,crayon ,portraiture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,free-,,h& ,,crayon ,,made ,,on ,,/e9ba* ,,crayon ,,pap]--,,/ipple ,,effect ,,9 ,,face1 ,,brok5 ,,l9e ,,effect ,,9 ,,backgr\nd4 ,,by ,j4 ,a4 ,,b>hydt4 ,,crayon ,,portraiture ,,complete ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,mak+ ,,crayon ,,portraits ,,on ,,crayon ,,pap] ,,& ,,on ,,plat9um1 ,,silv] ,,& ,,bromide ,,enl>gem5ts ,,also ,,directions ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,transp>5t ,,liquid ,,wat] ,,colors ,,& ,,= ,,mak+ ,,fr5* ,,cry/als ,,by ,j4 ,a4 ,,b>hydt ,,au?or ,,( ,,article ,,on ,,crayon ,,portraiture ,,9 ,appleton's ,annual ,cyclop$ia1 #ahij4 ,illu/rat$ ,revis$ & ,enl>g$ ,edition ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,bak] ,,taylor ,,co4 #cc-cg ,e4 #ag,,? ,,/reet1 ,,union ,,squ>e ,,nor? ,,copyright1 #ahhf ,,& #ahib ,,by ,j4 ,a4 ,,b>hydt ,,rob]t ,,drummond1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,new ,,york ,,preface4 ,9 issu+ ?is second treatise on ,crayon ,portraiture1 ,liquid ,wat] ,colors & ,fr5* ,cry/als1 = ! use ( photograph]s & amateur arti/s1 ,i d s ) ! hope & assurance t all ! requirem5ts 9 ! way ( in/ruction = mak+ crayon portraits on photographic enl>gem5ts & = f9i%+ photographs 9 color w be fully met4 ,to ^! ,i h add$ complete in/ructions = free-h& crayons4 ,?is book embodies ! results ( a /udio exp]i5ce ( tw5ty-f\r ye>s sp5t 9 practical "w1 9 tea*+1 & 9 ov]com+ ! ev]yday difficulties enc\nt]$1 n alone 9 my own "w1 b 9 t ( my pupils z well4 ,h5ce ! book has be5 prep>$ ) special ref]5ce to ! ne$s ( ! /ud5t4 ,x pres5ts a brief c\rse ( precepts1 & requires on ! "p ( ! pupil only p]sev]ance 9 ord] t he may a*ieve excell5ce4 ,! me*anical pr9ciples are few1 & h be5 laid d[n 9 a few words2 &1 z ne>ly all /ud5ts h felt1 9 ! e>li] p]iod ( _! art "w1 ! necessity ( "s g5]al rules to guide !m 9 ! composition & arrangem5t ( color1 ,i h giv51 )\t ent]+ into any pr(\nd discussion ( ! subject1 a few ( its practical precepts1 :i*1 x is hop$1 w prove helpful4 ,:ile ?is book does n treat ( art 9 a v broad way1 yet ,i am conv9c$ t ^? :o foll[ its tea*+s w1 ?r\gh ! "w !y accompli%1 be soon l$ to a high] appreciation ( art4 ,al?\gh ?is k9d ( "w does n create1 yet :o w say t x w n h accompli%$ mu* if x %all prove to be ! fir/ /ep t %all lead "s /ud5t to devote 8 or h] life to ! sacr$ call+ ( art8 ,x has be5 said t arti/s r>ely1 if ev]1 write on art1 because !y h ! impression t ! public is too ill-in=m$ to und]/& !m--t is1 to und]/& _! ord9>ily some:at te*nical me?od ( expression4 ,if1 !re=e1 9 ! foll[+ pages ,i may sometimes seem to take m space & "t = an explanation ?an appe>s necess>y1 ,i hope ! /ud5t w ov]look x1 z ,i seek to be ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,my hope ) ref]5ce to ?is "w is t x may prove ( actual value to ! e>ne/ /ud5t 9 help+ him rea* ! excell5ce :i* is ! common aim ( all true arti/s4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,b>hydt4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,preface ix ,crayon ,portraiture #ae ,photographic ,enl>gem5ts #ai ,crayon ,mat]ials #bb ,! ,specific ,use ( ,crayon ,mat]ials #be ,! ,/ra9] #cj ,m\nt+ ,crayon ,pap] & ,plat9um & ,silv] ,enl>gem5ts #cb ,m\nt+ ,bromide ,enl>gem5ts #cg ,outl9es--,negative ,outl9e #ci ,magic ,lant]n ,outl9e #db ,transf] ,outl9e #df ,! ,metroscope #dg ,! ,pantograph #di ,crayon ,effects--,! ,f\r ,me?ods ( mak+ ,backgr\nds #ea ,free-h& ,crayons & ^? made f ,photographic ,enl>gem5ts #ec ,fill+ 9 ! ,free-h& ,crayon #ee ,l9e ,effect #eg ,/ipple ,effect #ei ,backgr\nds--,g5]al ,pr9ciples #fb ,fir/ ,me?od ( mak+ ! ,backgr\nd--,/ump ,effect #fe ,second ,me?od ( mak+ ! ,backgr\nd #ff ,?ird ,me?od ( mak+ ! ,backgr\nd--,l9e ,effect #fg ,f\r? ,me?od ( mak+ ! ,backgr\nd--,/ipple ,effect #gj ,face--,l9e ,effect #gb ,dress--,l9e ,effect #gf ,bromide ,crayons #gh ,f9i%+ ,bromide ,enl>gem5ts #hb ,mono*romes #hh ,values #hi ,! ,/udio #ic ,fram+ #ie ,passep>t\t ,m\nt+ #ig ,,transp>5t ,,liquid ,,wat] ,,colors ,,= ,,color+ ,,photographs4--,,mat]ials ,,requir$ ,,9 ,,_! ,,use #aja ,!ory ( ,color #ajc ,colors #ajf ,yell[ #ajf ,blue #ajg ,rose #ajh ,violet #aji ,mag5ta #aji ,fle% #aaj ,br[n #aaj ,black #aaa ,gold #aaa ,in/ructions = us+ ,liquid ,wat] ,colors #aab ,drap]y #aad ,l&scape #aaf ,! ,pr9ciple #aag ,,fr5* ,,cry/als #abc ,mat]ials #abd ,! ,me?od #abe ,m\nt+ ,fr5* ,cry/als #abf ,f9i%+ ,photographs 9 ,india ,ink #abh ,conclusion #acj ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,page4 ,free-h& ,crayon made on ,/e9ba* ,crayon ,pap] ) a ,magic ,lant]n ,outl9e1 %[+ ,/ipple ,effect 9 ,face & ,drap]y & ,brok5 ,l9e ,effect 9 ,backgr\nd ,frontispiece ,negative ,outl9e--,d>k ,*amb] #dj ,mc,allister's ,magic ,lant]n1 ,no #fec1 ) ,wond] ,cam]a ,atta*m5t #db ,magic ,lant]n ,outl9e #dc ,l9es to produce ,/ipple ,effect #fj ,backgr\nd--,l9e ,effect #fg ,l9e ,effect = ,face #gb ,l9e ,effect = ,dress #gf ,crayon execut$ ov] ,bromide ,enl>gem5t made f ,orig9al ,negative1 %[+ ,/ipple ,effect ?r\gh\t #hj ,illu/ration ,,crayon ,,portraiture4 ,to _m :o "k no?+ ab\t ! art ( crayon portraiture1 ! ma/]y ( x n only seems v difficult1 b almo/ unatta9able4 ,9 fact1 any "w ( art ( :atev] description1 :i* 9 its execution is beyond ! k or compreh5sion ( ! spectator1 is to him a ?+ ( almo/ sup]natural "*4 ,( c\rse1 ?is is m decid$ :5 ! subject portray$ c>ries our ?\ghts beyond ! realms ( visible ?+s4 ,b ! mak+ ( crayon portraits is n )9 ! rea* alone ( ! tra9$ arti/ :o foll[s x z a pr(ession4 ,i claim t any "o :o c le>n to write c le>n to draw1 & t any "o :o c le>n to draw c le>n to make crayon portraits4 ,mak+ !m ov] a photograph1 t is1 an enl>gem5t1 is a comp>atively simple matt]1 z x does n require z mu* k ( draw+ z d free-h& crayons4 ,b y mu/ n suppose t1 because ! photographic enl>gem5t gives y ! draw+ 9 l9e & an indi/9ct impression ( ! =m 9 light & %ade1 y are n requir$ to draw at all 9 mak+ a crayon portrait ov] su* an enl>gem5t4 ,"s k ( draw+ is necess>y1 ?\gh n a p]fect k4 ,_m p err 9 suppos+ t only ! exceptionally skill$ c produce ! human features 9 life-l =m ^u ! crayon pap]4 ,:ile recogniz+ great diff]5ces 9 natural aptitude = draw+ 9 diff]5t p]sons1 j z ^? :o use ! p5 diff] widely 9 _! skill1 "s be+ able to write ) almo/ me*anical p]fection ( =m1 ,i /ill hold t any "o :o is able to draw at all c succe$ 9 produc+ cr$itable crayon portraits2 & ! lack ( great skill z a draughtsman1 %\ld nei!r disc\rage a /ud5t nor deb> him f und]tak+ to make crayon portraits 7ov] enl>gem5ts1 at lea/71 ei!r z an amateur or pr(essional4 ,to make a crayon f life und\btably requires consid]able tal5t & "s education z an arti/2 b photography1 9 rec5t times1 has made su* advances f ! old fa%ion$ dagu]reotype to ! dry plate process & in/antane\s exposure1 & su* developm5ts h rec5tly be5 made 9 ! field ( enl>gem5ts & 9 photographic pap]s1 t x is n[ possible = anyone1 :o w c>efully foll[ ! pla9 in/ructions giv5 9 ! foll[+ pages1 to make a good crayon portrait by ! aid ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( enl>gem5ts4 ,^! place 9 8 h&s a p]fect reproduction ( :at he wi%es to make2 & c>e & close att5tion to details w insure ! re/4 ,! /ud5t1 h[ev]1 mu/ h c\rage4 ,i tell my pupils n to be afraid to "w freely2 t if !y spoil _! "w beyond _! ability to r$eem x1 ,i c always fix x up & re/ore x = !m2 & t !y %\ld g ahead confid5tly4 ,! read] may say t he has no tea*] to help him out ( 8 difficulty2 b he mu/ rememb] t he has ! photographic enl>gem5t z a sure guide1 & t :5ev] he fe>s he is los+ ! outl9e1 he c see at once :at he is do+1 by hold+ ! enl>gem5t aga9/ ! light ) its back t[>ds him4 ,my exp]i5ce z a tea*] has %[n me t pupils1 z a rule1 are timid1 especially t class :i* works mo/ly on enl>gem5ts1 result+ f ! fe> ( los+ ! outl9e & f lack ( a ?or\gh k ( draw+4 ,i especially urge ! necessity = boldness & fre$om 9 execution4 ,z an exp]t 9 *irography c read "* 9 h&writ+1 s ! arti/'s public w judge him f 8 "w4 ,if he is1 9 fact1 weak & timid1 ^! traits w f9d expression 9 :at he puts on pap]4 ,let c\rage1 !n1 be an important "p ( y\r equipm5t1 if y w\ld succe$ 9 do+ good crayon "w4 ,,photographic ,,enl>gem5ts4 ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( photographic enl>gem5ts us$ z a basis = crayon portraits1 &1 ) a little exp]i5ce1 ! /ud5t c det]m9e = himself :i* k9d w prove ! mo/ satisfactory4 ,free-h& crayons are made on ,/e9ba* & o!r crayon pap]s1 )\t any photograph z a basis4 ,silv] enl>gem5ts are made on pap] coat$ ) a solution ( *loride ( silv]1 :i* ! action ( ! light r$uces to salts ( silv]4 ,?is is ! olde/ =m ( photography1 & has be5 us$ s9ce its introduction by ,s*eele 9 #aggh4 ,silv] enl>gem5ts are made by ! aid ( ! sun 7& are !n call$ sol> enl>gem5ts7 or !y c be made ) ! electric light4 ,plat9um enl>gem5ts are a rec5t advance 9 photographic pr9t+ ) iron salts1 ! process :i* has be5 work$ out & pat5t$ by ,w4 ,willis1 ,jr41 be+ a developm5t ( su* pr9t+4 ,its pr9ciple is t a solution ( f]r\s oxalate 9 neutral potassium oxalate is effective z a develop]4 ,a pap] is coat$ ) a solution ( f]ric oxalate & plat9um salts & !n expos$ beh9d a negative4 ,x is !n float$ 9 a hot solution ( neutral potassium oxalate1 :5 ! image is =m$4 ,?is process 0 fir/ introduc$ by ,mr4 ,willis 9 #ahgd1 & he has s9ce made improvem5ts4 ,he claims t ! plat9otype pap] does n conta9 any animal siz+4 ,! e>ly exp]im5ts conv9c$ him t ! pap] ^u :i* ! image 0 to be pr9t$ w\ld prove an important factor1 z all photographic pap] conta9$ animal siz+1 :i* 0 f\nd to be antagoni/ic to plat9um salts4 ,! action ( plat9um salts ^u a pap] conta9+ animal siz+ gave x a t9t :i* no am\nt ( acid wa%+ c\ld remove4 ,= ! pa/ n9e ye>s ,mr4 ,willis has _h manufactur$ = 8 special use a ,/e9ba* pap]1 free f ! animal siz+1 & he also uses a cold develop]1 !reby caus+ ! pap] to reta9 its orig9al ela/icity4 ,! *ief po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 bromide enl>gem5ts & silv] or plat9um enl>gem5ts are t1 9 ! =m]1 we h ! s5sitive comp\nd ( silv] susp5d$ 9 a vehicle ( gelat91 &1 9 ! latt]1 a ?9 coat+ ( an aque\s solution ( ! s5sitive salts4 ,9 ! =m] process1 ! image is n %[n until ! pap] has be5 develop$ 9 ! ba?1 :ile 9 ! latt]1 ! image is %[n ^u ! pap] :5 x is expos$ to ! light2 s t1 9 ! latt]1 ! image or picture has only to be fix$ or made p]man5t1 :ile 9 ! =m]1 x is develop$1 !n fix$4 ,! gelat9 bromide pap] is coat$ ) a solution ( gelat91 bromide ( potassium & nitrate ( silv]1 develop$ ) a solution ( oxalate ( pota%1 protosulphate ( iron1 sulphuric acid & bromide ( potassium & wat]1 & fix$ ) hyposulphate ( soda4 ,x is manufactur$ 9 ,am]ica by ,e4 & ,h4 ,t4 ,an?ony ,co4 & by ! ,ea/man ,dry ,plate ,company4 ,,crayon ,,mat]ials4 ,! foll[+ mat]ials w be f\nd necess>y = crayon "w3 ,a good photographic enl>gem5t1 ,easel1 ,mahl /ick1 ,?ree in* magnify+ glass1 ,squ>e black ,conte crayon1 ,nos4 #a1 #b & #c1 ,*>coal hold] = ! same1 ,h>dmu?'s black *alk po9ts1 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d & #e1 ,hold] = ! same1 ,box ,fab]'s crayon po9ts1 ,nos4 #a1 #b & #c1 ,hold] = ! above crayons1 ,conte crayon1 9 wood1 ,nos4 #j & #a1 #f ,b4 ,fab]'s hold] = ,sib]ian lead p5cil po9ts1 #d ,h4 ,fab]'s hold] ) ,sib]ian lead p5cil po9t1 ,vel\r crayon1 ,pe]less crayon sauce1 ,black ,conte crayon sauce1 9 foil1 ,:ite crayon1 9 wood1 ,bun* ( tortillon /umps1 ,l>ge grey pap] /umps1 ,small grey pap] /umps1 ,! ,pe]less /ump1 ,l>ge rubb] eras]1 #d in*es by #c-d in*es squ>e1 bevell$ end1 ,two small nigrivor9e eras]s1 ,hold] = nigrivor9e eras]s1 ,piece ( *amois sk91 ,cotton batt+ ( ! be/ quality1 ,a %eet ( f9e em]y pap]1 ,a %>p p5 knife1 ,"o p\nd ( pulv]iz$ pumice /one1 ,mort> & pe/le1 ,a l>ge black apron1 ,pa/e-bo>d box ab\t t5 in*es squ>e & two in*es deep1 ,back-bo>ds = m\nt+ crayon pap] & photographic enl>gem5ts1 ,pli]s1 ,pa/e bru%1 ?ree in*es wide1 to be us$ = />* pa/e or = wat]4 ,exp]i5ce has taught me t we _c be too p>ticul> 9 giv+ directions z to ! mat]ials = our "w1 & !re=e ,i h c>efully includ$ 9 ! above li/ ev]y?+ necess>y to ?or\ghly equip ! /ud5t4 ,:ile ! magnify+ glass m5tion$ above is n an actual necessity1 /ill a good "o w be f\nd v useful1 z x w (t5 %[ details 9 ! photograph :i* w\ld n be discov]$ by ! nak$ eye4 ,my male read]s may at fir/ object to s fem99e an article z an apron1 b x w be f\nd ?or\ghly useful1 & ,i am sure !y w nev] cons5t to ab&on x aft] !y h once become accu/om$ to we>+ x4 ,,! ,,specific ,,use ,,( ,,crayon ,,mat]ials4 ,i w n[ expla9 ! specific use & nature ( ^! mat]ials1 res]v+ ! v>i\s k9ds ( photographic enl>gem5ts & _! special qualities & advantages1 = treatm5t "u _! diff]5t manipulations4 ,! easel %\ld be set s t ! light /rikes ! picture at an angle ( #ij deg41 &1 :5 work+ f a side light1 x w v (t5 be necess>y to d>k5 ! l[] "p ( ! w9d[ to accompli% ?is result4 ,! mahl /ick is held 9 ! left h&1 & is us$ z a re/ = ! "r arm 9 work+4 ,?