,transcrib]'s notes3 ,a few             
typographical errors h be5 correct$3 !y 
are li/$ at ! end ( ! text4  ,*apt]     
head+s 7 orig9ally con/ruct$ z          
side-notes4 ,!y 7 plac$ "h at ! head (  
_! respective p>agraphs1 & mov$ to      
p>agraph's />t :]e giv5 at p>agraph's   
middle4 ,see ,,html v]sion = ! orig9al  
head]s placem5t4     ,illu/ration3      
,,l&scape ,,f ,a ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,j4 ,m4   
,w4 ,,turn]                             
,libr>y ,edition                        
,,! ,,complete ,,works                  
,,(                                     
,,john ,,rusk9                          
,,mod]n ,,pa9t]s                        
,,volume ,,ii--,,( ,,tru? ,,& ,,!oretic 
,,faculties                             
,volume ,,iii--,,( ,,_m ,,?+s           
,,national ,,libr>y ,,association       
,,new ,,york             ,,*icago       
,,mod]n ,,pa9t]s4                       
,,volume ,,ii41                         
,,conta9+                               
,,"p ,,iii41                            

,,sections ,i4 ,,& ,,ii4                
,,( ,,! ,,imag9ative ,,& ,,!oretic      
,,faculties4                            
,,synopsis ,,( ,,cont5ts4               
,,"p ,,iii4                             
,,( ,,ideas ,,( ,,beauty4               
,,section ,i4                           
,,( ,,! ,,!oretic ,,faculty4   ,,*apt]  
,i4--,( ! ,rank & ,relations ( !        
,!oretic ,faculty4                      
,,page   ,sec4  #a4 ,) :at c>e ! subject
 is to be approa*$4                  #a 
,sec4  #b4 ,& ( :at importance consid]$4
                               #b       
,sec4  #c4 ,! d\btful =ce ( ! t]m       
utility4                        #c      
,sec4  #d4 ,its prop] s5se4             
#d   ,sec4  #e4 ,h[ falsely appli$ 9 ^! 
times4                              #d  
,sec4  #f4 ,! evil consequ5ces ( su*    
int]pretation4 ,h[ connect$           ) 
national p[]4                           
#e   ,sec4  #g4 ,h[ to be av]t$4        
#f   ,sec4  #h4 ,division ( ! pursuits (
 m5 into subs]vi5t & objective4  #h     

,sec4  #i4 ,_! relative dignities4      
#aj   ,sec4 #aj4 ,h[ rev]s$ ?r\gh err+  
notions ( ! contemplative           &   
imag9ative faculties4                   
#aj   ,sec4 #aa4 ,object ( ! pres5t     
section4                                
#aa   ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,( ! ,!oretic      
,faculty z conc]n$ ) ,pleasures (       
,s5se4    ,sec4  #a4 ,explanation ( !   
t]m !oretic4                            
#ab   ,sec4  #b4 ,( ! diff]5ces ( rank 9
 pleasures ( s5se4               #ab    
,sec4  #c4 ,use ( ! t]ms ,temp]ate &    
,intemp]ate4                     #ac    
,sec4  #d4 ,"r use ( ! t]m intemp]ate4  
#ac   ,sec4  #e4 ,gr\nds ( inf]iority 9 
! pleasures :i* are subjects (          
intemp]ance4                            
#ad   ,sec4  #f4 ,evid5ce ( high] rank 9
 pleasures ( sight & he>+4      #ae     
,sec4  #g4 ,h[ ! l[] pleasures may be   
elevat$ 9 rank4                #af      
,sec4  #h4 ,ideas ( beauty h[ ess5tially
 moral4                          #ag    
,sec4  #i4 ,h[ degrad$ by he>tless      

reception4                              
#ag   ,sec4 #aj4 ,h[ exalt$ by          
affection4                              
#ah   ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,( ,accuracy &    
,inaccuracy 9 ,impressions ( ,s5se4     
,sec4  #a4 ,by :at te/ is ! heal? ( !   
p]ceptive faculty to be                 
det]m9$8                                
#ai   ,sec4  #b4 ,& 9 :at s5se may !    
t]ms ,"r & ,wrong be atta*$           to
 its conclusions8                       
#bj   ,sec4  #c4 ,:at p[] we h ov]      
impressions ( s5se4                     
#ba   ,sec4  #d4 ,dep5ds on acut5ess (  
att5tion4                               
#ba   ,sec4  #e4 ,ultimate conclusions  
univ]sal4                               
#bb   ,sec4  #f4 ,:at duty is atta*$ to 
?is p[] ov] impressions ( s5se4  #bb    
,sec4  #g4 ,h[ rew>d$4                  
#bc   ,sec4  #h4 ,especially ) respect  
to ideas ( beauty4                      
#bc   ,sec4  #i4 ,errors induc$ by ! p[]
 ( habit4                           #bd 
,sec4 #aj4 ,! necessity ( submission 9  

e>ly /ages ( judgm5t4        #bd   ,sec4
 #aa4 ,! l>ge scope ( matur$ judgm5t4   
#be   ,sec4 #ab4 ,h[ di/+ui%able f false
 ta/e4                           #be    
,sec4 #ac4 ,! dang] ( a _s ( *oice4     
#bf   ,sec4 #ad4 ,& crim9ality4         
#bg   ,sec4 #ae4 ,h[ c]ta9 conclusions  
respect+ beauty are by reason           
demon/rable4                            
#bg   ,sec4 #af4 ,) :at liabilities to  
error4                                  
#bh   ,sec4 #ag4 ,! t]m beauty h[       
limitable 9 ! outset4 ,divid$           
into typical & vital4                   
#bh   ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,( ,false ,op9ions 
held conc]n+ ,beauty4    ,sec4  #a4 ,( !
 false op9ion t tru? is beauty1 & vice  
v]sa4      #cj   ,sec4  #b4 ,( ! false  
op9ion t beauty is usefulness4 ,comp>e  
,*ap4 xii4 ,sec4 #e4                    
#ca   ,sec4  #c4 ,( ! false op9ion t    
beauty results f cu/om4 ,comp>e         
,*ap4 vi4 ,sec4 #a4                     
#ca   ,sec4  #d4 ,! tw(old op]ation (   
cu/om4 ,x dead5s s5sation1 b            

confirms affection4                     
#ca   ,sec4  #e4 ,b nev] ei!r creates or
 de/roys ! ess5ce ( beauty4     #cb     
,sec4  #f4 ,in/ances4                   
#cb   ,sec4  #g4 ,( ! false op9ion t    
beauty dep5ds on ! association (        
ideas4                                  
#cc   ,sec4  #h4 ,association4 ,is1 #a/1
 rational4 ,x is ( no effici5cy z a     
cause ( beauty4                         
#cc   ,sec4  #i4 ,association accid5tal4
 ,! ext5t ( its influ5ce4            #cd
   ,sec4 #aj4 ,! dignity ( its function4
                                    #ce 
,sec4 #aa4 ,h[ x is connect$ )          
impressions ( beauty4                   
#cf   ,sec4 #ab4 ,& :at caution x r5d]s 
necess>y 9 ! exam9ation (           !m4 
#cf   ,,*apt] ,v4--,( ,typical          
,beauty3--,fir/1 ( ,inf9ity1 or ! ,type 
(          ,div9e ,incompreh5sibility4  
,sec4  #a4 ,impossibility ( adequately  
treat+ ! subject4               #ch     
,sec4  #b4 ,) :at simplicity ( feel+ to 
be approa*$4               #ch   ,sec4  

#c4 ,! *ild in/9ct respect+ space4      
#ci   ,sec4  #d4 ,cont9u$ 9 aft] life4  
#dj   ,sec4  #e4 ,:]eto ?is in/9ct is   
traceable4                              
#dj   ,sec4  #f4 ,inf9ity h[ necess>y 9 
art4                                    
#da   ,sec4  #g4 ,conditions ( its      
necessity4                              
#db   ,sec4  #h4 ,& connect$ analogies4 
#db   ,sec4  #i4 ,h[ ! dignity (        
treatm5t is proportion$ to ! expression 
( inf9ity4                              
#dc   ,sec4 #aj4 ,examples among !      
,s\!rn s*ools4                          
#dd   ,sec4 #aa4 ,among ! ,v5etians4    
#dd   ,sec4 #ab4 ,among ! pa9t]s (      
l&scape4                                
#de   ,sec4 #ac4 ,o!r modes 9 :i* ! p[] 
( inf9ity is felt4             #de      
,sec4 #ad4 ,! beauty ( curvature4       
#df   ,sec4 #ae4 ,h[ con/ant 9 ext]nal  
nature4                                 
#df   ,sec4 #af4 ,! beauty ( gradation4 
#dg   ,sec4 #ag4 ,h[ f\nd 9 nature4     
#dg   ,sec4 #ah4 ,h[ necess>y 9 ,art4   

#dh   ,sec4 #ai4 ,inf9ity n rightly     
impli$ by va/ness4                      
#di   ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,( ,unity1 or !    
,type ( ! ,div9e ,compreh5siv5ess4      
,sec4  #a4 ,! g5]al conception ( div9e  
,unity4                         #ej     
,sec4  #b4 ,! glory ( all ?+s is _!     
,unity4                         #ej     
,sec4  #c4 ,! sev]al k9ds ( unity4      
,subjectional4 ,orig9al4 ,(             
sequ5ce1 & ( memb]%ip4                  
#ea   ,sec4  #d ,unity ( memb]%ip4 ,h[  
secur$4                                 
#eb   ,sec4  #e4 ,v>iety4 ,:y requir$4  
#ec   ,sec4  #f4 ,*ange1 & its influ5ce 
on beauty4                              
#ed   ,sec4  #g4 ,! love ( *ange4 ,h[   
morbid & evil4                          
#ee   ,sec4  #h4 ,! conduc+ ( v>iety    
t[>ds unity ( subjection4           #ee 
,sec4  #i4 ,& t[>ds unity ( sequ5ce4    
#eg   ,sec4 #aj4 ,! nature ( proportion4
 #a/1 ( app>5t proportion4          #eg 
,sec4 #aa4 ,! value ( app>5t proportion 
9 curvature4                  #fj       

,sec4 #ab4 ,h[ by nature obta9$4        
#fa   ,sec4 #ac4 ,app>5t proportion 9   
melodies ( l9e4                         
#fa   ,sec4 #ad4 ,error ( ,burke 9 ?is  
matt]4                                  
#fb   ,sec4 #ae4 ,con/ructive           
proportion4 ,its influ5ce 9 plants4     
#fc   ,sec4 #af4 ,& animals4            
#fd   ,sec4 #ag4 ,summ>y4               
#fd   ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,( ,repose1 or !  
,type ( ,div9e ,p]man5ce4    ,sec4  #a4 
,univ]sal feel+ respect+ ! necessity (  
repose 9 art4           ,its s\rces4    
#fe   ,sec4  #b4 ,repose h[ express$ 9  
matt]4                                  
#ff   ,sec4  #c4 ,! necessity to repose 
( an impli$ en]gy4                   #ff
   ,sec4  #d4 ,m5tal repose1 h[ noble4  
#fg   ,sec4  #e4 ,its univ]sal value z a
 te/ ( art4                             
#fh   ,sec4  #f4 ,in/ances 9 ! ,laocoon 
& ,!seus4                           #fi 
,sec4  #g4 ,& 9 alt> tombs4             
#gj   ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,( ,symmetry1 or 
! ,type ( ,div9e ,ju/ice4    ,sec4  #a4 

,symmetry1 :at & h[ f\nd 9 organic      
nature4                 #gb   ,sec4  #b4
 ,h[ necess>y 9 art4                    
#gb   ,sec4  #c4 ,to :at its            
agreeabl5ess is ref]able4 ,v>i\s        
in/ances4      #gc   ,sec4  #d4         
,especially 9 religi\s art4             
#gc   ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,( ,purity1 or !   
,type ( ,div9e ,en]gy4    ,sec4  #a4 ,! 
influ5ce ( light z a sacr$ symbol4      
#ge   ,sec4  #b4 ,! idea ( purity       
connect$ ) x4                           
#ge   ,sec4  #c4 ,orig9ally d]iv$ f     
conditions ( matt]4                     
#gf   ,sec4  #d4 ,associat$ ideas add+  
to ! p[] ( ! impression4                
,influ5ce ( cle>ness4                   
#gf   ,sec4  #e4 ,p]fect beauty (       
surface1 9 :at consi/+4                 
#gg   ,sec4  #f4 ,purity only           
metaphorically a type ( s9lessness4     
#gh   ,sec4  #g4 ,en]gy1 h[ express$ by 
purity ( matt]4                      #gi
   ,sec4  #h4 ,& ( color4               
#gi   ,sec4  #i4 ,spirituality1 h[ s    

express$4                               
#gi   ,,*apt] ,x4--,( ,mod]ation1 or !  
,type ( ,gov]nm5t by ,law4    ,sec4  #a4
 ,mean+ ( ! t]ms ,*a/5ess & ,ref9em5t4  
#ha   ,sec4  #b4 ,h[ ref]able to        
tempor>y fa%ions4                       
#ha   ,sec4  #c4 ,h[ to ! p]ception (   
completion4                             
#ha   ,sec4  #d4 ,f9i%1 by great ma/]s  
e/eem$ ess5tial4                    #hb 
,sec4  #e4 ,mod]ation1 its nature &     
value4                               #hd
   ,sec4  #f4 ,x is ! girdle ( beauty4  
#hd   ,sec4  #g4 ,h[ f\nd 9 natural     
curves & colors4                        
#hd   ,sec4  #h4 ,h[ difficult (        
atta9m5t1 yet ess5tial to all good4     
#he   ,,*apt] ,,xi4--,g5]al ,inf]5ces   
respect+ ,typical ,beauty4    ,sec4  #a4
 ,! subject incompletely treat$1 yet    
admitt+ ( g5]al           conclusions4  
#hf   ,sec4  #b4 ,typical beauty n      
creat$ = man's sake4                    
#hg   ,sec4  #c4 ,b degrees ( x = 8 sake
 admitt$4                        #hg    

,sec4  #d4 ,:at enc\ragem5t h5ce to be  
receiv$4                        #hg     
,,*apt] ,,xii4--,( ,vital               
,beauty3--,fir/1 z ,relative4    ,sec4  
#a4 ,transition f typical to vital      
,beauty4                        #hi     
,sec4  #b4 ,! p]fection ( ! !oretic     
faculty z conc]n$ )           vital     
beauty1 is *>ity4                       
#ij   ,sec4  #c4 ,only ) respect to     
plants1 less affection ?an sympa?y4     
#ia   ,sec4  #d4 ,:i* is proportion$ to 
! appe>ance ( en]gy 9 !                 
plants4                                 
#ib   ,sec4  #e4 ,?is sympa?y is        
unselfi%1 & does n reg>d utility4       
#ic   ,sec4  #f4 ,especially ) respect  
to animals4                             
#id   ,sec4  #g4 ,& x is de/roy$ by     
evid5ces ( me*anism4                    
#ie   ,sec4  #h4 ,! second p]fection ( !
 !oretic faculty z conc]n$           )  
life is ju/ice ( moral judgm5t4         
#if   ,sec4  #i4 ,h[ imp$$4             
#ig   ,sec4 #aj4 ,! influ5ce ( moral    

signs 9 expression4                     
#ig   ,sec4 #aa4 ,z also 9 plants4      
#ii   ,sec4 #ab4 ,recapitulation4       
#ajj   ,,*apt] ,,xiii4--,( ,vital       
,beauty3--,secondly1 z ,g5]ic4    ,sec4 
#a4 ,! beauty ( fulfilm5t ( appo9t$     
function 9 e           animal4          
#aja   ,sec4  #b4 ,! two s5ses ( ! ^w   
ideal4 ,ei!r x ref]s to           action
 ( ! imag9ation4                        
#ajb   ,sec4  #c4 ,or to p]fection (    
type4                                   
#ajc   ,sec4  #d4 ,?is la/ s5se h[      
inaccurate1 yet to be reta9$4           
#ajc   ,sec4  #e4 ,( ,ideal =m4 ,fir/1 9
 ! l[] animals4                    #ajd 
,sec4  #f4 ,9 :at consi/5t4             
#ajd   ,sec4  #g4 ,ideal =m 9           
vegetables4                             
#aje   ,sec4  #h4 ,! diff]5ce ( position
 betwe5 plants & animals4         #aje  
,sec4  #i4 ,admits ( v>iety 9 ! ideal ( 
! =m]4                  #ajf   ,sec4    
#aj4 ,ideal =m 9 vegetables de/roy$ by  
cultivation4             #ajg   ,sec4   

#aa4 ,in/ance 9 ! ,soldanella &         
,ranunculus4                     #ajh   
,sec4 #ab4 ,! beauty ( repose &         
felicity1 h[ consi/5t ) su*             
ideal4                                  
#ajh   ,sec4 #ac4 ,! ideality ( ,art4   
#aji   ,sec4 #ad4 ,h[ connect$ ) !      
imag9ative faculties4                   
#aji   ,sec4 #ae4 ,ideality1 h[ belong+ 
to ages & conditions4                   
#aaj   ,,*apt] ,,xiv4--,( ,vital        
,beauty3--,?irdly1 9 ,man4    ,sec4  #a4
 ,condition ( ! human creature entirely 
diff]5t f t           ( ! l[] animals4  
#aaa   ,sec4  #b4 ,:at room "h =        
idealization4                           
#aaa   ,sec4  #c4 ,h[ ! conception ( !  
bodily ideal is rea*$4             #aab 
,sec4  #d4 ,modifications ( ! bodily    
ideal ow+ to influ5ce ( m9d4            
,fir/1 ( intellect4                     
#aac   ,sec4  #e4 ,secondly1 ( ! moral  
feel+s4                                 
#aac   ,sec4  #f4 ,:at beauty is be/[$  
by !m4                                  

#aae   ,sec4  #g4 ,h[ ! s\l culture     
int]f]es h>mfully ) ! bodily            
ideal4                                  
#aae   ,sec4  #h4 ,! inconsi/5cy among !
 effects ( ! m5tal virtues on           
! =m4                                   
#aaf   ,sec4  #i4 ,is a sign ( ,god's   
k9d purpose t[>ds ! race4               
#aaf   ,sec4 #aj4 ,consequ5t sep>ation &
 diff]5ce ( ideals4                #aag 
,sec4 #aa4 ,! effects ( ! ,adamite curse
 are to be           di/+ui%$ f signs ( 
its imm$iate activity4          #aah    
,sec4 #ab4 ,:i* latt] only are to be    
bani%$ f ideal =m4          #aah   ,sec4
 #ac4 ,ideal =m is only to be obta9$ by 
portraiture4              #aai   ,sec4  
#ad4 ,in/ances among ! great] ( ! ideal 
,ma/]s4              #aai   ,sec4 #ae4  
,evil results ( opposite practice 9     
mod]n times4             #abj   ,sec4   
#af4 ,! "r use ( ! model4 #aba   ,sec4  
#ag4 ,ideal =m to be rea*$ only by love4
                         #aba   ,sec4   
#ah4 ,practical pr9ciples d$ucible4     

#abb   ,sec4 #ai4 ,expressions *iefly   
de/ructive ( ideal "*4 #a/1             
,pride4                                 
#abb   ,sec4 #bj4 ,portraiture anci5t & 
mod]n4                                  
#abc   ,sec4 #ba4 ,secondly1 ,s5suality4
                                        
#abc   ,sec4 #bb4 ,h[ connect$ )        
impurity ( color4                       
#abd   ,sec4 #bc4 ,& prev5t$ by its     
spl5dor4                                
#abd   ,sec4 #bd4 ,or by sev]ity (      
draw+4                                  
#abe   ,sec4 #be4 ,degrees ( desc5t 9   
?is respect3 ,rub5s1 ,correggio1 &      
,guido4                                 
#abe   ,sec4 #bf4 ,& mod]n art4         
#abf   ,sec4 #bg4 ,?irdly1 f]ocity &    
fe>4 ,! latt] h[ to be di/+ui%$         
f awe4                                  
#abf   ,sec4 #bh4 ,holy fe>1 h[ di/9ct f
 human t]ror4                     #abg  
,sec4 #bi4 ,f]ocity is jo9$ always )    
fe>4 ,its unp>donabl5ess4     #abg      
,sec4 #cj4 ,su* expressions h[ s\ght by 

pa9t]s p[]less & impi\s4 #abh   ,sec4   
#ca4 ,( passion g5]ally4                
#abi   ,sec4 #cb4 ,x is nev] to be =    
itself exhibit$--at lea/ on ! face4     
#acj   ,sec4 #cc4 ,recapitulation4      
#aca   ,,*apt] ,,xv4--,g5]al            
,conclusions respect+ ! ,!oretic        
,faculty4    ,sec4  #a4 ,!re are no     
s\rces ( ! emotion ( beauty m ?an ^?    
f\nd 9 ?+s visible4                     
#acc   ,sec4  #b4 ,:at imp]fection exi/s
 9 visible ?+s4 ,h[ 9 a sort by         
imag9ation removable4                   
#acd   ,sec4  #c4 ,:i* h[ev] affects n  
our pres5t conclusions4             #acd
   ,sec4  #d4 ,! f\r s\rces f :i* !     
pleasure ( beauty is d]iv$           are
 all div9e4                             
#acd   ,sec4  #e4 ,:at objections may be
 made to ?is conclusion4                
#ace   ,sec4  #f4 ,typical beauty may be
 ae/hetically pursu$4 ,in/ances4        
#ace   ,sec4  #g4 ,h[ int]rupt$ by false
 feel+4                                 
#acf   ,sec4  #h4 ,greatness & tru? are 

sometimes by ! ,deity su/a9$ &          
spok5 9 & ?r\gh evil m54                
#acg   ,sec4  #i4 ,! second objection   
aris+ f ! coldness ( ,*ri/ian           
m5 to ext]nal beauty4                   
#ach   ,sec4 #aj4 ,reasons = ?is        
coldness 9 ! anxieties ( ! _w4 ,^!      
anxieties ov]wr\ght & crim9al4          
#aci   ,sec4 #aa4 ,evil consequ5ces (   
su* coldness4                           
#adj   ,sec4 #ab4 ,!oria ! s]vice (     
,heav54                                 
#adj                                    
,,section ,,ii4                         
,,( ,,! ,,imag9ative ,,faculty4         
,,*apt] ,i4--,( ! ,?ree ,=ms (          
,imag9ation4    ,sec4  #a4 ,a p>tial    
exam9ation only ( ! imag9ation is to be 
attempt$4                               
#adb   ,sec4  #b4 ,! works ( !          
metaphysicians h[ nugatory ) respect    
to ?is faculty4                         
#adc   ,sec4  #c4 ,! def9ition ( ,d4    
,/ew>t1 h[ inadequate4                  
#adc   ,sec4  #d4 ,?is in/ance nugatory4

                                        
#add   ,sec4  #e4 ,v>i\s in/ances4      
#ade   ,sec4  #f4 ,! ?ree op]ations ( ! 
imag9ation4 ,p5etrative1                
associative1 contemplative4             
#adf   ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,( ,imag9ation    
,associative4    ,sec4  #a4 ,( simple   
conception4                             
#adg   ,sec4  #b4 ,h[ connect$ ) v]bal  
k4                           #adh       
,sec4  #c4 ,h[ us$ 9 composition4       
#adh   ,sec4  #d4 ,*>act]i/ics (        
composition4                            
#adi   ,sec4  #e4 ,:at p[]s are impli$  
by x4 ,! fir/ ( ! ?ree                  
functions ( fancy4                      
#aej   ,sec4  #f4 ,imag9ation n yet     
manife/$4                               
#aej   ,sec4  #g4 ,imag9ation is !      
correlative conception ( imp]fect       
compon5t p>ts4                          
#aea   ,sec4  #h4 ,mat]ial analogy )    
imag9ation4                             
#aea   ,sec4  #i4 ,! grasp & dignity (  
imag9ation4                             

#aeb   ,sec4 #aj4 ,its limits4          
#aec   ,sec4 #aa4 ,h[ manife/$ 9        
treatm5t ( unc]ta9 relations4 ,its      
defici5cy illu/rat$4                    
#aed   ,sec4 #ab4 ,laws ( art1 !        
safegu>d ( ! unimag9ative4              
#aee   ,sec4 #ac4 ,are by ! imag9ative  
pa9t] despis$4 ,te/s ( imag9ation4 #aee 
,sec4 #ad4 ,! monotony ( unimag9ative   
treatm5t4                       #aef    
,sec4 #ae4 ,imag9ation nev] repeats     
itself4                                 
#aeg   ,sec4 #af4 ,relation ( !         
imag9ative faculty to ! !oretic4        
#aeg   ,sec4 #ag4 ,modification ( its   
manife/ation4                           
#aeh   ,sec4 #ah4 ,in/ances ( abs5ce (  
imag9ation4--,claude1 ,gasp> ,p\ss94    
#aeh   ,sec4 #ai4 ,its                  
pres5ce4--,salvator1 ,nicolo ,p\ss91    
,titian1 ,t9toret4     #aei   ,sec4 #bj4
 ,& ,turn]4                             
#afj   ,sec4 #ba4 ,! due function (     
,associative imag9ation ) respect to    
nature4                                 

#afa   ,sec4 #bb4 ,! sign ( imag9ative  
"w is its appe>ance ( absolute          
tru?4                                   
#afa   ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,( ,imag9ation   
,p5etrative4    ,sec4  #a4 ,imag9ation  
p5etrative is conc]n$ n ) ! comb9+      
b appreh5d+ ( ?+s4                      
#afc   ,sec4  #b4 ,milton's & ,dante's  
description ( flame4                    
#afc   ,sec4  #c4 ,! imag9ation seizes  
always by ! inn]mo/ po9t4          #afd 
,sec4  #d4 ,x acts intuitively & )\t    
reason+4                     #afe       
,sec4  #e4 ,signs ( x 9 language4       
#afe   ,sec4  #f4 ,abs5ce ( imag9ation1 
h[ %[n4                             #aff
   ,sec4  #g4 ,di/9ction betwe5         
imag9ation & fancy4                     
#aff   ,sec4  #h4 ,fancy h[ involv$ )   
imag9ation4                             
#afh   ,sec4  #i4 ,fancy is nev] s]i\s4 
#afi   ,sec4 #aj4 ,want ( s]i\sness ! b>
 to high art at ! pres5t "t4   #afi     
,sec4 #aa4 ,imag9ation is quiet2 fancy1 
re/less4                         #agj   

,sec4 #ab4 ,! detail+ op]ation ( fancy4 
#agj   ,sec4 #ac4 ,& sugge/ive1 ( !     
imag9ation4                             
#aga   ,sec4 #ad4 ,?is sugge/iv5ess h[  
oppos$ to vacancy4                      
#agb   ,sec4 #ae4 ,imag9ation addresses 
itself to imag9ation4                   
#agc           ,in/ances f ! works (    
,t9toret4                        #agc   
,sec4 #af4 ,! entombm5t4                
#agd   ,sec4 #ag4 ,! ,annunciation4     
#agd   ,sec4 #ah4 ,! ,baptism ( ,*ri/4  
,its treatm5t by v>i\s pa9t]s4      #agf
   ,sec4 #ai4 ,by ,t9toret4             
#agg   ,sec4 #bj4 ,! ,crucifixion4      
#agh   ,sec4 #ba4 ,! ,massacre (        
innoc5ts4                               
#agi   ,sec4 #bb4 ,v>i\s works 9 !      
,scuola di ,san ,rocco4                 
#aha   ,sec4 #bc4 ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,h[ 
treat$ by v>i\s pa9t]s4            #aha 
,sec4 #bd4 ,by ,t9toret4                
#ahb   ,sec4 #be4 ,! imag9ative v]ity1  
h[ di/+ui%$ f realism4        #ahc      
,sec4 #bf4 ,! imag9ation h[ manife/$ 9  

sculpture4                   #ahd       
,sec4 #bg4 ,b&9elli1 ,canova1 ,m9o da   
,fiesole4                           #ahd
   ,sec4 #bh4 ,mi*ael ,angelo4          
#ahe   ,sec4 #bi4 ,recapitulation4 ,!   
p]fect function ( ! imag9ation is       
! intuitive p]ception ( ultimate tru?4  
#ahh   ,sec4 #cj4 ,imag9ation h[ vulg>ly
 und]/ood4                              
#aij   ,sec4 #ca4 ,h[ its cultivation is
 dep5d5t on ! moral feel+s4        #aij 
,sec4 #cb4 ,on indep5d5ce ( m9d4        
#aia   ,sec4 #cc4 ,& on habitual ref]5ce
 to nature4                             
#aia   ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,( ,imag9ation    
,contemplative4    ,sec4  #a4           
,imag9ation contemplative is n "p ( !   
ess5ce1 b only           a habit or mode
 ( ! faculty4                           
#aib   ,sec4  #b4 ,! ambiguity (        
conception4                             
#aib   ,sec4  #c4 ,is n 9 itself capable
 ( add+ to ! *>m ( fair           ?+s4  
#aic   ,sec4  #d4 ,b gives to !         
imag9ation its reg>dant p[] ov] !m4     

#aid   ,sec4  #e4 ,! ?ird (fice ( fancy 
di/+ui%$ f imag9ation                   
contemplative4                          
#aie   ,sec4  #f4 ,v>i\s in/ances4      
#aig   ,sec4  #g4 ,morbid or n]v\s      
fancy4                                  
#bjj   ,sec4  #h4 ,! action (           
contemplative imag9ation is n to be     
express$           by art4              
#bja   ,sec4  #i4 ,except "u n>r[       
limits4--#a/4 ,ab/ract r5d]+ (          
=m )\t color4                           
#bja   ,sec4 #aj4 ,( color )\t =m4      
#bjb   ,sec4 #aa4 ,or ( bo? )\t texture4
                                    #bjb
   ,sec4 #ab4 ,ab/raction or typical    
repres5tation ( animal =m4          #bjc
   ,sec4 #ac4 ,ei!r :5 x is symbolically
 us$4                           #bjd    
,sec4 #ad4 ,or 9 ar*itectural           
decoration4                             
#bje   ,sec4 #ae4 ,exception 9 delicate 
& sup]impos$ ornam5t4               #bjf
   ,sec4 #af4 ,ab/raction necess>y f    
imp]fection ( mat]ials4          #bjf   

,sec4 #ag4 ,ab/ractions ( ?+s capable ( 
v>i$ accid5t are n           imag9ative4
                                        
#bjg   ,sec4 #ah4 ,yet sometimes        
valuable4                               
#bjg   ,sec4 #ai4 ,exagg]ation4 ,its    
laws & limits4 ,fir/1 9 scale (         
repres5tation4                          
#bjh   ,sec4 #bj4 ,secondly1 ( ?+s      
capable ( v>iety ( scale4               
#bji   ,sec4 #ba4 ,?irdly1 necess>y 9   
expression ( *>act]i/ic features on     
dim9i%$ scale4                          
#baj   ,sec4 #bb4 ,recapitulation4      
#baa   ,,*apt] ,v4--,( ! ,sup]human     
,ideal4    ,sec4  #a4 ,! subject is n to
 be "h treat$ 9 detail4                 
#bab   ,sec4  #b4 ,! conceivable modes (
 manife/ation ( ,spiritual ,be+s        
are f\r4                                
#bab   ,sec4  #c4 ,& ^! are 9 or ?r\gh  
creature =ms famili> to u4     #bac     
,sec4  #d4 ,sup]natural "* may be       
impress$ on ^! ei!r by           ph5om5a
 inconsi/5t ) _! common nature 7comp>e  

,*ap4 iv4 ,sec4 #af74                   
#bac   ,sec4  #e4 ,or by inh]5t         
,dignity4                               
#bac   ,sec4  #f4 #a/4 ,( ! expression (
 inspiration4                           
#bad   ,sec4  #g4 ,no repres5tation ( t 
:i* is m ?an creature is                
possible4                               
#bae   ,sec4  #h4 ,sup]natural "*       
express$ by modification (              
accessories4                            
#baf   ,sec4  #i4 ,l&scape ( ! religi\s 
pa9t]s4 ,its "* is           em95tly    
symmetrical4                            
#bag   ,sec4 #aj4 ,l&scape ( ,b5ozzo    
,gozzoli4                               
#bag   ,sec4 #aa4 ,l&scape ( ,p]ug9o &  
,raffaelle4                             
#bah   ,sec4 #ab4 ,su* ,l&scape is n to 
be imitat$4                             
#bah   ,sec4 #ac4 ,color1 & ,decoration4
 ,_! use 9 repres5tations ( !           
,sup]natural4                           
#bai   ,sec4 #ad4 ,decoration s us$ mu/ 
be g5]ic4                               

#bbj   ,sec4 #ae4 ,& color pure4        
#bbj   ,sec4 #af4 ,ideal =m ( ! body    
itself1 ( :at v>iety susceptible4       
#bba   ,sec4 #ag4 ,anatomical developm5t
 h[ f> admissible4                      
#bba   ,sec4 #ah4 ,symmetry4 ,h[        
valuable4                               
#bba   ,sec4 #ai4 ,! influ5ce ( ,greek  
art1 h[ dang]\s4                        
#bbb   ,sec4 #bj4 ,its scope1 h[ limit$4
                                        
#bbc   ,sec4 #ba4 ,conclusion4          
#bbd   ,,add5da4                        
#bbe                             ,,li/  
,,( ,,plates ,,to ,,volume ,,ii4        
,page4    ,c\rt ( ! ,ducal ,palace1     
,v5ice                         #aj      
,f a draw+ by ,rusk94    ,tomb ( !      
,il>ia di ,c>etto1 ,lucca               
#gb                         ,f a        
photograph4    ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi  
#aeh             ,f a pa9t+ by ,rusk91  
aft] ,t9toret4    ,/udy ( ,/one ,p9e1 at
 ,se/ri                           #aih  
,f a draw+ by ,rusk94                   

,,"p ,,iii4                             
,,( ,,ideas ,,( ,,beauty4               
,,section ,i4                        ,,(
 ,,! ,,!oretic ,,faculty4               
,,*apt] ,i4           ,,( ,,! ,,rank ,,&
 ,,relations ,,( ,,! ,,!oretic          
,,faculty4   ,sec4 #a4 ,) :at c>e !     
subject is to be approa*$4  ,al?\gh !   
ha/y execution & controv]sial tone ( !  
=m] portions ( ?is essay h be5 subjects 
( frequ5t regret to ! writ]1 yet ! "o 0 
9 "s measure excusable 9 a "w ref]r$ to 
a tempor>y end1 & ! o!r unavoidable1 9  
"o direct$ aga9/ p>ticul> op9ions4 ,nor 
are ei!r ( any necess>y detrim5t to its 
availabl5ess z a f\ndation = m c>eful & 
ext5d$ survey1 9 s f> z its prov9ce 0   
conf9$ to ! ass]tion ( obvi\s & visible 
facts1 ! v]ification ( :i* c\ld 9 no    
degree be dep5d5t ei!r on ! c>e ) :i* !y
 might be class$1 or ! temp] 9 :i* !y 7 
reg>d$4 ,n s ) respect to ! inve/igation
 n[ be=e u1 :i*1 be+ n ( ?+s outw>d1 &  
s5sibly demon/rable1 b ( ! value & mean+
 ( m5tal impressions1 mu/ be ent]$ ^u ) 

a mode/y & cauti\sness proportion$ to ! 
difficulty ( det]m9+ ! lik5ess1 or      
community ( su* impressions1 z !y are   
receiv$ by diff]5t m51 & ) s]i\sness    
proportion$ to ! importance ( rightly   
reg>d+ ^? faculties ov] :i* we h moral  
p[]1 & !re=e 9 relation to :i* we       
assur$ly incur a moral responsibility4  
,!re is n ! ?+ left to ! *oice ( man to 
d or n to d1 b !re is "s sort ( degree (
 duty involv$ 9 8 det]m9ation2 & by h[  
mu* ! m1 !re=e1 our subject becomes     
emb>rass$ by ! cross influ5ces ( v>i\sly
 admitt$ passion1 adm9i/]$ discipl9e1 or
 enc\rag$ affection1 ^u ! m9ds ( m51 by 
s mu* ! m x becomes matt] ( weight &    
import to obs]ve by :at laws we %\ld be 
guid$1 & ( :at responsibilities         
reg>dful1 9 all t we admit1 adm9i/]1 or 
enc\rage4   ,sec4 #b4 ,& ( :at          
importance consid]$4  ,nor inde$ h ,i   
ev]1 ev5 9 ! prec$+ sections1 spok5 )   
levity1 ?\gh sometimes p]haps ) ra%ness4
 ,i h nev] treat$ ! subject z o!r ?an   
dem&+ he$ful & s]i\s exam9ation1 & tak+ 

high place among ^? :i* ju/ify z !y     
rew>d our utmo/ ardor & e>ne/ness (     
pursuit4 ,t x ju/ifies !m mu/ be my     
pres5t task to prove2 t x dem&s !m has  
nev] be5 d\bt$4 ,art1 prop]ly s call$1  
is no recreation2 x _c be le>n$ at sp>e 
mom5ts1 nor pursu$ :5 we h no?+ bett] to
 d4 ,x is no h&iwork = draw+-room       
tables2 no relief ( ! ennui ( b\doirs2 x
 mu/ be und]/ood & und]tak5 s]i\sly or n
 at all4 ,to advance x m5's lives mu/ be
 giv51 & to receive x _! he>ts4 ,le     
pe9tre ,rub5s s'amuse a etre            
ambassadeur1 said "o ) :om1 b = 8 own   
words1 we might h ?\ght t ef=t _h be5   
absorb$ 9 p[]1 & ! labor ( 8 art 9 its  
felicity4--,e faticoso lo /udio della   
pittura1 et sempre si fa il m>e         
maggiore1 said he1 :o ( all m5 0 lea/   
likely to h left u disc\rag+ report (   
any?+ t maje/y ( intellect c\ld grasp1  
or cont9uity ( labor ov]come4#a ,b t ?is
 labor1 ! necessity ( :i* 9 all ages has
 be5 mo/ frankly admitt$ by ! greate/   
m51 is ju/ifiable 9 a moral po9t ( view1

 t x is n ! p\r+ out ( m5's lives ^u !  
gr\nd1 t x has functions ( usefulness   
address$ to ! weightie/ ( human int]e/s1
 & t ! objects ( x h calls ^u u :i* x is
 inconsi/5t alike ) our human dignity & 
our heav5w>d duty to disobey--has nev]  
be5 boldly ass]t$ nor fairly admitt$2   
lea/ ( all is x likely to be s 9 ^! days
 ( dispat* & display1 :]e vanity1 on !  
"o side1 supplies ! place ( t love ( art
 :i* is ! only effective patronage1 & on
 ! o!r1 ( ! incorruptible & e>ne/ pride 
:i* no applause1 no reprobation1 c bl9d 
to its %ortcom+s nor beguile ( its hope4
  ,& yet x is 9 ! expectation ( obta9+  
at lea/ a p>tial ackn[l$gm5t ( ?is1 z a 
tru? influ5tial bo? ( aim & conduct1 t  
,i ent] ^u ! second division ( my       
subject4 ,! "t ,i h already devot$ to ! 
task ,i %\ld h consid]$ altoge!r        
inord9ate1 & t :i* ,i fe> may be yet    
requir$ = its completion w\ld h be5     
cause to me ( utt] disc\ragem5t1 b t !  
object ,i propose to myself is ( no     
p>tial nor accid5tal importance4 ,x is n

 n[ to di/+ui% betwe5 disput$ degrees ( 
ability 9 individuals1 or agreeabl5ess 9
 canvases1 x is n n[ to expose !        
ignorance or def5d ! pr9ciples ( p>ty or
 p]son4 ,x is to summon ! moral en]gies 
( ! nation to a =gott5 duty1 to display 
! use1 =ce1 & function ( a great body ( 
neglect$ sympa?ies & desires1 & to      
elevate to its heal?y & b5eficial       
op]ation t art :i*1 be+ altoge!r        
address$ to !m1 rises or falls ) _!     
v>iabl5ess ( vigor1--n[ lead+ !m )      
,tyrtaean fire1 n[ s++ !m to sleep )    
baby murmur+s4   ,sec4 #c4 ,! d\btful   
=ce ( ! t]m utility4  ,only z ,i fe> t )
 _m ( u ! recomm5dation ( our own       
favorite pursuits is root$ m 9 conceit (
 ourselves1 ?an affection t[>ds o!rs1 s 
t sometimes 9 our v po9t+ ( ! way1 we _h
 r t ! intricacy ( x %\ld be admir$ ?an 
unfold$1 :5ce a natural di/ru/ ( su*    
recomm5dation may well h place 9 ! m9ds 
( ^? :o h n yet p]ceiv$ any value 9 ! ?+
 prais$1 & because also1 m5 9 ! pres5t  
c5tury und]/& ! ^w ,useful 9 a /range   

way1 or at lea/ 7= ! ^w has be5 (t5 s   
accept$ f ! beg9n+ ( "t7 s9ce 9 ^! days1
 !y act its m limit$ mean+ f>!r out1 &  
give to x m practical weight & au?ority1
 x w be well 9 ! outset t ,i def9e      
exactly :at k9d ( utility ,i mean to    
attribute to art1 & especially to t     
bran* ( x :i* is conc]n$ ) ^?           
impressions ( ext]nal beauty ^: nature x
 is our pres5t object to discov]4       
,sec4 #d4 ,its prop] s5se4  ,t is to    
ev]y?+ creat$1 pre-em95tly useful1 :i*  
enables x rightly & fully to p]=m !     
functions appo9t$ to x by its ,creator4 
,!re=e1 t we may det]m9e :at is *iefly  
useful to man1 x is necess>y fir/ to    
det]m9e ! use ( man himself4  ,man's use
 & function 7& let him :o w n grant me  
?is foll[ me no f>!r1 = ?is ,i purpose  
always to assume7 is to be ! witness ( !
 glory ( ,god1 & to advance t glory by 8
 reasonable ob$i5ce & resultant         
happ9ess4  ,:atev] enables u to fulfil  
?is function1 is 9 ! pure & fir/ s5se ( 
! ^w useful to u4 ,pre-em95tly !re=e    

:atev] sets ! glory ( ,god m brightly   
be=e u4 ,b ?+s t only help u to exi/1   
are 9 a second>y & mean s5se1 useful1 or
 r1 if !y be look$ = alone1 !y are      
useless & worse1 = x w\ld be bett] t we 
%\ld n exi/1 ?an t we %\ld guiltily     
disappo9t ! purposes ( exi/5ce4   ,sec4 
#e4 ,h[ falsely appli$ 9 ^! times4  ,&  
yet p speak 9 ?is work+ age1 :5 !y speak
 f _! he>ts1 z if h\ses1 & l&s1 & food1 
& raim5t 7 alone useful1 & z if sight1  
?\ght1 & admiration1#b 7 all pr(itless1 
s t m5 insol5tly call !mselves          
,utilit>ians1 :o w\ld turn1 if !y _h _! 
way1 !mselves & _! race into vegetables2
 m5 :o ?9k1 z f> z su* c be said to ?9k1
 t ! meat is m ?an ! life1 & ! raim5t   
?an ! body1 :o look to ! e>? z a /able1 
& to its fruit z fodd]2 v9$ress]s &     
husb&m51 :o love ! corn !y gr9d1 & !    
grapes !y cru%1 bett] ?an ! g>d5s ( !   
angels ^u ! slopes ( ,ed52 hew]s ( wood 
& draw]s ( wat]1 :o ?9k t ! wood !y hew 
& ! wat] !y draw1 are bett] ?an !       
p9e-=e/s t cov] ! m\nta9s l ! %ad[ (    

,god1 & ?an ! great riv]s t move l 8    
et]nity4 ,& s comes ^u u t woe ( !      
prea*]1 t ?\gh ,god ha? made ev]y?+     
beautiful 9 8 "t1 also he ha? set ! _w 9
 _! he>t1 s t no man c f9d out ! "w t   
,god make? f ! beg9n+ to ! end4   ,sec4 
#f4 ,! evil consequ5ces ( su*           
int]pretation4 ,h[ connect$ )           
national p[]4  ,?is ,nebu*adnezz> curse1
 t s5ds u to grass l ox51 seems to foll[
 b too closely on ! excess or cont9uance
 ( national p[] & peace4 ,9 !           
p]plexities ( nations1 9 _! /ruggles =  
exi/5ce1 9 _! infancy1 _! impot5ce1 or  
ev5 _! disorganization1 !y h high] hopes
 & nobl] passions4 ,out ( ! suff]+ comes
 ! s]i\s m9d2 out ( ! salvation1 !      
grateful he>t2 out ( ! endurance1 !     
=titude2 out ( ! deliv]ance1 ! fai?2 b  
n[ :5 !y h le>n$ to live "u provid5ce ( 
laws1 & ) dec5cy & ju/ice ( reg>d = ea* 
o!r2 & :5 !y h done away ) viol5t &     
ext]nal s\rces ( suff]+1 worse evils    
seem aris+ out ( _! re/1 evils t vex    
less & mortify m1 t suck ! blood ?\gh !y

 d n %$ x1 & ossify ! he>t ?\gh !y d n  
torture x4 ,& deep ?\gh ! causes (      
?ankfulness mu/ be to e p at peace )    
o!rs & at unity 9 itself1 !re are causes
 ( fe> also1 a fe> great] ?an ( sword & 
s$ition2 t dep5d5ce on ,god may be      
=gott5 because ! bread is giv5 & ! wat] 
is sure1 t gratitude to him may cease   
because 8 con/ancy ( protection has tak5
 ! semblance ( a natural law1 t heav5ly 
hope may gr[ fa9t amid/ ! full fruition 
( ! _w1 t selfi%ness may take place (   
undem&$ devotion1 compassion be lo/ 9   
va9-glory1 & love 9 dissimulation1#c t  
en]vation may succe$ to /r5g?1 apa?y to 
pati5ce1 & ! noise ( je/+ words &       
f\lness ( d>k ?\ghts1 to ! e>ne/ purity 
( ! gird$ lo9s & ! burn+ lamp4 ,ab\t !  
riv] ( human life !re is a w9try w9d1   
?\gh a heav5ly sun%9e2 ! iris colors its
 agitation1 ! fro/ fixes ^u its repose4 
,let u bew>e t our re/ become n ! re/ ( 
/ones1 :i* s long z !y are torr5t-toss$1
 & ?und]-/rick51 ma9ta9 _! maje/y1 b :5 
! /ream is sil5t1 & ! /orm pass$1 suff] 

! grass to cov] !m & ! li*5 to fe$ on   
!m1 & are pl\gh$ d[n into du/4   ,sec4  
#g4 ,h[ to be av]t$4  ,& ?\gh ,i believe
 t we h salt en\gh ( ard5t & holy m9d   
among/ u to keep u 9 "s measure f ?is   
moral decay1 yet ! signs ( x mu/ be     
wat*$ ) anxiety1 9 all matt] h[ev]      
trivial1 9 all directions h[ev] di/ant4 
,& at ?is "t1 :5 ! iron roads are te>+  
up ! surface ( ,europe1 z grape%ot d !  
sea1 :5 _! great sag5e is draw+ & twit*+
 ! anci5t frame & /r5g? ( ,engl& toge!r1
 contract+ all its v>i\s life1 its rocky
 arms & rural he>t1 into a n>r[1 f9ite1 
calculat+ metropolis ( manufactures1 :5 
!re is n a monum5t ?r\gh\t ! cities (   
,europe1 t speaks ( old ye>s & mighty p1
 b x is be+ swept away to build cafes & 
gam+-h\ses2#d :5 ! honor ( ,god is ?\ght
 to consi/ 9 ! pov]ty ( 8 temple1 & !   
column is %ort5$1 & ! p9nacle %att]$1 ! 
color d5i$ to ! casem5t1 & ! m>ble to ! 
alt>1 :ile ex*equ]s are exhau/$ 9 luxury
 ( b\doirs1 & pride ( reception-rooms2  
:5 we ravage )\t a pause all ! lovel9ess

 ( creation :i* ,god 9 giv+ pron\nc$    
good1 & de/roy )\t a ?\ght all ^? labors
 :i* m5 h giv5 _! lives1 & _! sons'     
sons' lives to complete1 & h left = a   
legacy to all _! k9d1 a legacy ( m ?an  
_! he>ts' blood1 = x is ( _! s\ls'      
travail1 !re is ne$1 bitt] ne$1 to br+  
back1 if we may1 into m5's m9ds1 t to   
live is no?+1 unless to live be to "k   
,him by :om we live1 & t he is n to be  
kn[n by m>r+ 8 fair works1 & blott+ out 
! evid5ce ( 8 influ5ces ^u 8 creatures1 
n amid ! hurry ( cr[ds & cra% (         
innovation1 b 9 solit>y places1 & out ( 
! gl[+ intellig5ces :i* he gave to m5 ( 
old4 ,he did n tea* !m h[ to build =    
glory & = beauty1 he did n give !m !    
fe>less1 fai?ful1 inh]it$ en]gies t     
work$ on & d[n f dea? to dea?1 g5]ation 
aft] g5]ation1 t we1 f\l & s5sual z we  
are1 might give ! c>v$ "w ( _! p\r$-out 
_s to ! axe & ! hamm]2 he has n clov5 ! 
e>? ) riv]s1 t _! :ite wild waves might 
turn :eels & pu% paddles1 nor turn$ x up
 "u z x 7 fire1 t x might heat wells &  

cure diseases2 he br+s n up 8 quails by 
! ea/ w9d1 only to let !m fall 9 fle%   
ab\t ! camp ( m53 he has n heap$ ! rocks
 ( ! m\nta9 only = ! qu>ry1 nor clo!d ! 
grass ( ! field only = ! ov54   ,sec4   
#h4 ,division ( ! pursuits ( m5 into    
subs]vi5t & objective4  ,all sci5ce &   
all art may be divid$ into t :i* is     
subs]vi5t to life1 & :i* is ! object (  
x4 ,z subs]vi5t to life1 or practical1  
_! results are1 9 ! common s5se ( ! ^w1 
useful4 ,z ! object ( life or !oretic1  
!y are1 9 ! common s5se1 useless2 & yet 
! /ep betwe5 practical & !oretic sci5ce 
is ! /ep betwe5 ! m9] & ! geologi/1 !   
apo!c>y & ! *emi/2 & ! /ep betwe5       
practical & !oretic art is t betwe5 !   
bricklay] & ! ar*itect1 betwe5 ! plumb] 
& ! arti/1 & ?is is a /ep all[$ on all  
h&s to be f less to great]2 s t !       
s-call$ useless "p ( ea* pr(ession does 
by ! au?oritative & "r in/9ct ( mank9d  
assume ! sup]ior & m noble place1 ev5   
?\gh books be sometimes writt51 & t by  
writ]s ( no ord9>y m9d1 :i* assume t a  

*emi/ is rew>d$ = ! ye>s ( toil :i* h   
trac$ ! great] "p ( ! comb9ations (     
matt] to _! ultimate atoms1 by discov]+ 
a *eap way ( ref9+ sug>1 & date ! em95ce
 ( ! philosoph]1 ^: life has be5 sp5t 9 
! inve/igation ( ! laws ( light1 f ! "t 
( 8 inv5t+ an improvem5t 9 spectacles4  
,b ! common cons5t ( m5 proves & accepts
 ! proposition1 t :atev] "p ( any       
pursuit m9i/]s to ! bodily com=ts1 &    
admits ( mat]ial uses1 is ignoble1 &    
:atsoev] "p is address$ to ! m9d only1  
is noble2 & t geology does bett] 9      
reclo?+ dry bones & reveal+ lo/         
creations1 ?an 9 trac+ ve9s ( lead & b$s
 ( iron2 a/ronomy bett] 9 op5+ to u !   
h\ses ( heav5 ?an 9 tea*+ navigation2   
botany bett] 9 display+ /ructure ?an 9  
express+ juices2 surg]y bett] 9         
inve/igat+ organization ?an 9 sett+     
limbs2 only x is orda9$ t1 = our        
enc\ragem5t1 e /ep we make 9 ! m exalt$ 
range ( sci5ce adds some?+ also to its  
practical applicabilities2 t all ! great
 ph5om5a ( nature1 ! k ( :i* is desir$  

by ! angels only1 by u p>tly1 z x       
reveals to f>!r vision ! be+ & ! glory (
 ,him 9 :om !y rejoice & we live1       
disp5se yet su* k9d influ5ces & s mu* ( 
mat]ial bless+ z to be joyfully felt by 
all inf]ior creatures1 & to be desir$ by
 !m ) su* s+le desire z ! imp]fection ( 
_! nature may admit2#e t ! /rong torr5ts
 :i*1 9 _! own gladness fill ! hills )  
holl[ ?und] & ! vales ) w9d+ light1 h   
yet _! b\nd5 *>ge ( field to fe$ & b>ge 
to be>2 t ! fi]ce flames to :i* ! ,alp  
owes its upheaval & ! volcano its t]ror1
 temp] = u ! metal ve9 & quick5+ spr+2 &
 t = our incitem5t1 ,i say n our rew>d1 
= k is its own rew>d1 h]bs h _! heal+1  
/ones _! preci\sness1 & />s _! times4   
,sec4 #i4 ,_! relative dignities4  ,sec4
 #aj4 ,h[ rev]s$ ?r\gh err+ notions ( ! 
contemplative &         imag9ative      
faculties4  ,x w\ld appe>1 !re=e1 t ^?  
pursuits :i* are altoge!r !oretic1 ^:   
results are desirable or admirable 9    
!mselves & = _! own sake1 & 9 :i* no    
f>!r end to :i* _! productions or       

discov]ies are ref]r$1 c int]rupt !     
contemplation ( ?+s z !y are1 by !      
endeavor to discov] ( :at selfi% uses !y
 are capable 7& ( ?is ord] are pa9t+ &  
sculpture71 ought to take rank above all
 pursuits :i* h any ta9t 9 !m (         
subs]vi5cy to life1 9 s f> z all su*    
t5d5cy is ! sign ( less et]nal & less   
holy function4#f ,& su* rank ^! two     
sublime arts w\ld inde$ assume 9 ! m9ds 
( nations1 & become objects (           
correspond+ ef=ts1 b = two fatal &      
widespread errors respect+ ! great      
faculties ( m9d conc]n$ 9 !m4  ,! fir/ (
 ^!1 or ! !oretic faculty1 is conc]n$ ) 
! moral p]ception & appreciation ( ideas
 ( beauty4 ,& ! error respect+ x is !   
consid]+ & call+ x ae/hetic1 degrad+ x  
to a m]e op]ation ( s5se1 or p]haps     
worse1 ( cu/om1 s t ! arts :i* appeal to
 x s9k into a m]e amusem5t1 m9i/]s to   
morbid s5sibilities1 tickl]s & fann]s ( 
! s\l's sleep4  ,! second great faculty 
is ! imag9ative1 :i* ! m9d ex]cises 9 a 
c]ta9 mode ( reg>d+ or comb9+ ! ideas x 

has receiv$ f ext]nal nature1 & !       
op]ations ( :i* become 9 _! turn objects
 ( ! !oretic faculty to o!r m9ds4       
,illu/ration3 ,,c\rt ,,( ,,! ,,ducal    
,,palace1 ,,v5ice4 ,f a draw+ by ,rusk94
  ,& ! error respect+ ?is faculty is1 t 
its function is "o ( falsehood1 t its   
op]ation is to exhibit ?+s z !y are n1 &
 t 9 s do+ x m5ds ! works ( ,god4       
,sec4 #aa4 ,object ( ! pres5t section4  
,n[1 z ^! are ! two faculties to :i* ,i 
%all h occasion con/antly to ref] dur+ t
 exam9ation ( ! ideas ( beauty &        
relation on :i* we are n[ ent]+1 because
 x is only z receiv$ & treat$ by ^!1 t  
^? ideas become exalt$ & pr(itable1 x   
becomes necess>y = me1 9 ! outset1 to   
expla9 _! p[] & def9e _! sph]e1 & to    
v9dicate1 9 ! sy/em ( our nature1 _!    
true place = ! intellectual l5s & moral 
ret9a by :i* & on :i* our in=m+ ?\ghts  
are conc5trat$ & repres5t$4             
,,footnotes    #a ,t9toret4 7,ridolfi4  
,vita47    #b ,we live by admiration1   
hope1 & love4 7,excursion1 ,book ,,iv47 

#c ,rom4 xii4 #i4    #d ,! ext5t (      
ravage among works ( art1 or ( hi/orical
     int]e/1 cont9ually committ+ ?r\gh\t
 ! cont95t may1     p]haps1 be 9 "s     
measure e/imat$ f ! foll[+ facts1 to    
:i* ! exp]i5ce ( e travell] may add     
indef9itely3      ,at ,beauvois--,!     
magnific5t old h\ses support$ on columns
 (     workman%ip 7s f> z ,i recollect7 
unique 9 ! nor? ( ,france1     at !     
corn] ( ! m>ket-place1 h rec5tly be5    
de/roy$ =     ! enl>g+ ( "s ironmong]y &
 groc]y w>eh\ses4 ,! ar*     across !   
/reet lead+ to ! ca!dral has be5 de/roy$
 also1     = :at purpose1 ,i "k n4      
,at ,r\5--,! la/ ( ! *>act]i/ic h\ses on
 ! quay is n[     disappe>+4 ,:5 ,i 0   
la/ !re1 ,i witness$ ! de/ruction (     
! noble go?ic portal ( ! *ur* ( ,/4     
,ni*olas1 ^:     position int]f]$ ) !   
c\rty>d ( an hotel2 ! great] "p     ( ! 
anci5t *ur*es are us$ z smi?ies1 or     
w>eh\ses =     goods4 ,s also at ,t\rs  
7,/4 ,juli574 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+     & 
sup]b pieces ( middle-age dome/ic       

ar*itecture 9 ,europe1     opposite !   
we/ front ( ! ca!dral1 is occupi$ z a   
cafe1 &     its l[] /ory conceal$ by    
pa9t$ wa9scot+s2 repres5t+1 if     ,i   
recollect "r1 twop5ny rolls surr\nd$ by 
circles ( admir+     *]ubs4      ,at    
,g5eva--,! wood5 projections or loggias 
:i* 7 once !     *>act]i/ic feature ( ! 
city1 h be5 entirely remov$     )9 ! la/
 t5 ye>s4      ,at ,pisa--,! old        
,bapti/]y is at ?is pres5t "t 9 process 
(     be+ re/or$1 t is1 da%$ to pieces1 
& common /one     pa9t$ black & v>ni%$1 
sub/itut$ = its black m>ble4 ,9     !   
,campo ,santo1 ! invaluable frescoes1   
:i* might be protect$     by m]ely glaz+
 ! arcades1 are left expos$ to w9d &    
wea!r4     ,:ile ,i 0 !re la/ ye> ,i saw
 a monum5t put up aga9/ !     l[] "p ( !
 wall1 to "s private p]son2 ! bricklay]s
     knock$ out a l>ge space ( ! l[]    
brickwork1 ) :at     b5eficial effect to
 ! loose & bli/]$ /ucco on :i* !        
frescoes are pa9t$ above1 ,i leave !    
read] to imag9e2 ins]t$     ! tablet1 & 

!n pla/]$ ov] ! m>ks ( ! ins]tion1      
de/roy+ a portion ( ! bord] ( "o ( !    
pa9t+s4 ,!     great] "p ( ,giotto's    
,satan be=e ,god1 has be5 de/roy$ by    
! rec5t ins]tion ( "o ( ! beams ( ! ro(4
      ,! tomb ( ,antonio ,pucc9ello1 :i*
 0 ! la/ actually put up     aga9/ !    
frescoes1 & :i* de/roy$ ! t]m9al subject
 (     ! ,giotto s]ies1 be>s date #ahjh4
      ,x has be5 propos$ 7or at lea/ x  
is s report$7 t ! *ur*     ( ,la ,sp9a  
%\ld be de/roy$ 9 ord] to wid5 ! quay4  
,at ,flor5ce--,"o ( its mo/ important & 
*>act]i/ic /reets1     t 9 :i* /&s !    
*ur* ( ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 has be5 )9     
! la/ five ye>s entirely de/roy$ &      
rebuilt 9 ! ,fr5*     /yle2 consi/+ n[  
almo/ exclusively ( %ops ( bij\t]ie &   
p>fum]ie4 ,ow+ to ?is direction ( public
 funds1 ! fronts (     ! ,duomo1 ,santa 
,croce1 ,/4 ,lor5zo1 & half ! o!rs 9    
,flor5ce     rema9 9 _! orig9al bricks4 
,! old refectory ( ,santa ,croce1       
conta9+ an invaluable ,c5acolo1     if n
 by ,giotto1 at lea/ "o ( ! f9e/ works (

