city ( "s #ce to #dj tea*]s engag$ 9 ! practical "w ( tea*+ 9 our common s*ools1 :o1 "u 8 guidance1 became1 aft] a %ort c\rse ( "s tw5ty or m lessons1 en?usia/ic advocates = ! introduction ( ?is /udy into ! s*ools2 = n only does x tea* ! conditions ( indu/rial success1 b x is also a sci5ce ( morals & ( e?ics f> m wor?y ( ! att5tion x has nev] yet receiv$ 9 ?is or1 inde$1 9 any c\ntry1 ?an t :i* is giv5 to :at goes "u ! "n ( moral tea*+ & tra9+4 ,x is by gradual /eps--by ! employm5t ( ! ,socratic me?od ( in/ruction--) a r>e use ( text-books1 t ! mo/ intricate problems ( ?is sci5ce c be unfold$ to pupils ) su* effect t a *ild ( f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s ( age1 :o %all h pass$ ?r\gh a c\rse ( f\r or five ye>s' in/ruction1 w\ld put to ! blu%1 ) few exceptions1 alike ! memb]s ( bo? h\ses ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,congress & ( ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t4 ,a museum & a libr>y w\ld be necess>y adjuncts to su* a s*ool z we h describ$4 ,x w\ld ne$ b a few seasons to get toge!r 9 ! v>i\s excursions tak5 by pupils & tea*]s1 q a collection ( botanical1 entomological1 & geological specim5s4 ,^! w\ld s]ve z objects = illu/rat+ ! tea*]'s lessons1 & = exam9ation by ! pupils4 ,! dry+1 pres]vation1 & arrangem5t ( plants1 animals1 & m9]als1 9 :i* ! pupils w\ld assi/1 w\ld s]ve to imp>t to !m a skill & dext]ity1 :i* !y w\ld "k h[ to value1 & w\ld be eag] to acquire1 &1 toge!r ) _! frequ5t visits to ! museum1 w\ld s]ve to cultivate a love ( nature & devotion to ! /udy ( h] works4 ,! libr>y1 besides conta9+ treatises on sci5ce & = ref]5ce1 w\ld be fill$ ) books ( travels1 & ! nobl] ,engli% & =eign classics2 ! books w\ld be loan$ to ! pupils z 9 ord9>y circulat+ libr>ies1 & a pleasant read+-room w\ld be furni%$ ) ! bett] class ( p]iodicals & newspap]s4 ,to be depriv$ = a "t ( ! "r to visit ! museum or read+-room1 or to borr[ books f ! libr>y1 w\ld be "o ( ! sev]e/ puni%m5ts kn[n 9 ! s*ool4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say t ! selection ( ! pr9cipal ( su* a s*ool z we h indicat$ is among ! mo/ difficult problems ( its e/abli%m5t4 ,8 qualifications %\ld be z ne> ! p]fection ( manhood z c possibly be f\nd4 ,invit$ by a l>ge & g5]\s sal>y 7to be dep5d5t1 beyond a /at$ sum1 on ! numb] ( ! pupils71 x is to be hop$ su* a tea*] c\ld be f\nd4 ,su* a pr9cipal1 aft] a fix$ p]iod ( probation1 %\ld n be removable except on a v l>ge vote ( ! proprietors ( ! s*ool to t effect1 b 8 (fice %\ld be vacat$ on 8 atta9+ ! age ( #fj or #fe ye>s4 ,! selection ( tea*]s to assi/ him 9 8 duties %\ld be left to himself4 ,! remun]ation ( ! assi/ant tea*]s %\ld also be l>ge1 & %\ld be su* z n only to enable !m to live 9 com=t1 b to make ample provision = _! future :5 ! age ( labor %all h pass$4 ,! *ief position 9 society %\ld be assur$ to ! pr9cipal & 8 assi/ants by ! proprietors ( ! s*ool4 ,! visits ( ! =m] to ! h\ses ( ! latt] %\ld be reg>d$ z an honor1 ! greate/ respect & def]5ce %\ld be paid to !m1 & ! pupils %\ld be taught to look ^u !m ) love & respect next only to t !y pay _! p>5ts4 ,! be/ inve/m5t a p>5t c make ( 8 weal? is 9 ! prop] education ( 8 *ildr54 ,life is n m]ely to be born1 to gr[1 to eat1 to dr9k1 & brea!4 ,noise is n music4 ,life is su* z we take x & make x1 or r z x is tak5 hold ( & made = u by ^? to :om ! c>e ( our y\?ful days is intru/$4 ,let u endeavor to picture to ourselves ! be+ likely to be produc$ by a sy/em ( tea*+ & tra9+1 cont9u$ = successive g5]ations1 su* z we h indicat$ above4 ,let u imag9e ! full developm5t ( ! mo/ complex ( nature's organisms--a "p ( ! "o liv+ organism ( ! ,univ]se1 ! late/ product ( h] laboratory2 consid]$1 z a "p ( ! great ,cosmos1 ! mo/ p]fect1 yet b an integ] 9 ! :ole2 ! ultimate developm5t ( nature's *emi/ry1 yet =m+ an atom ( h] liv+ unity2 comb9+ & possess+ ! wide/ relation%ips1 ev5 embrac+ !re9 ! entire volume ( t nature ^: true relation%ips comprise all k1 truly ! noble/ /udy ( mank9d4 ,let u try & draw ! picture ( ! develop$ man6 ,robu/ & supple ( limb1 symmetrical ( %ape1 8 muscles swell+ b5ea? _! heal?y developm5t2 ) head erect1 consci\s ( 8 /r5g? & skill1 :i* he puts =? = ! protection ( ! weak1 & = ! purpose ( draw+ f nature h] b\nte\s /ores2 free f sickness or disease1 9 h>mony ) nature1 at peace ) 8 fell[-m51 possess+ a compet5t k ( nature's laws1 & guid+ 8 conduct to be 9 accord !re)1 sitt+ b5ea? 8 own v9e & fig-tree1 bless$ 9 all ! works ( 8 h&s1 & diffus+ bless+s & happ9ess ar\nd4 ,su* is ! picture ( ,,! ,,heal?y ,,m9d ,,9 ,a ,,heal?y ,,frame1 :i* x is 9 man's p[] to procreate & re>6 ,,app5dix4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,public ,,in/ruction1 ,,corn] ,,( ,,gr& ,,& ,,elm ,,/reets1 ,,new ,,york1 ,june #e?1 #ahfi4 ,,to ,,magnus ,,gross1 ,esq41 ,*airman ( ! ,executive ,committee = ! ,c>e1 ,gov]nm5t & ,managem5t ( ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york3 ,,de> ,,sir1--,i h obs]v$ ) surprise1 & ) a s5se ( deep regret1 t ! proposition is ent]ta9$ by a l>ge numb] ( ! ,tru/ees ( fill+ ! *air ( ,lat9 & ,greek1 n[ vacant1 & ev5 ( e/abli%+ sep>ate *airs = ea*1 at ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york2 involv+1 ) ! necess>y tutors1 an outlay ( n less ?an #bj1jjj p] annum4 ,! subject 9 all its be>+s is "o ( too va/ importance to be treat$ 9 ! ord9>y me?od ( discussion by ! ,committee1 & ,i !re=e beg leave to place my views 9 writ+1 to insure _! receiv+ m matur$ consid]ation ?an oral obs]vations c\ld secure4 ,i pass ov] ! "q 7on :i* consid]able diff]5ce ( op9ion exi/s7 z to ! propriety ( su/a9+ at all1 at ! en=c$ exp5se ( ! public1 an educational in/itution to supply ! ne$s :i* ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york is int5d$ to meet4 ,! ,college exi/s by law2 we are its gu>dians1 & ! only "q we h to consid] is1 h[ mo/ effici5tly & mo/ economically to secure ! atta9m5t ( ! ends desir$ by ! ,legislature4 ,^! ends we %all no d\bt all agree to be--fir/3 t any ( ! y\? ( ?is city possess$ ( special tal5ts1 b lack+ means = _! cultivation1 may h plac$ )9 _! rea* an education ! be/ possible = ! developm5t ( _! p[]s = ! b5efit ( !mselves & ( ! community2 &1 second1 to provide = ! comp>atively well-to-d ! means ( pursu+ useful /udies 9 comp5sation = compell+ !m to provide = ! in/ruction ( _! less =tunate citiz5s4 ,z x is self-evid5t t :atev] c\rse ( /udies w t5d to secure ! fir/ ( ^! ends w t5d also to secure ! second & less important1 we are sp>$ ! necessity ( a two-fold inve/igation4 ,a v few /ati/ics suffice to %[ t nei!r ( ^! ends has be5 hi!rto atta9$ by ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york4 ,x is immat]ial :at ye> we select = exam9ation1 ! numb]s :i* foll[ w be f\nd to be> ab\t ! same relative proportions 9 e ye>4 ,i quote f ! ,tru/ees' ,report = #ahff m]ely because x is ! late/ docum5t at h& :i* furni%es ! numb]s 9 ! diff]5t classes & ( ! graduates2 f ?is report ,i f9d1 t :ile !re 7 ?ree hundr$ & eighty-"o /ud5ts 9 ! introductory class1 only tw5ty-five graduat$ 9 t ye>4 ,! numb] ( graduates 9 #ahfg 0 ?irty1 & tw5ty-n9e 9 ,july1 #ahfh4 ,( ! ?ree hundr$ & eighty-"o :o compos$ ! introductory class 9 #ahff1 "o hundr$ & fifty-"o left ! ,college dur+ ! ye>1 & d\btless ! two hundr$ & ?irty :o rema9$ w h dw9dl$ to ab\t tw5ty-five or ?irty by ! ye> #ahga4 ,)\t d\bt "s proportion ( ! ?ree hundr$ & eighty-"o leave ! ,college because ( ! necessity !y are "u ( obta9+1 by _! labor1 ! means ( subsi/5ce2 b :5 x is rememb]$ t ^! ?ree hundr$ & eighty-"o are ! pick$ y\? f ! _m ?