,note3 = ease ( read+1 ?is portion ( ! text file does n indicate ! s\rce book's macron-iz$ *>act]s4 ,= complet5ess & m in=mation1 ref] to ! fully macron-iz$ v]sion t foll[s ?is portion--se>* = ,note34 ,namo ,tassa ,bhagavato ,arahato ,samma ,sambuddhassa ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,cate*ism ,,by ,,h5ry ,s4 ,,olcott ,,presid5t-,,f\nd] ,,( ,,! ,,!osophical ,,society ,approv$ & recomm5d$ = use 9 ,buddhi/ s*ools by ,h4 ,sumangala1 ,pradhana ,nayaka ,/havira1 ,high ,prie/ ( ,sripada & ! ,we/]n ,prov9ce & ,pr9cipal ( ! ,vidyodaya ,p>iv5a ,,=ty-,,f\r? ,,edition4 7,correct$7 ,!osophical ,publi%+ ,h\se1 ,ady>1 ,madras ,,london ,,& ,,b5>es3 ,,!osophical ,,publi%+ ,,society #aiae ,,d$ication ,9 tok5 ( respect & affection ,i d$icate to my c\nsellor & fri5d ( _m ye>s1 ,hikkaduwe ,sumangala1 ,pradhana ,nayaka ,/havira & ,high ,prie/ ( ,adam's ,peak 7,sripada7 & ! ,we/]n ,prov9ce1 ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,cate*ism1 9 its revis$ =m4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,olcott ,ady>1 #aijc4 ,,cont5ts ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,buddha ,,! ,,dh>ma ,,or ,,doctr9e ,,! ,,sangha ,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,spread ,,( ,,buddhism ,,buddhism ,,& ,,sci5ce ,,app5dix--,! ,f\rte5 ,propositions accept$ by ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,buddhi/s z a ,plat=m ( ,unity ,,c]tificate ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition ,,vidyodaya ,,college1 ,colombo1 #g? ,july1 #ahha4 ,i h]eby c]tify t ,i h c>efully exam9$ ! ,s9halese v]sion ( ! ,cate*ism prep>$ by ,colonel ,h4 ,s4 ,olcott1 & t ! same is 9 agreem5t ) ! ,canon ( ! ,s\!rn ,buddhi/ ,*ur*4 ,i recomm5d ! "w to tea*]s 9 ,buddhi/ s*ools1 mid to all o!rs :o may wi% to imp>t in=mation to beg9n]s ab\t ! ess5tial features ( our religion4 ,h4 ,,sumangala1 ,high ,prie/ ( ,sripada & ,galle1 & ,pr9cipal ( ! ,vidyodaya ,p>iv5a4 ,,vidyodaya ,,college1 ,april #g1 #ahig4 ,i h gone ov] ! ?irty-?ird 7,engli%7 edition ( ! ,cate*ism1 ) ! help ( int]pret]s1 & confirm my recomm5dation = its use 9 ,buddhi/ s*ools4 ,h4 ,,sumangala4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,?irty-,,?ird ,,edition ,9 ! work+ out ( my orig9al plan1 ,i h add$ m que/ions & answ]s 9 ! text ( ea* new ,engli% edition ( ! ,cate*ism1 leav+ x to its translators to r5d] !m into :i*ev] ( ! o!r v]nacul>s !y may be work+ 94 ,! unpret5d+ aim 9 view is to give s succ9ct & yet compreh5sive a dige/ ( ,buddhi/ic hi/ory1 e?ics & philosophy z to enable beg9n]s to und]/& & appreciate ! noble ideal taught by ! ,buddha1 & ?us make x easi] = !m to foll[ out ! ,dh>ma 9 its details4 ,9 ! pres5t edition a great _m new que/ions & answ]s h be5 introduc$1 :ile ! matt] has be5 gr\p$ )9 five categories1 viz43 7#a7 ,! ,life ( ! ,buddha2 7#b7 ! ,doctr9e2 7#c7 ! ,sangha1 or mona/ic ord]2 7#d7 a brief hi/ory ( ,buddhism1 its ,c\ncils & propag&a2 7#e7 "s reconciliation ( ,buddhism ) sci5ce4 ,?is1 x is believ$1 w l>gely increase ! value ( ! little book1 & make x ev5 m suitable = use 9 ,buddhi/ s*ools1 ( :i*1 9 ,ceylon1 ov] "o hundr$ h already be5 op5$ by ! ,s9halese p "u ! g5]al sup]vision ( ! ,!osophical ,society4 ,9 prep>+ ?is edition ,i h receiv$ valuable help f "s ( my olde/ & be/ qualifi$ ,s9halese colleagues4 ,! orig9al edition 0 gone ov] ) me ^w by ^w1 by t em95t s*ol> & bhikkhu1 ,h4 ,sumangala1 ,pradhana ,nayaka1 & ! ,assi/ant ,pr9cipal ( 8 ,pali ,college at ,colombo1 ,hyeyantuduve ,anunayaka ,t]unnanse2 & ! ,high ,prie/ has also k9dly scrut9is$ ! pres5t revision & giv5 me invaluable po9ts to embody4 ,x has ! m]it1 !re=e1 ( be+ a fair pres5tation ( ! ,buddhism ( ! ,s\!rn ,*ur*1 *iefly d]iv$ f fir/-h& s\rces4 ,! ,cate*ism has be5 publi%$ 9 tw5ty languages1 ma9ly by ,buddhi/s1 = ,buddhi/s4 ,h4 ,s4 ,o4 ,,ady>1 #ag? ,may1 #ahig4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,?irty-,,six? ,,edition ,! popul>ity ( ?is little "w seems undim9i%$1 edition aft] edition be+ call$ =4 ,:ile ! pres5t "o 0 9 ! press a second ,g]man edition1 re-translat$ by ! le>n$ ,dr4 ,eri* ,bis*(f1 0 publi%$ at ,leipzig1 by ! ,grieb5s ,co41 & a ?ird translation into ,fr5*1 by my old fri5d & colleague1 ,comm&ant ,d4 ,a4 ,c\rmes1 0 be+ got ready at ,p>is4 ,a fre% v]sion 9 ,s9halese is also prep>+ at ,colombo4 ,x is v gratify+ to a decl>$ ,buddhi/ l myself to read :at s ripe a s*ol> z ,mr4 ,g4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mead1 au?or ( ,fragm5ts ( ( a ,fai? ,=gott51 ,pi/is ,sophia1 & _m o!r works on ,*ri/ian orig9s1 ?9ks ( ! value ( ! compilation4 ,he writes 9 ! ,!osophical ,review3 ,x has be5 translat$ into no less ?an tw5ty diff]5t languages1 & may be said )\t ! fa9te/ risk ( contradiction1 to h be5 ! busie/ in/rum5t ( ,buddhi/ propag&a = _m a day 9 ! annals ( t long somnol5t dh>ma4 ,! lea/ t le>n$ ,buddhi/s ( ,ceylon c d to repay ! debt ( gratitude !y owe to ,colonel ,olcott & o!r memb]s ( ! ,!osophical ,society :o h work$ = !m1 is to be/ir !mselves to ?r[ "s light on _! own orig9s & doctr9es4 ,i am afraid we %all h to wait long = ?is help to come f ! ,buddhi/ bhikkhus1 almo/ ! only le>n$ m5 ( ,ceylon2 at lea/ ,i h n be5 able dur+ an intimate int]c\rse ( tw5ty-two ye>s1 to ar\se _! zeal4 ,x has always seem$ to me incongru\s t an ,am]ican1 mak+ no claims at all to s*ol>%ip1 %\ld be look$ to by ! ,s9halese to help !m tea* ! dh>ma to _! *ildr52 & z ,i believe ,i h said 9 an e>li] edition1 ,i only cons5t$ to write ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,cate*ism aft] ,i _h f\nd t no bhikkhu w\ld und]take x4 ,:atev] its dem]its1 ,i c at lea/ say t ! "w conta9s ! ess5ce ( "s #ae1jjj pages ( ,buddhi/ tea*+ t ,i h read 9 connexion ) my "w4 ,h4 ,s4 ,o4 ,,ady>1 #g? ,febru>y1 #aijc4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,=tie? ,,edition ,! popul>ity ( ?is little "w is prov$ by ! con/ant dem& = new editions1 9 ,engli% & o!r languages4 ,9 look+ ov] ! matt] = ! pres5t edition1 ,i h f\nd v little to *ange or to add1 = ! "w seems to pres5t a v fair idea ( ! cont5ts ( ,s\!rn ,buddhism2 &1 z my object is nev] to write an ext5d$ essay on ! subject1 ,i resi/ ! temptation to w&] (f into amplifications ( details :i*1 h[ev] int]e/+ to ! /ud5t ( comp>ative religion1 are useless 9 a rational s*eme ( elem5t>y in/ruction4 ,! new ,s9halese v]sion 7#ch? edition7 :i* is be+ prep>$ by my respect$ fri5d1 ,d4 ,b4 ,jayatilaka1 ,pr9cipal ( ,an&a 7,buddhi/7 ,college1 ,colombo1 is p>tly pr9t$1 b _c be complet$ until he is reliev$ ( "s ( ! pressure ^u 8 "t4 ,! ,tamil v]sion 7#da/ edition7 has be5 und]tak5 by ! lead]s ( ! ,pa*ama community ( ,madras1 & w %ortly issue f ! press4 ,! ,spani% v]sion 7#ci? edition7 is 9 ! h&s ( my fri5d1 ,seor ,xifr1 & ! ,fr5* "o 7#cg? edition7 9 ^? ( ,comm&ant ,c\rmes4 ,s ! "w goes on1 & by ?is unpret5d+ ag5cy ! tea*+s ( ! ,buddha ,dh>ma are be+ c>ri$ ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,h4 ,s4 ,o4 ,,ady>1 #g? ,janu>y1 #aije4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,=ty-,,second ,,edition ,! writ] ( ?is ,cate*ism has pass$ away f e>?1 b1 be=e he left ! body1 he _h arrang$ ) ! ,high ,prie/ ,sumangala to make "s small corrections 9 ! text4 ,^! are incorporat$ 9 ! pres5t edition by ! ,high ,prie/'s wi%1 express$ to me 9 ,colombo1 9 ,novemb] #aijg4 ,i h n alt]$ ! numb]+ ( ! que/ions1 z x might cause confusion 9 a class to *ange ! numb]s1 if "s pupils _h ! old] editions & "s ! new4 ,,ady>1 7 #ag? ,febru>y1 #aijh4 7 ,,annie ,,besant ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,cate*ism ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,buddha #a4 ,"q4 ,( :at religion#a are y8 ,answ]4 ,! ,buddhi/4 #b4 ,q4 ,:at is ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,x is a body ( tea*+s giv5 out by ! great p]sonage kn[n z ! ,buddha4 #c4 ,q4 ,is ,buddhism ! be/ "n = ?is tea*+8 ,a4 ,no2 t is only a we/]n t]m3 ! be/ "n = x is ,bauddha ,dh>ma4 #d4 ,q4 ,w\ld y call a p]son a ,buddhi/ :o _h m]ely be5 born ( ,buddha p>5ts8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,a ,buddhi/ is "o :o n only pr(esses belief 9 ! ,buddha z ! noble/ ( ,tea*]s1 9 ! ,doctr9e prea*$ by ,him1 & 9 ! ,bro!rhood ( ,arhats1 b practises ,8 precepts 9 daily life4 #e4 ,q4 ,:at is a male lay ,buddhi/ call$8 ,a4 ,an ,upasaka4 #f4 ,q4 ,:at a female8 ,a4 ,an ,upasika4 #g4 ,q4 ,:5 0 ?is doctr9e fir/ prea*$8 ,a4 ,!re is "s disagreem5t z to ! actual date1 b accord+ to ! ,s9halese ,scriptures x 0 9 ! ye> #beac ( ! 7pres5t7 ,kali-,yuga4 #h4 ,q4 ,give ! important dates 9 ! la/ bir? ( ! ,f\nd]8 ,a4 ,he 0 born "u ! con/ellation ,visa on a ,tuesday 9 ,may1 9 ! ye> #bdgh 7,k4,y472 he retir$ to ! jungle 9 ! ye> #bejf2 became ,buddha 9 #beac2 &1 pass+ out ( ! r\nd ( rebir?s1 ent]$ ,p>anirvana 9 ! ye> #beeh1 ag$ eighty ye>s4 ,ea* ( ^! ev5ts happ5$ on a day ( full moon1 s all are conjo9tly celebrat$ 9 ! great fe/ival ( ! full-moon ( ! mon? ,wesak 7,vaisakha71 correspond+ to ! mon? ( ,may4 #i4 ,q4 ,0 ! ,buddha ,god8 ,a4 ,no4 ,buddha ,dh>ma tea*es no div9e inc>nation4 #aj4 ,q4 ,0 he a man8 ,a4 ,yes2 b ! wise/1 noble/ & mo/ holy be+1 :o _h develop$ himself 9 ! c\rse ( c\ntless bir?s f> beyond all o!r be+s1 ! previ\s ,,buddhas alone except$4 #aa4 ,q4 ,7 !re o!r ,buddhas be=e him8 ,a4 ,yes2 z w be expla9$ lat] on4 #ab4 ,q4 ,0 ,buddha 8 "n8 ,a4 ,no4 ,x is ! "n ( a condition or /ate ( m9d1 ( ! m9d aft] x has rea*$ ! culm9ation ( developm5t4 #ac4 ,q4 ,:at is its mean+8 ,a4 ,enlight5$2 or1 he :o has ! all-p]fect wisdom4 ,! ,pali phrase is ,sabbannu1 ! ,"o ( ,b\ndless ,k4 ,9 ,samskrt x is ,s>vaja4 #ad4 ,q4 ,:at 0 ! ,buddha's real "n !n8 ,a4 ,,siddh>?a 0 8 royal "n1 & ,,gautama1 or ,,gotama1 8 family "n4 ,he 0 ,pr9ce ( ,kapilava/u & belong$ to ! illu/ri\s family ( ! ,okkaka1 ( ! ,sol> race4 #ae4 ,q4 ,:o 7 8 fa!r & "m8 ,a4 ,k+ ,suddhodana & ,que5 ,maya1 call$ ,maha ,maya4 #af4 ,q4 ,:at p did ?is ,k+ reign ov]8 ,a4 ,! ,sakyas2 an ,aryan tribe ( ,k%attriyas4 #ag4 ,q4 ,:]e 0 ,kapilava/u8 ,a4 ,9 ,india1 "o hundr$ miles nor?-ea/ ( ! ,city ( ,b5>es1 & ab\t =ty miles f ! ,himalaya m\nta9s4 ,x is situat$ 9 ! ,nepal ,t]ai4 ,! city is n[ 9 ru9s4 #ah4 ,q4 ,on :at riv]8 ,a4 ,! ,roh9i1 n[ call$ ! ,kohana4 #ai4 ,q4 ,tell me aga9 :5 ,pr9ce ,siddh>?a 0 born8 ,a4 ,six hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 #bj4 ,q4 ,is ! exact spot kn[n8 ,a4 ,x is n[ id5tifi$ beyond "q4 ,an ar*aeologi/ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india has discov]$ 9 ! jungle ( ! ,nepal ,t]ai a /one pill> erect$ by ! mighty ,buddhi/ sov]eign1 ,asoka1 to m>k ! v spot4 ,! place 0 kn[n 9 ^? times z ! ,lumb9i ,g>d54 #ba4 ,q4 ,_h ! ,pr9ce luxuries & spl5d\rs l o!r ,pr9ces8 ,a4 ,he _h2 8 fa!r1 ! ,k+1 built him ?ree magnific5t palaces--= ! ?ree ,indian seasons--! cold1 ! hot1 & ! ra9y--( n9e1 five1 & ?ree /ories respectively1 & h&somely decorat$4 #bb4 ,q4 ,h[ 7 !y situat$8 ,a4 ,ar\nd ea* palace 7 g>d5s ( ! mo/ beautiful & fragrant fl[]s1 ) f\nta9s ( sp\t+ wat]1 ! trees full ( s++ birds1 & peacocks /rutt+ ov] ! gr\nd4 #bc4 ,q4 ,0 he liv+ alone8 ,a4 ,no2 9 8 sixte5? ye> he 0 m>ri$ to ! ,pr9cess ,yasodh>a1 daught] ( ! ,k+ ,suprabuddha4 ,_m beautiful maid5s1 skill$ 9 danc+ & music1 7 also 9 cont9ual att5dance to amuse him4 #bd4 ,q4 ,h[ did he get 8 wife8 ,a4 ,9 ! anci5t ,k%attriya or w>rior fa%ion1 by ov]com+ all competitors 9 games & ex]cises ( skill & pr[ess1 & !n select+ ,yasodh>a out ( all ! "y pr9cesses1 ^: fa!rs _h br\ght !m to ! t\rnam5t or mela4 #be4 ,q4 ,h[1 amid all ?is luxury1 c\ld a ,pr9ce become all-wise8 ,a4 ,he _h su* natural wisdom t :5 b a *ild he seem$ to und]/& all arts & sci5ces almo/ )\t /udy4 ,he _h ! be/ tea*]s1 b !y c\ld tea* him no?+ t he did n seem to compreh5d imm$iately4 #bf4 ,q4 ,did he become ,buddha 9 8 spl5did palaces8 ,a4 ,no4 ,he left all & w5t alone into ! jungle4 #bg4 ,q4 ,:y did he d ?is8 ,a4 ,to discov] ! cause ( our suff]+s & ! way to escape f !m4 #bh4 ,q4 ,0 x n selfi%ness t made him d ?is8 ,a4 ,no2 x 0 b\ndless love = all be+s t made him devote himself to _! good4 #bi4 ,q4 ,b h[ did he acquire ?is b\ndless love8 ,a4 ,?r\gh\t numb]less bir?s & aeons ( ye>s he _h be5 cultivat+ ?is love1 ) ! unfalt]+ det]m9ation to become a ,buddha4 #cj4 ,q4 ,:at did he ?is "t rel9qui%8 ,a4 ,8 beautiful palaces1 8 ri*es1 luxuries & pleasures1 8 s(t b$s1 f9e dresses1 ri* food1 & 8 k+dom2 he ev5 left 8 belov$ wife & only son1 ,rahula4 #ca4 ,q4 ,did any o!r man ev] sacrifice s mu* = our sake8 ,a4 ,n "o 9 ?is pres5t _w-p]iod3 ?is is :y ,buddhi/s s love him1 & :y good ,buddhi/s try to be l him4 #cb4 ,q4 ,b h n _m m5 giv5 up all e>?ly bless+s1 & ev5 life itself1 = ! sake ( _! fell[-m58 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,b we believe t ?is surpass+ unselfi%ness & love = humanity %[$ !mselves 9 8 r5\nc+ ! bliss ( ,nirvana c\ntless ages ago1 :5 he 0 born z ! ,brahmana ,sum$ha1 9 ! "t ( ,dipank>a ,buddha3 he _h !n rea*$ ! /age :]e he might h ent]$ ,nirvana1 _h he n lov$ mank9d m ?an himself4 ,?is r5unciation impli$ 8 volunt>ily endur+ ! mis]ies ( e>?ly lives until he became ,buddha1 = ! sake ( tea*+ all be+s ! way to emancipation & to give re/ to ! _w4 #cc4 ,q4 ,h[ old 0 he :5 he w5t to ! jungle8 ,a4 ,he 0 9 8 tw5ty-n9? ye>4 #cd4 ,q4 ,:at f9ally det]m9$ him to leave all t m5 usually love s mu* & g to ! jungle8 ,a4 ,a ,deva#b appe>$ to him :5 driv+ out 9 8 *>iot1 "u f\r impressive =ms1 on f\r diff]5t occasions4 #ce4 ,q4 ,:at 7 ^! diff]5t =ms8 ,a4 ,^? ( a v old man brok5 d[n by age1 ( a sick man1 ( a decay+ corpse1 & ( a dignifi$ h]mit4 #cf4 ,q4 ,did he alone see ^!8 ,a4 ,no1 8 att5dant1 ,*anna1 also saw !m4 #cg4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld ^! sights1 s famili> to ev]ybody1 h caus$ him to g to ! jungle8 ,a4 ,we (t5 see su* sights3 he _h n se5 !m1 s !y made a deep impression on 8 m9d4 #ch4 ,q4 ,:y _h he n also se5 !m8 ,a4 ,! ,brahmana a/rolog]s _h =etold at 8 bir? t he w\ld "o day resign 8 k+dom &1 become a ,,buddha4 ,! ,k+1 8 fa!r1 n wi%+ to lose an heir to 8 k+dom1 _h c>efully prev5t$ 8 see+ any sights t might sugge/ to him human mis]y & dea?4 ,no "o 0 all[$ ev5 to speak ( su* ?+s to ! ,pr9ce4 ,he 0 almo/ l a prison] 9 8 lovely palaces & fl[] g>d5s4 ,!y 7 surr\nd$ by high walls1 & inside ev]y?+ 0 made z beautiful z possible1 s t he might n wi% to g & see ! sorr[ & di/ress t are 9 ! _w4 #ci4 ,q4 ,0 he s k9d-he>t$ t ! ,k+ fe>$ he might really wi% to leave ev]y?+ = ! _w's sake8 ,a4 ,yes2 he seems to h felt = all be+s s /rong a pity & love z t4 #dj4 ,q4 ,& h[ did he expect to le>n ! cause ( sorr[ 9 ! jungle8 ,a4 ,by remov+ f> away f all t c\ld prev5t 8 ?9k+ deeply ( ! causes ( sorr[ & ! nature ( man4 #da4 ,q4 ,h[ did he escape f ! palace8 ,a4 ,"o night1 :5 all 7 asleep1 he arose1 took a la/ look at 8 sleep+ wife & infant son2 call$ ,*anna1 m\nt$ 8 fav\rite :ite horse ,kan?aka1 & rode to ! palace gate4 ,! ,devas _h ?r[n a deep sleep ^u ! ,k+'s gu>d :o wat*$ ! gate1 s t !y c\ld n he> ! noise ( ! horse's ho(s4 #db4 ,q4 ,b ! gate 0 lock$1 0 x n8 ,a4 ,yes2 b ! ,devas caus$ x to op5 )\t ! slighte/ noise1 & he rode away into ! d>kness4 #dc4 ,q4 ,:i!r did he g8 ,a4 ,to ! riv] ,anoma1 a long way f ,kapilava/u4 #dd4 ,q4 ,:at did he !n d8 ,a4 ,he sprang f 8 horse1 cut (f 8 beautiful hair ) 8 sword1 put on ! yell[ dress ( an ascetic1 & giv+ 8 ornam5ts & horse to ,*anna1 ord]$ him to take !m back to 8 fa!r1 ! ,k+4 #de4 ,q4 ,:at !n8 ,a4 ,he w5t afoot t[>ds ,rajagrha1 ! capital city ( ,k+ ,bimbis>a1 ( ,magadha4 #df4 ,q4 ,:o visit$ him !re8 ,a4 ,! ,k+ ) 8 :ole ,c\rt4#c #df;a4 ,q4 ,!nce :i!r did he g8 ,a4 ,to ,uruvela1 ne> ! pres5t ,mahabodhi ,temple at ,buddha ,gaya4 #dg4 ,q4 ,:y did he g !re8 ,a4 ,9 ! =e/s 7 h]mits--v wise m51 ^: pupil he aft]w>ds became1 9 ! hope ( f9d+ ! k ( :i* he 0 9 se>*4 #dh4 ,q4 ,( :at religion 7 !y8 ,a4 ,! ,h9du religion3 !y 7 ,brahmanas4#d #di4 ,q4 ,:at did !y tea*8 ,a4 ,t by sev]e p5ances & torture ( ! body a man may acquire p]fect wisdom4 #ej4 ,q4 ,did ! ,pr9ce f9d ?is to be s8 ,a4 ,no2 he le>n$ _! sy/ems & practis$ all _! p5ances1 b he c\ld n ?us discov] ! cause ( human sorr[ & ! way to absolute emancipation4 #ea4 ,q4 ,:at did he !n d8 ,a4 ,he w5t away into ! =e/ ne> ,uruvela1 & sp5t six ye>s 9 deep m$itation1 und]go+ ! sev]e/ discipl9e 9 mortify+ 8 body4 #eb4 ,q4 ,0 he alone8 ,a4 ,no2 five ,brahman companions att5d$ him4 #ec4 ,q4 ,:at 7 _! names8 ,a4 ,kondaa1 ,bhaddiya1 ,vappa1 ,mahanama1 & ,assaji4 #ed4 ,q4 ,:at plan ( discipl9e did he adopt to op5 8 m9d to "k ! :ole tru?8 ,a4 ,he sat & m$itat$1 conc5trat+ 8 m9d ^u ! high] problems ( life1 & %utt+ out f 8 sight & he>+ all t 0 likely to int]rupt 8 inw>d reflections4 #ee4 ,q4 ,did he fa/8 ,a4 ,yes1 ?r\gh ! :ole p]iod4 ,he took less & less food & wat] until1 x is said1 he ate sc>cely m ?an "o gra9 ( rice or ( sesamum se$ ea* day4 #ef4 ,q4 ,did ?is give him ! wisdom he long$ =8 ,a4 ,no4 ,he grew ?9n] & ?9n] 9 body & fa9t] 9 /r5g? until1 "o day1 z he 0 sl[ly walk+ ab\t & m$itat+1 8 vital =ce sudd5ly left him & he fell to ! gr\nd unconsci\s4 #eg4 ,q4 ,:at did 8 companions ?9k ( t8 ,a4 ,!y fanci$ he 0 dead2 b aft] a "t he reviv$4 #eh4 ,q4 ,:at !n8 ,a4 ,! ?\ght came to him t k c\ld nev] be rea*$ by m]e fa/+ or bodily suff]+1 b mu/ be ga9$ by ! op5+ ( ! m9d4 ,he _h j b>ely escap$ dea? f self-/>vation1 yet _h n obta9$ ! ,p]fect ,wisdom4 ,s he decid$ to eat1 t he might live at lea/ long en\gh to become wise4 #ei4 ,q4 ,:o gave him food8 ,a4 ,he receiv$ food f ,sujata1 a nobleman's daught]1 :o saw him sitt+ at ! foot ( a nyagrodha 7banyan7 tree4 ,he arose1 took 8 alms-b[l1 ba!d 9 ! riv] ,n]aj>a1 ate ! food1 & w5t into ! jungle4 #fj4 ,q4 ,:at did he d !re8 ,a4 ,hav+ =m$ 8 det]m9ation aft] ^! reflections1 he w5t at ev5+ to ! ,bodhi1 or ,asvat?a tree1 :]e ! pres5t ,mahabodhi ,temple /&s4 #fa4 ,q4 ,:at did he d !re8 ,a4 ,he det]m9$ n to leave ! spot until he atta9$ p]fect wisdom4 #fb4 ,q4 ,at :i* side ( ! tree did he seat himself8 ,a4 ,! side fac+ ! ea/4#e #fc4 ,q4 ,:at did he obta9 t night8 ,a4 ,! k ( 8 previ\s bir?s1 ( ! causes ( rebir?s1 & ( ! way to ext+ui% desires4 ,j be=e ! break ( ! next day 8 m9d 0 entirely op5$1 l ! full-bl[n lotus fl[]2 ! light ( supreme k1 or ! ,f\r ,tru?s1 p\r$ 9 ^u him4 ,he _h become ,,buddha--! ,enlight5$1 ! all-kn[+--! ,s>vaja4 #fd4 ,q4 ,_h he at la/ discov]$ ! cause ( human mis]y8 ,a4 ,at la/ he _h4 ,z ! light ( ! morn+ sun *ases away ! d>kness ( night1 & reveals to sight ! trees1 fields1 rocks1 seas1 riv]s1 animals1 m5 & all ?+s1 s ! full light ( k rose 9 8 m9d1 & he saw at "o glance ! causes ( human suff]+ & ! way to escape f !m4 #fe4 ,q4 ,_h he great /ruggles be=e ga9+ ?is p]fect wisdom8 ,a4 ,yes1 mighty & t]rible /ruggles4 ,he _h to conqu] 9 8 body all ^? natural defects & human appetites & desires t prev5t our see+ ! tru?4 ,he _h to ov]come all ! bad influ5ces ( ! s9ful _w ar\nd him4 ,l a soldi] fight+ desp]ately 9 battle aga9/ _m enemies1 he /ruggl$3 l a h]o :o conqu]s1 he ga9$ 8 object1 & ! secret ( human mis]y 0 discov]$4 #ff4 ,q4 ,:at use did he make ( ! k ?us ga9$8 ,a4 ,at fir/ he 0 reluctant to tea* x to ! p at l>ge4 #fg4 ,q4 ,:y8 ,a4 ,because ( its pr(\nd importance & sublimity4 ,he fe>$ t b few p w\ld und]/& x4 #fh4 ,q4 ,:at made him alt] ?is view8#f ,a4 ,he saw t x 0 8 duty to tea* :at he _h le>nt z cle>ly & simply z possible1 & tru/ to ! tru? impress+ itself ^u ! popul> m9d 9 proportion to ea* "o's individual ,k>ma4 ,x 0 ! only way ( salvation1 & e be+ _h an equal "r to h x po9t$ out to him4 ,s he det]m9$ to beg9 ) 8 five late companions1 :o _h ab&on$ him :5 he broke 8 fa/4 #fi4 ,q4 ,:]e did he f9d !m8 ,a4 ,9 ! de]-p>k at ,isipatana1 ne> ,b5>es4 #gj4 ,q4 ,c ! spot be n[ id5tifi$8 ,a4 ,yes1 a p>tly ru9$ /upa1 or dagoba1 is /ill /&+ on t v spot4 #ga4 ,q4 ,did ^? five companions readily li/5 to him8 ,a4 ,at fir/1 no2 b s great 0 ! spiritual beauty ( 8 appe>ance1 s sweet & conv9c+ 8 tea*+1 t !y soon turn$ & gave him ! close/ att5tion4 #gb4 ,q4 ,:at effect did ?is disc\rse h ^u !m8 ,a4 ,! ag$ ,kondaa1 "o :o und]/ood 7,anna71 0 ! fir/ to lose 8 prejudices1 accept ! ,buddha's tea*+1 become 8 disciple1 & ent] ! ,pa? lead+ to ,arhat%ip4 ,! o!r f\r soon foll[$ 8 example4 #gc4 ,q4 ,:o 7 8 next conv]ts8 ,a4 ,a ri* "y layman1 nam$ ,yasa1 & 8 fa!r1 a weal?y m]*ant4 ,by ! end ( ?ree mon?s ! disciples numb]$ sixty p]sons4 #gd4 ,q4 ,:o 7 ! fir/ wom5 lay disciples8 ,a4 ,! "m & wife ( ,yasa4 #ge4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,buddha d at t "t8#g ,a4 ,he call$ ! disciples toge!r1 gave !m full in/ructions1 & s5t !m out 9 all directions to prea* 8 doctr9e4 #gf4 ,q4 ,:at 0 ! ess5ce ( x8 ,a4 ,t ! way ( emancipation lies 9 lead+ ! holy life & foll[+ ! rules laid d[n1 :i* w be expla9$ lat] on4 #gg4 ,q4 ,tell me :at "n he gave to ?is c\rse ( life8 ,a4 ,! ,noble ,eightfold ,pa?4 #gh4 ,q4 ,h[ is x call$ 9 ! ,pali language8 ,a4 ,ariyo at?angiko maggo4 #gi4 ,q4 ,:i!r did ! ,buddha !n g8 ,a4 ,to ,uruvela4 #hj4 ,q4 ,:at happ5$ !re8 ,a4 ,he conv]t$ a man nam$ ,ka%yapa1 r5[n$ = 8 le>n+ & tea*] ( ! ,jatilas1 a great sect ( fire-wor%ipp]s1 all ( :om became also 8 foll[]s4 #ha4 ,q4 ,:o 0 8 next great conv]t8 ,a4 ,k+ ,bimbis>a1 ( ,magadha4 #hb4 ,q4 ,:i* two ( ! ,buddha's mo/ le>n$ & belov$ disciples 7 conv]t$ at ab\t ?is "t8 ,a4 ,s>iputra & ,moggallana1 =m]ly *ief disciples ( ,sajaya1 ! ascetic4 #hc4 ,q4 ,= :at did !y become r5[n$8 ,a4 ,s>iputra = 8 pr(\nd le>n+ 7,praja71 ,moggallana = 8 exceptional spiritual p[]s 7,iddhi74 #hd4 ,q4 ,are ^! wond]-work+ p[]s miracul\s8 ,a4 ,no1 b natural to all m5 & capable ( be+ develop$ by a c]ta9 c\rse ( tra9+4 #he4 ,q4 ,did ! ,buddha he> aga9 f 8 family aft] leav+ !m8 ,a4 ,oh yes1 sev5 ye>s lat]1 :ile he 0 liv+ at ,rajagrha1 8 fa!r4 ,k+ ,suddhodana1 s5t a message to reque/ him to come & let him see him aga9 be=e he di$4 #hf4 ,q4 ,did he g8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,8 fa!r w5t ) all 8 relatives & m9i/]s to meet him & receiv$ him ) great joy4 #hg4 ,q4 ,did he cons5t to resume 8 old rank8 ,a4 ,no4 ,9 all sweetness he expla9$ to 8 fa!r t ! ,pr9ce ,siddh>?a _h pass$ out ( exi/5ce1 z su*1 & 0 n[ *ang$ into ! condition ( a ,buddha1 to :om all be+s 7 equally ak9 & equally de>4 ,in/ead ( rul+ ov] "o tribe or nation1 l an e>?ly k+1 he1 ?r\gh 8 ,dh>ma1 w\ld w9 ! he>ts ( all m5 to be 8 foll[]s4 #hh4 ,q4 ,did he see ,yasodh>a & 8 son ,rahula8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,8 wife1 :o _h m\rn$ = him ) deepe/ love1 wept bitt]ly4 ,%e also s5t ,rahula to ask him to give him 8 inh]itance1 z ! son ( a pr9ce4 #hi4 ,q4 ,:at happ5$8 ,a4 ,to "o & all he prea*$ ! ,dh>ma z ! cure = all sorr[s4 ,8 fa!r1 son1 wife1 ,an&a 78 half-bro!r71 ,devadatta 78 c\s9 & bro!r-9-law71 7 all conv]t$ & became 8 disciples4 ,two o!r fam\s ones 7 ,anuruddha1 aft]w>ds a great metaphysician1 & ,upali1 a b>b]1 aft]w>ds ! greate/ au?ority on ,v9aya4 ,bo? ( ^! ga9$ great r5[n4 #ij4 ,q4 ,:o 0 ! fir/ ,bhikkuni8 ,a4 ,prajapati1 ! aunt & fo/]-"m ( ,pr9ce ,siddh>?a4 ,) h]1 ,yasodh>a & _m o!r ladies 7 admitt$ into ! ,ord] z ,bhikkhunis or female devotees4 #ia4 ,q4 ,:at effect did ! tak+ up ( ! religi\s life by 8 sons1 ,siddh>?a & ,an&a1 8 nephew1 ,devadatta1 8 son's wife1 ,yasudh>a1 & 8 gr&son1 ,rahula1 h ^u ! old ,k+ ,suddhodana8 ,a4 ,x griev$ him mu* & he compla9$ to ! ,buddha1 :o !n made x a rule ( ! ,ord] t no p]son %\ld !nce=? be orda9$ )\t ! cons5t ( 8 p>5ts if alive4 #ib4 ,q4 ,tell me ab\t ! fate ( ,devadatta8 ,a4 ,he 0 a man ( great intellig5ce & rapidly advanc$ 9 ! k ( ! ,dh>ma1 b be+ also extremely ambiti\s1 he came to envy & hate ! ,buddha1 & at la/ plott$ to kill him4 ,he also influ5c$ ,ajata%atru1 son ( ,k+ ,bimbis>a1 to murd] 8 noble fa!r1 & to become 8--,devadatta's--disciple4 #ic4 ,q4 ,did he d any injury to ! ,buddha8 ,a4 ,n ! lea/1 b ! evil he plott$ aga9/ him recoil$ ^u himself1 & he met ) an awful dea?4 #id4 ,q4 ,= h[ _m ye>s 0 ! ,buddha engag$ 9 tea*+8 ,a4 ,=ty-five ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t he prea*$ a great _m disc\rses4 ,8 cu/om & t ( 8 disciples 0 to travel & prea* dur+ ! eight dry mon?s1 b dur+ ! season ( ,way--! ra9s--he & !y w\ld /op 9 ! pansulas & vih>as :i* _h be5 built = !m by v>i\s k+s & o!r weal?y conv]ts4 #ie4 ,q4 ,:i* 7 ! mo/ fam\s ( ^! build+s8 ,a4 ,jetavan>ama2 ,veluvan>ama2 ,pubb>ama2 ,nigrodh>ama & ,isipatan>ama4 #if4 ,q4 ,:at k9d ( p 7 conv]t$ by him & 8 disciples8 ,a4 ,p ( all ranks1 nations & ca/es2 rajas & coolies1 ri* & poor1 mighty & humble1 ! illit]ate & ! mo/ le>n$4 ,8 doctr9e 0 suit$ to all4 #ig4 ,q4 ,give "s acc\nt ( ! decease ( ! ,buddha8 ,a4 ,9 ! =ty-fif? season aft] 8 atta9+ ,buddhahood1 on ! full-moon day ( ,may1 kn[+ t 8 end 0 ne>1 he came at ev5+ to ,kus9ag>a1 a place ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty miles f ,b5>es4 ,9 ! sala grove ( ! ,mallas1 ! ,up>v>tana ( ,kus9ag>a1 betwe5 two sala trees1 he _h 8 b$d+ spread ) ! head t[>ds ! nor? accord+ to ! anci5t cu/om4 ,he lay ^u x1 & ) 8 m9d p]fectly cle>1 gave 8 f9al in/ructions to 8 disciples & bade !m f>ewell4 #ih4 ,q4 ,did he also make new conv]ts 9 ^? la/ t\rs8 ,a4 ,yes1 a v important "o1 a great ,brahmana p&it nam$ ,subhadra4 ,he _h also prea*$ to ! ,mallya pr9ces & _! foll[]s4 #ii4 ,q4 ,at day-break :at happ5$8 ,a4 ,he pass$ into ! int]ior condition ( ,samadhi & !nce into ,nirvana4 #ajj4 ,q4 ,:at 7 8 la/ words to 8 disciples8 ,a4 ,bhikkhus1 he said1 ,i n[ impress x ^u y1 ! p>ts & p[]s ( man mu/ be dissolv$4 ,"w out y\r salvation ) dilig5ce4 #aja4 ,q4 ,:at conv9c+ pro( h we t ! ,buddha1 =m]ly ,pr9ce ,siddh>?a1 0 a hi/orical p]sonage8 ,a4 ,8 exi/5ce is app>5tly z cle>ly prov$ z t ( any o!r "* ( anci5t hi/ory4 #ajb4 ,q4 ,"n "s ( ! pro(s8 ,a4 7#a7 ,! te/imony ( ^? :o p]sonally knew him4 7#b7 ,! discov]y ( places & ! rema9s ( build+s m5tion$ 9 ! n>rative ( 8 "t4 7#c7 ,! rock-inscriptions1 pill>s & dagobas made 9 memory ( him by sov]eigns :o 7 ne> en\gh to 8 "t to be able to v]ify ! /ory ( 8 life4 7#d7 ,! unbrok5 exi/5ce ( ! ,sangha :i* he f\nd$1 & _! possession ( ! facts ( 8 life transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation f ! beg9n+4 7#e7 ,! fact t 9 ! v ye> ( 8 dea? & at v>i\s times subsequ5tly1 conv5tions & c\ncils ( ! ,sangha 7 held1 = ! v]ification ( ! actual tea*+s ( ! ,f\nd]1 & ! h&+ d[n ( ^? v]ifi$ tea*+s f tea*] to pupil1 to ! pres5t day4 7#f7 ,aft] 8 cremation 8 relics 7 divid$ among eight k+s & a /upa 0 erect$ ov] ea* portion4 ,! portion giv5 to ,k+ ,ajata%atru1 & by him cov]$ ) a /upa at ,rajagrha1 0 tak51 less ?an two c5turies lat]1 by ! ,emp]or ,asoka & di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t 8 ,empire4 ,he1 ( c\rse1 _h ample means ( kn[+ :e!r ! relics 7 ^? ( ! ,buddha or n1 s9ce !y _h be5 9 *>ge ( ! royal h\se ( ,patna f ! beg9n+4 7#g7 ,_m ( ! ,buddha's disciples1 be+ ,arhats & ?us hav+ control ov] _! vital p[]s1 mu/ h liv$ to great ages1 & !re 0 no?+ to h prev5t$ two or ?ree ( !m1 9 succession to ea* o!r1 to h cov]$ ! :ole p]iod betwe5 ! dea? ( ! ,buddha & ! reign ( ,asoka1 & ?us to h enabl$ ! latt] to get f 8 contempor>y e desir$ atte/ation ( ! fact ( ! ,buddha's life4#h 7#h7 ,! ,mahavansa1 ! be/ au!nticat$ anci5t hi/ory kn[n to u1 records ! ev5ts ( ,s9halese hi/ory to ! reign ( ,k+ ,vijaya1 #edc ,b4,c4--almo/ ! "t ( ! ,buddha--& gives mo/ p>ticul>s ( 8 life1 z well z ^? ( ! ,emp]or ,asoka & all o!r sov]eigns relat$ to ,buddhi/ic hi/ory4 #ajc4 ,q4 ,by :at names ( respect is ! ,buddha call$8 ,a4 ,sakyamuni 7! ,sakya ,sage72 ,sakya-,simha 7! ,sakyan ,lion72 ,sugata 7! ,happy ,"o72 ,sat?ta 7! ,tea*]72 ,j9a 7! ,conqu]or71 ,bhagavat 7! ,bless$ ,"o72 ,lokana?a 7! ,"l ( ! ,_w72 ,s>vaja 7! ,omnisci5t ,"o72 ,dh>m>aja 7! ,k+ ( ,tru?72 ,ta?agata 7! ,great ,be+71 etc4 #a ,! ^w religion is mo/ inappropriate to apply to ,buddhism :i* is n a religion1 b a moral philosophy1 z ,i h %[n lat] on4 ,b1 by common usage ! ^w has be5 appli$ to all gr\ps ( p :o pr(ess a special moral doctr9e1 & is s employ$ by /ati/icians4 ,! ,s9halese ,buddhi/s h nev] yet _h any conception ( :at ,europeans imply 9 ! etymological con/ruction ( ! ,lat9 root ( ?is t]m4 ,9 _! cre$ !re is no su* ?+ z a b9d+ 9 ! ,*ri/ian s5se--a submission to or m]g+ ( self 9 a ,div9e ,be+4 ,agama is _! v]nacul> ^w to express _! relation to ,buddhism & ! ,,buddha4 ,x is pure ,samskrt1 & means approa*1 or com+2 & z ,buddha is enlight5m5t1 ! comp\nd ^w by :i* !y indicate ,buddhism--,buddhagama--w\ld be prop]ly r5d]$ z an approa* or com+ to enlight5m5t1 or possibly z a foll[+ ( ! ,doctr9e ( ,,sakyamuni4 ,! mission>ies1 f9d+ ,agama ready to _! h&1 adopt$ x z ! equival5t = religion2 & ,*ri/ianity is writt5 by !m ,*ri/ianagama1 :]eas x %\ld be ,*ri/ianib&hana1 = b&hana is ! etymological equival5t = religion4 ,! "n ,vibhajja vada--"o :o analyses--is ano!r "n giv5 to a ,buddhi/1 & ,advayavadi is a ?ird4 ,) ?is explanation1 ,i cont9ue to employ "u prote/ ! famili> ^w :5 speak+ ( ,buddhi/ic philosophy1 = ! conv5i5ce ( ! ord9>y read]4 #b ,see ! def9ition ( deva giv5 lat]4 #c ,= an admirable acc\nt ( ?is int]view consult ,dr4 ,paul ,c>us' ,gospel ( ,buddha1 page #bj1 et seq4 #d ,! t]m ,h9du1 once a contemptu\s t]m1 us$ by ! ,musalmans to designate ! p ( ,s9dh1 :om !y conqu]$1 is n[ us$ 9 an ecclesia/ical s5se4 #e ,no reason is giv5 9 ! canonical books = ! *oice ( ?is side ( ! tree1 ?