 8 s*ool1 is     us$ z a c>pet          
manufactory4 ,9 ord] to see ! fresco1 ,i
 _h to     get on ! top ( a loom4 ,!    
c5acolo 7( ,raffaelle87 rec5tly         
discov]$1 ,i saw :5 ! refectory x adorns
 0 us$ z a     coa*-h\se4 ,! fresco1 :i*
 gave ,raffaelle ! idea ( ! ,*ri/     ( 
! ,transfiguration1 is 9 an old wood %$ 
at ,san ,m9iato1     conceal$ beh9d a   
heap ( faggots4 ,9 ,june1 la/ ye>1 ,i   
saw     ,g5tile da ,fabriano's picture (
 ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1     belong+ to 
! ,academy ( ,flor5ce1 put face upmo/ 9 
a %[] (     ra9 9 an op5 c>t2 on my     
sugge/+ ! possibility ( ! ra9     hurt+ 
x1 an old piece ( matt+ 0 ?r[n ov] its  
face1 & x     0 :eel$ away p] ess]e     
pulita4 ,:at fate ?is signifi$1 is      
be/ to be discov]$ f ! l>ge ,p]ug9o 9 ! 
,academy2 ^:     div9e di/ant l&scape is
 n[ almo/ conceal$ by ! mass (     ,fr5*
 ultram>9e1 pa9t$ ov] x app>5tly ) a    
common h\se     bru%1 by ! picture      
clean]4      ,n to deta9 ! read] by go+ 
?r\gh ! cities ( ,italy1 ,i     w only  

fur!r m5tion1 t at ,padua1 ! ra9 beats  
?r\gh !     we/ w9d[ ( ! ,ar5a *apel1 & 
runs d[n ov] ! frescoes4     ,t at      
,v5ice1 9 ,septemb] la/1 ,i saw ?ree    
buckets set 9 !     scuola di ,san      
,rocco to cat* ! ra9 :i* came ?r\gh !   
canvases ( ,t9toret on ! ro(2 & t :ile !
 old works (     art are left ?us       
unprotect$1 ! palaces are be+ re/or$ 9 !
     foll[+ modes4 ,! ,engli% resid5ts  
knock out b[ w9d[s to see     up & d[n !
 canal4 ,! ,italians pa9t all ! m>ble   
:ite or     cream color1 /ucco ! fronts1
 & pa9t !m 9 blue & :ite     /ripes to  
imitate alaba/]4 7,?is has be5 done )   
,danieli's     hotel1 ) ! nor? angle ( !
 *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>k1 !re     replac+ ! real
 alaba/]s :i* h be5 torn d[n1 ) a       
noble old h\se 9 ,/4 ,m>k's place1 & )  
sev]al 9 ! n>r[     canals47 ,! m>bles (
 ,/4 ,m>k's1 & c>v+s1 are be+     scrap$
 d[n to make !m look bright--! l[]      
arcade ( !     ,doge's palace is        
:itewa%$--! entrance por* is be+        
re/or$--! op]ation hav+ already proce$$ 

s f> z !     knock+ (f ( ! heads ( ! old
 /atues--an iron rail+     pa9t$ black &
 yell[ has be5 put r\nd ! c\rt4 ,fad$   
tape/ries1 & lott]y tickets 7! latt] = !
 b5efit (     *>itable in/itutions7 are 
expos$ = sale 9 ! c\ncil     *amb]s4    
#e ,hook]1 ,eccl4 ,pol4 ,book ,i4 *ap4  
ii4 ,sec4 #b4    #f ,i d n ass]t t !    
accid5tal utility ( a !oretic           
pursuit1 z ( botany = in/ance1 9 any way
 degrades x1 ?\gh     x _c be consid]$ z
 elevat+ x4 ,b ess5tial utility1 a      
purpose to :i* ! pursuit is 9 "s measure
 ref]r$1 z 9     ar*itecture1 inv>iably 
degrades1 because !n ! !oretic "p     ( 
! art is comp>atively lo/ sight (2 & ?us
 ar*itecture     takes a level bel[ t ( 
sculpture or pa9t+1 ev5 :5 !     p[]s ( 
m9d develop$ 9 x are ( ! same high ord]4
      ,:5 we pron\nce ! "n ( ,giotto1   
our v5]ant ?\ghts are at     ,assisi &  
,padua1 be=e !y climb ! ,campanile (    
,santa ,m>ia del     ,fiore4 ,& he :o   
w\ld raise ! gho/ ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 mu/
     haunt ! ,si/9e & ,/4 ,lor5zo1 n ,/4

 ,pet]'s4                               
,,*apt] ,,ii4        ,,( ,,! ,,!oretic  
,,faculty ,,z ,,conc]n$ ,,) ,,pleasures 
,,( ,,s5se4   ,sec4 #a4 ,explanation ( !
 t]m !oretic4  ,i proce$ !re=e fir/1 to 
exam9e ! nature ( :at ,i h call$ !      
,!oretic faculty1 & to ju/ify my        
sub/itution ( ! t]m !oretic = ae/hetic1 
:i* is ! "o commonly employ$ ) ref]5ce  
to x4  ,n[ ! t]m ae/hesis prop]ly       
signifies m]e s5sual p]ception ( !      
outw>d qualities & necess>y effects (   
bodies1 9 :i* s5se only1 if we w\ld     
arrive at any accurate conclusions on   
?is difficult subject1 x %\ld always be 
us$4 ,b ,i :olly d5y t ! impressions (  
beauty are 9 any way s5sual1--!y are    
nei!r s5sual nor intellectual1 b moral1 
& = ! faculty receiv+ !m1 ^: diff]5ce f 
m]e p]ception ,i %all imm$iately        
endeavor to expla91 no t]m c be m       
accurate or conv5i5t ?an t employ$ by ! 
,greeks1 !oretic1 :i* ,i pray p]mission1
 !re=e1 always to use1 & to call !      
op]ation ( ! faculty itself1 ,!oria4    

,sec4 #b4 ,( ! diff]5ces ( rank 9       
pleasures ( s5se4  ,let u beg9 at ! l[e/
 po9t1 & obs]ve1 fir/1 :at diff]5ces (  
dignity may exi/ betwe5 diff]5t k9ds (  
ae/hetic or s5sual pleasure1 prop]ly s  
call$4  ,n[ x is evid5t t ! be+ common  
to brutes1 or peculi> to man1 c alone be
 no rational te/ ( inf]iority1 or       
dignity 9 pleasures4 ,we mu/ n assume t 
man is ! nobl] animal1 & !n d$uce !     
nobl5ess ( 8 delights2 b we mu/ prove ! 
nobl5ess ( ! delights1 & !nce ! nobl5ess
 ( ! animal4 ,! dignity ( affection is  
no way less5$ because a l>ge measure ( x
 may be f\nd 9 l[] animals1 nei!r is !  
vil5ess ( gluttony & lu/ abat$ because  
!y are common to m54 ,x is cle>1 !re=e1 
t !re is a /&>d ( dignity 9 ! pleasures 
& passions !mselves1 by :i* we also     
class ! creatures capable (1 or suff]+  
!m4   ,sec4 #c4 ,use ( ! t]ms ,temp]ate 
& ,intemp]ate4  ,! fir/ great di/9ction1
 we obs]ve1 is t not$ ( ,ari/otle1 t m5 
are call$ temp]ate & intemp]ate ) reg>d 
to "s1 & n s ) respect to o!rs1 & t ^?1 

) respect to :i* !y are s call$1 are1 by
 common cons5t1 held to be ! vile/4 ,b  
,ari/otle1 ?\gh exquisitely subtle 9 8  
notation ( facts1 does n frequ5tly give 
u satisfactory acc\nt (1 or reason = !m4
 ,cont5t ) /at+ ! fact ( ^! pleasures   
be+ held ! l[e/1 he %[s n :y ?is        
e/imation ( !m is j1 & confuses ! read] 
by obs]v+ casually respect+ ! high]     
pleasures1 :at is inde$ true1 b appe>s  
at fir/ oppos$ to 8 own position1       
namely1 t m5 may be conceiv$1 z also 9  
^! tak+ pleasure1 ei!r rightly1 or m or 
less ?an is "r4#g ,:i* be+ s1 & evid5t  
capability ( excess or defect exi/+ 9   
pleasures ( ?is high] ord]1 we ought to 
h be5 told h[ x happ5s t m5 are n call$ 
intemp]ate :5 !y indulge 9 excess ( ?is 
k9d1 & :at is t diff]5ce 9 ! nature ( ! 
pleasure :i* dim9i%es ! crim9ality ( its
 excess4 ,?is let u attempt to asc]ta94 
,sec4 #d4 ,"r use ( ! t]m intemp]ate4   
,m5 are held intemp]ate 7,greek3        
akola/oi7 only :5 _! desires ov]come or 
prev5t ! action ( _! reason1 & !y are   

inde$ intemp]ate 9 ! exact degree 9 :i* 
su* prev5tion or int]f]5ce takes place1 
& s are actually ,greek3 akola/oi1 9 _m 
in/ances1 & ) respect to _m resolves1   
:i* l[] n ! _w's e/imation ( _!         
temp]ance4 ,= s long z x c be suppos$ t 
! reason has act$ imp]fectly ow+ to its 
own imp]fection1 or to ! imp]fection ( !
 premises submitt$ to x1 7z :5 m5 give  
an inord9ate pref]5ce to _! own         
pursuits1 because !y _c1 9 ! nature (   
?+s1 h suffici5tly exp]i5c$ ! goodness &
 b5efit ( o!rs17 & s long z x may be    
presum$ t m5 h ref]r$ to reason 9 :at !y
 d1 & h n suff]$ its ord]s to be        
disobey$ ?r\gh m]e impulse & desire1    
7?\gh ^? ord]s may be full ( error ow+  
to ! reason's own feebl5ess17 s long m5 
are n held intemp]ate4 ,b :5 x is       
palpably evid5t t ! reason _c h err$ b t
 its voice has be5 dead5$ or disobey$1 &
 t ! reasonable creature has be5 dragg$ 
dead r\nd ! walls ( 8 own citadel by m]e
 passion & impulse1--!n1 & !n only1 m5  
are ( all held intemp]ate4 ,& ?is is    

evid5tly ! case ) respect to inord9ate  
indulg5ce 9 pleasures ( t\* & ta/e1 =   
^!1 be+ de/ructive 9 _! cont9uance n    
only ( all o!r pleasures1 b ( ! v       
s5sibilities by :i* !y !mselves are     
receiv$1 & z ?is p5alty is actually kn[n
 & exp]i5c$ by ^? indulg+ 9 !m1 s t !   
reason _c b pron\nce "r respect+ _!     
p]il\sness1 !re is no palliation ( !    
wrong *oice2 & ! man1 z utt]ly incapable
 ( w1#h is call$ intemp]ate1 or ,greek3 
akola/os4  ,x w\ld be well if ! read]   
w\ld = himself foll[ out ?is subject1   
:i* x w\ld be irrelevant "h to pursue   
f>!r1 obs]v+ h[ a c]ta9 degree (        
intemp]ance is suspect$ & attribut$ to  
m5 ) respect to high] impulses2 z1 =    
in/ance1 9 ! case ( ang]1 or any o!r    
passion crim9ally indulg$1 & yet is n s 
attribut$1 z 9 ! case ( s5sual          
pleasures2 because 9 ang] ! reason is   
suppos$ n to h _h "t to op]ate1 & to be 
itself affect$ by ! pres5ce ( ! passion1
 :i* seizes ! man involunt>ily & be=e he
 is aw>e2 :]eas1 9 ! case ( ! s5sual    

pleasures1 ! act is delib]ate1 & det]m9$
 on be=eh&1 9 direct defiance ( reason4 
,nev]!less1 if no precaution be tak5    
aga9/ immod]ate ang]1 & ! passions ga9  
^u ! man1 s z to be evid5tly wilful &   
unre/ra9$1 & admitt$ contr>y to all     
reason1 we beg9 to look ^u him z1 9 !   
real s5se ( ! ^w1 intemp]ate1 or ,greek3
 akola/os1 & assign to him1 9           
consequ5ce1 8 place among ! bea/s1 z    
def9itely z if he _h yield$ to !        
pleasurable temptations ( t\* or ta/e4  
,sec4 #e4 ,gr\nds ( inf]iority 9 !      
pleasures :i* are subjects (            
intemp]ance4  ,we see1 !n1 t ! primal   
gr\nd ( inf]iority 9 ^! pleasures is t  
:i* proves _! indulg5ce to be contr>y to
 reason2 namely _! de/ructiv5ess ^u     
prolongation1 & _! incapability (       
co-exi/+ cont9ually ) o!r delights or   
p]fections ( ! sy/em4  ,& ?is           
incapability ( cont9uance directs u to !
 second cause ( _! inf]iority2 namely1 t
 !y are giv5 to u z subs]vi5t to life1 z
 in/rum5ts ( our pres]vation--compell+ u

 to seek ! ?+s necess>y to our be+1 & t1
 !re=e1 :5 ?is _! function is fully     
p]=m$1 !y ought to h an end2 & c be only
 artificially1 & "u high p5alty1        
prolong$4 ,b ! pleasures ( sight & he>+ 
are giv5 z gifts4 ,!y answ] n any       
purposes ( m]e exi/5ce1 = ! di/9ction ( 
all t is useful or dang]\s to u might be
 made1 & (t5 is made1 by ! eye1 )\t its 
receiv+ ! slighte/ pleasure ( sight4 ,we
 might h le>n$ to di/+ui% fruits & gra9 
f fl[]s1 )\t hav+ any sup]ior pleasure 9
 ! aspect ( ! latt]4 ,& ! e> might h    
le>n$ to di/+ui% ! s\nds t communicate  
ideas1 or to recognize intimations (    
elem5tal dang] )\t p]ceiv+ ei!r music 9 
! voice1 or maje/y 9 ! ?und]4 ,& z ^!   
pleasures h no function to p]=m1 s !re  
is no limit to _! cont9uance 9 !        
accompli%m5t ( _! end1 = !y are an end 9
 !mselves1 & s may be p]petual ) all (  
u--be+ 9 no way de/ructive1 b r increas+
 9 exquisit5ess by repetition4   ,sec4  
#f4 ,evid5ce ( high] rank 9 pleasures ( 
sight & he>+4  ,h]e91 !n1 we f9d v      

suffici5t gr\nd = ! high] e/imation ( ^!
 delights1 fir/1 9 _! be+ et]nal &      
inexhau/ible1 & secondly1 9 _! be+      
evid5tly no means or in/rum5t ( life1 b 
an object ( life4 ,n[ 9 :atev] is an    
object ( life1 9 :atev] may be inf9itely
 & = itself desir$1 we may be sure !re  
is some?+ ( div9e1 = ,god w n make any?+
 an object ( life to 8 creatures :i*    
does n po9t to1 or p>take (1 ,himself4  
,& s1 ?\gh we 7 to reg>d ! pleasures (  
sight m]ely z ! highe/ ( s5sual         
pleasures1 & ?\gh !y 7 ( r>e occurr5ce1 
&1 :5 occurr+1 isolat$ & imp]fect1 !re  
w\ld /ill be a sup]natural "* ab\t !m1  
ow+ to _! p]man5ce & self-suffici5cy1   
:]e no o!r s5sual pleasures are p]man5t 
or self-suffici5t4 ,b :51 in/ead ( be+  
scatt]$1 int]rupt$1 or *ance-di/ribut$1 
!y are ga!r$ toge!r1 & s arrang$ to     
enhance ea* o!r z by *ance !y c\ld n be1
 !re is caus$ by !m n only a feel+ (    
/rong affection t[>ds ! object 9 :i* !y 
exi/1 b a p]ception ( purpose &         
adaptation ( x to our desires2 a        

p]ception1 !re=e1 ( ! imm$iate op]ation 
( ! ,intellig5ce :i* s =m$ u1 & s fe$s  
u4  ,out ( :i* p]ception arise joy1     
admiration1 & gratitude4  ,n[ ! m]e     
animal consci\sness ( ! pleasantness ,i 
call ae/hesis2 b ! exult+1 rev]5t1 &    
grateful p]ception ( x ,i call !oria4 ,=
 ?is1 & ?is only1 is ! full compreh5sion
 & contemplation ( ! beautiful z a gift 
( ,god1 a gift n necess>y to our be+1 b 
add$ to1 & elevat+ x1 & tw(old1 fir/ ( !
 desire1 & secondly ( ! ?+ desir$4      
,sec4 #g4 ,h[ ! l[] pleasures may be    
elevat$ 9 rank4  ,& t ?is joyfulness &  
rev]5ce are a necess>y "p ( !oretic     
pleasure is v evid5t :5 we consid] t1 by
 ! pres5ce ( ^! feel+s1 ev5 ! l[] & m   
s5sual pleasures may be r5d]$ !oretic4  
,?us ,ari/otle has subtly not$1 t we    
call n m5 intemp]ate s mu* ) respect to 
! sc5ts ( roses or h]b-p]fumes z (      
o9tm5ts & ( condim5ts1 7?\gh ! reason t 
he gives = ?is be futile en\gh47 ,= !   
fact is1 t ( sc5ts artificially prep>$ !
 extreme desire is intemp]ance1 b (     

natural & ,god-giv5 sc5ts1 :i* take _!  
"p 9 ! h>mony & pleasantness ( creation1
 !re c h>dly be intemp]ance2 n t !re is 
any absolute diff]5ce betwe5 ! two k9ds1
 b t ^! are likely to be receiv$ )      
gratitude & joyfulness r ?an ^?1 s t we 
despise ! seek+ ( ess5ces & ungu5ts1 b n
 ! s[+ ( violets along our g>d5 banks4  
,b all ?+s may be elevat$ by affection1 
z ! spik5>d ( ,m>y1 & 9 ! ,song (       
,solomon1 ! myrrh ^u ! h&les ( ! lock1 &
 t ( ,isaac conc]n+ 8 son4 ,& ! g5]al   
law = all ^! pleasures is1 t :5 s\ght 9 
! ab/ract & ard5tly1 !y are f\l ?+s1 b  
:5 receiv$ ) ?ankfulness & ) ref]5ce to 
,god's glory1 !y become !oretic2 & s ,i 
c f9d some?+ div9e 9 ! sweetness ( wild 
fruits1 z well z 9 ! pleasantness ( !   
pure air1 & ! t5d]ness ( its natural    
p]fumes t come & g z !y li/4   ,sec4 #h4
 ,ideas ( beauty h[ ess5tially moral4   
,x w be und]/ood :y ,i =m]ly said 9 !   
*apt] respect+ ideas ( beauty1 t ^?     
ideas 7 ! subject ( moral & n (         
intellectual1 nor altoge!r ( s5sual     

p]ception2 & :y ,i spoke ( ! pleasures  
connect$ ) !m z d]iv$ f ^? mat]ial      
s\rces :i* are agreeable to our moral   
nature 9 its purity & p]fection4 ,=1 z x
 is necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( an idea (   
beauty1 t ! s5sual pleasure :i* may be  
its basis1 %\ld be accompani$ fir/ )    
joy1 !n ) love ( ! object1 !n ) !       
p]ception ( k9dness 9 a sup]ior         
,intellig5ce1 f9ally ) ?ankfulness &    
v5]ation t[>ds t ,intellig5ce itself1 & 
z no idea c be at all consid]$ z 9 any  
way an idea ( beauty1 until x be made up
 ( ^! emotions1 any m ?an we c be said  
to h an idea ( a lett] ( :i* we p]ceive 
! p]fume & ! fair writ+1 )\t und]/&+ !  
cont5ts ( x1 or int5t ( x2 & z ^!       
emotions are 9 no way resultant f1 nor  
obta9able by1 any op]ation ( !          
intellect1 x is evid5t t ! s5sation (   
beauty is n s5sual on ! "o h&1 nor is x 
intellectual on ! o!r1 b is dep5d5t on a
 pure1 "r1 & op5 /ate ( ! he>t1 bo? =   
its tru? & = its int5sity1 insomu* t ev5
 ! "r aft] action ( ! intellect ^u facts

 ( beauty s appreh5d$1 is dep5d5t on !  
acut5ess ( ! he>t feel+ ab\t !m2 & ?us !
 ,apo/olic words come true1 9 ?is m9or  
respect z 9 all o!rs1 t m5 are ali5at$ f
 ! life ( ,god1 ?r\gh ! ignorance t is 9
 !m1 hav+ ! und]/&+ d>k5$ because ( !   
h>dness ( _! he>ts1 & s be+ pa/ feel+1  
give !mselves up to lascivi\sness2 = we 
d inde$ see con/antly t m5 hav+         
naturally acute p]ceptions ( !          
beautiful1 yet n receiv+ x ) a pure     
he>t1 nor into _! he>ts at all1 nev]    
compreh5d x1 nor receive good f x1 b    
make x a m]e m9i/] to _! desires1 &     
accompanim5t & season+ ( l[] s5sual     
pleasures1 until all _! emotions take ! 
same e>?ly /amp1 & ! s5se ( beauty s9ks 
into ! s]vant ( lu/4   ,sec4 #i4 ,h[    
degrad$ by he>tless reception4  ,sec4   
#aj4 ,h[ exalt$ by affection4  ,nor is  
:at ! _w commonly und]/&s by !          
cultivation ( ta/e1 any?+ m or bett] ?an
 ?is1 at lea/ 9 times ( corrupt &       
ov]-pamp]$ civilization1 :5 m5 build    
palaces & plant groves & ga!r luxuries1 

t !y & _! devices may hang 9 ! corn]s ( 
! _w l f9e-spun cobwebs1 ) gre$y1       
puff$-up1 spid]-l lu/s 9 ! middle4 ,&   
?is1 :i* 9 ,*ri/ian times is ! abuse &  
corruption ( ! s5se ( beauty1 0 9 t     
,pagan life ( :i* ,/4 ,paul speaks1     
little less ?an ! ess5ce ( x1 & ! be/ !y
 _h2 = ,i "k n t ( ! expressions (      
affection t[>ds ext]nal nature to be    
f\nd among ,hea!n writ]s1 !re are any ( 
:i* ! balance & lead+ ?\ght cleaves n   
t[>ds ! s5sual p>ts ( h]4 ,h] b5efic5ce 
!y s\ght1 & h] p[] !y %unn$1 h] tea*+   
?r\gh bo?1 !y und]/ood nev]4 ,! pleasant
 influ5ces ( s(t w9ds & r++ /reamlets1 &
 %ady cov]ts2 ( ! violet c\*1 &         
plane-tree %ade1#i !y receiv$1 p]haps1 9
 a m noble way ?an we1 b !y f\nd n any?+
 except fe>1 ^u ! b>e m\nta91 or 9 !    
gho/ly gl54 ,! ,hybla hea!r !y lov$ m = 
its sweet hives ?an its purple hues4 ,b 
! ,*ri/ian !oria seeks n1 ?\gh x        
accepts1 & t\*es ) its own purity1 :at !
 ,epicurean s\ght1 b f9ds its food & !  
objects ( its love ev]y:]e1 9 :at is h>%

 & fe>ful1 z well z :at is k9d1 nay1 ev5
 9 all t seems co>se & commonplace2     
seiz+ t :i* is good1 & delight+ m       
sometimes at f9d+ its table spread 9    
/range places1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( its      
enemies1 & its honey com+ out ( ! rock1 
?an if all 7 h>moniz$ into a less       
wondr\s pleasure2 hat+ only :at is      
self-sight$ & insol5t ( m5's "w1 despis+
 all t is n ( ,god1 unless rem9d+ x (   
,god1 yet able to f9d evid5ce ( him     
/ill1 :]e all seems =getful ( him1 & to 
turn t into a witness ( 8 work+ :i* 0   
meant to obscure x1 & s ) cle> & un(f5d$
 sight behold+ him =ev]1 accord+ to !   
writt5 promise1--,bless$ are ! pure 9   
he>t1 = !y %all see ,god4   ,,footnotes 
#g ,greek3 hos dei1 kai ka?' hyp]bol5   
kai elleips94    #h ,comp4 ,hook]1      
,eccl4 ,pol4 ,book i4 *ap4 #h4    #i    
,plato1 ,pha$rus1 ,sec4 #i4             
,,*apt] ,,iii4       ,,( ,,accuracy ,,& 
,,inaccuracy ,,9 ,,impressions ,,(      
,,s5se4   ,sec4 #a4 ,by :at te/ is !    
heal? ( ! p]ceptive faculty to be       

det]m9$8  ,hi!rto we h obs]v$ only !    
di/9ctions ( dignity among pleasures (  
s5se1 consid]$ m]ely z su*1 & ! way 9   
:i* any ( !m may become !oretic 9 be+   
receiv$ ) "r feel+4  ,b z we g f>!r1 &  
exam9e ! di/9ctive nature ( ideas (     
beauty1 we %all1 ,i believe1 p]ceive    
some?+ 9 !m besides ae/hetic pleasure1  
:i* atte/s a m important function       
belong+ to !m ?an atta*es to o!r s5sual 
ideas1 & exhibits a m exalt$ "* 9 !     
faculty by :i* !y are receiv$4 ,& ?is 0 
:at ,i allud$ to1 :5 ,i said 9 ! *apt]  
already ref]r$ to 7,sec4 #a71 t we may  
inde$ p]ceive1 z f> z we are acqua9t$ ) 
! nature ( ,god1 t we h be5 s con/ruct$ 
z 9 a heal?y /ate ( m9d to d]ive        
pleasure f :atev] ?+s are illu/rative ( 
t nature4  ,?is po9t x is necess>y n[   
f>!r to develop4  ,our fir/ inquiry mu/ 
evid5tly be1 h[ we are au?oriz$ to      
affirm ( any man's m9d1 respect+        
impressions ( sight1 t x is 9 a heal?y  
/ate or o!rwise4 ,:at canon or te/ is   
!re by :i* we may det]m9e ( ^!          

impressions t !y are or are n rightly   
e/eem$ beautiful8 ,to :at au?ority1 :5  
m5 are at v>iance ) ea* o!r on ?is      
subject1 %all x be deput$ to judge :i*  
is "r8 or is !re any su* au?ority or    
canon at all8  ,= x does n at fir/ appe>
 easy to prove t m5 ought to l "o ?+ r  
?an ano!r1 & al?\gh ?is is grant$       
g5]ally by m5's speak+ ( bad or good    
ta/e1 x is frequ5tly d5i$ :5 we pass to 
p>ticul>s1 by ! ass]tion ( ea*          
individual t he has a "r to 8 op9ion--a 
"r :i* is sometimes claim$ ev5 9 moral  
matt]s1 ?\gh !n palpably )\t f\ndation1 
b :i* does n appe> altoge!r irrational 9
 matt]s ae/hetic1 :]e9 little op]ation (
 volunt>y *oice is suppos$ possible4 ,x 
w\ld appe> /range1 = in/ance1 to ass]t1 
respect+ a p>ticul> p]son :o pref]r$ !  
sc5t ( violets to roses1 t he _h no "r  
to d s4 ,& yet1 :ile ,i h said t !      
s5sation ( beauty is intuitive &        
necess>y1 z m5 d]ive pleasure f ! sc5t (
 a rose1 ,i h assum$ t !re are "s s\rces
 f :i* x is rightly d]iv$1 & o!rs f :i* 

x is wrongly d]iv$1 9 o!r words t m5 h  
no "r to ?9k "s ?+s beautiful1 & no "r  
to rema9 apa!tic ) reg>d to o!rs4       
,sec4 #b4 ,& 9 :at s5se may ! t]ms ,"r &
 ,wrong be atta*$ to its                
conclusions8  ,h5ce !n arise two        
que/ions1 accord+ to ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w  
"r is tak52 ! fir/1 9 :at way an        
impression ( s5se may be deceptive1 &   
!re=e a conclusion respect+ x untrue2 & 
! second1 9 :at way an impression (     
s5se1 or ! pref]5ce ( "o1 may be a      
subject ( w1 & !re=e ( moral duty or    
del9qu5cy4  ,to ! fir/ ( ^! que/ions1 ,i
 answ] t we _c speak ( ! imm$iate       
impression ( s5se z false1 nor ( its    
pref]5ce to o!rs z mi/ak51 = no "o c be 
deceiv$ respect+ ! actual s5sation he   
p]ceives or pref]s4 ,b falsity may atta*
 to 8 ass]tion or supposition1 ei!r t   
:at he himself p]ceives is f ! same     
object p]ceiv$ by o!rs1 or is always to 
be by himself p]ceiv$1 or is always to  
be by himself pref]r$2 & :5 we speak ( a
 man z wrong 9 8 impressions ( s5se1 we 

ei!r mean t he feels diff]5tly f all1 or
 a majority1 respect+ a c]ta9 object1 or
 t he pref]s at pres5t ^? ( 8           
impressions1 :i* ultimately he w n      
pref]4  ,to ! second ,i answ]1 t ov]    
imm$iate impressions & imm$iate         
pref]5ces we h no p[]1 b ov] ultimate   
impressions1 & especially ultimate      
pref]5ces we h2 & t1 ?\gh we c nei!r at 
once *oose :e!r we %all see an object1  
r$1 gre51 or blue1 nor det]m9e to l ! r$
 bett] ?an ! blue1 or ! blue bett] ?an !
 r$1 yet we c1 if we *oose1 make        
ourselves ultimately susceptible ( su*  
impressions 9 o!r degrees1 & capable (  
pleasures 9 !m 9 diff]5t measure2 &     
because1 :]ev] p[] ( any k9d is giv51   
!re is responsibility atta*$1 x is !    
duty ( m5 to pref] c]ta9 impressions (  
s5se to o!rs1 because !y h ! p[] ( do+  
s1 ?is be+ precisely analog\s to ! law (
 ! moral _w1 :]eby m5 are suppos$ n only
 capable ( gov]n+ _! likes & dislikes1 b
 ! :ole culpability or propriety (      
actions is dep5d5t ^u ?is capability1 s 

t m5 are guilty or o!rwise1 n = :at !y  
d1 b = :at !y desire1 ! comm& be+ n1 ?\ 
%alt obey1 b ?\ %alt love1 ! ,"l ?y     
,god1 :i*1 if m5 7 n capable ( gov]n+ & 
direct+ _! affections1 w\ld be ! comm& (
 an impossibility4   ,sec4 #c4 ,:at p[] 
we h ov] impressions ( s5se4  ,i ass]t1 
!re=e1 t ev5 ) respect to impressions ( 
s5se1 we h a p[] ( pref]5ce1 & a        
correspond+ duty1 & ,i %all %[ fir/ !   
nature ( ! p[]1 & aft]w>ds ! nature ( ! 
duty4  ,let u take an in/ance f "o ( !  
l[e/ ( ! s5ses1 & obs]ve ! k9d ( p[] we 
h ov] ! impressions ( l+ual ta/e4 ,on ! 
fir/ (f]+ ( two diff]5t ?+s to ! palate1
 x is n 9 our p[] to prev5t or comm& !  
in/9ctive pref]5ce4 ,"o w be unavoidably
 & helplessly pref]r$ to ! o!r4 ,b if ! 
same two ?+s be submitt$ to judgm5t     
frequ5tly & att5tively1 x w be (t5 f\nd 
t _! relations *ange4 ,! palate1 :i* at 
fir/ p]ceiv$ only ! co>se & viol5t      
qualities ( ei!r1 w1 z x becomes m      
exp]i5c$1 acquire great] subtilty &     
delicacy ( discrim9ation1 p]ceiv+ 9 bo? 

agreeable or disagreeable qualities at  
fir/ unnotic$1 :i* on cont9u$ exp]i5ce w
 probably become m influ5tial ?an ! fir/
 impressions2 & :atev] ?is f9al v]dict  
may be1 x is felt by ! p]son :o gives x1
 & receiv$ by o!rs z a m correct "o ?an 
! fir/4   ,sec4 #d4 ,dep5ds on acut5ess 
( att5tion4  ,s1 !n1 ! p[] we h ov] !   
pref]5ce ( impressions ( ta/e is n      
actual nor imm$iate1 b only a p[] ( te/+
 & comp>+ !m frequ5tly & c>efully1 until
 t :i* is ! m p]man5t1 ! m consi/5tly   
agreeable1 be det]m9$4 ,b :5 ! in/rum5t 
( ta/e is ?us 9 "s degree p]fect$ &     
r5d]$ subtile1 by its be+ practis$ ^u a 
s+le object1 its conclusions w be m     
rapid ) respect to o!rs1 & x w be able  
to di/+ui% m quickly 9 o!r ?+s1 & ev5 to
 pref] at once1 ^? qualities :i* are    
calculat$ f9ally to give x mo/ pleasure1
 ?\gh m capable ) respect to ^? on :i* x
 is m frequ5tly ex]cis$2 :5ce p are     
call$ judges ) respect to ?is or t      
p>ticul> object ( ta/e4   ,sec4 #e4     
,ultimate conclusions univ]sal4  ,n[ t  

v]dicts ( ?is k9d are receiv$ z         
au?oritative by o!rs1 proves ano!r & m  
important fact1 namely1 t n only *anges 
( op9ion take place 9 consequ5ce (      
exp]i5ce1 b t ^? *anges are f v>iation (
 op9ion to unity ( op9ion2 & t :atev]   
may be ! diff]5ces ( e/imate among      
unpractis$ or uncultivat$ ta/es1 !re w  
be unity ( ta/e among ! exp]i5c$4 ,& t  
!re=e ! op]ation ( repeat$ trial &      
exp]i5ce is to arrive at pr9ciples (    
pref]5ce 9 "s sort common to all1 & :i* 
are a "p ( our nature4  ,i h select$ !  
s5se ( ta/e = an in/ance1 because x is !
 lea/ favorable to ! position ,i hold1  
s9ce !re is m latitude all[$1 & m actual
 v>iety ( v]dict 9 ! case ( ?is s5se ?an
 ( any o!r2 & yet1 h[ev] susceptible (  
v>iety ev5 ! ultimate approximations (  
its pref]5ces may be1 ! au?ority (      
judges is di/9ctly all[$1 & we he> e day
 ! admission1 by ^? ( unpractis$ palate1
 t !y are1 or may be wrong 9 _! op9ions 
respect+ ! real pleasurabl5ess ( ?+s    
ei!r to !mselves1 or to o!rs4   ,sec4   

#f4 ,:at duty is atta*$ to ?is p[] ov]  
impressions ( s5se4  ,! s5se1 h[ev]1 9  
:i* !y ?us use ! ^w wrong is m]ely t (  
fals5ess or inaccuracy 9 conclusion1 n (
 moral del9qu5cy4 ,b !re is1 z ,i h     
/at$1 a duty1 m or less imp]ative1      
atta*$ to e p[] we possess1 & !re=e to  
?is p[] ov] ! l[] s5ses z well z to all 
o!rs4  ,& ?is duty is evid5tly to br+ e 
s5se into t /ate ( cultivation1 9 :i* x 
%all bo? =m ! true/ conclusions respect+
 all t is submitt$ to x1 & procure u !  
greate/ am\nt ( pleasure consi/5t ) its 
due relation to o!r s5ses & functions4  
,:i* ?ree con/itu5ts ( p]fection 9 s5se1
 true judgm5t1 maximum s5sibility1 & "r 
relation to o!rs1 are inv>iably         
co-exi/5t & involv$ "o by ! o!r1 = !    
true judgm5t is ! result ( ! high       
s5sibility1 & ! high s5sibility ( ! "r  
relation4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ) respect to 
pleasures ( ta/e1 x is our duty n to    
devote su* inord9ate att5tion to !      
discrim9ation ( !m z mu/ be inconsi/5t )
 our pursuit1 & de/ructive ( our        

capacity ( high] & pref]able pleasures1 
b to cultivate ! s5se ( !m 9 t way :i*  
is consi/5t ) all o!r good1 by          
temp]ance1 namely1 & by su* att5tion z !
 m9d at c]ta9 re/+ mom5ts may fitly pay 
ev5 to s ignoble a s\rce ( pleasure z   
?is1 by :i* discipl9e we %all br+ !     
faculty ( ta/e itself to its real       
maximum ( s5sibility2 = x may n be d\bt$
 b t heal?1 hung]1 & su* g5]al ref9em5t 
( bodily habits z %all make ! body a    
p]fect & f9e in/rum5t 9 all respects1   
are bett] promot]s ( actual s5sual      
enjoym5t ( ta/e1 ?an ! sick5$1 sluggi%1 
h>d-/imulat$ fa/idi\sness ( ,epicurism4 
,sec4 #g4 ,h[ rew>d$4  ,s also x w      
c]ta9ly be f\nd ) all ! s5ses1 t !y     
individually receive ! greate/ & pure/  
pleasure :5 !y are 9 "r condition &     
degree ( subord9ation to all ! re/2 & t 
by ! ov] cultivation ( any "o1 7= morbid
 s\rces ( pleasure & correspond5t       
temptations to irrational indulg5ce1    
confess$ly are atta*$ to all17 we %all  
add m to _! p[] z in/rum5ts ( puni%m5t  

?an ( pleasure4  ,we see !n1 9 ?is      
example ( ! l[e/ s5se1 t ! p[] we h ov] 
s5sations & pref]5ces dep5ds ma9ly on ! 
ex]cise ( att5tion ?r\gh c]ta9 prolong$ 
p]iods1 & t by ?is ex]cise1 we arrive at
 ultimate1 con/ant1 & common s\rces (   
agreeabl5ess1 ca/+ (f ^? :i* are        
ext]nal1 accid5tal1 & individual4       
,sec4 #h4 ,especially ) respect to ideas
 ( beauty4  ,t !n :i* is requir$ 9 ord] 
to ! atta9m5t ( accurate conclusions    
respect+ ! ess5ce ( ! beautiful1 is no?+
 m ?an e>ne/1 lov+1 & unselfi% att5tion 
to our impressions ( x1 by :i* ^? :i*   
are %all[1 false1 or peculi> to times & 
temp]am5ts1 may be di/+ui%$ f ^? t are  
et]nal4 ,& ?is dwell+ ^u1 & fond        
contemplation ( !m1 7! ans*auung ( !    
,g]mans17 is p]haps z mu* z 0 meant by !
 ,greek !oria2 & x is inde$ a v noble   
ex]cise ( ! s\ls ( m51 & "o by :i* !y   
are peculi>ly di/+ui%$ f ! anima ( l[]  
creatures1 :i* _c1 ,i ?9k1 be prov$ to h
 any capacity ( contemplation at all1 b 
only a re/less vividness ( p]ception &  

conception1 ! fancy ( ,hook] 7,eccl4    
,pol4 ,book i4 ,*ap4 vi4 #b74 ,& yet ?is
 dwell+ ^u !m comes n up to t :i* ,i wi%
 to express by ! ^w !oria1 unless x be  
accompani$ by full p]ception ( _! be+ a 
gift f & manife/ation ( ,god1 & by all  
^? o!r nobl] emotions be=e describ$1    
s9ce n until s felt is _! ess5tial      
nature compreh5d$4   ,sec4 #i4 ,errors  
induc$ by ! p[] ( habit4  ,b two v      
important po9ts are to be obs]v$        
respect+ ! direction & discipl9e ( !    
att5tion 9 ! e>ly /ages ( judgm5t4 ,!   
fir/1 t1 = _m b5efic5t purposes1 !      
nature ( man has be5 made reconcilable  
by cu/om to _m ?+s naturally pa9ful to  
x1 & ev5 improp] = x1 & t !re=e1 ?\gh by
 cont9u$ exp]i5ce1 unit$ ) ?\ght1 we may
 discov] t :i* is be/ ( sev]al1 yet if  
we submit ourselves to au?ority or      
fa%ion1 & close our eyes1 we may be by  
cu/om made to tol]ate1 & ev5 to love &  
long =1 t :i* is naturally pa9ful &     
p]nici\s to u1 :5ce arise incalculable  
emb>rassm5ts on ! subject ( art4   ,sec4

 #aj4 ,! necessity ( submission 9 e>ly  
/ages ( judgm5t4  ,! second1 t1 9 ord]  
to ! discov]y ( t :i* is be/ ( two ?+s1 
x is necess>y t bo? %\ld be equally     
submitt$ to ! att5tion2 & !re=e t we    
%\ld h s mu* fai? 9 au?ority z %all make
 u repeat$ly obs]ve & att5d to t :i* is 
said to be "r1 ev5 ?\gh at pres5t we may
 n feel x s4 ,& 9 ! "r m+l+ ( ?is fai? )
 ! op5ness ( he>t1 :i* proves all ?+s1  
lies ! great difficulty ( ! cultivation 
( ! ta/e1 z f> z ! _s ( ! s*ol> is      
conc]n$1 ?\gh ev5 :5 he has ?is _s1 he  
may be long ret>d$ by hav+ evil examples
 submitt$ to him by ignorant ma/]s4  ,! 
temp]1 !re=e1 by :i* "r ta/e is =m$1 is 
fir/1 pati5t4 ,x dwells ^u :at is       
submitt$ to x1 x does n trample ^u x le/
 x %\ld be pe>ls1 ev5 ?\gh x look l     
husks1 x is a good gr\nd1 s(t1          
p5etrable1 ret5tive1 x does n s5d up    
?orns ( unk9d ?\ghts1 to *oke ! weak    
se$1 x is hungry & ?ir/y too1 & dr9ks   
all ! dew t falls on x1 x is an hone/ & 
good he>t1 t %[s no too ready spr++ be=e

 ! sun be up1 b fails n aft]w>ds2 x is  
di/ru/ful ( itself1 s z to be ready to  
believe & to try all ?+s1 & yet s       
tru/ful ( itself1 t x w nei!r quit :at x
 has tri$1 nor take any?+ )\t try+4 ,& t
 pleasure :i* x has 9 ?+s t x f9ds true 
& good1 is s great t x _c possibly be l$
 aside by any tricks ( fa%ion1 nor      
diseases ( vanity1 x _c be cramp$ 9 its 
conclusions by p>tialities &            
hypocrisies1 its visions & its delights 
are too p5etrat+1 too liv+1 = any       
:itewa%$ object or %all[ f\nta9 long to 
endure or supply4 ,x clasps all t x     
loves s h>d1 t x cru%es x if x be holl[4
   ,sec4 #aa4 ,! l>ge scope ( matur$    
judgm5t4  ,n[1 ! conclusions ( ?is      
disposition are sure to be ev5tually "r1
 m & m "r accord+ to ! g5]al maturity ( 
all ! p[]s1 b x is sure to come "r at   
la/1 because its op]ation is 9 analogy  
to1 & 9 h>mony )1 ! :ole _s ( ! ,*ri/ian
 moral sy/em1 & t :i* x w ultimately    
love & re/ 91 are great s\rces (        
happ9ess common to all ! human race1 &  

bas$ on ! relations !y hold to _!       
,creator4  ,^! common & g5]al s\rces (  
pleasure are1 ,i believe1 a c]ta9 seal1 
or impress ( div9e "w & "*1 ^u :atev]   
,god has wr\ght 9 all ! _w2 only1 x be+ 
necess>y = ! p]ception ( !m1 t _!       
contr>ies %\ld also be set be=e u1 ^!   
div9e qualities1 ?\gh insep>able f all  
div9e works1 are yet suff]$ to exi/ 9   
su* v>ieties ( degree1 t _! mo/ limit$  
manife/ation %all1 9 opposition to _!   
mo/ abundant1 act z a foil or contr>y1 j
 z we conceive ( cold z contr>y to heat1
 ?\gh ! mo/ extreme cold we c produce or
 conceive is n inconsi/5t ) an unkn[n   
am\nt ( heat 9 ! body4   ,sec4 #ab4 ,h[ 
di/+ui%able f false ta/e4  ,our purity (
 ta/e1 !re=e1 is be/ te/$ by its        
univ]sality1 = if we c only admire ?is  
?+ or t1 we may be sure t our cause =   
lik+ is ( a f9ite & false nature4 ,b if 
we c p]ceive beauty 9 ev]y?+ ( ,god's   
do+1 we may argue t we h rea*$ ! true   
p]ception ( its univ]sal laws4 ,h5ce1   
false ta/e may be kn[n by its           

fa/idi\sness1 by its dem&s ( pomp1      
spl5dor1 & unusual comb9ation1 by its   
enjoym5t only ( p>ticul> /yles & modes (
 ?+s1 & by its pride also1 = x is =ev]  
m$dl+1 m5d+1 accumulat+1 & self-exult+1 
its eye is always ^u itself1 & x te/s   
all ?+s ar\nd x by ! way !y fit x4 ,b   
true ta/e is =ev] gr[+1 le>n+1 read+1   
wor%ipp+1 lay+ its h& ^u its m\? because
 x is a/oni%$1 ca/+ its %oes f (f its   
feet because x f9ds all gr\nd holy1     
lam5t+ ov] itself & te/+ itself by ! way
 t x fits ?+s4 ,& x f9ds :]e( to fe$1 & 
:]eby to gr[1 9 all ?+s1 & !re=e !      
compla9t s (t5 made by "y arti/s t !y h 
n )9 _! rea* mat]ials1 or subjects en\gh
 = _! fancy1 is utt]ly gr\ndless1 & !   
sign only ( _! own bl9dness &           
ineffici5cy2 = !re is t to be se5 9 e   
/reet & lane ( e city1 t to be felt &   
f\nd 9 e human he>t & c\nt5ance1 t to be
 lov$ 9 e road-side we$ & moss-gr[n     
wall1 :i* 9 ! h&s ( fai?ful m51 may     
convey emotions ( glory & sublimity     
cont9ual & exalt$4   ,sec4 #ac4 ,! dang]

 ( a _s ( *oice4  ,let !re=e ! "y arti/ 
bew>e ( ! _s ( *oice1#aj x is an insol5t
 _s at ! be/ & commonly a base & bl9d "o
 too1 *eck+ all progress & bla/+ all    
p[]1 enc\rag+ weaknesses1 pamp]+        
p>tialities1 & tea*+ u to look to       
accid5ts ( nature = ! help & ! joy :i*  
%\ld come f our own he>ts4 ,he draws    
no?+ well :o ?ir/s n to draw e?+2 :5 a  
good pa9t] %r9ks1 x is because he is    
humbl$1 n fa/idi\s1 :5 he /ops1 x is    
because he is surfeit$1 & n because he  
?9ks nature has giv5 him unk9dly food1  
or t he fe>s fam9e4#aa ,i h se5 a man ( 
true ta/e pause = a qu>t] ( an h\r to   
look at ! *annell+s t rec5t ra9 _h trac$
 9 a heap ( c9d]s4   ,sec4 #ad4 ,&      
crim9ality4  ,& "h is evid5t ano!r      
reason ( t duty :i* we owe respect+     
impressions ( sight1 namely1 to         
discipl9e ourselves to ! enjoym5t ( ^?  
:i* are et]nal 9 _! nature1 n only      
because ^! are ! mo/ acute1 b because !y
 are ! mo/ easily1 con/antly1 &         
unselfi%ly atta9able4 ,= _h x be5 orda9$

 by ! ,almighty t ! highe/ pleasures (  
sight %\ld be ^? ( mo/ difficult        
atta9m5t1 & t to arrive at !m x %\ld be 
necess>y to accumulate gild$ palaces t[]
 ov] t[]1 & pile artificial m\nta9s     
ar\nd ins9uat$ lakes1 !re w\ld h be5 a  
direct contradiction betwe5 ! unselfi%  
duties & inh]5t desires ( e individual4 
,b no su* contradiction exi/s 9 ! sy/em 
( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 :i*1 leav+ x op5 to
 u1 if we w1 z creatures 9 probation1 to
 abuse ?is s5se l e o!r1 & pamp] x )    
selfi% & ?\ghtless vanities z we pamp] !
 palate ) deadly meats1 until ! appetite
 ( ta/eful cruelty is lo/ 9 its sick5$  
satiety1 incapable ( pleasure unless1   
,caligula l1 x conc5trate ! labor ( a   
million ( lives into ! s5sation ( an    
h\r1 leaves x also op5 to u1 by humble &
 lov+ ways1 to make ourselves           
susceptible ( deep delight f ! meane/   
objects ( creation1 & ( a delight :i*   
%all n sep>ate u f our fell[s1 nor      
require ! sacrifice ( any duty or       
occupation1 b :i* %all b9d u clos] to m5

 & to ,god1 & be ) u always1 h>moniz$ ) 
e action1 consi/5t ) e claim1 un*ang+ & 
et]nal4   ,sec4 #ae4 ,h[ c]ta9          
conclusions respect+ beauty are by      
reason         demon/rable4  ,see+ !n t 
^! qualities ( mat]ial objects :i* are  
calculat$ to give u ?is univ]sal        
pleasure1 are demon/rably con/ant 9 _!  
address to human nature1 !y mu/ belong 9
 "s measure to :atev] has be5 e/eem$    
beautiful ?r\gh\t successive ages ( ! _w
 7& !y are also by _! def9ition common  
to all ! works ( ,god74 ,!re=e x is     
evid5t t x mu/ be possible to reason !m 
out1 z well z to feel !m out2 possible  
to dive/ e object ( t :i* makes x       
accid5tally or tempor>ily pleasant1 & to
 /rip x b>e ( di/9ctive qualities1 until
 we arrive at ^? :i* x has 9 common )   
all o!r beautiful ?+s1 :i* we may !n    
safely affirm to be ! cause ( its       
ultimate & true delightfulness4   ,sec4 
#af4 ,) :at liabilities to error4  ,n[  
?is process ( reason+ w be t :i* ,i %all
 endeavor to employ 9 ! succe$+         

inve/igations1 a process p]fectly safe1 
s long z we are q sure t we are reason+ 
conc]n+ objects :i* produce 9 u "o & !  
same s5sation1 b n safe if ! s5sation   
produc$ be ( a diff]5t nature1 ?\gh x   
may be equally agreeable2 = :at produces
 a diff]5t s5sation mu/ be a diff]5t    
cause4 ,& ! difficulty ( reason+        
respect+ beauty arises *iefly f !       
ambiguity ( ! ^w1 :i* /&s 9 diff]5t p's 
m9ds = totally diff]5t s5sations1 = :i* 
!re c be no common cause4  ,:51 =       
in/ance1 ,mr4 ,alison endeavors to      
support 8 position t no man is s5sible  
to beauty 9 ^? objects ) reg>d to :i* he
 has n previ\s ideas1 by ! rem>k t !    
beauty ( a !ory1 or ( a relic (         
antiquity1 is un9telligible to a        
peasant1 we see at once t x is hopeless 
to argue ) a man :o1 "u 8 g5]al t]m     
beauty1 may1 = any?+ we "k1 be sometimes
 speak+ ( ma!matical demon/rability &   
sometimes ( hi/orical int]e/2 :ile ev5  
if we c\ld succe$ 9 limit+ ! t]m to !   
s5se ( ext]nal attractiv5ess1 !re w\ld  

be /ill room = _m phases ( error2 = ?\gh
 ! beauty ( a sn[y m\nta9 & ( a human   
*eek or =ehead1 s f> z bo? are consid]$ 
z m]e matt]1 is ! same1 & traceable to  
c]ta9 qualities ( color & l9e1 common to
 bo?1 & by reason extricable1 yet ! flu%
 ( ! *eek & m\ld+ ( ! br[1 z !y express 
mode/y1 affection1 or intellect1 possess
 s\rces ( agreeabl5ess :i* are n common 
to ! sn[y m\nta91 & ! int]f]5ce ( ^:    
influ5ce we mu/ be cauti\s to prev5t 9  
our exam9ation ( ^? :i* are mat]ial &   
univ]sal4#ab   ,sec4 #ag4 ,! t]m beauty 
h[ limitable 9 ! outset4 ,divid$ into   
typical & vital4  ,! fir/ ?+1 !n1 t we h
 to d1 is accurately to discrim9ate &   
def9e ^? appe>ances f :i* we are ab\t to
 reason z belong+ to beauty1 prop]ly s  
call$1 & to cle> ! gr\nd ( all ! confus$
 ideas & errone\s !ories ) :i* !        
misappreh5sion or metaphorical use ( !  
t]m has encumb]$ x4  ,by ! t]m beauty1  
!n1 prop]ly are signifi$ two ?+s4 ,fir/1
 t ext]nal quality ( bodies already s   
(t5 spok5 (1 & :i*1 :e!r x occur 9 a    

/one1 fl[]1 bea/1 or 9 man1 is          
absolutely id5tical1 :i*1 z ,i h already
 ass]t$1 may be %[n to be 9 "s sort     
typical ( ! ,div9e attributes1 & :i*1   
!re=e1 ,i %all1 = di/9ction's sake1 call
 typical beauty2 &1 second>ily1 !       
appe>ance ( felicit\s fulfilm5t (       
function 9 liv+ ?+s1 m especially ( !   
joyful & "r ex]tion ( p]fect life 9 man4
 ,& ?is k9d ( beauty ,i %all call vital 
beauty4  ,any application ( ! ^w        
beautiful to o!r appe>ances or qualities
 ?an ^!1 is ei!r false or metaphorical1 
z1 = in/ance1 to ! spl5dor ( a discov]y1
 ! fitness ( a proportion1 ! coh]5ce ( a
 *a9 ( reason+1 or ! p[] ( be/[+        
pleasure :i* objects receive f          
association1 a p[] confess$ly great1 &  
int]f]+1 z we %all pres5tly f9d1 9 a mo/
 emb>rass+ way ) ! attractiv5ess (      
inh]5t beauty4  ,b 9 ord] t ! m9d ( !   
read] may n be biass$ at ! outset by t  
:i* he may happ5 to h receiv$ ( curr5t  
!ories respect+ beauty1 f\nd$ on ! above
 metaphorical uses ( ! ^w1 7!ories :i*  

are less to be reprobat$ z acc\nt+      
falsely = ! s5sations ( :i* !y treat1   
?an z confus+ two or m pleasurable      
s5sations toge!r17 ,i %all briefly      
glance at ! f\r errone\s positions mo/  
frequ5tly held ^u ?is subject1 be=e     
proce$+ to exam9e ^? typical & vital    
prop]ties ( ?+s1 to :i* ,i conceive t   
all our orig9al conceptions ( beauty may
 be trac$4   ,,footnotes     #aj        
,no?+ comes amiss1--                ,a  
good dige/ion turne? all to heal?4--,g4 
,,h]b]t4    #aa ,yet note ! diff]5ce    
betwe5 ! *oice t comes ( pride1     & ! 
*oice t comes ( love1 & comp>e ,*ap4 xv4
 ,sec4 #f4    #ab ,comp>e ,sp5s]4 7,hymn
 to ,beauty47                 ,b ah1    
believe me1 !re is m ?an s1             
,t works su* wond]s 9 ! m9ds ( m54      
,,*apt] ,,iv4              ,,( ,,false  
,,op9ions ,,held ,,conc]n+ ,,beauty4    
,sec4 #a4 ,( ! false op9ion t tru? is   
beauty1 & vice v]sa4  ,i purpose at     
pres5t to speak only ( f\r ( ! m curr5t 
op9ions respect+ beauty1 = ( ! errors   

connect$ ) ! pleasurabl5ess (           
proportion1 & ( ! expression ( "r feel+s
 9 ! c\nt5ance1 ,i %all h opportunity to
 treat 9 ! succe$+ *apt]s2 7comp>e ,*4  
,,vi4 ,*4 ,,xvi47  ,^? err+ or          
inconsi/5t positions :i* ,i w\ld at once
 dismiss are1 ! fir/1 t ! beautiful is !
 true1 ! second1 t ! beautiful is !     
useful1 ! ?ird1 t x is dep5d5t on cu/om1
 & ! f\r?1 t x is dep5d5t on !          
association ( ideas4  ,to ass]t t !     
beautiful is ! true1 appe>s1 at fir/1 l 
ass]t+ t propositions are matt]1 & matt]
 propositions4 ,b giv+ ! be/ & mo/      
rational int]pretation we c1 & suppos+ !
 hold]s ( ?is /range position to mean   
only t ?+s are beautiful :i* appe> :at  
!y inde$ are1 & ugly :i* appe> :at !y   
are n1 we f9d !m in/antly contradict$ by
 ea* & e conclusion ( exp]i5ce4 ,a /one 
looks z truly a /one z a rose looks a   
rose1 & yet is n s beautiful2 a cl\d may
 look m l a ca/le ?an a cl\d1 & be ! m  
beautiful on t acc\nt4 ,! mirage ( !    
des]t is fair] ?an its s&s2 ! false     

image ( ! "u heav5 fair] ?an ! sea4 ,i  
am at a loss to "k h[ any s unt5able a  
position c\ld ev] h be5 advanc$2 b x    
may1 p]haps1 h aris5 f "s confusion ( ! 
beauty ( art ) ! beauty ( nature1 & f an
 illogical expansion ( ! v c]ta9 tru?1 t
 no?+ is beautiful 9 art1 :i*1 pr(ess+  
to be an imitation1 or a /atem5t1 is n z
 su* 9 "s sort true4   ,sec4 #b4 ,( !   
false op9ion t beauty is usefulness4    
,comp>e ,*ap4 xii4        ,sec4 #e4  ,t 
! beautiful is ! useful1 is an ass]tion 
evid5tly bas$ on t limit$ & false s5se (
 ! latt] t]m :i* ,i h already deprecat$4
 ,z x is ! mo/ degrad+ & dang]\s        
supposition :i* c be advanc$ on !       
subject1 s1 =tunately1 x is ! mo/       
palpably absurd4 ,x is to conf\nd       
admiration ) hung]1 love ) lu/1 & life )
 s5sation2 x is to ass]t t ! human      
creature has no ideas & no feel+s1      
except ^? ultimately ref]able to its    
brutal appetites4 ,x has n a s+le fact  
nor appe>ance ( fact to support x1 &    
ne$s no combat+1 at lea/ until its      

advocates h obta9$ ! cons5t ( ! majority
 ( mank9d1 t ! mo/ beautiful productions
 ( nature are se$s & roots2 & ( art1    
spades & mill/ones4   ,sec4 #c4 ,( !    
false op9ion t beauty results f cu/om4  
,comp>e ,*ap4        vi4 ,sec4 #a4      
,some:at m rational gr\nds appe> = !    
ass]tion t ! s5se ( ! beautiful arises f
 famili>ity ) ! object1 ?\gh ev5 ?is    
c\ld n long be ma9ta9$ by a ?9k+ p]son4 
,= all t c be alleg$ 9 def5ce ( su* a   
supposition is1 t famili>ity deprives "s
 objects :i* at fir/ appe>$ ugly1 ( mu* 
( _! repulsiv5ess1 :5ce x is z rational 
to conclude t famili>ity is ! cause (   
beauty1 z x w\ld be to argue t because x
 is possible to acquire a ta/e = olives1
 !re=e cu/om is ! cause ( lusci\sness 9 
grapes4 ,nev]!less1 !re are "s ph5om5a  
result+ f ! t5d5cy ( our nature to be   
influ5c$ by habit ( :i* x may be well to
 obs]ve ! limits4   ,sec4 #d4 ,! tw(old 
op]ation ( cu/om4 ,x dead5s s5sation1 b 
confirms        affection4  ,sec4 #e4 ,b
 nev] ei!r creates or de/roys ! ess5ce (

 beauty4  ,cu/om has a tw(old op]ation3 
! "o to dead5 ! frequ5cy & =ce ( repeat$
 impressions1 ! o!r to ende> ! famili>  
object to ! affections4 ,commonly1 :]e !
 m9d is vigor\s1 & ! p[] ( s5sation v   
p]fect1 x has r ! la/ op]ation ?an !    
fir/2 ) mean] m9ds1 ! fir/ takes place 9
 ! high] degree1 s t !y are commonly    
*>act]iz$ by a desire ( excitem5t1 & !  
want ( ! lov+1 fix$1 !oretic p[]4 ,b bo?
 take place 9 "s degree ) all m51 s t z 
life advances1 impressions ( all k9ds   
become less raptur\s ow+ to _!          
repetition4 ,x is h[ev] b5efic5tly      
orda9$ t repulsiv5ess %all be dim9i%$ by
 cu/om 9 a f> great] degree ?an !       
s5sation ( beauty1 s t ! anatomi/ 9 a   
little "t loses all s5se ( horror 9 !   
torn fle%1 & c>\s bone1 :ile ! sculptor 
ceases n to feel to ! close ( 8 life1 ! 
delici\sness ( e l9e ( ! outw>d frame4  
,s !n z 9 t ) :i* we are made famili>1 !
 repulsiv5ess is con/antly dim9i%+1 &   
su* claims z x may be able to put =? on 
! affections are daily becom+ /rong]1   