\s&s att5d+ ! public s*ools1 & :5 ! sacrifices & privations :i* m5 & y\? imbu$ ) a love ( le>n+ w make & und]go = ! acquirem5t ( k are borne 9 m9d1 we mu/ look to some?+ 9 ! con/itution ( ! ,college itself to acc\nt = ?is result4 ,9 %ort1 we c b come to ! conclusion t ! ma9 cause ( ?is fall+ (f is to be f\nd 9 ! feel+ :i* gr[s ^u ! pupils & _! gu>dians1 ( ! comp>ative uselessness ( ! /udies to :i* !y are consign$4 ,let u exam9e ! c\rse ( /udies1 z giv5 f pages #h to #ad ( ! ,report ( ! ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees = ! ye> #ahff1 or f pages #bd to #bh ( ! ,manual ( ! ,college4 ,! fir/ obs]vation :i* mu/ /rike ! m9d ( e ?9k] is ! fact t ! prim>y analysis--! ma9 classification :i* has be5 adopt$ ( /udies :i* ought to be fram$ to fit ! /ud5ts = complete liv+--is "o ( words1 i4 e41 ! tools ( k1 in/ead ( k itself4 ,or 9 ! words ( ! ,report3 ,!re are two c\rses ( /udies--anci5t & mod]n--diff]+ only 9 ! languages /udi$4 ,on exam9+ ! c\rse = ! introductory & fre%man classes1 a feel+ ( a/oni%m5t mu/ fill ! m9d at ! m>k$ want ( wisdom by :i* x 0 dictat$1 b :i* at ! same "t af=ds a suffici5t explanation = ! ab&onm5t ( ! ,college by its /ud5ts4 ,ev5 if words ought to be ! real object ( education1 x w\ld be suppos$ t ,engli% words w\ld be m useful to a p ^: "m-tongue is ,engli%1 ?an ! words ( any o!r language2 yet ! /ud5ts ( ! introductory & fre%man classes ( ! anci5t c\rse receive in/ruction five h\rs a week ?r\gh bo? t]ms 9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 & "o lesson p] week dur+ "o t]m 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,! /ud5ts ( ! mod]n c\rse sub/itute = ,lat9 & ,greek ! ,fr5* & ,spani% languages4 ,i purposely ab/a9 f say+ any ?+ z to ! me?od ( in/ruction1 :i* is ! conv]se ( t adopt$ by nature1 & z a consequ5ce signally fails4 ,?is has be5 s =cibly put by ,presid5t ,b>n>d1 ( ,columbia ,college1 t ,i ne$ only ref] ! memb]s ( our ,committee to 8 essay on ,e>ly ,m5tal ,tra9+1 & ! ,/udies be/ fitt$ = x4 ,:at /eps are tak5 to famili>ize ! /ud5ts (1 say ! fre%man class1 ) t great nature ( :i* !y =m a "p8 ,:at1 = in/ance1 d !y le>n ( ! /ructure ( _! own bodies1 & ( ! means ( pres]v+ heal?8 ,"o lesson a week is giv5 on ,physiology & ,hygi5e1 & t is all6 ,! fe> ( mak+ ?is lett] too long compels me m]ely to ref] ! ,committee to pages #dj to #db ( ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s *apt] on ,:at ,k is ( ,mo/ ,wor?1 9 8 "w on ,education1 9 f>!r illu/ration ( ?is subject1 in/ead ( mak+ extracts f x z ,i w\ld o!rwise l to d4 ,att5tion1 x is true1 is paid ?r\gh\t ! college c\rse to ma!matical /udies1 yet v little to _! practical application2 :ile to ,*emi/ry1 ! p>5t ( mod]n physics1 ! manual 7:i* is our guide7 prescribes two lessons p] week to ! introductory class1 & to ! fre%man1 sophomore1 & junior classes absolutely none at all6 ,m9+1 ,me*anical ,eng9e]+1 ,ar*itecture1 ,!oretical ,agriculture1 ,biology1 & ,botany are utt]ly ignor$2 & no bran* ( ,zoology is ev5 m5tion$ 9 ! curriculum4 ,we next come to a sci5ce m important1 because univ]sal 9 its application & 9 its ne$ ?an any o!r1 viz43 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,human ,well-be+1 commonly call$ ,political or ,social ,economy4 ,"h1 too1 l exclusion6 except t 9 ! sophomore class1 = "o t]m1 "o h\r p] week is giv5 to x4 ,t is to say1 a p :o are to live by labor are left by ! gu>dians ( _! education 9 ignorance ( ! laws by :i* ! rew>d = t labor mu/ be regulat$2 !y :o are to adm9i/] capital are to be left to bl9d *ance :e!r to act 9 accordance ) ^? laws ( nature :i* det]m9e its increase1 or ignorantly to violate !m6 ,re/ra9$ aga9 f quotation by ! fe> ( we>y+ ! ,committee1 p]mit me to ref] !m to ! lecture ( ,dr4 ,hodgson1 deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ,great ,brita91 on ,! ,importance ( ! ,/udy ( ,economic ,sci5ce1 :i* w be f\nd 9 ! "w ( ,pr(essor ,y\mans1 on ,! ,culture dem&$ by ,mod]n ,life4 ,i confess to a feel+ ( deep disc\ragem5t at ! p]usal ( su* a record z t pres5t$ by ! c\rse ( /udies at ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 especially :5 ,i f9d t ?is is ! /ate ( ?