,,! ,,vote     ,,t     ,,made ,,!       
,,presid5t4       ,,by     ,,david      
,,dudley ,,field4       ,,new ,,york3   
,d4 ,,appleton  ,,company1     #edi     
#eea ,,broadway4     #ahgg4             
,,copyright ,,by ,,david ,,dudley       
,,field4 #ahgg4          ,,! ,,vote ,,t 
,,made ,,! ,,presid5t4      ,at t5      
m9utes pa/ f\r o'clock on ! second morn+
 ( ! pres5t  mon? 7,m>*1 #ahgg71 !      
,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 
9 ! pres5ce ( ! two ,h\ses ( ,congress1 
made ?is ann\ncem5t3  ,! :ole numb] ( ! 
electors appo9t$ to vote = ,presid5t &  
,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is    
#cfi1 ( :i* a majority is #ahe4  ,! /ate
 ( ! vote = ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 z deliv]$  by ! tell]s1 & z det]m9$ "u 
! act ( ,congress1 approv$  ,janu>y #bi1
 #ahgg1 on ?is subject1 is3 = ,ru!r=d   
,b4 ,hayes1 ( ,ohio1  #ahe votes2 =     
,samuel ,j4 ,tild51 ( ,new ,york1 #ahd  
votes2 & !n1  aft] m5tion+ ! votes =    
,vice-,presid5t1 he proce$$3 ,:]e=e  ,i 
d decl>e1 t ,ru!r=d ,b4 ,hayes1 ( ,ohio1

 hav+ receiv$ a  majority ( ! :ole numb]
 ( electoral votes1 is duly elect$      
,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = f\r ye>s1 
comm5c+ on ! f\r?  day ( ,m>*1 #ahgg4   
,mr4 ,hayes 0 ?us decl>$ elect$ by a    
majority ( "o4 ,if any vote  c\nt$ = him
 _h be5 c\nt$ on ! o!r side1 ,mr4       
,tild51 in/ead  ( ,mr4 ,hayes1 w\ld h _h
 ! #ahe votes2 if x _h be5 reject$      
altoge!r1 ea* w\ld h _h #ahd votes1 & ! 
,h\se (  ,repres5tatives w\ld imm$iately
 h elect$ ,mr4 ,tild54 ,"o vote1  !re=e1
 put ,mr4 ,hayes into ! presid5tial     
(fice4    ,to make up ! #ahe votes c\nt$
 = him1 #h came f ,l\isiana & #d  f     
,florida4 ,:e!r !y %\ld h be5 ?us c\nt$ 
is a "q  t affects ! honor1 ! consci5ce1
 & ! int]e/s ( !  ,am]ican p4 ,!re is n 
a p]son liv+ 9 ?is c\ntry :o has  n a   
direct conc]n 9 a j answ]4 ,n "o w ev]  
live 9 x  ^: respect = ?is g5]ation w n 
dep5d 9 "s degree ^u  t answ]4    ,! #ab
 votes 7 n all alike4 ,"s _h "o         
di/9ction1 "s ano!r4  ,b1 n to di/ract  
att5tion by ! discussion ( sev]al       

transactions  in/ead ( "o1 & because "o 
9 ! pres5t in/ance actually  det]m9$ !  
result1 ,i w conf9e my obs]vations to a 
s+le vote4  ,= ?is purpose let u take "o
 ( ! votes f ,l\isiana1 t1 =  in/ance1 (
 ,orl&o ,h4 ,brew/]4    ,brew/] 0 n     
appo9t$ an elector1 inasmu* z he did n  
receive a  majority ( ! votes ca/ by ! p
 ( ,l\isiana1 & inasmu* also  z he c\ld 
n h be5 appo9t$ if he _h receiv$ !m all4
      ,,he ,,did ,,n ,,receive ,a       
,,majority ,,( ,,! ,,votes4    ,x w\ld  
be a wa/e ( "t & pati5ce to g ?r\gh !   
te/imony  tak5 by ! two ,h\ses (        
,congress = _! own in=mation1 be=e  !y  
cons5t$ to call 9 ! advice ( !          
,electoral ,commission4 ,!  evid5ce (   
wrongs on bo? sides1 & ! irreconcilable 
contradictions  ( witnesses1 made       
,presid5t ,seelye & ,mr4 ,pi]ce1 (      
,massa*usetts1  decl>e x to be          
impossible = !m to rea* a satisfactory  
conclusion  ^u ! facts1 & compell$ !m to
 break away f _! p>ty1 &  refuse to     
abide by ! advice ( ! ,commission4 ,!re 

are c]ta9  ?+s1 h[ev]1 :i* we "k beyond 
dispute1 or ab\t :i* !re is  & c be no  
controv]sy1 & ^! only w ,i m5tion4 ,we  
"k t  ! numb] ( votes ca/ 9 ,l\isiana = 
! ,tild5 electors1 tak+  ! fir/ "n on ! 
li/ z repres5t+ all1 0 #hc1gbc1 b t !   
c]tificate ( ! ,return+ ,bo>d put !m at 
#gj1ejh1 turn+ ,mr4  ,tild5's majority (
 m ?an #f1jjj into a majority = ,mr4    
,hayes2 &  we "k t ! r$uction 0 made by 
?r[+ out m ?an #ac1jjj  votes ( legal   
vot]s vot+ legally = ,mr4 ,tild51 & t m 
?an  #aj1jjj ( ^! 7 ?r[n out ^u ! assum$
 au?ority ( a /atute  ( ,l\isiana1 :i* 9
 t]ms gave ! bo>d p[] to ?r[ out votes1 
^u exam9ation & delib]ation1 :5ev]1 f   
any poll or  vot+-place1 !re %all be    
receiv$ ! /atem5t ( any sup]visor  (    
regi/ration or commission] ( election1 9
 =m z requir$ by  section #bf ( ?is act1
 on affidavit ( ?ree or m citiz5s1 ( any
  riot1 tumult1 acts ( viol5ce1         
intimidation1 arm$ di/urbance1  brib]y1 
or corrupt influ5ces1 :i* prev5t$1 or   
t5d$ to prev5t1 a  fair1 free1 &        

peaceable vote ( all qualifi$ electors  
entitl$ to  vote at su* poll or         
vot+-place4    ,:e!r ! /atute itself has
 its w>rant 9 ! ,con/itution is a  "q n 
necess>y n[ to be consid]$4 ,= my "p1 ,i
 _c see  ! au?ority = tak+ out ( !      
ballot-boxes ! ballots ( lawful  vot]s &
 ?r[+ !m away because o!r vot]s did n   
vote1  :atev] may h be5 ! cause ( _! n  
vot+1 :e!r !y 7  fright5$1 fooli%1 or   
p]v]se4 ,i _c = ! life ( me p]ceive  t !
 ,/ate c be held to h elect$ p]sons :om 
x did n 9  fact elect1 because x is     
conjectur$1 or ev5 made probable1 t if  
vot]s :o kept away f ! polls _h 9 fact  
att5d$ & vot$1 !y  w\ld h made a        
majority = ^! p]sons4    ,)\t go+ into t
 "q1 h[ev]1 & assum+ = ! sake (  !      
argum5t t ! /atute _h all ! au?ority ( !
 mo/ cle>ly  valid /atute t 0 ev] pass$1
 x is c]ta9 t ! only gr\nd  ^u :i* a    
vote c\ld h be5 ?r[n out1 = intimidation
 or o!r  corrupt influ5ce1 0 ! /atem5t (
 a sup]visor ( regi/ration or           
commission] ( election1 f\nd$ ^u !      