:ile 9 :at is submitt$ to u ( new or    
/range1 t :i* may be repulsive is felt 9
 its full =ce1 :ile no hold is z yet    
laid on ! affections1 !re is a v /rong  
pref]5ce induc$ 9 mo/ m9ds = t to :i* !y
 are n accu/om$ ov] t !y "k n1 & ?is is 
/ronge/ 9 ^? :i* are lea/ op5 to        
s5sations ( positive beauty4 ,b h[ev] f>
 ?is op]ation may be c>ri$1 its utmo/   
effect is b ! dead5+ & approximat+ !    
s5sations ( beauty & ugl9ess4 ,x nev]   
mixes nor crosses1 nor 9 any way alt]s  
!m2 x has n ! slighte/ connection ) nor 
p[] ov] _! nature4 ,by ta/+ two w9es    
alt]nately1 we may dead5 our p]ception (
 _! flavor2 nay1 we may ev5 d m ?an c   
ev] be done 9 ! case ( sight1 we may    
conf\nd ! two flavors toge!r4 ,b x w    
h>dly be argu$ !re=e t cu/om is ! cause 
( ei!r flavor4 ,& s1 ?\gh by habit we   
may dead5 ! effect ( ugl9ess or beauty1 
x is n = t reason to be affirm$ t habit 
is ! cause ( ei!r s5sation4 ,we may keep
 a skull beside u z long z we please1 we
 may ov]come its repulsiv5ess1 we may   

r5d] ourselves capable ( p]ceiv+ _m     
qualities ( beauty ab\t its l9es1 we may
 contemplate x = ye>s toge!r if we w1 x 
& no?+ else1 b we %all n get ourselves  
to ?9k z well ( x z ( a *ild's fair     
face4   ,sec4 #f4 ,in/ances4  ,x w\ld be
 easy to pursue ! subject f>!r1 b ,i    
believe t e ?\ghtful read] w be p]fectly
 well able to supply f>!r illu/rations1 
& sweep away ! s&y f\ndations ( !       
opposite !ory1 unassi/$4 ,let x1 h[ev]1 
be obs]v$1 t 9 spite ( all cu/om1 an    
,engli%man in/antly ackn[l$ges1 & at    
fir/ sight1 ! sup]iority ( ! turban to !
 hat1 or ( ! plaid to ! coat1 t :atev] !
 dictates ( imm$iate fa%ion may compel1 
! sup]ior gracefulness ( ! ,greek or    
middle age co/umes is inv>iably felt1 & 
t1 respect+ :at has be5 ass]t$ ( negro  
nations look+ ) disgu/ on ! :ite face1  
no importance :atev] is to be atta*$ to 
! op9ions ( races :o h nev] receiv$ any 
ideas ( beauty :atsoev]1 7^! ideas be+  
only receiv$ by m9ds "u "s c]ta9 degree 
( cultivation17 & ^: disgu/ arises      

naturally f :at !y may suppose to be a  
sign ( weakness or ill heal?4 ,x w\ld be
 futile to proce$ into f>!r detail4 ,i  
pass to ! la/ & mo/ weighty !ory1 t !   
agreeabl5ess 9 objects :i* we call      
beauty is ! result ( ! association ) !m 
( agreeable or int]e/+ ideas4   ,sec4   
#g4 ,( ! false op9ion t beauty dep5ds on
 ! association (        ideas4  ,frequ5t
 has be5 ! support1 & wide ! acceptance 
( ?is supposition1 & yet ,i suppose t no
 two consecutive s5t5ces 7 ev] writt5 9 
def5ce ( x1 )\t involv+ ei!r a          
contradiction or a confusion ( t]ms4    
,?us ,alison1 ,!re are sc5es und\bt$ly m
 beautiful ?an ,runnym$e1 yet to ^? :o  
recollect ! great ev5t t pass$ !re1 !re 
is no sc5e p]haps :i* s /rongly seizes  
on ! imag9ation4 ,"h we are wond]-/ruck 
at ! audaci\s obtus5ess :i* w\ld prove !
 p[] ( imag9ation by its ov]com+ t v o!r
 p[] 7( inh]5t beauty7 ^: exi/5ce !     
argu] d5ies4 ,= ! only logical          
conclusion :i* c possibly be drawn f !  
above s5t5ce is1 t imag9ation is n !    

s\rce ( beauty1 = al?\gh no sc5e seizes 
s /rongly on ! imag9ation1 yet !re are  
sc5es m beautiful ?an ,runnym$e4 ,& ?\gh
 in/ances ( self-contradiction z laconic
 & complete z ?is are to be f\nd 9 few  
writ]s except ,alison1 yet if ! argum5ts
 on ! subject be fairly sift$ f ! mass (
 confus$ language ) :i* !y are always   
encumb]$ & plac$ 9 logical =m1 !y w be  
f\nd inv>iably to involve "o ( ^! two   
syllogisms1 ei!r1 association gives     
pleasure1 & beauty gives pleasure1 !re=e
 association is beauty4 ,or1 ! p[] (    
association is /rong] ?an ! p[] (       
beauty1 !re=e ! p[] ( association is !  
p[] ( beauty4   ,sec4 #h4 ,association4 
,is1 #a/1 rational4 ,x is ( no effici5cy
 z a cause        ( beauty4  ,nev]!less 
x is necess>y = u to obs]ve ! real value
 & au?ority ( association 9 ! moral     
sy/em1 & h[ ideas ( actual beauty may be
 affect$ by x1 o!rwise we %all be liable
 to emb>rassm5t ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( !      
succe$+ argum5t4  ,association is ( two 
k9ds4 ,rational & accid5tal4 ,by        

rational association ,i und]/& ! int]e/ 
:i* any object may be> hi/orically z    
hav+ be5 9 "s way connect$ ) ! affairs  
or affections ( m52 an int]e/ %>$ 9 !   
m9ds ( all :o are aw>e ( su* connection3
 :i* to call beauty is m]e & gross      
confusion ( t]ms1 x is no !ory to be    
confut$1 b a misuse ( language to be set
 aside1 a misuse involv+ ! positions t 9
 un9habit$ c\ntries ! vegetation has no 
grace1 ! rock no dignity1 ! cl\d no     
color1 & t ! sn[y summits ( ! ,alps     
receive no lovel9ess f ! sunset light1  
because !y h n be5 pollut$ by ! wra?1   
ravage1 & mis]y ( m54   ,sec4 #i4       
,association accid5tal4 ,! ext5t ( its  
influ5ce4  ,by accid5tal association1 ,i
 und]/& ! accid5tal connection ( ideas &
 memories ) mat]ial ?+s1 ow+ to :i* ^?  
mat]ial ?+s are reg>d$ z agreeable or   
o!rwise1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! feel+s 
or recollections !y summon2 !           
association be+ commonly involunt>y &   
(t5times s vague z t no di/9ct image is 
sugge/$ by ! object1 b we feel a        

pa9fulness 9 x or pleasure f x1 )\t kn[+
 :]e=e4 ,( ?is op]ation ( ! m9d 7:i* is 
t ( :i* ,i spoke z caus+ inextricable   
emb>rassm5ts on ! subject ( beauty7 !   
exp]i5ce is con/ant1 s t its m en]getic 
manife/ations require no illu/ration4 ,b
 ,i d n ?9k t ! m9or degrees & %ades (  
?is great influ5ce h be5 suffici5tly    
appreciat$4 ,n only all vivid emotions &
 all circum/ances ( excit+ int]e/ leave 
_! light & %ad[ on ! s5seless ?+s &     
in/rum5ts among :i* or ?r\gh ^: ag5cy !y
 h be5 felt or le>n$1 b ,i believe t !  
eye _c re/ on a mat]ial =m1 9 a mom5t ( 
depression or exultation1 )\t           
communicat+ to t =m a _s & a life1 a    
life :i* w make x aft]w>ds 9 "s degree  
lov$ or fe>$1 a *>m or a pa9fulness =   
:i* we %all be unable to acc\nt ev5 to  
ourselves1 :i* w n inde$ be p]ceptible1 
except by its delicate influ5ce on our  
judgm5t 9 cases ( complicat$ beauty4    
,let ! eye b re/ on a r\gh piece ( bran*
 ( curi\s =m dur+ a conv]sation ) a     
fri5d1 re/1 h[ev]1 unconsci\sly1 & ?\gh 

! conv]sation be =gott51 ?\gh e         
circum/ance connect$ ) x be z utt]ly lo/
 to ! memory z ?\gh x _h n be51 yet !   
eye w1 ?r\gh ! :ole life aft]1 take a   
c]ta9 pleasure 9 su* b\ghs :i* x _h n   
be=e1 a pleasure s slight1 a trace (    
feel+ s delicate z to leave u utt]ly    
unconsci\s ( its peculi> p[]1 b         
unde/royable by any reason+1 a "p1      
!nce=w>d1 ( our con/itution1 de/royable 
only by ! same arbitr>y process (       
association by :i* x 0 creat$4 ,reason  
has no effect ^u x :atsoev]4 ,& !re is  
probably no "o op9ion :i* is =m$ by any 
( u1 9 matt]s ( ta/e1 :i* is n 9 "s     
degree influ5c$ by unconsci\s           
association ( ?is k9d4 ,9 _m :o h no    
def9ite rules ( judgm5t1 pref]5ce is    
decid$ by little else1 & ?us1           
un=tunately1 its op]ations are mi/ak5 =1
 or r sub/itut$ =1 ^? ( inh]5t beauty1 &
 its real position & value 9 ! moral    
sy/em is 9 a great measure ov]look$4    
,sec4 #aj4 ,! dignity ( its function4   
,= ,i believe t m]e pleasure & pa9 h    

less associative p[] ?an duty p]=m$ or  
omitt$1 & t ! great use ( ! associative 
faculty is n to add beauty to mat]ial   
?+s1 b to add =ce to ! consci5ce4 ,b =  
?is ext]nal & all-p[]ful witness1 !     
voice ( ! inw>d guide might be lo/ 9 ea*
 p>ticul> in/ance1 almo/ z soon z       
disobey$2 ! e*o ( x 9 aft] "t1 :]eby1   
?\gh p]haps feeble z w>n+1 x becomes    
p[]ful z puni%m5t1 might be sil5c$1 & ! 
/r5g? ( ! protection pass away 9 !      
lightness ( ! la%4 ,!re=e x has receiv$ 
! p[] ( enli/+ ext]nal & unmean+ ?+s 9  
its aid1 & transmitt+ to all t is       
indiff]5t1 its own au?ority to reprove  
or rew>d1 s t1 z we travel ! way ( life1
 we h ! *oice1 accord+ to our work+1 (  
turn+ all ! voices ( nature into "o song
 ( rejoic+1 & all h] lifeless creatures 
into a glad company1 :]e( ! meane/ %all 
be beautiful 9 our eyes1 by its k9d     
message1 or ( )]+ & qu5*+ h] sympa?y    
into a fe>ful1 )drawn1 sil5ce (         
condemnation1 or into a cry+ out ( h]   
/ones1 & a %ak+ ( h] du/ aga9/ u4 ,nor  

is x any m>vel t ! !oretic faculty %\ld 
be ov]p[]$ by ?is mom5t\s op]ation1 & ! 
indiff]5t appeals & inh]5t glories (    
ext]nal ?+s 9 ! end ov]look$1 :5 !      
p]fection ( ,god's works is felt only z 
! sweetness ( 8 promises1 & _!          
admirabl5ess only z ! ?reat5+s ( 8 p[]4 
,sec4 #aa4 ,h[ x is connect$ )          
impressions ( beauty4  ,b x is evid5t t 
! full ex]cise ( ?is noble function ( ! 
associative faculty is inconsi/5t )     
absolute & incontrov]tible conclusions  
on subjects ( !oretic pref]5ce4 ,= x is 
q impossible = any individual to di/+ui%
 9 himself ! unconsci\s und]work+ (     
indef9ite association1 peculi> to him   
individually1 f ^? great laws ( *oice "u
 :i* he is compreh5d$ ) all 8 race4 ,& x
 is well = u t x is s1 ! h>mony ( ,god's
 good "w is n 9 u int]rupt$ by ?is m+l+ 
( univ]sal & peculi> pr9ciples2 = by ^! 
su* diff]5ce is secur$ 9 ! feel+s z %all
 make fell[%ip itself m delightful1 by  
its int]-communicate "*1 & su* v>iety ( 
feel+ also 9 ea* ( u sep>ately z %all   

make u capable ( enjoy+ sc5es ( diff]5t 
k9ds & ord]s1 in/ead ( morbidly seek+ = 
"s p]fect epitome ( ! beautiful 9 "o2 & 
also t dead5+ by cu/om ( !oretic        
impressions to :i* ,i h above allud$1 is
 c\nt]balanc$ by ! pleasantness (       
acquir$ association2 & ! loss ( ! int5se
 feel+ ( ! y\?1 :i* _h no ne$ ( a remot]
 *>m1 by ?\ght suppli$1 or any int]e/1  
unborr[$ f ! eye1 is replac$ by !       
gladness ( consci5ce1 & ! vigor ( !     
reflect+ & imag9ative faculties1 z !y   
take _! wide & ag$ grasp ( ! great      
relations betwe5 ! e>? & its dead p4    
,sec4 #ab4 ,& :at caution x r5d]s       
necess>y 9 ! exam9ation ( !m4  ,9       
proportion !re=e to ! value1 con/ancy1 &
 effici5cy ( ?is influ5ce1 we mu/ be    
mode/ & cauti\s 9 ! pron\nc+ ( positive 
op9ions on ! subject ( beauty4 ,= e "o (
 u has peculi> s\rces ( enjoym5t        
necess>ily op5$ to him 9 c]ta9 sc5es &  
?+s1 s\rces :i* are seal$ to o!rs1 & we 
mu/ be w>y on ! "o h&1 ( conf\nd+ ^! 9  
ourselves ) ultimate conclusions ( ta/e1

 & s =c+ !m ^u all z au?oritative1 & on 
! o!r ( suppos+ t ! enjoym5ts ( o!rs :i*
 we _c %>e are %all[ or unw>rantable1   
because incommunicable4 ,i fe>1 =       
in/ance1 t 9 ! =m] portion ( ?is "w ,i  
may h attribut$ too mu* community &     
au?ority to c]ta9 affections ( my own = 
sc5]y induc+ emotions ( wild1 impetu\s1 
& en?usia/ic *>act]s1 & too little to ^?
 :i* ,i p]ceive 9 o!rs = ?+s peaceful1  
humble1 m$itative1 & solemn4 ,s also    
betwe5 y\? & age !re w be f\nd diff]5ces
 ( seek+1 :i* are n wrong1 nor ( false  
*oice 9 ei!r1 b ( diff]5t temp]am5t1 !  
y\? sympa?iz+ m ) ! gladness1 fulness1 &
 magnific5ce ( ?+s1 & ! gray hairs ) _! 
completion1 suffici5cy & repose4 ,& s1  
nei!r condemn+ ! delights ( o!rs1 nor   
altoge!r di/ru/ful ( our own1 we mu/    
advance1 z we live on1 f :at is         
brilliant to :at is pure1 & f :at is    
promis$ to :at is fulfill$1 & f :at is  
our /r5g? to :at is our cr[n1 only      
obs]v+ 9 all ?+s h[ t :i* is inde$      
wrong1 & to be cut up f ! root1 is      

dislike1 & n affection4 ,= by ! v nature
 ( ^! beautiful qualities1 :i* ,i h     
def9$ to be ! signature ( ,god ^u 8     
works1 x is evid5t t 9 :atev] we        
altoge!r dislike1 we see n all2 t !     
ke5ness ( our vision is to be te/$ by ! 
expansiv5ess ( our love1 & t z f> z !   
influ5ce ( association has voice 9 ! "q1
 ?\gh x is inde$ possible t ! inevitable
 pa9fulness ( an object1 = :i* we c r5d]
 no suffici5t reason1 may be ow+ to its 
recall+ ( a sorr[1 x is m probably      
dep5d5t on its accusation ( a crime4    
,,*apt] ,v4       ,,( ,,typical         
,,beauty3--,,fir/1 ,,( ,,inf9ity1 ,,or  
,,! ,,type ,,( ,,div9e                  
,,incompreh5sibility4   ,sec4 #a4       
,impossibility ( adequately treat+ !    
subject4  ,! subject be+ n[ 9 "s measure
 cle>$ ( emb>rassm5t1 let u briefly     
di/+ui% ^? qualities or types on ^:     
comb9ation is dep5d5t ! p[] ( m]e       
mat]ial lovel9ess4 ,i pret5d nei!r to   
enum]ate nor p]ceive !m all1 = x may be 
g5]ally obs]v$ t :atev] good !re may be1

 desirable by man1 m especially good    
belong+ to 8 moral nature1 !re w be a   
correspond+ agreeabl5ess 9 :atev]       
ext]nal object rem9ds him ( su* good1   
:e!r x rem9d him by arbitr>y association
 or by typical resemblance1 & t !       
inf9ite ways1 :e!r by reason or exp]i5ce
 discov]able1 by :i* matt] 9 "s sort may
 rem9d u ( moral p]fections1 are h>dly  
)9 any reasonable limits to be expla9$1 
if ev5 by any s+le m9d !y might all be  
trac$4 ,yet c]ta9 palpable & p[]ful     
modes !re are1 by obs]v+ :i*1 we may    
come at su* g5]al conclusions on !      
subject z may be practically useful1 & m
 ?an ^! ,i %all n attempt to obta94     
,sec4 #b4 ,) :at simplicity ( feel+ to  
be approa*$4  ,& fir/1 ,i w\ld ask ( !  
read] to ent] ^u ! subject ) me1 z f> z 
may be1 z a little *ild1 ridd+ himself (
 all conv5tional & au?oritative ?\ghts1 
& especially ( su* associations z arise 
f 8 respect = ,pagan art1 or :i* are 9  
any way traceable to classical read+s4  
,i recollect t ,mr4 ,alison traces 8    

fir/ p]ceptions ( beauty 9 ext]nal      
nature to ?is mo/ corrupt s\rce1 ?us    
betray+ s total & s+ul> a want ( natural
 s5sibility z may well excuse !         
defici5cies ( 8 foll[+ argum5ts4 ,= !re 
0 nev] yet ! *ild ( any promise 7s f> z 
! !oretic faculties are conc]n$7 b awak$
 to ! s5se ( beauty ) ! fir/ gleam (    
reason2 & ,i suppose !re are few1 among 
^? :o love nature o!rwise ?an by        
pr(ession & at second-h&1 :o look n back
 to _! y\nge/ & lea/-le>n$ days z ^? ( !
 mo/ int5se1 sup]/iti\s1 insatiable1 &  
beatific p]ception ( h] spl5dors4 ,& !  
bitt] decl9e ( ?is glori\s feel+1 ?\gh  
_m note x n1 p>tly ow+ to ! c>es &      
weight ( manhood1 :i* leave !m n ! "t   
nor ! lib]ty to look = _! lo/ treasure1 
& p>tly to ! human & div9e affections   
:i* are appo9t$ to take its place1 yet  
has =m$ ! subject n inde$ ( lam5tation1 
b ( holy ?ankfulness = ! witness x be>s 
to ! immortal orig9 & end ( our nature1 
to "o ^: au?ority is almo/ )\t appeal 9 
all que/ions relat+ to ! influ5ce (     

ext]nal ?+s ^u ! pure human s\l4        
,heav5 lies ab\t u 9 our infancy1--     
,%ades ( ! prison-h\se beg9 to close    
,^u ! gr[+ boy4                ,b he    
beholds ! light1 & :5ce x fl[s          
,he sees x 9 8 joy4                ,!   
y\?1 :o daily f>!r f ! ea/              
,mu/ travel1 /ill is nature's prie/1    
,& by ! vision spl5did                  
,is on 8 way att5d$4                ,at 
l5g? ! ,man p]ceives x die away         
,& fade into ! light ( common day4  ,&  
if x 7 possible = u to recollect all !  
unacc\ntable & happy in/9cts ( ! c>eless
 "t1 & to reason ^u !m ) ! matur]       
judgm5t1 we might arrive at m rapid & "r
 results ?an ei!r ! philosophy or !     
sophi/icat$ practice ( art h yet atta9$4
 ,b we lose ! p]ceptions be=e we are    
capable ( me?odiz+ or comp>+ !m4   ,sec4
 #c4 ,! *ild in/9ct respect+ space4     
,sec4 #d4 ,cont9u$ 9 aft] life4  ,"o1   
h[ev]1 ( ^! *ild in/9cts1 ,i believe t  
few =get2 ! emotion1 namely1 caus$ by   
all op5 gr\nd1 or l9es ( any spaci\s k9d

 aga9/ ! sky1 beh9d :i* !re might be    
conceiv$ ! sea4 ,x is an emotion m pure 
?an t caus$ by ! sea itself1 = ,i       
recollect di/9ctly runn+ d[n beh9d !    
banks ( a high bea* to get _! l& l9e    
cutt+ aga9/ ! sky1 & receiv+ a m /range 
delight f ?is ?an f ! sight ( ! ocean3  
,i am n sure t ?is feel+ is common to   
all *ildr51 7or w\ld be common if !y 7  
all 9 circum/ances admitt+ x71 b ,i h   
asc]ta9$ x to be frequ5t among ^? :o    
possess ! mo/ vivid s5sibilities =      
nature2 & ,i am c]ta9 t ! modification (
 x1 :i* belongs to our aft] ye>s1 is    
common to all1 ! love1 namely1 ( a light
 di/ance appe>+ ov] a comp>atively d>k  
horizon4 ,?is ,i h te/$ too frequ5tly to
 be mi/ak51 by (f]+ to indiff]5t        
spectators =ms ( equal ab/ract beauty 9 
half t9t1 reliev$1 ! "o aga9/ d>k sky1 !
 o!r aga9/ a bright di/ance4 ,! pref]5ce
 is inv>iably giv5 to ! latt]1 & x is v 
c]ta9 t ?is pref]5ce arises n f any     
supposition ( !re be+ great] tru? 9 ?is 
?an ! o!r1 = ! same pref]5ce is         

unhesitat+ly accord$ to ! same effect 9 
nature h]self4 ,:atev] beauty !re may   
result f effects ( light on =egr\nd     
objects1 f ! dew ( ! grass1 ! fla% ( !  
cascade1 ! glitt] ( ! bir* trunk1 or !  
fair daylight hues ( d>k] ?+s1 7&       
joyfulness !re is 9 all ( !m71 !re is   
yet a light :i* ! eye inv>iably seeks ) 
a deep] feel+ ( ! beautiful1 ! light ( !
 decl9+ or break+ day1 & ! flakes (     
sc>let cl\d burn+ l wat*-fires 9 ! gre5 
sky ( ! horizon2 a deep] feel+1 ,i say1 
n p]haps m acute1 b hav+ m ( spiritual  
hope & long+1 less ( animal & pres5t    
life1 m manife/1 inv>iably1 9 ^? ( m    
s]i\s & det]m9$ m9d1 7,i use ! ^w s]i\s1
 n z be+ oppos$ to *e]ful1 b to trivial 
& volatile27 b1 ,i ?9k1 m>k$ & unfail+  
ev5 9 ^? ( ! lea/ ?\ghtful dispositions4
 ,i am will+ to let x re/ on !          
det]m9ation ( e read]1 :e!r ! pleasure  
:i* he has receiv$ f ^! effects ( calm &
 lum9\s di/ance be n ! mo/ s+ul> &      
memorable ( :i* he has be5 consci\s1    
:e!r all t is dazzl+ 9 color1 p]fect 9  

=m1 gladd5+ 9 expression1 be n (        
evanesc5t & %all[ appeal+1 :5 comp>$ ) !
 /ill small voice ( ! level twilight    
beh9d purple hills1 or ! sc>let ar* (   
dawn ov] ! d>k1 tr\bl\s-edg$ sea4       
,sec4 #e4 ,:]eto ?is in/9ct is          
traceable4  ,let u try to discov] t :i* 
effects ( ?is k9d possess or sugge/1    
peculi> to !mselves1 & :i* o!r effects (
 light & color possess n4 ,!re mu/ be   
some?+ 9 !m ( a peculi> "*1 & t1 :atev] 
x be1 mu/ be "o ( ! primal & mo/ e>ne/  
motives ( beauty to human s5sation4  ,d 
!y %[ f9] *>act]s ( =m ?an c be develop$
 by ! broad] daylight8 ,n s2 = _! p[] is
 almo/ indep5d5t ( ! =ms !y assume or   
display2 x matt]s little :e!r ! bright  
cl\ds be simple or manifold1 :e!r !     
m\nta9 l9e be subdu$ or maje/ic1 ! fair]
 =ms ( e>?ly ?+s are by !m subdu$ &     
disguis$1 ! r\nd & muscul> gr[? ( ! =e/ 
trunks is sunk into skeleton l9es (     
quiet %ade1 ! purple clefts ( !         
hill-side are labyr9!d 9 ! d>kness1 !   
orb$ spr+ & :irl+ wave ( ! torr5t h giv5

 place to a :ite1 gha/ly1 int]rupt$     
gleam+4 ,h !y m p]fection or fulness (  
color8 ,n s2 = _! effect is (t5times    
deep] :5 _! hues are dim1 ?an :5 !y are 
blazon$ ) crimson & pale gold2 &        
assur$ly1 9 ! blue ( ! ra9y sky1 9 ! _m 
t9ts ( morn+ fl[]s1 9 ! sunlight on     
summ] foliage & field1 !re are m s\rces 
( m]e s5sual color-pleasure ?an 9 ! s+le
 /reak ( wan & dy+ light4 ,x is n !n by 
nobl] =m1 x is n by positiv5ess ( hue1 x
 is n by int5sity ( light1 7= ! sun     
itself at noonday is effectless ^u !    
feel+s17 t ?is /range di/ant space      
possesses its attractive p[]4 ,b !re is 
"o ?+ t x has1 or sugge/s1 :i* no o!r   
object ( sight sugge/s 9 equal degree1 &
 t is1--,inf9ity4 ,x is ( all visible   
?+s ! lea/ mat]ial1 ! lea/ f9ite1 ! f>!/
 )drawn f ! e>? prison-h\se1 ! mo/      
typical ( ! nature ( ,god1 ! mo/        
sugge/ive ( ! glory ( 8 dwell+-place4 ,=
 ! sky ( night1 ?\gh we may "k x        
b\ndless1 is d>k1 x is a /udd$ vault1 a 
ro( t seems to %ut u 9 & d[n1 b ! bright

 di/ance has no limit1 we feel its      
inf9ity1 z we rejoice 9 its purity (    
light4   ,sec4 #f4 ,inf9ity h[ necess>y 
9 art4  ,n[ n only is ?is expression (  
inf9ity 9 di/ance mo/ preci\s :]ev] we  
f9d x1 h[ev] solit>y x may be1 & h[ev]  
unassi/$ by o!r =ms & k9ds ( beauty1 b x
 is ( t value t no su* o!r =ms w        
altoge!r recomp5se u = its loss2 & mu* z
 ,i dread ! enunciation ( any?+ t may   
seem l a conv5tional rule1 ,i h no      
hesitation 9 ass]t+1 t no "w ( any art1 
9 :i* ?is expression ( inf9ity is       
possible1 c be p]fect1 or supremely     
elevat$ )\t x1 & t 9 proportion to its  
pres5ce1 x w exalt & r5d] impressive ev5
 ! mo/ tame & trivial !mes4 ,& ,i ?9k if
 !re be any "o gr& division1 by :i* x is
 at all possible to set ! productions ( 
pa9t+1 s f> z _! m]e plan or sy/em is   
conc]n$1 on our "r & left h&s1 x is ?is 
( light & d>k backgr\nd1 ( heav5 light  
or ( object light4 ,= ,i "k n any truly 
great pa9t] ( any "t1 :o manife/s n !   
mo/ int5se pleasure 9 ! lum9\s space ( 8

 backgr\nds1 or :o ev] sacrifices ?is   
pleasure :]e ! nature ( 8 subject admits
 ( its atta9m5t1 z on ! o!r h& ,i "k n t
 ! habitual use ( d>k backgr\nds c be   
%[n z hav+ ev] be5 co-exi/5t ) pure or  
high feel+1 &1 except 9 ! case (        
,rembr&t1 7& !n "u peculi> circum/ances 
only17 ) any high p[] ( intellect4 ,x is
 h[ev] necess>y c>efully to obs]ve !    
foll[+ modifications ( ?is broad        
pr9ciple4   ,sec4 #g4 ,conditions ( its 
necessity4  ,! absolute necessity1 = su*
 inde$ ,i consid] x1 is ( no m ?an su* a
 m]e lum9\s di/ant po9t z may give to ! 
feel+s a species ( escape f all ! f9ite 
objects ab\t !m4 ,!re is a spectral et*+
 ( ,rembr&t1 a pres5tation ( ,*ri/ 9 !  
temple1 :]e ! figure ( a rob$ prie/ /&s 
gl>+ by its gems out ( ! gloom1 hold+ a 
crosi]4 ,beh9d x !re is a subdu$ w9d[   
light se5 9 ! op5+ betwe5 two columns1  
)\t :i* ! impressiv5ess ( ! :ole subject
 w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be incalculably br\ght   
d[n4 ,i _c tell :e!r ,i am at pres5t    
all[+ too mu* weight to my own fancies &

 pr$ilections1 b )\t s mu* escape into !
 out] air & op5 heav5 z ?is1 ,i c take  
p]man5t pleasure 9 no picture4   ,sec4  
#h4 ,& connect$ analogies4  ,& ,i ?9k ,i
 am support$ 9 ?is feel+ by ! unanim\s  
practice1 if n ! confess$ op9ion1 ( all 
arti/s4 ,! pa9t] ( portrait is unhappy  
)\t 8 conv5tional :ite /roke "u !       
sleeve1 or beside ! arm-*air2 ! pa9t] ( 
int]iors feels l a cag$ bird1 unless he 
c ?r[ a w9d[ op51 or set ! door aj>2 !  
l&scapi/ d>es n lose himself 9 =e/ )\t a
 gleam ( light "u its f>!/ bran*es1 nor 
v5tures out 9 ra91 unless he may some:]e
 pi]ce to a bett] promise 9 ! di/ance1  
or cl+ to "s clos+ gap ( v>iable blue   
above2--escape1 hope1 inf9ity1 by :atev]
 conv5tionalism s\ght1 ! desire is !    
same 9 all1 ! in/9ct con/ant1 x is no   
m]e po9t ( light t is want$ 9 ! et*+ (  
,rembr&t above in/anc$1 a gleam ( armor 
or fold ( temple curta9 w\ld h be5      
utt]ly valueless1 nei!r is x lib]ty1 =  
?\gh we cut d[n h$ges & level hills1 &  
give :at wa/e & pla9 we *oose1 on ! "r  

h& & ! left1 x is all com=tless &       
undesir$1 s long z we cleave n a way (  
escape =w>d2 & h[ev] n>r[ & ?orny &     
difficult ! ne>] pa?1 x matt]s n1 s only
 t ! cl\ds op5 = u at its close4 ,nei!r 
w any am\nt ( beauty 9 ne>] =m1 make u  
cont5t to /ay ) x1 s long z we are %ut  
d[n to t alone1 nor is any =m s cold or 
s hurtful b t we may look ^u x )        
k9dness1 s only t x rise aga9/ ! inf9ite
 hope ( light beyond4 ,! read] c foll[  
out ! analogies ( ?is unassi/$4   ,sec4 
#i4 ,h[ ! dignity ( treatm5t is         
proportion$ to ! expression (           
inf9ity4  ,b al?\gh ?is n>r[ portal (   
escape be all t is absolutely necess>y1 
,i ?9k t ! dignity ( ! pa9t+ increases )
 ! ext5t & am\nt ( ! expression4 ,) !   
e>li] & mighti] pa9t]s ( ,italy1 !      
practice is commonly to leave _! di/ance
 ( pure & op5 sky1 ( su* simplicity1 t x
 9 n[ise %all int]f]e ) or draw !       
att5tion f ! int]e/ ( ! figures1 & ( su*
 purity1 t especially t[>ds ! horizon1 x
 %all be 9 ! highe/ degree expressive ( 

! inf9ite space ( heav54 ,i d n mean to 
say t !y did ?is ) any occult or        
metaphysical motives4 ,!y did x1 ,i ?9k1
 ) ! *ild-l1 unpret5d+ simplicity ( all 
e>ne/ m52 !y did :at !y lov$ & felt2 !y 
s\ght :at ! he>t naturally seeks1 & gave
 :at x mo/ gratefully receives2 & ,i    
look to !m z 9 all po9ts ( pr9ciple 7n1 
obs]ve1 ( k or empirical atta9m5t7 z !  
mo/ irrefragable au?orities1 precisely  
on acc\nt ( ! *ild-l innoc5ce1 :i* nev] 
deem$ itself au?oritative1 b act$ ^u    
desire1 & n ^u dicta1 & s\ght = sympa?y1
 n = admiration4   ,sec4 #aj4 ,examples 
among ! ,s\!rn s*ools4  ,& s we f9d !   
same simple & sweet treatm5t1 ! op5 sky1
 ! t5d]1 unpret5d+1 horizontal :ite     
cl\ds1 ! f> w9d+ & abundant l&scape1 9  
,giotto1 ,taddeo ,gaddi1 ,laurati1      
,angelico1 ,b5ozzo1 ,ghirl&ajo1         
,francia1 ,p]og9o1 & ! "y ,raffaelle1 ! 
fir/ symptom ( conv5tionality appe>+ 9  
,p]ug9o1 :o1 ?\gh ) int5se feel+ ( light
 & color he c>ri$ ! glory ( 8 lum9\s    
di/ance f> beyond all 8 pr$ecessors1    

began at ! same "t to use a some:at     
morbid relief ( 8 figures aga9/ ! upp]  
sky4 ,?us 9 ! ,assumption ( ! ,flor5t9e 
,academy1 9 t ( l',annunziata2 & ( !    
,gall]y ( ,bologna1 9 all :i* pictures !
 l[] portions are incomp>ably ! f9e/1   
ow+ to ! light di/ance beh9d ! heads4   
,raffaelle1 9 8 fall1 betray$ ! fai? he 
_h receiv$ f 8 fa!r & 8 ma/]1 &         
sub/itut$ = ! radiant sky ( ! ,madonna  
del ,c>dell9o1 ! *amb]-wall ( ! ,madonna
 della ,s$iola--& ! br[n wa9scot ( !    
,baldac*9o4 ,yet x is curi\s to obs]ve  
h[ mu* ( ! dignity ev5 ( 8 lat]         
pictures1 dep5ds on su* portions z !    
gre5 light ( ! lake1 & sky beh9d !      
rocks1 9 ! ,/4 ,john ( ! tribune1 & h[ !
 repa9t$ di/ortion ( ! ,madonna dell'   
,impannata1 is r$eem$ into some?+ l     
elevat$ "*1 m]ely by ! light ( ! l95    
w9d[ f :i* x takes its "n4   ,sec4 #aa4 
,among ! ,v5etians4  ,t :i* by !        
,flor5t9es 0 done 9 pure simplicity (   
he>t1 0 done by ! ,v5etians ) int5se    
love ( ! color & spl5dor ( ! sky itself1

 ev5 to ! frequ5t sacrific+ ( _! subject
 to ! passion ( its di/ance4 ,9         
,c>paccio1 ,john ,bell9i1 ,giorgione1   
,titian1 ,v]onese1 & ,t9toret1 !        
preci\sness ( ! lum9\s sky1 s f> z x    
might be at all consi/5t ) _! subject1  
is ne>ly con/ant2 ab&on$ altoge!r 9     
portraiture only1 seldom ev5 !re1 & nev]
 ) advantage4 ,titian & ,v]onese1 :o _h 
less exalt$ feel+ ?an ! o!rs1 af=d+ a   
few in/ances ( exception1 ! latt]       
ov]p[]+ 8 silv]y di/ances ) =egr\nd     
spl5dor1 ! o!r sometimes sacrific+ !m to
 a lusci\s fulness ( color1 z 9 !       
,flagellation 9 ! ,l\vre1 by a comp>ison
 ( :i* ) ! unequall$ maje/y ( !         
,entombm5t opposite1 ! :ole p[] &       
applicability ( ! g5]al pr9ciple may at 
once be te/$4   ,sec4 #ab4 ,among !     
pa9t]s ( l&scape4  ,b ( ! value ( ?is   
mode ( treatm5t !re is a f>!r & m       
conv9c+ pro( ?an its adoption ei!r by ! 
innoc5ce ( ! ,flor5t9e or ! ardor ( !   
,v5etian1 namely1 t :5 reta9$ or imitat$
 f !m by ! l&scape pa9t]s ( ! sev5te5?  

c5tury1 :5 appe>+ 9 isolation f all o!r 
good1 among ! weaknesses & paltr9esses (
 ,claude1 ! mann]isms ( ,gasp>1 & !     
c>icatures & brutalities ( ,salvator1 x 
yet r$eems & upholds all ?ree1 conqu]s  
all f\lness by its purity1 v9dicates all
 folly by its dignity1 & puts an        
uncompreh5d$ p[] ( p]man5t address to ! 
human he>t1 ^u ! lips ( ! s5seless & !  
pr(ane4#ac   ,sec4 #ac4 ,o!r modes 9 :i*
 ! p[] ( inf9ity is felt4  ,sec4 #ad4 ,!
 beauty ( curvature4  ,n[1 al?\gh ,i    
d\bt n t ! g5]al value ( ?is treatm5t w 
be ackn[l$g$ by all lov]s ( art1 x is n 
c]ta9 t ! po9t to prove :i* ,i h br\ght 
x =w>d1 w be z readily conc$$1 namely1 !
 inh]5t p[] ( all repres5tations (      
inf9ity ov] ! human he>t2 = !re are1    
inde$1 c\ntless associations ( pure &   
religi\s k9d1 :i* comb9e ) ea* o!r to   
enhance ! impression1 :5 pres5t$ 9 ?is  
p>ticul> =m1 ^: p[] ,i nei!r d5y nor am 
c>eful to di/+ui%1 see+ t !y all t5d to 
! same ,div9e po9t1 & h ref]5ce to      
heav5ly hopes2 delights !y are 9 see+ ! 

n>r[1 black1 mis]able e>? fairly comp>$ 
) ! bright firmam5t1 rea*+s =w>d unto ! 
?+s t are be=e1 & joyfulness 9 ! app>5t 
?\gh unrea*able ne>ness & promise ( !m4 
,b !re are o!r modes 9 :i* inf9ity may  
be repres5t$1 :i* are confus$ by no     
associations ( ! k9d1 & :i* w\ld1 z be+ 
9 m]e matt]1 appe> trivial & mean1 b =  
_! incalculable influ5ce on ! =ms ( all 
t we feel to be beautiful4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 
is ! curvature ( l9es & surfaces1 :]e9 x
 at fir/ appe>s futile to insi/ ^u any  
resemblance or sugge/ion ( inf9ity1 s9ce
 !re is c]ta9ly 9 our ord9>y            
contemplation ( x1 no s5sation ( ! k9d4 
,b ,i h repeat$ aga9 & aga9 t ! ideas ( 
beauty are in/9ctive1 & t x is only ^u  
consid]ation1 & ev5 !n 9 d\btful &      
disputable way1 t !y appe> 9 _! typical 
"*2 nei!r d ,i int5d at all to insi/ ^u 
! p>ticul> mean+ :i* !y appe> to myself 
to be>1 b m]ely on _! actual &          
demon/rable agreeabl5ess1 s t1 9 !      
pres5t case1 :ile ,i ass]t positively1 &
 h no fe> ( be+ able to prove1 t a curve

 ( any k9d is m beautiful ?an a "r l9e1 
,i leave x to ! read] to accept or n1 z 
he pleases1 t reason ( its agreeabl5ess1
 :i* is ! only "o t ,i c at all trace1  
namely1 t e curve divides itself        
inf9itely by its *anges ( direction4    
,sec4 #ae4 ,h[ con/ant 9 ext]nal nature4
  ,t all =ms ( ackn[l$g$ beauty are     
compos$ exclusively ( curves w1 ,i      
believe1 be at once all[$2 b t :i* !re w
 be ne$ m especially to prove1 is !     
subtilty & con/ancy ( curvature 9 all   
natural =ms :atsoev]4 ,i believe t1     
except 9 cry/als1 9 c]ta9 m\nta9 =ms    
admitt$ = ! sake ( sublimity or contra/1
 7z 9 ! slope ( debris17 9 rays ( light1
 9 ! levels ( calm wat] & alluvial l&1 &
 9 "s few organic developm5ts1 !re are  
no l9es nor surfaces ( nature )\t       
curvature1 ?\gh z we be=e saw 9 cl\ds1 m
 especially 9 _! "u l9es t[>ds !        
horizon1 & 9 va/ & ext5d$ pla9s1 "r l9es
 are (t5 sugge/$ :i* are n actual4 ,)\t 
^! we c\ld n be s5sible ( ! value ( !   
contra/+ curves1 & :ile1 !re=e1 = ! mo/ 

"p1 ! eye is f$ 9 natural =ms ) a grace 
( curvature :i* no h& nor in/rum5t c    
foll[1 o!r means are provid$ to give    
beauty to ^? surfaces :i* are admitt$ = 
contra/1 z 9 wat] by its reflection ( ! 
gradations :i* x possesses n itself4 ,9 
fre%ly-brok5 gr\nd1 :i* nature has n yet
 _h "t to model1 9 qu>ries & pits :i*   
are none ( h] cutt+1 9 ^? convulsions & 
evid5ces ( convulsion1 ( ^: influ5ce on 
ideal l&scape ,i %all pres5tly h        
occasion to speak1 & g5]ally 9 all ru9 &
 disease1 & int]f]5ce ( "o ord] ( be+ ) 
ano!r1 7z 9 ! cattle l9e ( p>k trees17 !
 curves vani%1 & viol5tly oppos$ or     
brok5 & unmean+ l9es take _! place4     
,sec4 #af4 ,! beauty ( gradation4  ,:at 
curvature is to l9es1 gradation is to   
%ades & colors4 ,x is !re inf9ity1 &    
divides !m into an inf9ite numb] (      
degrees4 ,absolutely1 )\t gradation no  
natural surface c possibly be1 except "u
 circum/ances ( s r>e conjunction z to  
am\nt to a lusus naturae2 = we h se5 t  
few surfaces are )\t curvature1 & e     

curv$ surface mu/ be gradat$ by ! nature
 ( light1 :i* is mo/ int5se :5 x imp+es 
at ! highe/ angle1 & = ! gradation ( !  
few plane surfaces t exi/1 means are    
provid$ 9 local color1 a]ial p]spective1
 reflect$ lights1 etc41 f :i* x is b    
b>ely conceivable t !y %\ld ev] escape4 
,h5ce = in/ances ( ! complete abs5ce (  
gradation we mu/ look to man's "w1 or to
 8 disease & decrepitude4 ,comp>e !     
gradat$ colors ( ! ra9b[ ) ! /ripes ( a 
t>get1 & ! gradual conc5tration ( !     
y\?ful blood 9 ! *eek ) an abrupt pat* (
 r\ge1 or ) ! %>ply drawn ve9+ ( old    
age4   ,sec4 #ag4 ,h[ f\nd 9 ,nature4   
,gradation is s insep>able a quality (  
all natural %ade & color t ! eye refuses
 9 art to und]/& any?+ z ei!r1 :i*      
appe>s )\t x1 :ile on ! o!r h& ne>ly all
 ! gradations ( nature are s subtile &  
betwe5 degrees ( t9t s slightly sep>at$1
 t no human h& c 9 any wise equal1 or d 
any?+ m ?an sugge/ ! idea ( !m4 ,9      
proportion to ! space ov] :i* gradation 
ext5ds1 & to its invisible subtilty1 is 

its gr&eur1 & 9 proportion to its n>r[  
limits & viol5t degrees1 its vulg>ity4  
,9 ,correggio1 x is morbid & vulg> 9    
spite ( its ref9em5t ( execution1       
because ! eye is drawn to x1 & x is made
 ! mo/ obs]vable & *>act]i/ic "p ( !    
picture2 :]eas natural gradation is =ev]
 escap+ obs]vation to t degree t !      
great] "p ( arti/s 9 work+ f nature see 
x n1 7except 9 c]ta9 ( its m>k$         
developm5ts17 b ei!r lay d[n su*        
cont9u\s l9es & colors1 z are bo?       
disagreeable & impossible1 or1 receiv+ !
 necessity ( gradation z a pr9ciple     
in/ead ( a fact1 use x 9 viol5tly       
exagg]at$ measure1 & s lose bo? !       
dignity ( _! own "w1 & by ! con/ant     
dwell+ ( _! eyes ^u exagg]ations1 _!    
s5sibility to t ( ! natural =ms4 ,s t we
 f9d ! majority ( pa9t]s divid$ betwe5 !
 two evil extremes ( insuffici5cy &     
affectation1 & only a few ( ! greate/ m5
 capable ( mak+ gradation con/ant & yet 
ext5d$ ov] enorm\s spaces & )9 degrees (
 n>r[ diff]5ce1 z 9 ! body ( a high     

light4   ,sec4 #ah4 ,h[ necess>y 9 ,art4
  ,f ! necessity ( gradation results :at
 is commonly giv5 z a rule ( art1 ?\gh  
its au?ority z a rule obta9s only f its 
be+ a fact ( nature1 t ! extremes ( high
 light & pure color1 c exi/ only 9      
po9ts4 ,! common rules respect+ six?s & 
eigh?s1 held conc]n+ light & %ade1 are  
entirely absurd & conv5tional2 accord+  
to ! subject & ! effect ( light1 !      
great] "p ( ! picture w be or ought to  
be light or d>k2 b t pr9ciple :i* is n  
conv5tional1 is t ( all light1 h[ev]    
high1 !re is "s "p t is high] ?an ! re/1
 & t ( all color1 h[ev] pure1 !re is "s 
"p t is pur] ?an ! re/1 & t g5]ally (   
all %ade1 h[ev] deep1 !re is "s "p deep]
 ?an ! re/1 ?\gh ?is la/ fact is        
frequ5tly sacrific$ 9 art1 ow+ to !     
n>r[ness ( its means4 ,b on ! "r        
gradation or focuss+ ( light & color    
dep5ds 9 great measure1 ! value ( bo?4  
,( ?is1 ,i h spok5 suffici5tly 9 po9t+  
out ! s+ul> con/ancy ( x 9 ! works (    
,turn]4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,sect4 ,,ii4 ,*ap4    

,,ii4 ,sec4 #ag4 ,& x is g5]ally to be  
obs]v$ t ev5 raw & valueless color1 if  
rightly & subtilely gradat$ w 9 "s      
measure /& = light1 & t ! mo/ transp>5t 
& p]fect hue w be 9 "s measure          
unsatisfactory1 if entirely unv>i$4 ,i  
believe ! e>ly skies ( ,raffaelle owe _!
 lum9\sness m to _! untraceable &       
subtile gradation ?an to inh]5t quality 
( hue4   ,sec4 #ai4 ,inf9ity n rightly  
impli$ by va/ness4  ,su* are !          
expressions ( inf9ity :i* we f9d 9      
creation1 ( :i* ! importance is to be   
e/imat$1 r by _! frequ5cy ?an _!        
di/9ctness4 ,let1 h[ev]1 ! read] be>    
con/antly 9 m9d t ,i insi/ n on 8       
accept+ any int]pretation ( m9e1 b only 
on 8 dwell+ s long on ^? objects1 :i* he
 p]ceives to be beautiful1 z to det]m9e 
:e!r ! qualities to :i* ,i trace _!     
beauty1 be necess>ily !re or no4 ,f>!r  
expressions ( inf9ity !re are 9 ! my/]y 
( nature1 & 9 "s measure 9 h] va/ness1 b
 ^! are dep5d5t on our own imp]fections1
 & !re=e1 ?\gh !y produce sublimity1 !y 

are unconnect$ ) beauty4 ,= t :i* we    
fooli%ly call va/ness is1 rightly       
consid]$1 n m wond]ful1 n m impressive1 
?an t :i* we insol5tly call littl5ess1 &
 ! inf9ity ( ,god is n my/]i\s1 x is    
only unfa?omable1 n conceal$1 b         
incompreh5sible3 x is a cle> inf9ity1 ! 
d>kness ( ! pure unse>*able sea4        
,,footnotes    #ac ,9 "o ( ! small]     
rooms ( ! ,pitti palace1 ov] ! door1    
is a temptation ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 by       
,salvator1 :]e9 su* p[] z     ! arti/   
possess$ is fully manife/$1 ) little1   
comp>atively1 t is (f5sive4 ,x is a     
vigor\s & gha/ly     ?\ght1 9 t k9d (   
horror :i* is dep5d5t on sc5ic effect1  
p]haps unrivall$1 & ,i %all h occasion  
to ref] to x aga9     9 speak+ ( ! p[]s 
( imag9ation4 ,i allude to x "h1        
because ! sky ( ! di/ance af=ds a       
rem>kable in/ance ( !     p[] ( light at
 pres5t "u discussion4 ,x is =m$ (      
flakes     ( black cl\d1 ) r5ts & op5+s 
( int5se & lurid gre51     & at lea/    
half ( ! impressiv5ess ( ! picture      

dep5ds on     ^! op5+s4 ,close !m1 make 
! sky "o mass ( gloom1 & !     spectre w
 be awful no long]4 ,x owes to ! light (
 !     di/ance bo? its size & its       
spirituality4 ,! "t w\ld fail me     if 
,i 7 to "n ! t5? "p ( ! pictures :i*    
occur to me1     ^: vulg>ity is r$eem$  
by ?is circum/ance alone1 & yet let     
n ! arti/ tru/ to su* morbid &          
conv5tional use ( x z     may be se5 9 !
 common blue & yell[ effectism ( !      
pres5t     day4 ,( ! value ( mod]ation &
 simplicity 9 ! use ( ?is1     z ( all  
o!r s\rces ( pleasurable emotion1 ,i    
%all pres5tly     h occasion to speak   
f>!r4                                   
,,*apt] ,,vi4               ,,( ,,unity1
 ,,or ,,! ,,type ,,( ,,! ,,div9e        
,,compreh5siv5ess4   ,sec4 #a4 ,! g5]al 
conception ( div9e ,unity4  ,all ?+s1   
says ,hook]1 7,god only except$17       
besides ! nature :i* !y h 9 !mselves1   
receive ext]nally "s p]fection f o!r    
?+s4 ,h5ce ! appe>ance ( sep>ation or   
isolation 9 any?+1 & ( self-dep5d5ce1 is

 an appe>ance ( imp]fection3 & all      
appe>ances ( connection & bro!rhood are 
pleasant & "r1 bo? z significative (    
p]fection 9 ! ?+s unit$1 & z typical ( t
 ,unity :i* we attribute to ,god1 & (   
:i* our true conception is rightly      
expla9$ & limit$ by ,dr4 ,br[n 9 8      
,,xcii4 lecture2 t ,unity :i* consi/s n 
9 8 own s+l5ess or sep>ation1 b 9 !     
necessity ( 8 inh]5ce 9 all ?+s t be1   
)\t :i* no creature ( any k9d c\ld hold 
exi/5ce = a mom5t4 ,:i* necessity (     
,div9e ess5ce ,i ?9k x bett] to speak ( 
z compreh5siv5ess1 ?an z unity1 because 
unity is (t5 und]/ood 9 ! s5se ( on5ess 
or s+l5ess1 in/ead ( univ]sality1 :]eas 
! only ,unity :i* by any means c become 
grateful or an object ( hope to m51 & ^:
 types !re=e 9 mat]ial ?+s c be         
beautiful1 is t on :i* turn$ ! la/ words
 & pray] ( ,*ri/ be=e 8 cross+ ( !      
,kidron brook4 ,nei!r pray ,i = ^!      
alone1 b = !m also :i* %all believe on  
me ?r\gh _! ^w4 ,t !y all may be "o1 z  
?\1 ,fa!r1 art 9 me1 & ,i 9 !e4   ,sec4 

#b4 ,! glory ( all ?+s is _! ,unity4  ,&
 s !re is n any matt]1 nor any _s1 nor  
any creature1 b x is capable ( an unity 
( "s k9d ) o!r creatures1 & 9 t unity is
 its p]fection & !irs1 & a pleasure also
 = ! behold+ ( all o!r creatures t c    
behold4 ,s ! unity ( spirits is p>tly 9 
_! sympa?y1 & p>tly 9 _! giv+ & tak+1 & 
always 9 _! love2 & ^! are _! delight & 
_! /r5g?1 = _! /r5g? is 9 _! co-work+ & 
army fell[%ip1 & _! delight is 9 ! giv+ 
& receiv+ ( alt]nate & p]petual curr5ts 
( good1 _! insep>able dep5d5cy on ea*   
o!r's be+1 & _! ess5tial & p]fect dep5d+
 on _! ,creator's3 & s ! unity ( e>?ly  
creatures is _! p[] & _! peace1 n l !   
dead & cold peace ( undi/urb$ /ones &   
solit>y m\nta9s1 b ! liv+ peace ( tru/1 
& ! liv+ p[] ( support1 ( h&s t hold ea*
 o!r & are /ill3 & s ! unity ( matt] is1
 9 its noble/ =m1 ! organization ( x :i*
 builds x up into temples = ! _s1 & 9   
its l[] =m1 ! sweet & /range aff9ity1   
:i* gives to x ! glory ( its ord]ly     
elem5ts1 & ! fair v>iety ( *ange &      

assimilation t turns ! du/ into !       
cry/al1 & sep>ates ! wat]s t be above ! 
firmam5t f ! wat]s t be b5ea?1 & 9 its  
l[e/ =m2 x is ! work+ & walk+ & cl++    
toge!r t gives _! p[] to ! w9ds1 & its  
syllables & s\nd+s to ! air1 & _! weight
 to ! waves1 & _! burn+ to ! sunbeams1 &
 _! /ability to ! m\nta9s1 & to e       
creature :atsoev] op]ation is = its     
glory & = o!rs good4  ,n[ ( t :i* is ?us
 necess>y to ! p]fection ( all ?+s1 all 
appe>ance1 sign1 type1 or sugge/ion mu/ 
be beautiful1 9 :atev] matt] x may      
appe>4 ,& s to ! p]fection ( beauty 9   
l9es1 or colors1 or =ms1 or masses1 or  
multitudes1 ! appe>ance ( "s species (  
unity is 9 ! mo/ det]m9$ s5se ( ! ^w    
ess5tial4   ,sec4 #c4 ,! sev]al k9ds (  
unity4 ,subjectional4 ,orig9al4 ,(      
sequ5ce1        & ( memb]%ip4  ,b ( !   
appe>ances ( unity1 z ( unity itself1   
!re are sev]al k9ds :i* x w be f\nd     
h]eaft] conv5i5t to consid] sep>ately4  
,?us !re is ! unity ( diff]5t & sep>ate 
?+s1 subject$ to "o & ! same influ5ce1  

:i* may be call$ subjectional unity1 &  
?is is ! unity ( ! cl\ds1 z !y are driv5
 by ! p>allel w9ds1 or z !y are ord]$ by
 ! electric curr5ts1 & ?is ! unity ( !  
sea waves1 & ?is ( ! b5d+ & undulation (
 ! =e/ masses1 & 9 creatures capable ( w
 x is ! unity ( w or ( inspiration4 ,&  
!re is unity ( orig91 :i* we may call   
orig9al unity1 :i* is ( ?+s aris+ f "o  
spr+ & s\rce1 & speak+ always ( ?is _!  
bro!rhood1 & ?is 9 matt] is ! unity ( ! 
bran*es ( ! trees1 & ( ! petals & />ry  
rays ( fl[]s1 & ( ! beams ( light1 & 9  
spiritual creatures x is _! filial      
relation to ,him f :om !y h _! be+4 ,&  
!re is unity ( sequ5ce1 :i* is t ( ?+s t
 =m l9ks 9 *a9s1 & /eps 9 asc5t1 & /ages
 9 j\rneys1 & ?is1 9 matt]1 is ! unity (
 communicable =ces 9 _! cont9uance f "o 
?+ to ano!r1 & x is ! pass+ upw>ds &    
d[nw>ds ( b5efic5t effects among all    
?+s1 & x is ! melody ( s\nds1 & ! beauty
 ( cont9u\s l9es1 & ! ord]ly succession 
( motions & times4 ,& 9 spiritual       
creatures x is _! own con/ant build+ up 

by true k & cont9u\s reason+ to high]   
p]fection1 & ! s+l5ess &                
/raight-=w>dness ( _! t5d5cies to m     
complete communion ) ,god4 ,& !re is !  
unity ( memb]%ip1 :i* we may call       
ess5tial unity1 :i* is ! unity ( ?+s    
sep>ately imp]fect into a p]fect :ole1 &
 ?is is ! great unity ( :i* o!r unities 
are b p>ts & means1 x is 9 matt] !      
h>mony ( s\nds & consi/5cy ( bodies1 &  
among spiritual creatures1 _! love &    
happ9ess & v life 9 ,god4   ,sec4 #d4   
,unity ( memb]%ip4 ,h[ secur$4  ,n[ ( ! 
nature ( ?is la/ k9d ( unity1 ! mo/     
important :e!r 9 moral or 9 ^? mat]ial  
?+s ) :i* we are at pres5t conc]n$1 !re 
is ?is necess>y to be obs]v$1 t x _c    
exi/ betwe5 ?+s simil> to ea* o!r4 ,two 
or m equal & l ?+s _c be memb]s "o (    
ano!r1 nor c !y =m "o1 or a :ole ?+4    
,two !y mu/ rema91 bo? 9 nature & 9 our 
conception1 s long z !y rema9 alike1    
unless !y are unit$ by a ?ird diff]5t f 
bo?4 ,?us ! arms1 :i* are l ea* o!r1    
rema9 two arms 9 our conception4 ,!y    

c\ld n be unit$ by a ?ird arm1 !y mu/ be
 unit$ by some?+ :i* is n an arm1 & :i*1
 imp]fect )\t !m z !y )\t x1 %all =m "o 
p]fect body2 nor is unity ev5 ?us       
accompli%$1 )\t a diff]5ce & opposition 
( direction 9 ! sett+ on ( ! l memb]s4  
,!re=e among all ?+s :i* are to h unity 
( memb]%ip "o ) ano!r1 !re mu/ be       
diff]5ce or v>iety2 & ?\gh x is possible
 t _m l ?+s may be made memb]s ( "o     
body1 yet x is rem>kable t ?is /ructure 
appe>s *>act]i/ic ( ! l[] creatures1 r  
?an ! high]1 z ! _m legs ( ! cat]pill>1 
& ! _m arms & suck]s ( ! radiata1 & t1 z
 we rise 9 ord] ( be+1 ! numb] ( simil> 
memb]s becomes less1 & _! /ructure      
commonly seems bas$ on ! pr9ciple ( !   
unity ( two ?+s by a ?ird1 z ,plato has 
x 9 ! ,timaeus1 ,sec4 ,,ii4   ,sec4 #e4 
,v>iety4 ,:y requir$4  ,h5ce1 out ( !   
necessity ( unity1 arises t ( v>iety1 a 
necessity (t5 m vividly1 ?\gh nev] s    
deeply felt1 because ly+ at ! surfaces (
 ?+s1 & assi/$ by an influ5tial pr9ciple
 ( our nature1 ! love ( *ange1 & ! p[] (

 contra/4 ,b x is a mi/ake :i* has l$ to
 _m un=tunate results1 9 matt]s respect+
 art1 to insi/ on any inh]5t            
agreeabl5ess ( v>iety1 )\t ref]5ce to a 
f>!r end4 ,= x is n ev5 true t v>iety z 
su*1 & 9 its highe/ degree1 is          
beautiful4 ,a pat*$ g>m5t ( _m colors is
 by no means s agreeable z "o ( a s+le &
 cont9u\s hue2 ! spl5did colors ( _m    
birds are em95tly pa9ful f _! viol5t    
sep>ation & inord9ate v>iety1 :ile !    
pure & colorless swan is1 "u c]ta9      
circum/ances1 ! mo/ beautiful ( all     
fea!r$ creatures4#ad ,a =e/ ( all mann] 
( trees is poor1 if n disagreeable 9    
effect1#ae a mass ( "o species ( tree is
 sublime4 ,x is !re=e only h>moni\s &   
*ordal v>iety1 t v>iety :i* is necess>y 
to secure & ext5d unity1 7= ! great] !  
numb] ( objects1 :i* by _! diff]5ces    
become memb]s ( "o ano!r1 ! m ext5d$ &  
sublime is _! unity17 :i* is rightly    
agreeable1 & s ,i "n n v>iety z ess5tial
 to beauty1 because x is only s 9 a     
second>y & casual s5se4#af   ,sec4 #f4  