\gh a trifle awkw>d & difficult at fir/1 its use mu/1 nev]!less1 be le>n$1 z ! h& w n be /eady )\t x1 especially 9 portrait "w4 ,! squ>e black ,conte crayons are = fill+ 9 :]e !re are l>ge d>k places4 ,! ,no4 #a is us$ ) ! black ,conte crayon sauce 9 mak+ ! crayon sauce 7to be appli$ ) ! ends ( ! f+]s7 to produce a broad effect & to make ! /ipple effect on ! pap] aft] x has be5 rubb$ ) pumice /one4 ,! crayon po9ts1 ,nos4 #a1 #b & #c1 are us$ 9 mak+ outl9es & also 9 putt+ 9 ! l9es to produce ! l9e effect4 ,9 g5]al1 !y are to be us$ 9 free-h& crayons & on silv] & plat9um enl>gem5ts4 ,! ,h>dmu? black *alk po9ts are simil> to ! crayon po9ts1 &1 if pref]r$1 %\ld be us$ accord+ to ! directions giv5 = ! crayon po9ts4 ,! ,h>dmu? po9ts are made 9 five numb]s & w1 !re=e1 produce m %ades ( black ?an ! crayon po9ts4 ,!y are also twice z long z ! latt]1 )\t co/+ any m4 ,! ,conte crayons1 9 wood1 are us$ = f9i%+ ! crayon1 especially ! ,no4 #j1 its h>dness adapt+ x to t purpose4 ,! #f ,b4 ,fab]'s hold]1 = lead p5cil po9ts1 is = hold+ ! ,fab]'s ,conte crayon ,no4 #j aft] x has become %ort1 ! wood be+ c>efully remov$ be=e ! crayon is plac$ 9 ! hold]4 ,! #d ,h4 hold]1 ) ,sib]ian lead p5cil po9t1 is us$ 9 ! v f9e/ "w on bromide pap]1 = f9i%+ 9 ! light places4 ,c>e mu/ be employ$ n to use too mu* lead on ! pap]1 z1 be+ ( a diff]5t color f ! crayon1 x w\ld %[ if too freely appli$4 ,x is also us$ 9 mak+ mono*romes4 ,vel\r crayon is v black4 ,x is only us$ to produce a velvet effect & :5ev] x is necess>y to make a v /rong d>k--t is1 a d>k t is deep] ?an an ord9>y %ad[4 ,! ,pe]less crayon sauce is ! same z ! crayon sauce made f ,no4 #a ,conte crayon & ! black ,conte crayon sauce 9 foil4 ,x is made & put up 9 bottles by ,f4 ,w4 ,devoe ,co41 & c be b\ght ( any deal] 9 arti/'s mat]ials4 ,x w be f\nd m conv5i5t to get x 9 ?is =m ?an to prep>e x 9 ! /udio2 x co/s no m & saves ! exp5se ( a mort> & pe/le4 ,z x is gr\nd by ma*9]y & pass$ ?r\gh a v f9e scre51 !re are no small h>d p>ticles 9 ! prep>ation1 & its use is recomm5d$4 ,black ,conte crayon sauce1 9 foil1 is us$ 9 mak+ ! crayon sauce to be appli$ ) ! f+]s4 ,:ite crayon1 9 wood1 is = t\*+ up ! high lights ( :ite drap]y1 & especially = ! high lights on :ite lace2 x is to be us$ v sp>+ly4 ,tortillon /umps are us$ 9 mak+ ! face1 :5 x is desir$ to produce ! /ump effect1 & also 9 mak+ ! hair4 ,! l>ge grey pap] /ump s]ves to make ! broad effect ( %ade 9 ! /ump effect 9 ! hair & dress4 ,! ,pe]less /ump is us$ to produce ! same effect z ! l>ge grey pap] /ump4 ,x w be f\nd f> bett] ?an ! pap] /ump = "w on ! bromide pap]1 z x is made ( s(t] mat]ial & causes ! crayon to adh]e to ! pap] m readily4 ,! l>ge rubb] eras] is to put 9 ! broad effects ( light 9 ! backgr\nd & dress4 ,! small nigrivor9e eras]s are us$ :5 x is necess>y to remove ! crayon1 9 ord] to produce small decid$ lights--pr9cipally 9 mak+ free-h& crayons & to produce ! l9e effects ov] a plat9um & silv] enl>gem5t4 ,:ile ! /umps are us$ = putt+ on ! crayon1 ! eras]s are us$ to remove x4 ,! *amois is also us$ = remov+ ! crayon1 to produce broad effects ( light4 ,! cotton is = apply+ ! crayon sauce to ! pap] & = rubb+ ! crayon at diff]5t /ages 9 ! completion ( ! picture4 ,! crayon _c be remov$ ) ! eras] unless x has fir/ be5 rubb$ ) ! cotton2 & ?is mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 z ! use ( ! eras] at ?is /age w\ld only result 9 mak+ a black l9e or spot1 :5 x 0 int5d$ to produce a :ite l9e or spot4 ,x w also be well to make a *amois block = apply+ ! crayon sauce1 to be work$ ) ! tortillon /ump4 ,?is is done by tack+ onto a block1 f\r in*es long1 two in*es wide & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick1 a piece ( *amois sk91 ?ree in*es wide by five in*es long1 all[+ x to cov] ! top1 :ile x is fa/5$ along ! f\r edges4 ,?is is plac$ face d[n 9 ! box ( crayon sauce & rubb$ ar\nd 9 x1 s t ! crayon w adh]e ?or\ghly to ! *amois4 ,em]y pap] is us$ to %>p5 ! nigrivor9e eras]s & ! crayon po9ts4 ,! knife1 :i* is a v important tool1 %\ld be a good "o1 always kept well %>p5$4 ,! be/ = ?is "w is an ink eras]1 ) a r\nd+ po9t1 a long edge on "o side ( ! blade & a %ort "o on ! o!r side1 ext5d+ ab\t an in* f ! po9t4 ,! mort> & pe/le are = p\nd+ or gr9d+ ! ,conte crayon ,no4 #a & ! crayon sauce1 9 mak+ ! special crayon sauce m5tion$ above4 ,! pa/e-bo>d box is int5d$ to hold ?is special crayon sauce or ! ,pe]less sauce4 ,! back-bo>ds are "o in* ?ick1 made to fit ! back ( ! /ra9] 7describ$ 9 ! next *apt]71 & are us$ 9 m\nt+4 ,x w be necess>y to h ?ree diff]5t sizes1 ! mo/ useful be+ #aaae1 #aeai & #aibd in*es1 to fit1 respectively1 /ra9]s measur+ #afbj1 #bjbd1 #bdbi & #becj in*es4 ,! pli]s %\ld be ei!r :at is kn[n z %oe-mak]'s pli]s 7:i* are ! *eape/7 or ! canvas pli]s1 us$ 9 /ret*+ t mat]ial2 !y are ne$$ to /ret* ! clo? on ! /ra9]4 ,! pulv]iz$ pumice /one is us$ 9 prep>+ ! surface ( crayon pap] & bromide enl>gem5ts1 to produce ! /ipple effect4 ,,! ,,/ra9]4 ,! /ra9]1 on :i* crayon pap] or any k9d ( photographic enl>gem5t is to be m\nt$1 %\ld be ! same size z ! int5d$ picture4 ,! frame is made ( f\r /rips ( p9e wood1 two in*es wide1 "o in* ?ick on ! outside1 & ?ree qu>t] in* on ! inside1 mak+ a qu>t] in* bevel on ! inside edge ( ! face2 ^! are nail$ toge!r & glu$4 ,to ?is1 tack a piece ( blea*$ musl91 free f knots & r\gh places1 :i* has be5 cut two in*es l>g] ea* way ?an ! frame4 ,use six ounce ,sw$e uphol/]]s' tacks1 plac+ "o 9 ! c5tre ( ! outside edge ( "o side & ano!r directly opposite1 /ret*+ ! musl9 z firmly z possible ) ! f+]s4 ,!n place a ?ird tack 9 ! c5tre ( ! outside edge ( ! top1 & a f\r? 9 ! c5tre ( ! bottom ( ! frame1 /ret*+ z be=e4 ,9 f9i%+1 use ! pli]s 9 addition to ! f+]s1 & rememb] t y mu/ always /ret* f ! c5tre t[>ds ! corn] or y w h wr9kles 9 ! musl94 ,z ?is process %\ld be ?or\ghly und]/ood1 ,i w give m9ute directions = complet+ ! op]ation4 ,hav+ already plac$ ! f\r tacks z above1 /& ! /ra9] on its bottom edge on ! floor1 ) ! back t[>ds y1 & put 9 ! fif? tack two in*es to ! "r ( ! ?ird1 t is1 ! "o on ! top previ\sly m5tion$4 ,in/ead ( /ret*+ ! musl9 directly back 9 a /raight l9e t[>ds y & at "r angles to ! f\r? tack1 y mu/ draw x ) ! f+]s t[>ds ! "r h& corn]4 ,!n f9i% /ret*+1 & tack+ ?is edge to ! "r h& corn] ( ! top1 plac+ ! tacks two in*es ap>t & tak+ c>e to only draw ! clo? suffici5tly to h x p]fectly smoo? & /raight on ! edges1 leav+ ! /ret*+ to be done ) ! pli]s2 !n turn ! /ra9] on ! side edge & tack at two in* int]vals f ! c5tre ( ! o!r 7t is ! upp]7 side to ! "r h& corn]1 same z be=e1 & !n tack half ( ! bottom edge & half ( ! o!r side 9 ! same way4 ,y w obs]ve t y n[ h only "o half ( ! musl9 tack$--t is1 "o half on ea* edge--& y !n complete ! tack+1 us+ ! pli]s to ?or\ghly /ret* ! musl94 ,?is me?od has ! advantage t y c /ret* ! musl9 on ! /ra9] & get x on bett] & 9 less ?an half ! "t requir$ by ! old me?od2 also t y /ret* ! :ole surface ( ! musl9 ) ! pli]s1 & d x ) only half ! "w4 ,,m\nt+ ,,crayon ,,pap] ,,& ,,plat9um ,,& ,,silv] ,,enl>gem5ts4 ,wet 9 clean wat] a piece ( musl9 ab\t two in*es l>g] ea* way ?an ! pap] y int5d to m\nt1 & lay x on ! m\nt+ bo>d or table1 remov+ all ! wr9kles ) a wet bru%2 !n place ! pap] on ?is clo?1 face d[n1 & ) "s wat] & a bru%1 wet ! back ( ! pap]1 cont9u+ to use ! bru% until all ! wr9kles are entirely smoo!d out & ! pap] lies d[n p]fectly flat4 ,any numb] ( pieces ( pap] c be wet at ! same "t by plac+ "o ov] ! o!r1 provid$ ! l>g] sizes are laid d[n fir/ & ea* is bru%$ out flat be=e ano!r is plac$ ov] x4 ,let ! pap] soak = ab\t fifte5 m9utes4 ,aft] hav+ remov$ ! surplus wat] f ! pap] ) a clo?1 sponge or squeegee1 apply />* pa/e to ! pap] ) a pa/e bru%1 go+ ov] x ?or\ghly1 until x has receiv$ an ev5 coat ( pa/e free f lumps4 ,!n lay "o ( ! back-bo>ds on a table &1 hav+ plac$ ! /ra9] d[n on x face up1 give ! clo? ( ! latt] a coat ( pa/e1 us+ ! same c>e y did 9 go+ ov] ! pap]1 tak+ pa9s to h ! edges ( ! clo? well pa/$1 & to remove1 by pass+ y\r f+] all ar\nd ! outside edges ( ! /ra9]1 any pa/e :i* may be !re4 ,n[ pick ! pap] up & place x on ! pa/$ surface ( ! /ra9]1 :i* an assi/ant %\ld hold tipp$ t[>ds y4 7,! help ( an assi/ant w be f\nd almo/ indisp5sable 9 m\nt+74 ,aft] ! pap] is 9 ! prop] place1 lay ! /ra9] d[n & secure ea* corn] ( ! pap]1 by fir/ lift+ x slightly & !n rubb+ x d[n ) a clean clo? f ! direction ( ! c5tre t[>ds ! corn] y h lift$ up4 ,) a %>p knife trim (f ! edges ( ! pap] & set x away to dry1 b nei!r ne> a fire nor 9 too cold a place4 ,y c v (t5 save ! rem\nt+ ( a pap] by occasionally glanc+ at x z x dries & by g5tly rubb+ d[n a little ) ! f+]s any places t look z if !y w\ld n /ick4 ,v (t5 ! pap] w be all "r ) ! exception ( ?is difficulty at "o edge or corn]4 ,?is is inv>iably ! l[] "p1 & is caus$ by ! wat] settl+ !re4 ,x is !re=e advisable to *ange ! position ( ! /ra9] two or ?ree times z x dries1 lett+ x /& on diff]5t edges4 ,aft] ! pap] is dry1 if !re are any places t h refus$ to /ick fa/ to ! clo?1 x w be impossible = y to rem$y ! matt]1 & y mu/ rem\nt x4 ,y proce$1 !re=e1 to remove ! pap] f ! clo?4 ,?is y d by turn+ ! /ra9] face d[n & fill+ ! back ( x ) w>m wat]1 all[+ x to rema9 !re until y ?9k t ! pa/e has become ?or\ghly dissolv$2 !n turn ! /ra9] ov] & c>efully remove ! pap]4 ,if x %\ld n come (f readily1 fill ! /ra9] aga9 ) wat]1 & soak x until x w come (f4 ,aft] y h remov$ ! pap]1 lay x on a wet clo?1 & ) a case knife clean (f ! />*1 us+ c>e n to injure ! surface ( ! pap]1 & also clean (f ! />* f ! /ra9]2 !n proce$ to rem\nt z be=e4 ,:5 y once und]/& t y _c spoil an enl>gem5t on acc\nt ( defective m\nt+1 y w "w m confid5tly4 ,aft] y h tri$ ?ree times to rem\nt1 & ! pap] /ill insi/s 9 n /ick+1 y mu/ take a new /ra9]1 z too _m wett+s w h spoilt ! clo? & wood4 ,sometimes !re seems to be a diff]5ce 9 ! /ret*+ qualities ( ! enl>gem5t & clo?1 :i* makes x impossible to produce a p]fect cohesion4 ,:51 !re=e1 x has be5 rem\nt$ ?ree times & does n come out p]fect1 y\r be/ c\rse is to m\nt a piece ( crayon pap] on a new /ra9]1 & aft] x is ?or\ghly dry to !n m\nt ! enl>gem5t on t4 ,?is y d 9 ! mann] describ$ = m\nt+ 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 directly on ! /ra9]1 except t y d n coat ) pa/e ! crayon pap] already m\nt$4 ,x sometimes happ5s1 t aft] ! pap] has be5 m\nt$ & dri$1 x is discov]$ t lumps 9 ! pa/e h caus$ defects to appe> on ! face ( ! pap] 9 ! %ape ( rais$ surfaces t unfit x = ! int5d$ purpose4 ,^! c be entirely remov$ by wett+ ! back ( ! /ra9] ) "s clean wat] imm$iately beh9d :]e ! lumps ( pa/e are1 & ) a knife scrap+ ! clo? a little at ^! places2 ! surplus pa/e w "w itself out ?r\gh ! clo?4 ,! />* pa/e us$ 9 m\nt+ %\ld n be made v ?ick2 on ! contr>y1 x %\ld be z ?9 z is consi/5t ) /ill reta9+ all its adhesive qualities4 ,%\ld y fe> t x is too ?ick or lumpy1 /ra9 x ?r\gh a piece ( *eese clo?4 ,9 a =m] edition ( ?is book ,i advis$ add+ to ! pa/e a little :ite glue dissolv$ 9 w>m wat]1 b ,i d n n[ consid] ?is necess>y = crayon pap] or photographic enl>gem5ts1 & d n recomm5d its use except = m\nt+ pap] ( unusual ?ickness4 ,! =ego+ directions = m\nt+ apply to plat9um or silv] enl>gem5ts1 crayon or o!r k9ds ( pap]1 b n to bromide enl>gem5ts4 ,! bromide pap] requires a diff]5t me?od ( h&l+ on acc\nt ( ! gelat9 surface1 :i* :5 wet is de/roy$ by contact ) any dry sub/ance1 z ! latt] removes ! gelat94 ,= det]m9+ ! prop] position ( photographic enl>gem5ts 7bu/ pictures7 on ! /ra9]1 ! foll[+ scale w be useful z a g5]al guide4 ,:5 ! size ( ! /ra9] is #afbj1 #bjbd1 #bbbf1 or #becj in*es1 ! di/ances f its top to ! top ( ! head ( ! portrait %\ld be respectively #c-a_/b1 #d1 #d-a_/b & #e-a_/b in*es4 ,,m\nt+ ,,bromide ,,enl>gem5ts4 ,! fir/ requisite = ?is is a wat]-tight tray1 l>ge en\gh to hold ! enl>gem5ts4 ,a h>d rubb] tray c be pur*as$1 or a wood5 "o t w answ] ! purpose may be made4 ,i use "o ( my own con/ruction t is *eap & s]viceable4 ,x is simply a wood5 box1 #bgcb in*es & #d in*es deep1 made ( #a_/b in* groov$ mat]ial & l9$ ) black oil clo?1 n cut at ! corn]s1 b fold$ 94 ,9 ?is1 :5 ab\t half full ( wat]1 lay ! enl>gem5t face up1 & let x rema9 9 ! wat] fifte5 m9utes4 ,x %\ld !n be laid face d[n on ! wet clo? 7:i* %\ld be all ready7 z describ$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 = m\nt+ crayon pap]4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to h ! clo? wet all ov]1 = if !re %\ld be any dry spots 9 x !y w\ld ru9 ! gelat9 surface4 ,) a clo? or squeegee remove ! wat] f ! back ( ! enl>gem5t & also f ! clo? ar\nd its edges1 = if !re is too mu* wat] on ! edge ( ! clo? x w "w up into ! pa/e & prev5t x f /ick+ :5 m\nt$4 ,n[ pa/e ! enl>gem5t & /ra9] accord+ to ! directions giv5 = m\nt+ crayon pap]1 place ! enl>gem5t on ! /ra9] & rub x d[n by us+ ! f+]s wet 9 a little wat]1 or ! squeegee c be us$2 & !n trim (f ev5 ) ! outside ( ! /ra9]4 ,avoid rubb+ too h>d along ! edges1 z by s do+ y w press out all ! pa/e & x w n /ick4 ,y c rem\nt a bromide enl>gem5t z (t5 z necess>y 9 case x does n come out p]fect1 only be> 9 m9d t y mu/ n all[ any?