affidavits ( ?ree citiz5s4  ,:51 h[ev]1 
! vote ( ,l\isiana 0 be=e ! ,electoral  
,commission1 ! foll[+ (f] 0 made by     
c\nsel3         ,we (f] to prove t !    
/atem5ts & affidavits purport+       to 
h be5 made & =w>d$ to said ,return+     
,bo>d 9       pursuance ( ! provisions (
 section #bf1 ( ! election law (        
#ahgb1 alleg+ riot1 tumult1             
intimidation1 & viol5ce1 at or ne>      
c]ta9 polls1 & 9 c]ta9 p>i%es1 7 falsely
 fabricat$       & =g$ by c]ta9         
disreputable p]sons "u ! direction1     
& ) ! k1 ( said ,return+ ,bo>d1 & t said
       ,return+ ,bo>d1 kn[+ said        
/atem5ts & affidavits to be false       
& =g$1 & t none ( ! said /atem5ts or    
affidavits 7       made 9 ! mann] or =m 
or )9 ! "t requir$ by law1 did          
kn[+ly1 willfully1 & fraudul5tly1 fail &
 refuse to canvass       or compile m   
?an #aj1jjj votes lawfully ca/1 z is %[n
 by !       /atem5ts ( votes ( !        
,commission]s ( ,election4    ,?is (f] !
 ,commission reject$ by a vote ( #h to  

#g4    ,9 ! ,commission ,mr4 ,abbott    
mov$ ! foll[+3         ,resolv$1 ,t     
te/imony t5d+ to %[ t ! s-call$         
,return+ ,bo>d ( ,l\isiana _h no        
jurisdiction to canvass !       votes = 
electors ( ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t  
is admissible4    ,?is 0 reject$ by !   
same vote4    ,9 expla9+ ! reason ( _!  
decision 9 ! case1 ! ,commission  us$ ! 
foll[+ language3         ,& !           
,commission has1 by a majority ( votes1 
decid$1 & does       h]eby decide1 t x  
is n compet5t1 "u ! ,con/itution &      
! law z x exi/$ at ! date ( ! passage ( 
said act1 to g       into evid5ce       
aliunde1 ! pap]s op5$ by ! ,presid5t ( !
       ,s5ate1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! two      
,h\ses1 to prove t o!r       p]sons ?an 
^? regul>ly c]tifi$ to by ! ,gov]nor ( !
       ,/ate ( ,l\isiana1 on & accord+  
to ! det]m9ation &       decl>ation ( _!
 appo9tm5t by ! return+ (fic]s =        
elections 9 ! said ,/ate prior to ! "t  
requir$ = !       p]=mance ( _! duties1 
_h be5 appo9t$ electors1 or by          

c\nt]-pro( to %[ t !y _h n2 or t !      
det]m9ation       ( ! said return+      
(fic]s 0 n 9 accordance ) ! tru?       &
 ! fact1 ! ,commission1 by a majority ( 
votes1 be+ (       op9ion t x is n )9 ! 
jurisdiction ( ! two ,h\ses (           
,congress1 assembl$ to c\nt ! votes =   
,presid5t &       ,vice-,presid5t1 to   
ent] ^u a trial ( su* que/ions4         
,:e!r1 !re=e1 ! decisions ( !           
,commission or ! reasons giv5  = !m be  
s\nd or uns\nd1 x may be assum$1 t      
,brew/] did n  receive a majority ( !   
votes ca/ by ! p ( ,l\isiana1 &  t !    
action ( ! ,return+ ,bo>d 9 cutt+ d[n ! 
majority (  8 competitor1 s z to r$uce x
 bel[ 81 0 tak5 )\t  jurisdiction1 & ^u 
! pret5se ( /atem5ts & affidavits :i*   
!y !mselves _h caus$ to be =g$4         
,,brew/] ,,c\ld ,,n ,,h ,,be5 ,,appo9t$ 
,,elector ,,if ,,he ,,_h ,,receiv$ ,,!  
,,votes ,,( ,,all ,,! ,,p ,,(           
,,l\isiana4    ,he _h be5 made          
,surveyor-,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = ! 
,di/rict  ( ,l\isiana1 on ! #b;d (      

,febru>y1 #ahgd2 0 recommission$ by     
,presid5t ,grant on ! #aa? ( ,febru>y1  
#ahge1 & is at pres5t  ex]cis+ ! (fice4 
,:e!r he has ev] be5 out ( ! (fice      
dep5ds ^u ! facts n[ to be m5tion$4     
,eight or n9e days aft] !  election (   
,novemb] #g1 #ahgf1 at :i* he 0 a       
c&idate on !  ,republican electoral     
ticket1 !re 0 receiv$ at ! ,dep>tm5t ( !
  ,int]ior1 f ! h&s ( ! ,presid5t1 ?is  
lett]3                                  
,,monroe1 ,novemb] #d1 #ahgf4           
,,de> ,,sir3 ,i h]eby t5d] my           
resignation ( ! (fice (                 
,surveyor-,g5]al ( ! ,/ate ( ,l\isiana1 
) ! reque/ t       x be accept$         
imm$iately4 ,) _m ?anks = y\r k9dness1  
,i rema91 y\rs respectfully1            
,o4 ,h4 ,,brew/]4         ,u4 ,s4       
,,grant1 ,presid5t ,unit$ ,/ates4    ,:5
 ! lett] 0 writt5 does n appe>4 ,x is   
c]ta9 t ,brew/]  0 act+ z               
,surveyor-,g5]al on ! #aj? ( ,novemb]4  
,on ! #af? ( ,novemb] a lett] 0 address$
 to ! ,commission] (  ! ,g5]al          

,l&-,(fice1 z foll[s3                   
,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior1           
,,wa%+ton1 ,novemb] #af1 #ahgf4         
,,sir3 ,i h receiv$ ! resignation ( ,mr4
 ,orl&o ,h4 ,brew/]1                    
,surveyor-,g5]al ( ,l\isiana1 :i* he has
 reque/$ may take       effect          
imm$iately4 ,please in=m ,mr4 ,brew/] t 
8 resignation       has be5 accept$ by !
 ,presid5t1 to take effect ,novemb] #d? 
in/ant1 t be+ ! date ( 8 lett] (        
resignation to ?is       ,dep>tm5t4     
,v respectfully1                        
,z4 ,,*&l]1 ,secret>y4    ,at :at "t1 if
 ev]1 ! ,commission] in=m$ ,brew/] ( !  
acceptance ( 8 resignation we d n "k1 b 
x c\ld n h be5  e>li] ?an ! #bj? (      
,novemb]4    ,on ! morn+ ( ! #f? (      
,decemb]1 ! f\r m5 :o assum$ to act  z !
 ,return+ ,bo>d ( ,l\isiana fil$ 9 !    
(fice ( !  ,secret>y ( t ,/ate a        
c]tificate t ,brew/]1 ) sev5 o!r        
p]sons1 _h be5 appo9t$ presid5tial      
electors4 ,!re 0 !n on !  /atute-book ( 
,l\isiana ?is enactm5t3         ,if any 

