,,! ,,calv9i/ic ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,pr$e/9ation ,,exam9$ ,,& ,,refut$3 ,,be+ ,,! ,,sub/ance ,,( ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,disc\rses ,deliv]$ 9 ,/4 ,george's ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur*1 ,philadelphia1 ,,by ,,francis ,,hodgson1 ,d4 ,d4 ,,philadelphia3 ,,higg9s ,,& ,,p]k9p9e4 ,no4 #dj ,,nor? ,,f\r? ,,/reet1 #ahee4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ! ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahed1 by ,,francis ,,hodgson1 9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,cl]k ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 & = ! ,ea/]n ,di/rict ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,,philadelphia3 ,t4 ,r4 ,,& ,p4 ,g4 ,,coll9s1 ,,pr9t]s4 ,,philadelphia1 ,july #ac1 #ahed4 ,rev4 ,,francis ,,hodgson1 ,d4 ,d4 ,,de> ,,sir3 ,we1 ^: names are h]eunto annex$1 hav+ he>d y\r rec5t s]ies ( disc\rses ^u ! ,div9e ,decrees1 & believ+ t _! publication at ?is "t w\ld be ( great s]vice to ! cause ( tru?1 e>ne/ly desire t su* measures may be tak5 z w secure _! publication at an e>ly p]iod4 ,we !re=e respectfully solicit y\r concurr5ce1 & t y w\ld d :atev] may be necess>y on y\r "p to fur!r our object3-- ,,james ,b4 ,,longacre1 ,p4 ,d4 ,,my]s1 ,,g>ret ,,vanzant1 ,r4 ,,mccambridge1 ,,john ,j4 ,,h>e1 ,,?omas ,w4 ,,price1 ,,daniel ,,brew/]1 ,,*as4 ,,mcni*ol1 ,,wm4 ,g4 ,,eckh>dt1 ,,?os4 ,m4 ,,adams1 ,,*as4 ,,coyle1 ,,francis ,a4 ,,f>r[1 ,,b5jam9 ,,h]itage1 ,,?os4 ,,h>e1 ,j4 ,o4 ,,campbell1 ,,samuel ,,hudson1 ,,james ,,h>ris1 ,,joseph ,,?ompson1 ,,wm4 ,,goodh>t1 ,,david ,,dailey1 ,r4 ,o4 ,,simons1 ,,jno4 ,r4 ,,morrison1 ,,amos ,,horn+1 ,,james ,,huey1 ,,enos ,s4 ,,k]n1 ,,john ,,fry1 ,,jno4 ,p4 ,,walk]1 ,e4 ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,,john ,,/reet1 ,,james ,d4 ,,simk9s1 ,j4 ,w4 ,,but*]1 ,s4 ,w4 ,,/ockton1 ,,jacob ,,h5drick1 ,,fo/] ,,prit*ett4 ,,de> ,,bre?r53-- ,! motives :i* induc$ me to prea* ! disc\rses on ! ,div9e ,decrees are equally decisive 9 favor ( _! publication1 z y propose4 ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty to re>range "s p>ts ( !m = ! b5efit ( ! read]4 ,y\rs1 ,,francis ,,hodgson4 ,to ,bro!rs ,,longacre1 ,,my]s1 & o!rs4 ,,pr$e/9ation4 ,,disc\rse ,i4 ,9 :om also we h obta9$ an inh]itance1 be+ pr$e/9at$ accord+ to ! purpose ( him :o worke? all ?+s aft] ! c\nsel ( 8 own w4--,,eph4 i4 #aa4 ,,x w\ld v naturally be expect$ ( a prea*]1 select+ ?is passage z ! f\ndation ( 8 disc\rse1 t he w\ld h some?+ to say ^u ! subject ( pr$e/9ation4 ,x is my purpose to make ?is ! !me ( ! occasion2 & ?is purpose has gov]n$ me 9 ! selection ( ! text4 ,! subject is "o ( great practical importance4 ,x relates to ! ,div9e gov]nm5t--its lead+ pr9ciples & ! great facts ( its adm9i/ration4 ,"s suppose t ! ,me?odi/s d5y ! doctr9e ( ,div9e pr$e/9ation1 t ! ^w itself is an (f5ce to !m1 & t !y are greatly p]plex$ & annoy$ by ^? portions ( ,scripture by :i* ! doctr9e is proclaim$4 ,?is is a mi/ak5 view4 ,we h no objection to ! ^w2 we firmly believe ! doctr9e2 & all ! ,scriptures1 by :i* x is /at$ or impli$1 are v preci\s to u4 ,!re is a c]ta9 !ory ( pr$e/9ation1 ! ,calv9i/ic !ory1 :i* we consid] unscriptural & dang]\s4 ,!re is ano!r1 ! ,arm9ian !ory1 :i* we deem ,scriptural & ( v salut>y influ5ce4 ,my plan is1 fir/1 to refute ! false !ory2 &1 secondly1 to pres5t ! true "o1 & give x its prop] application4 ,my disc\rse or disc\rses ^u ?is subject may be m or less unacceptable to "s on acc\nt ( _! controv]sial aspect4 ,?is disadvantage _c always be avoid$4 ,controv]sy is n always agreeable1 yet x is (t5 necess>y4 ,error mu/ be oppos$1 & tru? def5d$4 ,:at ,i h to say1 is design$ *iefly = ! b5efit ( ! y\ng] portion ( ! congregation4 ,i feel t !re devolves ^u me n a little responsibility 9 ref]5ce to ?is class ( my he>]s4 ,_m ( !m1 ,i am happy to le>n1 are eag]ly se>*+ = tru?1 & !y h a "r to expect t ! pulpit w aid _! inquiries1 & ?r[ light ^u _! pa?4 ,! !ory ( pr$e/9ation to :i* we object affirms t ,god has purpos$1 decre$1 pr$et]m9$1 =eorda9$1 pr$e/9at$1 :atsoev] comes to pass1 & t1 9 "s way or o!r1 he1 by 8 provid5ce1 br+s to pass :atev] occurs4 ,! advocates ( ?is doctr9e compla9 l\dly t !y are misund]/ood & misrepres5t$4 ,! ,rev4 ,samuel ,mill]1 ,d4 ,d41 late ( ,pr9ceton ,college1 ,n4 ,j41 9 a tract on ,presbyt]ian ,doctr9e1 publi%$ by ! ,presbyt]ian ,bo>d ( ,publication1 compla9s ?us3 ,x may be safely said t no !ological sy/em 0 ev] m grossly misrepres5t$1 or m f\lly & unju/ly vilifi$ ?an ?is4 ,! gross misrepres5tations ) :i* x has be5 assail$1 ! dis+5u\s attempts to fa/5 ^u x consequ5ces :i* its advocates disav[ & abhor2 & ! unsp>+ calumny :i* is cont9ually heap$ ^u x & its fri5ds1 h sc>cely be5 equall$ 9 any o!r case 9 ! entire annals ( !ological controv]sy4 ,! oppon5ts ( ?is sy/em are wont to give ! mo/ %ock+ & unju/ pictures ( x4 ,:e!r ?is is done f ignorance or di%one/y x w\ld be pa9ful1 z well z va91 at pres5t1 to inquire4 ,! tru? is1 x w\ld be difficult to f9d a writ] or speak]1 :o has di/+ui%$ himself by oppos+ ,calv9ism1 :o has fairly repres5t$ ! sy/em1 or :o really appe>$ to und]/& x4 ,!y are =ev] fight+ aga9/ a c>icature4 ,"s ( ! mo/ grave & v5]able writ]s 9 our c\ntry1 :o h appe>$ 9 ! ,arm9ian ranks1 are und\bt$ly 9 ?is pr$icam5t3 :e!r ?is has aris5 f ! want ( k or ! want ( c&or1 ! effect is ! same1 & ! conduct is wor?y ( sev]e c5sure4 ,let any "o c>efully & dispassionately read ov] ! ,confession ( ,fai? ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & he w soon p]ceive t ! pr(ess$ repres5tations ( x1 :i* are daily proclaim$ f ! pulpit & ! press1 are wret*$ sl&]s1 = :i* no apology c be f\nd b 9 ! ignorance ( _! au?ors4 ,he places himself 9 v honorable contra/ ) ^? :om he ?us sev]ely condemns3 ,! writ] ( ^! pages1 says he1 is fully p]suad$ t ,arm9ian pr9ciples1 :5 trac$ out to _! natural & unavoidable consequ5ces1 lead to an invasion ( ! ess5tial attributes ( ,god1 &1 ( c\rse1 to blank & *e]less a!ism4 ,yet1 9 mak+ a /atem5t ( ! ,arm9ian sy/em1 z actually held by its advocates1 he %\ld consid] himself inexcusable if he dep>t$ a hair's-bread? f ! del9eation made by its fri5ds4 7pp4 #bf1 #bg1 #bh47 ,?is writ] reit]ates ^! *>ges1 ) int]e/+ v>iations1 9 8 introduction to a book on ! ,synod ( ,dort1 publi%$ by ! same e/abli%m5t4 ,!y1 says he1 are ev] fight+ aga9/ an imag9>y mon/] ( _! own creation4 ,!y picture to !mselves ! consequ5ces :i* !y suppose unavoidably fl[ f ! real pr9ciples ( ,calv9i/s1 & !n1 mo/ unju/ly1 repres5t ^! consequ5ces z a "p ( ! sy/em itself1 z held by its advocates4 ,aga93 ,h[ _m an eloqu5t page ( anti-,calv9i/ic declamation w\ld be in/antly se5 by e read] to be ei!r calumny or nons5se1 if x _h be5 prec$$ by an hone/ /atem5t ( :at ! sy/em1 z held by ,calv9i/s1 really is4 7,synod ( ,dort1 p4 #fd47 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,bee*] says1 9 8 "w on ,skepticism3 ,i h nev] he>d a correct /atem5t ( ! ,calv9i/ic sy/em f an oppon5t2 &1 aft] specify+ "s alleg$ in/ances ( misrepres5tation1 he adds3 ,x is ne$less to say t falsehoods m absolute & entire 7 nev] /]eotyp$ 9 ! f\ndry ( ! fa!r ( lies1 or ) great] indu/ry work$ (f = gratuit\s di/ribution f age to age4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,musgrave1 9 :at he calls a ,brief ,exposition & ,v9dication ( ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,div9e ,decrees1 z taught 9 ! ,assembly's ,l>g] ,cate*ism1 ano!r ( ! publications ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,bo>d1 *>ges ! oppon5ts ( ,calv9ism 9 g5]al1 & ! ,me?odi/s 9 p>ticul>1 ) n only viol5tly conte/+1 b also ) %ock+ly c>icatur+1 & %amefully misrepres5t+ & vilify+ ,calv9ism--) sy/ematic & wide-spread defamation--) :olesale traduction ( moral "*1 involv+ ! ,*ri/ian reputation ( "s ?ree or f\r ?\s& accr$it$ m9i/]s ( ! gospel4 ,8 *>ity sugge/s an apology = mu* ( our misrepres5tation ( _! doctr9al sy/em on ! gr\nd ( our intellectual weakness & want ( education2 b1 = our di%onorable attempts to impair ! influ5ce ( ,calv9i/ic m9i/]s1 & injure _! *ur*es1 he c conceive ( no apology4 ,! ,rev4 ,a4 ,g4 ,fair*ild1 ,d4 ,d41 9 a s]ies ( disc\rses entitl$ ,! ,great ,supp]1 likewise publi%$ by ! ,presbyt]ian ,bo>d ( ,publication1 compla9s 9 ^! t]ms3 ,sect>ian p>tisans are int]e/$ 9 mislead+ ! public 9 reg>d to our real s5tim5ts1 & h5ce _! ass]tions %\ld be receiv$ ) caution4 ,^? :o w\ld und]/& our sy/em ( doctr9es1 mu/ li/51 n to ! misrepres5tations ( its enemies1 b to ! explanations ( its fri5ds4 7p4 #dj47 ,aga93 ,z ^! m5 _c wield ! civil p[] aga9/ u1 !y w d :at !y c to puni% u = hold+ doctr9es :i* !y _c ov]?r[ by fair & manly argum5t4 ,god only kn[s ! ext5t to :i* we might h to suff] = our religion1 7 x n = ! protection ( ! laws6 ,=1 if m5 w publi% ! mo/ wilful & delib]ate untru?s aga9/ u1 z !y c]ta9ly d1 = no o!r (f5ce ?an an hone/ diff]5ce ( religi\s belief1 :at w\ld !y n d if _! p[] 7 equal to _! wick$ness8 7p4 #gc47 ,?is writ] expresses 8 s5se ( ! wick$ness ( ^? :o oppose ,calv9ism 9 /ill /rong] t]ms3 ,if1 !n1 ! doctr9es ( grace ,calv9ism are pla9ly taught 9 ! ,scriptures1 if !y accord ) ! exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/ians1 & ent] l>gely into _! pray]s1 !n x mu/ be exce$+ly s9ful to oppose & misrepres5t !m4 ,^? :o d ?is w ev5tually be f\nd fight+ aga9/ ,god4 ,we h rec5tly he>d ( p]sons pray+ publicly aga9/ ! election ( grace1 & we wond] t _! tongues did n cleave to ! ro( ( _! m\? 9 giv+ utt]ance to ! horrid imprecation4 7p4 #agh47 ,ah6 ,^! ,me?odi/s are v wick$6 ,! ,rev4 ,l4 ,a4 ,l[ry1 au?or ( a rec5t "w1 entitl$ ,se>* = ,tru?1 publi%$ by ! same high au?ority1 disc\rses z foll[s3-- ,:5 ,i see a man try+ to di/ort ! prop] mean+ ( words1 &1 pres5t+ a g>bl$ /atem5t ( ! views ( an oppon5t1 ,i take x z conclusive evid5ce t he has a bad cause2 m :5 he is con/antly at x1 & manife/s 9 all t he does a feel+ ( uneas9ess & ho/ility t[>ds ^? :o oppose him4 ,dur+ my brief soj\rn 9 ! ,cumb]l& ,*ur*1 ,i 0 call$ ^u to witness _m su* exhibitions1 t1 9 ! outset ( my m9i/]ial labors1 made any?+ b a favorable impression on my m9d4 ,i f\nd !re1 9 common ) all o!rs :o hold to ,arm9ian s5tim5ts1 ! mo/ uncompromis+ & malignant opposition to ! doctr9es ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 :ile !re 0 n a man t ,i met 9 all my int]c\rse1 t c\ld /ate fairly & fully :at ^? doctr9es are4 ,_! views 7 entirely "o-sid$2 ! tru? 0 g>bl$ to suit _! conv5i5ce2 & ! creations ( _! own fruitful fancy 7 con/antly be+ pres5t$ be=e ! m9ds ( ! p1 !reby deep5+ _! prejudices1 & draw+ /ill clos] ! d>k folds ( _! mantle ( ignorance & bigotry4 7pp4 #fe1 #ff47 ,aga93 ,x is pa9ful to witness ! ignorance & /upidity ( m5--_! malignity & opposition to ! tru?--:o h le>n$ to misrepres5t & abuse ,calv9ism ) su* bitt]ness ( feel+1 till1 l a rattlesnake 9 dog-days1 !y h become bl9d$ by ! poison ( _! own m9ds4 7p4 #aef47 ,9 ?is attempt to de/roy confid5ce 9 ! v]acity ( ,arm9ians1 s f>1 at lea/1 z x is connect$ ) _! repres5tations ( ,calv9ism1 lead+ individuals are s+l$ out = special animadv]sion4 ,dr4 ,mill] assails ! moral "* ( ,arm9ius4 ,he says ( him t1 ,on fir/ ent]+ ^u 8 pr(essor%ip1 he seem$ to take mu* pa9s to remove f himself all suspicion ( het]odoxy1 by publicly ma9ta9+ !ses 9 favor ( ! receiv$ doctr9es2 doctr9es :i* he aft]w>ds zeal\sly contradict$4 ,& t he did ?is contr>y to 8 own convictions at ! "t1 0 made abundantly evid5t aft]w>ds by "s ( 8 own zeal\s fri5ds4 ,b1 aft] he _h be5 9 8 new (fice a ye> or two1 x 0 discov]$ t x 0 8 con/ant practice to deliv] "o set ( op9ions 9 8 pr(essional *air1 & a v diff]5t set by means ( private confid5tial manuscripts circulat$ among 8 pupils4 7,synod ( ,dort1 p4 #ac47 ,dr4 ,fair*ild speaks ?us ( a passage by ,mr4 ,wesley3 ,9 ! doctr9al ,tracts1 p4 #agb1 is an address to ,satan1 :i* we h no hesitation 9 say+ is fraught ) ! mo/ conc5trat$ blasphemy ev] proce$+ f ! tongue or p5 ( mortal1 :e!r ,jew1 ,pagan1 or ,infidel1 & all imput$ to ! ,calv9i/s4 ,"o _c help wond]+ h[ su* transc5d5t impieties ev] f\nd _! way into ! m9d ( man2 ,i am n will+ to transf] ! language to ^! pages2 b ! "w is d\btless accessible to mo/ read]s1 hav+ be5 s[n broadca/ ov] ! l&4 7,great ,supp]1 p4 #aej47 ,he also indorses ! *>ge ( =g]y :i* ,toplady made aga9/ ,mr4 ,wesley4 7,see p4 #aaa47 ,! late ,dr4 ,fisk is *>g$ ) g>bl+ ! ,confession ( ,fai? = s9i/] purposes 7p4 #aaa72 & ) sc&al\s imputations aga9/ ,calv9ism4 7p4 #aej47 ,x is n impossible t our ,calv9i/ic bre?r5 %\ld be misrepres5t$4 ,nor is x impossible t !y %\ld misrepres5t bo? !mselves & o!rs4 ,i d n admit t !y are ?us misrepres5t$ by _! ,me?odi/ oppon5ts1 b x is n my int5tion to refute ^! *>ges at ?is "t4 ,i ref] to !m n[ to ju/ify ! special caution :i* ,i %all obs]ve 9 pres5t+ _! t5ets4 ,!y make x necess>y = u to prove beyond ! possibility ( d\bt t !y hold ! doctr9es :i* we impute to !m4 ,i %all give _! views 9 _! own words4 ,calv9 says1 9 8 ,in/itutes3 ,:oev]1 !n1 desires to avoid ?is infidelity1 let him con/antly rememb] t1 9 ! creatures1 !re is no erratic p[]1 or action1 or motion1 b t !y are s gov]n$ by ! secret c\nsel ( ,god1 t no?+ c happ5 b :at is subject to 8 k1 & ,,decre$ by 8 w4 7,vol4 i4 p4 #ahf47 ,aga93 ,all future ?+s be+ unc]ta9 to u1 we hold !m 9 susp5se1 z ?\gh !y might happ5 ei!r "o way or ano!r4 ,yet1 ?is rema9s a fix$ pr9ciple 9 our he>ts1 t !re w be ,,no ev5t :i* ,god has n ,,orda9$4 7,ib4 p4 #aic47 ,aga93 ,!y consid] x absurd t a man %\ld be bl9d$ by ! w & comm& ( ,god1 & aft]w>ds be puni%$ = 8 bl9dness4 ,!y1 !re=e1 evade ?is difficulty1 by alleg+ t x happ5s only by ! p]mission ( ,god1 & n by ! w ( ,god2 b ,god himself1 by ! mo/ unequivocal decl>ations1 rejects ?is subt]fuge4 ,t m51 h[ev]1 c effect ,,no?+ b by ! secret w ( ,god1 & c delib]ate ^u no?+ b :at he has previ\sly decre$1 & ,,det]m9es by 8 secret direction1 is prov$ by express & innum]able te/imonies4 7,ib4 p4 #baa47 ,aga93 ,if ,god simply =esaw ! fates ( m51 & did n also dispose & fix !m by 8 det]m9ation1 !re w\ld be room to agitate ! "q1 :e!r 8 provid5ce or =esight r5d]$ !m at all necess>y4 ,b1 s9ce he =esees future ev5ts only 9 consequ5ce ( 8 decree t !y %all happ51 x is useless to cont5d ab\t =ekn[l$ge1 :ile x is evid5t t ,,all ?+s come to pass r by ,,ord9ation & ,,decree4 7,vol ii4 p4 #afi47 ,aga93 ,i %all n hesitate1 !re=e1 to confess pla9ly1 ) ,augu/9e1 't ! w ( ,god is ! necessity ( ?+s1 & t :at he has will$ w necess>ily come to pass4' 7,ib4 p4 #aga47 ,aga93 ,) respect to 8 secret influ5ces1 ! decl>ation ( ,solomon conc]n+ ! he>t ( a k+1 t x is incl9$ hi!r or ?i!r accord+ to ! ,div9e w1 c]ta9ly ext5ds to ! :ole human race1 & is z mu* z ?