\gh an explanation is to be f\nd 9 ! popul> leg5ds ^u :i* ! books ( ,bi%op ,big&et & o!r ,european comm5tators are bas$4 ,!re are always c]ta9 influ5ces com+ ^u u f ! diff]5t qu>t]s ( ! sky4 ,sometimes ! influ5ce f "o qu>t] w be be/1 sometimes t f ano!r qu>t]4 ,b ! ,buddha ?\ght t ! p]fect$ man is sup]ior to all extrane\s influ5ces4 #f ,! anci5t /ory is t ! ,god ,brahma himself implor$ him n to )hold ! glori\s tru?4 #g ,brahmanism n be+ (f]$ to non-,h9dus1 ,buddhism is consequ5tly1 ! olde/ mission>y religion 9 ! _w4 ,! e>ly mission>ies endur$ e h>d%ip1 cruelty1 & p]secution1 ) unfalt]+ c\rage4 #h ,at ! ,second ,c\ncil !re 7 two pupils ( ,an&a1 consequ5tly c5t5>ians1 :ile 9 ,asoka's ,c\ncil !re 7 pupils ( ^? pupils4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,dh>ma ,,or ,,doctr9e #ajf4 ,q4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,buddha8 ,a4 ,! enlight5$1 or he :o has ! p]fect wisdom4 #ajg4 ,q4 ,y h said t !re 7 o!r ,buddhas be=e ?is "o8 ,a4 ,yes2 our belief is t1 "u ! op]ation ( et]nal causation1 a ,buddha takes bir? at int]vals1 :5 mank9d h become plung$ into mis]y ?r\gh ignorance1 & ne$ ! wisdom :i* x is ! function ( a ,buddha to tea*4 7,see also ,q4 #aa47 #ajh4 ,q4 ,h[ is a ,buddha develop$8 ,a4 ,a p]son1 he>+ & see+ "o ( ! ,buddhas on e>?1 becomes seiz$ ) ! det]m9ation s to live t at "s future "t1 :5 he %all become fitt$ = x1 he also w be a ,buddha = ! guid+ ( mank9d out ( ! cycle ( rebir?4 #aji4 ,q4 ,h[ does he proce$8 ,a4 ,?r\gh\t t bir? & e succe$+ "o1 he /rives to subdue 8 passions1 to ga9 wisdom by exp]i5ce1 & to develop 8 high] faculties4 ,he ?us gr[s by degrees wis]1 nobl] 9 "*1 & /rong] 9 virtue1 until1 f9ally1 aft] numb]less re-bir?s he rea*es ! /ate :5 he c become ,p]fect$1 ,enlight5$1 ,all-wise1 ! ideal ,tea*] ( ! human race4 #aaj4 ,q4 ,:ile ?is gradual developm5t is go+ on ?r\gh\t all ^! bir?s1 by :at "n d we call him8 ,a4 ,bodhisat1 or ,bodhisattva4 ,?us ! ,pr9ce ,siddh>?a ,gautama 0 a ,bodhisattva up to ! mom5t :51 "u ! bless$ ,bodhi tree at ,gaya1 he became ,buddha4 #aaa4 ,q4 ,h we any acc\nt ( 8 v>i\s rebir?s z a ,bodhisattva8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,jatakat?aka?a1 a book conta9+ /ories ( ! ,bodhisattva's re9c>nations1 !re are sev]al hundr$ tales ( t k9d4 #aab4 ,q4 ,:at lesson d ^! /ories tea*8 ,a4 ,t a man c c>ry1 ?r\gh\t a long s]ies ( re9c>nations1 "o great1 good purpose :i* enables him to conqu] bad t5d5cies & develop virtu\s ones4 #aac4 ,q4 ,c we fix ! numb] ( re9c>nations ?r\gh :i* a ,bodhisattva mu/ pass be=e he c become a ,buddha8 ,a4 ,( c\rse n3 t dep5ds ^u 8 natural "*1 ! /ate ( developm5t to :i* he has arriv$ :5 he =ms ! resolution to become a ,buddha1 & o!r ?+s4 #aad4 ,q4 ,h we a way ( classify+ ,bodhisattvas8 ,if s1 expla9 x4 ,a4 ,bodhisattvas--! future ,buddhas--are divid$ into ?ree classes4 #aae4 ,q4 ,proce$4 ,h[ are ^! ?ree k9ds ( ,bodhisats nam$8 ,a4 ,pannadhika1 or ,udghatitaja--he :o atta9s lea/ quickly2 ,saddhadhika1 or ,vipa*itaja--he :o atta9s less quickly2 & ,viryadhika1 or ,gneyya--he :o atta9s quickly4 ,! ,pannadhika ,bodhisats take ! c\rse ( ,intellig5ce2 ! ,saddhadhika take ! c\rse ( ,fai?2 ! ,viryaahika take ! c\rse ( en]getic ,action4 ,! fir/ is guid$ by ,intellig5ce & does n ha/52 ! second is full ( ,fai?1 & does n c>e to take ! guidance ( ,wisdom2 & ! ?ird nev] delays to d :at is good4 ,reg>dless ( ! consequ5ces to himself1 he does x :5 he sees t x is be/ t x %\ld be done4 #aaf4 ,q4 ,:5 our ,bodhisattva became ,buddha1 :at did he see 0 ! cause ( human mis]y8 ,tell me 9 "o ^w4 ,a4 ,ignorance 7,avidya74 #aag4 ,q4 ,c y tell me ! rem$y8 ,a4 ,to dispel ,ignorance & become wise 7,praja74 #aah4 ,q4 ,:y does ignorance cause suff]+8 ,a4 ,because x makes u prize :at is n wor? priz+1 grieve :5 we %\ld n grieve1 consid] real :at is n real b only illusion>y1 & pass our lives 9 ! pursuit ( wor?less objects1 neglect+ :at is 9 reality mo/ valuable4 #aai4 ,q4 ,& :at is t :i* is mo/ valuable8 ,a4 ,to "k ! :ole secret ( man's exi/5ce & de/9y1 s t we may e/imate at no m ?an _! actual value ?is life & its relations2 & s t we may live 9 a way to ensure ! greate/ happ9ess & ! lea/ suff]+ = our fell[-m5 & ourselves4 #abj4 ,q4 ,:at is ! light t c dispel ?is ignorance ( ours & remove all sorr[s8 ,a4 ,! k ( ! ,f\r ,noble ,tru?s1 z ! ,buddha call$ !m4 #aba4 ,q4 ,"n ^! ,f\r ,noble ,tru?s8 ,a4 #a4 ,! mis]ies ( evolution>y exi/5ce result+ 9 bir?s & dea?s1 life aft] life4 #b4 ,! cause productive ( mis]y1 :i* is ! selfi% desire1 ev] r5ew$1 ( satisfy+ "o's self1 )\t be+ able ev] to secure t end4 #c4 ,! de/ruction ( t desire1 or ! e/rang+ ( "o's self f x4 #d4 ,! means ( obta9+ ?is de/ruction ( desire4 #abb4 ,q4 ,tell me "s ?+s t cause sorr[8 ,a4 ,bir?1 decay1 illness1 dea?1 sep>ation f objects we love1 association ) ^? :o are repugnant1 crav+ = :at _c be obta9$4 #abc4 ,q4 ,d ^! diff] ) ea* individual8 ,a4 ,yes3 b all m5 suff] f !m 9 degree4 #abd4 ,q4 ,h[ c we escape ! suff]+s :i* result f unsatisfi$ desires & ignorant crav+s8 ,a4 ,by complete conque/ ov]1 & de/ruction (1 ?is eag] ?ir/ = life & its pleasures1 :i* causes sorr[4 #abe4 ,q4 ,h[ may we ga9 su* a conque/8 ,a4 ,by foll[+ ! ,noble ,eight-fold ,pa? :i* ! ,buddha discov]$ & po9t$ out4 #abf4 ,q4 ,:at d y mean by t ^w3 :at is ?is ,noble ,eight-fold ,pa?8 7,= ! ,pali "n see ,q4 #gi47 ,a4 ,! eight p>ts ( ?is pa? are call$ angas4 ,!y are3 #a4 ,"r ,belief 7z to ! law ( ,causation1 or ,k>ma72 #b4 ,"r ,?\ght2 #c4 ,"r ,spee*2 #d4 ,"r ,action2 #e4 ,"r ,means ( ,livelihood2 #f4 ,"r ,ex]tion2 #g4 ,"r ,remembrance & ,self-discipl9e2 #h4 ,"r ,conc5tration ( ,?\ght4 ,! man :o keeps ^! angas 9 m9d & foll[s !m w be free f sorr[ & ultimately rea* salvation4 #abg4 ,q4 ,c y give a bett] ^w = salvation8 ,a4 ,yes1 emancipation4 #abh4 ,q4 ,emancipation1 !n1 f :at8 ,a4 ,emancipation f ! mis]ies ( e>?ly exi/5ce & ( rebir?s1 all ( :i* are due to ignorance & impure lu/s & crav+s4 #abi4 ,q4 ,& :5 ?is salvation or emancipation is atta9$1 :at d we rea*8 ,a4 ,,nirvana4 #acj4 ,q4 ,:at is ,nirvana8 ,a4 ,a condition ( total cessation ( *anges1 ( p]fect re/1 ( ! abs5ce ( desire & illusion & sorr[1 ( ! total oblit]ation ( ev]y?+ t goes to make up ! physical man4 ,be=e rea*+ ,nirvana man is con/antly be+ reborn2 :5 he rea*es ,nirvana he is born no m4 #aca4 ,q4 ,:]e c be f\nd a le>n$ discussion ( ! ^w ,nirvana & a li/ ( ! o!r names by :i* ! old ,pali writ]s attempt to def9e x8 ,a4 ,9 ! fam\s ,diction>y ( ! ,pali ,language1 by ! late ,mr4 ,b4 ,o4 ,*ild]s1 is a complete li/4#a #acb4 ,q4 ,b "s p imag9e t ,nirvana is "s sort ( heav5ly place1 a ,p>adise4 ,does ,buddhism tea* t8 ,a4 ,no4 ,:5 ,kutadanta ask$ ! ,buddha ,:]e is ,nirvana1 he repli$ t x 0 :]ev] ! precepts are obey$4 #acc4 ,q4 ,:at causes u to be reborn8 ,a4 ,! unsatisfi$ selfi% desire 7,skt41 tr%na2 ,pali1 tanha7 = ?+s t belong to ! /ate ( p]sonal exi/5ce 9 ! mat]ial _w4 ,?is unqu5*$ ?ir/ = physical exi/5ce 7bhava7 is a =ce1 & has a creative p[] 9 itself s /rong t x draws ! be+ back into mundane life4 #acd4 ,q4 ,are our rebir?s 9 any way affect$ by ! nature ( our unsatisfi$ desires8 ,a4 ,yes1 & by our individual m]its or dem]its4 #ace4 ,q4 ,does our m]it or dem]it control ! /ate1 condition or =m 9 :i* we %all be re-born8 ,a4 ,x does4 ,! broad rule is t if we h an excess ( m]it we %all be well & happily born ! next "t2 if an excess ( dem]it1 our next bir? w be wret*$ & full ( suff]+4 #acf4 ,q4 ,"o *ief pill> ( ,buddhi/ic doctr9e is1 !n1 ! idea t e effect is ! result ( an actual cause1 is x n8 ,a4 ,x is2 ( a cause ei!r imm$iate or remote4 #acg4 ,q4 ,:at d we call ?is causation8 ,a4 ,appli$ to individuals1 x is ,k>ma1 t is1 action4 ,x means t our own actions or de$s br+ ^u u :atev] ( joy or mis]y we exp]i5ce4 #ach4 ,q4 ,c a bad man escape f ! outwork+s ( 8 ,k>ma8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammapada says3 ,!re exi/s no spot on ! e>?1 or 9 ! sky1 or 9 ! sea1 nei!r is !re any 9 ! m\nta9-clefts1 :]e an 7evil7 de$ does n br+ tr\ble 7to ! do]74 #aci4 ,q4 ,c a good man escape8 ,a4 ,z ! result ( de$s ( peculi> m]it1 a man may atta9 c]ta9 advantages ( place1 body1 environm5t & tea*+ 9 8 next /age ( progress1 :i* w>d (f ! effects ( bad ,k>ma & help 8 high] evolution4 #adj4 ,:at are !y call$8 ,a4 ,gati ,sampatti1 ,upadhi ,sampatti1 ,kala ,sampatti & ,payoga ,sampatti4 #ada4 ,q4 ,is t consi/5t or inconsi/5t ) common s5se & ! tea*+s ( mod]n sci5ce8 ,a4 ,p]fectly consi/5t3 !re c be no d\bt ( x4 #adb4 ,q4 ,may all m5 become ,buddhas8 ,a4 ,x is n 9 ! nature ( e man to become a ,buddha2 = a ,buddha is develop$ only at long int]vals ( "t1 & seem+ly1 :5 ! /ate ( humanity absolutely requires su* a tea*] to %[ x ! =gott5 ,pa? to ,nirvana4 ,b e be+ may equally rea* ,nirvana1 by conqu]+ ,ignorance & ga9+ ,wisdom4 #adc4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism tea* t man is reborn only ^u our e>?8 ,a4 ,z a g5]al rule t w\ld be ! case1 until he _h evolv$ beyond its level2 b ! inhabit$ worlds are numb]less4 ,! _w ^u :i* a p]son is to h 8 next bir?1 z well z ! nature ( ! rebir? itself1 is decid$ by ! prepond]ance ( ! individual's m]it or dem]it4 ,9 o!r words1 x w be controll$ by 8 attractions1 z sci5ce w\ld describe x2 or by 8 ,k>ma1 z we1 ,buddhi/s1 w\ld say4 #add4 ,q4 ,are !re worlds m p]fectly develop$1 & o!rs less s ?an our ,e>?8 ,a4 ,buddhism tea*es t !re are :ole ,sakwalas1 or sy/ems ( worlds1 ( v>i\s k9ds1 high] & l[]1 & also t ! inhabitants ( ea* _w correspond 9 developm5t ) itself4 #ade4 ,q4 ,has n ! ,buddha summ$ up 8 :ole doctr9e 9 "o ga?a1 or v]se8 ,a4 ,yes4 #adf4 ,q4 ,repeat x8 ,a4 ,sabba papassa ak>anm1 ,kusalassa upasampada ,sa*itta p>iyo dapanam-- ,etam ,buddhanusasanam4 ,to cease f all evil actions1 ,to g5]ate all t is good1 ,to cleanse "o's m9d3 ,?is is ! con/ant advice ( ! ,buddhas4 #adg4 ,q4 ,h ! fir/ ?ree ( ^! l9es any v /rik+ *>act]i/ics8 ,a4 ,yes3 ! fir/ l9e embodies ! :ole _s ( ! ,v9aya ,pitaka1 ! second t ( ! ,sutta1 ! ?ird t ( ! ,abhidhamma4 ,!y comprise only eight ,pali words1 yet1 z ! dew-drop reflects ! />s1 !y sp>kle ) ! _s ( all ! ,buddha ,dh>ma4 #adh4 ,q4 ,d ^! precepts %[ t ,buddhism is an active or a passive religion8 ,a4 ,to cease f s9 may be call$ passive1 b to get virtue & to cleanse "o's own he>t1 or m9d1 are altoge!r active qualities4 ,buddha taught t we %\ld n m]ely n be evil1 b t we %\ld be positively good4 #adi4 ,q4 ,:o or :at are ! ,?ree ,guides#b t a ,buddhi/ ,is suppos$ to foll[8 ,a4 ,!y are disclos$ 9 ! =mula call$ ! ,tis>ana3 ,i foll[ ,buddha z my ,guide3 ,i foll[ ! ,law z my ,guide3 ,i foll[ ! ,ord] z my ,guide4 ,^! ?ree are1 9 fact1 ! ,buddha ,dh>ma4 #aej4 ,q4 ,:at does he mean :5 repeat+ ?is =mula8 ,a4 ,he means t he reg>ds ! ,buddha z 8 all-wise ,tea*]1 ,fri5d & ,exempl>2 ! ,law1 or ,doctr9e1 z conta9+ ! ess5tial & immutable pr9ciples ( ,ju/ice & ,tru? & ! pa? t leads to ! realisation ( p]fect peace ( m9d on e>?2 & ! ,ord] z ! tea*]s & exempl>s ( t excell5t ,law taught by ,buddha4 #aea4 ,q4 ,b are n "s ( ! memb]s ( ?is ,ord] m5 intellectually & morally inf]ior8 ,a4 ,yes2 b we are taught by ! ,buddha t only ^? :o dilig5tly att5d to ! ,precepts1 discipl9e _! m9ds1 & /rive to atta9 or h atta9$ "o ( ! eight /ages ( hol9ess & p]fection1 con/itute 8 ,ord]4 ,x is expressly /at$ t ! ,ord] ref]r$ to 9 ! ,tis>ana ref]s to ! ,at?a ,ariya ,puggala--! ,noble ,ones :o h atta9$ "o ( ! eight /ages ( p]fection4 ,! m]e we>+ ( yell[ robes1 or ev5 ord9ation1 does n ( itself make a man pure or wise or entitle him to rev]5ce4 #aeb4 ,q4 ,!n x is n su* unwor?y bhikkhus z !y1 :om ! true ,buddhi/ w\ld lake z 8 guides8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly n4 #aec4 ,q4 ,:at are ! five obs]vances1 or univ]sal precepts1 call$ ! ,pa*a ,sila1 :i* are impos$ on ! laity 9 g5]al8 ,a4 ,!y are includ$ 9 ! foll[+ =mula11 :i* ,buddhi/s repeat publicly at ! vih>as 7temples73 ,i obs]ve ! precept to refra9 f de/roy+ ! life ( be+s4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to refra9 f /eal+4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f unlawful sexual int]c\rse4#c ,i obs]ve ! precept to refra9 f falsehood4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f us+ intoxicants4 #aed4 ,q4 ,:at /rikes ! intellig5t p]son on read+ ^! ,silas8 ,a4 ,t "o :o obs]ves !m /rictly mu/ escape f e cause productive ( human mis]y4 ,if we /udy hi/ory we %all f9d t x has all sprung f "o or ano!r ( ^! causes4 #aee4 ,q4 ,9 :i* ,silas is ! f>-see+ wisdom ( ! ,buddha mo/ pla9ly %[n8 ,a4 ,9 ! fir/1 ?ird & fif?2 = ! tak+ ( life1 s5suality1 & ! use ( intoxicants1 cause at lea/ n9ety-five p] c5t ( ! suff]+s among m54 #aef4 ,q4 ,:at b5efits does a man d]ive f ! obs]vance ( ^! ,precepts8 ,a4 ,he is said to acquire m or less m]it accord+ to ! mann] & "t ( obs]v+ ! precepts1 & ! numb] obs]v$2 t is1 if he obs]ves only "o precept1 violat+ ! o!r f\r1 he acquires ! m]it ( ! obs]vance ( t precept only2 & ! long] he keeps t precept ! great] w be ! m]it4 ,he :o keeps all ! precepts inviolate w cause himself to h a high] & happi] exi/5ce h]eaft]4 #aeg4 ,q4 ,:at are ! o!r obs]vances :i* x is consid]$ m]itori\s = ! laity z su* to und]take volunt>ily to keep8 ,a4 ,! ,at?anga ,sila1 or ! ,eightfold ,precept1 :i* embraces ! five above enum]at$ 7omitt+ ! ^w unlawful 9 ! ?ird71 ) ?ree additional2 viz43 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f eat+ at an unseasonable "t4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f danc+1 s++1 music & unbecom+ %[s1 & f ! use ( g>l&s1 sc5ts1 p]fumes1 cosmetics1 o9tm5ts1 & ornam5ts4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f us+ high & broad b$s4 ,! seats & c\*es "h ref]r$ to are ^? us$ by ! worldly-m9d$ = ! sake ( pleasure & s5sual enjoym5t4 ,! celibate %\ld avoid ^!4 #aeh4 ,q4 ,h[ w\ld a ,buddhi/ describe true m]it8 ,a4 ,!re is no great m]it 9 any m]ely outw>d act2 all dep5ds ^u ! inw>d motive t provokes ! de$4 #aei4 ,q4 ,give an example8 ,a4 ,a ri* man may exp5d lakhs ( rupees 9 build+ dagobas or vih>as1 9 erect+ /atues ( ,buddha1 9 fe/ivals & processions1 9 fe$+ prie/s1 9 giv+ alms to ! poor1 or 9 plant+ trees1 digg+ tanks1 or con/ruct+ re/-h\ses by ! roadside = travell]s1 & yet h comp>atively little m]it if x be done = display1 or to he> himself prais$ by m51 or = any o!r selfi% motives4 ,b he :o does ! lea/ ( ^! ?+s ) a k9d motive1 su* z love = 8 fell[-m51 ga9s great m]it4 ,a good de$ done ) a bad motive b5efits o!rs1 b n ! do]4 ,"o :o approves ( a good de$ :5 done by ano!r %>es 9 ! m]it1 if 8 sympa?y is real1 n pret5d$4 ,! same rule applies to evil de$s4 #afj4 ,q4 ,b :i* is said to be ! greate/ ( all m]itori\s actions8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammapada decl>es t ! m]it ( dissem9at+ ! ,dh>ma1 ! ,law ( ,righte\sness1 is great] ?an t ( any o!r good "w4 #afa4 ,q4 ,:at books conta9 all ! mo/ excell5t wisdom ( ! ,buddha's tea*+s8 ,a4 ,! ?ree collections ( books call$ ,tripitakas or ,?ree ,baskets4 #afb4 ,q4 ,:at are ! names ( ! ?ree ,pitakas1 or gr\ps ( books8 ,a4 ,! ,v9aya ,pitaka1 ! ,sutta ,pitaka & ! ,abhidhamma ,pitaka4 #afc4 ,q4 ,:at d !y respectively conta98 ,a4 ,! fir/ conta9s all t p]ta9s to morality & ! rules ( discipl9e = ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,sangha1 or ,ord]2 ! second conta9s in/ructive disc\rses on e?ics applicable to all2 ! ?ird expla9s ! psy*ological tea*+s ( ! ,buddha1 includ+ ! tw5ty-f\r transc5d5tal laws explanatory ( ! work+s ( ,nature4 #afd4 ,q4 ,d ,buddhi/s relieve ^! books to be inspir$1 or reveal$1 by a ,div9e ,be+8 ,a4 ,no2 b !y rev]e !m z conta9+ all ! p>ts ( t mo/ ,excell5t ,law1 by ! kn[+ ( :i* man may break ?r\gh ! trammels ( ,sams>a4 #afe4 ,q4 ,9 ! :ole text ( ! ?ree ,pitakas h[ _m words are !re8 ,a4 ,dr4 ,rhys-,davids e/imates !m at #a1geb1hjj4 #aff4 ,q4 ,:5 7 ! ,pitakas fir/ r$uc$ to writ+8 ,a4 ,9 #hh-gf ,b4,c41 "u ! ,s9halese ,k+1 ,wattagam9i1 or ?ree hundr$ & ?irty ye>s aft] ! ,p>anirvana ( ! ,buddha4 #afg4 ,q4 ,h we reason to believe t all ! disc\rses ( ! ,buddha are kn[n to u8 ,a4 ,probably n1 & x w\ld be /range if !y 74 ,)9 ! =ty-five ye>s ( 8 public life he mu/ h prea*$ _m hundr$s ( disc\rses4 ,( ^!1 9 times ( w> & p]secution1 _m mu/ h be5 lo/1 _m scatt]$ to di/ant c\ntries1 & _m mutilat$4 ,hi/ory says t enemies ( ! ,buddha ,dh>ma burnt piles ( our books z high z a coco-nut tree4 #afh4 ,q4 ,d ,buddhi/s consid] ! ,buddha z "o :o by 8 own virtue c save u f ! consequ5ce ( our individual s9s8 ,a4 ,n at all4 ,man mu/ emancipate himself4 ,until he does t he w cont9ue be+ born ov] & ov] & ov] aga9--! victim ( ignorance1 ! slave ( unqu5*$ passions4 #afi4 ,q4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! ,buddha to u1 & all o!r be+s8 ,a4 ,an all-see+1 all-wise ,c\nsellor2 "o :o discov]$ ! safe pa? & po9t$ x out2 "o :o %[$ ! cause (1 & ! only cure =1 human suff]+4 ,9 po9t+ to ! road1 9 %[+ u h[ to escape dang]s1 he became our ,guide4 ,he is to u l "o lead+ a bl9d man across a n>r[ bridge ov] a swift & deep /ream & s sav+ 8 life4 #agj4 ,q4 ,if we 7 to try to repres5t ! :ole _s ( ! ,buddha's doctr9e by "o ^w1 :i* ^w %\ld we *oose8 ,a4 ,ju/ice4 #aga4 ,q4 ,:y8 ,a4 ,because x tea*es t e man gets1 "u ! op]ations ( un]r+ ,,k>ma1 exactly t rew>d or puni%m5t :i* he has des]v$1 no m & no less4 ,no good de$ or bad de$1 h[ev] trifl+1 & h[ev] secretly committ$1 escapes ! ev5ly-balanc$ scales ( ,k>ma4 #agb4 ,q4 ,:at is ,k>ma8#d ,a4 ,a causation op]at+ on ! moral1 z well z on ! physical & o!r planes4 ,buddhi/s say !re is no miracle 9 human affairs3 :at a man s[s t he mu/ & w reap4 #agc4 ,q4 ,:at o!r good words h be5 us$ to express ! ess5ce ( ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,self-culture & univ]sal love4 #agd4 ,q4 ,:at doctr9e ennobles ,buddhism1 & gives x its exalt$ place among ! _w's religions8 ,a4 ,t ( ,mitta or ,maitreya--compassionate k9dness4 ,! importance ( ?is doctr9e is moreov] emphasis$ 9 ! giv+ ( ! "n ,maitri 7! ,compassionate ,"o71 to ! com+ ,buddha4 #age4 ,q4 ,7 all ^! po9ts ( ,doctr9e t y h expla9$ m$itat$ ^u by ! ,buddha ne> ! ,bo-tree8 ,a4 ,yes1 ^! & _m m t may be read 9 ! ,buddhi/ ,scriptures4 ,! entire sy/em ( ,buddhism came to 8 m9d dur+ ! ,great ,enlight5m5t4 #agf4 ,q4 ,h[ long did ! ,buddha rema9 ne> ! ,bo-tree8 ,a4 ,=ty-n9e days4 #agg4 ,q4 ,:at d we call ! fir/ disc\rse prea*$ by ! ,buddha--t :i* he address$ to 8 five =m] companions8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammacakka-ppavattana sutta--! ,sutra ( ! ,def9ition ( ! ,rule ( ,doctr9e4#e #agh4 ,q4 ,:at subjects 7 treat$ by him 9 ?is disc\rse8 ,a4 ,! ,f\r ,noble ,tru?s1 & ! ,noble ,eightfold ,pa?4 ,he condemn$ ! extreme physical mortification ( ! ascetics1 on ! "o h&1 & ! enjoym5t ( s5sual pleasures on ! o!r2 po9t+ out & recomm5d+ ! ,noble ,eightfold ,pa? z ! ,middle ,pa?4 #agi4 ,q4 ,did ! ,buddha hold ) idol-wor%ip8 ,a4 ,he did n2 he oppos$ x4 ,! wor%ip ( gods1 demons1 trees1 etc41 0 condemn$ by ! ,buddha4 ,ext]nal wor%ip is a fett] t "o has to break if he is to advance high]4 #ahj4 ,q4 ,b1 d n ,buddhi/s make rev]5ce be=e ! /atue ( ! ,buddha1 8 relics1 & ! monum5ts en%r9+ !m8 ,a4 ,yes1 b n ) ! s5tim5t ( ! idolat]4 #aha4 ,q4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce8 ,a4 ,our ,pagan bro!r n only takes 8 images z visible repres5tations ( 8 unse5 ,god or gods1 b ! ref9$ idolat]1 9 wor%ipp+1 consid]s t ! idol conta9s 9 its sub/ance a portion ( ! all-p]vad+ div9ity4 #ahb4 ,q4 ,:at does ! ,buddhi/ ?9k8 ,a4 ,! ,buddhi/ rev]5ces ! ,buddha's /atue & ! o!r ?+s y h m5tion$1 only z mem5toes ( ! greate/1 wise/1 mo/ b5evol5t & compassionate man 9 ?is _w-p]iod 7,kalpa74 ,all races & p pres]ve1 treasure up1 & value ! relics & mem5toes ( m5 & wom5 :o h be5 consid]$ 9 any way great4 ,! ,buddha1 to u1 seems m to be rev]$ & belov$ ?an any "o else1 by e human be+ :o kn[s sorr[4 #ahc4 ,q4 ,has ! ,buddha himself giv5 u some?+ def9ite ^u ?is subject8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,9 ! ,maha ,p>i-,nirvana ,sutta he says t emancipation is atta9able only by lead+ ! ,holy life1 accord+ to ! ,noble ,eight-fold ,pa?1 n by et]nal wor%ip 7amisa puja71 nor by adoration ( himself1 or ( ano!r1 or ( any image4 #ahd4 ,q4 ,:at 0 ! ,buddha's e/imate ( c]emonialism8 ,a4 ,f ! beg9n+1 he condemn$ ! obs]vance ( c]emonies & o!r ext]nal practices1 :i* only t5d to increase our spiritual bl9dness & our cl++ to m]e lifeless =ms4 #ahe4 ,q4 ,:at z to controv]sies8 ,a4 ,9 num]\s disc\rses he d5\nc$ ?is habit z mo/ p]nici\s4 ,he prescrib$ p5ances = ,bhikkhus :o wa/e "t & weak5 _! high] intuitions 9 wrangl+ ov] !ories & metaphysical subtleties4 #ahf4 ,q4 ,are *>ms1 incantations1 ! obs]vance ( lucky h\rs & devil-danc+ a "p ( ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,!y are positively repugnant to its fundam5tal pr9ciples4 ,!y are ! surviv+ relics ( feti%ism & pan!i/ic & o!r =eign religions4 ,9 ! ,brahmajata ,sutta ! ,buddha has categorically describ$ ^! & o!r sup]/itions z ,pagan1 mean & spuri\s4#f #ahg4 ,q4 ,:at /rik+ contra/s are !re betwe5 ,buddhism & :at may be prop]ly call$ religions8 ,a4 ,among o!rs1 ^!3 ,x tea*es ! highe/ goodness )\t a creat+ ,god2 a cont9uity ( life )\t adh]+ to ! sup]/iti\s & selfi% doctr9e ( an et]nal1 metaphysical s\l-sub/ance t goes out ( ! body2 a happ9ess )\t an objective heav52 a me?od ( salvation )\t a vic>i\s ,savi\r2 r$emption by oneself z ! ,r$eem]1 & )\t rites1 pray]s1 p5ances1 prie/s or int]cessory sa9ts2 & a summum bonum1 i4e41 ,nirvana1 atta9able 9 ?is life & 9 ?is _w by lead+ a pure1 unselfi% life ( wisdom & ( compassion to all be+s4 #ahh4 ,q4 ,specify ! two ma9 divisions ( m$itation1 i4e41 ( ! process by :i* "o ext+ui%es passion & atta9s k8 ,a4 ,sama?a & ,vid>sama3 7#a7 ! att5uation ( passion by lead+ ! holy life & by cont9u$ ef=t to subdue ! s5ses2 7#b7 ! atta9m5t ( sup]normal wisdom by reflection3 ea* ( :i* embraces tw5ty aspects1 b ,i ne$ n "h specify !m4 #ahi4 ,q4 ,:at are ! f\r pa?s or /ages ( advancem5t t "o may atta9 to8 ,a4 7#a7 ,sottapatti--! beg9n+ or ent]+ into :i* foll[s aft] "o's cle> p]ception ( ! ,f\r ,noble ,tru?s2 7#b7 ,sak>dagami--! pa? ( "o :o has s subjugat$ lu/1 hatr$ & delusion t he ne$ only return once to ?is _w2 7#c7 ,anagami--! pa? ( ^? :o h s f> conqu]$ self t !y ne$ n return to ?is _w2 7#d7 ,arhat--! pa? ( ! holy & wor?y ,arhat1 :o is n only free f ! necessity ( re9c>nation1 b has capacitat$ himself to enjoy p]fect wisdom1 b\ndless pity = ! ignorant & suff]+1 & measureless love = all be+s4 #aij4 ,q4 ,does popul> ,buddhism conta9 no?+ b :at is true1 & 9 accord ) sci5ce8 ,a4 ,l e o!r religion t has exi/$ _m c5turies1 x c]ta9ly n[ conta9s untru? m+l$ ) tru?2 ev] gold is f\nd mix$ ) dross4 ,! poetical imag9ation1 ! zeal1 or ! l+]+ sup]/ition ( ,buddhi/ devotees h1 9 v>i\s ages1 & 9 v>i\s l&s1 caus$ ! noble pr9ciples ( ! ,buddha's moral doctr9es to be c\pl$ m or less ) :at might be remov$ to advantage4 #aia4 ,q4 ,:5 su* p]v]sions are discov]$1 :at %\ld be ! true ,buddhi/'s e>ne/ desire8 ,a4 ,! true ,buddhi/ %\ld be ev] ready & anxi\s to see ! false purg$ away f ! true1 & to assi/1 if he c4 ,?ree great ,c\ncils ( ! ,sangha 7 held = ! express purpose ( purg+ ! body ( ,tea*+s f all corrupt int]polations4 #aib4 ,q4 ,:58 ,a4 ,! fir/1 at ,sattapanni cave1 j aft] ! dea? ( ! ,buddha2 ! second at ,valuk>ama1 9 ,vaisali2 ! ?ird at ,asok>ama ,vih>a1 at ,pataliputra1 #bce ye>s aft] ,buddha's decease4 #aic4 ,q4 ,9 :at disc\rse does ! ,buddha himself w>n u to expect ?is p]v]sion ( ! true ,doctr9e8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,sanyutta ,nikaya4 #aid4 ,q4 ,are !re any dogmas 9 ,buddhism :i* we are requir$ to accept on fai?8 ,a4 ,no3 we are e>ne/ly enjo9$ to accept no?+ :atev] on fai?2 :e!r x be writt5 9 books1 h&$ d[n f our ance/ors1 or taught by ! sages4 #aie4 ,q4 ,did he himself really tea* t noble rule8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,! ,buddha has said t we mu/ n believe 9 a ?+ said m]ely because x is said2 nor 9 traditions because !y h be5 h&$ d[n f antiquity2 nor rum\rs1 z su*2 nor writ+s by sages1 m]ely because sages wrote !m2 nor fancies t we may suspect to h be5 inspir$ 9 u by a ,deva 7t is1 9 presum$ spiritual inspiration72 nor f inf]5ces drawn f "s haphaz>d assumption we may h made2 nor because ( :at seems an analogical necessity2 nor on ! m]e au?ority ( our own tea*]s or ma/]s4 #aif4 ,q4 ,:51 !n1 mu/ we believe8 ,a4 ,we are to believe :5 ! writ+ doctr9e or say+ is corroborat$ by our own reason & consci\sness4 ,= ?is1 says he 9 conclud+1 ,i taught y n to believe m]ely because y h he>d1 b :5 y believ$ ( y\r own consci\sness1 !n to act accord+ly & abundantly4 7,see ! ,kalama ,sutta ( ! ,angutt>a ,nikaya1 & ! ,maha ,p>i ,nirvana ,sutta47 #aig4 ,q4 ,:at does ! ,buddha call himself8 ,a4 ,he says t he & ! o!r ,buddhas are only prea*]s ( tru? :o po9t out ! way3 we ourselves mu/ make ! ef=t4 #aih4 ,q4 ,:]e is ?is said8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,dhammapada1 ,*apt] xx4 #aii4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism c\nt5ance hypocrisy8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammapada says3 ,l a beautiful fl[] full ( col\r )\t sc5t ! f9e words ( him :o does n act accord+ly are fruitless4 #bjj4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism tea* u to return evil = evil8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,dhammapada ! ,buddha said3 ,if a man fooli%ly does me wrong1 ,i w return to him ! protection ( my ungrudg+ love2 ! m evil comes f him1 ! m good %all g f me4 ,?is is ! pa? foll[$ by ! ,arhat4#g ,to return evil = evil is positively =bidd5 9 ,buddhism4 #bja4 ,q4 ,does x enc\rage cruelty8 ,a4 ,no1 inde$4 ,9 ! ,five ,precepts & 9 _m ( 8 disc\rses1 ! ,buddha tea*es u to be m]ciful to all be+s1 to try & make !m happy1 to love !m all1 to ab/a9 f tak+ life1 or cons5t+ to x1 or enc\rag+ its be+ done4 #bjb4 ,q4 ,9 :i* disc\rse is ?is /at$8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammika ,sutta says3 ,let him 7! h\sehold]7 n de/roy1 or cause to be de/roy$1 any life at all1 or sanction ! act ( ^? :o d s4 ,let him refra9 f ev5 hurt+ any creature4#h #bjc4 ,q4 ,does x approve ( drunk5ness8 ,a4 ,9 8 ,dhammika ,sutta we are w>n$ aga9/ dr9k+ liquors1 caus+ o!rs to dr9k1 or sanction+ ! acts ( ^? :o dr9k4#i #bjd4 ,q4 ,to :at are we told t drunk5ness leads8 ,a4 ,to dem]it1 crime1 insanity1 & ignorance--:i* is ! *ief cause ( rebir?4 #bje4 ,q4 ,:at does ,buddhism tea* ab\t m>riage8 ,a4 ,absolute *a/ity be+ a condition ( full spiritual developm5t1 is mo/ highly comm5d$2 b a m>riage to "o wife & fidelity to h] is recognis$ z a k9d ( *a/ity4 ,polygamy 0 c5sur$ by ! ,buddha z involv+ ignorance & promot+ lu/4 #bjf4 ,q4 ,9 :at disc\rse8 ,a4 ,! ,angutt>a ,nikaya1 ,*apt] iv1 #ee4 #bjg4 ,q4 ,:at does x tea* z to ! duty ( p>5ts to *ildr58 ,a4 ,!y %\ld re/ra9 !m f vice1 tra9 !m 9 virtue2 h !m taught arts & sci5ces2 provide !m ) suitable wives & husb&s1 & give !m _! inh]itance4 #bjh4 ,q4 ,:at is ! duty ( *ildr58 ,a4 ,to support _! p>5ts :5 old or ne$y2 p]=m family duties incumb5t on !m2 gu>d _! prop]ty2 make !mselves wor?y to be _! heirs1 & :5 !y are gone1 hon\r _! memory4 #bji4 ,q4 ,:at ( pupils to ! tea*]8 ,a4 ,to %[ him respect2 m9i/] to him2 obey him2 supply 8 wants2 att5d to 8 in/ruction4 #baj4 ,q4 ,:at ( husb& to wife8 ,a4 ,to *]i% h]2 treat h] ) respect & k9dness2 be fai?ful to h]2 cause h] to be hon\r$ by o!rs2 provide h] ) suitable ornam5ts & clo!s4 #baa4 ,q4 ,:at ( ! wife to h] husb&8 ,a4 ,to %[ affection to him2 ord] h] h\sehold aright2 be hospitable to gue/s2 be *a/e2 be ?rifty2 %[ skill & dilig5ce 9 all ?