,*ange1 & its influ5ce on beauty4  ,sec4
 #g4 ,! love ( *ange4 ,h[ morbid & evil4
  ,( ! love ( *ange z a pr9ciple ( human
 nature1 & ! pleasantness ( v>iety      
result+ f x1 some?+ has already be5     
said1 7,*4 ,,iv4 ,sec4 #d17 only z !re  
,i 0 oppos+ ! idea t our be+ famili> )  
objects 0 ! cause ( our delight 9 !m1 s 
"h1 ,i h to oppose ! contr>y position1 t
 _! /rang5ess is ! cause ( x4 ,= nei!r  
famili>ity nor /rang5ess h m op]ation   
on1 or connection )1 impressions ( "o   
s5se ?an ( ano!r1 & !y h less p[] ov] ! 
impressions ( s5se g5]ally1 ?an ov] !   
intellect 9 its joyful accept+ ( fre% k1
 & dull contemplation ( t x has long    
possess$4 ,only 9 _! op]ation on ! s5ses
 !y act contr>ily at diff]5t times1 z = 
in/ance ! newness ( a dress or ( "s k9d 
( unaccu/om$ food may make x = a "t     
delightful1 b z ! novelty passes away1 s
 also may ! delight1 yield+ to disgu/ or
 indiff]5ce1 :i* 9 _! turn1 z cu/om     
beg9s to op]ate1 may pass into affection
 & crav+1 & t :i* 0 fir/ a luxury1 & !n 

a matt] ( indiff]5ce1 becomes a         
necessity3#ag :]eas 9 subjects ( !      
intellect1 ! *ief delight !y convey is  
dep5d5t ^u _! be+ newly & vividly       
compreh5d$1 & z !y become subjects (    
contemplation !y lose _! value1 & become
 ta/eless & unreg>d$1 except z in/rum5ts
 = ! rea*+ ( o!rs1 only t ?\gh !y s9k   
d[n into ! %ad[y1 effectless1 heap ( ?+s
 indiff]5t1 :i* we pack1 & cru% d[n1 &  
/& ^u1 to rea* ?+s new1 !y sp>kle afre% 
at int]vals z we /ir !m by ?r[+ a new   
/one into ! heap1 & lett+ ! newly       
admitt$ lights play ^u !m4 ,& bo? 9     
subjects ( ! intellect & ! s5ses x is to
 be rememb]$1 t ! love ( *ange is a     
weakness & imp]fection ( our nature1 &  
implies 9 x ! /ate ( probation1 & t x is
 to tea* u t ?+s ab\t u "h are n meant =
 our cont9ual possession or             
satisfaction1 t ev] su* passion ( *ange 
0 put 9 u z t cu/om lies ^u u ) a       
weight1 heavy z fro/1 & deep almo/ z    
life1 & only su* weak back & baby grasp 
giv5 to our intellect z t ! be/ ?+s we d

 are pa9ful1 & ! ex]cise ( !m griev\s1  
be+ cont9u$ )\t int]mission1 s z 9 ^? v 
actions :]eby we are especially p]fect$ 
9 ?is life we are n able to p]si/4 ,& s 
x w be f\nd t !y are ! weake/-m9d$ & !  
h>de/-he>t$ m5 t mo/ love v>iety &      
*ange1 = ! weake/-m9d$ are ^? :o bo?    
wond] mo/ at ?+s new1 & dige/ wor/ ?+s  
old1 9 s f> t ev]y?+ !y h lies ru/y1 &  
loses lu/re = want ( use2 nei!r d !y    
make any /ir among _! possessions1 nor  
look ov] !m to see :at may be made ( !m1
 nor keep any great /ore1 nor are       
h\sehold]s ) /oreh\ses ( ?+s new & old1 
b !y cat* at ! new-fa%ion$ g>m5ts1 & let
 ! mo? & ?ief look aft] ! re/2 & !      
h>de/-he>t$ m5 are ^? t lea/ feel !     
ende>+ & b9d+ p[] ( cu/om1 & hold on by 
no cords ( affection to any %ore1 b     
drive ) ! waves t ca/ up mire & dirt4 ,&
 c]ta9ly x is n to be held t ! p]ception
 ( beauty & desire ( x1 are greate/ 9 ! 
h>de/ he>t & weake/ bra92 b ! love (    
v>iety is s1 & !re=e v>iety c be no     
cause ( ! beautiful1 except1 z ,i h     

said1 :5 x is necess>y = ! p]ception (  
unity1 nei!r is !re any bett] te/ ( t   
:i* is inde$ beautiful ?an its surviv+  
or annihilat+ ! love ( *ange2 & ?is is a
 te/ :i* ! be/ judges ( art h ne$       
frequ5tly to use2 & ! wise/ ( !m w use x
 always1 = !re is mu* 9 art t surprises 
by its brilliancy1 or attracts by its   
s+ul>ity1 t c h>dly b by c\rse ( "t1    
?\gh assur$ly x w by c\rse ( "t1 be     
w9n[$ away f ! "r & real beauty ^:      
ret5tive p[] is =ev] on ! increase1 a   
bread ( ! s\l = :i* ! hung] is cont9ual4
   ,sec4 #h4 ,! conduct+ ( v>iety t[>ds 
unity ( subjection4  ,receiv+1 !re=e1   
v>iety only z t :i* accompli%es unity1  
or makes x p]ceiv$1 its op]ation is f\nd
 to be v preci\s1 bo? 9 t :i* ,i h call$
 unity ( subjection1 & unity ( sequ5ce1 
z well z 9 unity ( memb]%ip2 = al?\gh   
?+s 9 all respects ! same may1 inde$1 be
 subject$ to "o influ5ce1 yet ! p[] ( ! 
influ5ce1 & _! ob$i5ce to x1 is be/ se5 
by v>i$ op]ation ( x on _! individual   
diff]5ces1 z 9 cl\ds & waves !re is a   

glori\s unity ( roll+1 wr\ght out by !  
wild & wond]ful diff]5ces ( _! absolute 
=ms1 :i*1 if tak5 away1 w\ld leave 9 !m 
only multitud9\s & petty repetition1    
in/ead ( ! maje/ic on5ess ( %>$ passion4
 ,& s 9 ! waves & cl\ds ( human         
multitude :5 !y are fill$ ) "o ?\ght1 z 
we f9d frequ5tly 9 ! works ( ! e>ly     
,italian m5 ( e>ne/ purpose1 :o despis+1
 or happily ignorant (1 ! sophi/ications
 ( !ories1 & ! proprieties (            
composition1 indicat$ by p]fect         
simil>ity ( action & ge/ure on ! "o h&1 
& by ! inf9ite & tru?ful v>iation (     
expression on ! o!r1 ! mo/ sublime /r5g?
 because ! mo/ absorb+ unity1 (         
multitud9\s passion t ev] human he>t    
conceiv$4 ,h5ce1 9 ! cloi/] ( ,/4       
,m>k's1 ! int5se1 fix$1 /atue-l sil5ce (
 ineffable adoration ^u ! spirits 9     
prison at ! feet ( ,*ri/1 side by side1 
! h&s lift$1 & ! knees b[$1 & ! lips    
trembl+ toge!r2#ah & 9 ,/4 ,dom5ico (   
,fiesole1#ai t :irlw9d ru% ( ! ,angels &
 ! r$eem$ s\ls r\nd ab\t him at 8       

resurrection1 s t we he> ! bla/ ( !     
horizontal trumpets mix$ ) ! dy+ clangor
 ( _! +a!r$ w+s4 ,! same great feel+    
occurs ?r\gh\t ! works ( ! s]i\s m51    
?\gh mo/ int5sely 9 ,angelico1 & x is   
well to comp>e ) x ! vil5ess & fals5ess 
( all t succe$$1 :5 m5 _h begun to br+  
to ! cross foot _! sy/ems in/ead ( _!   
sorr[4 ,take z ! mo/ m>k$ & degrad$     
in/ance1 p]haps1 to be any:]e f\nd1     
,bronz9o's treatm5t ( ! same subject    
7,*ri/ visit+ ! spirits 9 prison17 9 !  
picture n[ 9 ! ,tuscan room ( !         
,uffizii1 :i*1 vile z x is 9 color1     
vacant 9 inv5tion1 void 9 light & %ade1 
a heap ( cumbr\s no?+nesses1 & sick5+   
(f5siv5esses1 is ( all its voids mo/    
void 9 ?is1 t ! academy models !re9     
huddl$ toge!r at ! bottom1 %[ n s mu*   
unity or community ( att5tion to !      
academy model ) ! flag 9 its h& above1 z
 a /reet cr[d w\ld be to a fre%-/ag$    
*>latan4 ,"s po9t to ! ,god :o has bur/ 
! gates ( dea?1 z if ! re/ 7 incapable (
 di/+ui%+ him = !mselves1 & o!rs turn _!

 backs ^u him1 to %[ _! unagitat$ faces 
to ! spectator4   ,sec4 #i4 ,& t[>ds    
unity ( sequ5ce4  ,9 unity ( sequ5ce1 ! 
effect ( v>iety is be/ exemplifi$ by !  
melodies ( music1 :]e9 by ! diff]5ces ( 
! notes1 !y are connect$ ) ea* o!r 9    
c]ta9 pleasant relations4 ,?is          
connection tak+ place 9 quantities is   
proportion1 respect+ :i* c]ta9 g5]al    
pr9ciples mu/ be not$1 z ! subject is "o
 op5 to _m errors1 & obscurely treat$ ( 
by writ]s on art4   ,sec4 #aj4 ,! nature
 ( proportion4 #a/1 ( app>5t proportion4
  ,proportion is ( two di/9ct k9ds4     
,app>5t3 :5 x takes place betwe5        
qualities = ! sake ( connection only1   
)\t any ultimate object or casual       
necessity2 & con/ructive3 :5 x has      
ref]5ce to "s function to be dis*>g$ by 
! quantities1 dep5d+ on _! proportion4  
,f ! confusion ( ^! two k9ds (          
proportion h aris5 ! great] "p ( !      
errone\s conceptions ( ! influ5ce (     
ei!r4  ,app>5t proportion1 or ! s5sible 
relation ( quantities1 is "o ( ! mo/    

important means ( obta9+ unity betwe5   
?+s :i* o!rwise mu/ h rema9$ di/9ct 9   
simil>ity1 & z x may consi/ ) e o!r k9d 
( unity1 & p]si/ :5 e o!r means ( x     
fails1 x may be consid]$ z ly+ at ! root
 ( mo/ ( our impressions ( ! beautiful4 
,!re is no s5se ( rightness1 or         
wrongness connect$ ) x1 no s5se (       
utility1 propriety1 or exp$i5cy4 ,^!    
ideas ent] only :]e ! proportion (      
quantities has ref]5ce to "s function to
 be p]=m$ by !m4 ,x _c be ass]t$ t x is 
"r or t x is wrong t ,a %\ld be to ,b1 z
 ,b to ,c2 unless ,a1 ,b1 & ,c h "s     
desirable op]ation dep5d5t on t         
relation4 ,b nev]!less x may be highly  
agreeable to ! eye t ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 if   
visible ?+s1 %\ld h visible connection (
 ratio1 ev5 ?\gh no?+ be accompli%$ by  
su* connection4 ,on ! o!r h&1           
con/ructive proportion1 or ! adaptation 
( quantities to functions1 is agreeable 
n to ! eye1 b to ! m9d1 :i* is cognizant
 ( ! function to be p]=m$4 ,?us !       
pleasantness or rightness ( !           

proportions ( a column dep5ds n on ! m]e
 relation ( diamet] & height1 7:i* is n 
proportion at all1 = proportion is      
betwe5 ?ree t]ms at lea/17 b on ?ree o!r
 involv$ t]ms1 ! /r5g? ( mat]ials1 !    
weight to be borne1 & ! scale ( !       
build+4 ,! proportions ( a wood5 column 
are wrong 9 a /one "o1 & ( a small      
build+ wrong 9 a l>ge "o1#bj & ?is ow+  
solely to me*anical consid]ations1 :i* h
 no m to d ) ideas ( beauty1 ?an !      
relation betwe5 ! arms ( a lev]1 adapt$ 
to ! rais+ ( a giv5 weight2 & yet x is  
highly agreeable to p]ceive t su*       
con/ructive proportion has be5 duly     
obs]v$1 z x is agreeable to see t any?+ 
is fit = its purpose or = ours1 & also t
 x has be5 ! result ( intellig5ce 9 !   
workman ( x1 s t we sometimes feel a    
pleasure 9 app>5t non-adaptation1 if x  
be a sign ( +5uity2 z 9 ! unnatural &   
seem+ly impossible lightness ( ,go?ic   
spires & ro(s4  ,n[1 ! errors aga9/ :i* 
,i w\ld caution ! read] 9 ?is matt] are 
?ree4 ,! fir/1 is ! ov]look+ or d5ial ( 

! p[] ( app>5t proportion1 ( :i* p[]    
nei!r ,burke nor any o!r writ] ^: works 
,i h met )1 take cognizance4 ,! second1 
is ! attribution ( beauty to !          
appe>ances ( con/ructive proportion4 ,! 
?ird1 ! d5ial ) ,burke ( any value or   
agreeabl5ess 9 con/ructive proportion4  
,sec4 #aa4 ,! value ( app>5t proportion 
9 curvature4  ,n[1 ! full pro( ( !      
influ5ce ( app>5t proportion1 ,i mu/    
res]ve = illu/ration by diagram2 "o or  
two in/ances h[ev] may be giv5 at pres5t
 = ! bett] und]/&+ ( its nature4  ,we h 
already ass]t$ t all curves are m       
beautiful ?an "r l9es4 ,all curves1     
h[ev]1 are n equally beautiful1 & _!    
diff]5ces ( beauty dep5d on ! diff]5t   
proportions borne to ea* o!r by ^?      
inf9itely small "r l9es ( :i* !y may be 
conceiv$ z compos$4  ,:5 ^! l9es are    
equal & conta9 equal angles1 !re c be no
 connection or unity ( sequ5ce 9 !m4 ,! 
result+ curve1 ! circle1 is !re=e ! lea/
 beautiful ( all curves4  ,:5 ! l9es be>
 to ea* o!r "s c]ta9 proportion2 or :51 

! l9es rema9+ equal1 ! angles v>y2 or :5
 by any means :atsoev]1 & 9 :atev]      
complicat$ modes1 su* diff]5ces z %all  
imply connection are e/abli%$ betwe5 !  
inf9itely small segm5ts1 ! result+      
curves become beautiful4 ,! simple/ ( ! 
beautiful curves are ! conic1 & ! v>i\s 
spirals2 b x is z ra% z x is difficult  
to endeavor to trace any gr\nd (        
sup]iority or inf]iority among ! inf9ite
 numb]s ( ! high] curves4 ,i believe t  
almo/ all are beautiful 9 _! own nature1
 & t _! comp>ative beauty dep5ds on !   
con/ant quantities involv$ 9 _!         
equations4 ,( ?is po9t ,i %all speak    
h]eaft] at great] l5g?4   ,sec4 #ab4 ,h[
 by nature obta9$4  ,! univ]sal =ces (  
nature1 & ! individual en]gies ( ! matt]
 submitt$ to !m1 are s appo9t$ &        
balanc$1 t !y are cont9ually br++ out   
curves ( ?is k9d 9 all visible =ms1 & t 
circul> l9es become ne>ly impossible "u 
any circum/ances4 ,! gradual            
accel]ation1 = in/ance1 ( velocity1 9   
/reams t desc5d f hill-sides1 z x       

gradually increases _! p[] ( erosion    
increases 9 ! same gradual degree ! rate
 ( curvature 9 ! desc5t ( ! slope1 until
 at a c]ta9 degree ( /eepness ?is desc5t
 meets1 & is conceal$ by ! "r l9e ( !   
detritus4 ,! junction ( ?is "r l9e ) !  
pla9 is aga9 modifi$ by ! f>!r b\nd+ ( !
 l>g] blocks1 & by ! successively       
dim9i%+ proportion ( l&slips caus$ by   
erosion at ! bottom1 s t ! :ole l9e ( ! 
hill is "o ( curvature1 fir/1 gradually 
increas+ 9 rapidity to ! maximum        
/eepness ( :i* ! p>ticul> rock is       
capable1 & !n decreas+ 9 a decreas+     
ratio1 until x arrives at ! pla9 level4 
,?is type ( =m1 modifi$ ( c\rse m or    
less by ! orig9al boldness ( ! m\nta91 &
 dep5d5t bo? on its age1 its con/itu5t  
rock1 & ! circum/ances ( its exposure1  
is yet 9 its g5]al =mula applicable to  
all4 ,s ! curves ( all ?+s 9 motion1 & (
 all organic =ms1 mo/ rudely & simply 9 
! %ell spirals1 & 9 _! mo/ complicat$   
developm5t 9 ! muscul> l9es ( ! high]   
animals4  ,?is influ5ce ( app>5t        

proportion1 a proportion1 be x obs]v$1  
:i* has no ref]5ce to ultimate ends1 b  
:i* is itself1 seem+ly1 ! end & object (
 op]ation 9 _m ( ! =ces ( nature1 is    
!re=e at ! root ( all our delight 9 any 
beautiful =m :atsoev]4 ,= no =m c be    
beautiful :i* is n compos$ ( curves ^:  
unity is secur$ by relations ( ?is k9d4 
,sec4 #ac4 ,app>5t proportion 9 melodies
 ( l9e4  ,n only h[ev] 9 curvature1 b 9 
all associations ( l9es :atsoev]1 x is  
desirable t !re %\ld be reciprocal      
relation1 & ! eye is unhappy )\t        
p]ception ( x4 ,x is utt]ly va9 to      
endeavor to r$uce ?is proportion to     
f9ite rules1 = x is z v>i\s z musical   
melody1 & ! laws to :i* x is subject are
 ( ! same g5]al k9d1 s t ! det]m9ation (
 "r or wrong proportion is z mu* a matt]
 ( feel+ & exp]i5ce z ! appreciation (  
good musical composition2 n b t !re is a
 sci5ce ( bo?1 & pr9ciples :i* may n be 
infr+$1 b t )9 ^! limits ! lib]ty (     
inv5tion is inf9ite1 & ! degrees (      
excell5ce inf9ite also1 :5ce ! curi\s   

error ( ,burke 9 imag9+ t because he    
c\ld n fix ^u "s "o giv5 proportion (   
l9es z bett] ?an any o!r1 !re=e         
proportion _h no value nor influ5ce at  
all1 :i* is ! same z to conclude t !re  
is no su* ?+ z melody 9 music1 because  
!re are melodies m ?an "o4   ,sec4 #ad4 
,error ( ,burke 9 ?is matt]4  ,! argum5t
 ( ,burke on ?is subject is summ$ up 9 !
 foll[+ words3--,exam9e ! head ( a      
beautiful horse1 f9d :at proportion t   
be>s to 8 body & to 8 limbs1 & :at      
relations ^! h to ea* o!r1 & :5 y h     
settl$ ^! proportions1 z a /&>d (       
beauty1 !n take a dog or cat1 or any o!r
 animal1 & exam9e h[ f> ! same          
proportions betwe5 _! heads & _! necks1 
betwe5 ^? & ! body1 & s on1 are f\nd to 
hold2 ,i ?9k we may safely say1 t !y    
diff] 9 e species1 yet t !re are        
individuals f\nd 9 a great _m species1 s
 diff]+1 t h a v /rik+ beauty4 ,n[ if x 
be all[$ t v diff]5t1 & ev5 contr>y =ms 
& dispositions1 are consi/5t ) beauty1 x
 am\nts1 ,i believe1 to a concession1 t 

no c]ta9 measures op]at+ f a natural    
pr9ciple are necess>y to produce x1 at  
lea/ s f> z ! brute species is conc]n$4 
,9 ?is argum5t !re are ?ree v palpable  
fallacies3 ! fir/ is ! r\gh application 
( measurem5t to ! heads1 necks1 & limbs1
 )\t obs]v+ ! subtile diff]5ces (       
proportion & position ( p>ts 9 ! memb]s 
!mselves1 = x w\ld be /range if !       
diff]5t adju/m5t ( ! e>s & br[ 9 ! dog &
 horse1 did n require a h>moniz+        
diff]5ce ( adju/m5t 9 ! head & neck4 ,! 
second fallacy is t above specifi$1 !   
supposition t proportion _c be beautiful
 if susceptible ( v>iation1 :]eas ! :ole
 mean+ ( ! t]m has ref]5ce to ! adju/m5t
 & functional correspond5ce ( inf9itely 
v>iable quantities4 ,& ! ?ird error is !
 ov]sight ( ! v important fact1 t1      
al?\gh diff]5t & ev5 contr>y =ms &      
dispositions are consi/5t ) beauty1 !y  
are by no means consi/5t ) equal degrees
 ( beauty1 s t1 :ile we f9d 9 all !     
pres5ce ( su* proportion & h>mony ( =m1 
z gifts !m ) positive agreeabl5ess      

consi/5t ) ! /ation & dignity ( ea*1 we 
p]ceive1 also1 su* sup]iority (         
proportion 9 "s 7z ! horse1 eagle1 lion1
 & man = in/ance7 z may be/ be 9 h>mony 
) ! nobl] functions & m exalt$ p[]s ( ! 
animals4   ,sec4 #ae4 ,con/ructive      
proportion4 ,its influ5ce 9 plants4  ,& 
?is all[$ sup]iority ( "s animal =ms to 
o!rs is1 9 itself argum5t aga9/ ! second
 error above nam$1 t ( attribut+ !      
s5sation ( beauty to ! p]ception (      
exp$i5t or con/ructive proportion4 ,=   
ev]y?+ t ,god has made is equally well  
con/ruct$ ) ref]5ce to its int5d$       
functions4 ,b all ?+s are n equally     
beautiful4 ,! mega!rium is absolutely z 
well proportion$1 ) ! view ( adaptation 
( p>ts to purposes1 z ! horse or ! swan2
 b by no means s h&some z ei!r4 ,! fact 
is1 t ! p]ception ( exp$i5cy (          
proportion c b r>ely affect our e/imates
 ( beauty1 = x implies a k :i* we v     
r>ely & imp]fectly possess1 & ! want (  
:i* we tacitly ackn[l$ge4  ,let u       
consid] t in/ance ( ! proportion ( !    

/alk ( a plant to its head1 giv5 by     
,burke4 ,9 ord] to judge ( ! exp$i5cy ( 
?is proportion1 we mu/ "k1 ,fir/1 !     
scale ( ! plant 7= ! small] ! scale1 !  
long] ! /em may safely be74 ,secondly1 !
 t\ghness ( ! mat]ials ( ! /em & ! mode 
( _! me*anical /ructure4 ,?irdly1 !     
specific gravity ( ! head4 ,f\r?ly1 !   
position ( ! head :i* ! nature (        
fructification requires4 ,fif?ly1 !     
accid5ts & influ5ces to :i* ! situation 
= :i* ! plant 0 creat$ is expos$4 ,until
 we "k all ?is1 we _c say t proportion  
or disproportion exi/s1 & because we _c 
"k all ?is1 ! idea ( exp$i5t proportion 
ent]s b slightly into our impression (  
vegetable beauty1 b r1 s9ce ! exi/5ce ( 
! plant proves t ^! proportions h be5   
obs]v$1 & we "k t no?+ b our own        
ignorance prev5ts u f p]ceiv+ !m1 we    
take ! proportion on cr$it1 & are       
delight$ by ! v>iety ( results :i* !    
,div9e intellig5ce has atta9$ 9 ! v>i\s 
involutions ( ^! quantities1 & p]haps   
mo/ :51 to outw>d appe>ance1 su*        

proportions h be5 violat$2 m by !       
sl5d]ness ( ! campanula ?an ! security (
 ! p9e4   ,sec4 #af4 ,& animals4  ,:at  
is obscure 9 plants1 is utt]ly          
incompreh5sible 9 animals1 ow+ to !     
great] numb] ( means employ$ & functions
 p]=m$4 ,to judge ( exp$i5t proportion 9
 !m1 we mu/ "k all t ea* memb] has to d1
 all its bones1 all its muscles1 & !    
am\nt ( n]v\s en]gy communicable to !m2 
& yet1 =asmu* z we h m exp]i5ce &       
in/9ctive s5se ( ! /r5g? ( muscles ?an (
 wood1 & m practical k ( ! use ( a head 
or a foot ?an ( a fl[] or a /em1 we are 
mu* m likely to presume ^u our judgm5t  
respect+ proportions "h1 we are v apt to
 ass]t t ! plesiosaurus & camelop>d h   
necks too long1 t ! turnspit has legs   
too %ort1 & ! elephant a body too       
pond]\s4  ,b ! pa9fulness aris+ f ! idea
 ( ?is be+ ! case is occasion$ p>tly by 
our sympa?y ) ! animal1 p>tly by our    
false appreh5sion ( incompletion 9 !    
,div9e "w1#ba nor 9 ei!r case has x any 
connection ) impressions ( t typical    

beauty ( :i* we are at pres5t speak+2   
?\gh "s1 p]haps1 ) t vital beauty :i* w 
h]eaft] come "u discussion4   ,sec4 #ag4
 ,summ>y4  ,i wi% !re=e ! read] to hold1
 respect+ proportion g5]ally4 ,fir/1 ,t 
app>5t proportion1 or ! melodi\s        
connection ( quantities1 is a cause (   
unity1 & !re=e "o ( ! s\rces ( all      
beautiful =m4 ,secondly1 ,t con/ructive 
proportion is agreeable to ! m9d :5 x is
 kn[n or suppos$1 & t its seem+ abs5ce  
is pa9ful 9 a l degree1 b t ?is pleasure
 & pa9 h no?+ 9 common ) ^? dep5d5t on  
ideas ( beauty4  ,f>!r illu/rations ( ! 
value ( unity ,i %all res]ve = our      
detail$ exam9ation1 z ! br++ !m =w>d "h 
w\ld int]f]e ) ! g5]al idea ( !         
subject-matt] ( ! !oretic faculty :i* ,i
 wi% succ9ctly to convey4   ,,footnotes 
#ad ,comp>e ,*ap4 ix4 ,sec4 #e1 note4   
#ae ,sp5s]'s v>i\s =e/ is ! ,=e/ (      
,error4    #af ,x mu/ be matt] ( no     
small wond]m5t to practical m5 to       
obs]ve h[ grossly ! nature & connection 
( unity & v>iety     h be5 misund]/ood &

 mis/at$1 by ^? writ]s ^u ta/e1     :o h
 be5 guid$ by no exp]i5ce ( art2 mo/    
s+ul>ly     p]haps by ,mr4 ,alison1 :o1 
conf\nd+ unity ) uni=mity1 &     lead+ 8
 read]s ?r\gh ?irty pages ( discussion  
respect+     uni=mity & v>iety1 !       
intelligibility ( :i* is n by any       
means increas$ by 8 suppos+ uni=mity to 
be capable (     exi/5ce 9 s+le ?+s2 at 
la/ sub/itutes = ^! two t]ms1           
suffici5tly contradictory already1 ^? ( 
simil>ity &     dissimil>ity1 !         
reconciliation ( :i* opposites 9 "o ?+  
we     mu/1 ,i believe1 leave ,mr4      
,alison to accompli%4    #ag ,greek3    
,kai to tauta pratte9 pollakis h$y2--to 
g> syne!s     h$y en2 kai to metaballe9 
h$y2 eis phys9 g> gignetai              
metaballe94--,ari/4 ,rhet4 ,i4 ,,ii4    
#bj4    #ah ,fra ,angelico's fresco1 9 a
 cell ( ! upp] cloi/]4 ,he     treat$ ! 
subject frequ5tly4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic    
example     occurs 9 ! ,vita di ,*ri/o (
 ! ,academy1 a s]ies n[     un=tunately 
de/roy$ by ! picture clean]s4 ,simon    

,memmi 9     ,santa ,m>ia ,novella      
7,*apelle des ,espagnols7 has giv5 ano!r
 v     beautiful in/ance4 ,9 ,giotto !  
pr9ciple is univ]sal1 ?\gh 8            
multitudes are some:at m dramatically & 
p[]fully v>i$ 9     ge/ure ?an          
,angelico's4 ,9 ,m9o da ,fiesole's      
alt>-piece 9 !     *ur* ( ,/4 ,ambrogiot
 at ,flor5ce1 close by ,cosimo          
,rosselli's     fresco1 !re is a        
beautiful example 9 m>ble4    #ai ,!    
,pr$ella ( ! picture beh9d ! alt>4      
#bj ,x seems nev] to h be5 rightly      
und]/ood1 ev5 by !     m intellig5t     
among our ar*itects1 t proportion is 9  
any way     connect$ ) positive size2 x 
seems to be held among !m t a     small 
build+ may be exp&$ to a l>ge "o m]ely  
by     proportionally exp&+ all its     
p>ts3 & t ! h>mony w be     equally     
agreeable on :atev] scale x be r5d]$4   
,n[ ?is is true     ( app>5t proportion1
 b utt]ly false ( con/ructive2 &1 z     
mu* ( ! value ( ar*itectural proportion 
is con/ructive1 !     error is (t5      

productive ( ! mo/ pa9ful results4 ,x   
may be     be/ illu/rat$ by obs]v+ !    
conditions ( proportion 9     animals4  
,_m p]sons h ?\ghtlessly claim$         
admiration = !     /r5g?--suppos$       
gigantic--( insects & small] animals2   
because     capable ( lift+ weights1    
leap+ di/ances1 & surm\nt+     ob/acles1
 ( proportion app>5tly ov]:elm+4 ,?us ! 
,=mica     ,h]culanea w lift 9 its m\?1 
& br&i% l a baton1 /icks     ?ick] ?an  
itself & six times its l5g?1 all ! :ile 
scrambl+ ov] crags ( ab\t !             
proportionate height ( !     ,cliffs (  
,dov]1 ?ree or f\r 9 a m9ute4 ,!re is   
no?+     extraord9>y 9 ?is1 nor any     
ex]tion ( /r5g? necess>ily     great]   
?an human1 9 proportion to ! size ( !   
body4 ,= x is     evid5t t if ! size &  
/r5g? ( any creature be exp&$ or        
dim9i%$ 9 proportion to ea* o!r1 !      
di/ance ?r\gh :i*     x c leap1 ! "t x c
 ma9ta9 ex]tion1 or any o!r ?ird     t]m
 resultant1 rema9s con/ant2 t is1 dim9i%
 weight ( p[d]     & ( ball             

proportionately1 & ! di/ance c>ri$ is   
con/ant or     ne>ly s4 ,?us1 a         
gras%opp]1 a man1 & a giant #ajj feet   
high1     suppos+ _! muscul> /r5g?      
equally proportion$ to _!     size1 c or
 c\ld all leap1 n proportionate di/ance1
 b !     same or ne>ly ! same           
di/ance--say1 f\r feet ! gras%opp]1 or  
=ty-eight times 8 l5g?2 six feet ! man  
or 8 l5g?     exactly2 t5 feet ! giant  
or ! t5? ( 8 l5g?4 ,h5ce all     small  
animals c1 coet]is p>ibus1 p]=m feats ( 
/r5g?     & agility1 exactly s mu*      
great] ?an ^? to be execut$ by     l>ge 
ones1 z ! animals !mselves are small]2 &
 to enable an     elephant to leap l a  
gras%opp]1 he mu/ be end[$ )     /r5g? a
 million times great] 9 proportion to 8 
size4 ,n[     ! consequ5ce ( ?is g5]al  
me*anical law is1 t z we     increase ! 
scale ( animals1 _! means ( p[]1 :e!r   
muscles     ( motion or bones ( support1
 mu/ be increas$ 9 a m ?an              
proportionate degree1 or !y become      
utt]ly unwieldy1 & incapable     (      

motion2--& !re is a limit to ?is        
increase ( /r5g?4 ,if     ! elephant _h 
legs z long z a spid]'s1 no comb9ation (
     animal matt] t c\ld be hide-b\nd   
w\ld h /r5g? en\gh to     move !m3 to   
support ! mega!rium1 we mu/ h a hum]us a
 foot     9 diamet]1 ?\gh p]haps n m ?an
 two feet long1 & t 9     a v]tical     
position "u him1 :ile ! gnat c hang on !
 w9d[     frame1 & poise himself to /+1 
9 ! middle ( crook$ /ilts     l ?reads2 
/ret*$ out to t5 times ! bread? ( 8 body
 on     ea* side4 ,increase ! size ( !  
mega!rium a little m1 &     no phosphate
 ( lime w be> him2 he w\ld cru% 8 own   
legs to     p[d]4 7,comp>e ,sir ,*>les  
,bell1 ,bridgewat] ,treatise on !       
,h&1 p4 #bif1 & ! note47 ,h5ce !re is n 
only a limit to !     size ( animals1 9 
! conditions ( matt]1 b to _! activity  
also1 ! l>ge/ be+ always lea/ capable ( 
ex]tion2 & ?is     w\ld be ! case to a  
f> great] ext5t1 b t nature             
b5efic5tly alt]s h] proportions z %e    
increases h] scale2     giv+1 z we h    

se51 long legs & enorm\s w+s to ! small]
     tribes1 & %ort & ?ick proportion to
 ! l>g]4 ,s 9     vegetables--comp>e !  
/alk ( an e> ( oat1 & ! trunk ( a       
p9e1 ! me*anical relations be+ 9 bo? !  
same4 ,s also 9     waves1 ( :i* ! l>ge 
nev] c be m]e exagg]ations ( !          
small1 b h diff]5t slopes & curvatures3 
s 9 m\nta9s &     all ?+s else1         
necess>ily1 & f ord9>y me*anical laws4  
,:5ce 9 ar*itecture1 accord+ to ! scale 
( ! build+1 its     proportions mu/ be  
alt]$2 & ,i h no hesitation 9 call+     
t unmean+ exagg]ation ( p>ts 9 ,/4      
,pet]'s1 ( flut+s1     volutes1 friezes1
 etc41 9 ! proportions ( a small]       
build+1 a     vulg> blund]1 & "o t      
de/roys all ! maje/y t !     build+     
ought to h _h--& /ill m ,i %\ld s call  
all     imitations & adaptations ( l>ge 
build+s on a small scale4 ,!     true   
te/ ( "r proportion is t x %all itself  
in=m u (     ! scale ( ! build+1 & be   
su* t ev5 9 a draw+ x     %all in/antly 
induce ! conception ( ! actual size1 or 

size     int5d$4 ,i "k n :at ,fuseli    
means by t aphorism ( 83--              
,disproportion ( p>ts is ! elem5t (     
hug5ess--proportion1 (     gr&eur4 ,all 
,go?ic /yles ( ,ar*itecture are huge4 ,!
 ,greek     alone is gr&4 ,:5 a build+  
is va/1 x ought to look s2 &     !      
proportion is "r :i* exhibits its       
va/ness4 ,nature loses no     size by h]
 proportion2 h] buttress$ m\nta9s h m ( 
,go?ic     ?an ( ,greek 9 !m4    #ba ,= 
! j & sev]e repro( ( :i*1 comp>e ,sir   
,*>les     ,bell1 7on ! h&17 pp4 #ca1   
#cb4                                    
,,*apt] ,,vii4             ,,( ,,repose1
 ,,or ,,! ,,type ,,( ,,div9e ,,p]man5ce4
   ,sec4 #a4 ,univ]sal feel+ respect+ ! 
necessity ( repose 9 art4 ,its          
s\rces4  ,!re is probably no necessity m
 imp]atively felt by ! arti/1 no te/ m  
unfail+ ( ! greatness ( arti/ical       
treatm5t1 ?an t ( ! appe>ance ( repose1 
& yet !re is no quality ^: semblance 9  
m]e matt] is m difficult to def9e or    
illu/rate4 ,nev]!less1 ,i believe t our 

in/9ctive love ( x1 z well z ! cause to 
:i* ,i attribute t love1 7al?\gh "h     
also1 z 9 ! =m] cases1 ,i cont5d n = !  
int]pretation1 b = ! fact17 w be readily
 all[$ by ! read]4 ,z oppos$ to passion1
 *angefulness1 or labori\s ex]tion1     
repose is ! especial & sep>at+          
*>act]i/ic ( ! et]nal m9d & p[]2 x is ! 
,i am ( ! ,creator oppos$ to ! ,i become
 ( all creatures2 x is ! sign alike ( ! 
supreme k :i* is incapable ( surprise1 !
 supreme p[] :i* is incapable ( labor1 !
 supreme volition :i* is incapable (    
*ange2 x is ! /illness ( ! beams ( !    
et]nal *amb]s laid ^u ! v>iable wat]s ( 
m9i/]+ creatures2 & z we saw be=e t !   
inf9ity :i* 0 a type ( ! ,div9e nature  
on ! "o h&1 became yet m desirable on ! 
o!r f its peculi> address to our prison 
hopes1 & to ! expectations ( an         
unsatisfi$ & unaccompli%$ exi/5ce1 s !  
types ( ?is ?ird attribute ( ! ,deity   
might seem to h be5 r5d]$ f>!r          
attractive to mortal in/9ct1 ?r\gh !    
infliction ^u ! fall5 creature ( a curse

 necessitat+ a labor once unnatural &   
/ill mo/ pa9ful1 s t ! desire ( re/     
plant$ 9 ! he>t is no s5sual nor unwor?y
 "o1 b a long+ = r5ovation & = escape f 
a /ate ^: e phase is m]e prep>ation =   
ano!r equally transitory1 to "o 9 :i*   
p]man5ce %all h become possible ?r\gh   
p]fection4 ,h5ce ! great call ( ,*ri/ to
 m51 t call on :i* ,/4 ,augu/9e fix$    
ess5tial expression ( ,*ri/ian hope1 is 
accompani$ by ! promise ( re/2#bb & !   
dea? beque/ ( ,*ri/ to m5 is peace4     
,sec4 #b4 ,repose h[ express$ 9 matt]4  
,repose1 z x is express$ 9 mat]ial ?+s1 
is ei!r a simple appe>ance ( p]man5ce & 
quietness1 z 9 ! massy =ms ( a m\nta9 or
 rock1 accompani$ by ! lull+ effect (   
all mighty sight & s\nd1 :i* all feel & 
none def9e1 7x w\ld be less sacr$ if m  
explicable17 ,greek3 heud\s9 dioreon    
koruphai te kai ph>anges1 or else x is  
repose prop]1 ! re/ ( ?+s 9 :i* !re is  
vitality or capability ( motion actual  
or imag9$2 & ) respect to ^! !          
expression ( repose is great] 9         

proportion to ! am\nt & sublimity ( !   
action :i* is n tak+ place1 z well z to 
! int5sity ( ! negation ( x4 ,?us we    
speak n ( repose 9 a /one1 because !    
motion ( a /one has no?+ 9 x ( en]gy nor
 vitality1 nei!r its repose ( /ability4 
,b hav+ once se5 a great rock come d[n a
 m\nta9 side1 we h a noble s5sation (   
its re/1 n[ b$d$ immovably among ! "u   
f]n1 because ! p[] & fe>fulness ( its   
motion 7 great1 & its /ability &        
negation ( motion are n[ great 9        
proportion4 ,h5ce ! imag9ation1 :i*     
delights 9 no?+ m ?an ! enhanc+ ( !     
*>act]s ( repose1 effects ?is usually by
 ei!r attribut+ to ?+s visibly en]getic 
an ideal /ability1 or to ?+s visibly    
/able an ideal activity or vitality4    
,h5ce ,wordswor?1 ( ! cl\d1 :i* 9 itself
 hav+ too mu* ( *angefulness = 8        
purpose1 is spok5 ( z "o t he>e? n ! l\d
 w9ds :5 !y call1 & move? altoge!r1 if x
 move at all4 ,& aga9 ( *ildr51 :i*1 t x
 may remove f !m ! *ild re/lessness1 !  
imag9ation conceives z root$ fl[]s      

,b5ea? an old gray oak1 z violets1 lie4 
,on ! o!r h&1 ! scatt]$ rocks1 :i* h n1 
z su*1 vitality en\gh = re/1 are gift$ )
 x by ! liv+ image3 !y lie c\*$ ar\nd u 
l a flock ( %eep4   ,sec4 #c4 ,!        
necessity to repose ( an impli$ en]gy4  
,?us1 z we saw t unity dem&$ = its      
expression :at at fir/ might h seem$ its
 contr>y 7v>iety7 s repose dem&s = its  
expression ! impli$ capability ( its    
opposite1 en]gy1 & ?is ev5 9 its l[]    
manife/ations1 9 rocks & /ones & trees4 
,by comp>+ ! modes 9 :i* ! m9d is       
dispos$ to reg>d ! b\ghs ( a fair &     
vigor\s tree1 motionless 9 ! summ] air1 
) ! effect produc$ by "o ( ^! same b\ghs
 hewn squ>e & us$ = ?re%old or l9tel1 ! 
read] w at once p]ceive ! connection (  
vitality ) repose1 & ! "p !y bo? be> 9  
beauty4   ,sec4 #d4 ,m5tal repose1 h[   
noble4  ,b t :i* 9 lifeless ?+s ennobles
 !m by seem+ to indicate life1 ennobles 
high] creatures by indicat+ ! exaltation
 ( _! e>?ly vitality into a ,div9e      
vitality2 & rais+ ! life ( s5se into !  

life ( fai?--fai?1 :e!r we receive x 9 !
 s5se ( adh]5ce to resolution1 ob$i5ce  
to law1 reg>dfulness ( promise1 9 :i* f 
all "t x has be5 ! te/ z ! %ield ( !    
true be+ & life ( man1 or 9 ! /ill high]
 s5se ( tru/fulness 9 ! pres5ce1        
k9dness1 & ^w ( ,god2 9 :i* =m x has be5
 exhibit$ "u ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation4 ,= 
:e!r 9 "o or o!r =m1 :e!r ! fai?fulness 
( m5 ^: pa? is *os5 & portion fix$1 9 ! 
foll[+ & receiv+ ( t pa? & portion1 z 9 
! ,!rmopylae camp2 or ! happi]          
fai?fulness ( *ildr5 9 ! good giv+ ( _! 
,fa!r1 & ( subjects 9 ! conduct ( _! k+1
 z 9 ! ,/& /ill & see ! salvation ( ,god
 ( ! ,r$ ,sea %ore1 !re is re/ &        
peacefulness1 ! /&+ /ill 9 bo?1 !       
quietness ( action det]m9$1 ( _s        
unal>m$1 ( expectation unimpati5t3      
beautiful1 ev5 :5 bas$ only z ( old1 on 
! self-comm& & self-possession1 !       
p]si/5t dignity or ! uncalculat+ love ( 
! creature1#bc b m beautiful yet :5 !   
re/ is "o ( humility in/ead ( pride1 & !
 tru/ no m 9 ! resolution we h tak51 b 9

 ! h& we hold4   ,sec4 #e4 ,its univ]sal
 value z a te/ ( art4  ,h5ce ,i ?9k t   
!re is no desire m int5se or m exalt$   
?an t :i* exi/s 9 all rightly discipl9$ 
m9ds = ! evid5ces ( repose 9 ext]nal    
signs1 & :at ,i cauti\sly said respect+ 
inf9ity1 ,i say fe>lessly respect+      
repose1 t no "w ( art c be great )\t x1 
& t all art is great 9 proportion to !  
appe>ance ( x4 ,x is ! mo/ unfail+ te/ (
 beauty1 :e!r ( matt] or ( motion1 no?+ 
c be ignoble t possesses x1 no?+ "r t   
has x n1 & 9 /rict proportion to its    
appe>ance 9 ! "w is ! maje/y ( m9d to be
 inf]r$ 9 ! artific]4 ,)\t reg>d to o!r 
qualities1 we may look to ?is = our     
evid5ce1 & by ! se>* = ?is alone we may 
be l$ to ! rejection ( all t is base1 & 
! accept+ ( all t is good & great1 = !  
pa?s ( wisdom are all peace4 ,we %all   
see by ?is light ?ree colossal images   
/&+ up side by side1 loom+ 9 _! great   
re/ ( spirituality above ! :ole _w      
horizon1 ,phidias1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 &   
,dante2 & !n1 sep>at$ f _! great        

religi\s ?rones only by less fulness &  
e>ne/ness ( ,fai?1 ,hom]1 & ,%akspe>e2 &
 f ^! we may g d[n /ep by /ep among !   
mighty m5 ( e age1 securely & c]ta9ly   
obs]vant ( dim9i%$ lu/re 9 e appe>ance (
 re/lessness & ef=t1 until ! la/ trace (
 true inspiration vani%es 9 ! tott]+    
affectations or ! tortur$ insanities (  
mod]n times4 ,!re is no art1 no pursuit1
 :atsoev]1 b its results may be class$  
by ?is te/ alone2 ev]y?+ ( evil is      
betray$ & w9n[$ away by x1 glitt] &     
confusion & gl>e ( color1 inconsi/5cy or
 abs5ce ( ?\ght1 =c$ expression1 evil   
*oice ( subject1 ov] accumulation (     
mat]ials1 :e!r 9 pa9t+ or lit]ature1 !  
%all[ & unreflect+ no?+ness ( ! ,engli% 
s*ools ( art1 ! /ra9$ & disgu/+ horrors 
( ! ,fr5*1 ! di/ort$ fev]i%ness ( !     
,g]man3--pret5ce1 ov] decoration1 ov]   
division ( p>ts 9 ar*itecture1 & aga9 9 
music1 9 act+1 9 danc+1 9 :atsoev] art1 
great or mean1 !re are yet degrees (    
greatness or meanness entirely dep5d5t  
on ?is s+le quality ( repose4   ,sec4   

#f4 ,in/ances 9 ! ,laocoon & ,!seus4    
,p>ticul> in/ances are at pres5t bo?    
ne$less & _c b be inadequate2 ne$less1  
because ,i suppose t e read]1 h[ev]     
limit$ 8 exp]i5ce ( art1 c supply _m =  
himself1 & inadequate1 because no numb] 
( !m c\ld illu/rate ! full ext5t ( !    
influ5ce ( ! expression4 ,i believe1    
h[ev]1 t by comp>+ ! disgu/+ convulsions
 ( ! ,laocoon1 ) ! ,elg9 ,!seus1 we may 
obta9 a g5]al idea ( ! effect ( !       
influ5ce1 z %[n by its abs5ce 9 "o1 &   
pres5ce 9 ! o!r1 ( two works :i*1 z f> z
 arti/ical m]it is conc]n$1 are 9 "s    
measure p>allel1 n t ,i believe1 ev5 9  
?is respect1 ! ,laocoon ju/ifiably      
comp>able ) ! ,!seus4 ,i suppose t no   
gr\p has ex]cis$ s p]nici\s an influ5ce 
on art z ?is1 a subject ill *os51 meanly
 conceiv$ & unnaturally treat$1         
recomm5d$ to imitation by subtleties (  
execution & accumulation ( te*nical     
k4#bd   ,sec4 #g4 ,& 9 alt> tombs4  ,9  
,*ri/ian art1 x w\ld be well to comp>e !
 feel+ ( ! f9] among ! alt> tombs ( !   

middle ages1 ) any monum5tal works aft] 
,mi*ael ,angelo1 p]haps m especially )  
works ( ,r\billiac or ,canova4  ,9 !    
,ca!dral ( ,lucca1 ne> ! entrance door (
 ! nor? transept1 !re is a monum5t (    
,jacopo della ,qu]cia's to ,il>ia di    
,c>etto1 ! wife ( ,paolo ,gu9igi4 ,i "n 
x n z m beautiful or p]fect ?an o!r     
examples ( ! same p]iod1 b z furni%+ an 
in/ance ( ! exact & "r mean betwe5 !    
rigidity & rud5ess ( ! e>li] monum5tal  
effigies1 & ! morbid imitation ( life1  
sleep1 or dea?1 ( :i* ! fa%ion has tak5 
place 9 mod]n times4#be ,%e is ly+ on a 
simple c\*1 ) a h\nd at h] feet1 n on ! 
side1 b ) ! head laid /raight & simply  
on ! h>d pill[1 9 :i*1 let x be obs]v$1 
!re is no ef=t at deceptive imitation ( 
pressure4 ,x is und]/ood z a pill[1 b n 
mi/ak5 = "o4 ,! hair is b\nd 9 a flat   
braid ov] ! fair br[1 ! sweet & ar*$    
eyes are clos$1 ! t5d]ness ( ! lov+ lips
 is set & quiet1 !re is t ab\t !m :i*   
=bids brea?1 some?+ :i* is n dea? nor   
sleep1 b ! pure image ( bo?4 ,! h&s are 

n lift$ 9 pray]1 nei!r fold$1 b ! arms  
are laid at l5g? ^u ! body1 & ! h&s     
cross z !y fall4 ,! feet are hidd5 by ! 
drap]y1 & ! =ms ( ! limbs conceal$1 b n 
_! t5d]ness4  ,if any ( u1 aft] /ay+ = a
 "t beside ?is tomb1 c\ld see ?r\gh 8   
te>s1 "o ( ! va9 & unk9d encumbrances ( 
! grave1 :i*1 9 ^! holl[ & he>tless     
days1 feign$ sorr[ builds to fooli%     
pride1 he w\ld1 ,i believe1 receive su* 
a lesson ( love z no coldness c\ld      
refuse1 no fatuity =get1 & no insol5ce  
disobey4   ,,footnotes    #bb ,matt4 xi4
 #bh4    #bc         ,! univ]sal in/9ct 
( repose1                 ,! long+ =    
confirm$ tranquillity                   
,inw>d & outw>d1 humble1 yet sublime4   
,! life :]e hope & memory are z "o4     
,e>? quiet & un*ang$2 ! human s\l       
,consi/5t 9 self-rule2 & heav5 reveal$  
,to m$itation1 9 t quietness4           
,,wordswor?4 ,excursion1 ,book iii4     
,b comp>e c>efully 7= ?is is put into ! 
m\? ( "o     diseas$ 9 ?\ght & err+ 9   
seek+7 ! op5+ ( ! n9?     book2 & obs]ve

 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! mildew (           
inaction1--! slumb] ( ,dea?2 & !        
,pati5ce ( ! ,sa9ts--!     ,re/ ( !     
,sabba? ,et]nal4 7,rev4 xiv4 #ac47      
,comp>e also1 ,*ap4 ,i4 ,sec4 #f4    #bd
 ,i w\ld also h ! read] comp>e ) !      
meagre l9es &     contemptible tortures 
( ! ,laocoon1 ! awfulness & quietness ( 
,m4 ,angelo's treatm5t ( a subject 9 mo/
 respects simil>1 7!     plague ( !     
,fi]y ,s]p5ts17 b ( :i* ! *oice 0       
ju/ifi$     bo? by ! place :i* ! ev5t   
holds 9 ! typical sy/em he _h     to    
arrange1 & by ! gr&eur ( ! plague       
itself1 9 its     multitud9\s grasp1 &  
its my/ical salvation2 s\rces (         
sublimity entirely want+ to ! slaught] (
 ! ,d>dan prie/4 ,x     is good to see  
h[ 8 gigantic intellect rea*es aft]     
repose1 &     tru?fully f9ds x1 9 !     
fall+ h& ( ! ne> figure1 & 9     !      
dea?ful decl9e ( t ^: h&s are held up   
ev5 9 _!     v5om coldness to ! cross2 &
 ?\gh irrelevant to our pres5t          
purpose1 x is well also to note h[ !    

gr&eur ( ?is treatm5t     results1 n    
m]ely f *oice1 b f a great] k &     m   
fai?ful r5d]+ ( tru?4 ,= :atev] k ( !   
human frame !re may be 9 ! ,laocoon1 !re
 is c]ta9ly none (     ! habits (       
s]p5ts4 ,! fix+ ( ! snake's head 9 !    
side     ( ! pr9cipal figure is z false 
to nature1 z x is poor 9     composition
 ( l9e4 ,a l>ge s]p5t nev] wants to     
bite1 x wants     to hold1 x seizes     
!re=e always :]e x c hold be/1 by !     
extremities1 or ?roat1 x seizes once &  
=ev]1 & t be=e     x coils1 foll[+ up ! 
seizure ) ! twi/ ( its body r\nd     !  
victim1 z invisibly swift z ! twi/ ( a  
:ip la% r\nd any     h>d object x may   
/rike1 & !n x holds fa/1 nev] mov+ !    
jaws or ! body1 if its prey has any p[] 
( /ruggl+ left1 x     ?r[s r\nd ano!r   
coil1 )\t quitt+ ! hold ) ! jaws2     if
 ,laocoon _h _h to d ) real s]p5ts1     
in/ead ( pieces (     tape ) heads to   
!m1 he w\ld h be5 held /ill1 & n        
all[$ to ?r[ 8 arms or legs ab\t4 ,x is 
mo/ in/ructive to     obs]ve ! accuracy 

( ,mi*ael ,angelo 9 ! r5d]+ ( ^!        
circum/ances2 ! b9d+ ( ! arms to ! body1
 & ! knott+     ( ! :ole mass ( agony   
toge!r1 until we he> ! cra%+ (     !    
bones b5ea? ! grisly slid+ ( ! eng9e    
folds4 ,note also     ! expression 9 all
 ! figures ( ano!r circum/ance1 !       
torpor & cold numbness ( ! limbs induc$ 
by ! s]p5t v5om1     :i*1 ?\gh          
ju/ifiably ov]look$ by ! sculptor ( !   
,laocoon1     z well z by ,virgil--9    
consid]ation ( ! rapidity ( ! dea?      
by cru%+1 adds inf9itely to ! p[] ( !   
,flor5t9e's     conception1 & w\ld h be5
 bett] h9t$ by ,virgil1 ?an t     sick5+
 di/ribution ( v5om on ! g>l&s4 ,9 fact1
 ,virgil has     miss$ bo? ( tru? &     
impressiv5ess e way--! morsu            
depascitur is unnatural but*]y--!       
p]fusus v55o gratuit\s     f\lness--!   
clamores horr5dos1 impossible           
degradation2 comp>e     c>efully !      
rem>ks on ?is /atue 9 ,sir ,*>les       
,bell's ,essay on     ,expression1 7?ird
 edition1 p4 #aib7 :]e he has mo/ wisely

 &     uncontrov]tibly depriv$ ! /atue (
 all claim to expression (     en]gy &  
=titude ( m9d1 & %[n its common & co>se 
int5t     ( m]e bodily ex]tion & agony1 
:ile he has confirm$ ,payne             
,knight's j condemnation ( ! passage 9  
,virgil4      ,if ! read] wi%es to see !
 opposite or imag9ative view ( !        
subject1 let him comp>e ,w9kelmann2 &   
,s*ill]1 ,lett]s on     ,ae/hetic       
,culture4    #be ,:5ev]1 9 monum5tal "w1
 ! sculptor rea*es a deceptive          
appe>ance ( life or dea?1 or (          
concomitant details1 he has gone     too
 f>4 ,! /atue %\ld be felt = su*1 n look
 l a dead or     sleep+ body2 x %\ld n  
convey ! impression ( a corpse1 nor     
( sick & outwe>i$ fle%1 b x %\ld be !   
m>ble image (     dea? or we>9ess4 ,s ! 
concomitants %\ld be di/9ctly m>ble1    
sev]e & monum5tal 9 _! l9es1 n %r\d1 n  
b$clo!s1     n actual armor nor brocade1
 n a real s(t pill[1 n a     d[nright   
h>d /uff$ mattress1 b ! m]e type &      
sugge/ion (     ^!3 a c]ta9 rud5ess &   

incompletion ( f9i% is v noble     9    
all4 ,n t !y are to be unnatural1 su*   
l9es z are giv5     %\ld be pure & true1
 & cle> ( ! h>dness & mann]$            
rigidity ( ! /rictly ,go?ic types1 b    
l9es s few & gr& z     to appeal to !   
imag9ation only1 & always to /op %ort ( 
realization4 ,!re is a monum5t put up   
lately by a mod]n ,italian     sculptor 
9 "o ( ! side *apels ( ,santa ,croce1 ! 
face f9e     & ! execution dext]\s4 ,b x
 looks z if ! p]son _h be5     re/less  
all night1 & ! arti/ admitt$ to a       
fai?ful /udy (     ! di/urb$ b$clo!s 9 !
 morn+4                                 
,,*apt] ,,viii4                   ,,(   
,,symmetry1 ,,or ,,! ,,type ,,( ,,div9e 
,,ju/ice4   ,sec4 #a4 ,symmetry1 :at &  
h[ f\nd 9 organic nature4  ,sec4 #b4 ,h[
 necess>y 9 art4  ,we %all n be long    
deta9$ by ! consid]ation ( ?is1 ! f\r?  
con/itu5t ( beauty1 z its nature is     
univ]sally felt & und]/ood4 ,9 all      
p]fectly beautiful objects1 !re is f\nd 
! opposition ( "o "p to ano!r & a       

reciprocal balance obta9$2 9 animals !  
balance be+ commonly betwe5 opposite    
sides1 7note ! disagreeabl5ess occasion$
 by ! exception 9 flat fi%1 hav+ ! eyes 
on "o side ( ! head17 b 9 vegetables !  
opposition is less di/9ct1 z 9 ! b\ghs  
on opposite sides ( trees1 & ! leaves & 
sprays on ea* side ( ! b\ghs1 & 9 dead  
matt] less p]fect /ill1 (t5 am\nt+ only 
to a c]ta9 t5d5cy t[>ds a balance1 z 9 !
 opposite sides ( valleys & alt]nate    
w9d+s ( /reams4 ,9 ?+s 9 :i* p]fect     
symmetry is f _! nature impossible or   
improp]1 a balance mu/ be at lea/ 9 "s  
measure express$ be=e !y c be beheld )  
pleasure4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( :at arti/s
 require z oppos+ l9es or masses 9      
composition1 ! propriety ( :i*1 z well z
 _! value1 dep5ds *iefly on _!          
in>tificial & natural inv5tion4         
,absolute equality is n requir$1 /ill   
less absolute simil>ity4 ,a mass (      
subdu$ color may be balanc$ by a po9t ( 
a p[]ful "o1 & a long & lat5t l9e       
ov]p[]$ by a %ort & conspicu\s "o4 ,!   

only error aga9/ :i* x is necess>y to   
gu>d ! read] ) respect to symmetry1 is !
 conf\nd+ x ) proportion1 ?\gh x seems  
/range t ! two t]ms c\ld ev] h be5 us$ z
 synonym\s4 ,symmetry is ! opposition ( 
equal quantities to ea* o!r4 ,proportion
 ! connection ( unequal quantities ) ea*
 o!r4 ,! prop]ty ( a tree 9 s5d+ out    
equal b\ghs on opposite sides is        
symmetrical4 ,its s5d+ out %ort] &      
small] t[>ds ! top1 proportional4 ,9 !  
human face its balance ( opposite sides 
is symmetry1 its division upw>ds1       
proportion4  ,illu/ration3 ,,tomb ,,(   
,,! ,,il>ia ,,di ,,c>etto1 ,,lucca4 ,f a
 photograph4   ,sec4 #c4 ,to :at its    
agreeabl5ess is ref]able4 ,v>i\s        
in/ances4  ,sec4 #d4 ,especially 9      
religi\s art4  ,:e!r ! agreeabl5ess (   
symmetry be 9 any way ref]able to its   
expression ( ! ,ari/otelian ,greek3     
isotes1 t is to say ( ab/ract ju/ice1 ,i
 leave ! read] to det]m9e2 ,i only ass]t
 respect+ x1 t x is necess>y to !       
dignity ( e =m1 & t by ! removal ( x we 

%all r5d] ! o!r elem5ts ( beauty        
comp>atively ineffectual3 ?\gh1 on ! o!r
 h&1 x is to be obs]v$ t x is r a mode (
 arrangem5t ( qualities ?an a quality   
itself2 & h5ce symmetry has little p[]  
ov] ! m9d1 unless all ! o!r con/itu5ts (
 beauty be f\nd toge!r ) x4 ,a =m may be
 symmetrical & ugly1 z _m ,elizabe?an   
ornam5ts1 & yet n s ugly z x _h be5 if  
unsymmetrical1 b bett]$ always by       
increas+ degrees ( symmetry2 z 9 />     
figures1 :]e9 !re is a circul> symmetry 
( _m l memb]s1 :5ce _! frequ5t use = !  
plan & gr\nd ( ornam5tal designs2 s also
 x is obs]vable t foliage 9 :i* ! leaves
 are conc5trically gr\p$1 z 9 ! *e/nuts1
 & _m %rubs--rhodod5drons =             
in/ance--7:5ce ! p]fect beauty ( !      
,alp9e rose7--is f> nobl] 9 its effect  
?an any o!r1 s t ! sweet *e/nut ( all   
trees mo/ fondly & frequ5tly occurs 9 ! 
l&scape ( ,t9toret & ,titian1 beside :i*
 all o!r l&scape gr&eur vani%es3 & ev5 9
 ! meane/ ?+s ! rule holds1 z 9 !       
kaleidoscope1 :]e9 agreeabl5ess is giv5 

to =ms altoge!r accid5tal m]ely by _!   
repetition & reciprocal opposition2 :i* 
ord]ly balance & arrangem5t are ess5tial
 to ! p]fect op]ation ( ! m e>ne/ &     
solemn qualities ( ! beautiful1 z be+   
heav5ly 9 _! nature1 & contr>y to !     
viol5ce & disorganization ( s91 s t !   
seek+ ( !m & submission to !m is always 
m>k$ 9 m9ds t h be5 subject$ to high    
moral discipl9e1 con/ant 9 all ! great  
religi\s pa9t]s1 to ! degree ( be+ an   
(f5ce & a scorn to m5 ( less tun$ &     
tranquil feel+4 ,equal ranks ( sa9ts are
 plac$ on ea* side ( ! picture1 if !re  
be a kneel+ figure on "o side1 !re is a 
correspond+ "o on ! o!r1 ! att5dant     
angels b5ea? & above are arrang$ 9 l    
ord]4 ,! ,raffaelle at ,bl5heim1 !      
,madonna di ,/4 ,si/o1 ! ,/4 ,cicilia1 &
 all ! works ( ,p]ug9o1 ,francia1 &     
,john ,bell9i pres5t "s su* =m1 & !     
balance at lea/ is pres]v$ ev5 9        
pictures ( action necessitat+ v>iety (  
gr\p+1 z always by ,giotto2 & by        
,ghirl&ajo 9 ! introduction ( 8 *orus-l 

side figures1 & by ,t9toret mo/ em95tly 
9 8 noble/ "w1 ! ,crucifixion1 :]e n    
only ! gr\p+ b ! arrangem5t ( light is  
absolutely symmetrical4 ,:]e !re is no  
symmetry1 ! effects ( passion & viol5ce 
are increas$1 & _m v sublime pictures   
d]ive _! sublimity f ! want ( x1 b !y   
lose proportionally 9 ! div9] quality ( 
beauty4 ,9 l&scape ! same s5se (        
symmetry is pres]v$1 z we %all pres5tly 
see1 ev5 to artificialness1 by ! greate/
 m51 & x is "o ( ! pr9cipal s\rces (    
defici5t feel+ 9 ! l&scapes ( ! pres5t  
day1 t ! symmetry ( nature is sacrific$ 
to irregul> picturesqu5ess4 ,( ?is1     
h[ev]1 h]eaft]4                         
,,*apt] ,,ix4                    ,,(    
,,purity1 ,,or ,,! ,,type ,,( ,,div9e   
,,en]gy4   ,sec4 #a4 ,! influ5ce ( light
 z a sacr$ symbol4  ,x may at fir/ appe>
 /range t ,i h n 9 my enum]ation ( !    
types ( ,div9e attributes1 includ$ t :i*
 is c]ta9ly ! mo/ visible & evid5t (    
all1 z well z ! mo/ di/9ctly express$ 9 
,scripture2 ,god is light1 & 9 ,him is  

no d>kness at all4 ,b ,i c\ld n         
logically class ! pres5ce ( an actual   
sub/ance or motion ) m]e conditions &   
modes ( be+1 nei!r c\ld ,i logically    
sep>ate f any ( ^!1 t :i* is evid5tly   
necess>y to ! p]ception ( all4 ,& x is  
also to be obs]v$1 t ?\gh ! love ( light
 is m in/9ctive 9 ! human he>t ?an any  
o!r ( ! desires connect$ ) beauty1 we c 
h>dly sep>ate its agreeabl5ess 9 its own
 nature f ! s5se ( its necessity & value
 = ! purposes ( life1 nei!r ! ab/ract   
pa9fulness ( d>kness f ! s5se ( dang] & 
incapacity connect$ ) x2 & note also t x
 is n all light1 b light possess+ !     
univ]sal qualities ( beauty1 diffus$ or 
inf9ite r ?an 9 po9ts1 tranquil1 n />tl+
 & v>iable1 pure1 n sulli$ or oppress$1 
:i* is inde$ pleasant & p]fectly typical
 ( ! ,div9e nature4   ,sec4 #b4 ,! idea 
( purity connect$ ) x4  ,obs]ve1 h[ev]1 
t !re is "o quality1 ! idea ( :i* _h be5
 j introduc$ 9 connection ) light1 :i*  
might h escap$ u 9 ! consid]ation ( m]e 
matt]1 namely purity1 & yet ,i ?9k t !  

orig9al notion ( ?is quality is altoge!r
 mat]ial1 & has only be5 attribut$ to   
color :5 su* color is sugge/ive ( !     
condition ( matt] f :i* we orig9ally    
receiv$ ! idea4 ,= ,i see n 9 ! ab/ract 
h[ "o color %\ld be consid]$ pur] ?an   
ano!r1 except z m or less comp\nd$1     
:]eas !re is c]ta9ly a s5se ( purity or 
impurity 9 ! mo/ comp\nd & neutral      
colors1 z well z 9 ! simple/1 a quality 
difficult to def9e1 & :i* ! read] w     
probably be surpris$ by my call+ ! type 
( en]gy1 ) :i* x has c]ta9ly little     
traceable connection 9 ! m9d4   ,sec4   
#c4 ,orig9ally d]iv$ f conditions (     
matt]4  ,sec4 #d4 ,associat$ ideas add+ 
to ! p[] ( ! impression4 ,influ5ce      
( cle>ness4  ,sec4 #e4 ,p]fect beauty ( 
surface1 9 :at consi/+4  ,i believe     
h[ev] if we c>efully analyze ! nature ( 
our ideas ( impurity 9 g5]al1 we %all   
f9d !m ref] especially to conditions (  
matt] 9 :i* its v>i\s elem5ts are plac$ 
9 a relation incapable ( heal?y or prop]
 op]ation2 & mo/ di/9ctly to conditions 

9 :i* ! negation ( vital or en]getic    
action is mo/ evid5t1 z 9 corruption &  
decay ( all k9ds1 :]e9 p>ticles :i*     
once1 by _! op]ation on ea* o!r1 produc$
 a liv+ & en]getic :ole1 are r$uc$ to a 
condition ( p]fect passiv5ess1 9 :i* !y 
are seiz$ ^u & appropriat$1 "o by "o1   
piecemeal1 by :atev] has ne$ ( !m1 )\t  
any p[] ( resi/ance or en]gy ( _! own4  
,& ?us !re is a peculi> pa9fulness      
atta*$ to any associations ( inorganic )
 organic matt]1 su* z appe> to involve !
 inactivity & feebl5ess ( ! latt]1 s t  
?+s :i* are n felt to be f\l 9 _! own   
nature1 yet become s 9 association ) ?+s
 ( great] inh]5t en]gy2 z du/ or e>?1   
:i* 9 a mass excites no pa9ful s5sation1
 excites a mo/ disagreeable "o :5 /rew+ 
or /a9+ an animal's sk91 because x      
implies a decl9e & dead5+ ( ! vital &   
heal?y p[] ( ! sk94 ,b all reason+ ab\t 
?is impression is r5d]$ difficult1 by ! 
ho/ ( associat$ ideas connect$ ) x2 = ! 
ocul> s5se ( impurity connect$ )        
corruption is inf9itely enhanc$ by !    