\gh he _h said1 t ,,:atev] ,,conceptions we =m 9 our m9ds1 !y we direct$ by ! secret ,,inspiration ( ,,god4 7,ib4 p4 #bac47 ,f9ally1 = ! pres5t3 ,:at ,god decrees1 says ?is celebrat$ writ]1 mu/ ,,necess>ily come to pass4 7,ib4 p4 #aid47 ,i ?9k x w n be said1 by any "o :o has he>d me att5tively1 t ,i ei!r misrepres5t1 or misund]/&1 ,calv91 :5 ,i impute to him ! doctr9e t ,god has purpos$1 decre$1 det]m9$1 =eorda9$1 pr$e/9at$ :atsoev] comes to pass1 & t he 9 "s way or o!r br+s to pass :atev] occurs4 ,b x may be object$ t we ought n to hold mod]n ,calv9i/s responsible = all ! doctr9es ( ,calv92 t !y no fur!r indorse !m ?an z !y are incorporat$ into _! ackn[l$g$ cre$s4 ,to ?is we cordially ass5t4 ,by ?is rule we w abide4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! language ( ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai?1 ! e/abli%$ /&>d ( or?odoxy 9 ! ,am]ican ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*es8 ,! ?ird *apt] comm5ds ?us3 ,god1 f all et]nity1 did1 by ! mo/ wise & holy c\nsel ( 8 own w1 freely & un*angeably orda9 :atsoev] comes to pass 7p4 #ae72 &1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! fif? *apt]1 we read3 ,god1 ! great ,creator ( all ?+s1 do? uphold1 direct1 dispose1 & gov]n all creatures1 actions1 & ?+s1 f ! greate/ ev5 to ! lea/1 by 8 mo/ wise & holy provid5ce4 ,obs]ve1 he1 accord+ to ?is /atem5t1 n only upholds & gov]ns all creatures1 b directs & disposes all actions & ?+s1 f ! greate/ ev5 to ! lea/4 ,! ,l>g] ,cate*ism says1 9 answ] to ! "q1 ,:at are ! decrees ( ,god8 ,god's decrees are ! wise1 free1 & holy acts ( ! c\nsel ( 8 w1 :]eby1 f all et]nity1 he ha?1 = 8 own glory1 un*angeably =eorda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass 9 "t1 especially conc]n+ angels & m54 ,! ,%ort] ,cate*ism answ]s ! same "q by ^! words3 ,! decrees ( ,god are1 8 et]nal purpose accord+ to ! c\nsel ( 8 w1 :]eby1 = 8 own glory1 he ha? =eorda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass4 ,! next "q 9 ?is ,cate*ism is3 ,h[ do? ,god execute 8 decrees8--,ans4 ,god execute? 8 decrees 9 ! works ( creation & provid5ce4 ,9 a "w1 entitl$ ,an ,exposition ( ! ,confession ( ,fai? ( ! ,we/m9/] ,assembly ( ,div9es1 by ! ,rev4 ,rob]t ,%aw1 publi%$ by ! ,presbyt]ian ,bo>d ( ,publication1 & revis$ by ! ,committee ( ,publication1 we f9d ! foll[+ passages3 ,t ,god mu/ h decre$ all future ?+s is a conclusion :i* fl[s necess>ily f 8 =ekn[l$ge1 indep5d5ce1 & immutability4 7p4 #eh47 ,aga93 ,! decrees ( ,god relate to all future ?+s )\t exception2 :atev] is done 9 "t 0 =eorda9$ be=e ! beg9n+ ( "t4 7p4 #ei47 ,aga93 ,if f all et]nity he knew all ?+s t come to pass1 !n f et]nity he mu/ h orda9$ !m 7p4 #fj74 ,aga93 ,! =ekn[l$ge ( ,god w necess>ily inf] a decree2 = ,god c\ld n =ekn[ t ?+s w\ld be1 unless he _h decre$ !y %\ld be4 7p4 #ei47 ,9 ano!r publication ( ?is ,bo>d1 entitl$ ,fi%]'s ,cate*ism1 we f9d ! foll[+ que/ions & answ]s3-- ,q4 ,:at are ! decrees ( ,god8--,ans4 ,! decrees ( ,god are 8 et]nal purpose1 accord+ to ! c\nsel ( 8 w1 :]eby1 = 8 own glory1 he ha? =eorda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass4 7p4 #ea47 ,q4 ,are all ! decrees ( ,god !n un*angeable8--,ans4 ,yes3 f all et]nity1 he ha?1 = 8 own glory1 un*angeably =eorda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass4 7p4 #ec47 ,q4 ,does any?+ come to pass 9 "t b :at 0 decre$ f et]nity8--,ans4 ,no3 = ! v reason :y any?+ comes to pass 9 "t1 is because ,god decre$ x4 7p4 #ed47 ,q4 ,are ?+s t are casual or accid5tal positively decre$8--,ans4 ,yes4 7,ib47 ,q4 ,:at has ! decree ( ,god fix$ ) respect to man's cont9uance 9 ?is _w8--,ans4 ,x has immovably fix$ ! precise mom5t ( e "o's life & dea?1 ) e p>ticul> circum/ance !re(4 7,ib47 ,q4 ,h[ does ,god execute 8 decrees8--,ans4 ,god executes 8 decrees 9 ! works ( creation & provid5ce4 7p4 #eg47 ,q4 ,:at is x = ,god to execute 8 decrees8--,ans4 ,x is to br+ !m to pass2 or give an actual be+ 9 "t1 to :at he purpos$ f et]nity4 7,ib47 ,q4 ,does n ,god leave ! execution ( 8 decrees to second causes8--,ans4 ,:atev] use ,god may make ( second causes1 9 ! execution ( 8 decrees1 yet !y are m]ely tools 9 8 ov]rul+ h&1 to br+ ab\t 8 glori\s designs1 & mu/ d all 8 pleasure4 7,ib47 ,q4 ,are !re n c]ta9 means by :i* ! decrees ( ,god are execut$8--,ans4 ,yes2 b ^! means are decre$ z well z ! end4 7p4 #eb47 ,q4 ,is !re an exact h>mony or correspond5ce1 betwe5 ,god's decree & ! execution ( x8--,ans4 ,:5 ! ?+ decre$ is br\ght actually into be+1 x exactly corresponds to ! idea or plat=m ( x 9 ! inf9ite m9d ( ,god4 7p4 #eg47 ,q4 ,c none ( ! decrees ( ,god be defeat$ or fail ( execution8--,ans4 ,by no means4 7,ib47 ,q4 ,does ,god's gov]n+ provid5ce include 9 x 8 imm$iate concurr5ce ) e action ( ! creature8--,ans4 ,yes2 ,god n only efficaci\sly concurs 9 produc+ ! action1 z to ! matt] ( x2 b likewise pr$et]m9es ! creature to su* or su* an action1 & n to ano!r1 %utt+ up all o!r ways ( act+1 & leav+ t only op5 :i* he _h det]m9$ to be done4 7p4 #fg47 ,q4 ,:y are ! decrees ( ,god said to be absolute8--,ans4 ,because !y dep5d ^u no condition )\t ,god himself1 b entirely & solely ^u 8 own sov]eign w & pleasure4 7p4 #eb47 ,on page #fg he tells u t ! wor/ action t 0 ev] committ$1 ! crucify+ ( ! ,"l ( glory1 0 ord]$ & direct$ by ,god4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,musgrave says1 c43 ,9 ! =m] *apt]1 we endeavor$ to expla9 & prove ! ?ree foll[+ propositions3-- #a4 ,t all ?+s t come to pass 9 "t1 h be5 et]nally & un*angeably =eorda9$1 because mo/ c]ta9ly =ekn[n to ! inf9itely p]fect ,jehovah4 7p4 #ah47 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,bo>dman1 ( ?is city1 9 8 disc\rses on ! doctr9e ( election1 n only quotes ) approbation t "p ( ! ,confession ( ,fai? :i* says1 ,god1 f all et]nity1 did1 by ! mo/ wise & holy c\nsel ( 8 own w1 freely & un*angeably orda9 :atsoev] comes to pass 7p4 #di71 b also says3 ,"s p]sons appe> to ?9k t ! ,div9e decrees are re/rict$ to spiritual matt]s4 ,?is is s f> f be+ a correct op9ion1 t ! ,scriptures repres5t ,,all ,,ev5ts1 h[ev] trivial1 z be+ embrac$ 9 ^? decrees4 ,9 ?is connection1 he also affirms t ! ,div9e decrees embrace n only ends b means1 & t bo? 9 temporal & spiritual ?+s1 :]e an end is decre$1 ! means by :i* x is to be rea*$ or accompli%$ are also decre$4 7pp4 #ef1 #eg47 ,dr4 ,*alm]s1 9 8 disc\rse on ,pr$e/9ation1 says3 ,let u n conceive t ! ag5cy ( man c br+ ab\t "o s+le iota ( deviation f ! plans & ! purposes ( ,god1 or t he c be compell$ to v>y 9 a s+le case by ! movem5t ( any ( ^? subord9ate be+s :om he ha? himself creat$4 ,!re may be a div]sity ( op]ations1 b x is ,god :o worke? all 9 all4 ,look at ! resolute & indep5d5t man1 & y !n see ! purposes ( ! human m9d ent]$ ^u ) decision1 & foll[$ up by vigor\s & successful ex]tions4 ,b ^! only make up "o div]sity ( ,god's op]ations4 ,! w ( man1 active1 & spontane\s1 & fluctuat+ z x appe>s to be1 is an in/rum5t 9 8 h&--& he turns x at 8 pleasure--& he br+s o!r in/rum5ts to act ^u x--& he plies x ) all its excitem5ts--& he measures ! =ce & proportion ( ea* ( !m--& e /ep ( e individual receives z det]m9ate a "* f ! h& ( ,god1 z e mile ( a planet's orbit1 or e gu/ ( w9d1 or e wave ( ! sea1 or e p>ticle ( fly+ du/1 or e rivulet ( fl[+ wat]4 ,?is p[] ( ,god kn[s no exception4 ,x is absolute & unlimit$1 & :ile x embraces ! va/1 x c>ries its resi/less influ5ce to all ! m9ute & unnotic$ div]sities ( exi/5ce4 ,x reigns & op]ates ?r\gh all ! secrecies ( ! inn] man4 ,x gives bir? to e purpose4 ,x gives impulse to e desire4 ,x gives %ape & color to e conception4 ,x wields an entire asc5d5cy ov] e attribute ( ! m9d1 & ! w1 & ! fancy1 & ! und]/&+1 ) all ! c\ntless v>iety ( _! hidd5 & fugitive op]ations1 are submitt$ to x4 ,x may be suppos$ t :ile we h %[n cle>ly & indubitably t ! doctr9e :i* we propose to exam9e & refute is held by ,old ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians1 x w\ld be an act ( inju/ice ^u our "p1 %\ld we impute x to ^? ( ! ,new ,s*ool4 ,_m ?9k t ! ,new ,s*ool h reject$ ! lead+ doctr9es ( ,calv9ism1 z set =? 9 ! ,confession ( ,fai?4 ,?is is a v errone\s impression4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,qu>t]ly ,review--a "w rec5tly orig9at$ & su/a9$ by ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians--rem>ks z foll[s3 ,:atev] difficulties !re may be 9 ! philosophy ( ! fact1 x is c]ta9 t ! idea ( ,presbyt]ianism actuates itself !ologically 9 ,calv9ism4 7,vol4 i4 ,no4 ,i4 p4 #ah47 ,aga93 ,s f> z we are in=m$1 !re is n a m9i/] ( our body :o does n love & *]i% ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai? z ! be/ human del9eation ( ,biblical !ology4 7p4 #e47 ,aga93 ,aft] fifte5 ye>s1 9 ! body ) :i* we are connect$1 no man has mov$ to alt] a tittle ( ! ,confession ( ,fai?4 7p4 #c47 ,aga93 ,z we love ! ,confession ( ,fai? & ! ,cate*isms1 we %all /& ready to v9dicate !m f ,arm9ian1 ,soc9ian1 & infidel assaults on ! "o side1 z well z ,ant9omian glosses on ! o!r4 7p4 #aj47 ,aga93 ,we mu/ !n1 if we w\ld obey ! voice ( ,god's provid5ce1 tea* our *ildr5 ! priceless glories ( _! fai? 7p4 #aeb74 ,:o tells !m t ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai? is a model ( noble writ+8 7p4 #aec47 ,! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai?1 ) ! ,cate*isms1 has rec5tly be5 republi%$ by ! au?ority ( ! ,new ,s*ool ,g5]al ,assembly1 z ! cre$ ( _! ,*ur*4 ,_h !y made any mat]ial *anges 9 _! cre$1 s f> z ,calv9ism is conc]n$1 ?is w\ld h be5 ! "t to manife/ !m4 ,b ! ,new ,s*ool ,confession ( ,fai? is a m]e repr9t ( t ( ! ,old ,s*ool4 ,! ,rev4 ,alb]t ,b>nes1 9 a s]mon 9 behalf ( ! ,am]ican ,home ,mission>y ,society1 prea*$ 9 ,new ,york & 9 ,philadelphia1 says ( t in/itution3 ,x _c be d5i$1 x ne$ n be d5i$1 t ! =m ( ,*ri/ianity :i* x seeks & expects to propagate1 is t :i* has be5 mu* spok5 aga9/ 9 ! _w1 & kn[n z ! ,calv9i/ic =m1 & t x expects to make its way because !re are m9ds 9 e community t are likely to embrace ,*ri/ianity 9 t =m1 because x is presum$ t ! m m9d is elevat$1 & cultivat$1 & br\ght into connection ) s*ools & colleges1 ! m likely x w be to embrace t =m4 7p4 #ch47 ,aga91 9 a s]mon prea*$ be=e ! ,new ,s*ool ,g5]al ,assembly1 ,may #bj1 #aheb1 he comm5ces a p>agraph ) ^! words3 ,! ,calv9i/ic d5om9ation ( ,*ri/ians1 ( :i* we are a "p 7p4 #ab74 ,aga91 he says3 ,z ?is =m ( ,*ri/ianity is repres5t$ 9 ! great d5om9ational family to :i* we belong1 x comb9es two ?+s--! ,presbyt]ian =m ( gov]nm5t1 & ! ,calv9i/ic or ,augu/9ian type ( doctr9e4 7,ib47 ,?is em95t writ]1 :om ,i hold 9 v high e/eem = 8 le>n+1 intellig5ce1 & piety1 not)/&+ 8 ,calv9ism1 expresses 8 views ( ! ,div9e decrees 9 ^! words3-- ,b on ?is po9t1 ! entire movem5t ( ! _w be>s ! m>ks ( be+ conduct$ accord+ to a plan4 ,we defy a man to lay 8 f+] on a fact :i* has n su* a relation to o!r facts z to %[ t x is a "p ( a s*eme2 & if ( a s*eme1 !n ( a purpose =m$ be=eh&4 7,introd4 to ,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #ec47 ,aga93 ,! ev5t :i* 0 ?us =ekn[n1 mu/ h be51 = "s cause1 c]ta9 & fix$1 s9ce an unc]ta9 ev5t c\ld n possibly be =ekn[n4 ,to talk ( =ekn[+ a cont+5t ev5t z c]ta91 :i* may or may n exi/1 is an absurdity4 7,notes on ,romans1 viii4 #bi47 ,aga93 ,we int]pret ! decrees ( ,god1 s f> z we c d x1 by facts2 & we say t ! actual result1 by :atev] means br\ght ab\t1 is ! expression ( ! design ( ,god4 7,introd4 to ,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #dc47 ,! ,saybrook ,plat=m & ,confession ( ,fai?1 :i* conta9s ! fai? ( ! ,new ,engl& ,congregationali/s1 holds precisely ! same language respect+ ! ,div9e decrees1 ) ! ,confession ( ,fai? ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*es4 ,i am 9 possession ( a "w entitl$ ,a ,confession ( ,fai? put =? by ! ,eld]s & ,bre?r5 ( _m ,congregations ( ,*ri/ians 7baptiz$ ^u pr(ession ( _! fai?7 9 ,london & ! c\ntry2 adopt$ by ! ,bapti/ ,association1 met at ,philadelphia1 ,septemb] #be1 #ageb4 ,! *apt]s 9 ?is ,confession :i* relate to ,god's decree & ,provid5ce1 are1 ) v slight v>iations ( phraseology1 n affect+ ! s5se1 ! same ) ^? 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai?1 & ! ,saybrook ,plat=m4 ,x is ?or\ghly ,calv9i/ic4 ,! ,bapti/ ,cate*ism1 publi%$ by ! ,am]ican ,bapti/ ,publication ,society1 conta9s ! foll[+ "q & answ]3-- ,q4 ,:at are ! decrees ( ,god8--,ans4 ,! decrees ( ,god are 8 et]nal purposes1 accord+ to ! c\nsel ( 8 w1 :]eby1 = 8 own glory1 he ha? =eorda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass4 ,! ,confession ( ,fai? ( ! ,dut* ,re=m$ ,*ur* says3 ,we believe t ! same ,god1 aft] he _h creat$ all ?+s1 did n =sake !m or give !m up to =tune or *ance1 b t he rules & gov]ns !m accord+ to 8 holy w1 s t no?+ happ5s 9 ?is _w )\t 8 appo9tm5t4 ,aga93 ,?is doctr9e af=ds u unspeakable consolation1 s9ce we are taught !reby1 t no?+ c befall u by *ance1 b by ! direction ( our mo/ graci\s & ,heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,m>k1 accord+ to ?is1 ,,no?+ happ5s b ) ! ,,appo9tm5t & by ! ,,direction ( our ,heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,my he>]s w1 by ?is "t1 be fully conv9c$ t ,i h n mis/at$ ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( ,div9e pr$e/9ation4 ,! application ( ?is doctr9e to ! f9al de/9ies ( m5 & angels con/itutes ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( election & reprobation4 ,^u ?is po9t1 ,calv9 says3-- ,pr$e/9ation we call ! et]nal decree ( ,god1 by :i* he has det]m9$ 9 himself :at he w\ld h become ( e individual ( mank9d4 ,= !y are n all creat$ ) a simil> de/9y1 b et]nal life is =eorda9$ = "s1 & et]nal damnation = o!rs4 ,e man !re=e be+ creat$ = "o or ! o!r ( ^! ends1 we say he is pr$e/9at$ ei!r to et]nal life or dea?4 7,vol4 ii4 p4 #ade47 ,aga93 ,obs]ve2 all ?+s be+ at ,god's disposal1 & ! decision ( salvation or dea? belong+ to him1 he ord]s all ?+s by 8 c\nsel & decree 9 su* a mann]1 t "s m5 are born devot$ f ! womb to c]ta9 dea?1 t 8 "n may be glorifi$ 9 _! de/ruction4 7,ib4 #afi47 ,aga93 ,i inquire1 aga91 h[ x came to pass t ! fall ( ,adam1 indep5d5t ( any rem$y1 %\ld involve s _m nations ) _! infant *ildr5 9 et]nal dea?1 b because su* 0 ! w ( ,god4 ,_! tongues1 s loquaci\s on e o!r po9t1 mu/ "h be /ruck dumb4 ,x is an awful decree1 ,i confess b no "o c d5y t ,god =eknew ! future f9al fate ( man be=e he creat$ him1 & t he did =ekn[ x because x 0 appo9t$ by 8 own decree4 7,ib4 #agj47 ,^u ?is po9t1 ! ,presbyt]ian ,confession ( ,fai?1 ! ,saybrook ,plat=m1 & ! ,bapti/ ,confession ( ,fai?1 hold ! foll[+ language3-- ,by ! decree ( ,god = ! manife/ation ( 8 glory1 "s m5 & angels are pr$e/9at$ to ev]la/+ life1 & o!rs =eorda9$ to ev]la/+ dea?4 ,^? angels & m51 ?us pr$e/9at$ & =eorda9$1 are p>ticul>ly & un*angeably design$2 & _! numb] is s c]ta9 & def9ite1 t x _c be ei!r increas$ or dim9i%$4 ,^? ( mank9d t are pr$e/9at$ unto life1 ,god1 be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w 0 laid1 accord+ to 8 et]nal & immutable purpose1 & ! secret c\nsel & good pleasure ( 8 w1 ha? *os5 9 ,*ri/1 unto ev]la/+ glory1 out ( 8 m]e free grace & love1 )\t any =esight ( fai? or good works1 or p]sev]ance 9 ei!r ( !m1 or any o!r ?