+s4 #bab4 ,q4 ,:]e are ^! precepts taught8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,sigalovada ,sutta4 #bac4 ,q4 ,d ri*es help a man to future happ9ess8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammapada says3 ,"o is ! road t leads to weal?1 ano!r ! road t leads to ,nirvana4 #bad4 ,q4 ,does t mean t no ri* man c atta9 ,nirvana8 ,a4 ,t dep5ds on :i* he loves mo/4 ,if he uses 8 weal? = ! b5efit ( mank9d--= ! suff]+1 ! oppress$1 ! ignorant--!n 8 weal? aids him to acquire m]it4 #bae4 ,q4 ,b if ! contr>y8 ,a4 ,b if he loves & gre$ily ho>ds money = ! sake ( its possession1 !n x weak5s 8 moral s5se1 prompts him to crime1 br+s curses ^u him 9 ?is life1 & _! effects are felt 9 ! next bir?4 #baf4 ,q4 ,:at says ! ,dhammapada ab\t ignorance8 ,a4 ,t x is a ta9t worse ?an all ta9ts t a man c put ^u himself4 #bag4 ,q4 ,:at does x say ab\t un*>itabl5ess t[>ds o!rs8 ,a4 ,t ! fault ( o!rs is easily p]ceiv$1 b t ( oneself difficult to p]ceive2 a man w9n[s 8 neighb\r's faults l *aff1 b 8 own fault he hides1 z a *eat hides ! bad die f ! gambl]4 #bah4 ,q4 ,:at advice does ! ,buddha give u z to man's duty to ! poor8 ,a4 ,he says t a man's net income %\ld be divid$ into f\r p>ts1 ( :i* "o %\ld be devot$ to philan?ropic objects4 #bai4 ,q4 ,:at five occupations are said to be l[ & base8 ,a4 ,sell+ liquor1 sell+ animals = slaught]1 sell+ poison1 sell+ murd]\s weapons1 & deal+ 9 slaves4 #bbj4 ,q4 ,:o are said to be incapable ( progress 9 spirituality8 ,a4 ,! kill]s ( fa!r1 "m1 & holy ,arhats2 ,bhikkhus :o s[ discord 9 ! ,sangha2 ^? :o attempt to injure ! p]son ( a ,buddha2 ^? :o hold extremely nihili/ic views z to ! future exi/5ce2 & ^? :o are extremely s5sual4 #aba4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism specify places or conditions ( torm5t into :i* a bad man's ,k>ma draws him on leav+ ?is life8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,!y are3 ,sanjiva2 ,kalasutra2 ,sanghata2 ,raurava2 ,maha-,raurava ,tapa2 ,pratapa2 ,avi*i4 #bbb4 ,q4 ,is ! torm5t et]nal8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,its duration dep5ds on a man's ,k>ma4 #bbc4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism decl>e t non-believ]s 9 ,buddha w ( necessity be damn$ = _! unbelief8 ,a4 ,no2 by good de$s !y may enjoy a limit$ t]m ( happ9ess be=e be+ drawn into rebir? by _! unexhau/$ tanha4 ,to escape rebir?1 "o mu/ tread ! ,noble ,eight-fold ,pa?4 #bbd4 ,q4 ,:at is ! spiritual /atus ( woman among ,buddhi/s8 ,a4 ,accord+ to our religion !y are on a foot+ ( p]fect equality ) m54 ,woman1 says ! ,buddha1 9 ! ,*ullav$alla ,sutta1 may atta9 ! highe/ pa? ( hol9ess t is op5 to man--,arhat%ip4 #bbe4 ,q4 ,:at does a mod]n critic say ab\t ! effect ( ,buddhism on woman8 ,a4 ,t x has done m = ! happ9ess & enfran*isem5t ( woman ?an any o!r cre$ 7,sir ,lepel ,griff974 #bbf4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,buddha tea* ab\t ca/e8 ,a4 ,t "o does n become ( any ca/e1 :e!r ,p>iah1 ! l[e/1 or ,brahmana ! highe/1 by bir?1 b by de$s4 ,by de$s1 said ,he1 "o becomes an outca/1 by de$s "o becomes a ,brahmana 7,see ,vassala ,sutta74 #bbg4 ,q4 ,tell me a /ory to illu/rate ?is8 ,a4 ,an&a1 pass+ by a well1 0 ?ir/y & ask$ ,prakrti1 a girl ( ! ,matanga1 or ,p>iah1 ca/e1 to give him wat]4 ,%e said %e 0 ( su* l[ ca/e t he w\ld become contam9at$ by tak+ wat] f h] h&4 ,b ,an&a repli$3 ,i ask n = ca/e b = wat]2 & ! ,matanga girl's he>t 0 glad & %e gave him to dr9k4 ,! ,buddha bless$ h] = x4 #bbh4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,buddha say 9 ,vasala ,sutta ab\t a man ( ! ,p>iah ,sopaka ca/e8 ,a4 ,t by 8 m]its he rea*$ ! highe/ fame2 t _m ,khattiyas 7,k%attriyas7 & ,brahmanas w5t to s]ve him2 & t aft] dea? he 0 born 9 ! ,brahma-_w3 :ile !re are _m ,brahmanas :o = _! evil de$s are born 9 hell4 #bbi4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism tea* ! immortality ( ! s\l8 ,a4 ,x consid]s s\l to be a ^w us$ by ! ignorant to express a false idea4 ,if ev]y?+ is subject to *ange1 !n man is includ$1 & e mat]ial "p ( him mu/ *ange4 ,t :i* is subject to *ange is n p]man5t3 s !re c be no immortal survival ( a *angeful ?+4#aj #bcj4 ,q4 ,:at is s objectionable 9 ?is ^w s\l8 ,a4 ,! idea associat$ ) x t man c be an entity sep>at$ f all o!r entities1 & f ! exi/5ce ( ! :ole ( ! ,univ]se4 ,?is idea ( sep>at5ess is unreasonable1 n provable by logic1 nor support$ by sci5ce4 #bca4 ,q4 ,!n !re is no sep>ate ,i1 nor c we say my ?is or t8 ,a4 ,exactly s4 #bcb4 ,q4 ,if ! idea ( a sep>ate human s\l is to be reject$1 :at is x 9 man :i* gives him ! impression ( hav+ a p]man5t p]sonality8 ,a4 ,tanha1 or ! unsatisfi$ desire = exi/5ce4 ,! be+ hav+ done t = :i* he mu/ be rew>d$ or puni%$ 9 future1 & hav+ ,tanha1 w h a rebir? ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,k>ma4 #bcc4 ,q4 ,:at is x t is born8 ,a4 ,a new aggregation ( ,sk&has1 or p]sonality#aa caus$ by ! la/ g5]ative ?\ght ( ! dy+ p]son4 #bcd4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,sk&has are !re8 ,a4 ,five4 #bce4 ,q4 ,"n ! five ,sk&has8 ,a4 ,rupa1 ,v$ana1 ,saa1 ,samkh>a1 & ,viana4 #bcf4 ,q4 ,briefly expla9 :at !y are8 ,a4 ,rupa1 mat]ial qualities2 ,v$ana1 s5sation2 ,saa1 ab/ract ideas2 ,samkh>a1 t5d5cies ( m9d2 ,viana1 m5tal p[]s1 or consci\sness4 ,( ^! we are =m$2 by !m we are consci\s ( exi/5ce2 & ?r\gh !m communicate ) ! _w ab\t u4 #bcg4 ,q4 ,to :at cause mu/ we attribute ! diff]5ces 9 ! comb9ation ( ! five ,sk&has :i* make e individual diff] f e o!r individual8 ,a4 ,to ! rip5$ ,k>ma ( ! individual 9 8 prec$+ bir?s4 #bch4 ,q4 ,:at is ! =ce ( en]gy t is at "w1 "u ! guidance ( ,k>ma1 to produce ! new be+8 ,a4 ,tanha--! w to live4#ab #bci4 ,q4 ,^u :at is ! doctr9e ( rebir?s f\nd$8 ,a4 ,^u ! p]ception t p]fect ju/ice1 equilibrium & adju/m5t are inh]5t 9 ! univ]sal sy/em ( ,nature4 ,buddhi/s d n believe t "o life--ev5 ?\gh x 7 ext5d$ to "o hundr$ or five hundr$ ye>s--is long en\gh = ! rew>d or puni%m5t ( a man's de$s4 ,! great circle ( rebir?s w be m or less quickly run ?r\gh accord+ to ! prepond]at+ purity or impurity ( ! sev]al lives ( ! individual4 #bdj4 ,q4 ,is ?is new aggregation ( ,sk&has--?is new p]sonality--! same be+ z t 9 ! previ\s bir?1 ^: ,tanha has br\ght x into exi/5ce8 ,a4 ,9 "o s5se x is a new be+2 9 ano!r x is n4 ,9 ,pali x is--na*a s na*a ao :i* means n ! same nor yet ano!r4 ,dur+ ?is life ! ,sk&has are con/antly *ang+2#ac & :ile ! man ,a4 ,b41 ( =ty1 is id5tical1 z reg>ds p]sonality1 ) ! y\? ,a4 ,b41 ( eighte51 yet1 by ! cont9ual wa/e & rep>ation ( 8 body1 & *ange ( m9d & "*1 he is a diff]5t be+4 ,nev]!less1 ! man 9 8 old age ju/ly reaps ! rew>d ( suff]+ consequ5t ^u 8 ?\ghts & actions at e previ\s /age ( 8 life4 ,s ! new be+ ( a rebir?1 be+ ! same individuality z be=e1 b ) a *ang$ =m1 or new aggregation ( ,sk&has1 ju/ly reaps ! consequ5ces ( 8 actions & ?\ghts 9 ! previ\s exi/5ce4 #bda4 ,q4 ,b ! ag$ man rememb]s ! incid5ts ( 8 y\?1 despite 8 be+ physically & m5tally *ang$4 ,:y1 !n1 is n ! recollection ( pa/ lives br\ght ov] by u f our la/ bir?1 into ! pres5t bir?8 ,a4 ,because memory is includ$ )9 ! ,sk&has2 & ! ,sk&has hav+ *ang$ ) ! new re9c>nation1 a new memory1 ! record ( ( t p>ticul> exi/5ce1 develops4 ,yet ! record or reflection ( all ! pa/ e>?-lives mu/ survive2 =1 :5 ,pr9ce ,siddh>?a became ,buddha1 ! full sequ5ce ( 8 previ\s bir?s 0 se5 by him4 ,if _! sev]al incid5ts _h left no trace beh9d1 ?is c\ld n h be5 s1 z !re w\ld h be5 no?+ = him to see4 ,& any "o :o atta9s to ! f\r? /ate ( ,dhyana 7psy*ical insight7 c ?us retrospectively trace ! l9e ( 8 lives4 #bdb4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ultimate po9t t[>ds :i* t5d all ^! s]ies ( *anges 9 =m8 ,a4 ,nirvana4 #bdc4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism tea* t we %\ld d good ) ! view ( rea*+ ,nirvana8 ,a4 ,no2 t w\ld be z absolute selfi%ness z ?\gh ! rew>d hop$ = _h be5 money1 a ?rone1 or any o!r s5sual enjoym5t4 ,nirvana _c be s rea*$1 & ! unwise speculator is =$oom$ to disappo9tm5t4 #bdd4 ,q4 ,please make x a little cle>]8 ,a4 ,nirvana is ! synonym ( unselfi%ness1 ! entire surr5d] ( selfhood to tru?4 ,! ignorant man aspires to nirvanic happ9ess )\t ! lea/ idea ( its nature4 ,abs5ce ( selfi%ness is ,nirvana4 ,do+ good ) ! view to gett+ results1 or lead+ ! holy life ) ! object ( ga9+ heav5ly happ9ess1 is n ! ,noble ,life t ! ,buddha enjo9$4 ,)\t hope ( rew>d ! ,noble ,life %\ld be liv$1 & t is ! highe/ life4 ,! nirvanic /ate c be atta9$ :ile "o is liv+ on ?is e>?4 #bde4 ,q4 ,"n ! t5 great ob/acles to advancem5t1 call$ ,sanyojanas1 ! ,fett]s8 ,a4 ,delusion ( self 7,sakkaya-dit?i72 ,d\bt 7,vicikic*a72 ,dep5d5ce on sup]/iti\s rites 7,silabbata-p>amasa72 ,s5suality1 bodily passions 7,kama72 ,hatr$1 ill-feel+ 7,patigha72 ,love ( life on e>? 7,rup>aga72 ,desire = life 9 a heav5 7,arup>aga72 ,pride 7,mana72 ,self-righte\sness 7,uddhacca72 ,ignorance 7,avijja74 #bdf4 ,q4 ,to become an ,arhat1 h[ _m ( ^! fett]s mu/ be brok58 ,a4 ,all4 #bdg4 ,q4 ,:at are ! five ,nirw>anas or ,h9drances8 ,a4 ,gre$1 ,malice1 ,slo?1 ,pride1 & ,d\bt4 #bdh4 ,q4 ,:y d we see ?is m9ute division ( feel+s1 impulses1 work+s ( ! m9d1 ob/acles & aids to advancem5t s mu* us$ 9 ! ,buddha's tea*+s8 ,x is v confus+ to a beg9n]4 ,a4 ,x is to help u to obta9 k ( ourselves1 by tra9+ our m9ds to ?9k out e subject 9 detail4 ,by foll[+ out ?is sy/em ( self-exam9ation1 we come f9ally to acquire k & see tru? z x is4 ,?is is ! c\rse tak5 by e wise tea*] to help 8 pupil's m9d to develop4 #bdi4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ( ! ,buddha's disciples 7 specially r5[n$ = _! sup]ior qualities8 ,a4 ,!re are eighty s di/+ui%$4 ,!y are call$ ! ,asiti ,maha ,savakas4 #bej4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,buddha's wisdom embrace8 ,a4 ,he knew ! nature ( ! ,kn[able & ! ,unkn[able1 ! ,possible & ! ,impossible1 ! cause ( ,m]it & ,dem]it2 he c\ld read ! ?\ghts ( all be+s2 he knew ! laws ( ,nature1 ! illusions ( ! s5ses & ! means to suppress desires2 he c\ld di/+ui% ! bir? & rebir? ( individuals1 & o!r ?+s4 #bea4 ,q4 ,:at d we call ! basic pr9ciple on :i* ! :ole ( ! ,buddha's tea*+ is con/ruct$8 ,a4 ,x is call$ ,paticca ,samuppada4#ad #beb4 ,q4 ,is x easily grasp$8 ,a4 ,x is mo/ difficult2 9 fact1 ! full mean+ & ext5t ( x is beyond ! capacity ( su* z are n p]fectly develop$4 #bec4 ,q4 ,:at said ! great comm5tator ,buddha ,gho%a ab\t x8 ,a4 ,t ev5 he 0 z helpless 9 ?is va/ ocean ( ?\ght z "o :o is drift+ on ! ocean ( wat]s4 #bed4 ,q4 ,!n :y %\ld ! ,buddha say1 9 ! ,p>9ibbana ,sutta1 t he has no su* ?+ z ! clos$ fi/ ( a tea*]1 :o keeps some?+ back8 ,if 8 :ole tea*+ 0 op5 to e "o's compreh5sion :y %\ld s great & le>n$ a man z ,buddha ,gho%a decl>e x s h>d to und]/&8 ,a4 ,! ,buddha evid5tly meant t he taught ev]y?+ freely2 b equally c]ta9 is x t ! real basis ( ! ,dh>ma c only be und]/ood by him :o has p]fect$ 8 p[]s ( compreh5sion4 ,x is1 !re=e1 incompreh5sible to common1 un5light5$ p]sons4 #bee4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha support ?is view8 ,a4 ,! ,buddha look$ into ! he>t ( ea* p]son1 & prea*$ to suit ! individual temp]am5t & spiritual developm5t ( ! he>]4 #a ,mr4 ,*ild]s takes a highly pessimi/ic view ( ! ,nirvanic /ate1 reg>d+ x z annihilation4 ,lat] /ud5ts disagree ) him4 #b ,s>anam4 ,wijes9ha ,mudali> writes me3 ,?is ^w has be5 hi!rto v inappropriately & errone\sly r5d]$ ,refuge1 by ,european ,pali s*ol>s1 & ?\ghtlessly s accept$ by native ,pali s*ol>s4 ,nei!r ,pali etymology nor ,buddhi/ic philosophy ju/ifies ! translation4 ,refuge1 9 ! s5se ( a flee+ back or a place ( %elt]1 is q =eign to true ,buddhism1 :i* insi/s on e man work+ out 8 own emancipation4 ,! root ,sr 9 ,samskrt 7s>a 9 ,pali7 means to move1 to g2 s t ,suranim w\ld d5ote a mov+1 or he or t :i* goes be=e or ) ano!r--a ,guide or ,help]4 ,i con/rue ! passage ?us3 ,ga**ami1 ,i g1 ,buddham1 to ,buddha ,s>anam1 z my ,guide4 ,! translation ( ! ,tis>ana z ! ,?ree ,refuges1 has giv5 rise to mu* misappreh5sion1 & has be5 made by anti-,buddhi/s a f]tile pretext = taunt+ ,buddhi/s ) ! absurdity ( tak+ refuge 9 non-entities & believ+ 9 unrealities4 ,! t]m refuge is m applicable to ,nirvana1 ( :i* ,s>anam is a synonym4 ,! ,high ,prie/ ,sumangala also calls my att5tion to ! fact t ! ,pali root ,s>a has ! second>y mean+ ( kill+1 or t :i* de/roys4 ,buddham s>anam ga**hami might ?us be r5d]$ ,i g to ,buddha1 ! ,law1 & ! ,ord]1 z ! de/roy]s ( my fe>s--! fir/ by 8 prea*+1 ! second by its axiomatic tru?1 ! ?ird by _! v>i\s examples & precepts4 #c ,?is qualifi$ =m ref]s1 ( c\rse1 to laym5 :o only pr(ess to keep five precepts2 a ,bhikkhu mu/ obs]ve /rict celibacy4 ,s1 also1 mu/ ! laic :o b9ds himself to obs]ve eight ( ! :ole t5 ,precepts = specifi$ p]iods2 dur+ ^! p]iods he mu/ be celibate4 ,! five ,precepts 7 laid d[n by ,buddha = all p4 ,?\gh "o may n be a ,buddhi/1 yet ! five & eight ,precepts may pr(itably bo obs]v$ by all4 ,x is ! tak+ ( ! ,?ree ,refuges t con/itutes "o a ,buddhi/4 #d ,k>ma is def9$ z ! sum total ( a man's actions4 ,! law ( ,cause & ,effect is call$ ! ,patice a ,samuppada ,dhamma4 ,9 ! ,angutt>a ,nikaya ! ,buddha tea*es t my action is my possession1 my action is my inh]itance1 my action is ! womb :i* be>s me1 my action is my relative1 my action is my refuge4 #e ,aft] ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ edition1 ,i receiv$ f "o ( ! able/ ,pali s*ol>s ( ,ceylon1 ! late ,l4 ,corneille ,wijes9ha1 ,esq41 ,mudali> ( ,matale1 :at seems a bett] r5d]+ ( ,dhammacakka-ppavattana ?an ! "o previ\sly giv52 he makes x ,! ,e/abli%m5t ( ! ,reign ( ,law4 ,pr(essor ,rhys-,davids pref]s1 ,! ,f\ndation ( ! ,k+dom ( ,righte\sness4 ,mr4 ,wijes9ha writes me3 ,y may use ',k+dom ( ,righte\sness1' too1 b x sav\rs m ( dogmatic !ology ?an ( philosophic e?ics4 ,dhammacakkappavattana suttum is ! disc\rse entitl$ ',! ,e/abli%m5t ( ! ,reign ( ,law'4 ,hav+ %[n ?is to ! ,high ,prie/1 ,i am happy to be able to say t he ass5ts to ,mr4 ,wijes9ha's r5d]+4 #f ,! mix+ ( ^! arts & practices ) ,buddhism is a sign ( det]ioration4 ,_! facts & ph5om5a are real & capable ( sci5tific explanation4 ,!y are embrac$ 9 ! t]m magic1 b :5 resort$ to1 = selfi% purposes1 attract bad influ5ces ab\t "o1 & imp$e spiritual advancem5t4 ,:5 employ$ = h>mless & b5efic5t purposes1 su* z heal+ ! sick1 sav+ life1 etc41 ! ,buddha p]mitt$ _! use4 #g ,a ,buddhi/ ascetic :o1 by a prescrib$ c\rse ( practice1 has atta9$ to a sup]ior /ate ( spiritual & intellectual developm5t4 ,arhats may be divid$ into ! two g5]al gr\ps ( ! ,sama?ayanika & ,sukkha ,vipassaka4 ,! =m] h de/roy$ _! passions1 & fully develop$ _! intellectual capacity or my/ical insight2 ! latt] h equally conqu]$ passion1 b n acquir$ ! sup]ior m5tal p[]s4 ,! =m] c "w ph5om5a1 ! latt] _c4 ,! ,arhat ( ! =m] class1 :5 fully develop$1 is no long] a prey to ! delusions ( ! s5ses1 nor ! slave ( passion or mortal frailty4 ,he p5etrates to ! root ( :atsoev] subject 8 m9d is appli$ to )\t foll[+ ! sl[ processes ( reason+4 ,8 self-conque/ is complete2 & 9 place ( ! emotion & desire :i* vex & en?ral ! ord9>y man1 he is lift$ up into a condition :i* is be/ express$ 9 ! t]m ,nirvanic4 ,!re is 9 ,ceylon a popul> misconception t ! atta9m5t ( ,arhat%ip is n[ impossible2 t ! ,buddha _h himself prophesi$ t ! p[] w\ld die out 9 "o mill5nium aft] 8 dea?4 ,?is rum\r--& ! simil> "o t is ev]y:]e he>d 9 ,india1 viz41 t ?is be+ ! d>k cycle ( ! ,kali ,yuga1 ! practice ( ,yoga ,vidya1 or sublime spiritual sci5ce1 is impossible--,i ascribe to ! +5uity ( ^? :o %\ld be z pure & 7to use a non-,buddhi/ic b v conv5i5t t]m7 psy*ically wise z 7 _! pr$ecessors1 b are n1 & :o !re=e seek an excuse6 ,! ,buddha taught q ! contr>y idea4 ,9 ! ,niga ,nikaya he said3 ,he>1 ,subbhadra6 ,! _w w nev] be )\t ,arhats if ! ascetics 7,bhikkhus7 9 my congregations well & truly keep my precepts4 7,imec*a ,subhaddabhikkhu samma vih>eiyum asunno loko ,arahantehiassa47 #h ,kolb1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,culture1 says3 ,x is ,buddhism we h to ?ank = ! sp>+ ( prison]s ( w>1 :o h]et(ore _h be5 sla92 also = ! discont9uance ( ! c>ry+ away into captivity ( ! inhabitants ( conqu]$ l&s4 #i ,! fif? ,sila has ref]5ce to ! m]e tak+ ( intoxicants & /upefy+ drugs1 :i* leads ultimately to drunk5ness4 #aj ,! s\l "h criticis$ is ! equival5t ( ! ,greek psu*e4 ,! ^w mat]ial cov]s o!r /ates ( matt] ?an t ( ! physical body4 #aa ,^u reflection1 ,i h sub/itut$ p]sonality = individuality z writt5 9 ! fir/ edition4 ,! successive appe>ances ^u "o or _m e>?s1 or desc5ts into g5]ation1 ( ! tanhaically-coh]5t p>ts 7,sk&has7 ( a c]ta9 be+ are a succession ( p]sonalities4 ,9 ea* bir? ! p]sonality diff]s f t ( ! previ\s1 or next succe$+ bir?4 ,k>ma ! deus ex ma*9a1 masks 7or %all we say reflects87 itself1 n[ 9 ! p]sonality ( a sage1 aga9 z an artisan1 & s on ?r\gh\t ! /r+ ( bir?s4 ,b ?\gh p]sonalities ev] %ift1 ! "o l9e ( life along :i* !y are /rung l beads1 runs unbrok51 x is ev] t p>ticul> l9e1 nev] any o!r4 ,x is !re=e individual--an individual vital undulation--:i* is c>e]+ ?r\gh ! objective side ( ,nature1 "u ! impulse ( ,k>ma & ! creative direction ( ,tanha & p]si/s ?r\gh _m cyclic *anges4 ,pr(essor ,rhys-,davids calls t :i* passes f p]sonality to p]sonality along ! individual *a91 "* or do+4 ,s9ce "* is n a m]e metaphysical ab/raction1 b ! sum ( "o's m5tal qualities & moral prop5sities1 w\ld x n help to dispel :at ,pr(essor ,rhys-,davids calls ! desp]ate exp$i5t ( a my/]y 7,buddhism1 p4 #aja71 if we reg>d$ ! life-undulation z individuality & ea* ( its s]ies ( natal manife/ations z a sep>ate p]sonality8 ,we mu/ h two words to di/+ui% betwe5 ! concepts1 & ,i f9d none s cle> & expressive z ! two ,i h *os54 ,! p]fect$ individual1 ,buddhi/ically speak+1 is a ,buddha1 ,i %\ld say2 = a ,buddha is b ! r>e fl[] ( humanity1 )\t ! lea/ sup]natural admixture4 ,&1 z c\ntless g5]ations--f\r asankhyyas & a hundr$ ?\s& cycles 7,fausboll & ,rhys-,david's ,buddhi/ ,bir? ,/ories1 ,no4 #ac7--;are requir$ to develop a man into a ,buddha1 & ! iron w to become "o runs ?r\gh\t all ! successive bir?s1 :at %all we call t :i* ?us wills & p]sev]es8 ,"*1 or individuality8 ,an individuality1 b p>tly manife/$ 9 any "o bir?1 built up ( fragm5ts f all ! bir?s4 ,! d5ial ( ,s\l by ,buddha 7see ,sanyutta ,nikaya1 ! ,sutta ,pitaka7 po9ts to ! preval5t delusive belief 9 an indep5d5t p]sonality2 an entity1 :i* aft] "o bir? w\ld g to a fix$ place or /ate :]e1 z a p]fect entity1 x c\ld et]nally enjoy or suff]4 ,& :at he %[s is t ! ,i am ,i consci\sness is1 z reg>ds p]man5cy1 logically impossible1 s9ce its elem5t>y con/itu5ts con/antly *ange & ! ,i ( "o bir? diff]s f ! ,i ( e o!r bir?4 ,b ev]y?+ t ,i h f\nd 9 ,buddhism accords ) ! !ory ( a gradual evolution ( ! p]fect$ man--viz41 a ,buddha--?r\gh numb]less natal exp]i5ces4 ,& 9 ! consci\sness ( t individual :o1 at ! end ( a giv5 *a9 ( bir?s1 atta9s ,buddhahood1 or :o succe$s 9 atta9+ ! f\r? /age ( ,dhyana1 or my/ic self-developm5t1 9 any ( 8 bir?s ant]ior to ! f9al "o1 ! sc5es ( all ^! s]ial bir?s are p]ceptible4 ,9 ! ,jatakat-?avannana--s well translat$ by ,pr(essor ,rhys-,davids--an expression cont9ually recurs :i*1 ,i ?9k1 r supports su* an idea1 viz43 ,!n ! ,bless$ ,"o made manife/ an occurr5ce hidd5 by *ange ( bir?1 or t :i* _h be5 hidd5 by1 etc4 ,e>ly ,buddhism !n cle>ly held to a p]man5cy ( records 9 ! ,aka%a1 & ! pot5tial capacity ( man to read ! same :5 he has evolv$ to ! /age ( true individual enlight5m5t4 ,at dea?1 & 9 convulsions & trance1 ! javana *itta is transf]r$ to ! object la/ creat$ by ! desires4 ,! w to live br+s all ?\ghts into objectivity4 #ab ,! /ud5t may pr(itably consult ,s*op5hau] 9 ?is connection4 ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau]1 a mod]n ,g]man philosoph] ( ! mo/ em95t ability1 taught t ! ,pr9ciple or ,radical1 ( ,nature1 & ( all h] objects1 ! human body includ$1 is1 intr9sically :at we ourselves are ! mo/ consci\s ( 9 our own body1 viz41 ,w4 ,intellect is a second>y capacity ( ! prim>y w1 a function ( ! bra9 9 :i* ?is w reflects itself z ,nature & object & body1 z 9 a mirror444 ,intellect is second>y1 b may lead1 9 sa9ts1 to a complete r5unciation ( w1 z f> z x urges life & is !n ext+ui%$ 9 ,nirvana 7,l4 ,a4 ,s&]s 9 ,! ,!osophi/ = ,may #ahhb1 p4 #bac74 #ac ,physiologically speak+1 man's body is completely *ang$ e sev5 ye>s4 #ad ,?is fundam5tal or basic pr9ciple may be designat$ 9 ,pali1 ,nidana--*a9 ( causation or1 lit]ally1 ,orig9ation ( dep5d5ce4 ,twelve ,nidanas are specifi$1 viz43 ,avijja--ignorance ( ! tru? ( natural religion2 ,samkh>a--causal action1 k>ma2 ,viana--consci\sness ( p]sonality1 ! ,i am ,i2 ,nama rupa--"n & =m2 ,salayatana--six s5ses2 ,phassa--contact1 ,v$ana--feel+1 ,tanha--desire = enjoym5t2 ,upadana--cl++1 ,bhava--individualis+ exi/5ce2 ,jati--bir?1 ca/e2 ,j>a1 n>ana1 sokap>idesa1 dukkha1 domanassa1 upayasa--decay1 dea?1 grief1 lam5tation1 despair4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,sangha #bef4 ,q4 ,h[ d ,buddhi/ ,bhikkhus diff] f ! prie/s ( o!r religions8 ,a4 ,9 o!r religions ! prie/s claim to be int]cessors betwe5 m5 & ,god1 to help to obta9 p>don ( s9s2 ! ,buddhi/ ,bhikkhus d n ackn[l$ge or expect any?+ f a div9e p[]4 #beg4 ,q4 ,b :y !n 0 x wor? :ile to create ?is ,ord]1 or ,bro!rhood1 or ,society1 ap>t f ! :ole body ( ! p1 if !y 7 n to d :at o!r religi\s ord]s d8 ,a4 ,! object 9 view 0 to cause ! mo/ virtu\s1 intellig5t1 unselfi% & spiritually-m9d$ p]sons to )draw f ! social surr\nd+s :]e _! s5sual & o!r selfi% desires 7 naturally /r5g!n$1 devote _! lives to ! acquisition ( ! highe/ wisdom1 & fit !mselves to tea* & guide o!rs out ( ! pleasant pa? lead+ t[>ds mis]y1 into ! h>d] pa? t leads to true happ9ess & f9al lib]ation4 #beh4 ,q4 ,besides ! ,eight1 :at two additional obs]vances are obligatory ^u ! ,bhikkhus8 ,a4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f danc+1 s++ & unbecom+ %[s4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f receiv+ gold or silv]4 ,! :ole ,dasa1 or ,bhikkhu ,sila or ,t5 ,precepts1 are b9d+ on all ,bhikkhus & ,saman]as1 or novices1 b optional ) lay devotees4 ,! ,at?anga ,sila are = ^? :o aspire to high] /ages beyond ! heav5ly regions1#a aspirants aft] ,nirvana4 #bei4 ,q4 ,are !re sep>ate ,rules & ,precepts = ! guidance & discipl9e ( ! ,ord]8 ,a4 ,yes3 !re are #bej1 b all come "u ! foll[+ f\r heads3 ,pr9cipal ,discipl9>y ,rules ,patimokkha ,samv>a ,sila74 ,obs]vances = ! repression ( ! s5ses 7,indriya ,samv>a ,sila74 ,regulations = ju/ly procur+ & us+ food1 diet1 robes1 etc41 7,paccaya ,sannissita ,sila74 ,directions = lead+ an unblemi%$ life 7,ajivap>i ,suddha ,sila74 #bfj4 ,q4 ,enum]ate "s crimes & (f5ces t ,bhikkhus are p>ticul>ly prohibit$ f committ+8 ,a4 ,real ,bhikkhus ab/a9 f3 ,de/roy+ ! life ( be+s2 ,/eal+2 ,false exhibition ( occult p[]s to deceive anybody2 ,sexual int]c\rse2 ,falsehood2 ,! use ( intoxicat+ liquors1 & eat+ at unseasonable times2 ,danc+1 s++1 & unbecom+ %[s2 ,us+ g>l&s1 sc5ts1 p]fumes1 etc42 ,us+ high & broad b$s1 c\*es1 or seats2 receiv+ pres5ts ( gold1 silv]1 raw gra9 & meat1 wom51 & maid5s1 slaves1 cattle1 elephants1 etc42 ,defam+2 ,us+ h>% & reproa*ful language2 ,idle talk2 ,read+ & he>+ fabul\s /ories & tales2 ,c>ry+ messages to & f laym52 ,buy+ & sell+2 ,*eat+1 brib+1 deception1 & fraud2 ,imprison+1 plund]+1 & ?reat5+ o!rs2 ,! practice ( c]ta9 specifi$ magical arts & sci5ces1 su* z =tune-tell+1 a/rological pr$ictions1 palmi/ry1 & o!r sci5ces1 t g "u ! "n ( magic4 ,any ( ^! w\ld ret>d ! progress ( "o :o aim$ at ! atta9m5t ( ,nirvana4 #bfa4 ,q4 ,:at are ! duties ( ,bhikkhus to ! laity8 ,a4 ,g5]ally1 to set !m an example ( ! highe/ morality2 to tea* & in/ruct !m2 to prea* & exp\nd ! ,law2 to recite ! ,p>itta 7com=t+ texts7 to ! sick1 & publicly 9 times ( public calamity1 :5 reque/$ to d s2 & unceas+ly to exhort ! p to virtu\s actions4 ,!y %\ld dissuade !m f vice2 be compassionate & t5d]-he>t$1 & seek to promote ! welf>e ( all be+s4 #bfb4 ,q4 ,:at are ! rules = admission into ! ,ord]8 ,a4 ,! c&idate is n (t5 tak5 be=e 8 t5? ye>2 he mu/ h ! cons5t ( 8 p>5ts2 be free f leprosy1 boils1 consumption & fits2 be a free man2 h no debts2 & mu/ n be a crim9al or de=m$ or 9 ! royal s]vice4 #bfc4 ,q4 ,z a novice :at is he call$8 ,a4 ,saman]a1 a pupil4#b #bfd4 ,q4 ,at :at age c a ,saman]a be orda9$ z ,sramana--monk8 ,a4 ,n be=e 8 tw5tie? ye>4 #bfe4 ,q4 ,:5 ready = ord9ation :at happ5s8 ,a4 ,at a meet+ ( ,bhikkhus he is pres5t$ by a ,bhikkhu z 8 propos]1 :o reports t he is qualifi$1 & ! c&idate says3 ,i ask ! ,sangha1 ,rev]5d ,sirs1 = ! ,upasampada 7ord9ation7 c]emony1 etc4 ,8 introduc] !n recomm5ds t he be admitt$4 ,he is !n accept$4 #bff4 ,q4 ,:at !n8 ,a4 ,he puts on ! robes & repeats ! ,?ree ,refuges ,tis>ana7 & ,t5 ,precepts 7,dasa ,sila47 #bfg4 ,q4 ,:at are ! two ess5tials to be obs]v$8 ,a4 ,pov]ty & ,*a/ity4 ,a ,bhikkhu be=e ord9ation mu/ possess eight ?+s1 viz41 8 robes1 a girdle = 8 lo9s1 a begg+-b[l1 wat]-/ra9]1 razor1 ne$le1 fan1 s&als4 ,)9 limitations /rictly specifi$ 9 ! ,v9aya1 he may hold c]ta9 o!r prop]ties4 #bfh4 ,q4 ,:at ab\t ! public confession ( faults8 ,a4 ,once e =tnight1 a ,patimokka 7,disburd5m5t7 c]emony is p]=m$1 :5 e ,bhikkhu confesses to ! assembly su* faults z he has committ$ & takes su* p5ances z may be prescrib$4 #bfi4 ,q4 ,:at daily r\t9e mu/ he foll[8 ,a4 ,he rises be=e daylight1 wa%es1 sweeps ! vih>a1 sweeps ar\nd ! ,bo-tree t gr[s ne> e vih>a1 br+s ! dr9k+-wat] = ! day & filt]s x2 retires = m$itation1 (f]s fl[]s be=e ! dagoba1 or relic-m\nd1 or be=e ! ,bo-tree2 !n takes 8 begg+-b[l & goes f h\se to h\se collect+ food--:i* he mu/ n ask =1 b receive 9 8 b[l z giv5 volunt>ily by ! h\sehold]s4 ,he returns1 ba!s 8 feet & eats1 aft] :i* he resumes m$itation4 #bgj4 ,q4 ,mu/ we believe t !re is no m]it 9 ! (f]+ ( fl[]s 7mala puja7 z an act ( wor%ip8 ,a4 ,t act itself is )\t m]it z a m]e =mality2 b if "o (f]s a fl[] z ! sweete/1 pure/ expression ( he>tfelt rev]5ce = a holy be+1 !n1 inde$1 is ! (f]+ an act ( ennobl+ wor%ip4 #bga4 ,q4 ,:at next does ! ,bhikkhu d8 ,a4 ,he pursues 8 /udies4 ,at sunset he aga9 sweeps ! sacr$ places1 lights a lamp1 li/5s to ! in/ructions ( 8 sup]ior1 & confesses to him any fault he may h committ$4 #bgb4 ,q4 ,^u :at are 8 f\r e>ne/ m$itations 7,sati-pat?ana7 made8 ,a4 #a4 ,on ! body1 ,kayanapassana4 #b4 ,on ! feel+1 ,v$ananupassana4 #c4 ,on ! m9d1 ,*ittannpassana4 #d4 ,on ! doctr9e1 ,dhammanupassana4 #bgc4 ,q4 ,:at is ! aim ( ! f\r ,great ,ef=ts 7,sammappadhana78 ,a4 ,to suppress "o's animal desires & gr[ 9 goodness4 #bgd4 ,q4 ,= ! p]ception by ! ,bhikkhu ( ! highe/ tru?1 is reason said to be ! be/1 or intuition8 ,a4 ,intuition--a m5tal /ate 9 :i* any desir$ tru? is in/antane\sly grasp$4 #bge4 ,q4 ,& :5 c t developm5t be rea*$8 ,a4 ,:5 "o1 by ! practice ( ,jana1 comes to its f\r? /age ( unfold+4 #bgf4 ,q4 ,are we to believe t 9 ! f9al /age ( ,jana1 & 9 ! condition call$ ,samadhi1 ! m9d is a blank & ?\ght is arre/$8 ,a4 ,q ! contr>y4 ,x is !n t "o's consci\sness is mo/ int5sely active1 & "o's p[] to ga9 k correspond+ly va/4 #bgg4 ,q4 ,try to give me a simile8 ,a4 ,9 ! ord9>y wak+ /ate "o's view ( k is z limit$ z ! sight ( a man :o walks on a road betwe5 high hills2 9 ! high] consci\sness ( ,jana & ,samadhi x is l ! sight ( ! eagle pois$ 9 ! upp] sky & ov]look+ a :ole c\ntry4 #bgh4 ,q4 ,:at d our books say ab\t ! ,buddha's use ( ?is faculty8 ,a4 ,!y tell u t x 0 8 cu/om1 e morn+1 to glance ov] ! _w &1 by 8 div9e 7clairvoyant7 sight1 see :]e !re 7 p]sons ready to receive ! tru?4 ,he w\ld !n contrive1 if possible1 t x %\ld rea* !m4 ,:5 p]sons visit$ him he w\ld look into _! m9ds1 read _! secret motives1 & !n prea* to !m accord+ to _! ne$s4 #a ,! ,upasaka & ,upasika obs]ve ^! on ! ,buddhi/ ,uposa?a 7,sabba?7 days 79 ,skr4 ,upavasata74 ,!y are ! #h?1 #ad? & #ae? days ( ea* half lun> mon?4 #b ,! relation%ip to 8 ,guru1 or tea*]1 is almo/ l t ( godson to godfa!r among ,*ri/ians1 only m real1 = ! tea*] becomes fa!r1 "m1 family & all to him4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,spread ,,( ,,buddhism #bgi4 ,q4 ,z reg>ds ! numb] its foll[]s1 h[ does ,buddhism at ?is date comp>e ) ! o!r *ief religions8 ,a4 ,! foll[]s ( ! ,buddha ,dh>ma outnumb] ^? ( e o!r religion4 #bhj4 ,q4 ,:at is ! e/imat$ numb]8 ,a4 ,ab\t five hundr$ millions 7#e1jjj lakhs or #ejj crores73 ?is is five-?irte5?s1 or n q half1 ( ! e/imat$ population ( ! globe4 #bha4 ,q4 ,h _m great battles be5 f\ght & _m c\ntries conqu]$2 has mu* human blood be5 spilt to spread ! ,buddha ,dh>ma8 ,a4 ,hi/ory does n record "o ( ^? cruelties & crimes z hav+ be5 committ$ to propagate our religion4 ,s f> z we "k1 x has n caus$ ! spill+ ( a drop ( blood4 7,see footnote ante--,pr(essor ,kolb's te/imony47 #bhb4 ,q4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! secret ( its wond]ful spread8 ,a4 ,x c be no?+ else ?an its intr9sic excell5ce3 its self-evid5t basis ( tru?1 its sublime moral tea*+1 & its suffici5cy = all human ne$s4 #bhc4 ,q4 ,h[ has x be5 propagat$8 ,a4 ,! ,buddha1 dur+ ! =ty-five ye>s ( 8 life z a ,tea*]1 travell$ widely 9 ,india & prea*$ ! ,dh>ma4 ,he s5t 8 wise/ & be/ disciples to d ! same ?r\gh\t ,india4 #bhd4 ,q4 ,:5 did ,he s5d = 8 pione] mission>ies8 ,a4 ,on ! full-moon day ( ! mon? ,wap 7,octob]74 #bhe4 ,q4 ,:at did he tell !m8 ,a4 ,he call$ !m toge!r & said3 ,g =?1 ,bhikkhus1 g & prea* ! law to ! _w4 ,"w = ! good ( o!rs z well z = y\r own4444 ,be> ye ! glad tid+s to e man4 ,let no two ( y take ! same way4 #bhf4 ,q4 ,h[ long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era did ?is happ58 ,a4 ,ab\t six c5turies4 #bhg4 ,q4 ,:at help did ,k+s give8 ,a4 ,besides ! l[] classes1 great ,k+s1 ,rajas & ,mah>ajas 7 conv]t$ & gave _! influ5ce to spread ! religion4 #bhh4 ,q4 ,:at ab\t pilgrims8 ,a4 ,le>n$ pilgrims came 9 diff]5t c5turies to ,india & c>ri$ back ) !m books & tea*+s to _! native l&s4 ,s1 gradually1 :ole nations =sook _! own fai?s & became ,buddhi/s4 #bhi4 ,q4 ,to :om1 m ?an to any o!r p]son1 is ! _w indebt$ = ! p]man5t e/abli%m5t ( ,buddha's religion8 ,a4 ,to ! ,emp]or ,a%oka1 surnam$ ! ,great1 sometimes ,piyadasi1 sometimes ,dh>ma%oka4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,b9dus>a1 ,k+ ( ,magadha1 arid gr&son ( ,*&ragupta1 :o drove ! ,greeks out ( ,india4 #bij4 ,q4 ,:5 did he reign8 ,a4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c41 ab\t two c5turies aft] ! ,buddha's "t4 ,hi/orians disagree z to 8 exact date1 b n v greatly4 #bia4 ,q4 ,:at made him great8 ,a4 ,he 0 ! mo/ p[]ful mon>* 9 ,indian hi/ory1 z w>rior & z /atesman2 b 8 noble/ *>act]i/ics 7 8 love ( tru? & ju/ice1 tol]ance ( religi\s diff]5ces1 equity ( gov]nm5t1 k9dness to ! sick1 to ! poor1 & to animals4 ,8 "n is rev]$ f ,sib]ia to ,ceylon4 #bib4 ,q4 ,0 he born a ,buddhi/8 ,a4 ,no1 he 0 conv]t$ 9 ! t5? ye> aft] 8 ano9tm5t z ,k+1 by ,nigrodha ,saman]a1 an ,arhat4 #bic4 ,q4 ,:at did he d = ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,he drove out bad ,bhikkhus1 enc\rag$ good ones1 built mona/]ies & dagobas ev]y:]e1 e/abli%$ g>d5s1 op5$ hospitals = m5 & animals1 conv5$ a c\ncil at ,patna to revise & re-e/abli% ! ,dh>ma1 promot$ female religi\s education1 & s5t embassies to five ,greek k+s1 8 allies1 & to all ! sov]eigns ( ,india1 to prea* ! doctr9es ( ! ,buddha4 ,x 0 he :o built ! monum5ts at ,kapilava/u1 ,buddha ,gaya1 ,isipatana & ,kus9>a1 our f\r *ief places ( pilgrimage1 besides ?