+ dry to t\* ! surface :5 wet4 ,b ,i %\ld n advise y to try m ?an ?ree times directly on ! /ra9]4 ,x w\ld be bett] to m\nt a piece ( crayon pap] on a new /ra9]1 & aft] x is dry to rem\nt ! bromide enl>gem5t on t4 ,,outl9es--,,negative ,,outl9e4 ,aft] ! crayon pap] has be5 m\nt$ on ! /ra9] & dri$1 ! next /ep is to obta9 ! outl9e4 ,i w fir/ treat ( free-h& crayons1 tak+ x = grant$ t ! read] is n able to produce crayons f life1 b works f a photograph4 ,!re are five diff]5t me?ods ( mak+ an outl9e1 f :i* ! read] c make 8 own selection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,negative ,,outl9e--,,d>k ,,*amb]4 ,f ! ,annual ,encyclop$ia4 ,copyright$1 #ahia1 by ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 ,make a negative f ! photograph t is to be enl>g$1 & con/ruct = a room t is entirely d>k1 ) ! exception ( "o w9d[1 a d>k inside %utt]1 ) an op5+ 9 x ! size ( ! negative y int5d to use4 ,place a cleat on ea* side & at ! bottom ( ?is op5+1 s t ! negative may be made to slide 9 front ( x4 ,hav+ remov$ ! gr\nd glass f y\r cam]a box1 fa/5 ! latt] aga9/ ! %utt] s t ! op5+ comes 9 ! c5tre ( ! box4 ,y c fa/5 x ) f\r hooks & eyes1 or arrange cleats on ! %utt] & pieces on ! box1 s t x w slide into place4 ,be sure & h ! box come tight aga9/ ! %utt] s t ! light w be entirely exclud$4 ,place ! negative ov] ! small op5+ 9 ! %utt] & adju/ ! cam]a box2 !n /& ! easel ) ! crayon /ra9] on x at ! prop] di/ance to give ! requir$ size ( ! enl>gem5t & focus ! image %>p on ! crayon pap]4 ,! /ra9] mu/ /& at ! same angle z ! %utt]2 t is1 if ! %utt] is p]p5dicul> !n ! /ra9] mu/ /& p]p5dicul> also4 ,!n g ov] ! outl9e & %ad[ l9es ) ! *>coal1 aft] :i* op5 ! %utt] & exam9e ! outl9e & see if x is "r4 ,z y are work+ 9 ! d>k y are apt to ov]look "s l9es4 ,if y h done s y c close ! %utt] aga9 & make !m4 ,if x proves to be all "r g ov] x ) ! crayon po9t ,no4 #b4 ,,magic ,,lant]n ,,outl9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,mc,a,l,l,i,s,t,e,r ,,magic ,,lant]n1 ,no4 #fec1 ,,) ,,wond] ,,cam]a ,,atta*m5t4 ,f ! ,annual ,encyclop$ia4 ,copyright$1 #ahia1 by ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,,magic ,,lant]n ,,outl9e4 ,f ! ,annual ,encyclop$ia4 ,copyright$1 #ahia1 by ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 ,?is is ! me?od ,i am us+ at pres5t 9 my own free-h& crayon "w1 & pref] because x does n require a negative4 ,i use a ,mc,allister ,magic ,lant]n1 ,no4 #fec1 ) a wond] cam]a atta*m5t4 ,?is atta*m5t enables y to make an enl>gem5t f a cab9et or c>d photograph1 & to disp5se ) a negative4 ,if y int5d to d v mu* free-h& crayon "w ,i %\ld advise y to get "o1 z x w soon pay = itself4 ,! lant]n %\ld be put 9 work+ condition accord+ to ! pr9t$ directions t come ) x1 & plac$ on y\r table4 ,i use a table six feet long1 sixte5 in*es wide1 & ?irty in*es high4 ,nail to "o side ( ! table1 f\r in*es f ! end1 a /ick six feet long1 "o in* wide1 & "o-half in* ?ick1 us+ two two-in* brads4 ,"o end ( ! /ick %\ld re/ on ! floor1 c>e be+ tak5 t x /& p]fectly p]p5dicul>1 a squ>e be+ us$ if necess>y to secure ?is result4 ,! /ick w h a l5g? ( #db in*es above ! table1 :i* w be ample = ! use ( a #be by #cj /ra9]4 ,place ! /ra9]1 ) ! crayon pap] m\nt$ on x1 fac+ outw>d on its bottom edge on ! table & nail x fa/ to ! /ick ) two brads1 lett+ x /& at "r angles ) ! edge ( ! table ) its back t[>ds ! lant]n1 :i* is at ! o!r end ( ! table4 ,! object ( plac+ ! /ra9] ) ! back t[>ds ! lant]n is t ! image mu/ %[ ?r\gh ! /ra9] or ! outl9e w\ld be drawn rev]s$4 ,draw a *>coal m>k on ! back ( ! /ra9] v]tically ?r\gh ! c5tre1 & m>k ! prop] di/ance f ! top ( /ra9] horizontally :]e ! top ( ! head %\ld come4 ,n[ move ! lant]n until y h x ! prop] di/ance f ! /ra9] to make ! head ! size desir$1 & aft]w>ds focus ! features %>p & di/9ct1 us+ ! *>coal m>ks = ! prop] place to make ! head1 ! v]tical l9e com+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! face2 !n1 seat$ at ! end ( ! table1 9 front ( ! /ra9]1 make a *>coal outl9e z 9 ! =m] me?od4 ,( c\rse ! magic lant]n c be us$ = produc+ an outl9e only at night1 or 9 a p]fectly d>k5$ room4 ,! foll[+ table w prove a safe guide to foll[ 9 det]m9+ ! size ( ! head = bu/ pictures4 ,! di/ance f ! roots ( ! hair on ! =ehead to ! bottom ( ! *9 %\ld be3 ,= #ad by #ag in* pictures1 #d in*es1 #af #bj #d-a_/b #ah #bb #e #bj #bd #f #bb #bg #f-a_/b #be #cj #g #bi #cf #g %[+ ! h&s4 ,,transf] ,,outl9e4 ,= ?is me?od an enl>gem5t made f ! photograph is requir$1 b x ne$s to be an enl>gem5t ( ! head only--t is1 a #aaad in* enl>gem5t ( ! head w answ] = a #becj in* crayon portrait1 & s]ve z a guide to "w f 9 mak+ ! crayon4 ,transp>5t trac+ pap] 7made ( f9e tissue pap]1 oil$ ) cl>ifi$ l9se$ oil & !n dri$17 is laid on ! enl>g$ photograph1 & ! outl9e gone ov] ) a s(t lead p5cil4 ,! trac+ pap] is !n turn$ & its back is rubb$ all ov] ) *>coal1 :5 x is laid *>coal side d[n on ! m\nt$ crayon pap]1 & c>efully fa/5$ ) f\r ?umb tacks4 ,! l9es fir/ made are !n gone ov] ) a %>p po9t$ lead p5cil4 ,:5 ! trac+ pap] is remov$ a p]fect outl9e 9 *>coal is f\nd to h be5 made4 ,?is %\ld !n be gone ov] ) ! crayon po9t ,no4 #b4 ,! re/ ( ! portrait is sket*$ 9 f ! orig9al picture4 ,,! ,,metroscope ,comprises a s]ies ( squ>es accurately engrav$ ^u ! f9e/ plate glass by ma*9]y4 ,! two plates ( glass 7( :i* "o =m ( ! in/rum5t consi/s71 are rul$ = conv5i5ce ) squ>es diff]+ 9 size4 ,^! are fram$ & held toge!r by ?umb screws1 all[+ suffici5t space betwe5 !m = ins]t+ & secur+ a picture ! size ( a cab9et photograph4 ,! l9es are ?us br\ght into su* p]fect contact ) all p>ts ( ! photograph s t !y appe> to be drawn on x4 ,"o feature ( ?is in/rum5t :i* r5d]s ! squ>e sy/em v practical1 consi/s ( ! division & sub-division ( ! squ>es by dott$ l9es & da% l9es4 ,! eye naturally divides a l9e or space into halves & qu>t]s1 & = ?is reason ! da% l9es h be5 designat$ = qu>t]+ ! ma9 l9es1 & ! dott$ l9es = qu>t]+ ! squ>es ?us =m$4 ,?is gives sixte5 times z _m squ>es = use z are drawn ^u ! photograph4 ,a me?od bas$ on ! same pr9ciple z ! metroscope1 b n requir+ ! use ( t in/rum5t1 may be pursu$1 z foll[s3 ,fa/5 ! photograph to a bo>d1 m>k ! space at ! top1 bottom & sides into "o-qu>t] in* divisions1 & drive %>p po9t$ p9s 9 ea* ( ! division m>ks4 ,tak+ a spool ( :ite ?read run x across v]tically & horizontally f ea* p9 to ! "o opposite1 & y w !n h ! photograph divid$ into "o-qu>t] in* squ>es2 !n1 if y\r enl>gem5t is to be six times ! size ( ! photograph1 take ! m\nt$ crayon pap] & divide ! sides & top & bottom 9 #a-a_/b in* squ>es1 run ?read across ! same z = ! photograph1 & !n proce$ to draw ! outl9e1 fir/ 9 *>coal1 & aft]w>ds ) ! crayon4 ,! spaces m>k$ on ! crayon pap] %\ld 9 ea* case1 ( c\rse1 be z _m times great] ?an ^? m>k$ on ! photograph z ! int5d$ enl>gem5t is great] ?an ! photograph4 ,,! ,,pantograph4 ,?is in/rum5t = enl>g+ or r$uc+ a picture 0 inv5t$ ab\t ! ye> #afjc4 ,x consi/s ( f\r metallic or wood5 b>s or rules1 :i* are p]=at$ by a s]ies ( holes 7numb]$ f #a to #bj71 & connect$ toge!r by means ( an adju/able ?umb screw4 ,! in/rum5t is provid$ ) a trac+ & a m>k+ po9t1 & a screw or po9t :i* is =c$ into ! draw+ bo>d to hold ! in/rum5t 9 position4 ,a good pantograph w co/ ab\t two doll>s2 ^? ( a *eap] grade are entirely wor?less = practical use1 :ile a good "o w la/ a life "t4 ,a little exp]i5ce w enable any "o to le>n ! use ( ! numb]s4 ,to employ ! in/rum5t select ! numb] on ! b>s correspond+ to ! numb] ( times ! subject is to be enl>g$1 & connect ! adju/able ends ( ! b>s s t !y int]sect at ?is numb]2 secure ! pantograph to ! draw+ bo>d at ! left h& side2 place a piece ( manilla pap] at ! o!r end ( ! bo>d & secure x ) ?umb tacks1 tak+ c>e to smoo? all ! wr9kles out4 ,next adju/ ! m>k+ po9t 9 ! c5tre ( ! pap]2 & secure ! photograph to ! bo>d s t its c5tre %all be directly "u ! trac+ po9t1 :i* %\ld always t\* x4 ,if x does n d s at fir/1 place a little weight on ! in/rum5t ov] ?is po9t heavy en\gh to br+ x 9 contact ) ! photograph4 ,n[ guide ! in/rum5t1 by tak+ hold ( ! trac+ po9t :ile at ! same "t y wat* ! m>k+ po9t4 ,9 ?is mann] g ov] ! entire photograph1 putt+ 9 all ! details necess>y1 aft] :i* y c transf] ?is outl9e to ! crayon pap] by means ( ! trac+ pap] accord+ to ! =m] me?od giv5 = transf]r+ an outl9e4 ,^! are all ! be/ me?ods ( produc+ an outl9e4 ,9 ea* ( !m y fa/5 ! *>coal l9es ) ! ,no4 #b crayon po9ts1 & !n1 hav+ bru%$ (f ! *>coal1 proce$ to put 9 ! backgr\nd = y\r portrait4 ,?is y d by any "o ( ! me?ods giv5 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,,f\r ,,me?ods ,,( ,,mak+ ,,! ,,backgr\nd4 ,! backgr\nd c be made fir/1 ) ! crayon sauce & ! use ( ! l>ge gray /ump & rubb] eras]2 second1 ) ! cotton & rubb]1 by us+ ! cotton 9 apply+ ! crayon sauce to put 9 ! d>k places 9 ! backgr\nd1 & !n f9i%+ ) ! rubb]2 ?ird1 by ! use ( ! l9e effect2 & f\r?1 by ! /ipple effect1 produc$ by ! use ( pumice /one4 ,?is la/ ,i consid] f> sup]ior to any ( ! o!rs1 z x *anges ! appe>ance ( ! surface ( ! pap] entirely1 & produces an effect altoge!r diff]5t f t ord9>ily %[n 9 a backgr\nd4 ,x is also free f ! mussy1 dirty appe>ance :i* is produc$ by ! use ( ! cotton & crayon sauce alone4 ,i h be5 repeat$ly ask$ by bo? amateurs & pr(essionals :at k9d ( pap] ,i use 9 free-h& crayons4 ,! inquiry arose f ! fact t treat+ ! pap] by ! f\r? me?od *anges ! appe>ance ( ! surface ( ! pap] & also its color4 ,i h nev] be=e1 h[ev]1 giv5 to ! public1 nor ev5 to my pupils1 ! secret ( ?is process4 ,:5 ! pupil has ma/]$ x s z to once produce ! satisfactory effect ( :i* x is capable1 he w f9d t x has all ! advantages ,i claim = x & is a secret well wor? kn[+1 9 fact1 :at w\ld be t]m$ "o ( ! tricks ( ! pr(ession1 & a v valuable "o4 ,i mu/ confess1 h[ev]1 t ,i discov]$ x by an accid5t4 ,i _h be5 exp]im5t+ = ye>s 9 mak+ backgr\nds 9 ord] to produce an effect t 0 entirely satisfactory to me1 & _h fail$ to rea* j :at ,i want$4 ,"o day1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 at "w on a portrait t ,i 0 v p>ticul> )1 b ! backgr\nd ( :i* prov$ q unsatisfactory to me4 ,9 despair ,i ?rew on a h&ful ( pumice /one1 int5d+ to entirely remove ! backgr\nd by its aid1 :51 to my surprise & delight1 ,i f\nd ,i 0 produc+ ! v effect t ,i _h be5 seek+ = ye>s1 namely1 "o r5d]+ ! backgr\nd ( a diff]5t color f ! face & giv+ x a cle>1 transp>5t appe>ance1 s t ! eye seem$ to p5etrate x1 q diff]5t f ! opaque1 almo/ dirty backgr\nds1 result+ f ! use ( o!r me?ods4 ,i w treat ea* ( ^! me?ods 9 sep>ate *apt]s fur!r on4 ,,free-,,h& ,,crayons ,,& ,,^? ,,made ,,f ,,photographic ,,enl>gem5ts4 ,! pr9cipal diff]5ce betwe5 ! appe>ance ( free-h& crayons & ^? t are made ov] a photographic enl>gem5t1 is t 9 ! =m] ! %ad[s are light] & m transp>5t4 ,9 ! matt] ( feel+1 h[ev]1 ! free-h& crayon is mu* m satisfactory to ! arti/ = he kn[s x is all 8 own "w1 & t he has n dep5d$ on ! photographic enl>gem5t to help him make ! portrait4 ,aft] ! outl9e has be5 drawn1 9 mak+ a free-h& crayon1 ! portrait is /ill n yet 9 ! same /ate ( advancem5t z a silv]1 plat9um or bromide enl>gem5t2 = ! reason t ! latt] n only has ! outl9e1 b also ! fa9t impression 9 light & %ade ( ! re/ ( ! portrait4 ,i w1 !re=e1 9 ! next *apt]1 give in/ructions = fill+ 9 ! free-h& crayon up to su* a degree ( light & %ade z %all put x 9 ! same condition z ! enl>gem5t4 ,f t po9t on ! same directions 7to be subsequ5tly giv57 = f9i%+ ! portrait w apply equally to bo? ! free-h& crayons & ! enl>gem5ts1 except t ! bromide is und]/ood to require special treatm5t4 ,! frontispiece 0 made f a free-h& crayon :i* 0 execut$ on ,/e9ba* crayon pap] ) a magic lant]n outl9e4 ,?is %[s ! /ipple effect 9 ! face & drap]y1 & a brok5 l9e effect 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! /ud5t w