+ 9 ! creature1 z conditions or causes mov+ him !reunto1 & all unto ! praise ( 8 glori\s grace4 ,i d n say t ,calv9i/s nev] contradict any ( ^! /atem5ts4 ,nor d ,i pr(ess to h spread out ! entire !ory ( ,calv9ism4 ,! "q n[ relates to _! doctr9e ( ,div9e decrees4 ,i am fully conv9c$ t ! times dem& a review & comp>ison ( ! two oppos+ sy/ems1 ,calv9ism & ,arm9ianism4 ,our ,calv9i/ic bre?r51 bo? ,old & ,new ,s*ool1 are putt+ =? high claims 9 behalf ( _! sy/em1 & speak+ ( ours 9 v disp>ag+ t]ms4 ,! ,rev4 ,alb]t ,b>nes tells u1 9 8 s]mon 9 behalf ( ! ,home ,mission>y ,society1 prea*$ 9 #ahdi1 t ! m m9d is elevat$1 & cultivat$1 & br\ght into connection ) colleges & s*ools1 ! m likely x w be to embrace ! ,calv9i/ic =m ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he ?9ks t ,calv9i/s w be increas$ j 9 proportion z s*ools & colleges c be f\nd$1 & an intellig5t & educat$ m9i/ry s5t out4 ,he does n suppose t ! entire m9d ( ! we/ w embrace ,calv9i/ic views1 b he does expect t a consid]able portion ( ! educat$ & rul+ m9d w 7p4 #dj74 ,he tells u1 9 8 s]mon deliv]$ be=e ! ,new ,s*ool ,g5]al ,assembly1 conv5$ 9 ,wa%+ton 9 #aheb1 t pa/ hi/ory has %[n t ! class ( m9ds mo/ likely to embrace ! ,calv9i/ic sy/em is mo/ likely to be f\nd among ! ?9k+1 ! sob]1 ! educat$1 ! firm1 ! cons]vative1 & ! free 7p4 #aj72 t ! ,calv9i/ic sy/em id5tifies itself ) education1 & a l>ge portion ( ! cultivat$ m9d ( a community w be always imbu$ ) ! s5tim5ts ( ! sy/em4 7p4 #ae47 ,?is seems to imply1 :atev] may be int5d$1 t ,arm9ianism has special aff9ities = ignorance2 t x is m indebt$ to ignorance ?an to intellig5ce = its diffusion2 t its *ances = success w be dim9i%$1 9 proportion z s\nd education advances1 & ! m9i/ry becomes intellig5t4 ,if ?is be s1 ,arm9ians are pursu+ a suicidal policy2 = no ,*ri/ian d5om9ation has e/abli%$ z _m colleges & academies 9 ! same l5g? ( "t z ! ,me?odi/s4 ,t ,arm9ianism takes bett] ?an ,calv9ism ) ! masses is und5iable2 b ?is may be because x possesses a sup]ior adaptation to ! wants ( humanity4 ,our ,savi\r gave x z a di/9ctive m>k ( ! u%]+ 9 ( ! la/ disp5sation t ! poor h ! gospel prea*$ unto !m1 :i* implies t ! poor1 & consequ5tly ! un$ucat$1 may und]/& x4 ,mr4 ,b>nes goes fur!r4 ,he intimates t ! diff]5t !ological sy/ems are ! result ( "s orig9al peculi>ity 9 c]ta9 classes ( m9ds2 t !re are m9ds1 n a few 9 numb]1 or unimportant 9 "*1 :i*1 :5 conv]t$1 w naturally embrace ,calv9ism4 ,he w n und]take to say :e!r ,john ,wesley c\ld h be5 a ,calv9i/1 b he c say t ,jona?an ,edw>ds c\ld nev] h be5 any?+ else4 ,he repeats ?is s5tim5t ?ree ye>s aft]1 9 ^! words3 ,!re are m9ds1 inde$1 & ^? 9 _m respects ( a high ord]1 t w n m>k ! phraseology6 see ! tru? ( ! ,calv9i/ic sy/em2 b !re are m9ds t c nev] see ! tru? ( an opposite sy/em4 ,we c\ld n p]haps und]take to say :e!r ,john ,wesley c\ld ev] h be5 a ,calv9i/1 b we c say t ,jona?an ,edw>ds c\ld nev] h be5 any?+ else2 & if !re be a m9d 9 any community =m$ l t ( ,edw>ds1 we anticipate t x w embrace ! same great sy/em :i* he def5d$4 ,n[ x is inconceivable t ,mr4 ,b>nes %\ld consid] ! ,arm9ian sup]ior or equal to ! ,calv9i/ic m9d4 ,t mu/ be ! be/ m5tal /ructure :i* is mo/ 9 h>mony ) ! be/ !ory4 ,! t5or ( 8 rem>ks indicates cle>ly 8 op9ion ^u ?is po9t4 ,i c h>dly express ! a/oni%m5t :i* ,i felt ^u read+ ?is /range s5tim5t f s ju/ly di/+ui%$ a writ]4 ,x appe>$ to me to be grossly unphilosophical1 imply+ ei!r t tru? is n homog5e\s2 t contradictory propositions may be equally true2 or t ,god has con/itut$ "s m9ds falsely4 ,x is presumable t betwe5 tru? & m9d1 9 its orig9al normal condition--m9d n p]v]t$ by errone\s education1 or prejudice1 or passion1 or depravity 9 any =m-- !re w be a /rict cong5iality1 s t tru? w be pref]r$ to error4 ,b ?is doctr9e implies t "o set ( m9ds w1 "u ! same circum/ances1 f _! peculi> natural con/itution1 pref] ! tru?1 & ano!r set reject x4 ,x is obvi\sly ( v dang]\s practical t5d5cy4 ,:ile ! ,calv9i/ may ref] to x to acc\nt = 8 be+ a ,calv9i/1 & ! ,arm9ian to acc\nt = 8 be+ an ,arm9ian1 ! infidel may claim t x is f ! same cause t he is an infidel4 ,8 reject+ ! ,bible is ! natural inevitable result ( ! peculi> m5tal con/itution :i* ,god gave him4 ,mr4 ,b>nes tells u t ,calv9ism does n appeal to passion2 b1 if ,i am n v greatly mi/ak51 & y may judge :e!r ,i am or n1 its advocates appeal v significantly to pride ( intellect4 ,x (f]s gross flatt]y z ! price ( adhesion & support4 ,:at else c be inf]r$ f ! passages :i* ,i h quot$1 ?an t by becom+ ,calv9i/s y w class y\rselves ) m9ds ( a sup]ior /ructure1 & ) ! educat$ & cultivat$1 & w occupy an elevation f :i* y c look d[n ^u ! less favor$ ,arm9ians8 ,a writ] 9 ! ,new ,s*ool ,qu>t]ly ,review has ?is rem>k3 ,our physical frame c\ld ab\t z well be erect1 & adapt$ = its purposes )\t a backbone1 z piety be complete )\t ,calv9ism4 7,vol4 i4 ,no4 ,i4 p4 #ai47 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,l[ry1 9 8 ,se>* = ,tru?1 claims t ! doctr9e ( human depravity--! complete ru9 ( man--! ju/ice ( 8 condemnation--! legal or cov5ant relation ( ,adam & 8 po/]ity--! necessity ( an atonem5t--& its vic>i\s nature1 belong exclusively to ! ,calv9i/ic sy/em4 ,he admits t ! ,arm9ian (t5 makes use ( ! same phraseology z ! ,calv9i/1 b !n he rejects ! prop] & scriptural s5se4 ,! ,arm9ian1 he says1 attempts to connect ) 8 sy/em ! doctr9e ( a vic>i\s atonem5t1 because ! phrase is a popul> "o1 & he _c well d )\t x2 b :5 we come to exam9e its mean+1 we f9d t lie has no claim to x :atev]4 ,he may hold on to ! "n1 b no?+ m4 ,! sub/ance is z diff]5t f ! view :i* =ms a "p ( 8 cre$1 z a city on ! ,atlantic coa/ diff]s f a small village 9 ! backwoods4 7pp4 #ee1 #ef47 ,aga93 ,! pr9ciples :i* lie at ! f\ndation ( ! ,arm9ian doctr9e ( ability & grace1 are n only calculat$ to de/roy ! en]gies ( ! ,*ur*1 & unh+e ! in/itutions ( society1 z ,i h endeavor$ to %[1 b !y g /ill fur!r2 !y ent] ! ,*ri/ian's closet1 & de/roy ! life & s\l ( 8 private devotions4 ,!y are calculat$ to dry up e f\nta91 & de/roy e spr+ ( religi\s feel+ & action4 7p4 #hf47 ,aga93 ,arm9ians are )\t any consi/5t & h>moni\s sy/em ( doctr9e4 ,x is true t1 on speak+ ( ! doctr9es ( ^? :o hold to ,arm9ian s5tim5ts1 we are 9 ! habit ( us+ ! ^w sy/em1 b x is only z a matt] ( conv5i5ce & c\rtesy4 ,"s ( ^? doctr9es may su/a9 a logical connection ) o!rs--su* z ! doctr9e ( fall+ f grace1 & ! d5ial ( div9e effici5cy 9 conv]sion & sanctification --b ,arm9ianism1 z a :ole1 is a coat ( _m colors1 t has be5 pat*$ & piec$ s9ce ! days ( ,pelagius1 accord+ to ! ta/e & caprice ( ! man t we>s x4 7p4 #aef47 ,aga93 ,x requires b half an eye to see1 t ! view ( ! fall ( man & ! relation we su/a9 to ,adam1 z f\nd 9 ! /&>ds ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 vitiate ! :ole ,gospel s*eme2 t ! pr9ciples gr[+ out ( ! view !re pres5t$1 lead to fundam5tal error ) reg>d to ! nature ( virtue & vice1 & de/roy all human acc\ntability2 t ! nature ( ! rem$y f\nd 9 ! same /&>ds necess>ily de/roys all motive to intellig5t action & labor ^u ! "p ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! great "w be=e h]1 holds out no enc\ragem5t to pray]2 degrades ! "* ( ,god to t ( a debtor & apologi/ = injuries he has done to ! creature2 & exalts ! creature to heav5 by a k9d ( semi-omnipot5ce ( 8 own4 ,su* consequ5ces z ^! ,i say are dang]\s & ru9\s4 7p4 #aeg47 ,?is book d]ives its importance f its be+ adopt$ by ! ,presbyt]ian ,bo>d ( ,publication1 & its be>+ ! imprimatur ( t in/itution4 ,x is comm5d$ by _! catalogue z well wor?y ( p]usal by ^? :o h d\bts z to ! scriptural "* ( ^? doctr9es :i* ignorance & prejudice br& z ! horrible dogmas ( ,calv9ism4' ,x 0 publi%$ 9 #aheb4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian1 ( ,june #be1 #ahec1 ?us expresses 8 views ( ,arm9ianism3 ,did we prea* ,arm9ianism to ! p1 we c\ld get t5 into our *ur*es :]e we n[ get "o2 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,arm9ianism is f> m palatable to deprav$ nature ?an ,calv9ism4 ,aga93 ,^! bre?r5 g too fa/1 get m5 into ! visible k+dom too soon2 lull !m to ev]la/+ sleep by _! soporific measures & doctr9al anodynes1 !reby break+ d[n ! b>ri]s :i* sep>ate ! ,*ur* f ! _w1 & ru9+ hundr$s ( s\ls :]e !y save "o4 ,let our "y m5 be made to feel r t ,arm9ianism is a dang]\s delusion :]ev] x is prea*$1 & uphold ) all _! might & ma9 real old-fa%ion$ ,calv9ism4 ,x is a v common ?+ ) ,calv9i/s to ref] opposition to ,calv9ism to depravity1 z its s\rce4 ,! ,presbyt]ian ,bann]1 = ,nov4 #e1 #ahec1 conta9s ! foll[+3 ,! natural he>t recoils f pr$e/9ation4 ,! ungodly hate x4 ,our :ole sy/em is too humbl+ to human pride to f9d fri5ds ev5 among ! vici\s4 ,?is is to u a /rong affirmation ( its tru?4 ,!y also claim = ,calv9ism t x is n only specially conducive to civil & religi\s lib]ty1 b t x is ess5tial !reto4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wilson1 ( ! ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 9 an address deliv]$ be=e ! lit]>y societies ( ,delaw>e ,college1 9 #aheb1 w5t out ( 8 way to eulogize ,calv9ism 9 ^! t]ms3 ,calv9ism & human lib]ty fl\ri% side by side1 or r ! latt] is n f\nd )\t ! =m]2 & n[h]e at ?is h\r is !re true fre$om1 true indep5d5ce ( op9ion 9 ,*ur* or ,/ate :]e ,calv9ism is n ! f\ndation4 ,calv9i/s mu/ be v =getful ( _! hi/ory1 or !y mu/ suppose t all o!rs are ignorant or =getful ( x4 ,b x is n my int5tion1 at pres5t1 to reply to ?is extravagant pret5sion4 ,i d n object to ! publication ( ^! views f ! pulpit & ! press4 ,if our bre?r5 ent]ta9 !m1 !y h a "r to publi% !m4 ,x is manly to d s4 ,b x may be obligatory ^u u to /& up = :at we believe to be ! tru?1 & to oppose :at we believe to be error4 ,i %all endeavor to d s1 ! ,"l be+ my help]4 ,,disc\rse ,,ii4 ,9 :om also we h obta9$ an inh]itance1 be+ pr$e/9at$ accord+ to ! purpose ( him :o worke? all ?+s aft] ! c\nsel ( 8 own w4--,,eph4 i4 #aa4 ,,9 ! prec$+ disc\rse1 ,i call$ att5tion to ! fact t ! oppon5ts ( ,calv9ism are frequ5tly *>g$ ) misund]/&+ ?r\gh ignorance1 or grossly misrepres5t+ x4 ,i read passages f sev]al1 *>g+ u ) calumny1 defamation1 sl&]1 & ev5 blasphemy4 ,9 view ( ^! *>ges1 (t5 made & reit]at$1 & widely spread1 ) high (ficial sanction1 & likely to be repeat$ :5ev] ,calv9ism is boldly inve/igat$1 ,i deem$ x necess>y to %[1 by num]\s quotations1 t ,i d n misrepres5t x :5 ,i impute to x ! doctr9e t ,god has will$1 propos$1 & decre$ :atsoev] comes to pass1 & t1 9 "s way or o!r1 he br+s to pass :atev] occurs4 ,= ?is purpose1 ,i ref]r$ to ! ackn[l$g$ publications ( ! ,presbyt]ian1 ,congregational1 ,bapti/1 & ,re=m$ ,dut* ,*ur*es4 ,i not$1 p>ticul>ly1 t ?is doctr9e is held by ! ,new ,s*ool ,presbyt]ians1 because x is suppos$ by _m t !y h ab&on$ x1 & t _! rejection ( x con/itutes "o ( ! po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 !m & ! ,old ,s*ool4 ,i also quot$ l>gely to %[ t e>ne/ ef=ts are 9 progress to exalt ,calv9ism1 & disp>age ,arm9ianism & ,arm9ians4 ,we n[ propose to te/ ?is dogma ( ,calv9ism by reason & ,scripture4 ,we %all n1 at pres5t1 ent] ^u ! exam9ation ( ! pro(-texts1 ?\gh we hold ! ,holy ,scriptures to be ! ultimate au?ority on all !ological que/ions1 b %all comp>e x ) ackn[l$g$ ,scripture pr9ciples4 ,&1 yet1 x may be v reasonably expect$ t "s att5tion w be paid to ! passage :i*1 accord+ to cu/om1 has be5 select$ z pres5t+ ! subject ( disc\rse4 ,x is ! v fir/ pro( -text adduc$ by ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai?1 b x fails to meet ! dem& made ^u x4 ,x does n conta9 ! doctr9e s\ght to be prov$4 ,x does1 inde$1 ass]t ! pr$e/9ation ( believ]s to c]ta9 bless+s1 a po9t n 9 dispute1 & also t !y are pr$e/9at$ to ^! bless+s accord+ to ,god's purpose2 b all ?is is v f> f tea*+ t ,god has =eorda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass4 ,! pro( is suppos$ by "s to be conta9$ 9 ! rema9+ portion ( ! passage--:o worke? all ?+s1 c4 ,b we mu/ take ! entire expression ( ! apo/le 9 ord] to get 8 mean+1 :o worke? all ?+s aft] ! c\nsel ( 8 own w4 ,by ?is he means to say1 m]ely1 t1 9 :atev] ,god does t[>ds m5 or angels1 he is uncontroll$4 ,he c>ries out 8 own free purposes4 ,he does n con=m to ! c\nsels ( o!rs4 ,he does n yield to ! clamors ( discont5t$ subjects1 or make concessions to contempor>y & indep5d5t p[]s4 ,! words are ?us p>aphras$ by ,mc,knight1 a ,calv9i/ic comm5tator3 ,accord+ to ! graci\s purpose ( him1 :o effectually accompli%e? all 8 b5evol5t int5tions1 by ! mo/ prop] means1 accord+ to ! wise det]m9ation ( 8 own w4 ,we may1 ) z mu* propriety1 argue f ! apo/olic injunction1 ,d all ?+s )\t murmur+s & disput+s 7,phil4 ii4 #ad71 t ,*ri/ians are requir$ by ! law ( ,god to d all ?+s absolutely1 z1 f ! clause "u consid]ation1 t ,god has decre$ & executes :atsoev] comes to pass4 ,b1 if our bre?r5 insi/ ^u s und]/&+ ! apo/le1 we %all hold !m to _! int]pretation4 ,we %all n all[ !m to contradict x :5ev] ! exig5cies ( ! argum5t may r5d] x conv5i5t4 #a4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ?is !ory ( pr$e/9ation is inconsi/5t ) ! doctr9e ( man's free moral ag5cy4 ,! =ce ( ?is objection is readily p]ceiv$4 ,x is impossible t we %\ld be free ag5ts1 :5 all ! ext]nal circum/ances t affect u1 & all our m5tal & bodily acts1 are pr$et]m9$ & br\ght ab\t by ,god4 ,man is ?us r$uc$ to1 a m]e passive in/rum5t4 ,he is no?+ m ?an a complicate & curi\s ma*9e--a man-ma*9e1 an automaton--^: e movem5t is conceiv$1 det]m9$1 direct$1 controll$ by a sup]visor4 ,x avails no?+ to apply to him t]ms :i* signify fre$om4 ,we may say t he has ! p[] to w2 t he actually wills2 b ! difficulty is n reliev$4 ,! be+ :o end[$ him ) ?is faculty has =eorda9$ & br+s to pass1 by a well-direct$ ag5cy1 e movem5t ( t faculty4 ,we may say t he wills accord+ to 8 incl9ations1 & is !re=e free2 b ,god has decre$ & br+s to pass all 8 incl9ations4 ,we may say t he acts accord+ to 8 w1 & n aga9/ 8 w2 /ill no?+ is ga9$1 s9ce all 8 purposes1 & ! movem5ts by :i* he executes !m1 are equally preorda9$ & br\ght to pass by ,god4 ,we may say t he is consci\s ( act+ freely1 b ?is is a m]e delusion1 if ! doctr9e we are consid]+ be true4 ,by ! v logic :i* reconciles x ) free ag5cy 9 man1 ,i w und]take to prove t e /eamboat & e railroad-eng9e is a free ag5t4 ,calv9i/ic free ag5cy mu/ be some?