,,ar*itectural ,,antiquities ,,( ,,norm&y1 ,,by ,,john ,,sell ,,cotman2 ,,accompani$ ,,by ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,descriptive ,,notices ,,by ,,dawson ,,turn]1 ,,esq4 ,f4,r4 ,,& ,a4,s4 ,,volume ,,! ,,fir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,coat ( arms ( ! ,du*y ( ,norm&y4 ,emblems ( ! t[ns ( ,r\5 & ,ca54 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,john ,,& ,,ar?ur ,,ar*1 ,,cornhill2 ,,& ,j4 ,s4 ,,cotman1 ,,y>m\?4 ,,mdcccxxii4 ,illu/ration ,,preface4 ,an arti/1 engag$ 9 ! illu/ration ( ! ,ar*itectural ,antiquities ( ,engl&1 c\ld sc>cely d o!rwise ?an (t5 ca/ a wi/ful look t[>ds ! opposite %ores ( ,norm&y2 & su* w\ld p>ticul>ly be ! case1 if1 l ,mr4 ,cotman1 to a /rong atta*m5t to 8 pr(ession & ! subject1 he %\ld *ance to add a resid5ce 9 ,norfolk4 ,?is portion ( ! k+dom ( ! ,ea/-,angles1 9 its language & 9 its cu/oms1 b especially 9 ! rema9s ( its anci5t ecclesia/ical ar*itecture1 ab\nds 9 ve/iges ( its ,teutonic coloni/s4 ,! ri*ly ornam5t$ door-ways ( its village *ur*es h1 9 p>ticul>1 long be5 ! !me ( admiration among antiqu>ies4 ,br$ up 9 ! mid/ ( ^!1 & w>mly p>tak+ 9 ! admiration ( !m1 ,mr4 ,cotman devot$ 8 p5cil & 8 grav] to ! diffusion ( _! fame4 ,common report1 aid$ by ! suffrages ( ! le>n$1 & 9 "s degree by locality1 designat$ !m z ,saxon3 at ! same "t1 :5 !y 7 comp>$ ) :at is left 9 ,brita91 ( workman%ip av[$ly ,norman1 ! po9ts ( dissimil>ity appe>$ trifl+ or altoge!r vani%$4 ,0 x !n to be inf]r$ t1 betwe5 ,norman & ,saxon ar*itecture1 !re 0 really no diff]5ce2 &1 c>ry+ ! inf]5ce "o /ep f>!r1 t ! hordes ( b>b>ians d5om9at$ by ^! diff]5t appellations1 al?\gh !y might n h emb>k$ at ! same port1 7 only cognate tribes ( "o common orig91 if n 9 reality ! same8 ,! solution ( ! fir/ ( ^! que/ions1 ! only "o imm$iately 9 view1 seem$ be/ to be s\ght 9 t prov9ce ( ,france1 :]e ! ,norman p[] _h be5 mo/ p]man5tly e/abli%$1 & :]e x 0 !re=e reasonably to be expect$1 t g5u9e productions ( ,norman art might1 if any :]e1 be f\nd4 ,) ?is view1 ,mr4 ,cotman cross$ ! *annel2 & ! result ( ?ree successive j\rnies1 9 ! ye>s #ahag1 #ahah1 & #ahbj1 is "h submitt$ to ! public4 ,^? :o f9d pleasure 9 inquiries ( ?is description1 w jo9 9 ! regret1 t an und]tak+ l ! pres5t 0 s long delay$4 ,incalculable _h be5 ! advantages1 _h x b comm5c$ previ\sly to ! p]iod ( ! ,fr5* revolution4 ,t fe>ful /orm bur/ ) trem5d\s viol5ce ^u ! ca/les ( b>ons1 ! palaces ( k+s1 & ! temples ( religion4 ,_m ( ! mo/ sumptu\s edifices1 :i* _h mock$ ! h& ( "t1 & _h be5 respect$ amid/ ! ravages ( =eign or dome/ic w>f>e1 7 !n swept f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,o!rs1 degrad$1 des]t$1 neglect$1 & dilapidat$1 are at ?is mom5t ha/5+ fa/ to _! decay4 ,yet no small portion ( :at is valuable has be5 happily left4 ,! two royal abbeys ( ,ca51 ?\gh %orn ( mu* ( _! =m] gr&eur1 are /ill ne>ly entire4 ,*teau ,gaill>d1 ! pride ( ,ri*>d's lion he>t1 & ! noble ca/les ( ,arques & ( ,falaise1 reta9 suffici5t ( _! anci5t magnific5ce1 to te/ify :at !y mu/ h be5 9 ! days ( _! spl5dor3 ! t[ns & *teaus1 :i* 7 ! cradles ( ! ,h>c\rts1 ,v]nons1 ,tanc>villes1 ,gurneys1 ,bruces1 ,bohuns1 ,gr5villes1 ,/4 ,johns1 & _m o!rs ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ,engli% families1 are /ill 9 exi/5ce2 &1 ( m mod]n date1 :5 ! ,briti% ,edw>ds & ,h5rys resum$ ! ,norman sceptre1 num]\s build+s ( ! highe/ beauty are e :]e to be met )4 ,9 8 rese>*es aft] ^!1 ,mr4 ,cotman _h ! advantage ( be+ assi/$ by ! k9dness ( ?ree ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ antiqu>ies ( ! pres5t day1 ,m4 le ,prevo/1 ,m4 ,rondeau1 & ,m4 de ,g]ville1 b p>ticul>ly by ! la/1 ^: fri5dly help has likewise ext5d$ t[>ds ! prep>+ ( ! lett]-press = _m ( ! articles f ! we/]n "p ( ! prov9ce4 ,x 7 ungrateful n to ackn[l$ge ! assi/ance d]iv$ f ,mr4 ,coh51 9 ! same dep>tm5t4 ,! value ( 8 aid1 :i* has be5 mo/ freely contribut$1 c be duly appreciat$ by ^? alone :o h _h opportunities ( judg+ ( ! accuracy & ext5t ( 8 k4 ,9 ! selection ( subjects = engrav+1 att5tion has be5 pr9cipally paid to two po9ts1 excell5ce 9 ! objects !mselves1 & c]ta9ty z to dates2 b ! greate/ /ress has be5 laid ^u ! latt]4 ,! au?or ( a "w :i* pr(esses to be 9 any degree didactic1 c nev] impress too /rongly ^u 8 m9d ! value ( ! ,roman precept1 prodesse qum delect>e2 & an arti/1 accu/om$ by 8 habits to ! contemplation ( ! beautiful & ! picturesque1 requires above all m5 to be w>n$ on ?is head4 ,_m ( ! build+s "h repres5t$1 might easily h be5 ex*ang$ = o!rs1 m p]fect1 m elegant1 or m ornam5t$2 b x is hop$ t !y c\ld n h be5 ex*ang$ = ^? t w\ld h be5 m in/ructive4 ,! ma9 object ( ! publication has be5 to exhibit a s]ies ( specim5s ( ,norman ar*itecture1 z !y actually exi/ 9 ,norm&y itself2 &1 by tak+ ^? ^: dates are be/ def9$1 to enable ! antiqu>y & ! amateur ( o!r c\ntries1 n only to "k ! /ate ( ?is extraord9>y p1 z to _! arts1 at ! epo* ( _! greate/ glory1 b also to comp>e :at is 9 ,norm&y ) :at !y f9d at home4 ,ano!r volume1 devot$ to ! illu/ration ( ! same description ( ar*itecture1 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 9 ,italy1 & 9 ,sicily1 w\ld fill a hiatus1 ^: exi/5ce has long be5 regrett$4 ,9 ,g]many1 ,d5m>k1 & ,sw$51 x is to be fe>$ t little rema9s2 &1 ?anks to ! _s ( ,engli% arti/s & to ! patronage ( ! ,engli% public1 :at is 9 ?is c\ntry is already 9 a great measure record$4 ,to an ,engli%man1 x is hop$ x may be a s\rce ( v5ial self-congratulation1 t ! fir/ publication ^u ,norman ar*itecture orig9ates 9 8 own isl&3 he w likewise probably n be displeas$ to f9d1 t ?is collection ( ! f9e/ rema9+ specim5s ( ,norman art ^u ! cont95t1 conta9s no?+ :i* he _c rival1 inde$ surpass1 at home4 ,b1 at ! same "t t ! pr9cipal end propos$ 9 ?is "w has be5 to set be=e ! public ^? edifices1 :e!r sacr$1 milit>y1 or dome/ic1 :i* 7 erect$ dur+ ! age mo/ prop]ly designat$ z ,norman1 ! ra ant]ior to ! union ( ! ducal coronet ) ! cr[n ( ,france1 x has be5 felt t1 9 :atev] light ! publication might be reg>d$1 x w\ld be incomplete )\t ! addition ( o!r build+s ( a subsequ5t p]iod4 ,a f>!r numb] ( specim5s has !re=e be5 admitt$1 conduct+ ! s]ies ?r\gh ! /yle ( ar*itecture1 commonly t]m$ ,go?ic1 d[n to ! "t :5 t /yle f9ally disappe>$ be=e an ,italian model1 m or less debas$4 ,9 ! descriptive portion ( ^! volumes1 att5tion has be5 almo/ exclusively direct$ to two po9ts1 ! hi/orical & ! ar*itectural4 ,on ! latt] ( ^!1 s mu* has be5 said "u ea* sep>ate article1 t :atev] might be add$ 9 ?is place c\ld be little m ?an repetition2 & ! hi/ory ( ,norm&y1 f ! e/abli%m5t ( ! duk$om to ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 is s int]wov5 ) t ( ,engl&1 t x has be5 consid]$ ne$less "h to ins]t an epitome ( x1 z _h at fir/ be5 int5d$4 ,9 lieu ( ?is1 a ,table is subjo9$1 exhibit+ ! succession1 m>riages & prog5y ( ! ,norman ,pr9ces1 copi$ f ,du ,m\l92 & su* ,table c sc>cely be reg>d$ o!rwise ?an useful1 z br++ ! :ole "u ! eye 9 a s+le po9t ( view3 a ,*ronological ,index1 x is hop$1 may 9 a great measure answ] ! same purpose z to ar*itecture4 ,x is only ju/ice1 h[ev]1 to add1 t1 9 ?is ,index1 mu* has necess>ily be5 left to conjecture2 &1 :]e x is s1 ! au?or naturally expects t o!rs w occasionally diff] f him 9 op9ion2 especially z no opportunity is af=d$ him ( detail+ ! gr\nds :]eby he has =m$ 8 own4 ,^u ! subject mo/ likely to create d\bts & difficulties1 ! v e>ly date assign$ to ! employm5t ( ! po9t$ ar*1 he begs ! att5tion ( ! read] to ^? au?orities1 :i*1 9 8 judgm5t1 w>rant ! conclusion he has drawn4 ,if mi/ak5 9 ?is1 or 9 any o!r po9t1 he w be mo/ ?ankful = correction2 &1 9 ! language ( t au?or1 :o is1 z he long has be5 & probably always w be1 m ?an any o!r ! object ( quotation1 he takes leave1 ) ! well-kn[n val$ictory l9es1 ,vive1 vale2 si quid novi/i rectius i/is1 ,c&idus imp]ti2 si non1 8 ut]e mecum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,qu]queville ,,ne> ,,*]b\rg ,,subjects ,,*ronologically ,,arrang$4 ,9 ! foll[+ li/1 an ,obelisk is affix$ to ! dates :i* dep5d ^u conjecture4 ,^? prec$$ by an ,a/]isk d5ote ! ye> ( ! d$ication ( ! build+4 ,,no4 ,,( ,,plates4 ,,date4 #ec4 ,r\51 ,crypt 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g]vais be=e #ajjj #ac4 ,/4 ,sauveur le ,vicomte1 ,ca/le be=e #ajjj #fi4 ,lillebonne1 ,ca/le #ajjj #dh4 ,ca51 ,*apel 9 ! ,ca/le #ajjj #hi1 #ij4 ,falaise1 ,ca/le--,keep ( #ajjj #hc4 ,/4 ,sanson sur ,rille1 ,*ur* #ajbj #fg4 ,anisy1 ,*ur* #ajcj #fh4 ,p]ri]s1 ,*ur*--,nave ( #ajcj #ig4 ,c]isy1 ,abbey ,*ur* #ajdj #ie4 ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,abbey ,*ur*--,nave ( #ajdh #hg1 #hh4 ,/4 ,lo1 ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,cross--7"s ( ! sculpture probably ( ! n9? c5tury7 #ajej #a4 ,arques1 ,ca/le #ajej #hd4 ,f\llebec1 ,we/]n door-way ( ! ,*ur* #ajej #gj4 ,briquebec1 ,ca/le--7! multangul> t[] probably ( ! f\rte5? c5tury7 #ajej #e-aj4 ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville1 ,abbey ,*ur* #ajej #ib-id4 ,c\tances1 ,ca!dral 99 #ajef #ag4 ,tam]ville1 ,*ur* #ajfj #dd-df4 ,lry1 ,*ur* #ajfj #ed4 ,r\51 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,paul #ajfj #gc-ge4 ,lisieux1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] #ajfj #ee1 #ef4 ,ca51 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas #ajff #bd-cc4 ,ditto1 ,abbey ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity 99 #ajff #hb4 ,montivilli]s1 ,abbey ,*ur*--,t[]s & door-way #ajff #b1 #c4 ,jumieges1 ,abbey ,*ur* 99 #ajfg #fj1 #fa4 ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri1 ,*ur* #ajgj #ba-bc4 ,ca51 ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph5 99 #ajgg #eg4 ,*eux1 ,*ur* #ajhj #ih4 ,oye/raham1 ,*ur* #ajhj #eh1 #ei4 ,bieville1 ,*ur* #ajhj 99 #cc4 ,ca51 ,tomb/one ( ,que5 ,matilda #ajhc #cg4 ,haute ,allemagne1 ,t[] ( ,*ur* #aajj #af4 ,?an1 ,*ur* #aajj #ah4 ,ca51 ,t[] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,mi*el de ,vaucelles #aajj #ab4 ,grville1 ,*ur* #aajj #ii1 #ajj4 ,sez1 ,ca!dral 99 #aabf #ad4 ,/4 ,sauveur le ,vicomte1 ,abbey ,*ur* #aacj #if4 ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,knights' ,hall #aacj #ci-da4 ,g\rnay1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,hildeb]t--,int]ior ( ! nave1 & capitals ( columns #aadj #bj4 ,/atue ( ,william ! ,conqu]or #aaej #ia4 ,creully1 ,*ur* #aaej #aa4 ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville1 ,sculpture 9 ! ,*apt] ,h\se #aagj #db1 #dc4 ,r\51 ,*apel ( ! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,juli5 #aaij #hj1 #ha4 ,*teau ,gaill>d #aaie #ea1 #eb4 ,r\5 ,ca!dral1 ,we/ front--,nor!rn ,t[] #abjj #dg4 ,colomby1 ,*ur* #abjj #fh4 ,p]ri]s1 ,*ur*--,*oir #abcj #ch4 ,g\rnay1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,hildeb]t--,we/ front #abej #d4 ,jumieges1 ,entrance to ! ,knights' ,hall #abhj #gf4 ,r\51 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ou5 #acdj #ga4 ,fcamp1 ,s\!rn entrance ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph5 #acdj #ce4 ,dieppe1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,jacques--,we/]n front--7! t[] probably fifty ye>s e>li]7 #acej #gb4 ,eu1 ,scre5 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce #acfj #ff4 ,trport1 ,*ur* #acgj #ai4 ,ca51 ,s\? ,por* ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,mi*el de ,vaucelles #achj #hb4 ,montivilli]s1 ,abbey ,*ur*--,*apt]-,h\se #acij #cf4 ,dieppe1 ,ea/]n end ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,jacques #adjj #gi4 ,l\vi]s1 ,s\? por* ( ! ,*ur* #adbj #he1 #hf4 ,tanc>ville1 ,ca/le #adbj #hi1 #ij4 ,falaise1 ,ca/le--,talbot's ,t[] #adcj #cd4 ,dieppe1 ,ca/le #adej #ea1 #eb4 ,r\5 ,ca!dral1 ,we/]n front--,s\!rn ,t[] #adhe #ie4 ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,abbey ,*ur*--,*oir #aejj #gh4 ,r\51 ,palace ( ,ju/ice #aejj #gg4 ,ditto1 ,f\nta9 ( ! ,/one ,cross #aejj #fh4 ,ca51 ,h\se 9 ! ,rue ,/4 ,jean #aejj #fb1 #fc4 ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri1 ,*teau #aejj #di1 #ej4 ,r\5 ,ca!dral1 ,s\!rn ,transept #aejj #ea1 #eb4 ,ditto1 ,we/]n ,front--,por* #aeji #ae4 ,&elys1 ,great ,h\se #aecj #fd4 ,r\51 ,h\se 9 ! ,place de la ,pucelle #aedj ,,plates ,,9 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,volume4 ,,plate4 #a4 ,ca/le ( ,arques to face page #a #b4 ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,jumieges1 ,we/ ,front #b #c4 -- -- -- -- ,p>ts ( ! ,nave #c #d4 -- -- -- -- ,ar* on ! ,we/ ,front #c #e4 ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville1 ,we/ ,front #d #f4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,g5]al ,view #d #g4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,we/ ,entrance #e #h4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,s\? ,transept #e #i4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,sculptur$ ,capitals #e #aj4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,ditto #f #aa4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,sculptures 9 ! ,cloi/]s #f #ab4 ,*ur* ( ,grville #g #ac4 ,ca/le ( ,/4 ,sauveur le ,vicomte #h #ad4 ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,sauveur le ,vicomte #aa #ae4 ,great ,h\se at ,&elys #ac #af4 ,*ur* ( ,?an #af #ag4 ,*ur* ( ,tam]ville #ag #ah4 ,t[] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,mi*el de ,vaucelles1 ,ca5 #ah #ai4 ,nor? ,por* ( ,ditto #ah #bj4 ,/atue ( ,william1 ,duke ( ,norm&y #bj #ba4 ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,eti5ne1 ,ca51 ,we/ ,front #ba #bb4 _/ #bc4 -- -- -- -- ,comp>tm5ts ( ! ,nave #bd #bd4 ,abbey ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 ,ca5 #bg #be4 -- -- -- -- ,ea/ ,end #cb #bf4 -- -- -- -- ,ea/ ,end ( ,int]ior #cb #bg4 -- -- -- -- ,nor? ,side ( ! ,*oir #cb #bh4 -- -- -- -- ,ar*es "u ! c5tral ,t[] #cc #bi4 -- -- -- -- ,ea/ ,side ( ,s\? ,transept #cc #cj4 -- -- -- -- ,int]ior ( ! ,nave #cc #ca4 -- -- -- -- ,s\? ,side ( ! ,nave #cd #cb4 -- -- -- -- ,crypt #cd #cc4 -- -- -- -- ,capitals #cd #cc499 ,inscription on ! ,tomb ( ,que5 ,matilda #ce #cd4 ,ca/le ( ,dieppe #ce #ce4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,jacques1 at ,dieppe1 ,we/ ,front #ch #cf4 -- -- -- -- ,ea/ ,end #ch #cg4 ,t[] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,haute ,allemagne1 ne> ,ca5 #ci #ch4 ,collegiate ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,hildeb]t1 at ,g\rnay1 ,we/ ,front #ci #ci4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,view across ! ,nave #da #dj4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,capitals #db #da4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,capitals #db #db4 ,*apel 9 ! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,juli51 ne> ,r\51 ,s\? ,side #dc #dc4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,int]ior #dd #dd4 ,*ur* ( ,lry1 ne> ,pont de l',ar*e1 ,g5]al ,view #de #de4 -- -- -- -- -- ,we/ ,front #df #df4 -- -- -- -- -- ,int]ior #df #dg4 ,elevation ( ! ,*ur* ( ,colomby1 ne> ,valognes #dg #dh4 ,*apel 9 ! ,ca/le at ,ca5 #dh #di4 ,ca!dral ,*ur* ( ,notre ,dame1 ( ,r\51 ,s\? ,transept #ej #ej4 _/ #ea4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,we/ ,front #ea #eb4 _/ #ec4 ,crypt 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g]vais1 at ,r\5 #ef #ed4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,paul1 at ,r\51 ,ea/ ,end #eg ,,g5ealogy ,,( ,,! ,,norman ,,dukes4 ,n4 ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,l[] ,,d5m>k4 --------------------- ,,g\r91 kill$ 9 ,d5m>k4 #bnd wife1 ,,poppeia1 ,,rollo1 #a/ ,duke #a/ wife1 ,,gisla1 daught] daught] ( ,b]5g]1 ( ,norm&y4 ( ,*>les ! ,simple1 ,c\nt ( ! ,bess94 ,a4,d4 #iaa4 ,k+ ( ,france4 -------------------------- ,,sprote1 daught] ( ,,william1 ,,longa-,,spa?a1 ,,g]loc1 wife to ! ,c\nt ( ,s5lis4 #bnd ,duke ( ,norm&y4 ,william1 ,c\nt ( ,a4,d4 #iag4 ,poiti]s4 -------- #a/ wife1 ,,emma1 daught] ,,ri*>d ,i4 #crd #bnd wife1 ,,gonnor1 ( ,hugues le ,gr&1 ,duke ,duke ( ,norm&y4 orig9ally 8 ( ,france4 ,a4,d4 #idd4 concub9e4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,rob]t1 ,,maug]1 ,,emma1 ,,havoise1 ,,matilda1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,c\nt ( ,que5 ( wife ( wife ( ,r\51 ,c\nt ,corbeil4 ,engl&4 ,ge(frey1 ,eudes1 ( ,evreux4 ,duke ( ,c\nt ( --------------------- ,brittany4 ,*>tres4 #bnd wife1 ,,ri*>d ,,ii4 call$ #a/ wife1 ,,judi?1 da4 ,,paphie1 or ,,! ,,good1 #d? ( ,ge(frey1 ,duke ( ,,poppea4 ,duke ( ,norm&y4 ,brittany4 ,a4,d4 #iif4 ------------- ,,maug]1 ,,william ,,( ,,arques1 ,ar*bi%op ,c\nt ( ,tal\4 ( ,r\54 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,ri*>d ,,iii4 ,,william1 ,,alice1 ,,eleanor1 ,,papie1 ,n4 di$ #e? ,duke ( ,monk at wife ( wife ( wife unm>ri$4 ,norm&y4 ,fcamp4 ,r9aldo1 ,baldw91 ( ,guib]t ,a4,d4 #ajbf4 ,c\nt ( ,c\nt ( ( ,/4 ,burgundy4 ,fl&]s4 ,vall]y4 ,,nicolas1 ,abbot ( ,/4 ,ou53 & two daught]s1 "o ( !m m>ri$ to ,walt] ( ,/4 ,vall]y1 ! o!r to ! ,visc\nt ( ,bayeux3--all illegitimate4 ---------------------------- ,,rob]t1 #f? ,,arlette1 ,duke ( daught] ,norm&y4 ( ,f\b]t1 ,a4,d4 #ajbh4 citiz5 ( ,falaise4 ,,william ,,! ,,conqu]or1 ,,matilda1 daught] #g? ,duke ( ,norm&y1 ( ,baldw91 ,c\nt & ,k+ ( ,engl&4 ( ,fl&]s4 ,a4,d4 #ajce4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,ri*>d1 ,,william ,,rufus1 ,,cecilia4 kill$ 9 ,k+ ( ,engl&4 ,,con/ance4 ! ,new ,,alice4 ,=e/4 --------------- ,,aga?a4 ,n4 8 ,,rob]t1 ,,c\rt-,,hose1 ,,sibilla1 ,,mi/ress4 #h? ,duke ( daught] ,norm&y4 ( ,william1 ,a4,d4 #ajhg4 ,c\nt ( ,conv]sans4 ---------------------- ---------------------------- ,,ri*>d1 ,,william1 ,n4 wife to ,n4 da4 ( ,m>quis ,,william1 di$ f a kill$ 9 ,hlie de ,r5i]1 & si/] ,c\nt ( surfeit1 9 ! ,/4 ,sa54 to ! ,que5 ( ,fl&]s4 hunt+4 ,crusades4 ,france4 ------------ ,,adela4 ,,/eph51 ,c\nt ( ,blois4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,william4 ,,!obald1 ,,h5ry1 ,,/eph51 ,,matilda ( ,e>l ( ,bi%op ( ,k+ ( ,b\logne4 ,blois4 ,w9*e/]4 ,engl&4 --------------- ,,eu/ace1 #aj? ,duke ( ,norm&y4 ,a4,d4 #aace4 ------------------------------------ #a/ wife1 ,,h5ry ,i4 ,k+ #bnd wife1 ,,matilda1 da4 ( ,engl&1 ,,adeliza1 ( ,malcolm1 & #i? ,duke daught] ( ,k+ ( ( ,norm&y4 ! ,duke ( ,scotl&4 ,a4,d4 #aajg4 ,l\va94 -------------------------- ,,william ,,adel91 #a/ hus4 ,,matilda4 #bnd hus4 dr[n$ aft] 8 ,,h5ry ,v4 ,,ge(frey1 m>riage4 ,emp]or4 ,c\nt ( ,anj\1 & #aa? ,duke ( ,norm&y4 ,a4,d4 #aadc4 ------------------------------- ,,eleanor1 ,,h5ry ,,plantag5et1 ,,ge(frey1 ,,william4 ,c\ntess ( #ab? ,c\nt ( ,poiti]s & ,duke ( ,norm&y4 ,nantes4 ,du*ess ( ,a4,d4 #aaej3 ,aquita9e4 ,c\nt ( ,anj\1 ,t\ra9e1 & ,ma9e1 & ,k+ ( ,engl&4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,,william4 ,,ri*>d ,,coeur- ,,john ,,lackl&1 ,k+ ,,de-,,lion1 ,k+ ( ( ,engl&1 #ad? ,,m>g>et1 ,,h5ry ,,! ,engl&1 & #ac? & la/ ,duke ( ( ,france4 ,,"y1 ,duke ( ,norm&y4 ,norm&y4 ,a4,d4 #aaii4 cr[n$ ,k+ ,a4,d4 #aahi4 ( ,engl&4 ----- ,,ge(frey1 ,c\nt ,,con/ance1 ( ,brittany4 daught] ( ---------- ,conan1 ,duke ( ,brittany4 ,,ar?ur1 ,duke ( ,brittany1 kill$ by 8 uncle ,john4 ,,! ,,ar*itectural ,,antiquities ,,( ,,norm&y4 ,,plate ,i4 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,arques4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #a4 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,arques4 ,! t[n ( ,arques1 situat$ 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,dieppe1 is a spot consecrat$ by ! hi/orical muse1 & "o ^u :i* a ,fr5*man always dwells ) pleasure1 z ! place t fix$ ! sceptre 9 ! h&s ( ! mo/ popul> mon>* ( ! nation1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,! sov]eign1 flee+ f ! sup]ior =ces ( ! league1 "h1 9 ! v conf9es ( 8 k+dom1 f9ally resolv$ to make 8 la/ /&2 urg$ to ! measure by ! ,m>%al de ,biron1 b d\btful 9 8 own m9d1 :e!r x w\ld n be ! wise/ z well z ! safe/ plan1 to seek refuge 9 ! fri5dly ports ( ,engl&4 ,r$uc$ to ! utmo/ extremity1 a k+ )\t a k+dom1 a husb& )\t a wife1 & a w>rior )\t money1 he /opp$ at ,arques1 9 a /ate bord]+ ^u despair2 & yet1 :5 ! ,c\nt de ,bel91 :o 0 br\ght 9 prison] %ortly be=e ! battle1 assur$ 8 maje/y1 t1 9 two h\rs1 an army ( =ty ?\s& m5 w\ld be ^u him1 & t he saw no =ces !re to resi/ !m1 ! k+ repli$1 ) t gaity ( m9d t nev] =sook him1 ,y see n all1 ,m4 ,bel91 = y reckon n ,god1 & my j claim1 :o fight = me4 ,h5ry's :ole army consi/$ ( only ?ree ?\s& infantry & six hundr$ cavalry3 ! ho/ile =ces am\nt$ to m ?an ?irty ?\s&1 comm&$ by ! ,duke ( ,may5ne1 "o ( ! able/ lead]s ( ! league1 b ! ,fabius r ?an ! ,m>cellus ( ! p>ty4 ,! occasion1 h[ev]1 ne$$ ! sword r ?an ! buckl]3 ,h5ry's soldi]s f\ght ) ! c\rage ( desp]ation2 b e ?+ seem$ lo/1 :51 accord+ to ! acc\nt giv5 by ,sully1 ! fog1 :i* _h be5 v ?ick all ! morn+1 cle>$ sudd5ly away1 & af=d$ ! g>rison 9 ! ca/le ( ,arques a full view ( ! enemy's army1 aga9/ :i* !y dis*>g$ f\r pieces ( artill]y ) su* effect1 z to kill great numb]s ( !m4 ,_! progress 0 ?us effectually /opp$2 & ! guns f ! ca/le cont9u+ to play ^u !m1 !y 7 soon ?r[n into disord]1 & retreat$ to _! orig9al position4 ,f ?is "t1 ! aspect ( ! k+'s affairs *ang$3 8 well-kn[n laconic epi/le to ,crillon1 hang ?yself1 brave ,crillon1 = we h f\ght at ,arques )\t !e1 %ew$ 8 own s5se ( ! important results t might be expect$ f ! battle4 ,! mo/ important ( all 01 t he 0 imm$iately jo9$ by an auxili>y =ce ( f\r ?\s& ,engli% & ,scot*1 s5t by ,que5 ,elizabe? to 8 aid2 & t1 almo/ imm$iately aft]w>ds1 ano!r1 /ill m consid]able re9=cem5t1 0 br\ght him by ! ,c\nt ( ,soissons1 ,h5ry ( ,orleans1 ,duke ( ,longueville1 ,d',aumont1 & ,biron2 s t ! ,duke ( ,may5ne 0 oblig$ to retreat 9 8 turn1 & ,h5ry saw himself )9 a few days "u ! walls ( ! capital2 9 a situation to dictate t]ms to 8 rebelli\s subjects4 ,! ca/le ( ,arques _h on ?is occasion ess5tially s]v$ ! royal cause2 b x seems to h be5 suff]$ f t "t =w>ds to fall into decay4 ,all m\ld]+1 h[ev]1 & ru9$ z x is1 its walls & t[]s may yet = _m c5turies bid defiance to w9d & wea!r1 unless active measures are us$ = _! demolition4 ,at ! revolution ! ca/le became national prop]ty1 & z su* 0 sold3 x has n[ fall5 into ! h&s ( a lady :o resides 9 ! neighb\r+ t[n4 ,! pres5t plate1 :i* repres5ts ! pr9cipal entrance1 w s]ve to convey "s idea ( ! g5]al "* ( ! build+1 z well z ( ! imm5se size ( ! massy t[]s1 & ( ! crumbl+ appe>ance ( _! surface4 ,two pi]s only rema9 ( ! draw-bridge1 by :i* !y 7 approa*$2 & ! ?ree successive ar*es ( ! gateway are torn into little m ?an %apeless r5ts4 ,x w\ld be v difficult to convey1 by means ( any engrav+1 an adequate idea ( ! gr& "* ( ! :ole ru91 or ( its impos+ situation4 ,/ill m difficult w\ld be ! attempt to repres5t its masonry4 ,! walls h c]ta9ly be5 9 mo/ places1 & probably 9 all1 cov]$ ) a fac+ ( brick1 ( comp>atively mod]n date2 & 9 "s p>ts ?is fac+ /ill rema9s1 or1 :]e x is torn (f1 no?+ b rubble is visible4 ,9 o!r places !y appe> to h be5 con/ruct$ ( alt]nate lay]s ( brick & fl9t1 dispos$ ) ! same regul>ity z 9 ,roman build+s2 & ! ?9 =m ( ^! bricks leads also to ! impression t !y are ( ,roman workman%ip4 ,if su* a supposition may be all[$ to be well f\nd$1 ! fir/ e/abli%m5t ( a =tress 9 ?is situation is probably b little po/]ior to ! ,*ri/ian ra2 & _m antiqu>ians are dispos$ to believe t su* 0 really ! case4 ,at ! same "t1 ev5 all[+ ! tru? ( ?is surmise 9 its fulle/ ext5t1 x is mo/ probable t ! ,roman ca/le _h fall5 into ru9 & disuse long be=e ! ,norman conque/4 ,bo? ,william ( ,jumieges & ! *ronicle ( ,/4 ,w&rille expressly m5tion1 t ,william1 son to ,duke ,ri*>d ,,ii4 receiv$ f 8 nephew1 ! conqu]or1 ! e>ldom ( ,arques1 & built a ca/le !re4 ,o!r writ]s ascribe ! orig9 ( ! =tress to ! eigh? c5tury1 & o!rs to ! latt] "p ( ! twelf?4 ,no?+ is n[ left suffici5tly p]fect to det]m9e ! po9t1 nor any ?+ t c ju/ly be consid]$ decisive ( ! /yle ( its ar*itecture4 ,! situation ( ! ca/le is v bold3 x cr[ns ! extremity ( a ridge ( *alk hills ( consid]able height1 :i* comm5c+ to ! we/ ( ,dieppe1 & t]m9at+ at ?is spot1 h full comm& ( ! valley bel[4 ,! fosse :i* surr\nds ! walls is wide & deep4 ,! outl9e ( ! =tress is oval1 b n regul>ly s2 & x is v>i$ by t[]s ( unc]ta9 %ape1 plac$ at unequal di/ances4 ,! two entrance t[]s1 & ^? ne>e/ to !m to ! nor? & s\?1 are consid]ably l>g] ?an ! re/4 ,"o ( ^! l>g] lat]al t[]s#a is ( a mo/ unusual =m4 ,x appe>s z if ! orig9al int5tion ( ! ar*itect _h be5 to make x circul>2 b t1 *ang+ 8 design 9 ! middle ( 8 "w1 he _h atta*$ to x a triangul> app5dage1 probably by way ( a ba/ion4 ,?ree o!rs adjo9+ ?is are squ>e1 & inde$ appe> to p>take z mu* ( ! "* ( buttresses z ( t[]s4 ,! ca/le is int]nally divid$ into two w>ds1 ! fir/ ( :i*1 on ent]+1 is e :]e r\gh ) ! rema9s ( f\ndations3 ! inn]1 :i* is by f> ! l>ge/1 is approa*$ by a squ>e gate-h\se ) high embattl$ walls1 & conta9s t[>ds its f>!r end ! quadrangul> keep1 ^: %ell alone is /&+4 ,! walls ( ?is are ( great height3 9 _! p]fect /ate !y 7 c>efully fac$ ) l>ge squ>e /ones1 b ^! are pr9cipally torn away4 ,! crypts b5ea? ! ca/le are spaci\s1 & may /ill be trav]s$ = a consid]able l5g?4 ,,notes3 #a ,see ,acc\nt ( a ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #cg1 t4 #c4 ,,plates ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,,iv4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,jumieges4 ,be=e ! revolution despoil$ ,france ( h] mona/ic in/itutions1 ! "r bank ( ! ,se9e1 f ,r\5 to ! ,briti% ,*annel1 display$ an almo/ un9t]rupt$ l9e ( e/abli%m5ts ( ?is nature4 ,)9 a space ( little m ?an =ty miles1 7 includ$ ! abbeys ( ,/4 ,w&rille1 ,jumieges1 ,ducl]1 & ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #b4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,jumieges4 ,we/ ,front4 ,! mo/ illu/ri\s ( ^! 0 ,jumieges2 x occupi$ a delightful situation 9 a p59sula1 =m$ by ! curvature ( ! /ream1 :]e ! conv5t _h exi/$ f ! reign ( ,clovis ,,ii4 & _h1 ) only a tempor>y int]ruption1 caus$ by ! invasion ( ! ,normans1 ma9ta9$1 = elev5 c5turies1 an ev5 c\rse ( r5[n2 celebrat$ alike = ! beauty ( its build+s1 ! ext5t ( its possessions1 & ! numb] & sanctity ( its inmates4 ,philib]t1 second abbot ( ,rebais1 9 ! diocese ( ,meaux1 0 ! f\nd] ( ?is mona/]y4 ,he migrat$ hi!r ) only a h&full ( monks2 b ! community increas$ ) su* surpris+ rapidity1 t 9 ! "t ( ,alcadrus1 8 imm$iate successor1 ! numb] 0 already swell$ to n9e hundr$1 &1 except ^u ! occasion j m5tion$1 ?is am\nt nev] appe>s to h exp]i5c$ any s5sible dim9ution4 ,! mona/]y ( ,jumieges reckon$ among its abbots m5 ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s families ( ,france4 ,9 e>ly times1 ,hugh1 ! gr&son ( ,*>lemagne1 held ! pa/oral /aff3 x aft]w>ds pass$ ?r\gh ! h&s ( ,l\is d',amboise1 bro!r to ! c>d9al1 & ( diff]5t memb]s ( ! h\ses ( ,cl]mont1 ,luxemb\rg1 d',e/e1 & ,b\rbon4 ,! abbatial *ur*1 z x n[ /&s1 7if inde$ x does n[ /&1 = 9 #ahah1 :5 draw+s 7 made = ^! plates1 its demolition 0 proce$+ ) rapidity17 0 *iefly built 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 by ,rob]t ! ,abbot1 :o 0 translat$ f ,jumieges to ! bi%opric ( ,london1 & !nce to ! ar*iepiscopal ?rone ( ,cant]bury4 ,! we/]n front 7see plate #b7 is suppos$ to be c]ta9ly ( t p]iod1 & all v ne>ly ( ! same ra1 ?\gh ! s\!rn t[] is kn[n to be some:at ! mo/ mod]n4 ,! /rik+ diff]5ce 9 ! plan ( ^! t[]s1 might ju/ly lead to ! inf]5ce1 t !re 0 also a mat]ial diff]5ce 9 _! dates1 & t !y 7 n bo? ( !m "p ( ! orig9al plan2 b !re d n appe> to be any gr\nds = su* a supposition4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! contr>y seems to be well e/abli%$2 & ^? :o are be/ acqua9t$ ) ! productions ( ,norman ar*itects1 w sc>cely be surpris$ at anomalies ( ?is nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #c4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,jumieges4 ,p>ts ( ! ,nave4 ,! int]ior ( ! nave 7plate #c7 is also a "w ( ! same p]iod1 except ! l(ty pill>s t support ! cornice1 & ! symbols ( ! evangeli/s t are plac$ ne> ! w9d[s ( ! cl]e/ory4 ,^! 7 additions made t[>ds ! latt] end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! pill>s 7 r5d]$ necess>y by ! bad /ate ( ! ro(3 ! symbols 7 add$ only by way ( ornam5t4 ,!y are ( beautiful sculpture1 &1 z su*1 h lately be5 engrav$ ^u a l>g] scale1 9 an ,acc\nt ( a ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 9 #ahah1 7,,ii4 p4 #bg7 :i* "w also conta9s a g5]al view ( ! ru9s ( ,jumieges1 & a repres5tation ( "s anci5t trefoil ar*es t are v rem>kable4 ,( ! squ>e c5tral t[] "o side only is n[ rema9+4 ,?is t[] 0 despoil$ ( its spire 9 #aeeg4 ,! ,*oir & ,lady-,*apel are almo/ entirely gone4 ,!y 7 ( po9t$ ar*itecture2 & x appe>s t !y 7 erect$ dur+ "s ( ! latt] ye>s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 or at ! comm5cem5t ( ! f\rte5?4 ,9 ! ,lady-,*apel lay ! he>t ( ,agnes ,sorel1 :o di$ at ! neighb\r+ village ( ,mesnil1 on ! n9? ( ,febru>y1 #adej1 :ile h] royal lov]1 ,*>les ,,vii4 0 resid+ at ,jumieges1 int5t ^u ! siege ( ,honfleur4 ,h] body 0 int]r$ 9 ! collegiate *ur* ( ,lo*es 9 ,t\ra9e4 ,^u h] monum5t at ,jumieges 0 orig9ally plac$ h] effigy1 9 ! act ( (f]+ h] he>t to ! ,virg94 ,b ?is /atue 0 de/roy$ by ! ,hugu5ots1 :o are said to h be5 guilty ( ! mo/ culpable excesses 9 ?is mona/]y4 ,agnes' tomb rema9$ till ! revolution1 :5 x 0 swept away ) all ! re/1 &1 among o!rs1 ) "o ( great hi/orical curiosity 9 ! neighb\r+ *ur* d$icat$ to ,/4 ,pet]2 = ! conv5t ( ,jumieges conta9$ two *ur*es1 ! l>g] "u ! invocation ( ! ,holy ,virg91 & a small] by its side1 sacr$ to ! *ief ( ! apo/les4 ,! tomb "h allud$ to 0 call$ by ! "n ( le tombeau des ,en]ves1 or de ,gemellis2 & s mu* importance 0 atta*$ to x1 t x has ev5 be5 suppos$ t ! ,lat9 "n ( ,jumieges1 ,gemeticum1 0 a corruption f ! ^w gemellis4 ,^u ! monum5t 7 figures ( two "y noblem51 int5d$1 z x is said1 to repres5t tw9 sons ( ,clovis & ,ba?ilda1 :o1 = s$ition1 7 puni%$ by be+ ham/rung & conf9$ 9 ?is mona/]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #d4 ,,abbey ,,( ,,jumieges4 ,ar* on ! ,we/ ,front4 ,! ?ird plate ( ,jumieges1 :i* is copi$ f a draw+ by ,miss ,elizabe? ,turn]1 repres5ts a noble ar*-way1 ! entrance to a por* t leads to a gall]y adjo9+ ! =m] cloi/]s1 & kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,knight's ,hall4 ,x is a rem>kably f9e specim5 ( a v e>ly po9t$ ar*1 /ill pres]v+ all ! ornam5ts ( ! semi-circul> /yle1 & display+ !m 9 great ri*ness & beauty4 ,!re is no au?ority = ! date ( ?is gall]y3 nor does x appe> t any hi/orical record is pres]v$ respect+ x4 ,! /yle ( ! ar*itecture w\ld lead to ! ref]r+ ( x1 )\t mu* hesitation1 to ! latt] "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,,plates ,v4-,,xi4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,georges ,,de ,,bo*]ville4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #e4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,georges ,,de ,,bo*]ville4 ,we/ ,front4 ,9 a "w l ! pres5t1 devot$ expressly to ! elucidation ( ! ,ar*itectural ,antiquities ( ,norm&y1 & m p>ticul>ly int5d$ to illu/rate t /yle ( ar*itecture :i* prevail$ dur+ ! "t :5 ! prov9ce 0 gov]n$ by its own ,dukes1 x has appe>$ desirable to select "o or two objects1 & to exhibit !m1 z f> z possible1 9 _! v>i\s details4 ,"u ?is idea1 ! abbey *ur* ( ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville has be5 tak5 f ! upp] division ( ! prov9ce1 & t ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity at ,ca5 f ! l[]4 ,bo? ( ^! are noble edifices2 bo? are 9 ne>ly ! same /ate 9 :i* !y 7 left by ! ,norman ar*itects2 & bo? ( !m are build+s ^: dates may be cit$ ) positive c]ta9ty4 ,! abbey ( ,/4 ,georges 0 situat$ ^u an em95ce on ! "r bank ( ! ,se9e1 two leagues bel[ ,r\54 ,x ow$ its orig9 to ,ralph de ,tanc>ville1 "l ( ! village1 ab\t ! ye> #ajej4 ,a rage = ! build+ & end[+ ( mona/ic e/abli%m5ts prevail$ at t p]iod ?r\gh\t ,norm&y2 & ?is nobleman1 :o _h be5 ! preceptor to ,duke ,william 9 8 y\?1 & 0 aft]w>ds 8 *amb]la91 unwill+ to be outdone by 8 compe]s 9 de$s ( piety & magnific5ce1 f\nd$ ?is mona/]y & built ! *ur* 9 honor ( ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,george4 ,bo? ! conqu]or & 8 que5 assi/$ ! pi\s lab\r by end[m5ts to ! conv5t2 & ,ord]icus ,vitalis relates h[1 ^u ! decease ( ! mon>*1 ! monks ( ,/4 ,g]vais1 at ,r\51 :]e he di$1 made a solemn procession to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville1 !re to (f] up _! pray]s = ! s\l ( _! dep>t$ sov]eign4 ,at ! revolution ! abbatial *ur* 0 =tunate en\gh to become p>o*ial1 & x ?us escap$ ! ru9 9 :i* ne>ly ! :ole ( ! mona/ic build+s ?r\gh\t ,france 7 at t "t involv$4 ,its previ\s good =tune 9 hav+ be5 s v little expos$ to injury or to alt]ation1 is ev5 m to be wond]$ at4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #f4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,georges ,,de ,,bo*]ville4 ,g5]al view4 ,! g5]al view ( ! *ur*1 7plate #f7 = ! draw+ ( :i* ! au?or is indebt$ to ,miss ,elizabe? ,turn]1 is calculat$ to convey a fai?ful idea ( ! effect ( ! :ole4 ,:atev] is "h se5 is purely ,norman1 except ! spire2 & ^u ! subject ( spires antiqu>ies are f> f be+ agre$3 "s reg>d+ !m z a comp>atively mod]n inv5tion1 :ile o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 believe t ! use ( !m may be trac$ to a v remote p]iod4 ,! semi-circul> ea/ end1 ) a ro( ( high pit*1 ! w9d[s sep>at$ by %all[ buttresses1 or by sl5d] cyl9drical pill>s1 & ! grotesque corbel-table1 are1 all ( !m1 *>act]i/ics ( ! e>ly ,norman /yle3 a great] peculi>ity ( ! pres5t build+1 & "o inde$ t is f\nd 9 b few o!rs1 lies 9 ! small semi-circul> *apels atta*$ to ! sides ( ! transepts4 ,! we/ front 7plate #e7 exhibits a deviation f ! g5]al /yle ( ! *ur*1 9 ! two t[]s ) :i* x is flank$4 ,! %ape ( ! ar*es 9 ^! pla9ly indicates a lat] ra2 b !y are e>ly in/ances ( po9t$ ar*itecture4 ,! gr& entrance is display$ ^u a l>g] scale 9 ! sev5? plate4 ,! ornam5ts to ?is door-way are ri* & v>i$1 & !re are b few f9] portals 9 ,norm&y4 ,b 9 specim5s ( ?is description ! du*y is f> f be+ able to be> a comp>ison ) ,engl&4 ,x w\ld be difficult1 p]haps impossible1 to assign a satisfactory reason = ?is circum/ance2 & yet ! fact is s obvi\s1 t x _c fail to h occurr$ to e "o :o has paid any att5tion to ! ar*itecture ( ! two c\ntries4 ,9 ! int]ior ( ! *ur* !re is sc>cely an ar*itectural anomaly to be discov]$4 ,! only alt]ations are ^? :i* 7 r5d]$ necess>y by ! injuries done to ! build+ 9 ! religi\s w>s1 dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury2 & ! repairs on t occasion ext5d$ only to a portion ( ! ro(1 & ( ! upp] "p ( ! wall on ! s\? side ( ! nave4 ,z a satisfactory specim5 ( ! "* ( ! :ole ( ! inside1 ! s\? transept has be5 select$ = ! subject ( ! eigh? plate4 ,9 ?is1 h[ev]1 z well z 9 ! opposite "o1 !re is a peculi>ity :i* requires to be notic$2 t1 )9 ! *ur*1 at ! di/ance ( a few feet f ! end wall1 is plac$ a column1 f :i* an ar* spr+s on ei!r side1 occupy+ ! :ole wid? ( ! transept1 & ?us =m+ an op5 scre54 ,! scre5 t]m9ates1 above1 9 a pla9 flat wall1 :i* is c>ri$ to b a v %ort di/ance high] ?an ! ar*es1 s z to be ne>ly on a l9e ) ! tri=ium4 ,! same arrangem5t exi/s also 9 "s o!r *ur*es 9 ,norm&y2 z 9 t ( ! royal abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph5 at ,ca51 9 ! abbey *ur* at ,c]isy1 9 ! abbey *ur* at ,fcamp1 & 9 ! ca!dral at ,sez4 ,9 ! two la/ m5tion$ build+s1 x is f\nd connect$ ) ! po9t$ ar*itecture4 ,at ,c]isy1 a *ur*1 erect$ ,a4,d4 #ajcj1 by ,rob]t1 fa!r to ! ,conqu]or1 ! scre5 is surm\nt$ by a r[ ( sev5te5 semi-circul> ar*es1 :i* rise to ab\t half ! height ( ! columns ( ! tri=ium1 & =m an elegant p>apet4 ,x is possible t !re may h be5 orig9ally "s decoration ( ! same k9d at ,/4 ,georges4 ,at ,fcamp1 ! scre5 is c>ri$ up to ! ro( by ?ree ti]s1 ea* consi/+ ( ?ree ar*es2 & ! recess ?us made1 is /ill us$ z a *apel1 hav+ an alt> at ! ea/ end1 &1 9 ! c5tre1 an anci5t font4 ,su* may h be5 orig9ally ! case at ,/4 ,georges2 & ?us we may acc\nt = ! small semi-circul> additions to ! transepts1 "o ( :i* is visible 9 ! g5]al view ( ! *ur*4 ,mr4 ,cotman1 h[ev]1 sugge/s ano!r idea1 :i* may h ent]$ into ! m9d ( ! ar*itect ( ,/4 ,georges2 t1 by means ( ?is scre5 at ! end ( ! transepts1 ! aisles ( ! nave w\ld receive app>5t l5g?2 f ! columns1 :i* =m ! scre51 rang+ 9 a l9e ) ^? ( ! out] walls ( ! *ur*4 ,among our ,engli% ecclesia/ical build+s1 !re are simil> scre5s 9 ! transepts ( ,w9*e/] ca!dral#b1 :]e ! portion ( ! *ur* t rema9s 9 its orig9al /ate1 greatly resembles1 9 its ar*itecture1 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville1 & is kn[n to h be5 erect$ at ne>ly ! same date#c4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #g4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,georges ,,de ,,bo*]ville4 ,we/ entrance4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #h4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,georges ,,de ,,bo*]ville4 ,s\? ,transept4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #i4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,georges ,,de ,,bo*]ville4 ,sculptur$ ,capitals4 ,)9 ! sp&rils ( ! ar*es1 j m5tion$1 are two highly curi\s bas-reliefs1 figur$ "h 9 ! t5? plate1 & m>k$ ,a & ,b4 ,!y are on squ>e tablets1 cut out ( ! solid /one1 9 ! same mann] z ! blocks ( a /one engrav+2 ! rims be+ left elevat$1 s z to =m rude frames4 ,"o ( !m repres5ts a prelate1 :o holds a crozi] 9 8 left h&1 :ile ! fir/ two f+]s ( ! "r are elevat$ 9 ! action ( giv+ ! bless+4 ,bel[ him are two small heads2 b x w\ld be z difficult to conjecture :at !y are int5d$ to typify1 or :y !y are plac$ !re1 z x w\ld be to /ate ! mean+ ( ! arti/1 9 hav+ repres5t$ ! :ole ( 8 ve/m5t z compos$ ( p>allel diagonal l9es4 ,9 ! opposite bas-relief1 are se5 two knights on horseback1 9 ! act ( j\/+2 z rude a piece ( sculpture1 especially ) respect to ! size & =m ( ! /e$s1 z c well be imag9$2 & yet x possesses a degree ( _s1 wor?y ( a bett] age4 ,! %ields ( ! rid]s are oblong2 _! tilt+ spe>s po9tless2 _! conical helmets t]m9ate 9 a nasal bel[1 l ! figures 9 ! ,bayeux tape/ry4 ,?is co9cid5ce1 z has be5 obs]v$ else:]e#d1 is int]e/+1 z decid+ a po9t ( "s mom5t t[>ds e/abli%+ ! antiquity ( t celebrat$ relic1 by sett+ x beyond a d\bt1 t su* helmets 7 us$ ant]ior to ! conque/2 = x is c]ta91 t ^! basso-relievos are coeval ) ! build+ t conta9s !m4 ,! nave ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,georges is1 9 its height1 divid$ into ?ree comp>tm5ts3 ! l[e/ consi/s ( a r[ ( squ>e1 massy pi]s1 v>i$ only by a few small columns atta*$ to _! angles1 & connect$ by wide ar*es1 :i* are g5]ally )\t any o!r ornam5t ?an pla9 flut$ m\ld+s2 ! second comp>tm5t1 or tri=ium1 is compos$ ( a uni=m s]ies ( small ar*es1 brok51 at int]vals1 by ! truncat$ columns2 :i*1 support+ ! gro9+s ( ! ro( above1 t]m9ate abruptly bel[1 ne>ly ^u a level ) ! capitals ( ! l[e/ ar*es2 9 ! cl]e/ory1 ! ar*es are also simple & unornam5t$2 _! size ne>ly int]m$iate betwe5 ^? ( ! fir/ & second ti]s4 ,x is almo/ ne$less to m5tion1 t1 9 a p]fect build+1 ( su* a date1 ! :ole ( ! ar*es are semi-circul>4 ,! same is equally ! case 9 ! *oir2 b ?is "p ( ! edifice is consid]ably ri*] 9 its ar*itectural decorations2 & ! noble ar*1 :i* sep>ates x f ! nave1 is surr\nd$ ) a broad b& ( ! embattl$ m\ld+1 inclos+ two o!rs ( ! *evron m\ld+4 ,a /r+-c\rse1 ( unusual size1 =m$ ( :at is call$ ! cable ornam5t1 goes r\nd ! :ole int]ior ( ! build+4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! semi-circul> ea/ end1 %ews a /rik+ resemblance betwe5 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,georges & ,norwi* ca!dral2 & ^? :o take pleasure 9 rese>*es ( ?is description1 w d well to trace ! po9ts ( simil>ity ?r\gh o!r p>ts ( ! edifices4 ,! two k+doms c sc>cely boa/ m noble1 or m p]fect build+s1 ( ! ,norman /yle2 & !re is ! f>!r advantage1 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! p]iods ( _! respective erection is b small4 ,our ,engli% ca!dral rose 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! reign ( ,william ,rufus1 :5 8 foll[]1 ,h]b]t de ,los+a1 :o1 n cont5t ) hav+ pur*as$ ! bi%opric = #aijj1 b\ght also ! abbacy ( ,w9*e/] = 8 fa!r1 = #ajjj1 0 cit$ be=e ! ,pope = ?is d\ble act ( simony1 &1 ) difficulty1 reta9$ 8 mitre1 ^u ! condition ( build+ sundry *ur*es & mona/]ies4 ,norwi* has1 inde$1 a sup]iority 9 its t[]1 9 reg>d to :i*1 x may safely be put 9 competition ) any edifice ( ! same /yle1 9 ,norm&y or 9 ,engl&4 ,= beauty1 ri*ness1 v>iety1 & purity ( ornam5t1 !re is no?+ l x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,norwi* has und]gone v>i\s alt]ations1 z well 9 its int]ior1 z its ext]ior#e1 & x has no decoration ( ! same description comp>able ) ! capitals 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,georges4 ,^! are s curi\s1 t x has be5 ?\ght "r to devote to !m ! n9? & t5? plates ( ?is "w#f4 ,! capitals ne> ! we/ end ( ! *ur*1 are comp>atively simple3 !y become consid]ably m elaborate on advanc+ t[>ds ! *oir2 & x is mo/ int]e/+ to obs]ve 9 !m1 h[ ! ,norman ar*itects appe>1 9 "s in/ances1 to h be5 int5t ^u copy+ ! ,roman model1 or ev5 add+ to x a luxury ( ornam5t1 :i* x nev] knew1 yet /ill pres]v+ a classical feel+ & a /yle ( beauty1 ( :i* ! pr\de/ ages ( ar*itecture ne$ n be a%am$2 :ile1 9 o!r cases1 ! rud5ess ( ! design & execution is su*1 t x c sc>cely be conceiv$1 b t !y 7 execut$ by a b>b>\s p1 j em]g$ f _! hyp]borean woods1 & equally /rang]s to ! cultivation ( art1 & ! f9] feel+s ( humanity4 ,& yet1 ev5 9 "s ( ^? ( ! latt] description1 att5tive obs]vation may lead to traces ( classical fables1 or repres5tations ( ! holy my/]ies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,?us1 "o ( ! capitals#g seems design$ to portray ! good ,%eph]d & ! ,lamb2 ano!r#h appe>s to allude to ! battle betwe5 ! foll[]s ( neas & ! ,h>pies4 ,x w\ld n1 p]haps1 be go+ too f>1 to say1 t _m ( ! o!rs h ref]5ce to ! nor!rn my?ology1 & "s ( !m1 probably1 to ,sc&9avian hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aj4 ,,capitals ,,9 ,,! ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,georges ,,de ,,bo*]ville4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aa4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,georges ,,de ,,bo*]ville4 ,sculpture 9 ! ,cloi/]s4 ,9 ! *apt]-h\se1 :i* /&s betwe5 ! *ur* & ! mona/ic build+s1 ! capitals are decid$ly hi/orical1 & exhibit an app>5t connection v unusual 9 simil> cases4 ,! elev5? plate conta9s "s ( ^!#i4 ,ano!r1 & ( ! greate/ curiosity1 n[ lo/1 has be5 et*$ 9 ,mr4 ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 f a draw+ by ,m4 ,langlois1 a v able & indefatigable arti/ ( ,r\54 ,x repres5ts a s]ies ( royal m9/rels1 play+ ^u diff]5t musical in/rum5ts4 ,?is "p ( ! build+ is kn[n to h be5 erect$ t[>ds ! close ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & is consequ5tly an hundr$ ye>s po/]ior to ! *ur*4 ,x is n[ extremely dilapidat$1 & employ$ z a mill4 ,! capitals "h figur$1 are tak5 f ?ree ar*es t =m$ ! we/]n front4 ,! sculpture 9 ! upp] l9e1 & 9 a portion ( ! second1 mo/ probably ref]s to "s ( ! leg5ds ( ,norman /ory3 ! rema9d] seems int5d$ to repres5t ! miracul\s passage ( ,jordan & ! capture ( ,j]i*o1 by ! ,israelites1 "u ! comm& ( ,jo%ua4 ,! deta*$ m\ld+ on ! same plate1 is copi$ f ! ar*ivolt ( "o ( ^! ar*es3 ! /yle ( its ornam5t is altoge!r peculi>4 ,to ! pill>s t support ! same ar*es1 are atta*$ :ole-l5g? figures1 9 high relief1 ( less ?an ! natural size4 ,two ( !m repres5t females2 ! ?ird1 a man2 & "o ( ! =m] has h] hair dispos$ 9 long braid$ tresses1 t rea* on ei!r side to a girdle4 ,all ( !m hold labels ) inscriptions1 :i* fall d[n to _! feet 9 front4 ,! braid$ locks1 & ! g5]al /yle ( sculpture1 %ew a resemblance betwe5 ^! /atues & ^? on ! portals ( ! *ur*es ( ,/4 ,d5ys & ,*>tres1 z well z ^? :i* /ood =m]ly at ! entrance ( ,/4 ,g]ma9 des ,prs1 at ,p>is1 all :i* are figur$ by ,montfaucon1 9 8 ,monum5s de la ,mon>*ie ,franaise1 & by him ref]r$ to ! sov]eigns ( ! ,m]ov+ian dyna/y2 b h be5 believ$1 by subsequ5t writ]s1 to be ! productions ( ! elev5? or twelf? c5tury1 an op9ion :i* ! /atues at ,/4 ,georges may be consid]$ to confirm4 ,,notes3 #b ,see ,britton's ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral1 gr\nd plan & plate #ab4 #c ,miln]'s ,w9*e/]1 ,i4 p4 #aid4--,o!r au?ors1 ,i am well aw>e1 & ^? ( great weight1 h said mu* ) reg>d to ! ,saxon "w at ,w9*e/]2 b1 ?\gh ,i h exam9$ ! build+ itself1 & ! v>i\s publications respect+ x1 ) "s c>e1 ,i confess ,i h met ) no portion t did n appe> to me to be truly ,norman4 #d ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #aj4 #e ,! complete uni=mity ( /yle ?r\gh\t ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,georges1 jo9$ to ! abs5ce ( all scre5s or o!r objects :atev]1 t might int]cept ! sight f we/ to ea/1 produces an effect1 n only gr&1 b altoge!r deceptive4 ,x is impossible n to admit ! sup]ior judgm5t ( ! ,fr5*1 9 ?us keep+ _! religi\s edifices free f incumbrances2 x is sc>cely possible1 too1 n to feel p]suad$1 t ! ,norman *ur* is l>g] ?an ! ,engli%1 ?\gh _! respective dim5sions are 9 reality z foll[s3 ,,norwi*4 ,,/4 ,,georges4 ,l5g? ( nave #bjj feet #ace feet -------- *oir #ahc #ib -------- transepts #ahj #ajb ,wid? ( ! nave ) aisles #gj #fd-a_/b #f ,9 ! =m] ( ^! plates1 ! capitals1 m>k$ ,nos4 #a1 #f1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 & #ab1 are tak5 f ! ext]ior ( ! ea/ end2 ,nos4 #b1 #f1 & #g1 f ! nave2 & ,nos4 #c1 #d1 & #aa1 f ! door-way4 ,9 ! latt] plate1 ! ext]ior ( ! ea/ end has suppli$ ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #f1 #g1 #h1 & #aj2 ! nave1 ,nos4 #d & #i2 & ! door-way1 ,no4 #e4 #g ,plate #aj1 ,no4 #h4 #h ,plate #aj1 ,no4 #e4 #i ,x may be well to rem>k1 t ?is plate conta9s five capitals1 ! ext5t ( ea* ( :i* may be di/+ui%$ by ! small crosses above4 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,gr,,ville4 7,,end ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,transept47 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ab4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,gr,,ville4 ,! *ur* ( ,grville1 l t ( ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville1 ?\gh n[ p>o*ial1 01 be=e ! revolution1 mona/ic1 be+ atta*$ to ! priory ( ! same "n1 beautifully situat$ on an em95ce ne> ! m\? ( ! ,se9e1 at ! di/ance ( half a league f ,havre de ,grce4 ,! orig9 ( ?is mona/]y is ref]r$1 9 ! ,neu/ria ,pia#aj1 to ab\t ! ye> #aajj2 b no?+ is kn[n ) c]ta9ty respect+ x till #abjc1 :5 ,walt]1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 confirm$1 by 8 approbation1 ! f\ndation ( regul> canons e/abli%$ "h by ,william ,malet1 "l ( ! village1 :i* is call$ 9 ! ,lat9 ( ^? times1 ,gir>di ,villa1 or ,g]aldi ,villa4 ,! mod]n "n ( ,grville is suppos$ to be an abbreviation ( ^!4 ,! canons ?us fix$ "h1 _h be5 br\ght f ,/4 ,b>be 9 ,auge1 & 7 end[$ by ! f\nd] ) all ! l&s he possess$ 9 ,norm&y & ,engl&4 ,by subsequ5t de$s1 "o ( !m dat$ z late z ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 diff]5t memb]s ( ! same family cont9u$ _! donations to ! priory4 ,! la/ m5tion$ 0 ,l\is ,malet1 admiral ( ,france1 ^: "n is also to be f\nd among ! b5efactors to ,r\5 ca!dral1 z hav+ giv5 a great bell ( six hundr$ & sixty-six p\nds weight1 :i*1 previ\sly to ! revolution1 hung 9 ! c5tral t[]4 ,william ,malet1 ! f\nd] ( ,grville1 0 "o ( ! ,norman *iefta9s :o f\ght "u ! ,conqu]or at ! battle ( ,ha/+s#aa2 & he is said to h be5 select$ by 8 pr9ce1 on t occasion1 to take *>ge ( ! body ( ,h>old1 & see x dec5tly int]r$4 ,writ]s1 h[ev]1 are n agre$ ^u ?is po9t3 ,knighton1 on ! au?ority ( ,giraldus ,cambr5sis1 ass]ts t1 ?\gh ,h>old fell 9 ! battle1 he 0 n sla92 b1 escap+1 retir$ to a cell ne> ,/4 ,john's *ur*1 9 ,*e/]1 & di$ !re an an*oret1 z 0 own$ by himself 9 8 la/ confession1 :5 he lay dy+2 9 memory :]e(1 !y %ew$ 8 tomb :5 ,knighton wrote4 ,rap91 on ! o!r h&1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,engl& obs]ves1 t an anci5t manuscript 9 ! ,cottonian libr>y1 relates1 t ! k+'s body 0 h>d to be kn[n1 by reason ( its be+ cov]$ ) w\nds2 b t1 x 0 at la/ discov]$ by "o :o _h be5 8 mi/ress1 by means ( c]ta9 private m>ks1 kn[n only to h]self2 :]eupon ! duke s5t ! body to 8 "m )\t ransom1 ?\gh %e is said to h (f]$ him its weight 9 gold4 ,ne>ly ! same /ory is told 9 ! ,ge/a ,gulielmi ,ductis#ab1 writt5 by ,william1 ar*deacon ( ,lisieux1 a contempor>y au?or4 ,ord]icus ,vitalis#ac m5tions ,william ,malet two ye>s aft]w>ds1 z comm&+ ! ,conqu]or's =ces 9 ,york1 :5 besieg$ by ! ,danes & a l>ge body ( conf$]ates1 "u ! comm& ( ,edg> ,a!l+ & o!r *iefta9s2 & we f9d t 8 son1 ,rob]t1 receiv$ f ! same k+1 ! honor ( ,eye1 9 ,suffolk1 toge!r ) two hundr$ & tw5ty-"o lord%ips 9 ! same c\nty2 & _m o!rs 9 ,hamp%ire1 ,essex1 ,l9coln1 ,nott+ham1 & ,york4 ,?is ,rob]t held ! (fice ( great *amb]la9 ( ,engl&1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ( ,h5ry ,i2 b1 only 9 ! second ye> ( x1 he atta*$ himself to ! cause ( ,rob]t ,cur?ose1 = :i* he 0 dis9h]it$ & bani%$4 ,) him appe>s to h end$ ! greatness ( ! family1 9 ,engl&4 ,! *ur* ( ,grville 0 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,honor9a1 a virg9 m>tyr1 ^: relics 7 pres]v$ !re 9 ! times ant]ior to ! ,norman invasion2 b 7 !n transport$ to ,conflans ^u ! ,m>ne4 ,pet] de ,natalibus1 copi\s z he is 9 8 ,hagiology1 has no notice ( ,honor9a1 ^: influ5ce 0 nev]!less mo/ extraord9>y 9 releas+ prison]s f fett]s2 & ^: alt>s 7 accord+ly hung r\nd ) an abundance ( *a9s & in/rum5ts ( torture4 ,! au?or ( ! ,neu/ria ,pia1 :o atte/s _m ( h] miracles ( ?is description1 relates1 t h] sanctity ext5d$ ev5 to ! horse :i* %e rode1 insomu*1 t1 :5 ! body ( ! bea/ 0 ?r[n1 aft] its dea?1 z c>rion to ! dogs1 !y all refus$ to t\* x2 & ! monks1 9 commemoration ( ! miracle1 employ$ ! sk9 = a cov]+ to ! *ur* door1 :]e x rema9$ till ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,except t[>ds ! we/ end1 :i* is 9 ru9s1 & has q lo/ ! portal & t[]s t flank$ x1 ! *ur* ( ,grville /ill cont9ues tol]ably entire3 9 its /yle & g5]al outl9e1 b p>ticul>ly 9 its c5tral t[] & spire1 x be>s a consid]able resemblance to t ( ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville4 ,ar*itecturally reg>d$1 h[ev]1 x is v inf]ior to t noble edifice2 b ! end ( ! nor? transept1 select$ = ! subject ( ! pres5t plate1 w1 9 po9t ( int]e/1 sc>cely yield to any o!r build+ 9 ,norm&y4 ,! r[ ( sculptures imm$iately above ! w9d[s1 is probably unique3 among !m is ! ,sagitt>y1 v di/9ctly portray$2 & ne> him1 an animal1 probably design$ = a horse1 ^: tail ends 9 a decid$ fleur-de-lys1 :ile he holds 9 8 m\? :at appe>s int5d$ to repres5t ano!r4 ,! figure ( ! ,sagitt>y is also repeat$ ^u "o ( ! capitals ( ! nave1 :i* are altoge!r ( ! same /yle ( art1 z ! mo/ b>b>\s at ,/4 ,georges1 & n less fanciful4 ,! int]lac$ ar*es1 ) flat surfaces1 t inclose ! w9d[s imm$iately b5ea? ! sculptures1 may be mat*$ by simil> r[s 9 ! ext]ior ( ! abbey *ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph51 at ,ca51 & on ! end ( ! nor? transept ( ,norwi* ca!dral4 ,x appe>s likewise1 f ,mr4 ,c>t]'s "w on ,e>ly ,engli% ,ar*itecture1 7plate #bc7 t o!rs1 resembl+ !m1 l9e ! l[e/ /ory ( ! ea/ end ( ,tick5cote *ur*1 9 ,rutl&%ire4 ,?is circum/ance is ! r m5tion$ "h1 z t able antiqu>y reg>ds ! *ur* z a specim5 ( true ,saxon ar*itecture2 :]eas x may safely be affirm$1 t !re is no "p ( x1 z figur$ by him1 b may be exactly p>allel$ f ,norm&y4 ,! same may also be said ( almo/ e individual in/ance t he has produc$ z illu/rations ( ! /yle 9 use among our ,saxon prog5itors4 ,9 ,grville1 a s]ies ( simil> ar*es is cont9u$ along ! we/ side ( ! nor? transept2 &1 judg+ f ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! *ur*1 x may be believ$ t x is ( a prior date to any ( ! o!rs j m5tion$4 ,a consid]able portion ( ! mona/ic build+s is /ill rema9+2 b !y are comp>atively mod]n4--,a li?ographic plate ( ?is mona/]y 0 publi%$ at ,p>is1 by ,b\rgeois1 9 #ahah4 ,,notes3 #aj ,p4 #hfa4 #aa ,bankes' ,ext9ct ,pe]age1 ,i4 p4 #abf4 #ab ,du*esne1 ,scriptores ,normanni1 p4 #bjd4 #ac ,ibid4 p4 #eab4 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,/4 ,,sauveur ,,le ,,vicomte4#ad ,! orig9 ( ! ca/le1 "h figur$1 is coeval ) ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,normans1 9 ! prov9ce :i* n[ be>s _! "n4 ,! inv5tory ( ! anci5t b>ony ( ,/4 ,sauveur1 %ews t1 9 #iab1 ! ye> :5 ,*>les ! ,simple c$$ ,norm&y to ,rollo1 ! new duke grant$ ?is great lord%ip1 "u ! common obligations ( feudal t5ure1 to ,ri*>d1 "o ( ! pr9cipal *iefta9s :o _h att5d$ him f ,norway4 ,9 #iac1 ,ri*>d f\nd$ 9 8 ca/le a *apel1 :i*1 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 0 d$icat$ to ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 by ,h]b]t1 ,bi%op ( ,c\tances4 ,_m ( ! desc5dants ( ,ri*>d bore ! "n ( ,nel2 & x 0 ^u ! fir/ ( ^? s call$1 t ,duke ,william ,longue ,epe conf]r$ ! title ( visc\nt1 ab\t ! ye> #ich4 ,9 #iih1 ,ri*>d1 ! second ( t "n1 e/abli%$ 9 8 ca/le ( ,/4 ,sauveur1 ) ! sanction ( ,hugh1 ,bi%op ( ,c\tances1 a collegiate *ur*1 consi/+ ( f\r preb5ds4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 ,nel de ,/4 ,sauveur took up arms aga9/ ! disput$ title ( t sov]eign1 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 8 l&s 7 confiscat$1 & he himself compell$ to seek an asylum 9 ,brittany4 ,?is is suppos$ to h happ5$ 9 #ajdg2 b ! ang] ( ! (f5d$ duke 0 %ort-liv$2 = ! v next ye>1 !re is an acc\nt ( ,william's re/or+ to ,nel ! lord%ip ( ,/4 ,sauveur1 9 consid]ation ( ! s]vices he _h r5d]$ him4 ,! same l5ity1 h[ev]1 0 n %ewn ) reg>d to ,nel's lord%ip ( ,neh\2 = ?is 0 p]man5tly ali5at$1 & 0 grant$ to ! family ( ,rivi]s1 or ,r$v]s1 :o1 "s ye>s aft]w>ds1 became p[]ful 9 ,engl&1 :]e !y _h a grant ( ! ,isle ( ,wight1 9 fee1 & 7 creat$1 by ,h5ry ,i4 ,e>ls ( ,devon%ire4 ,! collegiate *ur*1 f\nd$ 9 ! ca/le ( ,/4 ,sauveur dur+ ! prec$+ c5tury1 0 suppress$ 9 #ajdh1 on acc\nt ( "s umbrage tak5 by ! *iefta9 at ! conduct ( ! canons2 & he e/abli%$1 9 _! room1 a conv5t ( ,b5$ict9es1 ^: successors1 remov+ )\t ! prec9cts ( ! =tress1 erect$ ! abbey1 ! subject ( ! foll[+ plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ac4 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,/4 ,,sauveur ,,le ,,vicomte4 ,! "n ( ,/4 ,sauveur is to be f\nd 9 ! li/ ( (fic]s :o accompani$ ! ,conqu]or to ,engl&2 & ! records ( ^? times also pres]ve ! remembrance ( "o ,nel1 :o 0 sla9 at ,c>diff1 9 #ajgh4 ,! troops1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,ct5t91 7 at ! conque/1 comm&$ by ,rob]t1 ,c\nt ( ,morta91 half-bro!r to ! duke1 :o1 mo/ probably1 0 indebt$ to ?is ne> degree ( relation%ip = s pr\d a m>k ( di/9ction4 ,! family ( ,nel did n reta9 mu* long] possession ( ,/4 ,sauveur3 ! "l ( ! ca/le di$ 9 #ajib1 leav+ only a daught]1 nam$ ,ltitia1 :o m>ri$ ,j\rda9 ,taisson1 or ,tesson1 & br\ght to him ^! possessions z h] d[ry4 ,aft] ! expiration ( ab\t a c5tury1 a simil> ev5t depriv$ ! ,taissons ( ,/4 ,sauveur4 ,jane1 ! la/ ( t family1 =m$ an alliance ) ! ,h>c\rts1 & ) !m ! lord%ip rema9$ till ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 ! doma9s ( ,g(froy d',h>c\rt 7 confiscat$ = felony1 & ! ca/le w\ld h pass$ into ! h&s ( a new ma/]1 _h n ! successes ( our sov]eign1 ,edw>d ,,iii4 int]f]$1 & /opp$ ! effects ( ! confiscation4 ,hi/ory1 f ?is "t =w>d1 speaks m decid$ly z to ! /r5g? ( ! =tress3 at ! "t ( ! battle ( ,poiti]s1 ,g(froy d',h>c\rt ma9ta9$ himself "h1 at ! head ( a num]\s g>rison1 compos$ ( troops f ,engl& & ,nav>re1 &1 n only bade defiance to ! sup]ior =ce ( ! ,fr5* g5]als1 b ext5d$ 8 ravages ov] ! :ole ( ,l[] ,norm&y4 ,! abbey ( ,lessay1 & ca!dral ( ,c\tances1 p>ticul>ly suff]$ f 8 attacks4 ,to ! latt]1 he _h actually laid siege1 :5 a deta*m5t s5t aga9/ him1 by ! reg5t & ! /ates ( ! k+dom1 oblig$ him to turn 8 att5tion homew>d2 & 8 =ces 7 defeat$1 & himself sla94 ,! ca/le1 on ?is occasion1 af=d$ safe %elt] to ! fugitives2 &1 9 consequ5ce ( ,h>c\rt's dea?1 pass+ into ! h&s ( ! ,k+ ( ,engl&1 01 by him1 suppli$ ) a g>rison ( f\r hundr$ m51 "u ! comm& ( ,jehan ,lisle1 & 0 almo/ imm$iately aft]w>ds be/[$1 by ,edw>d1 ^u ,sir ,john ,*&os1 z a rew>d = 8 em95t s]vices4 ,! =tifications1 "u ! c>e ( ?is able capta91 und]w5t a ?or\gh repair 9 ! ye> #acfj2 & x is believ$ t1 ^u ?is occasion1 ! keep 0 pr9cipally1 if n altoge!r1 rebuilt2 ! same broad squ>e t[]1 :i* is n[ /&+1 & is ! pr9cipal feature 9 ! ru9s4 ,! labor ?us be/[$ ^u ,/4 ,sauveur1 r5d]$ x "o ( ! pr9cipal po/s ( ! du*y4 ,rym]1 by :om x is repeat$ly m5tion$1 expressly /ates1 t our c\ntrym5 ma9ta9$ 9 x a num]\s g>rison1 :o1 aft] ! battle ( ,auray1 lord$ x )\t re/ra9t ov] ! neighbor+ p>ts1 & 7 guilty ( su* excesses1 t1 9 #acgd1 ,*>les ,v4 !n ,k+ ( ,france1 0 induc$ to s5d aga9/ !m a p[]ful armam5t1 bo? by sea & l&1 "u ,sir ,john ( ,vi5ne1 admiral ( ! k+dom1 assi/$ by all ! b>ons & knights ( ,brittany & ,norm&y4 ,/4 ,sauveur 01 at t "t1 9 ! h&s ( ,sir ,aleyne ,boxhull1 to :om ,edw>d _h giv5 x1 aft] ! dea? ( ,sir ,john ,*&os2 b he1 himself1 0 !n 9 ,engl&2 &1 accord+ to ,froiss>t#ae1 he _h left !re z gov]nor a squire1 call$ ,c>5ton1 or ,katr+ton1 ) ,sir ,?omas ,cornet1 ,john de ,burgh1 & ! ?ree bro!rs ,maulevri]s1 ) :om !re might be ab\t six score companions1 all arm$1 & ready = def5ce4 ,?is h&ful ( m5 made a long & ob/9ate resi/ance1 :i*1 at l5g?1 t]m9at$ 9 a truce = six weeks1 accompani$ ) a /ipulation1 t1 unless previ\sly reliev$1 ! =tress %\ld be surr5d]$ ^u a c]ta9 day ( ,july1 #acge4 ,! "t came2 no relief arriv$2 & ! ,fr5* took possession ( ,/4 ,sauveur2 ?\gh n )\t _m remon/rances on ! "p ( ! besieg$1 :o cont5d$1 t ! treaty ( ,bruges1 :i* _h be5 sign$ 9 ! int]im by ! two sov]eigns1 & _h e/abli%$ a g5]al truce1 ought also to h ! effect ( sup]s$+ all p>tial treaties4 ,m5tion is made1 ^u ?is occasion1 ( a consid]able sum ( money1 :i* 0 to be paid to ! g>rison1 ^u _! evacuat+ ! ca/le4 ,! fact1 ?\gh unnotic$ by ,froiss>t & ,hol9%$1 c\ld n b h be5 notori\s2 = x appe>s1 t ,john ( ,vi5ne assembl$ ! ?ree /ates ( ! prov9ce at ,bayeux1 = ! purpose ( rais+ ! money2 & ,rym] tells u1 t ! papal legates 7 appo9t$ by ! respective p>ties1 z deposit>ies1 bo? ( ! money & ! ca/le1 till all ! /ipulations %\ld be fulfill$4 ,9 ?is circum/ance1 we f9d an explanation ( ! dea? ( ,katr+ton1 on :i* ,hol9%$ dwells at consid]able l5g?1 giv+ a mo/ curi\s & int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! circum/ances att5d+ x#af4 ,sir ,john ,anneslie1 :o _h m>ri$ ! niece ( ,sir ,john ,*&os1 &1 on t acc\nt1 claim$ ! inh]itance ( ,/4 ,sauveur1 ) ! l&s app]ta9+ to ! ca/le1 *>g$ ,katr+ton ) treason1 9 ! matt] ( ! surr5d]2 &1 aft] consid]able difficulties1 prevail$ ^u ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,ii 9 ! ?ird ye> ( 8 reign1 to suff] ! po9t to be e/abli%$ by s+le combat4 ,! ev5t ( ! conte/ 0 consid]$ to make good ! *>ge4 ,accord+ to ,hol9%$1 ,katr+ton1 :o 0 a v /rong man1 :ile 8 adv]s>y 0 mu* ! contr>y1 0 s griev\sly w\nd$ 9 ! fight1 t he di$ ! foll[+ day4 ,dugdale & ,fabian1 h[ev]1 /ate1 t he 0 dragg$ to ,tyburn1 & !re hang$ = 8 treason4 ,! ,k+ ( ,france1 ^u recov]+ possession ( ,/4 ,sauveur1 conf]r$ ! lord%ip ^u ,bureau de la ,rivi]e1 8 *amb]la93 f him1 x pass$1 9 #acib1 into ! h&s ( ,john ,*>les1 ,"l ( ,evry1 :o /ill held x 9 #adag1 :5 our ,k+ ,h5ry once m br\ght x "u ! sway ( ! ,engli% sceptre4 ,dur+ ! succe$+ un=tunate reign1 ?is ca/le %>$1 9 #adej1 ! fate ( all ! o!r ,briti% possessions 9 ,norm&y2 &1 l mo/ ( ! re/1 x (f]$ b a feeble resi/ance to ! victori\s arms ( ,france4 ,a few days' siege 0 suffici5t to induce its g>rison1 ( two hundr$ m51 to surr5d]1 :at ! contempor>y hi/orians admit to h be5 "o ( ! f9e/ & /ronge/ places 9 ! du*y4 ,/4 ,sauveur1 f ?is "t1 is no long] celebrat$ 9 hi/ory1 z a =tress2 nor1 inde$1 does x ev5 appe> to be m5tion$ z su*1 except 9 ! ,memoirs ( ,m>%al de ,matignon1 :]e a dem& is /at$ to h be5 made = ?irty m5 to g>rison x4 ,9 all probability1 ! *ange produc$ 9 ! art ( w>f>e1 by ! introduction ( cannon1 caus$ x sil5tly to pass into insignificance1 & !n gradually to s9k into its pres5t wret*$ /ate ( dilapidation4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 an hospital 0 e/abli%$ )9 its walls2 & ! same /ill subsi/s1 b 9 great pov]ty1 9 consequ5ce ( ! funds hav+ be5 ali5at$1 or lo/1 dur+ ! revolution4 ,( ! anci5t =tifications ( ! ca/le1 ! great] "p exi/s1 ei!r entire1 or suffici5tly s to be trac$4 ,! mo/ important ( all1 ! keep1 is p]fect 9 its ext]ior1 b has be5 s completely gutt$ )91 t ! orig9al situation ( ! floors & beams is n to be discov]$ )\t difficulty4 ,! two ballia likewise rema93 ! l>g]1 :i* def5d$ ! keep2 ! less]1 9 ! =m ( a cresc5t1 design$ to oppose ! approa* ( an enemy on ! side ( ! t[n4 ,t[>ds ! nor?1 ! small riv]1 ! ,ouve1 =m$ a natural def5ce4 ,on ! s\?1 are /ill to be se5 two gates1 ( :i*1 t lead+ to ! dungeon 0 consid]ably ! /rong]4 ,x 0 def5d$ by ! works1 commonly employ$ f ! f\rte5? to ! sixte5? c5tury1 = ! protection ( ! entrances to =tresses2 &1 "u x1 !re yet rema91 on ei!r side1 free/one seats1 design$ = ! gu>d1 capable ( conta9+ f fifte5 to tw5ty p]sons4 ,! re/ ( ! outworks1 :i* 7 _m1 h n[ disappe>$2 b p are /ill liv+ 9 ! t[n1 :o rememb] to h se5 ! fosses fill$ ) wat]4 ,at pres5t !y are oblit]at$2 & _! site is occupi$ by h\ses & g>d5s4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! lords ( ,/4 ,sauveur1 f ! ye> #adej1 to ! revolution4--,*>les ,,vii4 :5 fir/ he wre/$ ! ca/le f ! ,engli%1 conf]r$ x1 toge!r ) its ext5sive doma91 ^u ,&rew de ,villequi]1 & 8 heirs male2 & x rema9$ 9 ?is family till #aecf1 :51 f default ( su* heirs1 x rev]t$ to ! cr[n1 & 0 kept 9 ! h&s ( ,francis ,i4 & 8 successors1 till #aegb4 ,at t "t ,*>les ,,ix4 grant$ x to ,*ri/oph] de ,bassompi]re1 f :om x pass$ to ,francis de ,bassompi]re1 ,m>%al ( ,france4 ,9 #afab1 x aga9 return$ to ! ?rone1 !n fill$ by ,m>y ( ,m$icis1 wid[ ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ^: son1 ,l\is ,,xiii4 ali5at$ x 9 #afbj1 to ,john ,phlipeaux de ,villesavey1 & he held x till #afca4 ,aft] him1 ! families ( ,de la ,gui*e & ,gran 71 = ?irty-eight ye>s1 possessors ( ,/4 ,sauveur4 ,at ! expiration ( ?is t]m1 ! lord%ip became once m incorporat$ 9 ! royal doma91 till ,l\is ,,xiv4 9 #afih1 conf]r$ x ^u 8 natural son1 ! ,c\nt ( ,t\l\se1 ^: son1 ,l\is ,jean ,m>ie de ,b\rbon1 ,duc de ,p5?ievre1 succe$$ to x1 by inh]itance1 9 #agbg4 ,he %ortly aft] gave x1 9 "p ( h] portion1 to 8 daught]1 :o m>ri$ ,l\is ,philippe ,joseph d',orleans1 ,duc de ,*>tres2 & x !nce=w>d cont9u$ 9 ! possession ( ! ,orleans family1 till ! p]iod ( ! revolution4 ,,notes3 #ad ,! au?or has to express 8 ackn[l$gm5ts1 & he begs to d x 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms1 to ! k9dness ( ,m4 de ,g]ville ( ,valognes1 = v _m communications t[>ds ! fur!rance ( ?is "w2 b p>ticul>ly = ^? relat+ to ! *ur* & abbey ( ,/4 ,sauveur le ,vicomte1 :i* h be5 s copi\s1 t little has be5 necess>y1 b to translate !m into ,engli%4 #ae ,johnes' ,translation1 octavo edit4 ,,iv4 p4 #bfh4 #af ,qu>to edit4 ,,ii4 p4 #gbf4 ,,plate ,,xiv4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,sauveur ,,le ,,vicomte4 7,,nor?-,,ea/ ,,view47 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ad4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,sauveur ,,le ,,vicomte4 ,! rema9s ( ! abbey ( ,/4 ,sauveur le ,vicomte1 are situat$ )9 a v %ort di/ance ( ! ca/le ( ! same "n1 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ,la ,man*e1 ne> ! we/]n extremity ( ,norm&y1 ab\t eighte5 miles s\? ( ,valognes1 & fifty nor? ( ,c\tances4 ,! addition ( ! t]m ,vicomte1 to ! appellation ( ?is doma91 may h be5 ow+ to a two-fold cause2--to d5ote ! importance ( its possessor1 & to di/+ui% ! mona/]y f o!r religi\s e/abli%m5ts 9 ! du*y1 also d$icat$ to ! ,holy ,savior1 especially f ! nunn]y ( ,/4 ,sauveur1 at ,evreux4 ,x has be5 necess>y1 "u ! prec$+ article1 briefly to allude to ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is conv5t1 :i* took its rise f ! collegiate *ur*1 f\nd$ 9 ! ye> #iih1 9 ! ca/le ( ,/4 ,sauveur1 by ,ri*>d ,nel1 ! second visc\nt2 a f\ndation1 :i*1 only fifty ye>s aft]w>ds1 0 suppress$1 & replac$ by a society ( ,b5$ict9es f ,jumieges4 ,*anges ( ?is description 7 by no means unfrequ5t 9 ^? unsettl$ times3 inde$1 reg>d+ ! "* ( ! *iefta9s & ! cl]gy1 x is r matt] ( surprise1 t !y did n occur m commonly2 & great] a/oni%m5t may be ent]ta9$ at ! ,visc\nt ( ,/4 ,sauveur hav+ suff]$ a body ( m51 naturally imp]i\s1 & necess>ily guid$ by int]e/s diff]5t f 8 own1 to rema9 ab\t a c5tury "u 8 ro(1 ?an to f9d him aft]w>ds remov+ !m to ! spot :i* !y subsequ5tly cont9u$ to occupy4 ,! orig9al *>t]1 grant$ by ,nel to ! monks f ,jumieges1 is pres]v$ among ! docum5ts 9 ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana4 ,8 bro!r1 ,rog]1 is said to h sup]9t5d$ ! erection ( ! new mona/]y1 9 :i* pi\s task1 he 0 assi/$ by ,ltitia1 8 niece1 sole heiress ( ,nel1 & n[ m>ri$ to ,j\rda9 ,taisson1 :o _h1 9 h] "r1 become "l ( ,/4 ,sauveur4 ,?is ,j\rda91 ) 8 wife1 & _! ?ree sons1 0 pres5t at ! d$ication ( ! *ur*2 s t ! build+ ( x may safely be ref]r$ to ! e>ly "p ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,m4 de ,g]ville1 ^u ! au?ority ( ! ,memoirs ( ! ,h>c\rt ,family1 /ates1 t "s ( ^! latt] also assi/$ 9 ! con/ruction2 & yet he is unwill+ to admit t any portion ( x 0 erect$ 9 ! foll[+ c5tury1 :5 ! ,h>c\rts became possess$ ( ! doma94 ,he cont5ds1 t ! :ole /yle ( ! build+ indicates a p]iod approa*+ ! ye> #aajj2 at :i* "t ! /ruggle exi/$ betwe5 ! po9t$ & ! semi-circul> ar*itecture4 ,sett+ aside ! long-conte/$ "q conc]n+ ! date ( ! introduction ( ! po9t$ ar*1 ,i _c help1 = my own "p1 suspect+1 t ! ,lady-,*apel 0 a subsequ5t erection1 &1 probably1 ( ! ra ( ! ,h>c\rts4 ,its n>r[ trefoil-head$ w9d[s above1 & ! pla9] ones bel[1 seem decisively to indicate su* a p]iod2 & ! deep buttresses af=d ano!r1 n less positive1 m>k4 ,! l[] "p ( ?is portion ( ! *ur*1 exhibits an ar*itectural peculi>ity des]v+ ( notice3 ! wall is consid]ably wide/1 :]e x unites ) ! gr\nd2 aft] :i*1 x gradually decreases 9 size1 by successive ti]s1 = a few feet upw>ds1 & !n x rises p]p5dicul>ly4 ,:at rema9s ( ! we/]n portal1 is ( ! e>li] /yle4 ,x 0 ent]$ by a semi-circul> ar*1 bord]$ by a fillet ( ! nail-head m\ld+4 ,9 ! nave1 ! l[] ar*es1 ) ! columns & _! capitals1 z well z ! false r[ ( ar*es 9 ! tri=ium1 are :olly ,norman2 :ile ! w9d[s ( ! cl]e/ory & _! accompany+ ornam5ts1 are z completely go?ic4 ,! transepts & ! *oir %ew a simil> m$ley4 ,! ,h>c\rts1 :o held ,/4 ,sauveur till ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 be/[$ mu* pa9s ^u ! pres]vation ( ! abbey2 b ! la/ ( ?is noble family 0 sc>cely dead1 :5 ! conv5t 0 expos$ to all ! calamities ( w>4 ,x 0 repeat$ly pillag$ by ! cont5d+ p>ties1 & 0 f9ally almo/ de/roy$ by ! ord]s ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii4 :o =esee+1 f ! un=tunate complexion ( affairs1 t ! ,fr5* w\ld be likely soon to besiege ! ca/le1 0 desir\s at lea/ to deprive !m ( ! advantage !y might d]ive f hav+ possession ( ! mona/]y4 ,! het]og5e\s "* ( ! ar*itecture ( ! *ur*1 is attributable to ! injuries receiv$ on ?is occasion1 & to ^? inflict$ dur+ ! w>s 9 ! foll[+ c5tury4 ,! l[] portion ( ! build+1 mo/ probably1 rema9$ = a consid]able l5g? ( "t 9 ! same ru9$ & neglect$ /ate 9 :i* x _h be5 left aft] ! execution ( ! ord]s ( ,edw>d ,,iii42 ! cl]e/ory & ar*es above1 7 n add$ till ! return ( a tranquil ra4 ,inde$1 x is matt] ( hi/orical notoriety1 t ! f9ances ( ! mona/]y 71 at ?is p]iod1 9 ! same /ate ( dilapidation z ! walls2 insomu*1 t ,?omas du ,big>d1 :o 0 elect$ abbot 9 #acgf1 & held ! po/ = f\rte5 ye>s1 lay all t "t "u a papal int]dict = ! non-paym5t ( 8 annats2 nor did 8 successor1 ,d5is ,loquet1 v5ture to accept ! crozi]1 till he _h made a j\rney to ,avignon1 & obta9$1 f ,clem5t ,,vii4 ! remission ( :at 0 due1 z well on ! election ( 8 pr$ecessor1 z on 8 own4 ,9 #adbb1 ! (ficial ( ,valognes 0 *>g$ by ! ?ree /ates ( ,norm&y1 assembl$ at ,v]non1 ) ! cons5t ( ! ,duke ( ,b$=d1 to make inquiry into ! losses su/a9$ by ! abbey4 ,8 report ^u ! subject is a curi\s hi/orical docum5t1 little kn[n1 &1 un=tunately1 ne>ly tw5ty feet long4 ,m4 de ,g]ville has k9dly suppli$ ! foll[+ extracts f x4 ,sylve/] de la ,c]velle1 ,yvon de ,galles1 & ,b]tr& de ,glesqu91 71 ) ! admiral1 ,john de ,vi5ne1 9 comm& ( ! army1 at ! siege ( ! ca/le ( ,/4 ,sauveur1 ,a4,d4 #acge4--,! ,engli% _h1 previ\sly to ! siege1 de/roy$ ! abbey & ! adjac5t build+s1 le/ _! enemies %\ld e/abli% !mselves !re1 & annoy !m4--,! monks ( ,/4 ,sauveur _h1 at fir/1 tak5 refuge 9 ! abbey ( ! ,v[1 ne> ,*]b\rg1 & aft]w>ds 9 ,j]sey1 :]e ! conv5t _h "s prop]ty3 c]ta9 among !m _h also retir$ to =eign mona/]ies1 !re to seek a subsi/5ce1 :i* _! own c\ld no long] af=d !m4--,at _! return1 ! abbot & ! cl]gy f\nd _! build+s de/roy$2 &1 at ! p]iod ( ! inquisition1 not)/&+ all _! ef=ts & ! money !y c\ld raise1 !y 7 /ill oblig$ to celebrate div9e s]vice 9 ! refectory4--,! monks & abbot1 :o _h s\ght %elt] at ,j]sey1 _h be5 oblig$ to quit t retreat1 because ! ,k+ ( ,engl& put _! prop]ty !re "u seque/ration4--,^? :o return$ fir/ to ! mona/]y1 built !mselves %$s aga9/ a wall1 & !re made a fire to dress1 _! victuals1 :ile1 = lodg+-places1 !y _h rec\rse to "s vaults t 7 /ill left4--,s great 0 _! pov]ty1 t x is /at$ by "o ( ! witnesses1 9 8 deposition1 t !y _h n :]e)al to buy peciam mutonis vel ali>um c>nium4--,ano!r deposes t1 dur+ ! siege1 ! ,fr5* fir$ ) su* viol5ce at "o ( ! t[]s1 t x 0 de/roy$1 fu]untque combu/ nov campan1 qu>um una habebat octo buccellos ad m5suram ,/i4 ,salvatoris4 ,aft] ! f9al expulsion ( ! ,engli%1 ,john ,caillot1 :o 0 appo9t$ abbot 9 #adea1 rebuilt1 to use ! words ( ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana1 ! mona/]y de/roy$ by our c\ntrym52 & ! cr$it mu/ be giv5 him ( hav+ endeav\r$ to make 8 additions 9 a /yle con=mable to ! orig9al4 ,b ! diff]5ce 9 ! workman%ip is obvi\s to ! eye2 & v>i\s ornam5ts h be5 add$1 inconsi/5t ) ! simplicity ( e>ly times4 ,! l5g? ( ! *ur* 0 ab\t two hundr$ ,fr5* feet4--,a li/ ( =ty-?ree abbots is giv5 9 ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana2#ag &1 f ! "t ( ! publication ( t "w1 till ! break+ out ( ! revolution1 !re 7 two o!rs1 ( :om ,m4 de ,nicolai 0 ! la/4 ,,notes3 #ag ,,xi4 p4 #ibc4 ,,plate ,,xv4 ,,h\se ,,at ,,great ,,&elys4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ae4 ,,great ,,h\se4 ,&elys4 ,ab\t =ty miles1 9 a s\?