+s a l>ge numb] ( ! ,tru/ees seem desir\s ( p]petuat+4 ,my views on ?is subject are confirm$ by ! foll[+ rem>ks f\nd 9 ,presid5t ,b>n>d's ,essay on ,e>ly ,m5tal ,tra9+1 & ! ,/udies be/ fitt$ = x4 ,:atev] may be ! value ( ! /udy ( ! classics 9 a subjective po9t ( view1 no?+ c\ld possibly m ?or\ghly unfit a man = any imm$iate usefulness 9 ?is matt]-(-fact _w1 or make him m completely a /rang] 9 8 own home1 ?an ! purely classical education :i* us$ rec5tly to be giv51 & :i*1 ) "s slight improvem5t1 is believ$ to be /ill giv5 by ! univ]sities ( ,engl&4 ,?is proposition is v happily en=c$ by a ,briti% writ]1 ^: /rictures on ! sy/em appe>$ 9 ! ,london ,times "s twelve or ?irte5 ye>s ago4 ,common ?+s are q z mu* neglect$ & despis$ 9 ! education ( ! ri* z 9 t ( ! poor4 ,x is wond]ful h[ little a "y g5tleman may "k :5 he has tak5 8 univ]sity degrees1 especially if he has be5 indu/ri\s1 & has /uck to 8 /udies4 ,he may really sp5d a long "t 9 look+ = somebody m ignorant ?an himself4 ,if he talks ) ! driv] ( ! /age-coa* t l&s him at 8 fa!r's door1 he f9ds he kn[s no?+ ( horses4 ,if he falls into conv]sation ) a g>d5]1 he kn[s no?+ ( plants or fl[]s4 ,if he walks into ! fields1 he does n "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 b>ley1 rye1 & :eat2 betwe5 rape & turnips2 betwe5 natural & artificial grass4 ,if he goes into a c>p5t]'s y>d1 he does n "k "o wood f ano!r4 ,if he comes across an attorney1 he has no idea ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 common & /atute law1 & is :olly 9 ! d>k z to ^? securities ( p]sonal & political lib]ty on :i* we pride ourselves4 ,if he talks ) a c\ntry magi/rate1 he f9ds 8 only idea ( ! (fice is t ! g5tleman is a sort ( ,engli% ,%eik1 z ! ,mayor ( ! neighbor+ bor\gh is a sort ( ,cadi4 ,if he /rolls into any work%op or place ( manufacture1 x is always to f9d 8 level1 & t a level f> bel[ ! pres5t company4 ,if he d9es out1 & z a y\? ( prov$ tal5ts & p]haps univ]sity honors is expect$ to be lit]>y1 8 lit]ature is conf9$ to a few popul> novels--! novels ( ! la/ c5tury1 or ev5 ( ! la/ g5]ation--hi/ory & poetry hav+ be5 almo/ /udi\sly omitt$ 9 8 education4 ,! girl :o has nev] /irr$ f home1 & ^: education has be5 economiz$1 n to say neglect$1 9 ord] to s5d h] own bro!r to college1 kn[s va/ly m ( ^? ?+s ?an he does4 ,! same exposure awaits him :]ev] he goes1 & :5ev] he has ! audacity to op5 8 m\?4 ,at sea he is a l&lubb]2 9 ! c\ntry a cockney2 9 t[n a gre5horn2 9 sci5ce an ignoramus2 9 bus9ess a simpleton2 9 pleasure a milksop--ev]y:]e out ( 8 elem5t1 ev]y:]e at sea1 9 ! cl\ds1 adrift1 or by :atev] ^w utt] ignorance & incapacity are to be describ$4 ,9 society & 9 ! "w ( life1 he f9ds himself beat5 by ! y\? :om at college he despis$ z frivol\s or abhorr$ z pr(ligate4 ,take ! prep>ation ( our y\? = _! duties z citiz5s4 ,"h1 aga91 a k ( political & social economy is indisp5sable4 ,we h se5 ! att5tion x receives2 & :ile two lessons a week = "o h\r1 & t only to ! s5ior class 9 its la/ t]m1 are giv5 to ,am]ican citiz5s on ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & on ,int]national ,law1 none :atev] is giv5 on ! sci5ce ( ,gov]nm5t ?r\gh\t ! entire c\rse ( five ye>s6 ,i might g ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( /udies ) simil> results4 ,"h & !re1 9 ?is or t class1 a small am\nt ( att5tion is giv5 to "s ( ! sci5ces omitt$ 9 ! o!r classes2 b ! entire record is "o ( ! mo/ di%e>t5+ "*4 ,words6 words6 engross almo/ exclusively ! att5tion ( ! /ud5ts f ! h\r !y ent] ! ,college until !y leave x2 & x is n to ! five-&-tw5ty graduates ! palm ( useful indu/ry %\ld be aw>d$1 b to ! _m :o1 9 disc\ragem5t1 ab&on a c\rse :i* t5ds to unfit !m = ! great battle ( life6 ,:at1 !n1 are ! reasons g5]ally assign$ = ?is p]v]se conv5tionalism ( devot+ ! "t ( y\? to ! acquirem5t ( dead words1 to ! unavoidable exclusion ( ne>ly e ?