+ analog\s to ,bi%op ,hughes's fre$om ( consci5ce1 inde/ructible & inviolable1 9 its v nature & ess5ce2 s t a man may be d5i$ ! privilege ( read+ ! ,bible1 or ( propagat+ or ent]ta9+ any op9ions contr>y to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome--he may be ?r[n into prison1 & put to torture1 = refus+ to subscribe to its dogmas1 or to wor%ip accord+ to =ms :i* he holds to be idolatr\s--& yet he enjoys fre$om ( consci5ce4 ,s1 accord+ to ! tea*+s ( mod]n ,calv9ism1 man is a free ag5t1 not)/&+ all ! circum/ances :i* surr\nd him1 ) all 8 s5sations1 emotions1 desires1 purposes1 volitions & acts 7 decre$ f et]nity1 & br\ght to pass by a p[] :i* he c nei!r control nor resi/4 ,?is free ag5cy mu/ !n be some?+ absolutely inviolable 9 its nature & ess5ce1 some?+ :i* ,god himself _c de/roy or imp+e except by t]m9at+ ! exi/5ce ( ! be+ 9 :om x inh]es4 ,z ,bi%op ,hughes's fre$om ( consci5ce is v diff]5t f :at is g5]ally und]/ood to be fre$om ( consci5ce1 s ! free ag5cy :i* may be made to h>monize ) ?is doctr9e1 is diff]5t f :at is usually und]/ood to be free ag5cy4 ,x is n ! p[] to act o!rwise ?an z we d act1 or to *oose or w o!rwise ?an z we d *oose or w4 #b4 ,?is doctr9e1 be+ at v>iance ) man's free ag5cy1 is1 by necess>y consequ5ce1 at v>iance ) 8 moral acc\ntability4 ,!re w\ld be z mu* reason 9 hold+ ! atmosph]e acc\ntable1 or ! trees1 or ! grass1 or ! clods1 or ! /ones4 ,all 8 views1 feel+s1 & volitions1 be+ ?us pr$et]m9$1 he c no m be acc\ntable = !m ?an = ! circum/ances ( 8 bir?1 or ! natural color ( 8 sk94 ,he _c reasonably be made ! subject ( comm5dation or c5sure--( rew>d or puni%m5t4 #c4 ,x also foll[s1 f ?is doctr9e1 t !re is n1 & _c be any su* ?+ z s94 ,if man be n a free ag5t--if he be incapable ( act+ o!rwise ?an z pr$et]m9$ by ,jehovah--he is incapable ( ei!r virtue or vice4 ,x w\ld be z reasonable to pr$icate virtue or vice ( ! flux & reflux ( ! tides1 or ! circulation ( ! blood1 z ( man or angel "u su* circum/ances4 ,&1 m>k6 if we1 = ! sake ( ! argum5t1 %\ld admit t man is capable ( virtue1 not)/&+ all 8 acts are =eorda9$ & r5d]$ infallibly c]ta9 by a p[] :i* he _c successfully resi/1 he is /ill incapable ( vice4 ,he _c s91 = ?is pla91 all-suffici5t reason--he _c act o!rwise ?an accord+ to ! w ( ,god4 ,no?+ comes to pass 9 "t b :at 0 decre$ f et]nity4 ,none ( ! decrees ( ,god c be defeat$ or fail ( execution4 ,s ,calv9ism explicitly affirms4 ,fur!r1 :ile ! inf]5ce t !re is & c be no s9 is fairly d$ucible f ! supposition t man is n a free ag5t1 x does n dep5d ^u t supposition4 ,let x be admitt$1 = ! purpose ( ! argum5t1 t man is a free ag5t1 & capable ( s9n+1 not)/&+ all 8 actions 7 pr$et]m9$1 & :at is ! /ate ( ! case8 ,/ill he has n s9n$4 ,he has done no?+ b :at ,god freely will$ & orda9$ he %\ld d4 ,! p]fect ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/ consi/$ 9 8 do+ 9 all respects ! w ( ! ,fa!r4 ,ei!r1 !n1 x may be s9ful to d ! w ( ,god1 or !re is--!re c be no s94 ,i d n "k ( any way 9 :i* ?is consequ5ce c be avoid$4 ,i d n believe t x c4 ,let u take ano!r view ( ?is po9t4 ,let ! advocates ( ?is doctr9e succe$ 9 prov+ t man is a free ag5t1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! t]m1 & capable ( s9n+1 not)/&+ all 8 actions are decre$ & br\ght to pass by ,god1 & we h be=e u ?is rem>kable result3 ,e individual ( ! human race1 :ile 9 a /ate ( probation1 )\t a k ( ,god's pr$et]m9ation respect+ him1 & )\t any controll+ influ5ce br\ght to be> ^u him1 has1 9 e in/ance1 will$ & act$ 9 accordance ) ! w ( ,god4 ,! result is univ]sal volunt>y hol9ess4 ,"h1 !n1 is a dilemma4 ,ei!r !re is no possibility ( s9 or ( hol9ess1 or1 if !re be a possibility ( s9 or ( hol9ess1 !re is1 9 fact1 no s9 --!re is1 9 fact1 univ]sal hol9ess4 #d4 ,if x be ass]t$ t s9 exi/s1 not)/&+ ?is p]fect co9cid5ce betwe5 ! w ( ,god & ! conduct ( 8 creatures1 x w foll[1 mo/ conclusively1 t ,god is ! au?or ( s94 ,he has decre$ & br+s to pass all ! s5sations1 p]ceptions1 emotions1 incl9ations1 volitions1 & ov]t actions1 ( ! :ole human race4 ,v>i\s attempts h be5 made to avoid ?is result1 b !y are all futile4 ,! ,confession ( ,fai? says3 ,god1 f all et]nity1 did1 by ! mo/ wise & holy c\nsel ( 8 own w1 freely & un*angeably orda9 :atsoev] comes to pass2 yet s z !reby nei!r is ,god ! au?or ( s94 ,we pay all respect to ?is z a disclaim]4 ,our ,presbyt]ian bre?r5 d n int5d to *>ge ,god ) be+ ! au?or ( s94 ,b we are compell$ to reg>d ^! propositions z directly contradictory to ea* o!r4 ,is n a be+ ! au?or ( t :i* he orig9ally designs & decrees1 & subsequ5tly br+s into exi/5ce8 & is x n ma9ta9$ t he decre$ f all et]nity1 & br+s to pass :atev] occurs8 ,ei!r s9 has n come to pass1 or ,god is ! au?or ( x4 ,x is useless to say t ,god has br\ght to pass ! act1 b n ! s9fulness4 ,! s9fulness has come to pass4 ,x is useless to say t s9 is man's1 & n ,god's act4 ,man does no?+ b :at ,god has decre$1 &1 9 "s infallible way leads him to d4 ,god's p[]1 says ,dr4 ,*alm]s1 gives bir? to e purpose2 x gives impulse to e desire1 gives %ape & color to e conception4 ,says ,fi%]1 9 8 ,cate*ism3 ,god n only efficaci\sly concurs 9 produc+ ! action z to ! matt] ( x1 b likewise pr$et]m9es ! creature to su* or su* an action1 & n to ano!r1 %utt+ up all o!r ways ( act+1 & leav+ only t op5 :i* he _h det]m9$ to be done4 ,we might1 ) va/ly m plausibility1 d5y t ,paul 0 ! au?or ( 8 ,epi/les1 because he employ$ an amanu5sis1 or1 = ! same reason1 d5y t ,milton 0 ! au?or ( ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,x is useless "h to speculate ^u ! reasons :i* induc$ ,god to orda9 & br+ s9 to pass4 ,we are n[ conc]n$ ) ! fact m]ely1 & we h5ce conclude t he is ! au?or ( s9 & ! only be+ prop]ly answ]able = x4 #e4 ,if ! advocates ( ?is doctr9e %\ld /ill insi/ t x does n make ,god ! au?or ( s92 t man is a free ag5t1 & prop]ly responsible = 8 actions1 not)/&+ !y are =eorda9$2 ,i press !m ) ?is pla9 consequ5ce--,god is1 to say ! lea/1 a p>ticipant 9 ! s9n+4 ,& he is n m]ely a coadjutor1 b ! pr9cipal--! pr9cipal 9 e in/ance ( s9n+4 ,he orig9ates ! fir/ conception ( ! s9n+ act4 ,he =ms ! plan4 ,he arranges all ! circum/ances4 ,he1 by 8 provid5ce1 applies ! influ5ce by :i* ! result is effectuat$4 ,"h1 !n1 is a dilemma f :i* !re is no escape4 ,ei!r ,god is1 /rictly & prop]ly1 ! au?or ( s91 or he is a p>ticipant !re91 & n m]ely accessory1 b ! pr9cipal1 ! plott]1 ! prime mov]1 ! ,,r+lead] !re(4 #f4 ,ano!r inevitable consequ5ce ( ?is doctr9e is t1 admitt+ ! exi/5ce ( s91 ,god pref]s s9 to hol9ess 9 e in/ance 9 :i* s9 takes place4 ,?is consequ5ce is too pla9 to require mu* illu/ration4 ,if ,god freely orda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass2 if he 0 n "u a fatal necessity ( orda9+ j z he did2 if he _h x 9 8 p[] to orda9 o!rwise1 he c\ld h orda9$ hol9ess 9 ! place ( s94 ,! fact t he 0 free & unnecessitat$ 9 8 decrees1 & c\ld orda9 ! "o or ! o!r1 accord+ to 8 good pleasure1 is pro( sub/antial t he pref]s s9 to hol9ess 9 e in/ance 9 :i* s9 occurs4 ,_h he pref]r$ hol9ess1 he c\ld h decre$ x1 & x w\ld h come to pass4 ,?is consequ5ce has be5 admitt$1 & is1 by _m ,calv9i/s at ?is day1 ma9ta9$ z a doctr9e4 ,9 fact1 x has be5 a matt] ( dispute among/ ,calv9i/s--,dr4 ,taylor1 ( ,connecticut1 tak+ "o side1 & ,dr4 ,tyl]1 ( ,connecticut1 tak+ ! o!r4 ,b :at a %ock+ conception6 7,see ,*ri/ian ,spectator1 vol4 iv4 p4 #dfe47 #g4 ,nor c we resi/ ! fur!r conclusion1 f ^! premises1 t s9 is n a real evil1 b1 on ! contr>y1 a good1 & t 9 e in/ance 9 :i* x is pref]r$ to hol9ess1 x is wor?y ( su* pref]5ce4 ,?is reason+ proce$s ^u ! assumption t ,god is a be+ ( inf9ite goodness & wisdom1 &1 !re=e1 always pref]s good to evil1 be+1 ( c\rse1 always able to di/+ui% ! "o f ! o!r4 ,?is inf]5ce also has be5 admitt$ by _m ( ! advocates ( ,calv9i/ic pr$e/9ation4 ,!y di/9ctly affirm t s9 is ! necess>y means ( ! greate/ good1 &1 z su*1 s f>4 z x exi/s1 is pref]able on ! :ole to hol9ess 9 its /ead--t its exi/5ce is1 on ! :ole1 = ! be/4 ,i give z au?ority = ?is affirmation1 a publication ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,bo>d1 entitl$ ,old & ,new ,!ology4 ,on ! fir/ page we f9d ?is explicit /atem5t3 ,x has be5 a common s5tim5t among ,new ,engl& div9es1 s9ce ! "t ( ,edw>ds1 t s9 is ! necess>y means ( ! greate/ good1 & z su*1 s f> z x exi/s1 is pref]able1 on ! :ole1 to hol9ess 9 its /ead4 ,i d n *>ge ,dr4 ,musgrave ) hold+ ?is inf]5ce z a doctr9e1 & yet x is v cle>ly ass]t$ 9 an argum5t design$ to prove ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( =eord9ation4 ,!re mu/1 says he1 h be5 a "t :5 no creature exi/$1 z ,god alone is f ev]la/+4 ,be=e creation1 & f all et]nity1 all ?+s t are possible1 z well z all ?+s t actually h or w come to pass 9 "t1 mu/ h be5 p]fectly kn[n to ,god4 ,he mu/1 !re=e1 h kn[n :at be+s & ev5ts w\ld1 on ! :ole1 be mo/ = 8 own glory1 & ! greate/ good ( ! univ]se2 & !re=e1 z an inf9itely wise1 b5evol5t1 & ,almighty ,be+1 he c\ld n b h *os5 or det]m9$1 t su* be+s & ev5ts1 & ,,su* ,,only1 %\ld come to pass 9 "t4 ,! conclusion is1 !re=e1 to our m9ds1 irresi/ible1 t if ,god be inf9itely wise1 b5evol5t1 & p[]ful1 & p]fectly =eknew :at be+s & ev5ts w\ld1 on ! :ole1 ,,be ,,be/1 he mu/ h *os5 & orda9$ t !y %\ld exi/1 or be p]mitt$ to occur2 & t1 consequ5tly1 ev]y?+ t does actually come to pass 9 "t1 has be5 et]nally & un*angeably =eorda9$4 ,"h x is argu$ t ,god1 z an inf9itely wise1 b5evol5t1 & p[]ful be+1 mu/ h kn[n & pref]r$1 & decre$1 t j su* be+s %\ld exi/ & ev5ts occur1 z w\ld1 on ! :ole1 be mo/ = 8 own glory1 & ! greate/ good ( ! univ]se1 & su* only2 & t1 consequ5tly1 he has et]nally1 & un*angeably =eorda9$ ev]y?+ t does actually come to pass 9 "t4 ,n[ x is pla9 t all ! ev5ts :i* h come to pass 9 "t mu/ answ] ?is description--mu/ be = ! be/1 = 8 highe/ glory--or ! argum5t falls to ! gr\nd4 ,! ,rev4 ,jas4 ,mc,chain1 "o ( ! editors ( ! ,calv9i/ic ,magaz9e1 9 a disc\rse publi%$ 9 t p]iodical1 ,decemb]1 #ahdg1 ?us und]takes to prove t ,god has =eorda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass3 ,jehovah is inf9itely wise2 does he n1 !re=e1 "k :at x is ,,be/ %\ld take place8 ,he is inf9itely b5evol5t2 w he n *oose1 !n1 t %all take place :i* he kn[s is ,,= ,,! ,,be/8 ,he is inf9itely p[]ful2 c he n1 !re=e1 cause to take place :at he *ooses %all take place8 ,! ,mo/ ,high is inf9itely wise1 & kn[s :at x is ,,be/ %\ld come to pass--b5evol5t1 & *ooses to br+ to pass ,,:at ,,is ,,be/--p[]ful1 & does br+ to pass :at he *ooses z ,,be/4 ,surely 8 inf9ite wisdom & goodness w *oose & det]m9e :atsoev] x is be/ %\ld take place1 & 8 almighty p[] w p]fectly c>ry out 8 plan4 ,x is n my int5tion1 at ?is "t1 to po9t out ! fallacy ( ^! argum5ts4 ,i quote !m to %[ t ! consequ5ce :i* ,i h d$uc$ f ! doctr9e t ,god has decre$ :atsoev] comes to pass--t s9 is n an evil1 b a good1 & wor?y ( be+ pref]r$ to hol9ess 9 e in/ance 9 :i* x occurs-- is actually recogniz$ z a tru?1 & us$ z a premise 9 pro( ( ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( ! decrees4 #h4 ,& h[ c we avoid adopt+ z a legitimate conclusion1 ! lic5ti\s infidel maxim1 t ,,:atev] ,,is1 ,,is ,,"r8 #i4 ,x is obvi\s1 at ! fir/ glance1 t ?is doctr9e de/roys all reasonable gr\nd = rep5tance4 ,( :at %all we rep5t8 ,( s9n+8 ,let x fir/ be prov$ t1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 any "o has s9n$1 or c s94 ,b1 if s9 be possible1 yet 9 e in/ance ( s9n+ we h done ! w ( ,god4 ,he freely & un*angeably pr$e/9at$ ! act f all et]nity4 ,8 provid5ce br\ght x to pass4 ,be=e we feel ourselves au?oriz$ to rep5t we %\ld be sure t ,god has rep5t$ ( 8 purposes & acts4 ,&1 ev5 !n1 !re w\ld be no good reason = rep5tance ^u ! "p ( 8 creatures4 ,=1 if we1 = ! sake ( ! argum5t1 all[ t !y are able to act o!rwise ?an z !y d1 not)/&+ ! ,div9e decrees1 !y are morally b\nd to submit cordially to ^? decrees1 leav+ to ,god ! responsibility ( decree+ wisely4 ,h5ce !re is no room = rep5tance4 ,?is is precisely ! application made ( ?is doctr9e by an intellig5t ,calv9i/ic lady ( ,new ,engl&1 ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,/u>t ,phelps1 daught] ( ! late ,pr(4 ,/u>t1 ( ,&ov]1 & au?oress ( c]ta9 v popul> works4 ,9 ! memorial ( h]1 prefix$ to ,! ,la/ ,leaf ( ,sunny ,side1 %e is quot$ z say+ 9 h] di>y3 ,i nev] c\ld und]/& or div9e be=e1 my claim ^u ! ,deity's ov]rul+ c>e4 ,n[ ,i d get a glimpse ( x--en\gh to make me feel l an infant 9 its "m's arms4 ,e ev5t1 ( e day1 ( e h\r1 is unalt]ably fix$4 ,ea* day is b ! turn+ ov] a new leaf ( my hi/ory1 already writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god--e lett] ( x4 ,%\ld ,i wi% to re-write--to alt]--"o8 ,oh1 no6 no66 no666 ,"h1 y p]ceive1 is no gr\nd = rep5tance4 ,x is repudiat$4 ,%e w\ld n alt] an ev5t ( h] life1 a lett] ( h] hi/ory4 ,%e c>ries ?is acquiesc5ce 9 ! ,div9e decrees s f> z to say 9 ano!r place3 ,i h no hope b 9 my ,savi\r & if ,he has n sav$ me1 !n ?is too1 ,i "k1 is j1 & ,god's decrees ,i w\ld n *ange4 #aj4 ,nor c pray] be m reasonable ?an rep5tance4 ,= :at %all we pray8 ,t ,god w\ld rev]se 8 et]nal decrees8 ,?is w\ld be to reflect ^u 8 attributes4 ,are 8 decrees wrong8 ,besides1 ! doctr9e 9 "q affirms !m to be un*angeable4 ,%all we pray t ,god may accompli% !m8 ,?is c add no?+ to ! c]ta9ty ( _! accompli%m5t2 = !y _c be defeat$4 ,s we are di/9ctly assur$ by ! advocates ( ?is !ory4 ,! only apology t c be (f]$ = pray]1 on ! "p ( ^? :o believe ?is doctr9e1 is t x is decre$ !y %all pray4 ,b a pray] (f]$ 9 /rict logical accordance ) ?is !ory w\ld be a manife/ absurdity4 #aa4 ,ano!r legitimate consequ5ce ( ?is doctr9e is t man is n 9 a /ate ( probation4 ,!re is a flat contradiction betwe5 ! idea t man is 9 a /ate ( probation & ! affirmation t ! :ole s]ies ( volitions1 /ates1 actions1 & ev5ts ( 8 life is fix$1 un*angeably1 by ! ,div9e decree1 be=e he comes into exi/5ce4 ,i h long reg>d$ ?is z an inevitable d$uction f ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( decrees1 b x 0 n until lately t ,i f\nd x actually advanc$ z a doctr9e by a ,calv9i/ic writ]4 ,on page #gg ( ,fi%]'s ,cate*ism1 ! foll[+ occurs3-- ,q4 ,is !re any dang] 9 ass]t+ t man is n n[ 9 a /ate ( probation1 z ,adam 08--,ans4 ,no4 ,q4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! dang]\s consequ5ce ( ass]t+ t fall5 man is /ill 9 a /ate ( probation8--,ans4 ,?is dang]\s consequ5ce w\ld foll[1 t mank9d are h]eby suppos$ to be /ill "u a cov5ant ( works t c ju/ify ! do]6 ,i d n mean to be und]/ood t ?is dogma is held by all ,calv9i/s1 b1 :e!r held or n1 x is a legitimate inf]5ce4 #ab4 ,let u n[ notice ! be>+ ( ?is /range t5et ^u "s ( ! lead+ doctr9es & facts ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,take ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall--:i* is und]/ood to be t ,god made man 9 8 own image--holy2 righte\s1 capable ( /&+ 9 8 integrity1 yet liable to be s$uc$ f x2 & t man volunt>ily transgress$1 br\ght guilt & depravity ^u himself1 & involv$ 8 po/]ity 9 moral degradation & ru94 ,b1 if ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( decrees be true1 !re 0 obvi\sly no fall 9 ! case4 ,!re 0 a *ange 9 ! condition ( ,adam1 b t *ange 0 a "p ( ,god's et]nal plan4 ,no?