-we/]ly direction f ,r\51 ^u ! "r bank ( ! ,se9e1 & on ! we/]n fronti]s ( ! anci5t du*y ( ,norm&y1 /&s ! t[n ( ,great ,&elys1 s call$1 n by reason ( its own positive magnitude1 b to di/+ui% x f a village ( ! same "n1 situat$ 9 its imm$iate vic9ity4 ,9 e>ly times1 few places c\ld boa/ to a great] degree ?an ,&elys1 ! odor ( sanctity4 ,x 0 indebt$ = its celebrity1 &1 probably also1 = its exi/5ce1 to a nunn]y1 f\nd$ "h by ,/4 ,clotilda1 :i*1 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 ! "t ( ! v5]able ,b$e1 enjoy$ ! highe/ reputation4 ,b its fame 0 %ort-liv$3 x fell dur+ ! incursions ( ! ,normans1 &1 unlike mo/ o!rs1 seems to h possess$ none ( ! pho5ix-p[] ( revivisc5ce4 ,9 its place1 arose aft]w>ds1 a collegiate *ur*1 :i* ,m4 de ,h>lay1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 by a =mal act1 dat$ #afcd1 honor$ ) ! title ( fir/ collegiate *ur* ( ! diocese4 ,! di/9ction1 ?us obta9$1 0 due n only to its antiquity1 b to ! unusual numb] ( its ecclesia/ics1 p>ticul>ly ^? :o compos$ its *apt]4 ,?\gh ,/4 ,clotilda's conv5t1 h[ev]1 0 de/roy$1 ! inhabitants ( ,&elys cont9u$ to enjoy h] especial protection4 ,! *ur* 0 "u h] invocation2 b h] favor 0 m em95tly v\*saf$ to an anci5t *apel & an adjac5t f\nta91 bo? ( :i* bore h] "n4 ,! latt] 01 f ! e>lie/ times1 celebrat$ = its miracul\s qualities 9 ! cure ( v>i\s disord]s2 & x cont9ues to be s to ! pres5t day4 ,/4 ,clotilda1 at ! p]iod ( ! erection ( ! mona/]y1 turn$ its wat]s into w9e1 = ! b5efit ( ! fa9t+ workm54 ,! cl]gy ( ,&elys1 9 commemoration ( ! miracle1 us$ annually1 be=e ! revolution1 ^u ! return ( h] fe/ival1 to p\r l>ge pit*]s ( w9e into ! spr+4 ,dur+ ! revolution>y f]vor1 ,/4 ,clotilda1 toge!r ) ! re/ ( ! ,romi% hi]>*y1 lo/ h] cr$it 9 ,france4 ,%e is n[ rapidly recov]+ x3 miracles are aga9 wr\ght at h] %r9e2 &1 9 all probability1 ! "t is n f> di/ant1 :5 ! belief w be z /rong1 ! processions z spl5did1 ! ?rong ( vot>ies z great1 & ! cures z c]ta91 z ev]4 ,x is only to be hop$1 t ! good s5se & ! sup]ior morality ( ! age1 may prev5t ! recurr5ce ( ^? indec5t & sc&al\s sc5es1 :i*1 we are told by eye-witnesses1 7 =m]ly too (t5 practis$ on ! occasion4 ,human nature mu/ be /rangely alt]$1 be=e ! m9d ( man w cease to pref] ! surfeit ( sup]/ition1 to ! :olesome diet ( s\nd religion3 no "o1 b a fool or a rogue1 w\ld ev] advise x to h rec\rse to ! />vation ( infidelity4 ,at ! close ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ,&elys appe>s ) "s hi/orical notoriety1 9 ! well-kn[n ex*ange made betwe5 ,ri*>d ,coeur-de-,lion & ,walt]1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,r\52 :5 ! k+1 desir\s1 z he /ates1 to prev5t ! incursions ( ! enemy into 8 du*y1 pur*as$ ( ! prelate ! t[n & manor ( ,&elys1 by ! cession ( ! t[ns ( ,dieppe1 ,b\teilles & ,l\vi]s1 toge!r ) ! =e/ ( ,ali]mont1 & ! mills ( ,r\54 ,! b>ga9 0 a h>d "o2 b ! erection ( ,*teau ,gaill>d1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,&elys1 prov$ ! correctness ( ! mon>*'s views4 ,a subsequ5t treaty1#ah execut$ 9 ! ye> #abjj1 betwe5 ,k+ ,john & ! same ar*bi%op1 confirm$ ! ex*ange4 ,9 mod]n times1 ,&elys has be5 celebrat$ on no o!r acc\nt1 ?an z ! bir?-place ( ,p\ss9 & ,adrian ,turnebus1 & z ! burial-place ( ,corneille4 ,! ,great ,h\se at ,&elys1 ! subject ( ! plate1 exi/$ 9 #ahah1 z x is "h repres5t$1 %orn1 inde$1 ( mu* ( its anci5t spl5dor1 r$uc$ f ! resid5ce ( a nobleman to a gran>y1 & mo/ probably curtail$ ( full two-?irds ( its size1 z reta9+ app>5tly little m ?an t portion ( ! squ>e :i* front$ ! c\rt-y>d1 toge!r ) a small "p ( "o ( its w+s4 ,x c n[ 79 #ahba7 only be spok5 ( z a build+ t did exi/3 la/ ye> saw x levell$ ) ! gr\nd4 ,! foll[+ description ( x is transcrib$ f ,mr4 ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y3#ai ,&elys possesses a valuable specim5 ( anci5t dome/ic ar*itecture4 ,! ,great ,h\se is a mo/ sumptu\s mansion1 evid5tly ( ! age ( ,francis ,i42 b ,i c\ld ga9 no acc\nt ( its =m] occupants or hi/ory4 ,i mu/ aga9 borr[ f my fri5d's vocabul>y1 & say1 t x is built 9 ! ',burgundian /yle4' ,9 its g5]al outl9e & "*1 x resembles ! h\se 9 ! ,place de la ,pucelle1 at ,r\54 ,its walls1 inde$1 are n cov]$ ) ! same pr(usion ( sculpture3 yet1 p]haps1 its simplicity is accompani$ by great] elegance4--,! w9d[s are dispos$ 9 ?ree divisions1 =m$ by sl5d] buttresses1 :i* run up to ! ro(4 ,!y are squ>e-head$1 & divid$ by a mullion & transom4--,! portal is 9 ! c5tre3 x is =m$ by a ,tudor ar*1 enri*$ ) deep m\ld+s1 & surm\nt$ by a l(ty ogee1 end+ ) a crocket$ p9nacle1 :i* transfixes ! cornice imm$iately above1 z well z 9 ! sill ( ! w9d[1 & !n unites ) ! mullion ( ! latt]4--,! ro( takes a v high pit*4--,a figur$ cornice1 ^u :i* x re/s1 is boldly sculptur$ ) foliage4--,! *imneys are ornam5t$ by angul> buttresses4--,all ^! portions ( ! build+ assimilate m or less to our ,go?ic ar*itecture ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 b a mo/ magnific5t oriel w9d[1 :i* fills ! :ole ( ! space betwe5 ! c5tre & ! left-h& divisions1 is a specim5 ( po9t$ ar*itecture 9 its be/ & pure/ /yle4 ,! ar*es are l(ty & acute4 ,ea* angle is =m$ by a d\ble buttress1 & ! tab]nacles affix$ to ^! are fill$ ) /atues4 ,! basem5t ( ! oriel1 :i* projects f ! flat wall ( ! h\se1 aft] ! fa%ion ( a b>tizan1 is divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 /udd$ ) m$allions1 & int]mix$ ) trac]y ( great v>iety & beauty4 ,on ei!r side ( ! bay1 !re are fly+ buttresses ( elaborate sculpture1 spread+ along ! wall4--,z1 comp>atively speak+1 good models ( anci5t dome/ic ar*itecture are v r>e1 ,i w\ld p>ticul>ly recomm5d ?is at ,&elys to ! notice ( e ar*itect1 :om *ance may conduct to ,norm&y4--,?is build+1 l too _m o!rs ( ! same class 9 our own c\nties ( ,norfolk & ,suffolk1 is degrad$ f its /ation4 ,! great h\se is us$ m]ely z a gran>y1 ?\gh1 by a v small exp5se1 x might be put into habitable repair4 ,! /one reta9s its cle> & poli%$ surface2 & ! massy timb]s are undecay$4--,! inside corresponds ) ! ext]ior1 9 decorations & gr&eur3 ! *imney pieces are l>ge & elaborate1 & !re is abundance ( sculpture on ! ceil+s & o!r p>ts :i* admit ( ornam5t4 ,,notes3 #ah ,copies ( bo? ^! in/rum5ts are pres]v$ 9 ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana1 ,,xi4 ,in/4 pp4 #bg & #cj4 #ai ,,ii4 p4 #ee4--;,9 a note to ?is passage1 ,mr4 ,turn] /ates an int5tion1 on ! "p ( ,mr4 ,cotman1 to devote a second plate to ?is build+1 = ! purpose ( do+ m ju/ice to ! beauty & elaborate decorations ( ! oriel w9d[2 & x is v mu* to be desir$ t su* %\ld be ! case2 b x is fe>$ t ! numb] & importance ( o!r subjects1 w prev5t ! int5tion f be+ realiz$4 ,,plate ,,xvi4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,?an4 7,,elevation ,,& ,,details47 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #af4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,?an4 ,elevation & details4 ,! small village ( ,?an lies ab\t t5 miles di/ant f ,ca51 9 a nor?-ea/]ly direction1 9 a valley wa%$ by ! dim9utive /ream1 ! ,meu1 a little to ! nor? ( ! road :i* leads to ,bayeux4 ,( its %ort & simple annals1 few h come to ! k ( ! writ] ( ?is article2 & = ^? few1 he is :olly indebt$ to ! k9dness ( ,m4 de ,g]ville1 :o1 la/ ye>1 discov]$ at ,morta9 ! book conta9+ ! *>t]s ( ! abbey ( ,savigny1 _m ( :i* make m5tion ( ! *ur* ( ,?an4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f ! mo/ important among !m3 ! de$ itself is )\t a date1 b is cle>ly ( ! "t ( ,h5ry ,i4 ,its be+ ant]ior to #aace1 is di/9ctly prov$ by ! title ( ,e>l ( ,morta91 :i* x gives to ,/eph5 ( ,blois4--,9 nom9e ,/e et individue tr9itatis1 notum sit univ]sis tam pres5tibus quam futuris1 qd4 ego ,guillelmus de ,/o ,cl>o1 conc$5te ,hamone fratre meo et cis1 dono et conc$o 9 p]petuam elimos9am ecclie ,/e tr9itatis de ,savigneio et mona*is ibidem ,deo s]vi5tibus totam possessionem de ,?aun1 quam ego et antecessores mei1 sive 9 t]ra dom9ica sive 9 hom9ibus sive 9 quibuslibet aliis rebus1 unquam habuimus omn9o quietam1 ab omni consuetud9e absolutam1 p]petuo jure ab eadem ecclesia possid5dam4 ,pr$ictam autem donacionem concessit et ab omnib4 consuetud9ibus absolutam confirmavit ,/ephanus ,comes ,moritonii1 ad cujus feodum pr$icta possessio p]t9et1 c4--,9 addition to ! in=mation conta9$ 9 ! above *>t]1 !re is only to be add$1 t ,c>d9al ,le ,mo9e1 :5 dean ( ,bayeux1 at ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 f\nd$ "h a *apel1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,john2 & t a "l ( ,?an 0 among ! companions ( ! ,conqu]or 9 8 desc5t ^u ,engl&4 ,! *ur* has be5 select$ by ,mr4 ,cotman z a specim5 ( a religi\s edifice 9 ! true ,norman /yle1 unalt]$1 & also un9jur$1 except by ! loss ( ! s\!rn aisle2 & ! removal ( ?is is s f> =tunate1 z x af=ds an opportunity ( %ew+ ! =m & disposition ( ! columns & ar*es ( ! nave1 se51 z !y are1 9 ! l[] "p ( ! left-h& side ( ! plate1 imb$d$ 9 ! mod]n wall1 :i* n[ con/itutes ! ext]ior ( ! build+4 ,subjects l ?is1 h[ev] necess>y = a "w expressly devot$ to ar*itectural antiquities1 obvi\sly af=d no room = picturesque beauty1 or = an attempt1 on ! "p ( ! arti/1 to produce :at is call$ effect4 ,horace's l9e is altoge!r applicable to !m1 t ,orn>i res ipsa negat1 cont5ta doc]i4 ,! great hope to be ent]ta9$ is1 t !y may be r5d]$ intelligible2 & ?is1 x is tru/$1 w be effect$ by means ( ! foll[+ ref]5ces2 ?\gh ! multitude ( p>ts t x seem$ necess>y to introduce1 may h giv5 rise to an appe>ance ( confusion1 :i* ! au?or c\ld only h avoid$1 by subject+ 8 subscrib]s to ! exp5se ( an additional plate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a4,a4,a4 ,elevation ( ! t[]1 nave1 & *ancel4 ,! ro( ( ! t[] is ( /one2 & ! angles are fac$ ) sl5d] cyl9drical columns1 z 9 ! "p bel[1 t]m9at+1 9 bo? in/ances1 9 little hooks1 b5ea? :i*1 ! pill>s are b&$ to ! "p adjo9+4 ,?is k9d ( t]m9ation1 or1 z x might almo/ be d5om9at$1 decoration1 is 9 itself rem>kable1 & p]haps unique2 b x is r5d]$ consid]ably m int]e/+1 if reg>d$ z ! probable orig9 ( ! crocket1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ornam5ts 9 ! decorat$ /yle ( po9t$ ar*itecture4 ,! date ( ! introduction ( ! crocket1 & ! s\rce :5ce x sprung1 h be5 ! subject ( _m inquiries among antiqu>ies3 nei!r ,mr ,cotman1 nor ! writ] ( ^! rem>ks1 recollects to h se5 any o!r approa* to x 9 ,norman build+s2 ?\gh ! t[]s ( _m *ur*es 9 ,l[] ,norm&y are capp$ ) /one ro(s ( simil> =m1 & ( und\bt$ antiquity4 ,su*1 9 p>ticul>1 are ^? ( ,haute ,allemagne1 ( ,basse ,allemagne1 & ( ,/4 ,mi*el de ,vaucelles1 at ,ca53 su* also is ! ro( at ! ea/ end ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 9 ! same t[n2 &1 9 ! ?ree la/-m5tion$ specim5s1 ! angles are edg$ ) ! same small pill>s by way ( m\ld+4 ,x is f>!r to be obs]v$ ( ?is *ur*1 t ! w9d[s ( ! t[] are simple1 bold1 &1 = ! elegance ( _! proportions1 sc>cely to be surpass$ by ^? ( any o!r ,norman build+2 t ! capitals ( ! pill>s ?r\gh\t ! *ur* are de/itute ( sculpture2 & t ! walls ( ! cl]e/ory are altoge!r )\t buttresses4 ,?is la/ peculi>ity is likewise obs]vable 9 ! nave ( ! *ur* at ,tolleva/1 an edifice ( ! pla9e/ & e>lie/ ar*itecture4 ,at ,?an1 ! cl]e/ory is ext]nally decorat$ ) tw5ty-n9e ar*es1 ( :i* e six? 7reckon+ f ! we/w>d17 is n>r[] ?an ! re/1 & is pi]c$ ) a w9d[4 ,! surface ( ! blank ones is cut into squ>es1 :i* are alt]nately depress$4 ,on ! corbels are n only repres5t$ grotesque heads1 b "s ( ! simple/ h]aldic *>ges1 z ! *ief1 *ief ind5t$1 pale1 b5d1 b5dlets undy1 fess1 salti]1 crosses ( v>i\s k9ds1 *evron1 c4 ,su* ord9>ies occasionally occur 9 simil> situations on o!r ,norman religi\s edifices1 b only on ! mo/ anci5t4 ,!y are to be se5 at ,tolleva/1 ,m>t9va/1 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,croix at ,/4 ,lo1 ,/4 ,mat?ieu1 & ,octeville4 ,at ,/4 ,mat?ieu1 !y are f\nd 9 conjunction ) o!r sculptures1 fit only = a temple d$icat$ to ,priapus2 & at ,octeville1 ) :at is probably ! e>lie/ repres5tation ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 t is kn[n to exi/ f ! h& ( a ,norman arti/4 ,b4 ,elevation ( ! we/ front4 ,! l[] "p ( ! door-way is consid]ably sunk 9 ! gr\nd4 ,c4 ,elevation ( ! ea/ end4 ,! irregul>ity ( ! ar*itecture ( ?is "p ( ! build+ requires to be notic$4 ,9 ! two l[] comp>tm5ts1 ! s\!rn portion is left q pla91 :ile ! nor!rn is decorat$ ) a d\ble ti] ( ar*es1 v mu* resembl+ ^? :i* /ill exi/ 9 ! out] wall ( ! *ancel1 & :i*1 mo/ probably1 7 orig9ally cont9u$ along ! wall ( ! nave t is n[ de/roy$4 ,! broad %all[ buttress :i* divides ! ea/ end into two p>ts1 is n plac$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,"h1 & inde$ ?r\gh\t ! build+1 ea* small ar* is hewn out ( a s+le block ( /one4 ,"o ( ! upp] ones 9 ?is front1 is surm\nt$ ) a broad squ>e b&1 made 9 ! imitation ( a drip-/one1 compos$ ( quatrefoils1 ( a =m n kn[n to exi/ 9 ,norman ar*itecture1 ?\gh ( common occurr5ce 9 ! succe$+ /yle4 ,d4 ,portion ( ! cl]e/ory 9 ! nave4 ,e4 ,portion ( ! cl]e/ory 9 ! *ancel4 ,f4 ,capital & "p ( ! ar* ( ! we/]n door-way4 ,g4,g4,g4 ,/r+-m\ld+s4 ,,plate ,,xvii4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,tam]ville4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ag4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,tam]ville4 ,?is *ur* is situat$ at ! di/ance ( half a league f ! t[n ( ,valognes1 ne> ! road :i* leads to ,b>fleur & ,la ,h\gue4 ,! :ole build+ is anci5t1 ) ! exception ( ! we/]n portal & a *apel to ! nor? ( ! *oir4 ,its g5]al /yle ( ar*itecture1 ! columns :i* support ! t[]1 ! buttresses1 ! corbels1 & ! small w9d[s ( ! nave1 especially ^? front+ ! nor?1 are all indicative ( a production ( ! e>ly days ( ,norman rule1 &1 probably1 ( ! p]iod imm$iately prec$+ ! desc5t ^u ,engl&4 ,?is p]iod ( comp>ative peace & tranquillity 0 a "t1 :51 to use ! language ( two ne>ly contempor>y hi/orians1 ! noblem5 ( ,norm&y emulat$ ea* o!r 9 erect+ *ur*es ^u _! doma9s3 !y ?us fill$ _! cont95tal t]ritory2 & !y %ortly aft]w>ds did ! same 9 ,engl&4 ,! /eeple repres5t$ 9 ! plate is 9 excell5t pres]vation3 x is ( beautiful proportions2 &1 to an ar*itect1 is peculi>ly int]e/+ = ! cyl9drical buttress1 :i* runs ne>ly to ! top ( ! fir/ /ory on ! s\!rn side1 & is probably ! only in/ance ( ! k9d kn[n to exi/4#bj ,to an ,engli% antiqu>y1 h[ev]1 x may be all[$ to h a claim to great] int]e/1 on acc\nt ( its g5]al %ape & proportions4 ,9 ^! respects x =cibly recalls ! r\nd-t[]$ *ur*es ( ,norfolk & ,suffolk1 mo/ ( !m surm\nt$ by octagonal lant]ns4 ,two ( ! *ur*es ( ! =m] c\nty1 ^? at ,t(t-,monks1 & at ,bok5ham1#ba pres]ve ! octagonal %ape d[n to ! gr\nd2 b1 9 bo? in/ances1 x is 9 conjunction ) e>ly po9t$ ar*itecture2 & ! *ur* ( ,tam]ville1 x is fe>$1 w\ld n be ( itself suffici5t1 z be+ an insulat$ specim51 to ju/ify ! assign+ ( a ,norman orig9 to ^? j m5tion$4 ,no *ur*es ) r\nd t[]s h yet come "u ! au?or's k 9 ,norm&y2 & yet !y might c]ta9ly h be5 expect$ 9 ! du*y1 if !re be any tru? 9 ! tradition :i* ascribes ^? 9 ,engl& to ! ,danes4 ,on ! o!r h&1 suppos+ su* report to be altoge!r void ( f\ndation1 x seems q unacc\ntable t n "o ( !m probably exi/s1 :i* does n reta9 "s traces ( ,norman ar*itecture4 ,9 e>ly times1 ! b>ons ( ?is great prov9ce seldom1 if ev]1 us$ a family "n4 ,l ! *iefta9s ( ! ,scotti% clans ( our own days1 !y g5]ally adopt$ = _! surname1 t ( _! p>i% or fief4 ,! fief or manor ( ,tam]ville _h1 f be=e ! conque/1 borne ! appellation ( ,cyfreva/1 or ,sifreva/1 7,sifr$i ,vassum27 & d[n to ! p]iod ( ! revolution1 ! possessors ( t fief 7 patrons ( ! adv[son ( ! p>o*ial *ur*4 ,"o ( !m1 &1 probably1 ! v "o :o built ! *ur* n[ /&+1 foll[$ ! ,conqu]or into ,engl&1 & obta9$ f him consid]able grants 9 ,ox=d%ire & 9 ,dorset%ire4 ,9 ! latt] c\nty1 ! family cont9u$ long to fl\ri%4 ,hut*9s /ates1 t ! bran* ( !m1 e/abli%$ at ,m-,cri*el1 bore = _! arms1 arg5t1 ?ree b>s gemels azure2 & he quotes ! epitaph ( "o ( !m1 :o di$ 9 #aeha1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3-- ,intomb$ "h "o ,cyfreva/ does lie1 ,:om nature caus$ by dea? to yealde 8 due4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,"l ( ,m-,cri*el 0 he by ---- ,?ree hundr$ ye>es possess$ by l9e & desc5t4 ,ano!r ( ! same family1 nam$ ,john ,cyfreva/1 repres5t$ ,dorset%ire 9 p>liam5t1 dur+ ! sev5?1 sixte5?1 & eighte5? ye>s ( ,edw>d ,,ii42 & ,rob]t ,cyfreva/ _h ! same honor 9 ! eighte5? & tw5tie? ye>s ( ! foll[+ reign4 ,ab\t #adbd1 ! fief ( ,*iffreva/ at ,tam]ville1 pass$1 by m>riage1 into ! h\se ( ,anneville1 :i* _h also suppli$ a companion to ! ,conqu]or2 & ?is family cont9u$ to possess x till ! mom5t ( ! revolution1 ! epo* ( ! abolition ( all feudal rights4 ,9 ! burial-gr\nd at ,tam]ville1 h be5 f\nd _m c(f9s made ( volcanic tuff3 simil> ones are by no means ( unfrequ5t occurr5ce ?r\gh\t ! diocese ( ,c\tances2 b !y are nev] met )1 except 9 places :i* 7 =m]ly held 9 p>ticul> v5]ation4 ,,notes3 #bj ,! read] w obs]ve1 t ?is pill> is probably imp]fect2 = t !re seems reason to believe1 t x 0 orig9ally surm\nt$ by a capital1 :i* unit$ ) ! m\ld+ above4 #ba ,see ,cotman's ,ar*itectural ,antiquities ( ,norfolk1 plate #cg4 ,,plates ,,xviii4 ,,& ,,xix4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,mi*el ,,de ,,vaucelles1 ,,at ,,ca54 7,,c5tral ,,t[] ,,& ,,nor? ,,por*47 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ah4 ,,t[] ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,mi*el ,,de ,,vaucelles1 ,,ca54 ,! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 9 8 excell5t publication ^u ! t[n ( ,ca51#bb does n furni% ! satisfactory in=mation :i* might h be5 hop$1 relative to ! date ( ! erection ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 9 ! suburb ( ,vaucelles4 ,he cont5ts himself ) obs]v+1#bc t x is a "w ( diff]5t ras3 t ! t[] & its support+ pill>s belong to a primitive *ur*1 ( :i* no acc\nt rema9s2 t a "p ( ! nave may be se51 f ! circul> =m ( ! ar*es hav+ be5 obvi\sly alt]$ into po9t$1 to h belong$ to ! same *ur*2 t ! *oir 0 rais$ & increas$ dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury2 t ! aisles are p>tly ( ! same c5tury1 & p>tly ( ! prec$+2 & t ! o!r portion ( ! nave & ! new t[]1 are productions ( our own days4 ,9 all ?is !re is no?+ def9ite2 &1 un=tunately1 our k ( ,norman ar*itecture is n su* z w ju/ify u 9 attempt+ to fix precise ras to ! diff]5t specim5s :i* are left u ( x4 ,z f>1 h[ev]1 z x may be all[$ to judge f correspond+ edifices1 ,mr4 ,turn] seems correct 9 8 op9ion1 t ! circul>-head$ ar*es 9 ! %ort squ>e t[]1 & 9 a small r\nd turret :i* is atta*$ to x1 are e>ly ,norman4#bd ,he subjo9s ! obs]vation1 t !y are rem>kable = _! proportions1 be+ z long & z n>r[ z ! lancet-w9d[s ( ! foll[+ ra4 ,! conical /one-ro($ pyramid is1 ) ! exception ( its luc>ne w9d[s1 mo/ probably ( ! same date4 ,) reg>d to ! por*1#be ! subject ( ! n9ete5? plate1 its g5]al resemblance 9 /yle to ! s\!rn por* ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ou51 & its hav+1 l t1 its inn] ar*ivolt fr+$ ) p5dant trefoils1 are circum/ances t h likewise be5 po9t$ out 9 ! "w j ref]r$ to4 ,bo? por*es may probably be ( ne>ly ! same date1 ! latt] "p ( ! f\rte5?1 or beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,ca51 b a %ort "t be=e ! revolution1 conta9$ ano!r v simil> ar*itectural specim5 9 ! we/]n portal ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,sauveur du ,m>*1#bf n[ replac$ by an entrance altoge!r mod]n4 ,! nave ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,sauveur 0 built1 accord+ to ,de la ,rue1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury2 & x may fairly be inf]r$1 t ! portal 0 also ( ! same date2 b ?is por* want$ ! p5dant trefoils1 & 0 altoge!r less ornam5t$ ?an t ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 z ! latt] 0 ?an t at ,r\54 ,bo? ^? at ,ca51 h[ev]1 agre$ 9 ! wall above ! ar* ris+ into a triangul> gable cov]$ ) wav+ trac]y1 a v peculi>1 & a v beautiful /yle ( decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ai4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,mi*el ,,de ,,vaucelles1 ,,ca54 ,nor? ,por*4 ,vaucelles is at ?is "t ! l>ge/ ( ! five p>i%es t compose ! suburbs ( ,ca54 ,x is sep>at$ f ! t[n by ! great canal ( ! ,orne1 ! =mation ( :i* has some:at circumscrib$ its limits2 = ^! =m]ly ext5d$ into ! ,rue ,/4 ,jean1 & includ$ ! hospital1 call$ ! ,htel ,dieu1 z well z t :i* d]ives its "n f ! ,conqu]or4 ,dur+ ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies1 ! pres5tation to ! liv+ ( ,vaucelles lay alt]nately betwe5 ! two royal abbeys ( ,ca54 ,que5 ,matilda1 previ\sly to ! ye> #ajff1 pur*as$ a moiety ( ! patronage & ( ! ty!s1 toge!r ) a mill at ,montaigu1 & gave !m to h] abbey ( ! ,tr9ity2 & ab\t elev5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 ,ralph1 ! curate ( ,vaucelles1 ! h]$it>y proprietor ( ! o!r half1 c$$ 8 %>e to ! abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph51 on condition ( be+ himself receiv$ into t mona/]y4 ,! latt] e/abli%m5t1 )9 less ?an "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 obta9$ ! exclusive patronage1 ^u ! consid]ation ( _! mak+ ! nuns an annual paym5t ( tw5ty sols1 & n9ety-six bu%els ( b>ley4 ,9 ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies1 ! p>i% ( ,vaucelles 0 9 ! h&s ( lords ( its own2 among :om1 ! mo/ conspicu\s 7 ! ,fitz-,h]b]ts4 ,an illegitimate son ( ,pr9ce ,h5ry1 aft]w>ds ,h5ry ,i4 by a daught] ( ,rob]t ,corbet1 0 ! orig9 ( ?is family4 ,to 8 own "n1 ,h]b]t1 he add$ t ( ,fitz-,h5ry3 8 sons became ,fitz-,h]b]ts2 & ea* ( _! desc5dants1 9 e successive g5]ation1 commonly adopt$ ! baptismal appellation ( 8 respective fa!r1 by way ( a family "n2 till1 t[>ds ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! :ole ( !m agre$ ^u ,fitz-,h]b]t z a patronymic4 ,_! possessions 7 ext5sive 9 ,ca5 & ! neighborhood2 & ! records ( ^? e>ly times make frequ5t m5tion ( _! ri*es & lib]ality4 ,?us1 accord+ to ! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 f :om ^! hi/orical p>ticul>s are d]iv$1 ?is noble family1 /ill repres5t$ 9 our own c\ntry by ! ,e>ls ( ,pembroke1 0 n only d]iv$ f ! t[n ( ,ca51 b _h an orig9 diff]5t f :at is assign$ to x by ,dugdale1 ,coll9s1 & ,edmondson4#bg ,! fir/ ( ! family notic$ 9 ,engl&1 appe>s to h liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,k+ ,/eph54 ,9 #acjb1 ,vaucelles seems to h become exempt f all feudal conditions4 ,x 0 9 t ye>1 t ,philip le ,bel s5t ,william de ,gilly to ,ca51 to lib]ate 8 own vassals & ^? ( ! lords1 & to grant !m all ! privileges ( burgh]s4 ,among ! m9i/]s ( ?is p>i%1 0 ,rog]1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( our ,briti% prelates 9 ! "t ( ,norman rule4 ,! tradition relates1 t1 dur+ ! w>s = ! succession among ! ,conqu]or's sons1 ,h5ry1 *anc+ to ent] ,ca5 ) 8 small army ^u a ,sunday1 /opp$ to he> mass at ! *ur* ( ,vaucelles2 & t ,rog] p]=m$ ! s]vice ) su* _s & rapidity1 t ! (fic]s 7 unanim\s 9 _! wi% t he %\ld accompany ! army4 ,! invitation 0 accord+ly giv51 & ! prie/ cons5t$2 & he s completely ga9$ ! confid5ce ( ! pr9ce1 by recomm5d+ economy z ! sure/ means ( c>ry+ 8 po9t1 t he 0 soon appo9t$ sup]9t5dant ( ! f9ances2 &1 9 #aajb1 0 honor$ ) ! mitre ( ,salisbury4 ,at a subsequ5t p]iod1 he 0 creat$ ,*ancellor ( ,engl&2 &1 dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! k+ 9 ,norm&y1 con/antly fill$ ! high (fice ( reg5t ( ! k+dom4 ,william ( ,malmesbury1 :o dwells at mu* l5g?1 & ) equal satisfaction1 ^u 8 hi/ory1 /ates1 t _m ( our noble/ edifices arose f 8 munific5ce4 ,9 ?is respect1 8 greate/ works 7 at ,salisbury & ,malmesbury3 ! =m]1 long s9ce levell$ ) ! gr\nd2 ! latt]1 /ill lovely & v5]able 9 its ru9s1 & exhibit+1 ev5 9 our days1 "o ( ! mo/ noble rema9s ( ,norman ar*itecture4 ,,notes3 #bb ,essais ,hi/oriques sur la ,ville de ,ca5 et son arrondissem5t4 ,ca51 #ahbj4 ,9 #b vols4 #hvo4 #bc ,i4 p4 #bgi4 #bd ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #aha4 #be ,ov] ! door-way )9 ?is por* is sculptur$ a figure ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 9 high relief1 ( app>5tly ! same date z ! por*4 #bf ,engrav$ 9 ,ducorel's ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 p4 #gd4 #bg ,see ,bankes' ,ext9ct ,b>onage1 ,i4 p4 #cja4 ,,plate ,,xx4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,william ,,! ,,conqu]or4 ,! /atue "h figur$1 has be5 introduc$ into ?is "w altoge!r z an hi/orical curiosity2 &1 ?\gh x may seem to be some:at misplac$ 9 a publication devot$ to ! elucidation ( ! ,ar*itectural ,antiquities ( ,norm&y1 x is hop$1 t a s+le deviation1 & 9 favor ( su* a subject1 may n only be deem$ admissible1 b may also be acceptable to ! read]4 ,at ! "t :5 ,de ,b\rgueville wrote 8 ,antiquits de la ,ville de ,ca51 ne> ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ?is /atue 0 atta*$ to ! gate adjo9+ ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph53 x has s9ce be5 transf]r$ to ! wall ( ! *ur* itself4 ,! wor?y old magi/rate says ( x1 t x repres5t$ ,william ! ,conqu]or on horseback1 z if 9 ! act ( ent]+ ! t[n1 hav+ "u ! feet ( 8 horse ! figure ( ! body ( a "y man2 :ile1 be=e him1 are kneel+ a man & woman1 app>5tly 9 ! act ( dem&+ explanation respect+ ! dea? ( _! son4 ,he adds1 t x is a rem>kable piece ( antiquity2 b t he c tell no?+ m ( its hi/ory1 ?an is repres5t$ by ! figures4 ,f ! above acc\nt1 ! only "o app>5tly left u1 x is pla9 h[ mu* ! /atue1 or r gr\p1 has suff]$ 9 mod]n times2 b at :at p>ticul> p]iod1 or on :at occasion1 is unkn[n4 ,x is equally pla91 t ! suppos+ ( x to be int5d$ to repres5t ! greate/ ( ! dukes :o sway$ ! ,norman sceptre1 is by no means a fiction ( ! pres5t day4 ,?is circum/ance1 h[ev]1 & its age likewise1 h ( late be5 mu* disput$4 ,! lead+ op9ions ^u ^! subjects1 h be5 collect$ by ,mr4 ,turn]1#bh :o incl9es to ?9k t x is really ( ! p]iod ( ,norman dom9ion1 & 0 actually design$ = ,duke ,william4 ,he p>allels x ) a v simil> piece ( sculpture f ! *apt]-h\se ( ! abbey ( ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville1#bi a p]=mance ( unque/ionable antiquity4 ,8 rem>ks ^u ! subject are z foll[s3--,"o ( ! mo/ le>n$ antiqu>ies ( ! pres5t "t has f\nd a prototype = ! suppos$ figure ( ! ,duke among ! sculptures ( ! ,trajan column4 ,b ?is1 ) all due def]5ce1 is f> f a decisive pro( t ! /atue 9 "q 0 n int5d$ = ,william4 ,simil> adaptations ( ! antique model1 'mutato nom9e1' frequ5tly occur among ! works ( ! arti/s ( ! middle ages2 & !re is at lea/ a possibility t1 _h ! face be5 left u1 we might h trac$ "s attempt at a portrait ( ! ,norman duke4 ,^u ! date ( ! sculpture1 or ! /yle ( ! workman%ip1 ,i d>e n v5ture an op9ion4 ,!re are antiqu>ies1 ,i "k1 7& m5 well qualifi$ to judge17 :o believe x ,roman3 ,i h he>d x pron\nc$ f high au?ority1 t x is ( ! elev5? c5tury2 o!rs suspect t x is ,italian1 ( ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5turies2 :ile ,m4 ,le ,prevo/ & ,m4 ,de ,g]ville ma9ta9 mo/ /r5u\sly t x is n ant]ior to ! fifte5?4 ,de ,b\rgueville c]ta9ly calls x 'une antiquit de gr& rem>que2' b we all "k t any object :i* is above an hundr$ ye>s old1 becomes a piece ( antiquity 9 ! eye ( an uncritical obs]v]2 & su* 0 ! good magi/rate4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bj4 ,,/atue ,,( ,,william ,,duke ,,( ,,norm&y4 ,s\? side ( ! ,p>i% ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,eti5ne at ,ca54 ,! p>i% ( ,/4 ,/eph51 at ,ca51 is g5]ally di/+ui%$ by ! epi!t ( ! old1 :5ce an op9ion has commonly prevail$1 t its *ur* 0 "o ( ^? f\nd$ by ,/4 ,regnob]t1 9 ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury2 & t ! pres5t edifice1 if n actually 9 "p ! same1 is at lea/ rais$ ^u its f\ndations1 & is c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ anci5t 9 ,ca54 ,?is belief has be51 9 a measure1 c\nt5anc$ by ,de ,b\rgueville & ,huet1 rely+ ^u :at appe>s to h be5 an inaccurate translation f ,rob]t ,c5alis#cj ,b1 on ! contr>y1 x appe>s f ! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 t ! au?or 9 "q makes no m5tion :atev] ( ?is p>i%1 & t ! appellation 0 fir/ giv5 x by ! ,conqu]or1 by way ( di/+ui%+ its *ur* f ! m sumptu\s "o erect$ by himself1 & also d$icat$ to ! protom>tyr2 a circum/ance1 f :i* ! ,abb ju/ly obs]ves1 t no?+ m is to be d$uc$1 ?an t a *ur* exi/$ "h ant]ior to 8 "t2 b by no means necess>ily ( great antiquity4 ,! pres5t build+ is ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies2 a m$ley ( debas$ ,go?ic & corrupt$ ,roman4 ,,notes3 #bh ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #agd4 #bi ,see plate #aa1 ( ?is "w1 "r-h& figures 9 ! upp] l9e2 see also ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #aa1 ) a figure4 #cj ,essais ,hi/oriques sur ,ca51 ,i4 p4 #bbe4 ,,plates ,,xxi4--,,xxiii4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,/eph54 7,,we/ ,,front1 ,,& ,,elevation ,,( ,,comp>tm5ts ,,( ,,! ,,nave47 ,illu/ration3 ,plates #ba-bb4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,eti5ne1 ,,ca54 ,! two royal ,abbeys ( ,ca51 long ! pride ( ! t[n1 :ile ,france1 n yet revolutioniz$1 suff]$ !m to exi/ 9 _! glory1 & :ile h] sons felt honor$ by ! monum5ts ( ! piety & greatness ( _! ance/ors1 are /ill1 9 _! pres5t /ate ( degradation1 among ! mo/ int]e/+ edifices :i* ! prov9ce or ! k+dom c boa/ ,! build+ & ! end[m5t ( !m are (t5 m5tion$ ) admiration by ! mona/ic hi/orians ( ,norm&y1 "o ( :om1 ,william ( ,jumieges1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( _! orig94 ,! m>riage ( ,duke ,william ) ,matilda1 daught] ( ,baldw91 ,c\nt ( ,fl&]s1 ! son ( 8 fa!r's si/]1#ca 0 )9 ! prohibit$ degrees ( consangu9ity1 & greatly sc&aliz$ ! cl]gy ( ! du*y4 ,!y frequ5tly remon/rat$ ) _! sov]eign ^u ! subject1 & at l5g? !y succe$$ s f>1 t he 0 induc$ to dispat* ambassadors to ,rome1 to consult ! ,pope ^u ! /eps necess>y to be adopt$4 ,8 ,hol9ess1 prud5tly consid]+ t a divorce w\ld 9 all probability be foll[$ by w> betwe5 ! ,flem+s & ,normans1 det]m9$ to h rec\rse to a m pacific exp$i5t2 & cons5t$ to grant !m absolution1 ^u condition ( _! p]=m+ p5ance4 ,! p5ance enjo9$ ^u ! occasion 0 ! erection ( two mona/]ies2 "o = ! religi\s ( ei!r sex4--,gratefully1 we are told1 did ! noble pair accept ! pr(f]$ t]ms2 & in/antly did !y apply !mselves to ! fulfilm5t ( _! task4 ,! abbey1 und]tak5 by ! ,duke1 ! subject ( ^! plates1 is /at$ by ,huet1 & au?ors 9 g5]al1 to h be5 complet$ 9 #ajfd1 two ye>s prior to ! conque/ ( ,engl&3#cb accord+ to ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 x 0 n d$icat$ till #ajgg4 ,b ^u ?is latt] po9t au?ors are n agre$3 "s say t ! d$ication took place 9 #ajgc2 & o!rs1 9 #ajha4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x seems c]ta9 t ! f\ndation-*>t] 0 grant$ subsequ5tly to ! ye> #ajff2 = 9 x ,william takes ! title ( k+1 & among 8 _m pr9cely donations are enum]at$ v>i\s prop]ties & privileges 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,brita92 decisive pro(s t he 0 at t "t 9 possession ( ! isl&1 & consid]$ himself firmly fix$ ^u its ?rone4 ,! abbey ?us rais$1 01 dur+ ! :ole ( ! mon>*'s life1 honor$ ) 8 especial favor2 & at 8 dea?1 he bequea!d x o!r l&s1 toge!r ) 8 sceptre1 ! cr[n he wore ^u occasions ( ! highe/ solemnity1 8 h& ( ju/ice1 a cup made ( preci\s /one1 8 gold5 c&le/icks1 & all ! royal ornam5ts :i* usually app]ta9 to ! cr[n4 ,/ill fur!r to manife/ 8 graci\s reg>d1 he direct$ t ! abbatial *ur* %\ld be ! depository ( 8 mortal rema9s2 & t a f\ndation1 s ri* 9 worldly weal?1 might n lack ! m preci\s possessions ( sanctity1 he b\ght1 z we are told by ! e>ly writ]s1#cc at no small price1 a portion ( ! relics ( ! proto-m>tyr1 consi/+ ( a "p ( 8 arm1 :i* 0 pres]v$ 9 ! city ( ,besanon1 & a small phial conta9+ "s drops ( blood1 av]r$ to h fl[$ f ! same limb4 ,at a subsequ5t "t1 ! ,k+ add$ to ^! a lock ( ! ,sa9t's hair1 toge!r ) a portion ( ! sk9 ( 8 head1 & ! /one ) :i* he 0 kill$4#cd ,! hair 0 :ite1 & z fre% z if x _h only !n be5 sev]$2 & x 0 kept 9 a beautiful cry/al vessel2 s t1 to use ! words ( a contempor>y manuscript1 totum fuit pul*rum3 capilli albi et pul*ri2 lapis etiam unde p]cussus fuit albus2 vas pul*rum et album2 et aspici5tibus rem adeo pul*ram magnam faciunt admirationem4 ,! fir/ abbot ( ! conv5t 0 ,lanfranc1 a native ( ,italy1 :o _h e/abli%$ himself 9 ! neighbor+ mona/]y ( ,bec1 :]e ! fame ( 8 tal5ts _h acquir$ him a mo/ ext5sive celebrity2 & ! zeal ) :i* he _h appli$ himself to ! task ( education1#ce _h increas$ x to a degree1 ( :i*1 9 ^! days1 we h little idea4 ,b he held ! pa/oral /aff only a v %ort "t1 = he 01 z e>ly z ! ye> #ajgj1 translat$ to ! m important po/ ( ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury2 & x 0 res]v$ to 8 successor1 ,william de ,bonne ,ame1 to h ! honor ( presid+ ov] ! community1 at ! p]iod :5 ,john ( ,avran*es1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 assi/$ by 8 suffragan bi%ops1 z well z by ,lanfranc himself1 ) ,?omas1 8 bro!r metropolitan1 & _m abbots1 & a wond]ful ?rong ( p1 p]=m$ ! c]emony ( ! d$ication4#cf ,! ,conqu]or's sons confirm$ ! v>i\s donations made to ! abbey by _! p>5t4 ,! elde/ ( !m1 ,rob]t1 8 successor 9 ! duk$om1 add$ ! privilege ( a fair & a weekly m>ket at ,*eux4 ,william ,rufus1 ! second1 ent]$ into a negociation ) ! monks1 to re-pur*ase 8 fa!r's royal ornam5ts1 9 ex*ange = ! p>i% ( ,cok]1 9 ,som]set%ire2 b he di$ be=e ! completion ( ! treaty2 & ?is 0 f9ally c>ri$ into effect by ,h5ry ,i4 ) "o only diff]5ce1 t ,brideton1 7n[ call$ ,burton7 9 ,dorset%ire1 0 sub/itut$ = ,cok]4 ,x 0 ,h5ry1 accord+ to ! ,abb ,de la ,rue1#cg :o rais$ ! sup]b monum5t ov] 8 fa!r's rema9s2 b ,ord]icus ,vitalis expressly attributes ! "w to ,william ,rufus4#ch ,respect+ its spl5dor1 all writ]s are unanim\s3 ! %r9e plac$ ^u ! mausoleum1 0 a mirificum memoriale1 quod ex auro et arg5to et gemmis compet5tr spl5duit4 ,! c>e ( build+ ! tomb 0 committ$ to a goldsmi? at ,ca51 ( ! "n ( ,otto1 :o _h receiv$ f ! ,conqu]or a grant ( l& 9 ,essex2 & ^: desc5dants1 "u ! "n ( ,fitz-,o?on1 _h ! pr9cipal direction ( ! ,engli% m9t1 till ! dea? ( ,?omas ,fitz-,o?on1 ! la/ ( ! family1 9 #abhb4 ,h5ry ,,ii4 9 a v long *>t]1 confirm$ ! v>i\s end[m5ts & privileges previ\sly be/[$ ^u ! conv5t1 & add$ o!rs ( 8 own4 ,f ?is "t =w>d1 x cont9u$ to increase 9 weal? & p[]4 ,9 ! ye> #abej1 its rev5ues1 9 ,norm&y1 am\nt$ to f\r ?\s& livres1 a sum equival5t to eighty-two ?\s& & sixte5 livres ( ! pres5t day4 ,9 #affh1 :5 money 9 ,france 0 ( ab\t half its pres5t value1 ! abbot & monks divid$ an income ( sixty-f\r ?\s& & f\r livres3 & 9 #aggd1 ?is income _h swell$ to "o hundr$ & n9ety-two ?\s& livres1 not)/&+ ! imm5se losses suff]$ by ! suppression ( ! ali5 priories 9 ,engl&4 ,?us an increase _h tak5 place ( ne>ly "o hundr$ & t5 ?\s& livres1 9 ab\t five hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s4 ,! ecclesia/ical patronage ( ! abbey1 at ! "t ( ! revolution1 ext5d$ ov] twelve *ur*es4 ,its monks1 :o 7 ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 cont9u$ till ! ye> #affc to belong to ! class ( ,b5$ict9es1 call$ unre=m$2 b ! ,du*ess ( ,longueville1 wife ( ! !n abbot1 introduc$ at t p]iod ! bre?r5 ( ! congregation ( ,/4 ,maur4 ,! privileges & immunities grant$ to ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,/eph51 are detail$ at consid]able l5g? by ,du ,m\/i]1#ci :o has also c>efully collect$ ! p>ticul>s ( ! life ( ,lanfranc1 & has giv5 a catalogue1 accompani$ ) %ort biographical notices1 ( ! re/ ( ! abbots4 ,by f> ! great] numb] ( ^! 7 m5 em95t = _! rank or tal5ts2 & "s ( !m 7 subsequ5tly promot$ to high] dignities4 ,william de ,bonne ,ame1 ! second abbot1 succe$$ ,john de ,bayeux 9 ! metropolitan ?rone ( ,r\52 ,hugh de ,coilly1 gr&son ( ,k+ ,/eph51 aft] be+ elect$ to preside ov] ?is mona/]y1 0 almo/ imm$iately transf]r$ to ! ar*bi%opric ( ,york2#dj & ,*>les de ,m>tigni1 abbot ( ,/4 ,/eph5's 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 0 successively honor$ ) two episcopal mitres4 ,x 0 by him t ! prelacy 0 fir/ held 9 comm5dam1 an example too tempt+ n to be foll[$2 & ! abbey1 ?us con/antly ga9+ 9 ! dignity ( its sup]iors1 z con/antly lo/ 9 _! real value4 ,sev5 c>d9als1 7among :om 7 ! celebrat$ ,c>d9als ( ,ri*elieu1 ,maz>9e & ,fleury17 a natural son ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv4 an ar*bi%op ( ,lyons1 two ( ,aix1 & "o ( ,r\51 7 among its mo/ mod]n abbots4 ,ano!r ( !m1 ,john ,le ,got1#da 0 pres5t at ! abjuration ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,d5ys1 on ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,july1 #aeic2 & by virtue ( 8 (fice z apo/olical pro?onot>y1 subscrib$ 8 "n to ! lett] f ! bi%ops to ! ,pope1 decl>+ t no?+ _h tak5 place 9 ! transaction1 inconsi/5t ) ! rev]5ce due to 8 hol9ess4 ,a li/ ( consid]able l5g? might also be made f among ! monks ( ! conv5t1 ( ^? :o h be5 ennobl$ by _! tal5ts or dignities4 ,! mona/ic build+s app]ta9+ to ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph5 7 begun 9 #agjd1 & complet$ aft] a p]iod ( tw5ty-two ye>s4 ,!y are n[ atta*$ to ! royal ,college ( ,ca51 to :i* e/abli%m5t !y 7 appropriat$ at ! revolution2 &1 provid$ z !y 7 ) noble g>d5s1 !y 7 an accession ( ! utmo/ importance to ! in/itution4 ,b ! value ( ! gift has1 )9 ! t5 la/ ye>s1 be5 consid]ably less5$1 by ! municipality hav+ robb$ ! college ( ! great] "p ( ! g>d5s1 = ! purpose ( conv]t+ !m into an op5 squ>e4 ,! plan ( ! build+s 0 furni%$ by a lay-bro!r ( ! ,b5$ict9e ord]1 nam$ ,william ,de la ,tremblaye1 :o also erect$ ^? ( ! si/] ,conv5t ( ! ,tr9ity1 at ,ca52 & ^? ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,dur+ ! /orms ( ! revolution1 ! abbatial *ur* happily suff]$ b little4 ,fall51 ?\gh x be1 f its dignity1 & degrad$ to p>o*ial1 x /ill /&s ne>ly entire4 ,n inde$ z x came f ! h&s ( ! ,norman ar*itect1 b z x 0 left by ! ,hugu5ots 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 :51 ) ! viol5ce :i* m>k$ ! transactions ( t ra1 doors1 w9d[s1 floors1 wood-"w1 lead1 iron1 m>ble1 manuscripts1 & books1 7 giv5 up to indiscrim9ate de/ruction3 bells 7 brok51 ro(s /ripp$1 alt>s pr(an$1 ! v tombs op5$2 &1 z if no po9t _h be5 ga9$1 s long z aught 0 suff]$ to rema91 ! c5tral t[] 0 und]m9$1 9 ! hope t its fall w\ld involve ! ru9 ( ! :ole edifice4 ,& fall1 inde$1 x did2 b happily only c>ri$ away ) x a portion ( ! ea/]n end4 ,f ?is circum/ance1 h[ev]1 h aris5 discrepancies ( /yle1 = :i* x w\ld be difficult1 )\t su* k1 to acc\nt4 ,! nave & ! transepts are ! only pure rema9s ( ! orig9al build+3 ! *oir & aisles are ( po9t$ ar*itecture1 & are1 consequ5tly1 n ( equal antiquity4 ,ev5 ! we/]n front p>takes1 9 a measure1 ( ! same mixture4 ,all1 to ! top ( ! t[]s1 is g5u9e ,norman1 & ( ! elev5? c5tury3 ! spires1 ) _! surr\nd+ turrets1 are ( a lat] ra4#db ,at ! same "t x may reasonably be d\bt$ h[ f> ! ,abb ,de la ,rue is "r 9 ascrib+ !m to ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,to diff] f s able an antiqu>y & s compet5t a judge 9 matt]s ( ?is description1 is always haz>d\s2 b ! au?or ( ?is article mu/1 nev]!less1 be all[$ to hesitate be=e he gives a full ass5t4 ,x is kn[n t ! *oir 0 enl>g$1 & ! apsis built z x n[ exi/s1 dur+ ! prelacy ( ,simon de ,trevi]es1 :i* ext5d$ f ! ye> #acaf to #acdd2 b hi/ory is sil5t z to any o!r additions made at t p]iod to ! *ur*2 & ! /yle ( ! ar*itecture ( ! spires does c]ta9ly appe> to be e>li] ?an t ( ! p>ts j m5tion$4 ,no argum5t is to be drawn f ! g5]al aspect ( ! build+2 = su* is ! great excell5ce ( ! ,ca5 /one1 & s little has x suff]$ 9 an atmosph]e unta9t$ by coal smoke1 & 9 a climate probably sup]ior to our own1 t all ! p>ts appe> to be 9 equally good pres]vation1 & ! :ole looks z fre% z if b ye/]day hewn f ! qu>ry4 ,an op9ion has commonly prevail$1 t an epitaph1 /ill visible on ! ext]ior ( ! apsis1 is t ( ! build] ( ! *ur*4 ,facsimiles ( x h be5 giv5 by ,duc>el#dc & ,g\gh1#dd ! =m] ( :om seems to h no d\bt ( ! fact4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 _c be ! case2 ! v %ape ( ! *>act]s suffici5tly disproves x3 !y are altoge!r unlike ^? us$ on ,que5 ,matilda's tomb1 a relic1 ^: au!nticity 0 nev] call$ 9 "q4 ,! "* ( ! ar*itecture ( ! *apel af=ds a /ill m decisive contradiction4 ,inde$1 aft] :at has already be5 said1 x ne$s sc>cely be add$1 t ! build+ itself did n exi/ at ! p]iod assign$ by ,duc>el to ! epitaph1 :i* is mo/ probably t ( ! p]son :o erect$ ! apsis1 & made ! o!r alt]ations 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! we/]n front ( ! *ur* exhibits two diff]5t *>act]s3 bel[1 all is simple1 almo/ to meanness3 ! upp] "p ab\nds 9 ornam5t2 & "h ! good s5se ( ! ar*itect1 :o add$ ! p9nacles & spires1 m]its comm5dation1 9 hav+ made !m correspond s well 9 _! decorations ) ! t[]s4 ,! plate suffici5tly expla9s all t is to be said ( ?is "p ( ! build+1 except+ z to ! m m9ute ornam5ts ( ! door-ways1 :i* des]ve to be exhibit$ 9 detail4 ,! ar*itrave is compos$ ( sev]al b&s ( ! simple/ m\ld+1 inclos$ )9 ?ree ( a diff]5t /yle2 ! two out]mo/ be+ =m$ ( ! *evron ornam5t1 ) its angles unusually acute2 ! inn]1 ( ! billet m\ld+4 ,! capitals ( ! pill>s are /udd$ ) small heads1 plac$ "u ! ,ionic volute1 exhibit+ a mixture ( classical & b>b>\s ta/e1 :i* is likewise to be f\nd at ,crisy1 & ^u "o ( ! capitals 9 ! abbey *ur* ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,along ! ext]ior ( ! upp] "p ( ! nave1 runs a r[ ( tw5ty-f\r semi-circul> ar*es1 ) impo/s & bases1 & all uni=m1 except t eight ( !m are pi]c$ = w9d[s4 ,?is portion ( ! build+ is entirely )\t buttresses4 ,^u ! extremity ( ! nor? transept are ?ree v %all[ buttresses1 :i* rise f ! gr\nd to ! bottom ( ! cl]e/ory w9d[s1 unbrok5 by any int]ruption :atev]1 b "h meet ) a /r+-c\rse1 beyond :i* ! two out] ones are cont9u$1 un*ang$ 9 =m & appe>ance1 to ! summit ( ! ends ( ! gable1 :ile ! c5tre "o1 ?\gh x is rais$ to an equal height1 loses m ?an half its wid?1 & is also mu* r$uc$ 9 dep?4 ,ov] ?is latt] buttress is a w9d[2 & betwe5 ! buttresses are six o!rs1 arrang$ 9 a d\ble r[4 ,ea* pair diff]s 9 size f ! re/3 ^? ne>e/ ! gr\nd are ! l>ge/1 & ^? imm$iately above !m ! lea/4 ,! l[e/ pair on ea* side is inclos$ )9 a spaci\s ar*1 :i* occupies ne>ly two-?irds ( ! gable4 ,ea/w>d ( ! transepts is a s]ies ( blank int]sect+ ar*es1 rem>kable = _! m\ld+s1 :i* consi/ ( a flat1 wide1 & v %all[ b&2#de & "h ! mixture ( ! po9t$ ) ! semi-circul> ar*itecture comm5ces4 ,?is portion ( ! build+ altoge!r resembles ! ca!dral ( ,c\tances 9 ! disposition ( its p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bc4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,eti5ne1 ,,ca54 ,elevation ( comp>tm5t ( ! ,nave4 ,x w\ld be difficult to describe ! int]ior ( ! *ur* 9 cle>] or m compreh5sive t]ms1 ?an has be5 done by ,mr4 ,coh5 9 ,mr4 ,turn]'s ,t\r1#df f :i* "w ! foll[+ acc\nt is1 !re=e1 extract$4--,)\t d\bt1 ! ar*itect 0 conv]sant ) ,roman build+s1 ?\gh he has ,normaniz$ _! features1 & adapt$ ! l9es ( ! basilica to a b>b>ic temple4 ,! ,coliseum furni%$ ! elevation ( ! nave2--semi-circul> ar*es surm\nt$ by ano!r ti] ( equal span1 & spr++ at ne>ly an equal height f ! basis ( ! support+ pill>s4 ,! ar*itraves connect+ ! l[] r[s ( pill>s are di/9ctly en\nc$4 ,! ar*es :i* rise f !m h pla9 bold m\ld+s4 ,! pi]s betwe5 ea* ar* are ( consid]able wid?4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ea* pi] is a column1 :i* asc5ds z usual to ! vault4 ,^! columns are alt]nately simple & comp\nd4 ,! latt] are squ>e pila/]s1 ea* front$ by a cyl9drical column1 :i* ( c\rse projects f>!r into ! nave ?an ! simple columns2 & ?us ! nave is divid$ into bays4 ,?is sy/em is imitat$ 9 ! go?ic ca!dral at ,s5s4 ,! squ>e pila/] ceases at ab\t f\r-fif?s ( its height3 !n two cyl9drical pill>s rise f x1 s t1 f t po9t1 ! column becomes clu/]$4 ,angul> brackets1 sculptur$ ) knots1 grotesque heads1 & foliage1 are affix$ to ! base ( ^! d]ivative pill>s4 ,a bold d\ble-billet$ m\ld+ is cont9u$ bel[ ! cl]e/ory1 ^: w9d[s adapt !mselves to ! b9>y arrangem5t ( ! bays4 ,a tall] ar* is flank$ by a small] "o on ! "r or ! left side1 z its situation requires4 ,^! are support$ by %ort massy pill>s3 an embattl$ m\ld+ runs r\nd ! w9d[s4--,9 ! *oir ! ar*es become po9t$1 b ) ,norman m\ld+s3 ! apsis is a recon/ruction4 ,9 t portion ( ! *oir :i* seems orig9al1 !re are po9t$ w9d[s =m$ by ! int]lac+ ( circul> ar*es3 ^! light ! gall]y4--,! effect produc$ by ! p]spective ( ! int]ior is l(ty & palatial4 ,! anci5t masonry ( ! ext]ior is wor?y ( notice4 ,! /ones are all small1 p]haps n exce$+ n9e or twelve in*es3 ! jo9ts are ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*4 ,to ?is description1 x may be well to add ! foll[+ p>ticul>s conc]n+ ! dim5sions ( ! *ur*1 tak5 f ! ext]ior3-- ,,feet4 ,l5g? f ea/ to we/ #hga ,height ( we/]n t[]s #ade ----------------------- ) _! spires #bfb -------- nave on ! we/]n front1 to ! po9t ( ! gable #ih -------- nor!rn transepts #hd ,wid? ( ditto #db ,x may also n be amiss to obs]ve1 t ! nave is on ei!r side divid$ into n9e comp>tm5ts1 ! second & ?ird ( :i*1 reckon+ f ! we/1 on ! s\? side1 =m ! subject ( ! tw5ty-?ird plate4 ,! re/1 ?\gh div]sifi$ 9 _! ornam5ts1 are uni=m 9 _! plan1 except only ! "o on ei!r side1 imm$iately adjo9+ ! entrance3 ea* ( ^! conta9s a sl5d] %all[ ar*1 n pi]c$ to ! transepts1 & ris+ f ! pavem5t ne>ly to ! top ( ! upp] w9d[s4 ,9 t "p ( ! *ur*1 two peculi>ities w n fail to be rem>k$3 ! great] wid? ( ! ar*es ( ! tri=ium1 ?an t ( ^? bel[2 & ! balu/rade ( quatrefoils1 :i* is cont9u$ ?r\gh\t ?is portion ( ! build+4 ,imm$iately ^u ent]+ ! *ur*1 a d\bt involunt>ily sugge/s itself1 h[ f> ?is balu/rade may n be an addition ( comp>atively mod]n date4 ,b1 ^u ! :ole1 !re seems no reason to consid] x s4 ,precisely ! same ornam5t is f\nd ^u ! tomb ( ,b]5g>ia1 wife to ,ri*>d ,coeur-de-,lion1 :i* ,mr4 ,/o?>d has lately figur$1 & believes to be coeval ) ! que5 :om x commemorates4 ,! monum5t rais$ to ,william ! ,conqu]or1 9 ! middle ( ! *oir ( ?is *ur*1 0 violat$ & brok5 to pieces by ! ,calv9i/s1 & its cont5ts wantonly de/roy$1 t[>ds ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! acc\nt ( ! outrages !n committ$ are giv5 at l5g?1 & ) great navet1 z well z feel+1 by ,de ,b\rgueville1#dg :o 0 pres5t on ! occasion2 & !y h lately be5 translat$ into ,engli%1#dh ) ! addition ( "s int]e/+ details t accompani$ ! dea? & fun]al ( ! mon>*4 ,ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s be=e t "t1 a c>d9al1 ^u a visit to ,ca51 _h op5$ ! tomb ?r\gh curiosity4 ,aft] ! tumults caus$ by ! ,hugu5ots _h subsid$1 ! monks ( ! conv5t1 :o _h gott5 possession ( "o ( ! ?igh-bones t _h be5 pres]v$ by ! ,visc\nt ( ,falaise1 re-int]r$ x1 &1 out ( gratitude to _! f\nd]1 rais$1 9 #afdb1 a new monum5t ( black m>ble1 at great exp5se4 ,"o side ( x bore ! orig9al metrical epitaph1 compos$ by ,?omas1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,york1 beg9n+ ) ! foll[+ l9e3-- ,qui rexit rigidos ,normannos atque ,britannos2 on ! o!r side1 0 an inscription#di commemorative ( ! circum/ances att5dant on ! tomb2 b ?is second tomb 0 also tak5 away 9 #agdb1 by virtue ( an ord] f ,l\is ,,xv4 emp[]+ ! gov]nor ( ,ca5 to remove ! mon>*'s rema9s into ! sanctu>y1 z int]f]+1 9 _! orig9al position1 ) ! c]emonies ( ! *ur*4 ,a flat /one1 9 front ( ! high alt>1 succe$$ to ! monum5t2 & ev5 ?is1 ! democrats ( #agic tore up4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 replac$ by ,g5]al ,dugua1 :ile ,prefect ( ,ca51 & x /ill holds its situation4#ej ,!re are no o!r monum5ts ( any k9d 9 ! *ur*4 ,ext5sive build+s 7 atta*$ to ! abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph52 &1 among ! re/1 :at 0 g5]ally suppos$ to h be5 a royal palace1 & pass$ commonly "u ! "n ( ! ,palace ( ! ,conqu]or4 ,z e ?+ connect$ ) ! abbey 0 naturally ref]r$ by ! public to t sov]eign1 x w n appe> surpris+ t ?is edifice 0 s likewise1 h[ev] little gr\nd !re may h be5 = ! appellation4 ,its hav+ be5 call$ a palace1 arose probably f ! circum/ance ( ! ,fr5* mon>*s always resid+ 9 ?is mona/]y1 dur+ _! visits to ,ca54 ,! names ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ( ,john1 ( ,h5ry ,v4 & ( ,francis ,i4 are to be f\nd 9 ! li/ ( ^? :o honor$ x ) _! pres5ce4 ,! great] "p ( ! palatial build+s 7 de/roy$ by ! ,hugu5ots2 b portions ( !m 7 /&+ 9 #ageb1 :5 ,duc>el made 8 t\r 9 ,norm&y2 & he has figur$ !m4 ,among ^! 0 ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! :ole1 ! great hall1 ! place 9 :i* ! ,/ates ( ,norm&y us$ to assemble1 z (t5 z !y 7 conv5$ at ,ca52 & :]e ! ,ex*equ] repeat$ly held its sitt+s1 aft] ! recapture ( ,norm&y1 by ! k+s ( ,france1 f its anci5t dukes4 ,?is hall ev5 escap$ ! fury ( revolutioni/s z well z ,calv9i/s2 b x 0 9 ! ye> #ahjb alt]$ by ,g5]al ,caff>elli1 ! !n prefect1 into rooms = ! college2 & its sup]b pa9t$ w9d[s 7 de/roy$1 toge!r ) its pavem5t ( glaz$ tiles1 *>g$ ) h]aldic be>+s4 ,! tiles h long af=d$ scope = ! le>n+ & +5uity ( antiqu>ies1 "s ( :om h believ$ !m coeval ) ! ,conqu]or2 :ile o!rs1 :o hesitate ab\t go+ q s f>1 h reg>d$ !m z be>+ ! arms ( 8 companions4 ,9 ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana1 ! plac+ ( !m is attribut$ to ,rob]t de ,*ambray1 :o is !re /at$ to h be5 abbot f #ache to #acic1 a fact :i* ! ,abb ,de la ,rue utt]ly disbelieves4 ,he1 h[ev]1 is ( op9ion1 t ! tiles are ( ne>ly ! same date1 or a little e>li]2 & he consid]s !m z belong+ to ! families :o _h suppli$ abbots & monks to ! conv5t4 ,,notes3 #ca ,du*esne1 ,scriptores ,normanni1 pp4 #bgg & #bhb4 #cb ,s says ,huet1 9 8 ,orig9es de ,ca51 p4 #age1 ^u ! au?ority ( ! ,*ronicle ( ! ,abbey ( ,bec2 & no attempt 0 made to controv]t ?is fact1 till ! rec5t publication ( ! ,abb ,de la ,rue's ,essais ,hi/oriques1 9 :i* x is attempt$ to be prov$1 f v>i\s indirect te/imonies1 t ! build+ c\ld n h be5 f9i%$ till aft] ! ye> #ajgj2 inde$1 t x c\ld n ev5 h be5 begun at ! "t fix$ by ,huet = its completion1 inasmu* z ! f\ndation *>t]1 :i* mu/ be ( a date po/]ior to #ajff1 uses ! foll[+ expression4--,ego ,guillelmus1 ,anglorum ,rex1 ,normannorum et ,co5omanorum pr9ceps1 ,co5obium 9 honorem ,dei ac ,beatissimi pro?om>tyris ,/ephani1 intra ,burgum1 quem vulg>i nom9e vocant1 ,cadomum1 pro salute anim me1 uxoris1 filiorum ac p>5tum meorum1 disposui con/ru5dum4 #cc ,see ,neu/ria ,pia1 p4 #fci4 #cd ,dom ,blan*>d1 a ,b5$ict9e ,monk1 :o left an unpubli%$ hi/ory ( ?is mona/]y1 says1 t ! ,conqu]or obta9$ ab\t ! same "t f ,con/ant9ople1 ,/4 ,/eph5's skull2 & t ! translation ( x into ! abbatial *ur* 0 celebrat$ by an annual fe/ival on ! eigh? ( ,octob]4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,soissons boa/$ ( ! possession ( ! same relic2 & ( hav+ also procur$ x f ,con/ant9ople4--,too mu* confid5ce1 x is prud5tly obs]v$ by a ca?olic writ] on ?is subject1 mu/ n be plac$ 9 ! au!nticity ( ^? relics1 :i* _c be trac$ to ! date ( ,/4 ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 ! six? c5tury6 #ce ,lanfranc1 aft] hav+ = "s "t direct$ at ,bec ! fir/ s*ool ev] e/abli%$ 9 ,norm&y1 ^u 8 translation to ,ca51 op5$ ano!r 9 t t[n4 ,9 ! ,lives ( ! ,abbots ( ,bec1 writt5 9 lat9 v]se1 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 by ,pet]1 a monk ( ! conv5t ( ,sa9t-,pi]re-sur-,dives1 p>ticul> honor is giv5 to ,lanfranc on ! subject ( 8 s*ool at ,ca51 :i* _h produc$ _m m5 em95t = _! pr(ici5cy 9 sacr$ & secul> lit]ature1 & 0 at t "t fl\ri%+4 ,! ,abb ,de la ,rue gives a long li/ ( !m4 ,essais ,hi/oriques1 ,,ii4 p4 #gj4 #cf ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 9 ,du*esne's ,scriptores ,normanni1 p4 #edi4 #cg ,essais ,hi/oriques1 ,,ii4 p4 #fd4 #ch ,du*esne1 ,scriptores ,normanni1 p4 #ffc4 #ci ,neu/ria ,pia1 p4 #fdj4 #dj ,gallia ,*ri/iana1 ,,ii4 p4 #dbe4 #da ,8 "n is n to be f\nd 9 ! li/ ( abbots giv5 9 ! ,neu/ria ,pia2 b ! au?ors ( ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana say1 7,,xi4 p4 #dhj17 t he 0 nom9at$ to ! prelacy ^u ! resignation ( ! ?irty-f\r? abbot1 ,*>les d',o1 & 0 confirm$ 9 x by ! ,/ates ( ,blois4 ,x is admitt$1 h[ev]1 t1 not)/&+ 8 appo9tm5t 9 #aeif1 8 pr$ecessor cont9u$ to receive ! emolum5ts ( ! (fice1 till #afbd1 & enjoy$ a l>ge p5sion aris+ f !m1 till 8 dea?1 9 #afbg4 #db ,9 speak+ ( ^!1 ! ,abb ,de la ,rue takes occasion to lay d[n a g5]al rule1 7,essais ,hi/oriques1 ,,ii4 p4 #fa7 t on ne tr\ve ord9airem5t en ,norm&ie1 que des arcades semi-circulaires dans les ,xe4 ,x,ie4 et ,x,i,ie4 sicles2 au contraire1 les arcades en po9tes des nefs1 des f5tres et des portes des glises1 autrem5t les arcades en ogive1 n'ont eu lieu *ez n\s que dans le ,x,i,i,ie4 sicle et les suivans4 ,on tr\ve galem5t ces deux /yles en ,anglet]re et aux mmes poques1 et leur diffr5ce e/ une des pr9cipales rgles qui s]v5t aux antiquaires ,anglois1 p\r disc]n] les con/ructions ,norm&es et ,anglo-,norm&es1 des con/ructions d'un autre g5re4--,b ,mr4 ,turn]1 9 8 inquiries respect+ ! =m] ca!dral ( ,lisieux1 7,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #aca7 appe>s to h prov$ t ! po9t$ ar* mu/ h _h exi/5ce at a consid]ably e>li] p]iod 9 ,france2 & x is expect$1 t "s in/ances :i* w be adduc$ 9 ! sequel ( ! "w1 w h ! effect ( confirm+ 8 op9ion4 #dc ,anglo-,norman ,antiquities1 p4 #eg4 #dd ,sepul*ral ,monum5ts1 ,i4 p4 #bdg1 t4 #cj4--,! epitaph1 :i*1 9 ! orig9al1 is full ( contractions1 x is suppos$ by ! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 %\ld be read z foll[s3-- ,guillelmus jacet hic1 petr>um summus 9 arte3 ,i/e novum p]fecit opus2 det premia ,*ri/us4 ,am54 #de ,a simil> r[ ( ar*es is f\nd on ! nor? transept ( ,norwi* ,ca!dral1 betwe5 ! fir/ & second ti] ( w9d[s4--,see ,britton's ,norwi* ,ca!dral1 plate #aj4 #df ,,ii4 p4 #aie4 #dg ,antiquits de ,ca51 p4 #aga4 #dh ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #bjc4 #di ,see ,neu/ria ,pia1 p4 #fef4 #ej ,! inscription ^u x1 :i* details ! v>i\s ev5ts t _h befall5 ! tomb1 is giv5 9 ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #aig4 ,,plates ,,xxiv4--,,xxxiii4 ,,abbey ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,tr9ity1 ,,at ,,ca54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bd4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,tr9ity1 ,,ca54 ,we/ front4 ,m5tion has already be5 made1 "u ! prec$+ subject1 ( ! orig9 ( ! conv5t ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 ^: *ur*1 ?\gh n an equally ext5sive build+ z t ( ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,/eph51 is inf9itely m ri* 9 its decorations1 & has be5 left almo/ entirely 9 its orig9al =m4 ,a m p]fect example ( a ,norman abbatial *ur*1 is p]haps no :]e to be f\nd2 &1 z ?is edifice _h ! f>!r advantage ( hav+ be5 rais$ at ! p]iod :5 ! prov9ce 0 at ! acme ( its p[]1 ( hav+ be5 erect$ by an individual ( ! highe/ rank1 & ( hav+ ow$ its exi/5ce to an occasion peculi>ly calculat$ to call =? ! ex]cise ( ! utmo/ lib]ality & spl5dor1 x has be5 conceiv$ t ! object ( a "w l ! pres5t1 c\ld n be bett] answ]$1 ?an by exhibit+ su* a build+ 9 its fulle/ details4 ,) ! *ur*es ( ! ,tr9ity & ( ,/4 ,georges be=e him1 ! read] w be/ be enabl$ to judge :at ,norman ar*itecture really 03 no difficulty or d\bt c arise z to ! hi/ory or ! date ( ei!r2 & he may re/ satisfi$1 t :atev] has be5 select$ f !m1 is1 z f> z human obs]vation c decide1 exactly 9 ! /ate 9 :i* x 0 left by ! orig9al build]4 ,! abbey ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity 0 f\nd$ 9 #ajff1 by ,matilda ( ,fl&]s1 wife to ,william ,,ii4 ,duke ( ,norm&y2 & its *ur* 0 d$icat$ on ! eighte5? ( ,june ( ! same ye>1 by ,maurilius1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 assi/$ by ! bi%ops & abbots ( ! prov9ce1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( ! duke & du*ess1 toge!r ) _! pr9cipal b>ons4 ,! sov]eign1 ^u ! same day1 pres5t$ at ! alt> 8 infant daught]1 ,cecilia1 devot+ h] to ! s]vice ( ,god 9 ?is mona/]y1 9 :i* %e 0 accord+ly educat$1 & 0 its fir/ nun & second abbess4 ,hi/ory has record$ ! "n ( ! fir/ abbess1 ,matilda1 & relates t %e 0 ( "o ( ! mo/ noble families ( ! du*y2 b no f>!r p>ticul>s are kn[n respect+ h]4 ,! f\ndation-*>t]s ( ?is conv5t1 :i* be> date 9 ! ye>s #ajff & #ajhb1 are full ( donations 9 e respect pr9cely2 & ^!1 n only on ! "p ( ! sov]eign1 b also ( 8 nobles1 ^: signatures are likewise atta*$ to ! in/rum5ts4 ,! que51 also1 at h] decease1 left ! mona/]y h] cr[n1 sceptre1 & ornam5ts ( /ate2#ea ?us sett+ ! example1 :i* 0 %ortly aft]w>ds foll[$ by h] royal consort1 ) reg>d to ! abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph54 ,rob]t1 ! ,conqu]or's successor 9 ! duk$om1 0 n beh9d-h& ) 8 fa!r 9 8 lib]ality to ! conv5t ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,! latt]1 9 8 *>t]1 dat$ #ajhc1 _h res]v$ to himself ! "r ( ! fi%]y ( ! ,orne1 toge!r ) sundry possessions outside ! walls ( ! t[n1 9 ! direction ( ! suburb ( ,vaugeux4 ,all ^! 7 c$$ by ! new duke to 8 si/]2 & out ( ! v>i\s grants1 on ! "p ( ! fa!r & son1 0 =m$ :at 0 d5om9at$ ! ,b\rg l',abbesse1 or ,b>ony ( ,/4 ,giles4 ,duke ,rob]t did yet m2 =1 aft] hav+ di/+ui%$ himself at ! capture ( ,j]usalem1 & refus$ ! cr[n ( ! ,holy ,l&1 he br\ght home ) him1 on 8 return to ,france1 & deposit$ 9 ! abbatial *ur* f\nd$ by 8 "m1 ! great /&>d ( ! ,s>ac5s1 wre/$ f !m by 8 valor 9 ! field ( ,ascalon4 ,among ! privileges conf]r$ ^u ! abbey ( ! ,tr9ity1 by ! ,norman pr9ces1 0 ! "r ( hold+ a fair ^u ,tr9ity-,sunday & ! days t imm$iately prec$$ & foll[$ x4 ,! abbess1 dur+ ^! days1 0 entitl$ to all ! t[n dues2 &1 to leave no d\bt ( h] "r1 %e 0 9 ! habit ( s5d+ "s ( h] (fic]s at vesp]s "t on ! ,friday1 to affix h] armorial be>+s to e entrance ( ! t[n4 ,! same (fic]s also atta*$ _! own boxes = ! receipt ( cu/oms to ! gates1 9 lieu ( ^? ( ! f>m]-g5]al4 ,wat] alone c\ld be br\ght 9 )\t paym5t ( toll4 ,z long z ! fair la/$1 ! abbess 0 likewise treat$ ) milit>y honors2 ! comm&ant ( ! g>rison1 :atev] 8 rank1 0 b\nd to apply to h]1 9 p]son1 = ! p>ole ( ! day4 ,! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 f ^: "w mo/ ( ! hi/orical facts conc]n+ ?is conv5t are extract$1 /ates1 t he has himself se5 ! ,m>*al de ,h>c\rt1 :ile gov]nor ( ,norm&y1 wait ^u ! abbess = ! purpose2 & he is ( op9ion1 t ! cu/om exi/$ f ! v f\ndation ( ! mona/]y4 ,x w n be matt] ( surprise1 t an e/abli%m5t1 ?us gift$ & di/+ui%$1 %\ld h be5 t5ant$ by ! *ildr5 ( ^? :o _h contribut$ to ! end[m5t4 ,! names ( ! daught]s & nieces ( ! *ief ,norman b>ons1 w be f\nd 9 ! catalogue ( ! fir/ nuns4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 0 at t p]iod ! /ate ( society1 t ev5 an abbey1 s f\nd$1 end[$1 & occupi$1 0 doom$ to af=d a rem>kable in/ance ( ! caprici\s b>b>ity ( ! times4 ,no soon] 0 ! dea? ( ! ,conqu]or kn[n1 ?an ! v nobles1 :o1 b a few ye>s previ\sly1 _h be5 =emo/ z b5efactors to ! conv5t1 assum$ ! opposite "*1 & did e ?+ 9 _! p[] to despoil1 & to de/roy x4 ,!y _h !mselves subscrib$ ! foll[+ d5unciation3--,si quis v] horum omnium1 qu prdict ,s4 ,tr9itatis ecclesi data o/5sa sunt1 tem]>i prsumptione aliqu&o1 7quod absit7 violator effectus1 9 su impud5ti ob/9atione p]/it]it3 ,nov]it ille se ana!ma factum a ,dom9o1 sanct ac beat fidelium omnium communione privatum ,div9o judicio1 p]petualitr esse plect5dum4--,b no consid]ation1 human or div9e1 c\ld re/ra9 _! rapacity3 !y pillag$ ! l&s2 seiz$ ! corn & cattle belong+ to ! mona/]y2 imprison$ "s ( ! t5ants & vassals1 & put o!rs to ! sword4 ,^!1 & _m o!r facts1 mo/ curi\sly illu/rative ( ! mann]s ( ! age1 are to be f\nd 9 ! collection ( ! *>t]s ( ! abbey4 ,!y prove indisputably1 7if su* a fact ne$s pro(7 t ! days ( *ivalry 7 f> f be+ days ( hone/y4 ,b !y also %ew1 :at ! read] may n be equally prep>$ to see1 t among ^! plund]]s 0 ,h5ry himself1 ! ,conqu]or's y\nge/ son1 :o did n scruple to lay wa/e ! l&s giv5 to ! abbey by 8 "m2 & :o1 z ! ,abb de la ,rue rem>ks1 _h probably1 ev5 at t e>ly p]iod1 conceiv$ ! int5tion ( seiz+ ^u 8 pat]nal t]ritory1 & might be engag$ 9 ! amass+ ( ^? pecuni>y res\rces1 by ! aid ( :i* he ultimately succe$$ 9 8 usurpation ( ! ?rone4 ,among ! possessions ( ! abbey ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 7 sev]al e/ates#eb & adv[sons 9 ,engl&2 = ! bett] adm9i/ration ( :i*1 ! pres5ce ( ! abbess 0 occasionally requir$ on ?is side ( ! wat]4 ,! names ( m ?an "o ( ! holy ladies are on record1 :o honor$ our isl& ) _! pres5ce4 ,! j\rnal ( ! t\r ( ! abbess1 ,georgette du ,molley ,bacon1 /ates h] to h emb>k$ at ,ca51 on ! sixte5? ( ,augu/1 #aegj1 ) fifte5 p]sons 9 h] suite1 & to h l&$ 9 ,london1 & proce$$ to h] manor-h\se at ,fel/$1 9 ,essex1 f :i* %e did n return to ,norm&y till ,tr9ity-,sunday 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,h5ce x may be easily inf]r$1 t ! rules ( ! conv5t 7 n ( ! /ricte/ description4 ,! e/abli%m5t inde$ 01 f its orig91 "u ! regulation ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 b ! nuns1 ?\gh !y liv$ "u ! same ro(1 7 n b\nd by v[s3 !y 7 accu/om$ to receive _! fri5ds 9 _! own ap>tm5ts2 & _m ( !m _h nieces or o!r relations ) !m1 :om !y br\ght up4 ,! refectory 0 common2 & !y ate meat sev]al days 9 ! week4 ,!re 7 also /at$ times1 on :i* x 0 all[able = !m to take ! air 9 a g>d5 at a %ort di/ance f ! conv5t4 ,! abbess h]self _h h] ,c\ntry-h\se at ,oi/reham1 :]e %e frequ5tly resid$2 & ^u ! occasion ( ^? fe/ivals :i* are di/+ui%$ by public processions1 ! :ole body ( ! community us$ to g 9 procession to ea* ( ! diff]5t *ur*es ( ,ca54 ,sometimes too ! abbess att5d$ ) a p>ty ( h] nuns at ! p]=mance ( any my/]y or simil> sc5ical repres5tation4 ,! acc\nt ( ! rev5ues ( ! mona/]y 9 #adbc1 %ews h[ ,nicole de ,rupalley1 !n abbess1 0 pres5t at ! act+ ( ! ,miracle ( ,/4 ,v9c5t1 & rew>d$ ! p]=m]s ) a gratuity ( t5 sols1 a sum equival5t1 at t "t1 to t5 bu%els ( :eat4 ,ab\t ! ye> #aeae1 an attempt 0 made by ! sup]ior1 ,isabel ( ,b\rbon1 to curtail ! indulg5ces ( ! si/]hood1 by keep+ !m m closely conf9$1 increas+ ! numb] ( fa/-days1 & g5]ally introduc+ a sy/em ( great] rigor4 ,b ! nuns remon/rat$ aga9/ ! innovation1 & _h rec\rse to ! ,bi%op ( ,bayeux1 all$g+ ! inju/ice ( _! be+ call$ ^u to submit !mselves to regulations1 to :i* !y _h n orig9ally subscrib$4 ,! prelate1 :o felt ! po9t to be a delicate "o1 refus$ to decide2 & ! matt] end$ 9 an appeal to ! ,pope1 :o1 f9ally1 all[$ ! nuns to retire into o!r conv5ts1 :]e !y might enjoy ! fre$om !y claim$4 ,:51 aft] ! capture ( ,ca5 by ,edw>d1 9 #acdf1 ! inhabitants resolv$ ^u =tify+ ! t[n anew1 ! abbeys ( ,/4 ,/eph5 & ( ! ,tr9ity1 bo? ( :i* lay 9 ! suburbs1 7 exclud$ f ! l9e ( circumvallation2 & ! consequ5ce 0 _! exposure to insults & pillage4 ,! monks & nuns 7 !re=e oblig$ to look to _! own def5ce2 &1 ^u ,k+ ,john's com+ to ,ca51 eight ye>s aft]w>ds1 !y obta9$ f him lett]s pat5t1 au?oriz+ !m to encircle _! conv5ts ) walls1 t[]s1 & fosses ( _! own4 ,h5ce orig9at$ ! /range anomaly ( a =tress & nunn]y )9 ! same prec9cts4 ,! si/]hood1 al>m$ at _! situation1 sold _! plate1 & ev5 ! %r9es ( _! relics1 to provide = _! safety2 & p]mission 0 aft]w>ds grant$ !m to levy contributions ^u _! vassals1 = ! purpose ( exp$it+ & complet+ ! task4--,9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vi4 dur+ ! wane ( ! ,briti% p[] 9 ,france1 ord]s 7 issu$ by ! mon>* = ! dismantl+ ( ! =t ( ! ,tr9ity1 le/ x %\ld be seiz$ by ! inhabitants ( ! neighborhood1 :o 7 endeavor+ to get possession ( ,ca54 ,b ! abbess resi/$ ! royal edict2 &1 "u an appreh5sion1 le/ ! attempt to c>ry x into effect %\ld induce h] to op5 ! gates to ! insurg5ts1 h] resi/ance 0 all[$ to be effectual4--,k+ ,*>les repeat$ly took up 8 qu>t]s 9 ?is mona/]y1 :ile 8 army 0 lay+ siege to ,ca51 9 #adej1 & m5tion cont9ues to be made ( ! =tress till ! comm5cem5t ( ! foll[+ c5tury2 b aft] t "t1 x appe>s to h be5 suff]$ to g to ru94 ,m4 ,de la ,rue rejects1 z unf\nd$1 ! /atem5t ( ! ,bi%op ( ,avran*es1 :i* has obta9$ g5]al cr$5ce1 t ! spires ( ! we/]n t[]s ( ! abbey 7 de/roy$ 9 #acfj1 by ,*>les ! ,bad1 on acc\nt ( _! use = ! detect+ ( ! approa* ( an enemy4 ,8 pr9cipal argum5t aga9/ ! fact is1 t ! ,k+ ( ,nav>re 0 at t v "t at peace ) ,france2 & !re=e1 suppos+ x to be c]ta9 t !y 7 tak5 d[n by t pr9ce1 he is ( op9ion1 t _! demolition mu/ h be5 ord]$ to prev5t !m f s]v+ z l&m>ks to ! ,engli%4 ,at ! same "t1 he is evid5tly incl9$ to ?9k t ! t[]s 7 nev] surm\nt$ by spires at all2 & he obs]ves1 ) mu* app>5t ju/ice1 t1 if !re really 7 any1 & if !y 7 really de/roy$ at ! p]iod all$g$1 ! t[]s mu/ h be5 left = a long "t 9 a ru9$ /ate1 z _! pres5t t]m9ation is kn[n to be ! "w ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! orig9al *>t]s & title-de$s ( ! abbey ( ! ,tr9ity 7 lo/ dur+ ! revolution4 ,!y p]i%$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! extreme c>e ( ! la/ abbess1 :o1 full ( anxiety = _! pres]vation1 secur$ !m 9 trunks1 & hid !m 9 ! ceil+ ( ! *ur*4 ,b1 9 ^? disa/r\s times1 ! lead t cov]$ ! *ur*es 0 among ! e>lie/ objects ( plund]2 & ! consequ5ce 01 t ! ro( 0 /ripp$2 ! boxes expos$ to ! ra92 ! wood & pap] :olly de/roy$2 & ! t9 cases t held ! *>t]s s eat5 by ru/1 t _! cont5ts 7 r5d]$ illegible4 ,x 0 9 ?is /ate t !y 7 f\nd by ! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 :o 0 9 possession ( ! secret1 & :o1 on 8 return to ,france1 aft] ! cessation ( ! tr\bles & ! dea? ( ! abbess1 obta9$ p]mission f ! prefect = ! se>* to be made4 ,! *ur* ( ! abbey ( ! ,tr9ity _h its own peculi> rites2 &1 till ! p]iod ( ! revolution1 ! community 7 9 ! habit ( pr9t+ _! liturgy annually 9 lat94 ,a v beautiful qu>to volume1 conta9+ ! ritual1 0 publi%$ at ,ca51 9 #afbb1 by ! ord] ( ,laur5ce de ,budos1 !n abbess4 ,x 0 probably f pride at a privilege ( ?is nature1 & f a confid5ce 9 _! /r5g?1 t ! nuns p]si/$ 9 celebrat+ ! ridicul\s1 or1 x might almo/ be call$1 blasphem\s ,fte des ,f\s1 = a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,c\ncil ( ,basle _h decre$ ! suppression ( x ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 imitation too ( ! ,boy-,bi%ops ( ,bayeux1 ,salisbury1 & o!r *ur*es1 ! nuns ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity _h _! ,girl-,abbesses4 ,! anci5t rolls ( ! mona/]y make m5tion1 "u ! head ( exp5ses 9 #adbc1 ( six sols giv51 by way ( (f]+1 on ,innoc5ts'-,day1 aux petites ,abbesses4 ,?is 0 ! day on :i* ! ,girl-,abbess 0 elect$3 ! sup]ior ( ! conv5t resign$ to h] ! abbatial /all & crozi] at vesp]s1 z soon z !y came to ! v]se ( ! ,magnificat1 beg9n+ ,deposuit pot5tes de s$e2 & ! f>ce 0 kept up till ! same h\r ! succe$+ ev5+4 ,! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 :o m5tions ?is fact1 obs]ves ) ju/ice1 t ano!r circum/ance1 :i* appe>s f ^! acc\nts1 is /ill m extraord9>y2--t1 ev5 z late z #aedf1 ! abbess 0 9 ! habit ( mak+ an annual paym5t ( five sols to ! ca!dral ( ,bayeux1 = its ,boy-,bi%op4 ,! entry is 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,au petit vque de ,bayeux1 p\r sa p5sion1 a9si qu'il e/ acc\tum1 ,v4 s\s4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! prec$+ c5tury1 ! abbot ( ,/4 ,/eph5 0 also accu/om$ to pay tw5ty sols p] annum1 on ! same acc\nt2 b 8 paym5t 0 probably discont9u$ imm$iately aft] ! edict ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,basle1 ?