\s&s m4 #bid4 ,q4 ,:at absolute pro(s exi/ z to 8 noble "*8 ,a4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s !re h be5 discov]$1 9 all p>ts ( ,india1 f\rte5 ,edicts ( 81 inscrib$ on liv+ rocks1 & eight on pill>s erect$ by 8 ord]s4 ,!y fully prove him to h be5 "o ( ! wise/ & mo/ high-m9d$ sov]eigns :o ev] liv$4 #bi4e4 ,q4 ,:at "* d ^! inscriptions give to ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,!y %[ x to be a religion ( noble tol]ance1 ( univ]sal bro!rhood1 ( righte\sness & ju/ice4 ,x has no ta9t ( selfi%ness1 sect>ianism or intol]ance4 ,!y h done m ?an any?+ else to w9 = x ! respect 9 :i* x is n[ held by ! great p&its ( we/]n c\ntries4 #bif4 ,q4 ,:at mo/ preci\s gift did ,dh>ma%oka make to ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,he gave 8 belov$ son1 ,mah9da1 & daught]1 ,sanghamitta1 to ! ,ord]1 & s5t !m to ,ceylon to introduce ! religion4 #big4 ,q4 ,is ?is fact record$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,ceylon8 ,a4 ,yes1 x is all record$ 9 ! ,mahavansa1 by ! keep]s ( ! royal records1 :o 7 !n liv+ & saw ! mission>ies4 #bih4 ,q4 ,is !re "s pro( ( ,sanghamitta's mission /ill visible8 ,a4 ,yes2 %e br\ght ) h] to ,ceylon a bran* ( ! v ,bodhi tree "u :i* ! ,buddha sat :5 he became ,enlight5$1 & x is /ill gr[+4 #bii4 ,q4 ,:]e8 ,a4 ,at ,annradhapura4 ,! hi/ory ( x has be5 (ficially pres]v$ to ! pres5t "t4 ,plant$ 9 #cjf ,b4,c41 x is ! olde/ hi/orical tree 9 ! _w4 #cjj4 ,q4 ,:o 0 ! reign+ sov]eign at t "t8 ,a4 ,devanampiyatissa4 ,8 consort1 ,que5 ,anula1 _h invit$ ,sanghamitta to come & e/abli% ! ,bhikkhuni bran* ( ! ,ord]4 #cja4 ,q4 ,:o came ) ,sanghamitta8 ,a4 ,_m o!r ,bhikkhunis4 ,%e1 9 due "t1 admitt$ ! ,que5 & _m ( h] ladies1 toge!r ) five hundr$ virg9s1 into ! ,ord]4 #cjb4 ,q4 ,c we trace ! effects ( ! =eign "w ( ! ,emp]or ,a%oka's mission>ies8 ,a4 ,8 son & daught] introduc$ ,buddhism into ,ceylon3 8 monks gave x to ! :ole ( ,nor!rn ,india1 to f\rte5 ,indian nations outside its b\nd>ies1 & to five ,greek k+s1 8 allies1 ) :om he made treaties to admit 8 religi\s prea*]s4 #cjc4 ,q4 ,c y "n !m8 ,a4 ,,antio*us ( ,syria1 ,,ptolemy ( ,egypt1 ,,antigonus ( ,mac$on1 ,,m>gas ( ,cyr5e1 & ,,alex&] ( ,epiros4 #cjd4 ,q4 ,:]e d we le>n ?is8 ,a4 ,f ! ,edicts !mselves ( ,a%oka ! ,great1 inscrib$ by him on rocks & /one pill>s1 :i* are /ill /&+ & c be se5 by ev]ybody :o *ooses to visit ! places4 #cje4 ,q4 ,?r\gh :at we/]n religi\s bro!rhoods did ! ,buddha ,dh>ma m+le itself ) we/]n ?\ght8 ,a4 ,?r\gh ! sects ( ! ,!rapeuts ( ,egypt & ! ,ess5es ( ,pale/9e4 #cjf4 ,q4 ,:5 7 ,buddhi/ books fir/ introduc$ into ,*9a8 ,a4 ,z e>ly z ! second or ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 ,five ( ,dh>ma%oka's monks are said--9 ! ,samanta ,pasadika & ! ,s>at?a ,dipani--two ,pali books--to h be5 s5t to ! five divisions ( ,*9a4 #cjg4 ,q4 ,:5ce & :5 did x rea* ,korea8 ,a4 ,f ,*9a1 9 ! ye> ,a4 ,d4 #cgb4 #cjh4 ,q4 ,:5ce & :5 did x rea* ,japan8 ,a4 ,f ,korea1 9 ,a4 ,d4 #eeb4 #cji4 ,q4 ,:5ce & :5 did x rea* ,co*9 ,*9a1 ,=mosa1 ,java1 ,mongolia1 ,york&1 ,balk1 ,bokh>a1 ,afghani/an & o!r ,c5tral ,asian c\ntries8 ,a4 ,app>5tly 9 ! f\r? & fif? c5turies ,a4,d4 #caj4 ,q4 ,f ,ceylon1 :i!r & :5 did x spread8 ,a4 ,to ,burma1 9 ,a4,d4 #dej1 & !nce gradually into ,arakan1 ,kamboya & ,pegu4 ,9 ! sev5? c5tury 7,a4,d4 #fch7 x spread to ,siam1 :]e x is n[1 z x has be5 always s9ce !n1 ! ,/ate religion4 #caa4 ,q4 ,f ,ka%mir1 :]e else did x spread besides to ,*9a8 ,a4 ,to ,nepal & ,tibet4 #cab4 ,q4 ,:y is x t ,buddhism1 :i* 0 once ! prevail+ religion ?r\gh\t ,india1 is n[ almo/ ext9ct !re8 ,a4 ,buddhism 0 at fir/ pure & noble1 ! v tea*+ ( ! ,ta?agata2 its ,sangha 7 virtu\s & obs]v$ ! ,precepts2 x won all he>ts & spread joy ?r\gh _m nations1 z ! morn+ light s5ds life ?r\gh ! fl[]s4 ,b aft] "s c5turies1 bad ,bhikkhus got ord9ation 7,upasampada7 ! ,sangha became ri*1 lazy1 & s5sual1 ! ,dh>ma 0 corrupt$1 & ! ,indian nation ab&on$ x4 #cac4 ,q4 ,did any?+ happ5 ab\t ! n9? or t5? c5tury ,a4,d4 to ha/5 its d[nfall8 ,a4 ,yes4 #cad4 ,q4 ,any?+ besides ! decay ( spirituality1 ! corruption ( ! ,sangha1 & ! reaction ( ! populace f a high] ideal ( man to un9tellig5t idolatry8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,x is said t ! ,mussalmans invad$1 ov]ran & conqu]$ l>ge areas ( ,india2 ev]y:]e do+ _! utmo/ to /amp out our religion4 #cae4 ,q4 ,:at cruel acts are !y *>g$ ) do+8 ,a4 ,!y burnt1 pull$ d[n or o!rwise de/roy$ our vih>as1 slaught]$ our ,bhikkhus1 & consum$ ) fire our religi\s books4 #caf4 ,q4 ,0 our lit]ature completely de/roy$ 9 ,india8 ,a4 ,no4 ,_m ,bhikkhus fl$ across ! bord]s into ,tibet & o!r safe places ( refuge1 c>ry+ _! books ) !m4 #cag4 ,q4 ,h any traces ( ^! books be5 rec5tly discov]$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,rai ,bhadur ,s>at ,*&ra ,das1 ,c4,i4,e41 a not$ ,b5gali p&it1 saw hundr$s ( !m 9 ! vih>a libr>ies ( ,tibet1 br\ght copies ( "s ( ! mo/ important back ) him1 & is n[ employ$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india 9 edit+ & publi%+ !m4 #cah4 ,q4 ,9 :i* c\ntry h we reason to believe ! sacr$ books ( primitive ,buddhism h be5 be/ pres]v$ & lea/ corrupt$8 ,a4 ,ceylon4 ,! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica says t 9 ?is isl& ,buddhism has1 = specifi$ reasons1 reta9$ almo/ its pri/9e purity to mod]n times4 #cai4 ,q4 ,has any revision ( ! text ( ! ,pitakas be5 made 9 mod]n times8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,a c>eful revision ( ! ,v9aya ,pitaka 0 made 9 ,ceylon 9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #ahge1 by a conv5tion ( ! mo/ le>n$ ,bhikkhus1 "u ! presid5cy ( ,h4 ,sumangala1 ,pradhana ,/havira4 #cbj4 ,q4 ,has !re be5 any fri5dly int]c\rse 9 ! int]e/ ( ,buddhism betwe5 ! peoples ( ! ,s\!rn & ^? ( ! ,nor!rn ,buddhi/ c\ntries8 ,a4 ,9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #ahia1 a successful attempt 0 made to get ! ,pradhana ,nayakas ( ! two great divisions to agree to accept f\rte5 propositions z embody+ fundam5tal ,buddhi/ic beliefs recognis$ & taught by bo? divisions4 ,^! propositions1 draft$ by ,colonel ,olcott1 7 c>efully translat$ into ,burmese1 ,s9halese & ,japanese1 discuss$ "o by "o1 unanim\sly adopt$ & sign$ by ! *ief monks1 & publi%$ 9 ,janu>y #ahib4 #cba4 ,q4 ,) :at good result8 ,a4 ,z ! result ( ! good und]/&+ n[ exi/+1 a numb] ( ,japanese bhikkhus & saman]as h be5 s5t to ,ceylon & ,india to /udy ,pali & ,samskrt4 #cbb4 ,q4 ,are !re signs t ! ,buddha ,dh>ma is gr[+ 9 fav\r 9 non-,buddhi/ic c\ntries8#a ,a4 ,!re are4 ,translations ( our m valuable books are appe>+1 _m articles 9 reviews1 magaz9es & newspap]s are be+ publi%$1 & excell5t orig9al treatises by di/+ui%$ writ]s are com+ f ! press4 ,moreov]1 ,buddhi/ & non-,buddhi/ lectur]s are publicly disc\rs+ on ,buddhism to l>ge audi5ces 9 we/]n c\ntries4 ,! ,%9 ,%u sect ( ,japanese ,buddhi/s h actually op5$ missions at ,honolulu1 ,san ,francisco1 ,sacram5to & o!r ,am]ican places4 #cbc4 ,q4 ,:at two lead+ ideas ( ours are *iefly tak+ hold ^u ! we/]n m9d8 ,a4 ,^? ( ,k>ma & ,re9c>nation4 ,! rapidity ( _! acceptance is v surpris+4 #cbd4 ,q4 ,:at is believ$ to be ! explanation ( ?is8 ,a4 ,_! appeals to ! natural in/9ct ( ju/ice1 & _! evid5t reasonabl5ess4 #a ,see ,app5dix4 ,,"p ,v ,,buddhism ,,& ,,sci5ce #cbe4 ,q4 ,has ,buddhism any "r to be consid]$ a sci5tific religion1 or may x be classifi$ z a reveal$ "o8 ,a4 ,mo/ emphatically x is n a reveal$ religion4 ,! ,buddha did n s prea*1 nor is x s und]/ood4 ,on ! contr>y1 he gave x out z ! /atem5t ( et]nal tru?s1 :i* 8 pr$ecessors _h taught l himself4 #cbf4 ,q4 ,repeat aga9 ! "n ( ! ,sutta1 9 :i* ! ,buddha tells u n to believe 9 an alleg$ revelation )\t te/+ x by "o's reason & exp]i5ce8 ,a4 ,! ,kalama ,sutta1 ( ! ,angu?>a ,nikaya4 #cbg4 ,q4 ,d ,buddhi/s accept ! !ory t ev]y?+ has be5 =m$ out ( no?+ by a ,creator8 ,a4 ,! ,buddha taught t two ?+s are causeless1 viz41 ,aka%a1 & ,nirvana4 ,ev]y?+ has come ont ( ,aka%a1 9 ob$i5ce to a law ( motion inh]5t 9 x1 &1 aft] a c]ta9 exi/5ce1 passes away4 ,no?+ ev] came out ( no?+4 ,we d n believe 9 miracles2 h5ce we d5y creation1 & _c conceive ( a creation ( some?+ out ( no?+4 ,no?+ organic is et]nal4 ,ev]y?+ is 9 a /ate ( con/ant flux1 & und]go+ *ange & re=mation1 keep+ up ! cont9uity accord+ to ! law ( evolution4 #cbh4 ,q4 ,is ,buddhism oppos$ to education1 & to ! /udy ( sci5ce8 ,a4 ,q ! contr>y3 9 ! ,sigal[ada ,sutta 9 a disc\rse prea*$ by ! ,buddha1 ,he specifi$ z "o ( ! duties ( a tea*] t he %\ld give 8 pupils in/ruction 9 sci5ce & lore4 ,! ,buddha's high] tea*+s are = ! enlight5$1 ! wise1 & ! ?\ghtful4 #cbi4 ,q4 ,c y %[ any fur!r endorsem5t ( ,buddhism by sci5ce8 ,a4 ,! ,buddha's doctr9e tea*es t !re 7 _m prog5itors ( ! human race2 also t !re is a pr9ciple ( diff]5tiation among m52 c]ta9 individuals h a great] capacity = ! rapid atta9m5t ( ,wisdom & arrival at ,nirvana ?an o!rs4 #ccj4 ,q4 ,any o!r8 ,a4 ,buddhism supports ! tea*+ ( ! inde/ructibility ( =ce4 #cca4 ,q4 ,%\ld ,buddhism be call$ a *>t ( sci5ce or a code ( morals8 ,a4 ,prop]ly speak+1 a pure moral philosophy1 a sy/em ( e?ics & transc5d5tal metaphysics4 ,x is s em95tly practical t ! ,buddha kept sil5t :5 ,malunka ask$ ab\t ! orig9 ( ?+s4 #ccb4 ,q4 ,:y did he d t8 ,a4 ,because he ?\ght t our *ief aim %\ld be to see ?+s z !y exi/ ar\nd u & try to make !m bett]1 n to wa/e "t 9 intellectual speculations4 #ccc4 ,q4 ,:at d ,buddhi/s say is ! reason = ! occasional bir? ( v good & wise *ildr5 ( bad p>5ts1 & t ( v bad ones ( good p>5ts8 ,a4 ,x is because ( ! respective ,k>mas ( *ildr5 & p>5ts2 ea* may h des]v$ t su* unusual relation%ips %\ld be =m$ 9 ! pres5t bir?4 #ccd4 ,q4 ,is any?+ said ab\t ! body ( ! ,buddha giv+ out a bright light8 ,a4 ,yes1 !re 0 a div9e radiance s5t =? f )9 by ! p[] ( 8 hol9ess4 #cce4 ,q4 ,:at is x call$ 9 ,pali8 ,a4 ,buddh>ansi1 ! ,buddha rays4 #ccf4 ,q4 ,h[ _m col\rs c\ld be se5 9 x8 ,a4 ,six1 l9k$ 9 pairs4 #ccg4 ,q4 ,_! names8 ,a4 ,nila1 ,pita1 ,lohita1 ,avadata1 ,manga/a1 ,prabhasvra4 #cch4 ,q4 ,did o!r p]sons emit su* %9+ light8 ,a4 ,yes1 all ,arhats did &1 9 fact1 ! light %9es /rong] & bright] 9 proportion to ! spiritual developm5t ( ! p]son4 #cci4 ,q4 ,:]e d we see ^! col\rs repres5t$8 ,a4 ,9 all vih>as :]e !re are pa9t$ images ( ! ,buddha4 ,!y are also se5 9 ! /ripes ( ! ,buddhi/ ,flag1 fir/ made 9 ,ceylon b n[ widely adopt$ ?r\gh\t ,buddhi/ c\ntries4 #cdj4 ,q4 ,9 :i* disc\rse does ! ,buddha himself speak ( ?is %9+ ab\t him8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,maha-,p>9ibbana ,sutta1 ,an&a 8 fav\rite disciple1 notic+ ! great spl5d\r :i* came f 8 ,ma/]'s body1 ! ,buddha said t on two occasions ?is extraord9>y %9+ occurs1 7a7 j aft] a ,ta?agata ga9s ! supreme insight1 & 7b7 on ! night :5 he passes f9ally away4 #cda4 ,q4 ,:]e d we read ( ?is great brightness be+ emitt$ f ! body ( ano!r ,buddha8 ,a4 ,9 ! /ory ( ,sum$ha & ,dipank>a ,buddha1 f\nd 9 ! ,nidanaka?a ( ! ,jataka book1 or /ory ( ! re9c>nations ( ! ,bodhisattva ,siddh>?a ,gautama4 #cdb4 ,q4 ,h[ is x describ$8 ,a4 ,z a halo ( a fa?om's dep?4 #cdc4 ,q4 ,:at d ! ,h9dus call x8 ,a4 ,tejas2 its ext5d$ radiance !y call ,praka%a4 #cdd4 ,q4 ,:at d ,europeans call x n[8 ,a4 ,! human aura4 #cde4 ,q4 ,:at great sci5ti/ has prov$ ! exi/5ce ( ?is aura by c>efully conduct$ exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,! ,b>on ,von ,rei*5ba*4 ,8 exp]im5ts are fully describ$ 9 8 ,rese>*es1 publi%$ 9 #ahdd-e4 ,dr4 ,b>aduc1 ( ,p>is1 has1 q rec5tly1 photograph$ ?is light4 #cdf4 ,q4 ,is ?is bright aura a miracle or a natural ph5om5on8 ,a4 ,natural4 ,x has be5 prov$ t n only all human be+s b animals1 trees1 plants & ev5 /ones h x4 #cdg4 ,q4 ,:at peculi>ity has x 9 ! case ( a ,buddha or an ,arhat8 ,a4 ,x is imm5sely bright] & m ext5d$ ?an 9 cases ( o!r be+s & objects4 ,x is ! evid5ce ( _! sup]ior developm5t 9 ! p[] ( ,iddhi4 ,! light has be5 se5 com+ f dagobas 9 ,ceylon :]e relics ( ! ,buddha are said to be en%r9$4 #cdh4 ,q4 ,d p ( o!r religions besides ,buddhism & ,h9duism also believe 9 ?is light8 ,a4 ,yes1 9 all pictures ( ,*ri/ian arti/s ?is light is repres5t$ z %9+ ab\t ! bodies ( _! holy p]sonages4 ,! same belief is f\nd to h exi/$ 9 o!r religions4 #cdi4 ,q4 ,:at hi/orical incid5t supports ! mod]n !ory ( hypnotic sugge/ion8 ,a4 ,t ( ,*ullapan?aka1 z told 9 ! ,pali ,comm5t>y on ! ,dhammapada1 etc4 #cej4 ,q4 ,give me ! facts4 ,a4 ,he 0 a bhikkhu :o became an ,arhat4 ,on t v day ! ,buddha s5t a mess5g] to call him4 ,:5 ! man rea*$ ! ,vih>a1 he saw ?ree hundr$ bhikkhus 9 "o gr\p1 ea* exactly l ! o!rs 9 e respect4 ,on 8 ask+ :i* 0 ,*ullapan?aka1 e "o ( ! ?ree hundr$ figures repli$3 ,i am ,*ullapan?aka4 #cea4 ,q4 ,:at did ! mess5g] d8 ,a4 ,9 8 confusion he return$ & report$ to ! ,buddha4 #ceb4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,buddha !n tell him8 ,a4 ,to return to ! vih>a &1 if ! same ?+ happ5$1 to cat* by ! arm ! fir/ figure :o said he 0 ,*ullapan?aka & lead him to him4 ,! ,buddha knew t ! new ,arhat w\ld make ?is display ( 8 acquir$ p[] to impress illusion>y pictures ( himself ^u ! mess5g]4 #cec4 ,q4 ,:at is ?is p[] ( illusion call$ 9 ,pali8 ,a4 ,manomaya ,iddhi4 #ced4 ,q4 ,7 ! illusion>y copies ( ! ,arhat's p]son mat]ial8 ,7 !y compos$ ( sub/ance & c\ld !y h be5 felt & h&l$ by ! mess5g]8 ,a4 ,no2 !y 7 pictures impress$ by 8 ?\ght & tra9$ w-p[] ^u ! mess5g]'s m9d4 #cee4 ,q4 ,to :at w\ld y comp>e !m8 ,a4 ,to a man's reflection 9 a mirror1 be+ exactly l him yet )\t solidity4 #cef4 ,q4 ,to make su* an illusion on ! mess5g]'s m9d1 :at 0 necess>y8 ,a4 ,t ,*ullapan?aka %\ld cle>ly conceive 9 8 own m9d 8 exact appe>ance1 & !n impress t1 ) z _m duplicates or repetitions z he *ose1 ^u ! s5sitive bra9 ( ! mess5g]4 #ceg4 ,q4 ,:at is ?is process n[ call$8 ,a4 ,hypnotic sugge/ion4 #ceh4 ,q4 ,c\ld any ?ird p>ty h also se5 ^! illusion>y figures8 ,a4 ,t w\ld dep5d on ! w ( ! ,arhat or hypnotis]4 #cei4 ,q4 ,:at d y mean8 ,a4 ,suppos+ t fifty or five hundr$ p]sons 7 !re1 in/ead ( "o1 ! ,arhat c\ld w t ! illusion %\ld be se5 by all alike2 or1 if he *ose1 he c\ld w t ! mess5g] %\ld be ! only "o to see !m4 #cfj4 ,q4 ,is ?is bran* ( sci5ce well kn[n 9 our day8 ,a4 ,v well kn[n2 x is famili> to all /ud5ts ( mesm]ism & hypnotism4 #cfa4 ,q4 ,9 :at does our mod]n sci5tific belief support ! !ory ( ,k>ma1 z taught 9 ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,mod]n sci5ti/s tea* t e g5]ation ( m5 is heir to ! consequ5ces ( ! virtues & ! vices ( ! prec$+ g5]ation1 n 9 ! mass1 z su*1 b 9 e individual case4 ,e "o ( u1 accord+ to ,buddhism1 gets a bir? :i* repres5ts ! causes g5]at$ by him 9 an antec$5t bir?4 ,?is is ! idea ( ,k>ma4 #cfb4 ,q4 ,:at say ! ,vaset?a ,sutta ab\t ! causation 9 ,nature8 ,a4 ,x says3 ,! _w exi/s by cause2 all ?+s exi/ by cause1 all be+s are b\nd by cause4 #cfc4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism tea* ! un*angeabl5ess ( ! visible univ]se2 our e>?1 ! sun1 ! moon1 ! />s1 ! m9]al1 vegetable1 animal & human k+doms8 ,a4 ,no4 ,x tea*es t all are con/antly *ang+1 & all mu/ disappe> 9 c\rse ( "t4 #cfd4 ,q4 ,nev] to reappe>8 ,a4 ,n s3 ! pr9ciple ( evolution1 guid$ by ,k>ma1 individual & collective1 w evolve ano!r univ]se ) its cont5ts1 z our univ]se 0 evolv$ out ( ! ,aka%a4 #cfe4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism admit t man has 9 8 nature any lat5t p[]s = ! production ( ph5om5a commonly call$ miracles8 ,a4 ,yes2 b !y are natural1 n sup]natural4 ,!y may be develop$ by a c]ta9 sy/em :i* is laid d[n 9 our sacr$ books1 ! ,visuddhi ,m>ga = in/ance4 #cff4 ,q4 ,:at is ?is bran* ( sci5ce call$8 ,a4 ,! ,pali "n is ,iddhi-vidhanana4 #cfg4 ,q4 ,h[ _m k9ds are !re8 ,a4 ,two3 ,bahira1 i4e41 "o 9 :i* ! ph5om5a-work+ p[] may be tempor>ily obta9$ by ascetic practices & also by resort to drugs1 ! recitation ( mantras 7*>ms71 or o!r extrane\s aids2 & ,sasaniks1 t 9 :i* ! p[] 9 "q is acquir$ by int]ior self-developm5t1 & cov]s all & m ?an ! ph5om5a ( ,laukika ,iddhi4 #cfh4 ,q4 ,:at class ( m5 enjoy ^! p[]s8 ,a4 ,!y gradually develop 9 "o :i* pursues a c]ta9 c\rse ( ascetic practice call$ ,dhyana4 #cfi4 ,q4 ,c ?is ,iddhi p[] be lo/8#a ,a4 ,! ,bahira c be lo/1 b ! ,sasanika nev]1 :5 once acquir$4 ,lokott>a k once obta9$ is nev] lo/1 & x is by ?is k only t ! absolute condition ( ,nirvana is kn[n by ! ,arhat4 ,& ?is k c be got by foll[+ ! noble life ( ! ,eightfold ,pa?4 #cgj4 ,q4 ,_h ,buddha ! ,lokott>a ,iddhi8 ,a4 ,yes1 9 p]fection4 #cga4 ,q4 ,& 8 disciples also _h x8 ,a4 ,yes1 "s b n all equally2 ! capacity = acquir+ ^! occult p[]s v>ies ) ! individual4 #cgb4 ,q4 ,give examples8 ,a4 ,( all ! disciples ( ! ,buddha1 ,mogallana 0 possess$ ( ! mo/ extraord9>y p[]s = mak+ ph5om5a1 :ile ,an&a c\ld develop none dur+ ! tw5ty-five ye>s 9 :i* he 0 ! p]sonal & intimate disciple ( ! ,buddha himself4 ,lat] he did1 z ! ,buddha _h =etold he w\ld4 #cgc4 ,q4 ,does a man acquire ^! p[]s sudd5ly or gradually8 ,a4 ,normally1 !y gradually develop !mselves z ! disciple progressively ga9s control ov] 8 l[] nature 9 a s]ies ( bir?s4#b #cgd4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism pret5d t ! miracle ( rais+ ^? :o are dead is possible8 ,a4 ,no4 ,! ,buddha tea*es ! contr>y1 9 t beautiful /ory ( ,kisa ,gotami & ! mu/>d-se$4 ,b :5 a p]son only seems to be dead b is n actually s1 resuscitation is possible4 #cge4 ,q4 ,give me an idea ( ^! successive /ages ( ! ,lokott>a developm5t 9 ,iddhi8 ,a4 ,!re are six degrees atta9able by ,arhats2 :at is high] ?an !m is to be rea*$ only by a ,buddha4 #cgf4 ,q4 ,describe ! six /ages or degrees8 ,a4 ,we may divide !m into two gr\ps1 ( ?ree ea*4 ,! fir/ to include 7#a7 ,progressive retrospection1 viz41 a gradually acquir$ p[] to look backw>d 9 "t t[>ds ! orig9 ( ?+s2 7#b7 ,progressive =esight1 or p[] ( prophecy2 7#c7 ,gradual ext9ction ( desires & atta*m5ts to mat]ial ?+s4 #cgg4 ,q4 ,:at w\ld ! second gr\p include8 ,a4 ,! same faculties1 b inimitably develop$4 ,?us1 ! full ,arhat possesses p]fect retrospection1 p]fect =esight1 & has absolutely ext+ui%$ ! la/ trace ( desire & selfi% attractions4 #cgh4 ,q4 ,:at are ! f\r means = obta9+ ,iddhi8 ,a4 ,! w1 its ex]tion1 m5tal developm5t1 & discrim9ation betwe5 "r & wrong4 #cgi4 ,q4 ,our ,scriptures relate hundr$s ( in/ances ( ph5om5a produc$ by ,arhats3 :at did y say 0 ! "n ( ?is faculty or p[]8 ,a4 ,iddhi vidha4 ,"o possess+ ?is c1 by manipulat+ ! =ces ( ,nature1 produce any wond]ful ph5om5on1 i4e41 make any sci5tific exp]im5t he *ooses4 #chj4 ,q4 ,did ! ,buddha enc\rage displays ( ph5om5a8 ,a4 ,no2 he expressly disc\rag$ !m z t5d+ to create confusion 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o 7 n acqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples involv$4 ,!y also tempt _! possessors to %[ !m m]ely to gratify idle curiosity & _! own vanity4 ,moreov]1 simil> ph5om5a c be %[n by magicians & sorc]]s le>n$ 9 ! ,laukika1 or ! bas] =m ( ,iddhi sci5ce4 ,all false pret5sions to sup]natural atta9m5t by monks are among ! unp>donable s9s 7,tevijja ,sutta74 #cha4 ,q4 ,y spoke ( a deva hav+ appe>$ to ! ,pr9ce ,siddh>?a "u a v>iety ( =ms2 :at d ,buddhi/s believe respect+ races ( elem5tal invisible be+s hav+ relations ) mank9d8 ,a4 ,!y believe t !re are su* be+s :o inhabit worlds or sph]es ( _! own4 ,! ,buddhi/ doctr9e is t1 by int]ior self-developm5t & conque/ ov] 8 bas] nature1 ! ,arhat becomes sup]ior to ev5 ! mo/ =midable ( ! devas1 & may subject & control ! l[] ord]s4 #chb4 ,q4 ,h[ _m k9ds ( devas are !re8 ,a4 ,?ree3 ,kamava*>a 7^? :o are /ill "u ! dom9ation ( ! passions72 ,rupava*>a 7a high] class1 :i* /ill reta9 an individual =m73 ,arapava*>a 7! highe/ 9 degree ( purification1 :o are devoid ( mat]ial =ms74 #chc4 ,q4 ,%\ld we fe> any ( !m8 ,a4 ,he :o is pure & compassionate 9 he>t & ( a c\rage\s m9d ne$ fe> no?+3 no man1 god1 brahm>akkhas1 demon or deva1 c injure him1 b "s h p[] to torm5t ! impure1 z well z ^? :o invite _! approa*4 #a ,sumangala ,/havira expla9s to me t ^? transc5d5t p[]s are p]man5tly possess$ only by "o :o has subdu$ all ! passions 7,klesa71 9 o!r words1 an ,arhat4 ,! p[]s may be develop$ by a bad man & us$ = do+ evil ?+s1 b _! activity is b brief1 ! rebelli\s passions aga9 dom9ate ! sorc]]1 & he becomes at la/ _! victim4 #b ,:5 ! p[]s sudd5ly %[ !mselves1 ! inf]5ce is t ! individual _h develop$ himself 9 ! next ant]ior bir?4 ,we d n believe 9 ecc5tric breaks 9 natural law4 ,,app5dix ,! foll[+ text ( ! f\rte5 items ( belief :i* h be5 accept$ z fundam5tal pr9ciples 9 bo? ! ,s\!rn & ,nor!rn sections ( ,buddhism1 by au?oritative committees to :om !y 7 submitt$ by me p]sonally1 h s mu* hi/orical importance t !y are add$ to ! pres5t edition ( ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,cate*ism z an ,app5dix4 ,x has v rec5tly be5 report$ to me by ,h4 ,e4 ,pr9ce ,ou*tomsky1 ! le>n$ ,russian ,ori5tali/1 t hav+ _h ! docum5t translat$ to !m1 ! ,*ief ,lamas ( ! great ,mongolian ,buddhi/ mona/]ies decl>$ to him t !y accept e "o ( ! propositions z draft$1 ) ! "o exception t ! date ( ! ,buddha is by !m believ$ to h be5 "s ?\s&s ( ye>s e>li] ?an ! "o giv5 by me4 ,?is surpris+ fact _h n hi!rto come to my k4 ,c x be t ! ,mongolian ,sangha confuse ! real epo* ( ,sakya ,muni ) t ( 8 alleg$ next pr$ecessor8 ,be ?is z x may1 x is a mo/ enc\rag+ fact t ! :ole ,buddhi/ic _w may n[ be said to h unit$ to ! ext5t at lea/ ( ^! ,f\rte5 ,propositions4 ,h4 ,s4 ,o4 ,,fundam5tal ,,buddhi/ic ,,beliefs ,i ,buddhi/s are taught to %[ ! same tol]ance1 =be>ance1 & bro!rly love to all m51 )\t di/9ction2 & an unsw]v+ k9dness t[>ds ! memb]s ( ! animal k+dom4 ,,ii ,! univ]se 0 evolv$1 n creat$2 & its functions accord+ to law1 n accord+ to ! caprice ( any ,god4 ,,iii ,! tru?s ^u :i* ,buddhism is f\nd$ are natural4 ,!y h1 we believe1 be5 taught 9 successive kalpas1 or _w-p]iods1 by c]ta9 illum9at$ be+s call$ ,,buddhas1 ! "n ,,buddha mean+ ,enlight5$4 ,,iv ,! f\r? ,tea*] 9 ! pres5t kalpa 0 ,sakya ,muni1 or ,gautama ,buddha1 :o 0 born 9 a ,royal family 9 ,india ab\t #b1ejj ye>s ago4 ,he is an hi/orical p]sonage & 8 "n 0 ,siddh>?a ,gautama4 ,v ,sakya ,muni taught t ignorance produces desire1 unsatisfi$ desire is ! cause ( rebir?1 & rebir?1 ! cause ( sorr[4 ,to get rid ( sorr[1 !re=e1 x is necess>y to escape rebir?2 to escape rebir?1 x is necess>y to ext+ui% desire2 & to ext+ui% desire1 x is necess>y to de/roy ignorance4 ,,vi ,ignorance fo/]s ! belief t rebir? is a necess>y ?+4 ,:5 ignorance is de/roy$ ! wor?lessness ( e su* rebir?1 consid]$ z an end 9 itself1 is p]ceiv$1 z well z ! p>am\nt ne$ ( adopt+ a c\rse ( life by :i* ! necessity = su* repeat$ rebir?s c be aboli%$4 ,ignorance also begets ! illusive & illogical idea t !re is only "o exi/5ce = man1 & ! o!r illusion t ?is "o life is foll[$ by /ates ( un*angeable pleasure or torm5t4 ,,vii ,! disp]sion ( all ?is ignorance c be atta9$ by ! p]sev]+ practice ( an all-embrac+ altruism 9 conduct1 developm5t ( intellig5ce1 wisdom 9 ?\ght1 & de/ruction ( desire = ! l[] p]sonal pleasures4 ,,viii ,! desire to live be+ ! cause ( rebir?1 :5 t is ext+ui%$ rebir?s cease & ! p]fect$ individual atta9s by m$itation t highe/ /ate ( peace call$ ,nirvana4 ,,ix ,sakya ,muni taught t ignorance c be dispell$ & sorr[ remov$ by ! k ( ! f\r ,noble ,tru?s1 viz43 #a4 ,! mis]ies ( exi/5ce2 #b4 ,! cause productive ( mis]y1 :i* is ! desire ev] r5ew$ ( satisfy+ oneself )\t be+ able ev] to secure t end2 #c4 ,! de/ruction ( t desire1 or ! e/rang+ ( oneself f x2 #d4 ,! means ( obta9+ ?is de/ruction ( desire4 ,! means :i* he po9t$ out is call$ ! ,noble ,eightfold ,pa?1 viz43 ,"r ,belief2 ,"r ,?\ght2 ,"r ,spee*2 ,"r ,action2 ,"r ,means ( ,livelihood2 ,"r ,ex]tion2 ,"r ,remembrance2 ,"r ,m$itation4 ,x ,"r ,m$itation leads to spiritual enlight5m5t1 or ! developm5t ( t ,buddha-l faculty :i* is lat5t 9 e man4 ,,xi ,! ess5ce ( ,buddhism1 z summ$ up by ! ,ta?aga?a 7,buddha7 himself1 z3 ,to cease f all s91 ,to get virtue1 ,to purify ! he>t4 ,,xii ,! univ]se is subject to a natural causation kn[n z ,k>ma4 ,! m]its & dem]its ( a be+ 9 pa/ exi/5ces det]m9e 8 condition 9 ! pres5t "o4 ,ea* man1 !re=e1 has prep>$ ! causes ( ! effects :i* he n[ exp]i5ces4 ,,xiii ,! ob/acles to ! atta9m5t ( good k>ma may be remov$ by ! obs]vance ( ! foll[+ precepts1 :i* are embrac$ 9 ! moral code ( ,buddhism1 viz43 7#a7 ,kill n2 7#b7 ,/eal n2 7#c7 ,indulge 9 no =bidd5 sexual pleasure2 7#d7 ,lie n2 7#e7 ,take no intoxication or /upefy+ drug or liquor4 ,five o!r precepts :i* ne$ n be "h enum]at$ %\ld be obs]v$ by ^? :o w\ld atta91 m quickly ?an ! av]age layman1 ! release f mis]y & rebir?4 ,,xiv ,buddhism disc\rages sup]/iti\s cr$ulity4 ,gautama ,buddha taught x to be ! duty ( a p>5t to h 8 *ild educat$ 9 sci5ce & lit]ature4 ,he also taught t no "o %\ld believe :at is spok5 by any sage1 writt5 9 any book1 or affirm$ by tradition1 unless x accord ) reason4 ,draft$ z a common plat=m ^u :i* all ,buddhi/s c agree4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,olcott1 ,p4,t4,s4 ,respectfully submitt$ = ! approval ( ! ,high ,prie/s ( ! nations :i* we sev]ally repres5t1 9 ! ,buddhi/ ,conf]5ce held at ,ady>1 ,madras1 on ! #h?1 #i?1 #aj?1 #aa?1 & #ab? ( ,janu>y1 #ahia 7,a4,b4 #bdcd74 ,japan 4 4 4 4 4 7 ,koz5 ,gun>atana 7 ,*iezo ,tokuzawa ,burmah 4 4 4 4 4 ,u4 ,hmoay ,?a ,aung ,ceylon 4 4 4 4 4 ,dhammapala ,hevavit>ana4 ,! ,maghs ( ,*ittagong 4 4 4 ,kr%na ,*&ra ,*[dry1 by 8 appo9t$ ,proxy1 ,maung ,?a ,dwe4 ,,burmah ,approv$ on behalf ( ! ,buddhi/s ( ,burmah1 ?is #crd day ( ,febru>y1 #ahia 7,a4 ,b4 #bdcd73 ,?a-?a-na-ba+ ,saydawgyi2 ,aung ,myi ,%webon ,sayadaw2 ,me-ga-waddy ,sayadaw2 ,hmat-,khaya ,sayadaw2 ,hti-l9 ,sayadaw2 ,myadaung ,sayadaw2 ,hla-,htwe ,sayadaw2 & sixte5 o!rs4 ,,ceylon ,approv$ on behalf ( ! ,buddhi/s ( ,ceylon ?is #be? day ( ,febru>y1 #ahia 7,a4,b4 #bdcd72 ,mahannw>a upawsa?a pusp>ama vih>adhipati ,hippola ,dhamma ,rakkhita ,sobhitabhidhana ,maha ,nayaka ,/havirayan wahanse wamha4 7,hippola ,dhamma ,rakkhita ,sabhitabhidhana1 ,high ,prie/ ( ! ,malwatta ,vih>e at ,k&y74 7,sd47 ,,hippola4 ,mahanuw>a ,asgiri vih>adhipati ,yatawatte ,*&ajottyabhidhana ,maha ,nayaka ,/havirayan wahanse wamha--7,yatawatte ,*&ajottyabhidhana1 ,high ,prie/ ( ,asgiri ,tih>e at ,k&y74 7,sd47 ,,yatawatte ,hikkaduwe ,sri ,sumangala ,sripada/hane saha ,kolamba palate pradhana ,nayaka ,/havirayo 7,hikkaduwe ,sri ,sumangala1 ,high ,prie/ ( ,adam's ,peak & ! ,di/rict ( ,colombo74 7,sd47 ,h4 ,,sumangala ,maligawe ,pra*9a ,pu/akalayadhyak%aka ,suriyagoda ,sonutt>a ,/havirayo 7,suriyagoda ,sonutt>a1 ,libr>ian ( ! ,ori5tal ,libr>y at ! ,temple ( ! ,too? ,relic at ,k&y74 7,sd47 ,s4 ,,sonutt>a ,sugata ,sasanadhaja ,v9aya *>iya ,dhammalank>abhidhana ,nayaka ,/havira4 7,sd47 ,w4 ,,dhammalank>a ,paw>a n]uttika *>iya ,maha ,vibhavi ,subhuti ( ,waskaduwa4 7,sd47 ,w4 ,,subhuti ,,japan ,accept$ z includ$ )9 ! body ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism4 ,%aku ,g5yu 7,%+on ,%u7 ,fukuda ,ni*iyo 7,ni*ir5 7 ,sanada ,seyko 7,z5 7 ,ito ,quan ,%yu 7 7 ,takehana ,hakuyo 7,jodo 7 ,kono ,rio%9 7,ji-,%u 7 ,kiro ,ki-ko 7,jodo ,seizan 7 ,h>utani ,%9%o 7,t5dai 7 ,manabe ,%un-myo 7,%+on 7 ,,*ittagong ,accept$ = ! ,buddhi/s ( ,*ittagong4 ,nagawa ,p>vata ,viha>adhipati ,guna ,megu ,w9i-,lank>a1 ,h>b+1 ,*ittagong1 ,b5gal4 ,,bibliography ,! ,buddhi/ ,cate*ism has be5 compil$ f p]sonal /udies 9 ,ceylon1 & 9 "p f ! foll[+ works3 ,v9aya ,texts 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,davids & ,old5b]g4 ,buddhi/ ,lit]ature 9 ,*9a 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,beal4 ,cat5a ( ,buddhi/ ,scriptures 4 4 4 4 4 ,d4 ,buddhaghosa's ,p>ables 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,rog]s4 ,buddhi/ ,bir? ,/ories 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,fausboll & ,davids4 ,leg5d ( ,gautama 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,big&et4 ,*9ese ,buddhism 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,edk9s4 ,kalpa ,sutra & ,nava ,patva 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,/ev5son4 ,buddha & ,e>ly ,buddhism 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,lillie4 ,sutta ,nipata 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,sir ,coom>a ,swami4 ,nagan&a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,broyd4 ,kusa ,jataka 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,/eele4 ,buddhism 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,rhys-,davids4 ,dhammapada 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,fausboll & ,max ,mll]4 ,romantic ,hi/ory ( ,buddha 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,beal4 ,udanav>ga 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,rockhill4 ,twelve ,japanese ,buddhi/ ,sects 4 4 4 4 4 ,b4 ,nanjio4 ,! ,gospel ( ,buddha 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,paul ,c>us4 ,! ,dh>ma 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,d4 ,anci5t ,india 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,r4 ,c4 ,dutt4 ,! ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/ ,s]ies 4 ,max ,mll]'s ,edition4 ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica ,pr9t$ by ,annie ,besant ,vasanta ,press ,ady> ,madras 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,note3 ! v]sion ( ?is book t foll[s conta9s _m macron-iz$ *>act]s1 v[els ) a horizontal b> above !m4 ,! macron indicates t ! v[el is pron\nc$ long1 e4g4 a-macron is pron\nc$ z 9 way4 ,s9ce ^! *>act]s are ,unicode1 !y _c be display$ 9 a ,lat9#a_/;,,iso-#hhei file4 ,!y h be5 indicat$ z 9 ! l9e bel[4 ,9 ! ,,utf#h v]sion ( ?is file1 ! actual *>act]s h be5 us$4 ,! ,,html file uses entities to display ! *>act]s4 ,namo ,tassa ,bhagavato ,arahato ,samma ,sambuddhassa ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,cate*ism ,,by ,,h5ry ,s4 ,,olcott ,,presid5t-,,f\nd] ,,( ,,! ,,!osophical ,,society ,approv$ & recomm5d$ = use 9 ,buddhi/ s*ools by ,h4 ,sumangala1 ,pradhana ,nayaka ,/havira1 ,high ,prie/ ( ,sripada & ! ,we/]n ,prov9ce & ,pr9cipal ( ! ,vidyodaya ,p>iv5a ,,=ty-,,f\r? ,,edition4 7,correct$7 ,!osophical ,publi%+ ,h\se1 ,ady>1 ,madras ,,london ,,& ,,b5>es3 ,,!osophical ,,publi%+ ,,society #aiae ,,d$ication ,9 tok5 ( respect & affection ,i d$icate to my c\nsellor & fri5d ( _m ye>s1 ,hikkaduwe ,sumangala1 ,pradhana ,nayaka ,/havira & ,high ,prie/ ( ,adam's ,peak 7,sripada7 & ! ,we/]n ,prov9ce1 ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,cate*ism1 9 its revis$ =m4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,olcott ,ady>1 #aijc4 ,,cont5ts ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,buddha ,,! ,,dh>ma ,,or ,,doctr9e ,,! ,,sangha ,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,spread ,,( ,,buddhism ,,buddhism ,,& ,,sci5ce ,,app5dix--,! ,f\rte5 ,propositions accept$ by ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,buddhi/s z a ,plat=m ( ,unity ,,c]tificate ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition ,,vidyodaya ,,college1 ,colombo1 #g? ,july1 #ahha4 ,i h]eby c]tify t ,i h c>efully exam9$ ! ,s9halese v]sion ( ! ,cate*ism prep>$ by ,colonel ,h4 ,s4 ,olcott1 & t ! same is 9 agreem5t ) ! ,canon ( ! ,s\!rn ,buddhi/ ,*ur*4 ,i recomm5d ! "w to tea*]s 9 ,buddhi/ s*ools1 mid to all o!rs :o may wi% to imp>t in=mation to beg9n]s ab\t ! ess5tial features ( our religion4 ,h4 ,,sumangala1 ,high ,prie/ ( ,sripada & ,galle1 & ,pr9cipal ( ! ,vidyodaya ,p>iv5a4 ,,vidyodaya ,,college1 ,april #g1 #ahig4 ,i h gone ov] ! ?irty-?ird 7,engli%7 edition ( ! ,cate*ism1 ) ! help ( int]pret]s1 & confirm my recomm5dation = its use 9 ,buddhi/ s*ools4 ,h4 ,,sumangala4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,?irty-,,?ird ,,edition ,9 ! work+ out ( my orig9al plan1 ,i h add$ m que/ions & answ]s 9 ! text ( ea* new ,engli% edition ( ! ,cate*ism1 leav+ x to its translators to r5d] !m into :i*ev] ( ! o!r v]nacul>s !y may be work+ 94 ,! unpret5d+ aim 9 view is to give s succ9ct & yet compreh5sive a dige/ ( ,buddhi/ic hi/ory1 e?ics & philosophy z to enable beg9n]s to und]/& & appreciate ! noble ideal taught by ! ,buddha1 & ?us make x easi] = !m to foll[ out ! ,dh>ma 9 its details4 ,9 ! pres5t edition a great _m new que/ions & answ]s h be5 introduc$1 :ile ! matt] has be5 gr\p$ )9 five categories1 viz43 7#a7 ,! ,life ( ! ,buddha2 7#b7 ! ,doctr9e2 7#c7 ! ,sangha1 or mona/ic ord]2 7#d7 a brief hi/ory ( ,buddhism1 its ,c\ncils & propag&a2 7#e7 "s reconciliation ( ,buddhism ) sci5ce4 ,?is1 x is believ$1 w l>gely increase ! value ( ! little book1 & make x ev5 m suitable = use 9 ,buddhi/ s*ools1 ( :i*1 9 ,ceylon1 ov] "o hundr$ h already be5 op5$ by ! ,s9halese p "u ! g5]al sup]vision ( ! ,!osophical ,society4 ,9 prep>+ ?is edition ,i h receiv$ valuable help f "s ( my olde/ & be/ qualifi$ ,s9halese colleagues4 ,! orig9al edition 0 gone ov] ) me ^w by ^w1 by t em95t s*ol> & bhikkhu1 ,h4 ,sumangala1 ,pradhana ,nayaka1 & ! ,assi/ant ,pr9cipal ( 8 ,pali ,college at ,colombo1 ,hyeyantuduve ,anunayaka ,t]unnanse2 & ! ,high ,prie/ has also k9dly scrut9is$ ! pres5t revision & giv5 me invaluable po9ts to embody4 ,x has ! m]it1 !re=e1 ( be+ a fair pres5tation ( ! ,buddhism ( ! ,s\!rn ,*ur*1 *iefly d]iv$ f fir/-h& s\rces4 ,! ,cate*ism has be5 publi%$ 9 tw5ty languages1 ma9ly by ,buddhi/s1 = ,buddhi/s4 ,h4 ,s4 ,o4 ,,ady>1 #ag? ,may1 #ahig4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,?irty-,,six? ,,edition ,! popul>ity ( ?is little "w seems undim9i%$1 edition aft] edition be+ call$ =4 ,:ile ! pres5t "o 0 9 ! press a second ,g]man edition1 re-translat$ by ! le>n$ ,dr4 ,eri* ,bis*(f1 0 publi%$ at ,leipzig1 by ! ,grieb5s ,co41 & a ?ird translation into ,fr5*1 by my old fri5d & colleague1 ,comm&ant ,d4 ,a4 ,c\rmes1 0 be+ got ready at ,p>is4 ,a fre% v]sion 9 ,s9halese is also prep>+ at ,colombo4 ,x is v gratify+ to a decl>$ ,buddhi/ l myself to read :at s ripe a s*ol> z ,mr4 ,g4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mead1 au?or ( ,fragm5ts ( ( a ,fai? ,=gott51 ,pi/is ,sophia1 & _m o!r works on ,*ri/ian orig9s1 ?9ks ( ! value ( ! compilation4 ,he writes 9 ! ,!osophical ,review3 ,x has be5 translat$ into no less ?an tw5ty diff]5t languages1 & may be said )\t ! fa9te/ risk ( contradiction1 to h be5 ! busie/ in/rum5t ( ,buddhi/ propag&a = _m a day 9 ! annals ( t long somnol5t dh>ma4 ,! lea/ t le>n$ ,buddhi/s ( ,ceylon c d to repay ! debt ( gratitude !y owe to ,colonel ,olcott & o!r memb]s ( ! ,!osophical ,society :o h work$ = !m1 is to be/ir !mselves to ?r[ "s light on _! own orig9s & doctr9es4 ,i am afraid we %all h to wait long = ?is help to come f ! ,buddhi/ bhikkhus1 almo/ ! only le>n$ m5 ( ,ceylon2 at lea/ ,i h n be5 able dur+ an intimate int]c\rse ( tw5ty-two ye>s1 to ar\se _! zeal4 ,x has always seem$ to me incongru\s t an ,am]ican1 mak+ no claims at all to s*ol>%ip1 %\ld be look$ to by ! ,s9halese to help !m tea* ! dh>ma to _! *ildr52 & z ,i believe ,i h said 9 an e>li] edition1 ,i only cons5t$ to write ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,cate*ism aft] ,i _h f\nd t no bhikkhu w\ld und]take x4 ,:atev] its dem]its1 ,i c at lea/ say t ! "w conta9s ! ess5ce ( "s #ae1jjj pages ( ,buddhi/ tea*+ t ,i h read 9 connexion ) my "w4 ,h4 ,s4 ,o4 ,,ady>1 #g? ,febru>y1 #aijc4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,=tie? ,,edition ,! popul>ity ( ?is little "w is prov$ by ! con/ant dem& = new editions1 9 ,engli% & o!r languages4 ,9 look+ ov] ! matt] = ! pres5t edition1 ,i h f\nd v little to *ange or to add1 = ! "w seems to pres5t a v fair idea ( ! cont5ts ( ,s\!rn ,buddhism2 &1 z my object is nev] to write an ext5d$ essay on ! subject1 ,i resi/ ! temptation to w&] (f into amplifications ( details :i*1 h[ev] int]e/+ to ! /ud5t ( comp>ative religion1 are useless 9 a rational s*eme ( elem5t>y in/ruction4 ,! new ,s9halese v]sion 7#ch? edition7 :i* is be+ prep>$ by my respect$ fri5d1 ,d4 ,b4 ,jayatilaka1 ,pr9cipal ( ,an&a 7,buddhi/7 ,college1 ,colombo1 is p>tly pr9t$1 b _c be complet$ until he is reliev$ ( "s ( ! pressure ^u 8 "t4 ,! ,tamil v]sion 7#da/ edition7 has be5 und]tak5 by ! lead]s ( ! ,pa*ama community ( ,madras1 & w %ortly issue f ! press4 ,! ,spani% v]sion 7#ci? edition7 is 9 ! h&s ( my fri5d1 ,seor ,xifr1 & ! ,fr5* "o 7#cg? edition7 9 ^? ( ,comm&ant ,c\rmes4 ,s ! "w goes on1 & by ?is unpret5d+ ag5cy ! tea*+s ( ! ,buddha ,dh>ma are be+ c>ri$ ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,h4 ,s4 ,o4 ,,ady>1 #g? ,janu>y1 #aije4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,=ty-,,second ,,edition ,! writ] ( ?is ,cate*ism has pass$ away f e>?1 b1 be=e he left ! body1 he _h arrang$ ) ! ,high ,prie/ ,sumangala to make "s small corrections 9 ! text4 ,^! are incorporat$ 9 ! pres5t edition by ! ,high ,prie/'s wi%1 express$ to me 9 ,colombo1 9 ,novemb] #aijg4 ,i h n alt]$ ! numb]+ ( ! que/ions1 z x might cause confusion 9 a class to *ange ! numb]s1 if "s pupils _h ! old] editions & "s ! new4 ,,ady>1 7 #ag? ,febru>y1 #aijh4 7 ,,annie ,,besant ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,cate*ism ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,buddha #a4 ,"q4 ,( :at religion#a are y8 ,answ]4 ,! ,buddhi/4 #b4 ,q4 ,:at is ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,x is a body ( tea*+s giv5 out by ! great p]sonage kn[n z ! ,buddha4 #c4 ,q4 ,is ,buddhism ! be/ "n = ?is tea*+8 ,a4 ,no2 t is only a we/]n t]m3 ! be/ "n = x is ,bauddha ,dh>ma4 #d4 ,q4 ,w\ld y call a p]son a ,buddhi/ :o _h m]ely be5 born ( ,buddha p>5ts8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,a ,buddhi/ is "o :o n only pr(esses belief 9 ! ,buddha z ! noble/ ( ,tea*]s1 9 ! ,doctr9e prea*$ by ,him1 & 9 ! ,bro!rhood ( ,arhats1 b practises ,8 precepts 9 daily life4 #e4 ,q4 ,:at is a male lay ,buddhi/ call$8 ,a4 ,an ,upasaka4 #f4 ,q4 ,:at a female8 ,a4 ,an ,upasika4 #g4 ,q4 ,:5 0 ?is doctr9e fir/ prea*$8 ,a4 ,!re is "s disagreem5t z to ! actual date1 b accord+ to ! ,s9halese ,scriptures x 0 9 ! ye> #beac ( ! 7pres5t7 ,kali-,yuga4 #h4 ,q4 ,give ! important dates 9 ! la/ bir? ( ! ,f\nd]8 ,a4 ,he 0 born "u ! con/ellation ,visa on a ,tuesday 9 ,may1 9 ! ye> #bdgh 7,k4,y472 he retir$ to ! jungle 9 ! ye> #bejf2 became ,buddha 9 #beac2 &1 pass+ out ( ! r\nd ( rebir?s1 ent]$ ,p>anirvana 9 ! ye> #beeh1 ag$ eighty ye>s4 ,ea* ( ^! ev5ts happ5$ on a day ( full moon1 s all are conjo9tly celebrat$ 9 ! great fe/ival ( ! full-moon ( ! mon? ,wesak 7,vaisakha71 correspond+ to ! mon? ( ,may4 #i4 ,q4 ,0 ! ,buddha ,god8 ,a4 ,no4 ,buddha ,dh>ma tea*es no div9e inc>nation4 #aj4 ,q4 ,0 he a man8 ,a4 ,yes2 b ! wise/1 noble/ & mo/ holy be+1 :o _h develop$ himself 9 ! c\rse ( c\ntless bir?s f> beyond all o!r be+s1 ! previ\s ,,buddhas alone except$4 #aa4 ,q4 ,7 !re o!r ,buddhas be=e him8 ,a4 ,yes2 z w be expla9$ lat] on4 #ab4 ,q4 ,0 ,buddha 8 "n8 ,a4 ,no4 ,x is ! "n ( a condition or /ate ( m9d1 ( ! m9d aft] x has rea*$ ! culm9ation ( developm5t4 #ac4 ,q4 ,:at is its mean+8 ,a4 ,enlight5$2 or1 he :o has ! all-p]fect wisdom4 ,! ,pali phrase is ,sabbannu1 ! ,"o ( ,b\ndless ,k4 ,9 ,samskrt x is ,s>vaja4 #ad4 ,q4 ,:at 0 ! ,buddha's real "n !n8 ,a4 ,,siddh,a,,r?a 0 8 royal "n1 & ,,gautama1 or ,,gotama1 8 family "n4 ,he 0 ,pr9ce ( ,kapilava/u & belong$ to ! illu/ri\s family ( ! ,okkaka1 ( ! ,sol> race4 #ae4 ,q4 ,:o 7 8 fa!r & "m8 ,a4 ,k+ ,suddhodana & ,que5 ,maya1 call$ ,maha ,maya4 #af4 ,q4 ,:at p did ?is ,k+ reign ov]8 ,a4 ,! ,sakyas2 an ,aryan tribe ( ,k%attriyas4 #ag4 ,q4 ,:]e 0 ,kapilava/u8 ,a4 ,9 ,india1 "o hundr$ miles nor?-ea/ ( ! ,city ( ,b5>es1 & ab\t =ty miles f ! ,himalaya m\nta9s4 ,x is situat$ 9 ! ,nepal ,t]ai4 ,! city is n[ 9 ru9s4 #ah4 ,q4 ,on :at riv]8 ,a4 ,! ,rohini1 n[ call$ ! ,kohana4 #ai4 ,q4 ,tell me aga9 :5 ,pr9ce ,siddhar?a 0 born8 ,a4 ,six hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 #bj4 ,q4 ,is ! exact spot kn[n8 ,a4 ,x is n[ id5tifi$ beyond "q4 ,an ar*aeologi/ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india has discov]$ 9 ! jungle ( ! ,nepal ,t]ai a /one pill> erect$ by ! mighty ,buddhi/ sov]eign1 ,asoka1 to m>k ! v spot4 ,! place 0 kn[n 9 ^? times z ! ,lumb9i ,g>d54 #ba4 ,q4 ,_h ! ,pr9ce luxuries & spl5d\rs l o!r ,pr9ces8 ,a4 ,he _h2 8 fa!r1 ! ,k+1 built him ?ree magnific5t palaces--= ! ?ree ,indian seasons--! cold1 ! hot1 & ! ra9y--( n9e1 five1 & ?ree /ories respectively1 & h&somely decorat$4 #bb4 ,q4 ,h[ 7 !y situat$8 ,a4 ,ar\nd ea* palace 7 g>d5s ( ! mo/ beautiful & fragrant fl[]s1 ) f\nta9s ( sp\t+ wat]1 ! trees full ( s++ birds1 & peacocks /rutt+ ov] ! gr\nd4 #bc4 ,q4 ,0 he liv+ alone8 ,a4 ,no2 9 8 sixte5? ye> he 0 m>ri$ to ! ,pr9cess ,yasodh>a1 daught] ( ! ,k+ ,suprabuddha4 ,_m beautiful maid5s1 skill$ 9 danc+ & music1 7 also 9 cont9ual att5dance to amuse him4 #bd4 ,q4 ,h[ did he get 8 wife8 ,a4 ,9 ! anci5t ,k%attriya or w>rior fa%ion1 by ov]com+ all competitors 9 games & ex]cises ( skill & pr[ess1 & !n select+ ,yasodh>a out ( all ! "y pr9cesses1 ^: fa!rs _h br\ght !m to ! t\rnam5t or mela4 #be4 ,q4 ,h[1 amid all ?is luxury1 c\ld a ,pr9ce become all-wise8 ,a4 ,he _h su* natural wisdom t :5 b a *ild he seem$ to und]/& all arts & sci5ces almo/ )\t /udy4 ,he _h ! be/ tea*]s1 b !y c\ld tea* him no?+ t he did n seem to compreh5d imm$iately4 #bf4 ,q4 ,did he become ,buddha 9 8 spl5did palaces8 ,a4 ,no4 ,he left all & w5t alone into ! jungle4 #bg4 ,q4 ,:y did he d ?is8 ,a4 ,to discov] ! cause ( our suff]+s & ! way to escape f !m4 #bh4 ,q4 ,0 x n selfi%ness t made him d ?is8 ,a4 ,no2 x 0 b\ndless love = all be+s t made him devote himself to _! good4 #bi4 ,q4 ,b h[ did he acquire ?is b\ndless love8 ,a4 ,?r\gh\t numb]less bir?s & aeons ( ye>s he _h be5 cultivat+ ?is love1 ) ! unfalt]+ det]m9ation to become a ,buddha4 #cj4 ,q4 ,:at did he ?is "t rel9qui%8 ,a4 ,8 beautiful palaces1 8 ri*es1 luxuries & pleasures1 8 s(t b$s1 f9e dresses1 ri* food1 & 8 k+dom2 he ev5 left 8 belov$ wife & only son1 ,rahula4 #ca4 ,q4 ,did any o!r man ev] sacrifice s mu* = our sake8 ,a4 ,n "o 9 ?is pres5t _w-p]iod3 ?is is :y ,buddhi/s s love him1 & :y good ,buddhi/s try to be l him4 #cb4 ,q4 ,b h n _m m5 giv5 up all e>?ly bless+s1 & ev5 life itself1 = ! sake ( _! fell[-m58 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,b we believe t ?is surpass+ unselfi%ness & love = humanity %[$ !mselves 9 8 r5\nc+ ! bliss ( ,nirvana c\ntless ages ago1 :5 he 0 born z ! ,brahmana ,sum$ha1 9 ! "t ( ,dipank>a ,buddha3 he _h !n rea*$ ! /age :]e he might h ent]$ ,nirvana1 _h he n lov$ mank9d m ?an himself4 ,?is r5unciation impli$ 8 volunt>ily endur+ ! mis]ies ( e>?ly lives until he became ,buddha1 = ! sake ( tea*+ all be+s ! way to emancipation & to give re/ to ! _w4 #cc4 ,q4 ,h[ old 0 he :5 he w5t to ! jungle8 ,a4 ,he 0 9 8 tw5ty-n9? ye>4 #cd4 ,q4 ,:at f9ally det]m9$ him to leave all t m5 usually love s mu* & g to ! jungle8 ,a4 ,a ,deva#b appe>$ to him :5 driv+ out 9 8 *>iot1 "u f\r impressive =ms1 on f\r diff]5t occasions4 #ce4 ,q4 ,:at 7 ^! diff]5t =ms8 ,a4 ,^? ( a v old man brok5 d[n by age1 ( a sick man1 ( a decay+ corpse1 & ( a dignifi$ h]mit4 #cf4 ,q4 ,did he alone see ^!8 ,a4 ,no1 8 att5dant1 ,*anna1 also saw !m4 #cg4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld ^! sights1 s famili> to ev]ybody1 h caus$ him to g to ! jungle8 ,a4 ,we (t5 see su* sights3 he _h n se5 !m1 s !y made a deep impression on 8 m9d4 #ch4 ,q4 ,:y _h he n also se5 !m8 ,a4 ,! ,brahmana a/rolog]s _h =etold at 8 bir? t he w\ld "o day resign 8 k+dom &1 become a ,,buddha4 ,! ,k+1 8 fa!r1 n wi%+ to lose an heir to 8 k+dom1 _h c>efully prev5t$ 8 see+ any sights t might sugge/ to him human mis]y & dea?4 ,no "o 0 all[$ ev5 to speak ( su* ?+s to ! ,pr9ce4 ,he 0 almo/ l a prison] 9 8 lovely palaces & fl[] g>d5s4 ,!y 7 surr\nd$ by high walls1 & inside ev]y?+ 0 made z beautiful z possible1 s t he might n wi% to g & see ! sorr[ & di/ress t are 9 ! _w4 #ci4 ,q4 ,0 he s k9d-he>t$ t ! ,k+ fe>$ he might really wi% to leave ev]y?+ = ! _w's sake8 ,a4 ,yes2 he seems to h felt = all be+s s /rong a pity & love z t4 #dj4 ,q4 ,& h[ did he expect to le>n ! cause ( sorr[ 9 ! jungle8 ,a4 ,by remov+ f> away f all t c\ld prev5t 8 ?9k+ deeply ( ! causes ( sorr[ & ! nature ( man4 #da4 ,q4 ,h[ did he escape f ! palace8 ,a4 ,"o night1 :5 all 7 asleep1 he arose1 took a la/ look at 8 sleep+ wife & infant son2 call$ ,*anna1 m\nt$ 8 fav\rite :ite horse ,kan?aka1 & rode to ! palace gate4 ,! ,devas _h ?r[n a deep sleep ^u ! ,k+'s gu>d :o wat*$ ! gate1 s t !y c\ld n he> ! noise ( ! horse's ho(s4 #db4 ,q4 ,b ! gate 0 lock$1 0 x n8 ,a4 ,yes2 b ! ,devas caus$ x to op5 )\t ! slighte/ noise1 & he rode away into ! d>kness4 #dc4 ,q4 ,:i!r did he g8 ,a4 ,to ! riv] ,anoma1 a long way f ,kapilava/u4 #dd4 ,q4 ,:at did he !n d8 ,a4 ,he sprang f 8 horse1 cut (f 8 beautiful hair ) 8 sword1 put on ! yell[ dress ( an ascetic1 & giv+ 8 ornam5ts & horse to ,*anna1 ord]$ him to take !m back to 8 fa!r1 ! ,k+4 #de4 ,q4 ,:at !n8 ,a4 ,he w5t afoot t[>ds ,rajagrha1 ! capital city ( ,k+ ,bimbisara1 ( ,magadha4 #df4 ,q4 ,:o visit$ him !re8 ,a4 ,! ,k+ ) 8 :ole ,c\rt4#c #df;a4 ,q4 ,!nce :i!r did he g8 ,a4 ,to ,uruvela1 ne> ! pres5t ,mahabodhi ,temple at ,buddha ,gaya4 #dg4 ,q4 ,:y did he g !re8 ,a4 ,9 ! =e/s 7 h]mits--v wise m51 ^: pupil he aft]w>ds became1 9 ! hope ( f9d+ ! k ( :i* he 0 9 se>*4 #dh4 ,q4 ,( :at religion 7 !y8 ,a4 ,! ,h9du religion3 !y 7 ,brahmanas4#d #di4 ,q4 ,:at did !y tea*8 ,a4 ,t by sev]e p5ances & torture ( ! body a man may acquire p]fect wisdom4 #ej4 ,q4 ,did ! ,pr9ce f9d ?is to be s8 ,a4 ,no2 he le>n$ _! sy/ems & practis$ all _! p5ances1 b he c\ld n ?us discov] ! cause ( human sorr[ & ! way to absolute emancipation4 #ea4 ,q4 ,:at did he !n d8 ,a4 ,he w5t away into ! =e/ ne> ,uruvela1 & sp5t six ye>s 9 deep m$itation1 und]go+ ! sev]e/ discipl9e 9 mortify+ 8 body4 #eb4 ,q4 ,0 he alone8 ,a4 ,no2 five ,brahman companions att5d$ him4 #ec4 ,q4 ,:at 7 _! names8 ,a4 ,kondaa1 ,bhaddiya1 ,vappa1 ,mahanama1 & ,assaji4 #ed4 ,q4 ,:at plan ( discipl9e did he adopt to op5 8 m9d to "k ! :ole tru?8 ,a4 ,he sat & m$itat$1 conc5trat+ 8 m9d ^u ! high] problems ( life1 & %utt+ out f 8 sight & he>+ all t 0 likely to int]rupt 8 inw>d reflections4 #ee4 ,q4 ,did he fa/8 ,a4 ,yes1 ?r\gh ! :ole p]iod4 ,he took less & less food & wat] until1 x is said1 he ate sc>cely m ?an "o gra9 ( rice or ( sesamum se$ ea* day4 #ef4 ,q4 ,did ?is give him ! wisdom he long$ =8 ,a4 ,no4 ,he grew ?9n] & ?9n] 9 body & fa9t] 9 /r5g? until1 "o day1 z he 0 sl[ly walk+ ab\t & m$itat+1 8 vital =ce sudd5ly left him & he fell to ! gr\nd unconsci\s4 #eg4 ,q4 ,:at did 8 companions ?9k ( t8 ,a4 ,!y fanci$ he 0 dead2 b aft] a "t he reviv$4 #eh4 ,q4 ,:at !n8 ,a4 ,! ?\ght came to him t k c\ld nev] be rea*$ by m]e fa/+ or bodily suff]+1 b mu/ be ga9$ by ! op5+ ( ! m9d4 ,he _h j b>ely escap$ dea? f self-/>vation1 yet _h n obta9$ ! ,p]fect ,wisdom4 ,s he decid$ to eat1 t he might live at lea/ long en\gh to become wise4 #ei4 ,q4 ,:o gave him food8 ,a4 ,he receiv$ food f ,sujata1 a nobleman's daught]1 :o saw him sitt+ at ! foot ( a nyagrodha 7banyan7 tree4 ,he arose1 took 8 alms-b[l1 ba!d 9 ! riv] ,n]ajara1 ate ! food1 & w5t into ! jungle4 #fj4 ,q4 ,:at did he d !re8 ,a4 ,hav+ =m$ 8 det]m9ation aft] ^! reflections1 he w5t at ev5+ to ! ,bodhi1 or ,asvat?a tree1 :]e ! pres5t ,mahabodhi ,temple /&s4 #fa4 ,q4 ,:at did he d !re8 ,a4 ,he det]m9$ n to leave ! spot until he atta9$ p]fect wisdom4 #fb4 ,q4 ,at :i* side ( ! tree did he seat himself8 ,a4 ,! side fac+ ! ea/4#e #fc4 ,q4 ,:at did he obta9 t night8 ,a4 ,! k ( 8 previ\s bir?s1 ( ! causes ( rebir?s1 & ( ! way to ext+ui% desires4 ,j be=e ! break ( ! next day 8 m9d 0 entirely op5$1 l ! full-bl[n lotus fl[]2 ! light ( supreme k1 or ! ,f\r ,tru?s1 p\r$ 9 ^u him4 ,he _h become ,,buddha--! ,enlight5$1 ! all-kn[+--! ,s>vaja4 #fd4 ,q4 ,_h he at la/ discov]$ ! cause ( human mis]y8 ,a4 ,at la/ he _h4 ,z ! light ( ! morn+ sun *ases away ! d>kness ( night1 & reveals to sight ! trees1 fields1 rocks1 seas1 riv]s1 animals1 m5 & all ?+s1 s ! full light ( k rose 9 8 m9d1 & he saw at "o glance ! causes ( human suff]+ & ! way to escape f !m4 #fe4 ,q4 ,_h he great /ruggles be=e ga9+ ?is p]fect wisdom8 ,a4 ,yes1 mighty & t]rible /ruggles4 ,he _h to conqu] 9 8 body all ^? natural defects & human appetites & desires t prev5t our see+ ! tru?4 ,he _h to ov]come all ! bad influ5ces ( ! s9ful _w ar\nd him4 ,l a soldi] fight+ desp]ately 9 battle aga9/ _m enemies1 he /ruggl$3 l a h]o :o conqu]s1 he ga9$ 8 object1 & ! secret ( human mis]y 0 discov]$4 #ff4 ,q4 ,:at use did he make ( ! k ?us ga9$8 ,a4 ,at fir/ he 0 reluctant to tea* x to ! p at l>ge4 #fg4 ,q4 ,:y8 ,a4 ,because ( its pr(\nd importance & sublimity4 ,he fe>$ t b few p w\ld und]/& x4 #fh4 ,q4 ,:at made him alt] ?is view8#f ,a4 ,he saw t x 0 8 duty to tea* :at he _h le>nt z cle>ly & simply z possible1 & tru/ to ! tru? impress+ itself ^u ! popul> m9d 9 proportion to ea* "o's individual ,k>ma4 ,x 0 ! only way ( salvation1 & e be+ _h an equal "r to h x po9t$ out to him4 ,s he det]m9$ to beg9 ) 8 five late companions1 :o _h ab&on$ him :5 he broke 8 fa/4 #fi4 ,q4 ,:]e did he f9d !m8 ,a4 ,9 ! de]-p>k at ,isipatana1 ne> ,b5>es4 #gj4 ,q4 ,c ! spot be n[ id5tifi$8 ,a4 ,yes1 a p>tly ru9$ /upa1 or dagoba1 is /ill /&+ on t v spot4 #ga4 ,q4 ,did ^? five companions readily li/5 to him8 ,a4 ,at fir/1 no2 b s great 0 ! spiritual beauty ( 8 appe>ance1 s sweet & conv9c+ 8 tea*+1 t !y soon turn$ & gave him ! close/ att5tion4 #gb4 ,q4 ,:at effect did ?is disc\rse h ^u !m8 ,a4 ,! ag$ ,kondaa1 "o :o und]/ood 7,anna71 0 ! fir/ to lose 8 prejudices1 accept ! ,buddha's tea*+1 become 8 disciple1 & ent] ! ,pa? lead+ to ,arhat%ip4 ,! o!r f\r soon foll[$ 8 example4 #gc4 ,q4 ,:o 7 8 next conv]ts8 ,a4 ,a ri* "y layman1 nam$ ,yasa1 & 8 fa!r1 a weal?y m]*ant4 ,by ! end ( ?ree mon?s ! disciples numb]$ sixty p]sons4 #gd4 ,q4 ,:o 7 ! fir/ wom5 lay disciples8 ,a4 ,! "m & wife ( ,yasa4 #ge4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,buddha d at t "t8#g ,a4 ,he call$ ! disciples toge!r1 gave !m full in/ructions1 & s5t !m out 9 all directions to prea* 8 doctr9e4 #gf4 ,q4 ,:at 0 ! ess5ce ( x8 ,a4 ,t ! way ( emancipation lies 9 lead+ ! holy life & foll[+ ! rules laid d[n1 :i* w be expla9$ lat] on4 #gg4 ,q4 ,tell me :at "n he gave to ?is c\rse ( life8 ,a4 ,! ,noble ,eightfold ,pa?4 #gh4 ,q4 ,h[ is x call$ 9 ! ,pali language8 ,a4 ,ariyo at?angiko maggo4 #gi4 ,q4 ,:i!r did ! ,buddha !n g8 ,a4 ,to ,uruvela4 #hj4 ,q4 ,:at happ5$ !re8 ,a4 ,he conv]t$ a man nam$ ,ka%yapa1 r5[n$ = 8 le>n+ & tea*] ( ! ,jatilas1 a great sect ( fire-wor%ipp]s1 all ( :om became also 8 foll[]s4 #ha4 ,q4 ,:o 0 8 next great conv]t8 ,a4 ,k+ ,bimbisara1 ( ,magadha4 #hb4 ,q4 ,:i* two ( ! ,buddha's mo/ le>n$ & belov$ disciples 7 conv]t$ at ab\t ?is "t8 ,a4 ,sariputra & ,moggallana1 =m]ly *ief disciples ( ,sajaya1 ! ascetic4 #hc4 ,q4 ,= :at did !y become r5[n$8 ,a4 ,sariputra = 8 pr(\nd le>n+ 7,praja71 ,moggallana = 8 exceptional spiritual p[]s 7,iddhi74 #hd4 ,q4 ,are ^! wond]-work+ p[]s miracul\s8 ,a4 ,no1 b natural to all m5 & capable ( be+ develop$ by a c]ta9 c\rse ( tra9+4 #he4 ,q4 ,did ! ,buddha he> aga9 f 8 family aft] leav+ !m8 ,a4 ,oh yes1 sev5 ye>s lat]1 :ile he 0 liv+ at ,rajagrha1 8 fa!r4 ,k+ ,suddhodana1 s5t a message to reque/ him to come & let him see him aga9 be=e he di$4 #hf4 ,q4 ,did he g8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,8 fa!r w5t ) all 8 relatives & m9i/]s to meet him & receiv$ him ) great joy4 #hg4 ,q4 ,did he cons5t to resume 8 old rank8 ,a4 ,no4 ,9 all sweetness he expla9$ to 8 fa!r t ! ,pr9ce ,siddhar?a _h pass$ out ( exi/5ce1 z su*1 & 0 n[ *ang$ into ! condition ( a ,buddha1 to :om all be+s 7 equally ak9 & equally de>4 ,in/ead ( rul+ ov] "o tribe or nation1 l an e>?ly k+1 he1 ?r\gh 8 ,dh>ma1 w\ld w9 ! he>ts ( all m5 to be 8 foll[]s4 #hh4 ,q4 ,did he see ,yasodh>a & 8 son ,rahula8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,8 wife1 :o _h m\rn$ = him ) deepe/ love1 wept bitt]ly4 ,%e also s5t ,rahula to ask him to give him 8 inh]itance1 z ! son ( a pr9ce4 #hi4 ,q4 ,:at happ5$8 ,a4 ,to "o & all he prea*$ ! ,dh>ma z ! cure = all sorr[s4 ,8 fa!r1 son1 wife1 ,an&a 78 half-bro!r71 ,devadatta 78 c\s9 & bro!r-9-law71 7 all conv]t$ & became 8 disciples4 ,two o!r fam\s ones 7 ,anuruddha1 aft]w>ds a great metaphysician1 & ,upali1 a b>b]1 aft]w>ds ! greate/ au?ority on ,v9aya4 ,bo? ( ^! ga9$ great r5[n4 #ij4 ,q4 ,:o 0 ! fir/ ,bhikkuni8 ,a4 ,prajapati1 ! aunt & fo/]-"m ( ,pr9ce ,siddhar?a4 ,) h]1 ,yasodh>a & _m o!r ladies 7 admitt$ into ! ,ord] z ,bhikkhunis or female devotees4 #ia4 ,q4 ,:at effect did ! tak+ up ( ! religi\s life by 8 sons1 ,siddhar?a & ,an&a1 8 nephew1 ,devadatta1 8 son's wife1 ,yasudh>a1 & 8 gr&son1 ,rahula1 h ^u ! old ,k+ ,suddhodana8 ,a4 ,x griev$ him mu* & he compla9$ to ! ,buddha1 :o !n made x a rule ( ! ,ord] t no p]son %\ld !nce=? be orda9$ )\t ! cons5t ( 8 p>5ts if alive4 #ib4 ,q4 ,tell me ab\t ! fate ( ,devadatta8 ,a4 ,he 0 a man ( great intellig5ce & rapidly advanc$ 9 ! k ( ! ,dh>ma1 b be+ also extremely ambiti\s1 he came to envy & hate ! ,buddha1 & at la/ plott$ to kill him4 ,he also influ5c$ ,ajata%atru1 son ( ,k+ ,bimbisara1 to murd] 8 noble fa!r1 & to become 8--,devadatta's--disciple4 #ic4 ,q4 ,did he d any injury to ! ,buddha8 ,a4 ,n ! lea/1 b ! evil he plott$ aga9/ him recoil$ ^u himself1 & he met ) an awful dea?4 #id4 ,q4 ,= h[ _m ye>s 0 ! ,buddha engag$ 9 tea*+8 ,a4 ,=ty-five ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t he prea*$ a great _m disc\rses4 ,8 cu/om & t ( 8 disciples 0 to travel & prea* dur+ ! eight dry mon?s1 b dur+ ! season ( ,way--! ra9s--he & !y w\ld /op 9 ! pansulas & viharas :i* _h be5 built = !m by v>i\s k+s & o!r weal?y conv]ts4 #ie4 ,q4 ,:i* 7 ! mo/ fam\s ( ^! build+s8 ,a4 ,jetavanarama2 ,veluvanarama2 ,pubbarama2 ,nigrodharama & ,isipatanarama4 #if4 ,q4 ,:at k9d ( p 7 conv]t$ by him & 8 disciples8 ,a4 ,p ( all ranks1 nations & ca/es2 rajas & coolies1 ri* & poor1 mighty & humble1 ! illit]ate & ! mo/ le>n$4 ,8 doctr9e 0 suit$ to all4 #ig4 ,q4 ,give "s acc\nt ( ! decease ( ! ,buddha8 ,a4 ,9 ! =ty-fif? season aft] 8 atta9+ ,buddhahood1 on ! full-moon day ( ,may1 kn[+ t 8 end 0 ne>1 he came at ev5+ to ,kus9agara1 a place ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty miles f ,b5>es4 ,9 ! sala grove ( ! ,mallas1 ! ,up>v>tana ( ,kus9agara1 betwe5 two sala trees1 he _h 8 b$d+ spread ) ! head t[>ds ! nor? accord+ to ! anci5t cu/om4 ,he lay ^u x1 & ) 8 m9d p]fectly cle>1 gave 8 f9al in/ructions to 8 disciples & bade !m f>ewell4 #ih4 ,q4 ,did he also make new conv]ts 9 ^? la/ t\rs8 ,a4 ,yes1 a v important "o1 a great ,brahmana p&it nam$ ,subhadra4 ,he _h also prea*$ to ! ,mallya pr9ces & _! foll[]s4 #ii4 ,q4 ,at day-break :at happ5$8 ,a4 ,he pass$ into ! int]ior condition ( ,samadhi & !nce into ,nirvana4 #ajj4 ,q4 ,:at 7 8 la/ words to 8 disciples8 ,a4 ,bhikkhus1 he said1 ,i n[ impress x ^u y1 ! p>ts & p[]s ( man mu/ be dissolv$4 ,"w out y\r salvation ) dilig5ce4 #aja4 ,q4 ,:at conv9c+ pro( h we t ! ,buddha1 =m]ly ,pr9ce ,siddhar?a1 0 a hi/orical p]sonage8 ,a4 ,8 exi/5ce is app>5tly z cle>ly prov$ z t ( any o!r "* ( anci5t hi/ory4 #ajb4 ,q4 ,"n "s ( ! pro(s8 ,a4 7#a7 ,! te/imony ( ^? :o p]sonally knew him4 7#b7 ,! discov]y ( places & ! rema9s ( build+s m5tion$ 9 ! n>rative ( 8 "t4 7#c7 ,! rock-inscriptions1 pill>s & dagobas made 9 memory ( him by sov]eigns :o 7 ne> en\gh to 8 "t to be able to v]ify ! /ory ( 8 life4 7#d7 ,! unbrok5 exi/5ce ( ! ,sangha :i* he f\nd$1 & _! possession ( ! facts ( 8 life transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation f ! beg9n+4 7#e7 ,! fact t 9 ! v ye> ( 8 dea? & at v>i\s times subsequ5tly1 conv5tions & c\ncils ( ! ,sangha 7 held1 = ! v]ification ( ! actual tea*+s ( ! ,f\nd]1 & ! h&+ d[n ( ^? v]ifi$ tea*+s f tea*] to pupil1 to ! pres5t day4 7#f7 ,aft] 8 cremation 8 relics 7 divid$ among eight k+s & a /upa 0 erect$ ov] ea* portion4 ,! portion giv5 to ,k+ ,ajata%atru1 & by him cov]$ ) a /upa at ,rajagrha1 0 tak51 less ?an two c5turies lat]1 by ! ,emp]or ,asoka & di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t 8 ,empire4 ,he1 ( c\rse1 _h ample means ( kn[+ :e!r ! relics 7 ^? ( ! ,buddha or n1 s9ce !y _h be5 9 *>ge ( ! royal h\se ( ,patna f ! beg9n+4 7#g7 ,_m ( ! ,buddha's disciples1 be+ ,arhats & ?us hav+ control ov] _! vital p[]s1 mu/ h liv$ to great ages1 & !re 0 no?+ to h prev5t$ two or ?ree ( !m1 9 succession to ea* o!r1 to h cov]$ ! :ole p]iod betwe5 ! dea? ( ! ,buddha & ! reign ( ,asoka1 & ?us to h enabl$ ! latt] to get f 8 contempor>y e desir$ atte/ation ( ! fact ( ! ,buddha's life4#g 7#h7 ,! ,mahavansa1 ! be/ au!nticat$ anci5t hi/ory kn[n to u1 records ! ev5ts ( ,s9halese hi/ory to ! reign ( ,k+ ,vijaya1 #edc ,b4,c4--almo/ ! "t ( ! ,buddha--& gives mo/ p>ticul>s ( 8 life1 z well z ^? ( ! ,emp]or ,asoka & all o!r sov]eigns relat$ to ,buddhi/ic hi/ory4 #ajc4 ,q4 ,by :at names ( respect is ! ,buddha call$8 ,a4 ,sakyamuni 7! ,sakya ,sage72 ,sakya-,simha 7! ,sakyan ,lion72 ,sugata 7! ,happy ,"o72 ,sat?ta 7! ,tea*]72 ,j9a 7! ,conqu]or71 ,bhagavat 7! ,bless$ ,"o72 ,lokana?a 7! ,"l ( ! ,_w72 ,s>vaja 7! ,omnisci5t ,"o72 ,dh>m>aja 7! ,k+ ( ,tru?72 ,ta?agata 7! ,great ,be+71 etc4 #a ,! ^w religion is mo/ inappropriate to apply to ,buddhism :i* is n a religion1 b a moral philosophy1 z ,i h %[n lat] on4 ,b1 by common usage ! ^w has be5 appli$ to all gr\ps ( p :o pr(ess a special moral doctr9e1 & is s employ$ by /ati/icians4 ,! ,s9halese ,buddhi/s h nev] yet _h any conception ( :at ,europeans imply 9 ! etymological con/ruction ( ! ,lat9 root ( ?is t]m4 ,9 _! cre$ !re is no su* ?+ z a b9d+ 9 ! ,*ri/ian s5se--a submission to or m]g+ ( self 9 a ,div9e ,be+4 ,agama is _! v]nacul> ^w to express _! relation to ,buddhism & ! ,,buddha4 ,x is pure ,samskrt1 & means approa*1 or com+2 & z ,buddha is enlight5m5t1 ! comp\nd ^w by :i* !y indicate ,buddhism--,buddhagama--w\ld be prop]ly r5d]$ z an approa* or com+ to enlight5m5t1 or possibly z a foll[+ ( ! ,doctr9e ( ,s,a,,kyamuni4 ,! mission>ies1 f9d+ ,agama ready to _! h&1 adopt$ x z ! equival5t = religion2 & ,*ri/ianity is writt5 by !m ,*ri/ianagama1 :]eas x %\ld be ,*ri/ianib&hana1 = b&hana is ! etymological equival5t = religion4 ,! "n ,vibhajja vada--"o :o analyses--is ano!r "n giv5 to a ,buddhi/1 & ,advayavadi is a ?ird4 ,) ?is explanation1 ,i cont9ue to employ "u prote/ ! famili> ^w :5 speak+ ( ,buddhi/ic philosophy1 = ! conv5i5ce ( ! ord9>y read]4 #b ,see ! def9ition ( deva giv5 lat]4 #c ,= an admirable acc\nt ( ?is int]view consult ,dr4 ,paul ,c>us' ,gospel ( ,buddha1 page #bj1 et seq4 #d ,! t]m ,h9du1 once a contemptu\s t]m1 us$ by ! ,musalmans to designate ! p ( ,s9dh1 :om !y conqu]$1 is n[ us$ 9 an ecclesia/ical s5se4 #e ,no reason is giv5 9 ! canonical books = ! *oice ( ?is side ( ! tree1 ?