notice ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is illu/ration & t fac+ page #ha1 :i* 0 made f a bromide crayon4 ,9 ! bromide crayon ! %ad[s are d>k & /rong1 :ile 9 ?is !y are light] & m transp>5t4 ,,fill+ ,,9 ,,! ,,free-,,h& ,,crayon4 ,hav+ y\r crayon outl9e already made on ! m\nt$ /ra9]1 lay ! latt] d[n on ! table face up1 & proce$ to put 9 a pumice /one backgr\nd ) ! crayon sauce accord+ to in/ructions h]eaft] giv5 on page #gj = produc+ t k9d ( backgr\nd1 mak+ sure t y g entirely ov] ! outl9e4 ,!n place ! /ra9] on ! easel1 & aft] putt+ 9 ! cl\d effect take ! *amois block 9 y\r left h&1 &1 ) a tortillon /ump 9 y\r "r1 put 9 ! %ad[s 9 a /rong1 cle> & decid$ mann]4 ,comm5c+ on ! hair1 put 9 ! broad] %ad[s fir/1 work+ ! /ump 9 ! same direction t ! l9es ( ! hair g1 & endeavor to give ! s(t fl[ t ! hair %\ld h1 avoid+ mak+ l9es or any attempt to make individual hairs4 ,! eyebr[s %\ld !n be put 9 9 ! same way z ! hair1 c>e be+ tak5 to pres]ve ! =m2 !n ! eyes1 beg9n+ ) ! upp] lids1 putt+ 9 ! l9es betwe5 ! eye & ! lid1 & also ! second l9e =m+ ! lid4 ,d n l9e 9 ! l[] lid betwe5 ! eye & ! lid1 b put 9 ! "u l9e ( ! l[] lid4 ,next =m ! pupil1 plac+ x 9 ! c5tre ( ! iris1 mak+ x v d>k2 !n ! iris1 notic+ 9 p>ticul> t ! upp] lid ?r[s a %ad[ on ! top ( ! iris2 !n ! %ad+ ( ! nose & no/rils & %ad[s "u ! nose4 ,! m\? is ! next important feature1 &1 z !re are no decid$ l9es 9 x1 y mu/ put 9 none1 b h ! degrees ( light & %ade =m ! m\?4 ,beg9 ) ! corn]s1 & notice c>efully t "h lies ne>ly ! :ole expression ( ! l[] "p ( ! face2 next treat ! c5tral po9t ( ! lips & complete ! m\?2 !n make ! %ad[s ar\nd ! m\? & *91 aft] :i*1 put 9 ! e>s1 & !n model up ! face1 mak+ all ! %ad[s broad & decid$1 leav+ ! details = ! f9i%+ t\*es1 b be+ c>eful 9 ! model+ to reta9 all ( ! values4 ,next put 9 ! clo!s ) ! l>ge /ump1 sweep+ x g5tly across ! lights 9 diff]5t directions1 all[+ ! l9es to cross ea* o!r occasionally4 ,c>efully pres]ve ! =m 9 ?is1 giv+ ! prop] %ape to ! lapels ( ! coat or folds 9 ! dress1 & to ! arms4 ,avoid detail & d n c>ry ! clo!s z f> d[n z y want !m to %[ 9 ! f9i%$ picture4 ,lace "w %\ld n h too mu* detail1 b be made some:at indi/9ct2 only %[ a few ( ! =ms out %>p & def9$1 giv+ ! patt]n4 ,,l9e ,,effect4 ,?is c be produc$ 9 crayon portraits made ov] a photographic enl>gem5t1 or 9 free-h& crayons aft] ! fill+ 9 j describ$ has be5 done4 ,! l9es are drawn to cross "o ano!r s z to leave diamond %ap$ spaces4 ,"o ( ! important ?+s 9 ?is /yle ( f9i%+ is ! l9e ( direction1 by :i* is meant ! l9es or gra9s t repres5t ! object to be drawn4 ,we say t wood is cross-gra9$1 mean+ t ! gra9s or fib]s ( ! wood run crosswise4 ,if we 7 to repres5t a /raight bo>d 9 crayon draw+1 we w\ld draw /raight l9es runn+ l5g?wise ( ! bo>d1 unless x %\ld h "s cross-gra9$ places 9 x1 z t is ! way ! gra9 ( ! bo>d w\ld be4 ,if we %\ld take ! same bo>d & b5d x 9 ! =m ( a circle1 we w\ld 9 ord] to repres5t ! bo>d 9 t position1 draw l9es runn+ 9 a circle to correspond ) ! gra9 & position ( ! bo>d4 ,! idea to be impress$ is1 t :5 we want to repres5t an object ) crayon & t object is flat1 we draw /raight l9es to repres5t its surface2 & :5 ! object is r\nd or p>tly s1 we draw curv$ l9es1 con=m+ !m to ! surface ( ! object4 ,light & %ade 9 nature h ea* _! diff]5t qualities4 ,light expresses =m :ile %ade obscures x2 consequ5tly1 9 ! light places ( an object we w see its gra9 or texture1 & t gra9 or texture w gradually become obscur$ z x ent]s ! %ad[ until x is entirely lo/ 9 ! deepe/ %ad[s4 ,?is gra9 w n %[ 9 nature z decid$ :]e ! /ronge/ lights are z x w 9 ! half %ad[s2 &1 !re=e1 9 ! crayon repres5tation ! gra9 effect %\ld %[ m decid$ 9 ! half %ad[s4 ,if y\r crayon is n true 9 ?is respect1 x w appe> co>se & fail to please z a "w ( art on acc\nt ( its falsity to nature4 ,! l9e effect is produc$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole picture1 9 ! backgr\nd1 face & dress4 ,,/ipple ,,effect ,on a photographic enl>gem5t or a free-h& crayon aft] ! outl9e & masses ( light & %ade h be5 made ) ! tortillon /ump1 z expla9$ on page #ee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l9es ,,to ,,produce ,,! ,,/ipple ,,effect4 ,f ! ,annual ,encyclop$ia4 ,copyright$1 #ahia1 by ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 ,:5 putt+ 9 a backgr\nd ) ! pumice /one z describ$ 9 ! f\r? me?od on page #gj1 treat ! :ole surface ( ! pap] ) pumice /one 9 ord] to raise ! gra9 ( ! pap]1 b g ov] ! face lightly4 ,!n place ! /ra9] on :i* ! portrait is m\nt$ on ! easel1 & put 9 ! %ad[s ) ! tortillon /ump1 produc+ ! lights ) ! eras]2 f9i% ) ! ,no4 #j crayon4 ,b in/ead ( produc+ a diamond effect1 z y did ) ! l9es1 y n[ want to h a /ipple effect1 :i* is t ( small black & :ite spots2 ! pap] produc+ ! :ite spots1 & ! crayon ! black ones4 ,to produce ?is make ! l9es 9 ! %ad[s & half-%ad[s1 b n 9 ! light places1 9 ! mann] %[n 9 ! illu/ration on ! foll[+ page2 in/ead ( cross+ !m to =m diamonds1 us+ %ort l9es & v>y+ _! direction & int]section ) ref]5ce to ! ultimate effect2 !n rub !m ) ! end ( ! f+]4 ,9 f9i%+1 gradually divide up all ! small light p>ts ) ! p5cil & ! d>k ) ! eras]3 if x is necess>y at any "t to rub ! crayon1 use ! end ( ! f+] in/ead ( ! cotton4 ,be c>eful n to get too mu* crayon on ! pap]1 t is1 y mu/ n =ce up or be compell$ to make ! %ad[s too d>k by ! use ( ! crayon2 !y %\ld be made z d>k z necess>y ) ! /ump be=e f9i%+4 ,%\ld y f9d 9 f9i%+ t !y are n d>k en\gh1 use ! /ump to make !m d>k]1 z ! p5cil is only int5d$ to give ! /ipple effect1 & %\ld be us$ 9 a v light & delicate way4 ,cont9ue ! process ( f9i%+ accord+ to ! directions h]eaft] giv5 = bromide enl>gem5ts4 ,! =ego+ illu/ration is ! fir/ or gr\nd "w = ! /ipple effect produc$ by ! aid ( ! f+]s4 ,to obta9 ?is effect )\t rubb+ ) ! f+]s1 make small black dots1 in/ead ( ! l9es %[n above1 until ! desir$ effect is produc$4 ,! latt] me?od results 9 a co>s] /ipple effect1 b x requires a mu* long] "t & is m difficult ?an ! =m]4 ,,backgr\nds--,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples4 ,always comm5ce ! portrait by putt+ 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,among ! f\r diff]5t me?ods :i* ,i h giv51 ! /ud5t c make 8 own selection4 ,= myself1 ,i pref] ! la/ two m5tion$4 ,!re c be no def9ite rule giv5 = ! lights & %ad[s 9 ! backgr\nds1 z e portrait w ne$ a *>act]i/ic backgr\nd adapt$ to ! subject4 ,!re %\ld always be a nice disposition ( light & %ade1 ! light com+ aga9/ ! d>k side ( ! face & ! d>k aga9/ ! light side1 & g5]ally a ca/ %ad[4 ,:at ?is is may be le>n$ by sett+ a ca/ 7or any o!r object7 ne> ! wall1 lett+ ! light /rike x at an angle ( #ij degrees1 & notic+ ! size & position ( ! %ad[ ?r[n on ! wall4 ,! ca/ %ad[ 9 y\r backgr\nd mu/ n be too ne> ! head1 z simplicity %\ld be "o ( ! pr9ciples ( ! backgr\nd1 & ?is c only be atta9$ by bread? ( light & %ade4 ,! backgr\nd is ( second>y importance1 & %\ld n intrude itself on ! portrait 9 its effect ( l9es or light & %ade4 ,backgr\nds = half or full l5g? figures ne$ especial /udy 9 _! effect ( l9es1 & "o :o int5ds to succe$ 9 mak+ !m prop]ly %\ld /udy l9e> composition 9 ,burnet's essay on ,composition1,a especially ! foll[+ passages4 ,composition is ! art ( arrang+ figures or objects s z to adapt !m to any p>ticul> subject4 ,9 composition f\r requisites are necess>y--t ! /ory be well told1 t x possess a good g5]al =m1 t x be s arrang$ z to be capable ( receiv+ a prop] effect ( light & %ade1 & t x be susceptible ( an agreeable disposition ( color4 ,! =m ( a composition is be/ sugge/$ by ! subject or design1 z ! fitness ( ! adaptation ought to appe> to emanate f ! circum/ances !mselves2 h5ce ! v>iety ( compositions4 ,to secure a good g5]al =m 9 composition1 x is necess>y t x %\ld be z simple z possible4 ,:e!r ?is is to be produc$ by a bread? ( light & %ade1 :i* is (t5 ! case ) ,rembr&t1 ev5 on a mo/ complicat$ outl9e1 or by ! simple arrangem5t ( color1 z we (t5 f9d 9 ,titian1 or by ! con/ruction ( ! gr\p1 evid5t 9 _m ( ,raphael's works1 mu/ dep5d ^u ! ta/e ( ! arti/4 ,x is suffici5t to direct ! y\ng] /ud5ts to ?is p>ticul>1 _! m9ds be+ g5]ally c>ri$ away by notions ( v>iety & contra/s4 ,9 giv+ a few examples ( composition1 ,i h conf9$ myself to ! f\r simple & pr9cipal =ms1 n only f _! be+ mo/ palpable1 b also f _! possess+ a decid$ "*1 :i* is at all times desirable4 ,to ^? :o imag9e t su* rules t5d to fett] g5ius1 ,i %all m]ely quote ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 ^: works1 if prop]ly und]/ood1 r5d] all o!r writ+s on ! subject ( pa9t+ sup]flu\s3 ',x mu/ ( necessity be t ev5 works ( g5ius1 l e o!r effect1 z !y mu/ h _! causes1 mu/ likewise h _! rules4 ,x _c be by *ance t excell5cies are produc$ ) any con/ancy or any c]ta9ty1 = ?is is n ! nature ( *ance2 b ! rules by :i* m5 ( extraord9>y po9ts1 & su* z are call$ m5 ( g5ius1 "w1 are ei!r su* z !y discov] by _! own peculi> obs]vations1 or are ( su* nice texture z n easily to admit be+ express$ 9 words2 especially z arti/s are n v frequ5tly skillful 9 t mode ( communicat+ ideas4 ,unsub/antial1 h[ev]1 z ^! rules may seem1 & difficult z x may be to convey !m 9 writ+1 !y are /ill se5 & felt 9 ! m9d ( ! arti/1 & he works f !m ) z mu* c]ta9ty z if !y 7 embodi$1 z ,i may say1 ^u pap]4 ,x is true ^! ref9$ pr9ciples _c be always palpable1 l ! m gross rules ( art1 yet x does n foll[ b t ! m9d may be put 9 su* a tra9 t x %all p]ceive1 by a k9d ( sci5tific s5se1 t propriety :i* words1 p>ticul>ly words ( unpractis$ writ]s su* z we are1 c b v feebly sugge/4' 7,six? ,disc\rse74 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,a3 ,essays on ,art1 by ,john ,burnet1 ,new ,york1 ,e4 ,l4 ,wilson4 ,,fir/ ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,,! ,,backgr\nd--,,/ump ,,effect4 ,to produce ! /ump effect1 rub ! *amois block 9 ! box ( crayon sauce1 & !n ) ! l>ge grey pap] /ump comm5ce by putt+ 9 ! d>ke/ p>ts & ! ca/ %ad[4 ,use ! broad end ( ! /ump1 mov+ x ov] ! surface ( ! pap] ) an ev5 & uni=m pressure1 s t y w n make any d>k spots4 ,make broad l9es & h !m cross ea* o!r s z to =m diamond %ap$ spaces1 us+ consid]able c>e & a v light t\* 9 ! light] places4 ,f9i% ) ! l>ge rubb] eras]1 cutt+ x s t x w make :ite l9es ab\t ! same wid? z ! black l9es made ) ! /ump4 ,h ^! light l9es run into ! d>k ones 9 "s places1 & use ! rubb] s z to produce a da%+ effect4 ,,second ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,,! ,,backgr\nd4 ,take a h&ful ( cotton batt+1 rub x 9 ! box ( crayon sauce1 & !n on a piece ( pap] be=e apply+ x to ! crayon pap] to make ! backgr\nd1 be+ c>eful to avoid rubb+ h>d] 9 "s places ?an o!rs1 z d>k spots are likely to be caus$ 9 t way4 ,comm5ce by rubb+ 9 close to ! face & "w out t[>ds ! edge ( ! pap]4 ,let ! d>ke/ "p be close/ to ! face1 %ad+ out 9 ! =m ( a circle ab\t six or eight in*es f ! face1 accord+ to ! subject1 ! upp] l9e ( ! arc com+ a little above ! head4 ,!n make ! ca/ %ad[ & f9i% ) ! l>ge rubb] eras]1 putt+ ! lights1 or cl\d effect1 z x is call$1 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,:5 do+ ?is1 place ! /ra9] high en\gh on ! easel to br+ ! c5tre ( ! picture on a level ) y\r eyes1 !n /&+ 9 front ( x & ab\t six feet (f1 decide ^u y\r plan ( light & %ade4 ,aft] y h put 9 ! fir/ ( ! lights1 /ep back to ! =m] position1 & see if x gives ! prop] effect4 ,cont9ue ?is me?od ( work+ until ! backgr\nd is entirely complet$4 ,,?ird ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,,! ,,backgr\nd--,,l9e ,,effect4 ,) ! cotton & crayon sauce z 9 ! prec$+ me?od1 put 9 ! d>k places & ca/ %ad[1 b n z d>k z y want !m :5 f9i%$2 !n ) ! crayon po9t ,no4 #b put 9 ?ree sets ( l9es ?us3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,backgr\nd4 ,,l9e ,,effect4 ,f ! ,annual ,encyclop$ia4 ,copyright$1 #ahia1 by ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 ,d n c>ry out ! l9es z f> z ! backgr\nd w ext5d :5 f9i%$4 ,! l9es %\ld be "o-qu>t] ( an in* ap>t 9 life-size portraits1 & a little clos] 9 small] sizes4 ,z a rule ! l9es are a little fur!r ap>t 9 ! backgr\nd ?an 9 ! face4 ,^! l9es ne$ n be horizontal1 cross$ by oblique ones at obtuse angles1 b !y c be curv$ l9es1 if desir$1 provid$ !y cross ea* o!r s z to leave diamond %ap$ spaces4 ,aft] ! l9es are 9 rub a piece ( clean cotton ov] !m all1 us+ pressure en\gh to subdue !m to ! degree ( indi/9ctness desir$2 !n f9i% ) ! l>ge eras] & crayon po9t ,no4 #b1 putt+ 9 ! cl\d effect4 ,su* l9es z %[ too prom95tly y subdue ) ! nigrivor9e eras]4 ,if !re are any light places1 make !m d>k ) ! crayon4 ,! backgr\nd %\ld be v indi/9ct on ! edges1 & be vignett$ 9 ! %ape ( an oblong1 hav+ "s v light cl\ds above & on ei!r side ( ! head4 ,let !re be a nice contra/ betwe5 ! face & ! backgr\nd1 hav+ light come aga9/ d>k & d>k aga9/ light2 t is1 :5 "o side ( ! face is d>k & "o side light1 h ! backgr\nd light aga9/ ! d>k side1 & d>k aga9/ ! light side2 :5 light & %ade are ab\t equal on bo? sides ( ! face1 h ! backgr\nd ab\t ! same %ade on bo? sides1 )\t too decid$ a ca/ %ad[4 ,if y h a subject t has gray hair1 h ! backgr\nd d>k] ?an x w\ld be o!rwise4 ,! backgr\nd %\ld nev] be d>k] at any place ?an ! %ad[s 9 ! face1 & close to ! face x mu/ be a %ade betwe5 ! light & half %ad[s4 ,nev] resort to ! practice ( leav+ ! backgr\nd :ite1 z ?is w only give a h>d1 /iff appe>ance4 ,clean (f ! outside edges ( ! backgr\nd ) a clean piece ( cotton & ! pumice /one4 ,,f\r? ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,,! ,,backgr\nd--,,/ipple ,,effect4 ,lay a piece ( manilla pap] on ! table ab\t twelve in*es l>g] on ea* edge ?an y\r /ra9]1 plac+ ! /ra9] on x face up2 rub a h&ful ( cotton batt+ fir/ 9 ! crayon sauce & !n on ! manilla pap] to remove any =eign sub/ance4 ,!n apply ! cotton ) a circul> motion to ! crayon pap] to make ! backgr\nd desir$4 ,next spr9kle ! pulv]iz$ pumice /one ov] ! entire backgr\nd1 & g ov] ?is ) ! f+]s 9 a circul> movem5t1 us+ !m flat f ! second jo9t to ! ends2 !n lift ! /ra9] up1 &1 re/+ x on ! edge1 j> (f all ! pumice /one1 & :5 ?is is done1 lay x d[n aga9 & rub x (f ) a clean piece ( cotton4 ,n[ rub ! f+]s 9 ! crayon sauce1 keep+ !m flat s t x w adh]e ev5ly to !m1 & g ov] ! backgr\nd lightly z :5 rubb+ 9 ! pumice /one & y w produce a nice /ipple effect4 ,f9ally1 place ! /ra9] on ! easel1 & f9i% accord+ to ! directions giv5 = f9i%+ crayons made on bromide enl>gem5ts4 ,( c\rse x w ne$ consid]able exp]i5ce be=e y c succe$ 9 do+ ?is p]fectly1 b pati5ce & p]sev]ance w ultimately accompli% ! desir$ end4 ,!re are two matt]s ( importance to be borne 9 m9d 9 mak+ ^! backgr\nds--fir/1 d n h any small1 h>d pieces ( crayon on ! cotton :5 y rub x on ! pap]1 & second1 use ! f+]s 9 z flat a position z possible1 = if y d n h !m flat d[n on ! pap] y are likely to make d>k spots 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,,face--,,l9e ,,effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l9e ,,effect ,,= ,,face4 ,f ! ,annual ,encyclop$ia4 ,copyright$1 #ahia1 by ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 ,comm5ce on ! hair ) ! crayon po9t ,no4 #b1 & put 9 all ! %ad[s & half-%ad[s1 c>efully pres]v+ ! l9es ( direction1 b avoid work+ ov] ! lights m ?an necess>y2 !n ) ! crayon po9t ,no4 #a /r5g!n all ! %ad[s ab\t ! eyebr[s1 ! eyes1 ! m\?1 ! *9 & ! e>s4 ,next put ! l9es 9 ! face4 ,! foll[+ illu/ration %[s ! l9es be=e !y are rubb$4 ,x w be well to rememb] t only two sets ( l9es are us$ 9 ! face1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 & ! same numb] 9 ! dress1 :ile !re are ?ree sets requir$ 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! l9es 9 ! face %\ld be a little clos] ?an ^? 9 ! backgr\nd1 :ile ^? 9 ! dress are ab\t ! same z ^? 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,9 ! effect ( ! l9es 9 ! face lie ! *ief m]it & beauty ( ?is me?od ( crayon "w4 ,:5 prop]ly drawn1 ! l9es repres5t & give ! gra9 ( ! fle% 9 a v beautiful brok5 effect4 ,!y are drawn s z to leave spaces %ap$ l diamonds1 b 9 ! f9i%+ %\ld be s treat$ z to lose _! regul>ity1 & to h ! effect ( brok5 diamonds4 ,if y w exam9e ! back ( ! wri/ jo9t :5 y\r h& is b5t slightly backw>d1 y w see m cle>ly :at is meant by ! t]m brok5 diamonds 9 ! slight ridges :i* %[ ! gra9 ( ! fle%4 ,beg9 ) ! =ehead1 us+ ! crayon po9t ,no4 #a1 & put 9 "o set ( l9es /raight across1 b curv+ d[nw>ds z ! =ehead comm5ces to r\nd (f t[>ds ! hair at ! sides2 !n "o m set ( l9es 9 ! direction t w produce ! diamond spaces1 cont9u+ ^! two sets ( l9es ?r\gh\t ! face4 ,^! l9es int]sect+ at ! prop] angles w indicate ! gra9 ( ! fle%1 if ! l9e ( direction be c>efully foll[$4 ,rememb]+ t ! face is n a flat surface1 make ! l9es d>k] 9 ! %ad[s & light] z !y approa* ! lights4 ,! high lights on ! =ehead1 ! nose1 ! highe/ po9t ( ! *91 & ar\nd ! m\?1 %\ld1 h[ev]1 h no l9es ov] !m4 ,hav+ put 9 ^! l9es take a small h&ful ( cotton1 & rub ! hair & face ov] bo? ! high lights & %ad[s1 ! motion foll[+ ! l9e ( direction2 t is1 be+ /raight across ! =ehead1 curv+ t[>ds ! hair at ! sides1 & circul> on ! *eeks4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ n to rub too h>d1 x be+ a common fault ( ! beg9n] to rub ! pap] too mu*1 & produce a dirty effect4 ,! l9es %\ld be m]ely rubb$ until !y are some:at blurr$ & indi/9ct4 ,rememb] t ! crayon portrait is made on ! surface ( ! pap]1 & n rubb$ into x4 ,aft] x has ?us be5 treat$ ) ! cotton1 g ov] ! %ad[s ) ! crayon po9t ,no4 #a1 & rub aga9 ) ! cotton4 ,! face ( ! crayon w n[ be ab\t ?ree %ades d>k] 9 ! lights ?an x %\ld be :5 f9i%$1 & n q d>k en\gh 9 ! %ad[s4 ,f9i% x ) ! ,no4 #j crayon & nigrivor9e eras]1 us+ ! latt] :]ev] a light] effect is requir$2 also break up ! regul>ity ( ! diamond spaces1 & :5ev] a l9e %[s too prom95tly subdue x ) ! eras]4 ,if y w\ld succe$ 9 mak+ good crayon portraits1 x w be necess>y = y to cultivate a light t\* ) ! crayon 9 f9i%+4 ,! eras] is "o ( ! pr9cipal in/rum5ts employ$ 9 mak+ crayon portraits1 & is us$ ! same z if x 7 a crayon p5cil1 t is1 on t pr9ciple1 ! diff]5ce be+ t y make :ite l9es ) x in/ead ( black ones4 ,keep ! eras] to a %>p po9t 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 take a piece ( em]y pap] ab\t ?ree in*es squ>e1 & place x 9 ! left h& betwe5 ! index & second f+]s1 hold+ ! f+]s ab\t half an in* ap>t1 & b5d+ ! pap] to fit betwe5 !m2 !n rub ! eras] 9 ! crease ?us =m$1 hold+ x at an acute angle4 ,sometimes x is necess>y to %>p5 ! eras] ) a knife or a pair ( scissors be=e rubb+ x on ! em]y pap]4 ,9 work+ ) ! eras] on ! crayon pap] d n rub h>d en\gh to remove all ! crayon f ! surface ( ! pap]1 except 9 produc+ ! high lights & ! :ite ( drap]y4 ,notice 9 p>ticul> 9 f9i%+ ! hair t :]e x t\*es ! =ehead !re are no l9es1 z ! light & %ade %\ld bl5d toge!r s nicely z to leave no decid$ l9e betwe5 !m4 ,,dress--,,l9e ,,effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l9e ,,effect ,,= ,,dress4 ,f ! ,annual ,encyclop$ia4 ,copyright$1 #ahia1 by ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 ,! above illu/ration repres5ts ! effect ( ! l9es 9 ! dress4 ,9 putt+ !m 9 let e fold1 sleeve & lapel h l9es ( its own1 t is1 l9es diff]+ 9 direction s z to discrim9ate x f ! o!r p>ts ( ! clo?+4 ,^! di/9ctive l9es w lose !mselves 9 ! wr9kles1 9 %ad[s1 & 9 ! next fold1 :]e ! l9es w h a diff]5t direction4 ,! illu/ration is v crude1 z x %[s ! l9es be=e !y are rubb$ ) cotton2 aft] t process !y h q a diff]5t appe>ance4 ,9 m5's clo?+ ! l9es may be drawn a little f>!r ap>t ?an 9 ! treatm5t ( ! f9] texture ( ladies' g>m5ts4 ,aft] y h put 9 ! l9es ) ! crayon po9t ,no4 #b1 g ov] !m ) a piece ( cotton previ\sly rubb$ 9 ! crayon sauce1 & !n complete ?is "p ( ! "w by ! use ( a dull eras] = ! small] lights1 & ! *amois = ! broad lights4 ,! crayon is n[ 9 good condition = f9i%+1 :i* y w proce$ to d by ! use ( ,no4 #j ,conte crayon & ! nigrivor9e eras]1 s(t5+ ! lights ) ! =m] & ! %ad[s ) ! latt]1 until y h ! :ole portrait subdu$1 & no decid$ l9es ( light & %ade4 ,( c\rse ?r\gh\t ^! processes y mu/ pay close att5tion to all ! *>act]i/ic po9ts 9 ! lik5ess1 s t ! crayon w be a true & life-l reproduction4 ,d n sit too close to ! crayon 9 f9i%+2 if y d1 y w be disappo9t$ :5 y come to look at x f a slight di/ance1 & w n f9d at all t en*antm5t :i* di/ance is said to l5d to ! view1 z ! crayon w disclose a spotty effect1 & too great a contra/ betwe5 ! lights & %ad[s4 ,,bromide ,,crayons4 ,9 ! bromide enl>gem5t1 :ile ! pap] has to und]go all ! diff]5t manipulations ( developm5t1 fix+ & wa%+1 t ! plat9um & silv] enl>gem5ts d1 yet ! gelat9 is n remov$1 &1 :5 dry1 rema9s z a /rong siz+ to ! surface ( ! pap]--9 fact1 s /rong1 t 9 "s ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( bromide pap] ! surface is v ne>ly z h>d z glass1 &1 !re=e1 ! crayon _c be us$ ^u x ) good results until x has receiv$ a special treatm5t1 z ! crayon w\ld only make a black scrat*y m>k4 ,x has be5 said t ! bromide pap] & enl>gem5t 7 entirely diff]5t f ! plat9um or silv] enl>gem5t & ! crayon pap]4 ,:ile !re is n z mu* diff]5ce betwe5 ! bromide & o!r enl>gem5ts z !re is betwe5 ! =m] & ! crayon pap]1 !re %\ld be ?is diff]5ce3 ! silv] or plat9um enl>gem5t %\ld only be pr9t$ /rong en\gh to give ! =m & ! l>g] details 9 ! negative1 :ile ! bromide enl>gem5t mu/ be z ne>ly a p]fect photograph z c be produc$ f ! negative4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,crayon ,,execut$ ,,ov] ,a ,,bromide ,,enl>gem5t ,,made ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,negative--,,/ipple ,,effect ,,?r\gh\t4 ,,by ,j4 ,a4 ,,b>hydt4 ,f ! fact t1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! surface ( ! pap]1 !re _c be z mu* crayon put on ! bromide enl>gem5t z on ! o!r k9ds ( pap]1 & t1 !re=e1 x _c be /r5g!n$ to ! same degree 9 ! %ad[s )\t spoil+ ! nice transp>5t effect t a bromide %\ld h !re1 x foll[s t ! be/ bromide crayons are ^? on :i* ! lea/ crayon is us$ to produce ! desir$ effect4 ,! bromide pap]1 on acc\nt ( ! gelat9 surface1 w n take ! crayon f ! /ump z readily z ! o!r k9ds ( pap]2 b aft] ! surface has be5 treat$ ) ! pumice /one ?is objection is remov$1 & ! pap] c be work$ on ) ! /ump readily4 ,i c say f my own exp]i5ce1 t = produc+ a crayon ov] a photographic enl>gem5t ) ! /ipple effect1 x has no equal 9 ! beauty ( f9i% & rapidity ( execution4 ,! illu/ration fac+ ?is page 0 made f a crayon execut$ ov] a bromide enl>gem5t f ! orig9al negative4 ,bett] results c always be rea*$ 9 a bromide enl>gem5t :5 x is ?us made f ! orig9al negative4 ,! /ud5t w notice 9 p>ticul> ! /ipple effect 9 ! reproduction4 ,,f9i%+ ,,bromide ,,enl>gem5ts4 ,exam9e ! enl>gem5t m\nt$ on ! /ra9]1 look+ at x f ! side1 to le>n if !re is any />* on ! surface ( ! pap] be=e comm5c+ "w on x4 ,if !re is any1 c>efully wa% x (f ) a sponge & "s clean wat]1 & !n set ! enl>gem5t aside until x has ?or\ghly dri$4 ,!n lay x d[n on ! table ) a piece ( manilla pap] "u ! /ra9] ab\t #ab in*es long] on ea* edge ?an ! latt]2 take a h&ful ( cotton1 fir/ rubb+ x ?or\ghly 9 ! crayon sauce1 !n on ! manilla pap]1 & f9ally go+ ov] ! surface ( ! enl>gem5t ) x 9 a circul> motion4 ,!n spr9kle pumice /one ov] ! portrait1 & us+ ! ends ( ! f+]s flat1 rub x ov] ! entire surface ( ! pap]4 ,?is treatm5t cuts ?r\gh ! gelat9 surface & prep>es x = ! /ipple effect4 ,n[ /& ! /ra9] on its edge & j> ! pumice /one (f1 aft] :i* lay x d[n on ! table1 & ) a piece ( clean cotton lightly bru% (f ! surface2 !n1 hav+ rubb$ ! f+] ends 9 ! crayon sauce1 g ov] ! entire surface ( ! enl>gem5t1 hold+ !m flat1 & y w produce a f9e /ipple effect4 ,if ! %ad[s ne$ to be d>k]1 use a little m crayon on ! f+]s2 also put ! ca/ %ad[ 9 ! backgr\nd1 apply+ ! crayon ) ! f+]s4 ,be=e proce$+ fur!r x w be well to note t ! crayon is entirely on ! gelat9 surface1 & t ! photographic image is on ?is surface also1 & n on ! pap] itself2 !re=e1 "u ! image & ! gelat9 y h ! pure :ite pap]4 ,i call att5tion to ?is 9 ord] t y may "w ) a bett] compreh5sion ( ! mat]ials y are us+4 ,y n[ h f\r surfaces4 ,fir/1 ! musl9 clo? ( ! /ra9]2 second1 ! />*2 ?ird1 ! :ite pap]2 f\r?1 ! gelat94 ,kn[+ t ! gelat9 has a h>d surface1 y are prep>$ to le>n t ! crayon w come (f f ! bromide mu* m easily ?an f ! o!r k9ds ( pap]4 ,^! _h b ?ree surfaces1 :ile ! bromide has a f\r?