\gh ! c]emony ( ! ,boy-,bi%op 0 n suppress$ at ,bayeux till #adhb4 ,inde$1 only six ye>s be=e t "t1 ! inv5tory ( ! sacri/y ( ! ca!dral enum]at$1 among its o!r valuables1 ,two mitres = ! ,boy-,bi%op1 ,! crozi] belong+ to ! ,boy-,bi%op1 ,! ,boy-,bi%op's mitt5s1 ,& f\r small copes ( sc>let sat91 = ! use ( ! s++-boys on ,innoc5ts'-,day4 ,! abbess ( ,ca51 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( h] (ficial1 ex]cis$ spiritual jurisdiction ov] ! p>i%es ( ,/4 ,giles1 ,c>piquet1 ,oi/reham1 & ,/4 ,aub9-d',arqu5ay1 by virtue ( a privilege grant$ by ! bi%ops ( ,bayeux1 z well = h]self & h] nuns1 z = ! vassals ( ! sev]al p>i%es4 ,?is privilege1 h[ev]1 ext5d$ no f>!r ?an to an exemption f c]ta9 pecuni>y f9es1 :i* ! diocesans1 9 ! middle ages1 exact$ f _! flocks2 & ev5 9 ?is conf9$ acceptation1 x 0 m ?an once ! subject ( litigation betwe5 ! conv5t & ! see4 ,9 l mann]1 ! civil & crim9al jurisdiction claim$ by ! abbess ov] ! same p>i%es1 br\ght h] occasionally into disputes ) ! bailiff & visc\nt ( ,ca53 h] rights 7 repeat$ly call$ 9 "q1 & %e 0 oblig$ to h rec\rse to legal tribunals to e/abli% !m4 ,! foll[+ v extraord9>y suit is at once illu/rative ( ! fact1 & ( ! "* ( ! times3--,9 ! ye> #adhj1 an infant 0 eat5 up 9 its cradle1 by a be/ia porc9a1 )9 ! prec9cts ( ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,giles4 ,! abbess' (fic]s seiz$ ! del9qu5t1 & in/itut$ a process = its condemnation be=e ! s5es*al ( ! conv5t4 ,dur+ ! "t1 h[ev]1 t ! "q 0 p5d+1 ! k+'s attorney-g5]al int]f]$4 ,he summon$ ! abbess be=e ! high-bailiff1 &1 ma9ta9+ t ! crime _h be5 committ$ )9 ! cognizance ( ! bailiwick1 he claim$ ! bea/1 & dem&$ t its trial %\ld take place be=e "o ( ! royal tribunals4 ,debates imm$iately arose z to ! limits ( _! respective jurisdictions3 inquiries 7 set on foot2 memorials & c\nt]-memorials 7 pres5t$2 & ! abbess f9ally succe$$ 9 c>ry+ h] po9t1 only by d9t ( prov+ t %e _h1 "s ye>s previ\sly1 burn$ a "y woman 9 ! ,place aux ,campions1 = hav+ murd]$ a man 9 ! self-same h\se :]e ! hog dev\r$ ! *ild4 ,among ! obligations orig9ally impos$ ^u ?is conv5t1 0 t ( giv+ a d9n] annually1 on ,tr9ity ,sunday1 to su* ( ! inhabitants ( ! p>i% ( ,vaux-sur-,saulles & _! dome/ics1 z _h resid$ !re a ye> & a day4 ,! repa/ 0 s]v$ up )9 ! abbey walls1 & 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,aft] ! gue/s _h wa%$ _! h&s 9 a tub ( wat]1 !y seat$ !mselves on ! gr\nd1 & a clo? 0 spread be=e !m4 ,a loaf1 ( ! weight ( tw5ty-"o ounces1 0 !n giv5 to ea* individual1 & ) x a slice ( boil$ bacon1 six in*es squ>e4 ,to ?is 0 add$ a ra%] ( bacon1 fri$2 & ! fea/ conclud$ ) a bas9 ( bread & milk = e p]son1 all ( !m hav+ likewise z mu* be] & cid] z !y c\ld dr9k4 ,! d9n]1 z may naturally be suppos$1 la/$ f ?ree to f\r h\rs2 & x w also n be difficult to imag9e1 t ! ent]ta9+ ( su* a motley ?rong on su* a day1 c\ld n fail to be att5d$ ) great annoyance to ! nuns1 & ) v>i\s inconv5i5ces4 ,! conv5t _h !re=e1 f a v e>ly date1 endeavor$ to free !mselves f ! obligation1 by ! paym5t ( a sum ( money2 &1 9 times ( w>1 ! t[n ( ,ca5 _h occasionally int]pos$1 & =c$ ! p to accept ! composition1 f an appreh5sion1 le/ ! enemy %\ld ga9 possession ( ! =t ( ! ,tr9ity1 by introduc+ !mselves into x among ! au?oriz$ gue/s4 ,x appe>s t1 9 #adbi1 ! abbess pur*as$ an exemption at ! price ( ?irty livres1 a sum equival5t to ?irty-sev5 & a half qu>t]s ( corn1 at a "t :5 :eat sold = two sols ! bu%el2 & tw5ty-two ye>s subsequ5tly1 ,*>les ,,vii4 !n ,k+ ( ,france1 grant$ 8 lett]s pat5t1 aboli%+ ! d9n] altoge!r1 ^u condition ( a l sum be+ annually paid to ! p>o*ial *e/4 ,to ! abbey *ur* ( ! ,tr9ity 7 atta*$ sev]al *apels1 z well )\t z )9 its walls3 ! mo/ rem>kable ( ^! 0 t ( ,/4 ,?omas1 g5]ally kn[n by ! "n ( ,/4 ,?omas l',abattu1 9 ! suburb ( ,/4 ,giles4 ,x 01 9 its orig9al /ate1 an hospital1 & 0 call$ ! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,?omas ! ,m>tyr 9 ! fields1 :5ce ,de la ,rue inf]s t x 0 built 9 commemoration ( ,?omas--,becket1 & 0 probably erect$ imm$iately aft] 8 canonization 9 #aagc4 ,huet1 on ! contr>y1 tells u1 t x _h exi/$ f "t immemorial2 & ,duc>el1 :o has describ$ & figur$ x1#ec appe>s to h also reg>d$ x z ( v high antiquity4 ,! gradual disappe>ance ( leprosy _h caus$ x to be long s9ce div]t$ f its orig9al purpose4 ,9 #aefi1 x 0 pillag$ by ! ,hugu5ots2 &1 z no pa9s 7 tak5 to repair ! injuries !n done1 x cont9u$ 9 a /ate ( dilapidation1 imp]ceptibly wa/+ away1 till ! p]iod ( ! revolution1 :5 x 0 sold1 toge!r ) ! o!r national prop]ty2 & ev5 its ru9s h n[ disappe>$4 ,happily1 ! abbatial *ur* ( ! ,tr9ity 0 at t "t m =tunate3 x 0 suff]$ to cont9ue unappropriat$1 till1 ^u ! in/itution ( ! ,legion ( ,honor1 ,napolon appli$ x to "s purposes connect$ ) t body1 by :om x 0 a few ye>s ago c$$ = its pres5t object1 t ( a workh\se = ! dep>tm5t4 ,! *oir alone is n[ us$ z a *ur*3 ! nave s]ves = "w-rooms2 &1 to r5d] x ! bett] applicable to ?is purpose1 a floor has be5 ?r[n across1 :i* divides x into two /ories4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ 9 a rec5t publication1#ed t a f9] specim5 ( ! solid gr&eur ( ,norman ar*itecture1 is sc>cely to be f\nd any :]e ?an 9 ! we/ front ( ?is *ur*1 7! subject ( ! tw5ty-f\r? plate47 ,! correspond+ "p ( ! rival abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph51 is poor :5 comp>$ to x2 & ,jumieges & ,/4 ,georges equally fail 9 ! comp>ison4 ,9 all ^!1 !re is "s ar*itectural anomaly3 9 ! ,tr9ity none1 except+ inde$ ! balu/rade at ! top ( ! t[]s2 & ?is is s obvi\sly an addition ( mod]n times1 t no "o c be misl$ by x4#ee ,?is balu/rade 0 erect$ t[>ds ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :5 ! oval ap]tures & scrolls1 se5 9 ,duc>el's pr9t1#ef 7 introduc$4--,x may be well to take ! pres5t opportunity ( mak+ a g5]al obs]vation1 t ?\gh1 9 speak+ ( ?is & ( o!r *ur*es1 ! t]m1 we/ front1 may commonly be appli$ to ! "p conta9+ ! pr9cipal entrance2 yet t ?is t]m mu/ be receiv$ ) a c]ta9 degree ( latitude4 ,! ,norman religi\s edifices are f> f be+ equally regul> 9 _! position z ! ,engli%4 ,) a g5]al incl9ation to ! we/1 !y v>y to e po9t ( ! compass4#eg ,! *ur* ( ! abbey ( ! ,tr9ity fronts ! nor?-we/--,! ar*itrave ( ! c5tral door-way is compos$ ( _m surfaces ( great dep?3 two-?irds ( !m are flat & pla91 & rec$e s little1 z to af=d b small opportunity = light & %ade4 ,its decorations are few & simple1 consi/+ almo/ :olly ( ! billet & *evron m\ld+1 ! =m] occupy+ ! ext]ior1 ! latt] ! int]ior1 circles4 ,9 ! out]mo/ b&1 ! billets =m a s+le r[1 & take ! curve ( ! ar*2 ! succe$+ circle exhibits !m ) an unusual arrangem5t1 plac$ comp\nd1 & all po9t+ to ! c5tre ( ! door4 ,^!1 ) ! addition ( quatrefoils1 & ( "s grotesque heads1 :i* s]ve z key-/ones to ! m\ld+s ov] ! w9d[s ( ! tri=ium1 are ! only ornam5ts :i* ?is front c boa/4 ,! capitals ?r\gh\t x are ( ! simple/ =ms1 be+ 9 g5]al little m ?an inv]t$ cones1 slightly truncat$1 = ! purpose ( mak+ !m correspond ) ! columns bel[4 ,"s few ( !m h ! addition ( small project+ knobs imm$iately bel[ ! angles ( ! impo/2 :ile ^? 9 ! squ>e t[]s are =m$ by a %ort cyl9d]1 ^: diamet] exce$s t ( ! %aft1 surm\nt$ by a squ>e block1 by way ( abacus4 ,! t[]s & buttresses decrease 9 size upw>ds4--,an ar*itectural peculi>ity des]v+ ( notice 9 ?is front1 lies 9 ! triangul> m\ld+s1 obs]vable 9 ! sp&rils ( ! ar*es ( ! cl]e/ory4 ,! same are occasionally1 ?\gh r>ely1 f\nd 9 o!r build+s ( unque/ionably ,norman orig91 z 9 ! *ur* at ,falaise1 & 9 ,norwi* ,ca!dral#eh 9 our own c\ntry4 ,!y are "h m p>ticul>ly notic$1 z s]v+ to illu/rate :at has be5 consid]$ an anomaly 9 ! ar*itecture ( "s ( ! r\nd-t[]$ *ur*es 9 ,norfolk & ,suffolk1#ei :]e ! w9d[s are =m$ ) heads ( ?is %ape4 ,antiqu>ies1 unwill+ to admit t ! flat-sid$ ar*1 z x has be5 call$ by a p]v]sion ( t]ms1 0 introduc$ into ,engl& prior to ! f\rte5? c5tury1 h labor$ to prove t su* w9d[s 7 alt]ations ( t p]iod1 contr>y to ! evid5ce ( e "p ( ! build+4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #be4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,tr9ity1 ,,ca54 ,ea/ ,end4 ,! ea/-end ( ! *oir 7plate tw5ty-five7 pres5ts a bold t]m9ation1 pi]c$ ) t5 spaci\s w9d[s1 t give light to ! *oir1 ea* ( !m encircl$ ) a broad b&1 compos$ ( ! same ornam5ts z are f\nd 9 ! re/ ( ! ext]ior ( ! edifice4 ,?is "p ( ! *ur* is divid$ 9 its elevation into ?ree comp>tm5ts1 ! l[] conta9+ a r[ ( small blank ar*es1 :ile 9 ea* ( ! upp] two is a w9d[ ( an unusual size = a ,norman build+1 b /ill )\t mullions or trac]y4 ,! w9d[s ore sep>at$ by ?ick cyl9drical pill>s1 :i* rise f imm$iately above a r[ ( w9d[s t give light to ! crypt4 ,! heads ( ^! w9d[s are level ) ! surface ( ! gr\nd2 & ! wall1 9 ?is subt]ranean "p ( ! build+1 is consid]ably ?ick] ?an x is above4 ,! balu/rade ( quatrefoils above appe>s coeval ) ! re/1 & may be reg>d$ z t5d+ to e/abli% ! orig9ality ( t 9 ! nave ( ! abbey *ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph54#fj ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bf4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,tr9ity ,,at ,,ca54 ,ea/ end1 int]ior4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bg4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,tr9ity ,,at ,,ca54 ,nor? side ( ! ,*oir1 upp] comp>tm5t4 ,! tw5ty-six? & tw5ty-sev5? plates %ew ! int]ior ( ! *oir1 z ! ?irty-?ird does ! mo/ rem>kable ( its capitals4 ,?is "p ( ! *ur*1 9 its g5]al arrangem5t1 v mu* resembles ! same portion 9 ,/4 ,georges & 9 ,norwi* ,ca!dral4 ,! second1 h[ev]1 ( ^! build+s1 reta9s ! orig9al gro9+s ( ! ro(1 :i* 9 our ,engli% *ur* h be5 sacrific$1 to make room = l>ge po9t$ w9d[s2 :ile 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,tr9ity !y h giv5 place to a spaci\s dome1 pa9t$ ) a repres5tation ( ! ,assumption4 ,9 ! =egr\nd ( ?is picture1 is se5 ! royal f\ndress ( ! abbey2 &1 accord+ to common tradition1 ! portrait ( a female dress$ 9 ! habit ( a nun1 on ! nor? side ( ! high alt>1 is also int5d$ = h]4 ,b traditions ( ?is nature are too vague = mu* reliance to be plac$ ^u !m4 ,! alt>-piece itself is an ,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds1 n devoid ( m]it4--,! pla9 ar*es1 ) _! truncat$ columns1 se5 9 ! upp] "p ( plate #bf1 ne> ! front on ei!r side1 & repeat$ 9 ! foll[+ plate1 are ^? :i* t]m9ate ! flat "p ( ! *oir4 ,! wide unv>i$ ext5t ( blank surface b5ea? !m is attributable to mod]n masons1 :o h fill$ up & cov]$ ar*es )\t m]cy or discretion1 & h pi]c$ ! walls anew ) pla9 mean door-ways4 ,! w9d[s are l(ty1 & ( f9e proportions4 ,_! glaz+ is probably ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 :5 ! gorge\s spl5dor ( pa9t$ glass gave way to ! less beautiful & less appropriate ornam5ts1 suppli$ by ! fancy ( ! plumb]s4#fa ,! n>r[ passage =m$ 9 ! ?ickness ( ! wall1 ) its small ar*es v>i\sly decorat$1 surr\nds ! :ole build+2 *oir1 nave1 & transepts4 ,9 ! ar*itectural arrangem5t ( ?is portion ( ! edifice1 :]e e l>ge ar* ( ! w9d[s is flank$ by two less] ones ( ! tri=ium1 ! *ur* ( ! ,tr9ity agrees ) ! ca!dral at ,ox=d1 z figur$ 9 ,mr4 ,c>t]'s "w on anci5t ar*itecture#fb & !re treat$ z a g5u9e ,saxon build+1 erect$ by ,k+ ,e!lr$1 aft] ! de/ruction ( ! mona/]y by ! ,danes 9 #ajjd4 ,b ! capitals ( ! columns 9 ! two *ur*es be> only a slight resemblance to ea* o!r4 ,^? at ,ox=d#fc are among ! mo/ beautiful left u by e>ly ar*itects1 consi/+ *iefly ( foliage2 &1 9 "o in/ance1 ( a v elegant imitation ( a coronet4 ,9 ! abbatial *ur* at ,ca51 !y display ! same mixture ( ,grecian & b>b>\s ta/e1 ! same beauties1 ! same mon/rosities1 & ! same app>5t aim at fabul\s or emblematic hi/ory1 z has be5 previ\sly rem>k$ at ,/4 ,georges4 ,on ! angles ( "o1 :i* conta9s f\r /orks1 arrang$ 9 pairs1 w be f\nd an obvi\s repres5tation ( ! h]aldic fleur-de-lys4 ,9 t1 figur$ bel[ x on ! plate1 is a head plac$ ov] two lions1 commonly believ$ to be int5d$ = a portrait ( ! ,conqu]or4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bh4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,tr9ity ,,at ,,ca54 ,ar*es "u ! c5tral ,t[] look+ f ! ,s\? ,transept4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bi4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,tr9ity ,,at ,,ca54 ,ea/ side ( ! ,s\? ,transept4 ,! tw5ty-eigh? & tw5ty-n9? plates are devot$ to ! transepts3 ! fir/ ( !m exhibits two ( ! ar*es :i* support ! c5tral t[]4 ,f9] specim5s ( ! k9d are sc>cely to be se5 9 ,norm&y2 & ! decoration ( !m is v peculi>1 consi/+ altoge!r ( num]\s b&s ( quatrefoils 9 bas-relief4 ,! sculpture ( ! capitals is likewise rem>kable3 t ( "o ( !m repres5ts entire rams2 :ile ! opposite "o has only ! heads ( ! same animal at its angles1 accompani$ ) an ornam5t1 :i* ! writ] ( ?is article does n rememb] to h met ) else:]e4 ,! ar* t sep>ates ! t[] f ! nave1#fd rises high] ?an any ( ! re/1 & is obtusely po9t$2 b its decorations correspond ) ^? ( ! o!rs1 & x appe>s to be ( ! same date4#fe ,= ! purpose ( m effectually m>k+ ! connection ( ! tw5ty-eigh? plate ) ! prec$+1 x may be well to obs]ve1 t ! /r+-c\rse1 se5 9 ! =m] ?r\gh ! fir/ ar* & adjo9+ ! base ( ! truncat$ column1 is ! same :i*1 9 plate tw5ty-sev51 =ms ! base-l9e ( ! w9d[s4 ,! same /r+-c\rse 9 ! *oir runs imm$iately bel[ ! gall]y2 b 9 ! transepts1 ?is gall]y is ^u a diff]5t l9e1 be+ elevat$ by ! int]position ( a v beautiful range ( small blank ar*es1 betwe5 ! l>g] ar*es bel[ & ! w9d[s ( ! cl]e/ory2 & ^! latt]1 9 conjunction ) ! small ar*es1 only occupy ! same space z ! w9d[s ( ! *oir4 ,! s\!rn transept has be5 "h select$ = publication1 z be+ ! mo/ p]fect4 ,_h ! opposite "o be5 equally s1 x w\ld h be5 pref]able1 f ! curi\s "* ( its capitals1 _m ( :i* are tak5 f scripture-hi/ory4 ,b ^! are1 un=tunately1 mu* mutilat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cj4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,tr9ity ,,at ,,ca54 ,int]ior ( ! ,nave look+ we/4 ,9 ! ?irtie? plate is giv5 a g5]al view ( ! upp] half ( ! int]ior ( ! nave1 %ew+ ! we/]n extremity1 ) ! ?ree comp>tm5ts ne>e/ to x on ei!r side2 & "h1 z 9 ! two prec$+ plates1 x is impossible n to regret ! exi/5ce ( ! floor1 :i*1 by divid+ ! *ur* into diff]5t /ories1 greatly injures ! effect ( ! :ole4 ,nei!r 9 ?is nor 9 any o!r "p ( ! build+1 are !re side-*apels or aisles4 ,! ar*itecture ( ! nave1 9 its g5]al arrangem5t1 resembles t ( ! transepts2 except z to ! ar*es ( ! second r[1 :i* are peculi>4 ,^u an att5tive exam9ation too1 x w be f\nd t1 not)/&+ ! app>5t uni=mity1 no two comp>tm5ts are precisely alike1 :ile ! capitals are inf9itely v>i$4 ,?is playfulness ( ornam5t is rem>kable 9 a build+1 ^: ar*itect appe>s1 at fir/ view1 to h contemplat$ only gr&eur & solidity4 ,at ! f>!r end ( ! nave1 are se5 ! five w9d[s ( ! pr9cipal front1 toge!r ) a portion ( ! great ar* ( entrance4 ,! rema9+ "p ( ?is ar*1 z well z ( ! o!rs ( ! l[] ti]1 ) ! pill>s t support !m1 are conceal$ by ! floor4 ,! gall]y1 x w be rem>k$1 s9ks at ! we/]n end1 z 9 ! *oir1 & is connect$ ) ! sides by a /aircase4 ,! ro( is only ( la? & pla/]1 pa9t$ 9 imitation ( masonry4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ca4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,tr9ity ,,at ,,ca54 ,s\? side ( ! ,nave1 ext]ior4 ,! ?irty-fir/ plate exhibits ?ree ( ! eight comp>tm5ts ( ! cl]e/ory1 on ! s\? side ( ! nave1 z se5 ext]nally4 ,! cloi/]s & conv5tual build+s hide ! :ole ( ! opposite side ( ! *ur*2 &1 p]fect z is ! "p "h repres5t$1 !re is no?+ to be se5 bel[2 = a range ( "w-%ops & ( %$s has ob/ruct$ ! view ( ! ext]ior1 z effectually z ! floor has ( ! correspond+ portion )94 ,! corbel-table1 ) its mon/]s ( all descriptions1 af=ds a curi\s specim5 ( ! sculpture ( ! age4 ,! /r+-c\rse above x is ri* & beautiful4 ,! same is also ! case ) ! decorations ( ! w9d[s1 z well z ( ! blank ar*es ) :i* !y are flank$1 :ile ! int]v5+ flat buttresses1 edg$ by sl5d] cyl9drical pila/]s1 likewise indicate a degree ( c>e & ( ta/e :i* is v pleas+1 & :i* is ! m rem>kable1 :5 consid]$ 9 union ) ! ar*itecture ( ! ext]ior ( ! contempor>y abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cb4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,tr9ity ,,at ,,ca54 ,crypt4 ,! crypt 7plate ?irty-two7 occupies ! space "u ! *oir4 ,! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 :o t]ms x une jolie *apelle1 says t1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 x 0 d5om9at$ ! subt]ranean *apel ( ,/4 ,ni*olas2 b previ\sly to ! revolution1 _h assum$ ! "n ( ! *apel ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,x 0 orig9ally ent]$ by two n>r[ /aircases f ! transepts4 ,its l5g? f ea/ to we/ is ab\t ?irty feet3 its wid?1 ab\t tw5ty-sev54 ,! simple vault$ ro( is support$ by ?irty-two sl5d] columns1 sixte5 ( !m half imb$d$ 9 ! wall1 & ris+ f a /one b5*1 ) :i* ?is crypt is surr\nd$1 9 ! same mann] z t ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,g]vais1 at ,r\54 ,?is *apel 01 till lately1 pav$ ) highly-poli%$ vitrifi$ bricks1 ea* ab\t two in*es squ>e1 div]sifi$ ) v vivid colors1 b ( a description altoge!r unlike ^? 9 ! ,conqu]or's palace4 ,x is light$ by n>r[ w9d[s1 :i* wid5 consid]ably inw>ds1 ! wall be+ "h ( great ?ickness2 &1 accord+ to all probability1 !re 7 orig9ally elev5 ( !m1 ?\gh ! great] "p are n[ clos$4 ,"o ( !m 0 lately fill$ ) bones1 & brick$ up4 ,^u ! place x occupi$ is to be se5 ! foll[+ inscription1 plac$ betwe5 a c\ple ( vases ( antique =m3--,ossem5s tr\vs dans l'anci5 *apitre des dames de la ,tr9it1 et dposs dans ce lieu le ,,iv4 ,m>s1 ,,mdcccxviii4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cc4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,tr9ity ,,at ,,ca54 ,capitals 9 ! ,*oir4 ,9 ! same ye>1 at ! "t :5 ^! draw+s 7 made1 no tombs :atev] exi/$ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,!re _h =m]ly be5 _m "h2 b ! revolution _h swept !m all away4#ff ,among ! re/ 7 ^? ( ! royal f\ndress1 ( h] daught] ,ccilia1 ! fir/ abbess1 & ( two o!r daught]s ( ,engli% k+s1 :o likewise wore ! ducal coronet ( ,norm&y4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ ( all 0 t ( ,matilda3 accord+ to ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 x 0 ( exquisite workman%ip1 & ri*ly ornam5t$ ) gold & preci\s /ones4 ,b ! ,calv9i/s demoli%$ x 9 #aefb2 &1 n cont5t ) plund]+ ! monum5t ( all t 0 valuable1 tore op5 ! ,que5's c(f91 & disp]s$ h] rema9s4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! same c5tury1 ,anne de ,montmor5ci1 !n abbess1 caus$ ! royal bones to be collect$1 & aga9 to be deposit$ 9 ! orig9al /one c(f92 & ?+s cont9u$ 9 ?is /ate till ! ye> #agjh1 :5 ! abbess1 ,gabrielle ,franoise ,fronlay de ,tess1 rais$ a second alt>-tomb ( black m>ble1 a repres5tation ( :i* has be5 pres]v$ by ,duc>el4 ,9 addition to ?is1 %e inclos$ ! bones ( ! pr9cess = great] security 9 a lead5 box1 :i* %e laid 9 ! c(f92 & ^! happily escap$ violation 9 #agic1 :5 ! revolutioni/s de/roy$ ! monum5t1 because ! arms ( ,norm&y1 ) :i* x 0 ornam5t$1 s9n$ aga9/ ! doctr9es ( ! lib]ty & equality ( man4 ,france be+ once m settl$ "u a mon>*ical =m ( gov]nm5t1 a fre% se>* 0 in/itut$ 9 ,m>*1 #ahai1 by ! prefect ( ! dep>tm5t1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! bi%op ( ! diocese & ,mr4 ,sp5c] ,smy!1 = ! discov]y ( ,matilda's rema9s2 & !y 7 f\nd & v]ifi$1 & re-int]r$ 9 _! orig9al situation4--,ano!r tomb1 simil> to t :i* 0 de/roy$ at ! revolution1 is also rais$ ov] !m4 ,! engrav$ /one 9 plate tw5ty-six1 m>ks ! place :i* x occupies4 ,^u x is laid ! orig9al slab ) ! epitaph1 :i*1 by great good =tune1 escap$ unhurt f ! h&s bo? ( democrats & ,hugu5ots2 &1 z _m ( ! subscrib]s to ?is "w h express$ a desire t a fac-simile ( x %\ld be ins]t$1 z illu/rative ( ! =m ( ! lett]s1 z well z ( ! mann] ( writ+ 9 use at t p]iod1 ,mr4 ,cotman has _h a pleasure 9 meet+ _! wi%es1 at ! same "t1 t he has n consid]$ x z suffici5tly belong+ to ! publication1 to ju/ify him 9 mak+ x an object ( *>ge4 ,! inscription1 divid$ into l9es1 & writt5 9 mod]n *>act]s1 is z foll[s3-- ,egregie pul*ri tegit hec /ructura sepulcri ,moribus insigne g]m5 regale ,matildem ,dux ,fl&rita pat] huic extitit ,adala mat] ,francor g5tis ,rotb]ti filia regis ,et soror ,h5rici regali s$e potiti ,regi magnifico ,wlllelmo juncta m>ito ,pres5tem s$em pres5te fecit et edem ,tam multis t]ris quam multis rebus hone/is ,a se ditatam se procurante dicatam ,hec consolatrix inopum pietatis amatrix ,gazis disp]sis paup] sibi dives eg5is ,sic inf9ite petiit consortia vite ,9 prima m5sis po/ primam luce ,novembris4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cc994 ,a fac simile ( ! inscription ^u ! tomb ( ,que5 ,matilda 9 ! ,abbey ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity at ,ca54 ,,notes3 #ea ,! w ( ! ,que5 has be5 pr9t$ by ! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 7,essais ,hi/oriques ,,ii4 p4 #dcg7 f a manuscript 9 ! royal libr>y at ,p>is2 b ! writ] ( ! pres5t article is n aw>e t x has ev] yet appe>$ 9 any ,engli% publication2 & he !re=e consid]s x desirable "h to repr9t x1 = ! antiqu>ies ( 8 own c\ntry4--,ego ,ma?ildis ,reg9a d ,sanct ,tr9itati ,cadomi casulam quam apud ,w9toniam ,w9*e/] op]atur uxor ,ald]eti1 et clamidem op]atam ex auro qu e/ 9 cam]a mea ad cappam faci5dam1 atque de duabus ligaturis meis aureis 9 quibus cruces sunt1 illam qu emblematibus e/ insculpta1 ad lampadem susp5d5dam coram ,sancto alt>e1 c&elabraque maxima qu fabricantur apud ,sanctum ,laudum1 coronam quoque et sceptrum1 calicesque ac ve/im5tum1 atque aliud ve/im5tum quod op]atur 9 ,anglia1 et cum omnibus ornam5tis equi1 atque omnia vasa mea1 exceptis illis qu antea d$]o alicubi 9 vita mea2 et ,*etehulmum ,queteh\ en ,cot5t9 9 ,normannia1 et duas mansiones 9 ,anglia d ,sanct ,tr9itati ,cadomi4 ,hc omnia concessu dom9i mei ,regis facio4 ,ex c>tul>io ,sanct ,tr94 ,bibl4 ,reg4 ,p>is4 no4 #efej4 #eb ,! annual income aris+ f ^!1 is /at$ by ,odon ,rigaud1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 9 ! procs-v]bal ( 8 visit to ?is abbey 9 #abej1 to h am\nt$ to "o hundr$ & sixty p\nds /]l+2 a sum ne>ly equival5t to eighty ?\s& livres ( ! pres5t day4 #ec ,anglo-,norman ,antiquities1 p4 #ge1 t4 #g4--;,9 ?is figure1 :i* repres5ts ! s\? side ( ! build+1 a /rik+ resemblance w be obs]v$ ) ! ar*itecture ( ! *ur* ( ,?an1 figur$ 9 ?is "w1 pl4 #af4--;,duc>el1 9 speak+ ( ! pill>s 9 ! inside ( ! *apel1 says !y are ( a peculi> con/ruction1 & widely diff]5t f all o!rs t h fall5 "u 8 consid]ation2 b he has un=tunately furni%$ no engrav+ ( !m1 & has ev5 omitt$ to m5tion :]e9 _! peculi>ity lay4 #ed ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #ahd4 #ee ,/ill less c any "o be s by ! alt]ation ( ! ar*es ( entrance into mod]n w9d[s1 :i* ,mr4 ,turn] did n ?9k x wor? :ile to m5tion4 #ef ,anglo-,norman ,antiquities1 plate #e4 #eg ,see ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #aga4 #eh ,see ,britton's ,norwi* ,ca!dral1 plate #d1 ,f4 p4 #cb4 #ei ,hadisco *ur*1 figur$ 9 ,cotman's ,ar*itectural ,antiquities ( ,norfolk1 plate #ch1 af=ds an excell5t specim5 ( ^! w9d[s4 #fj ,see plate #bc4 #fa ,see ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #beb1 "u ! head ( ,bayeux ,ca!dral1 ! w9d[s ( :i* are rem>kable = ! complicat$ patt]ns ( ! lead-"w4--,see also ,c>t]'s ,anci5t ,ar*itecture1 ,i4 plate #gi1 p4 #ed1 :]e ?is labori\s au?or /ates himself to h collect$ ne>ly all ! rema9s ( ?is description ( art 9 ,engl&4 ,he is incl9$ to ref] x to ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4--,9 ! second volume ( ! same "w1 plate #bg1 fig4 ,f4 #b1 is repres5t$ "o ( ! bord]s ( ! we/ w9d[ ( ! nave 9 ,york ,ca!dral1 :i* almo/ exactly resembles "o ( ^! at ,ca54 #fb ,i4 plate #bh1 fig4 ,a4 #fc ,see ,britton's ,ox=d ,ca!dral1 plate #d4 #fd ,9 ,mr4 ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #ahf1 ?is ar* is1 by a lapsus calami1 call$ ! ea/]n1 in/ead ( ! we/]n4 #fe ,mr4 ,cotman ?\ght t he c\ld discov] visible traces ( its hav+ be5 orig9ally semi-circul>1 & subsequ5tly rais$ & po9t$3 & x is c]ta9ly mo/ probable t su* has be5 ! case4 #ff ,draw+s ( !m all are =tunately pres]v$ by ! ,abb ,de la ,rue2 & x is hop$ "s ,fr5* antiqu>y w be f\nd suffici5tly patriotic to cause !m to be engrav$4 ,,plates ,,xxxiv4--,,xxxvi4 ,,ca/le ,,& ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,james1 ,,at ,,dieppe4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cd4 ,,ca/le ,,at ,,dieppe4 ,! anonym\s au?or ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,dieppe1#fg publi%$ t[>ds ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 traces ! orig9 ( ! t[n z high z ! ye> #hji1 :5 ,*>lemagne visit$ ?is "p ( ! coa/ ( 8 empire1 &1 obs]v+ h[ mu* x 0 expos$ to ho/ile attacks1 ord]$ ! con/ruction ( a =t ^u ! bea*4 ,! =t 0 honor$ ) ! "n ( ! emp]or's daught]1 ,b]?a2 & z ! protection ?us af=d$1 jo9$ to ! advantage\s nature ( ! position1 caus$ ! =tress1 )9 a %ort "t1 to be surr\nd$ by ! cottages ( ! neighbor+ fi%]m51 an e/abli%m5t ins5sibly grew up1 :i* acquir$ ! appellation ( ,b]!ville4 ,b ! irruptions ( ! ,normans1 t[>ds ! close ( ! same1 or ! comm5cem5t ( ! succe$+1 c5tury1 gave a new color to affairs 9 ,neu/ria3 places *ang$ _! names ) _! ma/]s2 &1 no respect be+ paid to ! emp]or or 8 desc5dants1 ,b]!ville ceas$ to be kn[n "u any o!r d5om9ation ?an t ( ,dyppe1 a ,norman ^w1 expressive ( ! dep? ( wat] 9 its h>bor4 ,"u ,rollo1 we are told t ,dieppe became ! pr9cipal port 9 ! du*y4 ,t politic sov]eign 0 too well v]s$ 9 nautical affairs1 n to be aw>e ( ! importance ( su* a /ation2 & he _h ! int]e/ ( 8 newly-acquir$ t]ritory too mu* at he>t1 n to labor at ! improv+ ( x4 ,x 0 at ,dieppe t he emb>k$ ! troops1 :i* he dispat*$1 9 #iac1 = ! assi/ance ( 8 c\ntrym51 ! ,danes1 9 _! attempts to conqu] ,engl&2 & ! t[n fl\ri%$ "u 8 sway1 & !n laid ! f\ndation = t m>itime greatness to :i* x has subsequ5tly ris54 ,f ?is "t =w>d1 ,dieppe is frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 hi/ory3 ,william ! ,conqu]or honor$ x ) 8 pres5ce 9 #ajdg1 & receiv$ 9 p]son ! homage ( its inhabitants1 on 8 return f ,arques1 :5 ! surr5d] ( t important =tress by 8 uncle1 ,telo1 put an end to ! tr\bles occasion$ by ! illegitimacy ( 8 bir?4 ,! same mon>*1 dur+ ! prep>ations = 8 desc5t ^u ,brita91 made a p>ticul> call on ! p ( ,dieppe1 to arm _! vessels = ! transport ( 8 troops4 ,!y obey$ ! summons2 & !y boa/ t _! %ips 7 ! fir/ t arriv$ at ! place ( r5dezv\s4 ,no port 9 ,norm&y d]iv$ equal advantage f ! conque/3 ! int]c\rse betwe5 ! si/] c\ntries 0 naturally conduct$ ?r\gh ?is *annel2 & su* cont9u$ ! case till #aaid1 :5 ,ri*>d ,coeur-de-,lion1 defeat$ "u ! walls ( ,arques1 0 compell$ to leave ?is "p ( ! prov9ce a prey to ! victori\s arms ( ,philip-,augu/us4 ,^u ?is occasion1 ! ,fr5* mon>* appe>s to h s+l$ out ,dieppe z an object ( p>ticul> v5geance1 & he conduct$ himself t[>ds x ) a cruelty = :i* x w\ld be difficult to assign an adequate reason4 ,n cont5t ) burn+ ! t[n & its %ipp+1 he transport$ ! inhabitants into ! ult]ior p>ts ( ,france1 t !y might nev] re-assemble & raise x f its a%es4 ,brito1 at ! same "t t he glosses ov] ! m flagrant "p ( ! transaction1 tells en\gh to leave no d\bt ( its tru?2 & 8 passage ^u ! subject des]ves att5tion1 p>ticul>ly z be+ decisive ) reg>d to ! /ate ( ,dieppe at t p]iod3 ,haud procul h9c portus fam celeb]rimus atque ,villa pot5s opibus florebat nom9e ,depp54 ,hanc primm ,franci sub eodem tempore gazis ,omnibus expoliant1 spoliatam d5ique totam ,9 c9]em r$igunt2 et sic ditatus abivit ,coetus ovans1 qud tot vill non esse vel urbe ,divitias aut tam pretiosas dic]et unquam4-- ,9 ! c\rse ( ! succe$+ ye>1 ! treaty ( ,gaillon re/or$ ,dieppe & ,arques1 ) _! dep5d5cies1 to ,ri*>d1 :o almo/ imm$iately aft]w>ds surr5d]$ ! =m] t[n to ,walt]1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 z "o ( ! articles ( comp5sation = ! injury done to t prelate1 by ! erection ( ,*teau ,gaill>d ^u 8 t]ritory4 ,dieppe appe>s to h recov]$ itself ) surpris+ rapidity3 a new *ur*1 "u ! invocation ( ,/4 ,james1 0 erect$ 9 #abej1 t ( ,/4 ,remi be+ no long] suffici5t = ! accommodation ( its inhabitants2 & ^!1 h[ev] cruelly !y _h be5 injur$ by ,philip-,augu/us1 7 among ! =emo/ 9 _! demon/rations ( loyalty to him z _! sov]eign1 :5 ! cold-blood$ tyranny ( ,john _h b]eft him ( ! ,norman diadem4 ,9 "o ( ! fir/ ye>s ( ! succe$+ c5tury1 ,john ,baliol1 m prop]ly call$ ,de ,bailleul1 a fugitive f ,scotl&1 s\ght refuge 9 ,dieppe1 & f9ally retir$ to 8 pat]nal doma9 9 ! valley ( ! ,yaulne1 five leagues di/ant f ! port4 ,! rema9d] ( 8 days 7 sp5t "h 9 ! village t be>s 8 "n2 & ! p>o*ial *ur*1 :i* /ill conta9s 8 a%es1 01 till lately1 ornam5t$ ) 8 tomb1 *>g$ ) an inscription1 recit+ ! v>i\s ev5ts ( 8 life4 ,dur+ ! w>s ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 ! %ips f ,dieppe took ! lead 9 ! great naval engagem5t 9 #accg2 & _! admiral1 ,bhu*et1 s di/+ui%$ himself1 z to draw d[n ^u him ! m>k$ res5tm5t ( t pr9ce4 ,he 0 himself made prison] & hang$2 & a deta*m5t ( ,engli% & ,flem+s 0 dispat*$ to de/roy ! h>bor4 ,! injuries1 h[ev]1 n[ su/a9$1 7 repair$ ) ! same rapidity z be=e3 ,philip %ew$ himself no less ready to rew>d s]vices1 ?an 8 oppon5t _h be5 to res5t (f5ces4 ,8 lett]s pat5t1 be>+ date 9 ,febru>y1 #acde1 exempt$ ! inhabitants f ! paym5t ( all taxes & dues1 = ! purpose ( enabl+ !m to rebuild _! walls4--,dieppe1 9 #adab1 0 aga9 attack$ by ! ,engli%1 &1 on ?is occasion1 bo? by l& & sea2 b ! inhabitants made a gallant & an effectual resi/ance4 ,_! opposition1 ?\gh unavail+1 0 n at all less spirit$ 9 ! foll[+ reign1 :5 !y 7 compell$1 9 common ) ! re/ ( ,france1 to ackn[l$ge ! p[] ( ! fif? ,h5ry4 ,b !y aga9 dis5gag$ !mselves f ! ,engli% cr[n 9 #adca1 aft] hav+ rema9$ 9 subjugation to x = elev5 ye>s2 & ! subsequ5t siege1 conduct$ by ,talbot himself 9 p]son1 9 #addb1 only add$ to _! milit>y "*4 ,dur+ ?is siege1 :i* 0 ( great l5g?1 ! ,engli% g5]al erect$ ! =midable =tress1 kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,ba/ille1 9 ! suburb ( ,pollet4 ,! foll[+ ye> saw ! ,fr5* become 9 _! turn ! assailants3 ,l\is ,,ii4 !n dauph91 jo9$ ! troops ( ! ,comte de ,dunois 9 ,dieppe1 & ! ,ba/ille fell1 aft] a mo/ murd]\s attack4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds levell$ ) ! gr\nd 9 #afhi1 ?\gh1 at a p]iod ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s aft] x 0 orig9ally tak5 & dismantl$1 x _h aga9 be5 made a place ( /r5g? by ! ,hugu5ots1 & 0 /ill f>!r =tifi$ "u ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,! pi\s dauph91 :o ascrib$ ! capture ( ?is almo/ impregnable ca/le to ! especial grace ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 w\ld n quit ,dieppe )\t leav+ beh9d him an equally signal m>k ( gratitude on 8 "p4 ,he accord+ly repair$ 9 p]son to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,james1 !re to place ! t[n "u h] especial protection2 &1 n cont5t ) ?is1 he in/itut$ ! ,guild ( ! ,assumption1 *>g+ ! memb]s annually to commemorate ! day ( _! deliv]ance by a solemn fe/ival4#fh ,aft] ?is "t1 ,dieppe appe>s to h be5 expos$ to no f>!r calamities f w>f>e1 except :at x suff]$1 9 common ) a great "p ( ,france1 dur+ ! religi\s tr\bles1 & also except+ ! bomb>dm5t by ! ,engli% fleet 9 #afid4 ,f ! e>lie/ rise ( ,calv9ism 9 ,france1 ! inhabitants ( ,dieppe _h di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 favor ( ! re=mation2 & !y 7 already prep>$ to g to ! utmo/ l5g?s 9 its support1 :5 ,john ,knox1 "o ( ! mo/ devot$ apo/les ( ! new fai?1 l&$ !re 9 #aefj1 on 8 way f ,scotl& to ,g5eva4 ,! pres5ce ( su* a man produc$ ! effect :i* might naturally be expect$1 ( k9dl+ ! sp>k into a flame2 & ,dieppe cont9u$ = two ye>s 9 op5 rebellion to ! c\rt4 ,! inhabitants1 9 #aefb1 al>m$ by ! capture ( ,r\51 cons5t$ to receive a g>rison f our ,que5 ,elizabe?1 r ?an submit to r5\nce _! cre$2 b !y 7 oblig$1 9 ! c\rse ( ! same ye>1 to surr5d] to ! royal troops4 ,not)/&+ all ?is1 ! ,prote/ants ( ,dieppe1 ?r\gh ! wisdom & mod]ation ( ! gov]nor1 escap$ unhurt f ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew4 ,! t[n 0 nev]!less "o ( ! fir/ 9 ,france to decl>e1 9 #aehi1 = ,h5ry ,,iv4 :51 pursu$ by ! victori\s =ces ( ! league1 he s\ght %elt] 9 ^! walls1 & "h collect$ ! h&ful ( troops1 ) :i* he almo/ imm$iately aft]w>ds ga9$ ! important victory ( ,arques4 ,! same pr9ce also retir$ hi!r ?ree ye>s subsequ5tly1 & rema9$ t5 days 9 ! mid/ ( ses bons ,dieppois1 z he 0 9 ! habit ( /yl+ !m1 to be cur$ ( ! w\nds receiv$ 9 ! battle ( ,aumale4 ,among ! v>i\s royal p]sonages1 ) ^: pres5ce ,dieppe has be5 honor$ on diff]5t occasions1 7 ,m>y ( ,guise1 wid[ ( ,james ,v4 ( ,scotl&1 & "m to ! un=tunate pr9cess ( ! same "n1 :o succe$$ h] on ! ,scotti% ?rone4 ,%e l&$ "h 9 #aedi1 & 0 imm$iately jo9$ by ,h5ry ,,ii4 :o 0 at t "t at ,r\54 ,9 #aefd1 ,ca!r9e ( ,mdicis came hi!r1 att5d$ by h] son1 ,*>les ,,ix4 ) a view ( heal+ ! w\nds occasion$ by ! religi\s diss5tions2 &1 9 #afah1 ,l\is ,,xiii4 aft] hold+ an assembly ( ! /ates ( ,norm&y at ! capital ( ! du*y1 repair$ to ,dieppe1 to visit "o ( ! mo/ important sea-ports ( 8 k+dom4 ,! same att5tion 0 %ewn to ! t[n tw5ty-n9e ye>s subsequ5tly1 by ,l\is ,,xiv4 !n 9 8 m9ority1 accompani$ by ! ,que5 ,reg5t2 &1 9 our own days1 x has be5 equally di/+ui%$ by ,napolon4 ,9 ?is %ort outl9e ( ! pr9cipal ev5ts connect$ ) ! hi/ory ( ,dieppe1 no notice has be5 tak5 ( ! honor acquir$ by its sailors1 :o h1 h[ev]1 on all occasions1 di/+ui%$ !mselves4 ,!y did s p>ticul>ly 9 ! ye> #aeee1 :51 unassi/$ by _! k+1 or by any o!r "p ( ,france1 !y arm$ _! m]*ant vessels1 & attack$ & defeat$1 & ne>ly de/roy$1 ! ,flemi% fleet1 consi/+ ( tw5ty-f\r sail ( %ips ( w>4 ,at all times !y h be5 consid]$ z supply+ "s ( ! be/ m5 to ! ,fr5* navy1 s t ! ,presid5t de ,?\ pron\nc$ !m to be entitl$ to ! highe/ glory 9 nautical affairs4 ,!y lay claim to ! honor ( hav+ fir/ plant$ ! /&>d ( ,*ri/ianity ^u ! coa/ ( ,gu9ea1 :]e !y e/abli%$ a settlem5t 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury2 ( hav+ be5 ! fir/ :o discov]$ ! great riv] ( ! ,amazons2 & also ! fir/ :o sail$ up t ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,ev5 to ! pres5t day1 !y c>ry on a consid]able traffic 9 small ornam5ts made ( ivory1 a humiliat+ mem5to ( _! connection ) ,s5egal3 b all ! re/ ( _! comm]ce is dw9dl$ into ! fi%]y1 & a small portion ( coa/+-trade4 ,! ca/le1 7! subject ( plate ?irty-f\r17 /&s ^u a /eep hill2 &1 on approa*+ ! t[n f ! sea1 has a gr& & impos+ appe>ance4 ,its walls1 flank$ ) t[]s & ba/ions1 cause x to reta9 ! look ( /r5g?1 ! reality ( :i* has long s9ce dep>t$4 ,! e>lie/ portion ( ! build+ is probably a high quadrangul> t[]1 ) l(ty po9t$ pannels1 9 ! f\r walls4 ,ev5 ?is1 h[ev]1 _c h be5 erect$ ant]ior to ! ye> #addc2 = x is ^u record t ! ,sieur des ,m>ts1 ! fir/ gov]nor ( ! place1 !n began to build a ca/le "h1 to protect ! t[n f any f>!r attacks on ! "p ( ! ,engli% army4 ,! inhabitants1 dur+ ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 obta9$ p]mission to add to x a citadel2 b ! :ole 0 suff]$ almo/ imm$iately aft]w>ds to fell into decay4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ce4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,jacques1 ,,at ,,dieppe4 ,we/ front4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cf4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,jacques1 ,,at ,,dieppe4 ,ea/ end4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,jacques1 figur$ 9 ! ?irty-fif? & ?irty-six? plates1 is ! l>ge/1 & consid]ably ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! two p>o*ial *ur*es ( ! place4 ,x _h ! s+ul> good =tune ( escap+1 toge!r ) ! ca/le1 ne>ly un9jur$ f ! bomb>dm5t1 dur+ ! reign ( our ?ird ,william1 :i* laid ! t[n 9 a%es4 ,x 0 begun ab\t ! ye> #abfj1 b 0 little advanc$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! foll[+ c5tury2 nor 7 its n9ete5 *apels1 ! works ( ! piety ( individuals1 complet$ be=e #acej4 ,! ro( ( ! *oir rema9$ imp]fect till n9ety ye>s aft]w>ds2 :ile t ( ! transept is z rec5t z #afbh4 ,?us x is a valuable specim5 ( ! ecclesia/ical ar*itecture ( successive ages4 ,9 ! l9es ( ! transepts are traces ( ! e>ly po9t$ /yle1 app>5tly coeval ) ! *ur* at ,eu3 ! friezes are ornam5t$ ) small pi]c$ quatrefoils1 z 9 t build+2 & ! portals1 n[ mutilat$1 are 9 ! same /yle4--,! nave is ( mu* lat] date2 & ! vault+1 ?\gh ,go?ic1 is int]mix$ ) ,grecian memb]s & scrolls4--,! tri=ium 9 ! *oir is fill$ ) elegant p]p5dicul> trac]y4 ,! ,lady-,*apel is p]haps "o ( ! la/ specim5s ( ,go?ic art1 b /ill v pure1 except 9 "s ( ! small] memb]s1 su* z ! ni*es 9 ! tab]nacles1 :i* end 9 scallop-%ells1 in/ead ( t]m9at+ ) a gro9$ canopy4 ,! bosses ( ! gro9$ ro( are ( ! mo/ delicate filagree "w1 & ! vault+ is also ornam5t$ ) knots p5dant f ! ribs4--,! pannel-"w r\nd ! *apel takes circul> t]m9ations 9 ea* pannel2 b fill$ )9 ) an elegant trac]y1 t]m9at+ ) ! acan?us4--,! w9d[s ( ! *apel are acutely po9t$4--,! horizontal mullions1 7an unusual feature 9 ,fr5* ar*itecture17 are ornam5t$ on ! outside ) ! ovolo4 ,! nave is support$ by fly+ buttresses1 ea* fill$ ) trac]y ( eight mullions4--,! t[] at ! s\? angle ( ! we/ front is l(ty1 & 9 ! p]p5dicul> /yle4 ,9 ! nor? aisle ( ! *oir is an elegant scre51 :i* probably incloses a *antry-*apel1 &1 l ! lady-*apel1 exhibits a s+ul> mixture ( po9t$ =ms1 int]sp]s$ ) ,roman memb]s3 p>ts ( x resemble ! tomb ( ,bi%op ,fox1 at ,w9*e/]4 ,,notes3 #fg ,mmoires ,*ronologiques p\r s]vir l',hi/oire de ,dieppe et celle de la ,navigation ,franaise1 ,p>is1 #aghe4--7b vols4 #hvo47 #fh ,?is fe/ival 0 att5d$ ) c]emonies ( ! mo/ absurd description1 :i* 7 cont9u$ till ! "t ( ! revolution4 ,!y are detail$ at l5g? 9 ! ,hi/oire de ,dieppe ,i4 p4 #fh2 & a brief acc\nt has lately be5 giv5 ( !m 9 ,engli%1 9 ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #bd4 ,,plate ,,xxxvii4 ,,t[] ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,at ,,haute ,,allemagne1 ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,! village ( ,haute ,allemagne is situat$ at ! di/ance ( ab\t a league to ! s\? ( ,ca54 ,m5tion ( x is to be f\nd 9 ! lat9 *>t]s ( ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies1 "u ! appellation ( ,alamannia1 or ,alemannia2 & ! old] hi/orians cont5d t x d]iv$ ?is "n f hav+ be5 ! site ( a colony ( ! ,alani1 a ,scy?ian tribe1 :o ravag$ a portion ( ,gaul 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! fif? c5tury1 & aft]w>ds1 ) ! cons5t ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 e/abli%$ !mselves 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,?is op9ion1 9 ! judgm5t ( ! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 receives confirmation f ! circum/ance ( !re be+ ano!r village call$ ,allemagne1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,val5ce1 :]e x is kn[n t a body ( ! same p 0 fix$2 & x may p]haps be adduc$ z a /ill f>!r pro( ( its correctness1 t ! village ( ,allemagne1 ne> ,ca51 =m]ly embrac$ a consid]ably great] ext5t ( c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cg4 ,,t[] ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,haute ,,allemagne ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,allemagne 0 "o ( ! doma9s grant$ by ! ,conqu]or to 8 abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph52 & 9 ! *>t]1 he /ates t he c$es x ) its dep5d5cies4 ,! mean+ ( ?is latt] t]m is expla9$ 9 ! subsequ5t *>t] f 8 son ,h5ry1 9 :i* f\r neighbor+ villages are expressly said to be dep5d5t ^u ,allemagne4 ,allemagne 0 itself also divid$ into two p>i%es1 ! upp] & l[]4 ,at pres5t x is only rem>kable = its qu>ries1 f :i* ! /ones are dug1 kn[n 9 ,france by ! "n ( ,c>reaux d',allemagne1 & commonly us$ = floors to rooms1 n only 9 ! prov9ce ( ,norm&y1 b ?r\gh\t ! :ole k+dom4 ,!re is also a consid]able export ( !m = ! same purpose4 ,x 0 9 ^! qu>ries t ! fossil crocodile 0 discov]$ 9 #ahag2 :i*1 z be+ extraord9>ily p]fect1 & ! fir/ specim5 ev] f\nd ) scales1 has excit$ an uncommon degree ( int]e/ among naturali/s4 ,( ! hi/ory ( ! p>i% ( ,allemagne1 no?+ is kn[n4 ,! portion ( its *ur* "h figur$1 has be5 select$ = engrav+1 z an in/ance ( a ,norman t[] ( unque/ionable antiquity1 & 9 ! highe/ pres]vation4 ,! pyramidal /one ro(1 simil> to t ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,mi*el de ,vaucelles1 at ,ca51 appe>s to be q 9 its orig9al /ate4 ,ev5 ! small luc>ne w9d[ 9 x looks coeval ) ! re/4 ,! r[ ( int]sect+ ar*es bel[ is beautiful & peculi>4 ,,plates ,,xxxviii4--,,xli4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,hildeb]t1 ,,at ,,g\rnay4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ch4 ,,collegiate ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,hildeb]t ,,at ,,g\rnay4 ,we/ front4 ,! t[n ( ,g\rnay is g5]ally suppos$ to rival1 9 po9t ( antiquity1 almo/ any o!r 9 ?is "p ( ,france4 ,tradition ref]s its orig9 to ! days ( ,julius ,cs>1 dur+ ! latt] "p ( ^: gov]nm5t 9 ,gaul1 a dang]\s conspiracy broke out among ! ,bellovaci1 ! ,caletes1 & ! ,velliocasses1 assi/$ by ! inhabitants ( o!r neighbor+ di/ricts4 ,?is conf$]acy is suppos$ to h giv5 rise to ,g\rnay4 ,! situation ( ! t[n is ^u ! fronti]s ( ! t]ritories ( ! two fir/ tribes j m5tion$1 ! pres5t inhabitants ( ! ,pays de ,caux & ( ! ,beauvaisis1 9 a m>%y spot1 subject to frequ5t inundations f two small riv]s1 ! ,epte & ! ,/4 ,aub91 ^: wat]s fl[ b5ea? ! walls ( ! place4 ,h5ce1 an inf]5ce has naturally aris51 t ! necessity = communication betwe5 p s ne> 9 po9t ( position1 & yet s effectually sep>at$1 fir/ sugge/$ ! advantages to be d]iv$ f a bridge ov] ! ,epte1 9 a place o!rwise impassable2 & t ! bridge 0 %ortly aft]w>ds foll[$ by a cause-way1 :i*1 9 its turn1 held out inducem5ts to settl]s1 s t ! t[n imp]ceptibly grew out ( ! traffic ?us occasion$4 ,! hi/orical celebrity acquir$ by ,g\rnay1 f> exce$s :at might h be5 expect$ f its size or importance1 & has altoge!r aris5 f ! p[] & ! high milit>y "* ( its ,norman lords4 ,rollo1 at ! "t t he p>cell$ out ! l&s ( 8 newly-acquir$ sov]eignty1 among/ 8 companions 9 arms1 be/[$ ,g\rnay1 toge!r ) ! :ole ( ! ,norman division ( ! ,pays de ,brai1 ^u a *iefta9 ( ! "n ( ,eudes1 to be held z a fief ( ! du*y1 "u ! usual milit>y t5ure2 b9d+ him & 8 successors to furni% to ! pr9ce1 9 times ( w>1 twelve ( _! vassals1 & to arm all _! dep5d5ts = ! def5ce ( ! adjac5t fronti]4 ,eudes _h a son ( ! "n ( ,hugh2 & he x is :o is report$ to h fir/ direct$ 8 att5tion t[>ds mak+ ,g\rnay a place ( /r5g?4 ,! anci5t records ascribe to him ! erection ( a citadel 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,hildeb]t1 surr\nd$ ) a triple wall & d\ble fosse2 & f>!r secur$ by a t[]1 :i* 0 call$ aft] 8 "n1 la ,t\r ,hue1 & :i* cont9u$ 9 exi/5ce till ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,su* 0 ! report$ /r5g? ( ?is =tress1 t ,brito1 a *ronicl]1 b1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 a poetical "o1 decl>es t x 0 able to resi/ an ho/ile attack1 ev5 )\t a s+le soldi] )9 ! walls6 ,8 :ole acc\nt ( ! place1 9 ! "t ( ,philip-,augu/us1 & ( its capture by t mon>*1 9 ! six? book ( 8 ,philippiad1 is curi\s & int]e/+4 ,a second ,hugh de ,g\rnay1 born aft] a lapse ( ab\t a c5tury f ! dea? ( ! son ( ,eudes1 is usually acc\nt$ ! head ( ! family1 because x is f him t ! regul> s]ies ( _! desc5t is to be trac$4 ,he 0 a man ( ^: milit>y pr[ess _m in/ances are record$3 among 8 o!r exploits1 he is suppos$ to h be5 ! *iefta91 :o1 c>ry+ 8 arms into ! di/rict ( ,beauvais1 made himself ma/] ( ! f\r villages !re1 :i*1 f _! subjection to him1 h reta9$ ! "n ( ,les ,conquts & :i* cont9u$ = _m c5turies "u ! adm9i/ration ( ! lords ( ,g\rnay4 ,he also att5d$ ! ,conqu]or to ,engl&1 :]e he 0 rew>d$ = 8 s]vices by a grant ( l& :i* he held f t pr9ce 9 capite4 ,^u a =m] occasion1 he _h be5 employ$ by him 9 a place ( high tru/1 hav+ be5 appo9t$ to comm&1 9 conjunction ) ,taillef]1 half-bro!r to ! duke1 & ?ree o!r ,norman nobles1 ! fleet s5t to ! protection ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 aga9/ ! claims ( ,h>old4 ,8 "n is also f\nd 9 #ajei1 among ! lead]s ( ! ,norman army1 :i* defeat$ ! ,fr5* =ces at ,c\ppegueule1 ne> ,mortim]4 ,at la/1 disgu/$ ) e>?ly affairs1 he retir$ to ! abbey ( ,bec1 & !re1 9 ! mona/ic robe1 end$ a life :i* _h be5 devot$ to pursuits ( ! mo/ opposite t5d5cy4--,?is ,hugh de ,g\rnay _h a son ( ! "n ( ,girald1 :o m>ri$ ! si/] ( ,william1 ,e>l ,w>r51 & accompani$ ,rob]t1 ,duke ( ,norm&y1 to ! ,holy ,l&4--,! ?ird1 & la/ ,hugh de ,g\rnay1 gr&son ( ,girald1 0 9 ! numb] ( ^? :o foll[$ ,ri*>d ,coeur-de-,lion 9 a simil> exp$ition1 & 0 appo9t$ 8 commission] to receive ! ,engli% %>e ( ! spoil aft] ! battle ( ,acre4 ,he 0 also among ! b>ons :o rose aga9/ ,k+ ,john4 ,b 8 atta*m5t to ! ,engli% cause ultimately lo/ him 8 possessions 9 ,norm&y2 = no soon] 0 ,philip-,augu/us ma/] ( ,g\rnay1 ?an he decl>$ him a traitor1 & bani%$ him f ,france4 ,philip add$ to ! =tifications a new ca/le1 9 ! direction ( ,f]ri]es4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 has be5 long s9ce de/roy$2 & inde$ ! probability is1 t ! walls & t[]s ( ,g\rnay 7 neglect$ & suff]$ to fall into decay1 %ortly aft] ! annexation ( ! du*y to ,france4 ,!re c be little d\bt b t ! t[n orig9ally ow$ its importance1 z a =tress1 to its position ^u ! fronti]s ( ,france & ,norm&y2 & ! consequ5ce w\ld !re=e naturally foll[1 t1 z soon z ! ducal & regal cr[ns 7 unit$ on ! same head1 x w\ld cease to be ma9ta9$ z a place ( /r5g?4--,ab\t a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! capture ( ,g\rnay by ,philip-,augu/us1 ,philip ! ,bold1 great gr&son ( t mon>*1 be/[$ ! t[n & lord%ip ^u 8 y\nge/ son1 ,*>les ( ,valois1 at ^: dea? x became a "p ( ! d[] ( 8 wid[1 ,matilda ( ,*atillon4 ,aga91 9 l mann]1 on ! decease ( ,philip ( ,valois1 9 #acej1 ,g\rnay 0 sep>at$ f ! ,cr[n1 & assign$ to ! wid[$ que51 ,blan*e ( ,nav>re4 ,by ?is pr9cess x 0 held = =ty-eight ye>s1 :5 x once m rev]t$ to ! royal doma9s4 ,b e>ly 9 ! succe$+ c5tury1 ! t[n fell1 toge!r ) ! re/ ( ,france1 "u ! victori\s arms ( our sov]eign ,h5ry ,v4 & ^u 8 demise1 x 0 a ?ird "t select$ z a portion ( ! d[] ( ! royal wid[1 ,ca!r9e1 daught] ( ! ,fr5* mon>*1 ,*>les ,,vi4 ,h] dea?1 9 #adch1 re/or$ x to ,engl&3 b only to be held = ! %ort t]m ( elev5 ye>s1 at :i* "t1 ! rev]ses su/a9$ by ! ,briti% troops1 occasion$ ! expulsion ( our mon>*s f _! cont95tal dom9ions4--,f t p]iod to ! revolution1 ! lord%ip ( ,g\rnay1 ) ! title ( c\nt1 0 con/antly add$ by ! ,fr5* k+s to ! dignities ( "s "o ( ! pr9cipal families ( ! realm2 & 9 ?is mann]1 x successively pass$ ?r\gh diff]5t bran*es ( ! h\ses ( ,h>c\rt1 ,orlans1 ,longueville1 & ,montmor5ci4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ci4 ,,collegiate ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,hildeb]t ,,at ,,g\rnay4 ,view across ! ,nave into ! ,nor? transept4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,hildeb]t1#fi ! subject ( ^! plates1 01 previ\sly to ! revolution1 bo? p>o*ial & collegiate4 ,its f\ndation is suppos$ to be ( v high antiquity4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no pro( ( ! precise p]iod ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! *apt] "h4 ,! e>lie/ records ^u ! subject1 be> date 9 ! ye> #aahj1 & m]ely m5tion x z be+ !n 9 exi/5ce2 b1 accord+ to tradition1 x 0 fir/ fix$ at ! neighbor+ village ( ,brefm\ti]1 & 0 remov$ to ,g\rnay by ,hugh1 ! la/ ( ! ,norman c\nts4 ,! same ,hugh is g5]ally report$ to h comm5c$ ! erection ( ! pres5t *ur*2 b x is suffici5tly kn[n ) h[ little accuracy ! e>ly hi/orians are wont to express !mselves on ^! subjects4 ,! t]m1 to rebuild1 (t5 means no m ?an to repair2 s t x is 9 _m cases m safe to judge f ! /yle ( a build+ itself1 ?an f ! records pres]v$ to u respect+ x4 ,! ar*itecture ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,hildeb]t w\ld lead to ! supposition1 t a consid]able portion ( x 0 /&+ 9 its pres5t /ate1 at lea/ "o hundr$ ye>s ant]ior to ! "t ( ,hugh2 &1 ev5 admitt+ su* to h be5 ! case1 !re is /ill suffici5t discrepancy 9 ! re/ ( ! edifice to acc\nt = ! well atte/$ circum/ance1 t1 at ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! *ur* yet rema9$ incomplete4 ,! imp]fect /ate ( ! build+ did n prev5t its receiv+ ! honor ( a d$ication3 ?is c]emony 0 p]=m$ 9 "o ( ! la/ ye>s ( ! twelf? c5tury1 by ,walt]1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 9 p]son1 att5d$1 z commonly happ5$1 by a great conc\rse ( ! nobles & cl]gy ( ! prov9ce2 &1 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! foll[+ c5tury1 ,h]b]t1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 pass$ ov] f ,engl& = ! express purpose ( do+ honor by 8 pres5ce to ! translation ( ! reliques ( ,/4 ,hildeb]t4 ,! bani%m5t ( ,hugh de ,g\rnay & confiscation ( 8 prop]ty1 :i* took place %ortly aft] ^! ev5ts1 depriv$ ! canons ( _! lib]al & p[]ful b5efactor4 ,pov]ty caus$ ! progress ( ! build+ to be susp5d$2 & x 0 only by ! aid ( repeat$ indulg5ces1 grant$ by ! popes & ar*bi%ops1#gj t x 0 f9ally br\ght to a /ate ( completion4 ,! two we/]n t[]s are ( a consid]ably m rec5t p]iod3 !y 7 erect$ 9 _! pres5t /ate1 ( wood1 ro($ ) slate1 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! timb] 0 suppli$ by ! ,du*ess ( ,longueville1 ^: husb& 0 at t "t ,c\nt ( ,g\rnay2 & ! re/ ( ! *>ge 0 defray$ by ! sale ( ! mat]ials ( a ru9$ *apel1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,julian1 & ( a small c5tral t[]1 ! only "o orig9ally atta*$ to ! build+4 ,! *ur* is 9 ! =m ( a cross2 consi/+ ( a nave ) aisles1 *oir1 & transepts4 ,! we/ front 7plate ?irty-eight7 is 9 ! e>lie/ /yle ( po9t$ ar*itecture1 & evid5tly ( ! p]iod ( ! same ,hugh de ,g\rnay1 by :om ! :ole edifice is said to be rais$4 ,if comp>$ ) ! same portion ( ! *ur*es kn[n to h be5 erect$ at a simil> p]iod 9 ,engl&1 ! close/ resemblance w be trac$ betwe5 !m4 ,t ( ,salisbury ca!dral1 ! mo/ noble in/ance ( ! k9d 9 ,brita91 is lat]1 & inf9itely m ri*ly ornam5t$4 ,b 9 ?is at ,g\rnay1 ! w9d[s are ! only portion t h altoge!r escap$ mutilation or alt]ation4 ,! side portals 7 evid5tly1 9 _! orig9al /ate1 front$ ) por*es1 :i* h n[ disappe>$4 ,su* has likewise be5 ! case ) ! ar*es ( entrance2 & m5tion has already be5 made ( ! po/]ior date ( ! t[]4 ,! ?irty-n9? plate exhibits a portion ( ! old] "p ( ! int]ior ( ! *ur*1 & displays a /yle ( ar*itecture consid]ably prior to ! p]iod assign$ = its rebuild+2 s t no "o c well d\bt b t1 z has be5 h9t$ above1 ?\gh x may be said to owe its exi/5ce to ,hugh de ,g\rnay1 ?is ass]tion is to be tak5 only 9 a qualifi$ s5se4 ,?is plate conta9s ! la/ comp>tm5t ( ! nor? side ( ! nave1 & also admits a portion ( ! transept4 ,flank+ ! nave1 on ei!r h&1 is a r[ ( sev5 columns1 support+ six ar*es4 ,x is sc>cely possible = ! mo/ casual obs]v] n to be /ruck1 imm$iately ^u ent]+ ! build+1 ) ! extreme massiv5ess & solidity ( ! pi]s4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p squ>e1 & only v>i$ ) a semi-cyl9drical %aft atta*$ to ea* ( ! f\r sides4 ,simil> pi]s are to be f\nd 9 _m ( ! village *ur*es ^u ! coa/s ( ,sussex & ,surrey1 ! "p ( our isl& :i*1 f its situation ne>e/ to ,norm&y1 is mo/ likely to reta9 g5u9e specim5s ( ! e>lie/ & pure/ ,norman ar*itecture4 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable "* att5d+ ! pi]s at ,g\rnay is1 t ! sculpture ^u !m1 in/ead ( be+ conf9$ z usual to ! capitals ( ! pill>s1 is also cont9u$ ov] ! flat int]m$iate surface ( ! pi]s1 ext5d+ to ! same dep? z ! capitals1 z if int5d$1 by =m+ a b& r\nd ! :ole1 to connect x m closely 9 a k9d ( ar*itectural unity4 ,! patt]n1 h[ev]1 9 g5]al v>ies z appli$ to ! flat or circul> sides4 ,! ar*es ( ! nave ( ! *ur* are ( a %ape betwe5 :at is g5]ally t]m$ ! semi-circul> & ! horse-%oe ar*2 _! c5tre be+ some:at high] ?an ! spr+1 b n rem>kably s4 ,! cl]e/ory w9d[s above are all ,norman2 & ! same is ! case ) ! great ar*es1 orig9ally int5d$ to support ! c5tral t[]2 except+1 inde$1 9 t to ! nor?1 :i* has evid5tly und]gone an alt]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #dj4 ,,collegiate ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,hildeb]t ,,at ,,g\rnay4 ,capitals4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #da4 ,,collegiate ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,hildeb]t ,,at ,,g\rnay4 ,capitals4 ,plates =ty & =ty-"o#ga are devot$ to ! capitals1 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( ! build+4 ,a m rem>kable or a m int]e/+ set1 is n to be se5 9 any *ur* ?r\gh\t ,norm&y4 ,_! "* is by no means altoge!r ! same z t ( ^? at ,/4 ,georges1 or 9 ! abbatial *ur* ( ! ,tr9ity at ,ca54 ,!re are inde$ mon/]s among !m1 b !y are ( unfrequ5t occurr5ce2 &1 if ! expression may be all[$1 !y are n equally mon/r\s4 ,nor are !y ( a description to appe> to be> any ref]5ce to my?ology1 or to hi/ory4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! sculpture on !m is = ! mo/ "p ( great beauty2 & ! patt]ns display a f]tile1 & an elegant1 if n a classical1 ta/e on ! "p ( ! ar*itects4 ,! greate/ peculi>ity among !m1 & "o t is believ$ to be :olly conf9$ to ?is *ur*1 is1 t sev5 or eight ( ! pill>s h1 by way ( capitals1 a n>r[ project+ rim1 c>v$ ) undulat+ l9es4 ,s frequ5t a repetition ( ! same ornam5t1 & ( an ornam5t s v s+ul>1 removes ! idea ( accid5t4 ,x has !re=e be5 suppos$1 t ! int5tion ( ! sculptor 0 to exhibit a k9d ( hi]oglyphical repres5tation ( wat]4 ,p]haps1 z has be5 obs]v$ else:]e1#gb x is ! *amb] ( ,sagitt>ius2 or1 p]haps1 x is a fess-wavy1 to :i* ! same signification has be5 assign$ by h]alds4--,if ?is int]pretation be correct1 ! symbol is allusive to ! anci5t situation ( ! t[n1 built 9 a m>%1 int]sect$ by two /reams4 ,! aisles ( ! *ur* are 9 all p>ts anci5t3 _! vault+ resembles t ( ,norwi* ca!dral1 an ar* spr++ f ea* capital4--,l>ge w9d[s ( ! decorat$ ,engli% /yle1 & consequ5tly comp>atively mod]n1 h be5 ins]t$1 at ! ea/ end ( ! *ur*1 & at ! extremity ( ! s\? transept2 b1 9 bo? ^! p>ts1 suffici5t is left to %ew ! orig9al design ( ! ar*itect4 ,9 ! latt]1 x is evid5t t !re once 71 z !re /ill rema9 9 ! opposite transept1 f\r semi-circul>-head$ w9d[s1 dispos$1 to speak 9 h]aldic language1 #a1 #b1 & #a2 :ile1 9 ! =m]1 7 sev51 plac$ #a1 #b1 & #d4 ,( ! f\r l[e/ ( ^!1 ! two out]mo/ gave light to ! aisles4 ,ea* w9d[ 0 sep>at$ f ! re/ by a %all[ undivid$ ,norman buttress1 built ( squ>$ free/one1 & int]rupt+ ! h]r+-bone masonry1 :i* occupies ! re/ ( ! ea/ end1 to ! height ( ab\t five feet f ! gr\nd4 ,,notes3 #fi ,/4 ,hildeb]t is a "n ( r>e occurr5ce 9 hagiology4 ,he 0 bi%op ( ,meaux 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 b 0 n honor$ ) a place 9 ! cal5d>1 till ab\t ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] 8 decease2 at :i* "t 8 reliques 7 c>ri$ to diff]5t p>ts ( ,france1 & f9ally int]r$ at ,g\rnay4 ,! *ur*1 on ?is occasion1 *ang$ its patron1 an ev5t :i* commonly happ5$ 9 ^? ages1 & plac$ itself "u ! protection ( ! new sa9t1 in/ead ( ! proto-m>tyr1 to :om x _h be5 orig9ally d$icat$4--,pet] de ,natalibus1 9 8 ,catalogus ,sanctorum1 says1 t ,/4 ,hildeb]t end$ 8 life z ,ar*bi%op ( ,t\rs2 & t he di$ 9 t city1 & 0 !re buri$1 ibique jac5s 9 miraculis vivit4 ,he speaks ( him likewise z an elegant s*ol>1 & ! au?or ( a "w1 de contemptu hujus vit1 writt5 p>tly 9 v]se1 & p>tly 9 prose4 #gj ,( ! la/ ( ^!1 :i* be>s date 9 #abgh1 a copy1 translat$ f ! ,ar*iepiscopal ,ar*ives1 is pr9t$ 9 ! ,concilia ,normannica1 7,,ii4 p4 #he17 & is "h ins]t$1 n only on acc\nt ( ! in=mation x af=ds conc]n+ ! *ur*1 b z a curi\s specim5 ( simil> compositions3-- ,,guillelmus ,,de ,,flavacuria ,,indulg5tias ,,ecclesi ,,gornac5si ,,conc$it ,,anno ,,*ri/i ,,mcclxxviii4 ,guillelmus p]missione div9 ,rotomag5sis ,ar*iepiscopus1 univ]sis prs5tes lit]as inspecturis1 salutem 9 ,dom9o ,jesu ,*ri/o4 ,cum1 sicut accepimus1 ,ecclesia de ,g\rnayo no/r ,diocesis1 9 qua ,corpus ,b4 ,hildev]ti requiescit1 ita gravit] sit oppressa1 qud ad su/5tationem paup]um ,cl]icorum ibi des]vi5tium1 necnon et ad redificationem dict ,ecclesi propri facultates non suppetant nisi fidelium subv5tionibus adjuvetur1 maxim cm prdicta ,ecclesia amis]it r$ditus quos 9 ,anglia solebat p]cip]e annuatim4 ,nos de omnipot5tis ,dei mis]icordia et ,b4 ,m>i semp] ,virg9is g5itricis ejus1 beatorum ,petri et ,pauli1 ac beatorum ,confessorum ,romani et ,audoni1 et omnium ,sanctorum m]itis et int]cessione confisi3 ,omnibus v] po5it5tibus et confessis1 qui ad dictam ,ecclesiam caus p]egr9ationis ,dom9ic 9 qua canitur3 ,i/i sunt dies1 et die ,sabba?i et die ,v5]is imm$iat prc$5tibus access]9t1 vel prnom9at ,ecclesi manum suam porrex]9t1 adjutorium dictis diebus vel aliis eleemosynas l>gi5do1 #dj dies de injunctis sibi po5it5tiis mis]icordit] relaxamus4 ,datum ,g\rnaii anno ,dom9i #abgh1 die ,v5]is ante ,fe/um ,b4 ,dionysii4 #ga ,! capitals 9 ! =m] ( ^! plates are all select$ f ! nave2 9 ! latt]1 ^? m>k$ ,e1 ,h1 ,m1 are tak5 f ! columns plac$ at ! int]section ( ! transepts2 & ,g1 ,i1 ,k1 & ,o1 f ! *oir4 ,l & ,n repres5t consols to ribs 9 ! aisles4 #gb ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #dd4 ,,plates ,,xlii4 ,,& ,,xliii4 ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,hospital ,,( ,,/4 ,,juli51 ,,ne> ,,r\54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #db4 ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,hospital ,,( ,,/4 ,,juli51 ,,ne> ,,r\54 ,s\? side4 ,! *apel figur$ 9 ^! plates is all t n[ rema9s ( a mona/]y1 :i*1 at ! p]iod ( ! revolution1 0 "o ( ! mo/ magnific5t 9 ! vic9ity ( ,r\54 ,x 0 !n likewise almo/ altoge!r new3 ,f>91 9 8 hi/ory ( ! city1 pr9t$ 9 #agca1 /ates t1 at ! "t :5 he wrote1 ! monks ( ! ord] ( ! ,*>treux1 ! !n occupants ( ! priory1 _h j began to rebuild ! great cloi/]1 accord+ to a v simple & magnific5t design4#gc ,b ! revolution>y commotions levell$ ! :ole ) ! gr\nd1 sp>+ only ! unassum+ *apel1 :i* has s9ce s]v$ z a wood-h\se = ! neighbor+ f>m]4 ,! conv5t itself und]w5t _m *anges ( own]s4 ,x 0 orig9ally f\nd$ 9 #aahc1 by ,h5ry ,,ii4 ,k+ ( ,engl& & ,duke ( ,norm&y1 z a priory1 "u ! invocation ( ,/4 ,juli51 = ! reception ( unm>ri$ females ( rank1 :o1 hav+ ! mis=tune to be affect$ ) leprosy1 devot$ !mselves to a religi\s life4 ,t t]rible disease1 happily almo/ unkn[n except by tradition1 9 our days1 0 9 ^? times ( s frequ5t occurr5ce1 t legislative enactm5ts 7 repeat$ly necess>y to re/ra9 its ravages4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! c\ncils ( ! ,norman *ur*1 allusions to ! subject are (t5 to be f\nd4 ,lep]s 7 =bidd5 to migrate1 ev5 f "o laz>-h\se to ano!r2 !y 7 n all[$ to set _! foot 9 any city or =tress2 &1 9 ! ev5t ( _! transgress+ ?is ord]1 & be+ ill-treat$ 9 consequ5ce ( su* disob$i5ce1 no r$ress 0 to be af=d$ !m4 ,!y c\ld take re/ 9 no inn1 ev5 = necess>y refre%m5t4#gd ,by an especial ord] ( ! *ur* ( ,bayeux1 no "o c\ld give alms to a lep]1 "u pa9 ( excommunication2#ge & ! *ur* ( ,c\tances w5t /ill fur!r1 enjo9+ !m nev] to appe> )\t a p>ticul> k9d ( cope1 by way ( di/9ction1 & nev] to attempt to dispose ( ! hogs :i* !y 7 9 ! habit ( fatt+1 except to su* z labor$ "u ! same disease4 ,disob$i5ce to ?is la/ ord]1 expos$ bo? buy] & sell] to a puni%m5t1 :i* s\nds r /range at ?is "t1 be+ ad boni viri arbitrium4#gf ,9 ano!r case1 & ne>ly at ! "t ( ! f\ndation ( ! priory ( ,/4 ,juli51 x is ^u record1 t lep]s 7 *>g$ z engag$ 9 a horrible communion ( crime ) ,jews4 ,! latt] 7 expell$ f ,france 9 #acba1 ^u ! plea ( _! hav+ be5 guilty ( adm9i/]+ to ! p potions ( a poison\s quality2 & ! lep]s 7 accus$ ( hav+ l5t !mselves z in/rum5ts 9 aid+ & abett+4#gg ,9 ! f\ndation-*>t] ( ! priory ( ,/4 ,juli51 ,h5ry end[s x ) an annual r5tal ( two hundr$ livres1 = ! clo?+ & ma9t5ance ( ! nuns2 & he gives !m1 9 addition1 ! mead[ ( ,quevilli1 9 :i* p>i% ! conv5t 0 situat$1 toge!r ) ! privilege ( cutt+ _! fire-wood1 & fe$+ _! cattle1 9 ! =e/ !re4 ,h5ce ! mona/]y 0 indiscrim9ately kn[n by ! "n ( ,salle du ,roi1 ,salle des ,pucelles1 ,notre ,dame du ,quevilli1 & ,/4 ,juli5 du ,p>c4 ,9 ! ye> #acff1 ,*>les ,v4 ,k+ ( ,france1 be+ !n at ,r\51 transf]r$1 by 8 lett]s pat5t1 ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,juli51 ) all its appurt5ances1 :i* _h by t "t consid]ably increas$1 to ! great hospital ( ! city1 call$ ! ,magdal54 ,! prior ( ! latt] e/abli%m5t 0 enjo9$ to take *>ge ( ! nuns1 & to visit !m daily1 = ! purpose ( recomm5d+ ! s\l ( ! k+ to _! pray]s1 9 commemoration ( ! great b5efits be/[$ by him ^u ! mona/]y4 ,ev5 d[n to ! "t ( ! revolution1 ?is cu/om 0 to a c]ta9 degree ma9ta9$4 ,! prie/ on duty dur+ ! week 0 b\nd to pron\nce daily1 ) a l\d voice1 at ! close ( ! ev5+ s]vice1 ,ames dvotes priez p\r ,*>les ,v4 ,roi de ,france1 et p\r nos autres bi5faiteurs2 & ?is 0 foll[$ by ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty-n9? psalm1 & an appropriate pray]4 ,! same c]emony 0 at ! same "t p]=m$ by "o ( ! nuns1 among ! females4 ,aft] ! union ( ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,juli5 to ! ,magdal51 ! sup]ior ( ! hospital 0 9 ! habit ( keep+ a monk at ! priory1 z a sup]9t5dant ov] ! religi\s duties ( ! occupants & temporal possessions ( ! f\ndation2 & ?is /ate ( ?+s cont9u$ till #afjj1 :51 ^u ! de/ruction ( ! abbey ^u ,mont ,/e ,ca!r9e1 ! fri>s ( ! latt] e/abli%m5t obta9$ f ! hospital ! cession ( ! des]t$ mona/]y1 & occupi$ x = sixty-sev5 ye>s4 ,!y !n also 9 _! turn resign$ x1 & x fell into ! h&s ( ! ,c>?usians ( ,gaillon1 :o1 unit+ ) _! bre?r5 ( ! same ord] at ,r\51 =m$ a v opul5t community1 & resid$ "h till ! p]iod :5 all mona/ic in/itutions ceas$ ?r\gh\t ,france4 ,ar*itecturally consid]$1 ! *apel is a build+ ( great int]e/4#gh ,a m pure1 or m p]fect specim5 ( ! ,norman ra1 is p]haps no :]e to be f\nd4 ,)\t spire or t[]1 & divid$ into ?ree p>ts ( unequal l5g? & height1 ! nave1 ! *oir1 & ! circul> apsis1 x resembles "o ( ! meane/ ( our p>i% *ur*es 9 ,engl&4 ,9 its design1 x is ext]nally q regul>1 be+ divid$ ?r\gh\t its :ole l5g?1 into small comp>tm5ts1 by a r[ ( %all[ buttresses1 :i* rise f ! gr\nd to ! eaves ( ! ro(1 )\t any p>tition into splays4 ,^? on ! s\? side1 7see plate =ty-two7 are all1 except ! mo/ ea/]n1 /ill 9 _! primeval /ate2 b a buttress ( a subsequ5t1 ?\gh n v rec5t1 date1 has be5 built up aga9/ almo/ e "o ( ! orig9al buttresses on ! nor? side1 by way ( support to ! edifice4 ,ea* division conta9s a s+le n>r[ circul>-head$ w9d[2 b5ea? :i* is a pla9 m\ld+1 cont9u$ un9t]rupt$ly ov] ! buttresses z well z ! wall4 ,ano!r pla9 m\ld+ runs ne>ly on a level ) ! tops ( ! w9d[s1 & takes ! same circul> =m2 b x is conf9$ to ! spaces betwe5 ! buttresses4 ,!re are no o!rs4--,! entrance 0 by circul>-head$ doors1 at ! we/ end & s\? side1 bo? ( !m v pla92 b p>ticul>ly ! latt]4 ,! few ornam5ts ( ! we/]n are z p]fect & z %>p1 z if ! :ole 7 ! "w ( ye/]day4 ,?is "p ( ! *ur* has1 h[ev]1 be5 expos$ to consid]able injury1 ow+ to its hav+ jo9$ ! conv5tual build+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #dc4 ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,hospital ,,( ,,/4 ,,juli51 ,,ne> ,,r\54 ,int]ior4 ,*oir & "p ( ! ,nave4 ,! int]ior ( ! *apel1 h[ev] degrad$ f its orig9al purpose1 cont9ues1 l ! ext]ior1 almo/ p]fect2 b x is mu* m ri*1 unit+ to ! common ornam5ts ( ,norman ar*itecture capitals ( great labor4 ,! ceil+ is cov]$ ) pa9t+s ( scriptural subjects1 :i* /ill rema94 ,?is discrepance ( /yle betwe5 ! outside ( ! build+ & ! inside1 might lead to a suspicion t !y _h be5 erect$ at diff]5t times2 b !re really seems to be no suffici5t gr\nd = su* an op9ion4 ,^? :o attempt to decide ^u ! dates ( ,norman edifices1 judg+ f ! "* ( _! ornam5ts1 or ! comp>ative pr(usion ( _! decorations1 w d well to reflect1 t almo/ e build+ conta9s 9 itself a m$ley ( :at is b>b>\s & classical1 :ile no two c well v>y m 9 ! quantity ( _! ornam5ts1 ?an ! two abbatial *ur*es ( ,ca52 & yet !y 7 bo? ( !m1 beyond dispute1 productions ( ! self-same ra4--,x des]ves rem>k likewise1 t two !ories ( directly opposite t5d5cy1 bo? ( !m p]haps equally plausible1 h be5 />t$ ^u ?is po9t4 ,! p>tisans ( "o ( ^! ma9ta91 t ! ,normans1 on _! arrival 9 ! m s\!rn p>ts ( ,europe1 f\nd highly ornam5t$ build+s1 &1 be+ !mselves altoge!r ignorant ( art1 7 cont5t ) copy+ :at already exi/$2 s t _! progress 9 art 0 9 a retrograde direction1 f a classical /yle1 to "o comp>atively b>b>\s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is av]r$1 t ^! reput$ savages really import$ ) !m ! k9d ( ar*itecture n[ g5]ally kn[n by _! "n2 &1 9 proportion z !y improv$ 9 weal?1 luxury1 & ref9em5t1 drew ne>] & ne>] to ! ,roman model1 ei!r by d9t ( _! own obs]vations1 or by ! importation ( ,italian arti/s4 ,! balance ( probability appe>s at ! fir/ glance to incl9e 9 favor ( ! latt] ( ^! op9ions1 z mo/ consonant to ! g5]al m>* ( human affairs4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ^u a m att5tive consid]ation1 ! =m] may appe> ne>] to ! tru?3 x is c]ta91 t ! /yle 9 ar*itecture1 :i* imm$iately succe$$ :at is commonly call$ ,norman1 is /ill f>!r remov$ f ! ,roman or ! ,greek2 & x is equally c]ta91 t ! ,norman itself has diff]5t *>act]s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe4 ,t ( ,engl& v>ies to a c]ta9 degree f :at is se5 9 ,norm&y3 ! latt] /ill m s f ! ,g]man1 & ! ,g]man f t ( ! s\? ( ,france2 :ile1 9 ! nor? ( ,italy1 & 9 ,sicily1 x is aga9 f\nd ) features unlike ^? ( o!r c\ntries1 & equally unlike ^? ( ea* o!r4 ,9 all1 ! discrepancies mo/ probably arise f ! /yles peculi> to ! sev]al nations1 previ\sly to ! irruptions ( ! nor!rn hordes4 ,! subject is1 at all ev5ts1 des]v+ ( inve/igation & reflection4 ,,notes3 #gc ,vol4 ,v4 p4 #cgj4 #gd ,concilia ,normannica1 ,,ii4 p4 #gb4 #ge ,ibidem1 p4 #bci4 #gf ,ibidem1 p4 #ede4 #gg ,ibidem1 ,i4 p4 #age4 #gh ,! great] "p ( :at foll[s is borr[$ f ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #abh4 ,,plates ,,xliv4--,,xlvi4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,l,,ry4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #dd4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,l,,ry1 ,,ne> ,,pont-,,de-,l',,ar*e4 ,g5]al view look+ s\? ea/4 ,x is n 9 ! vic9ity ( ,r\51 nor inde$ 9 any portion ( ! di/rict =m]ly kn[n "u ! d5om9ation ( ,upp] ,norm&y1 t ! curi\s travell] mu/ seek = ! mo/ int]e/+ rema9s ( e>ly ecclesia/ical ar*itecture 9 ! prov9ce4 ,! village *ur*es1 ?r\gh\t ?is portion ( ! du*y1 are = ! mo/ "p small & insignificant1 & ( comp>atively mod]n erection2 :ile1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ca51 & inde$ 9 ! :ole ( ! dep>tm5ts ( ,calvados & ( ,la ,man*e1 a l>ge proportion ( !m are unque/ionably ref]able to ! times ( ,norman dom9ion1 & exhibit "s ( ! pure/ specim5s ( real ,norman art4 ,! solution ( ?is "q mu/ 9 all probability be s\ght = 9 ! political /ate ( ! prov9ce2 & no m obvi\s answ] seems to pres5t itself1 ?an is af=d$ by a ref]5ce to ! local "* ( its two great divisions1 ( :i*1 ,upp] ,norm&y1 consi/+ greatly ( a bord] c\ntry1 expos$ to ! cont9ual ravages ( w>f>e f its m p[]ful neighbor1 ) difficulty pres]v$ su* ( its public build+s z 7 def5d$ by ! walls ( ! =tresses2 & (t5 gladly comp\nd$ = ! secure exi/5ce ( ^!1 by ! sacrifice ( ! h>ve/1 ! cottage1 & ! p>o*ial *ur*4 ,yet1 ev5 "h1 "s ( ! ecclesia/ical build+s h escap$ ! h& ( "t & viol5ce2 & among ^!1 few1 if any1 m completely ?an t ( ,lry1 a village situat$ ^u ! "r bank ( ! ,eure1 at a di/ance ( ab\t two miles f ,pont de l',ar*e1 & ne>ly ! same f ,l\vi]s4 ,lry gives its "n to ! adjo9+ commune2 & x may reasonably be inf]r$1 t x 0 9 =m] times a place ( m importance1 ?an w\ld be imag9$ f its pres5t appe>ance4 ,! +5i\s & e/imable ,m4 ,langlois1 ( ,r\51 9 a "w#gi :i* he comm5c$ ^u ! antiquities ( ,norm&y1 & 9 :i* he has figur$ ! we/ front ( ?is *ur*1 tells u1 t b a few ye>s s9ce1 ,lry c\ld boa/ ( sev]al specim5s ( dome/ic ar*itecture ( unusual size & embelli%m5t4 ,( "o ( ^!1 an engrav+ has lately be5 giv5 by ,m4 ,willem91 9 8 exquisite ,monum5s ,9dits de la ,france4 ,x 0 kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,palace ( ,que5 ,blan*e2 & if1 by ! ,blan*e 9 "q1 is to be und]/ood ! ,pr9cess ( ,nav>re1 consort ( ,philip ,,vi4 :o di$ 9 #acej1 !re is no?+ 9 ! ext]ior ( ! build+ to prev5t its be+ ascrib$ to t ra4 ,x 0 ent]$ by a flat door-way1 "u a wide1 po9t$1 crocket$ ar*2 ! transom-/one enri*$ ) a trefoil-head$ m\ld+2 & ! :ole portal surm\nt$ ) a balu/rade ( quatrefoils4 ,b1 un=tunately1 no?