\gh an explanation is to be f\nd 9 ! popul> leg5ds ^u :i* ! books ( ,bi%op ,big&et & o!r ,european comm5tators are bas$4 ,!re are always c]ta9 influ5ces com+ ^u u f ! diff]5t qu>t]s ( ! sky4 ,sometimes ! influ5ce f "o qu>t] w be be/1 sometimes t f ano!r qu>t]4 ,b ! ,buddha ?\ght t ! p]fect$ man is sup]ior to all extrane\s influ5ces4 #f ,! anci5t /ory is t ! ,god ,brahma himself implor$ him n to )hold ! glori\s tru?4 #g ,brahmanism n be+ (f]$ to non-,h9dus1 ,buddhism is consequ5tly1 ! olde/ mission>y religion 9 ! _w4 ,! e>ly mission>ies endur$ e h>d%ip1 cruelty1 & p]secution1 ) unfalt]+ c\rage4 #h ,at ! ,second ,c\ncil !re 7 two pupils ( ,an&a1 consequ5tly c5t5>ians1 :ile 9 ,asoka's ,c\ncil !re 7 pupils ( ^? pupils4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,dh>ma ,,or ,,doctr9e #ajf4 ,q4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,buddha8 ,a4 ,! enlight5$1 or he :o has ! p]fect wisdom4 #ajg4 ,q4 ,y h said t !re 7 o!r ,buddhas be=e ?is "o8 ,a4 ,yes2 our belief is t1 "u ! op]ation ( et]nal causation1 a ,buddha takes bir? at int]vals1 :5 mank9d h become plung$ into mis]y ?r\gh ignorance1 & ne$ ! wisdom :i* x is ! function ( a ,buddha to tea*4 7,see also ,q4 #aa47 #ajh4 ,q4 ,h[ is a ,buddha develop$8 ,a4 ,a p]son1 he>+ & see+ "o ( ! ,buddhas on e>?1 becomes seiz$ ) ! det]m9ation s to live t at "s future "t1 :5 he %all become fitt$ = x1 he also w be a ,buddha = ! guid+ ( mank9d out ( ! cycle ( rebir?4 #aji4 ,q4 ,h[ does he proce$8 ,a4 ,?r\gh\t t bir? & e succe$+ "o1 he /rives to subdue 8 passions1 to ga9 wisdom by exp]i5ce1 & to develop 8 high] faculties4 ,he ?us gr[s by degrees wis]1 nobl] 9 "*1 & /rong] 9 virtue1 until1 f9ally1 aft] numb]less re-bir?s he rea*es ! /ate :5 he c become ,p]fect$1 ,enlight5$1 ,all-wise1 ! ideal ,tea*] ( ! human race4 #aaj4 ,q4 ,:ile ?is gradual developm5t is go+ on ?r\gh\t all ^! bir?s1 by :at "n d we call him8 ,a4 ,bodhisat1 or ,bodhisattva4 ,?us ! ,pr9ce ,siddh>?a ,gautama 0 a ,bodhisattva up to ! mom5t :51 "u ! bless$ ,bodhi tree at ,gaya1 he became ,buddha4 #aaa4 ,q4 ,h we any acc\nt ( 8 v>i\s rebir?s z a ,bodhisattva8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,jatakat?aka?a1 a book conta9+ /ories ( ! ,bodhisattva's re9c>nations1 !re are sev]al hundr$ tales ( t k9d4 #aab4 ,q4 ,:at lesson d ^! /ories tea*8 ,a4 ,t a man c c>ry1 ?r\gh\t a long s]ies ( re9c>nations1 "o great1 good purpose :i* enables him to conqu] bad t5d5cies & develop virtu\s ones4 #aac4 ,q4 ,c we fix ! numb] ( re9c>nations ?r\gh :i* a ,bodhisattva mu/ pass be=e he c become a ,buddha8 ,a4 ,( c\rse n3 t dep5ds ^u 8 natural "*1 ! /ate ( developm5t to :i* he has arriv$ :5 he =ms ! resolution to become a ,buddha1 & o!r ?+s4 #aad4 ,q4 ,h we a way ( classify+ ,bodhisattvas8 ,if s1 expla9 x4 ,a4 ,bodhisattvas--! future ,buddhas--are divid$ into ?ree classes4 #aae4 ,q4 ,proce$4 ,h[ are ^! ?ree k9ds ( ,bodhisats nam$8 ,a4 ,pannadhika1 or ,udghatitaja--he :o atta9s lea/ quickly2 ,saddhadhika1 or ,vipa*itaja--he :o atta9s less quickly2 & ,viryadhika1 or ,gneyya--he :o atta9s quickly4 ,! ,pannadhika ,bodhisats take ! c\rse ( ,intellig5ce2 ! ,saddhadhika take ! c\rse ( ,fai?2 ! ,viryaahika take ! c\rse ( en]getic ,action4 ,! fir/ is guid$ by ,intellig5ce & does n ha/52 ! second is full ( ,fai?1 & does n c>e to take ! guidance ( ,wisdom2 & ! ?ird nev] delays to d :at is good4 ,reg>dless ( ! consequ5ces to himself1 he does x :5 he sees t x is be/ t x %\ld be done4 #aaf4 ,q4 ,:5 our ,bodhisattva became ,buddha1 :at did he see 0 ! cause ( human mis]y8 ,tell me 9 "o ^w4 ,a4 ,ignorance 7,avidya74 #aag4 ,q4 ,c y tell me ! rem$y8 ,a4 ,to dispel ,ignorance & become wise 7,praja74 #aah4 ,q4 ,:y does ignorance cause suff]+8 ,a4 ,because x makes u prize :at is n wor? priz+1 grieve :5 we %\ld n grieve1 consid] real :at is n real b only illusion>y1 & pass our lives 9 ! pursuit ( wor?less objects1 neglect+ :at is 9 reality mo/ valuable4 #aai4 ,q4 ,& :at is t :i* is mo/ valuable8 ,a4 ,to "k ! :ole secret ( man's exi/5ce & de/9y1 s t we may e/imate at no m ?an _! actual value ?is life & its relations2 & s t we may live 9 a way to ensure ! greate/ happ9ess & ! lea/ suff]+ = our fell[-m5 & ourselves4 #abj4 ,q4 ,:at is ! light t c dispel ?is ignorance ( ours & remove all sorr[s8 ,a4 ,! k ( ! ,f\r ,noble ,tru?s1 z ! ,buddha call$ !m4 #aba4 ,q4 ,"n ^! ,f\r ,noble ,tru?s8 ,a4 #a4 ,! mis]ies ( evolution>y exi/5ce result+ 9 bir?s & dea?s1 life aft] life4 #b4 ,! cause productive ( mis]y1 :i* is ! selfi% desire1 ev] r5ew$1 ( satisfy+ "o's self1 )\t be+ able ev] to secure t end4 #c4 ,! de/ruction ( t desire1 or ! e/rang+ ( "o's self f x4 #d4 ,! means ( obta9+ ?is de/ruction ( desire4 #abb4 ,q4 ,tell me "s ?+s t cause sorr[8 ,a4 ,bir?1 decay1 illness1 dea?1 sep>ation f objects we love1 association ) ^? :o are repugnant1 crav+ = :at _c be obta9$4 #abc4 ,q4 ,d ^! diff] ) ea* individual8 ,a4 ,yes3 b all m5 suff] f !m 9 degree4 #abd4 ,q4 ,h[ c we escape ! suff]+s :i* result f unsatisfi$ desires & ignorant crav+s8 ,a4 ,by complete conque/ ov]1 & de/ruction (1 ?is eag] ?ir/ = life & its pleasures1 :i* causes sorr[4 #abe4 ,q4 ,h[ may we ga9 su* a conque/8 ,a4 ,by foll[+ ! ,noble ,eight-fold ,pa? :i* ! ,buddha discov]$ & po9t$ out4 #abf4 ,q4 ,:at d y mean by t ^w3 :at is ?is ,noble ,eight-fold ,pa?8 7,= ! ,pali "n see ,q4 #gi47 ,a4 ,! eight p>ts ( ?is pa? are call$ angas4 ,!y are3 #a4 ,"r ,belief 7z to ! law ( ,causation1 or ,k>ma72 #b4 ,"r ,?\ght2 #c4 ,"r ,spee*2 #d4 ,"r ,action2 #e4 ,"r ,means ( ,livelihood2 #f4 ,"r ,ex]tion2 #g4 ,"r ,remembrance & ,self-discipl9e2 #h4 ,"r ,conc5tration ( ,?\ght4 ,! man :o keeps ^! angas 9 m9d & foll[s !m w be free f sorr[ & ultimately rea* salvation4 #abg4 ,q4 ,c y give a bett] ^w = salvation8 ,a4 ,yes1 emancipation4 #abh4 ,q4 ,emancipation1 !n1 f :at8 ,a4 ,emancipation f ! mis]ies ( e>?ly exi/5ce & ( rebir?s1 all ( :i* are due to ignorance & impure lu/s & crav+s4 #abi4 ,q4 ,& :5 ?is salvation or emancipation is atta9$1 :at d we rea*8 ,a4 ,,nirv,a,,na4 #acj4 ,q4 ,:at is ,nirvana8 ,a4 ,a condition ( total cessation ( *anges1 ( p]fect re/1 ( ! abs5ce ( desire & illusion & sorr[1 ( ! total oblit]ation ( ev]y?+ t goes to make up ! physical man4 ,be=e rea*+ ,nirvana man is con/antly be+ reborn2 :5 he rea*es ,nirvana he is born no m4 #aca4 ,q4 ,:]e c be f\nd a le>n$ discussion ( ! ^w ,nirvana & a li/ ( ! o!r names by :i* ! old ,pali writ]s attempt to def9e x8 ,a4 ,9 ! fam\s ,diction>y ( ! ,pali ,language1 by ! late ,mr4 ,b4 ,o4 ,*ild]s1 is a complete li/4#a #acb4 ,q4 ,b "s p imag9e t ,nirvana is "s sort ( heav5ly place1 a ,p>adise4 ,does ,buddhism tea* t8 ,a4 ,no4 ,:5 ,kutadanta ask$ ! ,buddha ,:]e is ,nirvana1 he repli$ t x 0 :]ev] ! precepts are obey$4 #acc4 ,q4 ,:at causes u to be reborn8 ,a4 ,! unsatisfi$ selfi% desire 7,skt41 tr%na2 ,pali1 tanha7 = ?+s t belong to ! /ate ( p]sonal exi/5ce 9 ! mat]ial _w4 ,?is unqu5*$ ?ir/ = physical exi/5ce 7bhava7 is a =ce1 & has a creative p[] 9 itself s /rong t x draws ! be+ back into mundane life4 #acd4 ,q4 ,are our rebir?s 9 any way affect$ by ! nature ( our unsatisfi$ desires8 ,a4 ,yes1 & by our individual m]its or dem]its4 #ace4 ,q4 ,does our m]it or dem]it control ! /ate1 condition or =m 9 :i* we %all be re-born8 ,a4 ,x does4 ,! broad rule is t if we h an excess ( m]it we %all be well & happily born ! next "t2 if an excess ( dem]it1 our next bir? w be wret*$ & full ( suff]+4 #acf4 ,q4 ,"o *ief pill> ( ,buddhi/ic doctr9e is1 !n1 ! idea t e effect is ! result ( an actual cause1 is x n8 ,a4 ,x is2 ( a cause ei!r imm$iate or remote4 #acg4 ,q4 ,:at d we call ?is causation8 ,a4 ,appli$ to individuals1 x is ,k>ma1 t is1 action4 ,x means t our own actions or de$s br+ ^u u :atev] ( joy or mis]y we exp]i5ce4 #ach4 ,q4 ,c a bad man escape f ! outwork+s ( 8 ,k>ma8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammapada says3 ,!re exi/s no spot on ! e>?1 or 9 ! sky1 or 9 ! sea1 nei!r is !re any 9 ! m\nta9-clefts1 :]e an 7evil7 de$ does n br+ tr\ble 7to ! do]74 #aci4 ,q4 ,c a good man escape8 ,a4 ,z ! result ( de$s ( peculi> m]it1 a man may atta9 c]ta9 advantages ( place1 body1 environm5t & tea*+ 9 8 next /age ( progress1 :i* w>d (f ! effects ( bad ,k>ma & help 8 high] evolution4 #adj4 ,:at are !y call$8 ,a4 ,gati ,sampatti1 ,upadhi ,sampatti1 ,kala ,sampatti & ,payoga ,sampatti4 #ada4 ,q4 ,is t consi/5t or inconsi/5t ) common s5se & ! tea*+s ( mod]n sci5ce8 ,a4 ,p]fectly consi/5t3 !re c be no d\bt ( x4 #adb4 ,q4 ,may all m5 become ,buddhas8 ,a4 ,x is n 9 ! nature ( e man to become a ,buddha2 = a ,buddha is develop$ only at long int]vals ( "t1 & seem+ly1 :5 ! /ate ( humanity absolutely requires su* a tea*] to %[ x ! =gott5 ,pa? to ,nirvana4 ,b e be+ may equally rea* ,nirvana1 by conqu]+ ,ignorance & ga9+ ,wisdom4 #adc4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism tea* t man is reborn only ^u our e>?8 ,a4 ,z a g5]al rule t w\ld be ! case1 until he _h evolv$ beyond its level2 b ! inhabit$ worlds are numb]less4 ,! _w ^u :i* a p]son is to h 8 next bir?1 z well z ! nature ( ! rebir? itself1 is decid$ by ! prepond]ance ( ! individual's m]it or dem]it4 ,9 o!r words1 x w be controll$ by 8 attractions1 z sci5ce w\ld describe x2 or by 8 ,k>ma1 z we1 ,buddhi/s1 w\ld say4 #add4 ,q4 ,are !re worlds m p]fectly develop$1 & o!rs less s ?an our ,e>?8 ,a4 ,buddhism tea*es t !re are :ole ,sakwalas1 or sy/ems ( worlds1 ( v>i\s k9ds1 high] & l[]1 & also t ! inhabitants ( ea* _w correspond 9 developm5t ) itself4 #ade4 ,q4 ,has n ! ,buddha summ$ up 8 :ole doctr9e 9 "o ga?a1 or v]se8 ,a4 ,yes4 #adf4 ,q4 ,repeat x8 ,a4 ,sabba papassa ak>anm1 ,kusalassa upasampada ,sa*itta p>iyo dapanam-- ,etam ,buddhanusasanam4 ,to cease f all evil actions1 ,to g5]ate all t is good1 ,to cleanse "o's m9d3 ,?is is ! con/ant advice ( ! ,buddhas4 #adg4 ,q4 ,h ! fir/ ?ree ( ^! l9es any v /rik+ *>act]i/ics8 ,a4 ,yes3 ! fir/ l9e embodies ! :ole _s ( ! ,v9aya ,pitaka1 ! second t ( ! ,sutta1 ! ?ird t ( ! ,abhidhamma4 ,!y comprise only eight ,pali words1 yet1 z ! dew-drop reflects ! />s1 !y sp>kle ) ! _s ( all ! ,buddha ,dh>ma4 #adh4 ,q4 ,d ^! precepts %[ t ,buddhism is an active or a passive religion8 ,a4 ,to cease f s9 may be call$ passive1 b to get virtue & to cleanse "o's own he>t1 or m9d1 are altoge!r active qualities4 ,buddha taught t we %\ld n m]ely n be evil1 b t we %\ld be positively good4 #adi4 ,q4 ,:o or :at are ! ,?ree ,guides#b t a ,buddhi/ ,is suppos$ to foll[8 ,a4 ,!y are disclos$ 9 ! =mula call$ ! ,tis>ana3 ,i foll[ ,buddha z my ,guide3 ,i foll[ ! ,law z my ,guide3 ,i foll[ ! ,ord] z my ,guide4 ,^! ?ree are1 9 fact1 ! ,buddha ,dh>ma4 #aej4 ,q4 ,:at does he mean :5 repeat+ ?is =mula8 ,a4 ,he means t he reg>ds ! ,buddha z 8 all-wise ,tea*]1 ,fri5d & ,exempl>2 ! ,law1 or ,doctr9e1 z conta9+ ! ess5tial & immutable pr9ciples ( ,ju/ice & ,tru? & ! pa? t leads to ! realisation ( p]fect peace ( m9d on e>?2 & ! ,ord] z ! tea*]s & exempl>s ( t excell5t ,law taught by ,buddha4 #aea4 ,q4 ,b are n "s ( ! memb]s ( ?is ,ord] m5 intellectually & morally inf]ior8 ,a4 ,yes2 b we are taught by ! ,buddha t only ^? :o dilig5tly att5d to ! ,precepts1 discipl9e _! m9ds1 & /rive to atta9 or h atta9$ "o ( ! eight /ages ( hol9ess & p]fection1 con/itute 8 ,ord]4 ,x is expressly /at$ t ! ,ord] ref]r$ to 9 ! ,tis>ana ref]s to ! ,at?a ,ariya ,puggala--! ,noble ,ones :o h atta9$ "o ( ! eight /ages ( p]fection4 ,! m]e we>+ ( yell[ robes1 or ev5 ord9ation1 does n ( itself make a man pure or wise or entitle him to rev]5ce4 #aeb4 ,q4 ,!n x is n su* unwor?y bhikkhus z !y1 :om ! true ,buddhi/ w\ld lake z 8 guides8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly n4 #aec4 ,q4 ,:at are ! five obs]vances1 or univ]sal precepts1 call$ ! ,pa*a ,sila1 :i* are impos$ on ! laity 9 g5]al8 ,a4 ,!y are includ$ 9 ! foll[+ =mula11 :i* ,buddhi/s repeat publicly at ! viharas 7temples73 ,i obs]ve ! precept to refra9 f de/roy+ ! life ( be+s4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to refra9 f /eal+4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f unlawful sexual int]c\rse4#c ,i obs]ve ! precept to refra9 f falsehood4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f us+ intoxicants4 #aed4 ,q4 ,:at /rikes ! intellig5t p]son on read+ ^! ,silas8 ,a4 ,t "o :o obs]ves !m /rictly mu/ escape f e cause productive ( human mis]y4 ,if we /udy hi/ory we %all f9d t x has all sprung f "o or ano!r ( ^! causes4 #aee4 ,q4 ,9 :i* ,silas is ! f>-see+ wisdom ( ! ,buddha mo/ pla9ly %[n8 ,a4 ,9 ! fir/1 ?ird & fif?2 = ! tak+ ( life1 s5suality1 & ! use ( intoxicants1 cause at lea/ n9ety-five p] c5t ( ! suff]+s among m54 #aef4 ,q4 ,:at b5efits does a man d]ive f ! obs]vance ( ^! ,precepts8 ,a4 ,he is said to acquire m or less m]it accord+ to ! mann] & "t ( obs]v+ ! precepts1 & ! numb] obs]v$2 t is1 if he obs]ves only "o precept1 violat+ ! o!r f\r1 he acquires ! m]it ( ! obs]vance ( t precept only2 & ! long] he keeps t precept ! great] w be ! m]it4 ,he :o keeps all ! precepts inviolate w cause himself to h a high] & happi] exi/5ce h]eaft]4 #aeg4 ,q4 ,:at are ! o!r obs]vances :i* x is consid]$ m]itori\s = ! laity z su* to und]take volunt>ily to keep8 ,a4 ,! ,at?anga ,sila1 or ! ,eightfold ,precept1 :i* embraces ! five above enum]at$ 7omitt+ ! ^w unlawful 9 ! ?ird71 ) ?ree additional2 viz43 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f eat+ at an unseasonable "t4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f danc+1 s++1 music & unbecom+ %[s1 & f ! use ( g>l&s1 sc5ts1 p]fumes1 cosmetics1 o9tm5ts1 & ornam5ts4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f us+ high & broad b$s4 ,! seats & c\*es "h ref]r$ to are ^? us$ by ! worldly-m9d$ = ! sake ( pleasure & s5sual enjoym5t4 ,! celibate %\ld avoid ^!4 #aeh4 ,q4 ,h[ w\ld a ,buddhi/ describe true m]it8 ,a4 ,!re is no great m]it 9 any m]ely outw>d act2 all dep5ds ^u ! inw>d motive t provokes ! de$4 #aei4 ,q4 ,give an example8 ,a4 ,a ri* man may exp5d lakhs ( rupees 9 build+ dagobas or viharas1 9 erect+ /atues ( ,buddha1 9 fe/ivals & processions1 9 fe$+ prie/s1 9 giv+ alms to ! poor1 or 9 plant+ trees1 digg+ tanks1 or con/ruct+ re/-h\ses by ! roadside = travell]s1 & yet h comp>atively little m]it if x be done = display1 or to he> himself prais$ by m51 or = any o!r selfi% motives4 ,b he :o does ! lea/ ( ^! ?+s ) a k9d motive1 su* z love = 8 fell[-m51 ga9s great m]it4 ,a good de$ done ) a bad motive b5efits o!rs1 b n ! do]4 ,"o :o approves ( a good de$ :5 done by ano!r %>es 9 ! m]it1 if 8 sympa?y is real1 n pret5d$4 ,! same rule applies to evil de$s4 #afj4 ,q4 ,b :i* is said to be ! greate/ ( all m]itori\s actions8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammapada decl>es t ! m]it ( dissem9at+ ! ,dh>ma1 ! ,law ( ,righte\sness1 is great] ?an t ( any o!r good "w4 #afa4 ,q4 ,:at books conta9 all ! mo/ excell5t wisdom ( ! ,buddha's tea*+s8 ,a4 ,! ?ree collections ( books call$ ,tripitakas or ,?ree ,baskets4 #afb4 ,q4 ,:at are ! names ( ! ?ree ,pitakas1 or gr\ps ( books8 ,a4 ,! ,v9aya ,pitaka1 ! ,sutta ,pitaka & ! ,abhidhamma ,pitaka4 #afc4 ,q4 ,:at d !y respectively conta98 ,a4 ,! fir/ conta9s all t p]ta9s to morality & ! rules ( discipl9e = ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,sangha1 or ,ord]2 ! second conta9s in/ructive disc\rses on e?ics applicable to all2 ! ?ird expla9s ! psy*ological tea*+s ( ! ,buddha1 includ+ ! tw5ty-f\r transc5d5tal laws explanatory ( ! work+s ( ,nature4 #afd4 ,q4 ,d ,buddhi/s relieve ^! books to be inspir$1 or reveal$1 by a ,div9e ,be+8 ,a4 ,no2 b !y rev]e !m z conta9+ all ! p>ts ( t mo/ ,excell5t ,law1 by ! kn[+ ( :i* man may break ?r\gh ! trammels ( ,samsara4 #afe4 ,q4 ,9 ! :ole text ( ! ?ree ,pitakas h[ _m words are !re8 ,a4 ,dr4 ,rhys-,davids e/imates !m at #a1geb1hjj4 #aff4 ,q4 ,:5 7 ! ,pitakas fir/ r$uc$ to writ+8 ,a4 ,9 #hh-gf ,b4,c41 "u ! ,s9halese ,k+1 ,wattagam9i1 or ?ree hundr$ & ?irty ye>s aft] ! ,p>anirvana ( ! ,buddha4 #afg4 ,q4 ,h we reason to believe t all ! disc\rses ( ! ,buddha are kn[n to u8 ,a4 ,probably n1 & x w\ld be /range if !y 74 ,)9 ! =ty-five ye>s ( 8 public life he mu/ h prea*$ _m hundr$s ( disc\rses4 ,( ^!1 9 times ( w> & p]secution1 _m mu/ h be5 lo/1 _m scatt]$ to di/ant c\ntries1 & _m mutilat$4 ,hi/ory says t enemies ( ! ,buddha ,dh>ma burnt piles ( our books z high z a coco-nut tree4 #afh4 ,q4 ,d ,buddhi/s consid] ! ,buddha z "o :o by 8 own virtue c save u f ! consequ5ce ( our individual s9s8 ,a4 ,n at all4 ,man mu/ emancipate himself4 ,until he does t he w cont9ue be+ born ov] & ov] & ov] aga9--! victim ( ignorance1 ! slave ( unqu5*$ passions4 #afi4 ,q4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! ,buddha to u1 & all o!r be+s8 ,a4 ,an all-see+1 all-wise ,c\nsellor2 "o :o discov]$ ! safe pa? & po9t$ x out2 "o :o %[$ ! cause (1 & ! only cure =1 human suff]+4 ,9 po9t+ to ! road1 9 %[+ u h[ to escape dang]s1 he became our ,guide4 ,he is to u l "o lead+ a bl9d man across a n>r[ bridge ov] a swift & deep /ream & s sav+ 8 life4 #agj4 ,q4 ,if we 7 to try to repres5t ! :ole _s ( ! ,buddha's doctr9e by "o ^w1 :i* ^w %\ld we *oose8 ,a4 ,ju/ice4 #aga4 ,q4 ,:y8 ,a4 ,because x tea*es t e man gets1 "u ! op]ations ( un]r+ ,,k>ma1 exactly t rew>d or puni%m5t :i* he has des]v$1 no m & no less4 ,no good de$ or bad de$1 h[ev] trifl+1 & h[ev] secretly committ$1 escapes ! ev5ly-balanc$ scales ( ,k>ma4 #agb4 ,q4 ,:at is ,k>ma8#d ,a4 ,a causation op]at+ on ! moral1 z well z on ! physical & o!r planes4 ,buddhi/s say !re is no miracle 9 human affairs3 :at a man s[s t he mu/ & w reap4 #agc4 ,q4 ,:at o!r good words h be5 us$ to express ! ess5ce ( ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,self-culture & univ]sal love4 #agd4 ,q4 ,:at doctr9e ennobles ,buddhism1 & gives x its exalt$ place among ! _w's religions8 ,a4 ,t ( ,mitta or ,maitreya--compassionate k9dness4 ,! importance ( ?is doctr9e is moreov] emphasis$ 9 ! giv+ ( ! "n ,maitri 7! ,compassionate ,"o71 to ! com+ ,buddha4 #age4 ,q4 ,7 all ^! po9ts ( ,doctr9e t y h expla9$ m$itat$ ^u by ! ,buddha ne> ! ,bo-tree8 ,a4 ,yes1 ^! & _m m t may be read 9 ! ,buddhi/ ,scriptures4 ,! entire sy/em ( ,buddhism came to 8 m9d dur+ ! ,great ,enlight5m5t4 #agf4 ,q4 ,h[ long did ! ,buddha rema9 ne> ! ,bo-tree8 ,a4 ,=ty-n9e days4 #agg4 ,q4 ,:at d we call ! fir/ disc\rse prea*$ by ! ,buddha--t :i* he address$ to 8 five =m] companions8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammacakka-ppavattana sutta--! ,sutra ( ! ,def9ition ( ! ,rule ( ,doctr9e4#e #agh4 ,q4 ,:at subjects 7 treat$ by him 9 ?is disc\rse8 ,a4 ,! ,f\r ,noble ,tru?s1 & ! ,noble ,eightfold ,pa?4 ,he condemn$ ! extreme physical mortification ( ! ascetics1 on ! "o h&1 & ! enjoym5t ( s5sual pleasures on ! o!r2 po9t+ out & recomm5d+ ! ,noble ,eightfold ,pa? z ! ,middle ,pa?4 #agi4 ,q4 ,did ! ,buddha hold ) idol-wor%ip8 ,a4 ,he did n2 he oppos$ x4 ,! wor%ip ( gods1 demons1 trees1 etc41 0 condemn$ by ! ,buddha4 ,ext]nal wor%ip is a fett] t "o has to break if he is to advance high]4 #ahj4 ,q4 ,b1 d n ,buddhi/s make rev]5ce be=e ! /atue ( ! ,buddha1 8 relics1 & ! monum5ts en%r9+ !m8 ,a4 ,yes1 b n ) ! s5tim5t ( ! idolat]4 #aha4 ,q4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce8 ,a4 ,our ,pagan bro!r n only takes 8 images z visible repres5tations ( 8 unse5 ,god or gods1 b ! ref9$ idolat]1 9 wor%ipp+1 consid]s t ! idol conta9s 9 its sub/ance a portion ( ! all-p]vad+ div9ity4 #ahb4 ,q4 ,:at does ! ,buddhi/ ?9k8 ,a4 ,! ,buddhi/ rev]5ces ! ,buddha's /atue & ! o!r ?+s y h m5tion$1 only z mem5toes ( ! greate/1 wise/1 mo/ b5evol5t & compassionate man 9 ?is _w-p]iod 7,kalpa74 ,all races & p pres]ve1 treasure up1 & value ! relics & mem5toes ( m5 & wom5 :o h be5 consid]$ 9 any way great4 ,! ,buddha1 to u1 seems m to be rev]$ & belov$ ?an any "o else1 by e human be+ :o kn[s sorr[4 #ahc4 ,q4 ,has ! ,buddha himself giv5 u some?+ def9ite ^u ?is subject8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,9 ! ,maha ,p>i-,nirvana ,sutta he says t emancipation is atta9able only by lead+ ! ,holy life1 accord+ to ! ,noble ,eight-fold ,pa?1 n by et]nal wor%ip 7amisa puja71 nor by adoration ( himself1 or ( ano!r1 or ( any image4 #ahd4 ,q4 ,:at 0 ! ,buddha's e/imate ( c]emonialism8 ,a4 ,f ! beg9n+1 he condemn$ ! obs]vance ( c]emonies & o!r ext]nal practices1 :i* only t5d to increase our spiritual bl9dness & our cl++ to m]e lifeless =ms4 #ahe4 ,q4 ,:at z to controv]sies8 ,a4 ,9 num]\s disc\rses he d5\nc$ ?is habit z mo/ p]nici\s4 ,he prescrib$ p5ances = ,bhikkhus :o wa/e "t & weak5 _! high] intuitions 9 wrangl+ ov] !ories & metaphysical subtleties4 #ahf4 ,q4 ,are *>ms1 incantations1 ! obs]vance ( lucky h\rs & devil-danc+ a "p ( ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,!y are positively repugnant to its fundam5tal pr9ciples4 ,!y are ! surviv+ relics ( feti%ism & pan!i/ic & o!r =eign religions4 ,9 ! ,brahmajata ,sutta ! ,buddha has categorically describ$ ^! & o!r sup]/itions z ,pagan1 mean & spuri\s4#f #ahg4 ,q4 ,:at /rik+ contra/s are !re betwe5 ,buddhism & :at may be prop]ly call$ religions8 ,a4 ,among o!rs1 ^!3 ,x tea*es ! highe/ goodness )\t a creat+ ,god2 a cont9uity ( life )\t adh]+ to ! sup]/iti\s & selfi% doctr9e ( an et]nal1 metaphysical s\l-sub/ance t goes out ( ! body2 a happ9ess )\t an objective heav52 a me?od ( salvation )\t a vic>i\s ,savi\r2 r$emption by oneself z ! ,r$eem]1 & )\t rites1 pray]s1 p5ances1 prie/s or int]cessory sa9ts2 & a summum bonum1 i4e41 ,nirvana1 atta9able 9 ?is life & 9 ?is _w by lead+ a pure1 unselfi% life ( wisdom & ( compassion to all be+s4 #ahh4 ,q4 ,specify ! two ma9 divisions ( m$itation1 i4e41 ( ! process by :i* "o ext+ui%es passion & atta9s k8 ,a4 ,sama?a & ,vid>sama3 7#a7 ! att5uation ( passion by lead+ ! holy life & by cont9u$ ef=t to subdue ! s5ses2 7#b7 ! atta9m5t ( sup]normal wisdom by reflection3 ea* ( :i* embraces tw5ty aspects1 b ,i ne$ n "h specify !m4 #ahi4 ,q4 ,:at are ! f\r pa?s or /ages ( advancem5t t "o may atta9 to8 ,a4 7#a7 ,sottapatti--! beg9n+ or ent]+ into :i* foll[s aft] "o's cle> p]ception ( ! ,f\r ,noble ,tru?s2 7#b7 ,sak>dagami--! pa? ( "o :o has s subjugat$ lu/1 hatr$ & delusion t he ne$ only return once to ?is _w2 7#c7 ,anagami--! pa? ( ^? :o h s f> conqu]$ self t !y ne$ n return to ?is _w2 7#d7 ,arhat--! pa? ( ! holy & wor?y ,arhat1 :o is n only free f ! necessity ( re9c>nation1 b has capacitat$ himself to enjoy p]fect wisdom1 b\ndless pity = ! ignorant & suff]+1 & measureless love = all be+s4 #aij4 ,q4 ,does popul> ,buddhism conta9 no?+ b :at is true1 & 9 accord ) sci5ce8 ,a4 ,l e o!r religion t has exi/$ _m c5turies1 x c]ta9ly n[ conta9s untru? m+l$ ) tru?2 ev] gold is f\nd mix$ ) dross4 ,! poetical imag9ation1 ! zeal1 or ! l+]+ sup]/ition ( ,buddhi/ devotees h1 9 v>i\s ages1 & 9 v>i\s l&s1 caus$ ! noble pr9ciples ( ! ,buddha's moral doctr9es to be c\pl$ m or less ) :at might be remov$ to advantage4 #aia4 ,q4 ,:5 su* p]v]sions are discov]$1 :at %\ld be ! true ,buddhi/'s e>ne/ desire8 ,a4 ,! true ,buddhi/ %\ld be ev] ready & anxi\s to see ! false purg$ away f ! true1 & to assi/1 if he c4 ,?ree great ,c\ncils ( ! ,sangha 7 held = ! express purpose ( purg+ ! body ( ,tea*+s f all corrupt int]polations4 #aib4 ,q4 ,:58 ,a4 ,! fir/1 at ,sattapanni cave1 j aft] ! dea? ( ! ,buddha2 ! second at ,valuk>ama1 9 ,vaisali2 ! ?ird at ,asok>ama ,vihara1 at ,pataliputra1 #bce ye>s aft] ,buddha's decease4 #aic4 ,q4 ,9 :at disc\rse does ! ,buddha himself w>n u to expect ?is p]v]sion ( ! true ,doctr9e8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,sanyutta ,nikaya4 #aid4 ,q4 ,are !re any dogmas 9 ,buddhism :i* we are requir$ to accept on fai?8 ,a4 ,no3 we are e>ne/ly enjo9$ to accept no?+ :atev] on fai?2 :e!r x be writt5 9 books1 h&$ d[n f our ance/ors1 or taught by ! sages4 #aie4 ,q4 ,did he himself really tea* t noble rule8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,! ,buddha has said t we mu/ n believe 9 a ?+ said m]ely because x is said2 nor 9 traditions because !y h be5 h&$ d[n f antiquity2 nor rum\rs1 z su*2 nor writ+s by sages1 m]ely because sages wrote !m2 nor fancies t we may suspect to h be5 inspir$ 9 u by a ,deva 7t is1 9 presum$ spiritual inspiration72 nor f inf]5ces drawn f "s haphaz>d assumption we may h made2 nor because ( :at seems an analogical necessity2 nor on ! m]e au?ority ( our own tea*]s or ma/]s4 #aif4 ,q4 ,:51 !n1 mu/ we believe8 ,a4 ,we are to believe :5 ! writ+ doctr9e or say+ is corroborat$ by our own reason & consci\sness4 ,= ?is1 says he 9 conclud+1 ,i taught y n to believe m]ely because y h he>d1 b :5 y believ$ ( y\r own consci\sness1 !n to act accord+ly & abundantly4 7,see ! ,kalama ,sutta ( ! ,angutt>a ,nikaya1 & ! ,maha ,p>i ,nirvana ,sutta47 #aig4 ,q4 ,:at does ! ,buddha call himself8 ,a4 ,he says t he & ! o!r ,buddhas are only prea*]s ( tru? :o po9t out ! way3 we ourselves mu/ make ! ef=t4 #aih4 ,q4 ,:]e is ?is said8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,dhammapada1 ,*apt] xx4 #aii4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism c\nt5ance hypocrisy8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammapada says3 ,l a beautiful fl[] full ( col\r )\t sc5t ! f9e words ( him :o does n act accord+ly are fruitless4 #bjj4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism tea* u to return evil = evil8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,dhammapada ! ,buddha said3 ,if a man fooli%ly does me wrong1 ,i w return to him ! protection ( my ungrudg+ love2 ! m evil comes f him1 ! m good %all g f me4 ,?is is ! pa? foll[$ by ! ,arhat4#g ,to return evil = evil is positively =bidd5 9 ,buddhism4 #bja4 ,q4 ,does x enc\rage cruelty8 ,a4 ,no1 inde$4 ,9 ! ,five ,precepts & 9 _m ( 8 disc\rses1 ! ,buddha tea*es u to be m]ciful to all be+s1 to try & make !m happy1 to love !m all1 to ab/a9 f tak+ life1 or cons5t+ to x1 or enc\rag+ its be+ done4 #bjb4 ,q4 ,9 :i* disc\rse is ?is /at$8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammika ,sutta says3 ,let him 7! h\sehold]7 n de/roy1 or cause to be de/roy$1 any life at all1 or sanction ! act ( ^? :o d s4 ,let him refra9 f ev5 hurt+ any creature4#h #bjc4 ,q4 ,does x approve ( drunk5ness8 ,a4 ,9 8 ,dhammika ,sutta we are w>n$ aga9/ dr9k+ liquors1 caus+ o!rs to dr9k1 or sanction+ ! acts ( ^? :o dr9k4#i #bjd4 ,q4 ,to :at are we told t drunk5ness leads8 ,a4 ,to dem]it1 crime1 insanity1 & ignorance--:i* is ! *ief cause ( rebir?4 #bje4 ,q4 ,:at does ,buddhism tea* ab\t m>riage8 ,a4 ,absolute *a/ity be+ a condition ( full spiritual developm5t1 is mo/ highly comm5d$2 b a m>riage to "o wife & fidelity to h] is recognis$ z a k9d ( *a/ity4 ,polygamy 0 c5sur$ by ! ,buddha z involv+ ignorance & promot+ lu/4 #bjf4 ,q4 ,9 :at disc\rse8 ,a4 ,! ,angutt>a ,nikaya1 ,*apt] iv1 #ee4 #bjg4 ,q4 ,:at does x tea* z to ! duty ( p>5ts to *ildr58 ,a4 ,!y %\ld re/ra9 !m f vice1 tra9 !m 9 virtue2 h !m taught arts & sci5ces2 provide !m ) suitable wives & husb&s1 & give !m _! inh]itance4 #bjh4 ,q4 ,:at is ! duty ( *ildr58 ,a4 ,to support _! p>5ts :5 old or ne$y2 p]=m family duties incumb5t on !m2 gu>d _! prop]ty2 make !mselves wor?y to be _! heirs1 & :5 !y are gone1 hon\r _! memory4 #bji4 ,q4 ,:at ( pupils to ! tea*]8 ,a4 ,to %[ him respect2 m9i/] to him2 obey him2 supply 8 wants2 att5d to 8 in/ruction4 #baj4 ,q4 ,:at ( husb& to wife8 ,a4 ,to *]i% h]2 treat h] ) respect & k9dness2 be fai?ful to h]2 cause h] to be hon\r$ by o!rs2 provide h] ) suitable ornam5ts & clo!s4 #baa4 ,q4 ,:at ( ! wife to h] husb&8 ,a4 ,to %[ affection to him2 ord] h] h\sehold aright2 be hospitable to gue/s2 be *a/e2 be ?rifty2 %[ skill & dilig5ce 9 all ?