(f5d+ ( o!r s5ses & by ! grief & horror 
( x 9 its own nature1 z ! special       
puni%m5t & evid5ce ( s91 & on ! o!r h&1 
! ocul> delight 9 purity is m+l$1 z ,i  
be=e obs]v$1 ) ! love ( ! m]e elem5t (  
light1 z a type ( wisdom & ( tru?2 :5ce 
x seems to me t we admire ! transp>5cy (
 bodies1 ?\gh probably x is /ill r ow+  
to our s5se ( m p]fect ord] & arrangem5t
 ( p>ticles1 & n to our love ( light1 t 
we look ^u a piece ( rock cry/al z pur] 
?an a piece ( m>ble1 & on ! m>ble z pur]
 ?an a piece ( *alk4 ,& let x be obs]v$ 
also t ! mo/ lovely objects 9 nature are
 only p>tially transp>5t4 ,i suppose !  
utmo/ possible s5se ( beauty is convey$ 
by a feebly transluc5t1 smoo?1 b n      
lu/r\s surface ( :ite1 & pale w>m r$1   
subdu$ by ! mo/ pure & delicate grays1 z
 9 ! f9] portions ( ! human frame2 9    
wrea?s ( sn[1 & 9 :ite plumage "u rose  
light1#bf s ,viola ( ,olivia 9 ,twelf?  
,night1 & ,hom] ( ,atrides w\nd$4#bg ,& 
,i ?9k t transp>5cy & lu/re1 bo?        
beautiful 9 !mselves1 are incompatible )

 ! highe/ beauty because !y de/roy =m1  
on ! full p]ception ( :i* m ( ! div9ely 
"* ( ! object dep5ds ?an ^u its color4  
,h5ce1 9 ! beauty ( sn[ & ( fle%1 s mu* 
transluc5cy is all[$ z is consi/5t ) !  
full explanation ( ! =ms1 :ile we are   
suff]$ to receive m int5se impressions (
 light & transp>5cy f o!r objects :i*1  
nev]!less1 ow+ to _! necess>ily         
unp]ceiv$ =m1 are n p]fectly nor        
affect+ly beautiful4 ,a fair =ehead     
out%9es its diamond diadem4 ,! sp>kle ( 
! cascade )draws n our eyes f ! sn[y    
summits 9 _! ev5+ sil5ce4   ,sec4 #f4   
,purity only metaphorically a type (    
s9lessness4  ,x may seem /range to _m   
read]s t ,i h n spok5 ( purity 9 t s5se 
9 :i* x is mo/ frequ5tly us$1 z a type (
 s9lessness4 ,i d n d5y t ! frequ5t     
metaphorical use ( x 9 ,scripture may h 
& ought to h mu* influ5ce on ! sympa?ies
 ) :i* we reg>d x1 & t probably !       
imm$iate agreeabl5ess ( x to mo/ m9ds   
arises f> m f ?is s\rce ?an f t to :i*  
,i h *os5 to attribute x4 ,b1 9 ! fir/  

place1 if x be inde$ 9 ! signs ( ,div9e 
& n ( human attributes t beauty consi/s1
 ,i see n h[ ! idea ( s9 c be =m$ )     
respect to ! ,deity1 = x is an idea ( a 
relation borne by u to ,him1 & n 9 any  
way to be atta*$ to 8 ab/ract nature4 ,&
 if ! idea ( s9 is incapable ( be+ =m$ )
 respect to ,him1 s also is its         
negative1 = we _c =m an idea ( negation1
 :]e we _c =m an idea ( pres5ce4 ,if =  
in/ance "o c\ld conceive ( ta/e or      
flavor 9 a proposition ( ,euclid1 s also
 might we ( insipidity1 b if n ( ! "o1  
!n n ( ! o!r4 ,s t1 9 speak+ ( !        
goodness ( ,god1 x _c be t we mean any?+
 m ?an 8 ,love1 ,m]cifulness1 & ,ju/ice1
 & ^! attributes ,i h %[n to be express$
 by o!r qualities ( beauty1 & ,i _c     
trace any rational connection betwe5 !m 
& ! idea ( spotlessness 9 matt]4 ,nei!r 
c ,i trace any m di/9ct relation betwe5 
?is idea1 & any ( ! virtues :i* make up 
! righte\sness ( man1 except p]haps ^? (
 tru? & op5ness1 ( :i* ,i h already     
spok5 z m express$ by ! transp>5cy ?an !

 m]e purity ( matt]4 ,s t ,i conceive ! 
:ole use ( ! t]ms purity1 spotlessness1 
etc41 9 moral subjects1 to be m]ely     
metaphorical1 & t x is r t we illu/rate 
^! virtues by ! desirabl5ess ( mat]ial  
purity1 ?an t we desire mat]ial purity  
because x is illu/rative ( ^! virtues4  
,sec4 #g4 ,en]gy1 h[ express$ by purity 
( matt]4  ,i repeat1 !n1 t ! only idea  
:i* ,i ?9k c be legitimately connect$ ) 
purity ( matt]1 is ?is ( vital &        
en]getic connection among its p>ticles1 
& t ! idea ( f\lness is ess5tially      
connect$ ) dissolution & dea?4 ,?us !   
purity ( ! rock1 contra/$ ) ! f\lness ( 
du/ or m\ld1 is express$ by ! epi!t     
liv+1 v s+ul>ly giv5 9 ! rock1 9 almo/  
all languages2 s+ul>ly ,i say1 because  
life is almo/ ! la/ attribute "o w\ld   
ascribe to /one1 b = ?is visible en]gy &
 connection ( its p>ticles3 & s ( wat] z
 oppos$ to /agnancy4 ,& ,i d n ?9k t1   
h[ev] pure a p[d] or du/ may be1 ! idea 
( beauty is ev] connect$ ) x1 = x is n !
 m]e purity1 b ! active condition ( !   

sub/ance :i* is desir$1 s t z soon z x  
%oots into cry/als1 or ga!rs into       
effloresc5ce1 a s5sation ( active or    
real purity is receiv$ :i* 0 n felt 9 ! 
calc9$ caput mortuum4   ,sec4 #h4 ,& (  
color4  ,sec4 #i4 ,spirituality1 h[ s   
express$4  ,& aga9 9 color4 ,i imag9e t 
! quality ( x :i* we t]m purity is      
dep5d5t on ! full en]giz+ ( ! rays t    
compose x1 :]e( if 9 comp\nd hues any   
are ov]p[]$ & kill$ by ! re/1 s z to be 
( no value nor op]ation1 f\lness is !   
consequ5ce2 :ile s long z all act       
toge!r1 :e!r side by side1 or f pigm5ts 
se5 "o ?r\gh ! o!r1 s t all ! color+    
matt] employ$ comes into play 9 ! h>mony
 desir$1 & none be qu5*$ nor kill$1     
purity results4 ,& s 9 all cases ,i     
suppose t pur5ess is made to u          
desirable1 because expressive ( !       
con/ant pres5ce & en]giz+ ( ! ,deity 9  
matt]1 ?r\gh :i* all ?+s live & move1 & 
h _! be+1 & t f\lness is pa9ful z !     
accompanim5t ( disord] & decay1 & always
 indicative ( ! )drawal ( ,div9e        

support4 ,& ! practical analogies (     
life1 ! inv>iable connection ( outw>d   
f\lness ) m5tal slo? & degradation1 z   
well z ) bodily le?>gy & disease1 toge!r
 ) ! contr>y indications ( fre%ness &   
purity belong+ to e heal?y & active     
organic frame1 7s+ul>ly se5 9 ! ef=t ( !
 "y leaves :5 fir/ _! inw>d en]gy       
prevails ov] ! e>?1 pi]ces its          
corruption1 & %akes its du/ away f _!   
own :ite purity ( life17 all ^!         
circum/ances /r5g!n ! in/9ct by         
associations c\ntless & irresi/ible4 ,& 
!n1 f9ally1 ) ! idea ( purity comes t ( 
spirituality1 = ! ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( 
matt] is its in]tia1 :5ce1 by add+ to x 
purity or en]gy1 we may 9 "s measure    
spiritualize ev5 matt] itself4 ,?us 9 ! 
descriptions ( ! ,apocalypse x is its   
purity t fits x = its place 9 heav52 !  
riv] ( ! wat] ( life1 t proce$s out ( ! 
?rone ( ! ,lamb1 is cle> z cry/al1 & !  
pavem5t ( ! city is pure gold1 l unto   
cle> glass4#bh   ,,footnotes    #bf ,!  
read] w obs]ve t ,i am speak+ at pres5t 

( m]e     mat]ial qualities4 ,if he w\ld
 obta9 p]fect ideas respect+            
lovel9ess ( lum9\s surface1 let him     
closely obs]ve a swan )     its w+s     
exp&$ 9 full light five m9utes be=e     
sunset4 ,!     human *eek or ! rose leaf
 are p]haps h>dly s pure1 & !     =ms ( 
sn[1 ?\gh individually z beautiful1 are 
less     exquisitely comb9$4    #bg     
,greek3 hos d' ote tis t' elephanta gyne
 pho9iki mi5e                           
,meonis4      ,s ,sp5s] ( ,%amefac$ness1
 an exquisite piece ( gl[+     color--& 
sweetly ( ,belphoebe--7s ! roses &      
lilies ( all     poets47 ,comp>e ! mak+ 
( ! image ( ,florimell4                 
,! sub/ance :]e( %e ! body made         
,0 pure/ sn[1 9 massy m\ld congeal$1    
,:i* %e _h ga!r$ 9 a %ady glade         
,( ! ,riphoean hills4                 ,!
 same %e temp]$ ) f9e m]cury1           
,& m+l$ !m ) p]fect v]mily4      ,) ,una
 he p]haps ov]does ! :ite a little4 ,%e 
is two degrees     ( comp>ison above    
sn[4 ,comp>e 8 que/ion+ 9 ! ,hymn to    

,beauty1 ab\t t mixture made ( colors   
fair2 & goodly     temp]am5t1 ( pure    
complexion4                 ,ha? :ite & 
r$ 9 x su* wondr\s p[]                  
,t x c pi]ce ?r\gh ! eyes into ! he>t8  
,:]e ! di/9ction betwe5 typical & vital 
beauty is v     glori\sly c>ri$ out4    
#bh ,i h n spok5 "h ( any ( !           
associations connect$     ) w>m? or     
coolness ( color1 !y are p>tly connect$ 
)     vital beauty1 comp>e ,*ap4 xiv4   
,sec4 #bb1 #bc1 & p>tly )               
impressions ( ! sublime1 ! discussion ( 
:i* is =eign to     ! pres5t subject2   
purity1 h[ev]1 x is :i* gives value to  
bo?1 = nei!r w>m nor cool color1 c be   
beautiful1 if impure4      ,nei!r h ,i  
spok5 ( any que/ions relat+ to melodies 
(     color1 a subject ( sep>ate        
sci5ce--^: g5]al pr9ciple has     be5   
already /at$ 9 ! sev5? *apt] respect+   
unity (     sequ5ce4 ,^? qualities only 
are "h not$ :i* give absolute           
beauty1 :e!r to sep>ate color or to     
melodies ( x--= all     melodies are n  

beautiful1 b only ^? :i* are expressive 
(     c]ta9 pleasant or solemn emotions2
 & ! re/ />tl+1 or     curi\s1 or       
*e]ful1 or excit+1 or sublime1 b n      
beautiful1     7& s 9 music47 ,& all    
que/ions relat+ to ?is gr&eur1          
*e]fulness1 or o!r *>act]i/ic impression
 ( color mu/ be     consid]$ "u ! head (
 ideas ( relation4                      
,,*apt] ,x4              ,,(            
,,mod]ation1 ,,or ,,! ,,type ,,(        
,,gov]nm5t ,,by ,,law4   ,sec4 #a4      
,mean+ ( ! t]ms ,*a/5ess & ,ref9em5t4   
,( objects :i*1 9 respect ( ! qualities 
hi!rto consid]$1 appe> to h equal claims
 to reg>d1 we f9d1 nev]!less1 t c]ta9   
are pref]r$ to o!rs 9 consequ5ce ( an   
attractive p[]1 usually express$ by !   
t]ms *a/5ess1 ref9em5t1 or elegance1 & x
 appe>s also t ?+s :i* 9 o!r respects h 
little 9 !m ( natural beauty1 & are (   
=ms altoge!r simple & adapt$ to simple  
uses1 are capable ( mu* di/9ction &     
desirabl5ess 9 consequ5ce ( ^! qualities
 only4 ,x is ( importance to discov] !  

real nature ( ! ideas ?us express$4     
,sec4 #b4 ,h[ ref]able to tempor>y      
fa%ions4  ,some?+ ( ! peculi> mean+ ( ! 
words is ref]able to ! au?ority ( fa%ion
 & ! exclusiv5ess ( pride1 ow+ to :i* t 
:i* is ! mode ( a p>ticul> "t is        
submissively e/eem$1 & t :i* by its     
co/l9ess or its r>ity is ( difficult    
atta9m5t1 or 9 any way appe>s to h be5  
*os5 z ! be/ ( _m ?+s1 7:i* is ! orig9al
 s5se ( ! words elegant & exquisite17 is
 e/eem$ = ! witness x be>s to ! dignity 
( ! *oos]4  ,b nei!r ( ^! ideas are 9   
any way connect$ ) et]nal beauty1 nei!r 
d !y at all acc\nt = t agreeabl5ess (   
color & =m :i* is especially t]m$       
*a/5ess1 & :i* x w\ld seem to be a      
*>act]i/ic ( rightly tra9$ m9d 9 all ?+s
 to pref]1 & ( common m9ds to reject4   
,sec4 #c4 ,h[ to ! p]ception (          
completion4  ,sec4 #d4 ,f9i%1 by great  
ma/]s e/eem$ ess5tial4  ,!re is h[ev]   
ano!r "* ( artificial productions1 to   
:i* ^! t]ms h p>tial ref]5ce1 :i* x is (
 "s importance to note1 t ( f9i%1       

exactness1 or ref9em5t1 :i* are commonly
 desir$ 9 ! works ( m51 ow+ bo? to _!   
difficulty ( accompli%m5t & consequ5t   
expression ( c>e & p[] 7comp>e ,*apt] on
 ,ideas ( ,p[]1 ,"p ,i4 ,sect1 i417 & f 
_! great] resemblance to ! work+ ( ,god1
 ^: absolute exactness1 says ,hook]1 all
 ?+s imitate1 by t5d+ to t :i* is mo/   
exquisite 9 e p>ticul>4 ,& !re is n a   
great] sign ( ! imp]fection ( g5]al     
ta/e1 ?an its capability ( cont5tm5t )  
=ms & ?+s :i*1 pr(ess+ completion1 are  
yet n exact nor complete1 z 9 ! vulg> ) 
wax & clay & *9a figures1 & 9 bad       
sculptors ) an unf9i%$ & clay-l modell+ 
( surface1 & curves & angles ( no       
precision or delicacy2 & 9 g5]al1 9 all 
common & un?9k+ p]sons ) an imp]fect    
r5d]+ ( t :i* might be pure & f9e1 z    
*ur*-w>d5s are cont5t to lose ! %>p l9es
 ( /one c>v+ "u clogg+ oblit]ations (   
:itewa%1 & z ! mod]n ,italians scrape   
away & poli% :ite all ! %>pness & glory 
( ! c>v+s on _! old *ur*es1 z mo/       
mis]ably & pitifully on ,/4 ,m>k's at   

,v5ice1 & ! ,bapti/]ies ( ,pi/oja &     
,pisa1 & _m o!rs2 s also ! delight (    
vulg> pa9t]s 9 co>se & slurr$ pa9t+1    
m]ely = ! sake ( its co>s5ess1#bi z (   
,spagnoletto1 ,salvator1 or ,murillo1   
oppos$ to ! div9e f9i% :i* ! greate/ &  
mightie/ ( m5 disda9$ n1 b r wr\ght out 
) pa9fulness & life sp5d+2 z ,leon>do & 
,mi*ael ,angelo1 7= ! latt]1 h[ev] _m   
?+s he left unf9i%$1 did f9i%1 if at    
all1 ) a ref9em5t t ! eye _c foll[1 b ! 
feel+ only1 z 9 ! ,pieta ( ,g5oa17 &    
,p]ug9o always1 ev5 to ! gild+ ( s+le   
hairs among 8 angel tresses1 & ! "y     
,raffaelle1 :5 he 0 heav5 taught1 &     
,angelico1 & ,p9turic*io1 & ,john       
,bell9i1 & all o!r su* s]i\s & lov+ m54 
,only x is to be obs]v$ t ?is f9i% is n 
a "p or con/itu5t ( beauty1 b ! full &  
ultimate r5d]+ ( x1 s t x is an idea    
only connect$ ) ! works ( m51 = all !   
works ( ! ,deity are f9i%$ ) ! same1 t  
is1 inf9ite c>e & completion3 & s :at   
degrees ( beauty exi/ among !m c 9 no   
way be dep5d5t ^u ?is s\rce1 inasmu* z  

!re are betwe5 !m no degrees ( c>e4 ,&  
!re=e1 z !re c]ta9ly is admitt$ a       
diff]5ce ( degree 9 :at we call *a/5ess1
 ev5 9 ,div9e "w1 7comp>e ! hollyhock or
 ! sunfl[] ) ! vale lily17 we mu/ seek =
 x "s o!r explanation & s\rce ?an ?is4  
,sec4 #e4 ,mod]ation1 its nature & value
  ,& if1 br++ d[n our ideas ( x f       
complicat$ objects to simple l9es &     
colors1 we analyze & reg>d !m c>efully1 
,i ?9k we %all be able to trace !m to an
 "u-curr5t ( con/antly agreeable feel+1 
excit$ by ! appe>ance 9 mat]ial ?+s ( a 
self-re/ra9$ lib]ty1 t is to say1 by !  
image ( t act+ ( ,god ) reg>d to all 8  
creation1 :]e91 ?\gh free to op]ate 9   
:atev] arbitr>y1 sudd51 viol5t1 or      
incon/ant ways he w1 he yet1 if we may  
rev]5tly s speak1 re/ra9s 9 himself ?is 
8 omnipot5t lib]ty1 & works always 9    
consi/5t modes1 call$ by u laws4 ,& ?is 
re/ra9t or mod]ation1 accord+ to ! words
 ( ,hook]1 7t :i* do? mod]ate ! =ce &   
p[]1 t :i* do? appo9t ! =m & measure (  
work+1 ! same we t]m a law17 is 9 !     

,deity n re/ra9t1 su* z x is said (     
creatures1 b1 z aga9 says ,hook]1 ! v   
be+ ( ,god is a law to 8 work+1 s t e   
appe>ance ( pa9fulness or want ( p[] &  
fre$om 9 mat]ial ?+s is wrong & ugly2 = 
! "r re/ra9t1 ! image ( ,div9e op]ation1
 is bo? 9 !m1 & 9 m51 a will+ & n pa9ful
 /opp+ %ort ( ! utmo/ degree to :i* _!  
p[] might rea*1 & ! appe>ance ( fett]+  
or conf9em5t is ! cause ( ugl9ess 9 !   
"o1 z ! slighte/ pa9fulness or ef=t 9   
re/ra9t is a sign ( s9 9 ! o!r4   ,sec4 
#f4 ,x is ! girdle ( beauty4  ,sec4 #g4 
,h[ f\nd 9 natural curves & colors4     
,sec4 #h4 ,h[ difficult ( atta9m5t1 yet 
ess5tial to all good4  ,i h put ?is     
attribute ( beauty la/1 because ,i      
consid] x ! girdle & safegu>d ( all !   
re/1 & 9 ?is respect ! mo/ ess5tial (   
all1 = x is possible t a c]ta9 degree ( 
beauty may be atta9$ ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( "o
 ( its o!r con/itu5ts1 z sometimes 9 "s 
measure )\t symmetry or )\t unity4 ,b ! 
lea/ appe>ance ( viol5ce or             
extravagance1 ( ! want ( mod]ation &    

re/ra9t1 is1 ,i ?9k1 de/ructive ( all   
beauty :atsoev] 9 ev]y?+1 color1 =m1    
motion1 language1 or ?\ght1 giv+ rise to
 t :i* 9 color we call gl>+1 9 =m       
inelegant1 9 motion ungraceful1 9       
language co>se1 9 ?\ght undiscipl9$1 9  
all un*a/5$2 :i* qualities are 9 ev]y?+ 
mo/ pa9ful1 because ! signs ( disob$i5t 
& irregul> op]ation4 ,& h]e9 we at la/  
f9d ! reason ( t :i* has be5 s (t5 not$ 
respect+ ! subtilty & almo/ invisibility
 ( natural curves & colors1 & :y x is t 
we look on ^? l9es z lea/ beautiful :i* 
fall into wide & f> lic5se ( curvature1 
& z mo/ beautiful :i* approa* ne>e/ 7s t
 ! curvil9e> "* be di/9ctly ass]t$7 to !
 gov]nm5t ( ! "r l9e1 z 9 ! pure & sev]e
 curves ( ! drap]ies ( ! religi\s       
pa9t]s2 & ?us 9 color x is n r$1 b      
rose-color :i* is mo/ beautiful1 nei!r  
su* actual gre5 z we f9d 9 summ] foliage
 p>tly1 & 9 our pa9t+ ( x con/antly2 b  
su* gray gre5 z t into :i* nature       
modifies h] di/ant t9ts1 or su* pale    
gre5 & unc]ta9 z we see 9 sunset sky1 & 

9 ! clefts ( ! glaci] & ! *rysoprase1 & 
! sea-foam2 & s ( all colors1 n t !y may
 n sometimes be deep & full1 b t !re is 
a solemn mod]ation ev5 9 _! v fulness1 &
 a holy ref]5ce beyond & out ( _! own   
nature to great h>monies by :i* !y are  
gov]n$1 & 9 ob$i5ce to :i* is _! glory4 
,:]e( ! ignorance is %[n 9 all evil     
colori/s by ! viol5ce & positiv5ess ( _!
 hues1 & by dulness & discordance       
consequ5t1 = ! v brilliancy & real p[] (
 all color is dep5d5t on ! *a/5+ ( x1 z 
( a voice on its g5tl5ess1 & z ( action 
on its calmness1 & z all moral vigor on 
self-comm&4 ,& !re=e z t virtue :i* m5  
la/1 & ) mo/ difficulty atta9 unto1 &   
:i* _m atta9 n at all1 & yet t :i* is   
ess5tial to ! conduct & almo/ to ! be+ (
 all o!r virtues1 s9ce nei!r imag9ation1
 nor inv5tion1 nor indu/ry1 nor         
s5sibility1 nor en]gy1 nor any o!r good 
hav+1 is ( full avail )\t ?is (         
self-comm&1 :]eby works truly mascul9e &
 mighty are produc$1 & by ! signs ( :i* 
!y are sep>at$ f t l[] ho/ ( ?+s        

brilliant1 magnific5t & r$undant1 & f>!r
 yet f t ( ! loose1 ! lawless1 !        
exagg]at$1 ! insol5t1 & ! pr(ane1 ,i    
w\ld h ! necessity ( x =emo/ among all  
our inculcat+1 & ! "n ( x l>ge/ among   
all our inscrib+1 9 s f> t1 ov] ! doors 
( e s*ool ( ,art1 ,i w\ld h ?is "o ^w1  
reliev$ out 9 deep lett]s ( pure        
gold1--,mod]ation4   ,,footnotes    #bi 
,x is to be c>efully not$ t :5 rude     
execution is     evid5tly n ! result (  
imp]fect feel+ & desire 7z 9     ^! m5  
above nam$1 x is7 b ( ?\ght2 ei!r       
impati5t1     :i* !re 0 necessity to    
note swiftly1 or impetu\s1 :i* x     0  
well to note 9 mighty mann]1 z          
pre-em95tly & 9 bo?     k9ds ! case )   
,t9toret1 & (t5 ) ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & 9  
l[] & m degrad$ modes ) ,rub5s1 &       
g5]ally 9 !     sket*es & fir/ ?\ghts ( 
great ma/]s2 !re is receiv$ a     v     
noble pleasure1 connect$ bo? ) ideas (  
p[] 7comp>e     aga9 ,"p ,i4 ,sect4 ii4 
,*ap4 ,i47 & ) c]ta9 actions ( !        
imag9ation ( :i* we %all speak pres5tly4

 ,b ?is pleasure is     n receiv$ f !   
beauty ( ! "w1 = no?+ c be     p]fectly 
beautiful unless complete1 b f its      
simplicity &     suffici5cy to its      
imm$iate purpose1 :]e ! purpose is n (  
beauty at all1 z (t5 9 ?+s r\gh-hewn1   
pre-em95tly =     in/ance 9 ! /ones ( ! 
f\ndations ( ! ,pitti & ,/rozzi         
palaces1 ^: noble rud5ess is to be      
oppos$ bo? to ! useless     poli%1 & !  
b>b>\s ru/ications ( mod]n times1       
7al?\gh     inde$ ?is in/ance is n )\t  
exception to be receiv$1 =     ! maje/y 
( ^! rocky build+s dep5ds also 9 "s     
measure     ^u ! real beauty & f9i% ( ! 
natural curvil9e>     fractures1 oppos$ 
to ! co>s5ess ( human *isell+17 &       
aga91 z x respects works ( high] art1 ! 
pleasure ( _!     ha/y or imp]fect      
execution is n indicative ( _! beauty1 b
     ( _! maje/y & fulness ( ?\ght &    
va/ness ( p[]4 ,%ade     is only        
beautiful :5 x magnifies & sets =? ! =ms
 ( fair     ?+s1 s neglig5ce is only    
noble :5 x is1 z ,fuseli ha? x1     !   

%ad[ ( en]gy4 ,:i* t x may be1 secure ! 
sub/ance     & ! %ade w foll[1 b let !  
arti/ bew>e ( /eal+ !     mann] ( giant 
intellects :5 he has n _! int5tion1 & ( 
assum+ l>ge modes ( treatm5t :5 he has  
little ?\ghts to     treat4 ,!re is l>ge
 diff]5ce betwe5 indol5t impati5ce (    
labor & intellectual impati5ce ( delay1 
l>ge diff]5ce betwe5     leav+ ?+s      
unf9i%$ because we h m to d1 or because 
we     are satisfi$ ) :at we h done4    
,t9toret1 :o pray$ h>d1 &     h>dly     
obta9$1 t he might be p]mitt$1 ! *>ge ( 
8     colors only be+ borne1 to pa9t a  
new built h\se f base to     battlem5t1 
0 n "o to %un labor1 x is ! p\r+ 9 ^u   
him     ( glori\s ?\ghts 9 inexpressible
 multitude t 8 sweep+     h& foll[s s   
fa/4 ,x is z easy to "k ! slightness (  
e>ne/ ha/e f ! slightness ( blunt feel+1
 indol5ce1 or     affectation1 z x is to
 "k ! du/ ( a race1 f ! du/ (           
dissolution4                            
,,*apt] ,,xi4                  ,,g5]al  
,,inf]5ces ,,respect+ ,,typical         

,,beauty4   ,sec4 #a4 ,! subject        
incompletely treat$1 yet admitt+ ( g5]al
        conclusions4  ,i h n[ enum]at$1 
& 9 "s measure expla9$ ^? *>act]i/ics ( 
m]e matt] by :i* ,i conceive x becomes  
agreeable to ! !oretic faculty1 "u      
:atev] =m1 dead1 organiz$1 or animat$1 x
 may pres5t itself4 ,x w be our task 9 !
 succe$+ volume to exam9e1 & illu/rate  
by examples1 ! mode 9 :i* ^! *>act]i/ics
 appe> 9 e division ( creation1 9 /ones1
 m\nta9s1 waves1 cl\ds1 & all organic   
bodies2 beg9n+ ) vegetables1 & !n tak+  
in/ances 9 ! range ( animals f ! mollusc
 to man2 exam9+ h[ "o animal =m is nobl]
 ?an ano!r1 by ! m manife/ pres5ce ( ^! 
attributes1 & *iefly endeavor+ to %[ h[ 
mu* !re is ( admirable & lovely1 ev5 9  
:at is commonly despis$4 ,at pres5t ,i h
 only to m>k ! conclusions at :i* we h z
 yet arriv$ respect+ ! rank ( ! !oretic 
faculty1 & !n to pursue ! inquiry f>!r  
into ! nature ( vital beauty4  ,z ,i    
be=e said1 ,i pret5d n to h enum]at$ all
 ! s\rces ( mat]ial beauty1 nor !       

analogies connect$ ) !m2 x is probable t
 o!rs may occur to _m read]s1 or to     
myself z ,i proce$ into m p>ticul>      
inquiry1 b ,i am n c>eful to collect all
 conceivable evid5ce on ! subject4 ,i   
desire only to ass]t & prove "s c]ta9   
pr9ciples1 & by means ( ^! to %[1 9 "s  
measure1 ! inh]5t wor?9ess & glory (    
,god's works & some?+ ( ! relations !y  
be> to ea* o!r & to u1 leav+ ! subject  
to be fully pursu$1 z x only c be1 by ! 
ardor & affection ( ^? :om x may int]e/4
   ,sec4 #b4 ,typical beauty n creat$ = 
man's sake4  ,sec4 #c4 ,b degrees ( x = 
8 sake admitt$4  ,sec4 #d4 ,:at         
enc\ragem5t h5ce to be receiv$4  ,!     
qualities above enum]at$ are n to be    
consid]$ z /amp$ ^u matt] = our tea*+ or
 enjoym5t only1 b z ! necess>y          
consequ5ce ( ! p]fection ( ,god's work+1
 & ! inevitable /amp ( 8 image on :at he
 creates4 ,= x w\ld be inconsi/5t ) 8   
,inf9ite p]fection to "w imp]fectly 9   
any place1 or 9 any matt]2 :]e=e we d n 
f9d t fl[]s & fair trees1 & k9dly skies1

 are giv5 only :]e man may see !m & be  
f$ by !m1 b ! ,_s ( ,god works ev]y:]e  
alike1 :]e !re is no eye to see1 cov]+  
all lonely places ) an equal glory1 us+ 
! same p5cil & outp\r+ ! same spl5dor1 9
 ! caves ( ! wat]s :]e ! sea-snakes     
swim1 & 9 ! des]t :]e ! satyrs dance1   
among ! fir-trees ( ! /ork1 & ! rocks ( 
! conies1 z among ^? high] creatures :om
 he has made capable witnesses ( 8      
work+4 ,nev]!less1 ,i ?9k t ! admission 
( diff]5t degrees ( ?is glory & image ( 
himself ^u creation1 has ! look ( some?+
 meant especially = u2 = al?\gh1 9      
pursuance ( ! appo9t$ sy/em ( gov]nm5t  
by univ]sal laws1 ^! same degrees exi/  
:]e we _c witness !m1 yet ! exi/5ce (   
degrees at all seems at fir/ unlikely 9 
,div9e "w1 & ,i _c see reason = x unless
 t palpable "o ( increas+ 9 u ! und]/&+ 
( ! sacr$ *>act]s by %[+ u ! results (  
_! comp>ative abs5ce4 ,= ,i "k n t if   
all ?+s _h be5 equally beautiful1 we    
c\ld h receiv$ ! idea ( beauty at all1  
or if we _h1 c]ta9ly x _h become a matt]

 ( indiff]5ce to u1 & ( little ?\ght1   
:]eas ?r\gh ! b5efic5t orda9+ ( degrees 
9 its manife/ation1 ! he>ts ( m5 are    
/irr$ by its occasional occurr5ce 9 its 
noble/ =m1 & all _! en]gies are awak5$ 9
 ! pursuit ( x1 & endeavor to arre/ x or
 recreate x = !mselves4 ,b :atev] d\bt  
!re may be respect+ ! exact am\nt (     
modification ( creat$ ?+s admitt$       
ref]5ce to u1 !re c be none respect+ !  
dignity ( t faculty by :i* we receive ! 
my/]i\s evid5ce ( _! div9e orig94 ,!    
fact ( our d]iv+ con/ant pleasure f     
:atev] is a type or semblance ( ,div9e  
attributes1 & f no?+ b t :i* is s1 is ! 
mo/ glori\s ( all t c be demon/rat$ (   
human nature2 x n only sets a great gulf
 ( specific sep>ation betwe5 u & ! l[]  
animals1 b x seems a promise ( a        
communion ultimately deep1 close1 &     
consci\s1 ) ! ,be+ ^: d>k5$             
manife/ations we "h feebly & un?9k+ly   
delight 94 ,probably to e ord] (        
intellig5ce m ( 8 image becomes palpable
 9 all ar\nd !m1 & ! glorifi$ spirits & 

! angels h p]ceptions z mu* m full &    
raptur\s ?an ours1 z ours ?an ^? ( bea/s
 & creep+ ?+s4 ,& receiv+ x1 z we mu/1 =
 an univ]sal axiom t no natural desire c
 be entirely fru/rate1 & see+ t ^!      
desires are inde$ s unfail+ 9 u t !y h  
escap$ n ! reason]s ( any "t1 b 7 held  
div9e ( old1 & 9 ev5 hea!n c\ntries1#cj 
x _c be b t !re is 9 ^! vision>y        
pleasures1 lightly z we n[ reg>d !m1    
cause = ?ankfulness1 gr\nd = hope1 an*or
 = fai?1 m ?an 9 all ! o!r manifold     
gifts & guidances1 :]e) ,god cr[ns !    
ye>s1 & h$ges ! pa?s ( m54   ,,footnotes
    #cj ,greek3 ,he de teleia eudaimonia
 !oretike tis eot9 h5]geia4     99 99   
tois m5 g> !ois apas ho bios mak>ios1   
tois d an?ropois1     eph hoson homoioma
 ti tes toiantes h5]geias hup>*ei4 ton d
     hallon zoon oud5 eudaimonei4       
hepeide oudame ko9onei                  
!orias4--,ari/4 ,e?4 ,lib4 #aj?4 ,!     
conclud+ book ( ! ,e?ics     %\ld be    
c>efully read4 ,x is all mo/ valuable4  
,,*apt] ,,xii4                     ,,(  

,,vital ,,beauty4 ,,fir/1 ,,z           
,,relative4   ,sec4 #a4 ,transition f   
typical to vital ,beauty4  ,i proce$ m  
p>ticul>ly to exam9e ! nature ( t second
 k9d ( beauty ( :i* ,i spoke 9 ! ?ird   
*apt]1 z consi/+ 9 ! appe>ance (        
felicit\s fulfilm5t ( function 9 liv+   
?+s4 ,i h already notic$ ! example ( v  
pure & high typical beauty :i* is to be 
f\nd 9 ! l9es & gradations ( unsulli$   
sn[3 if1 pass+ to ! edge ( a %eet ( x1  
^u ! l[] ,alps1 e>ly 9 ,may1 we f9d1 z  
we are ne>ly sure to f9d1 two or ?ree   
little r\nd op5+s pi]c$ 9 x1 & ?r\gh ^! 
em]g5t1 a sl5d]1 p5sive1 fragile fl[]#ca
 ^: small d>k1 purple-fr+$ bell hangs   
d[n & %udd]s ov] ! icy cleft t x has    
clov51 z if p>tly wond]+ at its own     
rec5t grave1 & p>tly dy+ ( v fatigue    
aft] its h>d won victory2 we %all be1 or
 we ought to be1 mov$ by a totally      
diff]5t impression ( lovel9ess f t :i*  
we receive among ! dead ice & ! idle    
cl\ds4 ,!re is n[ utt]$ to u a call =   
sympa?y1 n[ (f]$ to u an image ( moral  

purpose & a*ievem5t1 :i*1 h[ev]         
unconsci\s or s5seless ! creature may   
inde$ be t s seems to call1 _c be he>d  
)\t affection1 nor contemplat$ )\t      
wor%ip1 by any ( u ^: he>t is rightly   
tun$1 or ^: m9d is cle>ly & surely      
sight$4  ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! organic    
creation e be+ 9 a p]fect /ate exhibits 
c]ta9 appe>ances1 or evid5ces1 (        
happ9ess1 & besides is 9 its nature1 its
 desires1 its modes ( n\ri%m5t1         
habitation1 & dea?1 illu/rative or      
expressive ( c]ta9 moral dispositions or
 pr9ciples4 ,n[1 fir/1 9 ! ke5ness ( !  
sympa?y :i* we feel 9 ! happ9ess1 real  
or app>5t1 ( all organic be+s1 & :i*1 z 
we %all pres5tly see1 inv>iably prompts 
u1 f ! joy we h 9 x1 to look ^u ^? z mo/
 lovely :i* are mo/ happy2 & secondly1 9
 ! ju/ness ( ! moral s5se :i* rightly   
reads ! lesson !y are all int5d$ to     
tea*1 & classes !m 9 ord]s ( wor?9ess & 
beauty accord+ to ! rank & nature ( t   
lesson1 :e!r x be ( w>n+ or example1 (  
^? t wall[ or ( ^? t so>1 ( ! fi5d-hunt$

 sw9e by ! ,g5nes>et lake1 or ( ! dove  
return+ to its ark ( re/2 9 our "r      
accept+ & read+ ( all ?is1 consi/s1 ,i  
say1 ! ultimately p]fect condition ( t  
noble !oretic faculty1 ^: place 9 !     
sy/em ( our nature ,i h already p>tly   
v9dicat$ ) respect to typical1 b :i* c  
only fully be e/abli%$ ) respect to     
vital beauty4   ,sec4 #b4 ,! p]fection (
 ! !oretic faculty z conc]n$ ) vital    
beauty1 is *>ity4  ,its fir/ p]fection1 
!re=e1 relat+ to vital beauty1 is !     
k9dness & unselfi% fulness ( he>t1 :i*  
receives ! utmo/ am\nt ( pleasure f !   
happ9ess ( all ?+s4 ,( :i* 9 high degree
 ! he>t ( man is incapable1 nei!r :at   
int5se enjoym5t ! angels may h 9 all t  
!y see ( ?+s t move & live1 & 9 ! "p !y 
take 9 ! %$d+ ( ,god's k9dness ^u !m1 c 
we "k or conceive3 only 9 proportion z  
we draw ne> to ,god1 & are made 9       
measure l unto him1 c we increase ?is   
our possession ( *>ity1 ( :i* ! entire  
ess5ce is 9 ,god only4  ,:]e=e x is     
evid5t t ev5 ! ord9>y ex]cise ( ?is     

faculty implies a condition ( ! :ole    
moral be+ 9 "s measure "r & heal?y1 & t 
to ! entire ex]cise ( x !re is necess>y 
! entire p]fection ( ! ,*ri/ian "*1 = he
 :o loves n ,god1 nor 8 bro!r1 _c love !
 grass b5ea? 8 feet & ! creatures t fill
 ^? spaces 9 ! univ]se :i* he ne$s n1 & 
:i* live n = 8 uses2 nay1 he has seldom 
grace to be grateful ev5 to ^? t love   
him & s]ve him1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 none 
c love ,god nor 8 human bro!r )\t lov+  
all ?+s :i* 8 ,fa!r loves1 nor )\t look+
 ^u !m e "o z 9 t respect 8 bre?r5 also1
 & p]haps wor?i] ?an he1 if 9 ! "u      
concords !y h to fill1 _! "p is t\*$ m  
truly4 ,:]e=e x is good to read ( t     
k9dness & humbl5ess ( ,/4 ,francis (    
,assisi1 :o spoke nev] to bird nor to   
cicala1 nor ev5 to wolf & bea/ ( prey1 b
 z 8 bro!r2 & s we f9d are mov$ ! m9ds (
 all good & mighty m51 z 9 ! lesson t we
 h f ! ,m>9] ( ,col]idge1 & yet m truly 
& rightly taught 9 ! ,he>tleap well1    
,nev] to bl5d our pleasure1 or our      
pride1                 ,) sorr[ ( !     

meane/ ?+ t feels1  & aga9 9 ! ,:ite    
,doe ( ,ryl/one1 ) ! add$ tea*+ ( t     
gift1 :i* we h f ?+s b5ea? u1 9 ?anks = 
! love !y _c equally return2 t angui% ( 
our own1                 ,is temp]$ &   
allay$ by sympa?ies1                    
,al(t asc5d+ & desc5d+ deep1            
,ev5 to ! inf]ior k9ds1  s t ,i "k n (  
any?+ m de/ructive ( ! :ole !oretic     
faculty1 n to say ( ! ,*ri/ian "* &     
human intellect1 ?an ^? accurs$ sports 9
 :i* man makes ( himself1 cat1 tig]1    
s]p5t1 *aetodon1 & alligator 9 "o1 &    
ga!rs into "o cont9uance ( cruelty = 8  
amusem5t all ! devices t brutes sp>+ly &
 at int]vals use aga9/ ea* o!r = _!     
necessities4#cb   ,sec4 #c4 ,only )     
respect to plants1 less affection ?an   
sympa?y4  ,z we pass f ^? be+s ( ^:     
happ9ess & pa9 we are c]ta9 to ^? 9 :i* 
x is d\btful or only seem+1 z possibly 9
 plants1 7?\gh ,i w\ld fa9 hold1 if ,i  
might1 ! fai? t e fl[]1 enjoys ! air x  
brea!s1 nei!r d ,i ev] cru% or ga!r "o  
)\t "s pa917 yet our feel+ = !m has 9 x 

m ( sympa?y ?an ( actual love1 z receiv+
 f !m 9 delight f> m ?an we c give2 =   
love1 ,i ?9k1 *iefly gr[s 9 giv+1 at    
lea/ its ess5ce is ! desire ( do+ good1 
or giv+ happ9ess1 & we _c feel ! desire 
( t :i* we _c conceive1 s t if we       
conceive n ( a plant z capable (        
pleasure1 we _c desire to give x        
pleasure1 t is1 we _c love x 9 ! entire 
s5se ( ! t]m4  ,nev]!less1 ! sympa?y ( v
 l(ty & s5sitive m9ds usually rea*es s  
f> z to ! conception ( life 9 ! plant1 &
 s to love1 z ) ,%elley1 ( ! s5sitive   
plant1 & ,%akspe>e always1 z he has     
taught u 9 ! sweet voices ( ,ophelia &  
,p]dita1 & ,wordswor? always1 z ( !     
daffodils1 & ! cel&9e4                  
,x do? n love ! %[]1 nor seek ! cold4   
,?is nei!r is its c\rage1 nor its *oice1
                 ,b its necessity 9 be+ 
old1--  & s all o!r great poets 7t is to
 say1 great se]s2#cc7 nor d ,i believe t
 any m9d1 h[ev] rude1 is )\t "s slight  
p]ception or ackn[l$gm5t ( joyfulness 9 
brea?less ?+s1 z mo/ c]ta9ly !re are    

none b feel in/9ctive delight 9 !       
appe>ances ( su* enjoym5t4   ,sec4 #d4  
,:i* is proportion$ to ! appe>ance (    
en]gy 9 ! plants4  ,= x is matt] ( easy 
demon/ration1 t sett+ ! *>act]s (       
typical beauty aside1 ! pleasure af=d$  
by e organic =m is 9 proportion to its  
appe>ance ( heal?y vital en]gy2 z 9 a   
rose-bu%1 sett+ aside all consid]ations 
( gradat$ flu%+ ( color & fair fold+ (  
l9e1 :i* x %>es ) ! cl\d or ! sn[-wrea?1
 we f9d 9 & ?r\gh all ?is1 c]ta9 signs  
pleasant & acceptable z signs ( life &  
enjoym5t 9 ! p>ticul> individual plant  
itself4 ,e leaf & /alk is se5 to h a    
function1 to be con/antly ex]cis+ t     
function1 & z x seems solely = ! good & 
enjoym5t ( ! plant4 ,x is true t        
reflection w %[ u t ! plant is n liv+ = 
itself alone1 t its life is "o (        
b5efaction1 t x gives z well z receives1
 b no s5se ( ?is :atsoev] m+les ) our   
p]ception ( physical beauty 9 its =ms4  
,^? =ms :i* appe> to be necess>y to its 
heal?1 ! symmetry ( its leaflets1 !     

smoo?ness ( its /alks1 ! vivid gre5 (   
its %oots1 are look$ ^u by u z signs ( !
 plant's own happ9ess & p]fection2 !y   
are useless to u1 except z !y give u    
pleasure 9 our sympa?iz+ ) t ( ! plant1 
& if we see a leaf )]$ or %runk or      
worm-eat51 we say x is ugly1 & feel x to
 be mo/ pa9ful1 n because x hurts u1 b  
because x seems to hurt ! plant1 &      
conveys to u an idea ( pa9 & disease &  
failure ( life 9 x4  ,t ! am\nt (       
pleasure we receive is 9 exact          
proportion to ! appe>ance ( vigor &     
s5sibility 9 ! plant1 is easily prov$ by
 obs]v+ ! effect ( ^? :i* %[ ! evid5ces 
( x 9 ! lea/ degree1 z1 = in/ance1 any (
 ! cacti n 9 fl[]4 ,_! masses are heavy 
& simple1 _! gr[? sl[1 _! v>i\s p>ts    
jo9t$ on "o to ano!r1 z if !y 7 buckl$  
or p9n$ toge!r in/ead ( gr[+ out ( ea*  
o!r1 7note ! s+ul> imposition 9 _m ( !m1
 ! prickly pe> = in/ance1 ( ! fruit ^u !
 body ( ! plant1 s t x looks l a swell+ 
or disease17 & (t5 f>!r oppos$ by h>%   
truncation ( l9e z 9 ! cactus           

truncatophylla4 ,all ^! circum/ances s  
concur to deprive ! plant ( vital       
evid5ces1 t we receive f x m s5se ( pa9 
?an ( beauty2 & yet ev5 "h1 ! %>pness ( 
! angles1 ! symmetrical ord] & /r5g? ( !
 sp9es1 ! fre% & ev5 color ( ! body1 are
 look$ = e>ne/ly z signs ( heal?y       
condition1 our pa9 is increas$ by _!    
abs5ce1 & indef9itely increas$ if       
blot*es1 & o!r appe>ances ( bruise &    
decay int]f]e ) t little life :i* !     
plant seems to possess4  ,! same s+ul>  
*>act]s belong 9 animals to ! cru/acea1 
z to ! lob/]1 crab1 scorpion1 etc41 & 9 
great measure deprive !m ( ! beauty :i* 
we f9d 9 high] ord]s1 s t we are r$uc$  
to look = _! beauty to s+le p>ts &      
jo9ts1 & n to ! :ole animal4   ,sec4 #e4
 ,?is sympa?y is unselfi%1 & does n     
reg>d utility4  ,n[ ,i wi% p>ticul>ly to
 impress ^u ! read] t all ^! s5sations (
 beauty 9 ! plant arise f our unselfi%  
sympa?y ) its happ9ess1 & n f any view (
 ! qualities 9 x :i* may br+ good to u1 
nor ev5 f our ackn[l$gm5t 9 x ( any     

moral condition beyond t ( m]e felicity2
 = su* an ackn[l$gm5t1 belongs to !     
second op]ation ( ! !oretic faculty     
7comp>e ,sec4 #b17 & n to ! sympa!tic "p
 :i* we are at pres5t exam9+2 s t we ev5
 f9d t 9 ?is respect1 ! mom5t we beg9 to
 look ^u any creature z subord9ate to "s
 purpose out ( itself1 "s ( ! s5se (    
organic beauty is lo/4 ,?us1 :5 we are  
told t ! leaves ( a plant are occupi$ 9 
decompos+ c>bonic acid1 & prep>+ oxyg5 =
 u1 we beg9 to look ^u x ) "s su*       
indiff]5ce z ^u a gasomet]4 ,x has      
become a ma*9e2 "s ( our s5se ( its     
happ9ess is gone2 its emanation ( inh]5t
 life is no long] pure4 ,! b5d+ trunk1  
wav+ to & fro 9 ! w9d above ! wat]fall1 
is beautiful because x is happy1 ?\gh x 
is p]fectly useless to u4 ,! same trunk1
 hewn d[n & ?r[n across ! /ream1 has lo/
 its beauty4 ,x s]ves z a bridge1--x has
 become useful2 x lives n = itself1 &   
its beauty is gone1 or :at x reta9s is  
purely typical1 dep5d5t on its l9es &   
colors1 n on its functions4 ,saw x into 

planks1 & ?\gh n[ adapt$ to become      
p]man5tly useful1 its :ole beauty is lo/
 =ev]1 or to be rega9$ only 9 "p :5     
decay & ru9 %all h )drawn x aga9 f use1 
& left x to receive f ! h& ( nature !   
velvet moss & v>i$ li*51 :i* may aga9   
sugge/ ideas ( inh]5t happ9ess1 & t9t   
its m\ld]+ sides ) hues ( life4  ,!re is
 some?+1 ,i ?9k1 peculi>ly beautiful &  
in/ructive 9 ?is unselfi%ness ( !       
!oretic faculty1 & 9 its abhorr5ce ( all
 utility :i* is bas$ on ! pa9 or        
de/ruction ( any creature1 = 9 su*      
m9i/]+ to ea* o!r z is consi/5t ) !     
ess5ce & en]gy ( bo?1 x takes delight1 z
 9 ! clo?+ ( ! rock by ! h]bage1 & !    
fe$+ ( ! h]bage by ! /ream4   ,sec4 #f4 
,especially ) respect to animals4  ,sec4
 #g4 ,& x is de/roy$ by evid5ces (      
me*anism4  ,b /ill m di/9ct evid5ce (   
its be+ inde$ ! expression ( happ9ess to
 :i* we look = our fir/ pleasure 9      
organic =m1 is to be f\nd 9 ! way 9 :i* 
we reg>d ! bodily frame ( animals3 ( :i*
 x is to be not$ fir/1 t !re is n any?+ 

:i* causes s int5se & torm5t+ a s5se (  
ugl9ess z any sc>1 w\nd1 mon/rosity1 or 
imp]fection :i* seems inconsi/5t ) !    
animal's ease & heal?2 & t al?\gh 9     
vegetables1 :]e !re is no imm$iate s5se 
( pa91 we are comp>atively little hurt  
by excresc5ces & irregul>ities1 b are   
sometimes ev5 delight$ ) !m1 & fond (   
!m1 z *ildr5 ( ! oak-apple1 & sometimes 
look ^u !m z m int]e/+ ?an ! un9jur$    
conditions1 z 9 ! gn>l$ & knott$ trunks 
( trees2 yet ! slighte/ approa* to any?+
 ( ! k9d 9 animal =m is reg>d$ ) int5se 
horror1 m]ely f ! s5se ( pa9 x conveys4 
,&1 9 ! second place1 x is to be not$ t 
:5ev] we dissect ! animal frame1 or     
conceive x z dissect$1 & sub/itute 9 our
 ideas ! neatness ( me*anical           
contrivance = ! pleasure ( ! animal2 !  
mom5t we r$uce enjoym5t to +5uity1 &    
volition to lev]age1 t in/ant all s5se (
 beauty disappe>s4 ,take1 = in/ance1 !  
action ( ! limb ( ! o/ri*1 :i* is       
beautiful s long z we see x 9 its swift 
uplift+ along ! des]t s&s1 & trace 9 !  

tread ( x h] scorn ( ! horse & 8 rid]1 b
 w\ld inf9itely lose ( its              
impressiv5ess1 if we c\ld see ! spr+    
ligam5t play+ backw>ds & =w>ds 9        
alt]nate j]ks ov] ! tub]cle at ! hock   
jo9t4 ,take aga9 ! action ( ! dorsal f9 
( ! %>k tribe4 ,s long z we obs]ve !    
uni=m en]gy ( motion 9 ! :ole frame1 !  
la% ( ! tail1 b\nd ( body1 & in/antane\s
 l[]+ ( ! dorsal1 to avoid ! resi/ance (
 ! wat] z x turns1 !re is high s5se (   
organic p[] & beauty4 ,b :5 we dissect !
 dorsal1 & f9d t its sup]ior ray is     
support$ 9 its position by a peg 9 a    
not* at its base1 & t :5 ! f9 is to be  
l[]$1 ! peg has to be tak5 out1 & :5 x  
is rais$ put 9 aga92 al?\gh we are fill$
 ) wond] at ! +5uity ( ! me*anical      
contrivance1 all our s5se ( beauty is   
gone1 & n to be recov]$ until we aga9   
see ! f9 play+ on ! animal's body1      
app>5tly by its own w alone1 ) ! life   
runn+ along its rays4 ,x is by a        
beautiful ord9ance ( ! ,creator t all ^!
 me*anisms are conceal$ f sight1 ?\gh   

op5 to inve/igation1 & t 9 all :i* is   
outw>dly manife/$ we seem to see 8      
pres5ce r ?an 8 workman%ip1 & ! my/]i\s 
brea? ( life1 r ?an ! manipulation (    
matt]4  ,z1 !re=e1 x appe>s f all       
evid5ce t x is ! s5se ( felicity :i* we 
fir/ desire 9 organic =m1 x is evid5t f 
reason1 z demon/rable by exp]i5ce1 t ^? 
=ms w be ! mo/ beautiful 7always1       
obs]ve1 leav+ typical beauty out ( ! "q7
 :i* exhibit mo/ ( p[]1 & seem capable (
 mo/ quick & joy\s s5sation4 ,h5ce we   
f9d gradations ( beauty f ! app>5t      
imp5etrabl5ess ( hide & sl[ motion ( !  
elephant & rh9oc]os1 f ! f\l occupation 
( ! vulture1 f ! e>?y /ruggl+ ( ! worm1 
to ! brilliancy ( ! butt]fly1 ! buoyancy
 ( ! l>k1 ! swiftness ( ! fawn & !      
horse1 ! fair & k+ly s5sibility ( man4  
,sec4 #h4 ,! second p]fection ( !       
!oretic faculty z conc]n$ )        life 
is ju/ice ( moral judgm5t4  ,?us f> !n1 
! !oretic faculty is conc]n$ ) !        
happ9ess ( animals1 & its ex]cise dep5ds
 on ! cultivation ( ! affections only4  