+ m c n[ be said ( ! build+1 ?an is suppli$ by ! plate 9 "q4 ,x _h1 9 its e>li] "t1 repeat$ly suff]$ f ! effects ( fire2 & a simil> calamity complet$ its ru91 dur+ ! mon? ( ,june1 #ahad4 ,! l[] "p ( ! walls & ! go?ic portal are all t are left /&+1 to atte/ ! orig9al size & magnific5ce ( ! palace4 ,! *ur* ( ,lry is ref]r$ by ,m4 ,langlois to ! ra ( ! ,c>lov+ian dyna/y1 a p]iod t ext5d$ f ! middle ( ! sev5? c5tury1 to ! conclud+ ye>s ( ! t5?4 ,its claim to s extraord9>ily high a degree ( antiquity1 is f\nd$1 9 8 op9ion1 ^u ! resemblance borne by ! columns & capitals ( ! we/ front1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! w9d[s1 to ! same p>ts 9 ! crypt ( ! abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is1 g5]ally suppos$ to be ! jo9t "w ( ,pep9 & ( ,*>lemagne4 ,b ^! latt] decid$ly p>take m ( ! "* ( ! classical model1#hj :ile e memb] ?r\gh\t ! :ole front ( ,lry1 7see plate =ty-five7 may f9d a p>allel 9 o!r ,norman *ur*es2 or1 if an exception is to be made to s sweep+ an ass]tion1 x c only be 9 favor ( ! second & l>ge/ m\ld+ 9 ! ar*ivolt ( ! portal1 :i* is v peculi>4 ,! two lat]al po9t$ w9d[s are obvi\sly an introduction ( a subsequ5t p]iod2 & a d\bt may likewise p]haps be ent]ta9$ ) reg>d to ! buttresses4 ,?is front is small inde$1 b elegant3 x is m ri*ly ornam5t$ ?an t ( ! *apel 9 ! ca/le at ,ca52#ha &1 ?\gh less s ?an t ( ! abbey *ur* ( ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville1 yet c x sc>cely be said to be inf]ior 9 beauty4 ,a rec5t t\ri/#hb has rem>k$1 ) mu* app>5t probability1 t ! *ur*es ( ,/4 ,georges & ( ,lry may1 f ! g5]al con=mity 9 ! /yle ( bo?1 reasonably be reg>d$ z ( ne>ly ! same ra1--! "t ( ! ,norman conque/2 & he goes on to add t1 ?r\gh ^!1 ! ,engli% antiqu>y may be enabl$ to fix ! date to a specim5 ( anci5t ar*itecture 9 8 own c\ntry1 m spl5did ?an ei!r1--! *ur* ( ,ca/le-,ris+1#hc 9 ,norfolk1 ^: we/ front is s mu* on ! same plan1 t x c sc>cely h be5 erect$ at a v diff]5t p]iod4 ,! *ur* ( ,lry 7see plate =ty-f\r7 is built 9 ! =m ( a cross1 hav+ 9 ! c5tre a %ort squ>e t[]1 to :i* has be5 atta*$1 9 mod]n times1 a wret*$ wood5 spire4 ,?is ,mr4 ,cotman has v judici\sly omitt$1 z add+ no?+ to ! int]e/ ( ! plate1 & m]ely t5d+ to de=m :at is o!rwise se5 9 ne>ly ! same /ate 9 :i* x left ! h&s ( ! orig9al build]s4 ,! corbel-table1 obs]vable imm$iately "u ! top ( ! t[]1 & 9 "s p>ts ( ! *oir & transepts1 exhibits ! same description ( mon/]s1 z 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,paul at ,r\51 ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity at ,ca51 & o!r ,norman religi\s build+s4--,two peculi>ities att5d+ ^u ! ext]ior ( ! *ur* are1 t ! ea/ end is flat1 & t ! transepts are altoge!r )\t buttresses4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #de4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,l,,ry1 ,,ne> ,,pont-,,de-,l',,ar*e4 ,we/ ,front4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #df4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,l,,ry1 ,,ne> ,,pont-,,de-,l',,ar*e4 ,int]ior4 ,9 ! int]ior 7plate =ty-six7 x is impossible n to be /ruck ) ! extraord9>y simplicity & solidity ( ! :ole4 ,! only aim ( ! ar*itect appe>s to h be5 to erect an edifice t %\ld la/ = ev]4 ,a d\ble r[ ( pill>s & ar*es sep>ates ! nave into ?ree p>ts ( unequal wid?2 & ano!r ar*1 ( great] span1 divides x f ! *ancel4 ,! ar*es are 9 e in/ance devoid ( m\ld+s2 ! capitals are altoge!r )\t ornam5tal sculpture ( any description2 & ! pill>s are ev5 unsupport$ by bases4 ,inde$1 ! pill>s are no?+ m ?an r\nd$ pi]s2 & !y are n less rem>kable = _! proportions1 ?an = _! simplicity1 _! diamet] be+ equal to full two-?irds ( _! height4 ,h5ce x is sc>cely possible n to ent]ta9 ! suspicion t ! floor may h be5 rais$2 b !re is no?+ 9 ! appe>ance ( ! *ur* to ju/ify su* an idea4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to m5tion1 t ! figures ( sa9ts plac$ ^u brackets aga9/ ! sp&rils ( ! ar*es1 are all mod]n4 ,_! execution is wret*$2 & its imp]fection is r5d]$ b ! m app>5t1 by _! hav+ be5 pa9t$ 9 imitation ( liv+ nature4 ,! /r+-c\rse1 :i* runs imm$iately above _! heads1 is plac$ 9 a v uncommon situation4 ,x is compos$ ( ! nail-head ornam5t1 9 itself a suffici5t pro( ( its antiquity2 & also1 z is obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,cotman1 ( su* r>ity 9 ,norm&y1 t he does n recollect to h met ) ano!r in/ance ( x4 ,! w9d[s ( ! *ur* ( ,lry 7 =m]ly fill$ ) pa9t$ glass1 repres5t+ v curi\s subjects1 tak5 f ! life ( ,/4 ,l\is2 b e ve/ige ( ! k9d has n[ disappe>$4 ,f ! *ur*-y>d1 :i* /&s ^u a consid]able elevation1 imm$iately above ! banks ( ! ,eure1 are se51 ^u an opposite hill beyond ! riv]1 ! ru9s ( ! once celebrat$ conv5t1 kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,priory ( ! ,two ,lov]s4 ,,notes3 #gi ,recueil de quelques vues de sites et ,monum5s de la ,france1 spcialem5t de ,norm&ie1 et des div]s ,co/umes des ,habitans de cette ,prov9ce4--,( ?is "w1 ! fir/ numb]1 conta9+ eight plates1 appe>$ 9 ,r\51 9 #ahaf2 b1 un=tunately1 x did n meet ) suffici5t enc\ragem5t to be ev] foll[$ by a second4 #hj ,see ,h[lett's ,plan & ,views ( ! ,abbey ,royal ( ,/4 ,d5is1 plate #f4 #ha ,see plate #dh4 #hb ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #ahh4 #hc ,cotman's ,ar*itectural ,antiquities ( ,norfolk1 plate #ce4 ,,plate ,,xlvii4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,colomby4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #dg4 ,,elevations ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,colomby ,,ne> ,,valognes4 ,! *ur* ( ,colomby1 to use ! language ( ,m4 de ,g]ville1 is "o ( ! la/ ( ! religi\s edifices built by ^? p[]ful b>ons1 ^: sway ext5d$ equally ov] ,norm&y & ,engl&4 ,no records1 inde$1 are left ei!r z to ! actual "t ( its erection1 or ! "n ( its f\nd]4 ,) respect1 h[ev]1 to ! =m]1 ! /yle ( ! ar*itecture is suffici5tly decisive2 & !re is z little cause = hesitation 9 ref]r+ its orig9 to a nobleman alli$ to ! family ( ! ,conqu]or4 ,baldw9 de ,brionis1 or de ,molis1 :o accompani$ t mon>* 9 8 exp$ition aga9/ ,engl&1 & 0 aft]w>ds m>ri$ to 8 niece1 0 rew>d$ by him = 8 s]vices1 ) ! b>ony ( ,okehampton1 :]e he resid$1 z well z ) ! cu/ody ( ! c\nty ( ,devon1 & ! gov]nm5t ( ,exet] ca/le1 9 fee4 ,! e>ldom ( ! same c\nty1 toge!r ) a grant ( ! ,isle ( ,wight1 0 conf]r$ by ,h5ry ,i4 ^u ! son ( ,baldw91 ,ri*>d de ,r$v]s2 &1 ei!r 9 ! same or ! foll[+ g5]ation1 ?is p[]ful family obta9$ a /ill f>!r accession to its ri*es & honors1 9 ! possession ( ,nh\1 a consid]able portion ( ! b>ony ( ,/4 ,sauveur le ,vicomte1 :i* ,nel1 ,visc\nt ( ! ,cot5t91 _h =feit$ 9 #ajdg4 ,! doma9 ( ,nh\ includ$ a collegiate *ur*2 & "o ( ! preb5ds ( ?is 0 atta*$ to ! second portion ( ! *ur* ( ,colomby4 ,x appe>s f ?ree inquiries in/itut$ at diff]5t times by ! bi%ops ( ,c\tances1 ) a view to asc]ta9 ! value ( ! liv+s 9 _! diocese1 t1 9 ! ye>s #abee1 #afff1 & #agcg1 ,colomby 0 "u two sep>ate m9i/]s2 "o ( !m nom9at$ by ! "l1 ! o!r by ! abbey ( ,montb\rg4#hd ,almo/ all ! noblem5 ( ! family ( ,r$v]s1 :o1 aft] ! conque/ ( ,engl&1 commonly assum$ ! additional "n ( ,v]non1 7 di/+ui%$ by ! baptismal appellation ( ,baldw91 ,william1 or ,ri*>d4 ,! fir/ ( ! ,ri*>ds laid ! f\ndation ( ! mona/]y ( ,montb\rg4 ,he di$ !re 9 #aajg1 aft] hav+ enri*$ 8 ris+ conv5t ) num]\s donations1 &1 among o!rs1 ) ! second portion ( ,colomby4 ,baldw91 8 son & successor1 confirm$ ! donations3 he took arms aga9/ ,k+ ,/eph51 & 0 =c$ by t mon>* to flee f ,engl& 9 #aacf2 %ortly aft] :i* "t he complet$ ! abbey begun by 8 fa!r1 & caus$ x to be d$icat$ 9 #aaeb3 ?ree ye>s subsequ5tly1 he di$4 ,a second ,ri*>d1 :o succe$$ him 9 8 honors1 z ,e>l ( ,devon%ire & ,"l ( ,nh\1 di$ 9 #aafb2 & a ?ird ( ! same "n1 9 #aahd4 ,?is la/1 n cont5t ) m]ely confirm+ ! donations made by 8 ance/ors to ,montb\rg1 mat]ially increas$ !m3 he also add$ to ! collegiate *ur* ( ,nh\1 a fif? preb5d1 :i* he conf]r$ ^u "o ( ! m9i/]s ( ,colomby2 & x 0 by him1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ,m4 de ,g]ville1 t ! *ur*1 ! subject ( ! pres5t article1 0 built4 ,a few ye>s only elaps$ aft] ! decease ( ?is *iefta91 be=e ,norm&y became re-unit$ to ! cr[n ( ,france2 & "o ( ! fir/ acts ( ,philip-,augu/us1 :o !n sat ^u ! ?rone1 0 to regi/] ! fiefs ( 8 new prov9ce1 _! sev]al possessors1 & ! s]vice ow$ by ea*4 ,?is took place 9 ! ye> #abjg2 & ,nh\1 :i* 0 b\nd to furni% ! mon>* ) five horse-soldi]s1 0 at t "t 9 ! possession ( ,ri*>d ( ,v]non1 a nobleman ( :om no notice is to be f\nd 9 ! g5ealogy ( ! lords ( ! ,isle ( ,wight4 ,! regi/] records ! fact 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3--,ric4 de ,v]non t5et b>oniam de ,neah\ p] s]vicium quimque militum4 ,guillelmus de ,v]non t5et inde duo feoda et dimidium4-- ,! *ur* ( ,colomby is 9 p]fect pres]vation1 unspoil$ & undefac$ by mod]n alt]ations or additions1 sav+ only t ( a por* at ! we/]n extremity4 ,= simplicity & uni=mity x _c be surpass$2 nor c any build+ be bett] qualifi$ to af=d a specim5 ( ! religi\s ar*itecture ( ! times4 ,?\gh de/itute bo? ( transept & aisles1 ! t[] is c5tral3 ! ea/ end t]m9ates 9 a flat wall4 ,! columns )9 are clu/]$ & light2 =m$ ( /one1 :i* unites1 9 an em95t degree1 ! advantage ( great /r5g? ) t ( yield+ easily to ! *isel1 & :i* is dug f ! qu>ries ( ,yvetot1 ne> ,valognes4 ,! same qu>ries also furni%$ ! pr9cipal "p ( ! /one employ$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ca!dral ( ,c\tances4 ,! plate exhibits at ,c4 ! elevation ( ! s\? side ( ! *ur*2 to :i* h be5 add$1 = ! m complete und]/&+ ( ! subject1 ,a4 ,! we/ front4 ,b4 ,ea/ end4 ,d4 ,s\? door-way to ! *ancel4 ,e4 ,a s+le w9d[4 ,,notes3 #hd ,! words us$ ^u ?is subject 9 ! ,inquisition ( #abee1 made by ,jean d',essey1 !n bi%op ( ,c\tances1 are z foll[s3--,eccli de ,colombeo patronus ,abbas ,montisburgi pro m$ietate et p]cipit duas g>bas de portione sua4 ,rector p]cipit t]ciam cum altalagio4 ,gulielmus de ,riv]s patronus pro alia m$ietate4 ,rector p]cipit omnia4--,! two foll[+ inquisitions /ate 9 express t]ms1 t ! fir/ portion 0 "u ! patronage ( ! "l4 ,,plate ,,xlviii4 ,,*apel ,,9 ,,! ,,ca/le ,,at ,,ca54 ,! ,ca/le at ,ca5 0 built by ,william ! ,conqu]or1 ^: son1 ,h5ry ,i4 ?\gh commonly reput$ its f\nd]1 9 reality conf9$ himself to rais+ ! walls & add+ ! keep1 :i* latt] 0 levell$ ) ! gr\nd1 by virtue ( a decree ( ! ,national ,conv5tion1 dat$ #f? ,augu/1 #agic4 ,by ! same decree1 x 0 /ill f>!r enact$1 t ! ca/le itself %\ld be demoli%$2 b ! wisdom ( ! repres5tatives ( ! sov]eign p fail$ 9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r in/ances1 by n duly appreciat+ ! difficulties att5dant ^u ! execution ( _! edict3 ^! prov$ to be s great1 t ! workm5 7 compell$ to desi/1 :5 comp>atively b little progress _h be5 made 9 ! "w ( de/ruction4 ,x is expressly /at$ 9 ! ,norman ,*ronicle1 t a ca/le1 ?\gh ( small] size1 previ\sly exi/$ ^u ! same spot4 ,9 opposition1 h[ev]1 to ?is ass]tion1 we are told by ,rob]t ,wace1 t at ! "t :5 ,h5ry ,i4 ( ,france1 9 8 exp$ition aga9/ ! ,conqu]or1 9 #ajed1 advanc$ ) 8 army z f> z ! banks ( ! ,seville1 he trav]s$ ! t[n ( ,ca5 )\t resi/ance3 x be+ sans *a/el1 & ! ,duke n hav+ yet surr\nd$ x ) walls4 ,b may n ?is app>5t contradiction be reconcil$1 by admitt+ t ! words ( ! hi/orian are only to be tak5 9 a comp>ative s5se8 ,x is possible1 t ,wace int5d$ to convey no f>!r mean+ ?an t ! t[n 0 n !n =tifi$1 z 9 8 "t2 & su* a supposition w\ld cause e difficulty to vani%4 ,! ,ca/le1 z e>ly z ! elev5? c5tury1 0 plac$ "u ! sup]9t5dance ( a con/able2 & ! (fice 01 9 #aajf1 made h]$it>y 9 ! family ( ,rob]t ,fitz-,hamon1 ,"l ( ,creuly1 by :om1 & 8 heirs1 x cont9u$ to be held till ! clos+ ye> ( ! same c5tury4 ,"u ! reign ( ! la/ ( ! ,norman ,dukes1 ! keep _h a gov]nor ( its own1 di/9ct f t ( ! ca/le2 & he 0 dignifi$ ) ! title ( ,con/able ( ! ,t[] ( ,ca52 b1 ^u ! r$uction ( ! prov9ce by ,philip-,augu/us1 ,ca5 itself1 toge!r ) ! ca/le & its dungeon1 0 all committ$ to ! *>ge ( a s+le (fic]1 d5om9at$ ! ,capta94 ,su* also appe>s to h cont9u$ ! case1 except dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xi4 :5 "o ,raymond d',argeau is record$ to h be5 ! ,g>de p>ticuli] du ,donjon4 ,! timid policy ( a suspici\s pr9ce might naturally sugge/ ! idea ( great] safety1 9 n all[+ ! p[] ov] s important a =tress to be ve/$ 9 any s+le h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #dh4 ,,*apel ,,9 ,,! ,,ca/le ,,at ,,ca54 ,! ,ca/le at ,ca5 0 ! place on :i* ! diff]5t lord%ips1 atta*$ to ! dignity ( ,visc\nt ( ,ca51 directly or indirectly1 dep5d$4 ,almo/ all ( !m 7 held ^u ! condition ( "s annual contribution1 consi/+ ei!r ( arr[s1 or quiv]s1 or b[s1 or swords1 or cuirasses1 or o!r description ( anci5t armor4 ,9 "t ( w>1 ! vassals ( ^! diff]5t lords 7 likewise b\nd to m\nt gu>d at ! ca/le2 b mo/ ( ! p>i%es pur*as$ an exemption f ?is s]vice1 by means ( a pecuni>y paym5t4 ,?us x is ^u record t1 9 ! ye> #achc1 ! p>i% ( ,mry comp\nd$ = fifty-six livres annually1 & t ( ,clville = ?irty-two livres t5 sols4 ,by ! t5ure ( o!rs among ! dep5d5cies ( ! bailiwick1 x 0 /ipulat$1 accord+ to ,m4 de ,b\rgueville1 t !y %\ld supply ! ca/le ) provisions1 9 ! ev5t ( w>4 ,! sums aris+ f ^! v>i\s contributions1 7 employ$ = ! pay & ma9t5ance ( ! g>rison3 9 #acfi1 ! sal>y ( ! gov]nor ( ,ca5 0 fix$ at "o ?\s& livres annually2 half ( x aris+ f ! rev5ues ( ! ,visc\nty ( ,ca51 ! o!r moiety f ^? ( ! ,visc\nty ( ,bayeux4 ,! g>rison1 dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury1 0 limit$ 9 "t ( peace to six esquires & t5 crossb[-m54 ,ev5 dur+ ! %ort p]iod ( ,engli% p[]1 ! gov]nor 0 all[$ = ! def5ce ( ! place only ?irty heavy-arm$ soldi]s & n9ety ar*]s1 half ( _! numb] be+ m\nt$4 ,^u ! capture ( ,ca5 by ,*>les ,,vii4 9 #adej1 t mon>* left 9 ! ca/le a g>rison am\nt+ to ne>ly ?ree hundr$ soldi]s2 & ?is numb] 0 n r$uc$ bel[ "o hundr$ & =ty1 ^u ! conclusion ( ! peace4 ,! above p>ticul>s1 translat$ almo/ v]batim f ! ,abb ,de la ,rue's rec5t publication ^u ,ca51#he d n place ! ca/le1 z a =tress1 9 ! important light :i* might reasonably h be5 expect$1 consid]+ its reput$ /r5g? & its great ext5t4 ,mon/relet1#hf speak+ ( x 9 8 own "t1 says1 x is ! /ronge/ 9 all ,norm&y1 =tifi$ ) high & great bulw>ks ( a v h>d /one1 situat$ ^u a rock1 & conta9+ 9 ext5t z mu* z ! :ole t[n ( ,corbeil4 ,de ,b\rgueville#hg ent]s1 z might be expect$1 m at l>ge into ! subject4 ,8 description is full & int]e/+4#hh ,a %ort "t previ\sly to ! revolution1 :5 ,ca5 0 visit$ by ,duc>el1#hi ! great] "p ( ! ca/le 0 mu* out ( ord]1 hav+ be5 altoge!r neglect$2 b ! dungeon _h !n lately und]gone a ?or\gh repair1 & 0 us$ z a place ( conf9em5t = /ate prison]s1 & = su* o!rs1 z by lettres de ca*et1 obta9$ at ! jo9t reque/ ( _! family1 7 depriv$ ( _! lib]ty1 9 ord] to prev5t _! incurr+ ! disgrace1 aft] hav+ be5 expos$ to ! mis=tune1 ( pov]ty4 ,on ! subject ( its pres5t condition1 we le>n f ,mr4 ,turn]1#ij t1 degrad$ z x is 9 its "* by mod]n innovation1 x is m des]v+ ( notice z an hi/orical1 ?an z an ar*itectural1 relic2 b t x /ill claims to be reckon$ z a place ( def5ce1 ?\gh x reta9s b few ( its orig9al features4 ,! spaci\s1 l(ty circul> t[]s1 :i* flank$ its ramp>ts1 kn[n by ! names ( ! black1 ! :ite1 ! r$1 & ! grey horse1 h be5 br\ght d[n to ! level ( ! plat=m4 ,! dungeon-t[] is de/roy$2 & all ! gr&eur ( ! ,norman ca/le is lo/1 ?\gh ! wid? ( its dit*es1 & ! ?ickness ( its walls1 /ill te/ify its anci5t /r5g?4--,! same au?or proce$s to /ate1 t !re are reasons = suppos+ t ,ca51 :5 fir/ f\nd$1 only occupi$ ! site ( ! pres5t ca/le2 & t1 :5 x became advisable to conv]t ! old t[n into a =tress1 ! inhabitants migrat$ into ! valley bel[4--,he adds1 ^u ! au?ority ( ,de ,b\rgueville1 t six ?\s& infantry c\ld be drawn up 9 battle array1 )9 ! out] ballium2 & t s great 0 ! numb] ( h\ses & ( inhabitants1 inclos$ )9 ! area1 t x 0 ?\ght exp$i5t to build 9 x a p>o*ial *ur*1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,george1 besides two *apels4 ,"o ( ^! *apels has be5 suppos$ to be ! subject ( ! pres5t plate2 b ! high au?ority ( ! ,abb ,de la ,rue#ia seems to r5d] su* a supposition at lea/ d\btful4 ,inde$1 ! rev]5d au?or enum]ates no few] ?an six *apels )9 ! prec9cts ( ! ca/le1 )\t1 h[ev]1 ent]+ ^u a description ( ! rema9s ( any "o ( !m4 ,at ! same "t1 he p>ticul>ly notices ! religi\s build+ "h figur$1 evid5tly reg>d+ x z hav+ s]v$ =m]ly = a p>o*ial *ur*4 ,at pres5t1 x is desecrat$1 & is devot$ to ! (fice ( a milit>y /oreh\se4 ,m4 ,de la ,rue reg>ds x z be+ n only ! olde/ ar*itectural relic 9 ,ca51 b z an erection ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,he f\nds ?is op9ion ^u its con/ruction1 de/itute ( any t[]2 ^u ! circul> ar*es ( its door & w9d[s2 ^u its zig-zag m\ld+s2 ^u ! mon/]s ( its corbel-table2 &1 above all1 ^u ! peculi>ity ( its position2 ! *oir be+ turn$ to ! we/1 & ! front to ! ea/4 ,x 01 accord+ to him1 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 t ! practice1 n[ uni=mly adopt$1 ( plac+ *ur*es 9 an opposite direction1 0 fir/ introduc$4 ,! irregul>ity ( ! e>ly ,norman religi\s edifices1 9 ?is latt] respect1 has already be5 notic$ "u a prec$+ article4#ib ,,notes3 #he ,essais ,hi/oriques1 ,,ii4 p4 #bgb4 #hf ,*ronicles1 7,johnes' ,translation7 ,,iii4 p4 #dgb4 #hg ,re*]*es et ,antiquitez de la ,ville de ,ca51 p4 #ai4 #hh ,inde$1 s detail$ & curi\s is ?is acc\nt1 t1 ?\gh r long1 x appe>s desirable "h to ins]t x4--,re/e pres5t descrire la situation de ce sup]be *a/eau1 lequel e/ app>5t et haut eslev comme une c\ronne et propugnacle ce/e gr&e ville1 il a e/ de t\t tems l'un des premi]s de ce royaume en beaut1 gr&eur1 et =t]esse p\r e/re assis sur un roc naturel1 v5teux1 non sujet la m9e1 ny escalade1 accompaign de son donjon1 au mitan duquel e/ eslevee une t\r c>ree d'une admirable grosseur et hauteur1 circuye de =tes murailles1 et aux co+s quatre grosses et hautes t\rs rondes plate =me plusieurs e/ages1 que l'on a nommees1 l'une le *eval blanc1 l'autre le *eval noir1 la ti]ce le *eval r\ge1 et la quatre le *eval grix1 lesquelles s]u5t p> aucunes fois p\r enf]m] les plus insignes voleurs1 les fossez de ce donion sont fonds de cuue comme ceux de ce *a/eau d'une ep\uantable pr(ondeur1 tellem5t qu'ils ne sont suiets l'escalade1 le belle ou basse c\rt de ce *a/eau e/ de si ample e/5due qu'on y peut mettre en ordre de bataille p\r combatre c9q ou six mil hommes de pi$1 et y peut on log] nombre de caual]ie p\r faire des saillies sur un camp adv]saire1 les croniques conti5n5t qu'il y a plusieurs villes en ,france mo9dres que ce *a/eau1 comme ,corbeil et ,mont ,f]ant1 i'y ai\/]ai ,qu>antan en basse ,norm&ie1 il y a si bon nombre de maisons et habitans1 qu'il conti5t une eglise p>ro*iale en son circuit fondee de sa9t ,george1 et deux *apeles1 l'une de sa9t ,gabriel1 et l'autre de sa9t ,agn51 son cont\r conti5t un bon nombre de c>neaux de visi]es et de t\rs1 et l'enclos du donion conti5t aussi nombre de c>neaux1 et quatre grosses t\rs sans celle du p>my1 il y a encores au de l du donjon une gr&e t]rasse1 qu'on appele la ,roque/e d'une admirable =t]esse de ramp>s1 puis une gr&e place que l'on appele la g>5ne conn9s1 o l'on peut mettre en seuret un bon nombre de be/aux p\r la f\rniture de viures de ce *a/eau durant un siege4 ,et la v]it les gr&s seigneurs et *efs de gu]re qui ont veu cette place1 la rem>qu5t1 et ti5n5t comme inexpugnables1 d'autant mme qu'elle e/ =tifiee de ramp>s de tr5te ou qu>ante pi$s de l>geur1 et ne se peut va9cre sans trahison1 faute de coeur ou de viures1 aussi noz ,rois y ont t\si\rs p\rueus de vaillans seigneurs et capita9es4 #hi ,anglo-,norman ,antiquities1 p4 #di4 #ij ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #agj4 #ia ,essais ,hi/oriques sur la ,ville de ,ca51 ,i4 p4 #hc4 #ib ,see ! ,description ( ! ,abbey ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 at ,ca51 p4 #cj4 ,,plates ,,xlix4--,,lii4 ,,ca!dral ,,at ,,r\54 ,illu/ration3 ,plates #di-ej4 ,,ca!dral ,,*ur* ,,( ,,notre ,,dame1 ,,at ,,r\54 ,s\? transept f ! ,place de la ,cal5de4 ,! m]it ( fir/ introduc+ ! light ( ,*ri/ianity into t "p ( ,france1 :i* has subsequ5tly be5 kn[n by ! diff]5t appellations ( ,we/ria1 ,neu/ria1 & ,norm&y1 is commonly attribut$ to ,/4 ,nicaise2 ^: "n is !re=e g5]ally p]mitt$ to /& at ! head ( ! prelates ( ! ar*iepiscopal see ( ,r\54 ,/4 ,nicaise1 accord+ to ! traditions ( ! ,norman *ur*1 liv$ ab\t ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury1 & 0 dispat*$ f ,rome1 9 company ) ! m illu/ri\s ,/4 ,d5is1 ^u an express mission f ,pope ,clem5t1 to prea* ! gospel at ,r\51 !n ! capital ( ! gallic tribe1 ! ,velocasses4 ,b x is admitt$ on all h&s1 t he nev] rea*$ ! place ( 8 de/9ation4 ,! _m miracles he wr\ght by ! way1 consi/+ pr9cipally ( ! de/ruction ( dragons#ic & conv]sion ( pagan prie/s1 _h r5d]$ him obnoxi\s to ,fesc5n9us1 ! ,roman gov]nor ( ! prov9ce2 & ! sa9t 0 consequ5tly doom$ to suff] ! pa9s1 n )\t receiv+ ! palm1 ( m>tyrdom4 ,illu/ration3 ,plates #ea-eb4 ,,ca!dral ,,*ur* ,,( ,,notre ,,dame1 ,,at ,,r\54 ,we/ front f ! ,place ,notre ,dame4 ,to ,nicaise1 succe$$ ,/4 ,mello1 a native ( ,engl&1 :o1 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duty1 to c>ry ! annual tribute f ,brita9 to ! ,roman emp]or1 0 conv]t$ by ! pontiff2 &1 if cr$it may be giv5 to ! leg5ds rec\nt$ by ,pomm]aye1#id 01 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,pope1 inve/$ by an angel f heav5 ) ! pa/oral /aff2 &1 at ! same "t1 enjo9$ to take ^u himself ! spiritual jurisdiction ov] ,r\5 & its vic9ity4 ,a mission ?us con/itut$1 & /ill f>!r v]ifi$ by ! gift ( miracles1 c\ld n fail ( ! desir$ end4 ,/4 ,mello n only succe$$ 9 conv]t+ ! l[] class ( ! pagans1 b he likewise reckon$ _m ( ! pr9cipal citiz5s among 8 disciples2 & "o ( ^!1 ( ! "n ( ,precordius1 c$$ to him 8 h\se1 on ! site ( :i* 0 built ! fir/ ,*ri/ian place ( wor%ip kn[n 9 ,r\54 ,h5ce1 9 ! foll[+ di/i*1 ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 entirely pass+ ov] ,nicaise1 places ,/4 ,mello at ! head ( ! l9e ( ! ,norman prelates3-- ,anti/es sanctus ,mellonus1 9 ord9e primus1 ,excoluit plebem doctr9 ,ro?omag5sem4-- ,( ! duration or hi/ory ( ! *ur* ?us erect$1 no?+ is kn[n2 b x is c]ta9 t1 f t "t =w>d1 ,*ri/ianity cont9u$ to ga9 gr\nd 9 ,norm&y1 & ! annals ( ! see h pres]v$ an un9t]rupt$ catalogue ( ! bi%ops4 ,inde$1 ! conv]sion ( ,con/ant9e1 :i* happ5$ only a few ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,/4 ,mello1 necess>ily gave a new aspect to ! religion ( ! ,roman empire4 ,succe$+ prelates are /at$ 9 g5]al t]ms to h manife/$ _! zeal1 9 build+ new *ur*es1 z well z 9 enl>g+ & ornam5t+ t ( ! capital2 & ,pomm]aye sugge/s1#ie b only z a matt] ( great probability1 t a second ca!dral 0 rais$ by ,victrice1 or "s "o ( 8 imm$iate successors1 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,) an equal1 or /ill /rong] degree ( probability1 x has be5 inf]r$ t1 admitt+ a new *ur* _h be5 erect$1 x c\ld n fail to h be5 de/roy$ dur+ ! incursions ( ! hea!n ,normans1 ^: track ?r\gh\t ,neu/ria 0 ev] m>k$ by fire & sword1 & ^: av>ice prompt$ !m1 no less p[]fully ?an _! sup]/ition1 to make ! religi\s edifices ! pr9cipal objects ( _! v5geance4 ,prior to ! arrival ( ^! b>b>ians1 ! ar*iepiscopal *air _h be5 fill$ by f\r prelates1 em95t = _! sanctity1 ,/4 ,god>d1 ,/4 ,pretextat1 ,/4 ,roma91 & ,/4 ,ou54 ,! second ( ^!1 assass9at$ be=e ! alt>1 at ! in/igation ( ,fr$egond1 que5 ( ,*ilp]ic1 holds ne>ly ! same place 9 ! m>tyrology ( ! ,gallican *ur*1 z ,?omas--,becket 9 t ( ,engl&4 ,/4 ,ou5 0 a prelate :o _h few rivals 9 munific5ce & spl5dor4 ,num]\s mona/]ies ?r\gh\t ! prov9ce1 &1 above all1 ! spl5did "o t bore 8 "n1 te/ify ! greatness ( 8 m9d1 z well z ! ext5t ( 8 p[]3 8 sov]eign1 ,dagob]t1 honor$ him ) 8 fri5d%ip1 & conf]r$ ^u him ! dignity ( *ancellor ( ! realm4 ,b ! fame ( ,/4 ,ou51 & ( all ! o!rs1 0 eclips$ by t ( ,/4 ,roma91 by virtue ( ^: privilege1 z x 0 g5]ally call$1 ! *apt] ( ! ca!dral cont9u$ till ! revolution annually to ex]cise ! "r ( deliv]+ a crim9al1 :atev] 8 (f5ce1 except treason1 f ! h& ( ! secul> p[]4 ,?is s+ul> privilege1 accord+ to g5]al tradition1 _h be5 e>n$ by ! de/ruction ( a dragon1 call$ ! ,g>g\ille1 :i* 0 long ! t]ror ( ! adjac5t c\ntry2 & 9 8 exp$ition ! sa9t _h be5 unable to procure himself any o!r aid ?an t ( a murd]]1 already "u s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,h5ce1 ! prelate has commonly be5 reg>d$ z little less ?an ! tutel> div9ity ( ! city4 ,portraits ( him1 all ( !m designat$ by ! att5dant dragon & crim9al1 7 to be se5 on ! celebrat$ w9d[s ( /a9$ glass 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,god>d1 z well z at ! entrance ( ! t[n by ! porte ,b\vreuil1 & probably 9 _m o!r places3 a build+ at ! top ( ! /aircase1 lead+ into ! clo?-hall1 0 call$ 8 *apel2 ano!r *apel is to ! pres5t day consecrat$ to him 9 ! ca!dral itself2 ! nor!rn t[] ( ! same build+ be>s 8 "n2 8 %r9e is /ill pres]v$ among ! *oice/ treasures ( ! sacri/y2 & ev5 ! bases ( "s ( ! pill>s ( ! nave are c>v$ into a fanciful resemblance ( ! fabul\s ,g>g\ille4 ,dom ,pomm]aye1 ?an :om no au?or 0 ev] m sup]/iti\s & m cr$ul\s1 at ! same "t t he t]ms ?is privilege "o ( ! mo/ valuable & mo/ noble rights ( ! *ur* ( ,r\51#if admits t ! orig9 ( x is lo/ 9 obscurity4 ,he adduces1 h[ev]1 an hi/orical docum5t1 to prove its exi/5ce dur+ ! reign ( ! ,norman ,dukes2 &1 :ile he c&idly /ates ! diff]5ce ( op9ion among le>n$ m5 on ! subject1 "s ( !m treat+ ! /ory z allegorical1 o!rs sett+ x :olly aside1 & reg>d+ ! privilege m]ely z a special act ( grace conc$$ to ! *ur*1 9 honor ( ! ,asc5sion1 on ! anniv]s>y ( :i* fe/ival x 0 ex]cis$1 he takes c>e to record 8 own firm belief 9 ! miracle1 & he calls ^u all pi\s ,*ri/ians to unite ) him 9 support+ its au!nticity4 ,^u ! conv]sion ( ,rollo to ,*ri/ianity1 & ! consequ5t erection ( ,norm&y into a di/9ct duk$om1 ,r\51 z ! metropolis ( ! new /ate1 necess>ily acquir$ additional importance1 & its *ur* additional lu/re4 ,que/ions h aris5 z to ! spot :]e ! fir/ *ur* 0 built1 b no d\bt is to be ent]ta9$ ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ca!dral1 dur+ ! reign ( ,rollo1 on ! same site :i* x occupies at pres5t2 = t pr9ce himself 0 buri$ 9 x1 z 0 8 son1 ,william ,longue-,epe1 & _! rema9s cont9ue !re till ?is "t#ig4 ,ri*>d ,i4 ! son ( ,william1 & 8 successor on ! ducal ?rone1 is expressly /at$ by ,dudo ( ,/4 ,qu9t91 to h made great additions1 bo? 9 l5g?1 wid?1 & height1 to ! admirable *ur* 7mirabile mona/]ium7 at ,r\51 d$icat$ to ! ,holy ,virg94#ih ,! same au?or says1 9 t]ms :i* admit ( no miscon/ruction1 t ,rob]t1 ! son to ?is ,duke1 :o 0 ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 & by ! spl5dor ( 8 works won to himself ! epi!t ( ! magnific5t1 complet$ ! *ur*1 by ! addition ( ! :ole *oir1 & by ! "w on ! ea/]n side4 ,! *ur*1 rais$ by ,rob]t1 0 d$icat$ by ,ar*bi%op ,maurilius1 9 #ajfc2 b its t]m ( duration appe>s to h be5 unacc\ntably %ort2 = x is record$ t1 aft] ! lapse ( less ?an a c5tury1 ! cl]gy ( ! ca!dral direct$ _! att5tion t[>ds ! build+ ( a new "o2 & t ! ye> #abjj _h n arriv$ be=e "s progress 0 already made 9 ! execution ( _! plan4 ,all precise dates1 h[ev]1 connect$ ) ?is subject1 are lo/3 ! v>i\s w>s t h ravag$ ?is "p ( ,france2 ! num]\s sieges to :i* ! city ( ,r\5 itself has be5 expos$2 & ! repeat$ *anges ( ma/]s x has und]gone2--^!1 ) ! addition ( occasional injuries f fire & pillage1 h effectually de/roy$ ! ar*ives ( ! t[n & ca!dral4 ,au?ors h diff]$ /rangely reg>d+ ! rema9s ( ! *ur* erect$ by ! ,norman ,dukes4 ,"s ( !m1 & inde$ ! great] numb]1 ass]t t no small "p ( ! /ructure n[ 9 exi/5ce belong$ to ! build+ consecrat$ by ,maurilius3 o!rs ma9ta91 t n "o /one ( ?is latt] has be5 left ^u ano!r4 ,! tru? seems to be1 t a small portion ( ! ea/]n side ( ! pres5t nor!rn t[]1 kn[n by ! "n ( ! t[] ( ,/4 ,roma91 is really ( ,norman workman%ip1 b t no?+ else ?r\gh\t ! ca!dral is s1 except+1 possibly1 ! lat]al doorways 9 ! we/]n front4 ,! :ole ( ! t[] j m5tion$1 up to its highe/ ti] ( w9d[s1 is evid5tly ! mo/ anci5t "p ( ! build+1 & is app>5tly ( ! ar*itecture ( ! latt] "p ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! *ur*1 consid]$ collectively1 is s obvi\sly ! "w ( diff]5t ras1 t !re c be little risk 9 haz>d+ ! ass]tion1 t x has be5 rais$ by piece-meal1 on v>i\s occasions1 z may ei!r h be5 sugge/$ by ! piety ( pot5tates & prelates1 or may h be5 requir$ by ! /ate ( religion or ( ! edifice itself4 ,:at is kn[n z to ! dates ( ! build+ is1 t ! s\!rn t[] 0 begun 9 #adhe1 & complet$ 9 #aejg2 t ! fir/ /one ( ! c5tral portal 0 laid 9 #aeji2 & t ! ,lady-,*apel1 ?\gh comm5c$ dur+ "s ( ! e>lie/ ye>s ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & f9i%$ 9 ! middle ( ! fifte5?1 conta9s "w ( ! ye> #aech4 ,at ?is la/ p]iod1 ,c>d9al ,georges d',amboise re/or$ ! ro( ( ! *oir1 :i* _h be5 injur$ 9 #aead1 by ! de/ruction ( ! spire4 ,! squ>e %ort c5tral t[] 0 erect$ ,a4,d4 #abjj3 x replac$ "o t _h be5 damag$ eighty ye>s be=e1 :5 ! orig9al /one spire ( ! *ur* 0 /ruck by lightn+4 ,f t "t =w>d1 no attempt _h be5 made to rebuild ! spire1 except ) wood1 ( :i* mat]ial1 t n[ 9 exi/5ce is ! second4 ,! fir/ 0 de/roy$ by a fire1 occasion$ by ! neglig5ce ( plumb]s1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 ! pres5t suff]$ mat]ial injury f a simil> accid5t1 9 #agac1 & n>r[ly escap$ entire de/ruction4 ,! we/]n front ( ! ca!dral1 repres5t$ 9 plate fifty-"o1 (f]s a t\t-ensemble ( ! mo/ impos+ "*4 ,! v discrepancy 9 ! diff]5t p>ts1 by increas+ ! v>iety1 adds to ! effect ( ! :ole4 ,all1 ) ! exception ( ! nor!rn t[]1 is ri*1 ev5 to exub]ance2 & ! simplicity ( ?is1 at ! same "t t x appe>s to lay claim to a c]ta9 dignity = itself1 places 9 a /rong] light ! gorge\s spl5dor ( ! re/4 ,! opposite t[]1 ! "w ( ! celebrat$ ,c>d9al ,georges d',amboise1 & =m]ly ! receptacle ( ! great bell t bore 8 "n1 commonly passes by ! appellation ( ! ,t\r de ,beurre4 ,tradition tells1 or1 to use ! words ( ,dom ,pomm]aye1 e body kn[s t x obta9$ ?is "n f its be+ built ) ! money rais$ f ! indulg5ce grant$ by ! ,c>d9al1 ,william d',e/\teville1 to ! pi\s ca?olics ?r\gh\t ! dioceses ( ,r\5 & ,evreux1 all[+ !m to make use ( milk & butt] dur+ ,l5t1 :5 oil only c\ld o!rwise h be5 employ$ by way ( sauce to vegetables & fi%4 ,! bull issu$ ^u ! occasion1 by ,pope ,innoc5t ,,viii4 is /at$ to be /ill 9 exi/5ce4#ii ,! ar*itecture ( ?is t[] may almo/ be reg>d$ z ! p]fection ( :at has be5 call$ ! decorat$ ,engli% /yle3 x is copi\sly enri*$ ) p9nacles & /atues1 & t]m9ates 9 a beautiful octagonal cr[n ( op5 /one-"w4 ,its height is two hundr$ & ?irty ,fr5* feet4#ajj ,! c5tral portal1 = ! erection ( :i* ! ca!dral is likewise indebt$ to its great b5efactor1 ,georges d',amboise1 projects beautifully & boldly1 l a por*1 be=e ! re/3 e side ( x is fill$ ) ni*es1 ti] ov] ti]1 all cr[d$ ) endless figures ( sa9ts & m>tyrs4 ,9 ! middle ( x rises a pyramidal canopy ( op5 /one-"w2 & ^u ! wide transom-/one ov] ! door1 is sculptur$ ! g5ealogical tree ( ,*ri/1 aris+ f ! root ( ,jesse4 ,! c>v+ ov] ! nor? entrance is yet m peculi>1 & evid5tly f> old]4 ,x repres5ts ! decapitation ( ! ,bapti/1 ) ,salome danc+ 9 an attitude1 :i* p]*ance 0 (t5 assum$ by ! tombe/]es ( ! eld] day2 af=d+1 by h] position1 a graphical comm5t ^u ! ,anglo-,saxon v]sion ( ! text1 9 :i* x is said1 t %e tumbl$ be=e ,k+ ,h]od4#aja ,f\r turrets flank ! c5tral portal3 "o ( !m only is n[ capp$ by a spire3 ! p9nacles ( ! rema9+ ?ree 7 swept away by a /orm :i* trav]s$ ,norm&y = a consid]able ext5t1 on ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,june1 #afhc1 m>k+ its progress ) a deva/ation t is sc>cely to be conceiv$4#ajb ,! spire ( ! c5tral t[]1 h[ev] vaunt$ & admir$ by ! ,fr5* !mselves1 looks to an unprejudic$ eye mean & %abby2 & pr9cipally f its be+ made ( wood1 :i* ill accords ) ! app>5t solidity ( ! re/ ( ! build+4 ,! entrances to ! transepts1 h[ev] inf]ior 9 spl5dor to ! gr& we/]n front1 are /ill n su* z to disgrace x2 &1 consid]$ att5tively z to _! sculptur$ m$allions1 !y are ev5 m curi\s4 ,! nor!rn "o is approa*$ ?r\gh a passage l9$ ) r[s ( ! meane/ h\ses1 =m]ly ! %ops ( transcrib]s & calligraphi/s2 & h5ce ! s+ul> gate-way t incloses ! c\rt1 passes commonly "u ! "n ( ,le ,portail des ,libraires4 ,! opposite transept1 7see plate =ty-n9e17 is call$ ,le ,portail de la ,cal5de1 an appellation borr[$ f ! ,place de la ,cal5de1 ^u :i* x op5s2 & :i*1 ?\gh 9 reality f> f spaci\s1 appe>s altoge!r s by comp>ison4 ,on ea* side ( ! entrances to bo? ! transepts1 is a l(ty squ>e t[]1 su* z are usually se5 only 9 ! we/]n front ( a ca!dral2 ! upp] /ory p]=at$ by a gigantic w9d[1 divid$ by a s+le mullion or c5tral pill>1 n exce$+ "o foot 9 circumf]5ce1 & ne>ly sixty feet 9 height4 ,^! w9d[s are entirely op52 & ! ar*itect nev] int5d$ !y %\ld be glaz$4 ,an extraord9>y play ( light & %ade results f ?is con/ruction4#ajc ,! rose w9d[s1 :i* are plac$ z well ov] ! entrances ( ! transepts1 z ov] ! great] "o to ! we/1 are no less magnific5t 9 _! dim5sions1 ?an beautiful 9 _! patt]ns1 & gorge\s 9 _! colors4 ,mu* ( ! /a9$ glass ( ! ca!dral is also v ri*4 ,mr4 ,dibd91 9 8 spl5didly-illu/rat$ ,t\r1#ajd rem>ks ) mu* ju/ice1 t a p]son1 on ent]+ ! *ur* by ! we/]n door1 _c fail to be /ruck ) ! l5g? & l(t9ess ( ! nave1 & ) ! lightness ( ! gall]y :i* runs along ! upp] "p ( x1 & :i* is cont9u$ also ?r\gh\t ! *oir4 ,he goes on to add1 p]haps ! nave is too n>r[ = its l5g?4 ,! lant]n ( ! c5tral l>ge t[] is beautifully light & /rik+4 ,x is support$ by f\r massive clu/]$ pill>s1 ab\t =ty feet 9 circumf]5ce2 b ! eye1 on look+ d[nw>ds1 is %ock$ at ! ta/eless division ( ! *oir f ! nave1 by :at is call$ a ,grecian scre52 & ! int]ior ( ! transepts has also und]gone a l ta/eless re/oration4 ,! ca!dral at ,r\5 0 ! burial-place ( _m m5 ( em95ce & di/9ction4 ,rollo & ,william ,longue ,epe h already be5 m5tion$ z int]r$ "h4 ,! *ur* also conta9$ ! lion-he>t ( ! fir/ ,engli% ,ri*>d1 & ! rema9s ( 8 eld] bro!r1 ,h5ry2 toge!r ) ^? ( ,william1 son ( ,ge(frey ,plantag5et2 ( ! ,reg5t ,duke ( ,b$=d2 & ( ,*>les ,v4 ( ,france4 ,! tombs ( ^!1 & ( v>i\s o!r individuals ( high rank1 are describ$ at l5g? by ,pomm]aye2 b ! outrages ( ! ,calv9i/s & ! democrats1 add$ to ! removals occasion$ by ! alt]ations made at v>i\s times 9 ! build+1 h n[ de/roy$ ne>ly ! :ole ( !m1 except+ ^? rais$ to ! two ,c>d9als ,d',amboise1 bo? ( !m ar*bi%ops ( ,r\51 & t :i* commemorates ,l\is de ,brez1 ,gr& ,s5es*al ( ,norm&y4 ,^! monum5ts are plac$ on opposite sides ( ! ,lady-,*apel2 ! =m] z conspicu\s = its _m sumptu\s ornam5ts1 z ! latt] = its *a/e simplicity4 ,! ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 prior to ! revolution1 took ! title ( ,primate ( ,neu/ria2 & 8 spiritual jurisdiction !n ext5d$ ov] six suffragans1 ! bi%ops ( ,bayeux1 ,avran*es1 ,evreux1 ,sez1 ,lisieux1 & ,c\tances4 ,n _m ye>s previ\sly1 x _h also embrac$ ! ,canadian *ur*es1 toge!r ) ! :ole ( ,fr5* ,nor?-,am]ica2 b ! appo9tm5t ( a bi%op at ,quebec1 depriv$ x ( its trans-atlantic sway2 & ! concordat1 9 ! "t ( ,napolon1 r$uc$ ! numb] ( ! suffragan prelates to f\r1 tak+ ! mitres f ,avran*es & ,lisieux4 ,a /ill m important alt]ation has be5 occasion$ by mod]n times1 9 ! ar*iepiscopal rev5ues4 ,x _h be5 cu/om>y ?r\gh\t ,france1 be=e ! rec5t *anges1 9 speak+ ( ! see ( ,r\51 to designate x by ! epi!t1 ri*2 an appellation t w\ld n[ be w(ully misappli$4 ,! ar*bi%op !n possess$1 9 addition to ! usual s\rces ( ecclesia/ical income1 a peculi> privilege1 entitl$ ! "r ( ,dport2 by virtue ( :i*1 he claim$ ! receipt ( ! fir/ ye>'s proce$s ( e b5efice :i* might become vacant 9 8 diocese1 :e!r by ! resignation or dea? ( ! incumb5t4#aje ,a /ation s enviable z t ( ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 has be5 at almo/ all times 9 ! h&s ( "s individual belong+ to "o ( ! pr9cipal families ( ! k+dom4 ,among o!rs1 ^? ( ,luxemb\rg1 ,b\rbon1 ,d',e/\teville1 ,d',amboise1 ,joyeuse1 ,h>lay1 ,colb]t1 & ,tressan1 h successively held x4 ,to sum up ! catalogue1 9 ! words ( ,pomm]aye1 ! ca!dral has furni%$ _m sa9ts = heav51 "o pope = ! apo/olic *air1 & ?irte5 c>d9als to ! *ur*2 n9e ( its prelates h belong$ to ! royal family ( ,france2 & _m o!rs1 em95t = _! bir?1 h be5 /ill m s = _! own m]it1 & = ! s]vices !y h r5d]$ to ! ca?olic *ur* & ! /ate4 ,,notes3 #ic ,! de/roy+ ( dragons1 or fi]y s]p5ts1 or simil> mon/]s1 appe>s to h be5 ! mo/ common ( all miracles1 9 ! e>ly ages ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,aft] ! exploits ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,/4 ,m>g>et1 & ,/4 ,george1 ecclesia/ical hi/ory ab\nds 9 simil> leg5ds4 ,/4 ,roma91 ,/4 ,m>cel1 ,/4 ,julian1 ,/4 ,m>tial1 ,/4 ,b]tr&1 ,/4 ,m>?a1 & ,/4 ,clem5t1 make b a small proportion ( ! sa9ts :o di/+ui%$ !mselves by ^! acts ( pi\s h]oism4 ,! dragons ( ,r\5 & ( ,metz 7 ( suffici5t celebrity to acquire ! di/9ct names ( ! ,g>g\ille1 & ! ,gra\illi4--,x has be5 commonly suppos$1 t ^! v>i\s miracles 7 allegorical1 & int5d$ to typify ! conf9+ ( riv]s )9 _! *annels1 or ! limit+ ( ! incursions ( ! sea4 ,o!r au?ors h be5 incl9$ to acc\nt = _! preval5ce1 z hav+ ref]5ce to ! sun1 or to a/ronomical phnom5a2 b surely ! mo/ simple & satisfactory mode ( expla9+ !m1 lies 9 consid]+ ! dragon z ! emblem ( evil1 & ! v>i\s victories ga9$ ov] dragons1 z s _m conque/s obta9$ by virtue ov] vice4--,a consid]able fund ( curi\s in=mation1 on ?is subject1 w be f\nd 9 ! ,magas9 ,encyclopdique = ,janu>y1 #ahab1 p4 #a-bd1 9 a pap] by ,m4 ,eusbe ,salv]te1 entitl$ ,lg5des du ,moy5 ,age4 #id ,hi/oire des ,ar*evques de ,r\51 p4 #dj4 #ie ,hi/oire de la ,ca?drale de ,r\51 p4 #ai4 #if ,hi/oire de la ,ca?drale de ,r\51 p4 #fbe4 #ig ,n1 h[ev]1 9 ! id5tical spot 9 :i* !y 7 orig9ally deposit$3 !y 7 at fir/ laid 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! high alt>1 b 71 be=e ! close ( ! elev5? c5tury1 remov$ to ! situations !y n[ occupy1 9 *apels on opposite sides ( ! upp] end ( ! nave4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( _! tombs1 ) ! /atues & inscriptions1 is transcrib$ f ,gilb]t's ,description ,hi/orique de l',eglise de ,notre ,dame de ,r\51 p4 #eg3--,le tombeau de ,rollon e/ plac dans un enfoncem5t c9tr1 pratiqu dans le mur de la *apelle2 il consi/e en un s>cophage de /uc1 m>bre de ,portor1 sur lequel se voit la /atue c\*e de ce pr9ce1 dont la tte e/ appuye sur un c\ss94 ,rollon e/ vtu d'une longue tunique1 p>-dessus laquelle e/ un manteau c\leur de p\rpre1 ou espce de *lamyde atta*e l'paule droite2 il porte sur sa tte une c\ronne4 ,cette /atue a t un peu mutile4 ,au-dessus de l'arcade dans laquelle e/ le tombeau1 on lit l'inscription suivante1 grave en lettres d'or sur un m>bre noir3 ,,hic ,,positus ,,e/ ,,rollo ,,normanni ,a ,,se ,,t]ritae ,,va/at ,,re/itut ,,primus ,,dux ,,conditor ,,pat] ,a ,,francone ,,ar*iep4 ,,rotom4 ,,baptizatus ,,anno ,,dccccxiii ,,obiit ,,anno ,,dccccxvii ,,ossa ,,ipsius ,,9 ,,vet]i ,,sanctu>io ,,nunc ,,capite ,,navis ,,primum ,,condita1 ,,translato ,,alt>i1 ,,collocata ,,sunt ,a ,b4 ,,maurilio ,,ar*iep4 ,,rotom4 ,,an4 ,,mlxiii4 ,au-dessus de cette inscription e/ une urne en /uc1 m>bre de ,portor4 ,l'ar*ivolte de l'arcade e/ en /uc blanc ve9 de gris1 a9si que le lambris qui dcore le p\rt\r de la *apelle4 ,t\s ces ouvrages sont mod]nes1 l'exception de la /atue du duc ,rollon1 qui p>oit avoir t excute dans le treizime sicle4 ,dans la *apelle de ,sa9t-,anne1 situe de l'autre ct de la nef1 se voit le tombeau de ,guillaume ,longue-,epe1 fils de ,rollon1 et second duc de ,norm&ie1 mort victime de la plus infme trahison1 dans l'entrevue qu'il eut ,pecquigny1 le #ah ,dcembre1 #idd1 avec ,arn\l1 comte de ,fl&res4 ,le corps du duc ,guillaume fut apport ,r\5 et inhum dans la ca?drale4 ,voyez ,s]v91 ,hi/4 de ,r\51 tom4 ,i4 p4 #aah et #aai4 ,sur le s>cophage en /uc1 m>bre de ,portor1 e/ place la /atue du duc1 vtu d'une longue tunique1 et t5ant la ma9 un sceptre qui a t mutil4 ,au-dessus de l'arcade enfonce1 dans laquelle e/ la spulture du pr9ce1 on lit l'inscription suivante1 grave en lettres d'or sur un m>bre noir3 ,,hic ,,positus ,,e/ ,,guillelmus ,,dictus ,,longa ,,spata ,,rollonis ,,filius ,,dux ,,normanni ,,proditorie ,,occisus ,,dccccxxxxiv ,,ossa ,,ipsius ,,9 ,,vet]i ,,sanctu>io1 ,,ubi ,,nunc ,,e/ ,,caput ,,navis ,,primum ,,condita1 ,,translato ,,alt>i1 ,,hic ,,collocata ,,sunt ,a ,b4 ,,maurilio ,,ar*iepisc4 ,,rotom4 ,,anno ,,mlxiii4 #ih ,rotomag5si namque urbe 9 honore g5etricis ,dei ampliavit mirabile mona/]ium1 longitud9is1 latitud9isque1 atque altitud9is honorific exspatiatum increm5to4--,du*esne1 ,scriptores ,normanni1 p4 #aec4 #ii ,pomm]aye1 ,hi/oire de l',eglise ,ca?drale de ,r\51 p4 #cf4 #ajj ,! foll[+ are ! dim5sions ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! ca!dral1 9 ,fr5* measure1 copi$ f ,mr4 ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #adg3-- ,,feet4 ,l5g? ( ! int]ior #djh ,wid? ( ditto #hh ,l5g? ( nave #baj ,wid? ( ditto #bg ,ditto ( aisles #ae ,l5g? ( *oir #aaj ,wid? ( ditto #ce-a_/b ,ditto ( transept #be-a_/b ,l5g? ( ditto #afd ,ditto ( ,lady-,*apel #hh ,wid? ( ditto #bh ,height ( spire #chj ,ditto ( t[]s at ! we/ end #bcj ,ditto ( nave #hd ,ditto ( aisles & *apels #db ,ditto ( int]ior ( c5tral t[] #aeb ,dep? ( *apels #aj #aja ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #aci4--,! m5tion ( ?is sculpture af=ds an opportunity ( po9t+ out :at appe>s a s+ul> error on ! "p ( ! late ,m4 ,mill91 9 8 ,voyage dans les ,dp>tem5s du ,midi de la ,france4 ,he has figur$1 9 ! atlas to t "w1 plate twelve1 a bas-relief ( ! elev5? c5tury1 repres5t+ ! assass9ation ( ,c\nt ,dalmace1 by ! h&s ( 8 son-9-law1 ,rob]t ,i4 ,duke ( ,burgundy2 &1 9 ! l[] comp>tm5t1 conta9+ a banquet1 he expla9s "o ( ! figures 7,i4 p4 #aij7 to be ! ,e>l fall+ f ! table2 :]eas1 a comp>ison ) ! sculpture at ,r\5 w sc>cely leave a d\bt1 t x 0 design$ = a danc+-girl1 introduc$ = ! amusem5t ( ! company4 #ajb ,pomm]aye1 ,hi/oire de l',eglise ,ca?drale de ,r\51 p4 #cc4 #ajc ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #add4 #ajd ,bibliographical1 ,antiqu>ian1 & ,picturesque ,t\r 9 ,france & ,g]many1 ,i4 p4 #ej4 #aje ,pomm]aye1 ,hi/oire des ,ar*evques de ,r\51 p4 #bb4 ,,plate ,,liii4 ,,crypt ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,g]vais1 ,,at ,,r\54 ,x has be5 inf]r$1 & ) mu* app>5t probability1 f ! sil5ce ( ,julius ,cs>1 t ! pr\d capital ( ,norm&y _h ei!r no exi/5ce 9 ! "t ( t g5]al1 or 0 at mo/ only a place ( small importance4 ,!re h n1 h[ev]1 be5 want+1 among ! hi/orians ( ,r\51 "s1 :o1 jeal\s1 z usual1 = ! honor ( _! city1 ascribe to x an antiquity beyond ! deluge1 & tru/ to ! latt] half ( its classical "n1 = be>+ !m out 9 ! ass]tion1 t its f\ndations 7 laid by ,magus1 ! son & successor ( ,samo!s1 fir/ k+ ( ,gaul4 ,o!rs1 m mod]ate1 h cont5t$ !mselves ) ! belief1 t1 al?\gh ,cs> does n make m5tion ( ,ro?omagus1 !re is /ill no reason to "q its exi/5ce be=e ! ,*ri/ian ra1 or to d\bt t x 0 !n ! *ief t[n ( ! ,velocasses1 z ,lillebonne 0 ( ! neighbor+ tribe ( ! ,caletes1 ! inhabitants ( ! pres5t ,pays de ,caux4 ,x is at lea/ kn[n ) c]ta9ty1 t1 9 ! division ( ,gaul1 :i* took place n v long aft]w>ds1 into sev5te5 prov9ces1 ,r\5 became ! metropolis ( ! ,lugdun5sis ,secunda2 & t1 f t "t =w>ds1 x cont9u$ gradually to rise 9 consequ5ce1 till ! e/abli%m5t ( ,neu/ria into an indep5d5t sov]eignty /amp$ x ) ! title ( ! capital ( a nation4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ,r\5 c %ew sc>cely any rema9s ( ,roman antiquity3 ! wide wa/e ( all-dev\r+ ye>s1 has effac$ ^? ve/iges :i* t p[]ful p seldom fail$ to h impress$1 :]ev] _! dom9ion _h once be5 firmly e/abli%$4 ,! small *ur* ( ,/4 ,g]vais1 d]ives !re=e a peculi> int]e/1 z exhibit+ pro(s1 suffici5tly decid$1 ?\gh f> f important1 ( a connection ) ,italy4 ,^! pro(s re/ pr9cipally ^u ! ,roman bricks & o!r dbris1 "s ( !m rudely sculptur$1 :i* h be5 employ$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! pi]s ( ! crypt1 & ^u ! sculpture ( ! capitals ( "s columns on ! ext]ior ( ! apsis4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,g]vais is situat$ at a %ort di/ance )\t ! walls ( ,r\51 ^u a slight em95ce1 adjo9+ ! ,roman road to ,lillebonne1 & ne> a ris+ gr\nd1 commonly call$ ! ,mont aux ,malades1 z hav+ be51 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 ! site ( a mona/]y1 de/9$ = ! reception ( lep]s4 ,accord+ to ,f>91#ajf ! *ur* 0 orig9ally an abbey1 & is expressly recogniz$ z su* 9 a *>t] ( ,duke ,ri*>d ,,ii4 dat$ ,a4,d4 #ajbj2 9 :i*1 among o!r donations to 8 favorite mona/]y at ,fcamp1 he enum]ates1 item ,abbatiam ,sancti ,g]vasii1 qu e/ juxta civitatem ,ro?omagum1 et quicquid ad ipsam p]t9et4 ,! au?ors ( ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana#ajg add t1 at ! "t :5 ?is abbey 0 conf]r$ ^u ,fcamp1 x 0 tak5 f ! monks ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,*>tres4 ,two c5turies subsequ5tly1 ,/4 ,g]vais appe>s to h sunk into ! rank ( a simple priory1 "u ! imm$iate control ( ! monks ( ,fcamp1 :o assum$ ! title ( its priors4 ,9 process ( "t1 ! /ill humbl] "n & dignity ( a p>o*ial *ur* 7 alone left2 b ! p]iod at :i* ?is la/ *ange took place1 is n record$4 ,! abbot ( ,fcamp cont9u$1 h[ev]1 till ! p]iod ( ! revolution1 to ex]cise spiritual jurisdiction ov] :at 0 t]m$ ! b>ony ( ,/4 ,g]vais2 includ+ n only ?is s+le p>i%2 b "s o!rs dep5d5t ^u x4 ,he nom9at$ to ! liv+s1 direct$ ! religi\s e/abli%m5ts1 _h entire control ov] ! prisons1 & 0 entitl$ to all privileges aris+ f ! fair ( ,/4 ,g]vais1 :i* 0 annually held at ,r\51 9 ! ,fauxb\rg ,cau*oise1 on ! tw5tie? ( ,june4 ,x is ev5 on record1 t 9 ! ye> #adjj1 ! abbot v5tur$ ^u ! bold exp]im5t ( =bidd+ ,william de ,vi5ne1 !n ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 ei!r to c>ry 8 cross1 or to give 8 b5$iction )9 ! prec9cts ( 8 jurisdiction2 b s d>+ an assumption ( p[] 0 n to be tol]at$1 & ! matt] 0 accord+ly ref]r$ to ! p>liam5t ( ,p>is1 :o decid$ 9 ?is in/ance aga9/ ! abbot4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ec4 ,,crypt ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,g]vais ,,at ,,r\54 ,adjo9+ to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,g]vais1 /ood orig9ally "o ( ! palaces ( ! ,norman ,dukes & x 0 to ?is#ajh t ,william ! ,conqu]or caus$ himself to be convey$1 :5 attack$ ) 8 mortal illness1 aft] hav+ wantonly r$uc$ ! t[n ( ,mantes to a%es4 ,"h1 too1 t mighty mon>* brea!d 8 la/1 & left a sad w>n+ to future conqu]ors2 des]t$ by 8 fri5ds & physicians1 ! mom5t he 0 no m2 :ile 8 m5ials plund]$ 8 prop]ty1 & 8 body lay nak$ & des]t$ 9 ! hall4 ,! ducal palace1 & ! mona/ic build+s1 are n[ :olly de/roy$4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! *ur* /ill rema9s1 & pres]ves "s portions ( ! orig9al /ructure1 m int]e/+ f _! features ?an _! ext5t4 ,! ext]ior ( ! apsis is v curi\s3 x is obtusely angul>1 & fac$ at ! corn]s ) l>ge rude columns1 ( ^: capitals1 "s are ,doric & ,cor9?ian1 o!rs z wild z ! fancies ( ! ,norman lords ( ! c\ntry4 ,none rea* s high z ! cornice ( ! ro(2 x hav+ be5 ! design ( ! orig9al ar*itect1 t a portion ( "w %\ld int]v5e betwe5 ! summits ( ! capitals & ?is memb]4 ,a capital to ! nor? is rem>kable = ! eagles c>v$ ^u x1 z if ) "s allusion to ,roman p[]4 ,b ! mo/ s+ul> "p ( ?is *ur* is ! crypt "u ! apsis1 repres5t$ 9 ! plate2 a room ab\t ?irty feet long1 by f\rte5 wide1 & sixte5 high1 ( extreme simplicity1 & remote antiquity4 ,r\nd x runs a pla9 /one b5*2 & x is divid$ into two unequal p>ts by a circul> ar*1 devoid ( columns or ( any ornam5t :atev]4 ,"h1 accord+ to ,ord]icus ,vitalis1#aji 0 int]r$ ! body ( ,/4 ,mello1 ! fir/ ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 & "o ( ! apo/les ( ,neu/ria2 & "h 8 tomb1 & t ( 8 successor1 ,aviti51 are %ewn to ?is day1 9 pla9 ni*es1 on opposite sides ( ! wall4 ,/4 ,mello's rema9s1 h[ev]1 7 n suff]$ to re/ 9 peace2 =1 ab\t five hundr$ & sev5ty ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 :i* happ5$ 9 ! ye> #cad1 !y 7 remov$ to ! ca/le ( ,pontoise1 le/ ! canoniz$ corpse %\ld be violat$ by ! hea!n ,normans4 ,! exi/5ce ( ^! tombs1 & ! antiquity ( ! crypt1 record$ z x is by hi/ory1 & confirm$ by ! /yle ( its ar*itecture1 h giv5 curr5cy to ! tradition1 :i* po9ts x out z ! only temple :]e ! primitive ,*ri/ians ( ,neu/ria d>$ to assemble = ! p]=mance ( div9e s]vice4 ,_m /one c(f9s h also be5 discov]$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! *ur*4 ,^! s>cophagi s]ve to confirm ! g5]al tradition2 !y are ( ! simple/ =m1 & app>5tly z anci5t z ! crypt2 & !y 7 s plac$ 9 ! gr\nd1 t ! heads ( ! corpses 7 turn$ to ! ea/1 a position d5ot+ t ! dead receiv$ ,*ri/ian burial4 ,,notes3 #ajf ,hi/oire de la ,ville de ,r\51 v4 p4 #a4 #ajg ,,xi4 p4 #abd4 ,a4 #ajh ,! :ole ( ! rema9d] ( ?is article is transcrib$ f ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #abe4 #aji ,du*esne1 ,scriptores ,normanni1 p4 #eeh4 ,,plate ,,liv4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,paul1 ,,at ,,r\54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ed4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,paul1 ,,at ,,r\54 ,ea/ ,end4 ,next to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,g]vais1 t ( ,/4 ,paul is ! mo/ int]e/+ relic ( anci5t ar*itecture among ! ecclesia/ical build+s at ,r\54 ,inde$1 x may be consid]$ z ! only o!r ( an e>ly date2 ! r\nd t[] atta*$ to ! abbatial *ur* ( ,/4 ,ou5#aaj be+ altoge!r inconsid]able1 & indebt$ = its pr9cipal int]e/ to its connection ) an abbey end[$ ) su* ext5sive possessions1 & gift$ ) s mu* report$ sanctity4 ,! f\ndation ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,paul is ( v remote antiquity3 x is said to h be5 laid by ,/4 ,roma91 9 memory ( 8 great victory ov] hea!nism1 :51 triumphant1 he erect$ ! bann] ( ! cross ^u ! a%es ( ! temple ( ,v5us4 ,impure 0 ! goddess1 & mo/ impure 7 h] rites2 s t1 to use ! words ( ,taillepi$1 9 speak+ ( ?is same temple1 l d$ans la jeunesse1 bride avalle1 s\loit se s\ill] et pollu] p> ordre luxure et paill>dise abom9able1 ne ayant g>d qu'auprs de ce lieu y avoit un repaire de mal9s esprits qui faisoy5t sortir une fume tant puante et infecte que la mortalit s'en ensuyvoit p> aprs4 ,?is v rem>k conc]n+ ! infecti\s vapor1 seems decisive z to ! feet ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,paul occupy+ ! site ( ! pagan fane4 ,x /&s )\t ! walls ( ! t[n1 ^u elevat$ gr\nd1 at a v %ort di/ance to ! "r ( ! b>ri] bel[ ,mont ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 on ! road to ,p>is1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( "s m9]al spr+s1 /rongly impregnat$ ) iron4 ,prior to ! revolution1 ! *ur* 0 "u ! jurisdiction ( ! mona/]y ( ,montivilli]s4 ,! abbess _h ! "r ( nom9ation to ! vacant b5efice2 &1 till ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 %e 0 9 ! habit ( reg>d+ ,/4 ,paul's z a priory1 & fix+ !re a colony ( h] nuns4 ,b !y 7 all recall$ 9 #afej1 & 7 nev] aft]w>ds succe$$ by a fre% e/abli%m5t4 ,respect+ ! v>i\s *anges ( ! edifice1 ,f>9 cont5ts himself ) ! brief rem>k1 t x 0 repeat$ly de/roy$ dur+ ! w>s1 & rebuilt by ! lib]ality ( ! ,norman ,dukes4#aaa ,! ea/]n "p ( :at is n[ /&+ is evid5tly ( ,norman "t2 &1 ar*itecturally consid]$1 x is a mo/ curi\s specim51 be+ probably ! only *ur* 9 exi/5ce :i* t]m9ates to ! ea/ 9 ?ree semi-circul> comp>tm5ts4 ,( ^!1 ! c5tral division is consid]ably ! mo/ l(ty1 z well z ! mo/ prom95t2 & ! arrangem5t ( ! corbel-table1 :i* is c>ri$ equally r\nd !m all1 proves t x mu/ always h be5 s4 ,! sculpture ( ?is corbel-table is view$ by ! ,norman antiqu>ies ) peculi> int]e/3 "s ( ! heads1 ) widely di/5d$ jaws1 beset ) tee? ( enorm\s size1 repres5t wolves2 o!rs1 ) human features & :isk]$ upp] lips1 are suppos$ to be int5d$ = ! ,saxon foe1 :o1 at ! "t ( ! ,norman invasion1 7 induc$1 we are told1 by ! smoo? faces ( _! oppon5ts1 to ent]ta9 ! errone\s belief1 t ! approa*+ ho/ 0 b an army ( prie/s4 ,mr4 ,cotman1 :o has obs]v$ 9 simil> situations1 9 _m o!r p>ts ( ,norm&y1 faces equally %ad[$ ) :isk]s1 has be5 l$ to ! suspicion1 t !y 7 int5d$ 9 d]ision ( ! ,saxons4 ,int]nally1 ! triple circul> end+ ( ! *ur* is no long] obs]vable4 ,bo? ( ! lat]al divisions are p>t$ (f at ! extremity1 & =m$ into di/9ct ap>tm5ts3 ! s\!rn is appli$ to ! purpose ( a sacri/y1 :ile ! nor!rn s]ves m]ely z a lumb]-room4 ,! nave1 :i* is ?rice ! wid? ( ! *ancel1 & is cle>ly ( a date comp>atively mod]n1 is sep>at$ f ! m ea/]n portion ( ! build+ by a semi-circul> ar*4 ,! sculpture ^u ! capitals appe>s ( ,roman design3 t on "o ( !m1 exhibits a r[ ( graceful figures 9 a pure classical ta/e1 int5t ^u "s action1 b s mu* mutilat$1 t x w\ld be n[ no easy task to conjecture ! object ( ! arti/4 ,! aisles ( ! *ancel are divid$ f ! c5tral comp>tm5t by d\ble ar*es1 a l>g] & a small] be+ unit$ toge!r1 all ( !m semi-circul>1 & all ( ! ,norman /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,atta*$ to ! ea/]n end ( ! *ur*1 )9 ! lumb]-room j m5tion$1 /&s a piece ( ,roman sculpture1 suppos$ by ,m4 ,le ,prevo/ to h s]v$ orig9ally = an alt>4 ,mr4 ,turn] has giv5 a figure ( x 9 8 ,t\r2 & he conjectures1 t x 0 ( ! workman%ip ( ! f\r? c5tury2 a supposition f\nd$ ^u ! resemblance borne by its ornam5ts1 to ^? ^u ! p$e/al ( ! obelisk rais$ by ,!odosius1 9 ! ,hippodrome at ,con/ant9ople1 z repres5t$ 9 ! elaborate publication ( ! late ,m4 ,s]\x d',ag9c\rt4#aab ,,notes3 #aaj ,figur$ 9 ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #abg4 #aaa ,hi/oire de la ,ville de ,r\51 v4 p4 #h4 #aab ,hi/oire de la dcad5ce de l',art1 pl4 #aj1 ,sculpture1 fig4 #d-g4 ,,ar*itectural ,,antiquities ,,( ,,norm&y1 ,,by ,,john ,,sell ,,cotman2 ,,accompani$ ,,by ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,descriptive ,,notices ,,by ,,dawson ,,turn]1 ,,esq4 ,f4,r4 ,,& ,a4,s4 ,,volume ,,! ,,second4 ,illu/ration3 ,coat ( arms ( ! ,du*y ( ,norm&y4 ,emblems ( ! t[ns ( ,r\5 & ,ca54 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,john ,,& ,,ar?ur ,,ar*1 ,,cornhill2 ,,& ,j4 ,s4 ,,cotman1 ,,y>m\?4 ,,mdcccxxii4 ,,plates ,,9 ,,! ,,second ,,volume4 ,,plate4 #ee4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 at ,ca51 ,we/ ,end to face page #ei #ef4 -- -- -- -- ,ea/ ,end #fj #eg4 ,*ur* at ,*eux1 ne> ,ca51 f ! ,nor?-,ea/ #fb #eh4 ,*ur* at ,bieville1 f ! ,nor?-,we/ #fc #ei4 -- -- ,elevations & ,details #fd #fj4 ,*ur* at ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri1 ne> ,ca51 ,nor? ,side ( ,*ancel #fe #fa4 -- -- -- -- -- ,elevations #ff #fb4 ,*teau at ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri1 ne> ,ca5 #fg #fc4 -- -- -- -- -- ,elevation ( c5tral ,comp>tm5t #fh #fd4 ,h\se 9 ! ,place de la ,pucelle1 at ,r\5 #fi #fe4 ,h\se 9 ! ,rue ,/4 ,jean1 at ,ca5 #gj #ff4 ,t[] ( ! ,*ur* at ,trport1 ne> ,ca5 #ga #fg4 ,*ur* ( ,anisy1 ne> ,ca5 #gc #fh4 ,*ur* ( ,p]ri]s1 ne> ,ca5 #gd #fi4 ,ca/le ( ,lillebonne #ge #gj4 ,ca/le ( ,briquebec #gg #ga4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph5's1 at ,fcamp #gi #gb4 ,scre5 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 at ,eu #ha #gc4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 at ,lisieux1 ,we/ ,front #hc #gd4 _/ #ge4 -- -- -- -- ,s\? ,transept #hf #gf4 ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ou51 at ,r\5 #hg #gg4 ,f\nta9 ( ! ,/one ,cross1 at ,r\5 #ij #gh4 ,palace ( ,ju/ice1 at ,r\5 #ia #gi4 ,*ur* ( ,l\vi]s1 ,s\? ,por* #ic #hj4 ,*teau ,gaill>d1 ,nor?-,ea/ ,view #ie #ha4 -- -- ,s\?-,we/ ,view #if #hb4 ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,montivilli]s1 ,we/ ,end #ig #hc4 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,sanson sur ,rille #ii #hd4 ,*ur* ( ,f\llebec1 ,we/ ,door-way #ajj #he4 ,ca/le at ,tanc>ville #aja #hf4 ,entrance to ! ,ca/le at ,tanc>ville #ajc #hg4 ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,cross1 at ,/4 ,lo1 ,we/ ,door-way #ajd #hh4 -- -- -- -- -- ,sculpture #ajf #hi4 ,ca/le ( ,falaise1 ,nor?-,we/ ,view #ajg #ij4 -- -- ,nor? ,view #aji #ia4 ,int]ior ( ! ,*ur* ( ,creully #aaj #ib4 ,ca!dral ,*ur* ( ,notre ,dame1 at ,c\tances1 ,we/ ,front #aaa #ic4 _/ #id4 -- -- -- -- -- -- ,elevation ( ! ,nave #aae #ie4 ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael1 on ! ,approa* f ,pontorson #aaf #if4 -- -- ,int]ior ( ! ,knights' ,hall #abj #ig4 ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,c]isy1 ,int]ior ( ! ,*oir #aba #ih4 ,*ur* at ,oye/raham1 ,we/ ,front #abb #ii4 ,ca!dral ,*ur* ( ,notre ,dame1 at ,sez1 ,we/ ,front #abc #ajj4 -- -- -- -- -- ,elevation ( ! ,nave #abe ,! ,figure ref]r$ to 9 ! ,note1 p4 #aag1 is ins]t$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,preface4--,z a ,vignette1 at ! end ( ! ,preface1 is introduc$ a ,view ( ! ,*ur* ( ,qu]queville1 ne> ,*]b\rg1 a build+ ( unque/ionable antiquity1 & "h figur$1 z ! only in/ance 9 ,norm&y1 or possibly 9 exi/5ce1 ( a *ur* ^: transepts1 z well z ! *ancel1 t]m9ate 9 a semi-circul> =m4 ,9 ^! p>ts1 ! walls are =m$ ( h]r+-bone masonry1 :i* is n ! case ) ! t[] or nave1 :i* are m mod]n4 ,! t[] is1 h[ev]1 probably ( ! ,norman ra2 & ! peculi> masonry :i* di/+ui%es ! *ancel1 is /ill obs]vable = a few feet above its junction ) ! nave4 ,its ornam5ts may be comp>$ ) ^? ( ,/4 ,pet]'s *ur*1 at ,b>ton-^u-,humb]1 & ,e>l's-,b>ton *ur*1 ,nor?ampton%ire1 bo? ( !m figur$ 9 ! fif? volume ( ,britton's ,ar*itectural ,antiquities1 & bo? evid5tly ,norman4 ,! *ur* ( ,qu]queville has no buttresses4 ,its l5g?1 f ea/ to we/1 is =ty-eight feet & six in*es2 f nor? to s\?1 =ty-?ree feet & f\r in*es2 ! wid? ( ! nave is n9e feet & n9e in*es4 ,,plates ,,lv4 ,,& ,,lvi4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,ni*olas1 ,,at ,,ca54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ee4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,ni*olas1 ,,at ,,ca54 ,we/ end4 ,! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 9 8 ,hi/orical ,essays ^u ,ca51 cont5ts himself ) rem>k+1 ) reg>d to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 t x is ! only specim5 ( real ,norman ar*itecture n[ left entire 9 ! t[n2 = t ! abbatial *ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 a build+ ( ! same p]iod & /yle1 has be5 s disguis$ by ! alt]ations made ) ! view ( adapt+ x to its pres5t purpose1 t1 consid]$ z a :ole1 x is no long] to be recogniz$ z a type ( ! religi\s edifices ( ! ,normans4 ,su* be+ ! case1 x is ! m to be lam5t$ t ! *ur* "h figur$1 %\ld n only h be5 degrad$ f its orig9al application1 b %\ld h be5 appropriat$ to an object em95tly liable to expose x to injury4 ,x is n[ us$ z a /able = cavalry2 b1 =tunately1 x has /ill be5 suff]$ to rema9 entire2 & hopes are ent]ta9$1 t x may yet be "o day aga9 employ$ z a place ( wor%ip4 ,! ext]ior ( ! build+ has n altoge!r escap$ un9jur$ or unalt]$4 ,9 ! we/]n front1 7see plate fifty-five17 bo? ! lat]al t[]s h lo/ _! orig9al t]m9ations1 & h be5 r$uc$ to a level ) ! ro( ( ! nave4 ,"o ( !m /ill rema9s 9 a /ate ( dilapidation3 to ! o!r has be5 add$ a squ>e t[]1 ( r elegant proportions1 surm\nt$ by a small crocket$ p9nacle1 ! workman%ip probably ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! re/ ( ?is "p ( ! *ur* is z x 0 fir/ built1 except t ! great ar*es ( entrance are entirely block$ up4 ,! :ole is ( extreme simplicity1 & vies 9 t respect ) ! same portion ( ! adjo9+ *ur* ( ! abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph52 ! diff]5t memb]s ( ! two be+ ne>ly ! same1 ?\gh dispos$ 9 a dissimil> mann]4 ,! c5tral t[] ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas is squ>e & small1 & s l[ z to admit only a s+le ti] ( semi-circul>-head$ w9d[s1 f\r on ea* side4 ,x t]m9ates 9 a ridg$ ro(1 & app>5tly1 nev] 0 high]2 ?\gh1 z f> z may be judg$ f analogy1 a great] elevation 0 probably design$ by ! ar*itect4 ,along ! sides ( ! *ur*1 imm$iately b5ea? ! ro(1 runs a bold project+ cornice1 ( antique patt]n1 =m$ ( num]\s horizontal m\ld+s2 &1 "u ?is1 ! corbel-table pres5ts only a r[ ( pla9 knobs1 in/ead ( ! mon/]s commonly f\nd 9 ,norman build+s4 ,! cl]e/ory1 ?r\gh\t bo? ! nave & *oir1 is fill$ ) n>r[ ar*es1 alt]nately pi]c$ = w9d[s1 & left blank4 ,all ^! ar*es1 z well z ! w9d[s ( ! transepts & ( ! project+ aisles bel[1 are )\t ! accompanim5t ( pill>s or ornam5ts ( any description1 except+ a broad flat m\ld+ ( ! simple/ k9d1 :i* :olly encircles !m4 ,! disposition ( ! w9d[s 9 ! l[] "p ( ! nave1 diff]s f t ( ^? above1 9 _! be+ sep>at$ f ea* o!r by %all[ buttresses1 :i* hold ! place ( ! blank ar*es4 ,a pla9 /r+-c\rse also is cont9u$ ! :ole l5g? ( ! *ur* b5ea? ! w9d[s1 z 9 ! we/ front4 ,on ! s\? side is a door1 ! only "o n[ 9 use 9 ! *ur*1 :i* is ent]$ by a v noble ,norman ar*1 compos$ ( a great numb] ( cyl9drical m\ld+s1 arrang$ 9 ?ree broad b&s1 b )\t pill>s or capitals1 & ) no o!r v>iation ?an t ( size1 & ( ! addition ( ! billet-m\ld+ to ! out] r[4 ,! transome-/one ( ?is ar* is unque/ionably coeval ) ! ar* itself1 ! sculpture ( ! masonry be+ int]wov5 ) x4 ,atta*$ to ! ea/]n side ( bo? ! transepts1 is a circul> *apel1 z 9 ! *ur*es ( ,/4 ,georges1 ( ,/4 ,taur9 at ,evreux1 ( ,fcamp1 ( ,c]isy1 & 9 sev]al o!r anci5t religi\s build+s 9 ,norm&y4 ,nor is ,engl& altoge!r )\t specim5s ( ! same k9d3 a simil> *apel1 n[ 9 a ru9\s /ate1 & call$ by ,blomefield1 ! sext]ie or anci5t ve/ry1 is jo9$ to ! nor? transept ( ,norwi* ca!dral2 & ne> ! ea/]n extremity ( ! same *ur*1 are f\r o!rs4 ,b ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ic ( ^? at ,/4 ,ni*olas'1 is ! extremely high pit* ( ! /one ro(1 a peculi>ity equally obs]vable 9 ! ro( ( ! *oir2 & h5ce ! foll[+ rem>ks on ! "p ( ,mr4 ,turn]#aac3--;,"h we h ! exact c\nt]p>t ( ! ,iri% /one-ro($ *apels1 ! mo/ celebrat$ ( :i*1 t ( ,cormac 9 ,ca%el ca!dral1 appe>s1 f all ! draw+s & descriptions ,i h se5 ( x1 to be altoge!r a ,norman build+4 ,l$wi* ass]ts t '?is *apel is truly ,saxon1 & 0 erect$ prior to ! introduction ( ! ,norman & ,go?ic /yles4'#aad ,if we agree ) him1 we only obta9 a pro(1 t !re is no ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ,norman & ,saxon ar*itecture2 & ?is proposition ,i believe1 w soon be univ]sally admitt$4 ,we n[ "k :at is really ,norman2 & a little att5tion to ! build+s 9 ! nor? ( ,g]many1 may t]m9ate ! long-debat$ que/ions relative to ,saxon ar*itecture1 & ! /one-ro($ *apels 9 ! si/] isle4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ef4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,ni*olas1 ,,at ,,ca54 ,ea/ end4 ,9 ! ea/ end ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 7see plate fifty-six17 may be rem>k$ a s5sible approximation 9 po9t ( /yle1 to ! same "p 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,! circul> apsis is divid$ into comp>tm5ts by sl5d] cyl9drical pill>s2 & ea* int]columniation is fill$ by a c\ple ( w9d[s ( comp>atively l>ge size1 plac$ "o above ! o!r1 :ile a r[ ( n>r[ blank ar*es occupies ! l[] "p4 ,! head ( ea* ( ^! small] ar*es is hewn out ( a s+le /one4 ,! height ( ! ro(1 9 ?is "p ( ! *ur*1 is s mu* great] ?an 9 ! *oir1 z almo/ to ju/ify ! suspicion t x 0 no "p ( ! orig9al plan1 b 0 an addition ( a subsequ5t1 ?\gh c]ta9ly n ( a remote1 ra4 ,7 ! l9e ( x cont9u$ to ! c5tral t[]1 x w\ld :olly block up & conceal ! w9d[s !re4 ,! discrepancy obs]vable 9 ! /yle ( its ar*itecture1 may also possibly be reg>d$ z en=c+ ! same op9ion4 ,b1 inde$1 z has already be5 m ?an once obs]v$ 9 ?is "w1 no inf]5ces drawn f /yle mu/ be admitt$ )\t ! utmo/ hesitation4 ,a v s5sible discussion ^u ?is po9t1 z illu/rat$ by ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas itself1 & ! two adjo9+ *ur*es ( ! ,tr9ity & ( ,/4 ,/eph51 has lately appe>$ 9 "o ( ! mo/ popul> ,engli% p]iodical publications1 f ! p5 ( a writ] possess$ ( ! deepe/ k ( ! subject1 & gift$ ) ! mo/ compreh5sive & cle>e/ views#aae4 ,x 7 an inju/ice to ! read]s ( ?is "w1 n to extract x ^u ! pres5t occasion4 ,x w sup]s$e ! necessity ( any labor$ description ( ! int]ior ( ! build+4-- ,:5 a di/9ct gradation ( /yle is obs]vable1 x is natural to conclude1 t ^! ar*itectural v>ieties1 emanat+ f "o prototype1 ea* cle>ly to be discrim9at$1 yet dy+ into ano!r by imp]ceptible %ades1 7 successively develop$ at c]ta9 int]vals ( "t4 ,?is reason+1 ?\gh x advances ^u legitimate premises1 may be fallaci\s1 z is prov$ at ,ca51 :]e ?ree coeval *ur*es1 probably erect$ by ! same ar*itect1 are di/+ui%$ by su* rem>kable modifications ( ! ,norman ,romanesque /yle1 t 7 we n acqua9t$ ) ! facts1 we might well suppose t !y m>k$ ! progress ( ar*itecture dur+ ?ree half c5turies4--,/4 ,ni*olas1 ! fir/ ( ^! edifices1 0 built by ! monks ( ,/4 ,/eph5's ,abbey "s "t betwe5 ! ye>s #ajff & #ajhc4 ,! orig9al l9es are *>act]iz$ by simplicity & regul>ity4 ,all ! capitals ( ! columns1 emb$d$ 9 ! side walls1 are ( "o ord]2 & ! capitals ( ! pi]-columns1 :i* ne>ly resemble ! o!rs1 are equally uni=m4 ,! ea/ end t]m9ates by an apsis1 ( :i* ! elevation resembles ! ext]ior ( ! ca!dral ( ,pisa4 ,?ree circul> ar*es1 support$ by ,cor9?ianiz+ pila/]s1 =m ! we/]n portal4 ,! orig9al cross-vault+ ( ! side-aisles /ill rema9s3 x is )\t gro9s1 & ( ,roman con/ruction1 & ! :ole int]ior %ews t ! ar*itect 0 endeavor+ to recollect ! models ( ! great city4--,if we pass f h5ce to ! adjac5t abbey *ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph51 erect$ at ! same p]iod1 we %all obs]ve t ! conception ( ! ar*itect is m ,norman ?an 9 ! *ur* :i* we h quitt$4 ,! nave is divid$ into bays by pi]s1 alt]nat+ ) circul> pill>s ( small] diamet]4 ,! pi] consi/s ( a pila/] front$ by a cyl9drical column1 cont9u+ to ab\t f\r-fif?s ( ! height ( ! ro(4 ,two cyl9drical columns !n rise f x2 s t f ?is po9t upw>ds1 ! pi] becomes a clu/]$ column3 angul> brackets sculptur$ into knots1 grotesque heads1 & foliage1 are affix$ to ! bases ( ! d]ivative pill>s4 ,a bold d\ble-billet$ m\ld+ is cont9u$ bel[ ! cl]e/ory1 ^: w9d[s adapt !mselves to ! b9>y arrangem5t ( ! bays ( ! nave2 t is to say1 a tall] ar* is flank$ by a small] "o1 on its "r side1 or on its left side1 z ! situation requires2 ^! are support$ by %ort massy pill>s2 & an embattl$ m\ld+ runs r\nd ! w9d[s4 ,^! features are ,norman2 b 9 o!r portions ( ! *ur*1 ! ar*itect ,romanises aga91 z 9 ,/4 ,ni*olas4 ,! pi]s ( ! aisle-ar*es are ( consid]able wid?3 ! pill>s at ea* angle are connect$ by an ar*itrave1 di/9ctly en\nc$1 runn+ along ! front ( ! pi]1 & int]pos$ betwe5 ! capitals & ! spr++ ( ! well-turn$ semi-circul> ar*4 ,! tri=ium is compos$ ( a ti] ( semi-circul> ar*es1 ne>ly ( equal span ) ^? bel[4 ,! p]spective ( ! build+ is gr& & palatial4 ,9 ! ev5+1 :5 x is illum9at$ only by a few fa9tly-burn+ tap]s1 ! effect ( ! gleams ( light1 reflect$ f ! returns ( ! ar*es & pill>s1 is p>ticul>ly f9e4 ,beyond ! c5tral ar* :i* supports ! t[]1 all is lo/ 9 gloom1 except t at ! extremity ( ! *oir1 ! />-light j breaks ?r\gh ! topmo/ w9d[s above ! alt>4--,9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph51 ! lead+ ideas ( ! ar*itect 7 /ill influ5c$ by ! ,roman basilica2 a ?ird & m fanciful modification is to be obs]v$ 9 ! coeval *ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,"h ! pi]s are n>r[]2 ! columns support+ ! aisle-ar*es are consequ5tly br\ght clos] toge!r1 & ! ar*itrave is less prom95t ?an at ,/4 ,/eph5's3 !re ! embattl$ m\ld+ is conf9$ to ! cl]e/ory2 9 ! pres5t *ur*1 x runs r\nd ! pr9cipal ar*es2 &1 in/ead ( ! l(ty tri=ium :i* !re surm\nts ! side-aisles1 ! walls :i* we n[ describe are ?read$ by a gall]y support$ by misproportion$ pill>s1 ^: capitals exhibit e possible v>iety ( grotesque inv5tion4 ,! bold ar*ivolts b5ea? ! c5tral t[] are *as$ ) ! ,norman loz5ge3 !y are circul>2 b ! ea/]n ar*1 :i* runs high] ?an ! o!rs1 is obtusely po9t$1 ?\gh x is evid5tly ( ! same date ) its companions4 ,! p>i% ( ,/4 ,ni*olas is plac$ )\t ! walls ( ,ca51 9 t portion ( ! suburbs kn[n by ! "n ( ,le ,b\rg-l',abb1 z hav+ be51 be=e ! revolution1 "u ! jurisdiction ( ! abbot ( ,/4 ,/eph54 ,9 ! same qu>t] 0 also includ$ ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,ou51 z 0 a portion ( ^? ( ,/4 ,/eph5 & ,/4 ,m>t94 ,! two la/-m5tion$ *ur*es 7 c$$1 9 ! e>lie/ p]iod ( ! hi/ory ( ,ca51 by ! ,*apt] ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,bayeux1 to ,que5 ,matilda1 9 ex*ange = "s o!r pref]m5t1 & 7 by h] be/[$ ^u ! nuns ( h] new conv5t ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,b ! increas+ p[] ( ! rival mona/]y1 built by h] husb&1 naturally caus$ its occupants to turn a wi/ful eye t[>ds *ur*es s imm$iately 9 _! vic9ity4 ,disputes succe$$2 & ! monks ( ,/4 ,/eph5 erect$ ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 t _! suburb might no long] be )\t a religi\s build+ :i* dep5d$ :olly ^u !mselves4 ,peace 0 at l5g? re/or$ by means ( a *>t] f ! ,duke1 dat$ 9 ! ye> #ajhc1 :]eby ,/4 ,ni*olas 0 recogniz$ z p>o*ial1 an equival5t 0 giv5 to ! abbess by ! ext5sion ( h] p[] 9 h] own qu>t] ( ,/4 ,giles1 & ! respective p>i%es ( ,/4 ,/eph5 & ,/4 ,m>t9 7 all[$ to reta9 all !y possess$ 9 ! ,b\rg-l',abb1 except five families expressly designat$ 9 ! *>t]4 ,^! five 7 transf]r$ to ,/4 ,ni*olas2 &1 to secure to ! sa9t a c]ta9 increase ( vot>ies h]eaft]1 a proviso 0 add$1 enact+ t e h\se :i* might be built 9 future1 9 t suburb1 %\ld belong to 8 p>i%4 ,h5ce1 ! two o!r sa9ts reta9$ no?