+ t is ( value8 ,fir/1 we are told t we c n und]/& ! ,engli% language )\t a k ( ,lat91 f :i* x is d]iv$4 ,! inaccuracy ( ?is pret5sion is at once made manife/ by ref]5ce to ,web/]1 :]e he /ates3 ,t ,engli% is compos$ (-- ,fir/4 ,saxon & ,dani% words ( ,teutonic & ,go?ic orig94 ,second4 ,briti% or ,wel%1 ,corni% & ,amoric1 :i* may be consid]$ z ( ,celtic orig94 ,?ird4 ,norman1 a mixture ( ,fr5* & ,go?ic4 ,f\r?4 ,lat91 a language =m$ on ! ,celtic & ,teutonic4 ,fif?4 ,fr5*1 *iefly ,lat9 corrupt$1 b ) a mixture ( ,celtic4 ,six?4 ,greek =m$ on ! ,celtic & ,teutonic1 ) "s ,coptic4 ,sev5?4 ,a few words directly f ! ,italian1 ,spani%1 ,g]man1 & o!r languages ( ! ,cont95t4 ,eigh?4 ,a few =eign words1 introduc$ by comm]ce1 or by political & lit]>y int]c\rse4 ,( ^!1 ! ,saxon words con/itute our "m-tongue1 be+ words :i* our ance/ors br\ght ) !m f ,asia4 ,! ,dani% & ,wel% also are primitive words1 & may be consid]$ z a "p ( our v]nacul> language4 ,!y are ( equal antiquity ) ! ,*aldee & ,syriac4 ,b ev5 7 x true t our language 0 d]iv$ f ! ,lat91 :]e9 lies ! difficulty 9 ! way ( ! tea*] expla9+ to 8 pupils ! mean+s ( ! p>ts ( ,engli% words :i* are ( ,lat9 orig91 )\t ! necessity ( ! pupil's acquir+ ! same k by ! r\ndab\t process ( le>n+ "o ?\s& words he w nev] ne$1 = "o t may at "s "t be to him ( "s s]vice z a mnemonic8 ,driv5 f ?is position1 ! advocates ( classical /udies tell u t ! /udy ( ,lat9 & ,greek s]ves z a tra9+ = ! intellect4 ,unque/ionably ! ex]cise ( ! faculties ( ! m9d s]ves to develop ! faculties s ex]cis$2 yet if ?is 7 ! object to be atta9$1 ,hebrew1 nay1 ,*9ese1 w\ld be pref]able to ,lat92 b ,,sci5ce develops ! same faculties1 & f> m effici5tly4 ,! facts ( sci5ce to be /or$ up 9 ! m9d are s inf9ite 9 numb] & magnitude t no man1 h[ev] gift$1 c\ld ev] hope to ma/] !m all1 ?\gh he 7 to live a ?\s& ye>s4 ,b _! arrangem5t 9 sci5tific ord] n only develops ! analytical p[]s ( ! m9d1 b ex]cises ! memory 9 a me?od inf9itely m useful & p[]ful ?an ! /udy ( any language4 ,f9ally we are told classical /udies develop ! ta/e4 ,if !n to ?is ! advocates ( su* /udies are driv51 its m]e ann\ncem5t mu/ suffice to bani% ,lat9 & ,greek f all s*ools support$ by taxation2 = h[ev] ess5tial x may be to provide ! means ( ! be/ possible in/ruction1 x is z absolutely out ( ! sph]e ( ! ,tru/ees ( ,public ,moneys to provide1 at ! public exp5se1 s m]e a luxury z on ?is hypo!sis ,lat9 & ,greek mu/ be1 z x w\ld be to provide ! public ) co/ly jewels6 ,b ev5 = ! cultivation & developm5t ( art & ta/e1 ,,sci5ce is ! true curriculum6 ,he :o is ignorant ( anatomy c n appreciate ei!r sculpture or pa9t+6 ,a k ( optics1 ( botany & ( natural hi/ory1 are necess>y1 equally to ! arti/ or to ! connoisseur2 a k ( ac\/ics to ! musician & musical critic4 ,no arti/1 says ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 c produce a heal?ful "w ( :atev] k9d )\t he und]/&s ! laws ( ! ph5om5a he repres5ts2 he mu/ also und]/& h[ ! m9ds ( ! spectator or li/5] w be affect$ by 8 "w--a "q ( psy*ology4 ,! spectator or li/5] mu/ equally be acqua9t$ ) ! laws ( su* ph5om5a1 or he fails to atta9 to ! highe/ appreciation4 ,i n[ come to ! la/ & mo/ s]i\s aspect ( ?is "q1 & ,i fe>lessly ass]t t classical /udies h a mo/ p]nici\s influ5ce ^u ! morals & "* ( _! vot>ies4 ,x %\ld n be =gott5 t ,greeks & ,romans alike liv$ by slav]y 7:i* is robb]y71 by rap9e1 & by plund]2 yet we1 born into a ,*ri/ian community :i* lives by hone/ labor1 propose to impregnate ! impressionable m9ds ( y\? ) ! morals & lit]ature ( nations ( robb]s6 ,?is lett] has already ext5d$ to s great a l5g? t ,i am compell$ to ab/a9 f mak+ extracts f ! works ( ! greate/ ?9k]s1 :i* ,i _h desir$3 & ,i c n[ b cite !m 9 support1 m or less pron\nc$1 ( ! views above put =w>d1 viz43 ,presid5t ,b>n>d1 ( ,columbia ,college1 :o ) r>e hone/y & boldness has spok5 l\dly aga9/ ! conv5tional folly ( classical /udies2 ,pr(essor ,newman1 himself ,pr(essor ( ,lat9 at ! ,univ]sity ( ,london1 ,engl&2 ,pr(essors ,t9dall1 ,h5fry1 ,huxley1 ,=bes1 ,pajet1 ,:ewell1 ,f>aday1 ,liebig1 ,drap]1 ,de ,morgan1 ,l9dley1 ,y\mans1 ,drs4 ,hodgson1 ,c>p5t]1 ,hook]1 ,acl&1 ,sir ,john ,h]s*ell1 ,sir ,*>les ,lyell1 ,dr4 ,segu91 &1 ris+ above !m all 9 educational sci5ce1 ,ba/iat & ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,to a modifi$ ext5t1 ! "n ( ,mr4 ,john ,/u>t ,mill may be quot$--= he l\dly advocates sci5ce = all--sci5ce1 :i* is unavoidably exclud$ by ! introduction (1 or at lea/ ! prom95ce giv5 to1 ,lat9 & ,greek 9 our ,college4 ,mr4 ,mill1 x is true also1 advocates classical /udies1 b = c]ta9 special classes :i* exi/ 9 ,engl& :o h no regul> occupations 9 life4 ,nei!r is x )\t importance z a guide to ourselves to obs]ve t 9 ! v be/ s*ool 9 ?is c\ntry--a s*ool p]haps n surpass$ by any 9 ! _w1 viz41 ! ,milit>y ,academy at ,we/ ,po9t--nei!r ,lat9 nor ,greek /udies are p]mitt$4 ,if n[1 9 any c>e] :atev]1 any use c\ld be f\nd = ,lat91 x mu/ be 9 t ( ! pr(essional soldi]1 to :om1 if to any "o1 ! language & lit]ature ( ! mo/ milit>y p ! _w has ev] se51 %\ld be ( "s s]vice4 ,b no6 ! wise m5 :o fram$ ! curriculum ( ,we/ ,po9t1 ?\gh !y knew t ! /udy ( ! campaigns ( ! ,romans w\ld be s]viceable to _! /ud5ts1 provid$ = _! /udy1 n by ! r\ndab\t me?od ( fir/ le>n+ a language :i* c\ld nev] be ( any o!r use1 b by ! direct me?od ( ! /udy ( ^? campaigns6 ,are ! pupils ( ,we/ ,po9t g5]ally f\nd defici5t 9 intellect8 ,is n1 on ! contr>y1 ! fact ( hav+ graduat$ at t s*ool a passport to ! highe/ sci5tific & practical employm5t8 ,our duty to ! p is cle>2 let u nei!r wa/e ! preci\s "t ( our y\? on worse ?an useless /udies1 nor ! money ( ! citiz5s on worse ?an useless exp5diture4 ,i d e>ne/ly hope t our ,committee w give to my obs]vations _! mo/ s]i\s delib]ation4 ,let u come to no ha/y conclusion on ?is subject3 accu/om$ z we h be5 to he> con/antly repeat$ su* conv5tional phrases z t ,lat9 & ,greek are ess5tial to ! education ( a g5tleman2 t classical /udies are indisp5sable to a lib]al education2 to he> applaud$ to ! e*o orators :o h introduc$ into _! spee*es quotations ( bad ,lat9 or worse ,greek by audi5ces ( :om n "o 9 "o ?\s& und]/& :at 0 said4 ,we h be5 apt to receive su* phrases z embody+ tru?s1 )\t ev] exam9+ _! f\ndations4 ,i respectfully urge ! ,committee to consid] well be=e !y act1 to /udy ! reasons assign$ by ! great ?9k]s ,i h nam$ = condemn+1 z1 humbly foll[+ 9 _! wake1 ,i v5ture to condemn1 z worse ?an m]e wa/e ( "t1 ! ye>s devot$ to ,lat9 & ,greek /udies4 ,let u endeavor to make ! ,college ( ?is city wor?y ( ! city & ( ! /ate2 let u ca/ aside ! trammels ( m$ival ignorance1 & supply to ! pupils ( ! ,college ! culture dem&$ by mod]n life4 ,let u 9 ?is1 ! fir/ important matt] :i* has come be=e our ,committee1 act 9 h>mony & )\t prejudice1 = ! welf>e ( ! ,college & = ! advancem5t ( le>n+1 & s prove ourselves wor?y ( ! sacr$ tru/ we h assum$4 ,i am1 de> sir1 v truly y\rs1 ,,na?aniel ,,s&s1 ,memb] ( ,! ,executive ,committee = ! ,c>e1 ,gov]nm5t1 & ,managem5t ( ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york4 ,! ,philosophy ( ,tea*+4 ,,! ,,tea*]1 ,,! ,,pupil1 ,,! ,,s*ool4 ,,by ,,na?aniel ,,s&s4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #a #jj4 ,an int]e/+ & valuable "w1 9 :i* ! sci5ce ( tea*+ is treat$ 9 a philosophical & practical mann]1 & a sket* is giv5 ( a s*ool to be e/abli%$ on ! pr9ciples develop$ 9 8 pages4 ,mr4 ,s&s takes ! view t education1 m5tal & physical1 is b ! absorption ( surr\nd+ elem5ts into ! m9d & body--an arrangem5t & assimilation ( mat]ials s z to incorporate !m into ! be+ to ^: n\ri%m5t !y are appli$1 j z ! tree or plant assimilates to its gr[? & subsi/5ce ! mat]ials :i* x draws f ! air & ! soil2 & 8 !ory ( tea*+ is bas$ on ^! tru?s4--,n4 ,y4 ,times4 ,he advocates a radical *ange 9 ! sy/em ( tea*+ y\?4 ,he proposes a s*ool :]e pupils %all be taught by illu/rations f nature z well z f books2 :]e ! museum1 *emical laboratory1 & work%op %all f9d a place2 :]e1 9 %ort1 ! m9d ( ! le>n] %all n be =c$1 b %all h j ! k9d ( food suitable = its age & developm5t4--,n4 ,y4 ,_w4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 ^u education--mu* t is bo? wise & ?\ghtful1 & mu* t has be5 b s\nd4 ,among ! mo/ ?\ghtful & sugge/ive rec5t writ+s is an unpret5ti\s "w be>+ ! title ( ,! ,tea*]1 ! ,pupil1 ! ,s*ool1 by ,mr4 ,na?aniel ,s&s4 ,small z x is1 x conta9s m ideas ?an _m bulky volumes4--,n4 ,y4 ,tribune4 ,! "q ) :i* he ma9ly conc]ns himself is :e!r ,lat9 & ,greek1 & c]ta9 o!r bran*es1 %all be taught to ! exclusion ( m practical /udies4 ,he ?9ks t :at is commonly kn[n z ! culture dem&$ by mod]n life--*emi/ry1 m9+1 anatomy1 natural hi/ory1 political & social economy1 ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t1 etc4--%\ld take ! place n[ usurp$ by classical /udies4 ,mr4 ,s&s believes 9 mak+ no compromise betwe5 ! useful sci5ces & ! classics4 ,he condemns z worse ?an m]e wa/e ( "t ! ye>s devot$ to ,greek & ,lat91 & w\ld b> !m out altoge!r4--,j\rnal ( ,comm]ce4 ,mr4 ,s&s1 :o has j be5 appo9t$ "o ( ! new ,bo>d ( ,education1 has long be5 kn[n z an advanc$ ?9k] on ! subject he is n[ call$ ^u to deal )4 ,he has publi%$ a pamphlet on ! ,philosophy ( ,education4--,n4 ,y4 ,sun4 ,we h 9 ?is compact & unpret5ti\s treatise a great deal ( pi? & acum51 br\ght to be> ^u a mo/ important subject--t ( educational fir/ pr9ciples4 ,mr4 ,s&s has gone to ! base ( human tea*+1 disc>d+ pret5ti\s !mes1 9 ord] to illu/rate ! simpl] beauty ( t eductive & inductive co-relation%ip :i*1 beg9n+ at ! "m's brea/1 proce$s ?r\gh all ! quiet processes ( m5tal developm5t 9 infancy1 *ildhood1 & maturity4--,n4 ,y4 ,dispat*4 ,8 h9ts may well arre/ ! att5tion ( ?\ghtful m54--,n4 ,y4 ,tribune4 ,we comm5d x to ! ?\ghtful consid]ation ( all1 b especially ( our public m54 99 99 99 ,commission]s ( ,s*ools & o!rs *>g$ ) y\?ful tra9+ may advantage\sly consid] ! reflections4--,n4 ,y4 ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,publi%]s1 ,,frankl9 ,,squ>e1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs w s5d ! above "w by mail1 po/age prepaid1 to any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on receipt ( #a #jj4 ,,works ,,on ,,education ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs w s5d any ( ! foll[+ books by mail1 po/age prepaid1 to any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on receipt ( ! price4 ,,h>p]',s ,,catalogue & ,,trade-,,li/ w be s5t by mail on receipt ( ,five ,c5ts1 or !y may be obta9$ gratuit\sly on application to ! ,publi%]s p]sonally4 ,,r&all',s ,,popul> ,,education4 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples ( ,popul> ,education & ,public ,in/ruction4 ,by ,s4 ,s4 ,,r&all1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,s*ools ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ej4 ,,s&s',s ,,philosophy ,,( ,,tea*+4 ,! ,tea*]1 ! ,pupil1 ! ,s*ool4 ,by ,,na?aniel ,,s&s4 #hvo1 ,clo?4 ,,burton',s ,,obs]v+ ,,faculties4 ,! ,culture ( ! ,obs]v+ ,faculties 9 ! ,family & ! ,s*ool2 or1 ,?