"o or m ( ! electors *os5 by ! p %all   
fail       f any cause :atev] to att5d  
at ! appo9t$ place at !       h\r ( #d  
,p4,m4 ( ! day prescrib$ = _! meet+1 x  
%all be       ! duty ( ! o!r electors   
imm$iately to proce$ by ballot to       
fill su* vacancy or vacancies4    ,:at  
,brew/] did is ?us told by ,kellogg1 "o 
( ! ,hayes electors1 on  8 exam9ation at
 ,wa%+ton 9 ,janu>y3         ,q4 ,did   
,levissee & ,brew/] vote at ! meet+ (   
electors8          ,a4 ,i believe !y    
did4          ,q4 ,0 n an appo9tm5t made
 = somebody to fill ,brew/]'s           
place8          ,a4 ,i believe t t is ! 
case4            ,q4 ,:o 0 appo9t$ to   
fill ,brew/]'s place8          ,a4      
,brew/] himself4          ,q4 ,! same   
man8          ,a4 ,! same man4          
,q4 ,7 y also in/ruct$ by ^! committees 
7,national &        ,congressional      
,republican ,committees7 h[ to dispose (
 ,brew/]        & ,levissee8            
,a4 ,my recollection is t "s "o ( !     
electors _h        receiv$ a lett]      

sugge/+ t 9 case ( a vacancy or 9 case  
( ! abs5ce ( ,levissee & ,brew/]1 !y    
%\ld be *os5 9        _! own places4 ,t 
is my recollection4            ,q4 ,&   
yet !y abs5t$ !mselves f ! electoral    
college1        & y fill$ _! vacancies )
 !mselves8          ,a4 ,!y 7 abs5t f ! 
college :5 ! college met1 & we          
fill$ _! vacancies by !mselves4    ,be+ 
?us in/all$1 !y vot$ = ,mr4 ,hayes )9 an
 h\r aft] !y  7 *os5 to fill _! own     
vacancies2 & ?ree days aft]w>d  ,brew/] 
address$ ! foll[+ lett] to ! ,presid5t3 
,,new ,,orleans1 ,,l\isiana1 ,decemb]   
#i1 #ahgf4         ,,sir3 ,i            
respectfully apply to be appo9t$        
,surveyor-,g5]al = !       ,di/rict (   
,l\isiana4 ,comm5dations f prom95t      
g5tlem5 w       be submitt$ to y\r      
,excell5cy to ju/ify ! appo9tm5t4       
,i h ! honor to rema9                   
,y\r v ob$i5t s]vant1                   
,,orl&o ,h4 ,,brew/]4         ,u4 ,s4   
,,grant1 ,presid5t ,unit$ ,/ates1       
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4    ,! reappo9tm5t 0   

made on ! #e? ( ,janu>y1 #ahgg4 ,! ,*ief
 ( !  ,appo9tm5t ,division 9 ! ,int]ior 
,dep>tm5t 0 ask$ & te/ifi$  ab\t x z    
foll[s3         ,q4 ,:o recomm5d$ 8     
appo9tm5t 9 ,janu>y8          ,a4 ,i ?9k
 ! probability is 7al?\gh !re is no     
evid5ce (        x7 t !re 0 no          
recomm5dation1 fur!r ?an 8 own          
application to ! ,presid5t4          ,q4
 ,y d n "k ( any recomm5dation8         
,a4 ,i d n "k ( any4          ,q4 ,!re  
is none on file8          ,a4 ,!re is   
none on file to ! be/ ( my k4 ,!re is   
none on file 9 ! ,int]ior ,dep>tm5t4    
,:o does n p]ceive ! %all[ trick by :i* 
,brew/] pret5d$ to  h dive/$ himself ( 8
 ,f$]al (fice t he might vote2 only to  
be re9ve/$ z soon z he _h vot$8    ,!   
lett] ( resignation1 ) its false date1 &
 its pret5d$  acceptance1 to take effect
 z ( a "t pa/1 7 evid5t %ams to make  x 
appe> t he 0 n hold] ( a ,f$]al (fice :5
 he 0  elect$2 8 affect+ to be abs5t on 
! #f? ( ,decemb]1 & com+  9 imm$iately  
to fill ! vacancy occasion$ by 8 own    

abs5ce1 9  ord] to make x appe> t 8     
appo9tm5t 0 made on t #f? (  ,decemb]1  
in/ead ( ! #g? ( ,novemb]1 & 8 b>efac$  
application  on ! ?ird day !reaft] to be
 reappo9t$ to ! ,f$]al (fice1  f :i* he 
c\ld n possibly h p]fect$ 8 resignation 
be=e  ! #bj? ( ,novemb]--all ^! 7 b s _m
 contrivances to evade  ! highe/        
enactm5t kn[n to our civil polity4 ,9 ! 
eye ( reason  & ( law1 he act$ dur+ !   
:ole p]iod "u t influ5ce (  (fice :i* x 
0 ! design ( ! ,con/itution to prev5t1 &
 he  mu/ h ent]$ m ?or\ghly into ! "w ( 
8 ,f$]al ma/]  ?an if he _h n gone ?r\gh
 ! =m ( resign+1 inasmu* z t  plac$ him1
 m ?an be=e1 9 8 ma/]'s p[]4    ,let u  
n[ place side by side ! comm&m5t ( !    
,con/itution &  ! resolution ( !        
,electoral ,commission3                 
,,comm&m5t4                             
,,resolution4                           
,no ,s5ator or ,repres5tative1    ,!    
,commission1 by a majority     or p]son 
hold+ an (fice (     ( votes1 is also ( 
! op9ion     tru/ or pr(it "u ! ,unit$  

t x is n compet5t to prove     ,/ates1  
%all be appo9t$ an       t any ( said   
p]sons1 s     elector4                  
appo9t$ electors z a=esaid1             
held an (fice ( tru/ or                 
pr(it "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates                
at ! "t :5 !y 7                         
appo9t$1 or t !y 7                      
ineligible "u ! laws ( !                
,/ate1 or any o!r matt]                 
(f]$ to be prov$ aliunde                
! said c]tificates &                    
pap]s4    ,x w\ld be unju/ to ca/ ^u !  
,electoral ,commission ! blame (  all ! 
wrong t has be5 practis$ 9 ?is          
presid5tial c\nt4 ,!  ,commission 0 b a 
c\ncil ( advice1 :i* ,congress might h  
tak5  or n1 z x pleas$1 ! only condition
 be+ t1 9 ord] to reject  x1 bo? ,h\ses 
mu/ h agre$4 ,! responsibility ( ! f9al 
decision lay1 aft] all1 ^u ,congress1 or
 r1 ^u ! ,s5ate1  :i* vot$ ?r\gh\t to   
foll[ ! ,commission4           99       
99       99       99       99    ,!     
facts ?us briefly recit$ pres5t c]ta9   