+ m ?an ! gr\nd cov]$ by ! t5em5ts !n /&+1 sixty-sev5 9 numb]2 & ! necess>y consequ5ce 01 t f t p]iod till ! ye> #agij1 :5 ! :ole 0 remodell$1 ! limits ( ! sev]al p>i%es 7 confus$ & irregul> 9 ! extreme4 ,n only did adjo9+ dwell+s belong to diff]5t p>i%es1 b ! l9e frequ5tly ran betwe5 ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts ( ! same h\se1 or ev5 sep>at$ ! ap>tm5t !mselves4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 z indebt$ = its exi/5ce to ! monks ( ! abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph51 cont9u$ = "s "t to receive its pa/ors f among ! bre?r5 ( t conv5t4 ,at a subsequ5t p]iod1 ! monks1 aft] !y _h transf]r$ to sub/itutes ! p]=mance ( _! religi\s duties1 /ill endeavor$ to pres]ve _! supremacy2 b !y 7 f9ally oblig$ to rel9qui% x2 & ! m9i/]s ( ,/4 ,ni*olas enjoy$ ! same rights z ! o!r cl]gy ( ,ca51 ?\gh ! ecclesia/ical privileges ( ! abbot rema9$ inviolate4 ,to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas 0 atta*$ a guild1 9 ! e>ly li/s ( ^: memb]s 7 includ$ names ( ! greate/ di/9ction 9 ! t[n & neighborhood4 ,/4 ,ni*olas 0 9 remote times an object ( especial devotion2 & ! company incorporat$ "u 8 patronage1 naturally p>took ( 8 celebrity4 ,! ,abb ,de la ,rue also /ates1 t x 0 f )9 ?is *ur*1 t :at 7 t]m$ ! ,apo/olic decrees1 7 deliv]$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,!y d]iv$ _! "n f be+ pron\nc$ by commission]s delegat$ by ! ,pope1 to decide 9 matt]s t\*+ ! canon law2 & ! num]\s appeals to ! c\rt ( ,rome1 at t p]iod1 r5d]$ ! necessity = su* decisions ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,,notes3 #aac ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #agf4 #aad ,antiquities ( ,irel&1 p4 #aea4 #aae ,qu>t]ly ,review = ,june1 #ahba1 p4 #abj4 ,,plate ,,lvii4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,*eux4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #eg4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,*eux ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,f ! ,nor? ,ea/4 ,! e>lie/ m5tion :i* occurs ( ,*eux1 a small c\ntry t[n1 ab\t n9e miles to ! we/ ( ,ca51 is to be f\nd 9 ! *>t]1 grant$ ab\t ! ye> #ajgg1 by ! ,conqu]or1 = ! f\ndation ( 8 abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph54 ,! k+1 9 ?is in/rum5t1 aft] a pi\s proem1 recit+ t he has be5 l$ to ! holy task by ! expectation ( obta9+ remission = 8 s9s & a hundr$-fold rew>d 9 heav51 places1 z ! v fir/ ( ! gifts de/9$ = ! end[m5t ( ! ris+ mona/]y1 ! t[n ( ,*eux4 ,he also expressly designates ,*eux1 & ! f\r places imm$iately foll[+1 z villas juris mei1 !reby mean+1 z ,m4 de ,g]ville ju/ly rem>ks1 to draw a di/9ction betwe5 ^? donations :i* came imm$iately f himself1 & ^? :i* orig9at$ ) any ( 8 subjects1 & /ood 9 ne$ ( no?+ m ?an a ratification on 8 "p4 ,ano!r rem>k may1 p]haps1 n imp]t95tly be made ^u ?is "p ( ! *>t]1 z curi\sly illu/rative ( ! mann]s ( ! times z to ! nature ( feudal t5ures1 & ! mode ( recruit+ ! army4 ,9 ! v next p>agraph1 a di/9ction is drawn betwe5 ! rights ( two diff]5t classes ( m51 ! coloni & condition>ii1 ! latt] be+ expla9$ by ! words ( ! *>t] itself1 to mean free m5 7lib]os hom9es47 ,! ,duke assigns to ! abbey1 ! t[ns !mselves1 toge!r ) _! inhabitants1 mills1 wat]s1 mead[s1 pa/ures1 & woods2 & also ) all ! rev5ues & cu/oms d]ivable f !m1 z !y h be5 enjoy$ by himself1 or any ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,he likewise expressly /ipulates1 t su* ( ! p ( ,*eux & ,rotz1 z d n hold frank-t5em5ts1 7qui francam t]ram non t55t17 %\ld be exclusively devot$ to ! s]vice ( ! *ur* & ! monks1 s z n to be subject to any call aris+ f milit>y exp$itions1 or o!r cause1 unless ! ,pr9ce himself %\ld p]sonally1 or by lett]1 direct ! abbot to s5d !m4 ,ev5 9 ! latt] case1 he b9ds himself to summon ea* by "n1 & nev] to call !m out1 except ! prov9ce %\ld be invad$ by a =eign foe2 nor on any acc\nt to require _! s]vices beyond ! limits ( ! du*y4 ,at ! same "t t ! ,conqu]or's *ildr5 confirm$ all ! donations made by _! fa!r to ! abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph51 ,rob]t1 8 successor ^u ! ducal ?rone1 add$ ! privilege ( an annual fair at ,*eux1 & a weekly m>ket3 ! latt] 0 held ^u a ,sunday1 dur+ ! twelf? c5tury1 b 0 aft]w>ds1 by an ord] f ,k+ ,john1 *ang$ to a ,tuesday4 ,^u ! accession ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 to ! duk$om1 ano!r *>t] ( great l5g? 0 grant$ 9 favor ( ! royal abbey2 & 9 ?is1 ,*eux is aga9 m5tion$4 ,! ,k+ n only foll[s ! example ( 8 pr$ecessors1 9 r5\nc+ all "r to x1 b he gives 8 royal ass5t1 9 ! foll[+ t]ms1 to two pur*ases :i* _h be5 made 9 x3--,conc$o emptionem1 quam fecit ,willelmus ,abbas1 ,joanni1 filii ,conani1 ,canonico ,bajoc5si1 scilicet1 totam t]ram suam de ,ceusio1 qu e/ de feudo ,s4 ,/ephani2 #bc libr4 annual2 et emptionem quam fecit ,willelmus ,abbas1 a ,radulpho1 fratre ,vitalis1 scilicet1 sex acras t]r1 quam t5ebat 9 feodu de prdicto sancto 9 ,ceusio1 pro quibus faciebat s]raturas port>um ,ceusii1 pro ,c4 solid4 c5sus4 ,f t "t to ! revolution1 ,*eux cont9u$ to be "o ( ! pr9cipal doma9s ( ! abbot ( ,/4 ,/eph54 ,accord+ to ! t]ritorial division ( anci5t ,france1 x =m$ a "p ( :at 0 t]m$ ! ,election ( ,ca51 & 0 includ$ 9 ! ar*deaconry ( ,bayeux1 & ! dean]y ( ,font5ay4 ,! revolution1 introduc+ a new arrangem5t1 toge!r ) a new set ( t]ms1 has plac$ x 9 ! arrondissem5t ( ,ca51 & 9 ! canton ( ,tilly4 ,! *ur* is a f9e specim5 ( ,norman ar*itecture2 rem>kable z to its plan1 9 hav+ ! *oir ( consid]ably great] wid? ?an ! nave4 ,! portion ea/ ( ! t[] is compos$ ( ?ree di/9ct p>ts1 unequal 9 size1 ! c5tral be+ ! n>r[e/1 z is /rik+ly ! case 9 ! *ur* at ,great ,y>m\?2 b all ( ! same height1 & ea* ( ! lat]al ones exactly equall+ 9 its wid? ! l5g? ( ! transept to :i* x is atta*$2 & ?us1 also1 ! *oir & transepts1 tak5 collectively1 =m ne>ly a squ>e1 except t1 to ! end ( ! middle comp>tm5t1 is atta*$ a circul> apsis1 ( an unusually small size2 &1 se5 f ! inside ( ! *ur*1 ?is disproportion becomes ev5 m conspicu\s3 ! great ?ickness ( ! wall necess>ily subtract+ mu* f ! space4 ,x ev5 /rikes ! eye z be+ less ?an x really is1 f be+ subdivid$ into a numb] ( small ar*es2 :i*1 ) ! vault$ ro(1 light$ by ! extremely n>r[ w9d[s bel[1 & ! l>g] ones above1 give ?is end ( ! *ur* a v peculi> appe>ance4 ,,plate ,,lviii4 ,,& ,,lix4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,bieville4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #eh4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,bieville ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,f ! ,nor? ,we/4 ,x is only :5 consid]$ z a curi\s relic ( anci5t ecclesia/ical ar*itecture1 t ! *ur* ( ,bieville c lay claim to any att5tion :atev]4 ,hi/ory1 ev5 9 its l[e/ dep>tm5t1 topography1 is altoge!r sil5t ) reg>d bo?1 to ! build+ & ! p>i%1 except s f> z to record t ! *ur* 0 among ! dep5d5cies ( ! royal abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph51 at ,ca52 ?\gh ev5 9 ?is "*1 x does n appe> till ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 x is m5tion$ 9 "o ( ! regi/]s ( ! diocese ( ,bayeux4 ,its situation is ab\t f\r miles nor? ( ,ca54 ,tak5 z a :ole1 ! *ur* ( ,bieville has probably no p>allel 9 ,norm&y or 9 ,engl&4 ,! upp] /ory ( ! t[] alone is ( a subsequ5t ra1 & t1 ! e>lie/ /yle ( po9t$ ar*itecture3 all ! re/ ( ! /ructure is purely ,norman1 & ( extreme simplicity4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 at ,nor?ampton1 said to h be5 erect$ by ,simon de ,/4 ,liz1 dur+ ! reign ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 is encircl$ at ! height ( ! cl]e/ory by a r[ ( small ar*es1 simil> 9 _! proportions & decorations to ^? at ,bieville2 b !y are !re cont9u$ 9 an un9t]rupt$ l9e r\nd ! build+1 :ile at ,bieville !y occupy only a comp>atively small portion ( x4 ,9 ! nave ( ?is latt] *ur*1 !y are dispos$ regul>ly 9 triplets1 ! c5tral "o only pi]c$ = a w9d[1 & ea* ?ree sep>at$ by a flat ,norman buttress4 ,! we/]n front1 repres5t$ 9 plate fifty-eight1 is divid$ by pla9 /r+-c\rses into ?ree /ories ( irregul> height3 ! basem5t conta9s only ! door1 :i* is ent]$ by a ri*ly-ornam5t$ ar*1 7see plate fifty-n9e1 fig4 ,b47 surm\nt$ by a broad drip-/one1 decorat$ ) quatrefoils1 & t]m9at+ at ea* end 9 a human head ( classical "*4 ,! l[e/ m\ld+ ( ?is ar* is consid]ably m flatt5$ ?an ! upp]1 a peculi>ity t is likewise obs]vable 9 ! int]ior ar* to ! great door-way at ,ca/le-,acre ,priory1 9 ,norfolk4#aaf ,9 ! second /ory are six ar*es1 support$ by eight pill>s1 ) capitals & bases ( ord9>y "*3 ev5 ^!1 contigu\s z !y /&1 are divid$ into two equal sets1 by ! int]v5tion ( a flat space 9 ! c5tre1 s n>r[1 z to we> ! appe>ance ( a pila/]4 ,"h1 too1 z 9 ! nave1 ! c5tral ar* ( ea* comp>tm5t is alone pi]c$ = a w9d[4--,! upp] /ory has only a s+le w9d[1 precisely resembl+ ^? bel[1 b flank$ on ea* side by a circul> "o1 simil> to t 9 ! front ( ! neighbor+ *apel ( ! ,dlivr&e3#aag or1 if a comp>ison be s\ght among ,norman edifices 9 ,engl&1 to ^? 9 ! t[] ( ,norwi* ca!dral2#aah 9 ! same "p ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,james1 at ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds2#aai & 9 ! ea/ end ( ! *ur* ( ! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,cross4#abj ,9 po9t ( g5]al "*1 ! we/]n front ( ! *ur* ( ,bieville may n unaptly be comp>$ ) t ( ! *apel ( ! ,dlivr&e1 or ( ! hospital ( ,/4 ,leon>d1 at ,/am=d1 z figur$ by ,c>t]4#aba ,! t[] ( ! *ur* at ,bieville is well calculat$ to s]ve z a specim5 ( ! t[]s ( ! village *ur*es1 compriz$ 9 a circuit ( tw5ty miles r\nd ,ca54 ,among o!rs1 ^? ( ,s\mont1 ,ifs1 ,s\langy1 ,potigny1 & ! ,l[] ,allemagne1 to ! s\?1 & ( ,lyons1 ,oye/raham1 & sev]al m1 to ! nor?1 greatly resemble x4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ei4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,bieville ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,elevation & ,details4 ,plate fifty-n9e1 z be+ altoge!r ar*itectural1 w be/ be und]/ood by a set ( regul> ref]5ces to ! diff]5t subjects x embraces4 ,a4 ,door-way on ! nor? side ( ! nave1 rem>kable = its l9tel or transom-/one 9 ! figure ( a p$im5t1 f :i* ! ar* rises1 encircl$ ) a s+le1 wide1 pla91 flat m\ld+4 ,!re is a simil> in/ance 9 ! *ur* ( ,m>t9va/1 ne> ,*]b\rg2 b ! p$im5t !re assumes a =m m decid$ly conical4#abb ,transom-/ones occur frequ5tly 9 ,norm&y1 & are v>i\sly sculptur$2 f ! rude cross1 ei!r alone or encompass$ ) ! cable-m\ld+1 to ! elaborate repres5tations ( ! crucifi$ ,savi\r1 or o!r subjects f holy writ4 ,pr(ane subjects1 :i* are ( s frequ5t occurr5ce on transom-/ones 9 ,engl&1 are v seldom f\nd 9 ! du*y3 ! writ] ( ! pres5t article nev] recollects to h met ) any2 & ,mr4 ,cotman's m ext5sive rese>*es h br\ght him acqua9t$ only ) a s+le in/ance1 a c5taur1 9 ! act ( dis*>g+ 8 arr[ at a /ag1 9 ! *ur* ( ,urville1 ne> ,valognes4 ,b4 ,great we/]n entrance1 7already describ$47 ,c4 ,fir/ comp>tm5t ( ! nave f ! we/1 %[+ ! /ructure & disposition ( ! ar*es1 & ! v flat buttresses ) a d\ble projection1 ! fir/ only equall+ t ( ! corbels4 ,! squ>e-head$ door is mod]n4 ,sev]al ( ! sculptures on ! corbels are close imitations ( ^? ^u ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 at ,ca54 ,d4 & ,e4 ,portions ( o!r comp>tm5ts ( ! nave1 to obta9 a complete idea ( :i*1 x is only necess>y to produce ! dott$ l9es bel[1 to ! same l5g? z t at ,c2 ! p>ts & _! disposition be+ precisely ! same1 ) ! exception ( ! door4 ,f4 ,elevation ( ! *oir1 :i* is divid$ into two equal portions by a flat buttress1 flank$ on ea* side by a sl5d] cyl9drical column4 ,( ^! p>ts1 "o is q pla91 except only ! corbel-table & ornam5t$ frieze bel[4 ,! o!r has two ar*es1 rec5tly block$ up1 simil> to ^? ( ! nave1 b ) a ri*] ext]ior m\ld+4 ,! door bel[ ^! has ! same peculi>ity1 9 ! drip-/one ris+ f sculptur$ heads1 z 9 ! we/]n entrance4 ,! frieze b5ea? ! corbels v mu* resembles t 9 ! same situation 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 7see plate ?irty-"o17 & is likewise cont9u$ ov] ! buttresses1 z well z along ! rec$+ "p betwe54 ,,notes3 #aaf ,figur$ 9 ,britton's ,ar*itectural ,antiquities1 ,,iii4 pl4 #b4 #aag ,figur$ 9 ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #bie4 #aah ,britton's ,norwi* ,ca!dral1 p4 #cc1 pl4 #f4 #aai ,britton's ,ar*itectural ,antiquities1 ,,iii4 p4 #hj4 #abj ,antiqu>ian & ,topographical ,cab9et1 ,v4 #aba ,anci5t ,ar*itecture1 pl4 #bd4--;,9 ! description ( ?is build+1 page #cc1 ,mr4 ,c>t] speaks ( x z be+ ( ,saxon orig92 &1 9 ! *ronological table atta*$ to 8 "w1 he classes x 9 ! ?ird ( ! f\r ras into :i* he divides 8 specim5s ( ,saxon ar*itecture4 #abb ,a /ill m rem>kable example occurs 9 ,ess+ton *ur*1 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 figur$ by ,c>t]1 9 8 ,anci5t ,ar*itecture1 pl4 ,,xv4 fig4 ,x4 ,! transom-/one is !re =m$ ( "p ( an octagon1 ris+ f an horizontal torus m\ld+1 :i* f9i%es 9 a spiral direction r\nd two heads4 ,a lion & a griff9 fill ! space )94 ,,plate ,,lx4 ,,& ,,lxi4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,fonta9e-,,le-,,h5ri1 ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fj4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,fonta9e-,,le-,,h5ri ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,nor? side ( ! ,*ancel4 ,! p>i% ( ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri lies ab\t eight miles nor? ( ,ca51 imm$iately adjo9+ ,?an1 ^: *ur* has already be5 figur$ 9 ?is "w4 ,! regi/] ( ! liv+s app]ta9+ to ! diocese ( ,bayeux1 made ab\t ! ye> #acej1 & commonly kn[n by ! "n ( ! livre pelut1 7lib] pelutus1 or ! p>*m5t book17 conta9s only ! foll[+ brief notice ( x3--,ecclesia de ,fontibus ,h5rici ,,lx ,libras4--,dnus dicte ville4--,ar*idiaconatus de ,cadomo4--,decanatus de ,dovra4 ,9 ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana1 & o!r simil> works1 no m5tion :atev] is made ( ?is p>i%4 ,accord+ to ! mod]n division ( ,france1 ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri is includ$ 9 ! canton ( ,creilly3 ! "n ( ! village1 to ^: dean]y x =m]ly app]ta9$1 _c fail to /rike ! e> ( an ,engli%man1 z be+ ! same ) t ( ! celebrat$ h>bor 9 8 own isl&1 ! common l&+-place f ,calais4 ,b ! ,engli% ,dov]1 f hav+ be5 orig9ally a ,roman /ation1 is g5]ally suppos$ to h d]iv$ its appellation f ! ,romans2 & ,d>ell1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ca/le1 publi%$ by ,grose1#abc gives x z 8 op9ion t1 among ! anci5t ,britons1 x 0 call$ ,rupece/]1 b1 on ! ,roman invasion1 got ! new "n ( ,d(ris1 ,dobris1 or ,doris1 9 consequ5ce ( ! fill+ or damm+ up ( ! h>bor2 ,doaf]1 z he obs]ves a few pages be=e1 signify+1 9 ! language ( ^? times1 a h>bor %ut up1 or ( difficult access4 ,a /ill high] au?ority1 ! le>n$ ,bi%op ,huet1#abd classes ! ^w1 ,d\vres1 among ^? ^: orig9 is to be s\ght 9 ! anci5t language ( ,gaul1 & proposes two d]ivations3 "o f ,dufyrrha1 a ris+ gr\nd2 ! o!r f ,dvvr1 ! t]m = wat]4 ,?us1 )\t giv+ any op9ion ( 8 own1 he leaves ! matt] to 8 read]1 ) a utrum horum mavis elige4 ,! ,norman village ( ,d\vres is celebrat$ ^u m ?an "o acc\nt3 x 0 ! bir?-place ( ,?omas ( ,dov]1 almon] to ! ,conqu]or1 & by him creat$ ar*bi%op ( ,york 9 #ajgj2 ( ,sampson ( ,dov]1 8 bro!r1 made bi%op ( ,worce/] 9 #ajig2 & ( a second ,?omas ( ,dov]1 nephew to ! fir/ ( ! "n1 :o1 9 #aaji1 _h ! s+ul> honor ( be+ elect$ at once to ! episcopal ?rone ( ,london1 & ! ar*iepiscopal ?rone ( ,york2 ! latt] ( :i* he accept$4 ,8 bro!r1 ,ri*>d1 wore at ! same "t ! mitre ( ,bayeux4--,d\vres 0 ! pr9cipal place ( "o ( ! sev5 b>onies1 :i* =m$ ! episcopal manse ( ! bi%ops ( ,bayeux4 ,dur+ ! ?irte5?1 & ! two foll[+ c5turies1 x 0 also select$ = _! c\ntry-seat4 ,)9 its limits /&s ! *apel ( ! ,dlivr&e1#abe said to h be5 f\nd$ by ,/4 ,regnob]t1 ! second bi%op ( ! diocese1 & /ill held 9 ! highe/ repute = its sanctity4 ,( ! *ur* ( ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri1 ! ar*itecture is decid$ly ,norman1 & is di/+ui%$ by a bold & noble /yle1 resembl+ 9 its g5]al "*1 z well z 9 its individual features1 ! abbatial *ur*es ( ,/4 ,george1 & ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh no record is left ( ! actual f\nd]1 !re is little room = d\bt z to ! ra ( ! f\ndation4 ,x may be obs]v$ on ?is occasion1 t 9 ,norm&y1 z 9 ,engl&1 x v seldom happ5s t in=mation is to be obta9$ on ^! p>ticul>s1 :5 ! same individual unit$ 9 8 p]son ! *>act]s ( "l ( ! village & patron ( ! liv+4 ,x 0 only :]e b5efices 7 9 ! h&s ( religi\s h\ses1 t ev5ts s g5]ally unimportant z ! build+ & repair+ ( village *ur*es1 7 consid]$ des]v+ ( be+ record$4 ,) reg>d to ! v>i\s proprietors ( ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri1 mu* in=mation is to be glean$ f ,l>oque's ,hi/ory ( ! ,h\se ( ,h>c\rt4 ,! labori\s au?or1 aft] hav+ complet$ 8 g5]al acc\nt ( ! ,norman nobility1 9 a s+le folio volume1 devot$ f\r o!rs to ! g5ealogy & =tunes ( ?is "o illu/ri\s family4 ,f him x appe>s t1 dur+ ! p]iod :5 ,norm&y 0 "u ! sway ( its own ,dukes1 ! p>i% ( ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri 0 9 ! h&s ( ! family ( ,tilly1 "o ( :om is to be f\nd among ! companions ( ! ,conqu]or1 9 8 desc5t ^u ,engl&4 ,e>ly 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 dur+ ! reign ( ,k+ ,john1 !y held ! lord%ip ( ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri conjo9tly ) ! ca/ellany ( ,tilly4 ,m5tion ( !m occurs repeat$ly 9 ! ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ( ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 z well z 9 ! annals ( ! abbeys ( ,/4 ,/eph5 & ( ,ard5nes1 ne> ,ca52 & x 0 f ! baptismal "n ( ,h5ry1 commonly borne by t bran* ( !m1 :o 7 possessors ( ,fonta9e1 t ! p>i% took its pres5t di/9ctive appellation2 a di/9ction n a little ne$$1 consid]+ t !re are fifte5 o!r places 9 ,norm&y1 call$ by ! g5]al "n ( ,fonta9e4 ,john de ,tilly1 ! la/ ( ! male l9e ( ! family1 :o 7 lords ( ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri1 di$ ab\t ! ye> #achj3 he 0 succe$$ 9 ! inh]itance by 8 si/]1 ,jane1 :o1 9 #achb1 m>ri$ ,philip ,d',h>c\rt1 & ?us add$ ! prop]ty to ! imm5se doma9s ( ! ,h>c\rts4 ,! fir/ ( ! plates appropriat$ to ?is build+1 embraces only a portion ( ! we/]n comp>tm5t ( ! s\? side ( ! *ancel1 drawn 9 rapid p]spective1 ! view be+ tak5 f imm$iately b5ea? ! corbel-table1 = ! sake ( embrac+ ! s(fit ( ! ar*es1 & ! project+ m\ld+s4 ,"h1 z at ,bieville1 ! l9tel or transom-/one ( ! ar* ( entrance#abf assumes ! =m ( a p$im5t1 b re/s ^u ! jambs ( ! door-way1 on a level ) ! capitals4 ,to ! in/ances ( a simil> =mation1 adduc$ "u ! prec$+ article1 %\ld be add$ ! v rem>kable "o at ,p5 *ur*1 9 ,som]set%ire1 figur$ 9 ! ,antiqu>ian & ,topographical ,cab9et4 ,on ! l9tel is sculptur$ ! ,lamb be>+ ! ,cross1 enclos$ )9 a circle1 flank$ on ei!r side by a nondescript animal2 ! :ole support$ by two cr[n$ heads plac$ 9 ni*es 9 ! jambs4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fa4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,fonta9e-,,le-,,h5ri ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,elevations ( ! ,ea/ end ( ! ,s\? side ( ! ,*ancel4 ,! foll[+ is a description ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( plate sixty-"o3#abg-- ,a4 ,ea/ end ( ! *ancel4--,! c5tral buttress1 flank$1 l ! two lat]al ones1 ) cyl9drical pill>s1 divides ?is portion ( ! *ur* into two equal portions4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ^! buttresses1 & ! circum/ance ( _! be+ support$ ^u a fillet & pl9?1 w\ld almo/ w>rant ! call+ ( !m pila/]s2 & ^? ^u ! nor!rn side ( ! *ancel1 ,figure ,b1 assume t "* ev5 m decid$ly1 hav+ no projection beyond ! cornice1 :i* !y support z an entablature4--,x w be rem>k$1 t ! :ole build+ is rais$ ^u a pl9? ( a bold "*2 & ,mr4 ,cotman ju/ly obs]ves1 t ! *ancel may be reg>d$ z a model = beautiful proportions & exquisite f9i%+4 ,z respect+ ,norman buttresses1 he is ( op9ion1 t ! edifices ( highe/ antiquity w be f\nd to be altoge!r )\t any2 & t !y 7 fir/ add$ m]ely by way ( ornam5t1 to break ! monoton\s appe>ance ( a long un9t]rupt$ space ( level wall4 ,inde$1 ! ,norman walls1 commonly f six to t5 feet 9 ?ickness1 c\ld sc>cely require any additional /r5g? f extr9sic objects2 & lea/ ( all1 c\ld !y receive x f a projection ( n m ?an ! same numb] ( in*es4 ,ev5 :]e buttress has be5 add$ to buttress1 z 9 ! nor? side ( ! *apel ( ! hospital ( ,/4 ,juli51 ne> ,r\51#abh & 9 "s o!r in/ances1 x may almo/ be que/ion$1 if support 0 ! only circum/ance contemplat$ by ! ar*itect4 ,! d\ble buttresses at ,/4 ,juli5's1 c\ld sc>cely fail to be coeval ) ! build+1 z appe>s f ! /r+-c\rse be+ cont9u$ 9 an unbrok5 l9e ov] !m1 a fact t 0 omitt$ to be notic$ 9 ! description ( ! *apel4 ,,notes3 #abc ,hi/ory ( ,dov] ,ca/le1 p4 #h4 #abd ,orig9es de ,ca51 p4 #cae4 #abe ,see ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #bie2 :]e ?is *apel is describ$ & figur$4 #abf ,mr4 ,cotman obs]ves1 t mu* might be said 9 connection ) ?is door-way1 ^u ! subject ( ! decorations ( ! semi-circul>-head$ ar*es 9 ,norm&y & 9 ,engl&4 ,b1 conf9+ himself to heads ( ! peculi> grotesque "*1 sculptur$ ^u ! ar* at ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri1 he rem>ks1 t su*1 ?\gh f> f be+ v uncommon 9 ,brita91 are ( extremely r>e occurr5ce 9 ! du*y2 insomu*1 t he c recal no o!r specim5s ( !m1 ?an ^? ^u a l>ge ar* :i* sep>ates ! nave f ! *ancel1 9 ! *ur* ( ,b]igny1 ne> ,/4 ,lo1 & ^u ano!r on ! s\? side ( ! *ur* ( ,bra*eville prs le ,gr&4 ,! heads1 9 ?is la/ in/ance1 are precisely l ^? at ,iffley *ur*1 9 ,ox=d%ire1 7see ,britton's ,*ronological & ,hi/orical ,illu/rations ( ,anci5t ,ar*itectures27 b !y are conf9$ to ! ar*ivolt alone1 :ile1 at ,iffley1 !y are dispos$ 9 a d\ble r[1 & =m broad b&s1 t encircle ! pill>s z well z ! top ( ! ar*4 ,9 ,engl& are ! foll[+ in/ances1 mo/ ( !m figur$ 9 ! works ( ,britton & ,c>t]3-- ,s\? door-way ( ,/4 ,pet]'s *ur*1 ,ox=d4 ---------------- ,/4 ,pet]'s *ur*1 at ,ras51 9 ,l9coln%ire4 ---------------- ,e>ls-,b>ton *ur*1 ,nor?ampton%ire4 ,nor? door-way ( ,lull+ton *ur*1 ,som]set%ire4 ,ar*itrave on ! ea/ side ( ! cemet]y-gate1 ,cant]bury ca!dral4 ,we/ door-way ( ,k5ilwor? *ur*4 ,s\? door-way ( ,moorv9/[e *ur*1 ,cornwall4 ,ar*es 9 ! nave ( ditto4 -------------------- ,wymondham *ur*1 ,norfolk4 ,we/ door-way ( ! *ur* ( ,b>ton ,/4 ,m>y1 ditto4 #abg ,9 ! title ( ?is plate1 x is un=tunately /at$ to repres5t ! ,ea/ end ,,( ! ,,s\? side ( ! *ancel1 in/ead ( ! ,ea/ end ,,& ! ,,nor? side ( ! *ancel4 #abh ,see p4 #dd4 ,,plates ,,lxii4-,,lxv4 ,,*ate,u ,,( ,,fonta9e-,,le-,,h5ri4 ,,c5tral ,,comp>tm5t ,,( ,,fonta9e-,,le-,,h5ri4 ,,h\se ,,9 ,,! ,,place ,,de ,,la ,,pucelle1 ,,at ,,r\54 ,,h\se ,,9 ,,! ,,rue ,,/4 ,,jean1 ,,at ,,ca54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fb4 ,,*,,teau ,,at ,,fonta9e-,,le-,,h5ri1 ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,x nei!r falls )9 ! scope ( ?is "w to attempt any ?+ 9 ! =m ( a diss]tation ^u ! anci5t dome/ic ar*itecture ( ,norm&y1 nor1 suppos+ su* an object to be desirable1 w\ld ! pres5t /ate ( ! du*y af=d mat]ials = ! purpose4 ,! lov] ( rese>*es into ar*itectural antiquity no soon] directs 8 att5tion to t bran* ( 8 subject1 :i*1 z t5d+ to elucidate ! habits ( 8 =efa!rs1 w\ld be peculi>ly int]e/+1 ?an he f9ds an insup]able ob/acle oppos$ to 8 progress4 ,! zeal ( *ur*m5 & ! pride ( b>ons1 h pres]v$ u _m noble relics ( ecclesia/ical & ca/ellat$ build+s2 b ! private resid5ce ( ! m humble individual has1 9 no portion ( ! globe1 be5 able to secure to itself any ?+ approa*+ to a durable exi/5ce4 ,:at 0 rais$ = com=t alone1 0 n 9 itself design$ = p]petuity2 & ! v>y+ ta/es ( successive occupants1 ! *anges ( fa%ions1 or1 :at op]ate ev5 m p[]fully ?an all1 ! *anges ( =tune1 h conspir$ to subject ?is portion ( human labor1 9 an em95t degree1 to t mutability :i* is ! g5]al lot ( human und]tak+s4 ,9 e>ly times1 also1 ! /ate ( society op]at$ p[]fully t[>ds ! production ( ! same de/ructive effect4 ,:5 ev5 ! mon>* c\ld no o!rwise provide = ! safety ( 8 palace1 ?an by encircl+ x ) ! =tifications ( ! ca/le1 a life ( cont9ual al>m af=d$ 8 subjects no enc\ragem5t = ! cultivation ( ! arts ( peace4 ,society knew no o!r classes ?an ! "l & 8 vassals3 ! =m]1 en?ron$ 9 milit>y /ate2 ! latt]1 too poor to raise 8 aim beyond ! necess>ies ( life2 or1 :]e ri*es exi/$1 too depress$ by s]vitude to d>e to let !m appe>4 ,h5ce1 dur+ ! preval5ce ( ! feudal sy/em1 v little1 if any ?+1 m is kn[n ( dome/ic ar*itecture1 ?an is to be collect$ f ! rude illum9ations ( missals1 or ! unsatisfactory descriptions ( *ronicl]s4 ,! monum5ts !mselves h disappe>$ f ! face ( ! e>?2 or1 if any in/ances c be adduc$1 t5d+ to disprove s compreh5sive an ass]tion1 !y are few 9 numb]1 & wor?less 9 quality4 ,! utmo/ to be hop$ = are su* mutilat$ rema9s1 z ,w9wal-,h\se1 9 ,norfolk1 lately figur$ by ,mr4 ,britton1 9 8 ,*ronological & ,hi/orical ,illu/rations ( ! ,anci5t ,ar*itecture ( ,great-,brita92 rema9s t are calculat$ to excite no o!r emotions ?an regret1 & to awak51 )\t be+ by any means able to satisfy1 curiosity4--,nor inde$ h ,mr4 ,cotman's ext5sive rese>*es enabl$ him to meet ) any ( ?is description1 all poor z !y are1 )9 ! limits ( ,norm&y4 ,at ! same "t x has appe>$ "r1 con=mably ) ! plan t has be5 adopt$ 9 ?is "w1 z to ecclesia/ical edifices1 to lay be=e ! read] "s specim5s ( ! dome/ic ar*itecture ( ! du*y1 :i*1 ?\gh f> remov$ f ,norman times1 are almo/ equally s f our own days4 ,ev5 ^! are rapidly disappe>+2 x is m ?an possible1 t ! ?ree subjects "h select$ = publication may1 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s1 be record$ only 9 ^! plates4 ,"o ( !m is already levell$ ) ! gr\nd2#abi :ile ! m int]e/+ h\se 9 ! ,place de la ,pucelle1 at ,r\51 ?\gh x has be5 suff]$ to cont9ue 9 exi/5ce1 has be5 s mu* injur$ 9 its ext]ior1 & is degrad$ to s mean a purpose1 t its demolition w\ld at no "t be matt] = surprise4--,specim5s1 l ^!1 are curi\s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! arts3 !y %ew ! progress :i* ar*itecture _h made 9 ,norm&y1 at "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ epo*s 9 ,fr5* hi/ory2 !y also %ew its relative /ate1 z respectively appli$ to civil & religi\s purposes4 ,&1 if !y be all ?ree productions ( ne>ly ! same ra1 !y are suffici5tly *>act]is$ ea* f ! o!r1 by m>ks ( di/9ction4 ,a hi/ory ( ! civil & dome/ic ar*itecture ( ! middle ages1 is yet a desid]atum2 & unless ?is task is soon accompli%$ 9 ,engl&1 ! opportunity w be lo/ = ev]4 ,! v s5sible au?or1 f :om ?is s5t5ce is quot$1 goes on to say1 ,! halls ( ,elizabe?'s days are almo/ worn out4 ,! mansions ( ! "t ( ,*>les ,i4 are fall+ apace1 & 9 e qu>t] ( a c5tury a class mu/ disappe>1 by ! conjo9$ op]ations ( repair & decay4 ,! t[ns ( ,engl& p]haps af=d ! wor/ & poore/ specim5s ( ! dwell+ h\ses3 ! be/ & ri*e/ are f\nd 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,we c h>dly qualify ?is ass]tion by recollect+ ! magnific5t range ( palaces :i* bord]$ ! ,/r&1 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,our own dwell+-h\ses are usually compos$ ( timb] frames fill$ 9 ) pla/]4 ,troyes1 9 ,*ampagne1 is built entirely 9 ?is fa%ion1 e /reet is ! p]fect 'c\nt]feit' ( old ,*eapside4 ,beauvais is built 9 ! same mann]1 b ! h\ses are pr(usely v>i$ ) c>v+1 & a good arti/ might employ himself !re = a twelvemon?4 ,_m ( ! anci5t h\ses at ,ca5 are ( *esnut timb]4 ,! ,abb ,de la ,rue supposes t !y 7 built by ! ,engli%1 aft] ! place 0 tak5 by ,h5ry ,v4 9 #adag4 ,8 'bomb>ds' de/roy$ a great "p ( ! t[n dur+ ! siege2 & aft] he _h rega9$ possession1 he grant$ ! sites ( ! demoli%$ t5em5ts to 8 ,engli% subjects4 ,9 *oos+ ?is mat]ial1 !y may h be5 guid$ p>tly by *oice1 z be+ a dome/ic fa%ion1 & p>tly by necessity2 = ! use ( /one 0 re/rict$ by ,h5ry1 to ! build+ & repair+ ( 'eglises1 *a/eaulx1 et =t]esses4' ,! k+1 by lett]s-pat5t1 decl>$ t ! 'qu>ries ( :ite /one' 7 to rema9 to him & 8 heirs = ev]3 ?is monopoly proves ! value 9 :i* ! ,ca5 /one 0 held4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fc4 ,,*,,teau ,,( ,,fonta9e-,,le-,,h5ri1 ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,elevation ( ,c5tral ,comp>tm5t4 ,"s acc\nt has already be5 giv51 "u ! prec$+ article1 ( ! *anges ( proprietors :i* ! doma9 ( ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri und]w5t1 dur+ ! reigns ( ! ,norman ,dukes1 & d[n to ! conclusion ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! e/ate !n pass$ into ! possession ( ! ,h>c\rts1 9 ^: h&s x cont9u$ a consid]able l5g? ( "t3 x has s9ce be5 subject to v>i\s own]s1 & has n[ f9ally become ! prop]ty ( ! ,visc\nt de ,canisy4 ,! ,*teau 7see plates sixty-two & sixty-?ree7 is a noble build+1 & a v *>act]i/ic specim5 ( ! resid5ces ( ! ,fr5* noblesse1 dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 at :i* p]iod !re is no d\bt ( its hav+ be5 erect$1 al?\gh no records :atev] are left ^u ! subject4 ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri 0 !n /ill 9 ! possession ( ! family ( ,h>c\rt1 ^: =tune & consequ5ce might naturally be expect$ to give rise to a simil> build+4--,z comp>$ ) ! mansions ( ! ,engli% nobility1 ! *teau at ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri may be advantage\sly view$ 9 conjunction ) ,longleat1 9 ,wilt%ire1#acj ! noble seat ( ! ,m>quess ( ,ba?4 ,! erection ( ! latt] 0 n comm5c$ till ! ye> #aefg1 ?us leav+ an int]val ( at lea/ half a c5tury betwe5 !m2 a p]iod1 probably1 mu* ! same z may be presum$ f o!r docum5ts to h int]v5$ betwe5 ! introduction ( ! ,italian /yle ( ar*itecture 9 ,france & 9 ,engl&4 ,longleat 0 built by ,john ( ,padua1 :o is /at$ by ,mr4 ,britton1 to h be5 an ar*itect ( "s note at ! "t2 z is ev9c$ by 8 be+ t]m$ ,devizor ( 8 ,maje/y's build+s1 & by ! grant made him by ,h5ry ,,viii4 & r5ew$ 9 ! ?ird ye> ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri 0 also ! production ( trans-alp9e ar*itects4 ,bo? ( !m be> decid$ m>ks ( ! nation to :i* !y owe _! orig92 b 9 ! ,engli% mansion1 ! ,italian features are mo/ decid$ly en\nc$2 :ile1 9 ! ,fr5*1 !y are /rik+ly modifi$ by ! peculi>ities ( _! adopt$ c\ntry4 ,! c5tral comp>tm5t 7plate sixty-?ree7 has be5 select$ by ,mr4 ,cotman = publication1 z be+ ! portion ( ! /ructure :i* is 9 ! pure/ ta/e4 ,?is also mo/ resembles ,longleat4 ,b x is on ! o!r h& by f> ! lea/ ornam5t$4 ,! re/ ( ! front ( ! build+ is cov]$ ) ! ri*e/ pr(usion ( m$allions1 scrolls1 friezes1 canopies1 /atues1 & arabesques1 9 bas-relief1 work$ ) extraord9>y c>e1 & ( great beauty4 ,_! /yle is t ( ! ,loggie ( ,raphael2 or1 to comp>e !m ) ano!r ,norman subject ( ! same ra1 ( ! sculptures ^u ! mausoleum rais$ to ! ,c>d9al d',amboise1 9 ,r\5 ca!dral3 inde$1 = delicacy ( workman%ip1 !y may almo/ compete ) ! ornam5ts ^u ?is f>-fam$ monum5t4#aca ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fd4 ,,h\se ,,9 ,,! ,,place ,,de ,,la ,,pucelle1 ,,at ,,r\54 ,= ! draw+ ( ! second ( ! h\ses "h figur$1 t 9 ! ,place de la ,pucelle1 at ,r\51 7see plate sixty-f\r17 ,mr4 ,cotman has to ackn[l$ge himself indebt$ to ! p5cil ( ,miss ,m>y ,turn]4 ,r\5 ab\nds 9 build+s1 ^: fronts are ornam5t$ 9 a some:at simil> mann]1 b none among !m w be> a comp>ison ) ?is = ! sumptu\sness ( its decorations4#acb ,9 ano!r & m important po9t ( view1 ! h\se 9 "q /&s /ill m decid$ly unrivall$2 = a w+ ( x1 :i* is n %ewn 9 ! pres5t plate1 exhibits a s]ies ( repres5tations1 illu/rative ( diff]5t ev5ts connect$ ) ! *ivalr\s meet+ 9 ! field ( clo? ( gold4 ,^! figures h be5 already engrav$3 !y 7 fir/ publi%$ by ,montfaucon2 !n copi$ by ,duc>el2 &1 v rec5tly1 two ( !m h aga9 appe>$ 9 ! publications ( ,mr4 ,dibd9#acc & ,mr4 ,turn]4#acd ,! latt] ( ^! g5tlem5 has be5 copi\s 9 8 description ( ?is build+2 & ! foll[+ acc\nt ( x is borr[$ ne>ly v]batim f 8 pages3-- ,9 ! squ>e :i* has acquir$ an ill-om5$ celebrity by ! b>b>\s execution ( ! ,maid ( ,arc1 /&s a h\se )9 a c\rt1 n[ occupi$ z a s*ool = girls1 ( ! same ra z ! ,palais de ,ju/ice1 & 9 ! same ,burgundian /yle1 b f> ri*] 9 its sculptures4 ,! entire front is divid$ into comp>tm5ts by sl5d] & l5g!n$ buttresses & pila/]s4 ,! int]v5+ spaces are fill$ ) basso relievos1 evid5tly execut$ at "o p]iod1 ?\gh by diff]5t ma/]s4 ,a banquet b5ea? a w9d[ 9 ! fir/ floor1 is 9 a good c9que-c5to /yle4 ,o!rs ( ! basso-relievos repres5t ! labors ( ! field & ! v9ey>d2 ri* & fanciful 9 _! co/ume1 b r wood5 9 _! design3 ! salam&]1 ! emblem ( ,francis ,i4 appe>s sev]al times among/ ! ornam5ts1 & v conspicu\sly4 ,i believe !re is n a s+le squ>e foot ( ?is extraord9>y build+1 :i* has n be5 sculptur$4--,on ! nor? side ext5ds a spaci\s gall]y4 ,"h ! ar*itecture is r 9 ,holbe9's mann]3 foliag$ & swell+ pila/]s1 l antique c&elabra1 b\nd ! ar*$ w9d[s4 ,b5ea?1 is ! well-kn[n s]ies ( bas-reliefs1 execut$ on m>ble tablets1 repres5t+ ! int]view betwe5 ,francis ,i4 ( ,france1 & ,h5ry ,,viii4 ( ,engl&1 9 ! ,*amp du ,drap d'or1 betwe5 ,guisnes & ,ardres4 ,!y 7 fir/ discov]$ by ! v5]able fa!r ,montfaucon1 :o engrav$ !m 9 8 ,monum5s de la ,mon>*ie ,franaise2 b to ! great] "p ( our antiqu>ies at home1 !y are1 p]haps1 m commonly kn[n by ! mis]able copies ins]t$ 9 ,duc>el's "w1 :o has borr[$ mo/ ( 8 plates f ! ,b5$ict9e4--,^! sculptures are mu* mutilat$1 & s obscur$ by smoke & dirt1 t ! details _c be und]/ood )\t great difficulty4 ,! correspond+ tablets above ! w9d[s are ev5 9 a worse condition2 & !y appe> to h be5 almo/ un9telligible 9 ! "t ( ,montfaucon1 :o conjectures t !y 7 allegorical1 & probably int5d$ to repres5t ! triumph ( religion4 ,ea* tablet conta9s a triumphal c>1 drawn by diff]5t animals--"o by elephants1 ano!r by lions1 & s on1 & cr[d$ ) my?ological figures & attributes4--,a fri5d ( m9e1 :o exam9$ !m ?is summ]1 tells me1 t he ?9ks ! subjects are ei!r tak5 f ! triumphs ( ,petr>*1 or imitat$ f ! triumphs introduc$ 9 ! ,polifilo4 ,graphic repres5tations ( allegories are susceptible ( s _m v>iations1 t an arti/1 embody+ ! ideas ( ! poet1 might produce a repres5tation be>+ a close resemblance to ! my?ological processions ( ! 'my/ic dream4'--,! int]ior ( ! h\se has be5 mod]niz$3 s t a beam cov]$ ) small c>v+s is ! only rema9+ object ( curiosity4 ,on ! top1 a bun* ( lead5 ?i/les has be5 a sad puzzle to antiqu>ies1 :o w\ld fa9 f9d "s connection betwe5 ! build+ & ,scotl&2 b nei!r record nor tradition ?r[ any light ^u _! rese>*es4 ,montfaucon1 copy+ f a manuscript writt5 by ! ,abb ,noel1 says1 ',i h m ?an once be5 told1 t ,francis ,i4 on 8 way ?r\gh ,r\51 lodg$ at ?is h\se2 & x is mo/ probable1 t ! bas-reliefs 9 "q 7 made ^u "s ( ^! occasions1 to gratify ! k+ by ! repres5tation ( a fe/ival1 9 :i* he p>ticul>ly delight$4' ,! gall]y-sculptures are v f9e1 & ! upp] ti] is mu* 9 ! /yle ( ,jean ,g\jon4 ,x is n g5]ally kn[n t ,g\jon re-drew ! embelli%m5ts ( ,b]oald de ,v]ville's translation ( ! ,polifilo2 & t ^!1 beautiful z !y are 9 ! ,ald9e edition1 acquir$ new graces f ! ,fr5* arti/--,i h rem>k$1 t ! allegorical tablets appe> to co9cide ) ! designs ( ! ,polifilo3 a m accurate exam9ation might1 p]haps1 prove ! fact2 & !n little d\bt w\ld rema94 ,! build+ is mu* dilapidat$2 &1 unless spe$ily repair$1 ^! basso-relievos1 :i* w\ld adorn any museum1 w utt]ly p]i%4 ,9 spite ( neglect & degradations1 ! aspect ( ! mansion is /ill su* t1 z my fri5d obs]v$1 "o w\ld expect to see a fair & /ately matron /&+ 9 ! por*1 attir$ 9 velvet1 wait+ to receive h] "l4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fe4 ,,h\se ,,9 ,,! ,,rue ,,/4 ,,jean1 ,,at ,,ca54 ,to ! h\se at ,ca5#ace 7figur$ 9 plate sixty-five7 are atta*$ no hi/orical mem5tos2 nor is any record pres]v$ z to its f\nd] or possessor4 ,x is n ev5 honor$ by ! slighte/ m5tion 9 ! ,abb ,de la ,rue's rec5t publication1 or 9 ^? ( ,de ,b\rgueville or ,huet4 ,9 all probability x owes its exi/5ce to "s weal?y citiz51 dur+ ! reigns ( ,*>les ,,viii4 or ,l\is ,,xii4 z x 0 pr9cipally at t p]iod1 t ! practice prevail$ 9 ,france1 ( ornam5t+ ! fronts ( ! h\ses ) m$allions4 ,! cu/om di$ away "u ,francis ,i4#acf--;,accord+ to ?is !ory1 ! h\ses at ,ca5 & at ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri may be plac$ 9 exactly ! same ra1 & ab\t =ty ye>s ant]ior to t at ,r\54 ,ca5 c %[ ano!r rem>kable in/ance ( dome/ic ar*itecture1 a ca/ellat$ build+1 :i*1 x has be5 rem>k$1 might easily mislead ! /udi\s antiqu>y4 ,?is build+1 commonly kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,*teau de la ,g5d>m]ie1 b m prop]ly call$ ! ,*teau de ,calix1 is g5]ally believ$ by ! inhabitants ( ! t[n to h be5 erect$ = ! purpose ( comm&+ ! riv]1 :ile x fl[$ 9 its anci5t1 b n[ des]t$1 b$4 ,accord+1 h[ev]1 to ! ,abb ,de la ,rue1 no =tification ( any description ev] exi/$ 9 ! same place2 b ! /ructure1 h[ev] m>tial 9 its appe>ance1 0 9 its "* altoge!r pacific1 & 0 built dur+ "s ( ! late/ ye>s ( ! fifte5?1 or e>lie/ ( ! sixte5?1 c5tury1 by ,gir>d de ,noll5t1 !n own] ( ! prop]ty4#acg ,two /atues1 app>5tly int5d$ to repres5t hea!n div9ities1 b n[ absurdly call$ ,g5d>mes1 fr[n ov] its battlem5ts1 :i*1 l ^? ( ! adjac5t wall1 & l ! face ( ! pr9cipal t[]1 are /ill *>g$ ) m$allions1 ?\gh ! ebullition ( revolution>y en?usiasm has de/roy$ ! arms ( ! ,noll5ts4 ,previ\sly to dismiss+ ?is subject1 x may be wor? :ile to rem>k1 t ! ogee canopy1 surm\nt+ ! w9d[ plac$ betwe5 ! two m$allions 9 ! h\se 9 ! ,rue ,/4 ,jean1 at ,ca51 is ne>ly a fac-simile ( t :i* is /ill se5 ov] ! door t l$ to :at 0 once ! great hall 9 ! ,conqu]or's palace1 adjo9+ ! abbey ( ,/4 ,/eph54 ,! resemblance betwe5 !m is s great1 t x w\ld be difficult to believe t !y are ( v diff]5t dates4 ,b ! palace 0 unque/ionably ! production ( m ?an "o ra2 & 9 ! sc>city ( mat]ials = ! =m+ ( a correct op9ion ^u ! subject1 x is impossible to say1 :e!r ! door 9 "q may n h be5 ins]t$ "s "t aft] its erection1 or ev5 :e!r ! ornam5tal "p may n h be5 add$ to x at a p]iod subsequ5t to its =mation4 ,,notes3 #abi ,! h\se at ,ca51 is t :i* is "h allud$ to4--,x has already be5 m5tion$1 t ! ,great ,h\se at ,&elys has suff]$ ! same fate4 ,s9ce ! acc\nt ( t circum/ance 0 writt51 ! au?or ( ! pres5t article has be5 favor$ ) ! foll[+ extract f a lett] f ,"l ,compton1 dat$ 9 ,augu/ la/3--,! noble gr&e maison d',&elys1 is n[1 alas1 no m6 ,we made a dt\r by a horrible road1 = ! purpose ( visit+ x2 b great 0 our mortification to f9d only a small piece ( unornam5t$ wall1 ! sole ve/ige :i* ! b>b>ians _h left /&+2 & t is n[ probably de/roy$--& 'gre5 grass gr[s :]e ,troy-t[n /ood4' ,i ne$ h>dly say1 t ,i d]iv$ a great deal ( pleasure f a ?ree-days' /ay at ,r\52 aft] :i* we made an excursion to ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville & ,jumieges1 & 7 highly int]e/$ & pleas$ by bo?4--,oh6 t ! ,v&als w\ld leave ! abbey ( ,jumieges1 ev5 9 its pres5t /ate ( dilapidation6 ,9 a few ye>s1 ) ! mell[+ t9ts ( "t1 & ! ornam5t ( a little ivy & vegetation1 x w\ld be "o ( ! mo/ picturesque & beautiful ru9s 9 ,europe2 b1 alas6 x is 9 va9 to hope x4 ,cotman's repres5tations ( ,jumieges & ,&elys w n[ be d\bly valuable4 #acj ,figur$ & describ$ 9 ,britton's ,ar*itectural ,antiquities1 ,,ii4 p4 #aje4 #aca ,see ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #aeg4 #acb ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s build+s ( ?is description1 ! anci5t abbey ( ,/4 ,am&1 0 n only ri* to ! greate/ degree ( pr(usion 9 its decorations1 b d]iv$ a peculi> int]e/ f _! be+ almo/ :olly c>v$ 9 wood4 ,?is build+ is n[ ne>ly de/roy$2 b1 =tunately1 "s ( its pr9cipal features are record$ 9 f\r ( ! plates ( ,m4 de ,jolimont's ,monum5s de la ,norm&ie4 #acc ,bibliographical1 ,antiqu>ian1 & ,picturesque ,t\r ?r\gh ,france1 c4 ,i4 p4 #aja4 #acd ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #bjj4 #ace ,on ! front ( ! new h\se1 :i* has lately be5 erect$ ^u ! spot t 0 occupi$ by ?is1 h be5 fa/5$ ! two m$allions "h repres5t$3 ^! alone 7 sav$ f ! g5]al de/ruction4 #acf ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #agj4 #acg ,essais ,hi/oriques sur la ,ville de ,ca51 ,i4 p4 #caj4 ,,plate ,,lxvi4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,tr,,port4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ff4 ,,t[] ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,tr,,port1 ,,ne> ,,eu4 ,trport is an insignificant fi%+-t[n1 situat$ at ! m\? ( ! small riv]1 ! ,bresle1 ne> ! we/]n extremity ( ,norm&y4 ,b1 h[ev] unimportant its pres5t /ate1 mo/ writ]s agree 9 reg>d+ x z v5]able = antiquity1 assign+ to x an exi/5ce coeval ) ! days ( ,julius ,cs>4 ,t illu/ri\s g5]al speaks ( a h>bor1 op5+ into ! ,briti% ,*annel1 "u ! d5om9ation ( ,ult]ior ,portus2 & by ?is "n he is suppos$ to h int5d$ to designate ,trport4 ,! mod]n ,lat9 hi/orians ( ,france apply ! title )\t scruple3 x is ev5 s us$ 9 ! *>t] = ! f\ndation ( ! abbey1 dat$ 9 ! middle ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,! v s5sible au?or ( ! ,description ( ,upp] ,norm&y1 is1 h[ev]1 ( op9ion1 t su* application is n w>rant$2 &1 aft] discuss+ ! subject at "s l5g?1 he incl9es to ?9k x m probable t ,trport may h be5 t]m$ by ! ,romans1 ,cit]ior ,portus2 ?\gh he c&idly admits t he f9ds no m5tion ( a place s call$ among _! writ]s4#ach ,! mod]n "n ( ! t[n he d]ives f ! ,celtic ^w1 ,treiz2 or1 z x is sometimes spelt1 ,traiz1 ,trais1 or ,treaz2 a ^w /ill 9 use 9 ,l[] ,brittany1 to signify ! passage ( an arm ( ! sea1 or ( a riv] t[>ds its m\?4 ,accord+ to ! same au?or1 !re is no reason to believe t ,trport 0 a place ( note1 ei!r dur+ ! p]iod ( ! dom9ion ( ! ,gauls1 or ( ! ,romans4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! twelf? c5tury1 h[ev]1 x has excit$1 at diff]5t times1 a great] or less degree ( int]e/4 ,v>i\s attempts h be5 made to raise x into comm]cial importance2 &1 sunk z x is at pres5t1 x once c\ld boa/ r[s ( h&some1 well-built /reets1 a consid]able numb] ( inhabitants1 & z _m z a hundr$ vessels1 fi%+-boats includ$1 belong+ to ! port4--,h5ry ,i4 "o ( ! e>lie/ ,c\nts ( ,eu1 turn$ 9 #aaja1 ! c\rse ( ! ,bresle1 s z to br+ x m imm$iately "u ! walls ( ,trport3 x 0 he also :o dug ! fir/ h>bor4 ,ano!r ( ! same l9e ( ,c\nts1 ,*>les ( ,artois1 repair$ ?is h>bor 9 #adge1 & und]took ! great] "w ( cutt+ a navigable canal z f> z ,eu4 ,! task1 h[ev]1 0 susp5d$ long be=e its completion2 b ! ve/iges /ill rema91 & ev5 to ! pres5t day pass "u ! "n ( ! ,canal d',artois4 ,9 #aaed1 a fre% attempt 0 made1 & by a f> great] man1 to raise ! prosp]ity ( ,trport4 ,h5ry1 ,duke ( ,guise1 caus$ a bas9 to be =m$ "h1 capable ( conta9+ %ips ( ?ree hundr$ tons bur!n2 & add$ to x a jetty1 def5d$ by /rong palisades4 ,! :ole 0 %ortly aft] swept away2 nor did bett] success att5d ! labors ( ! celebrat$ ,vauban1 :o1 admir+ ! situation ( ! t[n1 und]took1 aft] a lapse ( "o hundr$ & ?irty-f\r ye>s1 to repair ! works ( ! ,duke ( ,guise4 ,b ! sea is n ! only enemy ) :i* ,trport has _h to cont5d3 its mis=tunes h also be5 9 great measure attributable to its def5celess /ate1 situat$ z x is1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,engl&4 ,! ,briti% fleet effect$ a l&+ 9 #accj1 & de/roy$ ! t[n ) fire & ! sword4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! succe$+ ye>1 !y return$ ) ! same design2 & aga9 9 #adac2 on :i* la/ occasion1 n cont5t ) burn+ ,trport itself1 !y likewise set fire to _m neighbor+ villages4 ,! religi\s w>s dur+ ! foll[+ c5tury 7 ! s\rce ( almo/ equal calamities2 b nei!r ! sea nor w>f>e h inflict$ su* fatal w\nds ^u ,trport1 z causes emanat+ imm$iately f ! prosp]ity ( ,france4 ,its proximity to ! fl\ri%+ h>bor ( ,dieppe1 has naturally div]t$ its trade to t qu>t]3 ! re/oration ( ,calais to ! ,fr5* mon>*y1 caus$ x a yet m irrep>able injury2 =1 previ\sly to t "t1 ,trport 0 ! pr9cipal place 9 ! *annel1 = ! bak+ ( biscuit1 & = ! l&+ & cur+ ( ! h]r+s caught by ! fi%]m5 ( ,france 9 ! ,g]man ,ocean4 ,trport 0 "o ( ! fir/ ,fr5* t[ns t af=d$ a resid5ce = ! ,knights ,templ>s4 ,a colony ( !m e/abli%$ !mselves "h 9 #aada4 ,9 ! middle ( ! prec$+ c5tury1 its abbey ( ,b5$ict9es1 d$icat$ to ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael1 _h be5 f\nd$ by ,rob]t1 ,e>l ( ,eu4 ,! f\ndation-*>t] is pres]v$1 bo? 9 ! ,neu/ria ,pia & ,gallia ,*ri/iana2 & a v curi\s docum5t x is1 z illu/rative ( ! mann]s ( ! times4 ,rob]t appe>s 9 x 9 ! light ( a mo/ lib]al1 & a mo/ weal?y1 b5efactor4 ,n ! lea/ extraord9>y ( 8 donations1 is ! p]mission :i* he be/[s ^u ! monks1 ( gett+ :atev] !y c 9 ! t[ns ( ,eu & ( ,trport3 imm$iately aft] ?is1 succe$ p>ticul> grants relative to /urgeons & grampuses1 fi% t are n[ ( extremely r>e occurr5ce 9 ! *annel1 b :i* w\ld sc>cely h !re be5 notic$1 _h n ! case 9 ^? times be5 f> diff]5t2 & _h !y n also be5 held 9 high e/imation4#aci ,j "o hundr$ ye>s subsequ5tly to ! f\ndation ( ! mona/]y1 ,john1 ,c\nt ( ,eu1 confirm$ to x :atev] donations x _h previ\sly receiv$2 9 do+ :i*1 he makes use ( ?is s+ul> expression1 t he places !m all ) 8 own h&s ^u ! alt>4 ,8 piety1 h[ev]1 appe>s to h be5 b %ort-liv$4 ,a few ye>s only elaps$ be=e ! same nobleman 0 guilty ( flagrant sacrilege 9 ! v abbey t he _h sworn to protect4 ,8 crime & 8 p5it5ce are toge!r record$ 9 an in/rum5t pr9t$ 9 ! ,neu/ria ,pia4#adj ,:at is fur!r kn[n relative to ! conv5t1 is little & unimportant4 ,! mo/ rem>kable circum/ance1 is ! extreme pov]ty to :i* ! monks 7 r$uc$ 9 #achd2 :51 on be+ call$ ^u to pay ! sum ( =ty-six %ill+s & eight-p5ce1 !y plead$ _! utt] inability1 & pres5t$ to ! k+ ! foll[+ pite\s remon/rance3--,cette ,abbae1 tant fronti]e de l',anglois1 n'aant ni *teau ni df5se1 a t arse et mise en un si *etif po9t1 qu'il y a peu de lieux o n\s puissions habit]1 si ce n'e/ s demeurans des anci5s edifices1 et s vieilles masures4444444444 ,notre gr&e ,eglise e/ arse depuis tr5te ans1 et une autre petite ,eglise qu'avions depuis refaite1 gr& mes*ief e/ ru9e et *ue jusqu'en t]re1 avec la clo/ure et t\t le dortoir ars1 ensemble nos bi5s et nos lits4444 ,de plus sommes endettez en ,c\r de ,rome p\r les f9ances dez ,abbez qu'avons eus en brief temps2 et devons encore plusieurs p]sones de grosses sommes de d5i]s que n'avons pu1 et ne p\vons encore acquitt]2 dont c'e/ piti4444 f9alem5t p\r paer #aj livres sur les #ef livres dem&es p> le ,receveur1 avons engag nos ,calices sans les p\voir retir]4 ,,notes3 #ach ,description de la ,haute ,norm&ie1 ,i4 p4 #ac4 #aci ,! :ole ( ! passage is curi\s4--,item 9 ,ult]iori ,portu et 9 ,auco oppido2 decimam d5>iorum de ,vice-comitatibus1 et 9 utrque vill quicquid abbas et mona*i acquir]e pot]unt4 ,quod si hom9es ,abbatis piscem1 qui vocatur ,turium1 capiunt1 totus erit ,s4 ,mi*aelis3 crassus piscis si captus fu]it1 ala una et m$ietas caud erit mona*is4--,f ?is passage1 x is pla9 :at importance 0 atta*$ to ! crassus piscis1 "u :i* d5om9ation 7 probably includ$ ! porpesse1 ! dolph91 & all k9ds ( cetace\s animals1 z well z ! grampus4 ,ducange1 ) 8 usual ability & le>n+1 has br\ght toge!r a consid]able quantity ( curi\s matt] ^u ! subject1 "u ! ^w1 ,craspiscis4 ,f him x appe>s t1 9 ! ye> #abga1 ! "q 0 argu$ be=e ! ,norman p>liam5t1 to :om su* fi% belong$1 9 ! ev5t ( its be+ ?r[n ^u ! %ore2 & ! decision 0 9 ! foll[+ words4--,quod consuetudo g5]alis e/ 9 ,normanni1 quod1 qu&o talis piscis inv5itur 9 littore m>is1 nec ,b>o1 nec ,miles1 nec alius1 qui a ,rege t5eat1 talem piscem habet1 si valeat ultra #ej libras1 nisi p] c>tam eum habeat4--,see also ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #ba1 respect+ ! exi/5ce ( a :ale-fi%]y ne> ,jumieges1 ^u ! au?ority ( ! writ] ( ! ,ge/a ,sancti ,philib]ti4 #adj ,p4 #ehi4--,notum sit univ]sis ,ecclesi ,dei filiis1 quod ego ,joannes1 ,comes ,auci1 pro /ip5dio militum et s]vi5tium1 quos t5ui p] gu]ram ,regis1 invadiavi maximam p>tem et optimam ,!sauri ,ecclesi ,s4 ,mi*alis de ,ult]ior-,portu1 duos videlicet ,textus prtiosos1 et duo ,?uribula prtiosa1 unum calicem arg5teum1 et optim deauratum2 cappas c>as vig9ti quatuor3 casulam p]atam et bonam3 ,prt]ea1 tot et tantis gravam9ibus prfatam ,ecclesiam tam sp gravavi1 qum vices gravam9um num]>e non possem3 qu>e pro multis pauca1 pro magnis p>ua1 rep5d5s1 conc$o1 et 9 p]petuum d prdict ,ecclesi1 av5am et frum5tum de ,v]leio1 qu p]t9et ad ,=e/agium4 ,dilig5t] autem hr$es exoro1 ne ,ecclesias t]r su grav5t1 s$ honor5t et protegant4 ,et si quid eis pro salute anim me et p>5tum meorum d$i1 vel pro ablatis r$didi1 9 pace /abilit] t5]e faciant3 recordantes1 quod ipsi morituri sunt3 ,sicut prdecessores no/ri mortui sunt4 ,,plate ,,lxvii4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,anisy4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fg4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,anisy1 ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,! pres5t plate has be5 introduc$ into ?is "w1 ) ! view ( exhibit+ a ,norman village *ur* ( unque/ionable antiquity1 hav+ its walls1 on ei!r side1 built ( a co>se d>k /one1 fa%ion$ l ,roman bricks1 & dispos$ 9 a zig-zag1 or1 z x is m commonly t]m$1 a h]r+-bone direction4 ,a simil> disposition ( ! masonry is obs]vable 9 a portion ( ! *ur* ( ,p]ri]s1 ! subject ( ! foll[+ plate3 x is /ill m conspicu\s at ! neighbor+ *ur* ( ,/4 ,mat?ieu1 already m5tion$ 9 ?is "w4#ada ,! old *ur* ( ,/4 ,croix1 at ,/4 ,lo1 & ! l[] "p ( ! ea/ end ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,hildeb]t1 at ,g\rnai1 exhibit ! same peculi>ity1 :i*1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,turn]1 likewise exi/s 9 portions ( ! out] walls ( ! ca/le at ,arques1 z well z 9 ! keep ( ! ca/le at ,falaise4#adb ,^! v>i\s in/ances1 all ( !m tak5 f /ructures :i* are beyond a d\bt ( ,norman orig91 w remove any hesitation z to ! ,normans hav+ practis$ ?is mode ( build+4 ,/ill f>!r confirmation w be f\nd 9 ! ,engli% ca/les ( ,tamwor? & ,col*e/]1 bo? ( ! same e>ly ra3#adc ! /ones1 9 ! latt]1 are dispos$ precisely z "h figur$3 9 ! =m]1 horizontal /rata regul>ly alt]nate ) ! incl9$1 z if 9 imitation ( v>i\s ,roman rema9s4#add ,&1 inde$1 t !y 7 really con/ruct$ ) su* an int5tion1 appe>s highly probable2 z1 accord+ to ,sir ,h5ry ,englefield1 ^: au?ority is unque/ionable1 ! same /yle ( masonry is se5 at ,sil*e/]1 :i* is mo/ c]ta9ly a pure ,roman relic3 x is ev5 /at$1 t ! old walls ( ! city ( ,rome 7 s built4#ade ,ab/ract$ f ! peculi>ity j notic$1 !re is little 9 ! *ur* ( ,anisy to excite int]e/4 ,a flat m\ld+1 n less wide ?an a buttress1 & surm\nt$ by a n>r[ /r+-c\rse ( ! pla9e/ "*1 is cont9u$ r\nd ! :ole nave1 & divides x into two /ories ( equal height2 :ile f\r ,norman buttresses1 on ei!r side1 sep>ate x into ?ree comp>tm5ts4 ,9 ! orig9al /ate ( ! *ur*1 ! w9d[s 7 conf9$ to ! upp] portion alone1 & alt]nat$ ) ! buttresses3 !y rose f ! /r+-c\rse1 n>r[1 circul>-head$1 surr\nd$ ) squ>$ free/one1 & hav+ no o!r ornam5t ?an a sl5d] cyl9drical m\ld+ above4 ,9 succe$+ times1 ei!r ! want ( a suffici5t quantity ( light1 or a desire = improvem5t1 l$ to ! introduction ( l>g] c9quefoil-head$ w9d[s1 occupy+ equal portions ( ! upp] & l[] /ories4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ?is "p ( ! *ur*1 ! ap]tures made by ! scaffold+ are left2 &1 :at is rem>kable1 are edg$ ) free/one4 ,! corbels are grotesque2 & ! subjects ( "s indec5t4--,9 ! we/ front !re is no?+ rem>kable3 ! door-way & w9d[ above are ( ! mo/ common "* ( ,norman ar*itecture3 nei!r 9 ?is "p ( ! *ur*1 nor 9 ! *ancel1 is ! h]r+-bone masonry cont9u$2 nor does ! horizontal m\ld+ ext5d ov] ei!r ( !m4 ,,notes3 #ada ,p4 #af4 #adb ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #cg4 #adc ,x is hop$1 t ?is ass]tion is n too bold4--,! acc\nts ( ,tamwor? ca/le1 z a build+1 are inde$ p>ticul>ly unsatisfactory3 nei!r ,lel&1 9 8 ,it9]>y1 nor ,%aw1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,/af=d%ire1 ?r[ any light ^u ! ra ( its con/ruction4 ,yet1 ev5 f ! wret*$ plate giv5 9 ! latt] "w1 ! ca/le1 all alt]$ z x is1 appe>s to pres]ve some:at ( ! "* ( its ,norman orig92 :ile ! fact ( its hav+ belong$ to ! p[]ful family ( ,m>mion1 imm$iately aft] ! conque/1 adds hi/orical probability to ! op9ion4 ,) reg>d to ,col*e/]1 no "o :o has se5 x w feel hesitation on ! subject1 al?\gh ! quantity ( ,roman bricks visible 9 e "p1 v naturally lead to ! conclusion1 t x 0 rais$ ^u ! ru9s ( a f> e>li] edifice4 #add ,c>t]'s ,anci5t ,ar*itecture1 p4 #cf1 pl4 #db1 fig4 ,e4 #ade ,/rutt's ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anglo-,saxons1 c4 ,i4 p4 #bh4 ,,plate ,,lxviii4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,p]ri]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fh4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,p]ri]s1 ,,ne> ,,ca54 ,! upp] half ( ?is plate exhibits a nor?-we/ view ( ! *ur* ( ,p]ri]s3 ! l[] repres5ts x 9 ! opposite direction4 ,f bo? x w be obs]v$1 t ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! build+ are ! productions ( two diff]5t ras1 ! nave hav+ be5 erect$ dur+ ! preval5ce ( ! semi-circul> ar*itecture1 :ile ! *ancel exhibits a specim5 ( probably ! v e>lie/ p]iod ( ! po9t$ /yle4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! prec$+ plate1 x is n un9t]e/+ to rem>k1 t ! h]r+-bone masonry is1 9 ?is in/ance1 altoge!r conf9$ to ! m e>ly portion ( ! /ructure1 ! :ole ( :i* is compos$ ( x1 ) ! exception ( ! buttresses4 ,! great we/]n door-way to ! *ur* ( ,p]ri]s is v peculi>4 ,mr4 ,cotman reg>ds x z ! only in/ance1 9 ! du*y1 ( a real ,norman build+ hav+ its pr9cipal entrance squ>e-head$4 ,its massive l9tel1 %ap$1 z at ,bieville1 into a p$im5t1 & surm\nt$ by an ar*1 :i* is r ! segm5t ( an ellipsis ?an ( a circle1 is likewise rem>kable4 ,b ! v l>ge ar* on ! nor!rn side ( ! nave1 adjo9+ ! we/ end1 is by f> ! mo/ /rik+ ar*itectural feature ( ! build+4 ,x w\ld be difficult1 if n impossible1 to assign any satisfactory reason = its exi/5ce4 ,its situation precludes ! idea ( its hav+ be5 plac$ !re by way ( support to ! t[]3 its size =bids ! supposition1 t x ev] s]v$ z an entrance4 ,_h !re be5 an aisle or *apel beyond1 x c]ta9ly might h be5 ! m$ium ( _! communication ) ! ma9 build+2 b ! buttress contigu\s to x1 proves t ! wall 9 :i* x is ins]t$1 0 ! out] wall ( ! *ur*4 ,z x is1 x appe>s a p]fect anomaly1 & mu/ rema9 z a crux = ! +5uity ( future antiqu>ies4 ,! simil> ar*1 n[ block$ up1 at ! we/]n extremity ( ! *ancel1 places x almo/ beyond a d\bt t ! *ur* _h a c5tral t[]4 ,! w9d[s ( ! *ancel f> exce$1 9 po9t ( l5g? & n>r[ness1 any o!rs t h yet appe>$ 9 ?is "w4 ,!y are :olly de/itute ( m\ld+s or decoration ( any description2 b1 l ^? at ,anisy1 are edg$ ) free/one1 z are ! ap]tures left by ! scaffold+1 :i* 9 ?is build+ are dispos$ ) unusual regul>ity1 z if ) ! int5tion ( _! be+ ornam5tal4 ,?is introduction ( :ite smoo? /one1 assorts ill ) ! dull r$di%-br[n mass all ar\nd x1 & produces a gl>+ & disagreeable effect4 ,! ind5t$ cornice is simil> to t obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,turn] ^u ! gate-t[]1 lead+ to ! mona/]y ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 at ,ca54#adf ,,notes3 #adf ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #ahc4 ,,plate ,,lxix4 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,lillebonne4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fi4 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,lillebonne4 ,julius ,cs>1 ! pr9cipal s\rce ( in=mation respect+ anci5t ,gaul1 at ! same "t t he m5tions ! ,caletes1 ! inhabitants ( ! mod]n ,pays de ,caux1 is altoge!r sil5t ) reg>d to ! pr9cipal city ( _! t]ritory4 ,f ,ptolemy1 h[ev]1 & ! ,it9]>y ( ,anton9us1 x appe>s1 t su* city 0 call$ ,juliobona2#adg &1 not)/&+ ! attempts ( ,cluvi] & ,adri5 de ,valois to e/abli% ,dieppe z ! site ( ?is ,caletian metropolis1#adh ! le>n$ ( ! pres5t day seem unanim\sly agre$ to fix x at ,lillebonne2 & !re are b few :o are n also ( op9ion1 t ! pres5t ,fr5* "n is a corruption ( ! anci5t ,roman "o4 ,"s ,lat9 writ]s ( ! twelf? c5tury make m5tion ( ,insula ,bona2 & ! ^w1 ,lillebonne1 spelt1 z x n uncommonly is1 ,l',ilebonne1 might be reg>d$ z orig9at+ f t appellation1 ( :i*1 inde$1 x is a lit]al translation4 ,b ! po9t is n wor? argu+3 x is equally possible1 t ,insula ,bona may be no o!r ?an ,lillebonne lat9iz$4 ,leav+ all discussions ( ?is k9d1 & equally pass+ by ! attempts :i* h be5 made to d]ive ! "n ( ,lillebonne f ,celtic roots1#adi x is at lea/ c]ta91 t ! place 0 a ,roman settlem5t2 & ! und\bt$ fact ( no few] ?an five ,roman roads bran*+ f x1 to diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1#aej ju/ifies ! inf]5ce1 t x 0 likewise a settlem5t ( "s importance4 ,! subt]rane\s passages & f\ndations ( anci5t build+s1 scatt]$ ov] a wide ext5t ( gr\nd1 atte/ a place ( no small size4 ,! rema9s ( a !atre1#aea add$ to abundance ( vases1 c9]>y urns1 sepul*ral lamps1 & co9s & m$als1 bo? ( ! upp] & l[] empire1 :i* h be5 f "t to "t dug up "h1 prove x to h be5 occupi$ by ! ,romans dur+ a consid]able p]iod4 ,b no records rema91 ei!r ( its greatness or ov]?r[4 ,x fell1 9 all probability1 9 consequ5ce ( ! irruptions ( ! nor!rn hordes1 & 0 swept away1 l o!r neighbor+ t[ns1 ,unkn[n _! arts1 & lo/ _! *ronicl]s4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! g5]al de/ruction1 x is possible t "s rema9s ( ! city may h be5 left1 t attract$ ! notice ( ! new lords ( ! c\ntry3 or1 possibly1 _! *oice 0 fix$ by ! lovely situation ( ,lillebonne1 9 a valley ^u ! ea/]n bank ( ! ,se9e1 n f> f ! m\? ( t maje/ic /ream4 ,:ile ,norm&y 0 rul$ by its own pr9ces1 ,lillebonne 0 ! seat ( a ducal palace2 & tradition1 ^: accuracy 9 ?is in/ance !re is no reason to impugn1 tea*es t ! actual rema9s ( su* palace are to be se5 9 ! build+ "h figur$4 ,x ev5 goes f>!r1 & ma9ta9s t ?is hall is ! v spot 9 :i* ,william assembl$ 8 b>ons1 = ! purpose ( he>+ _! c\nsel1 & m>%all+ _! =ces1 prep>atory to 8 desc5t ^u ,engl&4#aeb ,8 actual resid5ce at ,lillebonne at v>i\s times is cle>1 f a numb] ( *>t]s :i* be> date f ?is place4 ,9 "o ( ^!1 grant$ 9 ! ye> #ajgd1 = ! sake ( e/abli%+#aec h>mony betwe5 ! ,abbot ( ,/4 ,w&rille & ! ,c\nt ( ,evreux1 ! sov]eign /yles himself gloriosus rex ,anglorum & he dates x a ,ca/ro ,julio-,bona4 ,at ano!r "t1 9 consequ5ce ( a dispute respect+ ! succession to ! abbacy ( ,/4 ,evr\l1 ,ord]icus ,vitalis relates1 t "o ( ! rival competitors repair$ to ! ,duke1 :o 0 !n hold+ 8 c\rt at ,lillebonne & :o1 inc5s$ at ! int]f]5ce ( ! ,pope on ! occasion1 exhibit$ a /rong trait ( 8 natural "*1 by swe>+1 t if any monk belong+ to 8 t]ritory1 %\ld d>e to calumniate him abroad1 he w\ld hang him by 8 c[l ^u ! highe/ tree 9 ! neighbor+ wood4#aed ,?is happ5$ 9 ! ye> #ajfc3 9 #ajhj1 !re 0 held "h1 by ord] ( ! same pr9ce1 a prov9cial synod1 :i* passes 9 ! annals ( ! ,norman *ur*es1 "u ! "n ( ! ,concilium ,julio-,bon5se4 ,its canons are pres]v$1 & are report$ at l5g? by ,bess91 ) ! int5tion1 z he rem>ks1 ( enabl+ po/]ity to judge ( ! "* ( ! laws 9 ,norm&y1 dur+ ! reign ( ,duke ,william4#aee ,lillebonne is at pres5t a poor small c\ntry t[n1 ^: inhabitants c>ry on an inconsid]able trade 9 tann+1 & 9 ! manufactur+ ( cotton4 ,! ru9s ( ! ca/le1 h[ev]1 are f> f unimportant4 ,n only is ! :ole plan ( ! /ructure /ill di/9ctly to be trac$2 b !re rema91 9 addition to ! great hall1 "h figur$1 ext5sive portions ( o!r build+s1 "s ( :i* are alt]$ into a mod]n f>m-h\se4 ,a noble circul> t[]1 surr\nd$ by a deep moat1 & approa*$ by a draw-bridge1 appe>s at fir/ view to be ! great "* ( ! ru92 b x is obvi\sly an addition ( a subsequ5t p]iod1 &1 inde$1 ( a "t consid]ably po/]ior to ! hall4 ,! po9t$ ar*es ( its w9d[s1 & ! elegant bosses ( its ceil+1 d5ote an ra :5 ! arts _h arriv$ at a high /ate ( p]fection4--,( ! date1 or cause ( ! decay ( ! ca/le1 no?+ is record$4 ,! hall has ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 erect$ by ,italian ar*itects4 ,its features are di/9ctly ,roman2 & x may be reg>d$ z hold+1 9 ?is respect1 ! same place among ! ca/ellat$ build+s ( ,norm&y1 z ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph51 at ,ca51 occupies among ! ecclesia/ical4 ,! brok5 cornice at ! top ( ! walls1 is a decid$ imitation ( t ^u ! tomb ( ,ccilia ,metella1 ! ar* ( ,con/ant9e1 & ! colosseum at ,rome2 & ! w9d[s may be lik5$ to ^? ( ,mc5as' villa at ,tivoli1 9 :i* !re is ! same arrangem5t ( ar* )9 ar*4 ,b ! ,norman ar*itect has introduc$ a peculi>ity1 sc>cely to be p>allel$1 9 ! transom1 :i*1 plac$ ^u a l9e ) ! capitals1 divides ea* w9d[ into two unequal p>ts1 & at once supports1 & is support$ by1 ! c5tral pill>1 t subdivides ! l[] moiety4 ,! ,*ur* at ,lillebonne is also an object des]v+ ( obs]vation1 especially 9 ! pr9cipal entrance3 ! great ar* is flank$ by two squ>e massy projections1 9 ! =m ( buttresses1 ea* ( !m fac$ by a r[ ( small cyl9drical pill>s 9 high relief1 brok5 t[>ds ! c5tre1 to give place = canopi$ sa9ts1 & end+ at ! top 9 ornam5ts1 app>5tly int5d$ to convey ! idea ( a s]ies ( antique c&elabra4 ,,notes3 #adg ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 on ! o!r h&1 says1 b he is borne out by no classical au?ority1 t ,lillebonne occupies ! site ( an old ,belgic t[n1 call$ ,caletus :i* 0 de/roy$ by ,julius ,cs>2 :o built on its f\ndation a new "o1 & nam$ x ,julio-bona1 aft] himself4 ,! passage1 :i* is curi\s1 is z foll[s3--,antiqua urbs fuit1 qu ,caletus ab incolis dicta e/4 ,hanc 7ut 9 antiquis ,romanorum legitur ge/is7 ,caius ,julius ,cs> obs$it1 et pro nimia bellatorum ob/9atione intus ac]rim repugnantium subv]tit4 ,de9de po/quam ho/es ibidem ad libitum compressit1 consid]ata opportunitate loci1 prsidium ,romanorum provid con/ituit1 et a nom9e suo ,juliam-bonam 7quam b>b>i nunc corrupto nom9e ,ille-bonam nuncupant7 appellavit4--,du*esne1 ,scriptores ,normanni1 p4 #eed4 #adh ,^! au?ors 7 l$ to ?is op9ion by ! difficulty ( reconcil+ ! di/ances1 z /at$ by ,anton9us1 betwe5 ,julio-bona & ! adjac5t t[ns1 ) ! actual di/ance ( ! same places f ! mod]n ,lillebonne4 #adi ,see ,description de la ,haute ,norm&ie1 ,i4 p4 #f1 :]e x is sugge/$1 t ! ^w1 ,l',ilebonne1 may be d]iv$ f ! two ,celtic words1 ,ile1 signify+ a curr5t ( wat]1 & ,bonne1 :i* d5otes ! t]m9ation ( any ?+4 ,! t[ns ( ,bonne1 ^u ! ,rh9e1 & ( ,lib\rne1 are suppos$ to h tak5 _! names f ^! words4 #aej ,noel1 ,essais sur le ,dp>tem5t de la ,se9e ,infrieure1 ,,ii4 p4 #abf4 #aea ,figur$ 9 ! ,voyages ,pittoresques et ,romantiques dans l',anci5ne ,france1 p> ,nodi]1 ,taylor1 et ,de ,cailleux4--,9 ! section ( ?is publication1 compris+ ,norm&y1 ! au?ors h devot$ n9e plates to ! illu/ration ( ,lillebonne4 #aeb ,9 ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana1 ,,xi4 p4 #ca1 x is said on ?is subject1 9 speak+ ( ,maurilius1 ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 t adfuit ,juliobon5sibus ,comitiis pro exp$itione ,anglicana1 9 #ajff4 #aec ,see ,neu/ria ,pia1 p4 #afh4 #aed ,du*esne1 ,scriptores ,normanni1 p4 #dhh4 #aee ,concilia ,normannica1 ,i4 p4 #fg4 ,,plate ,,lxx4 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,briquebec4#aef ,illu/ration3 ,plate #gj4 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,briquebec1 ,,ne> ,,valognes4 ,briquebec is an ext5sive p>i%1 situat$ ab\t sev5 miles to ! s\? ( ,valognes1 ) a population ( f\r ?\s& five hundr$ inhabitants1 a weekly m>ket on ,mondays1 & sev]al consid]able fairs4 ,its ca/le claims an antiquity1 ne>ly1 if n altoge!r1 coeval ) ! days ( ,rollo4 ,:5 t ,duke1 on ga9+ peaceable possession ( ,norm&y1 p>cell$ out ! l& among 8 companions 9 arms1 ! portion t includ$ ,briquebec 0 "o ( ! mo/ consid]able4 ,! "l ( ,briquebec held 9 ! ,norman ex*equ] ! ?ird place among ! b>ons ( ! ,cot5t91 ! pres5t dep>tm5t ( ,la ,man*e4#aeg ,8 s]vices & 8 rank1 to :i* may probably also be add$1 8 relation%ip to ,rollo1 entitl$ him to ?is pr\d di/9ction4 ,aft] ! assass9ation ( ,william ,longue ,epe1 second ,duke ( ,norm&y1 9 #idb1 ,amle*1 or1 z he is sometimes call$1 ,lancelot1 ( ,briquebec1 0 appo9t$ "o ( ! c\ncil ( reg5cy1 dur+ ! m9ority ( ! "y pr9ce1 ,ri*>d1 ! son to ! deceas$1 & heir to ! ?rone4 ,9 ?is capacity he 0 also "o ( ^? deput$ to receive ,l\is d',outrem]1 ,k+ ( ,france1 at ,r\54--,amle* _h a son1 nam$ ,tur/9 ( ,ba/5burg1 & he left two sons1 "o ( :om1 ,william1 0 "l ( ,briquebec4--,! o!r1 ,hugh1 commonly call$ ! be>d$1 0 ! head ( ! family ( ,mont=t1 :i* produc$ ! fam\s ,c\nt1 ,pi]re1 sla9 at ! battle ( ,eve%am1 :ile comm&+ ! b>ons 9 revolt aga9/ ,h5ry ,,iii4--,! l9e ( ! lords ( ,briquebec 0 cont9u$ 9 ! po/]ity ( ,william1 ^: son1 ( ! same "n1 att5d$ ! ,conqu]or into ,engl&4 ,sev5 ( 8 desc5dants successively bore ! "n ( ,rob]t ,b]tr&1 & successively possess$ ! b>ony ( ,briquebec4 ,! la/ di$ 9 ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 leav+ 8 ext5sive doma9s1 includ+ ?is ca/le1 to 8 elde/ daught]1 ,jane1 ) :om x pass$ 9 m>riage to ,william ,paisnel1 b>on ( ,hambye4#aeh ,! "n ( ,paisnel w be f\nd1 z well z t ( ,b]tr&1 9 ! roll ( *iefta9s engag$ 9 ! conque/ ( ,engl&4 ,duke ,william recomp5s$ ! s]vices ( ,ralph ,paisnel1 8 companion 9 arms1 ) v>i\s doma9s 9 diff]5t c\nties ( 8 newly-acquir$ k+dom1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,york%ire1 ,buck+ham%ire1 & ,som]set%ire4 ,8 desc5dants1 :o 7 num]\s 9 ,great ,brita91 possess$1 among o!r di/+ui%$ lord%ips1 ^? ( ,huntley & ( ,dudley4--,9 ! ,cot5t91 _! family 0 equally ext5sive & p[]ful4 ,william1 son ( ,jane ,b]tr& & ( ,william ,paisnel1 succe$$ 8 p>5ts z "l ( ,briquebec & ( ,hambye4--,he1 9 8 turn1 0 foll[$ by ano!r ,william1 :o1 by a m>riage ) 8 c\s91 daught] ( ,oliv] ,paisnel1 "l ( ,moyon1 unit$ t great b>ony to a prop]ty1 :i* 0 previ\sly imm5se4 ,^u ! dea? ( ,william1 )\t *ildr51 ,fulk ,paisnel1 8 bro!r1 became 8 heir2 &1 z he likewise di$ *ildless1 ! =tune devolv$ ^u a y\ng] bro!r1 ,ni*olas4 ,?is ,ni*olas1 :o 0 previ\sly "l ( ,*anteleu1 m>ri$ ,jane de la ,*ampagne1 b>oness ( ,gaie1 & left an only daught]1 by ^: m>riage ) ,l\is d',e/\teville1 9 #adac1 ! b>onies ( ,gaie1 ,moyon1 ,hambye1 & ,briquebec1 pass$ at once f ! family ( ,paisnel4 ,briquebec1 at ! same "t t x ?us aga9 *ang$ ma/]s1 0 /ill possess$ by a desc5dant ( "o ( ^? p[]ful b>ons1 :o _h %>$ 9 ! glory ( ! conque/ ( ,engl&4--,rob]t de ,huteville1 "o ( ! ,conqu]or's companions 9 arms1 _h receiv$ f t sov]eign a pr9cely recomp5se1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! c\nty ( ,york4 ,b aft] ! dea? ( ,william ,rufus1 he esp\s$ ! p>ty ( ! elde/ bro!r1 aga9/ ,h5ry ,i4 & 0 tak5 prison] at ! battle ( ,t9*bray1 :5 8 prop]ty 0 confiscat$1 & giv5 to ,nel d',aubigny4--,! "n ( 8 son1 ,rob]t1 is to be f\nd among ! ,york%ire b>ons1 :o defeat$ ! ,scot* army at ,nor? ,all]ton2 & x aga9 occurs 9 ! tw5tie? ye> ( ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 at ! battle ( ,alnwick1 :]e he made ! ,k+ ( ,scotl& prison]4 ,to return to ! possessor ( ,briquebec1 :o 0 de/9$ to af=d a /rik+ example ( ! mutability ( =tune--sc>cely _h he become by 8 m>riage ! mo/ p[]ful "l 9 ! ,cot5t91 or possibly 9 ,norm&y1 :5 ,h5ry ,v4 ( ,engl&1 invad$ ! du*y1 ga9$ ! battle ( ,ag9c\rt1 & %ortly aft]w>ds made himself ma/] ( ! :ole prov9ce1 except ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael4 ,9 ?is try+ em]g5cy1 ,l\is d',e/\teville rema9$ fai?ful to 8 sov]eign1 & 01 consequ5tly1 depriv$ ( 8 possessions4 ,h5ry imm$iately be/[$ ,hambye & ,briquebec ^u "o ( 8 favorite g5]als1 ,william de la ,pole1 ,e>l ( ,suffolk1#aei :o1 9 #adbg1 /ill cont9u$ "l ( ,briquebec1 9 :i* capacity he confirm$ to ! abbey ( ,*]b\rg1 a r5t ( fifty sols1 t _h be5 giv5 by 8 pr$ecessor1 ,rob]t ,b]tr&1 9 #acbi4 ,! act ( confirmation yet exi/s3 x is dat$ 9 ! ye> j m5tion$2 two ye>s aft] :i*1 ! ,e>l ( ,suffolk1 :o _h always previ\sly be5 victori\s1 exp]i5c$ a rev]se ( =tune1 & 0 made prison] at ,gageau1 toge!r ) 8 bro!rs1 ,alex&] & ,john de la ,pole4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t he 0 compell$ to sell 8 l&s 9 ! ,cot5t9 to pay 8 ransom4 ,!y 7 pur*as$ by ,sir ,b]tyn ,entwyssle1 a knight ( ! c\nty ( ,lanca/]1 :o1 9 ! ar*ives ( ! ca/le ( ,briquebec1 dat$ ab\t ! ye> #addj1 is /yl$ ,admiral ( ,engl&2 z 8 bro!r1 ,h5ry ,entwyssle1 9 ! same docum5ts1 be>s ! title ( ! ,k+ ( ,engl&'s ,lieut5ant-,g5]al 9 ,norm&y4 ,9 ! h&s ( ?is nobleman1 ,briquebec cont9u$1 till ! battle ( ,=migny compell$ ! ,briti% to evacuate ,norm&y4 ,sir ,b]tyn aft]w>ds took "p ) ,h5ry ,,vi4 aga9/ ! ,duke ( ,york1 & 0 sla9 at ! battle ( ,/4 ,albans1 9 #adee4 ,^u ! re/oration ( ! prov9ce to ! cr[n ( ,france1 ! family ( ,d',e/\teville 7 replac$ 9 ! lord%ip ( ,briquebec4 ,!y _h des]v$ em95tly well ( ! ,fr5* ,k+1 = :om ,l\is ,d',e/\teville _h cont9u$ to hold possession ( ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ! only =tress t (f]$ an avail+ resi/ance to ! ,engli%4 ,9 succe$+ times1 ,briquebec & ,hambye pass$1 by diff]5t m>riages1 into ! families ( ,b\rbon ,/4 ,pol1 & ( ,orleans ,longueville2 b at ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,m>y ( ,orleans1 ,du*ess ( ,nem\rs1 sold ?is prop]ty to ,jaques ,g\gon de ,matignon1 ,m>%al ( ,france4--,! desc5dants ( ! m>%al cont9u$ lords ( ,briquebec till ! revolution4 ,x _h %ortly be=e t ev5t fall5 into ! h&s ( a female1 ! only survivor ( t family1 & %e _h m>ri$ ! elde/ son ( ! ,duke de ,montmor5cy4 ,b ! revolution swept away ! :ole ( _! =tune4 ,a few deta*$ fragm5ts ( ! prop]ty1 :i* _h n be5 ali5at$1 h rec5tly be5 re/or$ to !m3 ! re/ has long s9ce be5 sold1 includ+ ! ca/le1 ! only habitable "p ( :i* n[ s]ves = an ale-h\se4 ,all ! rema9d] is ha/5+ fa/ to decay4 ,! walls ( ! ca/le inclose a consid]able space ( gr\nd2 &1 at ! "t :5 !y 7 p]fect1 !y compris$ eight t[]s1 ( diff]5t sizes & =ms1 includ+ ! multangul> keep1 ! pr9cipal feature ( ! plate4 ,?is t[]1 :i* is a hundr$ ,fr5* feet 9 height1 is /ill ne>ly p]fect4 ,! sides t[>ds ! we/ & s\?