+ occurr$ b :at belong$ to ! div9ely pr$et]m9$ s]ies ( ev5ts4 ,if ,adam _h act$ o!rwise ?an z he did1 ,god's orig9al purposes w\ld h be5 fru/rat$4 ,if !re 7 any fall1 x %\ld be pr$icat$ ( ! ,div9e decrees r ?an ( ! human subject !re(4 #ac4 ,aga93 ,! plan ( r$emption1 x is suppos$1 0 design$ to rescue him f a deplorable1 desp]ate condition1 9 :i* 8 p]v]s5ess _h plac$ him2 b1 if ! doctr9e we are consid]+ be true1 ! r$emption1 s call$1 is no?+ b a "p ( a *a9 ( pr$et]m9$ ev5ts4 ,he 01 & is1 at no "t1 9 any o!r condition ?an 0 devis$ & decre$ by ,jehovah z mo/ conducive to 8 own glory & ! highe/ good ( ! univ]se4 ,?us1 ! r$emption1 ab\t :i* s mu* is said1 is resolv$ into a m]e nullity4 #ad4 ,aga93 ,! glori\s doctr9e ( ,*ri/ crucifi$ ?rills ! bosom ( ! *ur* ) int5se emotions ( fe>1 & p5it5ce1 & hope1 & gratitude1 & joy4 ,paul atta*$ s mu* importance to x z to say3 ,= ,i det]m9$ to "k no?+ among m5 save ,*ri/ & him crucifi$4 ,b1 view x 9 ! light ( ! doctr9e t ,god has decre$ :atsoev] comes to pass1 & :at does x am\nt to8 ,! suff]+s & dea? ( ,*ri/ d]ive _! importance f ! fact ( _! be+ propitiatory--an atonem5t4 ,b = :at %all !y atone8 ,= acts :i* 7 det]m9$ ^u1 z a "p ( ,god's plan1 = 8 glory1 & ! good ( ! univ]se1 millions ( ages be=e ! human actors 7 born2 = acts :i* no m ne$ to be aton$ = ?an ! actions ( ,jesus ,*ri/ himself4 ,to say t ^? acts 7 wrong is to reflect ^u ! decrees ( ,god1 s9ce no?+ has come to pass b :at 0 decre$ by him2 s9ce1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,b>nes1 we are to int]pret ! decrees ( ,god by facts1 & ! actual result1 by :atev] means br\ght ab\t1 expresses ! design ( ,god4 ,if m5 ne$ atonem5t1 !y ne$ x = do+ ! w ( ,god1 & = no?+ else4 ,ne$ ,i add t1 9 view ( ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( decrees1 ! doctr9e ( atonem5t by ! suff]+s & dea? ( ,*ri/ is absolute nons5se8 #ae4 ,aga93 ,i affirm ( ?is doctr9e t x r5d]s utt]ly baseless ! doctr9e ( p>don1 or ! remission ( s9s4 ,x r5d]s ! (f] ( p>don a mock]y4 ,= :at is p>don (f]$8 ,= do+ ! w ( ,god--= do+ j :at he decre$ we %\ld d2 = c>ry+ into effect 8 et]nal c\nsels4 ,h[ c any man ne$ p>don if ?is doctr9e be true8 ,%\ld x be said1 9 reply1 t al?\gh ! decrees ( ,god h be5 inv>iably fulfill$1 yet 8 precepts h be5 violat$1 ,i rejo9 t ! violation ( ^! precepts 01 accord+ to ! ,calv9i/ic hypo!sis1 specifically decre$4 ,unless decre$1 x c\ld n h come to pass4 ,h5ce1 ! violation 0 inevitable1 f ! v nature ( ! case4 ,god (f]s p>don to 8 creatures1 :o h inv>iably1 f ! comm5cem5t ( _! be+1 fulfill$ 8 decrees4 ,he (f]s p>don to !m = violat+ comm&s :i* x 0 impossible = !m to keep1 inasmu* z he _h et]nally decre$ t !y %\ld n keep !m1 & 8 decrees are inf9itely wise & holy1 & _c be1 fru/rat$4 ,fur!r1 if ,god's decrees are righte\s 7& we are told explicitly by ! cre$ we are review+ t !y _h _! orig9 9 8 wise & holy c\nsel71 x foll[s t 8 precepts mu/ be unrighte\s1 :5ev] !y are assum$ to be 9 opposition to 8 decrees2 & surely no "o c ne$ p>don = pursu+ a righte\s c\rse 9 opposition to an unrighte\s "o4 ,if x be said t 8 precepts & 8 decrees are all equally righte\s1 x foll[s t a c\rse 9 direct opposition1 9 all respects1 to a righte\s law is1 nev]!less1 a righte\s c\rse1 & ?us ! di/9ction betwe5 righte\sness & unrighte\sness is de/roy$4 ,view ! subject 9 :atev] light y may1 & ! (f] ( p>don 9 connection ) ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( decrees1 becomes an imp]t95ce & an absurdity4 #af4 ,& :at is ! effect ( ! ,calv9i/ic !ory ( pr$e/9ation ^u ! doctr9e ( reg5]ation8 ,reg5]ation is usually und]/ood to be a *ange by :i* unholy dispositions --dispositions at v>iance ) ! "* & w ( ,god --are sub/itut$ by ^? 9 accordance !re)4 ,b1 if ,calv9ism be true1 reg5]ation is no?+ m ?an a preorda9$ *ange f do+ ! w ( ,god p]fectly 9 "o way1 to do+ x p]fectly 9 ano!r way4 #ag4 ,a consequ5ce ( ?is !ory has be5 incid5tally br\ght to view 9 illu/rat+ a prec$+ argum5t1 :i* des]ves a di/9ct /atem5t4 ,x is t ,god has two ho/ile wills1 9 relation to ! same ?+--8 decrees1 & 8 publi%$ comm&s & prohibitions4 ,he has enjo9$ c]ta9 modes ( action1 by ! mo/ solemn legislation1 & yet decre$1 f all et]nity1 t multitudes ( ^? :om he has subject$ to ^? obligations1 %all con/antly act at v>iance !re)2 s t multitudes ( human be+s are do+ 8 w p]fectly1 & yet violat+ 8 w at ! same "t4 #ah4 ,?is !ory makes all civil gov]nm5t manife/ly unreasonable4 ,civil gov]nm5t proce$s ^u ! supposition t man is a free ag5t1 capable ( *oos+ & act+ o!rwise ?an z he does2 b ?is !ory1 z we h se51 is incompatible ) free ag5cy4 ,& %\ld we admit1 = ! sake ( ! argum5t1 t x is n incompatible ) free ag5cy1 x is /ill irreconcilable ) civil gov]nm5t4 ,civil legislation prohibits v>i\s modes ( act+4 ,x assumes t ! =bidd5 actions are wrong-- injuri\s to society--:]eas1 ?is !ory repres5ts t all ! actions t h be5 p]=m$1 or w be p]=m$1 7 freely will$1 purpos$1 decre$1 =eorda9$1 & br\ght to pass by ,god himself--t !re are no ev5ts1 & c be none1 b :at are 9 precise h>mony ) 8 et]nal purposes--s t1 unless we suppose t ,god has f all et]nity freely decre$ :at is wrong & injuri\s1 !reby subject+ human legislators to ! necessity ( oppos+ 8 w 9 ord] to prev5t outrage & injury1 civil legislation admits ( no ju/ification or apology4 ,& if ?is !ory is incompatible ) civil legislation1 x is n less s ) civil jurisprud5ce4 ,m5 assume ! "r to inflict sev]e puni%m5t ^u _! fell[-m5 = do+ :at _c be avoid$1 or = n do+ :at !y _c possibly d4 ,or1 if x be admitt$1 = ! sake ( ! argum5t1 t !y c\ld act o!rwise1 /ill !y are puni%$ = do+ & suff]+1 9 all respects1 ! w ( ,god1 = m]ely exemplify+ 8 et]nal un*angeable decrees4 ,take ei!r alt]native1 & human jurisprud5ce is palpably iniquit\s4 ,! only plausible apology t c be (f]$ 9 behalf ( civil gov]nm5t is1 ei!r t human legislators & judges1 & jurors1 & c\nsel1 & %]iffs1 & con/ables are passive in/rum5ts 9 ! h&s ( ,god1 9 :i* case _! proce$+s are ludicr\s1 ! actors be+ m]e puppets1 exhibit+ all ! appe>ance ( self-det]m9$ motion1 & yet1 l ^? fam\s *>act]s call$ ,pun* & ,judy1 act+ only z det]m9$ & effect$ by ! wire-work]2 or1 admitt+ t !y are free1 & execut+ _! own det]m9ations1 !y too are do+ precisely :at ,god has =eorda9$2 s t1 9 ?is respect1 ! jury :o pron\nce ! v]dict ( guilty1 & ! judge :o pron\nces ! s5t5ce ( dea?1 are ^u a level ) ! alleg$ crim9al4 ,all h done1 & are do+1 j ! ?+s :i* ,god has decre$ !y %\ld d1 nei!r m nor less4 #ai4 ,i _c b reg>d ?is !ory z subv]sive ( e rational idea ( a ,div9e moral gov]nm5t4 ,moral gov]nm5t implies precepts or prohibitions1 or bo?1 en=c$ by rew>ds & p5alties1 & address$ au?oritatively to be+s capable ( ei!r ob$i5ce or disob$i5ce4 ,b ( :at use are precepts or prohibitions if e act ( e individual is fix$ be=eh& by ! ,div9e decrees8 ,z well might moral codes be address$ to /eam-eng9es or to :irlw9ds4 ,! only plausible attempt t c be made to reconcile ?is !ory ( pr$e/9ation ) a ,div9e moral gov]nm5t1 is to apply ! t]m moral gov]nm5t to a c]ta9 class ( preorda9$ influ5ces design$ to br+ ab\t a c]ta9 class ( preorda9$ results4 ,b ?is is moral gov]nm5t 9 "n m]ely4 ,! process :i* ! advocates ( ?is !ory call moral gov]nm5t is j z me*anical z t by :i* ! motions ( ! planets are controll$4 ,! judici>y sy/em ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t1 ) all its solemn pageantry1 is ?us r$uc$ to a m]e f>ce4 ,be+s are arraign$1 ) great judicial pomp1 & condemn$1 or approv$1 puni%$ or rew>d$ = actions :i* 7 decre$ innum]able ages be=e !y 7 born1 & br\ght to pass by influ5ces beyond _! control1 = actions :i* 7 devis$1 decre$1 & irresi/ibly br\ght to pass by ! judge himself4 #bj4 ,we are n[ prep>$ = ano!r consequ5ce1 :i* hangs l a mill/one ar\nd ! neck ( ?is !ory1 & is suffici5t1 ( itself1 to s9k x to ! dep?s4 ,x repres5ts ,god n only z decree+ "o ?+ & comm&+ ano!r directly adv]se !reto1 b also z decree+ & br++ to pass opposite & contradictory ev5ts4 ,he orda9$ t "o man %\ld believe ! ,holy ,scriptures1 & rev]5ce !m1 & t ano!r man %\ld1 at ! same "t1 d5y1 & hate1 & vilify !m4 ,he orda9$ t m5 %\ld at "o p]iod ( _! lives prea* ! gospel1 & write 9 favor ( ,*ri/ianity1 & at ano!r p]iod become infidel lectur]s & disputants4 ,he decre$ t "s %\ld believe ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( decrees1 & tea* x1 & t o!rs %\ld1 at ! same "t1 reg>d x z false & oppose x4 ,he has orda9$ t m5 %all take opposite sides on all great que/ions1 religi\s1 philosophical1 or political4 ,he orda9$ ! fugitive slave law & ! rec5t ,nebraska & ,kansas enactm5t1 & all ! opposition f m9i/]s & laym51 ) :i* ^! measures h be5 reg>d$4 ,he has orda9$ t "o p>ty %all laud !m z j & patriotic1 & t ano!r p>ty %all condemn & hate !m z diabolical4 ,he orda9$ ! arre/ ( t man on ! suspicion ( murd]1 ) all ! conflict+ op9ions z to 8 guilt or innoc5ce1 ! contradictory te/imony ( ! witnesses1 ! contr>y plead+s ( ! c\nsel1 ! v]dict ( ! jury pron\nc+ him guilty1 ! s5t5ce ( ! judge condemn+ him to dea?1 & ! p>don ( ! gov]nor "u ! full conviction ( 8 innoc5ce4 ,all ! conflict+ op9ions & acts 9 ! fi]ce/ controv]sy t ev] rag$1 ?is !ory traces up to ! ,div9e =eord9ation4 #ba4 ,x mu/ h appe>$ to ! audi5ce1 by ?is "t1 t ! "* ( ,god is fe>fully involv$ 9 ?is inquiry4 7#a74 ,we h already se5 t ?is !ory draws aft] x ! logical consequ5ces t ,god is ! au?or ( s91 or1 if n ! au?or ( x 9 ! /rict & prop] s5se ( ! t]m1 at lea/ ! plott]--! prime mov] ( x2 t he pref]s s9 to hol9ess 9 e in/ance 9 :i* s9 takes place2 t he reg>ds s9 z ! necess>y means ( ! greate/ good2 t he has1 at ! same "t1 two ho/ile wills relative to ! same ?+4 ,& n[ :at %all we say ( 8 wisdom1 :5 we f9d him decree+ acts1 & br++ !m to pass1 & yet1 p]emptorily =bidd+ !m--enjo9+ acts1 by =mal solemn legislation1 :i*1 f all et]nity he has =eorda9$ %all nev] be p]=m$8 ,:5 we f9d him orda9+ measures = ! promotion1 & measures = ! c\nt]action1 ( 8 own plans8 ,:5 we f9d him orda9+ all ! contradictions & vacillations by :i* human conduct is div]sifi$ & disgrac$8--:5 e example ( ! mo/ contemptible folly t ev] turn$ ! laugh1 or ! sne]1 or ! fr[n1 or ! s5tim5t ( pity ^u its imm$iate p]petrators1 c be trac$ to ! free c\nsels & designs ( ,god1 & f9ds its orig9 !re8 7#b74 ,:at %all we say ( ! s9c]ity ( ,god :5 we f9d him enjo9+ "o class ( actions on pa9 ( et]nal damnation1 :ile yet he has decre$1 & by unfail+ means br+s to pass1 9 ! same subjects1 an entirely opposite class8--:5 we f9d him ?reat5+1 & expo/ulat+1 & pr(ess+ to be griev$1 on acc\nt ( conduct :i* _h its orig9 9 8 own free purposes1 & is effect$ by 8 own provid5ce8--:5 we f9d him engag$ 9 en=c+ two wills respect+ ! same ?+1 "o directly ! opposite ( ! o!r1 "o ( :i* mu/ necess>ily fail ( accompli%m5t1 & !n1 wra?fully *>g+ ! failure ^u ^? :o h act$ 9 all respects z he orda9$ !y %\ld8--:5 we f9d him (f]+ salvation to all m51 & solemnly assev]at+ t x is 8 w t all m5 %\ld come to ! k ( ! tru?1 :ile yet ! s9n+1 & ultimate damnation ( myriads1 7 decre$ innum]able ages be=e !y exi/$8 7#c74 ,:at %all we say ( 8 hol9ess1 :5 ! vile/ crimes t ev] caus$ ! blu% ( %ame1 or ! feel+ ( indignation or horror--=nication1 adult]y1 be/iality1 fraud1 oppression1 ly+1 murd]--are 9 p]fect co9cid5ce ) 8 et]nal purposes1 p>ts ( 8 great plan1 :5 he *ose !m 9 pref]5ce to _! opposites1 ) all ! means & appliances1 great & small1 by :i* !y 7 br\ght to pass8 7#d74 ,& :at %all we say ( 8 equity & ju/ice1 :5 we f9d him plac+ 8 subjects "u ! necessity ( violat+ 8 w 9 "o way or ano!r1 ei!r 8 secret decrees or 8 publi%$ enactm5ts8 ,:5 we f9d him rew>d+ "o class ( 8 subjects = fulfill+ 8 decrees1 & damn+ ano!r class ) ev]la/+ tortures = do+ precisely ! same ?+8 7#e74 ,& :]e is 8 b5evol5ce1 :5 he freely *ooses1 pref]s1 orda9s1 & br+s to pass all ! s9 & mis]y 9 ! univ]se8 #bb4 ,aga93 ,x is obvi\s t ?is !ory lays ! f\ndation ( a new sy/em ( morals4 ,if x be insi/$ ^u t1 not)/&+ ,god has decre$ :atsoev] comes to pass1 he is p]fectly s9c]e1 j1 holy1 & b5evol5t1 we %all h obta9$ c]ta9 e?ical pr9ciples :i*1 if c>ri$ out into univ]sal practice1 w\ld subv]t all social ord]1 & de/roy all confid5ce4 ,= in/ance1 x w foll[3-- ,fir/4 ,t a rul] may secretly w1 purpose1 decree1 =eorda91 t 81 subjects %all act 9 a c]ta9 way4 ,he may put into op]ation effective measures to secure _! concurr5ce ) 8 designs4 ,meantime1 he may pr(ess a pr(\nd & insup]able dissatisfaction ) a v l>ge proportion ( ! actions :i* he has pr$et]m9$ & induc$2 he may indignantly condemn & ?reat5 to puni% ! actors2 he may d all ?is1 & yet be p]fectly s9c]e4 ,9 o!r words1 :at m5 usually reg>d z ! mo/ ?or\gh-pac$ duplicity1 is 9 entire accordance ) p]fect s9c]ity4 ,by ?is pr9ciple1 ! wor/ hypocrite t ev] liv$ may be fully v9dicat$ f ! *>ge ( hypocrisy4 ,aga93 ,a be+ may give exi/5ce to a va/ multitude ( o!r be+s1 inf]ior1 dep5d5t1 b yet intellig5t4 ,he may ass]t ov] _! actions ! mo/ absolute control4 ,he may pr$et]m9e & br+ to pass e "o ( _! actions4 ,he may %ut up all o!r ways ( act+1 & leave t only op5 :i* he _h det]m9$ to be done4 ,mean:ile1 he may issue laws p]emptorily requir+ conduct directly opposite to 8 un*angeable pr$et]m9ations1 ?us plac+ 8 creatures "u ! dire necessity ( violat+ 8 secret decrees1 or 8 publi%$ laws2 & yet he may1 ) p]fect ju/ice1 arraign1 condemn1 & puni% !m = ! violation ( ^! laws1 consign+ !m to et]nal mis]y4 ,?is !ory w furni% u ) a crit]ion ( moral "*--a code by :i* ! ,n]os1 ,domitians1 ,caligulas1 & ,diocletians1 :om m5 h reprobat$ & abhorr$ z tyrants1 may be triumphantly v9dicat$ & made honorable4 ,aga93 ,a be+ may be ! au?or1 or1 if n1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 ! au?or1 at lea/ ! plann]1 ! prime mov] ( all ! wick$ness t ev] exi/$4 ,he may use effective influ5ces 9 br++ x to pass1 s t x may be said1 9 tru?1 t he freely & un*angeably preorda9$ & produc$ x1 & yet he may be p]fectly holy4 ,& aga93 ,a be+ may purpose1 =eorda91 & br+ to pass all ! s9 & mis]y 9 ! univ]se1 & yet be p]fectly b5evol5t4 ,"h is a pr9ciple ( e?ics :i* w m ?an cov] & v9dicate ! mo/ atroci\s cruelties ( ! ,romi% inquisition4 ,! rum-sell]1 s call$1 :o is ! ag5t ( incalculable mis*ief1 may f9d "u x ! mo/ ample protection4 ,8 designs t]m9ate ^u ! sale ( 8 liquors1 & ! ga9s :i* result4 ,if he c\ld sell 8 fi]y commodity1 & secure 8 ga9s )\t ! mis]y1 he w\ld4 ,b1 accord+ to our new code ( e?ical pr9ciples1 he might g mu* fur!r4 ,he might design1 z an end1 all ! wret*$ness t results1 & prosecute 8 traffic z a means to secure t end1 & yet be p]fectly b5evol5t4 ,is x n pla9 t ?is !ory1 if adopt$ & c>ri$ out to its legitimate logical results1 mu/ revolutionize & rev]se all our e/abli%$ conceptions ( wisdom1 s9c]ity1 hol9ess1 equity1 ju/ice1 & b5evol5ce1 & introduce an entirely new e/imate ( moral conduct8 #bc4 ,fur!r3 ,?is !ory furni%es ! mo/ complete ju/ification ( all ! conduct ( ! wor/ m5 t ev] liv$1 bo? by ! e?ical pr9ciples :i* may be d$uc$ f x1 & by ! s+le consid]ation t _! e action is 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! ,div9e w4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t speaks ( m5 be+ )\t excuse2 b ,i ask1 :at bett] excuse c be desir$ ?an t ! conduct 9 "q is 9 precise accordance ) ! w ( ,god8 ,m5 sometimes ?9k x an apology to say t !y act$ ha/ily--t !y 7 misl$ by o!rs--t !y 7 n aw>e ( ! mis*ief likely to result f _! c\rse2 b ?is doctr9e puts !m at once ^u ! highe/ possible gr\nd ( ju/ification4 ,! poor reprobate may be sil5c$1 at ! day ( judgm5t1 by ! t]rors :i* surr\nd him1 & by ! /]n au?ority ( ! judge1 b n by ! want ( a valid plea4 ,:5 ! s5t5ce %all g =? consign+ him to p]dition = ! de$s done 9 ! body1 he w h 9 read9ess1 :e!r all[$ to utt] x or n1 ! unansw]able answ]3 ,"l1 ! de$s = :i* ,i am condemn$ 7 9 all respects :at ?