que/ions--moral1  political1 &          
legal--:i* _c be consid]$ too soon = our
 good  repute & our self-respect4       
,,! ,,moral ,,"q4    ,:atev] diff]5ces (
 op9ion !re may be ab\t ! political &   
legal que/ions involv$1 !re c be none   
ab\t ! moral4 ,!  presid5tial (fice is !
 gift ( ! p ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 (  _! own
 free-w1 express$ accord+ to ! laws4 ,a 
falsification (  t w is an (f5se aga9/ !
 ,/ate :]e x is committ$1 &  aga9/ all !
 ,/ates4 ,if ! falsification is beyond !
 rea* ( !  law1 x is n beyond ! rea* ( !
 consci5ce4 ,a robb]y is none !  less a 
robb]y because x is beyond ! range (    
vision or ! arm (  ju/ice4 ,if !        
possessor ( an e/ate has ent]$ ?r\gh !  
=g]y  ( a record or ! spoliation ( a w1 
:i* al?\gh believ$ by  e neighbor is    
beyond judicial pro(1 all ! _w pron\nces
 8  possession fraudul5t1 ev5 ?\gh he   
scatt]s 8 weal? 9 *>ities  & ga!rs _m   
companions ar\nd 8 luxuri\s table4 ,!   
example is  corrupt+1 b x is aga9/ !    
et]nal law ( ju/ice t ! act  %\ld be    

respect$ or ! actors cont9ue =ev] to    
prosp]4    ,x is no answ] to ^!         
obs]vations to say t frauds h be5       
practis$ on ! o!r side4 ,unhappily !re  
is too mu* reason to  believe t nei!r   
p>ty is free f practices :i* are at once
 a  sc\rge & a di%onor4 ,nei!r has !    
disgraceful monopoly ( su*  practices1  
:i*ev] may h ! bad prem95ce4 ,b ?is is  
c]ta93  "o wrong nei!r ju/ifies nor     
palliates ano!r4    ,!re is no set-(f   
kn[n to ! moral law4 ,because ,a has    
defraud$ ,b1  t is no reason :y ,b %\ld 
defraud ,a4 ,if x 7 s1 society w\ld  g  
on =ev] 9 a comp\nd ratio ( crime4 ,!   
fir/ brea* ( ! law  w\ld furni% excuse =
 ! second1 & _! prog5y w\ld foll[ 9  sad
 progression to ! end ( "t4 ,?is is n1  
h[ev]1 ! moral  condition ( ! _w4 ,! lex
 talionis has be5 aboli%$ by ! law  (   
civilization & ! high] law ( ! gospel4  
,9 ?is case ( ,l\isiana !re c be nei!r  
excuse nor palliation =  ! misconduct ( 
! ,return+ ,bo>d4    ,on ! #aj? (       
,novemb]1 ,presid5t ,grant telegraph$ to

 ! ,g5]al (  ! ,army in/ructions ab\t   
troops 9 ,l\isiana & ,florida1 & add$  t
 no man wor?y ( ! (fice ( ,presid5t %\ld
 be will+ to  hold x if c\nt$ 9 or plac$
 !re by fraud4 ,ei!r p>ty c af=d  to be 
disappo9t$ 9 ! result4 ,! c\ntry _c af=d
 to h !  result ta9t$ by ! suspicion (  
illegal or false returns4 ,&  aga93 ,!  
pres5ce ( citiz5s f o!r ,/ates1 ,i      
und]/&1 is  reque/$ 9 ,l\isiana1 to see 
t ! ,bo>d ( ,canvass]s makes a  fair    
c\nt ( ! vote actually ca/4 ,x is to be 
hop$ t  repres5tative & fair m5 ( bo?   
p>ties w g4    ,did ! ,presid5t ( t day 
misrepres5t 8 p>ty1 or 8 successor1  or 
has ! p>ty *ang$ & ! successor also8 ,_h
 ! virtu\s  impulses ( ,novemb] fad$    
away 9 ,febru>y8 ,0 !re a *ange ( he>t  
or a *ange ( opportunity8 ,nei!r        
,congress nor ! ,electoral  ,commission 
c\ld give an hone/ title1 )\t inve/igat+
 !  hone/y ( ! transactions on :i* !    
title 0 f\nd$2 & yet a  ,presid5t has   
be5 in/all$1 9 ! face ( reject$ (f]s to 
prove  frauds1 ! grosse/1 ! mo/         

%ameless1 & ! mo/ corrupt+1 9  all our  
hi/ory4    ,!n :at 0 ! object ( !       
committees ( ea* ,h\se ( ,congress1  s5t
 into ! disput$ ,/ates8 ,0 x to bl9d !  
p8 ,0 x to  conceal a m$itat$ fraud8 ,on
 ! v fir/ day ( ! session1  ,decemb]    
#d?1 ,mr4 ,edmunds1 9 ! ,s5ate1 mov$    
c]ta9 resolutions1 (  :i* ?is 0 "o3     
,resolv$ fur!r1 ,t ! said committee 7!  
,committee on       ,privileges &       
,elections7 be1 & is h]eby1 in/ruct$ to 
inquire       into ! eligibility to     
(fice "u ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates ( any p]sons alleg$ to h be5     
ineligible on ! #g?       day ( ,novemb]
 la/1 or to be ineligible z electors (  
,presid5t       & ,vice-,presid5t ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 to :om c]tificates (     
election h be51 or %all be1 issu$ by !  
,executive au?ority       ( any ,/ate1 z
 su* electors1 & :e!r ! appo9tm5t (     
electors1 or ^? claim+ to be su*1 9 any 
( ! ,/ates1 has       be5 made ei!r by  
=ce1 fraud1 or o!r means o!rwise ?an 9  
con=mity ) ! ,con/itution & laws ( !    

,unit$ ,/ates1 &       ! laws ( !       
respective ,/ates2 & :e!r any su*       
appo9tm5t or action ( any su* elector   
has be5 9 any wise                      
uncon/itutionally or unlawfully int]f]$ 
)2 & to inquire       & report :e!r     
,congress has any con/itutional p[]1 &1 
if       s1 :at & ! ext5t !re(1 9       
respect ( ! appo9tm5t (       or action 
( electors ( ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t
 ( ! ,unit$       ,/ates1 or ov] returns
 or c]tificates ( votes ( su* electors1 
etc4    ,0 all ?is p>ade ( committees   
s5t hi!r & ?i!r1 summon+  witnesses f f>
 & ne>1 committ+ ! recusant to prison1 &
  look+ into ,/ate ar*ives2 0 all ?is a 
mock %[1 a piece (  pantomime1 = !      
amusem5t ( ! look]s-on1 :ile            
conspirators 7  plott+ h[ to conceal :at
 !y pret5d$ to be wi%+ to discov]8      
,tak5 all 9 all1 ! s\nd+ pr(ession1 !   
bu/l+ se>*1 & !  /udi$ concealm5t1 make 
a drama1 half com$y & half trag$y1 !  l 
( :i* ?is g5]ation has n se5 till n[1 b 
! l (  :i* x & its successors may see _m