--a v h>d "o--betwe5 ! crayon & ! pap]1 & on acc\nt ( its h>dness x w ne$ diff]5t treatm5t 9 its manipulation4 ,!re=e y use ! f+]s 9 apply+ ! crayon sauce1 &1 :5 x is necess>y to make a place light1 y d s ) ! cotton1 *amois or eras]4 ,%\ld y f9d x necess>y to make a place :ite :]e x is d>k1 y c remove ! photograph entirely1 z ?is is on ! gelat91 scrap+ x (f d[n to ! :ite pap] ) a %>p knife4 ,resum+ ! process ( f9i%+1 place ! enl>gem5t on ! easel & put 9 ! cl\d effect ) ! l>ge eras]1 !n lay x on ! table aga91 & clean x (f ab\t f\r in*es f ! edge all ar\nd ) pumice /one & a fre% piece ( cotton :]e y h rubb$ ) ! eras]1 & bl5d ! backgr\nd into ?is f\r in* space4 ,return ! enl>gem5t to ! easel aga91 & ) ! broad eras] clean up ! lights ?r\gh\t1 & ) ! cotton & pumice /one bl5d !m into ! %ad[s2 !n ) ! pe]less /ump1 crayon sauce & f+]s /r5g!n ! l>g] %ad[s1 us+ ! nigrivor9e eras] :5 necess>y to clean up ! lights1 & ! tortillon /ump = ! "w 9 ! small] %ad[s1 if x is requir$ to make !m d>k]4 ,n[ ) ! ,no4 #j crayon f9i% ! face by complet+ ! /ipple effect 9 ! pat*es ( light & %ade4 ,y w h a good guide 9 ! backgr\nd = f9i%+ & giv+ ! /ipple effect1 z !re y w h ?is /ipple effect q p]fect1 especially 9 ! light places4 ,?is f9i%+ ) ! ,no4 #j crayon is ! nice/ "p ( ! "w1 & :5 do+ x y mu/ keep 9 m9d t y are putt+ 9 ! /ipple effect1 & t alone2 t is1 ! portrait at ?is /age is suppos$ to be v ne>ly "r 9 light & %ade & expression1 & x %\ld n be necess>y to /r5g!n x 9 ! %ad[s by us+ ! ,no4 #j crayon4 ,y are to cut up or divide ! portrait into small black & :ite spots1 b d n take out :ite spots ) ! ,no4 #j crayon t are l>g] ?an ! :ite spots desir$ 9 ! /ipple effect2 ^! light places mu/ be cut into small] light spots4 ,if y %\ld take out ^! :ite spots 7& ?is is an error y mu/ be v c>eful to avoid71 y w\ld produce an effect ( l>ge d>k & :ite spots t w\ld be entirely wrong1 ! real process be+ to divide l>ge :ite & d>k spots into small] ones ( ! same color4 ,?is /ipple effect %\ld be work$ all ov] ! face ) ! exception ( ! highe/ lights1 & ev5 ^! w v (t5 ne$ to be work$ ov] except at ! s+le po9ts ( ! v highe/ lights4 ,9 ?is "w y n[ h an opportunity to demon/rate ! !ory ( contra/4 ,sometimes ! enl>gem5t is too d>k 9 ! %ad[s1 & al?\gh y require to h !m light] y h already remov$ all ! crayon f ! surface1 & x /ill rema9s too d>k4 ,! crayon p5cil is _m %ades d>k] & black] ?an ! %ad[s1 yet y c by its use make !m light] by putt+ 9 ! /ipple effect1 z ! d>k t\*es ( ! p5cil 9 _! contra/ ) ! %ad[ color "u !m cause !m to appe> light]4 ,?is is a v ess5tial pr9ciple to rememb] 9 crayon portrait "w3 t ! effect ( d>k aga9/ light is to make ! light appe> light]1 & ! d>k d>k]4 ,aft] ! face & hair are complet$ z above1 !n f9i% ! clo!s ) ! pe]less /ump1 eras] & f+]s4 ,if !re are any v d>k /rong %ad[s--= in/ance1 "u ! coll> or ar\nd ! neck--put !m 9 ) ! vel\rs crayon & subdue !m ) ! f+]s4 ,:5 at "w on ! clo!s at ! bottom ( ! portrait d n f9i% /raight across1 b 9 a circul> way4 ,next tak+ up ! backgr\nd y w discov] t !re are "s l>ge pat*es ( light & %ade t mu/ be *ang$ & made ! requir$ color to correspond ) ! adjo9+ surface2 lean back z f> z possible 9 y\r *air1 & jo9 ^! places toge!r ) ! p5cil & eras]2 !n 9 ! same position f9i% ! face by remov+ any light or d>k places1 /r5g!n+ ! eyes1 nose1 m\?1 & any po9t ( ! lik5ess requir+ a f9al t\*4 ,remove ) ! po9t ( y\r knife any small black spots su* z sometimes %[ 9 ! photograph1 & !n ) a fre% piece ( cotton & pumice /one clean (f ! edges ( ! crayon all ar\nd4 ,be=e reg>d+ ! picture z q complete1 exam9e x by hold+ x at "r angles to ! light1 to see if !re are n "s m>ks ( ! crayon p5cil t %[ too prom95tly4 ,^! c be subdu$ ) ! ends ( ! f+]s4 ,sometimes 9 f9i%+ ) ! ,no4 #j crayon ! pap] w seem to be gritty s t y c h>dly "w on x4 ,! difficulty is t "s ( ! pumice /one has adh]$ to ! surface ( ! pap]4 ,?is c be dispos$ ( by rubb+ x ) ! f+]s4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! pumice /one mu/ be entirely remov$ f ! :ole surface ( ! pap]1 z o!rwise x w settle 9 ! crayon1 & give a dirty gray effect4 ,:51 z sometimes happ5s 9 comm5c+ ! portrait1 d>k or :ite spots or /reaks %[ !mselves1 d n pay any att5tion to !m until y h entirely f9i%$ ! crayon1 !n if !y are d>k1 make !m ! prop] %ade ) ! eras]1 & if light1 ) ! crayon4 ,,mono*romes4,b ,^! are portraits 9 "o color on porcela91 glass or any h>d mat]ial t has fir/ be5 coat$ ) gelat9 & !n photograph$ on4 ,fir/ treat ! :ole surface ) pumice /one z direct$ = ! bromide pap]1 aft]w>ds g ov] x ) ! crayon & cotton4 ,!n put 9 ! cl\d effect 9 ! backgr\nd1 & clean (f ! lights 9 ! face1 hair1 & clo!s ) ! eras]2 next put 9 ! half-%ad[s ) ! pe]less /ump2 !n ) a solution ( ,india ink d>k5 ! /rong] %ad[s ?r\gh\t ! portrait--9 ! eyes1 nose1 m\? & eyebr[s1 & f9ally 9 ! hair4 ,f9i% ! face ) ! ,no4 #j crayon & ! #d ,h4 ,fab]'s lead p5cil accord+ to directions giv5 = f9i%+ bromide enl>gem5ts4 ,! ,fab] p5cil is us$ almo/ exclusively ?r\gh\t ! face4 ,v nice effects ( /rong light c be made on porcela9 by scrap+ ?r\gh ! gelat9 surface ) ! knife4 ,?is process is specially adapt$ to mak+ pictures ( small] size1 say #ajab1 or #aaad in*es1 z x produces a v s(t & delicate effect4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,b3 ,= photographic process1 see ! ,am]ican ,annual ( ,photography & ,photographic ,times ,almanac1 #ahhh4 ,,values4 ,! matt] ( values ent]s into ! ess5tial quality ( e "w ( art1 & especially ( a portrait4 ,x is ! tru? ( _! r5d]+ t w give a fai?ful lik5ess4 ,by ! t]m values is meant ! relations ( light & %ade to ea* o!r4 ,?is subject has be5 s admirably treat$ by ,john ,burnet 9 8 essay entitl$ ,practical ,h9ts on ,light & ,%ade1,c t ,i give 8 obs]vations on ?is po9t4 ,be=e proce$+ to inve/igate light & %ade 9 _! v>i\s intricate relations1 x may be prop] to notice a few ( ! m palpable & self-evid5t comb9ations2 & = ! bett] compreh5d+ ( :i* ,i %all divide !m into five p>ts1 viz43 ,light1 half-light1 middle t9t1 half-d>k & d>k4 ,:5 a picture is *iefly compos$ ( light & half-light1 ! d>ks w h m =ce & po9t1 b )\t ! help ( /rong color to give x solidity x w be apt to look feeble1 & :5 a picture is compos$ ma9ly ( d>k & half-d>k ! lights w be m brilliant2 b !y w be apt to look spotty = want ( half-light to spread & connect !m1 & ! piece be 9 dang] ( becom+ black & heavy4 ,& :5 a picture is compos$ *iefly ( middle t9t1 ! d>k & light portions h a m equal *ance ( com+ into notice1 b ! g5]al effect is 9 dang] ( becom+ common & insipid4 ,light & %ade are capable ( produc+ _m results1 b ! ?ree pr9cipal are relief1 h>mony & bread?4 ,by ! fir/ ! arti/ is enabl$ to give 8 "w ! di/9ctness & solidity ( nature2 ! second is ! result ( a union & cem5t ( "o "p ) ano!r2 & ! ?ird1 a g5]al bread?1 is ! necess>y att5dant on ext5t & magnitude4 ,a judici\s managem5t ( ^! ?ree prop]ties is to be f\nd 9 ! be/ pictures ( ! ,italian1 ,v5etian & ,flemi% ,s*ools1 & ought to employ ! mo/ att5tive exam9ation ( ! /ud5t1 = by giv+ too mu* relief he w produce a dry h>d effect1 by too mu* s(tness & bl5d+ ( ! p>ts1 wool9ess & insipidity1 & 9 a desire to produce bread? ( effect he may produce flatness4 ,! /ud5t %\ld make a c>eful /udy ( ! values1 z ^u ^! w dep5d ! entire effect ( ! portrait & its fidelity z a lik5ess2 & ! abs5ce ( ^! qualities ( r5d]+ light & %ade are "o ( ! m>k$ features ( ! "w ( amateurs1 z !y are apt to make _! %ad[s too d>k & _! lights too light4 ,y %\ld comp>e ! portrait ) ! photograph y are work+ f1 & pres]ve ! same contra/s betwe5 ! lights & %ad[s 9 ord] to produce satisfactory results4 ,! be/ way ( exam9+ y\r "w is by ! use ( a mirror4 ,to ! /ud5t ! mirror is 8 be/ critic4 ,x is be=e ?is sil5t obs]v] t he submits 8 "w ) ! c]ta9ty ( receiv+ an hone/ criticism4 ,at e /ep ( y\r progress look at y\r "w 9 a good mirror1 z "h x is *ang$ ab\t1 ! left side be+ ! "r side1 & no error w escape detection4 ,sometimes y w see t :at appe>$ true 0 9 reality false1 :at seem$ graceful 9 cont\r 0 di/ort$2 "h an eye :i* y ?\ght 0 look+ at y q /raight n[ mocks y f ! glass 9 manife/ obliquity2 ! m\?1 :i* y ?\ght _h a pleasant expression1 n[ looks z disda9ful z c be4 ,& s all ?r\gh y\r "w y w be />tl$2 y w d\bt ! mirror4 ,d\bt x n2 y\r "w is false4 ,if y w be conv9c$ %[ x to "s compet5t arti/1 & he w confirm ! judgm5t ( ! imp>tial mirror4 ,exp]i5ce w soon tea* y to put su* reliance on its nev] caprici\s c\ncil t y w foll[ its sugge/ions implicitly1 &1 :5 y\r "w is alt]$1 ! result w satisfy y inv>iably1 t1 z ! prov]b says ( two heads1 s two images are bett] ?an "o4 ,:5 y h come to ?is conclusion !re is n a beauty ( eighte5 :o w consult h] glass 7?\gh x is true = a some:at light] purpose17 m eag]ly1 m dev\tly1 m frequ5tly1 or f9ally1 we hope1 ) m triumphant satisfaction ?an w y4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,c3 ,essays on ,art by ,john ,burnet1 ,new ,york1 ,edw>d ,l4 ,wilson4 ,,/udio4 ,! amateur is n to consid] ! selection ( 8 /udio or "w-room ( m9or importance2 ! p]spective1 color+1 & ! effect ( ! portrait w all dep5d1 9 a great measure1 ^u ! situation & dim5sions ( ! /udio4 ,x may be said 9 a g5]al way t ! l>g] ! ap>tm5t ! bett]4 ,to secure ! effect :i* x is ess5tial to produce1 !re %\ld be space en\gh left beh9d ! arti/ to p]mit him to /ep back f six to t5 or twelve feet to accurately view & see ! effect ( ! portrait4 ,i _c urge too /rongly ^u ! amateur ! usefulness ( frequ5tly view+ 8 "w f a di/ance4 ,i w\ld gladly save him ! disappo9tm5t & *agr9 :i* ,i h myself exp]i5c$1 :5 hav+ neglect$ ?is precaution1 ,i h q f9i%$ a portrait only to f9d x ?or\ghly unsatisfactory :5 look$ at f a great] di/ance ?an t at :i* ,i _h work$4 ,y %\ld *oose a room ) a nor? light if possible2 if t is n available !n "o ) a s\? light1 & ! room %\ld be z ne> ! top ( ! h\se z possible4 ,let ! light be arrang$ s z to /rike ! easel at an angle ( #ij degrees1 & if x is a side light d>k5 ! l[] half ( ! w9d[4 ,d n h ! side walls :ite1 !y %\ld be a neutral %ade2 r$di% is ! be/4 ,= "w ) wat] colors or ,india ink y ne$ a /&1 & be sure & set x s t ! light w be at y\r left :5 y "w4 ,keep ! /udio z free f du/ z possible1 & :5 y h f9i%$ work+ = ! day wa% y\r bru%es & place ! corks 9 ! wat] color bottles1 s z to exclude ! du/ f !m4 ,= crayon "w also set ! easel s t ! light is at ! left h&4 ,a ^w 9 reg>d to select+ mat]ials4 ,i h already spok5 9 reg>d to ! selection ( photographs = color+4 ,z to bru%es--camel's hair w co/ only ab\t a ?ird z mu* z sable1 & w answ] e purpose = beg9n]s2 ! f9e sable %\ld be procur$ aft] ! pupil has advanc$ suffici5tly4 ,9 *oos+ a bru% = wat] colors1 dip x 9 a cup ( wat] & draw x ov] ! edge ( ! cup2 if x has a little spr+ to x1 & comes to a po9t readily )\t any ( ! hair /raggl+1 x is all "r2 if n1 reject x4 ,w9sor & ,newton's ,*9ese ,:ite is ! be/ :ite pa9t4 ,= mix+ ! colors y c get a slant ) eight divisions1 or a ne/ ( sauc]s4 ,9 select+ glass = m\nt+ pictures *oose t :i* is free f bli/]s4 ,,fram+4 ,! foll[+ directions 9 reg>d to fram+ w1 ,i hope1 be f\nd advantage\s4 ,:5 fram+ ) a passep>t\t mat1 always use ,= a #afbj portrait an #ahbb frame1 #ahbb #bjbd #bjbd #bbbf #bdbi #becj ,i make a life-size portrait #becj on a #bdbi /ra9]4 ,! reason = us+ a l>g] frame ?an /ra9] is ?is3 t x inv>iably happ5s t ! head ( ! portrait w n come 9 exactly ! prop] place 9 ! op5+ ( ! passep>t\t1 & by hav+ ! frame two in*es l>g] ea* way y w be able to br+ ! head :]ev] desir$ 9 ?is op5+4 ,:5 plac+ ! picture 9 ! frame1 lay ! latt] face d[n on a table & put 9 ! glass1 :i* %\ld h be5 p]fectly clean$2 lay 9 ! passep>t\t & fa/5 x ) small brads4 ,!n lay ! crayon d[n on ! table face up & turn ! frame ov] on x1 & aft] y h x 9 ! prop] place1 draw ! picture & frame p>tially ov] ! edge ( ! table1 & f und]nea? m>k ! back ( ! passep>t\t :]e ! edges ( ! picture come2 !n turn ! frame & picture ov] s t x %all be face d[n4 ,n[ cut eight /rips ( old t9-type metal "o-qu>t] ( an in* wide & ?ree in*es long1 mak+ holes at ea* end ( !m = ! tacks1 & ) ^! /rips fa/5 ! picture 9 its place by tack+ "o end ( ea* to ! /ra9] & ! o!r end to ! frame4 ,also cut a piece ( heavy manilla pap] ! size ( ! frame1 lay x on a bo>d1 damp5 x ) a sponge1 apply />* pa/e ar\nd ea* side & ! ends = a space ( six in*es1 & lay x ov] ! back ( ! picture & frame1 press+ x d[n on ! latt]2 !n set x away to dry4 ,?is w make a neat smoo? back :i* w exclude mo? & du/ f ! portrait4 ,,passep>t\t ,,m\nt+4 ,! foll[+ me?od w be f\nd useful1 especially if y want to exhibit a crayon )\t ! exp5se ( fram+ x4 ,lay on ! m\nt+ bo>d a piece ( heavy manilla pap] some:at l>g] ?an ! picture1 !n put ! crayon on ?is face up1 next ! passep>t\t1 & la/ ! clean glass4 ,m>k ! size ( ?is on ! pap]1 & !n1 hav+ remov$ ! glass1 crayon & passep>t\t1 cut ! pap] en\gh l>g] ?an ! m>ks to all[ x to come up "o in* all ar\nd ov] ! edges ( ! glass2 next damp5 ! pap]1 & apply ! />* pa/e to its edges ab\t six in*es all ar\nd1 !n lay ! crayon1 passep>t\t & glass back :]e !y 7 on ! pap]1 & br+ ! latt] up1 lapp+ x ov] ! face ( ! glass2 cut ! corn]s out s z to br+ !m ov] prop]ly2 rub ! edges d[n ?or\ghly on ! glass1 & ) a rul] & knife trim (f ! pap]1 all[+ "o-qu>t] ( an in* m>g92 !n set away to dry4 ,?is w put ! crayon 9 good condition to be exhibit$1 & w ?or\ghly protect x4 ,transp>5t ,liquid ,wat] ,colors = ,color+ ,photographs4 ,illu/ration ,,transp>5t ,,liquid ,,wat] ,,colors ,,= ,,color+ ,,photographs ,mat]ials ,requir$ 9 ,_! ,use4 ,a good photograph1 an engrav+ or photogravure m\nt$ on c>d-bo>d ,camel's hair bru%es1 ,nos4 #c & #e1 ,%eet ( blott+-pap]1 ,small sponge1 ,clean :ite clo?1 ,cake ( ,*9ese :ite1 ,w9sor & ,newton's wat] color1 ,a divid$ slant or ne/ ( small di%es = hold+ ! color :5 mix$1 ,box transp>5t liquid wat] colors1 ,/ick ( ,india ink1 ,box pulv]iz$ pumice /one1 ,two tumbl]s = wat]4 ,x has pass$ into a prov]b t he is a bad workman :o compla9s ( 8 tools4 ,x is c]ta9 t good ones simplify "w & give bett] results4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ?+s = successful art-"w is to h at h& ! prop] mat]ials & good in/rum5ts4 ,9 _! selection d n foll[ a p5ny wise & p\nd fooli% policy1 b get ! be/ y c2 & ^! y w (t5 f9d n too good4 ,,!ory ,,( ,,color4 ,! pr9ciples connect$ ) color+ %\ld be und]/ood if "o desires to produce ! mo/ pleas+ & h>moni\s effects 9 pa9t+4 ,! ?ree colors1 r$1 yell[1 & blue1 ) ! :ite ( ! pap]1 are equal 9 !ory to all ! requirem5ts ( art 9 its true relation to color4 ,r$1 yell[ & blue are call$ prim>y colors2 t is1 we _c produce ^! colors f ! comb9ation ( any o!rs4 ,orange1 purple & gre5 are call$ second>y colors1 & are produc$ by ! comb9ation ( ! prim>y colors4 ,by ! mixture ( r$ & yell[ we obta9 orange1 f r$ & blue1 purple1 f yell[ & blue1 gre54 ,! t]ti>y colors--brok5 gre51 gray & br[n--are produc$ by ! mixture ( ! second>y colors4 ,f orange & purple we obta9 br[n1 f orange & gre51 brok5 gre51 & f purple & gre51 gray4 ,! ?ree prim>y colors mu/ always be pres5t 9 a picture to produce h>mony4 ,colors are divid$ into :at are call$ w>m & cold colors1 ! yell[ & r$ be+ t]m$ w>m1 & ! blue cold4 ,yell[ & r$ produce light & w>m?1 & x is impossible to produce coolness )\t ! use ( blue4 ,9 pa9t+ we use ! ?ree t]ms1 light1 %ade & color1 because !y be/ express ! qualities ( color4 ,light is express$ by yell[1 %ade by blue1 & color by r$4 ,:ile r$ is p>ticul>ly designat$ z color1 we mu/ n =get ! claims ( yell[ & blue1 z !y1 toge!r ) r$1 complete ! prim>y scale ( colors4 ,x is by plac+ ^! diff]5t colors 9 juxtaposition t we produce ! prop] qualities exi/+ 9 ea* ( ! o!r colors4 ,x is impossible to produce ! effect ( w>m? by r$ & yell[ unless we use ! blue 9 connection ) !m4 ,x is ?is fill+ up1 or complet+ ! prim>y scale ( colors1 t gives ! t]m complem5t>y1 s (t5 employ$ 9 speak+ ( colors4 ,?us r$ is said to be complem5t>y to gre51 z gre5 conta9s ! o!r two colors ( ! prim>y scale--blue & yell[4 ,blue is complem5t>y to orange1 z orange conta9s r$ & yell[4 ,yell[ is complem5t>y to purple1 z purple conta9s blue & r$4 ,! pr9ciple ( us+ ! complem5t>y color is ( ! utmo/ importance 9 pa9t+1 or ! use ( color by any me?od1 & x is on ?is pr9ciple t ! h>mony ( color is bas$4 ,:5 a pa9t+ is produc$ t has ! colors r$1 yell[ & blue prop]ly balanc$1 a pleas+ & h>moni\s effect is atta9$2 b if ^! colors are n us$ 9 _! prop] relations1 !re is a discord1 & ! "w is n satisfactory4 ,^! rules mu/ be borne 9 m9d by e /ud5t 9 color+1 :e!r he uses oil or wat] colors4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common errors ( amateurs is to ov]look ! r$ 9 l&scape4 ,?us trees are too gre51 & ! grass is insuff]ably gre53 ! complem5t>y color1 r$1 has be5 left out4 ,by ! foll[+ exp]im5t y may prove t :5 y see "o color ! eye is 9 a p]fect condition to see its complem5t>y color4 ,on a piece ( :ite pap]1 ?ree in*es wide & five in*es long1 draw ) a lead p5cil an oblong1 half an in* f ! top1 "o in* wide1 & two & "o-half in*es long f "r to left1 & a simil> oblong "o-half an in* bel[ ! "o already drawn4 ,!n draw a six po9t$ /> 7or any o!r n too l>ge figure y desire7 9 ! c5tre ( ! upp] oblong1 & pa9t x ) v]milion wat] color4 ,n[ look int5tly at ! pa9t$ /> = ?irty seconds1 & !n look at ! pla9 oblong bel[1 & y w obs]ve t ! latt] w gradually assume a v beautiful %ade ( gre51 ! exact complem5t>y color ( ! v]milion1 ) ! figure 9 :ite ^u x--unless y %\ld happ5 to be color bl9d4 ,if t is ! case1 ! exp]im5t w demon/rate t fact4 ,,colors4 ,transp>5t wat] colors are put up 9 boxes conta9+ n9e colors1 & z y r$uce !m 9 ! proportion ( "o "p ( color to eight ( wat]1 a s+le box w la/ a long "t4 ,!y c be b\ght ( almo/ any deal] 9 arti/'s mat]ials1 & are designat$ z ,flor5t9e1 ,egyptian1 ,grecian1 & by o!r names4 ,c>e %\ld be us$ 9 procur+ ^? :i* are pure & fre%4 ,! colors are yell[1 blue1 rose1 violet1 mag5ta1 fle%1 br[n1 gold & black4 ,! labels on ! bottles give directions = mix+4 ,,yell[4 ,yell[ is "o ( ! prim>y colors & "o ( ! mo/ useful1 z x ent]s into ! color+ ( almo/ e picture4 ,transp>5t yell[ is v brilliant1 & c be us$ ) any o!r color4 ,yell[ & r$ make orange1 yell[ & blue make bright gre51 yell[ & black a dull gre54 ,9 l&scapes1 yell[ is us$ 9 ! middle di/ance ) blue & rose & mag5ta4 ,9 ! =egr\nd x is us$ ) blue & black = gre51 & is especially adapt$ = brilliant t\*es ( foliage1 grasses1 & light places 9 ! gr\nd4 ,9 portraits a v little c be us$ 9 ! reflect$ lights on ! faces1 &1 :5 mix$ ) br[n1 = light %ades ( hair & eyebr[s2 = light dresses1 us$ weak1 x makes a v nice cream color4 ,x c also be us$ v weak = laces1 ! /rong lights be+ aft]w>ds t\*$ up ) ,*9ese :ite1 b n :5 ! picture is to be m\nt$ on glass4 ,?is color w ord9>ily "w nicely & give good results :]ev] its use seems appropriate1 b c>e mu/ always be ex]cis$ n to use x too /rong4 ,,blue4 ,?is is ano!r ( ! prim>y colors & a v ess5tial "o1 x be+ ! ne>e/ alli$ to %ade1 & al?\gh n %ade itself1 no %ad[s c be produc$ )\t x4 ,we w f9d x1 !re=e1 m+l+ ) all ! %ades ( nature betwe5 ! lights & %ad[s4 ,x w\ld be 9 va9 = u to introduce all our w>m colors1 if ! cool t9ts t are produc$ by blue are want+2 =1 )\t t1 ! "w w appe> heavy1 z x is ! contra/ betwe5 blue & ! w>m colors t produces a balance ( color4 ,blue mix$ ) yell[ makes a v brilliant gre51 ) gold a dull] gre51 ) mag5ta a purple4 ,9 l&scapes x is us$ 9 skies & ! middle di/ances1 b n 9 ! =egr\nd1 unless mix$ ) yell[4 ,blue c be mix$ ) rose or mag5ta = sunset skies4 ,:5 ! horizon is repres5t$ a /reak ( blue or rose1 or ( blue & mag5ta1 w give a v pleas+ effect4 ,9 portraits if y h a light backgr\nd1 a ?9 wa% ( blue c be us$ ov] x4 ,! same c also be us$ = blue eyes & = dresses :5 !y are light 9 ! picture1 also 9 all ! half-%ad[s ( ! dresses or drap]ies )\t reg>d to :at _! o!r color may be4 ,,rose4 ,?is is ! ne>e/ approa* to r$ t we h 9 ^! colors1 & z x fills out ! scale x is an ess5tial "o4 ,x is1 9 fact1 a v delicate %ade ( rose4 ,= l&scape x is us$ only 9 ! skies1 & !n only a little ne> ! horizon = sunset effects4 ,= portraits x is us$ 9 ! drap]y = mak+ a v light %ade ( p9k1 & x c be us$ g5]ally :5 y want to make a v delicate effect4 ,! photographic pr9t on :i* x is us$ %\ld n be too d>k4 ,,violet4 ,?is is a v /rong & brilliant color1 & !re=e ne$s m ?an usual c>e 9 h&l+4 ,9 l&scapes x is only us$ 9 c]ta9 skies ne> ! horizon1 & b v seldom ev5 !n4 ,x is m especially design$ = portraits1 & !re p>ticul>ly 9 drap]y to make v decid$ effects ( /rong color2 b x c only be us$ :5 ! dress or drap]ies are d>k 9 ! photograph4 ,,mag5ta4 ,?is also is a p[]ful color & mu/ be us$ c>efully4 ,x is n adapt$ to l&scapes1 b 9 portraits is us$ = dresses & accessories4 ,if ! photograph requires a d>k dress ?is color w make x a beautiful %ade4 ,,fle%4 ,?is color c be us$ a v little 9 ! skies ( l&scapes :5 !re is a sunset effect to be repres5t$4 ,9 portraits x is us$ to color ! faces & h&s4 ,aft] x is dry1 ret\* ! *eeks & lips ) ! same color4 ,,br[n4 ,?is color is us$ 9 all ! %ad[s4 ,9 l&scapes1 9 "s in/ances1 x s]ves = use 9 ! middle di/ance & =egr\nd2 ! light places %\ld be ret\*$ ) yell[ or gold4 ,x is also us$ = tree trunks1 f5ces1 & ! l4 ,9 portraits x s]ves to color ! hair & eyes1 & appe>s 9 ! d>k %ad[s ( ! drap]y & furniture4 ,if ! backgr\nd is d>k1 a nice effect is produc$ by t9t+ x a little ) ?is color4 ,,black4 ,9 transp>5t color ?is has m ! effect ( a d>k gray ?an a brilliant black1 su* z is produc$ ) body colors4 ,:5 y want a v d>k black1 x is bett] to use a little ,india ink ) x4 ,x is us$ 9 ! skies ( l&scapes :5 y wi% a gray effect1 or to subdue a too /rong blue color or r$1 & 9 =egr\nds = rocks4 ,9 connection ) yell[ x w make a sombre gre5 = trees1 m\nta9s1 etc4 ,9 portraits x is us$ = ! hair & eyes1 9 ! %ad[s ar\nd ! m\?1 & 9 drap]y 9 connection ) ! o!r colors4 ,,gold4 ,?is is a comb9ation ( yell[ & r$1 & 9 g5]al c be us$ :]ev] ei!r ( ^! colors w\ld answ]4 ,9 l&scapes a little c be us$ 9 ! skies1 ! middle di/ances1 & lights on ! gr\nd 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,9 portraits x is us$ to color ! drap]y & jewelry4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,us+ ,,liquid ,,wat] ,,colors4 ,fill ! two tumbl]s ) wat]1 & h all ! o!r mat]ials ready & conv5i5t to "w )4 ,if y h select$ a burni%$ & m\nt$ photograph wet its surface ) saliva2 unburni%$ photographs1 photogravures & engrav+s d n require ?is treatm5t1 b 9 color+ !m x w be necess>y to mix a weak solution ( gum arabic ) ! colors to prev5t _! p5etrat+ ! pap]4 ,if pr9t$ on too ?9 a pap] ! photogravure or engrav+ %\ld be m\nt$4 ,if x is f\nd t ! colors crawl or spread on ! photograph1 mix a little acetic acid ) ! colors y are us+1 & %\ld ?is fail to remove ! difficulty1 rub a p9* ( pumice /one ov] ! photograph ) ! f+]s4 ,if ! photograph is a portrait comm5ce ) ! backgr\nd1 wa%+ x all ov] ) a bru%ful ( dilut$ color1 be+ c>eful n to get any on ! face4 ,if ! backgr\nd is light1 use a weak solution ( blue1 if d>k1 a br[n solution4 ,! majority ( backgr\nds only ne$ a v little t9t+--j suffici5t to *ange ! color4 ,= ! face use fle% color1 dilut+ x to ! prop] %ade1 wa%+ x entirely ov] ! face1 & ) a /rong] solution ( ! same color t9t ! *eeks & lips1 giv+ !m a little bright] effect ?an ! fle% color4 ,t\* up ! %ad[s 9 ! face ) ! br[n1 & if !re are any reflect$ lights use a v weak solution ( ! yell[ color = !m2 !n ) "s v weak black make ! %ad[s ar\nd ! m\? a little d>k]2 next ) a solution ( blue1 also v weak1 /r5g!n ! %ad[s 9 ! =ehead & ar\nd ! temples2 !n color ! eyes1 us+ a small bru%4 ,if !y are blue1 use a weak solution ( blue1 if gray1 use a little black1 & if br[n1 !n t color4 ,next color ! hair2 if br[n1 use br[n mix$ ) a little black to take away ! r$di% color2 if auburn1 use br[n & yell[1 ) a little gray betwe5 ! lights & %ad[s4 ,9 work+ on ! hair1 move y\r bru% 9 ! direction ( ! l9es ( ! hair2 if wavy1 !n cause y\r bru% to foll[ its l9es4 ,aft] y h ?us gone ov] x1 d>k5 ! %ad[s ) a /rong] solution ( ! same color4 ,aft] ! hair1 pa9t ! eyebr[s & be>d1 if !re is any1 ) ! same color4 ,,drap]y4 ,y mu/ rememb] 9 us+ ^! liquid colors t !y are transp>5t1 &1 !re=e1 :5ev] ! pr9t is light y _c make x d>k1 unless y /r5g!n ! %ad[s by apply+ opaque colors4 ,= dresses1 if !y are light1 use ! delicate colors to suit y\r fancy1 ei!r ! rose1 blue1 yell[1 or gold2 :5 !y are d>k1 use ! mag5ta or violet1 be+ c>eful to spread ! colors ev5ly4 ,aft] y h once color$ ! dresses1 !n ) a /rong] solution ( ! same color d>k5 ! %ad[s2 if y !n t\* up ! half-%ad[s ) blue ! effect w be /ill f9]4 ,= neckties or ribbons use ! complem5t>y color to t ( ! dress4 ,= laces use a weak solution ( yell[1 & aft] x is dry t\* up ! /rong lights ) ,*9ese :ite4 ,if !re is a curta9 9 ! picture use ! complem5t>y color to ! dress4 ,= *airs use br[n4 ,if sky1 trees & grass are to be pa9t$1 color !m accord+ to ! directions giv5 = l&scapes "u ! diff]5t colors2 only be sure to modify !m1 & keep !m l[ 9 tone & color4 ,9 lay+ on flat wa%es ( color1 ! bru% mu/ be held ne>ly upright & %\ld be pass$ boldly ov] ! surface2 ! color %\ld !n gradually be br\ght d[n & spread equally ov] ! :ole surface z rapidly z possible1 9 ord] to avoid lett+ any "p dry be=e ! :ole has be5 cov]$2 !n :atev] surplus !re may be %\ld be c>efully spong$ (f4 ,:5 y apply ! wa% ( color to ! picture ! latt] %\ld n be held flat1 b at a slight angle1 s t ! color w settle d[n t[>ds ! bottom ( ! picture4 ,^! colors are m suitable = figures & l&scapes comb9$ ?an !y are = l&scapes alone1 yet v pretty effects 9 l&scapes c be produc$ ) !m4 ,if any :ite spots %\ld be f\nd 9 ! photograph1 z v (t5 happ5s1 aft] ! picture is q complete1 t\* !m out ) ,india ink1 us+ a small bru%4 ,,l&scape4 ,if ! sky is to be blue1 wa% x all ov] ) a weak solution ( blue2 if !re are :ite cl\ds1 y c t\* up ! highe/ lights ) ,*9ese :ite2 if !re is a sunset or rosy effect1 use a weak solution ( rose or a little mag5ta4 ,b x is be/ n to try to make too mu* ( ! sky1 z ! gray t is g5]ally 9 x w give a v pretty effect & leave m contra/ betwe5 ! figures & ! sky4 ,= ! middle di/ance mix blue1 rose1 & a little yell[ or gold if y want x gre5i%1 or y c use a v little br[n4 ,! ne>] ! trees come 