-we/1 f :i* ,mr4 ,cotman has made 8 draw+1 are entirely s4--,9 an ar*itectural po9t ( view1 ,briquebec (f]s specim5s ( ! workman%ip ( _m diff]5t epo*s4--,! case is widely diff]5t betwe5 =tresses & *ur*es3 ! latt]1 :atev] ! date ( _! con/ruction1 commonly exhibit a c]ta9 degree ( unity 9 _! plan3 9 ca/les1 on ! o!r h&1 ! means provid$ = def5ce h usually _h ref]5ce to ^? employ$ 9 attack4 ,bo? ! "o & ! o!r are f\nd to v>y ad inf9itum1 accord+ to "t & localities4 ,briquebec %ews "s traces ( ! ar*itecture ( ! elev5? c5tury1 b _m m ( ! f\rte5?1 fifte5?1 & sixte5?4 ,! *apel1 ! magaz9es1 ! /ables1 & ! pres5t dwell+-h\se1 7 ! p>ts la/ built4 ,( ^!1 ! two fir/ h be5 = "s ye>s de/roy$3 ! o!rs are 9 a /ate ( extreme neglect2 &1 nei!r 9 ! dwell+-h\se1 nor 9 ! ap>tm5ts ov] ! great gate1 does !re n[ rema9 any ?+ curi\s4 ,,notes3 #aef ,= ! :ole ( ?is article1 ! au?or has to express 8 ackn[l$gm5ts to 8 fri5d1 ,m4 de ,g]ville1 f ^: manuscript x is almo/ v]batim translat$4 #aeg ,masseville1 ,hi/oire de ,norm&ie1 ,,iii4 p4 #df4 #aeh ,:ile "o bran* ( ! ,b]tr& family cont9u$ 9 possession ( ! b>ony ( ,briquebec1 ano!r bran* e/abli%$ itself 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 :]e x receiv$ f ! ,conqu]or _m manors4 ,"u ! reign ( ,h5ry ,i4 ,william ,b]tr&1 or1 z he is call$ by ,tann]1 ,b]tram1 f\nd$ ! priory ( ,br9kburn4 ,rog]1 "o ( 8 desc5dants1 0 conspicu\s among ! b>ons :o revolt$ aga9/ ,k+ ,john2 at ! dea? ( :i* pr9ce1 he esp\s$ ! p>ty ( ,h5ry ,,iii42 b 8 son1 ,rog]1 took arms aga9/ ?is latt] mon>*1 & 0 made prison] at ,nor?ampton4 ,a ?ird ,rog] succe$$ him1 & 0 ! la/ b>on ( ,br9kburn4--,ri*>d ,b]tram1 :o liv$ "u ,h5ry ,,ii4 _h a son call$ ,rob]t1 b>on ( ,bo?al1 ^: son ,ri*>d jo9$ ! conf$]ate b>ons aga9/ ,k+ ,john4 ,a desc5dant ( 81 ( ! "n ( ,rob]t1 liv$ "u ,edw>d ,,iii4 & enjoy$ ! title ( ,"l ,bo?al1 & 0 %]iff ( ,nor?umb]l&1 & gov]nor ( ,newca/le4 ,he 0 pres5t at ! battle ( ,durham1 :]e he made ,william ,d\glas prison]4 ,8 only daught]1 ! heiress to 8 prop]ty1 m>ri$ ,sir ,rob]t ,ogle2 & ?us ! family ( ,b]tram became ext9ct bo? 9 ,france & ,engl& ne>ly at ! same "t4 #aei ,! in/rum5t1 :i* is curi\s1 is /ill 9 exi/5ce1 & is z foll[s3--,h5ricus dei gracia rex ,francie et ,anglie et dnus hyb]nie oibus ad quos ps5tes litt]e pu5]9t salutem4 ,sciatis qd de gracia no/ra speciali et ob grata et laudabilia obsequia nobis p] c>issimum consangu9eum no/rum ,guillelmum1 ,comitem de ,suffolk1 huc usque mirabilit] imp5sa d$imus et concessimus eidem comiti ca/ra et dom9ia de ,hambye et de ,briquebec cum pt95ciis suis una cum oibus feodis1 aliis h]$itatibus et possessionibus quibuscumque quas t5uit f\ques ,paisnel *evali] defunctus intra ducatum meum ,normannie hab5dis et t55dis prefato comiti et h]$ibus suis masculis de corpore suo nasc5tibus ad valorem #cejj scutorum p] annum1 cum omnibus dignitatibus1 lib]tatibus1 fran*esiis1 juribus1 donationibus1 rev]sionibus1 =isfacturis1 etallis1 pr(iciis1 commoditatibus et emolum5tis quibuscumq4 ad pdicta ca/ra et dom9ia vel alt]a eorum seu ad feoda h]$itates et possessiones pr$ictas aliqualit] pt95tibus seu spectantibus intra ducatum no/rum ,normannie adeo pl5e p]fecte et integre et eodem modo sicut pdictus f\ques vel aliquis alius t5ebat et possidebat p] homagium nobis et h]$ibus no/ris faci5dum et r$d5do unum scutum de ,armis ,sci ,georgii ad fe/um suum apud ca/rum no/rum de ,*]b\rg1 s+ulis annis 9 p]petuum res]vata tam5 nobis et h]$ib4 no/ris alta et summa ju/icia et omni alio jure quod ad nos pot]it p]t9]e proviso semp] qd idem comes et h]$es sui pr$icti sex hom9es ad arma et #ab sagitt>ios ad equit&um nobiscum seu h]$ibus no/ris vel locum t55te no/ro durante pres5ti gu]ra qui ad sumptus suos s]vire t5ebuntur funtaque pres5ti gu]ra hujus modi et s]vicia 9 p>te debita faciet et supportabit1 et ult]ius de ub]iori gracia d$imus et concessimus444444 9 cujus rei te/imonium has litt]as no/ras fi]i fecimus pat5tes4--,te/e meipso apd civitatem nram de ,bayeux1 ,,xiii4 die ,m>tii1 anno regni nri qu9to4 ,l4 ,s4 ,p] ipsum regem ,,/orgeon4 ,,plate ,,lxxi4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,/eph51 ,,at ,f,,camp4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ga4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,/eph51 ,,at ,f,,camp4 ,s\!rn entrance4 ,fcamp1 l _m o!r t[ns 9 ,norm&y1 has fall5 f its orig9al greatness to a /ate ( extreme pov]ty4 ,! sun ( its prosp]ity has set1 to rise no m4 ,neglect imm$iately foll[$ ^u ! removal ( ! ducal ?rone to ,engl&3 ! annexation ( ,norm&y to ! cr[n ( ,france1 complet$ ! ru9 ( ! t[n2 & ! great *ange 9 ! habits ( mank9d1 f w>like to comm]cial1 leaves no hopes = ! re/oration ( ! importance ( a place1 ^: situation holds out no advantages = trade4 ,h5ce1 ,fcamp at pres5t appe>s desolate & decay$2 &1 ?\gh ! (ficial acc\nt ( ! population ( ,france /ill all[s ! numb] ( its inhabitants to am\nt to sev5 ?\s&1 ! great quantity ( des]t$ h\ses1 calculat$ to am\nt to m ?an a ?ird ( all ^? 9 ! t[n1 impress ! behold] ) a /rong feel+ ( depopulation & ru94#afj ,b1 9 ! e>lie/ p]iods ( ,fr5* hi/ory1 long be=e ! f\ndation ( ! ,norman ?rone1 ,fcamp 0 honor$ z a regal resid5ce4 ,! palace is said to h be5 rebuilt by ,william ,longue-,epe1 ) extraord9>y magnific5ce4 ,t pr9ce took great pleasure 9 ! *ace2 & he & 8 imm$iate successors frequ5tly liv$ "h4 ,he also select$ ! ca/le z a place ( retirem5t = 8 du*ess1 dur+ h] pregnancy ) ,ri*>d4 ,8 *oice1 9 ?is respect1 0 probably n altoge!r guid$ by 8 p>tiality = ! place2 b1 ?reat5$ at t "t ) a dang]\s w>1 he 0 desir\s ( fix+ 8 wife & infant heir 9 a situation1 :5ce !y might1 9 case ( necessity1 be ) ease remov$ to ! fri5dly %ores ( ,engl&4--,ri*>d1 born at ,fcamp1 pres]v$ ?r\gh life an atta*m5t to ! t[n1 & omitt$ no opportunity ( b5efit+ x4 ,he rebuilt1 end[$1 & enri*$ ! abbatial *ur* at va/ exp5se2 & he f9ally ord]$ x to be ! re/+-place = 8 bones1 :i*1 h[ev]1 he w\ld n p]mit to be int]r$ 9 any spot :atev] )9 ! /ructure1 b1 ) 8 dy+ brea?1 expressly enjo9$ 8 son to deposit !m on ! outside1 imm$iately b5ea? ! eaves1 9 ord] t1 to use ! words put by ! mona/ic hi/orians into 8 m\? ^u ! occasion1 /illantium gutt>um sacro tecto difflu5s infusio abluat jac5tis ossa1 qu omnium peccatorum tabe fo$avit et maculavit neglig5s et neglecta vita mea4--,a curi\s "q might be rais$1 :e!r ! mon>*1 9 ?is injunction1 0 solely impress$ ) ! feel+ ( 8 own unwor?9ess1 or :e!r he _h also 9 view1 ! my/ic doctr9e ( ! efficacy ( wat] t[>ds ! ablution ( s9s4 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 & ! succe$+ dukes1 appe> to h reg>d$ ,fcamp ) an equally fri5dly eye2 till1 9 process ( "t1 ! increas+ spl5dor ( its mona/]y altoge!r eclips$ ! wan+ honors ( ! t[n2 & ,h5ry ,,ii4 ( ,engl&1 f9ally seal$ its d[nfall1 by mak+ a regul> donation ( ! t[n to ! abbey1 f :i* p]iod till ! revolution1 ! latt] 0 e ?+1 ! =m] no?+4 ,fcamp1 z x is rem>k$ by ,nodi]1 0 to ! ,dukes ( ,norm&y1 :at ! pyramids 7 to ! ,egyptian mon>*s1--a city ( tombs3 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 re/$ !re by ! side ( ,ri*>d ,i4 &1 ne> him1 8 bro!r ,rob]t1 8 wife ,judi?1 & 8 son ,william4#afa--,! li/ might be l5g!n$ by ! addition ( _m o!r sc>cely less noble names4 ,! abbey ( ,fcamp is said to h be5 f\nd$ 9 ! ye> #ffd or #fff1 = a community ( nuns1 by ,wan+1 ! c\nt or gov]nor ( ! ,pays de ,caux1 a nobleman :o _h already contribut$ to ! end[m5t ( ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,w&rille4 ,/4 ,ou51 ,bi%op ( ,r\51 d$icat$ ! *ur* 9 ! pres5ce ( ,k+ ,clotaire2 & s rapidly did ! fame ( ! sanctity ( ! abbey ext5d1 t ! numb] ( its inmates am\nt$1 9 a v %ort p]iod1 to m ?an ?ree hundr$4 ,! arrival1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,normans1 "u ,ha/+s1 9 #hda1 caus$ ! disp]sion ( ! nuns2 & ! same /ory is relat$ ( ! few :o rema9$ at ,fcamp1 z ( _m o!rs "u simil> circum/ances1 t !y volunt>ily cut (f _! noses & _! lips1 r ?an be an object ( attraction to _! conqu]ors4 ,! abbey1 9 return = _! h]oism1 0 levell$ ) ! gr\nd2 & x did n rise f its a%es till ! ye> #ihh1 :5 ! piety ( ,duke ,ri*>d ,i4 built ! *ur* anew1 "u ! auspices ( 8 son1 ,rob]t1 ar*bi%op ( ,r\54 ,dep>t+1 h[ev]1 f ! orig9al f\ndation1 he e/abli%$ !re9 a *apt] ( regul> canons1 :o soon prov$ s irregul> 9 _! conduct1 t )9 t5 ye>s !y 7 doom$ to give way to a body ( ,b5$ict9e monks1 head$ by an abbot1 nam$ ,william1 f a conv5t at ,dijon4 ,f 8 "t ! mona/]y cont9u$ to increase 9 spl5dor4 ,?ree suffragan abbeys1 t ( ,notre ,dame at ,b]nay1 ( ,/4 ,taur9 at ,evreux1 & ( ,/e4 ,b]! de ,blangi1 9 ! diocese ( ,b\llogne1 own$ ! sup]ior p[] ( ! abbot ( ,fcamp1 & suppli$ ! ?ree mitres1 :i* he pr\dly bore on 8 abbatial %ield4 ,k+s & pr9ces1 9 =m] ages1 frequ5tly paid ! abbey ! homage ( _! wor%ip & _! gifts2 &1 9 a m rec5t p]iod1 ,casimir ( ,pol&1 aft] 8 volunt>y abdication ( ! ?rone1 select$ x z ! spot 9 :i* he s\ght = repose1 :5 we>i$ ) ! c>es ( royalty4 ,! ,engli% possessions ( ,fcamp d n appe> to h be5 l>ge2 b1 accord+ to ! au?or ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,ali5 ,priories1 ! abbot pres5t$ to "o hundr$ & ?irty b5efices1 "s 9 ! diocese ( ,r\51 o!rs 9 ^? ( ,bayeux1 ,lisieux1 ,c\tances1 ,*>tres1 & ,beauvais2 & x enjoy$ s _m e/ates1 t its income 0 said to be =ty ?\s& cr[ns p] annum4#afb ,! "w1 f :i* ?is acc\nt ( ! abbey ( ,fcamp has be5 extract$1 also conta9s "s details relative to a few ( ! pr9cipal miracles connect$ ) ! conv5t1 & relative to ! preci\s blood1 to ! possession ( :i* ,fcamp 0 indebt$ = no small portion ( its celebrity4 ,b ! read] mu/ be ref]r$ = all ^! to ! ,neu/ria ,pia1 :]e he w f9d !m record$ at great l5g?4 ,! au?or ( t mo/ curi\s volume1 appe>s to h treat$ no subject m entirely con amore ?an ,fcamp2 & if ! m enlight5$ prog5y ( ! pres5t day incl9e1 9 ! pl5titude ( _! wisdom1 to ?9k _! fa!rs fools = li/5+ to su* tales1 let x at lea/ be recollect$1 t ev5 ^! tales1 ) all _! absurdity1 are mo/ int]e/+ docum5ts ( ! progress ( ! human m9d2 &1 above all1 let x nev] be =gott51 t books ( ?is description conta9 a mass ( mat]ials = ! elucidation ( ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! age1 :i* w\ld 9 va9 be s\ght = 9 any o!r qu>t]4 ,! abbatial *ur* ( ,fcamp is /ill /&+ un9jur$1 & is a "w ( v>i\s ages4 ,"s circul> *apels atta*$ to ! sides ( ! *oir1 are probably rema9s ( ! build+ erect$ by ,duke ,ri*>d3 ! re/ is all ( ! po9t$ /yle ( ar*itecture2 & ! e>lie/ "p is sc>cely ant]ior to ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury4--,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph51 select$ "h = publication1 is undes]v+ ( notice1 except = its s\!rn portal1 :i* is an elegant specim5 ( :at is call$ by ,mr4 ,rickman1 ! decorat$ ,engli% ar*itecture4 ,,notes3 #afj ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #fj4 #afa ,voyages ,pittoresques et ,romantiques dans l',anci5ne ,france1 ,i4 p4 #aaj4--,sev5 plates 9 ?is "w are devot$ to ! illu/ration ( ! religi\s build+s at ,fcamp4 #afb ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #fb4 ,,plate ,,lxxii4 ,,scre5 ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,lawr5ce1 ,,at ,,eu4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #gb4 ,,scre5 ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,lawr5ce1 ,,at ,,eu4 ,! t[n ( ,eu has1 by "s writ]s1 be5 suppos$ to h be5 ! capital ( ! ,gallic tribe m5tion$ 9 ,cs>'s ,comm5t>ies1 "u ! "n ( ! ,essui2 b a conjecture ( ?is description1 f\nd$ altoge!r ^u ! simil>ity ( ! "n1 & unsupport$ by any collat]al te/imony1 mu/ be all[$ to be at be/ only problematical2 & anci5t geography pres5ts s wide a field = ! display ( +5uity & le>n+1 t x is 9 no dep>tm5t ( sci5ce m necess>y to be ^u ! gu>d aga9/ plausible !ories4--,!re are o!rs :o cont5d = ! ,teutonic orig9 ( ! t[n1 & ref] to etymology ) equal zeal1 & ) great] plausibility4 ,! ^w ,eu1 o!rwise spelt ,ou or ,au signifies a mead[1 9 ,saxon2 & ! same "n 0 likewise orig9ally appli$ to ! riv] ,bresle1#afc :i* wa%es ! walls ( ,eu1 )9 a di/ance ( two miles f its conflu5ce ) ! ocean at ,trport4#afd ,! fir/ m5tion t occurs ( ,eu 9 hi/ory1 is 9 ! pages ( ,flodo>d1 accord+ to :om1 ! t[n 0 9 exi/5ce 9 ! ye> #ibe2 b1 :e!r ! ,roman or ! ,saxon d]ivation ( its "n be pref]r$1 9 ei!r case etymology w\ld fairly all[ ! inf]5ce1 t its f\ndation 0 consid]ably m anci5t4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xi4 ,eu obta9$ a melan*oly celebrity3 a report 0 circulat$ 9 ! summ] ( #adge1 t x 0 ! int5tion ( ! ,engli% to make a desc5t ^u ! coa/ ( ,france1 & to e/abli% !mselves !re = ! w9t]4 ,at ! same "t1 ?is t[n 0 confid5tly m5tion$ z ! place :]e !y propos$ to fix _! qu>t]s4 ,to deprive !m ( su* an advantage1 ! ,fr5* mon>* _h rec\rse to a measure :i* c\ld only be ju/ifi$ by ! mo/ urg5t necessity3 he ord]$ ! ,m>*al de ,gama*es to ent] ! place ) f\r hundr$ soldi]s1 on ! eighte5? ( ,july1 & to set fire to ! h\ses ( ! citiz5s1 toge!r ) ! ca/le4 ,8 comm&s 7 execut$2 & ! :ole 0 r$uc$ to a heap ( a%es1 ) ! exception ( ! *ur*es4 ,! neighbor+ t[ns ( ,dieppe1 ,/4 ,val]i1 & ,abbeville1 pr(it$ f ! mis=tunes ( ,eu1 :i* has nev] recov]$ its prosp]ity1 not)/&+ ! v>i\s privileges subsequ5tly grant$ to x4--,! pres5t population consi/s ( ab\t ?ree ?\s& f\r hundr$ inhabitants1 ^: only trade is a trifl+ manufactory ( lace4 ,f z e>ly a p]iod z ! ye> #aajb1 ! title ( ,c\nt 0 be/[$ by ,ri*>d ,i4 ,duke ( ,norm&y1 ^u ! lords ( ,eu1 :o1 9 #adeh1 receiv$ ! additional dignity ( ,comtes et ,pairs2 probably z "s recomp5se = ! mis]y inflict$ ^u ! place ?ree ye>s be=e4 ,9 ! numb] ( ^! c\nts1 0 ! celebrat$ ,duc de ,guise1 commonly kn[n by ! "n ( ,le ,balafr4 ,8 monum5t ( black & :ite m>ble1 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,jesuits at ,eu1 0 execut$ by ,g5oese arti/s2 z 0 t ( 8 wife1 ! ,du*ess ( ,cleves4 ,bo? ( !m h long be5 subjects ( admiration4#afe ,! la/ ( ! l9e ( c\nts ( ,eu1 0 ! ,duc de ,p5?ivre1 a nobleman ( ! mo/ e/imable "*3 ! title 0 8 at ! break+ out ( ! revolution2 & x is n a little to 8 honor1 t a writ] ( ! mo/ decid$ly republican pr9ciples c\ld be f\nd1 9 ! mid/ ( t /ormy p]iod1 to be> ! foll[+ te/imony 9 8 favor3--,n au milieu d'une c\r1 o la corruption et les vices avoi5t pris le nom de la sagesse et des v]tus1 il ddaigna leurs dlices fune/es2 il rep\ssa l'air empe/ de ,v]sailles2 suprieur leurs pre/iges1 il oublia sa naissance2 il pr\va enf91 p> de longues annes consacres faire le bi51 qu'il toit digne d'tre n simple citoy54#aff--,! ca/le1 ! resid5ce ( ! c\nts1 is n[ conv]t$ into a milit>y hospital4 ,! abbey ( ,eu is said to h be5 f\nd$ 9 #ajjb1afg by ,william1 fir/ c\nt ( ! place1 natural son ( ,ri*>d ,sans-peur1 ,duke ( ,norm&y4 ,x 0 at its orig9 d$icat$ to ! ,virg92 b1 aft] a lapse ( some:at m ?an two hundr$ ye>s1 0 plac$ "u ! invocation ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ar*bi%op ( ,dubl94 ,t prelate _h1 9 ! ye> #aaha1 cross$ into ,norm&y1 ) ! view ( re/or+ a fri5dly und]/&+ betwe5 ! ,k+ ( ,irel&1 8 bro!r1 & ! ,k+ ( ,engl&2 &1 at ! mom5t ( 8 approa*+ ,eu1 & behold+ ! l(ty t[]s ( ! abbey1 he is said to h exclaim$ 9 /ra9s ( pi\s f]vor1 ,hc requies mea 9 seculum seculi3 hic habitabo1 quoniam elegi eam4 ,hav+ accompli%$ ! object ( 8 mission1 he di$ %ortly aft] at ! conv5t1 & 0 !re int]r$2 & ! fame ( 8 sanctity attract+ cr[ds ( devotees to 8 tomb1 he 0 canoniz$ by a papal bull1 dat$ ! #aa? ( ,decemb]1 #abah1 s9ce :i* "t ! mona/]y has borne 8 "n4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ?\gh no long] abbatial1 has be5 suff]$ to exi/2 ev5 be=e ! revolution1 x s]v$ at once z ! *ur* to ! conv5t & to ! fir/ p>i% ( ,eu4 ,! scre5 "h figur$1 a beautiful specim5 ( ! decorat$ ,engli% ar*itecture1 is plac$ at ! entrance ( "o ( ! *apels4 ,ano!r *apel conta9s a ,holy ,sepul*re1 said to be sup]ior1 9 po9t ( ! execution ( ! figures1 to any o!r 9 ,france4 ,9 ! s\? transept is a spirally-b&$ column ( extraord9>y elegance4 ,! *ur* /&s ^u ! f\ndations ( an e>li] build+1 erect$ at ! close ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & de/roy$ by lightn+ 9 #adbf4 ,accord+ to ! records ( ! mona/]y1 x 0 ei!r :olly1 or 9 great measure1 rebuilt by ,john de ,valli]1 ! tw5ty-f\r? abbot1 9 #adfd4afh--,! foll[+ description ( ! build+ is borr[$ f ! j\rnal ( a v able fri5d ( ! writ] ( ?is article1 :o visit$ ,eu 9 ,septemb]1 #ahai3--,! abbey *ur* ( ,eu is pla9 & massy on ! outside ( ! nave & transepts4 ,! ea/ end ( ! *oir is highly enri*$ ) fly+ buttresses1 c4 ,! w9d[s ( ! nave are lancet-head$1 & v tall3 on ! outside is a circul> ar*1 :i* may be a re/oration4 ,! we/ w9d[ has be5 9 ?ree lancet divisions1 :i* h be5 fill$ up ) m mod]n trac]y4 ,! nave is s+ul>ly elegant3 ! tri=ium1 or r ! upp] ti] ( ar*es1 is new 9 design1 & mo/ extraord9>y4 ,9 ! *oir1 ! tri=ium is compos$ ( trac]y4 ,! nor? transept is some?+ l ,w9*e/]1 only ! ar*es are po9t$3 !re are two ar*es4 ,?is arrangem5t is probably g5]al2 z ,i saw x at ,troyes & o!r places4 ,9 a side-*apel is an entombm5t3 ! figures z l>ge z life1 or ne>ly s1 & ri*ly pa9t$2 q p]fect4 ,inscriptions on ! hems ( ! g>m5ts4 ,! culs de lampe are ( ! mo/ elegant reticulat$ "w4 ,9 ! nor? transept is a circul> w9d[ fill$ ) late trac]y4 ,no t[]s at ! we/ end4 ,ea/ end1 a polygon1 z usual4--,?is *ur*1 :i* is well wor?y ( an att5tive /udy1 is q di/9ct 9 "* f ! *ur*es 9 ! ea/ ( ,france3 x has no m>igold w9d[2 no r[ ( ni*es ov] ! portal2 no mass$ door-way2 s t ! g5]al outl9e ( ! front agrees :olly ) ! e>lie/ po9t$ /yle4 ,b ! ext]ior is m *a/e ?an any ?+ we h 9 ,engl&2 & its ar*itectural unity is bett] pres]v$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 its p>ts are less elaborate4 ,,notes3 #afc ,description de la ,haute ,norm&ie1 ,i4 p4 #de4 #afd ,le pas d',auge a tir son nom de ses prairies4 ,au1 ,avv1 ,avve1 et ,ou1 en ,allem&1 signifi5t un ,pr4444 ,av5t9 e/ mon tmo9 dans son explication des noms ,allemans4 ,la ville d',eu1 situe dans des prairies1 a tir son nom de la mme orig9e4 ,elle e/ nomme dans les vieux ,ecriva9s1 ,auga1 ,augam1 et ,aucum2 et dans les auteurs ,anglois ,ou1 d'o e/ =m le nom d',eu4 ,de cette mme orig9e vi5t le nom d',au1 qu'on a depuis crit et prononc ,o1 et que port5t plusieurs ,seigneuries de ,norm&ie et d'ailleurs1 et qui e/ le mme que celui d',ou4 ,ou e/ une ,comt qui a app>t5ue ce ,rob]t1 que ,rob]t du ,mont qualifie ,comte d',ou4 ,ces mots d',eu1 d',au1 et d',ou1 se tr\v5t encore dans la composition de plusieurs noms de t]res et de ,seigneuries4 ,eu1 dans le nom d',euc\rt1 d',eumesnil1 et d',eul&e1 t]re dans le pas d',auge1 entre le ,m>e-,aupoix et ,ang]ville1 et ce nom e/ le mme1 sans aucune diffr5ce1 que celui d',oel&e1 isle de la m] ,baltique1 du doma9e de la c\ronne de ,su$e4 ,les ,su$ois et les ,danois prononc5t ,oel&e ce que n\s prononons ,eul&e4 ,au dans ,aubeuf1 ,aubose1 ,aumesnil1 ,aumont1 ,auvill]s4 ,ou dans ,ouville4 ,p\r ,auge on a dit ,alge en quelques lieux2 et c'e/ de l que vi5t le nom d'une t]re au pas de ,bray1 qui ne consi/e presque qu'en prairies4 ,le mme nom d',auge1 que port5t quelques familles1 montre assez qu'il a t appellatif4 ,mais la *>tre de confirmation de la fondation de l',abbaye de ,/4 ,eti5ne1 donne p> ,h5ry ,,ii4 ,roy d',anglet]re1 le montre inconte/ablem5t p> ces p>oles1 cum sylv et algi et cum t]ris4--,huet1 ,orig9es de ,ca51 p4 #bid4 #afe ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce likewise conta9$ ! monum5ts ( sev]al di/+ui%$ p]sonages1 z appe>s by ! foll[+ extract f ! ,description de la ,haute ,norm&ie1 ,i4 p4 #gb4--,l sont inhumez ,jean d',artois1 ,comte d',eu1 fils de ,rob]t d',artois1 ,comte de ,beaumont le ,rog]1 et de ,jean de ,valois1 mort le #f ,avril1 #achf3 ,isabelle de ,melun1 son ep\se3 ,isabelle d',artois1 leur fille1 dans la *apelle de ,sa9t ,d5ys1 s\s une belle table de m>bre noir1 qui s]t de table d'autel3 ,*>les d',artois1 ,comte d',eu1 s\s l'autel de la *apelle de ,sa9t ,laur5t3 ,jeanne de ,saveuse1 sa premi]e femme3 ,helne de ,melun1 sa seconde femme1 dans la *apelle de ,sa9t ,anto9e1 dite auj\rd'hui de ,sa9t ,crep93 le ,coeur de ,ca!r9e de ,cleves1 ,comtesse d',eu1 au bas du ,sanctuaire1 s\s une magnifique colonne de m>bre noir3 ,n4444 de ,b\rbon1 dit le ,duc d',aumale1 fils de ,l\is-,augu/e de ,b\rbon1 legitim de ,france1 ,duc de ,ma9e1 mort le #h ,septembre1 #agjh3 enf9 ,philippe d',artois1 ,comte d',eu1 et ,conntable de ,france1 mort selon son epitaphe ,micalice en ,turquie1 c'e/--dire ,nicopoli1 le #af ,ju91 #acig4 ,le ,mausole de celui-ci1 qui e/ de m>bre1 e/ enf]m dans une espece de ,cage de f]1 dont les b>reaux n'emp*5t po9t qu'on ne puisse en appro*] et y port] la ma94 ,le ,pr9ce y e/ repres5t arm1 mais sans casque et sans gantelets1 p\r m>qu]1 dit-on1 qu'il e/ mort la gu]re1 mais non dans le combat3 il a deux petits *i5s ses pi$s1 p\r signifi]1 aj\te-t-on1 qu'il e/ mort dans son lit3 enf9 la grille qui l'environne repres5te1 dit-on encore1 qu'il e/ mort en prison4 ,le monum5t1 selon l',ecriva9 de qui j'emprunte ces conjectures1 n'a cot que #ajj livres4 #aff ,noel1 ,essais sur le ,dp>tem5t de la ,se9e ,infrieure1 ,i4 p4 #hd4 #afg ,neu/ria ,pia1 p4 #fid4 #afh ,neu/ria ,pia1 p4 #gjj4 ,,plate ,,lxxiii4-,,lxxv4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,pet]1 ,,at ,,lisieux4 ,illu/ration3 ,plates #gc-gd4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,pet] ,,at ,,lisieux4 ,! effects produc$ by ! ,fr5* revolution ^u ! religi\s /ate ( ! c\ntry1 7 sc>cely less important ?an ^u ! political4 ,9 bo? cases1 ! nation hurri$1 ) ! bl9de/ fury1 f extreme to extreme2 9 bo?1 !y foll[$ phantoms ( ideal p]fection ?r\gh an unexampl$ s]ies ( excesses & suff]+s2 9 bo?1 !y re/$ at l5g? f exhau/ion mu* m ?an f conviction2 &1 happily = mank9d & = !mselves1 !y f9ally atta9$ 9 bo? ne>ly ! same end1 rev]t+ inde$ to _! orig9al con/itutions1 b temp]+ !m ) a mo/ seasonable mixture ( civil & ecclesia/ical lib]ty4 ,! concordat effect$ = ! *ur*1 :at ! *>t] did = ! /ate4 ,! =m] ( ^! 0 "o ( ! ma/]-pieces ( ,napoleon's policy1 & 0 likewise "o ( ! e>lie/ acts ( 8 p[]4 ,x 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! ye> #ahja1 :ile ,france yet reta9$ ! "n ( a republic1 & ! ambition ( its rul] _h n v5tur$ to grasp1 at m ?an ! consul> dignity4 ,by ?is in/rum5t1 ! :ole ecclesia/ical con/itution 0 *ang$2 & n only 0 all ! p[] plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! *ief ( ! /ate1 b ! prov9ces & dioceses 7 entirely remodell$2 &1 in/ead ( tw5ty-?ree ar*bi%oprics & "o hundr$ & ?irty-f\r bi%oprics1 ! numb] ( ! =m]1 not)/&+ ! va/ ext5sion ( ! ,fr5* t]ritory1 0 r$uc$ to t51 & t ( ! latt] to fifty4 ,! ar*bi%op ( ,r\5 0 "o ( ^? :o suff]$ lea/ ^u ! occasion4 ,8 dignity 0 curtail$ only by ! suppression ( two ( 8 suffragans1 ! bi%ops ( ,avran*es & ( ,lisieux4#afi ,! *ur*1 "h figur$1 !n resign$ ! mitre1 :i* x _h conf]r$ f ! middle ( ! six? c5tury1 ^u an illu/ri\s1 ?\gh n an un9t]rupt$1 l9e ( prelates4 ,x is admitt$1 9 ! annals ( ! ca!dral1 t ei!r ! see mu/ h be5 vacant = ! space ( f\r hundr$ ye>s1 or at lea/ t ! names ( ^? :o fill$ x dur+ t p]iod1 are lo/4 ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 :o resid$ fifty-six ye>s 9 ! diocese1 & has collect$1 9 ! six? book ( 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 :atev] 0 to be f\nd 9 8 "t1 relative to its e>ly /ate1 ackn[l$ges ! *asm1 & acc\nts = x by ! foll[+ g5]al rem>ks4--,pirat de ,dani egressi sunt1 9 ,neu/riam v5]unt1 et *ri/ian fidei div9ique cults p5its ign>i1 sup] fidelem populum immanitr debac*ati sunt4 ,antiquorum scripta cum basilicis et dibus inc5dio dep]i]unt1 qu f]vida juniorum /udia1 quamvis insatiabilitr sitiant1 recup]>e nequiv]unt4 ,nonnulla v]1 qu p] dilig5tiam priscorum manibus b>b>orum sol]tr erepta sunt1 damnabili subsequ5tium neglig5ti int]i]unt4 ,! city ( ,lisieux repres5ts ! capital ( ! ,gallic tribe1 m5tion$ by ,cs>1 & o!r almo/ contempor>y writ]s1 "u ! "n ( ,lexovii2 & x is suppos$ by mod]n geograph]s1 t ! t]ritory occupi$ by ^! latt]1 0 ne>ly co-ext5sive ) ! late bi%opric ( ,lisieux4 ,on ?is subject x has be5 obs]v$1 t x is to be rem>k$1 t ! b\nds ( ! anci5t bi%oprics ( ,france 7 usually cont]m9al ) ! ,roman prov9ces & prefectures4#agj ,neomagus or ,noviomagus ,lexoviorum1 ! capital ( ! ,lexovii1 _h always be5 suppos$ to h occupi$ ! site ( ! pres5t t[n1 till "s excavations made 9 ! ye> #aggj1 = ! purpose ( =m+ a *ausse betwe5 ,lisieux & ,ca51 prov$ ! anci5t & ! mod]n city to h be5 plac$ at ! di/ance ( ab\t ?ree qu>t]s ( a mile f ea* o!r4 ,ext5sive ru9s ( build+s1 situat$ 9 a field1 call$ ,les ,t\rettes1 7 !n br\ght to light2 & among !m 7 dug up v>i\s specim5s ( anci5t art4 ,! rese>*es ( m mod]n times1 pr9cipally conduct$ by ,m4 ,l\is ,dubois1 a v able antiqu>y ( ,lisieux1 h mat]ially add$ to ! numb] z well z ! value ( ^! discov]ies2 & ! quantity ( ,roman co9s & m$als t h rew>d$ 8 rese>*es1 w\ld h left little d\bt z to ! real site ( ,neomagus1 ev5 if ! circum/ance _h n )9 a v few ye>s be5 e/abli%$ almo/ beyond a "q1 by ! detection ( a ,roman amphi!atre 9 a /ate ( great p]fection4 ,tradition1 :i* !re is 9 ?is in/ance no reason to impugn1 relates t ! ,gallo-,roman capital disappe>$ dur+ ! incursions ( ! ,saxons1 ab\t ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,9 f>!r confirmation ( su* op9ion1 x is to be obs]v$1 t none ( ! m$als dug up )9 ! ru9s1 or 9 _! vic9ity1 be> a lat] date ?an ! reign ( ,con/ant9e2 & t1 ?\gh ! city is record$ 9 ! ,it9]>y ( ,anton9us1 no m5tion ( x is to be f\nd 9 ! curi\s *>t1 kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,tabula ,peut+]iana1 =m$ "u ! reign ( ,!odosius ! ,great2 s t x !n appe>s to h be5 completely swept away & =gott54 ,mod]n ,lisieux is suppos$ to h ris5 at no di/ant p]iod ( "t aft] ! de/ruction ( ,neomagus4 ,9 ! writ+s ( ! monki% hi/orians1 x is indiff]5tly call$ ,lexovium1 ,lexobium1 ,luxovium1 ,lixovium1 & ,lizovium1 names obvi\sly borr[$ f ! classical appellation ( ! tribe1 z ! ,fr5* ^w ,lisieux is cle>ly d]iv$ f !m4 ,9 ! e>ly portion ( ,norman hi/ory1 ,lisieux is m5tion$ z hav+ felt ! v5geance ( ^! invad]s1 dur+ "o ( _! pr$atory excursions f ! ,bess91 ab\t ! ye> #hgg4 ,x 0 %ortly aft]w>ds sack$ by ,rollo himself1 :5 t conqu]or1 elat$ ) ! capture ( ,bayeux1 0 on 8 m>* to take possession ( ! capital ( ,neu/ria4 ,b ! t]ritory ( ,lisieux 0 /ill ! la/ "p ( ! du*y :i* own$ ,rollo z its "l3 x 0 n c$$ to him by ,*>les ! ,simple1 till #ibc1 at :i* "t he _h = elev5 ye>s be5 ! undisput$ sov]eign ( ! re/ ( ,norm&y4 ,nei!r "u ! ,norman dukes1 nor at a subsequ5t p]iod1 does ,lisieux appe> to h tak5 any prom95t "p 9 political transactions4 ,its c5tral situation1 by secur+ x aga9/ ! attacks ( ! ,fr5* 9 =m] times1 & m rec5tly ( ! ,engli%1 also prev5t$ x f obta9+ t hi/orical celebrity1 :i*1 f its size & opul5ce1 x c\ld sc>cely h fail$ to h o!rwise ga9$4 ,! pr9cipal ev5ts connect$ ) x1 ^u record1 are ! foll[+3--,x 0 ! focus ( ! civil w> 9 #aaja1 :5 ,ralph ,flamb>t1 bi%op ( ,durham1 escap+ f ! prison to :i* he _h be5 committ$ by 8 sov]eign1 fl$ hi!r1 & rais$ ! /&>d ( rebellion aga9/ ,h5ry1 9 favor ( 8 bro!r4--,9 #aacf1 ,lisieux 0 attack$ by ! =ces ( ,anj\1 "u ! comm& ( ,ge(frey ,plantag5et1 husb& ( ! ,empress ,maude1 jo9$ by ^? ( ,william1 ,duke ( ,poiti]s2 & ! g>rison1 compos$ ( ,bretons1 see+ no hope ( resi/ance or ( rescue1 burn$ ! t[n4--,?irty-?ree ye>s subsequ5tly1 ! city 0 honor$ by be+ select$ by ,?omas--,becket1 z ! place ( 8 retirem5t dur+ 8 tempor>y disgrace4 ,arnulf1 !n bi%op ( ,lisieux1 _h labor$ dilig5tly1 ?\gh ineffectually1 to re/ore amity betwe5 ! sov]eign & ! prelate1 esp\s+1 inde$1 decid$ly ! cause ( ! latt]1 b at ! same "t nev] =feit+ ! fri5d%ip ( ! =m]1 = :om1 aft] ! murd] ( ,becket1 he wrote a lett] ( excuse to ! supreme pontiff1 9 ! jo9t names ( all ! bi%ops ( ,engl&4--,lisieux1 9 #abac1 pass$ f "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,norman dukes1 to ! sway ( ! ,fr5* mon>*4 ,x op5$ its gates to ,philip-,augu/us1 imm$iately aft] ! fall ( ,ca5 & ,bayeux2 & its surr5d] 0 accompani$ ) t ( ,c\tances & ,sez1 all ( !m )\t a bl[1 z ! k+'s poetical *ronicl]1 ,brito1 relates 9 ! foll[+ l9es3-- ,cumque diocesibus tribus illi tres s9e bello ,sese sponte su prcl>i nom9is urbes ,subjiciunt1 ,sagium1 ,con/antia1 ,lexoviumque4 ,9 subsequ5t times1 ,lisieux suff]$ sev]ely1 :5 tak5 by ! ,engli% army "u ,h5ry ,v4 9 #adag4 ,its recapture by ,*>les ,,vii4 ?irty-two ye>s aft]w>ds1 0 un/a9$ by blood%$4 ,a great "p ( ! prec$+ acc\nt ( ,lisieux has be5 borr[$ f ,mr4 ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y3 :at foll[s1 relative to ! *ur* "h figur$1 w be entirely s3--,! ca!dral1 n[ ! p>i% *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 d]iv$ "o advantage f ! revolution4 ,ano!r *ur*1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,g]ma91 :i* _h previ\sly /ood imm$iately be=e x1 s z almo/ to block up ! approa*1 0 tak5 d[n1 & ! we/ front ( ! ca!dral 0 made to op5 ^u a spaci\s squ>e4--,solid1 simple gr&eur are ! *>act]s ( ?is front1 :i*1 not)/&+ "s slight anomalies1 is1 ^u ! :ole1 a noble specim5 ( e>ly po9t$ ar*itecture4--,x consi/s ( ?ree equal comp>tm5ts1 ! lat]al ones ris+ into %ort squ>e t[]s ( simil> height4 ,! s\!rn t[] is surm\nt$ by a l(ty /one spire1 probably ( a date po/]ior to ! "p bel[4 ,! spire ( ! opposite t[] fell 9 #aeec1 at :i* "t mu* injury 0 done to ! build+1 & p>ticul>ly to ! c5tral door-way1 :i*1 ev5 to ! pres5t day1 has nev] be5 repair$4--,contr>y to ! usual elevation ( ,fr5* ca!drals1 ! great w9d[ ov] ! pr9cipal entrance is n circul>1 b po9t$3 x is divid$ into ?ree comp>tm5ts by broad mullions1 enri*$ ) _m m\ld+s4 ,! comp>tm5ts end 9 acute po9t$ ar*es4 ,9 ! nor? t[]1 ! :ole ( ! space f ! basem5t /ory is occupi$ by only two ti]s ( w9d[s4 ,ea* ti] conta9s two w9d[s1 extremely n>r[1 consid]+ _! height2 & yet1 n>r[ z !y are1 ea* ( !m is p>t$ by a circul> mullion or c5tral pill>4 ,y w bett] und]/& h[ high !y mu/ be1 :5 told t1 9 ! s\!rn t[]1 ! space ( ! upp] r[ is divid$ into ?ree di/9ct ti]s2 & /ill ! w9d[s d n appe> disproportionately %ort4 ,!y also are d\ble1 & ! int]ior ar*es are po9t$2 b ! ar*es1 )9 :i* !y are plac$1 are circul>4 ,9 ?is circum/ance lies ! pr9cipal anomaly 9 ! front ( ! ca!dral2 b !re is no appe>ance ( any disp>ity 9 po9t ( dates2 = ! circul> ar*es are support$ on ! same sl5d] mullions1 ) rude foliag$ capitals1 ( great projection1 :i* are ! mo/ di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( ?is /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,! date ( ! build+ e/abli%es ! fact ( ! po9t$ ar* be+ 9 use1 n only z an occasional v>iation1 b 9 ! entire con/ruction ( *ur*es ^u a gr& scale1 z e>ly z ! elev5? c5tury4--,samm>?anus tells u t ,bi%op ,h]b]t1 :o di$ 9 #ajdi1 began to build ?is *ur*1 b did n live to see x complet$2 & ,ord]icus ,vitalis expressly adds1 t ,hugh1 ! successor to ,h]b]t1 ^u 8 dea?-b$1 9 #ajgg1 :ile retrac+ 8 pa/ life1 made use ( ^! words3--',ecclesiam ,sancti ,petri1 pr9cipis apo/olorum1 quam v5]abilis ,h]b]tus1 prdecessor meus1 coepit1 p]feci1 /udios adornavi1 honorific d$icavi1 et cultoribus necess>iisque div9o s]vitio vasis aliisque app>atibus copios ditavi4'--,language ( ?is k9d appe>s too explicit to leave room = ambiguity1 b an op9ion has /ill prevail$1 f\nd$ probably ^u ! /yle ( ! ar*itecture1 t ! ca!dral 0 n f9i%$ till ne> ! expiration ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,admitt+1 h[ev]1 su* to be ! fact1 ,i d n see h[ x w mat]ially help ^? :o favor ! op9ion2 = ! build+ is f> f be+1 z commonly happ5s 9 great *ur*es1 a m$ley ( incongru\s p>ts2 b x is ^u "o fix$ plan2 &1 z x 0 begun1 s x 0 end$4--,! ext]ior ( ! extremity ( ! s\? transept 7see plate sev5ty-five17 is a /ill m complete example ( ! e>ly po9t$ /yle ?an ! we/ front2 ?is /yle1 :i* 0 ! mo/ *a/e1 &1 if ,i may be all[$ to use ! expression1 ! mo/ sev]e ( all1 sc>cely any :]e displays itself to great] advantage4 ,! c5tral w9d[ is compos$ ( five lancet divisions1 support$ ^u sl5d] pill>s3 massy buttresses ( sev]al splays b\nd x on ei!r side4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ge4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,pet] ,,at ,,lisieux4 ,s\? ,transept4 ,! same "* ( uni=mity ext5ds ov] ! int]ior ( ! build+4 ,on ea* side ( ! nave is a side-aisle2 &1 beyond ! aisles1 *apels4 ,! pill>s ( ! nave are cyl9drical1 solid1 & pla94 ,_! bases end ) foliage at ea* corn]1 & foliage is also sculptur$ ^u ! capitals4 ,! ar*es :i* !y support are acute4--,! tri=ium is simil> 9 plan to ! "p bel[2 b ! capitals ( ! columns are consid]ably m enri*$1 ) an obvi\s imitation ( ! antique model1 & e ar* encircles two small] ones4 ,9 ! cl]e/ory ! w9d[s are mod]n4--,! transepts appe> ! olde/ p>ts ( ! ca!dral1 z is n unfrequ5tly ! case2 :e!r !y 7 really built be=e ! re/1 or t1 f be+ less us$ 9 ! s]vices ( ! *ur*1 !y 7 less commonly ! objects ( subsequ5t alt]ations4 ,!y are l>ge2 & ea* ( !m has an aisle on ! ea/]n side4 ,! ar*itecture ( ! *oir resembles t ( ! nave1 except t ! five pill>s1 :i* =m ! apsis1 are sl5d]1 & ! int]v5+ ar*es m n>r[ & m acute4--,! ,lady-,*apel1 :i* is long & n>r[1 0 built t[>ds ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 by ,pet] ,cau*on1 ?irty-six? bi%op ( ,lisieux1 :o1 = 8 /eady atta*m5t to ! ,anglo-,norman cause1 0 translat$ to ?is see1 9 #adbi1 :5 ,beauvais1 ( :i* he _h previ\sly be5 bi%op1 fell into ! h&s ( ! ,fr5*4 ,he 0 select$1 9 #adca1 = ! invidi\s (fice ( presid+ at ! trial ( ! ,maid ( ,orleans4 ,rep5tance foll[$2 &1 z an atonem5t = 8 unrighte\s conduct1 accord+ to ,duc>el1 he erect$ ?is *apel1 & !re9 f\nd$ a high mass to ! ,holy ,virg91 :i* 0 duly sung by ! *ori/]s2 9 ord]1 z is express$ 9 8 end[m5t-*>t]1 to expiate ! false judgm5t :i* he pron\nc$4#aga--,! two w9d[s by ! side ( ! alt> 9 ?is *apel h be5 pa9t$ ( a crimson color1 to add to ! effect produc$ ^u ent]+ ! *ur*2 &1 se5 z !y are1 ?r\gh ! long p]spective ( ! nave & ! di/ant ar*es ( ! *oir1 ! gl[+ t9t is by no means unpleas+4--,! c5tral t[] is op5 )9 ! *ur* to a consid]able height3 x is support$ by f\r ar*es ( unusual boldness1 above :i* runs a r[ ( small ar*es1 ( ! same "* z ! re/ ( ! build+2 & /ill high]1 on ea* side1 are two lancet-w9d[s4--,! vault+ ( ! ro( is v pla91 ) bosses slightly p5dant & c>v$4 ,at ! extremity ( ! nor? transept is an anci5t /one s>cophagus1 s built into ! wall1 t x appe>s to h be5 incorporat$ ) ! edifice1 at ! p]iod :5 x 0 rais$4 ,! "* ( ! heads1 ! cr[ns1 & ! disposition ( ! foliage1 may be consid]$ z indicat+ t x is a production1 at lea/ ( ! ,c>lov+ian p]iod1 if x be n inde$ ( e>li] date4 ,i believe x is traditionally suppos$ to h be5 ! tomb ( a sa9t1 p]haps ,/4 ,c&idus2 b ,i am n q c]ta9 :e!r ,i am accurate 9 ! recollection ( ! "n4--,above are two arm$ /atues1 probably ( ! twelf? or ?irte5? c5turies4 ,^! h be5 engrav$ by ,willem91 9 8 useful "w1 ,les ,monum5s ,franais1 "u ! title ( ,two ,arm$ ,w>riors1 9 ! ,nave ( ! ,ca!dral1 at ,lisieux2 & bo? are !re figur$ z if 9 all respects p]fect1 & ) a great _m details :i* d n exi/1 & nev] c\ld h exi/$2 ?\gh at ! same "t ! draftsman has omitt$ ! animals at ! feet ( ! /atues1 "o ( :i* is yet ne>ly entire4--,?is may be reckon$ among ! innum]able pro(s ( ! total disreg>d ( accuracy :i* p]vades ! "w ( ,fr5* antiqu>ies4 ,a ,fr5* design] nev] scruples to sacrifice correctness to :at he consid]s effect4--,willem9 describes ! monum5ts z be+ 9 ! nave ( ! *ur*4 ,i suspect t he has avail$ himself ( ! unpubli%$ collection ( ,gaignat1 9 ?is & _m o!r in/ances4 ,x is evid5t t1 orig9ally1 ! /atues 7 recumb5t2 b ,i _c asc]ta9 :5 _! position 0 *ang$4--,no o!r tombs n[ exi/ 9 ! ca!dral3 ! braz5 monum5t rais$ to ,hannui]1 an ,engli%man1 ! m>ble t commemorat$ ! bi%op1 ,william d',e/\teville2 f\nd] ( ! ,collge de ,lisieux at ,p>is1 t ( ,pet] ,cau*on 9 ! ,lady-,*apel1 & all ! re/1 7 de/roy$ dur+ ! revolution4 ,,notes3 #afi ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! bi%opric ( ,lisieux1 is extract$ f ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana1 ,,xi4 p4 #gfb1 to enable ! read] to =m an op9ion ( its ext5t & importance4--,ecclesia hc ct]is ,neu/ri episcopatibus facultatibus haud imp>1 patronum agnoscit ,s4 ,petrum ,apo/olorum pr9cipem4 ,episcopus1 qui et episcopus e/ capituli1 comes e/ et civitatis4 ,hunc comitatum septem componunt b>oni1 de ,nonanto 9 ,bajocass9o1 de ,?ib]villa1 de ,glos et ,c\r?ona1 de ,gaceio1 de ,t\qua1 de ,canapvilla et de ,bonnavilla la ,l\vet1 omnes 9 dioecesi4 ,episcopus prt]ea cons]vator e/ privilegiorum academi ,cadom5sis4 ,dignitates omnes et prb5das ecclesi ,lexovi5sis conf]t1 excepto decano qui eligitur a capitulo1 nec a quoquam confirmatur4 ,prt] decanum1 capitulum octo con/at dignitatibus1 cantore1 qui resid]e t5etur1 !saur>io1 capic]io1 magi/ro s*ol>um et quatuor ar*idiaconis2 #a4 de ,liev9o cui subsunt quatuor decanatus rurales1 ,moyaux1 ,cormeilles1 ,b]nai1 et ,orbec1 9 quibus #aci p>o*i1 rectori v]o seu cur #adh2 #b4 de ,algia1 cui subsunt tres decanatus1 ,mesnil-,maug]1 ,beuvron et ,beaumont1 9 quibus #abh p>o*i1 rectori v]o #acg2 #c4 de ,ponte ,audom>o1 cui subsunt tres decanatus1 ,t\ques1 ,honfleur1 et ,pontaudem]1 9 quibus #hi p>o*i1 rectori #ic2 #d4 d5ique de ,gaceio1 cui subsunt quatuor decanatus1 ,gacey1 ,liv>ot1 ,montreul1 et ,vimonti]1 9 quibus #aaa p>o*i1 et #aag rectori4 ,po/ dignitates sunt #ca prb5d integr cum duabus semiprb5dis1 e quibus undecim antiqu fundationis1 quas qui t55t b>ones vocantur4 ,sunt et ali sex prb5d ,volantes dict1 qu quotidianis non gaud5t di/ributionibus4 ,sunt adhuc 9 eadem ecclesia #d vic>ii1 quorum tres revocabiles1 et #cj capellani1 quorum septem episcopus1 et #bc in/ituit capitulum4 ,prt] p>o*ias supra memoratas1 sunt et ali undecim 9 urbe et baleuca ,lexovi5si1 rectori duodecim3 quatuor 9 exemtione de ,nonanto prope ,bajocas1 qu>um sex rectores1 et qu9que 9 exemtione ,s4 ,c&idi s5ioris 9 urbe et dioecesi ,rotomag5si1 qu>um unam1 scilicet ,s4 ,c&idi s5ioris collegiatam simul et p>o*ialem adm9i/rant quatuor canonici1 qui alt]nis vicibus p>o*ialia obeunt munia2 decanatus enim annexus e/ episcopo ,lexovi5si qui jurisdictionem ex]cet 9 qu9que illas ecclesias4 ,tota d5ique dioecesis ,lexovi5sis #dhg p>o*ias cont9et1 rectorias #ebj4 #agj ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #aci4 #aga ,anglo-,norman ,antiquities1 p4 #dg4 ,,plate ,,lxxvi4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,ou51 ,,at ,,r\54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #gf4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,ou51 ,,at ,,r\54 ,nor? ,ea/ ,view4 ,! beauty ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ou5 has be5 a frequ5t !me ( admiration among ! lov]s ( anci5t ecclesia/ical ar*itecture4 ,! excell5cies ( ! build+ h be5 d5i$ by none1 :ile "s h gone s f> z to consid] x z ! v p]fection ( t /yle1 :i* has g5]ally1 h[ev] improp]ly1 obta9$ ! "n ( ,go?ic4 ,a rec5t ,engli% travell]1 ^: att5tion 0 expressly direct$ to ! diff]5t dep>tm5ts ( ! arts1 be>s ! foll[+ te/imony 9 its favor3 ,beyond all comp>ison1 ! f9e/ specim5 ( ,go?ic ar*itecture :i* we h met ) 9 ,france1 is ,sa9t ,ou51 ! second>y *ur* at ,r\54 ,contra/$ ) ,salisbury ca!dral1 x is small2 b x does n1 ,i ?9k1 yield to t or any o!r /ructure ,i h ev] se51 9 elegance1 lightness1 or graceful uni=mity4#agb ,previ\sly to ! suppression ( mona/]ies 9 ,france1 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ou5 made "p ( ! abbey ( ! same "n1 "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ & mo/ anci5t 9 ,norm&y4 ,x is n[ a p>o*ial *ur*1 & is happily 9 ne>ly a p]fect /ate1 hav+ suff]$ comp>atively b little f ! mad folly ( ! ,calv9i/s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 or ! democrats ( ! eighte5?2 ?\gh e /udi$ insult 0 (f]$ to x by ! =m]1 & 9 ! fury ( ! revolution x 0 despoil$ & desecrat$--degrad$ at "o "t to a manufactory = ! =g+ ( arms1 & at ano!r to a magaz9e = =age4--,diff]5t acc\nts are giv5 ( ! f\ndation ( ! conv5t3 "s writ]s cont5d = its hav+ tak5 place z e>ly z ! la/ ye> ( ! f\r? c5tury1 & hav+ be5 ! "w ( ! piety ( ,sa9t ,victrice1 !n bi%op ( ,r\52 o!rs1 & ^! ! great] numb]1 are cont5t ) trac+ x f ! reign ( ,clo?air4 ,^? :o adopt ! latt] op9ion are aga9 divid$1 z to :e!r t pr9ce himself 0 ! actual f\nd]1 or only ratifi$ by 8 royal sanction :at 0 really ! e/abli%m5t ( ,ar*bi%op ,flavius4 ,9 ei!r case1 h[ev]1 !y agree 9 dat+ ! orig9 ( ! abbey f ! ye> #ece4 ,an hi/orian1 :o liv$ z e>ly z ! middle ( ! t5? c5tury1 speaks ( ! orig9al *ur* ( ,/4 ,ou51 z an edifice des]v+ ( admiration3--44444 miro op]e1 quadris lapidibus1 manu ,go?ic14444 olim nobilitr con/ructa4#agc--,! abbey 0 at fir/ plac$ "u ! invocation ( ! ,holy ,apo/les g5]ally3 x 0 aft]w>ds d$icat$ to ,/4 ,pet] alone2 b1 f ! ye> #fib1 x has own$ no o!r patron ?an ,/4 ,ou51#agd ^: body 0 ?ree ye>s be=e int]r$ 9 ! *ur*1 :i* he _h protect$ ) 8 especial favor :ile liv+1 & :i* d]iv$ /ill great] b5efits f him aft] 8 dea?1 ow+ to ! conc\rse ( pilgrims attract$ by ! miracles t 7 wr\ght at 8 tomb4 ,^u ! irruption ( ! ,normans 9 ! n9? c5tury1 ?is abbey %>$ ! common fate ( ! ,neu/rian conv5ts2 &1 l ! re/1 x rose f its a%es ) great] magnific5ce1 aft] ! conv]sion ( ^! b>b>ians to ,*ri/ianity4 ,ni*olas1 ! f\r? abbot ( ! conv5t1 son ( ,duke ,ri*>d ,,ii4 & ( ,judi? ( ,brittany1 is said by ,ord]icus ,vitalis to h comm5c$ a new *ur* ( wond]ful size & elegance4 ,b ?\gh he presid$ ov] ! frat]nity ne>ly sixty ye>s1 he did n live to see ! build+ f9i%$3 ! br++ ( ! task to p]fection 0 res]v$ = ,william ,balot1 ! next b "o to him 9 ! succession2 & ev5 he di$ 9 ! v ye> ( ! d$ication1 :i* did n take place till #aabf4 ,?is *ur*1 :i* x _h co/ eighty ye>s to build1 0 suff]$ to exi/ b a %ort "t aft] its completion3 only t5 ye>s _h elaps$ f its d$ication1 :5 x fell a prey to a conflagration1 :i* 0 at ! same "t de/ructive to ! great] "p ( ! city3 ano!r *ur*1 built %ortly aft]1 & *iefly by ! munific5ce ( ,ri*>d ,coeur-de-,lion1 %>$ ! same fate 9 #abdh4 ,b ev5 ^! repeat$ disa/]s 9 no wise abat$ ! _s ( ! monks3 !y _h retir$ ) ! wreck ( _! prop]ty to "o ( _! e/ates ne> ,r\51 & !re1 by economy on _! own "p1 & lib]ality on t ( o!rs1 !y soon f\nd !mselves 9 a /ate to und]take ! erection ( a f\r? conv5t1 ( great] ext5t ?an any ( ! =m]1 & to inclose x ) high walls4 ,! honor ( lay+ ! fir/ /one ( ! new *ur*1 ! same t is n[ /&+1 is attribut$ to "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! abbots1 ,john ,r\ssel1 m commonly kn[n by ! "n ( ,m>cd>g5t4#age ,he _h be5 elect$ to ! prelacy 9 #acjc2 &1 fifte5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 he comm5c$ ! /ructure4 ,he presid$ ov] ! mona/]y ?irty-sev5 ye>s1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! ,lady-,*apel ( ! *ur*1 :i* he _h complet$ z f> we/w>d z ! transepts4 ,! pomp ) :i* 8 fun]al 0 conduct$1 is record$ at l5g? 9 ! ,neu/ria ,pia2 & ! same "w has also pres]v$ ! foll[+ inscription1 engrav$ ^u 8 c(f91 :i* describes1 ) great precision1 ! progress made by him 9 ! build+3-- ,,hic ,,jacet ,,frat] ,,joannes ,,m>cd>g5t ,,alias ,,r\ssel1 ,,quondam ,,abbas ,,i/ius ,,mona/]ii1 ,,qui ,,coepit ,,dific>e ,,i/am ,,ecclesiam ,,de ,,novo2 ,,et ,,fecit ,,*orum ,,et ,,capellas1 ,,et ,,pilli>ia ,,turris1 ,,et ,,magnam ,,p>tem ,,turris ,s4 ,,audo5i1 ,,mona/]ii ,,dicti4 ,! rema9+ p>ts ( ! *ur* 7 n f9i%$ till ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 x 0 br\ght to its pres5t /ate by ! ?irty-f\r? abbot1 ,an?ony ,bohi]1 :o1 9 ! annals ( ! conv5t1 be>s ! "* ( hav+ be5 a magnific5t re/or] & repair] ( anci5t mona/]ies4 ,admirable z is ! /ructure1 ! orig9al design ( ! ar*itect 0 nev] complet$4 ,! we/]n front rema9s imp]fect2 & ?is is ! m to be regrett$1 z t "p is naturally ! fir/ t meets ! eye ( ! /rang]1 :o ?us receives an unfavorable impression1 :i* x is aft]w>ds difficult :olly to bani%4 ,! int5tion 01 t ! portal %\ld h be5 flank$ by magnific5t t[]s1 end+ 9 a comb9ation ( op5 ar*es & trac]y1 correspond+ ) ! outl9e & fa%ion ( ! c5tral t[]4 ,an engrav+1 ?\gh a wret*$ "o1 ( ?is int5d$ front1 is giv5 9 ,pomm]aye's ,hi/ory ( ! ,abbey1 f a sket* pres]v$ among ! records ( ! conv5t4 ,! view ( ?is *ur*1 et*$ by ,mr4 ,cotman1 is copi$ f a draw+ made by ,miss ,elizabe? ,turn]4 ,x repres5ts ! build+1 z se5 f a seat 9 ! g>d5s =m]ly belong+ to ! mona/]y1 b n[ op5 to ! public2 & x is well calculat$ to convey a g5]al idea ( ! "* ( ! ext]ior ( ! build+1 includ+ ! c5tral t[]1 :i* is :olly compos$ ( op5 ar*es & trac]y1 & t]m9ates1 l ! s\? t[] ( ! ca!dral1 ) an octangul> cr[n ( fleurs-de-lys4 ,! plate also exhibits a portion ( a circul> *apel1 n[ commonly kn[n by ! "n ( la ,*ambre des ,cl]cs1 ! only rema9+ "p ( ! *ur* built by ,william ,balot1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,?is *apel1 ! s\? por*1 ! c5tral t[]1 & a specim5 ( anci5t sculpture 9 ! *ur*1 h be5 engrav$ by ,mr4 ,turn]1 9 8 ,t\r 9 ,norm&y4 ,! two fir/1 ( ! same subjects1 toge!r ) ! we/]n front1 a g5]al view ( ! *ur* f ! s\?1 ! curi\s bas-relief ov] ! s\!rn entrance1 & a repres5tation ( ! int]ior1 h s9ce be5 li?ographiz$ 9 ,m4 ,jolimont's ,monum5s de la ,norm&ie4 ,consid]able pa9s h be5 devot$ 9 bo? ^! works1 to ! description & ! hi/ory ( ! build+2 & to !m ! read] mu/ be ref]r$1 :o is unwill+ to engage ) ! pond]\s folio ( ,pomm]aye4 ,,notes3 #agb ,milton's ,lett]s on ! ,f9e ,arts1 writt5 f ,p>is 9 ! ye> #ahae4 p4 #ahc4 #agc ,jolimont1 f :om ?is quotation is borr[$1 /ates1 t x is to be f\nd 9 ! *ronicle ( an au?or ( ! "n ( ,fridegode2 & he proce$s ) ! foll[+ obs]vations3--,! expression appe>s rem>kable1 z w>rant+ ! inf]5ce1 t ! /yle ( ar*itecture1 :i* ,fridegode calls ,go?ic1 0 9 use 9 ,france z e>ly z ! comm5cem5t ( ! six? c5tury1 ! "t assign$ by him = ! build+ ( ! fir/ *ur* ( ,/4 ,ou54 ,b x is equally to be inf]r$1 f ! mann] 9 :i* he notices x1 t ?is /yle 0 n !n common2 & 8 subjo9+1 t x 0 made ( squ>e /ones1 79 opposition1 mo/ probably1 to rubble7 s]ves to po9t out t su* an edifice 0 an extraord9>y build+ = ,r\5 at t p]iod4 ,?is idea receives confirmation1 f ! reflection1 t ! mat]ials = =m+ ! city 7 orig9ally suppli$ out ( ! =e/s t inclos$ x2 s t1 n only ! h\ses ( individuals1 b ! public edifices1 7 m]ely ( wood4 ,/4 ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 speak+1 9 8 fif? book1 ( a *ur* at ,r\51 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,m>t91 uses ! foll[+ expression3--',qu sup] muros civitatis ligneis tabulis fabricata e/4'--,inde$1 ! few /one-build+s !n at ,r\51 7 almo/ exclusively devot$ to ! purposes ( =tification1 & 7 ( fl9t or s&-/one1 r ?an ( free-/one4 ,e ?+ too t5ds to prove t ar*itecture 0 !n 9 its infancy 9 ! capital ( ,neu/ria2 or1 if x ev] _h be5 m advanc$ !re1 :i* c\ld h be5 only "u ! ,roman sway1 t x _h retrograd$ into a b>b>\s /ate4--,moreov]1 ! ,go?ic /yle1 m5tion$ by ,fridegode1 0 no o!r ?an a deg5]ation ( ! ,roman1 or1 m prop]ly1 ( ! ,lomb>dic ar*itecture1 di/+ui%$ by ! circul> ar*1 by insulat$ columns1 by a paucity ( ornam5ts1 & by a g5]al massiv5ess4 ,x is by no means to be conf\nd$ ) ! /yle :i* has s9ce pass$ "u ! same "n1 a /yle introduc$ ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! twelf? c5tury1 imm$iately aft] ! crusades1 ) its ogee =ms1 sl5d] clu/]$ columns1 & e portion ( ! build+ *>act]iz$ by extreme lightness1 yet /ill load$ ) a pr(usion ( cr[d$ ornam5ts4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ?is ,lomb>dic /yle 0 practis$ z e>ly z ! fif? or six? c5tury1 9 a t[n s backw>d 9 ! sci5ce ( ar*itecture z ,r\51 :at date is to be assign$ = its introduction into o!r p>ts ( ,france1 :]e ! k ( ! f9e arts disappe>$ = a mu* %ort] p]iod8--,x mu/ be left to ! decision ( antiqu>ies1 :om ?is passage 9 ,fridegode seems to h escap$1 to det]m9e h[ f> ! =ego+ obs]vations are j1 & may s]ve to ?r[ light ^u ! hi/ory ( ! /yle ( ar*itecture call$ ,go?ic1 ! orig9 ( :i* 9 ,france has always be5 att5d$ ) great obscurity4 #agd ,/4 ,ou5 0 born ,a4,d4 #fjj1 at ! village ( ,sanci1 ne> ,soissons4 ,he 0 ( a noble family1 & 0 educat$ 9 ! abbey ( ,/4 ,md>1 at ,soissons1 :5ce he 0 remov$1 at an e>ly age1 to ! c\rt ( ,clo?air ,,ii4 ,at ! c\rt1 he contract$ an intimate fri5d%ip ) ,/4 ,eloi2 &1 "u ,dagob]t1 became ! favorite ( ! mon>*1 z well z 8 *ancellor & m9i/] ( /ate4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( 8 life1 8 /rong turn to religion r5d]$ him a w>m patron ( mona/ic e/abli%m5ts2 &1 among o!rs1 he f\nd$ ! celebrat$ abbey ( ,rebais en ,brie4 ,he 0 /ill "y :5 he r5\nc$ ! _w1 embrac$ ! ecclesia/ical /ate1 & devot$ himself to ! prea*+ ( ! gospel2 %ortly aft] :i*1 at ! reque/ ( ! inhabitants ( ,r\51 he 0 appo9t$ to succe$ ,/4 ,roma91 z _! pa/or4 ,8 consecration took place 9 #fdf1 & 0 p]=m$ 9 ! *ur* ( ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,pet]1 s9ce-call$ ,/4 ,ou54 ,x 0 also at 8 own p>ticul> desire1 t he 0 !re int]r$4 ,8 "n occurs among ^? ( ! prelates :o 7 pres5t at ! c\ncil ( ,*lons1 9 #fej2 he 0 likewise entru/$ by ! k+ ) v>i\s important negociations2 &1 aft] an e>?ly c>e]1 pass$1 accord+ to 8 hi/orians1 9 ! practice ( e civil & apo/olic virtue1 he di$ at ,cli*y1 ne> ,p>is1 9 ! ye> #fhi4 #age ,! foll[+ extract f ! ,neu/ria ,pia1 p4 #ce1 be>s witness at once to ! m]its ( ! abbot1 & ! light 9 :i* ! build+ 0 reg>d$ ?r\gh\t ,france4--,hic ,abbatiam rep]it bonis omnibus suffici5t] munitam1 pecunia et commeatu haud indig5tem3 quam et ipse sapi5t] ac religios gub]navit1 locupletavit1 et vehem5t] adauxit2 tum possessionibus et r$ditibus1 tum dificiis ac rep>ationibus3 ,basilicam iliam admirabili /ructura compositam1 totiusque ,galli speciosissimam1 con/ru]e coepit1 anno #acah1 die fe/o ,s4 ,urbani2 quam cont9uavit ad ann4 usque #acci1 9 fe/o ,apo/olorum ,,ss4 ,petri et ,pauli3 quo 9 op]e exp5dit #fcjcf libras arg5ti1 et qu9que solidos ,turon5sis3 7qu nunc haud posset compl]i dificio pro #ffcjcf libris1 etiam aureis7 quorum omnium tess]em vet]a hujusce domus inclyt monim5ta nunc usque accurat cont95t4 ,de hujusmodi celeb]rima de1 sic quidam neot]icus v] locutus e/4 ,nunc e/ ,s4 ,audo5i3 cujus mirabilis /ructura1 hodieque dubium rel9quit1 si alia p] ,galliam spl5didior et elegantior3 ,mona/]ium e/ tota quidem ,europa1 celeb]rimum1 s$ ,patroni sui sanctitate magis /im&um4 cui alii ad/ipulantur4 ,et hoc1 consilio et auxilio ,d4 ,c>oli1 ,comitis ,valesii3 cui op]i ,c>olus ,valesius ,,vi4 ,rex ann4 #achj1 dono d$it tria millia libr>um ad in/antiam ,burgundi ,ducis1 sui patruelis4 ,,plate ,,lxxvii4 ,,f\nta9 ,,( ,,! ,,/one ,,cross1 ,,at ,,r\54#agf ,illu/ration3 ,plate #gg4 ,,f\nta9 ,,( ,,! ,,/one ,,cross ,,at ,,r\54 ,r\5 has long boa/$ a pre-em95ce ov] ! great] "p ( ! cities ( ,france1 ) respect to its public f\nta9s4 ,! *alk hills1 ) :i* x is surr\nd$1 furni% an abundant supply ( excell5t spr+s2 & ! wat]s ( ^!1 l$ into diff]5t p>ts ( ! t[n1 contribute 9 no less a degree to ! embelli%m5t ( ! city1 ?an to ! com=t ( ! inhabitants4 ,! =m ( "s1 & ! ornam5ts ( o!rs1 are well des]v+ ( att5tion1 not)/&+ ! injuries t h inevitably occurr$ f "t1 or ! m cruel ones t h be5 caus$ by wanton mutilation4 ,x is ^u hi/orical record1 t !re 7 sev]al f\nta9s at ,r\51 z e>ly z ! twelf? c5tury1 b _! numb]1 :i* n[ exce$s ?irty1 receiv$ its pr9cipal increase t[>ds ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 & x 0 !n also t ! idea seems fir/ to h be5 conceiv$ ( mak+1 :at 0 orig9ally design$ only = conv5i5ce1 subs]vi5t to beauty4 ,= ?is new supply ( ornam5tal f\nta9s1 ,r\5 is indebt$ to its great b5efactor1 ! ,c>d9al ,georges d',amboise1 :o1 unit+ ! ,norman ar*iepiscopal mitre to ! (fice ( prime m9i/]1 "u ,l\is ,,xii4 0 no less able ?an he 0 will+1 to r5d] ! mo/ ess5tial s]vices to ! seat ( 8 spiritual jurisdiction4 ,x 0 "u ! auspices ( ?is ar*bi%op1 t ! f\nta9 "h figur$1 "o ( ! e>lie/ ( t p]iod1 0 erect$4 ,he caus$ x to be built 9 ! ye> #aejj4 ,! spot :i* x occupies1 is ! cross-way =m$ by ! union ( ! /reets1 call$ ,/4 ,vivi51 ,/4 ,hilaire1 & ,coqu]aumont1 a spot :i*1 previ\sly to ! reign ( ,/4 ,l\is1 0 n includ$ )9 ! walls ( ! t[n1 & :i*1 ev5 at ! di/ance ( "o hundr$ ye>s aft] t "t1 _h n begun to be inhabit$4 ,s anci5t is ! practice ( plac+ /one crosses at ! junction ( roads 9 ! vic9ity ( cities1 t x w\ld be difficult to assign any probable "t = ! erection ( t :i* 0 replac$ by ! f\nta9 t /ill be>s its "n4 ,! wat]s ( ?is f\nta9 h _! orig9 9 a spr+1 :i* fl[s at ! foot ( a hill ne> ! village ( ,/4 ,lg]1 at "s di/ance f ,r\54 ,! execution ( ! /ructure unites a happy mixture ( boldness 9 outl9e1 & delicacy 9 details3 its pyramidal =m is graceful4 ,x consi/s ( ?ree /ories1 gradually dim9i%+ 9 height & diamet] z !y rise1 & t]m9at+ 9 a cross1 ^: clumsy %ape only r5d]s ! de/ruction ( t :i* x replaces ! m to be regrett$4 ,! =m is octagon ?r\gh\t2 & ^u e comp>tm5t 9 ea* ( ! /ories1 is c>v$1 at a %ort di/ance f its base1 a n>r[ c9quefoil-head$ ar*1 surm\nt$ by a triangul> crocket$ canopy4 ,b ! crockets & f9ials h be5 9 mo/ in/ances de/roy$4 ,! wat] issues f f\r pipes 9 ! basem5t4 ,ea* ( ! ar*es ( ! l[] ti] s]ves z a tab]nacle = a wood5 /atue ( a ,madonna1 or sa9t1 ( wret*$ execution1 a poor sub/itute = ^? t occupi$ ! same ni*es previ\sly to ! tr\bles ( #agib1 at :i* "t ! religi\s "* ( ! f\nta9 m>k$ x out z an object ( popul> v5geance4 ,x 0 suff]$ to cont9ue 9 its mutilat$ & degrad$ /ate1 f t p]iod till ! ye> #ahaf1 :5 ! inhabitants ( ?is "p ( ! t[n und]took to re/ore x at _! own exp5se4 ,_! labors h hi!rto proce$$ no f>!r ?an fill+ ! ni*es afre% ) images1 & do+ su* repairs z 7 absolutely necess>y to keep ! :ole /ructure f fall+ into ru94 ,ev5 by ?is1 h[ev]1 !y h secur$ !mselves ! good w ( ! ar*bi%op1 :o consecrat$ ! f\nta9 ) great pomp anew1 on ! #bd? ( ,augu/1 #ahaf4 ,! resemblance betwe5 ! ,f\nta9 ( ! ,/one ,cross1 at ,r\51 & ! monum5tal crosses erect$ 9 ,engl& by ,k+ ,edw>d ,i4 to p]petuate ! memory ( 8 consort1 ,eleanor ( ,ca/illo1 w n fail to /rike ! ,briti% antiqu>y4 ,x is m ?an probable1 t ! idea ( ! =m] 0 borr[$ f ! latt]1 to :i*1 h[ev]1 x is v inf]ior 9 po9t ( ri*ness ( ornam5ts1 or beauty ( execution4 ,,notes3 #agf ,x is "r to obs]ve1 t ! acc\nts "h giv5 ( ?is & ! foll[+ article1 are little m ?an a translation1 9 ! second in/ance mat]ially abridg$1 ( :at is publi%$ ^u ! same subjects1 9 ,jolimont1 ,monum5s de la ,norm&ie4 ,,plate ,,lxxviii4 ,,palace ,,( ,,ju/ice1 ,,at ,,r\54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #gh4 ,,palace ,,( ,,ju/ice1 ,,at ,,r\54 ,! build+ "h figur$ 01 f its f\ndation1 devot$ to ! purpose ( ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice2 &1 not)/&+ ! _m mutilations to :i* x has at diff]5t times be5 expos$1 x /ill rema9s an int]e/+1 &1 9 ! city ( ,r\51 almo/ a unique specim5 ( ! sumptu\s ar*itectural ta/e ( ! age 9 :i* x 0 erect$4 ,d[n to z late a p]iod z ! ye> #adii1 !re exi/$ 9 ,norm&y no /ation>y c\rt ( judicature2 b ! execution ( ! laws 0 confid$ to an ambulatory tribunal1 e/abli%$1 accord+ to ! *ronicl]s1 by ,rollo himself1 & kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,ex*equ]4 ,! sitt+s ( ?is ,norman ex*equ] 7 commonly held twice a ye>1 9 spr+ & autumn1 aft] ! mann] ( ! anci5t p>liam5ts ( ! ,fr5* k+s2 ! places ( session dep5d+ ^u ! pleasure ( ! sov]eign1 or be+ det]m9$ 9 g5]al1 l ! ,engli% ,aula ,regia1 by 8 pres5ce4 ,! inconv5i5ces att5dant ^u su* a mode ( adm9i/]+ ju/ice1 became ( c\rse ! m heavily felt1 9 proportion z ! c\ntry increas$ 9 population & civilization4 ,accord+ly1 ! /ates-g5]al ( ! prov9ce1 assembl$ 9 ! la/ ye> ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 "u ! presid5cy ( ! ,c>d9al d',amboise1 petition$ ,l\is ,,xii4 :o 0 !n ^u ! ?rone1 to appo9t 9 ! metropolis ( ! du*y a p]man5t judicature1 9 ! same mann] z _h be5 previ\sly done 9 o!rs ( ! pr9cipal cities ( ! realm4 ,! k+ 0 graci\sly pleas$ to acc$e to _! reque/2 &1 by ! words ( ! royal edict1 n only 0 ! ex*equ] r5d]$ p]man5t 9 ! good city ( ,r\51 b p]mission 0 also grant$ to ! memb]s to hold _! sitt+s 9 ! great hall ( ! ca/le1 till su* "t z a suitable place %\ld be prep>$ = _! reception4 ,x 0 on ?is occasion t ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice 0 built2 a piece ( gr\nd 0 select$ = ! purpose1 t _h be5 kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,jews' ,close1 f ! "t :5 ,philip-,augu/us expell$ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel f ,france2 & ! f\ndations ( ! new /ructure 7 laid )9 a few mon?s aft] ! obta9+ ( ! royal sanction4 ,! progress1 h[ev]1 ( ! "w1 0 n comm5surate1 9 po9t ( rapidity1 ) ! ha/e ) :i* x 0 und]tak52 ev5 9 #aejf ! labors 7 n br\ght to a conclusion1 ?\gh1 9 t ye>1 ! ex*equ] 0 in/all$ by ! k+ 9 p]son1 ) great pomp1 9 ! new palace4 ,! sitt+ w long be memorable 9 ! ,norman annals1 n only z be+ ! fir/1 b z hav+ be5 select$ by ! sov]eign1 z an opportunity = be/[+ v>i\s important favors ^u ! city & du*y4 ,! palace1 9 its pres5t /ate1 is compos$ ( ?ree di/9ct build+s1 erect$ at diff]5t times1 & =m+ collectively ?ree sides ( a p>allelogram1 ^: f\r? side is m]ely a wall4 ,! c\rt ?us enclos$ is spaci\s4 ,"o ( ^! build+s1 ! front 9 ! plate1 goes by ! "n ( ! ,salle des ,procureurs4 ,its erection 0 six ye>s ant]ior to t ( ! "r-h& build+1 m prop]ly call$ ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice2 & ! object 9 rais+ x 01 accord+ to ! edict ( ! bailiff ^u ! occasion1 to s]ve z an ex*ange to ! m]*ants1 & put a /op to ! impi\s practice ( assembl+1 ev5 ^u fea/-days1 9 ! ca!dral1 = purposes ( bus9ess4 ,at a subsequ5t "t1 ?is hall 0 add$ to ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice1 & !re 0 !n built to x a *apel1 n[ de/roy$1 9 :i* mass 0 regul>ly celebrat$ twice a ye>1--^u ! anniv]s>y ( ! fea/ ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ! day ( ! meet+ ( p>liam5t1 & ^u ,asc5sion-,day4 ,! s]vice on ! fir/ ( ^! days1 w5t by ! "n ( la messe r\ge1 because ! memb]s always att5d$ 9 _! sc>let robes3 on ! second1 & m important occasion1 x 0 call$ la messe de la fi]te1 be+ p]=m$ 9 commemoration ( ! deliv]ance ( ! prison]1 by virtue ( ! privilege ( ,/4 ,roma94#agg--,! ext]ior ( ! ,salle des ,procureurs is comp>atively simple3 ! mo/ highly decorat$ "p ( x is ! gable1 :i* is flank$ by two octangul> turrets1 ornam5t$ ) crocket$ p9nacles & fly+ buttresses4 ,)91 x consi/s ( a noble hall1 "o hundr$ & sixty ,fr5* feet 9 l5g?1 & fifty 9 wid?1 ) a cov$ ro( ( timb]1 pla9 & bold1 & de/itute ei!r ( ! op5 tie-beams & ar*es1 or ! knot-"w & cross-timb] t usually adorn ! old ,engli% ro(s4 ,bel[ ! hall is a prison4 ,! s\!rn build+1 erect$ exclusively = ! sitt+s ( ! ex*equ]1 is f> m sumptu\s 9 its decorations1 bo? )\t & )94 ,! luc>ne w9d[s may ev5 vie ) ^? 9 ! h\se 9 ! ,place de la ,pucelle4#agh ,^? bel[ !m f9d almo/ exact c\nt]p>ts 9 ! *teau at ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri1 also figur$ 9 ?is "w4#agi ,to use ! language ( ! ,fr5* critics1 ?is front1 :i* is m ?an two hundr$ feet 9 wid?1 e/ decore de t\t ce que l'ar*itecture de ce temps-l prs5te de plus dlicat et de plus ri*e4 ,! oriel or t[] ( enri*$ workman%ip1 :i*1 by project+ into ! c\rt1 breaks ! uni=mity ( ! elevation1 is p]haps ! "p t m ?an any o!r m]its su* encomium4 ,b x is only half ! front t has be5 all[$ to cont9ue 9 its orig9al /ate3 ! o!r half has be5 degrad$ by alt]ations1 or /ripp$ ( its ornam5ts4--,! room 9 :i* ! p>liam5t =m]ly met1 & :i* is n[ employ$ = ! trial ( crim9al causes1 /ill rema9s comp>atively un9jur$4 ,its ceil+ ( oak1 ne>ly z black z ebony1 divid$ into num]\s comp>tm5ts1 & cov]$ ) a pr(usion ( c>v+ & ( gilt ornam5ts1 n only af=ds a gorge\s example ( ! ta/e ( ! "t1 b imm$iately /rikes ! /rang] z well suit$ to ! dignity ( ! purpose to :i* ! ap>tm5t 0 appropriat$4 ,b ! op5-"w bosses ( ?is ceil+ are gone1 z are ! doors enri*$ ) sculpture1 & ! anci5t *imney1 & ! escut*eons *>g$ ) sacr$ devices1 & ! great pa9t+1 by :i*1 be=e ! revolution1 witnesses 7 made to swe>4#ahj ,! build+ t fronts ! ,salle des ,procureurs1 & =ms ! ?ird side ( ! c\rt1 0 n erect$ till aft] ! ye> #agjj4 ,its front is an imitation ( ! ,ionic ord]1 a /yle :i* h>monizes s ill ) ! re/ ( ! quadrangle1 z to produce an unfavorable effect ,an accid5t :i* happ5$ to ! wood-"w ( ! upp] "p ( ?is front1 on ! #a/ ( ,april1 #ahab1 un=tunately involv$ ! de/ruction ( a pa9t+ held 9 ! highe/ e/imation2 ! repres5tation ( ,jupit] hurl+ 8 ?und]bolts at ,vice1 execut$ by ,j\v5et1 ^u ! ceil+ ( an ap>tm5t call$ la seconde ,*ambre des ,enqutes4 ,j\v5et1 :o commonly passes "u ! "n ( ! ,mi*elagnolo ( ,france1 0 born at ,r\51 9 #affd2 &1 9 conjunction ) ,font5elle & ! great ,corneille1 =ms ! triumvirate1 ( :i* ! city has mo/ reason to feel pr\d4 ,! pa9t+ 9 ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice 0 reg>d$ z "o ( ! happie/ ef=ts ( 8 p5cil1 & 0 n ! less rem>kable = hav+ be5 execut$ ) 8 left h&1 aft] a p>alytic /roke _h depriv$ him ( ! use ( ! o!r4 ,,notes3 #agg ,see p4 #ea4 #agh ,see plate #fd4 #agi ,plate #fc4 #ahj ,^u ?is subject ,mr4 ,turn] is 9 error3 x appe>s1 f 8 ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #aic1 t he 0 in=m$ t ! pa9t+1 n[ actually ov] ! judges' b5*1 is ! same by :i* x 0 orig9ally cu/om>y to take ! oa?2 b ,m4 ,jolimont1 :o is1 unque/ionably1 bett] au?ority1 /ates ! contr>y 9 ! foll[+ note3--,le tableau1 sur lequel on faisait jur] les tmo9s1 et qui avait prs de d\ze pi$s d'lvation1 consi/ait en trois portions ou b&es horizontales runies dans un gr& cadre sculpt la manire du temps4 ,la premire1 et la plus leve1 prs5tait quatre cussons aux armes de ,france1 p>sems de fleurs de lis d'or2 celle du milieu (frait1 s\s c9q arcades en ogives avec fleurons1 un ,*ri/ entre la ,vi]ge et sa9t ,jean1 et les quatre ,evangeli/es2 au-dess\s1 un ,moyse1 et les tables de la loi3 il exi/ait encore au mom5t de la rvolution2 on l'a remplac1 au mois de janvi] #ahaf1 p> un autre1 d'environ quatre pi$s de hauteur1 donn 7dit l'inscription mod]ne mise au bas7 p> ,l\is ,,xii l',e*iqui]1 lorsqu'il l'tablit au palais4 ,ce second tableau1 recueilli p5dant la rvolution p> les so9s de ,m4 ,g\el1 graveur1 et dont il a bi5 v\lu faire hommage la ,c\r royale 7voir1 ce sujet1 le ,j\rnal de ,r\51 du #cj janvi] #ahaf71 e/ compos de deux p>ties3 l'une r5f]me un ,*ri/ entre sa9t ,jean et la ,vi]ge2 l'autre1 en =me de c\ronnem5t1 prs5te deux figures mi-corps1 avec des lg5des2 mais ces deux p>ties htrognes ne sont que deux fragm5s aju/s ensemble4 ,le premi]1 qui reprs5te le ,*ri/1 e/ videmm5t la portion qui remplissait une des c9q arcades du gr& tableau dont n\s v5ons de p>l]1 et l'autre e/ une p>tie seulem5t du tableau donn p> ,l\is ,,xii1 et qui orna1 p5dant plus de deux sicles1 le manteau de la belle *em9e de la *ambre du ,conseil que n\s citons ci-aprs4 ,les deux figures1 auj\rd'hui mutiles1 tai5t en pi$1 et reprs5tai5t le ,roi ,l\is ,,xii et le ,c>d9al d',amboise1 avec ces mots crits sur des b&elettes1 que les deux p]sonnages sembl5t s'adress]3 ,pontifices1 agite3 ,magi/rats1 agissez2--et vos ,reges1 dicite ju/a3 et v\s ,rois1 soyez ju/es4 ,ces fragm5s de deux tableaux diffr5s1 runis1 avec assez d'art1 et qui p>aiss5t tre seuls *apps la de/ruction1 sont encore =t curieux1 et l'on doit savoir gr ,m4 ,g\el de leur cons]vation1 et de la gnrosit avec laquelle il les a r5dus leur de/9ation primitive4 ,,plate ,,lxxix4 ,,s\? ,,por* ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*1 ,,at ,,l\vi]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #gi4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,l\vi]s4 ,s\? ,por*4 ,l\vi]s is "o ( ! mo/ consid]able ( ! num]\s manufactur+ t[ns :i* surr\nd ,r\5 9 e direction1 dep5d+ altoge!r = _! prosp]ity ^u ! /ate ( comm]ce 9 ! prov9cial capital4 ,its population consi/s ( ab\t sev5 ?\s& inhabitants4 ,its position is beautiful1 9 a small isl& =m$ by ! ,eure1 :i* divides1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! t[n1 into two /reams1 fl[+ ?r\gh a valley ( ! mo/ luxuriant f]tility1 enclos$ by hills cov]$ = ! great] "p ) ext5sive =e/s4 ,! "n ( ,l\vi]s1 9 ,lat9 ,locov]is1 occurs ^u m ?an "o occasion1 9 ! e>ly ,norman *ronicles2 & ! t[n1 ?\gh nev] =tifi$1 has obta9$ a consid]able degree ( hi/orical celebrity4 ,:5 ,ri*>d ,coeur-de-,lion1 escap$ f 8 captivity 9 ! ea/1 ha/5$ to puni% ! p]fidy ) :i* he _h be5 on all sides assail$ dur+ 8 abs5ce1 & ,norm&y became ! !atre ( a mo/ bloody w>f>e1 ,l\vi]s _h ! honor ( be+ select$ z ! place 9 :i* ^! diff]5ces 7 compos$4 ,! treaty sign$ ^u ?is occasion1 9 #aaie1 prescrib$ new b\nds to ! du*y2 & ! old hi/orians1 :o always delight 9 consecrat+ ! recital ( any memorable ev5t by a mixture ( ! m>vell\s1 tell h[1 at ! mom5t :5 ! k+s 7 engag$ 9 ! conf]5ce :i* l$ to ?is treaty1 a s]p5t ( enorm\s size d>t$ f ! foot ( ! tree b5ea? :i* !y 7 /&+1 & approa*$ !m ) m>ks ( great fury1 hiss+ viol5tly at bo?1 z if 9 ! act to attack !m4 ,! mon>*s1 :o 7 alone1 in/antly laid _! h&s ^u _! swords2 & ! armies1 :o /ood at a %ort di/ance on ei!r side arrang$ 9 battle array1 al>m$ at su* ho/ile demon/rations1 _h well nigh jo9$ 9 a fre% combat4--,only ! foll[+ ye>1 ,l\vi]s 0 "o ( ! t[ns c$$ by ,ri*>d to ,walt]1 ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 by way ( comp5sation = ! infr+em5t ( ! rights ( ! see1 ( :i* he _h be5 guilty 9 ! erection ( ,*teau ,gaill>d4 ,! possession ( ,l\vi]s 0 peculi>ly acceptable to ! prelate1 z be+ 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! village ( ,p9t]ville1 :]e ! ar*bi%ops ( ,r\5 !n _h _! c\ntry seat3 !y cont9u$ to occupy ! same till ! reign ( ,/4 ,l\is1 :5 t mon>* conf]r$ ^u !m ! ca/le ( ,gaillon1 :i* !y held till ! revolution4 ,l\vi]s 0 tak5 9 #acde1 by ! ,engli% army "u ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii4 !n on 8 m>* = ,p>is1 aft] ! battle ( ,ca52 & ,froiss>t1 9 relat+ ! circum/ance1 takes occasion to m5tion ! importance ( ! place1 /at+ t ! t[n 0 !n a great "o1 & ! *ief t[n ( all ,norm&y = drap]y & ri*es1 & full ( m]*&ize4 ,b1 n be+ clos$1 ! ho/ile army soon ent]$ x4 ,he goes on to add1 n mu* to ! cr$it ( ! invad+ ho/1 t !y ov]ran1 & spoil$ & robb$ )\t m]cy2 & t !y won !re great ri*es4--,9 #acfj1 ,l\vi]s 0 once m *os5 z ! spot :]e peace 0 sign$3 ! treaty t _h be5 conclud$ at ,bretigny1 0 confirm$ at ,p>is by ! ,reg5t1 & 0 f9ally ratifi$ by ! ,black ,pr9ce 9 ?is t[n4--,dur+ ! subsequ5t w>s1 "u ,h5ry ,v4 & ,,vi4 ,l\vi]s is repeat$ly m5tion$2 b pr9cipally = oppos+ a resi/ance ( tw5ty-six days to ! ,engli% 9 #adah4--;,9 ! "t ( ! league1 x di/+ui%$ itself mo/ un=tunately by its devot$ atta*m5t to ! ,ca?olic cause2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 x 0 pillag$ by ! royali/s %ortly aft] ! battle ( ,ivry4#aha ,! *ur* ( ,l\vi]s is an impos+ /ructure3 ?\gh mat]ially injur$1 & r$uc$ to no m ?an a nave ) its f\r aisles1 x is /ill a spaci\s & h&some build+4 ,! great we/]n door is clos$1 & ! front defac$3 ! ea/]n end is likewise altoge!r mod]n4 ,! c5tral t[] is h&some1 ?