 times1 if ! audi5ce does n  hiss !     
play1 & remit ! actors to ! /reets4     
,x has be5 object$1 z a reason = n      
receiv+ (f]$ evid5ce1  t !re 0 n "t to  
take x be=e ! #d? ( ,m>*4 ,h[ 0 t  kn[n8
 ,p]haps x c\ld h be5 tak5 9 an h\r4 ,:y
 0 n !  "q ask$1 h[ mu* "t ! evid5ce    
w\ld take1 be=e x 0  exclud$8 ,if !     
c]tificate 0 false1 & ! falsehood 0     
susceptible ( pro(1 e ef=t possible %\ld
 h be5 made to  receive x1 & receive x  
all4 ,x is n commonly accept$ z good    
reason = n se>*+ aft] ! tru?1 t ! se>*  
may be  difficult4 ,nor is x an unusual 
occurr5ce to require an argum5t or      
decision to be made )9 a p]iod limit$4  
,t5 m9utes' spee*es 9  ,congress1 two   
h\rs' argum5t 9 ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 a jury
 %ut 9 a  room until !y agree ^u a      
v]dict1 a c\rt requir$ by /atute to     
r5d] its decision by a day fix$1 are n s
 /range z to be  rem>kable1 or f\nd 9   
practice s emb>rass+ z to cause !       
practice to be ab&on$4    ,nor is x any 
answ] to say t1 if ! (f] ( evid5ce _h   

be5  accept$1 ! pro( w\ld h fall5 %ort (
 ! (f]4 ,t does n  lie 9 ! m\? ( any "o 
to say1 :o exclud$ ! evid5ce1 or        
ju/ifi$ its exclusion4 ,! *>act]s ( !   
c\nsel :o made !  (f]1 & ( ! commission]
 :o mov$ its acceptance1 are a gu>antee 
n only ( _! good fai?1 b ( a reason = _!
 belief4 ,no man  has any "r to d5y t ! 
pro( (f]$ w\ld h be5 made good1  :o     
refus$ ! opportunity4 ,!y :o clos$ _!   
e>s %\ld 9  dec5cy keep _! m\?s %ut4 ,b 
x 0 n ! c\nsel & !  commission] alone :o
 believ$ t ! pro( (f]$ w\ld be made     
good4 ,e "o :o witness$ ! exam9ations 9 
,wa%+ton1 e "o  :o read ! te/imony tak5 
by ! ,congressional ,committees 9       
,l\isiana1 mu/ h be5 satisfi$ t !       
conduct ( ! ,return+  ,bo>d 0 ?r\gh\t   
unlawful1 wick$1 & %ock+1 to ! la/      
degree4    ,! title ( ! act+ ,presid5t1 
h[ev] valid 9 law1 if valid at  all1 is 
ta9t$ ) fraud 9 fact4 ,!re 0 fraud 9    
c]tify+ t  ,brew/] _h receiv$ a majority
 ( ! votes ( ,l\isiana1 & fraud 9       
attempt+ to evade t "p ( ! ,con/itution 

:i* pron\nc$ 8  disqualification4 ,:5 ! 
,electoral ,commission advis$ ,congress1
 &  ,congress accept$1 by n reject+1 !  
advice1 t fraud c\ld n be  prov$1 t     
advice be+ b ! equival5t ( say+ t fraud 
0 (  no consequ5ce2 :5 x advis$ t !     
incompet5cy ( ! ,return+  ,bo>d1 = want 
( jurisdiction1 c\ld n be prov$1 su*    
pro( be+  b ! equival5t ( pro( t !      
pret5d$ bo>d 0 n a bo>d at  all2 :5 x   
advis$ t ! =g]y1 by direction ( ! bo>d1 
( !  /atem5ts & affidavits on :i* x     
pret5d$ to act z true c\ld n  be prov$1 
t pro( be+ b ! equival5t ( pro( t !     
pret5d$ /atem5ts & affidavits 7 n       
/atem5ts & affidavits  at all2 :5 x     
advis$ t ! b>ri] rais$ by ! ,con/itution
  aga9/ ! appo9tm5t ( a ,f$]al (fic] to 
*oose a ,f$]al  ,presid5t1 0 n a b>ri]  
at all--! moral s5se ( ! :ole  ,am]ican 
p 0 %ock$4 ,no =m ( words c cov] up !   
falsehood2 no sophi/ry c hide x2 no     
lapse ( "t wa% x out4 ,x  w foll[ its   
contriv]s :]ev] !y g1 confront !m :5ev] 
!y  turn1 & z (t5 z "o ( !m asks !      

suffrages ( 8 c\ntrym51  he may expect  
to he> !m reply1 ,:y d y reason ) u1 :y 
seek  to p]suade u into giv+ y our      
votes1 y t h taught u su* a  contempt = 
votes1 t "o fraudul5t c]tificate is     
bett] ?an t5  ?\s& ( !m8      ,,!       
,,political ,,"q4    ,! advice ( !      
,commission1 ) ! consequ5t action (     
,congress1  0 a virtual affirmation (   
?is proposition1 t if on ! morn+ (  !   
#f? ( ,decemb] ! ,f$]al g5]al comm&+ 9  
,l\isiana _h  surr\nd$ ! ,/ate-,h\se )  
soldi]s1 & m>*+ 9 eight ( 8  capta9s1 _h
 compell$ ! ,return+ ,bo>d to c]tify _! 
appo9tm5t z electors1 & ! ,gov]nor to   
add 8 c]tificate1  ,congress & ! c\ntry 
w\ld h be5 oblig$ to accept ! votes (   
^! capta9s z ! con/itutional & lawful   
votes ( ,l\isiana  electors4 ,:oev]     
supposes t ! union ( ^! ,/ates c endure 
"u su* an int]pretation ( _! fundam5tal 
law1 mu/ be end[$  ) cr$ulity beyond !  
simplicity ( *ildhood4 ,! doctr9e is an 
op5 invitation to transgression &       
usurpation4 ,! judici\s  disposition ( a

 few troops 9 ! capitals ( disput$      
,/ates1 on !  day ( ! electoral vote1 w 
p]petuate an ,adm9i/ration j s  long z !
 audacity ( a ,presid5t1 or ! cupidity (
 8  (fice-hold]s1 may f9d x desirable2  
unless1 inde$1 x be f\nd1 z  is mo/     
likely1 t ! ways ( fraud are *eap]1     
easi]1 & less  palpable ?an ! ways (    
=ce4      ,,! ,,legal ,,"q4    ,z to !  
conclusiv5ess ( ! ,gov]nor's &          
canvass]s'  c]tificates4 ,! doctr9e ( ! 
majority ( ! ,commission1 & (  ! ,s5ate1
 is1 t ! c]tificate ( ! ,gov]nor on &   
accord+  to ! det]m9ation & decl>ation (
 ! ,/ate canvass]s1 _c  be %[n to be    
false1 ?\gh x may h be5 obta9$ by =ce or
  fraud4 ,?is doctr9e admits t ! tru? ( 
! ,gov]nor's  c]tificate c be inquir$   
into1 else :y ! qualification t x  mu/  
be on & accord+ to ! canvass]'s         
c]tificate4 ,x is said  to be good only 
:5 9 su* accord2 !re=e1 :5 n 9 accord1 x
  is good = no?+4 ,we may1 !n1 dismiss !
 ,gov]nor's c]tificate z  ( no acc\nt1 &
 to be left !re=e out ( fur!r           