,let u next obs]ve h[ x is conc]n$ ) !  
moral functions ( animals1 & !re=e h[ x 
is dep5d5t on ! cultivation ( e moral   
s5se4 ,!re is n any organic creature1 b 
9 its hi/ory & habits x %all exemplify  
or illu/rate to u "s moral excell5ce or 
defici5cy1 or "s po9t ( ,god's          
provid5tial gov]nm5t1 :i* x is necess>y 
= u to "k4 ,?us ! functions & ! fates ( 
animals are di/ribut$ to !m1 ) a v>iety 
:i* exhibits to u ! dignity & results ( 
almo/ e passion & k9d ( conduct1 "s     
fil?y & slo?ful1 p9+ & unhappy2 "s      
rapaci\s1 re/less1 & cruel2 "s ev] e>ne/
 & labori\s1 &1 ,i ?9k1 unhappy 9 _!    
endless labor1 creatures1 l ! bee1 t    
heap up ri*es & _c tell :o %all ga!r !m1
 & o!rs employ$ l angels 9 endless      
(fices ( love & praise4 ,( :i* :51 9 "r 
condition ( m9d1 we e/eem ^? mo/        
beautiful1 ^: functions are ! mo/ noble1
 :e!r z "s1 9 m]e en]gy1 or z o!rs1 9   
moral honor1 s t we look ) hate on !    
f\lness ( ! slo?1 & ! subtlety ( ! add]1
 & ! rage ( ! hy5a3 ) ! honor due to _! 

e>?ly wisdom we inve/ ! e>ne/ ant &     
unwe>i$ bee2 b we look ) full p]ception 
( sacr$ function to ! tribes ( burn+    
plumage & *oral voice4#cd ,& s :at      
lesson we might receive = our e>?ly     
conduct f ! creep+ & labori\s ?+s1 0    
taught u by t e>?ly k+ :o made silv] to 
be 9 ,j]usalem z /ones 7yet !reaft] 0   
less ri* t[>ds ,god74 ,b f ! lips ( an  
heav5ly ,k+1 :o _h n :]e to lay 8 head1 
we 7 taught :at lesson we h to le>n f ^?
 high] creatures :o s[ n1 nor reap1 nor 
ga!r into b>ns1 = _! ,heav5ly ,fa!r     
fe$e? !m4   ,sec4 #i4 ,h[ imp$$4  ,sec4 
#aj4 ,! influ5ce ( moral signs 9        
expression4  ,!re is mu* difficulty 9 ! 
way ( our look+ ) ?is rightly balanc$   
judgm5t on ! moral functions ( ! animal 
tribes1 ow+ to ! indep5d5t & (t5 oppos+ 
*>act]s ( typical beauty1 :i* are among 
!m1 z x seems1 arbitr>ily di/ribut$1 s t
 ! mo/ fi]ce & cruel are (t5 clo!d 9 !  
livelie/ colors1 & /r5g!n$ by ! noble/  
=ms1 ) ?is only exception1 t s f> z ,i  
"k1 !re is no high beauty 9 any slo?ful 

animal1 b ev5 among ^? ( prey1 its      
*>act]s exi/ 9 exalt$ measure ^u ^? t   
range & pursue1 & are 9 equal degree    
)drawn f ^? t lie subtly & sil5tly 9 !  
cov]t ( ! re$ & f5s4 ,b t m9d only is   
fully discipl9$ 9 its !oretic p[]1 :i*  
c1 :5 x *ooses1 ?r[+ (f ! sympa?ies &   
repugnancies ) :i* ! ideas (            
de/ructiv5ess or ( innoc5ce accu/om u to
 reg>d ! animal tribes1 z well z ^?     
mean] likes & dislikes :i* arise1 ,i    
?9k1 f ! great] or less resemblance (   
animal p[]s to our own1 c pursue !      
pleasures ( typical beauty d[n to !     
scales ( ! alligator1 ! coils ( ! s]p5t1
 & ! jo9ts ( ! beetle2 & aga91 on ! o!r 
h&1 reg>dless ( ! impressions ( typical 
beauty1 accept f ea* creature1 great or 
small1 ! m important lessons taught by  
its position 9 creation z suff]] or     
*a/is]1 z l[ly or hav+ dom9ion1 z ( f\l 
habit or l(ty aspiration1 & f ! sev]al  
p]fections :i* all illu/rate or possess1
 c\rage1 p]sev]ance1 indu/ry1 or        
intellig5ce1 or1 high] yet1 ( love &    

pati5ce1 & fidelity & rejoic+1 & nev]   
we>i$ praise4 ,:i* moral p]fections t !y
 inde$ are productive1 9 proportion to  
_! expression1 ( in/ant beauty          
in/9ctively felt1 is be/ prov$ by comp>+
 ^? p>ts ( animals 9 :i* !y are         
def9itely express$1 z = in/ance ! eye1 (
 :i* we %all f9d ^? uglie/ :i* h 9 !m no
 expression nor life :atev]1 b a        
corpse-l />e1 or an indef9ite mean+less 
gl>+1 z 9 "s lights1 ^? ( owls & cats1 &
 mo/ly ( insects & ( all creatures 9 :i*
 ! eye seems r an ext]nal1 optical      
in/rum5t ?an a bodily memb] ?r\gh :i*   
emotion & virtue ( s\l may be express$1 
7z pre-em95tly 9 ! *ameleon17 because ! 
seem+ want ( s5sibility & vitality 9 a  
liv+ creature is ! mo/ pa9ful ( all     
wants4 ,& next to ^! 9 ugl9ess come !   
eyes t ga9 vitality inde$1 b only by    
means ( ! expression ( int5se malignity1
 z 9 ! s]p5t & alligator2 & next to ^!1 
to ^: malignity is add$ ! virtue (      
subtlety & ke5ness1 z ( ! lynx & hawk2 &
 !n1 by dim9i%+ ! malignity & increas+ !

 expressions ( compreh5siv5ess &        
det]m9ation1 we arrive at ^? ( ! lion & 
eagle1 & at la/1 by de/roy+ malignity   
altoge!r1 at ! fair eye ( ! h]bivor\s   
tribes1 :]e9 ! sup]ioity ( beauty       
consi/s always 9 ! great] or less       
sweetness & g5tl5ess prim>ily1 z 9 !    
gazelle1 camel1 & ox1 & 9 ! great] or   
less intellect1 second>ily1 z 9 ! horse 
& dog1 & f9ally1 9 g5tl5ess & intellect 
bo? 9 man4 ,& aga91 tak+ ! m\?1 ano!r   
s\rce ( expression1 we f9d x uglie/ :]e 
x has none1 z mo/ly 9 fi%1 or p]haps :]e
 )\t ga9+ mu* 9 expression ( any k9d1 x 
becomes a =midable de/ructive in/rum5t1 
z aga9 9 ! alligator1 & !n1 by "s       
increase ( expression1 we arrive at     
birds' beaks1 :]e9 !re is m obta9$ by ! 
diff]5t ways ( sett+ on ! m&ibles ?an is
 commonly suppos$1 7comp>e ! bills ( !  
duck & ! eagle17 & !nce we rea* ! f9ely 
develop$ lips ( ! c>nivora1 :i*         
nev]!less lose t beauty !y h1 9 !       
actions ( sn>l+ & bit+1 & f ^! we pass  
to ! nobl] because g5tl] & m s5sible1 ( 

! horse1 camel1 & fawn1 & s aga9 up to  
man1 only !re is less traceabl5ess ( !  
pr9ciple 9 ! m\?s ( ! l[] animals1      
because !y are 9 slight measure only    
capable ( expression1 & *iefly us$ z    
in/rum5ts1 & t ( l[ function1 :]eas 9   
man ! m\? is giv5 mo/ def9itely z a     
means ( expression1 beyond & above its  
l[] functions4 ,comp>e ! rem>ks ( ,sir  
,*>les ,bell on ?is subject 9 8 ,essay  
on ,expression1 & comp>e ! m\? ( ! negro
 head giv5 by him 7p4 #bh1 ?ird edition7
 ) t ( ,raffaelle's ,/4 ,ca!r9e4 ,i %all
 illu/rate ! subject f>!r h]eaft] by    
giv+ ! m\? ( "o ( ! demons ( ,orcagna's 
,inf]no1 ) project+ incisors1 & t ( a   
fi% & a sw9e1 9 opposition to pure      
gram9ivor\s & human =ms2 b at pres5t x  
is suffici5t = my purpose to insi/ on ! 
s+le great pr9ciple1 t1 :]ev] expression
 is possible1 & un9t]f]$ ) by *>act]s ( 
typical beauty1 :i* confuse ! subject   
exce$+ly z reg>ds ! m\?1 7= ! typical   
beauty ( ! c>nivor\s lips is on a gr&   
scale1 :ile x exi/s 9 v l[ degree 9 !   

beaks ( birds17 :]ev]1 ,i say1 ^!       
consid]ations d n int]f]e1 ! beauty ( ! 
animal =m is 9 exact proportion to !    
am\nt ( moral or intellectual virtue    
express$ by x2 & :]ev] beauty exi/s at  
all1 !re is "s k9d ( virtue to :i* x is 
ow+1 z ! maje/y ( ! lion's eye is ow+ n 
to its f]ocity1 b to its s]i\sness &    
seem+ intellect1 & ( ! lion's m\? to its
 /r5g? & s5sibility1 & n its gna%+ (    
tee?1 nor wr9kl+ 9 its wra?2 & f>!r be x
 not$1 t ( ! intellectual or moral      
virtues1 ! moral are ^? :i* are att5d$ )
 mo/ beauty1 s t ! g5tle eye ( ! gazelle
 is fair] to look ^u ?an ! m ke5 glance 
( m51 if x be unk9d4   ,sec4 #aa4 ,z    
also 9 plants4  ,( ! p>allel effects (  
expression ^u plants !re is little to be
 not$1 z ! m]e nam+ ( ! subject _c b br+
 c\ntless illu/rations to ! m9d ( e     
read]3 only ?is1 t1 z we saw !y 7 less  
susceptible ( our sympa!tic love1 ow+ to
 ! abs5ce 9 !m ( capability ( enjoym5t1 
s !y are less op5 to ! affections bas$  
^u ! expression ( moral virtue1 ow+ to  

_! want ( volition2 s t ev5 on ^? ( !m  
:i* are deadly & unk9d we look n )\t    
pleasure1 ! m because ?is _! evil       
op]ation _c be by !m outw>dly express$1 
b only by u empirically kn[n2 s t ( !   
outw>d seem+s & expressions ( plants1   
!re are few b are 9 "s way good & !re=e 
beautiful1 z ( humility1 & mode/y1 &    
love ( places & ?+s1 9 ! rea*+ out ( _! 
arms1 & clasp+ ( _! t5drils2 & en]gy (  
resi/ance1 & pati5ce ( suff]+1 &        
b5efic5ce "o t[>ds ano!r 9 %ade &       
protection1 & to u also 9 sc5ts & fruits
 7= ( _! heal+ virtues1 h[ev] important 
to u1 !re is no m outw>d s5se nor seem+ 
?an ( _! prop]ties mortal or dang]\s74  
,sec4 #ab ,recapitulation4  ,:5ce1 9    
f9e1 look+ to ! :ole k+dom ( organic    
nature1 we f9d t our full receiv+ ( its 
beauty dep5ds fir/ on ! s5sibility & !n 
on ! accuracy & t\*/one fai?fulness ( ! 
he>t 9 its moral judgm5ts1 s t x is     
necess>y t we %\ld n only love all      
creatures well1 b e/eem !m 9 t ord] :i* 
is accord+ to ,god's laws & n accord+ to

 our own human passions & pr$ilections1 
n look+ = swiftness1 & /r5g?1 & cunn+1 r
 ?an = pati5ce & k9dness1 /ill less     
delight+ 9 _! animosity & cruelty "o    
t[>ds ano!r1 nei!r1 if x may be avoid$1 
int]f]+ ) ! work+ ( nature 9 any way1   
nor1 :5 we int]f]e to obta9 s]vice1     
judg+ f ! morbid conditions ( ! animal  
or vegetable s induc$2 = we see e day ! 
!oretic faculty entirely de/roy$ 9 ^? :o
 are int]e/$ 9 p>ticul> animals1 by _!  
delight 9 ! results ( _! own tea*+1 & by
 ! va9 /ra9+ ( curiosity = new =ms su* z
 nature nev] int5d$1 z ! disgu/+ types =
 in/ance1 :i* we see e>ne/ly s\ght = by 
! fanci]s ( rabbits & pigeons1 &        
con/antly 9 horses1 sub/itut+ = ! true &
 balanc$ beauty ( ! free creature "s    
morbid developm5t ( a s+le p[]1 z (     
swiftness 9 ! rac]1 at ! exp5se1 9 c]ta9
 measure1 ( ! animal's heal?y           
con/itution & f95ess ( =m2 & s ! delight
 ( horticulturi/s 9 ! spoil+ ( plants2 s
 t 9 all cases we are to bew>e ( su*    
op9ions z seem 9 any way ref]able to    

human pride1 or ev5 to ! grateful or    
p]nici\s influ5ce ( ?+s ^u ourselves1 & 
to ca/ ! m9d free1 & out ( ourselves1   
humbly1 & yet always 9 t noble position 
( pause above ! o!r visible creatures1  
ne>] ,god ?an !y1 :i* we au?oritatively 
hold1 !nce look+ d[n ^u !m1 & te/+ !    
cle>ness ( our moral vision by ! ext5t1 
& fulness1 & con/ancy ( our pleasure 9 !
 light ( ,god's love z x embraces !m1 & 
! h>mony ( 8 holy laws1 t =ev] br+ m]cy 
out ( rap9e1 & religion out ( wra?4     
,,footnotes    #ca ,soldanella ,alp9a4  
#cb ,i w\ld h ,mr4 ,l&se]1 be=e he gives
 u any m wri?+     ott]s1 or yelp+      
packs1 reflect :e!r t :i* is be/ wor?y  
( contemplation 9 a h\nd be its f]ocity1
 or 9 an ott] its     agony1 or 9 a     
human be+ its victory1 h>dly a*iev$ ev5 
)     ! aid ( its m sagaci\s brutal     
allies ov] a poor little     fi%-cat*+  
creature1 a foot long4    #cc ,comp>e   
,milton4                            ,!y 
at h] com+ sprung                ,& t\*$
 by h] fair t5dance1 gladli] grew    #cd

        ,type ( ! wise--:o so>1 b nev]  
roam1                ,true to ! k9dr$   
po9ts ( heav5 & home4                   
7,,wordswor?4--,to ! ,skyl>k47          
,,*apt] ,,xiii4                     ,,( 
,,vital ,,beauty4--,,secondly ,,z       
,,g5]ic4   ,sec4 #a4 ,! beauty (        
fulfilm5t ( appo9t$ function 9 e animal4
  ,hi!rto we h obs]v$ ! conclusions ( ! 
!oretic faculty ) respect to ! relations
 ( happ9ess1 & ( m or less exalt$       
function exi/+ betwe5 diff]5t ord]s (   
organic be+4 ,b we mu/ pursue ! inquiry 
f>!r yet1 & obs]ve :at impressions (    
beauty are connect$ ) m or less p]fect  
fulfilm5t ( ! appo9t$ function by       
diff]5t individuals ( ! same species4   
,we are n[ no long] call$ to pron\nce ^u
 wor?9ess ( occupation or dignity (     
disposition2 b bo? employm5t & capacity 
be+ kn[n1 & ! animal's position & duty  
fix$1 we h to reg>d x 9 t respect alone1
 comp>+ x ) o!r individuals ( its       
species1 & to det]m9e h[ f> x wor?ily   
executes its (fice2 :e!r1 if scorpion1 x

 ha? poison en\gh1 or if tig]1 /r5g?    
en\gh1 or if dove1 innoc5ce en\gh1 to   
su/a9 rightly its place 9 creation1 &   
come up to ! p]fect idea ( dove1 tig]1  
or scorpion4  ,9 ! fir/ or sympa!tic    
op]ation ( ! !oretic faculty1 x w be    
rememb]$1 we receive pleasure f ! signs 
( m]e happ9ess 9 liv+ ?+s4 ,9 ! second  
!oretic op]ation ( comp>+ & judg+1 we   
con/itut$ ourselves su* judges ( ! l[]  
creatures z ,adam 0 made by ,god :5 !y 7
 br\ght to him to be nam$1 & we all[$ ( 
beauty 9 !m z !y rea*$1 m or less1 to t 
/&>d ( moral p]fection by :i* we te/    
ourselves4 ,b1 9 ! ?ird place1 we are to
 come d[n aga9 f ! judgm5t seat1 & tak+ 
x = grant$ t e creature ( ,god is 9 "s  
way good1 & has a duty & specific       
op]ation provid5tially accessory to !   
well-be+ ( all1 we are to look 9 ?is    
fai? to t employm5t & nature ( ea*1 & to
 d]ive pleasure f _! entire p]fection & 
fitness = ! duty !y h to d1 & 9 _!      
entire fulfilm5t ( x3 & s we are to take
 pleasure & f9d beauty 9 ! magnific5t   

b9d+ toge!r ( ! jaws ( ! i*?yosaurus =  
cat*+ & hold+1 & 9 ! adaptation ( ! lion
 = spr++1 & ( ! locu/ = de/roy+1 & ( !  
l>k = s++1 & 9 e creature = ! do+ ( t   
:i* ,god has made x to d4 ,:i* fai?ful  
pleasure 9 ! p]ception ( ! p]fect       
op]ation ( l[] creatures ,i h plac$ la/ 
among ! p]fections ( ! !oretic faculty  
conc]n+ !m1 because x is commonly la/   
acquir$1 bo? ow+ to ! humbl5ess &       
tru/fulness ( he>t :i* x dem&s1 &       
because x implies a k ( ! habits &      
/ructure ( e creature1 su* z we c b     
imp]fectly possess4   ,sec4 #b4 ,! two  
s5ses ( ! ^w ideal4 ,ei!r x ref]s to    
action (        ! imag9ation4  ,! p]fect
 idea ( ! =m & condition 9 :i* all !    
prop]ties ( ! species are fully         
develop$1 is call$ ! ideal ( ! species4 
,! "q ( ! nature ( ideal conception (   
species1 & ( ! mode 9 :i* ! m9d arrives 
at x1 has be5 ! subject ( s mu*         
discussion1 & s\rce ( s mu* emb>rassm5t1
 *iefly ow+ to t un=tunate di/9ction    
betwe5 idealism & realism :i* leads mo/ 

p to imag9e ! ideal oppos$ to ! real1 & 
!re=e false1 t ,i ?9k x necess>y to     
reque/ ! read]'s mo/ c>eful att5tion to 
! foll[+ positions4  ,any "w ( art :i*  
repres5ts1 n a mat]ial object1 b ! m5tal
 conception ( a mat]ial object1 is1 9 ! 
prim>y s5se ( ! ^w ideal2 t is to say1 x
 repres5ts an idea1 & n a ?+4 ,any "w ( 
art :i* repres5ts or realizes a mat]ial 
object1 is1 9 ! prim>y s5se ( ! t]m1    
unideal4  ,ideal works ( art1 !re=e1 9  
?is fir/ s5se1 repres5t ! result ( an   
act ( imag9ation1 & are good or bad 9   
proportion to ! heal?y condition & g5]al
 p[] ( ! imag9ation1 ^: acts !y         
repres5t4  ,unideal works ( art 7!      
/udi\s production ( :i* is t]m$ realism7
 repres5t actual exi/+ ?+s1 & are good  
or bad 9 proportion to ! p]fection ( !  
repres5tation4  ,all entirely bad works 
( art may be divid$ into ^? :i*1 pr(ess+
 to be imag9ative1 be> no /amp (        
imag9ation1 & are !re=e false1 & ^? :i*1
 pr(ess+ to be repres5tative ( matt]1   
miss ( ! repres5tation & are !re=e      

nugatory4  ,x is ! habit ( mo/ obs]v]s  
to reg>d art z repres5tative ( matt]1 & 
to look only = ! entir5ess (            
repres5tation2 & x 0 to ?is view ( art t
 ,i limit$ ! argum5ts ( ! =m] sections (
 ! pres5t "w1 :]e9 hav+ to oppose !     
conclusions ( a criticism entirely bas$ 
^u ! reali/ sy/em1 ,i 0 compell$ to meet
 t criticism on its own gr\nds4 ,b !    
great] "p ( works ( art1 m especially ^?
 devot$ to ! expression ( ideas (       
beauty1 are ! results ( ! ag5cy (       
imag9ation1 _! wor?9ess dep5d+1 z above 
/at$1 on ! heal?y condition ( !         
imag9ation4  ,h5ce x is necess>y = u1 9 
ord] to arrive at conclusions respect+ !
 wor?9ess ( su* works1 to def9e & exam9e
 ! nature ( ! imag9ative faculty1 & to  
det]m9e fir/ :at are ! signs or         
conditions ( its exi/5ce at all2 &      
secondly1 :at are ! evid5ces ( its      
heal?y & effici5t exi/5ce1 ^u :i*       
exam9ation ,i %all ent] 9 ! second      
section ( ! pres5t "p4   ,sec4 #c4 ,or  
to p]fection ( type4  ,b !re is ano!r   

s5se ( ! ^w ideal besides ?is1 & x is t 
) :i* we are "h conc]n$4 ,x is evid5t t1
 s long z we use ! ^w to signify t art  
:i* repres5ts ideas & n ?+s1 we may use 
x z truly ( ! art :i* repres5ts an idea 
( ,caliban1 & n real ,caliban1 z ( ! art
 :i* repres5ts an idea ( ,ant9\s1 & n   
real ,ant9\s4 ,= t is z mu* imag9ation  
:i* conceives ! mon/] z :i* conceives ! 
man4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,caliban & ,ant9\s be  
creatures ( ! same species1 & ! =m ( !  
"o conta9 n ! fully develop$ types or   
*>act]s ( ! species1 :ile ! =m ( ! o!r  
pres5ts ! great] "p ( !m1 !n ! latt] is 
said to be a =m m ideal ?an ! o!r1 z a  
ne>] approximation to ! g5]al idea or   
conception ( ! species4   ,sec4 #d4 ,?is
 la/ s5se h[ inaccurate1 yet to be      
reta9$4  ,n[ x is evid5t t ?is use ( !  
^w ideal is mu* less accurate ?an ! o!r1
 f :i* x is d]iv$1 = x re/s on !        
assumption t ! assemblage ( all !       
*>act]s ( a species 9 _! p]fect         
developm5t _c exi/ b 9 ! imag9ation4 ,= 
if x c actually & 9 reality exi/1 x is n

 "r to call x ideal or imag9>y2 x w\ld  
be bett] to call x *>act]i/ic or g5]al1 
& to res]ve ! ^w ideal = ! results ( !  
op]ation ( ! imag9ation1 ei!r on !      
p]fect or imp]fect =ms4  ,nev]!less1 !  
^w ideal has be5 s long & univ]sally    
accept$ 9 ?is s5se1 t ,i ?9k x bett] to 
cont9ue ! use ( x1 s only t ! read] w be
 c>eful to obs]ve ! di/9ction 9 ! s5se1 
accord+ to ! subject matt] "u           
discussion4 ,at pres5t !n1 us+ x z      
expressive ( ! noble g5]ic =m :i*       
indicates ! full p]fection ( ! creature 
9 all its functions1 ,i wi% to exam9e h[
 f> ?is p]ception exi/s or may exi/ 9   
nature1 & if n 9 nature1 h[ x is by u   
discov]able or imag9able4   ,sec4 #e4 ,(
 ,ideal =m4 ,fir/1 9 ! l[] animals4  ,n[
 x is bett]1 :5 we wi% to arrive at     
tru?1 always to take famili> in/ances1  
:]e9 ! m9d is n likely to be biass$ by  
any elevat$ associations or favorite    
!ories4 ,let u ask !re=e1 fir/1 :at k9d 
( ideal =m may be attribut$ to a limpet 
or an oy/]1 t is to say1 :e!r all oy/]s 

d or d n come up to ! entire notion or  
idea ( an oy/]4 ,i appreh5d t1 al?\gh 9 
respect ( size1 age1 & k9d ( fe$+1 !re  
may be "s diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 yet ( ^?  
:i* are ( full size & heal?y condition  
!re w be f\nd _m :i* fulfil ! conditions
 ( an oy/] 9 e respect1 & t s p]fectly1 
t we c\ld n1 by comb9+ ! features ( two 
or m toge!r1 produce a m p]fect oy/] ?an
 any t we see4 ,i suppose also1 t1 out (
 a numb] ( heal?y fi%1 birds1 or bea/s (
 ! same species1 x w\ld n be easy to    
select an individual z sup]ior to all ! 
re/2 nei!r by comp>+ two or m ( ! nobl] 
examples toge!r1 to arrive at !         
conception ( a =m sup]ior to t ( ei!r2 b
 t1 ?\gh ! accid5ts ( m abundant food or
 m fitt+ habitation may induce among !m 
"s v>ieties ( size1 /r5g?1 & color1 yet 
! entire g5]ic =m w\ld be pres5t$ by _m1
 nei!r w\ld any art be able to add to or
 dim9i% f x4   ,sec4 #f4 ,9 :at         
consi/5t4  ,x is1 !re=e1 h>dly "r to use
 ! ^w ideal ( ! g5]ic =ms ( ^!          
creatures1 ( :i* we see actual examples2

 b if we are to use x1 !n be x di/9ctly 
und]/ood t _! ideality consi/s 9 ! full 
developm5t ( all ! p[]s & prop]ties ( ! 
creature z su*1 & is inconsi/5t )       
accid5tal or imp]fect developm5ts1 & ev5
 ) great v>iation f av]age size1 ! ideal
 size be+ nei!r gigantic nor dim9utive1 
b ! utmo/ gr&eur & entir5ess (          
proportion at a c]ta9 po9t above ! mean 
size2 = z m individuals always fall %ort
 ( g5]ic size ?an rise above x1 ! g5]ic 
is above ! av]age or mean size4 ,& ?is  
p]fection ( ! creature inv>iably        
involves ! utmo/ possible degree ( all  
^? prop]ties ( beauty1 bo? typical &    
vital1 :i* x is appo9t$ to possess4     
,sec4 #g4 ,ideal =m 9 vegetables4  ,let 
u next obs]ve ! conditions ( ideality 9 
vegetables4 ,out ( a l>ge numb] (       
primroses or violets1 ,i appreh5d t1    
al?\gh "o or two might be l>g] ?an all !
 re/1 ! great] "p w\ld be v suffici5t   
primroses & violets4 ,& t we c\ld1 by no
 /udy nor comb9ation ( violets1 conceive
 ( a bett] violet ?an _m 9 ! b$4 ,& s   

g5]ally ( ! blossoms & sep>ate memb]s ( 
all vegetables4  ,b among ! entire =ms (
 ! complex vegetables1 z ( oak-trees1 = 
in/ance1 !re exi/s v l>ge & con/ant     
diff]5ce1 "s be+ :at we hold to be f9e  
oaks1 z 9 p>ks1 & places :]e !y are tak5
 c>e (1 & h _! own way1 & "s are b poor 
& mean oaks1 :i* h _h no "o to take c>e 
( !m1 b h be5 oblig$ to ma9ta9 !mselves4
  ,t :i* we h to det]m9e is1 :e!r       
ideality be pr$icable ( ! f9e oaks only1
 or :e!r ! poor & mean oaks also may be 
consid]$ z ideal1 t is1 com+ up to !    
conditions ( oak1 & ! g5]al notion (    
oak4   ,sec4 #h4 ,! diff]5ce ( position 
betwe5 plants & animals4  ,n[ !re is ?is
 diff]5ce betwe5 ! positions held 9     
creation by animals & plants1 & !nce 9 !
 dispositions ) :i* we reg>d !m2 t !    
animals1 be+ = ! mo/ "p locomotive1 are 
capable bo? ( liv+ :]e !y *oose1 & (    
obta9+ :at food !y want1 & ( fulfill+   
all ! conditions necess>y to _! heal? & 
p]fection4 ,= :i* reason !y are         
answ]able = su* heal? & p]fection1 & we 

%\ld be displeas$ & hurt if we did n f9d
 x 9 "o individual z well z ano!r4      
,sec4 #i4 ,admits ( v>iety 9 ! ideal ( !
 =m]4  ,b ! case is evid5tly diff]5t )  
plants4 ,!y are int5d$ fix$ly to occupy 
_m places comp>atively unfit = !m1 & to 
fill up all ! spaces :]e gre5ness1 &    
coolness1 & ornam5t1 & oxyg5 are want$1 
& t ) v little ref]5ce to _! com=t or   
conv5i5ce4 ,n[ x w\ld be h>d ^u ! plant 
if1 aft] be+ ti$ to a p>ticul> spot1 :]e
 x is inde$ mu* want$1 & is a great     
bless+1 b :]e x has en\gh to d to live1 
:5ce x _c move to obta9 :at x wants or  
likes1 b mu/ /ret* its un=tunate arms "h
 & !re = b>e brea? & light1 & split its 
way among rocks1 & grope = su/5ance 9   
unk9dly soil2 x w\ld be h>d ^u ! plant1 
,i say1 if "u all ^! disadvantages1 x 7 
made answ]able = its appe>ance1 & f\nd  
fault ) because x 0 n a f9e plant ( !   
k9d4 ,& s we f9d x orda9$ t 9 ord] t no 
unk9d comp>isons may be drawn betwe5 "o 
& ano!r1 !re are n appo9t$ to plants !  
fix$ numb]1 position1 & proportion (    

memb]s :i* are orda9$ 9 animals1 7& any 
v>iation f :i* 9 ^! is unp>donable17 b a
 cont9ually v>y+ numb] & position1 ev5  
among ! m freely gr[+ examples1 admitt+ 
!re=e all k9ds ( lic5se to ^? :i* h     
enemies to cont5d )1 & t )\t 9 any way  
detract+ f _! dignity & p]fection4  ,s  
!n !re is 9 trees no p]fect =m :i* c be 
fix$ ^u or reason$ out z ideal2 b t is  
always an ideal oak :i*1 h[ev]          
pov]ty-/rick51 or hung]-p9*$1 or        
tempe/-tortur$1 is yet se5 to h done1 "u
 its appo9t$ circum/ances1 all t c\ld be
 expect$ ( oak4  ,! ideal1 !re=e1 ( !   
p>k oak is t to :i* ,i allud$ 9 !       
conclusion ( ! =m] "p ( ?is "w1 full    
size1 unit$ t]m9al curve1 equal &       
symmetrical range ( bran*es on ea* side4
 ,! ideal ( ! m\nta9 oak may be any?+1  
twi/+1 & lean+1 & %att]$1 &             
rock-encumb]$1 s only t amid/ all its   
mis=tunes1 x ma9ta9 ! dignity ( oak2 &1 
inde$1 ,i look ^u ?is k9d ( tree z m    
ideal ?an ! o!r1 9 s f> z by its ef=ts &
 /ruggles1 m ( its nature1 endur+ p[]1  

pati5ce 9 wait+ =1 & +5uity 9 obta9+ :at
 x wants1 is br\ght out1 & s m ( !      
ess5ce ( oak exhibit$1 ?an "u m =tunate 
conditions4   ,sec4 #aj4 ,ideal =m 9    
vegetables de/roy$ by cultivation4  ,&  
h]e91 !n1 we at la/ f9d ! cause ( t fact
 :i* we h twice already not$1 t ! exalt$
 or seem+ly improv$ condition1 :e!r (   
plant or animal1 induc$ by human        
int]f]5ce1 is n ! true & arti/ical ideal
 ( x4#ce ,x has be5 well %[n by ,dr4    
,h]b]t1#cf t _m plants are f\nd alone on
 a c]ta9 soil or subsoil 9 a wild /ate1 
n because su* soil is favorable to !m1 b
 because !y alone are capable ( exi/+ on
 x1 & because all dang]\s rivals are by 
its inhospitality remov$4 ,n[ if we     
)draw ! plant f ?is position1 :i* x     
h>dly endures1 & supply x ) ! e>?1 &    
ma9ta9 ab\t x ! temp]ature t x delights 
92 )draw+ f x at ! same "t all rivals   
:i*1 9 su* conditions nature w\ld h ?ru/
 ^u x1 we %all inde$ obta9 a            
magnific5tly develop$ example ( ! plant1
 colossal 9 size1 & spl5did 9           

organization1 b we %all utt]ly lose 9 x 
t moral ideal :i* is dep5d5t on its "r  
fulfilm5t ( its appo9t$ functions4 ,x 0 
int5d$ & creat$ by ! ,deity = ! cov]+ ( 
^? lonely spots :]e no o!r plant c\ld   
live2 x has be5 !reto end[$ ) c\rage1 & 
/r5g?1 & capacities ( endurance         
unequall$2 its "* & glory are n !re=e 9 
! glutton\s & idle feel+ ( its own ov]  
luxuriance1 at ! exp5se ( o!r creatures 
utt]ly de/roy$ & root$ out = its good   
alone1 b 9 its "r do+ ( its h>d duty2 & 
=w>d climb+ into ^? spots ( =lorn hope  
:]e x alone c be> witness to ! k9dness &
 pres5ce ( ! ,_s t cutte? out riv]s     
among ! rocks1 z x cov]s ! valleys )    
corn3 & !re1 9 its vanw>d place1 & only 
!re1 :]e no?+ is )drawn = x1 nor hurt by
 x1 & :]e no?+ c take "p ( its honor1   
nor usurp its ?rone1 are its /r5g?1 &   
fairness1 & price1 & goodness 9 ! sight 
( ,god1 to be truly e/eem$4   ,sec4 #aa4
 ,in/ance 9 ! ,soldanella & ,ranunculus4
  ,! fir/ "t t ,i saw ! soldanella      
alp9a1 be=e spok5 (1 x 0 gr[+1 (        

magnific5t size1 on a sunny ,alp9e      
pa/ure1 among bleat+ ( %eep & l[+ (     
cattle1 associat$ ) a pr(usion ( geum   
montanum1 & ranunculus pyr5aeus4 ,i     
notic$ x only because new to me1 nor    
p]ceiv$ any peculi> beauty 9 its clov5  
fl[]4 ,"s days aft]1 ,i f\nd x alone1   
among ! rack ( ! high] cl\ds1 & h[l+ (  
glaci] w9ds1 &1 z ,i describ$ x1 pi]c+  
?r\gh an edge ( avalan*e1 :i* 9 its     
retir+ _h left ! new gr\nd br[n &       
lifeless1 & z if burn$ by rec5t fire2 ! 
plant 0 poor & feeble1 & seem+ly exhau/$
 ) its ef=ts1 b x 0 !n t ,i compreh5d$  
its ideal "*1 & saw its noble function &
 ord] ( glory among ! con/ellations ( ! 
e>?4  ,! ranunculus glacialis might     
p]haps1 by cultivation1 be blan*$ f its 
wan & corpse-l pal5ess to pur] :ite1 &  
won to m bran*$ & l(ty developm5t ( its 
ragg$ leaves4 ,b ! ideal ( ! plant is to
 be f\nd only 9 ! la/1 loose /ones ( !  
mora9e1 alone !re2 wet ) ! cold1 unk9dly
 drip ( ! glaci] wat]1 & trembl+ z !    
loose & /eep du/ to :i* x cl+s yields   

ev] & anon1 & %udd]s & crumbles away f  
ab\t its root4   ,sec4 #ab4 ,! beauty ( 
repose & felicity1 h[ consi/5t ) su*    
ideal4  ,& if x be ask$ h[ ?is          
conception ( ! utmo/ beauty ( ideal =m  
is consi/5t ) :at we =m]ly argu$        
respect+ ! pleasantness ( ! appe>ance ( 
felicity 9 ! creature1 let x be obs]v$1 
& =ev] held1 t ! "r & true happ9ess ( e 
creature1 is 9 ?is v dis*>ge ( its      
function1 & 9 ^? ef=ts by :i* its /r5g? 
& inh]5t en]gy are develop$3 & t !      
repose ( :i* we also spoke z necess>y to
 all beauty1 is1 z 0 !n /at$1 repose n (
 inanition1 nor ( luxury1 nor (         
irresolution1 b ! repose ( magnific5t   
en]gy & be+2 9 action1 ! calmness ( tru/
 & det]m9ation2 9 re/1 ! consci\sness ( 
duty accompli%$ & ( victory won1 & ?is  
repose & ?is felicity c take place z    
well 9 ! mid/ ( trial & tempe/1 z beside
 ! wat]s ( com=t2 !y p]i% only :5 !     
creature is ei!r unfai?ful to itself1 or
 is afflict$ by circum/ances unnatural &
 malignant to its be+1 & = ! cont5d+ )  

:i* x 0 nei!r fitt$ nor orda9$4 ,h5ce t 
re/ :i* is inde$ glori\s is ( ! *amois  
c\*$ brea?less on 8 granite b$1 n ( !   
/all$ ox ov] 8 fodd]1 & t happ9ess :i*  
is inde$ beautiful is 9 ! be>+ ( ^?     
trial te/s :i* are appo9t$ = ! prov+ ( e
 creature1 :e!r x be good1 or :e!r x be 
evil2 & 9 ! fulfilm5t to ! utt]mo/ ( e  
comm& x has receiv$1 & ! out-c>ry+ to ! 
utt]mo/ ( e p[] & gift x has gott5 f its
 ,god4   ,sec4 #ac4 ,! ideality ( ,art4 
,!re=e ! task ( ! pa9t] 9 8 pursuit (   
ideal =m is to atta9 accurate k1 s f> z 
may be 9 8 p[]1 ( ! "*1 habits1 &       
peculi> virtues & duties ( e species (  
be+2 d[n ev5 to ! /one1 = !re is an     
ideality ( /ones accord+ to _! k9d1 an  
ideality ( granite & slate & m>ble1 & x 
is 9 ! utmo/ & mo/ exalt$ exhibition (  
su* individual "*1 ord]1 & use1 t all   
ideality ( art consi/s4 ,! m cauti\s he 
is 9 assign+ ! "r species ( moss to its 
favorite trunk1 & ! "r k9d ( we$ to its 
necess>y /one1 9 m>k+ ! def9ite &       
*>act]i/ic leaf1 blossom1 se$1 fracture1

 color1 & inw>d anatomy ( ev]y?+1 ! m   
truly ideal 8 "w becomes4 ,all confusion
 ( species1 all c>eless r5d]+ ( "*1 all 
unnatural & arbitr>y association1 is    
vulg> & unideal 9 proportion to its     
degree4   ,sec4 #ad4 ,h[ connect$ ) !   
imag9ative faculties4  ,x is to be not$1
 h[ev]1 t nature sometimes 9 a measure  
h]self conceals ^! g5]ic diff]5ces1 & t 
:5 %e displays !m x is commonly on a    
scale too small = human h& to foll[4  ,!
 pursuit & seizure ( ! g5]ic diff]5ces 9
 _! concealm5t1 & ! display ( !m on a   
l>g] & m palpable scale1 is "o ( !      
:olesome & heal?y op]ations ( !         
imag9ation ( :i* we are pres5tly to     
speak4#cg  ,g5]ic diff]5ces be+ commonly
 exhibit$ by art 9 diff]5t mann] & way f
 t ( _! natural occurr5ce1 are 9 ?is    
respect m /rictly & truly ideal 9 art   
?an 9 reality4   ,sec4 #ae4 ,ideality1  
h[ belong+ to ages & conditions4  ,?is  
only rema9s to be not$1 t1 ( all        
creatures ^: exi/5ce involves bir?1     
progress1 & dissolution1 ideality is    

pr$icable all ?r\gh _! exi/5ce1 s t !y  
be p]fect ) ref]5ce to _! suppos$ p]iod 
( be+4 ,?us !re is an ideal ( infancy1 (
 y\?1 ( old age1 ( dea?1 & ( decay4 ,b  
:5 ! ideal =m ( ! species is spok5 ( or 
conceiv$ 9 g5]al t]ms1 ! =m is und]/ood 
to be ( t p]iod :5 ! g5]ic attributes   
are p]fectly develop$1 & previ\s to !   
comm5cem5t ( _! decl9e4 ,at :i* p]iod   
all ! *>act]s ( vital & typical beauty  
are commonly mo/ conc5trat$ 9 !m1 ?\gh !
 arrangem5t & proportion ( ^! *>act]s   
v>ies at diff]5t p]iods1 y\? hav+ m ( ! 
vigor\s beauty1 & age ( ! repos+2 y\? ( 
typical outw>d fairness1 & age ( exp&$ &
 e!realiz$ moral expression2 ! babe1    
aga91 9 "s measure aton+ 9 gracefulness 
= its want ( /r5g?1 s t ! balanc$ glory 
( ! creature cont9ues 9 solemn          
int]*ange1 p]haps ev5                   
,fill+ m & m ) cry/al light1            
,z p5sive ev5+ deep5s into night4       
,hi!rto1 h[ev]1 we h conf9$ ourselves to
 ! exam9ation ( ideal =m 9 ! l[]        
animals1 & we h f\nd t1 to arrive at x1 

no comb9ation ( =ms nor ex]tion ( fancy 
is requir$1 b only simple *oice among ^?
 naturally pres5t$1 toge!r ) c>eful     
inve/igation & anatomiz+ ( ! habits ( ! 
creatures4 ,i fe> we %all arrive at a v 
diff]5t conclusion1 9 consid]+ ! ideal  
=m ( man4   ,,footnotes    #ce ,i speak 
n "h ( ^? conditions ( vegetation :i* h 
especial ref]5ce to man1 z ( se$s &     
fruits1 ^: sweetness     & f>9a seem 9  
great measure giv51 n = ! plant's sake1 
b = 81 & to :i* !re=e ! int]ruption 9 ! 
h>mony     ( creation ( :i* he 0 ! cause
 is ext5d$1 & _!     sweetness & l>g]   
measure ( good to be obta9$ only by 8   
r$eem+ labor4 ,8 curse has fall5 on !   
corn & ! v9e1 &     ! wild b>ley misses 
( its fulness1 t he may eat bread by !  
sweat ( 8 br[4    #cf ,j\rnal ( !       
,horticultural ,society4 ,"p ,i4    #cg 
,comp>e ,sect4 ,,ii4 ,*ap4 ,,iv4        
,,*apt] ,,xiv4                       ,,(
 ,,vital ,,beauty4--,,?irdly1 ,,9 ,,man4
   ,sec4 #a4 ,condition ( ! human       
creature entirely diff]5t f t ( !       

l[] animals4  ,hav+ ?us pass$ gradually 
?r\gh all ! ord]s & fields ( creation1 &
 trav]s$ t goodly l9e ( ,god's happy    
creatures :o leap n1 b express a fea/1  
:]e all ! gue/s sit close1 & no?+ wants1
 )\t f9d+ any defici5cy :i* human       
inv5tion might supply1 nor any h>m :i*  
human int]f]5ce might m5d1 we come at   
la/ to set ourselves face to face )     
ourselves1 expect+ t 9 creatures made   
aft] ! image ( ,god we are to f9d       
comel9ess & completion m exquisite ?an 9
 ! f[ls ( ! air & ! ?+s t pass ?r\gh !  
pa?s ( ! sea4  ,b behold n[ a sudd5     
*ange f all =m] exp]i5ce4 ,no long]     
among ! individuals ( ! race is !re     
equality or lik5ess1 a di/ribut$        
fairness & fix$ type visible 9 ea*1 b   
evil div]sity1 & t]rible /amp ( v>i\s   
degradation2 features seam$ ) sickness1 
dimm$ by s5suality1 convuls$ by passion1
 p9*$ by pov]ty1 %ad[$ by sorr[1 br&$ ) 
remorse2 bodies consum$ ) slo?1 brok5   
d[n by labor1 tortur$ by disease1       
di%onor$ 9 f\l uses2 intellects )\t p[]1

 he>ts )\t hope1 m9ds e>?ly & devili%2  
our bones full ( ! s9 ( our y\?1 ! heav5
 reveal+ our iniquity1 ! e>? ris+ up    
aga9/ u1 ! roots dri$ up b5ea?1 & !     
bran* cut (f above2 well = u only1 if1  
aft] behold+ ?is our natural face 9 a   
glass1 we desire n /raightway to =get   
:at mann] ( m5 we be4   ,sec4 #b4 ,:at  
room "h = idealization4  ,h]e9 !re is at
 la/ some?+1 & too mu*1 = t %ort /opp+  
intellig5ce & dull p]ception ( ours to  
accompli%1 :e!r 9 e>ne/ fact1 or 9 !    
seek+ = ! outw>d image ( beauty3--to    
undo ! devil's "w1 to re/ore to ! body !
 grace & ! p[] :i* inh]it$ disease has  
de/roy$1 to return to ! _s ! purity1 &  
to ! intellect ! grasp t !y _h 9        
,p>adise4 ,n[1 fir/ ( all1 ?is "w1 be x 
obs]v$ is 9 no respect a "w (           
imag9ation4 ,wreck$ we are1 & ne>ly all 
to pieces2 b t little good by :i* we are
 to r$eem ourselves is to be got out ( !
 old wreck1 beat5 ab\t & full ( s& ?\gh 
x be2 & n out ( t des]t isl& ( pride on 
:i* ! devils split fir/1 & we aft] !m3 &

 s ! only re/oration ( ! body t we c    
rea* is n to be co9$ out ( our fancies1 
b to be collect$ out ( su* un9jur$ &    
bright ve/iges ( ! old seal z we c f9d &
 set toge!r1 & s ! ideal ( ! features1 z
 ! good & p]fect s\l is se5 9 !m1 is n  
to be rea*$ by imag9ation1 b by ! see+ &
 rea*+ =? ( ! bett] "p ( ! s\l to t (   
:i* x mu/ fir/ "k ! sweetness & goodness
 9 itself1 be=e x c mu* desire1 or      
rightly f9d1 ! signs ( x 9 o!rs4  ,i say
 mu* desire & rightly f9d1 because !re  
is n any s\l s sunk b t x %all 9 "s     
measure feel ! impression ( m5tal beauty
 9 ! human features1 & dete/ 9 o!rs its 
own lik5ess1 & 9 itself despise t :i* ( 
itself x has made4   ,sec4 #c4 ,h[ !    
conception ( ! bodily ideal is rea*$4   
,n[1 ( ! ord9>y process by :i* !        
realization ( ideal bodily =m is rea*$1 
!re is explanation en\gh 9 all treatises
 on art1 & x is s f> well compreh5d$ t  
,i ne$ n /ay long to consid] x4 ,s f> z 
! sight & k ( ! human =m1 ( ! pure/     
race1 ex]cis$ f infancy con/antly1 b n  

excessively 9 all ex]cises ( dignity1 n 
9 twi/s & /ra9+ dext]ities1 b 9 natural 
ex]cises ( runn+1 ca/+1 or rid+2        
practis$ 9 endurance1 n ( extraord9>y   
h>d%ip1 = t h>d5s & degrades ! body1 b (
 natural h>d%ip1 vicissitudes ( w9t] &  
summ]1 & cold & heat1 yet 9 a climate   
:]e none ( ^! are sev]e2 surr\nd$ also  
by a c]ta9 degree ( "r luxury1 s z to   
s(t5 & ref9e ! =ms ( /r5g?2 s f> z !    
sight ( all ?is c\ld r5d] ! m5tal       
intellig5ce ( :at is "r 9 human =m s    
acute z to be able to ab/ract & comb9e f
 ! be/ examples s produc$1 t :i* 0 mo/  
p]fect 9 ea*1 s f> ! ,greek conceiv$ &  
atta9$ ! ideal ( bodily =m3 & on !      
,greek modes ( atta9+ x1 z well z on :at
 he produc$1 z a p]fect example ( x1    
*iefly dwell ^? writ]s ^: op9ions on ?is
 subject ,i h collect$2 :olly los+ sight
 ( :at seems to me ! mo/ important bran*
 ( ! inquiry1 namely1 ! influ5ce = good 
or evil ( ! m9d ^u ! bodily %ape1 !     
wreck ( ! m9d itself1 & ! modes by :i*  
we may conceive ( its re/oration4       

,sec4 #d4 ,modifications ( ! bodily     
ideal ow+ to influ5ce ( m9d4            
,fir/1 ( intellect4  ,n[1 ! op]ation ( !
 m9d ^u ! body1 & evid5ce ( x !reon1 may
 be consid]$ "u ! foll[+ ?ree g5]al     
heads4  ,fir/1 ! op]ation ( !           
intellectual p[]s ^u ! features1 9 ! f9e
 cutt+ & *isell+ ( !m1 & removal f !m ( 
signs ( s5suality & slo?1 by :i* !y are 
blunt$ & dead5$1 & sub/itution ( en]gy &
 int5sity = vacancy & insipidity1 7by   
:i* wants alone ! faces ( _m fair wom5  
are utt]ly spoil$ & r5d]$ valueless17 & 
by ! ke5ness giv5 to ! eye & f9e m\ld+ &
 developm5t to ! br[1 ( :i* effects ,sir
 ,*>les ,bell has well not$ !           
desirabl5ess & opposition to brutal     
types1 7p4 #ei1 ?ird edition27 only ?is 
he has n suffici5tly obs]v$1 t !re are  
c]ta9 virtues ( ! intellect 9 measure   
inconsi/5t ) ea* o!r1 z p]haps great    
subtlety ) great compreh5siv5ess1 & high
 analytical ) high imag9ative p[]1 or t 
at lea/1 if consi/5t & compatible1 _!   
signs ^u ! features are n ! same1 s t ! 

outw>d =m _c express bo?1 )\t 9 a       
measure express+ nei!r2 & s !re are     
c]ta9 sep>ate virtues ( ! outw>d =m     
correspond5t ) ! m con/ant employm5t or 
m prevail+ capacity ( ! bra91 z ! pi]c+ 
ke5ness1 or op5 & reflective            
compreh5siv5ess ( ! eye & =ehead1 & t   
all ^! virtues ( =m are ideal1 only ^? !
 mo/ s :i* are ! signs ( ! wor?ie/ p[]s 
( intellect1 ?\gh :i* ^! be1 we w n at  
pres5t /ay to inquire4   ,sec4 #e4      
,secondly1 ( ! moral feel+s4  ,sec4 #f4 
,:at beauty is be/[$ by !m  ,! second   
po9t to be consid]$ 9 ! influ5ce ( m9d  
^u body1 is ! mode ( op]ation &         
conjunction ( ! moral feel+s on & ) !   
intellectual p[]s1 & !n _! conjo9t      
influ5ce on ! bodily =m4 ,n[1 ! op]ation
 ( ! "r moral feel+s on ! intellect is  
always = ! good ( ! latt]1 = x is n     
possible t selfi%ness %\ld reason       
rightly 9 any respect1 b mu/ be bl9d 9  
its e/imation ( ! wor?9ess ( all ?+s1   
nei!r ang]1 = t ov]p[]s ! reason or     
outcries x1 nei!r s5suality1 = t ov]gr[s

 & *okes x1 nei!r agitation1 = t has no 
"t to comp>e ?+s toge!r1 nei!r enmity1 =
 t mu/ be unju/1 nei!r fe>1 = t         
exagg]ates all ?+s1 nei!r cunn+ &       
deceit1 = t :i* is volunt>ily untrue w  
soon be unwitt+ly s3 b ! great reason]s 
are self-comm&1 & tru/ unagitat$1 &     
deep-look+ ,love1 & ,fai?1 :i* z %e is  
above ,reason1 s %e be/ holds ! re9s ( x
 f h] high seat3 s t !y err grossly :o  
?9k ( ! "r developm5t ev5 ( !           
intellectual type z possible1 unless we 
look to high] s\rces ( beauty fir/4     
,nev]!less1 ?\gh 9 _! op]ation ^u !m !  
moral feel+s are ?us elevatory ( ! m5tal
 faculties1 yet 9 _! conjunction ) !m !y
 seem to occupy1 9 _! own fulness1 su*  
room z to absorb & ov]%ad[ all else1 s t
 ! simultane\s ex]cise ( bo? is 9 a sort
 impossible2 = :i* cause we occasionally
 f9d ! moral "p 9 full developm5t &     
action1 )\t correspond+ exp&+ ( !       
intellect 7?\gh nev] )\t heal?y         
condition ( x17 z 9 t ( ,wordswor?1     
,9 su* high h\r                ,(       

visitation f ! ,liv+ ,god1              
,?\ght 0 n2  only ,i ?9k t if we look f>
 en\gh1 we %all f9d t x is n intellig5ce
 itself1 b ! imm$iate act & ef=t ( a    
labori\s1 /ruggl+1 & imp]fect           
intellectual faculty1 ) :i* high moral  
emotion is inconsi/5t2 & t ?\gh we _c1  
:ile we feel deeply1 reason %rewdly1 yet
 ,i d\bt if1 except :5 we feel deeply1  
we c ev] compreh5d fully2 s t x is only 
! climb+ & mole-l pi]c+1 & n ! sitt+ ^u 
_! c5tral ?rone1 nor em]g5ce into light1
 ( ! intellectual faculties :i* ! full  
he>t feel+ all[s n4 ,h5ce1 !re=e1 9 !   
indications ( ! c\nt5ance1 !y are only !
 h>d cut l9es1 & rigid sett+s1 & wa/$   
holl[s1 t speak ( pa/ ef=t & pa9fulness 
( m5tal application1 :i* are inconsi/5t 
) expression ( moral feel+1 = all ^! are
 ( infelicit\s augury2 b n ! full & s]5e
 developm5t ( habitual comm& 9 ! look1 &
 solemn ?\ght 9 ! br[1 only ^!1 9 _!    
unison ) ! signs ( emotion1 become s(t5$
 & gradually conf\nd$ ) a s]5ity &      
au?ority ( nobl] orig94 ,b ( ! sweetness

 :i* t high] s]5ity 7( happ9ess17 & !   
dignity :i* t high] au?ority 7( ,div9e  
law1 & n human reason17 c & mu/ /amp on 
! features1 x w\ld be futile to speak "h
 at l5g?1 = ,i suppose t bo? are        
ackn[l$g$ on all h&s1 & t !re is n any  
beauty b !irs to :i* m5 pay long        
ob$i5ce3 at all ev5ts1 if n by sympa?y  
discov]$1 x is n 9 words explicable )   
:at div9e l9es & lights ! ex]cise (     
godl9ess & *>ity w m\ld & gild ! h>de/ &
 colde/ c\nt5ance1 nei!r to :at d>kness 
_! dep>ture w consign ! lovelie/4 ,= !re
 is n any virtue ! ex]cise ( :i*1 ev5   
mom5t>ily1 w n impress a new fairness ^u
 ! features1 nei!r on !m only1 b on !   
:ole body1 bo? ! intellig5ce & ! moral  
faculties h op]ation1 = ev5 all !       
movem5t & ge/ures1 h[ev] slight1 are    
diff]5t 9 _! modes accord+ to ! m9d t   
gov]ns !m1 & on ! g5tl5ess & decision ( 
j feel+ !re foll[s a grace ( action1 &  
?r\gh cont9uance ( ?is a grace ( =m1 :i*
 by no discipl9e may be taught or       
atta9$4   ,sec4 #g4 ,h[ ! s\l culture   

int]f]es h>mfully ) ! bodily ideal4  ,! 
?ird po9t to be consid]$ ) respect to ! 
corporeal expression ( m5tal "* is1 t   
!re is a c]ta9 p]iod ( ! s\l culture :5 
x beg9s to int]f]e ) "s ( ! *>act]s (   
typical beauty belong+ to ! bodily      
frame1 ! /irr+ ( ! intellect we>+ d[n ! 
fle%1 & ! moral en?usiasm burn+ its way 
out to heav51 ?r\gh ! emaciation ( !    
e>!n vessel2 & t !re is1 9 ?is          
indication ( subdu+ ( ! mortal by !     
immortal "p1 an ideal glory ( p]haps a  
pur] & high] range ?an t ( ! m p]fect   
mat]ial =m4 ,we conceive1 ,i ?9k1 m     
nobly ( ! weak pres5ce ( ,paul1 ?an ( ! 
fair & ruddy c\nt5ance ( ,daniel4       
,sec4 #h4 ,! inconsi/5cy among ! effects
 ( ! m5tal virtues on !        =m4      
,sec4 #i4 ,is a sign ( ,god's k9d       
purpose t[>ds ! race4  ,sec4 #aj4       
,consequ5t sep>ation & diff]5ce (       
ideals4  ,n[1 be x obs]v$ t 9 our       
consid]ation ( ^! ?ree directions (     
m5tal influ5ce1 we h sev]al times be5   
compell$ to /op %ort ( def9ite          

conclusions ow+ to ! app>5t inconsi/5cy 
( c]ta9 excell5ces & beauties to :i* !y 
t5d1 z1 fir/1 ( diff]5t k9ds ( intellect
 ) ea* o!r2 & secondly1 ( ! moral       
faculties ) ! intellectual1 7& if we _h 
sep>ately exam9$ ! moral emotions1 we   
%\ld h f\nd c]ta9 inconsi/5cies among !m
 also17 & aga9 ( ! s\l culture g5]ally )
 ! bodily p]fections4 ,su* inconsi/5cies
 we %\ld f9d 9 ! p]fections ( no o!r    
animal4 ,! /r5g? or swiftness ( ! dog   
are n inconsi/5t ) 8 sagacity1 nor is   
bodily labor 9 ! ant or bee de/ructive (
 _! acut5ess ( in/9ct4 ,& ?is peculi>ity
 ( relation among ! p]fections ( man is 
no result ( 8 fall or s9fulness1 b an   
evid5ce ( 8 great] nobility1 & ( !      
goodness ( ,god t[>ds him4 ,= !         
individuals ( ea* race ( l[] animals1   
be+ n int5d$ to hold among ea* o!r ^?   
relations ( *>ity :i* are ! privilege ( 
humanity1 are n adapt$ to ea* o!r's     
assi/ance1 admiration1 or support1 by   
diff]5ces ( p[] & function4 ,b ! love ( 
! human race is increas$ by _!          

individual diff]5ces1 & ! unity ( !     
creature1 z be=e we saw ( all unity1    
made p]fect by ea* hav+ some?+ to be/[ &
 to receive1 b\nd to ! re/ by a ?\s&    
v>i\s necessities & v>i\s gratitudes1   
humility 9 ea* rejoic+ to admire 9 8    
fell[ t :i* he f9ds n 9 himself1 & ea*  
be+ 9 "s respect ! complem5t ( 8 race4  
,!re=e1 9 inve/igat+ ! signs ( ! ideal  
or p]fect type ( humanity1 we mu/ n     
presume on ! s+l5ess ( t type1 & yet1 on
 ! o!r h&1 we mu/ cauti\sly di/+ui%     
betwe5 diff]5ces conceivably exi/+ 9 a  
p]fect /ate1 & diff]5ces result+ f      
imm$iate & pres5t op]ation ( ! ,adamite 
curse4 ,( :i* ! =m] are diff]5ces t b9d1
 & ! latt] t sep>ate4 ,= al?\gh we c    
suppose ! ideal or p]fect human he>t1 & 
! p]fect human intellig5ce1 equally     
adapt$ to receive e "r s5sation & pursue
 e ord] ( tru?1 yet z x is appo9t$ = "s 
to be 9 au?ority & o!rs 9 ob$i5ce1 "s 9 
solit>y functions & o!rs 9 relative     
ones1 "s to receive & o!rs to give1 "s  
to tea* & "s to discov]2 & z all ^!     

v>ieties ( (fice are n only conceivable 
z exi/+ 9 a p]fect /ate ( man1 b seem   
almo/ to be impli$ by x1 & at any rate  
_c be done away ) b by a total *ange ( 8
 con/itution & dep5d5cies1 ( :i* !      
imag9ation c take no hold2 s !re are    
habits & capacities ( expression induc$ 
by ^! v>i\s (fices1 :i* admit ( _m      
sep>ate ideals ( equal p]fection1       
accord+ to ! functions ( ! creatures1 s 
t !re is an ideal ( au?ority1 ( judgm5t1
 ( affection1 ( reason1 & ( fai?2 nei!r 
c any comb9ation ( ^! ideals be atta9$1 
n t ! j judge is to be suppos$ incapable
 ( affection1 nor ! k+ incapable (      
ob$i5ce1 b z x is impossible t any      
ess5ce %ort ( ! ,div9e %\ld at ! same   
in/ant be equally receptive ( all       
emotions1 ^? emotions :i*1 by "r & ord]1
 h ! mo/ usual victory1 bo? leave ! /amp
 ( _! habitual pres5ce on ! body1 & r5d]
 ! individual m & m susceptible ( !m 9  
proportion to ! frequ5cy ( _! preval5t  
recurr5ce2 add$ to :i* causes (         
di/9ctive "* are to be tak5 into acc\nt 