9 ! =egr\nd ! /rong] 9 color !y %\ld be2 t is1 !y %\ld t5d m to ! gre5 & br[n & less to ! blui% color4 ,if !y are to be bright gre5 use blue & yell[1 & ret\* ! light places ) yell[4 ,y c make ! gre5 dull] by mix+ a little black ) ! yell[1 or y c make a ri*] gre5 by us+ blue1 gold & br[n1 & !n t\*+ up ! lights ) gold1 & ! %ad[s ) br[n4 ,= ! grass use blue & yell[1 & ret\* ! lights ) yell[2 = ! gr\nd use br[n1 & ret\* ! lights ) gold2 = tree trunks1 f5ces1 & ! l1 use br[n2 = rocks1 use black & a little br[n4 ,,! ,,pr9ciple4 ,! /udy ( pa9t+ z an art is bas$ on ?ree consid]ations1 =m1 light & %ade1 & color4 ,i w n[ treat ( color--! =m1 & light & %ade be+ furni%$ = u 9 ! photograph4 ,photography z a means ( art education 9 its influ5ce on ! public is salut>y4 ,9 spite ( all its falsity x is ! be/ tea*] ( ! fir/ elem5ts ( criticism & k ( ! facts ( =m & light & %ade4 ,photography does n produce color1 s t we w add ! "o l9k to ! *a9 t is want+4 ,z we are deal+ ) pictures f9i%$ 9 light & %ade1 x is well t we %\ld h rules to aid 9 *oos+ good ones to "w on4 ,9 select+ a photograph to color we want z p]fect a pr9t z x is possible to procure4 ,a light "o is pref]able4 ,notice 9 p>ticul> if x is well def9$1 t ! %ad[s & middle %ades are cle>1 ! lights pure1 & t x is free f defects & spots4 ,_m ?9k t !y c take a poor photograph1 &1 by color+ x1 cov] up ! defects1 b !y are wrong 9 ?is1 = ! transp>5t colors w n conceal defects4 ,! be/ rule is t ! bett] ! photograph ! bett] w be ! picture :5 f9i%$4 ,! ,s\le ,photograph ,company1 ,no4 #cch ,wa%+ton ,/reet1 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 furni% photographic reproductions1 m\nt$ & unm\nt$1 ( all ! be/ pa9t+s 9 ! _w1 9 bo? public & private art gall]ies1 & _! photographs are ! be/ to color4 ,!re=e1 to beg9 )1 h a p]fect picture to color4 ,s*ol>s 9 comm5c+ to use ! bru% w n be able to produce bold effects ( color1 & w only acquire t p[] by use & practice4 ,by bold effects ,i d n mean t "o "p is to be m prom95tly r5d]$ ?an any o!r portion ( ! "w1 b m]ely ! brilliancy ( color+ :i* di/+ui%es pr(essional f amateur "w4 ,9 any k9d ( pa9t+ x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 t !re are no decid$ l9es =m+ ! edges ( any object4 ,! po9t insi/$ on is t ! b\nd>ies ( objects mu/ be ( t color t w h>monize & subdue ! picture1 produc+ a s(t1 delicate effect4 ,i w\ld advise all :o beg9 to pa9t to comm5ce ) wat] colors1 z !y are ! easie/ to manipulate1 ! liquid wat] colors be+ easi] ?an ! body colors1 & _! use ! simple/ ( all k9ds ( pa9t+4 ,! photograph be+ a fac-simile ( a subject z x appe>s to ! eye 9 =m & light & %ade1 furni%es a picture p]fect except 9 color1 :ile ! liquids supply ! color 9 ! =m be/ adapt$ to tea*+ ! fir/ /eps 9 its use4 ,x is hop$1 ?\gh1 t aft] ! /ud5t has ?or\ghly ma/]$ ?is c\rse ( /udy1 he w attempt some?+ high] & m difficult 9 ! /udy ( art4 ,fr5* ,cry/als4 ,illu/ration ,,fr5* ,,cry/als4 ,^! are photographs color$ ) liquid wat] colors & m\nt$ on glass4 ,= sev]al ye>s a process has be5 taught by :i* a photograph is r5d]$ transp>5t by ! use ( p>aff9e oil1 etc41 !n m\nt$ on glass1 & color$ f ! back ) oil pa9ts4 ,:ile by ?is me?od a picture pleas+ at ! "t c\ld be produc$1 yet unless ! process 0 p]fectly execut$ ! oils w\ld decompose & ! picture become yell[ & spott$4 ,! use ( wat] colors entirely ov]comes ^! objections1 z x is s simple t any "o c employ !m p]fectly1 & z !re are no oils us$ 9 _! production !y _c *ange or turn yell[4 ,,mat]ials4 ,convex glasses on :i* to m\nt photographs1 ,bottle ( ,flor5t9e1 ,egyptian1 ,grecian or o!r comp\nd = m\nt+ on glass1 ,be/ ,fr5* picture glass1 ,"s gumm$ pap]1 ,a di% 9 :i* to soak photographs1 ,"s d>k1 ?91 fancy pap]1 ,%eet ( blott+ pap]4 ,,! ,,me?od4 ,hav+ secur$ a good photograph1 rub a little pumice /one ov] x ) ! f+]1 & !n1 if x is m\nt$1 remove x f ! c>d by plac+ x 9 w>m wat] & all[+ x to soak = an h\r or two1 or ov] night if necess>y4 ,aft] x is ?us fre$ f ! c>d lay x face d[n on a piece ( glass1 & sponge (f all ! />* f ! back4 ,cut a piece ( blott+ pap] ! size ( ! picture & lay x on a glass1 wett+ x ) wat] appli$ ) a sponge2 !n lay ! photograph1 /ill wet1 on ! blott+ pap]1 &1 ) a sponge1 remove all ! surplus wat] f its surface4 ,n[ proce$ to color x accord+ to ! directions giv5 9 ! prec$+ pages = color+ photographs ) transp>5t liquid wat] colors4 ,9 case y %\ld put on too mu* color1 let ! photograph soak a few mom5ts 9 w>m wat]1 :5 ! surplus color w gradually come out1 & y may !n recolor x4 ,aft] x has be5 f9i%$ to y\r satisfaction1 proce$ to m\nt x accord+ to ! directions next giv54 ,,m\nt+ ,,fr5* ,,cry/als4 ,! glass = m\nt+1 :e!r flat or convex1 %\ld be ! same size z ! picture4 ,x %\ld be dipp$ 9 wat] & p]mitt$ to dra9 (f1 b d n dry x2 p\r a little ( ! comp\nd on ! side aga9/ :i* ! photograph is to be plac$--! holl[ side1 if ! glass is convex--let x dra9 (f & lay ! picture face d[n ^u x4 ,) ! ?umb & f+] comm5ce at ! c5tre ( ! photograph1 smoo?+ x d[n close to ! glass1 =c+ all ! air bubbles out to ! edges1 ?us cont9u+ until ! picture is entirely smoo!d out1 & at e po9t 9 actual contact ) ! glass4 ,dur+ ?is process hold ! glass at an angle1 s t y c see if !re are any air bubbles or gli/5+ places 9 x by exam9+ its face occasionally2 & always let a little ( ! comp\nd get on ! back ( ! photograph1 z x all[s ! f+]s to glide ov] x m easily & less5s ! *ance ( te>+ x4 ,n[ take a second glass ! same size z ! fir/1 & hav+ ?or\ghly clean$ x1 fa/5 x to ! back ( ! o!r by small /rips ( gumm$ pap]4 ,!n place a piece ( c>d-bo>d ( ! same size on ! back ( ! two glasses & fa/5 ! ?ree toge!r also ) small /rips ( gumm$ pap]2 f9ally secur+ ! :ole firmly toge!r by b9d+ x ) "s l>ge /rips1 & y\r picture is ready to frame4 ,9 case y d n c>e to frame x1 cut out a piece ( "s d>k fancy pap]1 a qu>t] ( an in* on ea* edge l>g] ?an ! picture1 & fa/5 x1 d>k side out1 on ! back1 all[+ ! qu>t] ( an in* to lap ov] & be pa/$ on ! face1 aft] :i* /raight5 ! edges ) a rul] & %>p knife4 ,,f9i%+ ,,photographs ,,9 ,,india ,,ink4 ,! pr9ciples t h be5 giv5 9 reg>d to f9i%+ photographs ) l9es1 apply also to f9i%+ ) ,india ink--) ! exception t 9 ! manipulation ( ! ink x mu/ be rememb]$ t x _c be tak5 out2 !re=e1 y mu/ comm5ce to f9i% ! photograph gradually1 & produce ! prop] /r5g? by repeat$ly work+ ov] x4 ,! old me?od ( mak+ ,india ink portraits 0 to h a pr9t on pla9 pap]--a k9d )\t album5 on its surface4 ,! great disadvantage ( pla9 pap] is t ! lights & %ad[s on x are n /rong1 & !re=e x takes too mu* "w to f9i% ! picture4 ,! foll[+ me?od 7:i* is v simple & c be us$ 9 "w on album5 pap]1 provid$ y h treat$ x by rubb+ pumice /one ov] its surface ) y\r f+]s71 adapts x to ,india ink4 ,( c\rse ! pumice /one treatm5t de/roys ! album5 on ! surface1 caus+ x to h a dull appe>ance1 b aft] ! picture has be5 f9i%$ its lu/re c be re/or$ by ! use ( a n too w>m burni%]4 ,9 f9i%+ ! photograph comm5ce on ! hair by wa%+ x all ov] 7) ! exception ( ! highe/ light7 ) a weak solution ( ! ink1 us+ ! bru% 9 ! same direction t ! hair goes2 aft] ?is has dri$1 indicate ! half-%ad[ ) a little /rong] wa%1 & aft] dry+ x aga9 put 9 ! deep] %ad[s1 !n ! eyebr[s1 eyes & be>d1 if ! subject has "o4 ,faces are f9i%$ 9 ,india ink on ! l9e pr9ciple1,d :i* %[s ! gra9 ( ! fle%4 ,comm5ce on ! =ehead ) a v weak solution1 & !n cont9ue x all ov] ! face1 repeat$ly work+ & cross hat*+ ) l9es until ! face is d>k en\gh2 !n /r5g!n ! %ad[s "u ! eyes1 nose1 m\? & *94 ,aft] ! face is complet$ put 9 ! clo!s4 ,?is y d by wa%+ !m ov] ) two or ?ree solutions ( ! ink1 & !n produc+ ! l9e effect z 9 "w on crayon portraits1 expla9$ on page #gf1 ! diff]5ce 9 ! nature ( ! mat]ial us$ be+ always borne 9 m9d4 ,aft] ! picture is o!rwise complet$1 y c bright5 up ! eyes & "s ( ! /ronge/ %ad[s ) a solution ( gum arabic & wat]4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,d3 ,see pages #eg & #gb4 ,,conclusion4 ,:ile x is ?\ght t all ess5tial in/ructions on ! topics treat$ ( h be5 giv5 9 ! =ego+ pages1 & t if fai?fully foll[$ !y w lead ! pupil to atta9 satisfactory results1 x is hop$ t my read]s :o h accompani$ me ?us f> w n be cont5t to cont9ue to use a photograph z ! basis ( _! "w1 b w advance to ! pursuit ( art 9 a broad] & m sci5tific mann]4 ,z a /ep 9 ?is direction ! /udy ( =m1 & light & %ade1 by draw+ f ! ca/ %\ld be tak5 up2 & to ?is "w ! directions z to light & %ade giv5 9 ! =ego+ pages fully apply1 t requir+ ! object to be plac$ 9 su* a position t ! light w /rike x at an angle ( n9ety degrees be+ always borne 9 m9d4 ,! /ud5t w d well to ga9 all he c f ! publi%$ works ( ! lead]s 9 ! pr(ession1 ^: writ+s1 bo? !oretical & practical1 are invaluable4 ,?ree essays by ,john ,burnet ,i c v he>tily recomm5d4 ,!y are ,practical ,h9ts on ,light & ,%ade1 ,practical ,h9ts on ,composition1 & ,! ,education ( ! ,eye4 ,^! are publi%$ 9 a s+le volume1 :i* is illu/rat$ ) examples f ! great ma/]s ( ! ,italian1 ,flemi% & ,dut* s*ools1 & %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e amateur4 ,!y w all repay p]usal & /udy until _! pr9ciples are ma/]$4 ,an ,engli% edition ( ^! books is publi%$ by ,james ,c>p5t]1 ,london1 & 9 ?is c\ntry !y h be5 reproduc$ by ,edw>d ,l4 ,wilson1 editor ( ! ,philadelphia ,photograph]4 ,ano!r book :i* ab\nds 9 valuable & practical in=mation = ! amateur & c be highly comm5d$1 is ,art ,recreations1 a ,guide to ,decorative ,art1 by ,m>ion ,kemble1 publi%$ by ,s4 ,w4 ,tilton ,co41 ,bo/on2 also ,j4 ,bacon's ,!ory ( ,color+1 issu$ by ,geo4 ,r[ney ,co41 ,engl&4 ,^? :o are dispos$ to treat disda9fully ! "w ( f9i%+ photographs 9 crayon & color z n dem&+ truly arti/ic qualities1 %\ld n =get t success "h has /ill a real value 9 awak5+ 9 _m :o und]take x a feel+ = art ( a high] k9d1 & 9 develop+ a natural tal5t :i* o!rwise might h be5 undiscov]$4 ,_m an arti/ n[ looks back ) pleasure & gratitude to ?is sort ( "w1 9 :i* he receiv$ ! fir/ impetus t[>d high] ef=t4 ,9 answ] to ! ass]tion :i* is sometimes made t transp>5t wat] colors are n p]man5t1 ,i claim t 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is ord9>ily us$ 9 connection ) photography !y may prop]ly be call$ s4 ,9 ?is s5se ! la/+ qualities :i* *>act]ize ! mat]ials us$ by ! old ma/]s are n look$ =1 b :]e photographs h be5 ?us color$1 f9i%$ 9 ! =m ( ,fr5* cry/als1 & prop]ly seal$ f ! atmosph]e1 !y are practically p]man5t4 ,i h "s 9 my possession t 7 made ye>s ago1 & !y are z bright & fre% to-day z :5 fir/ color$4 ,x c be truly said t photographs color$ 9 ?is way make v beautiful & pleas+ pictures1 obta9able ) b little "w & exp5se1 & hav+ practical p]man5cy ( color4 ,z a f9al ^w to ^? :o int5d to foll[ art z a pr(ession1 ,i urge ! e>ne/ /udy & ma/]y ( draw+ at ! outset z ! f\ndation ( all art2 !n take up "w 9 body wat] colors1 & :5 ! !ory ( color+ is fully und]/ood1 d n neglect ! c>eful read+ ( books ( ackn[l$g$ m]it be>+ on y\r "w4 ,! m notes y take 9 ! c\rse ( y\r read+ ! m fully y w assimilate ! au?or's ?\ght1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 y furni% ! easie/ means ( rapid review4 ,aft] all1 y\r s\nde/ basis = "w w be y\r deep & cont9u+ love = x1 & y\r will+ness to labor long & consci5ti\sly to atta9 excell5ce4 ,d n imag9e t ! pr(ession ( an arti/ is t ( an idl]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ( all occupations x is p]haps ! mo/ active1 = "o is con/antly engag$1 if n ) art itself1 at lea/ ) its mat]ials4 ,e arti/ w confess t 7 x n = ! *>m ) :i* x rew>ds ! vot>ies :o foll[ x f love1 ! pursuit w\ld be a pa9ful "o1 su* vigilant precaution does x require1 su* con/ant =esight1 su* calculation & prep>ation aga9/ possible difficulty on e h&2 b ! true arti/1 happy 9 ! daily ga9 ( k :i* 8 exp]i5ce br+s him1 & delight$ ) ! gradual ma/]y ( 8 "w1 z a rule lives along enjoyably1 reta9+ m ?an mo/ m5 ! fre%ness ( y\? :ile he ga9s 9 p[] z he advances 9 ye>s4 ,s pleasant a fate z ?is = ea* ( 8 read]s is ! clos+ wi% ( ! au?or4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,mov$ "s illu/rations to avoid break+ up p>agraphs ( text4 ,! page ref]5ces 9 ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations ref] to ! orig9al book4 ,correct$ m9or punctuation errors & hyph5ation inconsi/5cies1 & made ! foll[+ *anges3 ,page #ej3 ,*ang$ necesss>y to necess>y3 7all ! details necesss>y74 ,page #fg3 ,*ang$ ,appelton to ,appleton3 7,f ! ,annual ,encyclop$ia4 ,copyright$1 #ahia1 by ,d4 ,appelton74 ,page #gd3 ,*ang$ :]e-ev] to :]ev]3 7us+ ! latt] :]e-ev] a light] effect is requir$74 ,page #ij3 ,*ang$ picrure to picture3 7,& :5 a picrure is compos$ *iefly ( middle t9t74