discussion4 ,!  sub/ance ( ! doctr9e is1
 t ! c]tificate ( ! ,/ate  canvass]s _c 
be contradict$4    ,?is language mu/1 ( 
c\rse1 be und]/ood1 z us$ 9 ref]5ce to  
! "q at t "t dep5d+2 t is to say1 :e!r  
evid5ce to  contradict or annul !       
c]tificate 0 !n & !re admissible4 ,x  _h
 already be5 decid$ 9 ! ,florida case t 
no action ( ! ,/ate  au?orities1 aft] ! 
electors _h vot$1 c\ld affect ! validity
 (  ! vote4 ,:e!r su* action be=e ! vote
 w\ld h be5 ( any  avail 0 n decid$1 & w
 nev] be decid$1 unless a radical  *ange
 is made 9 ! laws1 s9ce1 accord+ to     
pres5t legislation1 !  vote ( ! electors
 treads fa/ on ! heels ( _! appo9tm5t4  
,9  ,florida1 !y 7 decl>$ appo9t$ at    
?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+1  & !y vot$ at   
twelve1 j n9e h\rs aft]w>d4 ,9 ,l\isiana
 !  int]val 0 ev5 less4 ,to suppose t   
any ,/ate action w\ld or c\ld  be _h 9  
su* an int]val1 or 9 any int]val        
possible "u pres5t  laws1 w\ld be z wild
 z to suppose t c\nt+ 9 a ,presid5t by  
fraud w n be foll[$ by imitators at     

future elections4    ,tak+ ! doctr9e1   
h[ev]1 precisely z x 0 appli$ 9 !       
in/ance ( ,l\isiana1 x is ?is3 t !      
c]tificate ( ,/ate  canvass]s _c be     
impea*$ by evid5ce %[+ ei!r t !y _h  no 
jurisdiction to canvass ! electoral vote
 at all1 or t !y _h  no jurisdiction to 
?r[ away votes t 7 actually ca/1 inasmu*
 z  ! p[] to ?r[ away came into exi/5ce 
only :5 affidavits 7  laid be=e !m1 &   
!re 7 no affidavits except su* z !y _h  
caus$ to be =g$1 :i*1 9 ! eye ( ! law1 7
 n affidavits  at all4    ,"o w\ld say t
 su* a doctr9e1 held up 9 its nak$ness1 
ne$  h>dly be attack$1 = no man1 n      
madd5$ by ! fanaticism ( p>ty1  w\ld be 
f\nd will+ to def5d x2 yet if n def5d$1 
!  disposition ( ! ,l\isiana case mu/ be
 pron\nc$ z uns\nd 9 law  z x 0 injuri\s
 9 policy & (f5sive 9 morals4 ,b ,i g   
fur!r1  & d5y ! conclusiv5ess ( !       
canvass]s' c]tificate "u any            
circum/ances4 ,suppose ! "q to be put   
?us3 ,c ! c]tificate  ( ,/ate canvass]s1
 act+ )9 ! scope ( _! au?ority1 be      

que/ion$ by evid5ce ( mi/ake1 fraud1 or 
duress2 :at %\ld be !  answ]8 ,mo/      
c]ta9ly x c1 %\ld be answ]$4    ,!      
/atutes ( ! ,/ate may or may n h decl>$ 
! effect ( !  c]tificate4 ,9 ! case (   
,l\isiana1 ?is 0 ! only /atute          
relevant3         ,! returns ( !        
elections ?us made & promulgat$ %all be 
prima-facie evid5ce 9 all c\rts ( ju/ice
 & be=e all       civil (fic]s1 until   
set aside aft] a conte/ accord+ to law1 
( ! "r ( any p]son nam$ !re9 to hold &  
ex]cise !       (fice to :i* he %all by 
su* return be decl>$ elect$4    ,:atev] 
d\bt may h be5 express$ or felt :e!r ?is
 /atute  appli$ to ! canvass]s ( a      
presid5tial election1 or :e!r !  words  
prima facie really meant prima facie1 or
 :e!r c\rts (  ju/ice1 & civil (fic]s1  
includ$ ! ,electoral ,commission &  !   
two ,h\ses ( ,congress1 !re c be no d\bt
 t ! returns (  ! elections ?us made &  
promulgat$ d n include returns  canvass$
 )\t jurisdiction1 or made "u cov] (    
pret5d$  affidavits :i* ! return+ (fic]s

 !mselves caus$ to be =g$4    ,b1 pass+ 
f ?is view ( ! subject1 al?\gh ?is is   
suffici5t  to dispose ( ,brew/]'s       
pret5sions1 let u suppose a /rong]      
case--! /ronge/ supposable--t ( a ,/ate 
,legislature direct+  n only ! mann] 9  
:i* electors %all be appo9t$1 b direct+ 
also t ! c]tificate ( ! ,/ate canvass]s 
%all be conclusive  evid5ce t ! ,/ate   
has appo9t$ 9 ! mann] direct$4          
,because ! ,con/itution provides t      
electors %all be appo9t$ by  ! ,/ate1 9 
! mann] direct$ by its ,legislature1 x  
is !nce  inf]r$ t ! ,/ate mu/ furni% !  
evid5ce ( ! appo9tm5t1  & ( c\rse t none
 c be receiv$ except t :i* ! ,/ate has  
furni%$4 ,& ?is is said to be ! true    
,/ates-rights doctr9e4 ,x is  a /range  
sight1 t ( g5tlem5 clamor+ = ,/ate      
rights :o w  n all[ ! p ( ,l\isiana &   
,s\? ,c>ol9a to take c>e (  !mselves2 :o
 are ev5 n[ debat+ at ,wa%+ton :e!r !y  
%all  n ord] new elections 9 ^? ,/ates1 
or :i* ( two ,/ate  gov]nm5ts !y %all   
put up & :i* put d[n1 & :o s9ce ! w>  h 

treat$ ! ,s\? z if no ,/ates 7 !re1     
p>cel+ x into  milit>y di/ricts1 & d5y+ 
recognition until con/itutional         
am5dm5ts 7 ratifi$4 ,_! ass]tion ( !    
conclusiv5ess ( false  & fraudul5t      
canvass]s' c]tificates1 on ! pret5se (  
uphold+  ,/ate rights1 %\ld seem to be  
?r[n 9 our faces by way ( bravado1      
unless x be meant1 inde$1 = burlesque   
mask+ hypocrisy4 ,b if !  sight 7 n     
/range1 & ^? g5tlem5 _h be5 all along z 
c>eful ( ! rights ( ! ,/ates z !y are ( 
_! own places1  !re is no?+ 9 ! claim = 
! conclusiv5ess ( canvass]s'            
c]tificates :i* receives support f !    
doctr9e ( ,/ate rights4  ,on ! contr>y1 
! rights ( ! ,/ates are be/ pres]v$ by  
f5c+  !m aga9/ =ce or fraud1 by leav+ !m
 untrammel$ 9 _! own  action1 & leav+ u 
untrammel$ 9 f9d+ out :at t action has  
be54 ,no rights are ev] lo/ by lett+ 9 !
 light4    ,a c]tificate c be conclusive
 evid5ce ( ! ,/ates' action1 only  :5 ! 
act & ! c]tificate are id5tical4 ,if !  
,con/itution _h  provid$ t !re %\ld be  