! diff]5ces ( age & sex1 :i*1 ?\gh      
seem+ly ( m f9ite influ5ce1 _c be bani%$
 f any human conception4 ,david1 ruddy &
 ( a fair c\nt5ance1 ) ! brook /one (   
deliv]ance 9 8 h&1 is n m ideal ?an     
,david lean+ on ! old age ( ,b>zillai1  
return+ *a/5$ to 8 k+ly home4 ,& !y :o  
are z ! angels ( ,god 9 heav51 yet _c be
 conceiv$ z s assimilat$ t _! diff]5t   
exp]i5ces & affections ^u e>? %all !n be
 =gott5 & effectless3 ! *ild tak5 e>ly  
to 8 place _c be imag9$ to we> !re su* a
 body1 nor to h su* ?\ghts1 z ! glorifi$
 apo/le :o has f9i%$ 8 c\rse & kept !   
fai? on e>?4 ,& s :atev] p]fections &   
lik5ess ( love we may attribute to ei!r 
! tri$ or ! cr[n$ creatures1 !re is !   
diff]5ce ( ! />s 9 glory among !m yet2  
diff]5ces ( orig9al gifts1 ?\gh n (     
occupy+ till _! ,"l come1 diff]5t       
disp5sations ( trial & ( tru/1 ( sorr[ &
 support1 bo? 9 _! own inw>d1 v>iable   
he>ts1 & 9 _! positions ( exposure or ( 
peace1 ( ! g\rd %ad[ & ! smit+ sun1 (   
call+ at heat ( day or elev5? h\r1 ( !  

h\se unro($ by fai?1 & ! cl\ds op5$ by  
revelation3 diff]5ces 9 w>n+1 9 m]cies1 
9 sicknesses1 9 signs1 9 "t ( call+ to  
acc\nt2 l only !y all are by t :i* is n 
( !m1 b ! gift ( ,god's un*angeable     
m]cy4 ,i w give unto ?is la/ ev5 z unto 
!e4   ,sec4 #aa4 ,! effects ( ! ,adamite
 curse are to be di/+ui%$ f             
signs ( its imm$iate activity4  ,sec4   
#ab4 ,:i* latt] only are to be bani%$ f 
ideal =m4  ,h5ce1 !n1 be x obs]v$1 t :at
 we mu/ det]m9$ly bani% f ! human =m &  
c\nt5ance 9 our seek+ ( its ideal1 is n 
ev]y?+ :i* c be ultimately trac$ to !   
,adamite fall = its cause1 b only !     
imm$iate op]ation & pres5ce ( ! degrad+ 
p[] or s94 ,= !re is n any "p ( our     
feel+ ( nature1 nor c !re be ?r\gh      
et]nity1 :i* %all n be 9 "s way influ5c$
 & affect$ by ! fall1 & t n 9 any way ( 
degradation1 = ! r5ew+ 9 ! div9ity (    
,*ri/ is a nobl] condition ?an ev] t (  
,p>adise1 & yet ?r\gh\t et]nity x mu/   
imply & ref] to ! disob$i5ce1 & !       
corrupt /ate ( s9 & dea?1 & ! suff]+ (  

,*ri/ himself1 :i* c we conceive ( any  
r$eem$ s\l z = an in/ant =gett+1 or z   
rememb]+ )\t sorr[8 ,nei!r are !        
alt]nations ( joy & su* sorr[ z by u is 
inconceivable1 be+ only z x 7 a s(tness 
& sil5ce 9 ! pulse ( an inf9ite         
felicity1 inconsi/5t ) ! /ate ev5 ( !   
unfall51 = ! angels :o rejoice ov]      
rep5tance _c b feel an uncompreh5d$ pa9 
z !y try & try aga9 9 va91 :e!r !y may n
 w>m h>d he>ts ) ! brood+ ( _! k9d w+s4 
,s t we h n to bani% f ! ideal c\nt5ance
 ! evid5ces ( sorr[1 nor ( pa/ suff]+1  
nor ev5 ( pa/ & conqu]$ s91 b only !    
imm$iate op]ation ( any evil1 or !      
imm$iate coldness & holl[ness ( any good
 emotion4 ,& h5ce 9 t conte/ be=e not$1 
betwe5 ! body & ! s\l1 we may (t5 h to  
indicate ! body z f> conqu]$ & outworn1 
& ) signs ( h>d /ruggle & bitt] pa9 ^u  
x1 & yet )\t ev] dim9i%+ ! purity ( its 
ideal2 & because x is n 9 ! p[] ( any   
human imag9ation to reason out or       
conceive ! c\ntless modifications (     
exp]i5ce1 suff]+1 & sep>at$ feel+1 :i* h

 modell$ & writt5 _! indelible images 9 
v>i\s ord] ^u e human c\nt5ance1 s no "r
 ideal c be rea*$ by any comb9ation (   
feature nor by any m\ld+ & melt+ (      
individual beauties toge!r1 & /ill less 
)\t model or example conceiv$2 b !re is 
a p]fect ideal to be wr\ght out ( e face
 ar\nd u t has on its =ehead ! writ+ & !
 seal ( ! angel asc5d+ f ! ,ea/1#ch by !
 e>ne/ /udy & p5etration ( ! writt5     
hi/ory !reupon1 & ! bani%+ ( ! blots &  
/a9s1 :]e9 we /ill see 9 all t is human1
 ! visible & in/ant op]ation ( unconqu]$
 s94   ,sec4 #ac4 ,ideal =m is only to  
be obta9$ by portraiture4  ,n[ ,i see n 
h[ any ( ! /eps ( ! argum5t by :i* we h 
arriv$ at ?is conclusion c be evad$1 &  
yet x w\ld be difficult to /ate any?+ m 
directly opposite to ! usual tea*+ &    
practice ( arti/s4 ,x is usual to he>   
portraiture oppos$ to ! pursuit (       
ideality1 & yet we f9d t no face c be   
ideal :i* is n a portrait4 ,( ?is g5]al 
pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 !re are c]ta9          
modifications :i* we mu/ pres5tly /ate2 

let u fir/1 h[ev]1 pursue x a little    
f>!r1 & d$uce its practical consequ5ces4
   ,sec4 #ad4 ,in/ances among ! great] (
 ! ideal ,ma/]s4  ,^! are1 fir/1 t !    
pursuit ( idealism 9 humanity1 z (      
idealism 9 l[] nature1 c be successful  
only :5 foll[$ ?r\gh ! mo/ con/ant1     
pati5t1 & humble r5d]+ ( actual models1 
accompani$ ) t e>ne/ m5tal z well z     
ocul> /udy ( ea*1 :i* c int]pret all t  
is writt5 ^u x1 dis5tangle !            
hi]oglyphics ( its sacr$ hi/ory1 r5d !  
veil ( ! bodily temple1 & rightly       
measure ! relations ( good & evil       
cont5d+ )9 x = ma/]y1#ci t ev]y?+ done  
)\t su* /udy mu/ be %all[ &             
contemptible1 t g5]alization or         
comb9ation ( individual "* w end less 9 
! m5d+ ?an ! los+ ( x1 &1 except 9 c]ta9
 in/ances ( :i* we %all pres5tly take   
note1 is valueless & vapid1 ev5 if x    
escape be+ pa9ful f its want ( tru?1 :i*
 9 ^! days x (t5 9 "s measure does1 = we
 inde$ f9d faces ab\t u ) want en\gh (  
life or :olesome "* 9 !m to ju/ify      

any?+4 ,& t habit ( ! old & great pa9t]s
 ( introduc+ portrait into all _! highe/
 works1 ,i look to1 n z error 9 !m1 b z 
! v s\rce & root ( _! sup]iority 9 all  
?+s1 = !y 7 too great & too humble n to 
see 9 e face ab\t !m t :i* 0 above !m1 &
 :i* no fancies ( !irs c\ld mat* nor    
take place (1 :]e=e we f9d ! cu/om (    
portraiture con/ant ) !m1 bo?           
portraiture ( /udy & = purposes (       
analysis1 z ) ,leon>do2 & actual1       
pr(ess$1 s]viceable1 h>dwork+           
portraiture ( ! m5 ( _! "t1 z )         
,raffaelle1 & ,titian1 & ,t9toret2 &    
portraiture ( ,love1 z ) ,fra ,b>tolomeo
 ( ,savon>ola1 & ,simon ,memmi (        
,petr>*1 & ,giotto ( ,dante1 & ,g5tile  
,bell9i ( a belov$ imag9ation ( ,d&olo1 
& ) ,raffaelle con/antly2 & portraiture 
9 real d[nright necessity ( models1 ev5 
9 _! noble/ works1 z 0 ! practice (     
,ghirl&ajo p]petually1 & ,masaccio &    
,raffaelle1 & manife/ly ( ! m5 ( highe/ 
& pure/ ideal purpose1 z aga91 ,giotto1 
& 9 8 *>act]i/ic monki% heads1          

,angelico1 & ,john ,bell9i1 7note       
especially ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph] at ! side ( t
 mighty picture ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 at        
,v5ice17 & s ( all3 :i* practice _h     
inde$ a p]il\s t5d5cy = m5 ( debas$ m9d1
 :o us$ models su* z & :]e !y ought n1 z
 ,lippi & ! corrupt$ ,raffaelle2 & is   
f\nd (t5 at exce$+ disadvantage among m5
 :o look$ n at _! models ) intellectual 
or lov+ p5etration1 b took ! outside (  
!m1 or p]haps took ! evil & left ! good1
 z ,titian 9 t ,academy /udy at ,v5ice  
:i* is call$ a ,/4 ,john1 & all work]s  
:atsoev] t ,i "k (1 aft] ,raffaelle's   
"t1 z ,guido & ! ,c>acci1 & su* o!rs3 b 
x is nev]!less ! necess>y & /]l+ basis (
 all ideal art1 nei!r has any great man 
ev] be5 able to d )\t x1 nor dream$ (   
do+ )\t x ev5 to ! close ( 8 days4      
,sec4 #ae4 ,evil results ( opposite     
practice 9 mod]n times4  ,& !re=e !re is
 n any great] sign ( ! utt] want (      
vitality & hopefulness 9 ! s*ools ( !   
pres5t day ?an t unhappy prett9ess &    
sam5ess "u :i* !y mask1 or r = :i* !y   

b>t]1 9 _! l5tile ?ir/1 all ! bir?right 
& p[] ( nature1 :i* prett9ess1 wr\ght   
out & spun f9e 9 ! /udy1 out ( empty    
heads1 till x h>dly bett]s ! blocks on  
:i* dresses & hair are tri$ 9 b>b]s'    
w9d[s & mill9]s' books1 _c b be revolt+ 
to any man :o has 8 eyes1 ev5 9 a       
measure1 op5 to ! div9ity ( ! immortal  
seal on ! common features t he meets 9 !
 highways & h$ges h\rly & mom5t>ily1    
outrea*+ all ef=ts ( conception z all   
p[] ( realization1 7 x ,raffaelle's ?ree
 times ov]1 ev5 :5 ! glory ( ! w$d+     
g>m5t is n !re4   ,sec4 #af4 ,! "r use (
 ! model4  ,s f>1 !n1 ( ! use ( ! model 
& ! preci\sness ( x 9 all art1 f !      
highe/ to ! l[e/4 ,b ! use ( ! model is 
n all4 ,x mu/ be us$ 9 a c]ta9 way1 & on
 ?is *oice ( "r or wrong way all our    
ends are at /ake1 = ! art1 :i* is ( no  
p[] )\t ! model1 is ( p]nici\s & evil   
p[] if ! model be wrongly us$4 ,:at ! "r
 use is1 has be5 at lea/ e/abli%$1 if n 
fully expla9$1 9 ! argum5t by :i* we    
arriv$ at ! g5]al pr9ciple4  ,! "r ideal

 is to be rea*$1 we h ass]t$1 only by ! 
bani%m5t ( ! imm$iate signs ( s9 ^u !   
c\nt5ance & body4 ,h[1 !re=e1 are !     
signs ( s9 to be kn[n & sep>at$8   ,sec4
 #ag4 ,ideal =m to be rea*$ only by     
love4  ,no intellectual op]ation is "h (
 any avail4 ,!re is n any reason+ by :i*
 ! evid5ces ( depravity are to be trac$ 
9 movem5ts ( muscle or =ms ( feature2   
!re is n any k1 nor exp]i5ce1 nor       
dilig5ce ( comp>ison t c be ( avail4    
,"h1 z ?r\gh\t ! op]ation ( ! !oretic   
faculty1 ! p]ception is altoge!r moral1 
an in/9ctive love & cl++ to ! l9es (    
light4 ,no?+ b love c read ! lett]s1    
no?+ b sympa?y cat* ! s\nd1 !re is no   
pure passion t c be und]/ood or pa9t$   
except by pur5ess ( he>t2 ! f\l or blunt
 feel+ w see itself 9 ev]y?+1 & set d[n 
blasphemies2 x w see ,beelzebub 9 ! ca/+
 out ( devils1 x w f9d its god ( flies 9
 e alaba/] box ( preci\s o9tm5t4 ,!     
indignation ( zeal t[>ds ,god 7nemesis7 
x w take = ang] aga9/ man1 fai? &       
v5]ation x w miss (1 z n compreh5d+1    

*>ity x w turn into lu/1 compassion into
 pride1 e virtue x w g ov] aga9/1 l     
,%imei1 ca/+ du/4 ,b ! "r ,*ri/ian m9d w
 9 l mann] f9d its own image :]ev] x    
exi/s1 x w seek = :at x loves1 & draw x 
out ( all d5s & caves1 & x w believe 9  
its be+1 (t5 :5 x _c see x1 & always    
turn away its eyes f behold+ vanity2 & s
 x w lie lov+ly ov] all ! faults & r\gh 
places ( ! human he>t1 z ! sn[ f heav5  
does ov] ! h>d1 & black1 & brok5 m\nta9 
rocks1 foll[+ _! =ms truly1 & yet cat*+ 
light = !m to make !m fair1 & t mu/ be a
 /eep & unk9dly crag inde$ :i* x _c     
cov]4   ,sec4 #ah4 ,practical pr9ciples 
d$ucible4  ,n[ ( ?is _s !re w always be 
little en\gh 9 ! _w1 & x _c be giv5 nor 
taught by m51 & s x is ( little use to  
insi/ on x f>!r1 only ,i may note "s    
practical po9ts respect+ ! ideal        
treatm5t ( human =m1 :i* may be ( use 9 
^! ?\ghtless days4 ,!re is n ! face1 ,i 
h said1 :i* ! pa9t] may n make ideal if 
he *oose1 b t subtile feel+ :i* %all f9d
 out all ( good t !re is 9 any giv5     

c\nt5ance is n1 except by conc]n = o!r  
?+s ?an art1 to be acquir$4 ,b c]ta9    
broad indications ( evil !re are :i* !  
blunte/ feel+ may p]ceive1 & :i* ! habit
 ( di/+ui%+ & ca/+ out w\ld bo? ennoble 
! s*ools ( art1 & lead 9 "t to great]   
acut5ess ( p]ception ) respect to ! less
 explicable *>act]s ( s\l beauty4       
,sec4 #ai4 ,expressions *iefly          
de/ructive ( ideal "*4 #a/4 ,pride4  ,^?
 signs ( evil :i* are commonly mo/      
manife/ on ! human features are r\ghly  
divisible into ^! f\r k9ds1 ! signs (   
pride1 ( s5suality1 ( fe>1 & ( cruelty4 
,any "o ( :i* w de/roy ! ideal "* ( !   
c\nt5ance & body4   ,sec4 #bj4          
,portraiture anci5t & mod]n4  ,n[ ( ^!1 
! fir/1 pride1 is p]haps ! mo/          
de/ructive ( all ! f\r1 see+ x is !     
und]mo/ & orig9al /ory ( all s92 & x is 
base also f ! necess>y fooli%ness ( x1  
because at its be/1 t is :5 gr\nd$ on a 
j e/imation ( our own elevation or      
sup]iority above c]ta9 o!rs1 x _c b     
imply t our eyes look d[nw>d only1 & h  

nev] be5 rais$ above our own measure1 = 
!re is n ! man s l(ty 9 8 /&+ nor       
capacity b he mu/ be humble 9 ?9k+ ( !  
cl\d habitation & f> sight ( ! angelic  
intellig5ces above him1 & 9 p]ceiv+ :at 
inf9ity !re is ( ?+s he _c "k nor ev5   
rea* unto1 z x /&s comp>$ ) t little    
body ( ?+s he c rea*1 & ( :i* nev]!less 
he c altoge!r und]/& n "o2 n to speak ( 
t wick$ & fond attribut+ ( su* excell5cy
 z he may h to himself1 & ?9k+ ( x z 8  
own gett+1 :i* is ! real ess5ce &       
crim9ality ( pride1 nor ( ^? vil] =ms ( 
x1 f\nd$ on false e/imation ( ?+s b5ea? 
u & irrational contemn+ ( !m3 b tak5 at 
its be/1 x is /ill base to t degree t   
!re is no gr&eur ( feature :i* x _c     
de/roy & make despicable1 s t ! fir/ /ep
 t[>ds ! ennobl+ ( any face is ! ridd+ x
 ( its vanity2 to :i* aim !re _c be     
any?+ m contr>y ?an t pr9ciple (        
portraiture :i* prevails ) u 9 ^! days1 
^: end seems to be ! expression ( vanity
 ?r\gh\t1 9 face & 9 all circum/ances ( 
accompanim5t1 t5d+ con/antly to insol5ce

 ( attitude1 & levity & haught9ess (    
expression1 & work$ out f>!r 9 mean     
accompanim5ts ( worldly spl5dor &       
possession1 toge!r ) h9ts or            
proclamations ( :at ! p]son has done or 
supposes himself to h done1 :i*1 if     
kn[n1 x is gratuit\s 9 ! portrait to    
exhibit1 & if unkn[n1 x is insol5t 9 !  
portrait to proclaim2 :5ce has aris5 su*
 a s*ool ( portraiture z mu/ make ! p ( 
! n9ete5? c5tury ! %ame ( _! desc5dants1
 & ! butt ( all "t4 ,to :i* practices   
are to be oppos$ bo? ! glori\s sev]ity (
 ,holbe91 & ! mighty & simple mode/y (  
,raffaelle1 ,titian1 ,giorgione1 &      
,t9toret1 ) :om armor does n con/itute !
 w>rior1 nei!r silk ! dame4 ,& f :at    
feel+ ! dignity ( t portraiture arose is
 be/ traceable at ,v5ice1 :]e we f9d _! 
victori\s doges pa9t$ nei!r 9 ! toil (  
battle nor ! triumph ( return1 nor set  
=? ) ?rones & curta9s ( /ate1 b kneel+  
always cr[nless1 & return+ ?anks to ,god
 = 8 help1 or z prie/s1 int]c$+ = !     
nation 9 its affliction4 ,:i* feel+ &   

its results h be5 s well trac$ out by   
,rio1#dj t ,i ne$ n speak ( x f>!r4     
,sec4 #ba4 ,secondly1 ,s5suality4  ,sec4
 #bb4 ,h[ connect$ ) impurity ( color4  
,sec4 #bc4 ,& prev5t$ by its spl5dor4   
,sec4 #bd4 ,or by sev]ity ( draw+4  ,t  
second de/roy] ( ideal =m1 ! appe>ance (
 s5sual "*1 ?\gh n less fatal 9 its     
op]ation on mod]n art1 is m difficult to
 trace1 ow+ to its peculi> subtlety4 ,= 
x is n possible to say by :at m9ute     
diff]5ces ! "r conception ( ! human =m  
is sep>at$ f t :i* is lusci\s & f\l3 = !
 root ( all is 9 ! love & seek+ ( !     
pa9t]1 :o1 if ( impure & feeble m9d1 w  
cov] all t he t\*es ) clay /a9+1 z      
,b&9elli puts a f\l sc5t ( human fle%   
ab\t 8 m>ble ,*ri/1 & z _m :om ,i w n "h
 "n1 among mod]ns2 b if ( mighty m9d or 
pure1 may pass ?r\gh all places (       
f\lness1 & none w /ay ^u him1 z ,mi*ael 
,angelo1 or he w baptize all ?+s & wa%  
!m ) pure wat]1 z our own ,/o?>d4 ,n[1 s
 f> z ?is p[] is dep5d5t on ! seek+ ( ! 
arti/1 & is only to be se5 9 ! "w ( good

 & spiritually-m9d$ m51 x is va9 to     
attempt to tea* or illu/rate x1 nei!r is
 x "h ! place to take note ( ! way 9 :i*
 x belongs to ! repres5tation ( ! m5tal 
image ( ?+s1 in/ead ( ?+s !mselves1 (   
:i* we are to speak 9 treat+ ( !        
imag9ation2 b ?us mu* may "h be not$ (  
broad1 practical pr9ciple1 t ! purity ( 
fle% pa9t+ dep5ds 9 v consid]able       
measure on ! int5sity & w>m? ( its      
color4 ,= if x be opaque1 & clay cold1 &
 colorless1 & devoid ( all ! radiance & 
value ( fle%1 ! l9es ( its true beauty1 
be+ sev]e & firm1 w become s h>d 9 !    
loss ( ! gl[ & gradation by :i* nature  
illu/rates !m1 t ! pa9t] w be compell$  
to sacrifice !m = a lusci\s fulness &   
r\ndness1 9 ord] to give ! conception ( 
fle%2 :i*1 be+ done1 de/roys ideality ( 
=m z ( color1 & gives all ov] to        
lascivi\sness ( surface2 %[+ also t !   
pa9t] s\ght = ?is1 & ?is only1 s9ce     
o!rwise he _h n tak5 a subject 9 :i* he 
knew himself compell$ to surr5d] all    
s\rces ( dignity4 ,:]eas1 "r spl5dor (  

color bo? be>s out a nobl] sev]ity ( =m1
 & is 9 itself purify+ & cleans+1 l     
fire1 furni%+ also to ! pa9t] an excuse 
= ! *oice ( 8 subject1 see+ t he may be 
suppos$ z n hav+ pa9t$ x b 9 !          
admiration ( its ab/ract glory ( color &
 =m1 & ) no unwor?y seek+4 ,b ! m]e p[] 
( p]fect & gl[+ color w 9 "s sort r$eem 
ev5 a debas$ t5d5cy ( m9d itself1 z     
em95tly ! case ) ,titian1 :o1 ?\gh (    
little feel+1 & (t5 treat+ base         
subjects1 or elevat$ subjects basely1 z 
9 ! disgu/+ ,magdal5 ( ! ,pitti palace1 
& t ( ! ,b>b]igo at ,v5ice1 yet r$eems  
all by 8 glory ( hue1 s t he _c pa9t    
altoge!r co>sely2 & ) ,giorgione1 :o _h 
nobl] & m s]i\s intellect1 ! s5se (     
nudity is utt]ly lo/1 & !re is no ne$   
nor desire ( concealm5t any m1 b 8 nak$ 
figures move among ! trees l fi]y       
pill>s1 & lie on ! grass l flakes (     
sun%9e4#da ,) ! religi\s pa9t]s on ! o!r
 h&1 su* nudity z !y 7 compell$ to treat
 is r$eem$ z mu* by sev]ity ( =m &      
h>dness ( l9e z by color1 s t g5]ally _!

 drap$ figures are pref]able1 z 9 !     
,francia ( our own gall]y4 ,b ^!1 )     
,mi*ael ,angelo & ! ,v5etians1 except   
,titian1 =m a great gr\p1 pure 9 sight &
 aim1 betwe5 :i* & all o!r s*ools by :i*
 ! nude has be5 treat$1 !re is a gulf   
fix$1 & all ! re/1 comp>$ ) !m1 seem    
/riv+ h[ be/ to illu/rate t ( ,sp5s]4   
,( all ,god's works1 :i* doe ?is worlde 
adorn1                ,!re is no "o m   
faire1 & excell5t                ,?an is
 man's body bo? = p[] & =me             
,:iles x is kept 9 sob] gov]nm5t4       
,b none ?an x m f\l & indec5t           
,di/emp]$ ?r\gh misrule & passions bace4
   ,sec4 #be4 ,degrees ( desc5t 9 ?is   
respect3 ,rub5s1 ,correggio1 & ,guido4  
,sec4 #bf4 ,& mod]n art4  ,( ^! la/1    
h[ev]1 ) :om ideality is lo/1 !re are "s
 wor?i] ?an o!rs1 accord+ to t measure (
 color !y rea*1 & p[] !y possess1 :5ce  
mu* may be =giv5 to ,rub5s1 7z to our   
own ,etty17 less1 z ,i ?9k1 to          
,correggio1 :o ) less app>5t & evid5t   
co>s5ess has m ( inh]5t s5suality1      

wr\ght out ) attractive & lusci\s       
ref9em5t1 & t alike 9 all subjects1 z 9 
! ,madonna ( ! ,incoronazione1 ov] !    
high alt> ( ,san ,giovanni at ,p>ma1 (  
:i* ! head & upp] portion ( ! figure1 n[
 pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y1 might s]ve z a     
model ( attitude & expression to a      
ballet figurante3#db & aga9 9 !         
lascivi\s ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ! ,giorno1 & 9 !
 ,*>iot$ ,diana1 7bo? at ,p>ma17 n to "n
 any ( 8 works ( aim m def9itely evil4  
,b5ea? :i* aga9 w fall ! works devoid   
alike ( art & dec5cy1 z t ,susannah (   
,guido1 9 our own gall]y1 & s we may    
desc5d to ! absolute clay ( ! mod]ns1   
only notic+ 9 all h[ mu* ( :at is evil &
 base 9 subject or t5d5cy1 is r$eem$ by 
:at is pure & "r 9 hue1 s t ,i d n ass]t
 t ! purpose & object ( _m ( ! gr&]     
pa9t]s ( ! nude1 z ,titian = in/ance1 0 
always elevat$1 b only t we1 :o _c pa9t 
! lamp ( fire )9 ! e>!n pit*]1 mu/ take 
o!r weapons 9 our left h&s4 ,& x is to  
be not$1 also1 t 9 climates :]e ! body c
 be m op5ly & frequ5tly visit$ by sun & 

wea!r1 ! nude bo? comes to be reg>d$ 9 a
 way m gr& & pure1 z necess>ily awak5+  
no ideas ( base k9d1 7z pre-em95tly ) ! 
,greeks17 & also f t exposure receives a
 firmness & sunny ela/icity v diff]5t f 
! silky s(tness ( ! clo!d nations ( !   
nor?1 :]e e model necess>ily looks z if 
accid5tally undress$2 & h5ce f ! v fe> &
 d\bt ) :i* we approa* ! nude1 x becomes
 expressive ( evil1 & = t d>+ frankness 
( ! old m51 :i* seldom miss$ ( human    
gr&eur1 ev5 :5 x fail$ ( holy feel+1 we 
h sub/itut$ a mean1 c>pet$1 gauze-veil$1
 m9c+ s5suality ( curls & crisp+ p9s1   
out ( :i* ,i believe no?+ c come b moral
 en]vation & m5tal p>alysis4   ,sec4    
#bg4 ,?irdly1 f]ocity & fe>4 ,! latt] h[
 to be di/+ui%$         f awe4  ,sec4   
#bh4 ,holy fe>1 h[ di/9ct f human t]ror4
  ,sec4 #bi4 ,f]ocity is jo9$ always )  
fe>4 ,its unp>donabl5ess4  ,respect+ ^? 
two o!r vices ( ! human face1 !         
expressions ( fe> & f]ocity1 !re is less
 to be not$1 z !y only occasionally ent]
 into ! conception ( "*2 only x is mo/  

necess>y to make c>eful di/9ction betwe5
 ! conception ( p[]1 de/ructiv5ess1 or  
maje/y1 9 matt]1 influ5ce1 or ag5t1 & ! 
actual fe> ( any ( ^!1 = x is possible  
to conceive ( t]ribl5ess1 )\t be+ 9 a   
position obnoxi\s to ! dang] ( x1 & s   
)\t fe>1 & ! feel+ aris+ f ?is          
contemplation ( dreadfulness1 ourselves 
be+ 9 safety1 z ( a /ormy sea f ! %ore1 
is prop]ly t]m$ awe1 & is a mo/ noble   
passion2 :]eas fe> mortal & extreme1 may
 be felt respect+ ?+s ignoble1 z ! fall+
 f a w9d[1 & )\t any conception (       
t]ribl5ess or maje/y 9 ! ?+1 or !       
accid5t dread$2 & ev5 :5 fe> is felt    
respect+ ?+s sublime1 z ?und]1 or /orm (
 battle1 yet ! t5d5cy ( x is to de/roy  
all p[] ( contemplation ( _! maje/y1 &  
to freeze & %r9k all ! intellect into a 
%ak+ heap ( clay1 = absolute acute fe>  
is ( ! same unwor?9ess & contempt f     
:atev] s\rce x arise1 & degrades ! m9d &
 ! outw>d be>+ ( ! body alike1 ev5 ?\gh 
x be among hail ( heav5 & fire runn+    
along ! gr\nd4 ,& s among ! *ildr5 (    

,god1 :ile !re is always t fe>ful & b[$ 
appreh5sion ( 8 maje/y1 & t sacr$ dread 
( all (f5ce to him1 :i* is call$ ! fe> (
 ,god1 yet ( real & ess5tial fe> !re is 
n any b cl++ ( confid5ce to him1 z _!   
,rock1 ,=tress1 & ,deliv]]1 & p]fect    
love1 & ca/+ out ( fe>1 s t x is n      
possible t :ile ! m9d is rightly b5t on 
him1 !re %\ld be dread ( any?+ ei!r     
e>?ly or sup]natural1 & ! m dreadful    
seems ! height ( 8 maje/y1 ! less fe> !y
 feel t dwell 9 ! %ad[ ( x1 7,( :om %all
 ,i be afraid87 s t !y are z ,david 01  
devot$ to 8 fe>2 :]eas1 on ! o!r h&1 ^? 
:o1 if !y may help x1 nev] conceive (   
,god1 b ?ru/ away all ?\ght & memory (  
him1 & 9 8 real t]ribl5ess & omnipres5ce
 fe> him n nor "k him1 yet are ( real1  
acute1 pi]c+1 & ignoble fe>1 haunt$ =   
ev]more2 fe> inconceiv+ & desp]ate t    
calls to ! rocks1 & hides 9 ! du/2 &    
h5ce ! peculi> bas5ess ( ! expression ( 
t]ror1 a bas5ess attribut$ to x 9 all   
times1 & among all nations1 z ( a       
passion a!i/ical1 brutal1 & pr(ane4 ,s  

also1 x is always jo9$ ) f]ocity1 :i* is
 ( all passions ! lea/ human2 = ( s5sual
 desires !re is lic5se to m51 z         
necessity2 & ( vanity !re is            
intellectual cause1 s t :5 se5 9 a brute
 x is pleasant & a sign ( good wit2 & ( 
fe> !re is at times necessity & excuse1 
z be+ all[$ = prev5tion ( h>m2 b (      
f]ocity !re is no excuse nor palliation1
 b x is pure ess5ce ( tig] & demon1 & x 
ca/s on ! human face ! pal5ess alike ( !
 horse ( ,dea?1 & ! a%es ( hell4   ,sec4
 #cj4 ,su* expressions h[ s\ght by      
pa9t]s p[]less & impi\s4  ,:]e=e1 ( all 
subjects t c be admitt$ to sight1 !     
expressions ( fe> & f]ocity are ! mo/   
f\l & dete/able1 & s !re is 9 !m ,i "k n
 :at sympa!tic attractiv5ess = m9ds     
c[>dly & base1 z ! vulg> ( mo/ nations1 
& =asmu* z !y are easily r5d]$ by m5 :o 
c r5d] no?+ else1 !y are (t5 tru/$ 9 by 
! h]d ( pa9t]s incapable & pr(ane1 z 9 t
 mon/r\s abortion ( ! fir/ room ( !     
,l\vre1 call$ ! ,deluge1 ^: subject is  
pure1 acute1 mortal fe>2 & s g5]ally !  

s5seless horrors ( ! mod]n ,fr5* s*ools1
 spawn ( ! guillot9e3 also !re is n a   
great] te/ ( gr&eur or meanness ( m9d   
?an ! expressions x w seek = & develop 9
 ! features & =ms ( m5 9 fi]ce /rife1   
:e!r det]m9ation & devotion1 & all ! o!r
 attributes ( t unselfi%ness :i*        
con/itutes h]oism1 z 9 ! w>rior (       
,agasias2 & di/ress n agitat$ nor       
unwor?y1 ?\gh mortal1 z 9 ! ,dy+        
,gladiator1 or brutal f]ocity & but*]$  
agony1 ( :i* ! l[e/ & lea/ palliat$     
examples are ^? battles ( ,salvator     
,rosa1 :i* none b a man1 base-born &    
?ief-br$1 c\ld h dwelt ^u = an in/ant   
)\t sick5+1 ( :i* ,i w only "n t example
 9 ! ,pitti palace1 :]e9 ! *ief figure 9
 ! =egr\nd is a man ) 8 arm cut (f at ! 
%\ld]1 run ?r\gh ! o!r h& into ! brea/ )
 a lance4#dc ,& manifold in/ances ( !   
same feel+ are to be f\nd 9 ! repa9t+ ( 
! v>i\s repres5tations ( ! ,inf]no1 s   
common ?r\gh ,italy1 m especially t (   
,orcagna's 9 ! ,campo ,santo1 :]e9 ! few
 figures ne> ! top t yet rema9 unt\*$   

are gr& 9 _! sev]e draw+ & expressions (
 endur+ despair1 :ile ^? bel[1 repa9t$  
by ,solazz9o1 dep5d = _! expressiv5ess  
^u torr5ts ( blood2 s 9 ! ,inf]no (     
,santa ,m>ia ,novella1 & ( ! ,ar5a      
*apel1 n to speak ( ! horrible images ( 
! ,passion1 by :i* vulg> ,romanism has  
always /riv5 to excite ! languid        
sympa?ies ( its untaught flocks4 ,( :i* 
f\lness let u reason no f>!r1 ! v image 
& memory ( !m be+ pollution1 only notic+
 ?is1 t !re has always be5 a morbid     
t5d5cy 9 ,romanism t[>ds ! contemplation
 ( bodily pa91 ow+ to ! attribution (   
sav+ p[] to x1 :i*1 l e o!r moral error1
 has be5 ( fatal effect 9 art1 leav+ n  
altoge!r )\t ! /a9 & blame ( x1 ev5 !   
highe/ ( ! pure ,romani/ pa9t]s2 z ,fra 
,angelico1 = in/ance1 :o1 9 8 ,passion  
subjects1 always insi/s weakly on !     
bodily torture1 & is unsp>+ ( blood2 &  
,giotto1 ?\gh 8 treatm5t is usually     
gr&]1 z 9 t ,crucifixion ov] ! door ( ! 
,conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 :]e ! blood is    
h>dly actual1 b issues f ! feet 9 a     

typical & conv5tional =m1 & becomes a   
crimson cord :i* is tw9$ /rangely b5ea? 
ab\t a skull2 only t :i* ^! holy m5 did 
to enhance1 ev5 ?\gh 9 _! means mi/ak51 
! impression & p[] ( ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 
or ( 8 sa9ts1 is always 9 a measure     
noble1 & to be di/+ui%$ ) all rev]5ce f 
! abom9ations ( ! irreligi\s pa9t]s     
foll[+1 z ( ,camillo ,procacc9i1 9 "o ( 
8 m>tyrdoms 9 ! ,gall]y ( ! ,br]a1 at   
,milan1 & o!r su*1 ^: names may be well 
sp>$ to ! read]4   ,sec4 #ca4 ,( passion
 g5]ally4  ,sec4 #cb4 ,x is nev] to be =
 itself exhibit$--at lea/ on ! face4    
,^!1 !n1 are ! f\r passions ^: pres5ce 9
 any degree on ! human face is          
degradation4 ,b ( all passion x is to be
 g5]ally obs]v$1 t x becomes ignoble    
ei!r :5 ent]ta9$ respect+ unwor?y       
objects1 & !re=e %all[ or unju/ifiable1 
or :5 ( impi\s viol5ce1 & s de/ructive (
 human dignity4 ,?us grief is noble or !
 rev]se1 accord+ to ! dignity & wor?9ess
 ( ! object lam5t$1 & ! gr&eur ( ! m9d  
endur+ x4 ,! sorr[ ( mortifi$ vanity or 

av>ice is simply disgu/+1 ev5 t ( b]eav$
 affection may be base if selfi% &      
unre/ra9$4 ,all grief t convulses !     
features is ignoble1 because x is       
commonly %all[ & c]ta9ly tempor>y1 z 9  
*ildr51 ?\gh 9 ! %ock & %iv] ( a /rong  
man's features "u sudd5 & viol5t grief  
!re may be some?+ ( sublime4 ,! grief ( 
,gu]c9o's ,hag>1 9 ! ,br]a gall]y at    
,milan1 is p>tly despicable1 p>tly      
disgu/+1 p>tly ridicul\s2 x is n ! grief
 ( ! injur$ ,egyptian1 driv5 =? into !  
des]t ) ! de/9y ( a nation 9 h] he>t1 b 
( a s]vant ( all "w1 turn$ away = /eal+ 
tea & sug>4 ,common pa9t]s =get t       
passion is n absolutely & 9 itself great
 or viol5t1 b only 9 proportion to !    
weakness ( ! m9d x has to deal )2 & t 9 
exagg]at+ its outw>d signs1 !y are n    
exalt+ ! passion1 b evaporat+ ! h]o4#dd 
,!y ?9k too mu* ( passions z always !   
same 9 _! nature1 =gett+ t ! love (     
,a*illes is diff]5t f ! love ( ,p>is1 & 
( ,alce/is f t ( ,laodamia4 ,! use &    
value ( passion is n z a subject 9      

contemplation 9 itself1 b z x breaks up 
! f\nta9s ( ! great deep ( ! human m9d1 
or displays its might9ess & ribb$       
maje/y1 z m\nta9s are se5 9 _! /ability 
be/ among ! coil ( cl\ds2 :5ce1 9 f9e1  
,i ?9k x is to be held t all passion :i*
 atta9s ov]:elm+ p[]1 s t x is n z      
resi/+1 b z conqu]$1 t ! creature is    
contemplat$1 is unfit = high art1 &     
de/ructive ( ! ideal "* ( ! c\nt5ance3 &
 9 ?is respect1 ,i _c b hold ,raffaelle 
to h err$ 9 8 endeavor to express       
passion ( su* acut5ess 9 ! human face2 z
 9 ! fragm5t ( ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts
 9 our own gall]y1 7:]e91 repa9t$ ?\gh x
 be1 ,i suppose ! purpose ( ! ma/] is   
yet to be und]/ood17 = if su* subjects  
are to be repres5t$ at all1 _! entire   
expression may be giv5 )\t degrad+ !    
face1 z we %all pres5tly see done )     
unspeakable p[] by ,t9toret1#de & ,i ?9k
 t all subjects ( ! k9d1 all human      
mis]y1 slaught]1 fam9e1 plague1 p]il1 & 
crime1 are bett] 9 ! ma9 avoid$1 z (    
unpr(itable & h>d5+ influ5ce1 unless s  

f> z out ( ! suff]+1 h9t$ r ?an         
express$1 we may raise into nobl] relief
 ! et]nal endur+ ( =titude & affection1 
( m]cy & self-devotion1 or :51 z by !   
?re%+-floor ( ,ornan1 & by ! cave (     
,laz>us1 ! angel ( ! ,"l is to be se5 9 
! *a/isem5t1 & 8 love to be manife/$ to 
! despair ( m54   ,sec4 #cc4            
,recapitulation  ,?us1 !n1 we h 9 "s    
sort enum]at$ ^? evil signs :i* are mo/ 
necess>y to be %unn$ 9 ! seek+ ( ideal  
beauty1#df ?\gh x is n ! k ( !m1 b !    
dread & hatr$ ( !m1 :i* w effectually   
aid ! pa9t]2 z on ! o!r h& x is n by m]e
 admission ( ! lovel9ess ( good & holy  
expression t its subtile *>act]s are to 
be trac$4 ,raffaelle himself1 que/ion$  
on ?is subject1 made d\btful answ]2 he  
probably c\ld n trace ?r\gh :at e>ly    
tea*+1 or by :at dies ( emotion ! image 
_h be5 seal$ ^u 8 he>t4 ,our own ,bacon1
 :o well saw ! impossibility ( rea*+ x  
by ! comb9ation ( _m sep>ate beauties1  
yet expla9s n ! nature ( t k9d (        
felicity to :i* he attributes success4  

,i suppose ^? :o h conceiv$ & wr\ght !  
lovelie/ ?+s1 h done s by no !oriz+1 b 9
 simple labor ( love1 & c\ld n1 if put  
to a b> ( rationalism1 def5d all po9ts (
 :at !y _h done1 b pa9t$ x 9 _! own     
delight1 & to ! delight ( all besides1  
only always ) t respect ( consci5ce &   
fe> ( sw]v+ f t :i* is "r1 :i* make?    
dilig5t obs]v]s ( circum/ances ! loose  
reg>d :]e( is ! nurse ( vulg> folly1 no 
less ?an ,solomon's att5tion !reunto 0 (
 natural fur!rances ! mo/ effectual to  
make him em95t above o!rs1 = he gave    
good he$1 & pi]c$ ev]y?+ to ! v         
gr\nd4#dg  ,) :i* good he$1 & wat*+ ( ! 
in/ants :5 m5 feel w>mly & rightly1 z ! 
,indians d = ! diamond 9 _! wa%+ ( s&1 &
 t ) ! desire & hope ( f9d+ true good 9 
m51 & n ) ! ready vanity t sets itself  
to fiction in/antly1 & c>ries its       
pott]'s :eel ab\t ) x always1 7(f :i*   
!re w come only clay vessels ( regul>   
%ape aft] all17 in/ead ( ! pure mirror t
 c %[ ! s]aph /&+ by ! human body--/&+ z
 signal to ! heav5ly l&3#dh ) ?is he$ & 

?is *>ity1 !re are none ( u t may n br+ 
d[n t lamp ^u 8 pa? ( :i* ,sp5s] sang3--
                  ,t beauty is n1 z fond
 m5 misdeem                  ,an outw>d 
%[ ( ?+s1 t only seem2                  
,b t fair lamp1 f ^: cele/ial ray       
,t light proce$s1 :i* k9dle? lov]'s     
fire1                  ,%all nev] be    
ext+ui%$ nor decay4                  ,b 
:5 ! vital spirits d expire1            
,unto h] native planet %all retire1     
,= x is heav5ly born & _c die1          
,be+ a p>cel ( ! pure/ sky4             
,,footnotes    #ch ,rev4 vii4 #b4    #ci
 ,comp>e ,"p ,,ii4 ,sec4 ,i4 ,*ap4 ,,iii
 ,sec4 #f4    #dj ,de la ,poesie        
,*reti5ne4 ,=me de l',art4 ,*ap4 ,,viii4
    #da ,z 9 ! noble ,l\vre picture4    
#db ,! ,madonna turns h] back to ,*ri/1 
& b5ds h] head ov]     h] %\ld] to      
receive ! cr[n1 ! arms be+ fold$ )      
/udi$ grace ov] ! bosom4    #dc ,comp>e 
,mi*elet1 7,du ,pretre1 de la ,femme1 de
 la ,famille17     ,*ap4 ,,iii4 note4   
,he uses language too viol5t to be      

quot$2 b     excuses ,salvator by       
ref]5ce to ! savage "* ( ! ,?irty       
,ye>s' ,w>4 ,t ?is excuse has no        
validity may be prov$ by     comp>+ !   
pa9t]'s treatm5t ( o!r subjects4 ,see   
,sec4 ,,ii4     ,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,sec4 #ai1 
note4    #dd        ,! fire1 t m\nts !  
liquor1 till x run o'er                 
,9 seem+ to augm5t x1 wa/es x4          
,,h5ry ,,viii4    #de ,sect4 ,,ii4 ,*ap4
 ,,iii4 ,sec4 #bb4    #df ,let x be     
obs]v$ t x is always ( beauty1 n ( human
     "* 9 its l[] & crim9al             
modifications1 t we h be5     speak+4 ,t
 v>iety ( "*1 !re=e1 :i* we h           
affirm$ to be necess>y1 is ! v>iety (   
,giotto & ,angelico1 n     ( ,hog>?4    
,works conc]n$ ) ! exhibition ( g5]al   
"*1 are to be spok5 ( 9 ! consid]ation (
 ,ideas (     ,relation4    #dg ,hook]1 
,book ,v4 ,*ap4 ,i4 ,sec4 #b4    #dh    
,ea* corse lay flat1 lifeless & flat1   
,& by ! holy rood1                 ,a   
man all light1 a s]aph man              
,by e corse !re /ood4                   

,?is s]aph b&1 ea* wav$ 8 h&1           
,x 0 a heav5ly sight2                   
,!y /ood z signals to ! l&1             
,ea* "o a lovely light4                 
,,anci5t ,,m>9]                         
,,*apt] ,,xv4          ,,g5]al          
,,conclusions ,,respect+ ,,! ,,!oretic  
,,faculty4   ,sec4 #a4 ,!re are no      
s\rces ( ! emotion ( beauty m ?an ^?    
f\nd        9 ?+s visible4  ,sec4 #b4   
,:at imp]fection exi/s 9 visible ?+s4   
,h[ 9 a sort by        imag9ation       
removable4  ,sec4 #c4 ,:i* h[ev] affects
 n our pres5t conclusions4  ,( ! s\rces 
( beauty op5 to u 9 ! visible _w1 we h  
n[ obta9$ a view :i*1 ?\gh mo/ feeble 9 
its grasp & scanty 9 its detail1 is yet 
g5]al 9 its range4 ,( no o!r s\rces ?an 
^! visible c we1 by any ef=t 9 our      
pres5t condition ( exi/5ce1 conceive4 ,=
 :at revelations h be5 made to humanity 
inspir$1 or caught up to heav5 ( ?+s to 
! heav5ly region belong+1 h be5 ei!r by 
unspeakable words :i* x is n lawful = a 
man to utt]1 or else by _! v nature     

incommunicable1 except 9 types & %ad[s2 
& ineffable by words belong+ to e>?1 = (
 ?+s diff]5t f ! visible1 words         
appropriat$ to ! visible c convey no    
image4 ,h[ diff]5t f e>?ly gold t cle>  
pavem5t ( ! city might h seem$ to ! eyes
 ( ,/4 ,john1 we ( unreceiv$ sight _c   
"k2 nei!r ( t /range jasp] & s>d9e c we 
conceive ! lik5ess :i* he assum$ t sat  
on ! ?rone above ! cry/al sea2 nei!r :at
 seem+ t 0 ( slay+ t ! ,root ( ,david   
bore 9 ! mid/ ( ! eld]s2 nei!r :at *ange
 x 0 ^u ! =m ( ! f\r? ( !m t walk$ 9 !  
furnace ( ,dura1 t ev5 ! wra? ( idolatry
 knew = ! lik5ess ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,!   
kn[+ t is "h p]mitt$ to u is ei!r ( ?+s 
outw>d only1 z 9 ^? x is ^: eyes fai?   
nev] op5$1 or else ( t d>k "p t h] glass
 %[s feebly1 ( ?+s sup]natural1 t gleam+
 ( ! ,div9e =m among ! mortal cr[d1 :i* 
all may cat* if !y w climb ! sycamore & 
wait2 nor h[ mu* ( ,god's abid+ at !    
h\se may be grant$ to ^? t s seek1 & h[ 
mu* m may be op5$ to !m 9 ! break+ (    
bread1 _c be said2 b ( t only we c      

reason :i* is 9 a measure reveal$ to    
all1 ( t :i* is by con/ancy & purity (  
affection to be f\nd 9 ! ?+s & ! be+s   
ar\nd u ^u e>?4 ,n[ among all ^? ?+s ^: 
beauty we h hi!rto exam9$1 !re has be5 a
 measure ( imp]fection4 ,ei!r inf]iority
 ( k9d1 z ! beauty ( ! l[] animals1 or  
result+ f degradation1 z 9 man himself2 
& al?\gh 9 consid]+ ! beauty ( human =m1
 we arriv$ at "s conception (           
re/oration1 yet we f\nd t ev5 !         
re/oration mu/ be 9 "s respect imp]fect1
 z incapable ( embrac+ all qualities1   
moral & intellectual1 at once1 nei!r to 
be fre$ f all signs ( =m] evil done or  
suff]$4 ,consummate beauty1 !re=e1 is n 
to be f\nd on e>?1 ?\gh (t5 su* int5se  
measure ( x z %all dr[n all capacity (  
receiv+2 nei!r is x to be respect+      
humanity legitimately conceiv$4 ,b by   
c]ta9 op]ations ( ! imag9ation ^u ideas 
( beauty receiv$ f ?+s ar\nd u1 x is    
possible to conceive respect+ sup]human 
creatures 7( t :i* is m ?an creature1 no
 creature ev] conceiv$7 a beauty 9 "s   

sort great] ?an we see4 ,( ?is beauty1  
h[ev]1 x is impossible to det]m9e any?+ 
until we h trac$ ! imag9ative op]ations 
to :i* x owes its be+1 ( :i* op]ations  
?is mu* may be prematurely said1 t !y   
are n creative1 t no new ideas are      
elicit$ by !m1 & t _! :ole function is  
only a c]ta9 deal+ )1 conc5trat+ or mode
 ( reg>d+ ! impressions receiv$ f       
ext]nal ?+s1 t !re=e1 9 ! beauty to :i* 
!y w conduct u1 !re w be f\nd no new    
elem5t1 b only a peculi> comb9ation or  
phase ( ^? elem5ts t we n[ "k1 & t !re=e
 we may at pres5t draw all ! conclusions
 ) respect to ! rank ( ! !oretic        
faculty1 :i* ! k ( its subject matt] c  
w>rant4   ,sec4 #d4 ,! f\r s\rces f :i* 
! pleasure ( beauty is d]iv$ are        
all div9e4  ,we h se5 t ?is subject     
matt] is ref]able to f\r g5]al heads4 ,x
 is ei!r ! record ( consci5ce1 pr9t$ 9  
?+s ext]nal1 or x is a symboliz+ (      
,div9e attributes 9 matt]1 or x is !    
felicity ( liv+ ?+s1 or ! p]fect        
fulfilm5t ( _! duties & functions4 ,9   

all cases x is some?+ ,div9e1 ei!r !    
approv+ voice ( ,god1 ! glori\s symbol (
 him1 ! evid5ce ( 8 k9d pres5ce1 or !   
ob$i5ce to 8 w by him induc$ & support$4
  ,all ^! subjects ( contemplation are  
su* z we may suppose w rema9 s\rces (   
pleasure to ! p]fect$ _s ?r\gh\t        
et]nity4 ,div9e 9 _! nature1 !y are     
address$ to ! immortal "p ( m54   ,sec4 
#e4 ,:at objections may be made to ?is  
conclusion4  ,!re rema91 h[ev]1 two     
po9ts to be notic$ be=e ,i c hope t ?is 
conclusion w be frankly accept$ by !    
read]4 ,if x be ! moral "p ( u to :i*   
beauty addresses itself1 h[ does x      
happ51 x w be ask$1 t x is ev] f\nd 9 ! 
works ( impi\s m51 & h[ is x possible = 
su* to desire or conceive x8  ,on ! o!r 
h&1 h[ does x happ5 t m5 9 high /ate (  
moral culture are (t5 ins5sible to !    
influ5ce ( mat]ial beauty1 & insi/      
feebly ^u x z an in/rum5t ( s\l culture4
  ,^! two objections ,i %all endeavor   
briefly to answ]1 n t !y c be           
satisfactorily treat$ )\t t detail$     

exam9ation ( ! :ole body ( great works (
 art1 on :i* ,i purpose to ent] 9 !     
foll[+ volume4 ,= ! "r det]m9ation ( ^! 
two que/ions is inde$ ! :ole end & aim (
 my labor1 7& if x c\ld be "h           
accompli%$1 ,i %\ld be/[ no ef=t f>!r17 
namely1 ! prov+ t no supreme p[] ( art c
 be atta9$ by impi\s m52 & t ! neglect (
 art1 z an int]pret] ( div9e ?+s1 has   
be5 ( evil consequ5ce to ! ,*ri/ian _w4 
,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 ,i w\ld only meet su*
 objections z mu/ imm$iately arise 9 !  
read]'s m9d4   ,sec4 #f4 ,typical beauty
 may be ae/hetically pursu$4 ,in/ances4 
,sec4 #g4 ,h[ int]rupt$ by false feel+4 
,& fir/1 x w be rememb]$ t ,i h1 ?r\gh\t
 ! exam9ation ( typical beauty1 ass]t$  
its in/9ctive p[]1 ! moral mean+ ( x be+
 only discov]able by fai?ful ?\ght4 ,n[ 
?is in/9ctive s5se ( x v>ies 9 int5sity 
among m51 be+ giv51 l ! he>+ e> ( music1
 to "s m ?an to o!rs3 & if ^? to :om x  
is giv5 9 l>ge measure be un=tunately m5
 ( impi\s or unreflect+ _s1 x is v      
possible t ! p]ceptions ( beauty %\ld be

 by !m cultivat$ on pr9ciples m]ely     
ae/hetic1 & s lose _! hall[+ p[]2 = ?\gh
 ! good se$ 9 !m is altoge!r div9e1 yet1
 !re be+ no bless+ 9 ! spr++ !re(1 x    
br+s =? wild grapes 9 ! end4 ,& yet ^!  
wild grapes are well disc]nible1 l !    
deadly g\rds ( ,gilgal4 ,!re is 9 all   
works ( su* m5 a ta9t & /a91 & j>r+     
discord1 black] & l\d] exactly 9        
proportion to ! moral defici5cy1 ( :i* !
 be/ pro( & measure is to be f\nd 9 _!  
treatm5t ( ! human =m1 7s9ce 9 l&scape x
 is ne>ly impossible to introduce       
def9ite expression ( evil17 ( :i* !     
highe/ beauty has be5 atta9$ only once1 
& !n by no sy/em taught pa9t]1 b by a   
mo/ holy ,dom9ican monk ( ,fiesole2 &   
b5ea? him all /oop l[] & l[] 9          
proportion to _! inf]ior sanctity1 ?\gh 
) m or less atta9m5t ( t :i* is noble1  
accord+ to _! intellectual p[] &        
e>ne/ness1 z ,raffaelle 9 8 ,/4         
,cecilia1 7a m]e /udy ( a passionate1   
d>k-ey$1 l>ge =m$ ,italian model17 & ev5
 ,p]ug9o1 9 t !re is ab\t 8 noble/ faces

 a %ortcom+1 indef9able2 an abs5ce ( !  
full outp\r+ ( ! sacr$ _s t !re is 9    
,angelico2 traceable1 ,i d\bt n1 to "s  
defici5cies & av>ici\s flaws ( 8 he>t1  
^: consequ5ces 9 8 conduct 7 su* z to   
give ,vas>i hope t 8 lies might /ick to 
him 7= ! contradiction ( :i* 9 ! ma91 if
 !re be n contradiction en\gh 9 e l9e t 
! h& ( ,p]ug9o drew1 comp>e ,rio1 de la 
,poesie ,*reti5ne1 & note also :at ,rio 
has s+ul>ly miss$ obs]v+1 t ,p]ug9o1 9 8
 portrait ( himself 9 ! ,flor5ce gall]y1
 has put a scroll into ! h&1 ) ! words  
,timete ,deum1 ?us surely indicat+ t :i*
 he consid]$ 8 duty & message37 & s all 
o!r ev5 ( ! sacr$ pa9t]s1 n to speak ( !
 l[] body ( m5 9 :om1 on ! "o h&1 !re is
 m>k$ s5suality & impurity 9 all t !y   
seek ( beauty1 z 9 ,correggio & ,guido1 
or1 on ! o!r1 a want 9 measure ( ! s5se 
( beauty itself1 z 9 ,rub5s & ,titian1  
%[+ itself 9 ! adoption ( co>se types ( 
feature & =m2 sometimes also 7( :i* ,i  
c\ld f9d in/ances 9 mod]n times17 9 a   
want ( evid5ce ( delight 9 :at !y d2 s  

t1 aft] !y h r5d]$ "s passage ( exce$+  
beauty1 !y w suff] "s discordant po9t to
 int]f]e ) x1 & x w n hurt !m1 z if !y  
_h no pleasure 9 t :i* 0 be/1 b _h done 
x 9 inspiration t 0 n pr(itable to !m1 z
 deaf m5 might t\* an in/rum5t ) a feel+
 9 _! he>t1 :i* yet returns n outw>dly  
^u !m1 & s "k n :5 !y play false3 &     
sometimes by total want ( *oice1 = !re  
is a *oice ( love 9 all rightly temp]$  
m51 n t ignorant & insol5t *oice :i*    
rejects half nature z empty ( ! "r1 b t 
pure *oice t fet*es ! "r out ( ev]y?+2 &
 :]e ?is is want+1 we may see m5 walk+  
up & d[n 9 dry places1 f9d+ no re/1 ev] 
& anon do+ some?+ noble1 & yet n foll[+ 
x up1 b dwell+ ! next in/ant on some?+  
impure or pr(itless ) ! same int5sity & 
yet impati5ce1 s t !y are ev] wond]$ at 
& nev] sympa?iz$ )1 & :ile !y dazzle    
all1 !y lead none2 & !n1 b5ea? ^! aga91 
we f9d o!rs on ^: works !re are def9ite 
signs ( evil m9d1 ill-repress$1 & !n    
inability to avoid1 & at la/ p]petual   
seek+ = & fe$+ ^u horror & ugl9ess1 &   

fil?9ess ( s91 z em95tly 9 ,salvator &  
,c>avaggio1 & ! l[] ,dut* s*ools1 only 9
 ^! la/ less pa9fully z !y lose !       
villan\s 9 ! brutal1 & ! horror ( crime 
9 its idiocy4   ,sec4 #h4 ,greatness &  
tru? are sometimes by ! ,deity su/a9$ & 
spok5        9 & ?r\gh evil m54  ,b     
secondly1 x is to be not$ t x is nei!r  
by u unc]ta9able :at mom5ts ( pure feel+
 or aspiration may occur to m5 ( m9ds   
app>5tly cold & lo/1 nor by u to be     
pron\nc$ ?r\gh :at in/rum5ts1 & 9 :at   
/rangely occurr5t voices1 ,god may *oose
 to communicate good to m54 ,x seems to 
me t mu* ( :at is great1 & to all m5    
b5eficial1 has be5 wr\ght by ^? :o nei!r
 int5d$ nor knew ! good !y did1 & t _m  
mighty h>monies h be5 disc\rs$ by       
in/rum5ts t _h be5 dumb or discordant1 b
 t ,god knew _! /ops4 ,! ,_s ( ,prophecy
 consi/$ ) ! av>ice ( ,balaam1 & !      
disob$i5ce ( ,saul4 ,c\ld we sp>e f its 
page t p>able1 :i* he said1 :o saw !    
vision ( ! ,almighty1 fall+ into a      
trance1 b hav+ 8 eyes op51 ?\gh we "k t 

! sword ( 8 puni%m5t 0 !n %>p 9 its %ea?
 b5ea? him 9 ! pla9s ( ,moab8 or %all we
 n lam5t ) ,david ov] ! %ield ca/ away  
on ! ,gilboa m\nta9s1 ( him to :om ,god 
gave ano!r he>t t day :5 he turn$ 8 back
 to g f ,samuel8 ,x is n our "p to look 
h>dly1 nor to look always1 to ! "* or ! 
de$s ( m51 b to accept f all ( !m1 & to 
hold fa/ t :i* we c prove good1 & feel  
to be orda9$ = u4 ,we "k t :atev] good  
!re is 9 !m is itself div9e1 & :]ev] we 
see ! virtue ( ard5t labor &            
self-surr5d]+ to a s+le purpose1 :]ev]  
we f9d con/ant ref]5ce made to ! writt5 
scripture ( natural beauty1 ?is at lea/ 
we "k is great & good1 ?is we "k is n   
grant$ by ! c\nsel ( ,god1 )\t purpose1 
nor ma9ta9$ )\t result3 ,_!             
int]pretation we may accept1 into _!    
labor we may ent]1 b !y !mselves mu/    
look to x1 if :at !y d has no int5t (   
good1 nor any ref]5ce to ! ,giv] ( all  
gifts4 ,selfi% 9 _! indu/ry1 un*a/5$ 9  
_! wills1 ungrateful = ! ,_s t is ^u !m1
 !y may yet be helm$ by t ,_s :i!rsoev] 