\ did/ pr$et]m9e4 ,i h execut$ f fir/ to la/ ?y wise & holy c\nsels4 ,_h ,i act$ o!rwise1 ,i %\ld h fru/rat$ ?y free purposes1 =m$ be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w4 ,i h1 inde$1 gone contr>y to ?y publi%$ law1 b t ?\ did/ r5d] inevitable by mak+ t law antagoni/ic to ?y et]nal decree1 :i* ?\ do/ n all[ to be ?w>t$1 9 any in/ance1 by man or angel4 ,?is plea w\ld be equally conclusive be=e any human tribunal4 ,!re are ,calv9i/ic lawy]s1 or lawy]s :o are memb]s ( ,calv9i/ic *ur*es or congregations4 ,! names ( "s ( ^! are app5d$ to a note solicit+ = publication ,dr4 ,bo>dman's s]mons on ,election4 ,9 def5d+ alleg$ crim9als1 m5 ( _! pr(ession (t5 tax _! +5uity to ! utmo/ = argum5ts4 ,if ! insanity ( ! prison] c be e/abli%$1 !y expect 8 acquittal1 ?\gh he may h p]petrat$ ! fatal viol5ce4 ,b :y d !y nev] (f]1 9 behalf ( ! prison] intru/+ 8 case to !m1 t he has done no?+ b :at ,god will$ & decre$ f all et]nity he %\ld d8 t1 f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ! affair1 he 0 b execut+ ! c\nsels ( ,heav5--c\nsels :i* ,heav5 nev] suff]s to be fru/rat$1 ei!r z to ! end1 or ! in/rum5t4 ,"s ( !m believe ! doctr9e1 & desire t ! public %\ld believe x4 ,:y1 !n1 d !y nev] plead x :5 pl$g$ to give _! cli5t ! b5efit ( e available argum5t8 ,is x no?+ to be able to say = him t he has n sw]v$ a hair's-bread? f ! designs ( ! great ,sov]eign ( ! univ]se1 at ^: judgm5t-seat all ! decisions ( human tribunals w be review$8 ,!y d>e n (f] su* a plea4 ,!y "k t common s5se w\ld laugh !m out ( c\nt5ance1 if n out ( c\rt4 ,& if all pres5t 7 believ]s 9 ! doctr9e1 !y c\ld n attempt to r$uce x to its legitimate practical application )\t laugh+ 9 ea* o!r's faces-- su* is its ess5tial absurdity4 ,!y may circulate x 9 s]mons1 9 :i* eloqu5t nons5se is drivell$ ) impunity1 b !y w n v5ture to prop\nd x 9 a c\rt1 :]e common s5se & equity be> sway4 #bd4 ,if ?is doctr9e be true1 x is :olly unnecess>y = any ( y to impose any re/ra9t ^u y\r passions or wills4 ,are y tempt$ to indulge 9 s5suality1 or to defraud y\r neighbor1 & ev5 to assass9ate him8 ,& does ! inquiry arise 9 y\r m9d :e!r ! act to :i* y are tempt$ is accord+ to ! w ( ,god8 ,y h only to d x1 & ! result proves t x is decre$4 ,s says ,mr4 ,b>nes3 ,! result1 by :atev] means br\ght ab\t1 expresses ! design ( ,god4 ,if ! act be n decre$1 y _c d x1 ?\gh y try4 ,if y c1 x is decre$ t y %\ld2 & y\r do+ x is z inevitable z de/9y itself4 ,s y may j g =w>d1 & ! result w be "r2 t is1 if ,god's decrees are "r4 #be4 ,x is also an obvi\s consequ5ce ( ?is doctr9e t no man c contribute any?+ to hip p]sonal salvation2 t 8 salvation or damnation is fix$ :olly by ! ,div9e decrees4 ,he4 _c influ5ce 8 de/9y by any ef=t he c make4 ,!re is no use 9 8 try+4 ,inde$1 ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai? in=ms u directly t man is altoge!r passive 9 reg5]ation1 & t 8 p]sev]ance dep5ds n ^u 8 own free w1 b ^u ! immutability ( ! decree ( election4 ,s t all ! exhortations ( ! gospel & ( ! pulpit1 are utt]ly irrelevant4 ,!re is a v significant passage be>+ ^u ?is po9t 9 ,*alm]'s disc\rse on ,pr$e/9ation3 ,& n[1 says he1 y c h no difficulty 9 und]/&+ h[ x is t we make our call+ & election sure4 ,x is n 9 ! p[] ( ! elect to make _! election sur] 9 itself ?an x really is1 = ?is is a sur5ess :i* is n capable ( receiv+ any addition4 ,x is n 9 ! p[] ( ! elect to make x sur] to ,god--= all futurity is submitt$ to 8 all-see+ eye1 & 8 absolute k /&s 9 ne$ ( no confirmation4 ,b !re is su* a ?+ z ! elect be+ ignorant = a "t ( _! own election1 & _! be+ made sure ( x 9 ! way ( evid5ce & discov]y4 ,! am\nt is t a man may asc]ta9 by ex]tion ! fact ( 8 election1 b he c d no?+ t[>ds secur+ x4 ,?us ,mr4 ,wesley's fam\s consequ5ce is e/abli%$4 ,! elect %all be sav$1 d :at !y w2 ! reprobate %all be damn$1 d :at !y c4 ,x is pla9 f ^! reason+s t ?is doctr9e t5ds to spiritual inactivity1 & c\nt5ances lic5ti\sness4 ,b we are told1 by ,dr4 ,bo>dman1 t ! ,div9e decrees are n ! rule ( our duty2 t we are n held responsible = n con=m+ to !m2 t we are n b\nd to act ) ! lea/ ref]5ce to !m4 7p4 #de47 ,:at6 ,! subjects ( a gov]nm5t n b\nd to act ) ! lea/ ref]5ce to ! decrees ( its sov]eign6--n responsible = n con=m+ to !m66 ,?is is surely a /range doctr9e4 ,x is an indirect concession t ! practical be>+ ( ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( decrees _c be def5d$4 ,b x is said t we h no "r to make ,god's secret decrees our rule4 ,v true4 ,we are n argu+ f 8 secret decrees1 b f :at our bre?r5 pr(ess to "k4 ,if ! doctr9e 9 "q be a secret1 we w\ld l to "k by :at au?ority x is s confid5tly /at$ 9 ! ,confession ( ,fai? & ! ,cate*ism4 ,h[ did !y come by ! k ( ,god's secret decree8 ,!y may claim to be bett] educat$ ?an we are1 & m intellig5t1 to h m9ds ( a sup]ior natural con/itution2 b we prote/ aga9/ _! claim+ to be intru/$ ) ! secrets ( heav54 #bf4 ,?is wond]ful doctr9e makes out ! devil & 8 angels to be fai?ful s]vants ( ,god4 ,!y h done1 ?r\gh\t ! pa/1 & are do+ n[1 precisely :at ,god1 9 8 wise & holy c\nsel1 =eorda9$ !y %\ld d4 #bg4 ,x leads to ,univ]salism4 ,if all be+s d z ,god has decre$1 ^u :at gr\nd c ,god puni% any ( !m1 !n1 9 futurity8 ,y h only to connect ) ?is doctr9e ! decl>ation t ,god is b5evol5t1 or j1 & ,univ]salism foll[s4 #bh4 ,x leads to rank infidelity4 ,x is to my m9d m reasonable to believe t ,god has made no writt5 revelation ( 8 w1 ?an t he has reveal$ su* a doctr9e z ?is4 ,let ! op9ion become preval5t t x is a doctr9e ( ! ,bible1 &1 z ! consequ5ce1 ! ,bible w be reject$ by ?\s&s1 yea1 hundr$s ( ?\s&s4 ,x is impossible = ! able/ disputant to ma9ta9 a respectable argum5t aga9/ infidelity :ile /&+ ^u ?is gr\nd4 ,he mu/ assume ! opposite gr\nd1 z ! basis ( 8 argum5t1 or he w fail signally4 ,! infidel objects to ! ,bible t x repres5ts ,god z sanction+ crime1 & mak+ favorites ( its p]petrators1 & h5ce concludes t x _c be true4 ,! usual reply is t1 s f> f hav+ sanction$ vice & its p]petrators1 he has solemnly prohibit$ x2 t he holds ! p]petrator guilty1 condemns him to sev]e puni%m5t1 & w remit t puni%m5t only 9 view ( rep5tance1 & re=mation1 & an atonem5t :i* fully v9dicates ! ,div9e gov]nm5t1 & mo/ impressively manife/s its abhorr5ce ( ! c\rse pursu$ by ! transgressor4 ,b :at says ?is doctr9e8 ,t ,god has freely1 & f all et]nity will$1 decre$1 =eorda9$1 :atsoev] comes to pass4 ,! infidel objects t ! ,bible conta9s contradictions1 & h5ce _c be ! ^w ( ,god4 ,! usual answ] admits t ,god _c contradict himself1 b d5ies t ! ,bible is *>geable ) self -contradiction4 ,:]eas1 ?is doctr9e decl>es t ,god has decre$ & br\ght to pass all ! contradictions t 7 ev] utt]$4 ,c x be t ,god is ! au?or ( a book :i* repres5ts him z orda9+ & br++ to pass all ! acts ( crime & folly t 7 ev] committ$1 includ+ all ! lies t 7 ev] utt]$1 z hav+ two ho/ile wills 9 relation to ! same ev5t1 z decree+ t 8 creatures %\ld pursue a c]ta9 c\rse1 & yet comm&+ !m to pursue a contr>y c\rse1 & !n1 damn+ !m1 ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s1 = do+ :at he decre$ !y %\ld d8 ,x is impossible = ! infidel to frame a /rong] argum5t ?an ?is doctr9e supplies him )4 ,i h %[n1 unansw]ably1 ,i ?9k1 t ?is doctr9e leads1 by obvi\s d$uction1 to ! doctr9e t ,god pref]s s9 to hol9ess 9 e in/ance 9 :i* s9 takes place1 & t s9 is ! necess>y means ( ! greate/ good4 ,i w n[ quote an em95t ,calv9i/ic m9i/] ^u ! t5d5cies ( ?is doctr9e4 ,he is comm5t+ ^u :at he calls ! ?ird solution ( ! "q1 ,= :at reason has ,god p]mitt$ s9 to ent] ! univ]se8 :i* he /ates to be t ,god *ose t s9 %\ld ent] ! univ]se z ! necess>y means ( ! greate/ possible good4 ,:]ev] x exi/s1 !re=e1 x is1 9 ! :ole1 bett] ?an hol9ess w\ld be 9 its place--! v doctr9e :i* we are told by high ,calv9i/ic au?ority1 has be5 a common s5tim5t among ,new ,engl& div9es s9ce ! days ( ,edw>ds4 ,he says3-- ,! ?ird solution has be5 ext5sively adopt$ by philosoph]s1 especially on ! cont95t ( ,europe2 & its ultimate reaction on ! public m9d _h no small %>e1 we believe1 9 creat+ t univ]sal skepticism :i* at la/ broke =? ^u ,europe1 9 all ! horrors ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,:ile ! pr(\nde/ m9ds 7 speculat+ !mselves into ! belief t s9 0 ! necess>y means ( ! greate/ good1 bett] on ! :ole1 9 ea* in/ance1 ?an hol9ess w\ld h be5 9 its place--common m5 7 press+ ! inquiry1 ',:y1 !n1 ought x to be puni%$8' ,voltaire laid hold ( ?is /ate ( ?+s1 & assum+ ! pr9ciple 9 "q to be true1 c>ri$ r\nd its application to ! brea/ ( millions4 ,9 8 ,c&ide1 "o ( ! mo/ amus+ tales t 0 ev] writt51 he introduces a "y man ( /rong passions & weak und]/&+1 :o _h be5 taught ?is doctr9e by a metaphysical tutor4 ,!y g out into ! _w1 to 'promote ! greate/ good' by ! indulg5ce ( _! passions2 c]ta9 t1 on ! :ole1 ea* s9 is bett] ?an hol9ess w\ld h be5 9 its place4 ,b :5 ,c&ide beg9s to suff] ! natural consequ5ces ( 8 vices1 he feels x to be b a poor consolation1 t o!rs are n[ reap+ ! b5efit ( 8 s94 ,is x surpris+ t su* a "w induc$ ?\s&s to disbelieve 9 ! holy provid5ce ( ,god1 & prep>$ multitudes to 'd evil t good might come8' 7,*ri/ian ,spectator1 vol4 i4 pp4 #cgh1 #i47 ,x w\ld be easi]1 & m reasonable1 to believe 9 a plurality ( gods1 ?an t "o ,god %\ld be capable ( su* conflict+ c\nsels4 ,& ?is w\ld br+ u to ! v]ge ( ,a!ism4 #bi4 ,?is doctr9e cov]s ) ! w+ ( its sanction all ! errors t 7 ev] promulgat$ or conceiv$4 ,i d n say t !y all gr[ out ( x1 b t x ju/ifies !m4 ,:y %\ld ,i oppose ,romanism1 or ,univ]salism1 or ,soc9ianism1 or ,puseyism1 or ,infidelity1 :5 !y are all decre$ by ,jehovah8 ,*ri/5dom pres5ts ! /range spectacle ( m5 pry+ into sy/ems1 br++ to ! light1 condemn+1 & hold+ up to public odium _! errors ( !ory & practice1 &1 yet1 hold+ z a fundam5tal article ( _! own cre$ t ,god f all et]nity freely decre$1 :atsoev] comes to pass4 ,let !m fir/ reject & refute ! error :i* v9dicates all errors4 ,:at "r has a ,calv9i/ to f9d fault ) any?+8 #cj4 ,aga93 ,x cle>ly foll[s1 f ?is !ory1 t any attempt to prev5t ! commission ( s9 9 our neighbors1 is n only 9 opposition to ! prim>y--! orig9al w1 ! et]nal purposes ( ,god1 b is also 9 opposition to ! highe/ good ( ! univ]se2 & t we %\ld1 z reasonable be+s1 rejoice 9 e in/ance ( s9--( ly+1 robb]y1 uncleanness1 & murd]--z 9 e in/ance ( hol9ess4 #ca4 ,i d n id5tify ?is doctr9e ) pagan fatalism1 b ,i hold t x is ak9 !reto1 & t x t5ds to ! same practical results4 ,x is1 9 my op9ion1 worse ?an pagan fatalism4 ,t doctr9e repres5ts all ev5ts & actions z /rictly necess>y1 b x b9ds ! gods z well z m54 ,all b[ to t my/]i\s p[] call$ fate4 ,?us x relieves ! gods ( all blame4 ,b ,calv9ism ass]ts ! fre$om ( ,jehovah1 & !n imputes to him ! =eord9ation ( :atev] occurs 9 ! :ole univ]se1 & ?us1 by pla9 logical consequ5ce1 fa/5s ^u him all ! j blame ( :atev] is exceptionable4 ,calv9ism is n pagan fatalism4 ,x is ,*ri/ian fatalism4 ,x is fatalism baptiz$4 ,,disc\rse ,,iii4 ,9 :om also we h obta9$ an inh]itance1 be+ pr$e/9at$ accord+ to ! purpose ( ,him :o worke? all ?+s accord+ to ! c\nsel ( 8 own w4--,,eph4 i4 #aa4 ,,9 ! prec$+ disc\rse1 ,i %[$ t ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( ! ,div9e decrees leads to ! foll[+ consequ5ces1 namely1 t man is n a free ag5t2 t he is n prop]ly acc\ntable = 8 conduct2 t !re is no s9 9 ! _w2 or1 t1 if !re be s91 ,god is ! au?or ( x2 or1 t1 if he be n /rictly & prop]ly ! au?or1 he is at lea/ ! prime mov] ( x2 t1 if s9 exi/1 ,god pref]s s9 to hol9ess 9 e in/ance 9 :i* s9 takes place2 t s9 is n an evil1 b a real good2 t :atev] is is "r2 t !re is no reasonable gr\nd = rep5tance1 or = pray]1 or = p>don2 t reg5]ation is no?+ else ?an a *ange f p]fect con=mity to ! w ( ,god 9 "o way1 to p]fect con=mity to ! w ( ,god 9 ano!r way2 t ! doctr9es ( ! fall & r$emption by ,*ri/ are gross & palpable absurdities2 t man is n 9 a /ate ( probation2 t ,god has two ho/ile wills relative to ! same ?+2 t1 n only are 8 secret decrees & 8 writt5 laws at v>iance1 b he has also decre$ & br+s to pass opposite & contradictory ev5ts2 t civil gov]nm5t is :olly unreasonable2 t !re is 9 fact no moral gov]nm5t2 t ,god is n holy1 or j1 or wise1 or tru?ful1 or b5evol5t2 or1 t if ,god be nev]!less holy1 & wise1 & true1 & j1 & good1 we h ! f\ndation ( a new sy/em ( morals1 :i*1 if adopt$1 mu/ rev]se all our e/imates ( moral "*2 t man _c contribute any?+ to 8 p]sonal salvation2 t ! devil & 8 angels are z fai?ful s]vants ( ,god z any ( 8 elect4 ,x 0 %[n t x leads to ,univ]salism & to rank infidelity2 t x sanctions all ! errors t 7 ev] promulgat$2 t x furni%es a complete ju/ification ( ! wor/ conduct ( ! wor/ m51 t ev] liv$1 t5ds to p>alyze all ef=t to resi/ temptation1 & condemns z impi\s any opposition to ! commission ( s9 by our neighbors1 &1 f9ally1 t x is worse ?an ! pagan doctr9e ( fatalism4 ,i %all n[ endeavor to pres5t ! true doctr9e4 ,z has be5 said1 we d n object to ! doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation1 b to ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e4 ,! "q is n :e!r ,god is a ,sov]eign1 or :e!r he has 8 purposes or decrees1 b h[ does he ex]cise 8 sov]eignty--:at are 8 purposes & decrees8 ,we d5y t he has =eorda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass4 ,= all our in=mation ^u ?is great "q we mu/ inquire ( ! sacr$ oracles4 ,we und]/& !m to tea* t ,god1 =esee+1 ?\gh n orda9+1 ! transgression ( our fir/ p>5ts1 decre$ t x %\ld subject !m to ! p5alty ( dea?--et]nal dea?4 ,9 ! day t ?\ eate/ !re(1 ?