+s4 #bab4 ,q4 ,:]e are ^! precepts taught8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,sigalovada ,sutta4 #bac4 ,q4 ,d ri*es help a man to future happ9ess8 ,a4 ,! ,dhammapada says3 ,"o is ! road t leads to weal?1 ano!r ! road t leads to ,nirvana4 #bad4 ,q4 ,does t mean t no ri* man c atta9 ,nirvana8 ,a4 ,t dep5ds on :i* he loves mo/4 ,if he uses 8 weal? = ! b5efit ( mank9d--= ! suff]+1 ! oppress$1 ! ignorant--!n 8 weal? aids him to acquire m]it4 #bae4 ,q4 ,b if ! contr>y8 ,a4 ,b if he loves & gre$ily ho>ds money = ! sake ( its possession1 !n x weak5s 8 moral s5se1 prompts him to crime1 br+s curses ^u him 9 ?is life1 & _! effects are felt 9 ! next bir?4 #baf4 ,q4 ,:at says ! ,dhammapada ab\t ignorance8 ,a4 ,t x is a ta9t worse ?an all ta9ts t a man c put ^u himself4 #bag4 ,q4 ,:at does x say ab\t un*>itabl5ess t[>ds o!rs8 ,a4 ,t ! fault ( o!rs is easily p]ceiv$1 b t ( oneself difficult to p]ceive2 a man w9n[s 8 neighb\r's faults l *aff1 b 8 own fault he hides1 z a *eat hides ! bad die f ! gambl]4 #bah4 ,q4 ,:at advice does ! ,buddha give u z to man's duty to ! poor8 ,a4 ,he says t a man's net income %\ld be divid$ into f\r p>ts1 ( :i* "o %\ld be devot$ to philan?ropic objects4 #bai4 ,q4 ,:at five occupations are said to be l[ & base8 ,a4 ,sell+ liquor1 sell+ animals = slaught]1 sell+ poison1 sell+ murd]\s weapons1 & deal+ 9 slaves4 #bbj4 ,q4 ,:o are said to be incapable ( progress 9 spirituality8 ,a4 ,! kill]s ( fa!r1 "m1 & holy ,arhats2 ,bhikkhus :o s[ discord 9 ! ,sangha2 ^? :o attempt to injure ! p]son ( a ,buddha2 ^? :o hold extremely nihili/ic views z to ! future exi/5ce2 & ^? :o are extremely s5sual4 #aba4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism specify places or conditions ( torm5t into :i* a bad man's ,k>ma draws him on leav+ ?is life8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,!y are3 ,sanjiva2 ,kalasutra2 ,sanghata2 ,raurava2 ,maha-,raurava ,tapa2 ,pratapa2 ,avi*i4 #bbb4 ,q4 ,is ! torm5t et]nal8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,its duration dep5ds on a man's ,k>ma4 #bbc4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism decl>e t non-believ]s 9 ,buddha w ( necessity be damn$ = _! unbelief8 ,a4 ,no2 by good de$s !y may enjoy a limit$ t]m ( happ9ess be=e be+ drawn into rebir? by _! unexhau/$ tanha4 ,to escape rebir?1 "o mu/ tread ! ,noble ,eight-fold ,pa?4 #bbd4 ,q4 ,:at is ! spiritual /atus ( woman among ,buddhi/s8 ,a4 ,accord+ to our religion !y are on a foot+ ( p]fect equality ) m54 ,woman1 says ! ,buddha1 9 ! ,*ullav$alla ,sutta1 may atta9 ! highe/ pa? ( hol9ess t is op5 to man--,arhat%ip4 #bbe4 ,q4 ,:at does a mod]n critic say ab\t ! effect ( ,buddhism on woman8 ,a4 ,t x has done m = ! happ9ess & enfran*isem5t ( woman ?an any o!r cre$ 7,sir ,lepel ,griff974 #bbf4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,buddha tea* ab\t ca/e8 ,a4 ,t "o does n become ( any ca/e1 :e!r ,p>iah1 ! l[e/1 or ,brahmana ! highe/1 by bir?1 b by de$s4 ,by de$s1 said ,he1 "o becomes an outca/1 by de$s "o becomes a ,brahmana 7,see ,vassala ,sutta74 #bbg4 ,q4 ,tell me a /ory to illu/rate ?is8 ,a4 ,an&a1 pass+ by a well1 0 ?ir/y & ask$ ,prakrti1 a girl ( ! ,matanga1 or ,p>iah1 ca/e1 to give him wat]4 ,%e said %e 0 ( su* l[ ca/e t he w\ld become contam9at$ by tak+ wat] f h] h&4 ,b ,an&a repli$3 ,i ask n = ca/e b = wat]2 & ! ,matanga girl's he>t 0 glad & %e gave him to dr9k4 ,! ,buddha bless$ h] = x4 #bbh4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,buddha say 9 ,vasala ,sutta ab\t a man ( ! ,p>iah ,sopaka ca/e8 ,a4 ,t by 8 m]its he rea*$ ! highe/ fame2 t _m ,khattiyas 7,k%attriyas7 & ,brahmanas w5t to s]ve him2 & t aft] dea? he 0 born 9 ! ,brahma-_w3 :ile !re are _m ,brahmanas :o = _! evil de$s are born 9 hell4 #bbi4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism tea* ! immortality ( ! s\l8 ,a4 ,x consid]s s\l to be a ^w us$ by ! ignorant to express a false idea4 ,if ev]y?+ is subject to *ange1 !n man is includ$1 & e mat]ial "p ( him mu/ *ange4 ,t :i* is subject to *ange is n p]man5t3 s !re c be no immortal survival ( a *angeful ?+4#aj #bcj4 ,q4 ,:at is s objectionable 9 ?is ^w s\l8 ,a4 ,! idea associat$ ) x t man c be an entity sep>at$ f all o!r entities1 & f ! exi/5ce ( ! :ole ( ! ,univ]se4 ,?is idea ( sep>at5ess is unreasonable1 n provable by logic1 nor support$ by sci5ce4 #bca4 ,q4 ,!n !re is no sep>ate ,i1 nor c we say my ?is or t8 ,a4 ,exactly s4 #bcb4 ,q4 ,if ! idea ( a sep>ate human s\l is to be reject$1 :at is x 9 man :i* gives him ! impression ( hav+ a p]man5t p]sonality8 ,a4 ,tanha1 or ! unsatisfi$ desire = exi/5ce4 ,! be+ hav+ done t = :i* he mu/ be rew>d$ or puni%$ 9 future1 & hav+ ,tanha1 w h a rebir? ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,k>ma4 #bcc4 ,q4 ,:at is x t is born8 ,a4 ,a new aggregation ( ,sk&has1 or p]sonality#b caus$ by ! la/ g5]ative ?\ght ( ! dy+ p]son4 #bcd4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,sk&has are !re8 ,a4 ,five4 #bce4 ,q4 ,"n ! five ,sk&has8 ,a4 ,rupa1 ,v$ana1 ,saa1 ,samkhara1 & ,viana4 #bcf4 ,q4 ,briefly expla9 :at !y are8 ,a4 ,rupa1 mat]ial qualities2 ,v$ana1 s5sation2 ,saa1 ab/ract ideas2 ,samkhara1 t5d5cies ( m9d2 ,viana1 m5tal p[]s1 or consci\sness4 ,( ^! we are =m$2 by !m we are consci\s ( exi/5ce2 & ?r\gh !m communicate ) ! _w ab\t u4 #bcg4 ,q4 ,to :at cause mu/ we attribute ! diff]5ces 9 ! comb9ation ( ! five ,sk&has :i* make e individual diff] f e o!r individual8 ,a4 ,to ! rip5$ ,k>ma ( ! individual 9 8 prec$+ bir?s4 #bch4 ,q4 ,:at is ! =ce ( en]gy t is at "w1 "u ! guidance ( ,k>ma1 to produce ! new be+8 ,a4 ,tanha--! w to live4#ab #bci4 ,q4 ,^u :at is ! doctr9e ( rebir?s f\nd$8 ,a4 ,^u ! p]ception t p]fect ju/ice1 equilibrium & adju/m5t are inh]5t 9 ! univ]sal sy/em ( ,nature4 ,buddhi/s d n believe t "o life--ev5 ?\gh x 7 ext5d$ to "o hundr$ or five hundr$ ye>s--is long en\gh = ! rew>d or puni%m5t ( a man's de$s4 ,! great circle ( rebir?s w be m or less quickly run ?r\gh accord+ to ! prepond]at+ purity or impurity ( ! sev]al lives ( ! individual4 #bdj4 ,q4 ,is ?is new aggregation ( ,sk&has--?is new p]sonality--! same be+ z t 9 ! previ\s bir?1 ^: ,tanha has br\ght x into exi/5ce8 ,a4 ,9 "o s5se x is a new be+2 9 ano!r x is n4 ,9 ,pali x is--na*a s na*a ao :i* means n ! same nor yet ano!r4 ,dur+ ?is life ! ,sk&has are con/antly *ang+2#ac & :ile ! man ,a4 ,b41 ( =ty1 is id5tical1 z reg>ds p]sonality1 ) ! y\? ,a4 ,b41 ( eighte51 yet1 by ! cont9ual wa/e & rep>ation ( 8 body1 & *ange ( m9d & "*1 he is a diff]5t be+4 ,nev]!less1 ! man 9 8 old age ju/ly reaps ! rew>d ( suff]+ consequ5t ^u 8 ?\ghts & actions at e previ\s /age ( 8 life4 ,s ! new be+ ( a rebir?1 be+ ! same individuality z be=e1 b ) a *ang$ =m1 or new aggregation ( ,sk&has1 ju/ly reaps ! consequ5ces ( 8 actions & ?\ghts 9 ! previ\s exi/5ce4 #bda4 ,q4 ,b ! ag$ man rememb]s ! incid5ts ( 8 y\?1 despite 8 be+ physically & m5tally *ang$4 ,:y1 !n1 is n ! recollection ( pa/ lives br\ght ov] by u f our la/ bir?1 into ! pres5t bir?8 ,a4 ,because memory is includ$ )9 ! ,sk&has2 & ! ,sk&has hav+ *ang$ ) ! new re9c>nation1 a new memory1 ! record ( ( t p>ticul> exi/5ce1 develops4 ,yet ! record or reflection ( all ! pa/ e>?-lives mu/ survive2 =1 :5 ,pr9ce ,siddhar?a became ,buddha1 ! full sequ5ce ( 8 previ\s bir?s 0 se5 by him4 ,if _! sev]al incid5ts _h left no trace beh9d1 ?is c\ld n h be5 s1 z !re w\ld h be5 no?+ = him to see4 ,& any "o :o atta9s to ! f\r? /ate ( ,dhyana 7psy*ical insight7 c ?us retrospectively trace ! l9e ( 8 lives4 #bdb4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ultimate po9t t[>ds :i* t5d all ^! s]ies ( *anges 9 =m8 ,a4 ,nirvana4 #bdc4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism tea* t we %\ld d good ) ! view ( rea*+ ,nirvana8 ,a4 ,no2 t w\ld be z absolute selfi%ness z ?\gh ! rew>d hop$ = _h be5 money1 a ?rone1 or any o!r s5sual enjoym5t4 ,nirvana _c be s rea*$1 & ! unwise speculator is =$oom$ to disappo9tm5t4 #bdd4 ,q4 ,please make x a little cle>]8 ,a4 ,nirvana is ! synonym ( unselfi%ness1 ! entire surr5d] ( selfhood to tru?4 ,! ignorant man aspires to nirvanic happ9ess )\t ! lea/ idea ( its nature4 ,abs5ce ( selfi%ness is ,nirvana4 ,do+ good ) ! view to gett+ results1 or lead+ ! holy life ) ! object ( ga9+ heav5ly happ9ess1 is n ! ,noble ,life t ! ,buddha enjo9$4 ,)\t hope ( rew>d ! ,noble ,life %\ld be liv$1 & t is ! highe/ life4 ,! nirvanic /ate c be atta9$ :ile "o is liv+ on ?is e>?4 #bde4 ,q4 ,"n ! t5 great ob/acles to advancem5t1 call$ ,sanyojanas1 ! ,fett]s8 ,a4 ,delusion ( self 7,sakkaya-dit?i72 ,d\bt 7,vicikic*a72 ,dep5d5ce on sup]/iti\s rites 7,silabbata-p>amasa72 ,s5suality1 bodily passions 7,kama72 ,hatr$1 ill-feel+ 7,patigha72 ,love ( life on e>? 7,rup>aga72 ,desire = life 9 a heav5 7,arup>aga72 ,pride 7,mana72 ,self-righte\sness 7,uddhacca72 ,ignorance 7,avijja74 #bdf4 ,q4 ,to become an ,arhat1 h[ _m ( ^! fett]s mu/ be brok58 ,a4 ,all4 #bdg4 ,q4 ,:at are ! five ,nirwaranas or ,h9drances8 ,a4 ,gre$1 ,malice1 ,slo?1 ,pride1 & ,d\bt4 #bdh4 ,q4 ,:y d we see ?is m9ute division ( feel+s1 impulses1 work+s ( ! m9d1 ob/acles & aids to advancem5t s mu* us$ 9 ! ,buddha's tea*+s8 ,x is v confus+ to a beg9n]4 ,a4 ,x is to help u to obta9 k ( ourselves1 by tra9+ our m9ds to ?9k out e subject 9 detail4 ,by foll[+ out ?is sy/em ( self-exam9ation1 we come f9ally to acquire k & see tru? z x is4 ,?is is ! c\rse tak5 by e wise tea*] to help 8 pupil's m9d to develop4 #bdi4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ( ! ,buddha's disciples 7 specially r5[n$ = _! sup]ior qualities8 ,a4 ,!re are eighty s di/+ui%$4 ,!y are call$ ! ,ziti ,maha ,savakas4 #bej4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,buddha's wisdom embrace8 ,a4 ,he knew ! nature ( ! ,kn[able & ! ,unkn[able1 ! ,possible & ! ,impossible1 ! cause ( ,m]it & ,dem]it2 he c\ld read ! ?\ghts ( all be+s2 he knew ! laws ( ,nature1 ! illusions ( ! s5ses & ! means to suppress desires2 he c\ld di/+ui% ! bir? & rebir? ( individuals1 & o!r ?+s4 #bea4 ,q4 ,:at d we call ! basic pr9ciple on :i* ! :ole ( ! ,buddha's tea*+ is con/ruct$8 ,a4 ,x is call$ ,paticca ,samuppada4#ad #beb4 ,q4 ,is x easily grasp$8 ,a4 ,x is mo/ difficult2 9 fact1 ! full mean+ & ext5t ( x is beyond ! capacity ( su* z are n p]fectly develop$4 #bec4 ,q4 ,:at said ! great comm5tator ,buddha ,gho%a ab\t x8 ,a4 ,t ev5 he 0 z helpless 9 ?is va/ ocean ( ?\ght z "o :o is drift+ on ! ocean ( wat]s4 #bed4 ,q4 ,!n :y %\ld ! ,buddha say1 9 ! ,p>9ibbana ,sutta1 t he has no su* ?+ z ! clos$ fi/ ( a tea*]1 :o keeps some?+ back8 ,if 8 :ole tea*+ 0 op5 to e "o's compreh5sion :y %\ld s great & le>n$ a man z ,buddha ,gho%a decl>e x s h>d to und]/&8 ,a4 ,! ,buddha evid5tly meant t he taught ev]y?+ freely2 b equally c]ta9 is x t ! real basis ( ! ,dh>ma c only be und]/ood by him :o has p]fect$ 8 p[]s ( compreh5sion4 ,x is1 !re=e1 incompreh5sible to common1 un5light5$ p]sons4 #bee4 ,q4 ,h[ does ! tea*+ ( ! ,buddha support ?is view8 ,a4 ,! ,buddha look$ into ! he>t ( ea* p]son1 & prea*$ to suit ! individual temp]am5t & spiritual developm5t ( ! he>]4 #a ,mr4 ,*ild]s takes a highly pessimi/ic view ( ! ,nirvanic /ate1 reg>d+ x z annihilation4 ,lat] /ud5ts disagree ) him4 #b ,s>anam4 ,wijes9ha ,mudali> writes me3 ,?is ^w has be5 hi!rto v inappropriately & errone\sly r5d]$ ,refuge1 by ,european ,pali s*ol>s1 & ?\ghtlessly s accept$ by native ,pali s*ol>s4 ,nei!r ,pali etymology nor ,buddhi/ic philosophy ju/ifies ! translation4 ,refuge1 9 ! s5se ( a flee+ back or a place ( %elt]1 is q =eign to true ,buddhism1 :i* insi/s on e man work+ out 8 own emancipation4 ,! root ,sr 9 ,samskrt 7s>a 9 ,pali7 means to move1 to g2 s t ,suranim w\ld d5ote a mov+1 or he or t :i* goes be=e or ) ano!r--a ,guide or ,help]4 ,i con/rue ! passage ?us3 ,ga**ami1 ,i g1 ,buddham1 to ,buddha ,s>anam1 z my ,guide4 ,! translation ( ! ,tis>ana z ! ,?ree ,refuges1 has giv5 rise to mu* misappreh5sion1 & has be5 made by anti-,buddhi/s a f]tile pretext = taunt+ ,buddhi/s ) ! absurdity ( tak+ refuge 9 non-entities & believ+ 9 unrealities4 ,! t]m refuge is m applicable to ,nirvana1 ( :i* ,s>anam is a synonym4 ,! ,high ,prie/ ,sumangala also calls my att5tion to ! fact t ! ,pali root ,s>a has ! second>y mean+ ( kill+1 or t :i* de/roys4 ,buddham s>anam ga**hami might ?us be r5d]$ ,i g to ,buddha1 ! ,law1 & ! ,ord]1 z ! de/roy]s ( my fe>s--! fir/ by 8 prea*+1 ! second by its axiomatic tru?1 ! ?ird by _! v>i\s examples & precepts4 #c ,?is qualifi$ =m ref]s1 ( c\rse1 to laym5 :o only pr(ess to keep five precepts2 a ,bhikkhu mu/ obs]ve /rict celibacy4 ,s1 also1 mu/ ! laic :o b9ds himself to obs]ve eight ( ! :ole t5 ,precepts = specifi$ p]iods2 dur+ ^! p]iods he mu/ be celibate4 ,! five ,precepts 7 laid d[n by ,buddha = all p4 ,?\gh "o may n be a ,buddhi/1 yet ! five & eight ,precepts may pr(itably bo obs]v$ by all4 ,x is ! tak+ ( ! ,?ree ,refuges t con/itutes "o a ,buddhi/4 #d ,k>ma is def9$ z ! sum total ( a man's actions4 ,! law ( ,cause & ,effect is call$ ! ,patice a ,samuppada ,dhamma4 ,9 ! ,angutt>a ,nikaya ! ,buddha tea*es t my action is my possession1 my action is my inh]itance1 my action is ! womb :i* be>s me1 my action is my relative1 my action is my refuge4 #e ,aft] ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ edition1 ,i receiv$ f "o ( ! able/ ,pali s*ol>s ( ,ceylon1 ! late ,l4 ,corneille ,wijes9ha1 ,esq41 ,mudali> ( ,matale1 :at seems a bett] r5d]+ ( ,dhammacakka-ppavattana ?an ! "o previ\sly giv52 he makes x ,! ,e/abli%m5t ( ! ,reign ( ,law4 ,pr(essor ,rhys-,davids pref]s1 ,! ,f\ndation ( ! ,k+dom ( ,righte\sness4 ,mr4 ,wijes9ha writes me3 ,y may use ',k+dom ( ,righte\sness1' too1 b x sav\rs m ( dogmatic !ology ?an ( philosophic e?ics4 ,dhammacakkappavattana suttum is ! disc\rse entitl$ ',! ,e/abli%m5t ( ! ,reign ( ,law'4 ,hav+ %[n ?is to ! ,high ,prie/1 ,i am happy to be able to say t he ass5ts to ,mr4 ,wijes9ha's r5d]+4 #f ,! mix+ ( ^! arts & practices ) ,buddhism is a sign ( det]ioration4 ,_! facts & ph5om5a are real & capable ( sci5tific explanation4 ,!y are embrac$ 9 ! t]m magic1 b :5 resort$ to1 = selfi% purposes1 attract bad influ5ces ab\t "o1 & imp$e spiritual advancem5t4 ,:5 employ$ = h>mless & b5efic5t purposes1 su* z heal+ ! sick1 sav+ life1 etc41 ! ,buddha p]mitt$ _! use4 #g ,a ,buddhi/ ascetic :o1 by a prescrib$ c\rse ( practice1 has atta9$ to a sup]ior /ate ( spiritual & intellectual developm5t4 ,arhats may be divid$ into ! two g5]al gr\ps ( ! ,sama?ayanika & ,sukkha ,vipassaka4 ,! =m] h de/roy$ _! passions1 & fully develop$ _! intellectual capacity or my/ical insight2 ! latt] h equally conqu]$ passion1 b n acquir$ ! sup]ior m5tal p[]s4 ,! =m] c "w ph5om5a1 ! latt] _c4 ,! ,arhat ( ! =m] class1 :5 fully develop$1 is no long] a prey to ! delusions ( ! s5ses1 nor ! slave ( passion or mortal frailty4 ,he p5etrates to ! root ( :atsoev] subject 8 m9d is appli$ to )\t foll[+ ! sl[ processes ( reason+4 ,8 self-conque/ is complete2 & 9 place ( ! emotion & desire :i* vex & en?ral ! ord9>y man1 he is lift$ up into a condition :i* is be/ express$ 9 ! t]m ,nirvanic4 ,!re is 9 ,ceylon a popul> misconception t ! atta9m5t ( ,arhat%ip is n[ impossible2 t ! ,buddha _h himself prophesi$ t ! p[] w\ld die out 9 "o mill5nium aft] 8 dea?4 ,?is rum\r--& ! simil> "o t is ev]y:]e he>d 9 ,india1 viz41 t ?is be+ ! d>k cycle ( ! ,kali ,yuga1 ! practice ( ,yoga ,vidya1 or sublime spiritual sci5ce1 is impossible--,i ascribe to ! +5uity ( ^? :o %\ld be z pure & 7to use a non-,buddhi/ic b v conv5i5t t]m7 psy*ically wise z 7 _! pr$ecessors1 b are n1 & :o !re=e seek an excuse6 ,! ,buddha taught q ! contr>y idea4 ,9 ! ,niga ,nikaya he said3 ,he>1 ,subbhadra6 ,! _w w nev] be )\t ,arhats if ! ascetics 7,bhikkhus7 9 my congregations well & truly keep my precepts4 7,imec*a ,subhaddabhikkhu samma vih>eiyum asunno loko ,arahantehiassa47 #h ,kolb1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,culture1 says3 ,x is ,buddhism we h to ?ank = ! sp>+ ( prison]s ( w>1 :o h]et(ore _h be5 sla92 also = ! discont9uance ( ! c>ry+ away into captivity ( ! inhabitants ( conqu]$ l&s4 #i ,! fif? ,sila has ref]5ce to ! m]e tak+ ( intoxicants & /upefy+ drugs1 :i* leads ultimately to drunk5ness4 #aj ,! s\l "h criticis$ is ! equival5t ( ! ,greek psu*e4 ,! ^w mat]ial cov]s o!r /ates ( matt] ?an t ( ! physical body4 #aa ,^u reflection1 ,i h sub/itut$ p]sonality = individuality z writt5 9 ! fir/ edition4 ,! successive appe>ances ^u "o or _m e>?s1 or desc5ts into g5]ation1 ( ! tanhaically-coh]5t p>ts 7,sk&has7 ( a c]ta9 be+ are a succession ( p]sonalities4 ,9 ea* bir? ! p]sonality diff]s f t ( ! previ\s1 or next succe$+ bir?4 ,k>ma ! deus ex ma*9a1 masks 7or %all we say reflects87 itself1 n[ 9 ! p]sonality ( a sage1 aga9 z an artisan1 & s on ?r\gh\t ! /r+ ( bir?s4 ,b ?\gh p]sonalities ev] %ift1 ! "o l9e ( life along :i* !y are /rung l beads1 runs unbrok51 x is ev] t p>ticul> l9e1 nev] any o!r4 ,x is !re=e individual--an individual vital undulation--:i* is c>e]+ ?r\gh ! objective side ( ,nature1 "u ! impulse ( ,k>ma & ! creative direction ( ,tanha & p]si/s ?r\gh _m cyclic *anges4 ,pr(essor ,rhys-,davids calls t :i* passes f p]sonality to p]sonality along ! individual *a91 "* or do+4 ,s9ce "* is n a m]e metaphysical ab/raction1 b ! sum ( "o's m5tal qualities & moral prop5sities1 w\ld x n help to dispel :at ,pr(essor ,rhys-,davids calls ! desp]ate exp$i5t ( a my/]y 7,buddhism1 p4 #aja71 if we reg>d$ ! life-undulation z individuality & ea* ( its s]ies ( natal manife/ations z a sep>ate p]sonality8 ,we mu/ h two words to di/+ui% betwe5 ! concepts1 & ,i f9d none s cle> & expressive z ! two ,i h *os54 ,! p]fect$ individual1 ,buddhi/ically speak+1 is a ,buddha1 ,i %\ld say2 = a ,buddha is b ! r>e fl[] ( humanity1 )\t ! lea/ sup]natural admixture4 ,&1 z c\ntless g5]ations--f\r asankhyyas & a hundr$ ?\s& cycles 7,fausboll & ,rhys-,david's ,buddhi/ ,bir? ,/ories1 ,no4 #ac7--;are requir$ to develop a man into a ,buddha1 & ! iron w to become "o runs ?r\gh\t all ! successive bir?s1 :at %all we call t :i* ?us wills & p]sev]es8 ,"*1 or individuality8 ,an individuality1 b p>tly manife/$ 9 any "o bir?1 built up ( fragm5ts f all ! bir?s4 ,! d5ial ( ,s\l by ,buddha 7see ,sanyutta ,nikaya1 ! ,sutta ,pitaka7 po9ts to ! preval5t delusive belief 9 an indep5d5t p]sonality2 an entity1 :i* aft] "o bir? w\ld g to a fix$ place or /ate :]e1 z a p]fect entity1 x c\ld et]nally enjoy or suff]4 ,& :at he %[s is t ! ,i am ,i consci\sness is1 z reg>ds p]man5cy1 logically impossible1 s9ce its elem5t>y con/itu5ts con/antly *ange & ! ,i ( "o bir? diff]s f ! ,i ( e o!r bir?4 ,b ev]y?+ t ,i h f\nd 9 ,buddhism accords ) ! !ory ( a gradual evolution ( ! p]fect$ man--viz41 a ,buddha--?r\gh numb]less natal exp]i5ces4 ,& 9 ! consci\sness ( t individual :o1 at ! end ( a giv5 *a9 ( bir?s1 atta9s ,buddhahood1 or :o succe$s 9 atta9+ ! f\r? /age ( ,dhyana1 or my/ic self-developm5t1 9 any ( 8 bir?s ant]ior to ! f9al "o1 ! sc5es ( all ^! s]ial bir?s are p]ceptible4 ,9 ! ,jatakat-?avannana--s well translat$ by ,pr(essor ,rhys-,davids--an expression cont9ually recurs :i*1 ,i ?9k1 r supports su* an idea1 viz43 ,!n ! ,bless$ ,"o made manife/ an occurr5ce hidd5 by *ange ( bir?1 or t :i* _h be5 hidd5 by1 etc4 ,e>ly ,buddhism !n cle>ly held to a p]man5cy ( records 9 ! ,aka%a1 & ! pot5tial capacity ( man to read ! same :5 he has evolv$ to ! /age ( true individual enlight5m5t4 ,at dea?1 & 9 convulsions & trance1 ! javana *itta is transf]r$ to ! object la/ creat$ by ! desires4 ,! w to live br+s all ?\ghts into objectivity4 #ab ,! /ud5t may pr(itably consult ,s*op5hau] 9 ?is connection4 ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau]1 a mod]n ,g]man philosoph] ( ! mo/ em95t ability1 taught t ! ,pr9ciple or ,radical1 ( ,nature1 & ( all h] objects1 ! human body includ$1 is1 intr9sically :at we ourselves are ! mo/ consci\s ( 9 our own body1 viz41 ,w4 ,intellect is a second>y capacity ( ! prim>y w1 a function ( ! bra9 9 :i* ?is w reflects itself z ,nature & object & body1 z 9 a mirror444 ,intellect is second>y1 b may lead1 9 sa9ts1 to a complete r5unciation ( w1 z f> z x urges life & is !n ext+ui%$ 9 ,nirvana 7,l4 ,a4 ,s&]s 9 ,! ,!osophi/ = ,may #ahhb1 p4 #bac74 #ac ,physiologically speak+1 man's body is completely *ang$ e sev5 ye>s4 #ad ,?is fundam5tal or basic pr9ciple may be designat$ 9 ,pali1 ,nidana--*a9 ( causation or1 lit]ally1 ,orig9ation ( dep5d5ce4 ,twelve ,nidanas are specifi$1 viz43 ,avijja--ignorance ( ! tru? ( natural religion2 ,samkhara--causal action1 k>ma2 ,viana--consci\sness ( p]sonality1 ! ,i am ,i2 ,nama rupa--"n & =m2 ,salayatana--six s5ses2 ,phassa--contact1 ,v$ana--feel+1 ,tanha--desire = enjoym5t2 ,upadana--cl++1 ,bhava--individualis+ exi/5ce2 ,jati--bir?1 ca/e2 ,j>a1 n>ana1 sokap>idesa1 dukkha1 domanassa1 upayasa--decay1 dea?1 grief1 lam5tation1 despair4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,sangha #bef4 ,q4 ,h[ d ,buddhi/ ,bhikkhus diff] f ! prie/s ( o!r religions8 ,a4 ,9 o!r religions ! prie/s claim to be int]cessors betwe5 m5 & ,god1 to help to obta9 p>don ( s9s2 ! ,buddhi/ ,bhikkhus d n ackn[l$ge or expect any?+ f a div9e p[]4 #beg4 ,q4 ,b :y !n 0 x wor? :ile to create ?is ,ord]1 or ,bro!rhood1 or ,society1 ap>t f ! :ole body ( ! p1 if !y 7 n to d :at o!r religi\s ord]s d8 ,a4 ,! object 9 view 0 to cause ! mo/ virtu\s1 intellig5t1 unselfi% & spiritually-m9d$ p]sons to )draw f ! social surr\nd+s :]e _! s5sual & o!r selfi% desires 7 naturally /r5g!n$1 devote _! lives to ! acquisition ( ! highe/ wisdom1 & fit !mselves to tea* & guide o!rs out ( ! pleasant pa? lead+ t[>ds mis]y1 into ! h>d] pa? t leads to true happ9ess & f9al lib]ation4 #beh4 ,q4 ,besides ! ,eight1 :at two additional obs]vances are obligatory ^u ! ,bhikkhus8 ,a4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f danc+1 s++ & unbecom+ %[s4 ,i obs]ve ! precept to ab/a9 f receiv+ gold or silv]4 ,! :ole ,dasa1 or ,bhikkhu ,sila or ,t5 ,precepts1 are b9d+ on all ,bhikkhus & ,saman]as1 or novices1 b optional ) lay devotees4 ,! ,at?anga ,sila are = ^? :o aspire to high] /ages beyond ! heav5ly regions1#a aspirants aft] ,nirvana4 #bei4 ,q4 ,are !re sep>ate ,rules & ,precepts = ! guidance & discipl9e ( ! ,ord]8 ,a4 ,yes3 !re are #bej1 b all come "u ! foll[+ f\r heads3 ,pr9cipal ,discipl9>y ,rules ,patimokkha ,samv>a ,sila74 ,obs]vances = ! repression ( ! s5ses 7,indriya ,samv>a ,sila74 ,regulations = ju/ly procur+ & us+ food1 diet1 robes1 etc41 7,paccaya ,sannissita ,sila74 ,directions = lead+ an unblemi%$ life 7,ajivap>i ,suddha ,sila74 #bfj4 ,q4 ,enum]ate "s crimes & (f5ces t ,bhikkhus are p>ticul>ly prohibit$ f committ+8 ,a4 ,real ,bhikkhus ab/a9 f3 ,de/roy+ ! life ( be+s2 ,/eal+2 ,false exhibition ( occult p[]s to deceive anybody2 ,sexual int]c\rse2 ,falsehood2 ,! use ( intoxicat+ liquors1 & eat+ at unseasonable times2 ,danc+1 s++1 & unbecom+ %[s2 ,us+ g>l&s1 sc5ts1 p]fumes1 etc42 ,us+ high & broad b$s1 c\*es1 or seats2 receiv+ pres5ts ( gold1 silv]1 raw gra9 & meat1 wom51 & maid5s1 slaves1 cattle1 elephants1 etc42 ,defam+2 ,us+ h>% & reproa*ful language2 ,idle talk2 ,read+ & he>+ fabul\s /ories & tales2 ,c>ry+ messages to & f laym52 ,buy+ & sell+2 ,*eat+1 brib+1 deception1 & fraud2 ,imprison+1 plund]+1 & ?reat5+ o!rs2 ,! practice ( c]ta9 specifi$ magical arts & sci5ces1 su* z =tune-tell+1 a/rological pr$ictions1 palmi/ry1 & o!r sci5ces1 t g "u ! "n ( magic4 ,any ( ^! w\ld ret>d ! progress ( "o :o aim$ at ! atta9m5t ( ,nirvana4 #bfa4 ,q4 ,:at are ! duties ( ,bhikkhus to ! laity8 ,a4 ,g5]ally1 to set !m an example ( ! highe/ morality2 to tea* & in/ruct !m2 to prea* & exp\nd ! ,law2 to recite ! ,p>itta 7com=t+ texts7 to ! sick1 & publicly 9 times ( public calamity1 :5 reque/$ to d s2 & unceas+ly to exhort ! p to virtu\s actions4 ,!y %\ld dissuade !m f vice2 be compassionate & t5d]-he>t$1 & seek to promote ! welf>e ( all be+s4 #bfb4 ,q4 ,:at are ! rules = admission into ! ,ord]8 ,a4 ,! c&idate is n (t5 tak5 be=e 8 t5? ye>2 he mu/ h ! cons5t ( 8 p>5ts2 be free f leprosy1 boils1 consumption & fits2 be a free man2 h no debts2 & mu/ n be a crim9al or de=m$ or 9 ! royal s]vice4 #bfc4 ,q4 ,z a novice :at is he call$8 ,a4 ,saman]a1 a pupil4#b #bfd4 ,q4 ,at :at age c a ,saman]a be orda9$ z ,sramana--monk8 ,a4 ,n be=e 8 tw5tie? ye>4 #bfe4 ,q4 ,:5 ready = ord9ation :at happ5s8 ,a4 ,at a meet+ ( ,bhikkhus he is pres5t$ by a ,bhikkhu z 8 propos]1 :o reports t he is qualifi$1 & ! c&idate says3 ,i ask ! ,sangha1 ,rev]5d ,sirs1 = ! ,upasampada 7ord9ation7 c]emony1 etc4 ,8 introduc] !n recomm5ds t he be admitt$4 ,he is !n accept$4 #bff4 ,q4 ,:at !n8 ,a4 ,he puts on ! robes & repeats ! ,?ree ,refuges ,tis>ana7 & ,t5 ,precepts 7,dasa ,sila47 #bfg4 ,q4 ,:at are ! two ess5tials to be obs]v$8 ,a4 ,pov]ty & ,*a/ity4 ,a ,bhikkhu be=e ord9ation mu/ possess eight ?+s1 viz41 8 robes1 a girdle = 8 lo9s1 a begg+-b[l1 wat]-/ra9]1 razor1 ne$le1 fan1 s&als4 ,)9 limitations /rictly specifi$ 9 ! ,v9aya1 he may hold c]ta9 o!r prop]ties4 #bfh4 ,q4 ,:at ab\t ! public confession ( faults8 ,a4 ,once e =tnight1 a ,patimokka 7,disburd5m5t7 c]emony is p]=m$1 :5 e ,bhikkhu confesses to ! assembly su* faults z he has committ$ & takes su* p5ances z may be prescrib$4 #bfi4 ,q4 ,:at daily r\t9e mu/ he foll[8 ,a4 ,he rises be=e daylight1 wa%es1 sweeps ! vihara1 sweeps ar\nd ! ,bo-tree t gr[s ne> e vihara1 br+s ! dr9k+-wat] = ! day & filt]s x2 retires = m$itation1 (f]s fl[]s be=e ! dagoba1 or relic-m\nd1 or be=e ! ,bo-tree2 !n takes 8 begg+-b[l & goes f h\se to h\se collect+ food--:i* he mu/ n ask =1 b receive 9 8 b[l z giv5 volunt>ily by ! h\sehold]s4 ,he returns1 ba!s 8 feet & eats1 aft] :i* he resumes m$itation4 #bgj4 ,q4 ,mu/ we believe t !re is no m]it 9 ! (f]+ ( fl[]s 7mala puja7 z an act ( wor%ip8 ,a4 ,t act itself is )\t m]it z a m]e =mality2 b if "o (f]s a fl[] z ! sweete/1 pure/ expression ( he>tfelt rev]5ce = a holy be+1 !n1 inde$1 is ! (f]+ an act ( ennobl+ wor%ip4 #bga4 ,q4 ,:at next does ! ,bhikkhu d8 ,a4 ,he pursues 8 /udies4 ,at sunset he aga9 sweeps ! sacr$ places1 lights a lamp1 li/5s to ! in/ructions ( 8 sup]ior1 & confesses to him any fault he may h committ$4 #bgb4 ,q4 ,^u :at are 8 f\r e>ne/ m$itations 7,sati-pat?ana7 made8 ,a4 #a4 ,on ! body1 ,kayanapassana4 #b4 ,on ! feel+1 ,v$ananupassana4 #c4 ,on ! m9d1 ,*ittannpassana4 #d4 ,on ! doctr9e1 ,dhammanupassana4 #bgc4 ,q4 ,:at is ! aim ( ! f\r ,great ,ef=ts 7,sammappadhana78 ,a4 ,to suppress "o's animal desires & gr[ 9 goodness4 #bgd4 ,q4 ,= ! p]ception by ! ,bhikkhu ( ! highe/ tru?1 is reason said to be ! be/1 or intuition8 ,a4 ,intuition--a m5tal /ate 9 :i* any desir$ tru? is in/antane\sly grasp$4 #bge4 ,q4 ,& :5 c t developm5t be rea*$8 ,a4 ,:5 "o1 by ! practice ( ,jana1 comes to its f\r? /age ( unfold+4 #bgf4 ,q4 ,are we to believe t 9 ! f9al /age ( ,jana1 & 9 ! condition call$ ,samadhi1 ! m9d is a blank & ?\ght is arre/$8 ,a4 ,q ! contr>y4 ,x is !n t "o's consci\sness is mo/ int5sely active1 & "o's p[] to ga9 k correspond+ly va/4 #bgg4 ,q4 ,try to give me a simile8 ,a4 ,9 ! ord9>y wak+ /ate "o's view ( k is z limit$ z ! sight ( a man :o walks on a road betwe5 high hills2 9 ! high] consci\sness ( ,jana & ,samadhi x is l ! sight ( ! eagle pois$ 9 ! upp] sky & ov]look+ a :ole c\ntry4 #bgh4 ,q4 ,:at d our books say ab\t ! ,buddha's use ( ?is faculty8 ,a4 ,!y tell u t x 0 8 cu/om1 e morn+1 to glance ov] ! _w &1 by 8 div9e 7clairvoyant7 sight1 see :]e !re 7 p]sons ready to receive ! tru?4 ,he w\ld !n contrive1 if possible1 t x %\ld rea* !m4 ,:5 p]sons visit$ him he w\ld look into _! m9ds1 read _! secret motives1 & !n prea* to !m accord+ to _! ne$s4 #a ,! ,upasaka & ,upasika obs]ve ^! on ! ,buddhi/ ,uposa?a 7,sabba?7 days 79 ,skr4 ,upavasata74 ,!y are ! #h?1 #ad? & #ae? days ( ea* half lun> mon?4 #b ,! relation%ip to 8 ,guru1 or tea*]1 is almo/ l t ( godson to godfa!r among ,*ri/ians1 only m real1 = ! tea*] becomes fa!r1 "m1 family & all to him4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,spread ,,( ,,buddhism #bgi4 ,q4 ,z reg>ds ! numb] its foll[]s1 h[ does ,buddhism at ?is date comp>e ) ! o!r *ief religions8 ,a4 ,! foll[]s ( ! ,buddha ,dh>ma outnumb] ^? ( e o!r religion4 #bhj4 ,q4 ,:at is ! e/imat$ numb]8 ,a4 ,ab\t five hundr$ millions 7#e1jjj lakhs or #ejj crores73 ?is is five-?irte5?s1 or n q half1 ( ! e/imat$ population ( ! globe4 #bha4 ,q4 ,h _m great battles be5 f\ght & _m c\ntries conqu]$2 has mu* human blood be5 spilt to spread ! ,buddha ,dh>ma8 ,a4 ,hi/ory does n record "o ( ^? cruelties & crimes z hav+ be5 committ$ to propagate our religion4 ,s f> z we "k1 x has n caus$ ! spill+ ( a drop ( blood4 7,see footnote ante--,pr(essor ,kolb's te/imony47 #bhb4 ,q4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! secret ( its wond]ful spread8 ,a4 ,x c be no?+ else ?an its intr9sic excell5ce3 its self-evid5t basis ( tru?1 its sublime moral tea*+1 & its suffici5cy = all human ne$s4 #bhc4 ,q4 ,h[ has x be5 propagat$8 ,a4 ,! ,buddha1 dur+ ! =ty-five ye>s ( 8 life z a ,tea*]1 travell$ widely 9 ,india & prea*$ ! ,dh>ma4 ,he s5t 8 wise/ & be/ disciples to d ! same ?r\gh\t ,india4 #bhd4 ,q4 ,:5 did ,he s5d = 8 pione] mission>ies8 ,a4 ,on ! full-moon day ( ! mon? ,wap 7,octob]74 #bhe4 ,q4 ,:at did he tell !m8 ,a4 ,he call$ !m toge!r & said3 ,g =?1 ,bhikkhus1 g & prea* ! law to ! _w4 ,"w = ! good ( o!rs z well z = y\r own4444 ,be> ye ! glad tid+s to e man4 ,let no two ( y take ! same way4 #bhf4 ,q4 ,h[ long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era did ?is happ58 ,a4 ,ab\t six c5turies4 #bhg4 ,q4 ,:at help did ,k+s give8 ,a4 ,besides ! l[] classes1 great ,k+s1 ,rajas & ,maharajas 7 conv]t$ & gave _! influ5ce to spread ! religion4 #bhh4 ,q4 ,:at ab\t pilgrims8 ,a4 ,le>n$ pilgrims came 9 diff]5t c5turies to ,india & c>ri$ back ) !m books & tea*+s to _! native l&s4 ,s1 gradually1 :ole nations =sook _! own fai?s & became ,buddhi/s4 #bhi4 ,q4 ,to :om1 m ?an to any o!r p]son1 is ! _w indebt$ = ! p]man5t e/abli%m5t ( ,buddha's religion8 ,a4 ,to ! ,emp]or ,a%oka1 surnam$ ! ,great1 sometimes ,piyadasi1 sometimes ,dh>ma%oka4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,b9dusara1 ,k+ ( ,magadha1 arid gr&son ( ,*&ragupta1 :o drove ! ,greeks out ( ,india4 #bij4 ,q4 ,:5 did he reign8 ,a4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c41 ab\t two c5turies aft] ! ,buddha's "t4 ,hi/orians disagree z to 8 exact date1 b n v greatly4 #bia4 ,q4 ,:at made him great8 ,a4 ,he 0 ! mo/ p[]ful mon>* 9 ,indian hi/ory1 z w>rior & z /atesman2 b 8 noble/ *>act]i/ics 7 8 love ( tru? & ju/ice1 tol]ance ( religi\s diff]5ces1 equity ( gov]nm5t1 k9dness to ! sick1 to ! poor1 & to animals4 ,8 "n is rev]$ f ,sib]ia to ,ceylon4 #bib4 ,q4 ,0 he born a ,buddhi/8 ,a4 ,no1 he 0 conv]t$ 9 ! t5? ye> aft] 8 ano9tm5t z ,k+1 by ,nigrodha ,saman]a1 an ,arhat4 #bic4 ,q4 ,:at did he d = ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,he drove out bad ,bhikkhus1 enc\rag$ good ones1 built mona/]ies & dagobas ev]y:]e1 e/abli%$ g>d5s1 op5$ hospitals = m5 & animals1 conv5$ a c\ncil at ,patna to revise & re-e/abli% ! ,dh>ma1 promot$ female religi\s education1 & s5t embassies to five ,greek k+s1 8 allies1 & to all ! sov]eigns ( ,india1 to prea* ! doctr9es ( ! ,buddha4 ,x 0 he :o built ! monum5ts at ,kapilava/u1 ,buddha ,gaya1 ,isipatana & ,kus9ara1 our f\r *ief places ( pilgrimage1 besides ?