s5t f ea* ,/ate a c]tificate sign$  by  
su* p]sons z ! ,legislature might       
designate1 decl>+ :o %\ld  ca/ !        
electoral votes1 !n ! only inquiry t    
c\ld h be5  made at ,wa%+ton w\ld h be51
 :e!r ! c]tificate s5t up 0  s sign$ & !
 p]sons !re9 m5tion$ _h vot$2 b !       
,con/itution has provid$ no?+ ( ! k9d4  
,x has provid$ t !  ,/ate %all appo9t 9 
! mann] direct$ by its ,legislature1 & !
  inquiry !reupon to be made at !       
,capitol is1 ,:om has ! ,/ate  appo9t$ 9
 ! mann] direct$8    ,we agree t ! ,/ate
 has complete p[]1 )9 c]ta9 limits      
reg>d+ ! p]sons :o may be appo9t$1 to   
appo9t its electors 9  any mann] its    
,legislature may direct1 b :e!r ! ,/ate 
has done s  is op5 to inquiry4          
,canvass]s ( votes are n ! ,/ate1 or !  
,legislature ( ! ,/ate1 & _! c]tificate 
is no?+ b evid5ce4  ,two facts are to be
 %[n3 "o t ! ,/ate has act$1 & ! o!r  t 
! act has be5 9 con=mity to ! directions
 ( !  ,legislature4 ,!re is no?+ 9      
positive law1 or 9 ! reason (  ?+s1 :i*1

 if ! fact c]tifi$ d n exi/1 requires t 
its  falsity %\ld n be op5 to pro(4     
,! ,electoral ,commission & ! ,s5ate    
read ! ,con/itution z if !  words foll[+
 9 italics 7 "p ( x3         ,ea* ,/ate 
%all appo9t1 9 su* mann] z !            
,legislature       !re( may direct1 a   
numb] ( electors equal to ! :ole numb]  
( ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives to :i* !   
,/ate may be entitl$       9 !          
,congress2 b no ,s5ator or              
,repres5tative1 or p]son       hold+ an 
(fice ( tru/ or pr(it "u ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 %all       be appo9t$ an        
elector4 ,& ! c]tificate ( su* (fic]s z 
! ,legislature ( ! ,/ate may designate  
%all be conclusive       evid5ce1 n only
 t ! p]sons c]tifi$ 7 appo9t$ by !      
,/ate1 b t !y 7 appo9t$ 9 ! mann]       
direct$ by its       ,legislature1 any  
mi/ake1 fraud1 or duress1 ( ! c]tify+   
(fic]s to ! contr>y not)/&+4    ,b !    
words ( ! ,con/itution z !y /& d n c>ry 
) !m  ! words 9 italics1 or _! sub/ance2
 & if x _h be5 propos$ to  add !m :5 !  

,con/itution 0 pres5t$ to ! p1 ,i d n   
believe t !y w\ld h be5 accept$4    ,_h 
x be5 sugge/$ to ! freem5 (             
,massa*usetts or ,connecticut  t !y %\ld
 give to ! ,legislature ( ano!r ,/ate n 
only !  "r ( designat+ h[ ! electors    
%\ld be *os51 ^: voices  might make a   
,presid5t = !m1 b also ! "r to designate
 a  p]man5t bo>d1 ) p[] to say1 9 ! face
 ( ! tru?1 :o _h or  _h n be5 *os51 !   
voices ( ,john ,hancock & ,oliv]        
,ellswor?  w\ld surely h w>n$ ! good p (
 _! native ,commonweal?s  aga9/ s       
dang]\s a proposition4    ,!re is no    
necess>y connection betwe5 an appo9tm5t 
& !  c]tificate ( x1 unless ! two acts  
are p]=m$ by ! same  p]sons4 ,if !      
appo9tm5t ( electors = ,l\isiana _h be5 
committ$  to ! ,return+ ,bo>d1 !n !re   
might be reason = say+ t !  c]tificate 0
 conclusive1 because !y appo9t$ :5 !y   
c]tifi$4  ,b ! bo>d _h n ! p[] (        
appo9tm5t4 ,t p[] c\ld n  h be5 giv5 to 
!m1 if ! ,legislature ( ,l\isiana _h s  
int5d$1 & x did n s int5d4    ,! p[] to 

give a conclusive c]tificate (          
appo9tm5t--t is1 a  c]tificate t        
precludes fur!r inquiry--is virtually a 
p[] to  appo9t1 s9ce no "o is !n p]mitt$
 to g beh9d ! c]tificate to  %[ t !re 0 
nei!r valid appo9tm5t nor =m (          
appo9tm5t4  ,unless1 !re=e1 !           
,legislature ( ,l\isiana c\ld1 "u !     
,con/itution1 conf] ^u ! ,return+ ,bo>d 
p[] to appo9t  presid5tial electors =   
,l\isiana1 x c\ld n conf] ^u x p[]  to  
give a conclusive c]tificate (          
appo9tm5t4 ,! con/itution (  ?is        
,return+ ,bo>d is kn[n to u all4 ,x 0 a 
p]man5t body1  hold+ = an undef9$ p]iod1
 or = life1 consi/+ ( f\r  p]sons ( "o  
p>ty1 :5 !re %\ld h be5 five1 ( diff]5t 
p>ties2 & ! f\r _h p]si/5tly refus$ =   
ye>s to select a  fif?4 ,to pret5d t su*
 a body 01 or c\ld lawfully be1 emp[]$  
to appo9t eight electors = ! p (        
,l\isiana1 to mat* !  eight :o 7 appo9t$
 by ! p ( ,m>yl&1 w\ld be simple        
effront]y2 & mo/ c]ta9ly1 z ,i h said1  
if !y c\ld n  appo9t1 !y c\ld n give an 

incontrov]tible c]tificate (  appo9tm5t4
 ,! c]tificate is "o ?+2 ! appo9tm5t    
ano!r4 ,!  ,/ate appo9ts & !            
,legislature directs ! mann] (          
appo9tm5t1  b nei!r c make true t :i* is
 false4    ,n[ z to ! p]son appo9t$4    
,brew/] 0 "o ( ! v p]sons  s\ght to be  
exclud$ by ^! words ( ! ,con/itution3   
,no ,s5ator or  ,repres5tative1 or p]son
 hold+ an (fice ( tru/ or pr(it "u !    
,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be appo9t$ an       
elector4 ,he 01 nev]!less1  appo9t$1 &  
he vot$1 & 8 vote made ! ,presid5t4 ,h[ 
0 ?is  br\ght ab\t8 ,! ,commission      
answ]1 ,t x is n compet5t to prove  t   
any ( said p]sons s appo9t$ electors z  
a=esaid held an  (fice ( tru/ or pr(it  
"u ! ,unit$ ,/ates at ! "t :5 !y  7     
appo9t$4 ,( c\rse1 if x 0 n compet5t to 
prove x1 !  fact itself mu/ h be5 ( no  
importance4    ,b5?am's ,book (         
,fallacies may be enri*$1 9 ano!r       
edition1 )  ano!r fallacy1 z rem>kable z
 any he has record$1 to wit1 t          
prohibition 9 ! ,am]ican ,con/itution   