\gh squ>e & %ort4 ,two w9d[s1 v simil> to ^? ( ! t[] ( ,/4 ,roma91 9 ,r\5 ca!dral1 light x on ei!r side2 & sa9ts1 plac$ "u canopies1 ornam5t ! angles beh9d ! buttresses4 ,a second t[]1 to ! we/1 is surm\nt$ ) a truncat$ cone4 ,! s\? por*1#ahb "h figur$1 is ! great feature ( ! ext]ior2 &1 = beauty & elegance 9 ! =mation or disposition ( its p>ts1 x may safely be put 9 competition ) any simil> portion ( an ecclesia/ical build+1 ei!r 9 ,norm&y or 9 ,engl&4 ,yet1 ev5 "h1 ! sa9ts h be5 torn f _! p$e/als by ! wanton viol5ce ( ,calv9i/s or ( democrats4 ,int]nally1 ! *ur* is a f9e specim5 ( ! po9t$ ar*itecture ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2#ahc b1 to use ! words ( ,mr4 ,turn]1 f ^: ,t\r#ahd a great "p ( ! prec$+ description has be5 borr[$1 ! :ole is s conceal$ & degrad$ by ornam5ts 9 ! wor/ ( ta/e1 & by pa9t$ sa9ts 9 ! mo/ tawdry dresses1 t ! effect is disgu/+4 ,9 ! w9d[s ( ! *ur* !re /ill rema9s a consid]able quantity ( pa9t$ glass2 & a bas-relief on ! "r ( ! *oir is well des]v+ ( att5tion4 ,x is plac$ "u a ni*e1 :i* 9 all probability 0 orig9ally fill$ ) a /atue ( ,/4 ,hub]t2 z ! sculpture p\rtrays a well-kn[n leg5d1 record$ 9 8 hi/ory--! miracul\s /ag ) a cross betwe5 8 antl]s1 se5 by ! hunt]-knight4--,! foliage at ! base ( ! ni*e is execut$ ) p>ticul> elegance & skill4 ,9 ! t[n ( ,l\vi]s is an old h\se1 said to h belong$ to ! ,knights ,templ>s4 ,its gable1 pi]c$ ) num]\s w9d[s1 g5]ally 9 ! =m ( flatly po9t$ ar*es1 ea* ( !m conta9+ a c\ple ( ar*es ) trefoil-heads1 has giv5 curr5cy to ! tale ( its orig9al de/9ation4 ,x 0 figur$ "s "t s9ce by ,m4 ,langlois1 9 a "w comm5c$ to illu/rate ! ,antiquities ( ,norm&y1 b ( :i* ! fir/ numb] only appe>$2 & x has rec5tly be5 li?ographiz$ by ,m4 ,nodi]4 ,b1 f ! /yle ( its ar*itecture1 x does n appe> to h be5 erect$ ant]ior to ! f\rte5? c5tury1 h[ev] confid5tly x is ref]r$ by ,m4 ,langlois to ! twelf? or ?irte5?4 ,,notes3 #aha ,sully1 9 8 ,memoirs1 ,i4 p4 #bed1 7,engli% translation7 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( its capture3--,! ,k+ succe$$ bett] at ,l\vi]s3 ?is t[n kept a prie/ 9 its pay2 :o1 f ! top ( a belfry1 :i* he nev] left1 play$ ! "p ( a spy ) great exactness4 ,if he saw b a s+le p]son 9 ! field1 he rung a c]ta9 bell1 & hung out at ! same side a great flag4 ,we did n despair ( be+ able to corrupt 8 fidelity1 :i* two hundr$ cr[ns1 & a promise ( a b5efice wor? ?ree ?\s& livres a ye>1 effect$4 ,!re rema9$ only to ga9 "s ( ! g>rison2 ! ,sieur du ,rollet took ?is ^u himself1 & succe$$4 ,he address$ himself to a corporal & two soldi]s1 :o easily prevail$ ^u ! re/ ( ! g>rison to tru/ ! gu>d ( "o ( ! gates to !m only4 ,e ?+ be+ ?us arrang$1 ! ,k+ pres5t$ himself be=e ,l\vi]s1 at twelve o'clock 9 ! night4 ,no "o rung ! bell1 nor 0 !re ! lea/ motion 9 ! g>rison4 ,du ,rollet ent]$1 & op5$ ! gate1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,k+ pass$1 )\t ! smalle/ resi/ance1 into ! c5tre ( ! t[n4 ,fonta9e ,m>tel made "s ineffectual ef=ts to draw ! g>rison toge!r3 z = ! citiz5s1 !y 7 employ$ 9 conceal+ _! wives & daught]s4 ,! t[n1 ^: *ief ri*es consi/$ 9 its magaz9es ( l95 & lea!r1 0 :olly pillag$3 ,i _h a g5tleman ) me1 call$ ,beaugr>d1 a native ( ,l\vi]s1 :o 0 ( great use to u 9 discov]+ :]e ^! sort ( goods 7 conceal$1 & a prodigi\s quantity ( !m 0 amass$ toge!r4 ,! produce ( my %>e am\nt$ to ?ree ?\s& livres4 ,! ,k+ consign$ to ,du ,rollet ! gov]nm5t ( ,l\vi]s4 #ahb ,mr4 ,cotman v mu* regrets t x 0 n 9 8 p[] to d ?is por* ! ju/ice x des]v$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! cont9ual int]ruptions to :i* he 0 expos$ f ! l[] class ( ! inhabitants4 #ahc ,m4 ,nodi]1 9 8 ,voyages ,pittoresques et ,romantiques1 has figur$ ! int]ior ( ?is *ur*1 ! erection ( :i* he ref]s 7p4 #ah7 to ! "t ( ! fir/ crusades2 b a comp>ison ( ! build+ ) o!rs ( t ra1 w\ld sc>cely w>rant su* a conclusion4 #ahd ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #bhg4 ,,plate ,,lxxx4 ,,& ,,lxxxi4 ,,*,,teau ,,gaill>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #hj4 ,,*,,teau ,,gaill>d4 ,nor? ,ea/ ,view4 ,on ! build+ ( ,*teau ,gaill>d1 ! foll[+ acc\nt is giv5 by ,masseville1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,norm&y3#ahe--;,9 ! ye> #aaif1 a few mon?s aft] ! treaty ( ,l\vi]s _h be5 conclud$ betwe5 ,philip-,augu/us & ,ri*>d ,coeur-de-,lion1 ! ,norman ,duke1 consid]+ h[ frequ5tly inroads _h be5 made into 8 t]ritories1 by ! way ( ,&elys1 resolv$ to /r5g!n himself by means ( a =midable b>ri] 9 t qu>t]4 ,) ?is view1 he built a =tress ^u an isl& 9 ! ,se9e1 opposite ! village ( ,less] ,&elys2 &1 at ! same "t1 erect$ ^u ! br[ ( ! rock t ov]hung ! riv]1 a ca/le ( ! greate/ possible /r5g?1 )\t1 h[ev]1 reflect+ h[ f> ^! works 7 likely to affect ! rights1 or to dim9i% ! rev5ues1 ( ! see ( ,r\51 to :om ! gr\nd belong$4 ,b ,walt]1 :o !n wore ! ar*iepiscopal mitre1 0 by no means ( a "* pati5tly to submit to an invasion ( 8 privileges4 ,he compla9$ l\dly dur+ ! progress ( ! works1 m5ac$ ! artific]s1 & ev5 ! pr9ce himself1 ) ! v5geance ( ! *ur*2 &1 f9ally1 f9d+ 8 ?reats & 8 remon/rances equally disreg>d$1 _h rec\rse to ! bold measure ( lay+ ! :ole ( ,norm&y "u a spiritual int]dict4 ,! k+1 al>m$ at s decisive a /ep1 appeal$ to ! papal see1 & s5t ! bi%ops ( ,durham & ( ,lisieux1 z 8 ambassadors to ,rome4 ,! ar*bi%op also repair$ ?i!r to plead 8 own cause2 & ! affair 0 f9ally compromis$ by an ex*ange1 9 virtue ( :i*1 ! ca/les 7 all[$ to /&1 & ! secul> seigniory ( ,&elys 0 c$$ to ! duke1 :o1 9 return = ?is acquisition1 & to obta9 8 reconciliation to ! *ur*1 gave up to ! primate ! t[ns & lord%ips ( ,dieppe & ,l\vi]s1 ! l& & =e/ ( ,alih]mont1 ! l& & lord%ip ( ,b\teilles1 & ! mills ( ,r\54--,! contract 0 consid]$ ( s mu* importance1 t ! ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 toge!r ) sev]al o!r ,engli% prelates1 z well z almo/ all ^? ( ,norm&y1 & _m ( ! pr9cipal abbots & noblem5 ( ! prov9ce1 7 summon$ to sanction ! execution ( x by _! pres5ce4 ,su* 7 ! b5efits x 0 suppos$ to be/[ ^u ! *ur*1 t x has pass$ 9 ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 "u ! significant appellation ( ! celebris p]mutatio4 ,b ! k+ also congratulat$ himself1 & n )\t reason1 ^u hav+ oppos$ an impregnable b>ri] to ! inroads ( 8 m p[]ful1 & sc>cely less active1 neighbor4 ,he delight$ 9 ,*teau ,gaill>d1 ! v "n ( :i* is said to h _h its orig9 9 pr\d mock]y & defiance2 & he himself1 9 8 public acts1 designat$ x 8 beautiful ca/le ( ! rock4 ,_m ( 8 *>t]s be> date f ?is =tress2 s t1 ?\gh only begun ?ree ye>s be=e ! dea? ( ! mon>*1 x is pla9 t x 0 already habitable 9 8 life-"t4 ,x may likewise safely be inf]r$1 t x 0 !n q f9i%$2 = 8 da/>dly successor1 engag$ ei!r 9 di/ant w>s1 or 9 intrigues at home1 f ! mom5t ( 8 m\nt+ ! ?rone1 _h be/[$ no ?\ght ^u ! /r5g!n+ ( 8 h]$it>y cont95tal dom9ions1 till he f\nd himself1 9 ! ye> #abjb1 attack$ by ,philip-,augu/us at ! head ( an ov]:elm+ army1 :ile 8 own subjects 7 b little dispos$ to assi/ a pr9ce1 ^: h&s 7 reek+ ) 8 nephew's blood4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t ,*teau ,gaill>d support$ ! siege :i* w r5d] its "n = ev] memorable 9 hi/ory4 ,long1 & curi\s1 & int]e/+ details ( ! occurr5ces connect$ ) ! capture ( ! ca/le1 are giv5 by ,fa!r ,daniel3 ,du ,m\l9 also briefly enum]ates a few ( ! _m /ratagems to :i* ! ,fr5* k+ 0 oblig$ to h rec\rse4 ,b ^? :o delight 9 n>ratives ( ?is k9d1 or :o desire to obta9 full in=mation relative to ! attacks & def5ce1 comb9$ ) a lively picture ( ! /r5g? ( ! =tress1 mu/ be ref]r$ to ,brito1 ! poetical *ronicl] ( ! exploits ( ,philip-,augu/us4 ,! :ole ( ! sev5? book ( ! ,philippiad ( t au?or1 conta9+ no few] ?an eight hundr$ & =ty-"o l9es1 are devot$ to ?is s+le subject2 s ev5tful 0 ! hi/ory ( ! siege1 & s great ! importance atta*$ to ! capture ( ! place4 ,! fall ( ,*teau ,gaill>d 0 almo/ imm$iately foll[$ by ! total subv]sion ( ! p[] ( ! ,norman ,dukes2 b1 z to ! =tress itself1 ?\gh its situation 0 no long] su* z to give x importance1 ,brito expressly /ates1 t ,philip be/[$ great pa9s ^u ! re/or+ ( its damag$ works1 & ^u augm5t+ its /r5g? by ! addition ( new ones3-- ,rex ita ,gaill>do p] prlia multa potitus1 ,cuncta redificat vel ab ipso diruta1 vel qu ,improbus appositis de/rux]at ignibus ho/is1 ,9 triplo melis et =tis ints et extr1 ,antea qum fu]9t muros et ct]a firmans4 ,=tunately = ,france1 ! subsequ5t /ate ( ! k+dom r5d]$ precautions ( ?is description unnecess>y2 ,*teau ,gaill>d appe>s no m 9 hi/ory z a =midable =tress1 except ^u ! occasion ( ! occupation ( ! ,gallic ?rone by ,h5ry ,v4 & ( ! expulsion ( 8 successor4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! ca/le did n surr5d] to ! ,engli% army1 till aft] a vigor\s resi/ance ( sixte5 mon?s2#ahf & ev5 !n its g>rison1 ?\gh compos$ ( only "o hundr$ & tw5ty m51 w\ld n h yield$1 _h n ! ropes ( _! wat]-buckets be5 worn out & de/roy$3 9 ! latt] in/ance1 x 0 "o ( ! la/ ( ! /rong holds ( ,norm&y t held out = ! successors ( its anci5t dukes2 & ! siege ( six weeks1 su/a9$ by a dispirit$ army1 0 sc>cely less honorable to its def5d]s1 ?an ! f> long] resi/ance oppos$ on =m] occasions4 ,ev5 aft] ! f9al re-union ( ! du*y1 ,*teau ,gaill>d 0 nei!r purposely de/roy$1 nor suff]$ to fall ?r\gh neglect into decay1 l ! great] numb] ( ! ,norman =tresses4 ,dur+ ! religi\s w>s1 x /ill cont9u$ to be a milit>y po/1 z well z a royal palace2 & x 0 honor$ ) ! resid5ce ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ^: fa!r1 ,an?ony ( ,b\rbon1 di$ "h 9 #aefb4 ,its importance ceas$ 9 ! foll[+ reign4 ,! inhabitants ( ! adjac5t c\ntry petition$ ! ,k+ to give ord]s t ! ca/le %\ld be dismantl$4 ,!y dread$1 le/ its t[]s %\ld s]ve z an asylum to "s ( ! num]\s b&s ( m>aud]s1 by :om ,france 0 !n infe/$4 ,x 0 consequ5tly und]m9$1 & r$uc$ to its pres5t /ate ( ru94 ,if ! "n ( ?is ca/le is to be f\nd at o!r times1 9 ! hi/orian's ample page1 x is only 9 ! comp>atively unimportant "* ( a place ( safe conf9em5t = /ate prison]s1 or1 on "o occasion1 z a tempor>y resid5ce = a fugitive mon>*4 ,9 ! latt] capacity1 x op5$ its gates to ,david ,bruce1 9 #acca1 :5 ! ,scotti% pr9ce1 receiv$ by ,philip de ,valois1 ) all ! hon\rs due to an exil$ sov]eign1 _h ?is palace assign$ him z a regal resid5ce1 & 0 p]mitt$ to ma9ta9 "h1 = a :ile1 ! pageantry ( a c\rt4 ,z a prison1 ,*teau ,gaill>d 0 frequ5tly employ$3 x 0 9 p>ticul> di/+ui%$ ) an un5viable pref]5ce 9 "o ( ! mo/ disgraceful ras ( ! hi/ory ( ,france4 ,m>g>et ( ,burgundy1 ! ,que5 ( ,l\is ,x4 & ,blan*e1 ! consort ( 8 bro!r1 ,*>les le ,bel1 7 bo? ( !m conf9$ "h1 aft] hav+ be5 tri$ & convict$ ( adult]y2 toge!r ) ,jane1 ano!r pr9cess ( ! h\se ( ,burgundy1 ! wife to ,philip1 bro!r to ,l\is & ,*>les4 ,m>g>et 0 %ortly aft] murd]$ 9 ?is ca/le2 :5 ,l\is1 int5t ^u a fre% m>riage ) ! pr9cess ,clem5tia ( ,hung>y1 f\nd an ob/acle to 8 wi%es 9 ! protract$ exi/5ce ( 8 =m] que54 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ha4 ,,*,,teau ,,gaill>d4 ,s\? ,we/ ,view4 ,( ! ext5t1 ! magnific5ce1 ! comm&+ situation1 or ! impos+ appe>ance ( ,*teau ,gaill>d1 x is almo/ equally difficult to convey an adequate idea by ! p5cil or by ! p54 ,! fai?ful eye c alone give satisfaction ^u su* subjects4 ,mr4 ,turn]'s acc\nt ( ! pres5t /ate ( ! ru91 has ! m]it ( be+ ! mo/ copi\s t has yet appe>$2 & ! foll[+ extract f x %all !re=e conclude ?is article3--,our expectations respect+ ,*teau ,gaill>d 7 m ?an answ]$4 ,consid]$ z to its dim5sions & its situation1 x is by f> ! f9e/ ca/ellat$ ru9 ,i ev] saw4 ,conway1 inde$1 has m beauty2 b ,*teau ,gaill>d is inf9itely sup]ior 9 dignity4 ,its ru9s cr[n ! summit ( a l(ty rock1 abruptly ris+ f ! v edge ( ! ,se9e1 ^: s9u\s c\rse "h %apes ! adjo9+ l& into a n>r[ p59sula4 ,! *alky cliffs on ea* side ( ! ca/le are brok5 into hills ( romantic =m1 :i* add to ! impressive wildness ( ! sc5e4 ,t[>ds ! riv]1 ! /eepness ( ! cliff r5d]s ! =tress unassailable3 a d\ble fosse ( great dep?1 def5d$ by a /rong wall1 orig9ally af=d$ almo/ equal protection on ! opposite side4 ,! circul> keep is ( extraord9>y /r5g?1 & 9 its con/ruction diff]s :olly f any ( our ,engli% dungeon-t[]s4 ,x may be describ$ z a cyl9d]1 plac$ ^u a truncat$ cone4 ,! massy p]p5dicul> buttresses1 :i* are rang$ r\nd ! upp] wall1 :5ce !y project consid]ably1 lose !mselves at _! bases 9 ! cone f :i* !y arise4 ,! build+1 !re=e1 appe>s to be divid$ into two /ories4 ,! wall ( ! second /ory is upw>ds ( twelve feet 9 ?ickness4 ,! base ( ! conical portion is p]haps twice z ?ick4 ,x seldom happ5s t ! milit>y build+s ( ! middle ages h su* a talus or slope1 on ! ext]ior face1 agree+ ) ! pr9ciples ( mod]n =tification2 & x is difficult to guess :y ! ar*itect ( ,*teau ,gaill>d ?\ght fit to v>y f ! e/abli%$ model ( 8 age4 ,! masonry is regul> & good4 ,! po9t$ w9d[s are evid5tly ins]tions ( a p]iod long subsequ5t to ! orig9al erection4 ,! inn] ballium is surr\nd$ by a high circul> wall1 :i* consi/s ( an un9t]rupt$ l9e ( ba/ions1 "s semi-circul> & o!rs squ>e4 ,! :ole ( ?is "p ( ! ca/le rema9s ne>ly p]fect4 ,!re are also traces ( ext5sive f\ndations 9 v>i\s directions1 & ( great out-works4 ,*teau ,gaill>d 01 9 fact1 a citadel1 support$ by num]\s small] =tresses1 all ( !m communicat+ ) ! /rong c5tral hold1 & dispos$ s z to secure e def5sible po/ 9 ! neighborhood4 ,! wall ( ! out] ballium1 :i* 0 built ( a compact :ite & grey /one1 is 9 mo/ places /&+1 ?\gh 9 ru9s4 ,! orig9al fac+ only rema9s 9 ^? p>ts :i* are too elevat$ to admit ( its be+ remov$ ) ease4--,b5ea? ! ca/le1 ! cliff is excavat$ into a s]ies ( subt]rane\s cav]ns1 n int5d$ = m]e passages or vaults1 z at ,arques & 9 mo/ o!r places1 b =m+ spaci\s crypts support$ by pill>s r\ghly hewn out ( ! liv+ rock1 & /ill reta9+ e m>k ( ! workman's *isel4 ,! keep _c be asc5d$ )\t difficulty4 ,we v5tur$ to scale x2 & we 7 fully repaid = our labor by ! prospect :i* we ga9$4 ,! ,se9e1 full ( gre5 will[y isl&s1 fl[s b5ea? ! rock 9 l>ge lazy w9d+s3 ! p59sula bel[ is flat1 f]tile1 & well wood$3 on ! opposite %ores1 ! fanta/ic *alky cliffs rise boldly1 cr[n$ ) d>k =e/s4 ,,notes3 #ahe ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #aac4 #ahf ,s says ,mon/relet2 & he has g5]ally be5 foll[$2 b1 accord+ to ,masseville1 7,hi/oire de ,norm&ie1 ,,iv4 p4 #hd7 ! ,norman ,*ronicle limits ! duration ( ! siege to only sev5 mon?s4 ,,plate ,,lxxxii4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,montivilli]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #hb4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,montivilli]s4 ,we/ ,end4 ,montivilli]s is a t[n ( ab\t f\r ?\s& inhabitants1 situat$ 9 a beautiful valley ^u a small /ream1 call$ ! ,lez>de1 ne> ! we/]n extremity ( ! ,pays de ,caux1 )9 ! di/ance ( six leagues f ,fcamp1 & two f ,havre de ,grace4 ,its =tifications1 n[ 9 ru9s1 7 erect$ ne> ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 till :i* "t x 0 altoge!r def5celess2 b ! /ate ( ,france1 j recov]$ f "o ,engli% invasion & ?reat5$ ) ano!r1 turn$ ! ?\ghts ( ! gov]nm5t t[>ds ! secur+ ( all vuln]able po9ts on ! nor!rn fronti]2 & ! trade ( ! place1 ?\gh at pres5t trifl+1 0 at t p]iod f> o!rwise4 ,! clo?s ( ,montivilli]s 7 !n consid]$ to rival ^? ( ,fl&]s2 & ! pres]vation ( ! manufacture 0 reg>d$ ( s mu* consequ5ce1 t sundry regulations respect+ x are to be f\nd 9 ! royal ord9ances4 ,! two circul> t[]s ( "o ( ! gates n[ /&+1 af=d a good specim5 ( ! milit>y ar*itecture ( ! "t4 ,montivilli]s is call$ 9 ,lat91 ,mona/]ium vill>e2 & 9 old ,fr5*1 ,mon/i] ,vieil3 ! pres5t "n ( ! t[n is obvi\sly a corruption ( ^!2 & ! same fact also d5otes t ! place d]iv$ its importance1 if n its exi/5ce1 f ! mona/]y4 ,among ! ,norman hi/orians1 ! f\ndation ( ,montivilli]s is ref]r$ to ! sev5? c5tury2 dur+ ! latt] half ( :i*1 ,/4 ,philib]t1 abbot ( ,jumieges1 built a conv5t "h = a community ( nuns4 ,! mona/]y 0 ri*ly end[$2 b no records are left ( its hi/ory previ\sly to ! incursions ( ! ,normans1 "u ^: h&s x at fir/ suff]$ ! same de/ruction z ! o!r religi\s h\ses 9 ,neu/ria1 & aft]w>ds rose1 l !m1 f its a%es1 ) increas$ spl5dor & opul5ce4 ,! imm$iate successors ( ,rollo rebuilt ! abbey1 b )\t re/or+ x to its orig9al de/9ation4 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 conf]r$ x1 ) all its dep5d5cies1 ^u ! m favor$ monks ( ,fcamp2 &1 9 ! donation1 he makes use ( ! /rong expression1 ut ex eo fac]5t quicquid vell5t1 tamquam ex proprio alodo4 ,! union ( ! two e/abli%m5ts 01 h[ev]1 b %ort liv$3 ei!r "u ! same pr9ce1 or1 z "s au?ors say1 "u 8 son ,rob]t1 ,montivilli]s once m resum$ a /ate ( indep5d5ce1 & became once m ! retreat ( holy virg9s4 ,! duke 0 mov$ to ?is /ep by ! solicitation ( 8 aunt ,beatrice1 :o retir$ hi!r1 & took ! veil1 & presid$ ov] ! si/]hood2 & ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,taur9 at ,evreux 01 on ?is occasion1 c$$ to ,fcamp1 9 ex*ange = ,montivilli]s4 ,a portion ( ! *>t] is pres]v$ 9 ! ,neu/ria ,pia2 &1 accord+ to ?is "w1 ! in/rum5t 0 subsequ5tly ratifi$ by ! signatures ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 & ( ,philip le ,bel4 ,at diff]5t times1 v>i\s papal bulls 7 issu$1 = ! purpose ( plac+ ! abbey ( ,montivilli]s "u ! especial protection ( ! holy see1 & ( grant+ x sundry privileges & immunities4 ,^! are also record$ 9 ! same publication4 ,"o ( !m1 orig9at+ 9 a dispute betwe5 ! ar*bi%op ( ,r\5 & ! abbess ( ,montivilli]s1 is b little to ! cr$it ( ei!r p>ty4 ,x repres5ts ! lady-abbess z by no means free f irregul>ities 9 ! p]=mance ( h] (fice2 x *>ges "o ( h] nuns ) dissolute life2 & x arraigns ! primate himself ( be+ ! cause1 if n ! imm$iate in/rum5t1 ( sc&al3--,siquidem1 ex p>te abbatiss fuit propositum et probatum1 qud quidam1 qui cum eodem ar*iepiscopo et suis prdecessoribus v5]ant ad mona/]ium memoratum1 turpia qudam et illicita commis]unt contra hone/atem obs]vanti regul>is1 9 sc&alum plurimorum3 volumus et m&amus1 ut1 cm ar*iepiscopus ,ro?omag5sis ad mona/]ium ipsum1 caus visitationis1 access]it1 ab +ressu clau/ri ali>umque domorum1 9 quibus habitant moniales1 familiam suam talitr /udeat co]c]e1 qud de ct]o similia non cont+ant4 ,ipse quoque ar*iepiscopus1 ejusdem mona/]ii clau/rum vel capitulum intraturus1 non nisi cum mod]at societate acc$at1 qu vit et moribus sit hone/a2 ut p] (ficium visitationis ejusdem1 non dissolutionis vel sc&ali1 s$ dificationis potis mat]ia m9i/retur4--,! in/rum5t1 :i* is ( consid]able l5g?1 goes on to accuse ! prelate ( af=d+ protection to "s refractory nuns1 & enjo9s him nev] to suff] 8 cl]gy to frequ5t ! abbey ^u any pretext1 or ^u any occasion4 ,! *ur* ( ,montivilli]s1 repres5t$ 9 ! pres5t plate1 is ! same z be=e ! revolution belong$ to ! abbey4 ,! portion to ! nor? is ! *apt]-h\se1 & is ! "w ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! great] "p ( ! re/ ( ! build+1 ?\gh alt]$ 9 "s places1 may safely be ref]r$ to ! elev5?2 at :i* "t x is ^u record1 t ,elizabe?1 :o succe$$ ,beatrice z abbess1 ne>ly1 if n altoge!r1 rebuilt ! :ole4 ,at subsequ5t p]iods1 ! *ur* und]w5t _m consid]able repairs & alt]ations4 ,a sum ( sev5 hundr$ flor9s 0 exp5d$ ^u x 9 #acgj1 ! proce$s ( a f9e impos$ ^u ! t[n1 = "s injuries done to ! nuns2 & ,t\ssa9ts ,v>r91 ar*bi%op ( ,!ssalonica1 d$icat$ ! edifice1 9 #aeac1 "u ! invocation ( ! ,holy ,virg94 ,five ye>s subsequ5tly1 ! abbess1 ,jane ,mu/el1 repair$ ! ceil+ & pa9t$ w9d[s1 & made ! /alls 9 ! *oir4#ahg--,! ext]ior ( ! ,lady-,*apel af=ds a f9e example ( e>ly po9t$ ar*itecture2 its l(ty n>r[ w9d[s are sep>at$ by sl5d] cyl9drical pill>s1 z 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 at ,ca54 ,! embattl$ ornam5t r\nd ! s\!rn door ( ! we/]n front1 is f> f commonly se5 9 su* situations4 ,9 ! int]ior ( ! nave1 ! same massive semi-circul> ar*itecture prevails z 9 ! t[]s2 b x is mix$ ) "s peculi>ities t w sc>cely be f\nd else:]e1 p>ticul>ly a flat b& 9 ! =m ( a pila/]1 enri*$ ) los5ges1 :i* is atta*$ to ! front ( "o ( ! columns1 & is cont9u$ ov] ! ro(1 & aga9 d[n ! pill> on ! opposite side4 ,mr4 ,turn] notic$ a small gall]y1 or pulpit1 ( elegant filigree /one-"w1 at ! we/ end1 ne> ! ro(2#ahh &1 ^u ! au?ority ( ! well-kn[n antiqu>y1 ,john ,c>t]1 he suppos$ x mo/ probably int5d$ to receive a b& ( s+]s on high fe/ivals4 ,b "s correspond+ erections 9 ,engl& w\ld make x seem m likely t ?is gall]y communicat$ ) ! ap>tm5ts ( ! sup]ior1 & 0 plac$ "h = ! purpose ( af=d+ h] ! means ( pay+ h] devotions 9 private1 :51 ei!r f ! wea!r1 or any o!r cause1 %e might n wi% to occupy h] ?rone 9 ! *oir4 ,mr4 ,turn] has also rem>k$ ^u ! capitals ( ! columns at ,montivilli]s1 :i* are v peculi>4 ,"s ( !m are obvi\s imitations ( ! antique patt]n1 & ( great beauty4 ,o!rs are z rude & wild z any ( ^? already figur$ 9 ?is "w1 f ! *ur*es ( ,/4 ,georges or ,g\rnay4 ,! my/]ies ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! fables & allegories ( hea!nism1 ! latt]1 z well 9 its mo/ ref9$ z its mo/ b>b>\s =ms1 occur 9 endless v>iety 9 almo/ e "p ( ! edifice4 ,"o ( ! capitals conta9s a repres5tation ( ! fabul\s ,sphynx1 ) h] tail end+ 9 a fleur-de-lys3 ^u ano!r1 is sculptur$ a figure ( ,*ri/ 9 ! act ( de/roy+ ! ,dragon1 by ?ru/+ ! end ( a crosi] into its m\?4 ,two o!rs1 figur$ 9 ! ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 exhibit a gr\p ( ,c5taurs1 & ! allegorical psy*o/asia3 ! rem>ks ( ! au?or ( t publication1 ^u ! latt] ( ^!1 %all close ! pres5t article3--,9 ?is y obs]ve an angel weigh+ ! good works ( ! deceas$ aga9/ 8 evil de$s2 &1 z ! =m] are f> exce$+ ! avoirdupois ^u :i* ,satan is to f\nd 8 claim1 he is endeavor+ mo/ unfairly to depress ! scale ) 8 two-prong$ =k4--,?is allegory is ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! monki% leg5ds4--,! sa9t1 :o 0 aw>e ( ! frauds ( ! fi5d1 resolv$ to hold ! balance himself4--,he began by ?r[+ 9 a pilgrimage to a miracul\s virg94--,! devil pull$ out an assignation ) "s fair mortal ,madonna1 :o _h ceas$ to be immaculate4--,! sa9t laid 9 ! scale ! sackclo? & a%es ( ! p5it5t ( ,l5t5-"t4--,satan answ]$ ! deposit by ! viz>d & leafy robe ( ! mask] ( ! c>nival4 ,?us did !y /ill cont9ue equally int]*ang+ ! sorr[s ( godl9ess ) ! sweets ( s92 & /ill ! sa9t 0 di/ress$ beyond comp>e1 by obs]v+ t ! scale ( ! wick$ ?+ 7wise m5 call him ! correct+ pr9ciple17 always seem$ ! heavie/4 ,almo/ did he despair ( 8 cli5t's salvation1 :5 he luckily saw eight little jetty black claws j hook+ & cl5*+ ov] ! rim ( ! gold5 bas94 ,! claws at once betray$ ! craft ( ! clov5 foot4 ,old ,nick _h put a little cunn+ "y devil "u ! balance1 :o1 foll[+ ! dictates ( 8 s5ior1 kept cl++ to ! scale1 & sway+ x d[n ) all 8 might & ma94 ,! sa9t s5t ! imp to 8 prop] place 9 a mom5t2 & in/antly ! bur!n ( transgression 0 se5 to kick ! beam4--,pa9t]s & sculptors also (t5 introduc$ ?is anci5t allegory ( ! balance ( good & evil1 9 _! repres5tations ( ! la/ judgm5t3 x 0 ev5 employ$ by ,lucas ,krana*4 ,,notes3 #ahg ,description de la ,haute ,norm&ie1 ,,ii4 p4 #ajh4 #ahh ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,i4 p4 #fi4 ,,plate ,,lxxxiii4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,sanson ,,sur ,,rille4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #hc4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,sanson ,,sur ,,rille4 ,rema9s ( capitals4 ,norm&y1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( its ext5t1 c sc>cely boa/ a loveli] /ream ?an ! ,rille4 ,orig9at+ 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! du*y1 ?is little riv] advances 9 a nor!rly direction1 roll+ its sp>kl+ wat]s 9 rapid c\rse1 ?r\gh a valley ( ! mo/ brilliant v]dure1 till !y m+le ) ! ,briti% ,*annel1 at a v %ort di/ance f ! we/ ( ! m\? ( ! ,se9e4 ,! ,rille1 9 e "p ( its curr5t1 is v>i$ by an inf9ity ( isl&s1 =m$ by ! division ( its wat]s4 ,h5ce its pr9cipal beauty1 & h5ce also consid]able b5efit = ! purpose ( manufacture2 b ! same circum/ance is fatal to ! m important objects ( comm]ce2 = x is 9 a great measure ow+ to ?is multiplicity ( *annels1 t ! riv] is navigable to only a v %ort way above ,pont ,audem]2 a di/ance sc>cely exce$+ t5 miles f its conflu5ce ) ! ocean4 ,! small village ( ,/4 ,sanson is situat$ ^u ! "r bank ( ! ,rille1 )9 a league ( its m\?4 ,its *ur*1 ! same mo/ probably z is figur$ 9 ?is plate1 is enum]at$ among ! possessions confirm$ to ! ,b5$ict9e mona/]y ( ,/4 ,m>t91 at ,tro>n1 by a bull ( ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii4 dat$ 9 ! ye> #abaj4 ,9 aft]-times1 ! pres5tation to ! liv+ 0 9 ! h&s ( ! bi%ops ( ,dol1 9 ,brittany1 :o likewise cont9u$ till ! revolution to be bo? temporal & spiritual lords ( ! p>i%1 9 "r1 z !y all$g$1 ( ! anci5t b>ony ( ,/4 ,sanson1 :i* 0 annex$ to _! see4#ahi ,o!r writ]s ass]t$1 t ! bi%ops held _! au?ority "h1 z successors to ! sup]iors ( an abbey1 f\nd$ ^u ?is spot 9 ! middle ( ! six? c5tury1 by ,*ildeb]t ,i4 9 favor ( ,/4 ,sanson1 !n bi%op ( ,dol4 ,b ! mona/]y fell dur+ ! e>lie/ incursions ( ! ,normans1 & nev] rose aga94 ,old traditions /ate x to h be5 call$ 9 ,fr5*1 ,p5tale2 & 9 ,lat91 ,mona/]ium ,p5tali5se3 a corruption1 z x is suppos$1 ( ,po5it5tiale4 ,a neighbor+ *apel1 "u ! invocation ( ,notre ,dame de ,p5tale1 gives color to ! report4 ,( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,sanson1 no?+ m is n[ left ?an is exhibit$ 9 ! plate3 ! rema9s consi/ only ( ! *ancel1 & ! ar* :i* sep>at$ x f ! nave4 ,b ev5 ^!1 inconsid]able z !y appe>1 h be5 judg$ des]v+ ( a place among ! m rem>kable ( ! ar*itectural antiquities ( ,norm&y3 ! peculi> "* ( ! capitals1 & ! small size ( ! :ole1 h entitl$ !m to ?is di/9ction4 ,^u reg>d+ ! ar*1 x is sc>cely possible b to be /ruck ) ! impression1 t1 ?\gh 9 its pres5t /ate its height is b>ely suffici5t to all[ ( a man walk+ upright ?r\gh x1 !re mu/ orig9ally h be5 an inn] memb]1 :i* has n[ disappe>$4 ,! capitals diff] mat]ially f any o!rs ev] se5 by ,mr4 ,cotman 9 ,norm&y2 b ,mr4 ,joseph ,woods1 ^: au?ority is unque/ionable1 says t simil> ones are to be f\nd 9 ! ,temple ( ,bac*us1 at ,teos4 ,!re are also sev]al1 :i* 9 %ape resemble ^! at ,/4 ,sanson1 9 ! v rem>kable *ur* ( ,/4 ,vitalis1 at ,rav5na1#aij & 9 ! cloi/]s ( ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,scola/ica1#aia at ,subiaco3 ! latt] also exhibit a c]ta9 degree ( simil>ity 9 ! sculpture4 ,,notes3 #ahi ,description de la ,haute ,norm&ie1 ,,ii4 p4 #ggg4 #aij ,s]\x d',ag9c\rt1 ,hi/oire de la ,dcad5ce de l',art4 ,ar*itecture1 t4 #bc4 f4 #g1 #h2 & t4 #fi4 f4 #ad4 #aia ,ibid4 t4 #bi4 f4 #c1 #d4 ,,plate ,,lxxxiv4 ,,we/]n ,,door-,,way ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,f\llebec4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #hd4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,f\llebec4 ,we/ ,door-way4 ,! *ur* ( ,f\llebec1 a small village situat$ ^u ! ,rille1 ne>ly opposite to ,/4 ,sanson1 is a build+ ( ,norman times2 b ! only portion ( x p>ticul>ly calculat$ to recomm5d x to att5tion1 is ! ar* figur$ 9 ?is plate4 ,?is ar* exhibits two peculi>ities1 :i* x w\ld be difficult1 if n impossible1 to p>allel 9 ,norm&y2 ! ornam5t$ %afts ( ! pill>s1 & ! extraord9>y wid? ( ! s\!rn capital1 :i* is m ?an d\ble t ( ! column bel[4 ,! same 0 also1 9 all probability1 ! case ) ! capital1 n[ de/roy$1 on ! opposite side ( ! door-way2 & z x is pla9 t !re nev] 0 a second pill>1 ei!r on ! "o side or ! o!r1 ! only satisfactory mode ( acc\nt+ = ?is s+ul>ity1 is ^u ! supposition1 t x 0 ! orig9al int5tion ( ! ar*itect to h plac$ su*1 b t circum/ances occurr$ :i* induc$ him to leave 8 design unf9i%$4--,ornam5t$ %afts ( columns1 h[ev] unfrequ5tly f\nd 9 ,norm&y1 are f> f be+ ( v uncommon occurr5ce 9 ! specim5s t are left ( g5u9e ,norman art 9 ,great-,brita94 ,mr4 ,c>t]1 9 8 elaborate "w ^u anci5t ,engli% ar*itecture1 has collect$ a v>iety ( simil> enri*m5ts 9 8 ?irty-?ird plate2 & "s ( !m extremely beautiful4 ,sev]al o!rs are to be f\nd 9 ! m spl5did volumes ( ,mr4 ,britton4--,! sculpture ^u ! ar*ivolt is also des]v+ ( obs]vation3 ^u "o ( ! c5tral /ones1 is repres5t$ ! bann]$ lamb2 ^u ! o!r1 a figure1 probably int5d$ = a repres5tation ( our ,savior ent]+ ,j]usalem ^u an ass4 ,! heads on ei!r side are ( an unusual "*4 ,! *ur* at ,f\llebec1 z well 9 its nave z *ancel1 is ext]nally divid$ by pla9 ,norman buttresses into a s]ies ( regul> comp>tm5ts1 ea* conta9+ a s+le circul>-head$ w9d[4 ,9 ! nave are f\r2 9 ! *ancel only two4 ,! t[] is squ>e & l[3 x is plac$ at ! we/ end1 :i* is only pi]c$ = ! door-way1 & is o!rwise q pla91 except a buttress at ea* corn]4 ,int]nally1 ! only object to be notic$ is an anci5t cyl9drical font2 its sides sculptur$ ) semi-circul> ar*es1 & a n>r[ m\ld+ r\nd ! rim4 ,,plate ,,lxxxv4 ,,& ,,lxxxvi4 ,,ca/le ,,at ,,tanc>ville4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #he4 ,,ca/le ,,at ,,tanc>ville4 ,m4 ,nodi]1 :o1 9 8 ,voyages ,pittoresques1 has devot$ six plates to ! illu/ration ( ! noble ru9s ( ! ca/le at ,tanc>ville1 rem>ks ) great ju/ice1 t1 magnific5t z ! build+ mu/ h be51 x is "o t recals b few hi/orical recollections4 ,at ! same "t he gives ! foll[+ quotation f ! old ,norman ,*ronicle3--,dur+ ! reign ( ,k+ ,philip le ,bel1 aft] ! knight ( ! gre5 lion _h conqu]$ ! ,k+ ( ,arragon1 a great diss5tion arose betwe5 two p[]ful b>ons 9 ,norm&y1 ! ,"l ( ,h>ec\rt & ! ,*amb]la9 ( ,tanc>ville4 ,! cause ( _! /rife 0 a mill1 ( :i* ! ,dw>f ( ,h>ec\rt1 assi/$ by =ty ( 8 p 9 arms1 _h tak5 =cible possession1 mi/reat+ ! vassals ( ! ,*amb]la94 ,! latt]1 inc5s$ at ! outrage1 summon$ 8 fri5ds & att5dants2 &1 hav+ collect$ !m to ! numb] ( two hundr$1 m>*$ ^u ,lillebonne1 :]e ! ,"l ( ,h>ec\rt & ! ,dw>f1 8 bro!r1 7 at t "t resid+4 ,_m & bitt] 7 ! reproa*es utt]$ on ei!r side2 & sev]e 0 ! conte/ t foll[$2 = ! ,"l ( ,h>ec\rt issu$ f ! b>ri]s ) all 8 =ces1 & !y def5d$ !mselves valiantly2 & sev]al lives 7 lo/4 ,! k+1 on receiv+ ! tid+s1 0 greatly discom=t$1 & bade ! ,sieur ,engu]r& de ,m>igni summon ! (f5d+ p>ties to appe> be=e him4 ,x *anc$ mo/ unt[>dly1 t !y met z !y 7 travell+ t[>ds ! c\rt2 & ! ,"l ( ,h>ec\rt attack$ ! ,*amb]la91 & ) 8 gauntlet put out 8 left eye1 & !n return$ to 8 own p4 ,no soon] 0 he ( ,tanc>ville heal$1 ?an he repair$ to ! royal pres5ce1 & defi$ ! ,"l ( ,h>ec\rt to s+le combat4 ,! pl$ge 0 accept$ by ,m4 ,*>les de ,valois1 bro!r ( ! k+1 on behalf ( 8 fri5d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,m4 ,engu]r& de ,m>igny1 privy c\nsellor ( ! mon>*1 ma9ta9$ t ,h>ec\rt _h be5 guilty ( treason4 ,?is 0 d5i$ by ,m4 ,*>les1 to :om ,engu]r& 9 consequ5ce gave ! lie2 & ! =m] took ! affront s cruelly to he>t1 t ,engu]r&1 brave man z he 01 0 aft]w>ds hang$ 9 consequ5ce ( x4 ,:5 ! conditions ( battle 7 arrang$1 ! ,"l ( ,h>ec\rt came into ! field ) 8 armor emblazon$ ) fleurs-de-lys2 & ! combatants f\ght ) ! utmo/ valor1 till ! ,k+s ( ,engl& & ( ,nav>re1 :o 7 pres5t1 bes\ght ! mon>* ( ,france to /ay ! fight2 = t x w\ld be great pity t two s valiant *iefs %\ld fall by ea* o!r's h&4 ,^u ?is1 ! k+ cri$ ',ho6' & bo? p>ties 7 satisfi$2 & peace 0 made betwe5 !m by ! =eign sov]eigns1 9 ! ye> #acjj4 ,! same circum/ance is relat$1 ?\gh ) "s trifl+ v>iations 9 ! details1 by ,masseville1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,norm&y1 a "w ( :i* almo/ e volume be>s frequ5t te/imony to ! greatness ( ! h\se ( ,tanc>ville4 ,?is family enjoy$ ! h]$it>y dignity ( *amb]la9 to ! ,norman dukes2 b at :at p]iod x 0 conf]r$ ^u !m1 is lo/ 9 ! obscurity ( e>ly hi/ory4 ,ralph de ,tanc>ville1 :o f\nd$ ! abbey ( ,/4 ,georges de ,bo*]ville1 ab\t ! ye> #ajej1aib is /yl$ 9 ! ,neu/ria ,pia1 "u ! acc\nt ( t mona/ry1 z ,tanc>di-,vill ,top>*a1 prfectus hr$it>ius cubiculo ,guillelmi secundi4 ,9 #ajff1 ! "n ( ! ,c\nt ( ,tanc>ville#aic is enum]at$ among ^? :o att5d$ ! ,conqu]or into ,engl&4 ,! *amb]la9 ( ,tanc>ville is record$ bo? by ,ord]icus ,vitalis & ,masseville1 9 ! li/ ( ,norman knights t di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 ! w>s ( ,philip-,augu/us4 ,william ( ,tanc>ville1 ! same *iefta91 probably1 or 8 imm$iate pr$ecessor1 _h previ\sly suff]$ himself to be s$uc$ by ! arts ( ,eleanor1 que5 ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 to jo9 9 ! conspiracy ( ! sons ( t mon>*1 aga9/ _! fa!r3 he subsequ5tly signaliz$ 8 valor1 :5 ! bann]s ( ! lion-he>t$ ,ri*>d 7 unfurl$ ^u ! pla9s ( ,pale/9e4 ,9 #aaig1 ,ralph ( ,tanc>ville 0 "o ( ! witnesses to ! treaty ( ex*ange1 already m ?an once m5tion$ 9 ?is "w1 made betwe5 ! sov]eign & ! ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 9 consequ5ce ( ! build+ ( ,*teau ,gaill>d2 & :51 eight ye>s aft]w>ds1 ,philip1 hav+ become undisput$ ma/] ( ,norm&y1 conciliat$ ! favor ( ! cl]gy by important concessions1 ! signature & seal ( ! *amb]la9 ( ,tanc>ville 7 atta*$ to ! in/rum5t4--,! task 7 easy1 by multiply+ quotations f ,masseville & ! e>ly *ronicl]s1 to ext5d to a great l5g? ! in/ances 9 :i* ! noblem5 ( ! h\se ( ,tanc>ville act$ a prom95t "p 9 ,norman hi/ory4 ,x w be suffici5t1 ^u ! pres5t occasion1 to adduce two circum/ances1 z indisputable pro(s ( _! importance4 ,! "n ( ,tanc>ville is f\nd among ! sev5ty-two memb]s ( ! nobility1 :o1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 7 summon$ to ! ,norman ex*equ]2 &1 9 ! same c5tury1 9 ! ye> #acbj1 aft] ,philip ,,vi4 ^u 8 accession to ! ?rone ( ,france1 _h receiv$ at ,ami5s ! homage ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 = ! duk$om ( ,aquita9e & e>ldom ( ,pon?ieu1 ! ,c\nt ( ,tanc>ville 0 select$ = ! important (fice ( ambassador to ,engl&1 9 conjunction ) ! ,duke ( ,b\rbon & ! ,e>l ( ,h>c\rt1 to obta9 f ! mon>* "s explanations t 7 consid]$ indisp5sable = ! dignity ( ! cr[n ( ,france4 ,z late z ! ye> #adea1 ! ,"l ( ,tanc>ville appe>s z "o ( ! g5]als ( ! ,fr5* =ces1 :i*1 "u ! comm& ( ! ,c\nt ( ,longueville1 f9ally succe$$ 9 expell+ ! ,engli% f ,norm&y4 ,f t "t =w>d1 ,masseville makes no m5tion ( ! family4 ,respect+ ! ca/le1 he is altoge!r sil5t1 except ^u ! occasion ( its capture by ! ,fr5* 9 #adce1 & its surr5d] to !m aga9 9 #addi4 ,x may h be5 obs]v$ 9 ! prec$+ brief enum]ation ( a few pr9cipal facts connect$ ) ! family ( ,tanc>ville1 t ! ,lords ( t h\se h1 on m ?an "o occasion1 be5 designat$ z ,c\nts3 ! au?or ( ! ,description de la ,haute ,norm&ie1 h[ev]1 expressly /ates t ?is prop]ty 0 n rais$ into an e>ldom till ! reign ( ,k+ ,john ( ,france1 :o ennobl$ x ) t dignity 9 #acea2 at :i* "t x 0 compos$ ( all ! fiefs1 ca/ellanies1 b>onies1 & o!r l&s ( e description1 9 ! du*y ( ,norm&y1 occupi$ by ,john de ,melun1 & ,jane ,crep9 8 wife4 ,f ! h\se ( ,melun1 ?is same e>ldom pass$ into t ( ,h>c\rt1 by ! union ( ,jane ( ,melun ) ,william ( ,h>c\rt--_! daught]1 :o inh]it$ ! prop]ty1 aft]w>ds c>ri$ x 9 d[] to ,john1 ,c\nt ( ,dunois & ( ,longueville4 ,9 ! ye> #aeje1 :5 ,l\is ,,xii4 add$ to ! e>ls ( ,longueville ! high] honor ( ! duk$om1 ,tanc>ville 0 compris$ among ! dep5d5cies ( ! new dignity2 & :51 %ortly aft]w>ds1 ! du*y ( ,longueville es*eat$ to ! cr[n1 ! e>ldom ( ,tanc>ville1 rema9+ unit$ to ,longueville1 %>$ ! same fate4 ,m>y ( ,orleans1 du*ess ( ,nem\rs & ,e/\teville1 hav+ become possess$ ( ,tanc>ville1 sold x 9 ,septemb]1 #agjf1 to ,an?ony ,crozat1 ! k+'s secret>y2 &1 at ! same "t1 ! mon>* conf]r$ all ! rights & privileges atta*$ to ! doma91 ^u ,l\is de la ,t\r d',auv]gne1 ,c\nt ( ,evreux4 ,twelve ye>s subsequ5tly1 ! k+1 by 8 lett]s pat5t1 sep>at$ ,tanc>ville f ,longueville1 & ord]$ t ! ,lords ( ,tanc>ville %\ld !nce=? be summon$ to ! p>liam5t at ,r\54 ,! title ( ,e>l ( ,tank]ville is at ! pres5t day to be f\nd 9 ! ,engli% pe]age4 ,x is borne by a desc5dant ( ,*>les ,b5net1 second ,"l ( ,ossul/on1 ^u :om x 0 conf]r$ by ,george ,i4 9 #agad1 aft] he _h m>ri$ ! daught] & heiress ( ,=d1 ,"l ,grey ( ,w>k1 ,e>l ( ,tank]ville4 ,"o ( ! family ( ?is ,"l ,grey1 ,sir ,john ,grey1 ,knight1 ,capta9 ( ,maunt1 9 ,norm&y1 _h orig9ally be5 rew>d$ ) ! title by ,k+ ,h5ry ,v4 = 8 em95t s]vices 9 ! ,fr5* w>s4 ,b 8 gr&son1 ,ri*>d1 ,e>l ( ,tank]ville1 0 atta9t$ 9 ! ?irty-eigh? ye> ( ! succe$+ reign2 & ! title rema9$ dormant till re-grant$ by ,k+ ,william ,,iii4 to ,=d1 ,"l ,grey1 j m5tion$1 :o 0 l9eally desc5d$ f ! bro!r ( ! fir/ e>l4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #hf4 ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,ca/le ,,at ,,tanc>ville4 ,diff]5t op9ions h prevail$ ) respect to ! orig9 ( ! "n ( ,tanc>ville4 ,ord]icus ,vitalis calls x ,tan*>di ,villa3 ,m4 de ,valois1 9 8 ,notitia ,galli1 is dispos$ to claim = x ! m impos+ appellation ( ,tancr$i ,villa4 ,! po9t w 9 all probability nev] be settl$3 x is m to be regrett$1 t no acc\nt is to be f\nd ( ! build+ ( ! ca/le1 ^: l(ty t[]s /ill fr[n 9 ! pride ( old b>onial gr&eur1 f ! summit ( a /eep cliff ^u ! "r bank ( ! ,se9e1 :i* "h1 s ne> its m\?1 r assumes ! "* ( an e/u>y ?an a riv]4 ,! wide ext5t ( ! ru9s suffici5tly bespeaks ! importance ( its =m] possessors3 at pres5t1 no?+ c be m =lorn & desolate4 ,mr4 ,dibd91 :o visit$ ! rema9s 9 #ahai1 has trac$ ! foll[+ animat$ sket* ( _! pres5t appe>ance ) 8 lively p5cil2 & ,mr4 ,lewis1 :o accompani$ him1 has enri*$ 8 spl5did ,t\r ) a lovely view ( ! build+s & surr\nd+ sc5]y3-- ,we asc5d$ to ! ca/le3 ! day grew s(t1 & bright1 & exhil>at+4444 b1 alas2 = ! *anges & *ances ( ?is transitory _w4 ,:]e 0 ! w>d]8 ,he _h ceas$ to bl[ 8 horn = _m a long ye>4 ,:]e 0 ! h>p ( ! m9/rel8 ,x _h p]i%$ two c5turies ago1 ) ! h& t _h /ruck its *ords4 ,:]e 0 ! att5dant gu>d8--or pursuivants8--or m5 at arms8 ,!y h be5 swept f human exi/5ce1 l ! leaves ( ! old limes & bee* trees1 by :i* ! l[] "p ( ! build+ 0 surr\nd$4 ,! moat 0 dry2 ! ramp>t 0 a ru93--! rank grass grew )9 ! area4444 nor c ,i tell y h[ _m va/ relics ( halls1 banquet+ rooms1 & b$ rooms1 ) all ! magnific5t appurt5ances ( old ca/ellat$ ar*itecture1 /ruck ! eag] eye ) mix$ melan*oly & surprise6 ,! s+ul> half-circul>1 & half-squ>e1 corn] t[]s1 hang+ ov] ! ev]-re/less wave1 int]e/$ u exce$+ly4 ,! guide %ew$ u :]e ! prison]s us$ to be kept--9 a dungeon1 app>5tly imp]vi\s to e glimm] ( day-light1 & e brea? ( air4 ,i _c pret5d to say at :at p]iod ev5 ! olde/ "p ( ! ca/le ( ,montmor5ci#aid 0 built3 b ,i saw no?+ t seem$ to be m anci5t ?an ! latt] end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,p]haps ! great] portion may be ( ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5?2 b1 amid/ unro($ rooms1 ,i c\ld n help admir+ ! pa9t$ bord]s1 *iefly ( a r$ color1 :i* run along ! upp] "p ( ! walls1 or wa9scots--giv+ indication n only ( a good1 b ( a spl5did1 ta/e4 ,did ,i tell y t ?is sort ( ornam5t 0 to be se5 9 "s "p ( ! ea/]n end ( ! abbey ( ,jumieges8 ,"h1 inde$1 !y af=d$ evid5ce--an evid5ce m+l$ ) melan*oly s5sations on conviction--( ! probable /ate ( magnific5ce :i* once reign$ ?r\gh\t ! ca/le4 ,betwe5 ! corn] t[]s1 ^u t "p :i* runs imm$iately p>allel ) ! ,se9e1 !re is a noble t]race1 n[ conv]t$ into g>d5 gr\nd1 :i* comm&s an imm$iate & ext5sive view ( ! emb\*ure ( ! riv]4 ,x is ! prop]ty ( a speculator resid+ at ,havre4 ,p>allel ) ?is t]race1 runs ! m mod]nis$ "p ( ! ca/le1 :i* ! la/ resid+ own] inhabit$4 ,x may h be5 built ab\t fifty ye>s ago1 & is--or r ! rema9s ( x are--q 9 ! mod]n /yle ( dome/ic ar*itecture4 ,! rooms are l>ge1 l(ty1 & commodi\s2--yet no?+ b ! %ells ( !m rema94 ,! revolution>y patriots completely gutt$ !m ( e useful & e valuable piece ( furniture2 & ev5 ! b>e walls are beg9n+ to gr[ damp1 & ?reat5 imm$iate decay4 ,i made sev]al memor&a ^u ! spot1 :i* h be5 unluckily1 & ,i fe> irretrievably1 misplac$2 s t1 ( ?is once va/1 & yet comm&+ & int]e/+ edifice1 ,i regret t ,i am compell$ to s5d y s %ort & s meagre an acc\nt4 ,f>ewell--a long & p]haps p]petual f>ewell--to ! ,ca/le ( ,montmor5ci6 ,,notes3 #aib ,accord+ to ,masseville1 7,hi/oire de ,norm&ie1 ,,ii4 p4 #aib17 ?is abbey 0 n f\nd$ till ! ye> #aaad2 b su* a /atem5t is irreconcileable ) ! fact ( ! dead body ( ! ,conqu]or hav+ be5 c>ri$ !re 9 #ajhg2 &1 moreov]1 bo? ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana & ,neu/ria ,pia expressly /ate t x 0 9 #aaad t ,william1 fif? son ( ! f\nd]1 & himself also h]$it>y *amb]la9 ( ,norm&y1 remov$ f ,/4 ,georges ! canons e/abli%$ !re by 8 fa!r1 & replac$ !m ) monks f ,/4 ,evr\l4 #aic ,s call$ by ,masseville1 ,i4 p4 #bje4 #aid ,mr4 ,dibd9 uni=mly calls ?is ca/le1 ! ,ca/le ( ,montmor5ci2 b on no occasion does he /ate 8 au?ority = s do+2 ! au?or ( ^! rem>ks nev] he>d x s /yl$ 9 ,norm&y1 nor c he f9d x m5tion$ "u t "n by ,nodi]1 or any o!r au?or4 ,if1 z appe>s probable1 ! p ( ! neighborhood are 9 ! habit ( s designat+ x1 ! probability is1 t ! mod]n "p 7see plate eighty-five7 0 erect$ at a p]iod :5 ,tanc>ville belong$ to "s memb] ( ! noble family ( ,montmor5ci4 ,,plate ,,lxxxvii4 ,,& ,,lxxxviii4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,cross1 ,,at ,,/4 ,,lo4 7,,we/]n ,,door-,,way1 ,,& ,,v>i\s ,,specim5s ,,( ,,sculpture47 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #hg4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,cross ,,at ,,/4 ,,lo4 ,we/]n ,entrance4 ,! t[n ( ,/4 ,lo is said to owe its orig9 to ! ,emp]or ,*>lemagne1 & to h be5 f\nd$ by him 9 ! fif? ye> ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,x is situat$ 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,norm&y1 ^u ! small riv]1 ,vire1 ab\t five leagues to ! ea/ ( ,c\tances2 & at ?is "t x conta9s ne>ly sev5 ?\s& inhabitants4 ,old *ronicl]s relate t ! "n orig9ally giv5 to ! place 0 ,/e ,croix2 b t1 soon aft] its f\ndation1 x ex*ang$ t appellation = ! pres5t1 ^u be+ select$ z ! spot to be honor$ ) ! reception ( ! relics ( ,/4 ,lo1 or1 z he is call$ 9 ,lat91 ,/4 ,laudus1 :o 0 ! fif? bi%op ( ,c\tances1 & presid$ ov] t see ! great] "p ( ! six? c5tury4 ,( ! m]its ( ! sa9t1 ! miracles he p]=m$ bo? liv+ & dead1 & ! v>i\s places t h1 at diff]5t times1 receiv$ 8 mortal rema9s1 a copi\s acc\nt is giv5 by ,m4 ,r\ault1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,bi%ops ( ,c\tances4 ,x is suffici5t1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 to /ate1 t1 ^u ! translation ( ! body ( ,/4 ,lo to ! spot n[ dignifi$ ) 8 "n1 a magnific5t *ur* 0 built "u 8 invocation2 & ! t[n 0 encompass$ ) =tifications ( great /r5g?1 to def5d x aga9/ ! inroads ( ! ,normans4 ,^! hea!n plund]]s _h at ?is "t j begun _! ravages 9 ,neu/ria1 :51 not)/&+ its new walls1 ,/4 ,lo 0 soon oblig$1 9 common ) ! re/ ( ! prov9ce1 to submit to _! sway2 & !y empti$ ^u ! ,*ri/ian city ! full phials ( pagan wra?1 by burn+ x to ! gr\nd4 ,9 subsequ5t1 & probably n di/ant1 times1 ,/4 ,lo 0 aga9 conv]t$ into a place ( def5ce2 & m5tion ( x z su* repeat$ly occurs 9 ! v>i\s unquiet p]iods ( ,fr5* hi/ory4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t day1 :5 =tifications 9 t "p ( ! k+dom h long be5 neglect$1 !re rema9 suffici5t ve/iges ( !m at ,/4 ,lo1 to convey ! mo/ impos+ idea ( _! orig9al /r5g?1 aid$ z !y mu/ h be51 by _! situation ^u ! summit ( a l(ty & inaccessible rock4--,/4 ,lo 0 "o ( ! la/ t[ns 9 ,l[] ,norm&y t op5$ _! gates to ! victori\s arms ( ! ,empress ,maude3 x rema9$ un%ak5 9 its allegiance till #aadb1 only two ye>s be=e ! dea? ( ! ,engli% mon>*4--,9 ! ?ird ye> ( ! foll[+ c5tury1 x surr5d]$ )\t blood%$ to ,philip-,augu/us1 !n on 8 m>* t[>ds ! capture ( ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael2 nor does x appe> to h (f]$ m ?an a trifl+ resi/ance to ,edw>d ,,iii4 by :om x 0 tak5 9 #acdf4 ,froiss>t1 ^u t occasion1 gives ! foll[+ details relative to ! ,engli% army1 z well z to ! /ate ( ! t[n & its capture3--,! ,k+ ( ,engl& & ,pr9ce ( ,wales _h1 9 _! battalion1 ab\t ?ree ?\s& m5 at arms1 six ?\s& ar*]s1 & t5 ?\s& infantry1 )\t c\nt+ ^? t 7 "u ! m>%als2 & !y m>*$ 9 ! mann] ,i h be=e m5tion$1 burn+ & de/roy+ ! c\ntry1 b )\t break+ _! l9e ( battle4 ,!y did n turn t[>ds ,c\tances1 b advanc$ to ,/4 ,lo1 9 ,c\tant91 :i*1 9 ^? days1 0 a v ri* & comm]cial t[n1 & wor? ?ree su* t[ns z ,c\tances4 ,9 ! t[n ( ,/4 ,lo 0 mu* drap]y1 & _m weal?y inhabitants2 among !m y might c\nt eight or n9e score t 7 engag$ 9 comm]ce4 ,:5 ! ,k+ ( ,engl& 0 come ne> ! t[n1 he encamp$3 he w\ld n lodge 9 x = fe> ( fire4 ,he s5t1 !re=e1 8 advanc$ gu>d =w>d1 :o soon conqu]$ x at a trifl+ loss1 & completely plund]$ x4 ,no "o c imag9e ! quantity ( ri*es !y f\nd 9 x1 nor ! numb] ( bales ( clo?4 ,if !re _h be5 any pur*as]s1 !y might h b\ght !m at a *eap rate4 ,9 #acgi1 :5 ! ,engli% arms1 dur+ ! m9ority ( ! second ,ri*>d1 obta9$ 9 ,france an ephem]al sup]iority1 ,/4 ,lo 0 ! only t[n 9 ! ,ct5t91 except ,c>5tan1 :i* ! ,fr5* mon>* consid]$ ( suffici5t /r5g? to ju/ify him 9 entru/+ x ) a g>rison4--,x 0 tak5 by ! ,engli%1 "u ,h5ry ,v4 9 #adah2 & 0 aga9 re/or$ to ! ,fr5*1 by capitulation1 ?irty-"o ye>s subsequ5tly4--,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! foll[+ tumultu\s reign1 ,/4 ,lo & ,valognes 7 appo9t$ z ! places ( resid5ce = ,cl>5ce & ,w>wick1 & ! o!r lead]s ( ! ,lanca/rian p>ty2 aft] _! %ort-liv$ success1 9 favor ( ! depos$ ,h5ry1 _h be5 foll[$ by _! own utt] defeat1 & ! f9al discomfiture ( _! hopes4 ,dur+ ! religi\s w>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,/4 ,lo 0 once m s un=tunate z to act a prom95t "p4 ,e>ly 9 ! tr\bles1 x di/+ui%$ itself by a decid$ devotion to ! cause ( ,prote/antism2 &1 ?\gh (t5 oblig$1 by ! curr5t ( affairs1 to yield a reluctant submission to ! opposite p>ty1 x cont9u$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! /ruggle1 un%ak5 9 its atta*m5t to ! ,hugu5ots4 ,h5ce1 :5 f9ally summon$ to surr5d] to ! ,ca?olics1 9 #aegd1 x r *ose to expose itself to all ! mis]ies ( a siege1 z well z to ! /ill great] "o ( be+ tak5 by assault2 & ! sev]ity ( its suff]+s is record$ by ! hi/orians ( ! conqu]+ p>ty1 :o !mselves admit1 t x 0 sack$ ) a horrible c>nage4#aie ,its ,prote/ant places ( wor%ip 7 n1 h[ev]1 f9ally ras$1 till #afhe1 ! p]iod ( ! revocation ( ! edict ( ,nantes4 ,/4 ,lo 0 ! seat ( an abbey ( ,augu/9e fri>s1 said to h be5 f\nd$ 9 ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & to h be5 ( su* celebrity1 t1 accord+ to ,qu]cetanus1 ! bi%ops ( ,c\tances 7 cont5t$ = a "t to be /yl$ bi%ops ( ,/4 ,lo4#aif,! pr9cipal *ur* 9 ! place1 t ( ,notre ,dame1 greatly resembles ! ca!dral ( ,c\tances1 ( :i* x is ev5 said to be a copy4 ,x 0 n begun to be built till ! p]iod ( ,engli% rule 9 ,norm&y1 dur+ ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! old]1 or clock-t[]1 0 erect$ 9 #adcj3 ! opposite t[] & we/]n entrance1 9 #adfd4 ,o!r p>ts ( x 7 n complet$ till ! foll[+ c5tury2 & ! nor!rn spire is a "w ( z late a p]iod z #afhe4 ,! v anci5t *ur* ( ,/e ,croix1 7! subject ( ^! plates17 0 connect$ ) ! abbey1 ( :i* little n[ rema9s4 ,!re is a tradition 9 ! t[n1 t x 0 once a temple ( ,c]es2 & su* traditions1 h[ev] uncritical or ev5 absurd1 des]ve to be notic$1 z g5]ally orig9at+ 9 a confus$ k ( ! remote date ( ! build+ to :i* !y are atta*$4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ,m4 de ,g]ville1 a portion1 at lea/1 ( ! *ur*1 belongs to ! edifice rais$ by ,*>lemagne1 9 #hje4 ,! actual erection ( su* an edifice1 & its d$ication to ! holy cross1 are facts di/9ctly /at$ 9 ! ,neu/ria ,pia3 its id5tity ) ! pres5t *ur* does n appe> to be d\bt$1 ei!r by ,du ,mon/i]1 or ! ,abb de ,billy1 ! hi/orian ( ,/4 ,lo4 ,at ! same "t1 nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r ( ^! writ]s 0 ignorant ( ! positive ass]tion 9 ! ,ge/a ,normannorum1 t1 "u ^? successful invad]s--,sancti ,laudi ca/rum1 int]fectis habitatoribus1 t]r quatum e/4 ,b1 9 opposition to ?is1 ,m4 de ,g]ville cont5ds t1 ei!r ?is /rong ass]tion is to be receiv$ ) a c]ta9 degree ( latitude1 or t1 by ! ^w ca/rum1 is to be und]/ood only ! citadel2 s t1 :ile t 0 de/roy$1 ! dome/ic & religi\s edifices 7 suff]$ to escape4 ,he ev5 ?9ks t ! p>ts ( ! build+ ascribable to ! p]iod ( ! ,c>lov+ian dyna/y1 may be di/+ui%$ by a practis$ eye1 f ! rep>ations ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,he traces !m especially 9 ! we/]n front1 9 its door-way1 7plate eighty-sev57 & 9 "s h]r+-bone masonry1 obs]vable ov] a n>r[ circul>-head$ w9d[ t[>ds ! s\?4 ,b he f\nds 8 op9ion /ill m ^u ! bas-relief1 repres5t+ ! ,deity att5d$ by angels1 7plate eighty-eight1 fig4 ,b47 n[ built into ! wall at ! end ( ! nave1 on ! s\? side4 ,! "* ( ! sculpture & ! =m ( ! lett]s appe> to him to be almo/ decisive4 ,) reg>d to ! latt]1 he obs]ves2--x is well kn[n t ! ,roman *>act]s 7 re/or$ by ,*>lemagne1 especially aft] he _h be5 proclaim$ emp]or4 ,?is fact is suffici5tly atte/$ by ! v>i\s monum5ts /ill left u ( 8 "t1 z well z by ! co9s :i* 7 /ruck 9 ! latt] "p ( 8 reign1 & dur+ t ( ,l\is le ,dbonnaire4 ,elegance & simplicity 9 ! %ape ( ! lett]s1 *>act]iz$ ! writ+ ( ?is epo*2 & ! latt]1 at lea/1 ( ^! qualities1 is em95tly to be f\nd 9 ! inscription at ,/4 ,lo4 ,on ! o!r h&1 correct or?ography 0 n equally "o ( ! excell5cies ( ! age4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #hh4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,cross ,,at ,,/4 ,,lo4 ,sculpture4 ,pursu+ ! subject yet f>!r1 ,m4 de ,g]ville gives x z 8 op9ion1 t ! diff]5t epo*s 9 ! ar*itecture1 commonly designat$ z ,norman1 may be det]m9$ ) "s degree ( precision2 & he ?9ks he c trace1 9 sev]al *ur*es ( ! vic9ity1 an evid5t imitation ( ?is at ,/4 ,lo2 :ile he reg>ds ! sup]ior antiquity ( ! latt] decisively e/abli%$ by ! sculpture ov] ! we/]n entrance2 by ! m$allion ( ! ,deity1 already notic$2 & by sev]al ( ! capitals ( ! int]ior2 p>ticul>ly ^? t h ref]5ce to ! leg5ds ( ,/4 ,eloy1 7plate eighty-eight1 fig4 ,f47 & ,/4 ,hub]t1 7fig4 ,d471 bo? at t p]iod q rec5t2 & two ( ! o!rs1 7fig ,c4 & ,e47 9 ! latt] ( :i*1 ! devil is roa/+ un=tunate s9n]s1 :ile ! =m]1 exhibit+ ! psy*o/asia1 af=ds a graphic illu/ration ( two l9es ( ! well-kn[n hymn ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*3-- ,/at]a facta corporis1 ,prdamque tulit ,t>t>i4 ,9 ! we/]n front ( ! *ur* ( ,/e ,croix h be5 ins]t$1 above ! door-way1 ?ree w9d[s ( ! e>lie/ po9t$ /yle4 ,! :ole ( ! sculpture ov] ! ar*itraves ( ! ar*1 is1 bo? 9 its design & execution1 curi\s4 ,! knott$ s]p5ts1 t]m9at+ at ei!r end 9 heads ( devils2 ! two m5 tugg+ at r+s1 atta*$ to a *a9 twi/$ r\nd ! neck ( a decapitat$ demon1 :om1 two dogs are bay+2 & ! /ructure ( ! *a9 itself1 are all peculi>2 & sc>cely less s is ! m$allion bel[4#aig--,! *ur* ends at ! ea/ ) a l>ge circul> ar*1 :i* is n[ clos$1 & has always be5 s s9ce ! memory ( man2 b probably1 at "s =m] "t1 x l$ into a *ancel or sanctu>y4 ,!re is a s\? transept1 :i* t]m9ates 9 a simil> ar*3 ! ar*es ( ! nave1 :i* are likewise circul>1 are ea* ( !m surr\nd$ ) a d\ble ar*itrave ( ! zig-zag m\ld+3 ! capitals to ! pill>s support+ ^! ar*es1 ,mr4 ,cotman consid]s z be+ = ! great] "p ( ! be/ class ( ,norman sculpture4 ,he has select$ = engrav+ ^? t are mo/ rude3 ! o!rs commonly exhibit broad int]lac$ b&s1 foliage1 & fruits4 ,! abaci1 too1 ?\gh !y are 9 g5]al pla91 are 9 "s in/ances enri*$ ) simil> sculpture1 z 9 ! *ur*es ( ,grville1 ( ,c]isy1 & ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity at ,ca54 ,9 ! cl]e/ory1 ov] e ar* bel[1 7 orig9ally two small] semi-circul>-head$ ar*es2 b ^! are n[ clos$1 & _! place is occupi$ by a s+le1 n>r[1 po9t$ w9d[1 t op5s into a l>ge recess4 ,! corbels )\t1 7plate eighty-eight1 fig4 ,a47 may be> a comp>ison1 9 po9t ( s+ul>ity1 ) ^? ( any o!r ,norman *ur*4 ,! sacr$ emblem ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 ! wimpl$ nun1 ! :isk]$ ,saxon1 & ! wolf1 ! sc\rge ( ,neu/ria1 are f\nd among !m1 side by side ) ! ,atlas & ,cyclops ( hea!n my?ology2 &1 z if ! leg5ds ( ,rome & ,greece c\ld n furni% suffici5t subjects = ! sculptor's *isel1 he appe>s to h ext5d$ 8 rese>*es into ! m remote regions1 bord]+ ^u ! ,nile1 & !nce to h import$ a rude imitation ( ! ,egyptian head1 & "o /ill m rude1 ( ! my/ic ,sc>abu4 ,,notes3 #aie ,/4 ,lo 0 !n comm&$ by ,m4 ,colombi]es1 :o 0 s resolute 9 ! cause1 t1 r ?an surr5d]1 he plac$ himself 9 ! middle ( ! brea*1 ) 8 two "y sons1 on ei!r side ( him1 ea* hold+ a javel9 9 8 h&1 & !n await$ ! attack1 exhort+ 8 *ildr5 to p]i% bravely1 r ?an be left to infidels & apo/ates4 ,! ,ca?olic army 0 head$ by ,m4 de ,matignon1 :o _h1 on a =m] occasion1 di/+ui%$ himself by 8 l5ity t[>ds ! inhabitants ( ! place4 ,! lord%ip ( ,/4 ,lo1 ) ! title ( a b>ony1 cont9u$ 9 8 family z late z ! ye> #agbb1 :5 ,masseville publi%$ 8 ,hi/ory ( ,norm&y4 #aif ,= ! foll[+ details1 & inde$ ! great] "p ( ! rema9d] ( ?is article1 ! au?or has to express 8 obligations to ,m4 de ,g]ville1 ^: k9d assi/ance1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! "w1 _c be too (t51 or too di/9ctly1 ackn[l$g$4 #aig ,! bas-relief ^u ?is m$allion repres5ts ! mo/ impressive ( ! miracles connect$ ) ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,lo1 & "o t 0 p]=m$ at ! v mom5t :5 he 0 ab\t to ent] ^u ! duties ( 8 episcopacy1 to :i*1 by a manife/ int]position ( ! ,deity1 he _h be5 elect$ at ! e>ly age ( twelve ye>s4 ,r\ault1 9 8 ,abrg de la ,vie des ,evques de ,c\tances1 p4 #ha1 gives ! foll[+ details respect+ x2 & 8 acc\nt1 :i* is curi\s1 is "h ins]t$1 z add+ probability to ! op9ion ( ,m4 de ,g]ville1 t ?is m$allion at lea/ belong$ to ! orig9al /ructure1 :atev] may be ?\ght ( ! re/ ( ! *ur*4--,comme l'lection et la conscration de ,s4 ,lo avoi5t t miraculeuses1 ,dieu fit voir p> des signes qui n'toi5t pas mo9s surpr5ants que t\t s'toit fait selon sa volont3 c> la premire entre que le jeune ,prlat fit dans son ,eglise1 la div9e ,puissance v\lut pr\v] ,/4 ,gild>d1 aux autres ,prlats qui toi5t encore pres5ts1 et t\te l',eglise de ,cotances1 que t\t ce qu'ils avoi5t fait lui toit trs-agrable4 ,ce qui fut confirm p> un ,miracle des plus clatans dans la p]sonne d'une ,femme aveugle ne1 qui s'tant faite conduire la porte de la ,ca?drale1 y att5doit le n\vel ,evque1 dans l'esp]ance de recevoir la ve p> son int]cession4 ,en effet1 lorsqu'elle apprit qu'il appro*oit1 elle le conjura haute voix de lui faire voir la lumi]e4 ,le ,sa9t frapp d'une telle dem&e en r\git1 et crut que c'toit t5t] ,dieu que d'att5dre de lui des ,miracles4 ,mais cette pauvre femme ne cessant de cri] comme l',aveugle de l',evangile1 le ,sa9t p\ssa un pr(ond s\pir1 et ayant plus d'g>d la foi de la suppliante qu' son propre mrite1 il invoqua le sec\rs du sa9t ,esprit1 fit avec confiance le signe de la croix sur les yeux de l',aveugle1 et au mme in/ant la ve lui fut r5du la gr&e admiration de t\s les assi/ans1 qui bnir5t et rem]cir5t ,dieu de leur avoir donn un ,pa/eur qui pr\voit sa vocation p> un si gr& ,miracle1 en reconnoissance duquel on leva au mme lieu deux ,/atus1 l'une de ,sa9t ,lo1 et l'autre de la femme gurie1 telles qu'on les voit encore auj\rd'hui au ,portail de l',eglise1 o on a aussi cons]v =t soigneusem5t la ,pi]re sur laquelle toit ,sa9t ,lo lorsqu'il op]a ce ,miracle4 ,c'e/ encore sur elle que les ,seigneurs ,evques de ,cotances s'arrt5t leur premi]e entre1 p\r faire les s]m5s et promesses acc\tumes en p>eille ,cremonie1 et qu'ils y reoiv5t les complim5s et applaudissem5s de la ,ville1 p\r cons]v] la mmoire d'un si gr& ,miracle4 ,,plate ,,lxxxix4 ,,& ,,xc4 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,falaise4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #hi4 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,falaise4 ,nor? ,we/ ,view4 ,:oev] c take pleasure 9 ! wilde/ extravagancies ( absurd fiction1 display$ 9 !ories de/itute ( ev5 ! sl5d] basis ( tradition1 yet rais$ ) plausibility1 connect$ ) +5uity1 & support$ by le>n+1 may f9d abundant gratification 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,falaise4 ,! t[n1 z /at$ 9 a manuscript gazette] ( ,norm&y1 writt5 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 0 n only among ! mo/ anci5t 9 ,gaul1 b 0 f\nd$ by "o ( ! gr&sons ( ,noah4 ,accord+ to ano!r yet m grave au?ority1 its antiquity so>s /ill high]1 & m\nts to ! p]iod ( ! deluge itself4 ,x s f> exce$s t ( ! ,roman empire1 t1 long be=e ! build+ ( ! immortal city1 colonies 7 s5t f ,falaise into ,italy1 :]e !y 7 kn[n by ! ,aborig9es1 "u ! names ( ,falisci1 or ,fal]ii4 ,a ?ird writ]1 ,m4 ,langev91 au?or ( ! ,re*]*es ,hi/oriques sur ,falaise1 assures 8 read]s t ,falaise 01 f "t immemorial1 a /ation consecrat$ to religion2 &1 9 a diss]tation full ( ! mo/ recondite in=mation relative to ! wor%ip ( ,bel5us & ,abrasax1 ,isis & ,fel1 he s connects & int]m+les ! rites ( ^? deities ) ! place & its vic9ity1 t he c sc>cely be said to d x less honor ?an 8 pr$ecessors4 ,to turn f hi/orians ( ?is sangu9e complexion to ^? ( a m sob] temp]am5t1 !re w appe> no reason = believ+ t ! t[n ( ,falaise _h exi/5ce prior to ! incursions ( ! ,saxons1 or ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,normans1 9 ,neu/ria4 ,no m5tion ( x :atev] is to be f\nd previ\s to ! latt] ( ^! times2 & its v "n1 obvi\sly d]iv$ f ! ,g]man ^w = a rock1 fels1 :5ce ! ,fr5* subsequ5tly borr[$ _! appellation = cliffs1 falaise1 seems decisive z to ! f\ndation ( ! t[n by "s p ( ,teutonic orig94 ,x is at ! same "t altoge!r *>act]i/ic ( its situation4 ,t ,falaise 0 built by ! ,saxons1 may probably1 ) ju/ice1 be inf]r$ f ! fact ( its be+ casually m5tion$ dur+ ! reign ( ,rollo1 z "o ( ! places ?r\gh :i* he pass$ 9 ! ye> #iab1 :ile visit+ ! diff]5t p>ts ( 8 du*y4 ,! t[n _c b h be5 ( importance 9 ! "t ( 8 son1 ,william ,longue-,epe2 z t pr9ce is /at$ to h receiv$ great assi/ance f ! inhabitants ( ,falaise1 & ! di/rict ( ! ,himois1 :5 engag$ 9 a w> ) ! p ( ,brittany4 ,x is m ?an possible t ! =tifications 7 add$1 & ! ca/le erect$1 by "o or ! o!r ( ^! sov]eigns4#aih ,_! imm$iate successor1 ,ri*>d ,sans-,peur1 is /at$ to h made consid]able additions to ! works ( ! place1 :i*1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! foll[+ c5tury1 "u ,ri*>d ,,iii4 ! fif? ( ! ,norman dukes1 0 unque/ionably "o ( ! /ronge/ holds ( ! prov9ce4 ,n long aft]w>ds1 ,falaise rose into new importance1 z ! resid5ce ( ,rob]t1 fa!r to ! ,conqu]or1 & ! bir?-place ( t sov]eign himself1 to :om x r5d]$ acceptable s]vice dur+ 8 y\?1 ^u ! occasion ( ! =midable conspiracy ( ! ,norman b>ons1 head$ by ,guy de ,b\rgogne1 9 #ajdf4 ,! pr9ce1 !n at ,valognes1 escap$ ) difficulty f ! poni>ds ( ! assass9s to ,falaise1 :]e he 0 receiv$ ) op5 arms4 ,falaise 0 at t "t ! capital ( ! ,himois4 ,9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 ( ,engl&1 ! ca/le 0 us$ z a /ate prison1 & 0 select$ z ! place ( conf9em5t ( ,rob]t1 ,e>l ( ,leice/]1 :5 tak5 prison] 9 #aagc1 comm&+ ! ,fr5* =ces 9 ,engl&4 ,at a subsequ5t1 b n f> di/ant p]iod1 ,brito1 ! poetical *ronicl] ( ! de$s ( ,philip-,augu/us1 9 speak+ ( ! f9al subjection ( ,norm&y to t k+1 m5tions ! t[n ( ,falaise & its capture1 9 ! foll[+ v]ses3-- ,vicus erat scabr circumdatus undique rupe1 ,ipsius asp]itate loci ,falsa vocatus1 ,normann 9 m$io regionis1 cujus 9 alt ,turres rupe s$5t et mo5ia1 sic ut ad illam ,jactus nemo putet aliquos cont+]e posse4 ,hunc rex innum]is circumd$it undique signis1 ,p]que dies septem v>ia in/rum5ta p>abat1 ,mo5ibus ut fractis vill potiatur et arc3 ,v]m burg5ses et prcipue ,lupic>us1 ,cui patri curam d$]at rex ,anglicus omnem1 ,eleg]e magis illsum r$d]e ca/rum1 ,omni re salv cum lib]tatis honore1 ,qum belli t5t>e vices et d5ique v9ci4 ,! =ego+ 0 ! f\r? ( ! n9e sieges t h r5d]$ ! "n ( ,falaise memorable 9 ,norman hi/ory4 ,! fir/ ( !m _h tak5 place 9 #ajbg1 :5 ,falaise presum$ to %elt] ,rob]t1 ! fa!r ( ! ,conqu]or1 dur+ 8 rebellion aga9/ 8 bro!r1 ,duke ,ri*>d ,,iii4 ,9 po9t ( importance1 none ( ! sieges 7 equal to ^? ( #adag & #aehi4 ,^u ! =m] ( ^? occasions1 ,h5ry ,v4 flu%$ by ! success t _h unremitt+ly att5d$ 8 arms1 s9ce 8 glori\s victory at ,ag9c\rt1 l$ 8 troops 9 p]son aga9/ ! t[n1 :i* he expect$ w\ld fall an easy prey4 ,b x resi/$ an incessant bomb>dm5t = ?ree mon?s1 & did n f9ally surr5d]1 till ! =tifications _h su/a9$ su* ess5tial injuries1 t ! repair+ ( !m by ! besieg$1 at _! own *>ge1 0 made "o ( ! lead+ articles ( ! capitulation4 ,x 0 ^u ?is occasion1 t ! l(ty circul> t[]1 "o ( ! pr9cipal objects 9 bo? ^! plates1 0 add$ to ! ca/le4 ,tradition ascribes its erection to ! celebrat$ ,engli% g5]al1 ,talbot1 !n gov]nor ( ! t[n2 &1 ev5 to ! pres5t day1 x be>s 8 "n4#aii ,! la/ siege ( ,falaise1 t ( ,decemb]1 #aehi1 0 occasion$ by ! devot$ adh]5ce ( ! inhabitants to ! ,league1 & _! consequ5t refusal to recognize ,h5ry ,,iv4 z _! sov]eign1 on acc\nt ( 8 atta*m5t to ! ,prote/ant fai?4 ,9 def5ce ( _! cre$1 !y _h already su/a9$ "o siege 9 ! mon? ( ,july ( ! same ye>2 &1 head$ by ! ,c\nt de ,brissac1 gov]nor ( ! ca/le1 _h repuls$ ! royal troops "u ! comm& ( ! ,duke de ,montp5si]4 ,b ! new sov]eign 0 n a man to be trifl$ )2 & :5 ,brissac1 ^u be+ summon$ to surr5d]1 repli$1 accord+ to ! words ( ,de ,?\1 religione se prohib]i2 sumpto quippe ,dom9ici corporis sacram5to1 fidem suis obligsse de d$itione se prorss non acturum2 ! k+ is report$1 by ! same noble hi/orian1 to h return$ 9 answ]1 se m5ses ad totidem dies contracturum1 intra quos illum1 s$ magno suo cum damno1 religione soluturus esset4 ,! g>rison1 not)/&+ ^! ?reats1 did n relax 9 _! opposition1 & ! t[n 0 f9ally tak5 by assault1 ! fro/ enabl+ ! assailants to cross ! moat4 ,on ?is1 ! ,c\nt de ,brissac retir$ to ! ca/le1 :i* he surr5d]$ ab\t a mon? aft]w>ds4 ,falaise appe>s 9 ! religi\s annals ( ,norm&y1 z ! seat ( an abbey1 f\nd$ 9 #aabg1 & fir/ occupi$ by regul> canons ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & plac$ "u ! invocation ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ! ,ar*angel2 b %ortly aft]w>ds transf]r$ to ! ,prmon/rat5sian fri>s1 & d$icat$ to ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,! mona/]y is said to h tak5 its rise f an hospital1 e/abli%$ by a weal?y inhabitant1 9 consequ5ce ( a begg> hav+ di$ ( cold & hung] 9 8 b>n4 ,a bull f ,pope ,sextus ,,iv4 dat$ 9 #adge1 conf]r$ ^u ! abbots ! privilege ( we>+ ! mitre1 r+1 & pontifical insignia1 toge!r ) v>i\s o!r honor>y di/9ctions4 ,! revolution depriv$ ,falaise ( its abbey & eight *ur*es4 ,x n[ reta9s only f\r2 two )9 ! walls1 & two 9 ! suburbs4 ,its population is e/imat$ at ab\t t5 ?\s& inhabitants4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ij4 ,,ca/le ,,( ,,falaise4 ,nor? ,view4 ,! ca/le ( ,falaise is ) ju/ice reg>d$ by ,mr4 ,turn]1 z "o ( ! pr\de/ relics ( ,norman antiquity4 ,! foll[+ description ( x1 z m copi\s ?an any o!r t has yet appe>$1 is transcrib$ v]batim f ! ,t\r#bjj ( t au?or3--,x is situat$ on a v bold & l(ty rock1 brok5 into s+ul> & fanta/ic masses1 & cov]$ ) luxuri\s vegetation4 ,! keep :i* t[]s above x is ( excell5t masonry3 ! /ones are accurately squ>$1 & put toge!r ) great neatness1 & ! jo9ts are small2 & ! ar*es are turn$ cle>ly & di/9ctly1 ) ! key-/one or w$ge accurately plac$ 9 all ( !m4 ,"s p>ts ( ! wall1 t[>ds ! int]ior ballium1 are n built ( squ>$ free/one2 b ( ! d>k /one ( ! c\ntry1 dispos$ 9 a zig-zag1 or1 z x is m commonly call$1 9 a h]r+-bone direction1 ) a great deal ( mort> 9 ! int]/ices3 ! buttresses1 or r pi]s1 are ( small projection1 b great wid?4 ,! upp] /ory1 de/roy$ ab\t =ty ye>s s9ce1 0 ( a diff]5t /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,accord+ to an old pr9t1#bja x t]m9at$ ) a l>ge battlem5t1 & b>tizan t[]s at ! angles4 ,?is dungeon 0 =m]ly divid$ into sev]al ap>tm5ts1 9 "o ( ! l[] ( :i* 0 f\nd1 ab\t half a c5tury ago1 a v anci5t tomb1 ( good workman%ip1 ornam5t$ ) a sphynx at ea* end1 b be>+ no inscription :atev]4 ,common report ascrib$ ! c(f9 to ,talbot1 :o 0 = _m ye>s gov]nor ( ! ca/le2 & at l5g? an individual engrav$ ^u x an epitaph to 8 honor3 b ! fraud 0 discov]$1 & ! s>cophagus put aside1 z ( no acc\nt4 ,! second1 or pr9cipal1 /ory ( ! keep1 n[ =ms a s+le squ>e room1 ab\t fifty feet wide1 light$ by circul>-head$ w9d[s1 ea* divid$ into two by a %ort & massy c5tral pill>1 ^: capital is altoge!r ,norman4 ,on "o ( ! capitals is sculptur$ a *ild lead+ a lamb1#bjb a repres5tation1 z x is fooli%ly said1 ( ! ,conqu]or1 :om tradition all$ges to h be5 born 9 ! ap>tm5t to :i* ?is w9d[ belong$3 ano!r pill> has an elegant capital1 compos$ ( int]lac$ b&s4--,connect$ ) ! dungeon by a /one /aircase is a small ap>tm5t1 v mu* dilapidat$1 b /ill reta9+ a portion ( its orig9al fac+ ( ,ca5 /one4 ,x 0 f ! w9d[ ( ?is ap>tm5t1 z ! /ory commonly goes1 t ,duke ,rob]t fir/ saw ! beautiful ,arlette1 draw+ wat] f ! /reamlet bel[1 & 0 enam\r$ ( h] *>ms1 & took h] to 8 b$4--,accord+ to ano!r v]sion ( ! tale1 ! e>lie/ int]view betwe5 ! pr9ce & 8 fair mi/ress1 took place z ,rob]t 0 return+ f ! *ace1 ) 8 m9d full ( ang] aga9/ ! inhabitants ( ,falaise1 = hav+ presum$ to kill ! de] :i* he _h comm&$ %\ld be pres]v$ = 8 royal pa/ime4 ,9 ?is (f5ce ! curri]s ( ! t[n _h borne ! pr9cipal %>e1 & !y 7 !re=e pr9cipally m>k$ out = puni%m5t4 ,b1 =tunately = !m1 ,arlette1 ! daught] ( "o ,v]pray1 ! mo/ culpable ( ! numb]1 met ! (f5d$ ,duke :ile rid+ ?r\gh ! /reet1 & ) h] beauty s fasc9at$ him1 t %e n only obta9$ ! p>don ( h] fa!r & 8 associates1 b became 8 mi/ress1 & cont9u$ s z long z he liv$4 ,f h]1 if we may give cr$5ce to ! old *ronicl]s1 is d]iv$ our ,engli% ^w1 h>lot4 ,! fruit ( _! union 0 ,william ! ,conqu]or1 ^: illegitimate bir?1 & ! l[ extraction ( 8 "m1 s]v$ on m ?an "o occasion z a pretext = conspiracies aga9/ 8 ?rone1 & 7 frequ5tly ! subject ( p]sonal mortification to himself4--,! walls 9 ?is "p ( ! ca/le are f eight to n9e feet ?ick4 ,a portion ( !m has be5 holl[$ out1 s z to =m a c\ple ( small rooms4 ,! old door-way ( ! keep is at ! angle2 ! returns are re$$1 end+ 9 a squ>e impo/2 ! ar* above is de/roy$4--,talbot's t[]1 ?us call$ f hav+ be5 built by t g5]al1 9 #adcj & ! two subsequ5t ye>s1 is connect$ ) ! keep by means ( a long passage ) lancet w9d[s1 t wid5 greatly inw>ds4 ,x is m ?an "o hundr$ feet high1 & is a beautiful piece ( masonry1 z p]fect1 app>5tly1 z on ! day :5 x 0 erect$1 & z firm z ! rock on :i* x /&s4 ,?is t[] is asc5d$ by a /aircase conceal$ )9 ! sub/ance ( ! walls1 ^: ?ickness is full fifte5 feet t[>ds ! base1 & does n decrease m ?an ?ree feet ne> ! summit4 ,ano!r ap]ture 9 !m s]ves = a well1 :i* ?us communicates ) e ap>tm5t 9 ! t[]4 ,mo/ ( ! ar*es 9 ?is t[] h circul> heads3 ! w9d[s are squ>e4--,! walls & t[]s :i* encircle ! keep are ( mu* lat] date2 ! pr9cipal gate-way is po9t$4 ,imm$iately on ent]+1 is se5 ! v anci5t *apel1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,priscus1 or1 z he is call$ 9 ,fr5*1 ,/4 ,prix4 ,! ea/ end ) ?ree circul>-head$ w9d[s1 reta9s its orig9al l9es3 ! masonry is firm & good4 ,fanta/ic corbels surr\nd ! summit ( ! lat]al walls4 ,)91 a semi-circul> ar* re/+ ^u %ort pill>s ) sculptur$ capitals1 divides ! *oir f ! nave4 ,9 o!r respects ! build+ has be5 mu* alt]$4 ,h5ry ,v4 repair$ x 9 #adah1 & x has be5 s9ce dilapidat$ & re/or$4 ,a pile ( build+s beyond1 :olly mod]n 9 ! ext]ior1 is n[ inhabit$ z a sem9>y1 or college4 ,!re are "s circul> ar*es )91 :i* %ew t ^! build+s belong$ to ! orig9al /ructure4--,altoge!r ! ca/le is a noble ru94 ,?\gh ! keep is de/itute ( ! enri*m5ts ( ,norwi* or ,ca/le-,ris+1 x possesses an impressive "* ( /r5g?1 :i* is mu* increas$ by ! extraord9>y fre%ness ( ! masonry4 ,! fosses ( ! ca/le are plant$ ) l(ty trees1 :i* %ade & int]m+le ) ! t[]s & ramp>ts2 & on e side !y gr\pe !mselves ) picturesque beauty4 ,x is said t ! municipality int5d to re/ore ,talbot's t[] & ! keep1 by replac+ ! demoli%$ battlem5ts2 b ,i %\ld hope t no o!r repairs may take place1 except su* z may be necess>y = ! pres]vation ( ! edifice2 & ,i d n ?9k x ne$s any1 except ! ins]tion ( clamps 9 ! c5tral columns ( two ( ! w9d[s1 :i* are mu* %att]$4 ,,notes3 #aih ,at ! same "t t no record :atev] has be5 pres]v$ relative to ! date ( ! build+ ( ! ca/le at ,falaise1 ! ,norman *ronicl]s h c>efully record$ ! ras ( ! erection ( ! o!r ca/les 9 ! neighborhood4 ,t ( ,domfront1 accord+ to !m1 0 built ,a4,d4 #ajaa & #ajad1 by ! ,c\nts ( ,al5on2 t ( ,ca51 by ,william ! ,conqu]or1 b mu* increas$ by 8 son1 ,h5ry ,i42 t ( ,vignats1 a league & a half f ,falaise1 ab\t ! ye> #ajif1 dur+ ! duk$om ( ,rob]t1 by ,rob]t ( ,montgom]y1 ,c\nt ( ,al5on1 & ,visc\nt ( ,himes & ( ,falaise2 & t ( ,arg5tan1 by ,h5ry ,i4 ,k+ ( ,engl&1 by way ( protection aga9/ 8 son-9-law1 ,ge(frey ,plantag5et4--,re*]*es ,hi/oriques sur ,falaise1 p4 #bb4 #aii ,accord+ to ,langev91 p4 #cj1 ,talbot likewise add$ to ! ca/le1 "s noble ap>tm5ts1 ornam5t$ ) pa9t+s1 :i* also pass$ "u 8 "n1 & ( :i* "s portions 7 /ill /&+ a few ye>s ago4 #bjj ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #bff4 #bja ,?is pr9t has lately be5 copi$ into ,mr4 ,dibd9's ,t\r1 vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #aa4 #bjb ,mr4 ,turn] appe>s to be 9 error ) reg>d to ?is capital3 ,mr4 ,cotman1 :o exam9$ x m att5tively1 f\nd ! *ild to be hold+ two animals 9 a lea%2 & he supposes !m to be greyh\nds1 comp>+ !m ) a v simil> piece ( sculpture ^u "o ( ! capitals 9 ! bi%op's palace1 9 ! ca/le at ,durham1 erect$ by ! ,conqu]or4--,see ,c>t]'s ,anci5t ,ar*itecture1 ,i4 pl4 #ag1 fig4 ,p4 ,,plate ,,xci4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,creully4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ia4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,creully4 ,creully1 ^: *ur* has be5 "h select$ = publication1 z a favorable specim5 ( g5u9e ,norman ar*itecture1 is a small m>ket-t[n ( ! diocese ( ,bayeux1 situat$ ab\t six miles to ! ea/ ( ! city ( t "n1 & fifte5 miles nor?