+s ab\t ,home1 & h[ to make !m ,in/ructive to ! ,"y4 ,by ,,w>r5 ,,burton1 ,au?or ( ,! ,di/rict ,s*ool z x 01 ,helps to ,education1 c4 #afmo1 ,clo?1 #ge c5ts4 ,,calk9s',s ,,prim>y ,,object ,,lessons4 ,prim>y ,object ,lessons = a ,graduat$ ,c\rse ( ,developm5t4 ,a ,manual = ,tea*]s & ,p>5ts1 ) ,lessons = ! ,prop] ,tra9+ ( ! ,faculties ( ! ,*ildr54 ,by ,n4 ,a4 ,,calk9s4 ,illu/rations4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ej4 ,,willson',s ,,object ,,lessons ,a ,manual ( ,in=mation & ,sugge/ions = ,object ,lessons1 9 a ,c\rse ( ,elem5t>y ,in/ruction4 ,adapt$ to ! ,use ( ! ,s*ool & ,family ,*>ts1 & o!r ,aids 9 ,tea*+4 ,by ,,m>cius ,,willson4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ej4 ,,abbott',s ,,tea*]4 ,moral ,influ5ces ,employ$ 9 ! ,in/ruction & ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,"y4 ,by ,,jacob ,,abbott4 ,) ,engrav+s4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ge4 ,,boes',s ,,education ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,public ,education 9 ! ,city ( ,new ,york3 its ,hi/ory1 ,condition1 & ,/ati/ics4 ,an ,(ficial ,report to ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,by ,,?omas ,,boes1 ,cl]k ( ! ,bo>d4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #a #ej4 ,,bee*]',s ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,*ildr54 ,! ,religi\s ,tra9+ ( ,*ildr5 9 ! ,family1 ! ,s*ool1 & ! ,*ur*4 ,by ,,ca?>9e ,e4 ,,bee*]4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ge4 ,,edgewor?',s ,,practical ,,education4 ,a ,treatise on ,practical ,education4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,,lovell ,,edgewor? & ,,m>ia ,,edgewor?4 ,engrav+s4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ej4 ,,sir ,,william ,,hamilton',s ,,essays4 ,discussions on ,philosophy & ,lit]ature1 ,education & ,univ]sity ,re=m4 ,*iefly f ! ,ed9burgh ,review4 ,correct$1 ,v9dicat$1 & ,enl>g$1 9 ,notes & ,app5dices4 ,by ,sir ,,william ,,hamilton1 ,b>t4 ,) an ,introductory ,essay1 by ,rev4 ,,rob]t ,,turnbull1 ,d4,d4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #c #jj4 ,,dr4 ,,ol9',s ,,college ,,addresses4 ,college ,life3 its ,!ory & ,practice4 ,by ,rev4 ,,/eph5 ,,ol91 ,d4,d41 ,l4,l4,d41 late ,presid5t ( ! ,wesleyan ,univ]sity4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ej4 ,,pott] ,,em]son',s ,,manual4 ,! ,s*ool & ! ,s*oolma/]4 ,a ,manual = ! ,use ( ,tea*]s1 ,employ]s1 ,tru/ees1 ,inspectors1 c41 c4 ,9 ,two ,p>ts4 ,"p ,i4 ,by ,rt4 ,rev4 ,,alonzo ,,pott]1 ,d4,d4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,by ,,george ,b4 ,,em]son1 ,a4,m41 ( ,massa*usetts4 ,"p ,i4 ,! ,s*ool2 its ,objects1 ,relations1 & ,uses4 ,) a ,sket* ( ! ,education mo/ ne$$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! pres5t ,/ate ( ,common ,s*ools1 ! be/ ,means ( ,improv+ !m1 & ! consequ5t ,duties ( ,p>5ts1 ,tru/ees1 ,inspectors1 c4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,! prop] ,"*1 ,/udies1 & ,duties ( ! ,tea*]1 ) ! be/ ,me?ods = ! ,gov]nm5t & ,in/ruction = ! ,common ,s*ools1 & ! ,pr9ciples on :i* ,s*ool-,h\ses %\ld be ,built1 ,arrang$1 ,w>m$1 & ,v5tilat$4 ,engrav+s4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ej4 ,,ev]ett ,,on ,,practical ,,education4 ,importance ( ,practical ,education & ,useful ,k3 be+ a ,selection f ! ,orations & ,disc\rses ( ,,edw>d ,,ev]ett1 ,presid5t ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ej4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,passages 9 italics are indicat$ by und]score4 ,additional spac+ aft] block quotes is int5tional to indicate bo? ! end ( a quotation & ! beg9n+ ( a new p>agraph z pres5t$ 9 ! orig9al text4