means prohibition6 ,talleyr&  0 once    
ask$ ! mean+ ( non-int]v5tion4          
,non-int]v5tion1 he  repli$1            
non-int]v5tion means ab\t ! same ?+ z   
int]v5tion4  ,s1 9 our new con/itutional
 vocabul>y1 prohibition means ab\t !    
same ?+ z p]mission4    ,x 01 inde$1    
m5tion$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! argum5t1 ?\gh !   
,commission does n appe> to h ?\ght mu* 
( x1 t ,brew/]1  hav+ resign$ 8 ,f$]al  
(fice1 & come 9 ^u a new appo9tm5t1  to 
fill 8 own vacant place on ! #f? (      
,decemb]1 be+ !n bo?  pres5t & abs5t1 ! 
"q ( eligibility did n arise4 ,b  en\gh 
has be5 said ab\t ?is resignation %am4  
,if su* a trick _h  be5 play$ 9 respect 
to a note-(-h& ( five doll>s1 !re is n a
  ju/ice ( ! peace :o w\ld n h d5\nc$ ! 
trick1 z  conf]r+ no "r & af=d+ no      
protection4    ,! p ( ,new ,york 7      
amus$1 ?ree or f\r ye>s ago1 ) !  feats 
( a juggl]1 :o dress$ "o side ( him z a 
man1 & ! o!r  z a woman1 & :o turn$ ab\t
 s quickly t he %[$ himself z  two      
p]sons ( diff]5t sexes 9 ! same in/ant4 

,brew/]'s feat 0  n less rem>kable3 he 0
 at once abs5t & pres5t2 abs5t t he     
might be appo9t$1 & pres5t t he might   
vote2 w5t ?r\gh !  :ole p]=mance 9 less 
?an an h\r1 abs5t+ himself t he might   
be call$ 9 to be pres5t1 pres5t+ himself
 ?\gh abs5t1 vot+  ballots & sign+      
c]tificates1 %[+ himself to be z        
v]satile &  z agile z t ma/] ( juggl]y4 
,^u :at !ory ! ,commission held t       
evid5ce c\ld n be  receiv$ ( ,brew/]'s  
,f$]al (fice at ! "t ( 8 appo9tm5t  does
 n appe>4 ,he c]ta9ly 0 9 ! prohibit$   
category4 ,a m>riage  betwe5 p]sons )9  
prohibit$ degrees is n good1 ev5 if     
consummat$4 ,! prohibit$ union ( two    
(fices 9 ! same p]son  %\ld n be ?\ght a
 legal union1 simply because x is       
practis$4 ,x  has be5 said1 ?\gh !      
,commission did n say x1 t ,brew/] 0  at
 lea/ elector de facto1 & 8 vote 0 good1
 :atev] may h  be5 8 title4 ,!n :y %\ld 
we tr\ble ourselves ab\t ! return+      
(fic]'s c]tificate8 ,if1 z elector de   
facto1 8 vote 0 good1  !n x 0 good )\t !

 c]tificate1 & all t ! ,commission  %\ld
 h look$ into 0 ! fact ( vot+1 )\t      
tr\bl+  !mselves ab\t ! c]tificate (    
anybody or any o!r evid5ce (  title4 ,b1
 9 tru?1 ! di/9ctions betwe5 (fic]s de  
facto &  (fic]s de jure h no application
 to ! pres5t case1 & = ?is  reason1     
among o!rs1 t two p]sons _c hold ! same 
(fice de  facto4 ,x is ( ! ess5ce ( a de
 facto possession ( (fice t  x %\ld be  
exclusive4 ,! ,*ancellor ( ,new ,york   
said1 9 a judicial  op9ion1 m ?an ?irty 
ye>s ago3 ,:5 !re is b "o (fice !re  _c 
be an (fic] de jure & an (fic] de facto 
bo? 9  possession ( ! (fice at ! same   
"t4 ,?is is true ev5 :5 !  (fice is a   
cont9u+ "o4 ,:o1 = in/ance1 c say :i* ( 
!  rival ,gov]nors 9 ,l\isiana or ,s\?  
,c>ol9a at ?is mom5t is !  ,gov]nor de  
facto8 ,9 decid+ betwe5 !m1 w\ld n all !
 _w  pron\nce ?is ! only "q1 :i* is     
,gov]nor de jure8 ,mu* m  is x true :5 !
 (fice is tempor>y1 exi/+ b = a mom5t1  
ev5  if ! doctr9e ( a de facto (fic] c  
be appli$ to su* an (fice  at all4 ,9 ! 

pres5t case1 ,brew/] w5t into !         
,/ate-,h\se &  vot$ = ,mr4 ,hayes2 at ! 
same in/ant 8 rival w5t into ! same     
,/ate-,h\se & vot$ = ,mr4 ,tild54 ,x is 
absurd to pron\nce  ,brew/]1 "u su*     
circum/ances1 an elector de facto1 s z  
to make  8 vote = t reason good aga9/ 8 
rival 9 ! ,tild5 college1  :o 0 z mu* an
 elector de facto z 0 ,brew/]1 & _h ?is 
diff]5ce 9 8 favor1 t he 0 elect$1 & 0  
eligible1 :ile  ,brew/]1 ! intrud]1 0 n 
eligible1 & 0 n elect$4 ,! only  returns
 :i* w5t to ! ,electoral ,commission 7 !
 d\ble ones1  :]e rival colleges (      
electors _h act$ at ! same "t 9 ! same  
,/ate4 ,9 ^? cases1 z already obs]v$1 ! 
"q ( a de facto  elector c\ld n arise4  
,!re 0 b "o case1 t ( ,wiscons91  :]e x 
c\ld h aris51 & 9 t !re 0 b a s+le      
return1  :i*1 ( c\rse1 did n g to !     
,commission4      ,,conclusion4         
,al?\gh ^! pages h be5 occupi$ ) ! vote 
( ,brew/] 9 !  electoral college1 x %\ld
 n be und]/ood1 t ! o!r sev5  votes :i* 
7 c\nt$ f t ,/ate1 & ! f\r votes c\nt$  

f ,florida1 7 any bett] ?an 84 ,! "o "h 
consid]$ _h its  peculi>ities2 ! o!rs _h
 !irs4 ,all ( !m 7 ta9t$1 & !  c\nt+ 9 (
 ! ,presid5t de facto 0 twelve times    
fraudul5t4  ,:at may be ! outcome ,i d n
 "k4 ,t w dep5d ^u ! _s  ( ?is g5]ation 
& ! _s ( ^? to foll[4 ,x is a           
consolation to "k t ! que/ions w be     
review$ by a tribunal  high] ?an !      
,electoral ,commission1 high] ev5 ?an ! 
two ,h\ses (  ,congress-! ,am]ican p--f 
^: judgm5t !re is no appeal b  to ! f9al
 judgm5t ( hi/ory4    ,,new ,,york1 ,m>*
 #bh1 #ahgg4           99       99      
99       99       99      ,transcrib]'s 
note      ,! foll[+ *anges h be5 made to
 ! text3    ,page #d3 cont9e *ang$ to   
conf9e4    ,page #g3 reciv$ *ang$ to    
receiv$4    ,page #bb3 de-facto *ang$ to
 de facto4      ,all o!r inconsi/5cies  
are z 9 ! orig9al4