-we/ ( ,ca54 ,x is an anci5t b>ony1 hav+ be5 honor$ ) t di/9ction by ,h5ry ,i4 9 favor ( 8 natural son1 ! ,e>l ( ,gloce/]1 _m ( ^: desc5dants1 accord+ to ,masseville1 7 /ill liv+ 9 ,norm&y 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & bore ! "n ( ,creully4 ,! same au?or makes m5tion ( ! ,lords ( ,creully1 on m ?an "o occasion1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 ,norman hi/ory4--,!y are to be f\nd 9 ! li/ ( ! b>ons t accompani$ ,duke ,rob]t to ! ,holy ,l&1 9 #ajii2 & :5 ! ,g5oese1 9 #acij1 call$ ^u ! ,k+ ( ,france = succ\rs aga9/ ! infidels ( ! coa/ ( ,b>b>y1 & ! pi\s mon>* s5t an army to _! relief1 "u ! comm& ( ! ,duke ( ,b\rbon1 ! "n ( ! ,seigneur de ,creully /&s prom95t among ^? :o emb>k$ ^u t un=tunate exp$ition4 ,aga91 9 #acjb1 ! ,b>on ( ,creully held ! fif? place among ! n9e lords f ! bailiwick ( ,ca51 :o 7 summon$ to sit 9 ! ,norman ex*equ]4 ,f ! days ( ! ,e>l ( ,gloce/] to ! break+ out ( ! ,fr5* revolution1 ! b>ony ( ,creully cont9u$ to be held by diff]5t noble families4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 ,masseville publi%$ 8 "w1 x 0 9 ! h&s ( ! heirs ( ,m4 de ,seigneley-,colb]t1 :o likewise possess$ o!r consid]able doma9s 9 ,norm&y4 ,! la/ t _h ! title 0 a memb] ( ! family ( ,montmor5ci4--,8 emigration caus$ ! e/ate to be confiscat$1 & sold z national prop]ty2 b ! b>onial ca/le is n[ /&+1 & displays1 9 two ( its t[]s1 & 9 a *imney ( unusual =m1 a portion ( its anci5t "*4 ,! re/ ( ! build+ is mod]niz$ into a spruce1 com=table resid5ce1 :i*1 9 #ahah1 0 occupi$ by an ,engli% g5]al ( ! "n ( ,hodgson4#bjc ,! writ] ( ?is article has met ) no records connect$ ) ! *ur* ( ,creully4--,ext]nally1 x is :olly mod]niz$2 b )91 ! nave1 side-aisles1 & *oir1 are all purely ,norman1 except at ! extremities4 ,! pi]s are v massy2 ! ar*es wide & l[2 ! capitals cov]$ ) rude1 b rem>kable sculpture1 :i* is v>i$ on e pill>2 & ! walls are ( extraord9>y ?ickness4 ,,notes3 #bjc ,turn]'s ,t\r 9 ,norm&y1 ,,ii4 p4 #bfd4 ,,plates ,,xcii4--,,xciv4 ,,ca!dral ,,at ,,c\tances4 ,illu/ration3 ,plates #ib-ic4 ,,ca!dral ,,*ur* ,,( ,,notre ,,dame1 ,,at ,,c\tances4 ,we/ ,front4 ,! diocese ( ,c\tances1 embrac+ ! nor?-we/]n portion ( ,celtic ,gaul1 appe>s to h be5 ! la/ "p ( ! c\ntry t 0 visit$ by ! light ( ,*ri/ianity2 b its hi/orians boa/ t ! t>dy approa* ( ! rays ( gospel-tru? has be5 m ?an comp5sat$ by _! subsequ5t brilliancy2 = t 9 no o!r ( ! ,norman dioceses has ! sun ( revelation blaz$ ) equal spl5dor1 or giv5 bir? to fruits ( equal excell5ce4 ,?us1 accord+ to ,r\ault1#bjd z e>ly z ! fif? c5tury1 & dur+ ! :ole ( ! two foll[+1 & a portion ( ! eigh?1 ! ,ct5t9 0 s celebrat$1 by reason ( ! great numb] ( sa9ts1 :o 7 ei!r natives ( ! c\ntry1 or _h retir$ ?i!r z to a place ( safe retreat1 t x 0 reg>d$ z be+ honor$ ) ! div9e favor1 beyond any o!r di/rict 9 ,france4 ,no few] ?an fifte5 holy m51 en%r9$ 9 ! ,roman cal5d>1 are said to h resid$ !re at or ne> ! same p]iod2 &1 :ile _! lu/re irradiat$ ! episcopal mitre1 its beams ext5d$ to ! remote fa/nesses ( ! des]t ( ,scycy1 ne> ,granville1 !n celebrat$ = ! sanctity ( its h]mits4 ,at a "t n long subsequ5t1 ,/4 ,alg]onde & ,!odoric1 bo? ( !m bi%ops ( ,c\tances1 & ! m>tyrs1 ,leo1 ,philip1 & ,g]vais1 ?ree natives ( ,c>5tan1 became pr9cipal in/rum5ts t[>ds ! conv]sion ( ! hea!n ,normans4 ,hi/ory also records1 t x 0 9 ! h\se ( ,/4 ,clair1 "o ( ! protectors ( ?is diocese1 t ! treaty 0 f9ally conclud$1 9 con=mity ) :i*1 ! *ief ( ! infidels 01 ) 8 foll[]s1 admitt$ )9 ! pale ( ! *ur*4 ,! f\ndation ( ! see ( ,c\tances is commonly suppos$ to h tak5 place ab\t ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury1 dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( ! papacy ( ,cele/9e ,i4 & ( ! reign ( ,ph>amond1 9 ,france4 ,! see lays claim to ! pr\d di/9ction ( hav+ enri*$ ! beatifi$ cal5d> ) ! names ( at lea/ fifte5 ( its bi%ops2 ( hav+ add$ "o to ! li/ ( ! successors ( ,/4 ,pet]2 ( hav+ suppli$ six c>d9als to ! holy college2 & ( hav+ produc$ an equal numb] ( m>tyrs4 ,& if to ?is catalogue1 already great1 be jo9$ ! _m an*orites ( ,scycy & ( ,nanteuil1 :o h be5 promot$ to ! episcopal dignity1 a :ole leg5d1 to use ! words ( a pi\s au?or1 may be fill$ ) ! lives & ! miracles ( ! holy m5 ( ,c\tances4 ,9 turn+ f ! ecclesia/ical to ! secul> annals ( ! diocese1 ! b>ons ( ! ,ct5t9 sc>cely occupy a less di/+ui%$ place4 ,! hi/ories ( ! ,crusades1 9 p>ticul>1 ab\nd ) _! exploits4 ,hauteville1 ne> ,c\tances1 boa/s to h giv5 bir? & title to ,tancr$1 ( immortal memory2 :o1 ei!r himself1 or by 8 desc5dants1 f\nd$ ! k+doms ( ,naples & ,sicily1 & reign$ ov] almo/ ! :ole ( ,italy2 :ile1 ) _! victori\s =ces1 !y ext]m9at$ ! ,s>ac5s1 protect$ ! holy see1 support$ ! ,cretans 9 ! ea/1 & c>ri$ _! conqu]+ arms to ! utmo/ conf9es ( ! ,greek empire4 ,to !m1 also1 ! *ivalr\s in/itution ( ! ,gold5 ,fleece owes its orig92 & s extraord9>y 7 _! exploits1 t !y might pass = fabul\s1 _h !y occurr$ 9 a m remote age1 & did n ! concurr+ te/imony ( hi/orians unite to /amp !m ) ! seal ( tru?4 ,accord+ to ! ecclesia/ical division ( ,france be=e ! revolution1 ! diocese ( ,c\tances 0 b\nd$ to ! s\? by t ( ,avran*es1 & to ! ea/ by t ( ,bayeux1 :ile1 9 ! two rema9+ divisions1 its limits 7 circumscrib$ by ! ocean4#bje ,at pres5t1 x includes ! :ole dep>tm5t ( ,la ,man*e2 ! suppression ( ! bi%opric ( ,avran*es hav+ add$ consid]ably to its ext5t4--,9 ,roman ,gaul1 ,c\tances 0 includ$ 9 ! prov9ce call$ ! ,lugdun5sis secunda3 b1 on ! subject ( ! f\ndation or e>ly hi/ory ( ! city1 au?ors are1 z commonly happ5s1 mu* at v>iance1 ascrib+ to x1 accord+ to _! fancies or _! prejudices1 v diff]5t degrees ( antiquity4 ,^? :o are mo/ dispos$ to d x honor 9 ?is respect1 cont5d t x 0 ! capital ( ! tribe m5tion$ by ,cs>1 9 8 ,comm5t>ies1 "u ! "n ( ,unelli2 & call$ by ,pl9y1 ,v5elli2 & by ,ptolemy1 ,v5eli4 ,!y are guid$ 9 ?is op9ion exclusively by locality4 ,o!rs1 ) a great] appe>ance ( probability1 at lea/ z f> z any reliance may be plac$ ^u etymology1 ma9ta9 t ,c\tances _h no exi/5ce be=e ! days ( ! ,emp]or1 ,con/antius ,*lorus1 fa!r to ,con/ant9e ! ,great4 ,!re h also n be5 want+ writ]s :o h ref]r$ its orig9 to ,con/ant9e himself1 or :o h ma9ta9$ t x 0 indebt$ = its "n to its con/ant & vigor\s opposition to ! ,roman p[]4 ,! second ( ^! op9ions appe>s to h obta9$ g5]al cr$5ce 9 ! "t ( ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 :o1 9 speak+ ( ,con/antius1 expressly says1 ,hic 9 ,neu/ri civitatem condidit1 quam a nom9e suo ,con/antiam nom9avit4 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us adds /r5g? to ! same belief1 :5 he calls ,c\tances1 ,con/antia ca/ra4 ,x is probable t ! city 0 9 reality ! seat ( ! ,emp]or's camp1 at ! "t :5 he 0 ab\t to lead 8 =ces into ,brita94 ,( ! future progress ( ! t[n1 & ! /eps by :i* x rose to its pres5t em95ce1 no acc\nt :atev] is left4 ,hi/ory1 s pr(use 9 details respect+ _m o!r places 9 ,norm&y1 f> inf]ior 9 size & 9 di/9ction1 has done little m ) reg>d to ! capital ( ! ,ct5t91 ?an record ! b>e facts1--t x 0 pillag$ by ! ,normans 9 #hhh2 0 sold by ,duke ,rob]t to 8 bro!r1 ,h5ry ,i4 9 #ajhg2 0 tak5 by ! ,c\nt ( ,anj\1 9 ! twelf? ye> ( ! foll[+ c5tury2 01 ?irty ye>s subsequ5tly1 surr5d]$ to ! ,empress ,maude2 0 wre/$ f ,john1 by ,philip-,augu/us1 9 #abjb2 9 #adah1 op5$ its gates to ! victori\s arms ( ,h5ry ,v42 &1 aft] rema9+ = ?irty-"o ye>s 9 ! h&s ( ! ,engli%1 0 f9ally re-unit$ to ! cr[n ( ,france4 ,9 #adfe1 ,c\tances lo/ its milit>y "*3 its walls 7 !n de/roy$1 & ! =tifications ras$1 by ord] ( ,l\is ,,xi4 z a puni%m5t ^u ! inhabitants = _! conduct1 9 aid+ ! treasonable attempt ( ,*>les1 ! bro!r ( ! mon>*1 to obta9 =cible possession ( ! duk$om ( ,norm&y4#bjf ,n long subsequ5tly1 ,francis ,i4 gladd5$ ! city ) ! royal pres5ce1 on 8 return f 8 pilgrimage to ,mont ,/4 ,mi*el1 9 #adhg2 & 8 gr&son1 ,h5ry ,,iii4 be/[$ ^u x ! di/9ction ( be+ ! capital ( ! bailiwick2 soon aft] :i*1 x suff]$ sev]ely dur+ ! religi\s w>s1 especially :5 x fell into ! p[] ( ! ,calv9i/s1 9 #aefb4 ,^? m]ciless religioni/s pillag$ x ) an unsp>+ h&1 ev5 consign+ a portion ( x to ! flames3 !y sack$ ! *ur*es1 & c>ri$ (f ! prelate1 :om !y =c$ to accompany !m ^u an ass1 ) 8 face turn$ to its tail4 ,( ! bi%ops ( ,c\tances1 x w be suffici5t "h to m5tion ?ree--,ri*>d de ,longueuil1 :o 0 nom9at$ 9 #adee1 "o ( ! f\r commission]s to revise ! process ( ! ,maid ( ,arc1 & decl>$ h] innoc5t2 ,ni*olas de ,briroy1 :o1 at ! end ( ! foll[+ c5tury1 obta9$ f ! ,pope1 ,paul ,v4 9 return = 8 ext5sive *>ities1 ! enviable title ( ,fa!r ( ! ,poor2 & ,ge(frey de ,montbray1 a prelate honor$ ) ! especial favor ( ! ,conqu]or1 to :om he frequ5tly r5d]$ ! mo/ ess5tial s]vice1 z well 9 arms z 9 peace4 ,he x 01 :o p]=m$ mass 9 ! ,norman camp1 prep>atory to ! battle ( ,ha/+s1 & :o prea*$ at ! coronation ( ! mon>*1 f :om he is said1 by ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 to h receiv$ no few] ?an two hundr$ & eighty manors 9 ,engl&4 ,! pres5t population ( ,c\tances am\nts to betwe5 eight & n9e ?\s& inhabitants4 ,! rema9s ( ! noble aqu$uct 9 ! neighborhood1 ?\gh commonly ascrib$ to ! times ( ,roman p[]1 are said to be ) m ju/ice ref]able to a nobleman ( ! family ( ,haye-,paisnel1 & to h be5 erect$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! pr9cipal feature & great ornam5t ( ! city is its noble ca!dral1 :i*1 reg>d$ z a :ole1 may1 9 ! op9ion ( ,m4 de ,g]ville1 *all5ge a comp>ison ) any o!r 9 ,france4 ,its ar*itecture1 accord+ to ! same able antiqu>y1 af=ds a satisfactory pro( t ! po9t$ ar* 0 really us$ 9 ,france1 full half a c5tury be=e ! epo* g5]ally assign$ to its introduction4 ,^u ?is latt] subject1 !re has already be5 an opportunity ( speak+ 9 ! pres5t "w1 :ile treat+ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,lisieux2 & ! op9ion !re /at$ by ,mr4 ,turn]1 mu/ be all[$ to d]ive ! /ronge/ confirmation f ! ca!dral ( ,c\tances4 ,! po9t is "o t has frequ5tly ex]cis$ ! +5uity ( ar*itects1 & ( ! le>n$3 ! conclud+ portion1 !re=e1 ( ?is article1 w be pr9cipally devot$ to t subject4#bjg ,x 01 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,:itt+ton1 t ! po9t$ ar* began to %ew itself 9 ! edifices ( ,france & ! neighbor+ c\ntries2 &1 hav+ orig9at$ 9 ! ea/1 naturally foll[$ ?is direction 9 its c\rse t[>ds ,engl&4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! s5tim5ts ( ano!r1 at lea/ equally le>n$1 au?or1 ! rev]5d ,dr4 ,miln]1 h be5 giv5 on m ?an "o occasion1 t ! ar*itecture1 commonly d5om9at$ ,go?ic1 really comm5c$ 9 ,engl&1 b did n appe> till aft] ! ye> #aacj2 ! po9t$ ar*es 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,cross1 erect$ by ,h5ry ( ,blois1 bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 & bro!r ( ,k+ ,/eph51 be+ probably ! e>lie/ specim5 ( ! k9d t is any :]e to be f\nd4 ,m4 de ,g]ville combats ?is latt] op9ion1 by adduc+ ! *ur*es ( ,morta9 & ( ,c\tances2 ! fir/ ( !m1 l ,/4 ,cross1 an example ( ! mix$ /yle1 its upp] ar*es be+ semi-circul>1 its l[] po9t$2 ! o!r1 :olly ( ! latt] description4 ,! *ur* ( ,morta9 0 f\nd$ 9 #ajhb1 & mu/ h be5 suffici5tly f9i%$ = ! p]=mance ( div9e wor%ip1 )9 n9e ye>s aft] t p]iod2 z x is expressly record$ t ,ge(frey de ,montbray1 bi%op ( ,c\tances1 :o di$ 9 #ajic1 0 pres5t at ! c]emony ( ! consecration4 ,) reg>d to ! ca!dral ( ,c\tances1 !re is =tunately 9 exi/5ce a highly-curi\s docum5t1 writt5 by an eye-witness to ! build+ ( ! *ur*1 & pr9t$ 9 ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana#bjh f ! black book or *>tul>y ( ! diocese1 :i* 0 compil$ by ord] ( ,john d',essey1 :o wore ! mitre 9 ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! memoir comm5ces by recit+ a portion ( ! h>d%ips und]gone by ! see ( ,c\tances1 9 common ) o!r p>ts ( ! nor? ( ,france1 f ! ,norman invasion2 & !n tells h[ ,h]b]t ,,ii4 :o succe$$ to ! episcopal ?rone 9 #ajbj1 expell$1 z useless & illit]ate1 ! canons 9 possession ( ! *ur* ( ,c\tances1 & took ! :ole ( ! ecclesia/ical rev5ues into 8 own h&s1 because sibi m9s urbani m9sque faceti videbantur6 ,x goes on to /ate1 t 8 successor1 ,rob]t1 f> f re/or+ :at _h be5 seiz$ "u s extraord9>y a plea1 ali5at$ ! prop]ty by p>cell+ x out among 8 k9dr$2 b t1 not)/&+ ?is1 a beg9n+ 0 made 9 8 "t t[>ds ! erection ( ! *ur*1 :i* 0 f\nd$ by ! ,c\ntess ,gonora1 wid[ ( ,duke ,ri*>d ,,ii4 ) ! aid ( contributions f v>i\s qu>t]s4#bji ,to ,rob]t1 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l1 #ajdh1 succe$$ ! celebrat$ ,ge(frey de ,montbray1 :o f9ally complet$ ! great "w comm5c$ by 8 pr$ecessor4 ,! fir/ /one ( ! ca!dral _h be5 laid 9 #ajcj2 ! d$ication took place 9 #ajef1 & 0 p]=m$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,duke himself1 ! ar*bi%op1 8 suffragans1 & a l>ge proportion ( ! ,norman nobility4 ,"s ,engli% b>ons likewise cross$ ! sea to att5d ^u ! occasion4 ,! vigor ( ,ge(frey's "* 0 nev] m /rik+ly exemplifi$1 ?an 9 connection ) ?is fabric4#baj ,9 ! e>lie/ ye>s ( 8 prelacy1 he und]took a voyage to ,apulia1 = ! express purpose ( obta9+ f ,rob]t ,guis*>d1 & 8 companions 9 arms1 pecuni>y assi/ance t[>ds ! build+2 &1 dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( a long life1 he appe>s to h be5 unremitt+ 9 8 endeavors to add :atev] might contribute to its dignity1 its spl5d\r1 & its utility4#baa ,! foll[+ l9es1 trac$ by 8 dy+ h&1 well m>k ! man himself1 & ! temp] ( ! age1 & ! preval5ce ( ! rul+ passion3--,gaufridus1 mis]icordia ,dei1 ,con/anti5sis episcopus1 omnibus sub *ri/iana reg5]atione deg5tibus1 tam cl]icis quam lacis1 salutem1 prosp]itatem et pacem4 ,con/anti5sem ecclesiam quam hucusque licet indigne t5u]am1 tam5 mis]ante ,deo1 populo me pravitatis augm5tum et honor>e /udui1 et extrema444444 eam amplius factis adjuv>e nequeo v]bis quantum tut>i et def5s>e cupio4 ,quicumque igitur qui sub *ri/iana pr(essione vocatus1 prfatam ecclesiam honor>e1 consol>i et def5s>e volu]it1 auctoritate ,dom9i no/ri ,jesu ,*ri/i ejusque sanctissim g5etricis1 9 apo/olica no/raque confirmatione b5$ictus1 ab eodem ,dom9o no/ro ,jesu ,*ri/o omnium bonorum retributore m]c$em recipiat 9 futuro1 et anima ejus int] *oros angelorum et ar*angelorum1 apo/olorum et m>tyrum1 confessorum et virg9um requiem possideat 9 p>adiso4 ,quod si aliquis irrev]5s et contumeliosus1 av>iti vel cupiditatis /imulis agitatus1 eam de t]ris suis1 sive legibus et consuetud9ibus1 sive ornam5tis absque ju/a et necess>ia eidem ecclesi ratione et cl]icorum ass5sione1 m9or>i et decurt>e prsumps]it1 ab 8 omnibus suprascriptis ord9ibus mal$ictus1 et p]petu damnationis ana!mate circumseptus1 priusquam vita dec$at t]ribilissimi div9i exam9is judicio prosequ5te1 omnibus 9 commune tanti sacrilegii violator app>eat1 et 9 p]petuum cum ,juda traditore1 et ,h]ode1 ,pilato et ,caipha1 cunctisque sanct ecclesi adv]s>iis ignem t]num possideat1 semp]que cum diabolo et angelis ejus crucietur1 nec ullam 9 secula seculorum mis]icordi sc9tillam m]eatur1 nisi priusquam anima illa t5ebrosa de corpore exi]it resipu]it1 et ad satisfactionem v5]it4 ,fiat1 am54 ,& ! cl]gy 7 n want+ 9 _! endeavors to d honor to ! memory ( s noble a b5efactor4 ,z ! ,roman hi/orians & ! ,mantuan b>d concur 9 atte/+ ! v>i\s prodigies t =etold ! approa*+ end ( ,julius ,cs>1 s ! monki% *ronicl]s relate t e>? & sky unit$ 9 presag+ ! dea? ( ,ge(frey2 &1 ?\gh !y c\ld n succe$ 9 obta9+ = 8 "n admission into ! cal5d>1 !y w\ld all[ ( no d\bt z to 8 reception into heav52 ! details ( :i* 7 communicat$ 9 a vision to "o ( ! monks ( ,c]isy4--,!re appe>$ to me1 said ! monk1 a palace ( transc5d5t magnific5ce1 9 :i* a que5 0 seat$1 ( m ?an e>?ly beauty1 surr\nd$ by a num]\s c\rt2 &1 :ile ea* 9 8 turn 0 mak+ 8 obeisance1 sudd5ly a mess5g] arriv$1 exclaim+ al\d1 ',madam1 ,ge(frey1 bi%op ( ,c\tances1 is "h1 & is at ?is mom5t m\nt+ ! /eps ( ! palace4' ,no soon] 7 ! tid+s he>d1 ?an %e desc5d$ f h] seat to meet ! prelate2 &1 hav+ welcom$ him ) a mo/ graci\s salutation1 caus$ h] att5dants to disrobe him ( 8 cope & boots1 & !n1 tak+ ! veil f h] own head1 wip$ ! w\nds ^u 8 body1 &1 lead+ him by ! h&1 conduct$ him to h] room ( /ate1 & plac$ him ne> to h]self ^u ! ?rone4 ,! decease ( ! prelate1 :i* took place on ! foll[+ day1 left no d\bt z to ! int]pretation or ! inspiration ( ! vision4 ,( ! id5tity ( ! *ur* built by ,ge(frey ) t n[ /&+1 x is impossible to ent]ta9 a reasonable d\bt4 ,! details1 & !y are _m1 conta9$ 9 ! docum5t above quot$1 all correspond ) ! pres5t build+4 ,a /ill m decisive pro( is af=d$ by ! sil5ce ( succe$+ hi/orians1 :o c\ld nev] h pass$ unnotic$ s important a fact z ! rebuild+ ( a ca!dral1 ! repairs ( :i* !y h record$ on v>i\s occasions4 ,! pr9cipal ( ^! took place dur+ ! prelacy ( ,sylve/] de la ,corvelle1 & 7 occasion$ by ! w>s ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 9 ! c\rse ( :i*1 ! edifice incurr$ ! mo/ imm95t dang]1 & w\ld probably h be5 de/roy$ 9 #acef1 _h n ! timely arrival ( ! ,fr5* troops caus$ ! invad+ army to raise ! siege ( ! city4 ,a batt]+ ram1 us$ ^u t occasion1 0 /ill %ew$ 9 ,c\tances1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,! k+ ( ,france be/[$ ^u ! *apt]1 9 #acgb1 a sum ( six hundr$ livres1 9 gold1 = ! express purpose ( repair+ ! *ur*1 bellis attrit et imm9ut4 ,at t "t ! ,lady-,*apel 0 add$2 ! great w9d[s 7 ins]t$ 9 ! aisles2 ! ext]ior "p ( ! *oir t[>ds ! palace 0 built2 & a portion ( ! "w ( ! we/]n front1 betwe5 ! t[]s1 0 repair$1 & probably alt]$4 ,?is la/ has 9 p>ticul> t5d$ to mislead ! antiqu>y2--b to sum up ! acc\nt1 9 ! words ( ,m4 de ,g]ville1--,en y reg>dant plus att5tivem5t1 un antiquaire ex]c facilem5t dml]a l'anci5ne p>tie de l'difice1 qui e/ encore de beauc\p la plus considrable4 ,cette anci5ne p>tie (fre un modle bi5 c>actris de f5tres en lancettes4 ,c'e/ surt\t aux deux t\rs occid5tales qu'on en voit des plus troites4 ,celles de la t\r1 ou lant]ne1 sont gm9es4 ,ces lancettes1 que les antiquaires ,anglois rapport5t au regne de ,h5ry ,,ii4 se montr5t ici dans un difice antrieur ce pr9ce de prs d'un sicle2 et1 ce qui e/ encore plus surprnant1 elles y sont sans aucun mlange d'ar*itecture ,romane ou ,saxonne4#bab ,illu/ration3 ,plate #id4 ,,ca!dral ,,*ur* ,,( ,,notre ,,dame1 ,,at ,,c\tances4 ,elevation ( ! ,nave4 ,9 ! int]ior ( ! build+1 7plate n9ety-f\r7 ! same uni=mity ( /yle prevails z 9 ! ext]ior2 & if1 9 conjunction ) ! ca!dral ( ,c\tances1 be consid]$ t ( ,lisieux1 a contempor>y build+1 & s mu* alike 9 "*1 t x may reasonably be d\bt$ if !y 7 n ! production ( ! same ar*itect1 x w sc>cely be assum+ too mu*1 to say t ! date ( ! introduction ( ! po9t$ ar*itecture 9 ,france1 may safely be plac$ z e>ly z ! middle ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,,notes3 #bjd ,abrg de l',hi/oire des ,evques de ,c\tances1 p4 #dh4 #bje ,at t "t1 its l5g? 0 tw5ty-five leagues1 & its wid? t51 )\t compris+ ! isl&s ( ,gu]nsey & ,j]sey1 ov] :i* x /ill held a titul> sway4 ,9 x 7 includ$ ! di/rict ( ! ,ct5t92 ! city ( ,c\tances2 ! t[ns ( ,/4 ,lo1 ,granville1 ,c>5tan1 ,vallognes1 & ,*]b\rg2 tw5ty-f\r small] m>ket t[ns2 f\r ar*deaconries2 tw5ty-two rural dean]ies2 t5 abbeys2 tw5ty-f\r o!r conv5ts2 & five hundr$ & fifty p>i%es4 ,! *apt] consi/$ ( tw5ty-six canons & eight dignit>ies4 #bjf ,! foll[+ are ! words ( ,rob]tus ,c5alis ^u ?is subject3--,c>olo1 ,ludovici ,,xi4 g]mano1 quorundam proc]um pr9cipumque sugge/ione ducatum ,normanni non prec>io1 s$ vi imp5se ambi5te1 cum via sibi p] po/icum episcopalis domus ap]ta esset1 rex idcirco indignatus incolis qui a fide defec]ant1 cavit decreto suo 9 po5am crim9is1 quod funditus a solo ev]t]5tur civitatis mo5ia1 qu nulla vel pretii1 vel precum sollicitatione re/itui potu]unt4--,c5alis !n proce$s to say1--,habet 9 templi sui m$itullio m]ito suspici5dum spectaculum mir ar*itectur contextum1 e cujus abside si quis lapillum dejec]it1 nunquam a puncto designato ultra citrave dimovebitur in/> lat]n vitre 9 sublime erectum3 vitream arcem m]ito dix]is1 opus sane v5u/um et elegans4 ,urbem prt]ea insignit] ornat aquductus ad milli>is semissem1 +5ti imp5sa et op]a arcuatim suppositis =nicibus longo ductu prot5sus1 cujus artificii ope civitas alluitur et rigatur4 ,d5ique si mo5ibus conclusa =et1 quis vetet civitatem illam ,con/ant9opolim ,neu/ri m>itim appell>i6--,gallia ,*ri/iana1 p4 #hfc4 #bjg ,9 ! foll[+ "p ( ! description ( ! *ur* ( ,c\tances1 consid]able use has be5 made ( a manuscript diss]tation1 k9dly communicat$ by ,m4 de ,g]ville to ! au?or1 :o only lam5ts t ! limits ( ?is publication w\ld n all[ him to ins]t x entire4 #bjh ,among ! ,in/rum5ta ,ecclesi ,con/anti5sis1 p4 #bah4 #bji ,hujus tam5 temporibus incoepta et ex p>te con/ructa e/ ,con/anti5sis ecclesia1 fundante et coadjuvante ,gonorra comitissa1 auxiliantibus etiam canonicis1 r$itibus m$ietatis alt>is ad tempus op]i concessis1 coop]antibus quoque b>onibus et p>o*ianis fidelibus1 quod usque hodie conte/antur aliquot ipsorum nom9a insculpta lapidibus 9 ecclesi arcubus4--,gallia ,*ri/iana1 ,in/4 p4 #bah4 #baj ,anno igitur ,dom9ic ,inc>nationis1 ,,mxlviii4 duodecim tantum diebus ipsius anni re/antibus1 id e/ ,,iv idus ,aprilis1 indictione ,,ii1 v5]&us ,gaufridus po/ ,rob]tum ,con/anti5sis episcopus ,rotomagi consecratur1 nobilium b>onum prosapia ortus1 /atura proc]us1 vultu decorus1 prud5tia consilioque providus1 quanquam spissime curialibus negotiis regiisque obsecundationibus irretitus1 tam5 ad dificationem et increm5tum ecclesi su omni nisu et voluntate p] noctem erat et p] diem1 qui ut e&em ecclesiam celebrem gloriosamque re/itu]et1 9 ,apuliam et ,calabriam adire ,rob]tum cognom9e ,guis*>dum p>o*ianum suum1 aliosque b>ones consangu9eos suos1 et alumnos1 et notos p]egre pr(ectus1 multum 9 auro1 et arg5to1 et gemmis1 et palliis v>iisque diviti>um don>iis acquisivit1 tresque asportavit phialas pl5as puro opobalsamo1 aliaque pretiosissima quibus po/ea prfatam ecclesiam intus et extus locupletavit1 majoremque crucifixum l>gis sumtibus et tempore longo con/ruxit4 ,cum autem non hab]et 9 civitate1 sive 9 suburbio tantum possessionis ecclesia1 ubi man]et episcopus1 vel proprius equus ejus posset /abul>i1 s$ neque propriam domum1 nisi quoddam app5dicium humile1 quod p5debat de p>ietibus ecclesi1 ipse prud5tia sua et probitate val5tiorem m$ietatem civitatis1 suburbii1 et telonei1 et vectigalis1 cum mol5d9is et multa ,grimoldi viaca a ,guillelmo invictissimo duce ,normannorum1 po/ea quoque glorioso rege ,anglorum trec5tis libris comp>avit et acquietavit4 ,po/ea v]o episcopalem aulam et reliquas (fic9as con/ruxit1 virgultum et v9eam non modicam plantavit1 capitium navis ecclesi cum area1 et h9c inde duo majora capitia nobiliora et ampliora con/ruxit4 ,duas turres po/]iores a fundam5tis1 t]tiamque supra *orum op]e spectabili sublimavit1 9 quibus classicum consonans et pretiosum imposuit1 et hc omnia plumbo coop]uit4--,gallia ,*ri/iana1 ,in/4 p4 #bah4 #baa ,! in/rum5t1 above quot$1 ab\nds 9 examples ( ?is _s4 ,among ! re/1 aft] detail+ at l5g? v>i\s e/ates :i* he _h pur*as$ or obta9$ z pres5ts = ! enri*+ ( 8 *ur*1 x proce$s to say1--,ct]um ornam5ta ecclesia/ica et u/5cilia1 calices1 cruces1 capsas1 phylact]ia1 c&elabra1 ?uribula1 bac9os1 siculam et ampullas aurea contulit et arg5tea1 casulas quoque1 dalmaticas1 tunicas1 planetas1 albas1 cappas mirifici op]is1 necnon dorsalia s]ica et lanea1 cort9as et tapeta1 s$ et biblio!cas1 passionales1 omeli>es1 missales aureis litt]is duos suffici5tesque et compet5tes libros subrogavit3 sup] hc omnia pretiosum famosumque cl]um1 quo nihil pretiosius 9 ecclesia et utilius 9 (ficium et s]vitium div9i cultus delegavit1 septemque canonicos quos episcopus ,hugo ,rotomagi 9 ecclesia ,s4 ,laudi irregul>it] con/itu]at1 apo/olica auctoritate ecclesi matri revocavit1 itemque duos alios adjecit4 ,cantorem quoque1 et succ5torem1 et rectorem s*ol>um1 et cu/odes ecclesi1 cl]icos quoque prb5d>ios1 aurifabros1 fabrumque f]r>ium1 c>p5t>ios et magi/rum coem5t>ium 9 opus ecclesi con/ituit4 ,o virum prud5tem et domui su b5e prsid5tem1 qui de vivis et electis lapidibus domum suam composuit1 et mirabilibus columnis eam su/5tavit6--,gallia ,*ri/iana1 ,in/4 p4 #bai4 #bab ,! foll[+ rem>ks ^u ! ar*itecture ( ! ca!dral ( ,c\tances1 transcrib$ f ! j\rnal ( a mo/ able fri5d ( ! au?or's1 _c fail to be acceptable to ! read]3--,! ca!dral is mo/ s+ul> 9 its aspect4 ,x is po9t$ ?r\gh\t1 except ! circul> ar*es 9 ! vault+ ov] ! side-*apels1 & "o or two segm5ts ( circles :i* =m ! door-ways1 )9 ! por*es on ! nor? & s\? sides4 ,x is really a difficult task to come at any conclusion respect+ ! ra ( ! build+1 f an inspection ( x4 ,if x is ( ! ,norman age1 !n ! po9t$ /yle arose at once f a transfusion ( ,arabian or ,t>t>ian ar*itecture4 ,! :ole is ( a piece1 complete 9 conception & execution2 & !re are no int]sect+ ar*es f :i* a po9t$ ar* may h aris54 ,! circles 9 ! sp&rils are 9 ! same ori5tal /yle z at ,bayeux4 ,! peculi>ities ( ! ca!dral are--! side-por*es close beh9d ! t[]s2 ! scre5s ( mullion$ trac]y1 :i* divide ! side-*apels2 & ! excessive height ( ! *oir1 :i*1 hav+ no tri=ium1 has only a balu/rade j be=e ! cl]e/ory w9d[s4 ,! c5tre t[] is wond]fully f9e 9 ! ext]ior3 x is app>5tly an expansion ( ! pla9 ,norman lant]n1 z at ,ca52 b mo/ airy & graceful4 ,!re is a d\ble aisle r\nd ! ambit & alt>s are plac$ 9 ! bays1 z if !y 7 di/9ct *apels1 = :i* purpose !y 7 orig9ally int5d$2 b ! l9e cont9ues unbrok54 ,! p]spective ( ^! aisles1 & also ( ! *oir1 se5 f ! ,lady-,*apel1 is v f9e4 ,! r\nd pill>s ( ! *oir are d\ble1 z at ,cant]bury & ,s5lis4 ,! apsis is half a duodecagon4 ,! po9t$ w9d[s above are 9 two lancet divisions1 surm\nt$ by a trefoil2 b ! divid+ masonry is n a mullion3 x is ! unp]=at$ "p ( ! wall4 ,?is p]haps is arabesque4 ,!re is a second ar* )91 :i* is really divid$ by a mullion or small pill>4 ,a curi\s leaf projects above4 ,"s ( ! pa9t$ glass is 9 ! olde/ /yle3 disp]s$ patt]ns 9 a black outl9e1 on a grey gr\nd4 ,9 a side-*apel are pa9t$ tiles1 br[n & yell[ z usual1 display+ knots & armorial be>+s4 ,9 ! same *apel are fresco pa9t+s3 _m m are on ! ea/ side ( ! wall t divides ! la/ *oir-aisle f ! s\? transept4 ,!y repres5t ,/4 ,mi*ael & ! ,devil1 ! ,deity betwe5 angels1 c4 ,9 all ( !m1 ! outl9e is =m$ by a ?ick black l9e4 ,,plate ,,xcv4 ,,& ,,xcvi4 ,,m\nt ,,/4 ,,mi*ael4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ie4 ,,m\nt ,,/4 ,,mi*ael4 ,on ! approa* f ,pontorson4 ,religion1 hi/ory1 poetry1 & pa9t+1 h all unit$ 9 giv+ celebrity to ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt4 ,! extraord9>y sanctity ( its mona/]y1 ! /rik+ peculi>ities ( its =m & situation1 & ! importance acquir$ by ! _m sieges x support$1 or ! almo/ endless pilgrimages x receiv$1 h s ende>$ x to ! man ( ta/e & ! philosoph]1 t sc>cely a spot is to be f\nd 9 ,europe1 m g5]ally kn[n1 or m univ]sally int]e/+4 ,! leg5d>y mi/ ) :i* ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt is n[ d5sely involv$1 has cont9u$1 f a p]iod ( remote antiquity1 to float ar\nd its summit4 ,tradition delights 9 relat+ h[1 9 times prior to ! ,*ri/ian ra1 x 0 devot$ to ! wor%ip ( ! great lum9>y ( heav51 "u 8 ,gallic "n ( ,bel5us1#bac a title probably d]iv$ f ! ,hebrew ,baal1 & ! ,assyrian ,belus4 ,! same tradition rec\nts h[1 at a m rec5t epo*1 x re>$ its maje/ic head1 embosom$ 9 a spaci\s tract ( woods & ?ickets1 :ile ! h]mits :o _h fix$ !mselves ^u its summits1 receiv$ _! daily bread f ! *>ity ( ! prie/ ( ! neighbor+ p>i% ( ,beauvoir2 an ass spontane\sly und]tak+ ! (fice ( convey+ x to !m1 till on ! road he fell a prey to a wolf1 :o 0 !n con/ra9$ by ,provid5ce to devote himself to ! same pi\s labor4 ,at l5g?1 ab\t ! ye> #gji1 x 0 decre$ t ! rock %\ld at once *ange its designation & its patron4 ,to ! cl\ds ( ,paganism1 succe$$ ! sun ( ,*ri/ianity2 & ! orig9al hea!n appellation1 ,tumba1 0 replac$ by "o ( ! mo/ elevat$ names ( holy writ4 ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ! *ief ( ! angels & ( ! ho/ ( heav51 ! protector ( ! ,hebrew synagogue ( yore1 z n[ ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*1 ! conqu]or ( ! old s]p5t1 & ! lead] ( s\ls to heav51 condesc5d$ to be wor%ipp$ "h ^u ! we/]n coa/1 z on ,m\nt ,g>ganus 9 ! ea/1 & ) ?is view appe>$ to ,/4 ,aub]t1 !n bi%op ( ,avran*es1 comm&+ him to erect a *ur* to 8 honor ^u ! m\nt4 ,ano!r leg5d relates1 h[ !re _h previ\sly exi/$ ^u ! same spot1 a religi\s edifice1 :i* _h pass$ "u ! "n ( ! ,mona/]ium ad duas ,tumbas1 be+ equally appropriat$ to ! adjo9+ rock ( ,tombele9e4 ,h[ev] ?is may h be51 x is admitt$ on all sides t a *ur* 0 built1 & t ! hill knew !nce=? no o!r "n ?an t ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt2 ?\gh ,aub]t1 t>dy 9 8 belief1 _h refus$ to obey ! injunction1 till x _h be5 repeat$ ?ree sev]al times1 ^u ! la/ ( :i*1 ! ar*angel t\*$ ! head ( ! sa9t1 & left impr9t$ 9 8 skull ! m>ks ( 8 f+]s1 :i* ! au?or1 "h quot$1 relates t he himself saw1 to 8 great delight1 9 ! ye>s #afab & #afda4 ,to ! miracul\s vision1 succe$$ o!r occurr5ces ( simil> import4 ,a te!r$ bull po9t$ out ! spot :]e ! holy edifice %\ld be erect$1 & at ! same "t circumscrib$ its limits2 a rock1 t oppos$ ! progress ( ! workm51 & 0 immoveable by human art1 spontane\sly )drew at ! t\* ( an infant's foot2 & ! e>? op5+1 on be+ /ruck ) ,/4 ,aub]t's /aff1 gave bir? to a spr+ ( wat]1 at once ( ! utmo/ use to ! inhabitants1 & gift$ ) ! mo/ sanative p[]s4 ,at ab\t ! same p]iod also1 ! sea +ulph$ ! neighbor+ =e/s1#bad insulat+ ! rock2 s t ?ree mess5g]s1 :o _h be5 dispat*$ to ,m\nt ,g>ganus1 !nce to br+ a portion ( r$ clo?1 ! gift ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 toge!r ) a fragm5t ( ! /one on :i* he himself _h sate1 f\nd on _! return ! aspect ( ?+s s *ang$1 t !y ?\ght !y mu/ h ent]$ into a new _w4 ,hi/ory1 f ?is p]iod1 assumes a "* ( comp>ative au!nticity4 ,! ,norman conque/ ?reat5$ = a:ile ! ext9ction ( ,*ri/ianity3 ! baptism ( ,rollo1 rek9dl+ its dy+ emb]s1 made !m blaze =? ) a light & w>m? unkn[n be=e4 ,! duke himself1 on ! f\r? day aft] he _h pres5t$ himself at ! holy font1 end[$ ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 !n /yl$ ecclesiam 9 p]iculo m>is supra montem positam4--,no fur!r m5tion occurs ( ! conv5t1 dur+ ! reign ( ?is mon>*1 or ( 8 son1 ,william ,longue-,epe2 b _! imm$iate successor1 ,ri*>d ,i4 amply aton$ = any neglect on _! "p4 ,he built1 accord+ to ,dudo ( ,/4 ,qu5t91 a *ur* ( wondr\s size1 toge!r ) spaci\s build+s1 = a body ( monks ( ! ,b5$ict9e ord]1 :om he e/abli%$ !re 9 #ihh1 displac+ ! regul> canons1 ^: irregul> lives _h be5 ! subject ( mu* sc&al4 ,?is munific5ce on ! "p ( ,ri*>d1 has ev5 caus$ him to be reg>d$ by "s writ]s z ! f\nd] ( ! conv5t4--,8 son & successor1 ( ! same "n1 select$ ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt1 z ! favor$ spot1 :]e1 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 reign1 he receiv$ ! h& ( ! fair ,judi?1 si/] to ,ge(frey1 "o ( ! pr9cipal c\nts ( ,brittany4 ,an opportunity 0 almo/ imm$iately aft]w>ds af=d$ him ( te/ify+ at once 8 lib]ality & 8 devotion1 z well z 8 love2 =1 on ! fir/ ye> ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ! *ur*1 :i* _h !n be5 complet$ only five ye>s1 0 burn$ to ! gr\nd4 ,! pr9ce1 h[ev]1 appe>s to h be5 some:at t>dy on ! occasion2 no attempt 0 made t[>ds replac+ ! loss1 till ,hildeb]t ,,ii4 succe$$ z abbot4 ,dur+ 8 prelacy1 9 #ajbb1 ! f\ndations ( a new *ur* 7 laid1 ^u a /ill m ext5sive scale4--,tw5ty-six ye>s m 7 suff]$ to elapse1 & ! abbatial mitre _h adorn$ ! br[s ( f\r successive abbots1 :5 ,ralph de ,beaumont witness$ ! completion ( ! "w4 ,! *ur* !n built is expressly /at$ by ! au?ors ( ! ,gallia ,*ri/iana1 to be ! same z 0 9 exi/5ce at ! "t ( ! publication ( t "w2#bae & ,m4 de ,g]ville confirms _! rem>k by 8 own p]sonal obs]vation1 at lea/ z f> z relates to ! nave4 ,?is inde$ has be5 %ort5$ ( late2 b he is p]suad$1 t :atev] /ill rema9s is really ( ! ar*itecture ( ! days ( ,duke ,ri*>d4--,rob]t1 ! foll[+ duke1 repair$ to ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt1 to sup]9t5d 8 =ces1 ^u ! occasion ( ! revolt ( ,ala91 ,c\nt ( ,dol2 & x 0 hi!r1 also1 t ! ar*bi%op ( ,r\5 br\ght ! humbl$ c\nt1 to make 8 peace ) 8 (f5d$ sov]eign4--,at ! p]iod ( ! conque/1 ! monks ( ,/4 ,mi*ael furni%$ six transports t[>ds t ev5tful exp$ition2 & :51 aft] ! dea? ( ,william1 ! dom9ion ov] ! m\nt pass$ by pur*ase f ,rob]t to ,h5ry1 !y di/+ui%$ !mselves by _! atta*m5t to _! new sov]eign1 :o "h support$ a siege on ! "p ( 8 two eld] bro!rs1 & 0 f9ally driv5 to surr5d] only by fam9e4 ,! eld] ( ^! bro!rs1 at an advanc$ p]iod ( 8 life1 re-visit$ ! *ur* 9 a f> diff]5t guise2 &1 to dis*>ge 8 v[s to ! ar*angel = 8 safe return f ! crusade1 pro/rat$ himself be=e ! %r9e :i* he _h er/ assault$ ) ! fury ( 8 arms4--,! ye> #aaeh 01 almo/ above e o!r1 memorable 9 ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt4 ,h5ry ,plantag5et1 :o1 two ye>s be=e1 _h !re receiv$ ! homage ( 8 subjects ( ,brittany1 !n return$ 9 pilgrim we$s1 accompani$ by ,l\is ,,vii4 ^: repudiat$ wife1 ,eleanor ( ,aquita9e1 he _h m>ri$2 & ! two mon>*s1 att5d$ by a num]\s ?rong ( secul> nobility1 z well z by sev]al c>d9als1 ar*bi%ops1 & bi%ops1 kneel$ 9 amity at ! holy alt>4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ! ill-/>r$ ,john1 ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt pass$1 9 common ) ! re/ ( ,norm&y1 "u ! sceptre ( ,france1 & suff]$ sev]ely ^u ! occasion4 ,guy ( ,?\>s1 !n 9 alliance ) ,philip-,augu/us1 advanc$ aga9/ x at ! head ( an army ( ,britons2 &1 exp]i5c+ on ! "p ( ! inhabitants b a feeble resi/ance1 set fire to ! palisades1 ! pr9cipal def5ce ( ! place4 ,! flames communicat$ to ! h\ses2 & ! *ur* also fell a prey to !m4 ,to use ! words ( ,brito1 vis ignea sursm ,sc&it1 et ecclesi decus omne1 locumque sacratum1 ,resque mona/]ii cremat insatiabilis omnes4 ,philip lam5t$ ! injury1 & did all 9 8 p[] to repair x2 b1 consid]+ t "o great s\rce ( ! mis=tunes ( ! holy place _h sprung f ! impiety ( ! ,anglo-,norman mon>*s1 9 plac+ _! tru/ 9 ramp>ts made by human h&s1 r ?an 9 ! protection ( ! ar*angel1 he levell$ ) ! gr\nd ! few works ( def5ce t rema9$4#baf ,8 pi\s successor1 ! sa9t$ ,l\is1 0 f> f ent]ta9+ a simil> feel+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 8 devotion l$ him to ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 aft] return+ f 8 un=tunate exp$ition to ,damietta1 ! *ronicles expressly /ate1 t he plac$1 ) 8 own h&1 a consid]able sum ( money ^u ! alt>1 = ! purpose ( repair+ ! =tifications4 ,& x appe>s probable t1 at a p]iod n v di/ant1 ! money ?us exp5d$ /ood ! cr[n ( ,france 9 good /ead2 =1 dur+ ! w> at ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt 0 ! only place t successfully resi/$ ! ,engli% arms4 ,! siege x support$ ^u t occasion1 is "o ( ! few brilliant ev5ts t give lu/re to a p]iod ( ,fr5* hi/ory1 g5]ally d>k & gloomy4 ,two cannon1 ( prodigi\s size1 con/ruct$ = ! dis*>ge ( /one balls1 above a foot 9 diamet]1 te/ify to ! pres5t mom5t ! h]oic def5ce ( ! g>rison1 & ! defeat ( ! assailants4 ,at a subsequ5t p]iod ( ,fr5* hi/ory1 dur+ ! times :5 p>ty1 "u ! mask ( pi\s zeal1 delug$ ! k+dom ) blood1 & virtu\s m5 ( e cre$ jo9$ 9 ! lam5tation1 t tantum ,religio potuit suad]e malorum1 ! ,hugu5ots made _m & mo/ brave & memorable1 ?\gh va91 attempts to r5d] !mselves ma/]s ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt4 ,f t "t =w>d1 ! rock has be5 suff]$ to cont9ue 9 tranquillity1 ?\gh /ill reta9+ its "* z a =tification4 ,its designation ( late has be5 a dep>tm5tal prison3 dur+ ! reign ( t]ror1 x 0 appli$ to ! disgraceful purpose ( s]v+ z a receptacle = ?ree hundr$ ecclesia/ics1 ^: age or infirmities w\ld n all[ ( _! be+ transport$2 & :o1 ) cruel mock]y1 7 inc>c]at$ )9 ! walls1 long gladd5$ ) ! com=ts1 dignifi$ ) ! pomp1 & sanctifi$ ) ! hol9ess ( religion4 ,prison]s ( importance1 especially ^? *>g$ ) crimes aga9/ ! /ate1 7 *iefly conf9$ "h be=e ! revolution1 :5 ! iron cage1 & ! vaults1 kn[n by ! om9\s names ( ! ,oubliettes1 or ! ,9 ,pace1 gave ! m\nt a melan*oly notoriety4 ,9 ?is %ort outl9e ( ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt1 m5tion has be5 repeat$ly made ( ,fr5* sov]eigns :o h proce$$ ?i!r 9 pilgrimage4 ,! task 7 long to enum]ate all ^? pr9ces & mon>*s :o di/+ui%$ x ) ?is m>k ( _! v5]ation4 ,b !re is "o o!r in/ance too important 9 its consequ5ces to be pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce4 ,l\is ,,xi4 aft] hav+ expell$ ! rebelli\s ,britons f ,norm&y 9 #adfc1 n cont5t ) pay+ 8 devotions to ! ar*angel at 8 %r9e1 & be/[+ ^u ! monks a donation ( six hundr$ cr[ns ( gold1 s5t !m ! image ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 toge!r ) ! gold5 *a9 t he _h himself worn ^u 8 neck2 & direct$ t ! ?ree escalop %ells1 =m]ly borne ^u ! abbatial %ield1 %\ld be enri*$ by ! addition ( f\r o!rs1 & ?ree lilies4 ,nor satisfi$ ) ?is1 he1 six ye>s aft]w>ds1 /ill fur!r te/ifi$ 8 devotion1 by v>i\s privileges grant$ to ! community1 & by ! in/itution ( ! noble milit>y ord] ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1#bag ^: coll> 0 compos$ ( silv] escalop %ells1 :ile ! m$al bore a repres5tation ( ! ar*angel trampl+ ^u ! dragon1 ) ! leg5d1 ,imm5si tremor oceani4--,ev5 9 ?is enlight5$ age1 ! conc\rse ( pilgrims to ! m\nt is by no means at an end3 !y are /ill to be se5 repair+ to ! *ur*2 &1 if ! female ,druids h ceas$ = _m a c5tury to sell to ! sailors _! en*ant$ arr[s1 ( p[] to /ill ! angry ocean1 :5 hurl$ into its waves by a maid5 h&1 ! ,py?onesses ( ! pres5t day f9d a no less pl5tiful s\rce ( emolum5t 9 _! *aplets1 & ros>ies1 & crosses1 & m$als1 ( ,/4 ,mi*ael4 ,! annals ( ! _w ab\nd 9 details ( ! *anges ( =m & feature :i* sup]/ition has assum$ 9 diff]5t ages2 b x is humiliat+ to human nature to reflect1 t ! conque/s obta9$ by philosophy ov] h] great adv]s>y1 are 9 reality v small4 ,sup]/ition1 l ! fabl$ ,proteus1 appe>s "u an endless v>iety ( =ms2 b %e is also1 l ! god1 /ill "o & ! same4 ,! li/ ( abbots ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt1 conta9s names ( ! highe/ consequ5ce 9 ,france3 ! ,c>d9al d',e/\teville1 & ! /ill m illu/ri\s ,c>d9al de ,joyeuse1 ,h5ry ( ,lorra9e1 son ( ! ,duke de ,guise1 & ,*>les ,maurice1 ( ! noble family ( ,broglio1 h1 9 times comp>atively mod]n1 presid$ ov] ! community4 ,! privileges & honor>y di/9ctions atta*$ to ! (fice1 7 also consid]able4 ,! names ( ! sup]iors ( ! mona/]y /& record$ on v>i\s occasions1 z m5 select$ = important tru/s2 & !y 7 =mally emp[]$1 by a bull ( ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii4 dat$ f ,avignon1 to be/[ ! b5$iction1 ev5 9 ! *ur* ( ,avran*es1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( ! bi%op or ! metropolitan himself1 & to we> ! mitre1 & all o!r episcopal insignia4 ,! p[]s & immunities ( ! conv5t 7 likewise ext5sive & important4 ,its annual income 0 e/imat$ by ! au?or ( ! ,ali5 ,priories1 9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 at =ty ?\s& livres2 b x is at ! same "t /at$ 9 t "w1 t1 at an e>li] p]iod1 x 0 f> m consid]able4 ,among ! transm>9e possessions ( ! abbey1 0 its namesake 9 ,cornwall1 :i* 0 annex$ to x by ,rob]t1 ,e>l ( ,moreton & ,cornwall1 be=e ! ye> #ajhe1 & 0 also r5[n$ = its sanctity at a v remote epo*4 ,! co9cid5ce 9 =m & situation betwe5 ! two is mo/ rem>kable4 ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt1 9 ,norm&y1 is situat$ ne> ! extremity ( ! prov9ce1 t[>ds ,brittany2 to ! s\? ( ,granville1 ! s\?-we/ ( ,avran*es1 & ! nor? ( ,pontorson & ,dol4 ,x is a conical mass ( granite1 :i*1 f a base ( ab\t "o-f\r? ( a league 9 circumf]5ce1 t[]s to ! height ( above f\r hundr$ feet1 includ+ ! build+s t cr[n its summit4 ,x /&s insulat$ & alone1 except ! neighbor+ rock ( ,tombele9e1 9 ! mid/ ( a dre>y level ( :ite s&1 t pres5ts a surface ( m ?an twelve squ>e leagues1 ext5d+ on all sides1 almo/ z f> z ! eye c rea*1 & unv>i$1 unless :]e x is int]sect$ ) bran*es ( diff]5t riv]s4 ,! :ole ( ?is space is at high wat] entirely cov]$ ) ! sea1 :ile ! rec$+ tide leaves x b>e2 yet /ill s1 t x is difficult & dang]\s to trav]se x )\t a guide4 ,! base ( ! m\nt is surr\nd$ ) high ?ick walls1 flank$ ) semi-circul> t[]s all ma*icolat$1 & ba/ions4 ,t[>ds ! we/ & nor?1 its sides pres5t only /eep1 black1 b>e1 po9t$ rocks3 ! portions t lie 9 an opposite direction1 incl9e 9 a comp>atively easy slope1 & are cov]$ ) h\ses t foll[ 9 successive l9es1 leav+ b a scanty space = "s small g>d5s1 9 :i* ! v9e1 ! fig-tree1 & ! almond1 fl\ri% 9 great luxuriance4 ,! walls ( ! ca/ellat$ abbey imp5d1 & jut out 9 bold decid$ masses2 & ! :ole is cr[n$ by ! florid *oir ( ! abbey *ur*4 ,! ar*itects ( ! latt] "t seem$ to h wi%$ to adapt ?is glori\s build+ to its site4 ,all its divisions ( p>ts1 w9d[s1 & p9nacles1 are n>r[] & m l(ty ?an usual2 & ! projections are bold]1 s z to be di/9ctly visible f bel[4 ,! /rang] is admitt$ to ! m\nt by a gate1 ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xii4 or ,francis ,i4 ,he proce$s along ! walls1 :i* cont9ue lead+ upw>ds2 &1 trav]s+ desolate t[]s1 & /aircases above /aircases1 hang+ on ! sides ( ! rock1 all =lorn1 grassy1 & m\ld]+1 he is conduct$ to ! gate ( ! abbey4 ,! outside ( ! fir/ gate-way has r\nd t[]s3 ! second has a po9t$ ar*4 ,"o pile ( build+s has a r[ ( small ar*es r\nd ! top4 ,! pres5t population ( ! t[n am\nts to ab\t two hundr$ & fifty inhabitants1 :o d]ive _! *ief support f ! fi%]y4 ,( ! *ur* itself1 a view is giv5 9 ! ,bayeux tape/ry2 rude inde$1 b curi\s1 z coeval4--,! foll[+ is a %ort *ronological summ>y ( ! pr9cipal ev5ts connect$ ) ! build+3-- ,9 #aajc1 ! ro( fell 91 & involv$ 9 its ru9s a portion ( ! dormitory4 ,t5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 on ! tw5ty-?ird ( ,april1 #aaac1 ! lightn+ set fire to ! abbey1 :i* 0 :olly consum$1 except ! crypt & ! great columns ( ! nave1 & "s o!r p>ts ( ! *ur*4 ,rog]1 !n abbot1 repair$ ! injury1 rebuild+ ! refectory & ! dormitory1 & ! spl5did ap>tm5t1 call$ ! ,knights' ,hall4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #if4 ,,m\nt ,,/4 ,,mi*ael4 ,int]ior ( ! ,knights' ,hall4 ,b]n>d1 :o 0 abbot f #aace to #aadj1 rebuilt ! nor? "p ( ! *ur*1 & erect$ ! t[] betwe5 ! nave & ! *oir4 ,( ! works done at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 9 consequ5ce ( ! injuries receiv$ by ! *ur* dur+ ! w>s ( ,philip-,augu/us1 no p>ticul>s are pres]v$4 ,x is only said 9 g5]al t]ms1 t !y 7 consid]able4 ,ri*>d ,tur/91 abbot 9 #abge1 began build+s ^u an ext5sive scale1 betwe5 ! extremity ( ! cloi/]s & ! b>racks4 ,on ! ?irte5? ( ,july1 #acjj1 ! lightn+ aga9 /ruck ! *ur*1 & great "p ( x 0 burn$1 & ! bells melt$1 & _m h\ses 9 ! t[n r$uc$ to a%es4 ,! *apel ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ 0 add$ by ,john ,de la ,porte1 ! tw5ty-sev5? abbot1 :o di$ 9 #accd4 ,9 #acej1 a fre% injury 0 su/a9$ f a tempe/2 b s great 0 ! zeal employ$ 9 repair+ x1 t ! mona/]y is said to h be51 a v %ort "t subsequ5tly1 9 a bett] /ate ?an x _h almo/ ev] be5 be=e3 x rais$ its head1 h[ev]1 above ^! mis=tunes1 only to exp]i5ce new ones1 & f ! same s\rce1 9 #acgj4 ,! damage 0 !n great]1 b 0 soon repair$2 & ! *apel ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e 0 erect$4 ,?is happ5$ dur+ ! prelacy ( ,ge(frey de ,s]v94 ,pet] le ,roy1 ! foll[+ abbot1 is rank$ among ! greate/ b5efactors to ! conv5t3 no "o contribut$ m to ! diffusion ( its fame1 or ! increase ( le>n+ )9 its prec9cts2 b he does n appe> to h done any ?+ to its build+s4 ,8 successor1 ,rob]t ,jolivet1 surr\nd$ ! m\nt ) ! walls & t[]s t n[ rema91 ) ! view ( def5d+ x aga9/ ! ,engli%1 :om he aft]w>ds jo9$4 ,9 #adba1 ! :ole ro( ( ! *oir fell 94 ,! f\ndations ( ! new *oir1 ! rema9s ( :i* are n[ /&+1 7 laid by ! ,c>d9al d',e/\teville1 9 #adeb2 & he cont9u$ ! "w till 8 dea?1 :i* happ5$ ?irty ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,dur+ 8 prelacy1 ! *apels ( ! *oir 7 complet$1 & ro($ ) lead2 & ! *oir & ! columns t surr\nd ! high alt>1 7 rais$ to ! height ( ! *apels4 ,9 #aeji1 ano!r accid5t arose f lightn+3 ! /eeple1 & ! bells1 & ! wood-"w ( ! nave1 7 de/roy$2 b ! damage 0 soon repair$ by ,william de ,lamps1 !n abbot1 :o also built ! abbatial palace & alms-h\se1 & rais$ ! "p ( ! *ur* t 0 unf9i%$1 z high z ! second ti] ( w9d[s4--,! *oir 0 complet$ "u ! prelacy ( 8 bro!r1 ,john de ,lamps1 :o 0 next b "o to him 9 ! succession1 & wore ! mitre f #aeac to #aebc4 ,f t "t =w>d1 till ! p]iod ( ! revolution1 ! abbacy ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt 0 held 9 comm5dam2 & ! abbots1 reg>dless ( a *>ge 9 :i* !y did n feel !mselves p]sonally conc]n$1 ceas$ to be/[ c>e or exp5se ^u ! build+s4 ,"s ( !m ev5 refus$ to d ! necess>y repairs2 & m ?an "o in/ance is on record1 :]e !y resi/$ ! decrees ( ! ,norman p>liam5t to t effect4 ,f ! prec$+ details1 x w easily be imag9$1 t ! *ur* ^u ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt c sc>cely fail to pres5t a m$ley ( diff]5t k9ds ( ar*itecture4 ,two1 h[ev]1 pr$om9ate3 9 ! *oir1 :i* 0 f9i%$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 all is po9t$ & l(ty3 ! naves & transepts are ,norman4 ,b5ea? are crypts1 :i* ext5d "u e "p ( ! *ur*1 support$ ^u %ort columns ) capitals ( foliage1 c4 ! ar*es mo/ly ribb$1 & circul>4 ,! %ort5+ ( ! nave has de/roy$ ! we/]n front4 ,! cloi/]1 accord+ to ! obs]vations ( a fri5d ( ! au?or1 is /rangely moresque 9 its appe>ance4 ,! position ( ! pill>s 9 x he reg>ds z q unique4 ,! ,knights' ,hall1 7see plate n9ety-six17 is an ar*$ *amb]1 n9ety-eight feet 9 l5g?1 by sixty-eight 9 wid?1 noble & *ur*-l 9 its aspect4 ,its gro9$ /one ro( re/s ^u eighte5 cyl9drical columns1 ) bases & capitals2 ! latt]1 9 v high relief1 ( beautiful design & delicate execution4 ,,notes3 #bac ,x may be all[$1 t ?is idea receives a c]ta9 degree ( confirmation f ! pres5t "n ( ! neighbor+ rock1 ,tombele9e1 ! natural d]ivation ( :i* appe>s to be ,tumba ,bel5i4 #bad ,! tradition ( ! m\nt speaks ( ! mon/] t haunt$ ! dr[n$ =e/2 & :5 ! au?or's fri5d1 ,mr4 ,coh51 visit$ ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt 9 #ahai1 8 guide1 ,jacques ,du ,pont1 ref]r$ to ! subject1 & call$ ! bea/ a mon/] ( a ,turk t ate ! ,*ri/ians4 ,! figure repres5t$ on ! wrapp] ( ?is "w1 0 po9t$ out z a figure ( ! id5tical mon/]4 ,x 0 =m]ly on ! outside ( ! wall 9 a ni*e2 x is n[ j )9 ! gate4 ,!re1 said ,jacques1 look at 8 tee? & 8 claws2 h[ savage he is4--,! tradition is c]ta92 b ! image is no?+ m ?an a griff9 grasp+ a %ield *>g$ ) an armorial be>+2 its date #ae44 #bae ,a4 ,d4 #agei4 #baf ,( old1 says ,brito1 ! place 444444 satis angelicis gaudebat tutus hab]i ,prsidiis1 nullo disp5dia tempore passus2 ,at simul dificans muros ibi cura ,johannis ,prtulit humanas vires coele/ibus armis1 ,quemque tuebatur coele/i milite ,*ri/us1 ,munivit sacrum humano munim9e montem1 ,ex tunc causa loco p]eundi inv5ta sacrato4 ,! au?or goes on to add1 t ! k+ 444444 ne fiat eis de9ceps injuria talis1 ,prcipit ut p]eat munitio toto ,johannis2 ,et sua militi coele/i ca/ra resignans1 ,humanis bonus excubiis locra sacra resignat1 ,l>gifluque manu mona*os juvat 9 r5ov&o ,s>ta tecta1 libros1 et ct]a qu furor ignis ,solv]at 9 c9]em1 qu nobiliore p>atu ,qum pris extit]ant jam re/aurata videmus4 ,phillip4 lib4 #h1 l4 #aad4 #bag ,9 ! preamble ( ! /atutes ( ?is ord]1 ! mon>* expresses himself 9 ! foll[+ t]ms--,n\s1 la gloire de ,dieu1 notre crateur ,t\t-puissant1 et revr5ce de glorieuse ,vi]ge ,m>ie1 et en l'honneur de ,monseigneur ,/4-,mi*el ,ar*ange1 premi] ,*evali]1 qui p\r la qu]elle de ,dieu1 d'e/oc et de taille1 se battit contre l'ennemi dang]eux de l'huma9 lignage1 et du ,ciel le trbu*a1 et qui en son lieu et oratoire appell ,mont-,/4 ,mi*el a t\j\rs p>ticulirem5t g>d1 prs]v et df5du1 sans tre pris1 subjugu1 ni mis s ma9s des anci5s ennemis de notre royaume1 et af9 que t\s bons et nobles c\rages soi5t excits et plus p>ticulirem5t mus t\tes v]tueuses oeuvres2 le #a;er4 j\r d',aot de l'an #adfi avons cr1 in/itu et ordonn1 et p> ces prs5tes crons1 con/ituons et ordonnons un ,ordre de frat]nit ou amiable compagnie de c]ta9 nombre de ,*evali]s1 jusqu' tr5te six1 lequel n\s v\lons tre nomm l',ordre de ,sa9t-,mi*el4 ,,plate ,,xcvii4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,c]isy4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ig4 ,,abbey ,,*ur* ,,( ,,c]isy4 ,int]ior ( ! ,*oir4 ,c]isy1 a small m>ket-t[n1 ^u ! road lead+ f ,bayeux to ,/4 ,lo1 & equally di/ant ab\t f\r leagues f ea* ( ^? places1 is :olly indebt$ to its abbey = ! celebrity x has enjoy$4 ,9 ! secul> hi/ory ( ! du*y1 its "n occurs ^u only two occasions4 ,! "l ( ,c]isy is enum]at$ among ! companions 9 arms ( ,rob]t1 son ( ! ,conqu]or1 9 8 exp$ition to ! ,holy ,l&1 9 #ajji2 & ! abbot ( ,c]isy 0 "o ( ! tw5ty-"o ecclesia/ics f ! bailiwick ( ,ca51 cit$ by ,philip le ,bel to ! ,norman ex*equ]1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! conv5t1 :i* 0 at all times ( ! ,b5$ict9e ord]1 is said to h be5 f\nd$ z e>ly z ! ye> #efj4 ,x 0 "u ! invocation ( ,/4 ,vigor1 n9? bi%op ( ,bayeux2 &1 accord+ to "s au?ors1 0 e/abli%$ by t sa9t himself4 ,du ,mon/i]1 9 ! ,neu/ria ,pia1 recites ! hi/ory ( its orig9 at great l5g?3 h[ ! prelate1 mov$ by ! entreaties ( a ri* man1 ( ! "n ( ,volusian1 de/roy$1 by virtue ( ! sign ( ! cross1 a mon/r\s s]p5t t ravag$ ! c\ntry2 & h[ ,volusian1 9 gratitude1 c$$ to him ! doma9 ( ,c]isy1 ^u :i* he imm$iately erect$ a mona/]y1 & end[$ x ) ! rev5ues ( ! prop]ty4 ,! annals ( ! conv5t be+ lo/1 :at is record$ ( its hi/ory is v %ort4 ,aft] ! g5]al de/ruction ( religi\s e/abli%m5ts by ! ,saxons & ,normans1 t ( ,c]isy appe>s to h be5 left 9 its ru9s f> long] ?an mo/ o!rs4 ,no h& is said to h be5 lift$ t[>ds its re/oration1 till ! reign ( ,rob]t1 fa!r ( ! ,conqu]or4 ,by him ! mona/ic writ]s all agree t a beg9n+ 0 made t[>ds ! rebuild+ ( ?is mona/]y2 & "o ( !m1 ,william ( ,jumieges1 adds1 t 8 c>e ( x suff]$ no dim9ution f "t or di/ance2 = t1 dur+ 8 w>s 9 ! ,holy ,l&1 :5 ! patri>* ( ,j]usalem rew>d$ 8 pi\s zeal ) a pres5t ( "s preci\s relics1 he imm$iately direct$ !m to be "h deposit$4 ,8 m illu/ri\s successor1 9 "o ( ! fir/ ye>s ( 8 reign1 complet$ & ri*ly end[$ ! conv5t begun by 8 fa!r1 ^: rema9s he comm&$ %\ld be br\ght f ,pale/9e1 = ! express purpose ( _! be+ int]r$ at ,c]isy4 ,b !y 7 all[$ to proce$ no fur!r ?an ,apulia4 ,9 ! ,neu/ria ,pia is pres]v$ a *>t] ( ,k+ ,*>les ,,vi4 dat$ #acih1 9 :i* ! v>i\s donations conf]r$ ^u ! abbey ( ,c]isy1 by ! ,norman ,dukes1 ,rob]t1 ,william1 & ,h5ry1 are enum]at$ & confirm$4 ,its annual income1 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 0 e/imat$ by ,de ,masseville at tw5ty ?\s& livres4 ,! only prop]ty x appe>s ev] to h possess$ 9 ,engl&1 0 a priory ( ,b5$ict9e monks at ,we/ ,%irburne1 9 ,hamp%ire4 ,ar*itecturally consid]$1 ! *ur* ( ,c]isy is an int]e/+ relic ( ,norman workman%ip4 ,! c]ta9ty ( its date1 n f> remov$ f ! ye> #ajcb1 & ! comp>atively few alt]ations x has und]gone1 r5d] x "o ( ^? l&m>ks1 by ! aid ( :i* ! obs]v] ( ! pres5t day c alone atta9 to any c]ta9ty 9 8 inquiries into anci5t art4 ,& yet1 9 ! portion "h select$ = engrav+1 ! upp] r[ ( w9d[s is ( an ra po/]ior to ! re/2 & ! great ar* 9 front has evid5tly *ang$ its semi-circul> =m = a po9t$ "o4 ,its height is unusual & impressive4 ,bo? tak5 collectively & 9 its p>ts1 ! *ur* be>s a /rong resemblance to t ne>ly coeval at ,/4 ,georges2 l :i*1 x is n[ appropriat$ to p>o*ial purposes1 & is /ill ( great size1#bah ?\gh ! :ole ( ! portion orig9ally p>o*ial1 & :i* ext5d$ "o hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r feet beyond :at rema9s ( ! nave1 has be5 rec5tly pull$ d[n4 ,! pr9cipal front ( ! build+1 :i* fac$ ! nor?1 its position be+ nor? & s\?1 has be5 consequ5tly de/roy$4 ,! /yle ( ! edifice is *>act]iz$ by a noble & sev]e simplicity3 ! capitals ( ! columns are1 inde$1 enri*$ ) sculptur$ foliage or animals1 or occasionally ) small heads plac$ 9 ! middle ( a surface o!rwise pla92 b else:]e ! decorations are v sp>+ly di/ribut$4 ,!y are conf9$ to ! *evron & billet m\ld+s2 ! latt] ! mo/ anci5t & mo/ r>e among ! ,norman ornam5ts4 ,bo? ! transepts are p>t$ (f1 z at ,/4 ,georges1 by scre5s ne> ! extremities3 ^! scre5s at ,c]isy are surm\nt$ by an elegant p>apet ( semi-circul> ar*es1 a s+ul> & v beautiful addition4 ,,notes3 #bah ,! foll[+ are ! dim5sions ( ! *ur*1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,cotman4 ,,feet4 ,l5g? ( ! nave #ih ,ditto ( *oir #fd ,ditto ( transepts & int]v5+ "p ( ! nave #aah ,wid? ( nave #gc ,ditto ( transepts #ca ,ditto ( *oir1 )\t ! side-*apels #bh ,height ( nave #gj ,be=e ! demolition ( ! we/]n extremity1 ! nave 0 two hundr$ & tw5ty-six feet long1 & ! total l5g? ( ! build+ two hundr$ & n9ety feet4 ,,plate ,,xcviii4 ,,*ur* ,,at ,,oye/raham4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ih4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,oye/raham4 ,we/ ,front4 ,oye/raham1 or1 z x is m commonly writt51 ,e/reham1 is a village situat$ ^u ! left bank ( ! ,orne1 ne> its conflu5ce ) ! *annel4 ,its "n1 d]iv$ f ! ,saxon1#bai seems to po9t x out z a settlem5t made by ^? d>+ invad]s3 its *ur*1 "o ( ! fir/ objects t pres5ts itself to ! ,engli% travell]1 on 8 ent]+ ,france 9 ! direction ( ,ca51 is well calculat$ to impress him ) a =cible idea ( ! magnific5ce ( ! ,norman lords ( ! du*y4 ,t x 0 built 9 ! "t ( _! sway1 is a fact :i* _c be d\bt$2 b1 9 an ar*itectural po9t ( view1 x is s full ( anomalies1 t op9ions w\ld be likely to v>y consid]ably ) reg>d to ! actual date ( its erection4 ,& "h1 un=tunately1 no records rema9 to guide ! judgm5t4 ,9 ! we/]n front1 inde$6 7! subject ( ! plate7 ! :ole is ( ! semi-circul> /yle1 & uni=m4 ,! upp] ti] ( ar*es w f9d a p>allel 9 ! t[]s ( ! abbey ( ,jumieges1 built dur+ ! reign ( ! ,conqu]or2 & mo/ ( ! o!r memb]s & decorations are ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 erections ( ! same ra4 ,a peculi>ity is alone obs]vable 9 ! small] ar*es ( ! second r[1 9 :i* ! arti/ has indulg$ himself 9 :at may be t]m$ an ar*itectural conceit1 l5g!n+1 to a v disproportionate degree1 & almo/ 9 ! moori% fa%ion1 ! "p above ! capital1 9 ord] t ! :ole might range 9 a l9e ) ! l>g] ar* 9 ! c5tre4 ,! truncat$ appe>ance ( ! wall on ei!r side1 leads to ! obvi\s inf]5ce1 t ei!r ?is front _h orig9ally t[]s1 l ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 at ,ca51 or t x 0 int5d$ !re %\ld h be5 su*4 ,a c5tral t[] n[ alone rema9s1 ( squ>e =m1 ) massive buttresses ( unusual size1 project+ t[>ds ! s\?4 ,?is t[]1 z well z ! portion ( ! *ur* to ! ea/ ( x1 exhibits ! ,norman & ,go?ic ar*itecture mix$ 9 a v uncommon mann]4 ,( ?ree r[s ( ar*es1 ! l[e/ & highe/ belong to ! latt] /yle2 ! c5tral "o only to ! =m]4 ,9 ! nave1 all is ,norman1 except+ only two lancet w9d[s ( ! upp] ti]1 plac$ ne> ! we/ end1 on ! s\? side1 & except+ also ! fly+ buttresses t ext5d f betwe5 ! w9d[s ( ! cl]e/ory to ! project+ aisles bel[4 ,)9 ! *oir1 ! trefoil-head$ ar* takes1 9 "s in/ances1 ! place ( ! po9t$ 9 ! l[] r[1 :i* is :olly blank2 & ! capitals ( ! pill>s1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,cotman1 %ew an extraord9>y playfulness ( design4 ,! ar*es above !m are pi]c$ = w9d[s4 ,bo? ! semi-circul> ones ( ! second ti]1 & ! po9t$ ones above1 are extremely n>r[1 se5 f )\t1 b wid5 greatly )92 ! wall be+ ( m ?an ord9>y ?ickness4 ,! pi]s ( ! nave are six feet five in*es 9 diamet]1 :ile ! int]v5+ spaces sc>cely exce$ t5 feet4 ,,notes3 #bai ,on ?is subject1 see ,huet1 ,orig9es de ,ca51 p4 #bii4--;,e/reham e/ le nom d'un b\rg situ l'emb\*ure de l',orne1 et d'un autre dans le ,bess94 ,mr4 ,bo*>t le faisoit1 v5ir d',ea/]1 ,desse des anci5s ,saxons4 ,et comme il avoit entrepris de rapport] les anci5nes orig9es la langue et la doctr9e des ,phnici5s il prt5doit que cette ,ea/] toit la mme qu',a/>t4 ,ses sacrifices se faisoi5t au comm5cem5t du pr9tems2 et de la vi5t que les ,saxons appell]5t ,ea/] le mois auquel se clebre la ,pque4 ,sk9n]us ne s'loigne pas beauc\p de ce s5tim5t dans son ,etymologique de la langue ,angloise4 ,mr4 ,valois tire le nom d',e/reham du ,lat9 ,/rata1 et de l',allem& ,hamum1 p\r m>qu] une ,demeure btie sur un *em9 public1 ou au b\t d'un *em9 public1 comme si le b\rg d',e/reham toit sur un gr& *em91 ou au b\t d'un *em9 public3 et qu'il ne ft pas sur une extrmit de t]re qui ne m5e ri51 ayant la m] d'un ct1 et l'emb\*ure de la rivi]e d',orne de l'autre3 ou comme si t\s les villages du monde ne p\voi5t pas tre c5sez t]m9] des gr& *em9s4 ,mais ces op9ions sont dtruites p> l'anci5ne or?ographe du nom d',e/reham1 qui e/ con/amm5t crit dans les vieux ,titres1 et p> ,mr4 de ,bras1 ,oi/reham1 p\r ,we/]ham1 c'e/--dire1 ,village ,occid5tal3 c> il se tr\ve plac l',we/ de l'emb\*ure de l',orne4 ,,plate ,,xcix4 ,,& ,c4 ,,ca!dral ,,*ur* ,,at ,s,,ez4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ii4 ,,ca!dral ,,*ur* ,,( ,,notre ,,dame1 ,,at ,s,,ez4 ,we/ ,front4 ,! city ( ,sez1 ?\gh dignifi$ by be+ ! seat ( a bi%opric1 is 9 itself small & unimportant1 its population n exce$+ five ?\s& five hundr$ inhabitants4 ,( ! e>ly hi/ory ( ei!r ! t[n or ! diocese1 little is kn[n ) c]ta9ty2 & au?ors h sc>cely felt x wor? _! :ile to ex]cise _! +5uity1 or to display _! le>n+1 ^u a subject ill calculat$ to add dignity to _! rese>*es4 ,^? :o h ent]$ ^u ! inquiry1 h giv5 x z _! op9ion1 t ! ,civitas ,sagiorum1 m5tion$ 9 ! e>lie/ ,notitia ,galli1 z ! fif? 9 rank among ! cities ( ! prov9ce1 ,lugdun5sis ,secunda1 0 no o!r ?an ! mod]n ,sez2 &1 c>ry+ _! conjecture "o /ep f>!r1 !y h inf]r$ f locality1 t ! ,sagii1 o!rwise call$ ,saii1 mu/ h be5 ! ,sesuvii ( ,cs>'s ,comm5t>ies4 ,h5ce1 9 m mod]n ,lat9ity1 ,sez has g5]ally acquir$ ! "n ( ,sagium2 ?\gh ,ord]icus ,vitalis occasionally calls x ,sal>ium1 & ,magno1 ,saius4 ,9 "s maps x is likewise /yl$ ,saxia1 :5ce an idea has aris5 t x ow$ its orig9 to ! ,saxons2 & t ! words1 ,saii & ,sagii1 7 9 reality no?+ m ?an a corruption ( ,saxones or ,sassones4 ,! favor]s ( ?is op9ion h br\ght ,sez )9 ! limits ( ! ,otl+ua ,saxonia1 a di/rict 9 ,norm&y1 ^: situation & ext5t has be5 ! subject ( mu* lit]>y controv]sy4 ,! le>n$ ,huet1 allud+ to ?is v po9t1#bbj obs]ves1 ) great ju/ice1 t x is m easy to tell :at is n1 ?an :at is2 & t1 ?\gh ! limits ( bi%oprics s]ve 9 g5]al to m>k ! divisions ( ! anci5t ,gallic tribes1 yet l5g? ( "t has introduc$ _m alt]ations4 ,able m51 he adds1 h be5 ( op9ion1 t ,hiesmes 0 orig9ally an episcopal see1 & t its diocese 0 aft]w>ds dismemb]$ into ?ree ar*deaconries2 "o ( !m fix$ at ,sez1 a second at ,lisieux1 & a ?ird at ,bayeux4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 he says1 is n 8 own belief2 b he ?9ks t ,hiesmes 0 orig9ally ! seat ( ! bi%opric ( ,sez4 ,a report to ! same effect w be f\nd 9 ! ,concilia ,normannica2 & x is adopt$ by ,r\ault1#bba :o argues 9 its favor2 fir/1 t ,sez 0 too insignificant1 at ! "t ( ! prea*+ ( ! gospel 9 ,neu/ria1 to be dignifi$ ) ! pres5ce ( a bi%op2 ! apo/les & e>lie/ popes hav+ direct$ t bi%ops %\ld only be appo9t$ to consid]able t[ns3 &1 secondly1 t ,hiesmes 0 really !n a place ( importance1 & probably cont9u$ s till ! n9ete5? ye> ( ! reign ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,i4 ( ,engl&1 :5 t pr9ce de/roy$ x1 z a puni%m5t ^u ! inhabitants = _! revolt4 ,ecclesia/ical hi/ory ref]s ! e/abli%m5t ( ! bi%opric ( ,sez to ! f\r? or fif? c5tury4 ,! e>lie/1 h[ev]1 ( ! prelates1 ( :om any c]ta9 m5tion is to be f\nd1 is ,lit>$us1 ^: "n appe>s1 "u ! title ( ,oxim5sis ,episcopus1 subscrib$ to ! c\ncil ( ,orleans 9 #eaa4 ,azo1 :o succe$$ to ! mitre 9 "o ( ! la/ ye>s ( ! t5? c5tury1 erect$ ! fir/ ca!dral t is ^u record at ,sez4 ,william ( ,jumieges relates ( him1 t he de/roy$ ! walls ( ! city1 & ) _! /ones built a *ur* 9 honor ( ,/4 ,g]vais1 ! m>tyr1 ubi s$es episcopalis longo po/ tempore fu]at4 ,! same au?or tells t1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is *ur* hav+ be5 turn$ into a place ( refuge by "s rebels1 ab\t fifty ye>s aft]w>ds1 ,ivo1 ! ?ird f ,azo ^u ! episcopal ?rone1 set fire to ! adjo9+ h\ses = ! purpose ( dislodg+ !m1 & ! *ur* fell a victim to ! flames4 ,! act1 ?\gh un9t5tional1 br\ght ^u ! prelate a sev]e reprim& f ! pope2 & ,ivo1 to repair 8 fault1 und]took a j\rney to 8 relatives & fri5ds 9 ,apulia & ,con/ant9ople1 :5ce he return$1 load$ ) ri* pres5ts1 by ! aid ( :i* he und]took ! erection ( a new *ur* ^u s l>ge a scale1 t 8 successors1 ,rob]t1 ,g]>d1 & ,s]lo1 7 unable to complete x 9 fifty ye>s4 ,! ca!dral !n rais$ is said to be ! same z is n[ /&+2 &1 accord+ to :at has already be5 record$ ( ! ca!drals ( ,lisieux & ,c\tances1 !re is no?+ 9 its ar*itecture to discr$it su* an op9ion4 ,! fir/ /one 0 laid ab\t ! ye> #ajec3 ! d$ication took place 9 #aabf4 ,godfrey1 ar*bi%op ( ,r\51 p]=m$ ! c]emony 9 ! pres5ce ( ,h5ry1 !n duke1 :o1 at ! same "t1 end[$ ! *ur* ) an annual income ( t5 p\nds4 ,! diocese ( ,sez is surr\nd$ by ^? ( ,lisieux1 ,evreux1 ,mans1 & ,bayeux4 ,accord+ to ,de ,masseville1#bbb x ext5d$1 be=e ! revolution1 tw5ty-five leagues 9 l5g?1 & f eight to t5 9 wid?1 compris+ ! di/ricts ( le ,h\me1 les ,m>*es1 & a "p ( le ,p]*e4 ,! t[ns ( ,sez1 ,al5on1 ,arg5tan1 ,falaise1 ,hiesmes1 ,mortagne1 & ,bellme1 toge!r ) sev]al small] t[ns1 & five hundr$ villages1 7 also includ$ 9 its limits2 z 7 five ar*deaconries1 six rural dean]ies1 & _m abbeys & o!r religi\s h\ses4 ,! episcopal rev5ue 0 e/imat$ at only t5 ?\s& livres4 ,! late concordat1 by r$uc+ ! numb] ( ! ,norman dioceses1 has ( c\rse add$ to ! ext5t ( ^? t rema9$4 ,sev5 ( ! e>ly bi%ops ( ,sez are inscrib$ among ! sa9ts ( ! ,roman cal5d>3 9 lat] times1 no names appe> ( great] em95ce ?an ^? ( ,frog]ius & ,john de ,b]taut4 ,! fir/ ( ^! prelates 0 mu* 9 ! confid5ce ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 to :om he r5d]$ acceptable s]vice 9 8 un=tunate disputes ) ,?omas--,becket4 ,he 0 n only "o ( ! v few bi%ops :o !n pres]v$ _! fidelity to _! sov]eign inviolate1 b he und]took a mission to ! ,fr5* k+1 = ! purpose ( remon/rat+ ^u ! favorable reception giv5 to ! primate1 on :i* occasion he receiv$ ! foll[+ memorable answ]3--,tell y\r ma/]1 t if he _c submit to ! abolition ( ! ord9ances1 :i* he designates z ! cu/oms ( 8 ance/ors1 because he ?9ks x w\ld compromise ! dignity ( 8 cr[n1 al?\gh1 z x is report$1 !y are b little con=mable to ! w ( ,god1 /ill less c ,i cons5t to sacrifice a "r t has always be5 enjoy$ by ! k+s ( ,france4 ,i mean ! "r ( giv+ %elt] to all p]sons 9 affliction1 b pr9cipally to ^? :o are exil$ = ju/ice sake1 & ( af=d+ !m1 dur+ _! p]secution1 all mann] ( protection & assi/ance4--,john de ,b]taut liv$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury3 he 0 pr9cipal almon] to ,m>y de ,m$icis1 & 0 aft]w>ds 9 high favor ) ,h5ry ,,iv4 to ^: conv]sion he is said to h ma9ly contribut$4 ,he likewise di/+ui%$ himself z a poet4--,a ?ird bi%op ( ,sez1 ,s]lo1 already m5tion$1 0 a man ( su* comm&+ eloqu5ce1 t1 :5 he _h ! honor ( prea*+ be=e ,h5ry ,i4 & 8 c\rt1 at ,c>5tan1 9 #aajf1 he declaim$ ) s mu* effect aga9/ ! effem9ate cu/om ( we>+ long be>ds & long hair1 t ! sov]eign decl>$ himself a conv]t1 & ! bi%op1 extractis e mantic =cipibus1 primo regem tum ct]os optimates attondit4#bbc ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ajj4 ,,ca!dral ,,*ur* ,,( ,,notre ,,dame1 ,,at ,s,,ez4 ,elevation ( ! ,nave4 ,! *ur* ( ,sez may be comp>$ 9 its ar*itecture ) ^? ( ,c\tances & ( ,lisieux3 !y are unlike1 inde$1 b by no means diff]5t4 ,! po9ts ( resemblance exce$ ^? ( a contr>y description4 facies non omnibus una1 ,nec div]sa tam51 qualem decet esse sororum4 ,sev]e simplicity *>act]izes ,lisieux3 ,c\tances is di/+ui%$ by elegance1 ab\nd+ 9 decoration3 ,sez1 at ! same "t t x unites ! excell5cies ( bo?1 c rival nei!r 9 ^? :i* are peculi>ly its own4 ,on ! fir/ view ( ! *ur*1 its mean & insignificant we/]n t[] /rikes ! spectator ) an unfavorable impression1 :i*1 on a ne>] approa*1 ! mutilat$ & encumb]$ /ate ( ! we/]n front is by no means calculat$ to remove4 ,& yet ?is we/]n front1 all degrad$ z x is1 _c fail to d]ive importance f ! great dep? ( ! c5tral door-way1 :i* is no less ?an =ty-sev5 feet1#bbd a projection exce$+ t ( ! galilee ( ,pet]bor\gh ca!dral4 ,x is 9 ! int]ior t ! beauty ( ! *ur* ( ,sez is conspicu\s4 ,! noble l(ty ar*es bel[2 ! moresque ornam5t1 l ^? at ,bayeux & at ,c\tances1 9 ! sp&rils2 ! d\ble lancet ar*es ( ! tri=ium plac$ 9 triplets2 & ! l>g] po9t$ ar*es above1 arrang$ two or ?ree toge!r1 & encircl$ ) ar*es ( ! ,norman =m1 ?\gh n ( ! ,norman /yle2--all ^! beauties1 add$ to ! enri*m5ts ( ! sculptur$ walls & w9d[s ( ! aisles1 r5d] ! ca!dral1 if n ! fir/ ( ,norman religi\s build+s1 at lea/ 9 ! numb] ( ^? ( ! fir/ class1 ,extremi primorum1 extremis usque priores4 ,,notes3 #bbj ,orig9es de ,ca51 p4 #e4 #bba ,abrg de la ,vie des ,evques de ,c\tances1 p4 #dj4 #bbb ,etat ,gographique de ,norm&ie1 p4 #cjd4 #bbc ,gallia ,*ri/iana1 ,,xi4 p4 #fhd4 #bbd ,! foll[+ are ! dim5sions ( ! o!r p>ts ( ! build+4 ,,feet4 ,l5g? ( nave 7includ+ a space ( sixty-f\r feet "u ! t[]s7 #bah ,ditto ( *oir #eg ,ditto ( aisle beh9d ! *oir #ad ,ditto ( ,lady-,*apel #be ,ditto ( ea* transept #ci ,wid? ( nave & *oir1 includ+ aisles #gb ,ditto ( ,lady-,*apel #bj ,ditto ( transepts #cj ,height ( nave & *oir #hj ,ditto ( nor?-we/ spire #bcb ,ditto ( s\?-we/ ditto #baj ,,! ,,end4 ,,leice/]3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,?omas ,,combe1 ,,junior4 ,,index ,,( ,,plates4 ,,no4 ,,( ,,plate4 ,&elys1 ,great ,h\se #ae ,anisy1 ,*ur* #fg ,arques1 ,ca/le #a ,bieville1 ,*ur* #eh1 #ei ,bo*]ville1 ,/4 ,georges de1 ,*ur* #e-aa ,briquebec1 ,ca/le #gj ,ca51 ,abbey ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity #bd-cc ------ ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph5 #ba-bc ------ ,*apel 9 ! ,ca/le #dh ------ ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas #ee1 #ef ------ ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,mi*el de ,vaucelles #ah1 #ai ------ ,h\se 9 ! ,rue ,/4 ,jean #fe ,c]isy1 ,abbey ,*ur* #ig ,*teau ,gaill>d #hj1 #ha ,*eux1 ,*ur* #eg ,colomby1 ,*ur* #dg ,c\tances1 ,ca!dral #ib-id ,creully1 ,*ur* #ia ,dieppe1 ,ca/le #cd -------- ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,jacques #ce1 #cf ,eu1 ,scre5 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce #gb ,falaise1 ,ca/le #hi1 #ij ,fcamp1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph5 #ga ,fonta9e-le-,h5ri1 ,*teau #fb1 #fc ------------------- ,*ur* #fj1 #fa ,f\llebec1 ,we/]n door-way ( ,*ur* #hd ,g\rnay1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,hildeb]t #ch-da ,grville1 ,*ur* #ab ,haute ,allemagne1 ,t[] ( ,*ur* #cg ,jumieges1 ,abbey ,*ur* #b-d ,lry1 ,*ur* #dd-df ,lillebonne1 ,ca/le #fi ,lisieux1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] #gc-ge ,l\vi]s1 ,s\? por* ( ,*ur* #gi ,matilda1 ,que51 ,tomb/one ( #cc99 ,montivilli]s1 ,abbey ,*ur* #hb ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael #ie1 #if ,oye/raham1 ,*ur* #ih ,p]ri]s1 ,*ur* #fh ,r\51 ,ca!dral #di-eb ------- ,*apel 9 ! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,juli5 #db1 #dc ------- ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ou5 #gf ------- ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,paul #ed ------- ,crypt 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g]vais #ec ------- ,f\nta9 ( ! ,/one ,cross #gg ------- ,h\se 9 ! ,place de la ,pucelle #fd ------- ,palace ( ,ju/ice #gh ,/4 ,lo1 ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,cross #hg1 #hh ,/4 ,sanson sur ,rille1 ,ru9s ( ! ,*ur* #hc ,/4 ,sauveur le ,vicomte1 ,abbey ,*ur* #ad ------------------------ ,ca/le #ac ,sez1 ,ca!dral #ii1 #ajj ,tam]ville1 ,*ur* #ag ,tanc>ville1 ,ca/le #he1 #hf ,?an1 ,*ur* #af ,trport1 ,*ur* #ff ,william ! ,conqu]or1 ,/atue ( #bj ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,orig9al spell+1 ev5 :]e inconsi/5t1 & punctuation h be5 pres]v$4 ,m9or typographical errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,9 ! li/ ( ,,subjects--,,*ronologically ,,arrang$1 a has be5 us$ 9 place ( ! orig9al obelisk4 ,typographical errors correct$ 9 ! text 79 brackets ! orig9al73 #ag4 ,*ur* ( ,tam]ville ,tanc>ville 9 ! t5? n9? plate1 & m>k$ ,a & ,b daught]s & nieces neices ( ! *ief ,norman b>ons m>k+ ! connection ( ! tw5ty-eigh? tw5tie? plate r5d]$ ! necessity = su* decisions dicisions