\ %alt surely die4 ,he also decre$ t _! condition %\ld n be at once irrem$iable1 b t a second probation %\ld be all[$ !m4 ,he also decre$ t an atonem5t %\ld be made1 by :i* ! claims ( 8 gov]nm5t %\ld be v9dicat$1 :ile he grant$ to ! (f5d]s a respite1 & ! advantages ( a new trial1 & :i* %\ld lay a firm f\ndation = :atev] acts ( m]cy %\ld be ext5d$ to !m & _! po/]ity4 ,he fur!r decre$ t ?is atonem5t %\ld be effect$ by ! suff]+ & dea? ( 8 ,son1 :o1 = ! purpose ( effect+ ?is atonem5t1 %\ld assume our nature1 & become ,god-man4 ,! apo/le in/ructs u t he 0 deliv]$ to suff]+ & dea?1 by ! det]m9ate c\nsel & =ekn[l$ge ( ,god4 ,x 0 also decre$ t ! b5efits ( ?is atonem5t %\ld ext5d to all ,adam's po/]ity--t ,*ri/ %\ld die = all4 ,he gave him a ransom = all1 t he1 by ! grace ( ,god1 %\ld ta/e dea? = e man4 ,x 0 also pr$et]m9$ 9 ! c\nsels ( ,heav51 t a *ange %\ld take place 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t4 ,! fir/ adm9i/ration1 sometimes call$ ! ,adamic law or cov5ant1 0 suit$ to be+s p]fectly innoc5t & pure1 b n to fall5 be+s1 z x made no provision = p>don or moral re/oration4 ,"u its au?ority ! s9n] c\ld h no hope4 ,ano!r decree provides t ! ,son ( ,god %all be> ! sceptre ( au?ority--t ! gov]nm5t %all be ^u 8 %\ld]s4 ,to ?is arrangem5t we suppose ! words ( ! ,psalmi/ to ref]3 ,yet h ,i set my k+ ^u my holy hill ( ,zion4 ,i w decl>e ! decree3 ! ,"l ha? said unto me1 ,?\ art my ,son2 ?is day h ,i begott5 !e4 ,ask ( me1 & ,i w give ! hea!n = ?9e inh]itance1 & ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>? = ?y possession4 7,ps4 ii4 #f1 #g1 #h47 ,also ! pray] ( ! apo/le ,paul1 9 :i* he speaks ( ! mighty p[] ( ,god1 :i* he wr\ght 9 ,*ri/1 :5 he rais$ him f ! dead1 & set him at 8 own "r h& 9 ! heav5ly places1 f> above all pr9cipality1 & p[]1 & might1 & dom9ion1 & e "n t is nam$1 n only 9 ?is _w1 b also 9 t :i* is to come2 & ha? put all ?+s "u 8 feet1 & gave him to be ! head ov] all ?+s to ! *ur*1 :i* is 8 body1 ! fulness ( him t fille? all 9 all4 7,eph4 i4 #ba1 #bc47 ,x is fur!r orda9$ t1 "u ?is new arrangem5t1 fai? %all be ! condition ( ! s9n]'s acceptance ) ,god--t :osoev] believe? %all be p>don$ ju/ifi$ f all ?+s2 t ! act ( fai? :i* secures ! p>don ( "o s9 %all secure ! p>don ( all !n *>geable2 t :osoev] is p>don$ %all be made holy1 con=m$ to ! image ( ! ,son ( ,god1 & made a *ild ( ,god by adoption4 ,= :om he =eknew1 !m he also did pr$e/9ate to be con=m$ to ! image ( 8 ,son4 ,hav+ pr$e/9at$ u to ! adoption ( *ildr5 by ,jesus ,*ri/1 unto himself1 accord+ to ! good pleasure ( 8 w2 t ! great m$iatorial s*eme %\ld be develop$ 9 successive disp5sations1 usually di/+ui%$ z ! ,patri>*al1 ,jewi%1 & ,*ri/ian disp5sations2 t "o nation ( p %\ld be select$ z ! depository ( ! sacr$ oracles1 & z a !atre = ! exhibition ( ! true religion2 t 9 ! fulness ( "t1 ,jews & ,g5tiles %\ld be plac$ ^u "o common gr\nd ( religi\s privilege1 ! p>tition wall be+ brok5 d[n4 ,x is also decre$ t !re %all be a g5]al judgm5t4 ,god ha? appo9t$ a day 9 ! :i* he w judge ! _w2 t !re %all be a resurrection ( ! bodies ( m52 t ! bodies ( ! sa9ts at ! resurrection %all be made v glori\s2 t ! righte\s ( e age & c\ntry %all ultimately be ga!r$ into "o glori\s place1 f :i* all s9 & pa9 %all be exclud$1 & %all con/itute "o undivid$ family =ev]4 ,fa!r1 ,i w t !y also :om ?\ ha/ giv5 me be ) me :]e ,i am1 t !y may behold my glory4 ,hav+ made kn[n unto u ! my/]y ( 8 w1 accord+ to 8 good pleasure :i* he ha? purpos$ 9 himself3 ,t 9 ! disp5sation ( ! fulness ( times1 he might ga!r toge!r 9 "o all ?+s 9 ,*ri/1 bo? :i* are 9 ,heav5 & :i* are on e>?4 ,&1 f9ally1 x is decre$ t :ile ! righte\s %all h life et]nal1 ! wick$1 ! f9ally imp5it5t1 & unbeliev+1 & unholy1 %all g away into ev]la/+ puni%m5t--%all be imprison$ 9 a place orig9ally prep>$ = ! fir/ rebels aga9/ ! ,div9e gov]nm5t--! devil & 8 angels4 ,su*1 z ,i und]/& x1 is ! ,me?odi/ic1 or ,arm9ian1 doctr9e ( ! ,div9e decrees4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 su/a9+ ?is doctr9e by ,scripture4 ,x is n liable to any ( ! objections :i* m5ace fatally ! ,calv9i/ic s*eme4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 p]ceiv+ its h>mony ) man's free ag5cy & moral acc\ntability4 ,x does n give ! slighte/ occasion = ! "q :e!r ,god is ! au?or ( s94 ,he has issu$ decrees respect+ x2 b !y are all condemnatory4 ,none ( !m preorda9 x4 ,x does n admit ! supposition ( 8 be+ a p>ticipant 9 any unholy de$ or device4 ,! "q nev] came up among ,me?odi/ div9es1 :e!r ,god pref]s1 9 any in/ance1 s9 to hol9ess8 ,!y w\ld n1 c\ld n1 consid] x a debatable "q4 ,nor t o!r "q--,is s9 ! necess>y means ( ! greate/ good8 ,calv9ism is ju/ly entitl$ to ! honor ( orig9at+ su* que/ions z ^!4 ,no "o w\ld ev] ?9k ( affirm+ ^u ,arm9ian pr9ciples t :atev] is is "r4 ,arm9ianism lays a firm basis = ,div9e moral gov]nm5t1 & also = civil gov]nm5t--= rew>ds & puni%m5ts4 ,x n only relieves ! ,div9e attributes f ! fe>ful suspicions & imputations ) :i* ,calv9ism di%onors !m1 b surr\nds !m ) a transc5d5t glory4 ,x protects ! morality ( ! ,bible f ! deva/at+ incursions to :i* ,calv9ism exposes x1 & pres5ts ! mo/ p[]ful inc5tives to piety4 ,x does n ?r[ ! protect+ %ield ( ! ,div9e decrees ov] e =m ( error & outrage ) :i* e>? is fill$1 or repres5t ,god z hav+ two ho/ile wills4 ,x =ms no entangl+ alliances ) hea!n fatalism4 ,we are n "u ! necessity ( w>n+ inquir]s aga9/ committ+ !mselves to ! practical influ5ce ( ! ,arm9ian doctr9e ( ,div9e decrees1 by say+1 ) ,dr4 ,bo>dman1 t ,^! decrees are n ! rule ( our duty4 ,we are n held responsible = n con=m+ to !m4 ,we are n b\nd to act ) ! lea/ ref]5ce to !m4 ,! practical be>+ ( ! ,arm9ian doctr9e is em95tly & obvi\sly salut>y4 ,x has n a s+le aspect :i* is n favorable to piety & morality4 ,does a s9n] tremble at ! ^w ( ,god8 ,he is made to feel ! =ce ( ! inspir$ decl>ation t ! way ( transgressors is h>d1 & to pond] ! advantages ( re=mation8 ,is he n appall$ & p>alyz$ by ! t]rible ann\ncem5t t all 8 misde$s1 ! t5d5cy1 if n ! nature ( :i* he n[ contemplates ) horror1 are ! result ( a p[] :i* he _c successfully resi/2 t he is b\nd to ! hateful c\rse ( conduct :i* he deplores1 by et]nal decrees & t1 9 despite ( any feel+s or desires he may h1 8 c\rse may be pr$e/9$ to be worse 9 ! future ?an 9 ! pa/4 ,o1 no6 ,he is assur$ t ,god nev] preorda9$ s94 ,t he comm&s all m5 ev]y:]e to rep5t1 & t :at he requires ( m5 he w enable !m to d4 ,he is told t no?+ b9ds him to s9 b 8 depravity1 t he may avail himself ( ! p[]ful influ5ces ( ! ,_s ( life 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :i* c make him free f ! law ( s9 & dea?2 & t :om ,god =eknew1 z rep5t+1 & believ+1 & avail+ !mselves ( rem$ial provisions1 he pr$e/9at$ to be con=m$ to ! image ( 8 ,son--he ha? *os5 to be holy & )\t blame be=e him 9 love4 ,has ! man :o is seek+ ) p5it5ce & pray] ! favor ( ,god pr(\ndly humbl+ views ( himself8 ,does he ?9k x to be a wond]ful /ret* ( condesc5sion & m]cy 9 ,god to =give 8 innum]able & griev\s (f5ces8 ,& does he wond] :e!r ,god w1 9 addition to p>don+ him1 raise him to ^? high relation%ips to ! ,godhead to :i* he has rais$ o!rs8 ,w he ext5d to me ! grace ( adoption8 ,w he con/itute & call me 8 *ild8 ,%all ,i be favor$ ) ^? bless$ intimacies--^? v>i$ & manifold advantages ( :i* t relation is ! gu>anty8 ,h[ satisfactory ! answ]6 ,y w4 ,y w be numb]$ ) 8 sons & daught]s1 ! coheirs ) 8 et]nal--8 only begott5 ,son4 ,god ha? n left ?is an op5 "q4 ,he ha? pr$e/9at$ u to ! adoption ( *ildr5 by ,jesus ,*ri/ unto himself4 ,= unto z _m z receiv$ him1 to !m gave he p[] to become ! sons ( ,god1 ev5 to z _m z believe 9 8 "n4 ,*ri/ians1 y ent]ta9 high hopes ( heav54 ,& yet1 sometimes1 x seems too mu* = y\r fai? t ,god %\ld conf] ^u y su* bless$ness & glory4 ,y\r fai? almo/ /agg]s at ! promise4 ,y are ready to say-- ,h[ c x be1 ?\ ,heav5ly ,k+1 ,t ?\ %\ld'/ u to glory br+-- ,make slaves ! p>tn]s ( ?y ?rone1 ,deck'd ) a nev]-fad+ cr[n8 ,let y\r fai? be invigorat$ by ! assurance t ?is is settl$ beyond dispute by ,god's et]nal purpose4 ,x is decre$4 ,to him t ov]come? w ,i give to sit d[n ) me on my ?rone4 ,9 :om also we h obta9$ an inh]itance1 be+ pr$e/9at$ accord+ to ! purpose ( him :o worke? all ?+s aft] ! c\nsel ( 8 own w4 ,nor has ?is measure be5 =c$ ^u ,jehovah4 ,x is sometimes ! case t sov]eigns are compell$ to yield privileges to re/less & revolt$ subjects4 ,sometimes contempor>y sov]eignties comb9e to =ce a reluctant rul] into arrangem5ts contr>y to 8 preconceiv$ & pref]r$ policy4 ,sometimes pot5t rul]s yield _! pref]5ces to ! sway ( sage & influ5tial c\nsellors1 & f9d !mselves committ$ to a policy :i* !y execute ) reluctance1 & ) exceptions4 ,x is n s ) any ( ! decrees ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,:o1 be+ 8 c\nsellor1 ha? taught him8 ,he worke? all ?+s accord+ to ! c\nsel ( 8 own w4 ,x is ! ,fa!r's good pleasure to give y ! k+dom4 ,x is no less ! pleasure ( ! ,son3 ,fa!r1 ,i w t !y also t ?\ ha/ giv5 me be ) me :]e ,i am1 t !y may behold my glory4 ,& he has p[] to c>ry out 8 purposes to _! entire fulfilm5t4 ,o1 h[ preci\s is ?is doctr9e ( ,div9e pr$e/9ation6 ,y may h enemies4 ,!re may be ^? :o w\ld d5y y a place 9 ! *ur* on e>?4 ,y may h be5 excommunicat$ & curs$ = wor%ipp+ ! ,god ( y\r fa!rs aft] ! mann] :i* "s call h]esy4 ,y\r enemies w\ld fa9 keep y out ( heav54 ,!y pr(ess to be able to d s4 ,b !y are mi/ak54 ,god has n left x to !m to det]m9e :o %all ent] heav5 & :o %all n4 ,he has fix$ ! conditions ( salvation indep5d5tly ( _! c\nsels--long be=e !y exi/$--be=e ! sun began 8 c\rse4 ,he w h m]cy on :om he w h m]cy4 ,to accompli% _! end1 !y mu/ be able to g beh9d all human arrangem5ts to ! decrees1 ! purposes ( heav51 & revoke !m4 ,w !y be able to d t8 ,or1 if unable to revoke1 or induce him to revoke 8 decrees1 w !y be able to defeat !m by ma*9ations or physical resi/ance8 ,surely n4 ,he w %[ !m ! immutability ( 8 c\nsels4 ,he w say to !m1 ,my c\nsel %all /&1 & ,i w d all my pleasure4 ,!re is no wisdom1 or und]/&+1 or c\nsel1 aga9/ ! ,"l4 ,he w make ! devices ( ! p ( none effect4 ,! ,"l ( ,ho/s ha? purpos$1 & :o %all disannul x4 ,hallelujah1 = ! ,"l ,god omnipot5t reigne?6 ,& h[ glori\s are ! prospects :i* ! decrees ( ,god unfold6 ,^! bodies mu/ decay4 ,"o ( ^? decrees consigns u to ! grave2 ano!r provides t we %all be recall$--t dea? %all be conqu]$--%all be swall[$ up ( victory4 ,! pre>rangem5ts ( ,heav5 respect+ ! bodies ( ! sa9ts1 are ?us disclos$3 ,x is s[n 9 corruption2 x is rais$ 9 incorruption4 ,x is s[n 9 di%onor2 x is rais$ 9 glory4 ,x is s[n 9 weakness2 x is rais$ 9 p[]4 ,x is s[n a natural body2 x is rais$ a spiritual body4 ,religion does n ext+ui% or impair our social feel+s1 b r ref9es & invigorates !m2 &1 among ! hopes t we h be5 l$ to *]i%1 is t ( a reunion ) dep>t$ fri5ds 9 heav51 & a p>ticipation 9 ! society ( ! good ( o!r climes & ages2 & x is expressly decl>$ t ! r$eem$ ( subsequ5t ages %all sit d[n ) ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,& :ile ?is doctr9e is s full ( consolation to ! ,*ri/ian1 & s fraught ) heal?ful /imulus to piety1 x is t]rible to ! s9n]4 ,he ne$ n ?9k to f9d any?+ 9 x to ju/ify or to apologize = 8 crime1 or 8 imp5it5cy4 ,nor may he indulge ! hope t :atev] may be ! de/9y ( o!r s9n]s1 he w escape ! damnation ( hell4 ,!re c be no influ5ce br\ght to be> ^u ,jehovah suffici5t to induce him to sw]ve 9 a s+le in/ance f 8 plans4 ,! decrees ( ,god are aga9/ him4 ,he t believe? %all be sav$4 ,he t believe? n %all be damn$4 ,^! %all g away into ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,& he has p[] to execute 8 decrees4 ,all attempts at resi/ance w be z no?+4 ,! ,"l reigne?2 let ! p tremble4 ,i h n[ pres5t$ ! two rival !ories4 ,!re is ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e1 & !re are ! consequ5ces to :i* x leads4 ,we c easily detect ! wisdom ( ! requisition t ! tea*]s ( x %all h&le x ) special caution1 & acc\nt = _! /udi\sly keep+ x out ( sight dur+ revivals1 & 9 _! ord9>y m9i/rations1 & !n seek+ to div]t att5tion f its practical t5d5cies by d5y+ t ! decrees ( ,god are to be tak5 z ! rule or te/ ( our conduct4 ,b d ,i n repeat an ,arm9ian sl&] :5 ,i *>ge !m ) p>tially conceal+ or disguis+ ! doctr9e8 ,no6 ,we h high ,calv9i/ic au?ority = ! imputation4 ,! foll[+ is ! te/imony ( a di/+ui%$ ,congregational m9i/] ( ,new ,engl&1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,h>vey3-- ,!re is a l>ge numb] ( or?odox m9i/]s 9 ,new ,engl& :o1 f family alliances1 f con/itutional delicacy ( temp]1 c4 c41 z ,i h9t$ above1 w temporize & make smoo? "w1 f an hone/ conviction t a full disclosure ( ! tru? w\ld ali5ate _! he>]s4 ,! bitt] revil+s ( base m5 h be5 gradually & ins5sibly lead+ ,calv9i/ic m9i/]s to hide _! colors1 & rec$e f _! gr\nd4 ,dr4 ,spr+'s ,*ur*1 at ,newburyport1 ,p>k ,/reet1 especially 9 ,dr4 ,griff9's day1 & a few o!rs1 h /ood l ! ,mac$onian ,phalanx4 ,b o!rs h gone backw>d4 ,caution1 ,,caution1 has be5 ! wat*word ( m9i/]s4 ,:5 !y d prea* ! old /&>d doctr9es1 x is 9 s gu>d$ a phraseology t !y are n und]/ood to be ! same4 7,h>vey on ,moral ,ag5cy1 p4 #agd47 ,?is is cle> & indisputable4 ,! ,me?odi/ prea*]s are probably includ$ among ! base m5 ^: bitt] revil+s h br\ght ab\t ?is /ate ( ?+s1 z none h done m to br+ ,calv9ism into discr$it4 ,& yet1 ) all ?is caution1 ?is doctr9e is assidu\sly taught to little *ildr5 9 ,sabba?-,s*ools4 ,x is pres5t$ to !m & inculcat$ )\t disguise4 ,i almo/ %udd] :5 ,i ?9k ( x4 ,7 all ! weal? ( ?is great city (f]$ to me = ! privilege ( tea*+ ?is doctr9e to my *ildr51 ) ! und]/&+ t ,i w\ld )hold c\nt]-in/ruction1 ,i w\ld spurn ! (f]4 ,at lea/1 ,i w\ld d s until my m9d _h become reconcil$ to ! proposition by a sl[ & pa9ful process ( self-depravation1 :i*1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 w\ld n be an impossibility4 ,! apo/le ,paul speaks ( ^? :o ?r\gh love ( money h err$ f ! fai?4 ,our ,calv9i/ic bre?r5 may h "s gr\nd = claim+ t !y are 9 advance ( u 9 le>n+ & intellig5ce1 b x is to be hop$ t !y w n (f] _! hold+ ?is doctr9e z pro( ( ! ju/ness ( ! claim4 ,& if x be ! case t "s m9ds are det]m9$1 by peculi>ities 9 _! orig9al =mation1 to ! belief ( ,calv9ism1 ,i ?ank ,god t m9e does n belong to t class4 ,&1 fur!r1 x may be a s\rce ( consolation to u1 9 our imput$ inf]iority1 t x does n require mu* le>n+ or intellig5ce to refute ,calv9ism1 or to make its support]s a%am$ ( x4 ,& :5 ,calv9i/s ascribe our opposition to _! doctr9es to depravity1 & call our objections to x impi\s cavill+s1 z does ,dr4 ,musgrave1 we (f] ?is apology1 t our objections are n alleg$ aga9/ :at we und]/& to be ! ,scripture doctr9e2 & t if _! doctr9e be true1 & ours false1 we are1 aft] all1 do+ no?