\s&s m4 #bid4 ,q4 ,:at absolute pro(s exi/ z to 8 noble "*8 ,a4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s !re h be5 discov]$1 9 all p>ts ( ,india1 f\rte5 ,edicts ( 81 inscrib$ on liv+ rocks1 & eight on pill>s erect$ by 8 ord]s4 ,!y fully prove him to h be5 "o ( ! wise/ & mo/ high-m9d$ sov]eigns :o ev] liv$4 #bi4e4 ,q4 ,:at "* d ^! inscriptions give to ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,!y %[ x to be a religion ( noble tol]ance1 ( univ]sal bro!rhood1 ( righte\sness & ju/ice4 ,x has no ta9t ( selfi%ness1 sect>ianism or intol]ance4 ,!y h done m ?an any?+ else to w9 = x ! respect 9 :i* x is n[ held by ! great p&its ( we/]n c\ntries4 #bif4 ,q4 ,:at mo/ preci\s gift did ,dh>ma%oka make to ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,he gave 8 belov$ son1 ,mah9da1 & daught]1 ,sanghamitta1 to ! ,ord]1 & s5t !m to ,ceylon to introduce ! religion4 #big4 ,q4 ,is ?is fact record$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,ceylon8 ,a4 ,yes1 x is all record$ 9 ! ,mahavansa1 by ! keep]s ( ! royal records1 :o 7 !n liv+ & saw ! mission>ies4 #bih4 ,q4 ,is !re "s pro( ( ,sanghamitta's mission /ill visible8 ,a4 ,yes2 %e br\ght ) h] to ,ceylon a bran* ( ! v ,bodhi tree "u :i* ! ,buddha sat :5 he became ,enlight5$1 & x is /ill gr[+4 #bii4 ,q4 ,:]e8 ,a4 ,at ,annradhapura4 ,! hi/ory ( x has be5 (ficially pres]v$ to ! pres5t "t4 ,plant$ 9 #cjf ,b4,c41 x is ! olde/ hi/orical tree 9 ! _w4 #cjj4 ,q4 ,:o 0 ! reign+ sov]eign at t "t8 ,a4 ,devanampiyatissa4 ,8 consort1 ,que5 ,anula1 _h invit$ ,sanghamitta to come & e/abli% ! ,bhikkhuni bran* ( ! ,ord]4 #cja4 ,q4 ,:o came ) ,sanghamitta8 ,a4 ,_m o!r ,bhikkhunis4 ,%e1 9 due "t1 admitt$ ! ,que5 & _m ( h] ladies1 toge!r ) five hundr$ virg9s1 into ! ,ord]4 #cjb4 ,q4 ,c we trace ! effects ( ! =eign "w ( ! ,emp]or ,a%oka's mission>ies8 ,a4 ,8 son & daught] introduc$ ,buddhism into ,ceylon3 8 monks gave x to ! :ole ( ,nor!rn ,india1 to f\rte5 ,indian nations outside its b\nd>ies1 & to five ,greek k+s1 8 allies1 ) :om he made treaties to admit 8 religi\s prea*]s4 #cjc4 ,q4 ,c y "n !m8 ,a4 ,,antio*us ( ,syria1 ,,ptolemy ( ,egypt1 ,,antigonus ( ,mac$on1 ,,m>gas ( ,cyr5e1 & ,,alex&] ( ,epiros4 #cjd4 ,q4 ,:]e d we le>n ?is8 ,a4 ,f ! ,edicts !mselves ( ,a%oka ! ,great1 inscrib$ by him on rocks & /one pill>s1 :i* are /ill /&+ & c be se5 by ev]ybody :o *ooses to visit ! places4 #cje4 ,q4 ,?r\gh :at we/]n religi\s bro!rhoods did ! ,buddha ,dh>ma m+le itself ) we/]n ?\ght8 ,a4 ,?r\gh ! sects ( ! ,!rapeuts ( ,egypt & ! ,ess5es ( ,pale/9e4 #cjf4 ,q4 ,:5 7 ,buddhi/ books fir/ introduc$ into ,*9a8 ,a4 ,z e>ly z ! second or ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 ,five ( ,dh>ma%oka's monks are said--9 ! ,samanta ,pasadika & ! ,sarat?a ,dipani--two ,pali books--to h be5 s5t to ! five divisions ( ,*9a4 #cjg4 ,q4 ,:5ce & :5 did x rea* ,korea8 ,a4 ,f ,*9a1 9 ! ye> ,a4 ,d4 #cgb4 #cjh4 ,q4 ,:5ce & :5 did x rea* ,japan8 ,a4 ,f ,korea1 9 ,a4 ,d4 #eeb4 #cji4 ,q4 ,:5ce & :5 did x rea* ,co*9 ,*9a1 ,=mosa1 ,java1 ,mongolia1 ,york&1 ,balk1 ,bokh>a1 ,afghani/an & o!r ,c5tral ,asian c\ntries8 ,a4 ,app>5tly 9 ! f\r? & fif? c5turies ,a4,d4 #caj4 ,q4 ,f ,ceylon1 :i!r & :5 did x spread8 ,a4 ,to ,burma1 9 ,a4,d4 #dej1 & !nce gradually into ,arakan1 ,kamboya & ,pegu4 ,9 ! sev5? c5tury 7,a4,d4 #fch7 x spread to ,siam1 :]e x is n[1 z x has be5 always s9ce !n1 ! ,/ate religion4 #caa4 ,q4 ,f ,ka%mir1 :]e else did x spread besides to ,*9a8 ,a4 ,to ,nepal & ,tibet4 #cab4 ,q4 ,:y is x t ,buddhism1 :i* 0 once ! prevail+ religion ?r\gh\t ,india1 is n[ almo/ ext9ct !re8 ,a4 ,buddhism 0 at fir/ pure & noble1 ! v tea*+ ( ! ,ta?agata2 its ,sangha 7 virtu\s & obs]v$ ! ,precepts2 x won all he>ts & spread joy ?r\gh _m nations1 z ! morn+ light s5ds life ?r\gh ! fl[]s4 ,b aft] "s c5turies1 bad ,bhikkhus got ord9ation 7,upasampada7 ! ,sangha became ri*1 lazy1 & s5sual1 ! ,dh>ma 0 corrupt$1 & ! ,indian nation ab&on$ x4 #cac4 ,q4 ,did any?+ happ5 ab\t ! n9? or t5? c5tury ,a4,d4 to ha/5 its d[nfall8 ,a4 ,yes4 #cad4 ,q4 ,any?+ besides ! decay ( spirituality1 ! corruption ( ! ,sangha1 & ! reaction ( ! populace f a high] ideal ( man to un9tellig5t idolatry8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,x is said t ! ,mussalmans invad$1 ov]ran & conqu]$ l>ge areas ( ,india2 ev]y:]e do+ _! utmo/ to /amp out our religion4 #cae4 ,q4 ,:at cruel acts are !y *>g$ ) do+8 ,a4 ,!y burnt1 pull$ d[n or o!rwise de/roy$ our viharas1 slaught]$ our ,bhikkhus1 & consum$ ) fire our religi\s books4 #caf4 ,q4 ,0 our lit]ature completely de/roy$ 9 ,india8 ,a4 ,no4 ,_m ,bhikkhus fl$ across ! bord]s into ,tibet & o!r safe places ( refuge1 c>ry+ _! books ) !m4 #cag4 ,q4 ,h any traces ( ^! books be5 rec5tly discov]$8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,rai ,bhadur ,s>at ,*&ra ,das1 ,c4,i4,e41 a not$ ,b5gali p&it1 saw hundr$s ( !m 9 ! vihara libr>ies ( ,tibet1 br\ght copies ( "s ( ! mo/ important back ) him1 & is n[ employ$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india 9 edit+ & publi%+ !m4 #cah4 ,q4 ,9 :i* c\ntry h we reason to believe ! sacr$ books ( primitive ,buddhism h be5 be/ pres]v$ & lea/ corrupt$8 ,a4 ,ceylon4 ,! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica says t 9 ?is isl& ,buddhism has1 = specifi$ reasons1 reta9$ almo/ its pri/9e purity to mod]n times4 #cai4 ,q4 ,has any revision ( ! text ( ! ,pitakas be5 made 9 mod]n times8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,a c>eful revision ( ! ,v9aya ,pitaka 0 made 9 ,ceylon 9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #ahge1 by a conv5tion ( ! mo/ le>n$ ,bhikkhus1 "u ! presid5cy ( ,h4 ,sumangala1 ,pradhana ,/havira4 #cbj4 ,q4 ,has !re be5 any fri5dly int]c\rse 9 ! int]e/ ( ,buddhism betwe5 ! peoples ( ! ,s\!rn & ^? ( ! ,nor!rn ,buddhi/ c\ntries8 ,a4 ,9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #ahia1 a successful attempt 0 made to get ! ,pradhana ,nayakas ( ! two great divisions to agree to accept f\rte5 propositions z embody+ fundam5tal ,buddhi/ic beliefs recognis$ & taught by bo? divisions4 ,^! propositions1 draft$ by ,colonel ,olcott1 7 c>efully translat$ into ,burmese1 ,s9halese & ,japanese1 discuss$ "o by "o1 unanim\sly adopt$ & sign$ by ! *ief monks1 & publi%$ 9 ,janu>y #ahib4 #cba4 ,q4 ,) :at good result8 ,a4 ,z ! result ( ! good und]/&+ n[ exi/+1 a numb] ( ,japanese bhikkhus & saman]as h be5 s5t to ,ceylon & ,india to /udy ,pali & ,samskrt4 #cbb4 ,q4 ,are !re signs t ! ,buddha ,dh>ma is gr[+ 9 fav\r 9 non-,buddhi/ic c\ntries8#a ,a4 ,!re are4 ,translations ( our m valuable books are appe>+1 _m articles 9 reviews1 magaz9es & newspap]s are be+ publi%$1 & excell5t orig9al treatises by di/+ui%$ writ]s are com+ f ! press4 ,moreov]1 ,buddhi/ & non-,buddhi/ lectur]s are publicly disc\rs+ on ,buddhism to l>ge audi5ces 9 we/]n c\ntries4 ,! ,%9 ,%u sect ( ,japanese ,buddhi/s h actually op5$ missions at ,honolulu1 ,san ,francisco1 ,sacram5to & o!r ,am]ican places4 #cbc4 ,q4 ,:at two lead+ ideas ( ours are *iefly tak+ hold ^u ! we/]n m9d8 ,a4 ,^? ( ,k>ma & ,re9c>nation4 ,! rapidity ( _! acceptance is v surpris+4 #cbd4 ,q4 ,:at is believ$ to be ! explanation ( ?is8 ,a4 ,_! appeals to ! natural in/9ct ( ju/ice1 & _! evid5t reasonabl5ess4 #a ,see ,app5dix4 ,,"p ,v ,,buddhism ,,& ,,sci5ce #cbe4 ,q4 ,has ,buddhism any "r to be consid]$ a sci5tific religion1 or may x be classifi$ z a reveal$ "o8 ,a4 ,mo/ emphatically x is n a reveal$ religion4 ,! ,buddha did n s prea*1 nor is x s und]/ood4 ,on ! contr>y1 he gave x out z ! /atem5t ( et]nal tru?s1 :i* 8 pr$ecessors _h taught l himself4 #cbf4 ,q4 ,repeat aga9 ! "n ( ! ,sutta1 9 :i* ! ,buddha tells u n to believe 9 an alleg$ revelation )\t te/+ x by "o's reason & exp]i5ce8 ,a4 ,! ,kalama ,sutta1 ( ! ,angu?>a ,nikaya4 #cbg4 ,q4 ,d ,buddhi/s accept ! !ory t ev]y?+ has be5 =m$ out ( no?+ by a ,creator8 ,a4 ,! ,buddha taught t two ?+s are causeless1 viz41 ,aka%a1 & ,nirvana4 ,ev]y?+ has come ont ( ,aka%a1 9 ob$i5ce to a law ( motion inh]5t 9 x1 &1 aft] a c]ta9 exi/5ce1 passes away4 ,no?+ ev] came out ( no?+4 ,we d n believe 9 miracles2 h5ce we d5y creation1 & _c conceive ( a creation ( some?+ out ( no?+4 ,no?+ organic is et]nal4 ,ev]y?+ is 9 a /ate ( con/ant flux1 & und]go+ *ange & re=mation1 keep+ up ! cont9uity accord+ to ! law ( evolution4 #cbh4 ,q4 ,is ,buddhism oppos$ to education1 & to ! /udy ( sci5ce8 ,a4 ,q ! contr>y3 9 ! ,sigal[ada ,sutta 9 a disc\rse prea*$ by ! ,buddha1 ,he specifi$ z "o ( ! duties ( a tea*] t he %\ld give 8 pupils in/ruction 9 sci5ce & lore4 ,! ,buddha's high] tea*+s are = ! enlight5$1 ! wise1 & ! ?\ghtful4 #cbi4 ,q4 ,c y %[ any fur!r endorsem5t ( ,buddhism by sci5ce8 ,a4 ,! ,buddha's doctr9e tea*es t !re 7 _m prog5itors ( ! human race2 also t !re is a pr9ciple ( diff]5tiation among m52 c]ta9 individuals h a great] capacity = ! rapid atta9m5t ( ,wisdom & arrival at ,nirvana ?an o!rs4 #ccj4 ,q4 ,any o!r8 ,a4 ,buddhism supports ! tea*+ ( ! inde/ructibility ( =ce4 #cca4 ,q4 ,%\ld ,buddhism be call$ a *>t ( sci5ce or a code ( morals8 ,a4 ,prop]ly speak+1 a pure moral philosophy1 a sy/em ( e?ics & transc5d5tal metaphysics4 ,x is s em95tly practical t ! ,buddha kept sil5t :5 ,malunka ask$ ab\t ! orig9 ( ?+s4 #ccb4 ,q4 ,:y did he d t8 ,a4 ,because he ?\ght t our *ief aim %\ld be to see ?+s z !y exi/ ar\nd u & try to make !m bett]1 n to wa/e "t 9 intellectual speculations4 #ccc4 ,q4 ,:at d ,buddhi/s say is ! reason = ! occasional bir? ( v good & wise *ildr5 ( bad p>5ts1 & t ( v bad ones ( good p>5ts8 ,a4 ,x is because ( ! respective ,k>mas ( *ildr5 & p>5ts2 ea* may h des]v$ t su* unusual relation%ips %\ld be =m$ 9 ! pres5t bir?4 #ccd4 ,q4 ,is any?+ said ab\t ! body ( ! ,buddha giv+ out a bright light8 ,a4 ,yes1 !re 0 a div9e radiance s5t =? f )9 by ! p[] ( 8 hol9ess4 #cce4 ,q4 ,:at is x call$ 9 ,pali8 ,a4 ,buddh>ansi1 ! ,buddha rays4 #ccf4 ,q4 ,h[ _m col\rs c\ld be se5 9 x8 ,a4 ,six1 l9k$ 9 pairs4 #ccg4 ,q4 ,_! names8 ,a4 ,nila1 ,pita1 ,lohita1 ,avadata1 ,manga/a1 ,prabhasvra4 #cch4 ,q4 ,did o!r p]sons emit su* %9+ light8 ,a4 ,yes1 all ,arhats did &1 9 fact1 ! light %9es /rong] & bright] 9 proportion to ! spiritual developm5t ( ! p]son4 #cci4 ,q4 ,:]e d we see ^! col\rs repres5t$8 ,a4 ,9 all viharas :]e !re are pa9t$ images ( ! ,buddha4 ,!y are also se5 9 ! /ripes ( ! ,buddhi/ ,flag1 fir/ made 9 ,ceylon b n[ widely adopt$ ?r\gh\t ,buddhi/ c\ntries4 #cdj4 ,q4 ,9 :i* disc\rse does ! ,buddha himself speak ( ?is %9+ ab\t him8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,maha-,p>9ibbana ,sutta1 ,an&a 8 fav\rite disciple1 notic+ ! great spl5d\r :i* came f 8 ,ma/]'s body1 ! ,buddha said t on two occasions ?is extraord9>y %9+ occurs1 7a7 j aft] a ,ta?agata ga9s ! supreme insight1 & 7b7 on ! night :5 he passes f9ally away4 #cda4 ,q4 ,:]e d we read ( ?is great brightness be+ emitt$ f ! body ( ano!r ,buddha8 ,a4 ,9 ! /ory ( ,sum$ha & ,dipankara ,buddha1 f\nd 9 ! ,nidanaka?a ( ! ,jataka book1 or /ory ( ! re9c>nations ( ! ,bodhisattva ,siddhar?a ,gautama4 #cdb4 ,q4 ,h[ is x describ$8 ,a4 ,z a halo ( a fa?om's dep?4 #cdc4 ,q4 ,:at d ! ,h9dus call x8 ,a4 ,tejas2 its ext5d$ radiance !y call ,praka%a4 #cdd4 ,q4 ,:at d ,europeans call x n[8 ,a4 ,! human aura4 #cde4 ,q4 ,:at great sci5ti/ has prov$ ! exi/5ce ( ?is aura by c>efully conduct$ exp]im5ts8 ,a4 ,! ,b>on ,von ,rei*5ba*4 ,8 exp]im5ts are fully describ$ 9 8 ,rese>*es1 publi%$ 9 #ahdd-e4 ,dr4 ,b>aduc1 ( ,p>is1 has1 q rec5tly1 photograph$ ?is light4 #cdf4 ,q4 ,is ?is bright aura a miracle or a natural ph5om5on8 ,a4 ,natural4 ,x has be5 prov$ t n only all human be+s b animals1 trees1 plants & ev5 /ones h x4 #cdg4 ,q4 ,:at peculi>ity has x 9 ! case ( a ,buddha or an ,arhat8 ,a4 ,x is imm5sely bright] & m ext5d$ ?an 9 cases ( o!r be+s & objects4 ,x is ! evid5ce ( _! sup]ior developm5t 9 ! p[] ( ,iddhi4 ,! light has be5 se5 com+ f dagobas 9 ,ceylon :]e relics ( ! ,buddha are said to be en%r9$4 #cdh4 ,q4 ,d p ( o!r religions besides ,buddhism & ,h9duism also believe 9 ?is light8 ,a4 ,yes1 9 all pictures ( ,*ri/ian arti/s ?is light is repres5t$ z %9+ ab\t ! bodies ( _! holy p]sonages4 ,! same belief is f\nd to h exi/$ 9 o!r religions4 #cdi4 ,q4 ,:at hi/orical incid5t supports ! mod]n !ory ( hypnotic sugge/ion8 ,a4 ,t ( ,*ullapan?aka1 z told 9 ! ,pali ,comm5t>y on ! ,dhammapada1 etc4 #cej4 ,q4 ,give me ! facts4 ,a4 ,he 0 a bhikkhu :o became an ,arhat4 ,on t v day ! ,buddha s5t a mess5g] to call him4 ,:5 ! man rea*$ ! ,vihara1 he saw ?ree hundr$ bhikkhus 9 "o gr\p1 ea* exactly l ! o!rs 9 e respect4 ,on 8 ask+ :i* 0 ,*ullapan?aka1 e "o ( ! ?ree hundr$ figures repli$3 ,i am ,*ullapan?aka4 #cea4 ,q4 ,:at did ! mess5g] d8 ,a4 ,9 8 confusion he return$ & report$ to ! ,buddha4 #ceb4 ,q4 ,:at did ! ,buddha !n tell him8 ,a4 ,to return to ! vihara &1 if ! same ?+ happ5$1 to cat* by ! arm ! fir/ figure :o said he 0 ,*ullapan?aka & lead him to him4 ,! ,buddha knew t ! new ,arhat w\ld make ?is display ( 8 acquir$ p[] to impress illusion>y pictures ( himself ^u ! mess5g]4 #cec4 ,q4 ,:at is ?is p[] ( illusion call$ 9 ,pali8 ,a4 ,manomaya ,iddhi4 #ced4 ,q4 ,7 ! illusion>y copies ( ! ,arhat's p]son mat]ial8 ,7 !y compos$ ( sub/ance & c\ld !y h be5 felt & h&l$ by ! mess5g]8 ,a4 ,no2 !y 7 pictures impress$ by 8 ?\ght & tra9$ w-p[] ^u ! mess5g]'s m9d4 #cee4 ,q4 ,to :at w\ld y comp>e !m8 ,a4 ,to a man's reflection 9 a mirror1 be+ exactly l him yet )\t solidity4 #cef4 ,q4 ,to make su* an illusion on ! mess5g]'s m9d1 :at 0 necess>y8 ,a4 ,t ,*ullapan?aka %\ld cle>ly conceive 9 8 own m9d 8 exact appe>ance1 & !n impress t1 ) z _m duplicates or repetitions z he *ose1 ^u ! s5sitive bra9 ( ! mess5g]4 #ceg4 ,q4 ,:at is ?is process n[ call$8 ,a4 ,hypnotic sugge/ion4 #ceh4 ,q4 ,c\ld any ?ird p>ty h also se5 ^! illusion>y figures8 ,a4 ,t w\ld dep5d on ! w ( ! ,arhat or hypnotis]4 #cei4 ,q4 ,:at d y mean8 ,a4 ,suppos+ t fifty or five hundr$ p]sons 7 !re1 in/ead ( "o1 ! ,arhat c\ld w t ! illusion %\ld be se5 by all alike2 or1 if he *ose1 he c\ld w t ! mess5g] %\ld be ! only "o to see !m4 #cfj4 ,q4 ,is ?is bran* ( sci5ce well kn[n 9 our day8 ,a4 ,v well kn[n2 x is famili> to all /ud5ts ( mesm]ism & hypnotism4 #cfa4 ,q4 ,9 :at does our mod]n sci5tific belief support ! !ory ( ,k>ma1 z taught 9 ,buddhism8 ,a4 ,mod]n sci5ti/s tea* t e g5]ation ( m5 is heir to ! consequ5ces ( ! virtues & ! vices ( ! prec$+ g5]ation1 n 9 ! mass1 z su*1 b 9 e individual case4 ,e "o ( u1 accord+ to ,buddhism1 gets a bir? :i* repres5ts ! causes g5]at$ by him 9 an antec$5t bir?4 ,?is is ! idea ( ,k>ma4 #cfb4 ,q4 ,:at say ! ,vaset?a ,sutta ab\t ! causation 9 ,nature8 ,a4 ,x says3 ,! _w exi/s by cause2 all ?+s exi/ by cause1 all be+s are b\nd by cause4 #cfc4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism tea* ! un*angeabl5ess ( ! visible univ]se2 our e>?1 ! sun1 ! moon1 ! />s1 ! m9]al1 vegetable1 animal & human k+doms8 ,a4 ,no4 ,x tea*es t all are con/antly *ang+1 & all mu/ disappe> 9 c\rse ( "t4 #cfd4 ,q4 ,nev] to reappe>8 ,a4 ,n s3 ! pr9ciple ( evolution1 guid$ by ,k>ma1 individual & collective1 w evolve ano!r univ]se ) its cont5ts1 z our univ]se 0 evolv$ out ( ! ,aka%a4 #cfe4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism admit t man has 9 8 nature any lat5t p[]s = ! production ( ph5om5a commonly call$ miracles8 ,a4 ,yes2 b !y are natural1 n sup]natural4 ,!y may be develop$ by a c]ta9 sy/em :i* is laid d[n 9 our sacr$ books1 ! ,visuddhi ,marga = in/ance4 #cff4 ,q4 ,:at is ?is bran* ( sci5ce call$8 ,a4 ,! ,pali "n is ,iddhi-vidhanana4 #cfg4 ,q4 ,h[ _m k9ds are !re8 ,a4 ,two3 ,bahira1 i4e41 "o 9 :i* ! ph5om5a-work+ p[] may be tempor>ily obta9$ by ascetic practices & also by resort to drugs1 ! recitation ( mantras 7*>ms71 or o!r extrane\s aids2 & ,sasaniks1 t 9 :i* ! p[] 9 "q is acquir$ by int]ior self-developm5t1 & cov]s all & m ?an ! ph5om5a ( ,laukika ,iddhi4 #cfh4 ,q4 ,:at class ( m5 enjoy ^! p[]s8 ,a4 ,!y gradually develop 9 "o :i* pursues a c]ta9 c\rse ( ascetic practice call$ ,dhyana4 #cfi4 ,q4 ,c ?is ,iddhi p[] be lo/8#a ,a4 ,! ,bahira c be lo/1 b ! ,sasanika nev]1 :5 once acquir$4 ,lokott>a k once obta9$ is nev] lo/1 & x is by ?is k only t ! absolute condition ( ,nirvana is kn[n by ! ,arhat4 ,& ?is k c be got by foll[+ ! noble life ( ! ,eightfold ,pa?4 #cgj4 ,q4 ,_h ,buddha ! ,lokott>a ,iddhi8 ,a4 ,yes1 9 p]fection4 #cga4 ,q4 ,& 8 disciples also _h x8 ,a4 ,yes1 "s b n all equally2 ! capacity = acquir+ ^! occult p[]s v>ies ) ! individual4 #cgb4 ,q4 ,give examples8 ,a4 ,( all ! disciples ( ! ,buddha1 ,mogallana 0 possess$ ( ! mo/ extraord9>y p[]s = mak+ ph5om5a1 :ile ,an&a c\ld develop none dur+ ! tw5ty-five ye>s 9 :i* he 0 ! p]sonal & intimate disciple ( ! ,buddha himself4 ,lat] he did1 z ! ,buddha _h =etold he w\ld4 #cgc4 ,q4 ,does a man acquire ^! p[]s sudd5ly or gradually8 ,a4 ,normally1 !y gradually develop !mselves z ! disciple progressively ga9s control ov] 8 l[] nature 9 a s]ies ( bir?s4#b #cgd4 ,q4 ,does ,buddhism pret5d t ! miracle ( rais+ ^? :o are dead is possible8 ,a4 ,no4 ,! ,buddha tea*es ! contr>y1 9 t beautiful /ory ( ,kisa ,gotami & ! mu/>d-se$4 ,b :5 a p]son only seems to be dead b is n actually s1 resuscitation is possible4 #cge4 ,q4 ,give me an idea ( ^! successive /ages ( ! ,lokott>a developm5t 9 ,iddhi8 ,a4 ,!re are six degrees atta9able by ,arhats2 :at is high] ?an !m is to be rea*$ only by a ,buddha4 #cgf4 ,q4 ,describe ! six /ages or degrees8 ,a4 ,we may divide !m into two gr\ps1 ( ?ree ea*4 ,! fir/ to include 7#a7 ,progressive retrospection1 viz41 a gradually acquir$ p[] to look backw>d 9 "t t[>ds ! orig9 ( ?+s2 7#b7 ,progressive =esight1 or p[] ( prophecy2 7#c7 ,gradual ext9ction ( desires & atta*m5ts to mat]ial ?+s4 #cgg4 ,q4 ,:at w\ld ! second gr\p include8 ,a4 ,! same faculties1 b inimitably develop$4 ,?us1 ! full ,arhat possesses p]fect retrospection1 p]fect =esight1 & has absolutely ext+ui%$ ! la/ trace ( desire & selfi% attractions4 #cgh4 ,q4 ,:at are ! f\r means = obta9+ ,iddhi8 ,a4 ,! w1 its ex]tion1 m5tal developm5t1 & discrim9ation betwe5 "r & wrong4 #cgi4 ,q4 ,our ,scriptures relate hundr$s ( in/ances ( ph5om5a produc$ by ,arhats3 :at did y say 0 ! "n ( ?is faculty or p[]8 ,a4 ,iddhi vidha4 ,"o possess+ ?is c1 by manipulat+ ! =ces ( ,nature1 produce any wond]ful ph5om5on1 i4e41 make any sci5tific exp]im5t he *ooses4 #chj4 ,q4 ,did ! ,buddha enc\rage displays ( ph5om5a8 ,a4 ,no2 he expressly disc\rag$ !m z t5d+ to create confusion 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o 7 n acqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples involv$4 ,!y also tempt _! possessors to %[ !m m]ely to gratify idle curiosity & _! own vanity4 ,moreov]1 simil> ph5om5a c be %[n by magicians & sorc]]s le>n$ 9 ! ,laukika1 or ! bas] =m ( ,iddhi sci5ce4 ,all false pret5sions to sup]natural atta9m5t by monks are among ! unp>donable s9s 7,tevijja ,sutta74 #cha4 ,q4 ,y spoke ( a deva hav+ appe>$ to ! ,pr9ce ,siddhar?a "u a v>iety ( =ms2 :at d ,buddhi/s believe respect+ races ( elem5tal invisible be+s hav+ relations ) mank9d8 ,a4 ,!y believe t !re are su* be+s :o inhabit worlds or sph]es ( _! own4 ,! ,buddhi/ doctr9e is t1 by int]ior self-developm5t & conque/ ov] 8 bas] nature1 ! ,arhat becomes sup]ior to ev5 ! mo/ =midable ( ! devas1 & may subject & control ! l[] ord]s4 #chb4 ,q4 ,h[ _m k9ds ( devas are !re8 ,a4 ,?ree3 ,kamava*>a 7^? :o are /ill "u ! dom9ation ( ! passions72 ,rupava*>a 7a high] class1 :i* /ill reta9 an individual =m73 ,arapava*>a 7! highe/ 9 degree ( purification1 :o are devoid ( mat]ial =ms74 #chc4 ,q4 ,%\ld we fe> any ( !m8 ,a4 ,he :o is pure & compassionate 9 he>t & ( a c\rage\s m9d ne$ fe> no?+3 no man1 god1 brahm>akkhas1 demon or deva1 c injure him1 b "s h p[] to torm5t ! impure1 z well z ^? :o invite _! approa*4 #a ,sumangala ,/havira expla9s to me t ^? transc5d5t p[]s are p]man5tly possess$ only by "o :o has subdu$ all ! passions 7,klesa71 9 o!r words1 an ,arhat4 ,! p[]s may be develop$ by a bad man & us$ = do+ evil ?+s1 b _! activity is b brief1 ! rebelli\s passions aga9 dom9ate ! sorc]]1 & he becomes at la/ _! victim4 #b ,:5 ! p[]s sudd5ly %[ !mselves1 ! inf]5ce is t ! individual _h develop$ himself 9 ! next ant]ior bir?4 ,we d n believe 9 ecc5tric breaks 9 natural law4 ,,app5dix ,! foll[+ text ( ! f\rte5 items ( belief :i* h be5 accept$ z fundam5tal pr9ciples 9 bo? ! ,s\!rn & ,nor!rn sections ( ,buddhism1 by au?oritative committees to :om !y 7 submitt$ by me p]sonally1 h s mu* hi/orical importance t !y are add$ to ! pres5t edition ( ,,! ,,buddhi/ ,,cate*ism z an ,app5dix4 ,x has v rec5tly be5 report$ to me by ,h4 ,e4 ,pr9ce ,ou*tomsky1 ! le>n$ ,russian ,ori5tali/1 t hav+ _h ! docum5t translat$ to !m1 ! ,*ief ,lamas ( ! great ,mongolian ,buddhi/ mona/]ies decl>$ to him t !y accept e "o ( ! propositions z draft$1 ) ! "o exception t ! date ( ! ,buddha is by !m believ$ to h be5 "s ?\s&s ( ye>s e>li] ?an ! "o giv5 by me4 ,?is surpris+ fact _h n hi!rto come to my k4 ,c x be t ! ,mongolian ,sangha confuse ! real epo* ( ,sakya ,muni ) t ( 8 alleg$ next pr$ecessor8 ,be ?is z x may1 x is a mo/ enc\rag+ fact t ! :ole ,buddhi/ic _w may n[ be said to h unit$ to ! ext5t at lea/ ( ^! ,f\rte5 ,propositions4 ,h4 ,s4 ,o4 ,,fundam5tal ,,buddhi/ic ,,beliefs ,i ,buddhi/s are taught to %[ ! same tol]ance1 =be>ance1 & bro!rly love to all m51 )\t di/9ction2 & an unsw]v+ k9dness t[>ds ! memb]s ( ! animal k+dom4 ,,ii ,! univ]se 0 evolv$1 n creat$2 & its functions accord+ to law1 n accord+ to ! caprice ( any ,god4 ,,iii ,! tru?s ^u :i* ,buddhism is f\nd$ are natural4 ,!y h1 we believe1 be5 taught 9 successive kalpas1 or _w-p]iods1 by c]ta9 illum9at$ be+s call$ ,,buddhas1 ! "n ,,buddha mean+ ,enlight5$4 ,,iv ,! f\r? ,tea*] 9 ! pres5t kalpa 0 ,sakya ,muni1 or ,gautama ,buddha1 :o 0 born 9 a ,royal family 9 ,india ab\t #b1ejj ye>s ago4 ,he is an hi/orical p]sonage & 8 "n 0 ,siddhar?a ,gautama4 ,v ,sakya ,muni taught t ignorance produces desire1 unsatisfi$ desire is ! cause ( rebir?1 & rebir?1 ! cause ( sorr[4 ,to get rid ( sorr[1 !re=e1 x is necess>y to escape rebir?2 to escape rebir?1 x is necess>y to ext+ui% desire2 & to ext+ui% desire1 x is necess>y to de/roy ignorance4 ,,vi ,ignorance fo/]s ! belief t rebir? is a necess>y ?+4 ,:5 ignorance is de/roy$ ! wor?lessness ( e su* rebir?1 consid]$ z an end 9 itself1 is p]ceiv$1 z well z ! p>am\nt ne$ ( adopt+ a c\rse ( life by :i* ! necessity = su* repeat$ rebir?s c be aboli%$4 ,ignorance also begets ! illusive & illogical idea t !re is only "o exi/5ce = man1 & ! o!r illusion t ?is "o life is foll[$ by /ates ( un*angeable pleasure or torm5t4 ,,vii ,! disp]sion ( all ?is ignorance c be atta9$ by ! p]sev]+ practice ( an all-embrac+ altruism 9 conduct1 developm5t ( intellig5ce1 wisdom 9 ?\ght1 & de/ruction ( desire = ! l[] p]sonal pleasures4 ,,viii ,! desire to live be+ ! cause ( rebir?1 :5 t is ext+ui%$ rebir?s cease & ! p]fect$ individual atta9s by m$itation t highe/ /ate ( peace call$ ,nirvana4 ,,ix ,sakya ,muni taught t ignorance c be dispell$ & sorr[ remov$ by ! k ( ! f\r ,noble ,tru?s1 viz43 #a4 ,! mis]ies ( exi/5ce2 #b4 ,! cause productive ( mis]y1 :i* is ! desire ev] r5ew$ ( satisfy+ oneself )\t be+ able ev] to secure t end2 #c4 ,! de/ruction ( t desire1 or ! e/rang+ ( oneself f x2 #d4 ,! means ( obta9+ ?is de/ruction ( desire4 ,! means :i* he po9t$ out is call$ ! ,noble ,eightfold ,pa?1 viz43 ,"r ,belief2 ,"r ,?\ght2 ,"r ,spee*2 ,"r ,action2 ,"r ,means ( ,livelihood2 ,"r ,ex]tion2 ,"r ,remembrance2 ,"r ,m$itation4 ,x ,"r ,m$itation leads to spiritual enlight5m5t1 or ! developm5t ( t ,buddha-l faculty :i* is lat5t 9 e man4 ,,xi ,! ess5ce ( ,buddhism1 z summ$ up by ! ,ta?aga?a 7,buddha7 himself1 z3 ,to cease f all s91 ,to get virtue1 ,to purify ! he>t4 ,,xii ,! univ]se is subject to a natural causation kn[n z ,k>ma4 ,! m]its & dem]its ( a be+ 9 pa/ exi/5ces det]m9e 8 condition 9 ! pres5t "o4 ,ea* man1 !re=e1 has prep>$ ! causes ( ! effects :i* he n[ exp]i5ces4 ,,xiii ,! ob/acles to ! atta9m5t ( good k>ma may be remov$ by ! obs]vance ( ! foll[+ precepts1 :i* are embrac$ 9 ! moral code ( ,buddhism1 viz43 7#a7 ,kill n2 7#b7 ,/eal n2 7#c7 ,indulge 9 no =bidd5 sexual pleasure2 7#d7 ,lie n2 7#e7 ,take no intoxication or /upefy+ drug or liquor4 ,five o!r precepts :i* ne$ n be "h enum]at$ %\ld be obs]v$ by ^? :o w\ld atta91 m quickly ?an ! av]age layman1 ! release f mis]y & rebir?4 ,,xiv ,buddhism disc\rages sup]/iti\s cr$ulity4 ,gautama ,buddha taught x to be ! duty ( a p>5t to h 8 *ild educat$ 9 sci5ce & lit]ature4 ,he also taught t no "o %\ld believe :at is spok5 by any sage1 writt5 9 any book1 or affirm$ by tradition1 unless x accord ) reason4 ,draft$ z a common plat=m ^u :i* all ,buddhi/s c agree4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,olcott1 ,p4,t4,s4 ,respectfully submitt$ = ! approval ( ! ,high ,prie/s ( ! nations :i* we sev]ally repres5t1 9 ! ,buddhi/ ,conf]5ce held at ,ady>1 ,madras1 on ! #h?1 #i?1 #aj?1 #aa?1 & #ab? ( ,janu>y1 #ahia 7,a4,b4 #bdcd74 ,japan 4 4 4 4 4 7 ,koz5 ,gun>atana 7 ,*iezo ,tokuzawa ,burmah 4 4 4 4 4 ,u4 ,hmoay ,?a ,aung ,ceylon 4 4 4 4 4 ,dhammapala ,hevavit>ana4 ,! ,maghs ( ,*ittagong 4 4 4 ,kr%na ,*&ra ,*[dry1 by 8 appo9t$ ,proxy1 ,maung ,?a ,dwe4 ,,burmah ,approv$ on behalf ( ! ,buddhi/s ( ,burmah1 ?is #crd day ( ,febru>y1 #ahia 7,a4 ,b4 #bdcd73 ,?a-?a-na-ba+ ,saydawgyi2 ,aung ,myi ,%webon ,sayadaw2 ,me-ga-waddy ,sayadaw2 ,hmat-,khaya ,sayadaw2 ,hti-l9 ,sayadaw2 ,myadaung ,sayadaw2 ,hla-,htwe ,sayadaw2 & sixte5 o!rs4 ,,ceylon ,approv$ on behalf ( ! ,buddhi/s ( ,ceylon ?is #be? day ( ,febru>y1 #ahia 7,a4,b4 #bdcd72 ,mahannw>a upawsa?a pusparama viharadhipati ,hippola ,dhamma ,rakkhita ,sobhitabhidhana ,maha ,nayaka ,/havirayan wahanse wamha4 7,hippola ,dhamma ,rakkhita ,sabhitabhidhana1 ,high ,prie/ ( ! ,malwatta ,vih>e at ,k&y74 7,sd47 ,,hippola4 ,mahanuw>a ,asgiri viharadhipati ,yatawatte ,*&ajottyabhidhana ,maha ,nayaka ,/havirayan wahanse wamha--7,yatawatte ,*&ajottyabhidhana1 ,high ,prie/ ( ,asgiri ,tih>e at ,k&y74 7,sd47 ,,yatawatte ,hikkaduwe ,sri ,sumangala ,sripada/hane saha ,kolamba palate pradhana ,nayaka ,/havirayo 7,hikkaduwe ,sri ,sumangala1 ,high ,prie/ ( ,adam's ,peak & ! ,di/rict ( ,colombo74 7,sd47 ,h4 ,,sumangala ,maligawe ,pra*9a ,pu/akalayadhyak%aka ,suriyagoda ,sonutt>a ,/havirayo 7,suriyagoda ,sonutt>a1 ,libr>ian ( ! ,ori5tal ,libr>y at ! ,temple ( ! ,too? ,relic at ,k&y74 7,sd47 ,s4 ,,sonutt>a ,sugata ,sasanadhaja ,v9aya *ariya ,dhammalankarabhidhana ,nayaka ,/havira4 7,sd47 ,w4 ,,dhammalank>a ,paw>a n]uttika *>iya ,maha ,vibhavi ,subhuti ( ,waskaduwa4 7,sd47 ,w4 ,,subhuti ,,japan ,accept$ z includ$ )9 ! body ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism4 ,%aku ,g5yu 7,%+on ,%u7 ,fukuda ,ni*iyo 7,ni*ir5 7 ,sanada ,seyko 7,z5 7 ,ito ,quan ,%yu 7 7 ,takehana ,hakuyo 7,jodo 7 ,kono ,rio%9 7,ji-,%u 7 ,kiro ,ki-ko 7,jodo ,seizan 7 ,h>utani ,%9%o 7,t5dai 7 ,manabe ,%un-myo 7,%+on 7 ,,*ittagong ,accept$ = ! ,buddhi/s ( ,*ittagong4 ,nagawa ,p>vata ,vihaaradhipati ,guna ,megu ,w9i-,lank>a1 ,h>b+1 ,*ittagong1 ,b5gal4 ,,bibliography ,! ,buddhi/ ,cate*ism has be5 compil$ f p]sonal /udies 9 ,ceylon1 & 9 "p f ! foll[+ works3 ,v9aya ,texts 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,davids & ,old5b]g4 ,buddhi/ ,lit]ature 9 ,*9a 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,beal4 ,cat5a ( ,buddhi/ ,scriptures 4 4 4 4 4 ,d4 ,buddhaghosa's ,p>ables 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,rog]s4 ,buddhi/ ,bir? ,/ories 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,fausboll & ,davids4 ,leg5d ( ,gautama 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,big&et4 ,*9ese ,buddhism 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,edk9s4 ,kalpa ,sutra & ,nava ,patva 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,/ev5son4 ,buddha & ,e>ly ,buddhism 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,lillie4 ,sutta ,nipata 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,sir ,coom>a ,swami4 ,nagan&a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,broyd4 ,kusa ,jataka 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,/eele4 ,buddhism 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,rhys-,davids4 ,dhammapada 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,fausboll & ,max ,mll]4 ,romantic ,hi/ory ( ,buddha 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,beal4 ,udanav>ga 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,rockhill4 ,twelve ,japanese ,buddhi/ ,sects 4 4 4 4 4 ,b4 ,nanjio4 ,! ,gospel ( ,buddha 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,paul ,c>us4 ,! ,dh>ma 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,d4 ,anci5t ,india 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,r4 ,c4 ,dutt4 ,! ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/ ,s]ies 4 ,max ,mll]'s ,edition4 ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica ,pr9t$ by ,annie ,besant ,vasanta ,press ,ady> ,madras