+ b :at ,god has wisely =eorda9$ we %\ld d4 ,we w\ld also sugge/ to !m t any opposition to our c\rse is resi/ance to ! w ( ,heav51 s t x is a fair "q :e!r ! *>ge ( depravity %\ld n take ! opposite direction1 ,b ,i d n retort x4 ,me?odi/s nev]1 s f> z ,i "k1 seek to raise ! slighte/ suspicion ( ! piety ( _! ,calv9i/ic bre?r5 on ! gr\nd ( _! be+ ,calv9i/s4 ,! ass]tion t ,calv9ism is specially & exclusively favorable to civil & religi\s lib]ty1 is a %e] pret5ce4 ,i w j /ate a few facts4 ,:5 ! ,presbyt]ians obta9$ ! asc5d5cy 9 ,engl&1 !y proce$$ to e/abli% !mselves by law4 ,! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai? 0 int5d$ = ! ,engli% ,e/abli%m5t4 ,presbyt]ianism is ! e/abli%$ religion ( ,scotl& at ?is day1 & also ( ,holl&1 ,g5eva1 & "s p>ts ( ,g]many4 ,presbyt]ian m9i/]s 9 ,irel& are support$1 9 "p1 by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t4 ,!y ?us cons5t t ,me?odi/s1 ,bapti/s1 & o!rs1 %all be tax$ = _! support4 ,t ,presbyt]ianism is n ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* 9 ?is c\ntry may be ow+ altoge!r to ! fact t x has always be5 too weak to place itself 9 t position4 ,:5 ! ,indep5d5ts1 9 ,cromwell's "t1 obta9$ ! asc5d5cy1 !y foll[$ ! example ( ! ,presbyt]ians4 ,! ,congregationali/s ( ,new ,engl&1 :o are ,calv9i/s1 e/abli%$ _! sy/em1 by law1 9 sev]al ( ! colonies1 & cont9u$ to be ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* aft] ! ,revolution1 & until ! o!r sects1 comb9+ ) unbeliev]s1 became /rong en\gh to put !m d[n & *ange ! ,/ate con/itutions 9 favor ( equal rights4 ,&1 )9 five or six ye>s ( ! pres5t "t1 a ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 9 "o ( ! ,/ates ( ?is ,republic1 appli$ to ! legislature1 & obta9$ a grant ( "o ?\s& five hundr$ doll>s to be exp5d$ ^u a ,presbyt]ian *ur* edifice4 ,_m ,calv9i/s h held1 & _m d yet hold doctr9es highly intol]ant2 & ! hi/ory ( ,calv9ism is crimson$ by records ( blood spill$ 9 support ( its t5ets4 ,x w\ld be great wisdom on ! "p ( our ,calv9i/ic bre?r5 to all[ ! "q ( ! be>+ ( ,calv9ism ^u civil & religi\s lib]ty to sleep1 undi/urb$4 ,a v /rong presumption ( ! uns\ndness ( ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( decrees arises f ! fact t its advocates are compell$1 9 answ]+ objections to x1 n only to disguise1 b also flatly contradict x1 & to sub/itute = x ,arm9ian positions2 ?us virtually conc$+ t x is indef5sible4 ,dr4 ,musgrave1 z we h se51 ass]ts explicitly t ,god has =eorda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass4 ,he argues t to d5y ?is1 w\ld be 9 effect to d5y t ,god is inf9itely wise1 b5evol5t1 & p[]ful4 ,he says3 ,we h prov$1 bo? by reason & revelation1 t all ?+s t come to pass are =eorda9$4 ,he applies ?is doctr9e to s9ful actions 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,n[1 t ! :ole ( ,ph>aoh's conduct _h n only be5 =ekn[n b =eorda9$ is indisputable4 ,aga91 he says3 ,9 connection ) ! =ego+ /atem5ts conc]n+ ! crucifixion ( ! ,savi\r1 let u s+le out ! case ( "o ( ! individual actors 9 t awful trag$y1 "o ^: "p 0 ! mo/ p]fidi\s & execrable1 & see :e!r 8 crime 0 n be=e orda9$1 & he ! individual pr$esignat$ z its p]petrator4 ,he proce$s to ! pro( ( ?is proposition4 ,b1 :5 x becomes necess>y to meet ! palpable & irrefutable objections t ?is doctr9e makes ,god ! au?or ( s91 & takes away ! responsibility ( ! creature1 he is compell$ to *ange entirely 8 gr\nd4 ,he sub/itutes p]mission = =eord9ation1 & def9es p]mission to mean simply n prev5t+4 ,& is !re no diff]5ce1 says he1 betwe5 ,god's mak+1 or excit+ m5 to s91 by 8 p[] or influ5ce1 & 8 p]mitt+1 or n prev5t+ !m f s9n+8 ,betwe5 8 det]m9+ to produce ! evil himself1 or to cause o!rs by 8 p[] to d x1 & 8 pr$et]m9+ to p]mit m5 to abuse _! lib]ty & to commit ! evil by ! unprev5t$ ex]cise ( _! own volunt>y effici5cy8 ,i reply--!re is a v great diff]5ce4 ,x is no?+ less ?an ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,calv9ism & ,arm9ianism4 ,he is l$ to d5y 8 own doctr9e1 & take refuge 9 ! "o he has tri$ s h>d to refute4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,bak]1 ( ,texas1 9 a tract publi%$ by ! ,presbyt]ian ,bo>d ( ,publication1 & entitl$ ,! ,/&>ds ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* a ,fai?ful ,mirror ( ! ,bible1 attempts to e/abli% by ,scripture ! proposition--,god f all et]nity did1 by ! mo/ wise & holy c\nsel ( 8 own w1 freely & un*angeably =eorda9 :atsoev] comes to pass4 ,b 9 ano!r1 publi%$ by ! same in/itution1 & entitl$ ,! ,sov]eignty ( ,god ,expla9$ & ,v9dicat$1 ! design ( :i* is to pres5t ! doctr9e ( ,div9e decrees 9 su* a light z w obviate ! usual objections to ! ,calv9i/ic view1 he says3 ,c]ta9 ?+s ,god br+s to pass by a positive ag5cy4 ,o!rs he simply p]mits to come to pass4 ,& let x be rem>k$1 p]mission & approbation d n1 by any means1 mean ! same ?+4 ,aga93 ,does any "o ask :at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 br++ to pass1 & p]mitt+ to come to pass8 ,i answ]3 ,god br\ght to pass ! inc>nation ( 8 ,son4 ,he p]mitt$ to come to pass 8 crucifixion4 ,! diff]5ce is z wide z ! ea/ is f ! we/4 ,b if ,god simply p]mits "s ?+s1 :y d ! cre$ & ! cate*ism ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ass]t1 s unequivocally1 t he has f all et]nity =eorda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass1 & t he executes1 or br+s to pass all 8 decrees8 ,! contradiction is manife/4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,fair*ild1 9 8 fam\s ,great ,supp]1 says3 ,calv9i/s d n reg>d ! decrees ( ,god z ext5d+ to all ev5ts 9 ! same mann]4 ,"s ?+s ,god has det]m9$ to effect by 8 own ag5cy1 & o!r ?+s he has decre$ to p]mit or suff] to be4 ,b1 if ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e be t 8 decrees m]ely ext5d to all ev5ts 7a v diff]5t ?+ f 8 decree+ all ev5ts71 & t :ile he decrees & effects "s he m]ely p]mits or suff]s o!r ev5ts1 :at mu/ we und]/& to be ! ,arm9ian doctr9e1 aga9/ :i* !y are call$ to cont5d s e>ne/ly8 ,are !y prep>$ to ackn[l$ge t !y h ab&on$ ,calv9ism & run into ,arm9ianism8 ,d !y mean to say t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ^! sy/ems on ! po9t 9 "q8 ,n at all4 ,h[ !n d !y pres]ve ! antagonism ( ! two cre$s8 ,:at is ! ,arm9ianism aga9/ :i* !y are array$8 ,dr4 ,musgrave ?us attempts ! solution ( ?is "q4 ,n[1 ,i submit1 :e!r ! difficulty1 ?us confess$ly press+ aga9/ bo? sy/ems1 is n capable on our pr9ciples1 ( a mu* m full & satisfactory conclusion4 ,= we n only say1 z ,wesley does1 t ',god knew t x 0 be/1 on ! :ole1 n to prev5t ! fir/ s9 ( ,adam1' b we add1 t1 kn[+ ?is1 he det]m9$ n only to p]mit t1 b all ! s9s t he knew w\ld foll[ f x1 & to limit & ov]rule ! :ole = 8 mo/ excell5t glory4 ,x seems1 !n1 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,calv9ism & ,arm9ianism respect+ ! ,div9e decrees is t ,calv9ism affirms t ,god knew x 0 be/1 on ! :ole1 n to prev5t ! s9s :i* he has n prev5t$1 b to p]mit1 & limit & ov]rule !m1 :ile ,arm9ianism affirms t ,god knew x w\ld be be/1 on ! :ole1 n to prev5t ! fir/ s91 b det]m9$ to prev5t all ! s9s t he =esaw w\ld fl[ f x4 ,:at a /range /atem5t6 ,to :at %ifts are ^! m5 driv5 by _! un=tunate cre$6 ,:]e does ,mr4 ,wesley1 or any o!r ,arm9ian writ]1 say ?is directly or indirectly8 ,our au?or v wisely decl9es any ref]5ces at ?is po9t4 ,mr4 ,wesley does1 inde$1 d5y t ,god p]mitt$ s91 ev5 ! fir/ s9 ( ,adam1 9 ! s5se ( approv+ or tol]at+ x2 b :oev] d5i$ t ,god p]mits1 9 ! s5se ( suff]+--n =cibly prev5t+1 ! s9s :i* actually occur8 ,he appropriates to himself1 unfairly1 ,mr4 ,wesley's doctr9e1 & !n imputes to ,mr4 ,wesley a t5et s p]fectly fooli% t x may be d\bt$ :e!r any man ev] advanc$ x1 :e!r sane or insane1 drunk or sob]4 ,no6 ^! are n ! doctr9es ( ,calv9ism & ,arm9ianism respectively4 ,! read] w see ! importance ( ! pa9s tak51 9 ! fir/ disc\rse1 to id5tify ,calv9ism4 ,i prov$ beyond dispute1 t ,calv9i/ic cre$s1 ,cate*isms1 & o!r !ological treatises1 tea* explicitly1 t ,god has purpos$1 decre$1 =eorda9$1 :atsoev] comes to pass2 t 9 "s way or o!r he br+s to pass all ev5ts2 t no?+ w1 or c1 come to pass b :at he has orda9$2 t none ( 8 purposes c be defeat$2 t x _c1 ) tru?1 be said ( any ev5t--x may or may n occur2 & t all actual results1 by :atev] means obta9$1 are expressions ( ! design1 or decree ( ,god4 ,arm9ianism tea*es on ! contr>y1 t ,god has n orda9$ :atsoev] comes to pass--t "s ?+s he has preorda9$2 t o!r ?+s he has n1 b has1 nev]!less1 approv$ & comm&$ !m1 leav+ x to ! free ag5cy ( ! creature to fulfil 8 requisitions2 t o!r ?+s1 he n only has n =eorda9$1 b1 has condemn$ & prohibit$ !m1 & yet p]mits or suff]s !m to be1 9 pref]5ce to t viol5t int]f]5ce ) free ag5cy :i* w\ld be necess>y to _! =cible prev5tion4 ,dr4 ,fair*ild tells u t ?is di/9ction betwe5 a decree to effect & a decree to p]mit has be5 adopt$ by ,pr$e/9>ian div9es 9 all ages4 ,yes1 9 all ages ,pr$e/9>ian div9es h be5 compell$ to ab&on & contradict _! cre$ 9 ! progress1 & = ! purpose1 ( its def5ce4 ,b ,calv9 himself =mally disc>ds & prote/s aga9/ ?is di/9ction4 ,he says respect+ x3 ,a "q ( great] difficulty arises f o!r passages1 :]e ,god is said to incl9e or draw accord+ to 8 own pleasure1 ,satan himself & all ! reprobate4 ,= ! c>nal und]/&+ sc>cely compreh5ds h[ he1 act+ by _! means1 contracts no defilem5t f _! crim9ality1 & ev5 9 op]ations common to himself & !m1 is free f e fault1 & yet righte\sly condemns ^? ^: m9i/ry he uses4 ,h5ce 0 inv5t$ ! di/9ction betwe5 do+ & p]mitt+2 because to _m p]sons ?is has appe>$ an inexplicable difficulty1 t ,satan & all ! impi\s are subject to ! p[] & gov]nm5t ( ,god1 s t he directs _! malice to :atev] end he pleases1 & uses _! crimes = ! execution ( 8 judgm5ts4 ,! mode/y ( ^? :o are al>m$ at ! appe>ance ( absurdity1 might p]haps be excusable1 if !y did n attempt to v9dicate ! ,div9e ju/ice by a pret5ce utt]ly de/itute ( any f\ndation 9 tru?4 ,!y consid] x absurd t a man %\ld be bl9d$ by ! w & comm& ( ,god1 & aft]w>ds be puni%$ = 8 bl9dness4 ,!y !re=e evade ! difficulty1 by alleg+ t x happ5s only by ! p]mission ( ,god1 & n by ! w ( ,god2 b ,god himself1 by ! mo/ unequivocal decl>ations1 rejects ?is subt]fuge4 ,b ,calv9 prote/s 9 va9 aga9/ resort+ to ?is evasion & subt]fuge4 ,x is ! only way 9 :i* ! advocates ( 8 doctr9e c make a plausible %[ ( argum5t :5 press$ ) c]ta9 objections4 ,h5ce we f9d ! ,we/m9/] div9es employ+ x4 ,!y tell u 9 _! ,confession ( ,fai?1 t ,god 0 pleas$1 accord+ to 8 wise & holy c\nsel1 to p]mit ! s9 ( our fir/ p>5ts4 ,le/1 h[ev]1 ! fai?ful %\ld fall into a s]i\s mi/ake1 ano!r "p assures !m t ! provid5ce ( ,god ext5de? itself to ! fir/ fall1 & all o!r s9s ( angels & m51 & t n by a b>e p]mission1 b su* z ha? jo9$ ) x a mo/ wise & p[]ful b\nd+1 & o!rwise ord]+ & gov]n+ ( !m1 c4 ,! nature ( t ord]+ & gov]n+ is expla9$ 9 ! decl>ation t ,god f all et]nity did by ! mo/ wise & holy c\nsel ( 8 own w1 freely & un*angeably orda9 :atsoev] comes to pass4 ,b h[ le>n$ m5 c talk ( ,god's p]mitt+ :at he has et]nally & un*angeably orda9$1 is a my/]y to "s ( ! unle>n$4 ,is x necess>y to tell u1 gravely1 t ,god p]mits to come to pass t :i* f all et]nity he freely orda9$ %all come to pass8 ,he p]mits m5 & angels to d :at he has pr$et]m9$ !y %all d1 & :at !y _c avoid do+6 ,wond]ful66 ,! apology = ?is gross misapplication ( language1 on ! "p ( m5 ^: le>n+ is sometimes magnifi$ almo/ into infallibility1 is f\nd 9 _! di/ress+ em]g5cy4 ,9 no o!r way c !y1 ) any plausibility1 meet _! oppon5ts4 ,! usefulness ( ?is t]m p]mit is admirably indicat$ by ! acc\nt :i* a ,presbyt]ian colporteur gives ( an int]view ) "s :o object$ to ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( decrees4 ,he says3-- ,i felt myself1 h[ev]1 sometimes compell$ to combat ) ! oppon5ts ( our ,calv9i/ic cre$4 ,on "o occasion ent]+ a h\se1 ! memb]s ( :i* all att5d$ ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 b 7 n memb]s1 ,i sold a ,confession ( ,fai? to ! g5tleman2 8 lady inquir$ :at ! "n ( ! book 0 & on be+ told1 aft] turn+ ov] its pages 9 a ha/y mann]1 exclaim$3 ',i c\ld nev] all[ t book to be "u my ro(--x %\ld n be read1 & x nev] ought to h be5 pr9t$4' ,:at 0 ,i to d8 ,! doctr9e ( our ,*ur*1 s f> z election is conc]n$1 0 attack$4 ,aft] "s little conv]sation on ! subject1 ,i f\nd t %e & h] son *>g$ our ,confession ) tea*+ t ,god pass$ a decree :i* put ! fall ( ,adam beyond ! possibility ( escape4 ,"h 0 an exig5cy4 ,let u see h[ he meets x4 ,t ! ,confession does tea* ! doctr9e :i* ! lady & h] son ascrib$ to x1 is z pla9 z any?+ c be4 ,he decre$ :atsoev] comes to pass1 & executes 8 decrees4 ,does he ask h] :at objections %e has to ?is doctr9e & (f] to refute !m8 ,does he directly & promptly d5y t ,calv9ism tea*es ?is doctr9e8 ,no6 ,su* a c\rse w\ld be r haz>d\s1 consid]+ ! "* ( ! books he 0 seek+ to di/ribute1 & did actually leave ) !m4 ,:at c\rse1 !n1 does he take8 ,i told h]1 says he1 if ! *apt] on ! fall ( man said s1 ,i 0 z loa? to believe x z %e 02 & if %e c\ld f9d x s1 ,i w\ld condemn ! doctr9e4 ,m>k6 ,he does n say1 unconditionally & unequivocally t he condemn$ ! doctr9e1 & 0 z loa? to believe x z %e 01 b if ! *apt] :i* treat$ on ! fall ( man said s4 ,well1 :at foll[s3 ,on turn+ to ! #f? *apt]1 h[ surpris$ 0 %e to read--,?is _! s9 ,god 0 pleas$ accord+ to 8 wise & holy c\nsel to p]mit4' ,?is ^w p]mit help$ him out ( 8 difficulty4 ,"h 0 a fact1 says he1 ( :i* !y _h nev] he>d be=e1 & :i* gave !m no little satisfaction4 ,he d\btless left !m "u ! impression t ! ,confession ( ,fai? does n tea* t ,god decre$ & br\ght to pass ! s9 ( ,adam4 ,h[ev]1 he did n leave !m until !y will+ly pur*as$ ! ,confession ( ,fai?1 ! ,great ,supp]1 & ,fi%]'s ,cate*ism1 :i* ass]ts1 z ,i h already %[n1 t ! v reason :y any?+ comes to pass 9 "t is1 because ,god has decre$ x1 t none ( ! decrees ( ,god c be defeat$1 or fail ( execution2 & t ,god pr$et]m9es ! creature to su* or su* an action1 & n to ano!r1 %utt+ up all o!r ways ( act+1 & leav+ t only op5 :i* he _h det]m9$ to be done4 ,ano!r presumption 9 favor ( ,arm9ianism results f ! read9ess ) :i* ,me?odi/ prea*]s are in/all$ z pa/ors ( ,calv9i/ic *ur*es1 bo? old & new s*ool1 ) ! und]/&+1 if _! own /atem5ts be reliable1 t !y are n requir$ to r5\nce or contradict ! ,arm9ian cre$4 ,arm9ian m9i/]s are com+ into great dem& by ,calv9i/s4 ,!y are admitt$ into ! ,me?odi/ m9i/ry ) ! und]/&+ t !y are s\nd ,arm9ians4 ,!y rema9 = ye>s )\t excit+ ! lea/ suspicion ( _! or?odoxy4 ,:51 all at once1 )\t any prior *ange ( ecclesia/ical relations1 or intimation ( a *ange ( !ological views1 !y walk into ,calv9i/ic pulpits4 ,i make no rem>ks at pres5t ^u ! morality ( ?is c\rse1 b d$uce t ,arm9ianism prea*+1 to "s ext5t1 is necess>y to keep up ,calv9i/ic congregations4 ,me?odi/s1 y may well prize y\r cre$4 ,y\r m9i/]s c prea* x )\t res]ve4 ,y c def5d x4 ,! wat] ( life comes to y ?r\gh no corrupt+ m$ium4 ,y are 9 no dang] ( inhal+ poison\s s$im5t4 ,x w be> analysis4 ,x comes to y fre% & abundant4 ,dr9k x1 & dig *annels wide & long = its diffusion1 t o!rs may be ble/ z y are4