! ,gov]nor li/e?2 involunt>y in/rum5ts  
!y may become ( o!rs' good2 unwill+ly !y
 may bless ,israel1 d\bt+ly discomfit   
,amalek1 b %ortcom+ !re w be ( _! glory1
 & sure1 ( _! puni%m5t4   ,sec4 #i4 ,!  
second objection aris+ f ! coldness (   
,*ri/ian m5 to        ext]nal beauty4   
,i believe ,i %all be able1 incid5tally1
 9 succe$+ inve/igations1 to prove ?is  
%ortcom+1 & to exam9e ! s\rces ( x1 n   
absolutely inde$1 7see+ t all reason+ on
 ! *>act]s ( m5 mu/ be trea*]\s1 our k  
on ?is head be+ z corrupt z x is scanty1
 :ile ev5 9 liv+ ) !m x is impossible to
 trace ! work+1 or e/imate ! errors (   
great & self-secret$ m9ds17 b at lea/   
en\gh to e/abli% ! g5]al pr9ciple ^u su*
 gr\nds ( fact z may satisfy ^? :o dem& 
! practical pro( 7(t5 9 a measure       
impossible7 ( ?+s :i* c h>dly be d\bt$ 9
 _! rational consequ5ce4 ,at pres5t1 x  
w\ld be useless to ent] on an exam9ation
 = :i* we h no mat]ials2 & ,i proce$1   
!re=e1 to notice t o!r & opposite error 
( ,*ri/ian m5 9 ?9k+ t !re is little use

 or value 9 ! op]ation ( ! !oretic      
faculty1 n t ,i at pres5t ei!r feel     
myself capable1 or t ?is is ! place = ! 
discussion ( t va/ "q ( ! op]ation (    
ta/e 7z x is call$7 on ! m9ds ( m51 & ! 
national value ( its tea*+1 b ,i wi%    
%ortly to reply to t objection :i* might
 be urg$ to ! real moral dignity ( !    
faculty1 t _m ,*ri/ian m5 seem to be 9  
!mselves )\t x1 & ev5 to disc\nt5ance x 
9 o!rs4  ,x has be5 said by ,s*ill]1 9 8
 lett]s on ae/hetic culture1 t ! s5se ( 
beauty nev] f>!r$ ! p]=mance ( a s+le   
duty4   ,sec4 #aj4 ,reasons = ?is       
coldness 9 ! anxieties ( ! _w4 ,^!      
anxieties ov]wr\ght & crim9al4  ,sec4   
#aa4 ,evil consequ5ces ( su* coldness4  
,sec4 #ab4 ,!oria ! s]vice ( ,heav54    
,al?\gh ?is gross & inconceivable       
falsity w h>dly be accept$ by any "o 9 s
 _m t]ms1 see+ t !re are few s utt]ly   
lo/ b t !y receive1 & "k t !y receive1  
at c]ta9 mom5ts1 /r5g? ( "s k9d1 or     
rebuke f ! appeal+s ( outw>d ?+s2 & t x 
is n possible = a ,*ri/ian man to walk  

across s mu* z a rood ( ! natural e>?1 )
 m9d unagitat$ & rightly pois$1 )\t     
receiv+ /r5g? & hope f "s /one1 fl[]1   
leaf1 or s\nd1 nor )\t a s5se ( a dew   
fall+ ^u him out ( ! sky2 ?\gh1 ,i say1 
?is falsity is n :olly & 9 t]ms admitt$1
 yet x seems to be p>tly & practically s
 9 mu* ( ! do+ & tea*+ ev5 ( holy m51 :o
 9 ! recomm5d+ ( ! love ( ,god to u1    
ref] b seldom to ^? ?+s 9 :i* x is mo/  
abundantly & imm$iately %[n2 ?\gh !y    
insi/ mu* on 8 giv+ ( bread1 & raim5t1 &
 heal?1 7:i* he gives to all inf]ior    
creatures17 !y require u n to ?ank him =
 t glory ( 8 works :i* he has p]mitt$ u 
alone to p]ceive3 !y tell u (t5 to      
m$itate 9 ! closet1 b !y s5d u n1 l     
,isaac1 into ! fields at ev51 !y dwell  
on ! duty ( self-d5ial1 b !y exhibit n !
 duty ( delight4 ,n[ !re are reasons =  
?is1 manifold1 9 ! toil & w>f>e ( an    
e>ne/ m9d1 :i*1 9 its ef=ts at ! rais+ (
 m5 f utt] loss & mis]y1 has (t5 b      
little "t or disposition to take he$ (  
any?+ m ?an ! b>e life1 & ( ^? s occupi$

 x is n = u to judge1 b ,i ?9k1 t1 ( !  
weaknesses1 di/resses1 vanities1 s*isms1
 & s9s1 :i* (t5 ev5 9 ! holie/ m51      
dim9i% _! usefulness1 & m> _! happ9ess1 
!re w\ld be few] if1 9 _! /ruggle )     
nature fall51 !y s\ght = m aid f nature 
unde/roy$4 ,x seems to me t ! real      
s\rces ( bluntness 9 ! feel+s t[>ds !   
spl5dor ( ! grass & glory ( ! fl[]1 are 
less to be f\nd 9 ardor ( occupation1 9 
s]i\sness ( compassion1 or heav5l9ess ( 
desire1 ?an 9 ! turn+ ( ! eye at        
int]vals ( re/ too selfi%ly )92 ! want (
 p[] to %ake (f ! anxieties ( actual &  
ne> int]e/1 & to leave results 9 ,god's 
h&s2 ! scorn ( all t does n seem        
imm$iately apt = our purposes1 or op5 to
 our und]/&+1 & p]haps some?+ ( pride1  
:i* desires r to inve/igate ?an to feel4
 ,i believe t ! root ( almo/ e s*ism &  
h]esy f :i* ! ,*ri/ian *ur* has ev]     
suff]$1 has be5 ! ef=t ( m5 to e>n1 r   
?an to receive1 _! salvation2 & t !     
reason t prea*+ is s commonly           
ineffectual is1 t x calls on m5 (t5] to 

"w = ,god1 ?an to behold ,god work+ =   
!m4 ,if1 = e rebuke t we utt] ( m5's    
vices1 we put =? a claim ^u _! he>ts2 if
 = e ass]tion ( ,god's dem&s f !m1 we   
c\ld sub/itute a display ( 8 k9dness to 
!m2 if side by side ) e w>n+ ( dea?1 we 
c\ld exhibit pro(s & promises (         
immortality2 if1 9 f9e1 in/ead ( assum+ 
! be+ ( an awful ,deity1 :i* m51 ?\gh !y
 _c & d>e n d5y1 are always unwill+1    
sometimes unable1 to conceive1 we 7 to  
%[ !m a ne>1 visible1 inevitable1 b all 
b5efic5t ,deity1 ^: pres5ce makes ! e>? 
itself a heav51 ,i ?9k !re w\ld be few] 
deaf *ildr5 sitt+ 9 ! m>ket-place4 ,at  
all ev5ts1 :atev] may be ! inability 9  
?is pres5t life to m+le ! full enjoym5t 
( ! ,div9e works ) ! full dis*>ge ( e   
practical duty1 & confess$ly 9 _m cases 
?is mu/ be1 let u n attribute !         
inconsi/5cy to any indignity ( ! faculty
 ( contemplation1 b to ! s9 & ! suff]+ (
 ! fall5 /ate1 & ! *ange ( ord] f !     
keep+ ( ! g>d5 to ! till+ ( ! gr\nd4 ,we
 _c say h[ f> x is "r or agreeable )    

,god's w1 :ile m5 are p]i%+ r\nd ab\t u1
 :ile grief1 & pa91 & wra?1 & impiety1 &
 dea?1 & all ! p[]s ( ! air1 are work+  
wildly & ev]more1 & ! cry ( blood go+ up
 to heav51 t any ( u %\ld take h& f !   
pl\gh2 b ?is we "k1 t !re w come a "t :5
 ! s]vice ( ,god %all be ! behold+ (    
him2 & ?\gh 9 ^! /ormy seas1 :]e we are 
n[ driv5 up & d[n1 8 ,_s is dimly se5 on
 ! face ( ! wat]s1 & we are left to ca/ 
an*ors out ( ! /]n1 & wi% = ! day1 t day
 w come1 :51 ) ! evangeli/s on ! cry/al 
& /able sea1 all ! creatures ( ,god %all
 be full ( eyes )91 & !re %all be no m  
curse1 b 8 s]vants %all s]ve him1 & %all
 see 8 face4                            
,,section ,,ii4                         
,,( ,,! ,,imag9ative ,,faculty4         
,,*apt] ,i4                     ,,( ,,! 
,,?ree ,,=ms ,,( ,,imag9ation4   ,sec4  
#a4 ,a p>tial exam9ation only ( !       
imag9ation is to be attempt$4  ,we h    
hi!rto be5 exclusively occupi$ ) ^?     
s\rces ( pleasure :i* exi/ 9 ! ext]nal  
creation1 & :i* 9 any fai?ful copy ( x  

mu/ to a c]ta9 ext5t exi/ also4  ,^!    
s\rces ( beauty1 h[ev]1 are n pres5t$ by
 any v great "w ( art 9 a =m ( pure     
transcript4 ,!y inv>iably receive !     
reflection ( ! m9d "u ^: %ad[ !y h      
pass$1 & are modifi$ or color$ by its   
image4  ,?is modification is ! ,"w (    
,imag9ation4  ,z1 9 ! c\rse ( our       
succe$+ inve/igation1 we %all be call$  
^u con/antly to comp>e s\rces ( beauty  
exi/+ 9 nature ) ! images ( !m pres5t$  
by ! human m9d1 x is v necess>y = u     
%ortly to review ! conditions & limits (
 ! imag9ative faculty1 & to asc]ta9 by  
:at te/s we may di/+ui% its sane1       
heal?y1 & pr(itable op]ation1 f t :i* is
 erratic1 diseas$1 & dang]\s4  ,x is    
nei!r desirable nor possible "h to      
exam9e or illu/rate 9 full ! ess5ce (   
?is mighty faculty4 ,su* an exam9ation  
w\ld require a review ( ! :ole field (  
lit]ature1 & w\ld alone dem& a volume4  
,our pres5t task is n to expla9 or      
exhibit full portraiture ( ?is function 
( ! m9d 9 all its relations1 b only to  

obta9 "s c]ta9 te/s by :i* we may       
det]m9e :e!r x be v imag9ation or no1 & 
unmask all imp]sonations ( x1 & ?is     
*iefly ) respect to art1 = 9 lit]ature !
 faculty takes a ?\s& =ms1 accord+ to ! 
matt] x has to treat1 & becomes l !     
pr9cess ( ! ,arabian tale1 sword1 eagle1
 or fire1 accord+ to ! w> x wages1      
sometimes pi]c+1 sometimes so>+1        
sometimes illum9+1 reta9+ no image (    
itself1 except its sup]natural p[]1 s t 
,i %all cont5t myself ) trac+ t p>ticul>
 =m ( x1 & unveil+ ^? imitations ( x    
only1 :i* are to be f\nd1 or fe>$1 9    
pa9t+1 ref]r+ to o!r creations ( m9d    
only = illu/ration4   ,sec4 #b4 ,! works
 ( ! metaphysicians h[ nugatory )       
respect to ?is        faculty4          
,un=tunately1 ! works ( metaphysicians w
 af=d u 9 ?is mo/ int]e/+ inquiry no aid
 :atsoev]4 ,!y :o are con/antly         
endeavor+ to fa?om & expla9 ! ess5ce ( !
 faculties ( m9d1 are sure 9 ! end to   
lose sight ( all t _c be expla9$1 7?\gh 
x may be def9$ & felt17 & because1 z ,i 

%all pres5tly %[1 ! ess5ce ( !          
imag9ative faculty is utt]ly my/]i\s &  
inexplicable1 & to be recogniz$ 9 its   
results only1 or 9 ! negative results ( 
its abs5ce1 ! metaphysicians1 z f> z ,i 
am acqua9t$ ) _! works1 miss x altoge!r1
 & nev] rea* high] ?an a def9ition (    
fancy by a false "n4  ,:at ,i und]/& by 
fancy w pres5tly appe>1 n t ,i cont5d = 
nom5clature1 b only = di/9ction betwe5  
two m5tal faculties1 by :atev] "n !y be 
call$1 "o ! s\rce ( all t is great 9 !  
poetic arts2 ! o!r m]ely decorative &   
ent]ta9+1 b :i* are (t5 conf\nd$ toge!r1
 & :i* h s mu* 9 common z to r5d] /rict 
def9ition ( ei!r difficult4   ,sec4 #c4 
,! def9ition ( ,d4 ,/ew>t1 h[           
inadequate4  ,dugald ,/ew>t's meagre    
def9ition may s]ve u = a />t+ po9t4     
,imag9ation1 he says1 includes          
conception or simple appreh5sion1 :i*   
enables u to =m a notion ( ^? =m]       
objects ( p]ception or ( k1 out ( :i* we
 are to make a selection2 ab/raction1   
:i* sep>ates ! select$ mat]ials f !     

qualities & circum/ances :i* are        
connect$ ) !m 9 nature2 & judgm5t or    
ta/e1 :i* selects ! mat]ials & directs  
_! comb9ation4 ,to ^! p[]s we may add t 
p>ticul> habit ( association to :i* ,i  
=m]ly gave ! "n ( fancy1 z x is ?is :i* 
pres5ts to our *oice all ! diff]5t      
mat]ials :i* are subs]vi5t to ! ef=ts ( 
imag9ation1 & :i* may !re=e be consid]$ 
z =m+ ! gr\nd-"w ( poetical g5ius4  7,by
 fancy 9 ?is passage1 we f9d on ref]r+  
to ! *apt] treat+ ( x1 t no?+ m is meant
 ?an ! rapid occurr5ce ( ideas ( s5se to
 ! m9d47  ,n[1 9 ?is def9ition1 ! v po9t
 & purpose ( all ! inquiry is miss$4 ,we
 are told t judgm5t or ta/e directs !   
comb9ation4 ,9 ord] t any?+ may be      
direct$1 an end mu/ be previ\sly        
det]m9$3 ,:at is ! faculty t det]m9es   
?is end8 & ( :at frame & make1 h[ bon$ &
 fle%$1 h[ conceiv$ or se51 is ! end    
itself8 ,b>e judgm5t1 or ta/e1 _c       
approve ( :at has no exi/5ce2 & yet by  
,dugald ,/ew>t's def9ition we are left  
to _! cat]+ among a ho/ ( conceptions1  

to produce a comb9ation :i*1 z !y "w =1 
!y mu/ see & approve be=e x exi/s4 ,?is 
p[] ( prophecy is ! v ess5ce ( ! :ole   
matt]1 & x is j t inexplicable "p :i* ! 
metaphysician misses4   ,sec4 #d4 ,?is  
in/ance nugatory4  ,z might be expect$ f
 8 misund]/&+ ( ! faculty1 he has giv5  
an in/ance entirely nugatory4#di ,x w\ld
 be difficult to f9d 9 ,milton a passage
 9 :i* less p[] ( imag9ation 0 %[n1 ?an 
! description ( ,ed51 if1 z ,i suppose1 
?is be ! passage meant1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! 
f\r? book1 9 :i* ,i c f9d ?ree          
expressions only 9 :i* ?is p[] is %[n1 !
 burni%$ ) gold5 r9d1 hung amiable ( !  
,hesp]ian fruit1 ! lays =? h] purple    
grape ( ! v9e & ! fr+$ bank ) myrtle    
cr[n$1 ( ! lake1 & ^! are n :at ,/ew>t  
meant1 b only t accumulation ( b[]s1    
groves1 lawns1 & hillocks1 :i* is n     
imag9ation at all1 b composition1 & t ( 
! commone/ k9d4 ,h5ce1 if we take any   
passage 9 :i* !re is real imag9ation1 we
 %all f9d ,/ew>t's hypo!sis n only      
ineffici5t & obscure1 b utt]ly          

inapplicable4   ,sec4 #e4 ,v>i\s        
in/ances4  ,take "o or two at r&om4     
,on ! o!r side1                 ,inc5s$ 
) indignation1 ,satan /ood              
,unt]rifi$1 & l a comet burn$           
,t fires ! l5g? ( ,ophiu*us huge        
,9 ! arctic sky1 & f 8 horrid hair      
,%akes pe/il5ce & w>4  7,note t ! ^w    
inc5s$ is to be tak5 9 its lit]al &     
mat]ial s5se1 set on fire47 ,:at ta/e or
 judgm5t 0 x t direct$ ?is comb9ation8  
or is !re no?+ m ?an ta/e or judgm5t "h8
                 ,t5 paces huge         
,he back recoil$2 ! t5? on b5d$ knee    
,8 massy spe> up/aid1 z if on e>?       
,w9ds "u gr\nd1 or wat]s =c+ way        
,sidelong _h pu%$ a m\nta9 f 8 seat     
,half-sunk ) all 8 p9es4                
,toge!r bo? ere ! high lawns appe>$     
,"u ! op5+ eyelids ( ! morn1            
,we drove a field1 & bo? toge!r he>d    
,:at "t ! gray-fly w9ds h] sultry horn4 
,miss+ !e1 ,i walk unse5                
,on ! dry smoo? %av5 gre54              
,to behold ! w&]+ moon                  

,rid+ ne> h] highe/ noon1               
,l "o t _h be5 l$ a/ray1                
,?r\gh ! heav5s' wide pa?less way1      
,& (t z if h] head %e b[$               
,/oop+ ?r\gh a fleecy cl\d4  ,x is      
evid5t t ,/ew>t's explanation utt]ly    
fails 9 all ^! in/ances1 = !re is 9 !m  
no comb9ation :atsoev]1 b a p>ticul>    
mode ( reg>d+ ! qualities or appe>ances 
( a s+le ?+1 illu/rat$ & convey$ to u by
 ! image ( ano!r2 & ! act ( imag9ation1 
obs]ve1 is n ! selection ( ?is image1 b 
! mode ( reg>d+ ! object4  ,b !         
metaphysician's def9ition fails yet m   
utt]ly1 :5 we look at ! imag9ation nei!r
 z reg>d+1 nor comb9+1 b z p5etrat+4    
,my graci\s ,sil5ce1 ,hail3             
,w\ld/ ?\ h laugh$1 _h ,i come c(f9'd   
home                 ,t weep'/ to see me
 triumph4 ,ah6 my de>1                  
,su* eyes ! wid[s 9 ,corioli we>1       
,& mo!rs t lack sons4  ,h[ did ,%akspe>e
 "k t ,virgilia c\ld n speak8  ,?is k1  
?is intuitive & p5etrative p]ception1 is
 /ill "o ( ! =ms1 ! highe/1 (           

imag9ation1 b !re is no comb9ation (    
images "h4   ,sec4 #f4 ,! ?ree op]ations
 ( ! imag9ation4 ,p5etrative1           
associative1        contemplative4  ,we 
f9d1 !n1 t ! imag9ation has ?ree totally
 di/9ct functions4 ,x comb9es1 & by     
comb9ation creates new =ms2 b ! secret  
pr9ciple ( ?is comb9ation has n be5 %[n 
by ! analy/s4 ,aga91 x treats or reg>ds 
bo? ! simple images & its own           
comb9ations 9 peculi> ways2 &1 ?irdly1 x
 p5etrates1 analyzes1 & rea*es tru?s by 
no o!r faculty discov]able4 ,^! its ?ree
 functions1 ,i %all endeavor to         
illu/rate1 b n 9 ?is ord]3 ! mo/ logical
 mode ( treatm5t w\ld be to foll[ ! ord]
 9 :i* commonly ! m9d works2 t is1      
p5etrat+ fir/1 comb9+ next1 & treat+ or 
reg>d+1 f9ally2 b ?is arrangem5t w\ld be
 inconv5i5t1 because ! acts ( p5etration
 & ( reg>d are s closely connect$1 & s l
 9 _! relations to o!r m5tal acts1 t ,i 
wi% to exam9e !m consecutively1 & ! r1  
because !y h to d ) high] subject matt] 
?an ! m]e act ( comb9ation1 ^: di/9ctive

 nature1 t prop]ty :i* makes x          
imag9ation & n composition1 x w ,i ?9k  
be be/ to expla9 at sett+ out1 z we     
easily may1 9 subjects famili> &        
mat]ial4 ,i %all !re=e exam9e !         
imag9ative faculty 9 ^! ?ree =ms2 fir/1 
z comb9+ or associative2 secondly1 z    
analytic or p5etrative2 ?irdly1 z       
reg>dant or contemplative4   ,,footnotes
    #di ,he cont9ues ?us1 ,to illu/rate 
^! obs]vations1 let u     consid] ! /eps
 by :i* ,milton mu/ h proce$$1 9 creat+ 
8 imag9>y g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,:5 he fir/      
propos$ to himself t     subject (      
description1 x is reasonable to suppose 
t a v>iety     ( ! mo/ /rik+ sc5es :i*  
he _h se51 cr[d$ into 8     m9d4 ,!     
association ( ideas sugge/$ !m & ! p[] (
     conception plac$ ea* ( !m be=e him 
) all its beauties &     imp]fections4  
,9 e natural sc5e1 if we de/9e x = any  
p>ticul> purpose1 !re are defects &     
r$undancies1 :i* art     may sometimes1 
b _c always correct4 ,b ! p[] (         
imag9ation is unlimit$4 ,%e c create &  

annihilate1 & dispose     at pleasure h]
 woods1 h] rocks1 & h] riv]s4 ,milton1  
accord+ly1 w\ld n copy 8 ,ed5 f any "o  
sc5e1 b w\ld     select f ea* ! features
 :i* 7 mo/ em95tly beautiful4     ,! p[]
 ( ab/raction enabl$ him to make !      
sep>ation1 &     ta/e direct$ him 9 !   
selection4                              
,,*apt] ,,ii4                       ,,( 
,,imag9ation ,,associative4   ,sec4 #a4 
,( simple conception4  ,9 ord] to r5d]  
our inquiry z easy z possible1 we %all  
consid] ! deal+ ( ! associative         
imag9ation ) ! simple/ possible matt]1 t
 is1--) conceptions ( mat]ial ?+s4      
,fir/1 !re=e1 we mu/ def9e ! nature ( ^!
 conceptions !mselves4  ,aft] behold+ & 
exam9+ any mat]ial object1 our k        
respect+ x exi/s 9 two diff]5t =ms4 ,"s 
facts exi/ 9 ! bra9 9 a v]bal =m1 z     
kn[n1 b n conceiv$1 z1 = in/ance1 t x 0 
heavy or light1 t x 0 eight in*es & a   
qu>t] long1 etc41 ( :i* l5g? we _c h    
accurate conception1 b only su* a       
conception z might atta* to a l5g? (    

sev5 in*es or n9e2 & :i* fact we may    
recollect )\t any conception ( ! object 
at all4 ,o!r facts respect+ x exi/ 9 !  
bra9 9 a visible =m1 n always visible1 b
 volunt>ily visible1 z its be+ :ite1 or 
hav+ su* & su* a complicat$ %ape1 z ! =m
 ( a rose-bud1 = in/ance1 :i* x w\ld be 
difficult to express v]bally1 nei!r is x
 reta9$ by ! bra9 9 a v]bal =m1 b a     
visible "o1 t is1 :5 we wi% = k ( its =m
 = imm$iate use1 we summon up a vision  
or image ( ! ?+2 we d n rememb] x 9     
words1 z we rememb] ! fact t x took s _m
 days to bl[1 or t x 0 ga!r$ at su* &   
su* a "t4  ,! k ( ?+s reta9$ 9 ?is      
visible =m is call$ conception by !     
metaphysicians1 :i* t]m ,i %all reta92 x
 is inaccurately call$ imag9ation by    
,taylor1 9 ! passage quot$ by ,wordswor?
 9 ! preface to 8 poems1 n b t ! t]m    
imag9ation is etymologically & rightly  
expressive ( x1 b we want t t]m = a     
high] faculty4   ,sec4 #b4 ,h[ connect$ 
) v]bal k4  ,!re are _m que/ions        
respect+ ?is faculty ( conception ( v   

great int]e/1 su* z ! exact am\nt ( aid 
t v]bal k r5d]s s visible1 7z1 =        
in/ance1 ! v]bal k t a fl[] has five1 or
 sev51 or t5 petals1 or t a muscle is   
ins]t$ at su* & su* a po9t ( ! bone1    
aids ! conception ( ! fl[] or ! limb27 &
 aga91 :at am\nt ( aid ! visible k r5d]s
 to ! v]bal1 z = in/ance1 :e!r any "o1  
be+ ask$ a "q ab\t "s animal or ?+1 :i* 
in/antly & f v]bal k he _c answ]1 may h 
su* p[] ( summon+ up ! image ( ! animal 
or ?+ z to asc]ta9 ! fact1 by actual    
behold+1 7:i* ,i d n ass]t1 b c conceive
 to be possible27 & aga91 :at is t      
indef9ite & subtile "* ( ! conception   
itself 9 mo/ m51 :i* admits n ( be+ by  
!mselves trac$ or realiz$1 & yet is a   
sure te/ ( lik5ess 9 any repres5tation (
 ! ?+2 l an intaglio1 ) a front light on
 x1 ^: l9es _c be se51 & yet !y w fit "o
 def9ite =m only1 & t accurately2 ^! &  
_m o!r que/ions x is irrelevant at      
pres5t to det]m9e1#ej s9ce to =w>d our  
pres5t purpose1 x w be well to suppose !
 conception1 aid$ by v]bal k1 to be     

absolutely p]fect1 & we w suppose a man 
to reta9 su* cle> image ( a l>ge numb] (
 ! mat]ial ?+s he has se51 z to be able 
to set d[n any ( !m on pap] ) p]fect    
fidelity & absolute memory#ea ( _! mo/  
m9ute features4  ,9 ?us sett+ !m d[n on 
pap]1 he works1 ,i suppose1 exactly z he
 w\ld "w f nature1 only copy+ ! rememb]$
 image 9 8 m9d1 in/ead ( ! real ?+4 ,he 
is1 !re=e1 /ill no?+ m ?an a copyi/4    
,!re is no ex]cise ( imag9ation 9 ?is   
:atsoev]4   ,sec4 #c4 ,h[ us$ 9         
composition4  ,b ov] ^! images1 vivid & 
di/9ct z nature h]self1 he has a comm&  
:i* ov] nature he has n4 ,he c summon   
any t he *ooses1 & if1 !re=e1 any gr\p (
 !m :i* he receiv$ f nature be n        
altoge!r to 8 m9d1 he is at lib]ty to   
remove "s ( ! compon5t images1 add o!rs 
=eign1 & re-arrange ! :ole4  ,let u     
suppose1 = in/ance1 t he has p]fect k ( 
! =ms ( ! ,aiguilles ,v]te & ,arg5ti]e1 
& ( ! great glaci] betwe5 !m at ! upp]  
extremity ( ! valley ( ,*amonix4 ,! =ms 
( ! m\nta9s please him1 b ! pres5ce ( ! 

glaci] suits n 8 purpose4 ,he removes ! 
glaci]1 sets ! m\nta9s f>!r ap>t1 &     
introduces betwe5 !m "p ( ! valley ( !  
,rhone4  ,?is is composition1 & is :at  
,dugald ,/ew>t mi/ook = imag9ation1 9 ! 
k+dom ( :i* noble faculty x has no "p   
nor lot4   ,sec4 #d4 ,*>act]i/ics (     
composition4  ,! ess5tial *>act]s (     
composition1 prop]ly s call$1 are ^!4 ,!
 m9d :i* desires ! new feature summons  
up be=e x ^? images :i* x supposes to be
 ( ! k9d want$1 ( ^! x takes ! "o :i* x 
supposes to be fitte/1 & tries x3 if x w
 n answ]1 x tries ano!r1 until x has    
obta9$ su* an association z pleases x4  
,9 ?is op]ation1 if x be ( little       
s5sibility1 x reg>ds only ! absolute    
beauty or value ( ! images br\ght be=e  
x2 & takes t or ^? :i* x ?9ks faire/ or 
mo/ int]e/+1 )\t any reg>d to _! sympa?y
 ) ^? = ^: company !y are de/9$4 ,( ?is 
k9d is all vulg> composition2 ! ,mul9o (
 ,claude1 describ$ 9 ! preface to ! fir/
 "p1 be+ a *>act]i/ic example4  ,if !   
m9d be ( high] feel+1 x w look to !     

sympa?y or contra/ ( ! features1 to _!  
lik5ess or dissimil>ity2 x w take1 z x  
?9ks be/1 features resembl+ or          
discordant1 & if :5 x has put !m toge!r1
 x be n satisfi$1 x w repeat ! process  
on ! features !mselves1 cutt+ away "o "p
 & putt+ 9 ano!r1 s work+ m & m         
delicately d[n to ! l[e/ details1 until 
by d9t ( exp]im5t1 ( repeat$ trials &   
%ift+s1 & con/ant ref]5ce to pr9ciples1 
7z t two l9es mu/ n mimic "o ano!r1 t "o
 mass mu/ n be equal to ano!r17 etc41 x 
has mortic$ toge!r a satisfactory       
result4   ,sec4 #e4 ,:at p[]s are impli$
 by x4 ,! fir/ ( ! ?ree functions (     
fancy4  ,?is process w be m & m rapid & 
effective1 9 proportion to ! arti/'s    
p[]s ( conception & association1 ^! 9 _!
 turn dep5d+ on 8 k & exp]i5ce4 ,!      
di/9ctness ( 8 p[]s ( conception w give 
value1 po9t1 & tru? to e fragm5t t he   
draws f memory4 ,8 p[]s ( association1 &
 8 k ( nature w p\r out be=e him 9      
great] or less numb] & apposit5ess !    
images f :i* to *oose4 ,8 exp]i5ce      

guides him to quick disc]nm5t 9 !       
comb9ation1 :5 made1 ( ! p>ts t are     
(f5sive & require *ange4  ,! mo/ elevat$
 p[] ( m9d ( all ^!1 is t ( association1
 by :i* images apposite or resemblant1  
or ( :atev] k9d want$1 are call$ up     
quickly & 9 multitudes4 ,:5 ?is p[] is v
 brilliant1 x is call$ fancy1 n t ?is is
 ! only mean+ ( ! ^w fancy1 b x is !    
mean+ ( x 9 relation to t function ( !  
imag9ation :i* we are "h consid]+2 =    
fancy has ?ree functions2 "o subord9ate 
to ea* ( ! ?ree functions ( !           
imag9ation4  ,great diff]5ces ( p[] are 
manife/$ among arti/s 9 ?is respect1 "s 
hav+ ho/s ( di/9ct images always at _!  
comm&1 & rapidly disc]n+ resemblance or 
contra/2 o!rs hav+ few images1 &        
obscure1 at _! disposal1 nor readily    
gov]n+ ^? !y h4  ,:]e ! p[]s ( fancy are
 v brilliant1 ! picture becomes highly  
int]e/+2 if h] images are sy/ematically 
& rightly comb9$1 & tru?fully r5d]$1 x w
 become ev5 impressive & in/ructive2 if 
wittily & curi\sly comb9$1 x w be       

captivat+ & ent]ta9+4   ,sec4 #f4       
,imag9ation n yet manife/$4  ,b all ?is 
"t ! imag9ation has n once %[n itself4  
,all ?is 7except ! gift ( fancy7 may be 
taught1 all ?is is easily compreh5d$ &  
analyz$2 b imag9ation is nei!r to be    
taught1 nor by any ef=ts to be atta9$1  
nor by any acut5ess ( disc]nm5t dissect$
 or analyz$4  ,we h se5 t 9 composition 
! m9d c only take cognizance ( lik5ess  
or dissimil>ity1 or ( ab/ract beauty    
among ! ideas x br+s toge!r4 ,b nei!r   
lik5ess nor dissimil>ity secures h>mony4
 ,we saw 9 ! *apt] on unity t lik5ess   
de/roy$ h>mony or unity ( memb]%ip1 & t 
diff]5ce did n necess>ily secure x1 b   
only t p>ticul> imp]fection 9 ea* ( !   
h>moniz+ p>ts :i* c only be suppli$ by  
its fell[ "p4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! comb9ation  
made is to be h>moni\s1 ! arti/ mu/     
induce 9 ea* ( its compon5t p>ts        
7suppose two only1 = simplicity's sake17
 su* imp]fection z t ! o!r %all put x   
"r4 ,if "o ( !m be p]fect by itself1 !  
o!r w be an excresc5ce4 ,bo? mu/ be     

faulty :5 sep>ate1 & ea* correct$ by !  
pres5ce ( ! o!r4 ,if he c accompli% ?is1
 ! result w be beautiful2 x w be a :ole1
 an organiz$ body ) dep5d5t memb]s2--he 
is an inv5tor4 ,if n1 let 8 sep>ate     
features be z beautiful1 z apposite1 or 
z resemblant z !y may1 !y =m no :ole4   
,!y are two memb]s glu$ toge!r4 ,he is  
only a c>p5t] & jo9]4   ,sec4 #g4       
,imag9ation is ! correlative conception 
( imp]fect compon5t        p>ts4  ,n[1 !
 conceivable imp]fections ( any s+le    
feature are inf9ite4 ,x is impossible1  
!re=e1 to fix ^u a =m ( imp]fection 9 ! 
"o1 & try ) ?is all ! =ms ( imp]fection 
( ! o!r until "o fits2 b ! two          
imp]fections mu/ be corelatively &      
simultane\sly conceiv$4  ,?is is        
imag9ation1 prop]ly s call$1 imag9ation 
associative1 ! gr&e/ me*anical p[] t !  
human intellig5ce possesses1 & "o :i* w 
appe> m & m m>vell\s ! long] we consid] 
x4 ,by its op]ation1 two ideas are *os5 
out ( an inf9ite mass1 7= x evid5tly    
matt]s n :e!r ! imp]fections be conceiv$

 out ( ! inf9ite numb] conceivable1 or  
select$ out ( a numb] recollect$17 two  
ideas :i* are sep>ately wrong1 :i*      
toge!r %all be "r1 & ( ^: unity1 !re=e1 
! idea mu/ be =m$ at ! in/ant !y are    
seiz$1 z x is only 9 t unity t ei!r are 
good1 & !re=e only ! conception ( t     
unity c prompt ! pref]5ce4 ,n[1 :at is t
 prophetic action ( m9d1 :i*1 out ( an  
inf9ite mass ( ?+s t _c be tri$ toge!r1 
seizes1 at ! same in/ant two t are fit =
 ea* o!r1 toge!r "r2 yet ea*            
disagreeable alone4   ,sec4 #h4 ,mat]ial
 analogy ) imag9ation4  ,?is op]ation ( 
m9d1 s f> z ,i c see1 is absolutely     
inexplicable1 b !re is some?+ l x 9     
*emi/ry4  ,! action ( sulphuric acid on 
metallic z9c af=ds an in/ance ( :at 0   
once call$ dispos+ aff9ity4 ,z9c        
decomposes pure wat] at common          
temp]atures ) extreme sl[ness2 b z soon 
z sulphuric acid is add$1 decomposition 
( ! wat] takes place rapidly1 ?\gh !    
acid m]ely unites ) oxide ( z9c4 ,! =m] 
explanation 01 t ! aff9ity ( ! acid =   

oxide ( z9c dispos$ ! metal to unite )  
oxyg51 & ?us enabl$ x to decompose wat]2
 t is1 ! oxide ( z9c 0 suppos$ to       
produce an effect previ\s to its        
exi/5ce4 ,! obscurity ( ?is explanation 
arises f reg>d+ *anges z consecutive1   
:i* are 9 reality simultane\s4 ,!re is  
no succession 9 ! process1 ! oxide ( z9c
 is n =m$ previ\sly to its comb9ation ) 
! acid1 b at ! same in/ant4 ,!re is1 z x
 71 b "o *emical *ange1 :i* consi/s 9 ! 
comb9ation at "o & ! same mom5t ( z9c ) 
oxyg51 & ( oxide ( z9c ) ! acid2 & ?is  
*ange occurs because ^! two aff9ities1  
act+ toge!r1 ov]come ! attraction (     
oxyg5 & hydrog5 = "o ano!r4#eb  ,n[1 if 
! imag9ative arti/ w p]mit u1 ) all     
def]5ce1 to repres5t 8 comb9+           
intellig5ce "u ! figure ( sulphuric     
acid2 & if we suppose ! fragm5t ( z9c to
 be emb>rass$ among inf9itely num]\s    
fragm5ts ( div]se metals1 & ! oxyg5     
disp]s$ & m+l$ among gases c\ntless &   
indi/+ui%able1 we %all h an excell5t    
type 9 mat]ial ?+s ( ! action ( !       

imag9ation on ! immat]ial4 ,bo? actions 
are1 ,i ?9k1 inexplicable1 = h[ev]      
simultane\s ! *emical *anges may be1 yet
 ! caus+ p[] is ! aff9ity ( ! acid = :at
 has no exi/5ce4 ,x is nei!r to be      
expla9$ h[ t aff9ity op]ates on atoms   
uncomb9$1 nor h[ ! arti/'s desire = an  
unconceiv$ :ole prompts him to !        
selection ( necess>y divisions4   ,sec4 
#i4 ,! grasp & dignity ( imag9ation4    
,n[1 ?is op]ation w\ld be wond]ful      
en\gh1 if x 7 conc]n$ ) two ideas only4 
,b a p[]fully imag9ative m9d seizes &   
comb9es at ! same in/ant1 n only two1 b 
all ! important ideas ( its poem or     
picture1 & :ile x works ) any "o ( !m1 x
 is at ! same in/ant work+ ) & modify+  
all 9 _! relations to x1 nev] los+ sight
 ( _! be>+s on ea* o!r2 z ! motion ( a  
snake's body goes ?r\gh all p>ts at     
once1 & its volition acts at ! same     
in/ant 9 coils t g contr>y ways4  ,?is  
faculty is inde$ some?+ t looks z if man
 7 made aft] ! image ( ,god4 ,x is      
inconceivable1 admirable1 altoge!r      

div9e2 & yet wond]ful z x may seem1 x is
 palpably evid5t t no less an op]ation  
is necess>y = ! production ( any great  
"w1 =1 by ! def9ition ( unity (         
memb]%ip1 7! ess5tial *>act]i/ic (      
greatness17 n only c]ta9 c\ples or gr\ps
 ( p>ts1 b all ! p>ts ( a noble "w mu/  
be sep>ately imp]fect2 ea* mu/ imply1 & 
ask = all ! re/1 & ! glory ( e "o ( !m  
mu/ consi/ 9 its relation to ! re/1     
nei!r :ile s mu* z "o is want+ c any be 
"r4 ,& x is evid5tly impossible to      
conceive 9 ea* sep>ate feature1 a c]ta9 
want or wrongness :i* c only be correct$
 by ! o!r features ( ! picture1 7n by "o
 or two m]ely1 b by all17 unless toge!r 
) ! want1 we conceive also ( :at is     
want$1 t is ( all ! re/ ( ! "w or       
picture4 ,h5ce ,fuseli3--  ,second      
?\ghts are admissible 9 pa9t+ & poetry  
only z dress]s ( ! fir/ conception2 no  
great idea 0 ev] =m$ 9 fragm5ts4  ,he   
alone c conceive & compose :o sees !    
:ole at once be=e him4   ,sec4 #aj4 ,its
 limits4  ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a limit to !  

p[] ( all human imag9ation4 ,:5 !       
relations to be obs]v$ are absolutely   
necess>y1 & highly complicat$1 ! m9d _c 
grasp !m1 & ! result is a total         
deprivation ( all p[] ( imag9ation      
associative 9 su* matt]4 ,= ?is reason1 
no human m9d has ev] conceiv$ a new     
animal4 ,= z x is evid5t t 9 an animal1 
e "p implies all ! re/2 t is1 ! =m ( !  
eye involves ! =m ( ! br[ & nose1 ^! !  
=m ( ! =ehead & lip1 ^! ( ! head & *91 &
 s on1 s t x is physically impossible to
 conceive ( any "o ( ^! memb]s1 unless  
we conceive ! relation x be>s to ! :ole 
animal2 & z ?is relation is necess>y1   
c]ta91 & complicat$1 all[+ ( no lic5se  
or inaccuracy1 ! intellect utt]ly fails 
"u ! load1 & is r$uc$ to m]e            
composition1 putt+ ! bird's w+ on m5's  
%\ld]s1 or half ! human body to half !  
horse's1 9 do+ :i* !re is no action (   
imag9ation1 b only ( fancy2 ?\gh 9 !    
treatm5t & contemplation ( ! comp\nd =m 
!re may be mu* imag9ation1 z we %all    
pres5tly see4 7,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,sec4 #cj47 

,sec4 #aa4 ,h[ manife/$ 9 treatm5t (    
unc]ta9 relations4 ,its defici5cy       
illu/rat$4  ,! matt]1 !re=e1 9 :i*      
associative imag9ation c be %[n is t :i*
 admits ( great lic5se & v>iety (       
arrangem5ts1 & 9 :i* a c]ta9 am\nt (    
relation only is requir$2 z especially 9
 ! elem5ts ( l&scape pa9t+1 9 :i* be/ x 
may be illu/rat$4  ,:5 an unimag9ative  
pa9t] is ab\t to draw a tree1 7& we w   
suppose him1 = bett] illu/ration ( !    
po9t 9 "q1 to h good feel+ & correct k (
 ! nature ( trees17 he probably lays on 
8 pap] su* a g5]al =m z he kn[s to be   
*>act]i/ic ( ! tree to be drawn1 & su* z
 he believes w fall 9 agreeably ) ! o!r 
masses ( 8 picture1 :i* we w suppose    
p>tly prep>$4 ,:5 ?is =m is set d[n1 he 
assur$ly f9ds x has done some?+ he did n
 int5d x to d4 ,x has mimick$ "s prom95t
 l9e1 or ov]p[]$ "s necess>y mass4 ,he  
beg9s prun+ & *ang+1 & aft] sev]al      
exp]im5ts1 succe$s 9 obta9+ a =m :i*    
does no mat]ial mis*ief to any o!r4 ,to 
?is =m he proce$s to atta* a trunk1 &   

hav+ probably a receiv$ notion or rule  
7= ! unimag9ative pa9t] nev] works )\t a
 pr9ciple7 t tree trunks ought to lean  
fir/ "o way & !n ! o!r z !y g up1 &     
ought n to /& "u ! middle ( ! tree1 he  
sket*es a s]p5t9e =m ( requisite        
propriety2 :5 x has gone up f> en\gh1 t 
is till x beg9s to look disagreeably    
long1 he w beg9 to ramify x1 & if !re be
 ano!r tree 9 ! picture ) two l>ge      
bran*es1 he kn[s t ?is1 by all laws (   
composition1 ought to h ?ree or f\r1 or 
"s diff]5t numb]2 "o because he kn[s t  
if ?ree or f\r bran*es />t f ! same po9t
 !y w look =mal1 !re=e he makes !m />t f
 po9ts "o above ano!r1 & because equal  
di/ances are improp]1 !re=e !y %all />t 
at unequal di/ances4 ,:5 !y are fairly  
/>t$1 he kn[s !y mu/ undulate or g      
backw>ds & =w>ds1 :i* accord+ly he makes
 !m d at r&om2 & because he kn[s t all  
=ms ought to be contra/$1 !re=e he makes
 "o b5d d[n :ile ! o!r ?ree g up4 ,!    
?ree t g up he kn[s mu/ n g up )\t      
int]f]+ ) ea* o!r1 & s he makes two ( !m

 cross4 ,he ?9ks x also prop] t !re %\ld
 be v>iety ( "* 9 !m1 s he makes ! "o t 
b5ds d[n graceful & flexible1 & ( ! two 
t cross1 he spl9t]s "o & makes a /ump ( 
x4 ,he repeats ! process among ! m      
complicat$ m9or b\ghs1 until com+ to !  
smalle/1 he ?9ks f>!r c>e unnecess>y1 b 
draws !m freely1 & by *ance4 ,hav+ to   
put on ! foliage1 he w make x fl[       
prop]ly 9 ! direction ( ! tree's gr[?1  
he w make all ! extremities graceful1 b 
w be griev\sly plagu$ by f9d+ !m come   
all alike1 & at la/ w be oblig$ to spoil
 a numb] ( !m altoge!r1 9 ord] to obta9 
opposition4 ,!y w n1 h[ev]1 be unit$ 9  
?is _! spoliation1 b w rema9 uncom=tably
 sep>ate & individually ill-temp]$4 ,he 
consoles himself by ! reflection t x is 
unnatural = all ( !m to be equally      
p]fect4   ,sec4 #ab4 ,laws ( art1 !     
safegu>d ( ! unimag9ative4  ,n[ ,i      
suppose t ?r\gh ! :ole ( ?is process he 
has be5 able to ref] to 8 def9ite memory
 or conception ( nature = e "o ( !      
fragm5ts he has successively add$1 t !  

details1 color1 fractures1 ins]tions1   
etc41 ( 8 b\ghs1 are all ei!r actual    
recollections or bas$ on secure k ( !   
tree1 7& h]e9 ,i all[ f> m ?an is       
commonly ! case ) unimag9ative pa9t]s47 
,b z f> z ! process ( comb9ation is     
conc]n$1 x is evid5t t f beg9n+ to end 8
 laws h be5 8 safety1 & 8 plague has be5
 8 lib]ty4 ,he has be5 compell$ to "w at
 r&om1 or "u ! guidance ( feel+ only1   
:5ev] !re 0 any?+ left to 8 own         
decision4 ,he has nev] be5 decid$ 9     
any?+ except 9 :at he mu/ or mu/ n d4   
,he has walk$ z a drunk5 man on a broad 
road1 8 guides are ! h$ges2 & betwe5 ^! 
limits1 ! broad] ! way1 ! worse he gets 
on4   ,sec4 #ac4 ,are by ! imag9ative   
pa9t] despis$4 ,te/s ( imag9ation4  ,!  
advance ( ! imag9ative arti/ is         
precisely ! rev]se ( ?is4 ,he has no    
laws4 ,he defies all re/ra9t1 & cuts d[n
 all h$ges4 ,!re is no?+ )9 ! limits (  
natural possibility t he d>es n d1 or t 
he all[s ! necessity ( do+4 ,! laws (   
nature he kn[s1 are to him no re/ra9t4  

,!y are 8 own nature4 ,all o!r laws or  
limits he sets at utt] defiance1 8      
j\rney is ov] an untrodd5 & pa?less     
pla94 ,b he sees 8 end ov] ! wa/e f !   
fir/1 & goes /raight at x1 nev] los+    
sight ( x1 nor ?r[+ away a /ep4 ,no?+ c 
/op him1 no?+ turn him aside2 falcons & 
lynxes are ( sl[ & unc]ta9 sight comp>$ 
) 84 ,he saw 8 tree1 trunk1 b\ghs1      
foliage & all1 f ! fir/ mom5t2 n only ! 
tree b ! sky beh9d x2 n only t tree or  
sky1 b all ! o!r great features ( 8     
picture3 by :at int5se p[] ( in/antane\s
 selection & amalgamation _c be expla9$1
 b by ?is x may be prov$ & te/$1 t if we
 exam9e ! tree ( ! unimag9ative pa9t]1  
we %all f9d t on remov+ any "p or p>ts (
 x1 ! re/ w inde$ suff]1 z be+ depriv$ (
 ! prop] developm5t ( a tree1 & z       
involv+ a blank space t wants           
occupation2 b ! portions left are n made
 discordant or disagreeable4 ,!y are    
absolutely & 9 !mselves z valuable z !y 
c be1 e /em is a p]fect /em1 & e twig a 
graceful twig1 or at lea/ z p]fect & z  

graceful z !y 7 be=e ! removal ( ! re/4 
,b if we try ! same exp]im5t on !       
imag9ative pa9t]'s "w1 & break (f ! m]e/
 /em or twig ( x1 x all goes to pieces l
 a ,pr9ce ,rup]t's drop4 ,!re is n s mu*
 z a se$ ( x b x lies on ! tree's life1 
l ! gra9 ^u ! tongue ( ,*auc]'s sa9t$   
*ild4 ,take x away1 & ! b\ghs w s+ to u 
no long]4 ,all is dead & cold4   ,sec4  
#ad4 ,! monotony ( unimag9ative         
treatm5t4  ,?is !n is ! fir/ sign ( !   
pres5ce ( real imag9ation z oppos$ to   
composition4 ,b "h is ano!r n less      
important4   ,sec4 #ae4 ,imag9ation nev]
 repeats itself4  ,we h se5 t z ea* "p  
is select$ & fitt$ by ! unimag9ative    
pa9t]1 he r5d]s x1 9 itself1 z beautiful
 z he is able4 ,if x be ugly1 x rema9s  
s1 he is incapable ( correct+ x by !    
addition ( ano!r ugl9ess1 & !re=e he    
*ooses all 8 features z fair z !y may be
 7at lea/ if 8 object be beauty47 ,b a  
small proportion only ( ! ideas he has  
at 8 disposal w rea* 8 /&>d ( absolute  
beauty4 ,! o!rs w be ( no use to him1 & 

among ^? :i* he p]mits himself to use1  
!re w be s m>k$ a family lik5ess1 t he w
 be m & m cramp$1 z 8 picture advances1 
= want ( mat]ial1 & torm5t$ by multiply+
 resemblances1 unless disguis$ by "s    
artifice ( light & %ade or o!r =c$      
diff]5ce1 & ) all ! diff]5ces he c      
imag9e1 8 tree w yet %[ a sam5ess &     
sick5+ repetition 9 all its p>ts1 & all 
8 trees w be l "o ano!r1 except s f> z  
"o leans ea/ & ano!r we/1 "o is broade/ 
at ! top & ano!r at ! bottom1 :ile ?r\gh
 all ?is insipid repetition1 ! means by 
:i* he =ces contra/1 d>k b\ghs oppos$ to
 light1 rugg$ to smoo?1 etc41 w be      
pa9fully evid5t1 to ! utt] de/ruction ( 
all dignity & repose4 ,! imag9ative "w  
is necess>ily ! absolute opposite ( all 
?is4 ,z all its p>ts are imp]fect1 & z  
!re is an unlimit$ supply ( imp]fection1
 7= ! ways 9 :i* ?+s may be wrong are   
inf9ite17 ! imag9ation is nev] at a     
loss1 nor ev] likely to repeat itself2  
no?+ comes amiss to x1 b :atev] rude    
matt] x receives1 x in/antly s arranges 

t x comes "r2 all ?+s fall into _! place
 & appe> 9 t place p]fect1 useful1 &    
evid5tly n to be sp>$1 s t ( its        
comb9ations !re is endless v>iety1 & e  
intractable & seem+ly unavailable       
fragm5t t we give to x1 is in/antly     
turn$ to "s brilliant use1 & made !     
nucleus ( a new gr\p ( glory2 h[ev] poor
 or common ! gift1 x w be ?ankful = x1  
treasure x up1 & pay 9 gold1 & x has t  
life 9 x & fire1 t :]ev] x passes1 among
 ! dead bones & du/ ( ?+s1 behold a     
%ak+1 & ! bones come toge!r1 bone to 8  
bone4   ,sec4 #af4 ,relation ( !        
imag9ative faculty to ! !oretic4  ,& n[ 
we f9d :at noble sympa?y & unity !re is 
betwe5 ! imag9ative & !oretic faculties4
 ,bo? agree 9 ?is1 t !y reject no?+1 &  
are ?ankful = all2 b ! !oretic faculty  
takes out ( ev]y?+ t :i* is beautiful1  
:ile ! imag9ative faculty takes hold ( !
 v imp]fections :i* ! !oretic rejects1 &
 by means ( ^! angles & r\ghnesses1 x   
jo9ts & bolts ! sep>ate /ones into a    
mighty temple1 :]e9 ! !oretic faculty 9 

its turn1 does deepe/ homage4 ,?us      
sympa!tic 9 _! desires1 h>moni\sly      
div]se 9 _! op]ation1 ea* work+ = ! o!r 
) :at ! o!r ne$s n1 all ?+s ext]nal to  
man are by "o or o!r turn$ to good4     
,sec4 #ag4 ,modification ( its          
manife/ation4  ,n[ we h hi!rto1 = ! sake
 ( cle>ness1 oppos$ ! total abs5ce (    
imag9ation to ! p]fect pres5ce ( x1 9   
ord] to make ! diff]5ce betwe5          
composition & imag9ation ?or\ghly       
und]/ood4 ,b if we are to give examples 
( ei!r ! want or ! pres5ce ( ! p[]1 x is
 necess>y to note ! circum/ances by :i* 
bo? are modifi$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 few   
arti/s ( any /&+ are totally devoid (   
?is faculty1 "s small measure ( x mo/ ( 
!m possess1 ?\gh ( all ! =ms (          
intellect1 ?is1 & its si/]1 p5etrative  
imag9ation1 are ! r>e/ & mo/ preci\s2 b 
few pa9t]s h rea*$ em95ce )\t "s leav5 (
 x1 :e!r x c be increas$ by practice ,i 
d\bt4 ,on ! o!r h&1 few] /ill are       
possess$ ( x 9 v high degree1 & ev5 ) ! 
m5 ( mo/ gigantic p[] 9 ?is respect1 (  

:om1 ,i ?9k1 ,t9toret /&s f> ! head1 !re
 are evid5t limits to its ex]cise1 &    
portions to be f\nd 9 _! works t h n be5
 includ$ 9 ! orig9al grasp ( !m1 b h be5
 sugge/$ & incorporat$ dur+ _! progress1
 or add$ 9 decoration2 & ) ! great mass 
( pa9t]s !re are frequ5t flaws &        
failures 9 ! conception1 s t1 :5 !y     
int5d to produce a p]fect "w !y ?r[ _!  
?\ght into diff]5t exp]im5tal =ms1 &    
decorate x & discipl9e x long be=e      
realiz+ x1 s t !re is a c]ta9 am\nt (   
m]e composition 9 ! mo/ imag9ative      
works2 & a gra9 or two ( imag9ation     
commonly 9 ! mo/ artificial4 ,& aga91   
:atev] portions ( a picture are tak5    
hone/ly & )\t alt]ation f nature1 h1 s  
f> z !y g1 ! look ( imag9ation1 because 
all t nature does is imag9ative1 t is1  
p]fect z a :ole1 & made up ( imp]fect   
features2 s t ! pa9t] ( ! meane/        
imag9ative p[] may yet d gr& ?+s1 if he 
w keep to /rict portraiture1 & x w\ld be
 well if all arti/s 7 to endeavor to d  
s1 = if !y h imag9ation1 x w =ce its way

 9 spite ( !m1 & %[ itself 9 _! e /roke1
 & if n1 !y w n get x by leav+ nature1 b
 only s9k into no?+ness4   ,sec4 #ah4   
,in/ances ( abs5ce (                    
imag9ation4--,claude1 ,gasp> ,p\ss94    
,keep+ ^! po9ts 9 view1 x is int]e/+ to 
obs]ve ! diff]5t degrees & relations ( !
 imag9ation1 z accompani$ ) m or less   
feel+ or desire ( h>mony1 vigor (       
conception1 or con/ancy ( ref]5ce to    
tru?4 ,( m5 ( "n1 p]haps ,claude is !   
be/ in/ance ( a want ( imag9ation1 ne>ly
 total1 borne out by pa9ful b untaught  
/udy ( nature1 & mu* feel+ = ab/ract    
beauty ( =m1 ) none :atev] = h>mony (   
expression4 ,9 ,gasp> ,p\ss91 we h !    
same want ( imag9ation disguis$ by m    
mascul9e qualities ( m9d1 & gr&] rea*+s 
aft] sympa?y4 ,?us 9 ! sacrifice (      
,isaac 9 our own gall]y1 ! _s ( !       
composition is solemn & unbrok52 x w\ld 
h be5 a gr& picture if ! =ms ( ! mass ( 
foliage on ! "r1 & ( ! cl\ds 9 ! c5tre1 
_h n be5 hopelessly unimag9ative4 ,!    
/ormy w9d ( ! picture ( ,dido & ,eneas  

bl[s l\dly ?r\gh its leaves1 b ! total  
want ( inv5tion 9 ! cl\d =ms be>s x d[n 
beyond r$emption4 ,! =egr\nd tree ( !   
,la ,riccia 7comp>e ,"p ,,ii4 ,sec4     
,,vi4 ,*ap4 ,i41 ,sec4 #f47 is ano!r    
*>act]i/ic in/ance ( absolute nullity ( 
imag9ation4  ,illu/ration3 ,,!          
,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi4 ,f a pa9t+  
by ,rusk91 aft] ,t9toret4   ,sec4 #ai4  
,its pres5ce4--,salvator1 ,nicolo       
,p\ss91 ,titian1 ,t9toret4  ,9          
,salvator1 ! imag9ation is vigor\s1 !   
composition dextr\s & clev]1 z 9 ! ,/4  
,j]ome ( ! ,br]a ,gall]y1 ! ,diog5es ( !
 ,pitti1 & ! pictures ( ! ,guadagni     
palace4 ,all are r5d]$ valueless by     
co>s5ess ( feel+ & habitual non-ref]5ce 
to nature4  ,all ! l&scape ( ,nicolo    
,p\ss9 is imag9ative1 b ! developm5t ( !
 p[] 9 ,t9toret & ,titian is s          
unapproa*ably int5se t ! m9d unwill+ly  
re/s else:]e4 ,! f\r l&scapes :i* occur 
to me z ! mo/ magnific5tly *>act]i/ic   
are1 fir/1 ! ,flight into ,egypt1 ( !   
,scuola di ,san ,rocco 7,t9toret27      

secondly1 ! ,titian ( ! ,camucc9i       
collection at ,rome1 ) ! figures by     
,john ,bell9i2 ?irdly1 ,titian's ,/4    
,j]ome1 9 ! ,br]a ,gall]y at ,milan2 &  
f\r?ly1 ! ,/4 ,pietro ,m>tire1 :i* ,i "n
 la/1 9 spite ( its importance1 because 
!re is some?+ unmean+ & unwor?y (       
,titian ab\t ! undulation ( ! trunks1 & 
! upp] "p ( x is de/roy$ by ! intrusion 
( "s dramatic cl\ds ( t species :i* ,i h
 en\gh describ$ 9 our =m] exam9ation ( !
 c5tral cl\d region1 ,sec4 #ac4  ,i d n 
mean to set ^! f\r works above ! re/ ( !
 l&scape ( ^! ma/]s2 ,i "n !m only      
because ! l&scape is 9 !m prom95t &     
*>act]i/ic4 ,x w\ld be well to comp>e ) 
!m ! o!r backgr\nds ( ,t9toret 9 !      
,scuola1 especially t ( ! ,temptation & 
! ,agony 9 ! ,g>d51 & ! l&scape ( ! two 
l>ge pictures 9 ! *ur* ( ,la ,madonna   
dell' ,orto4   ,sec4 #bj4 ,& ,turn]4  ,b
 = imm$iate & close illu/ration1 x is   
p]haps be/ to ref] to a "w m accessible1
 ! ,cephalus & ,procris ( ,turn]1 9     
,lib] ,/udiorum4  ,i "k ( no l&scape m  

purely or magnific5tly imag9ative or    
be>+ m di/9ct evid5ce ( ! relative &    
simultane\s conception ( ! p>ts4 ,let ! 
read] fir/ cov] ) 8 h& ! two trunks t   
rise aga9/ ! sky on ! "r1 & ask himself 
h[ any t]m9ation ( ! c5tral mass s ugly 
z ! /raight trunk :i* he w !n pa9fully  
see1 c\ld h be5 conceiv$ or admitt$ )\t 
simultane\s conception ( ! trunks he has
 tak5 away on ! "r8 ,let him aga9       
conceal ! :ole c5tral mass1 & leave ^!  
two only1 & aga9 ask himself :e!r any?+ 
s ugly z t b>e trunk 9 ! %ape ( a ,y1   
c\ld h be5 admitt$ )\t ref]5ce to !     
c5tral mass8 ,!n let him remove f ?is   
trunk its two arms1 & try ! effect2 let 
him aga9 remove ! s+le trunk on !       
extreme "r2 !n let him try ! ?ird trunk 
)\t ! excresc5ce at ! bottom ( x2       
f9ally1 let him conceal ! f\r? trunk f !
 "r1 ) ! sl5d] b\ghs at ! top2 he w f9d 
9 ea* case t he has de/roy$ a feature on
 :i* ev]y?+ else dep5ds1 & if pro( be   
requir$ ( ! vital p[] ( /ill small]     
features1 let him remove ! sunbeam t    

comes ?r\gh b5ea? ! fa9t mass ( trees on
 ! hill 9 ! di/ance4#ec  ,x is useless  
to ent] into f>!r p>ticul>s2 ! read] may
 be left to 8 own close exam9ation ( ?is
 & ( ! o!r works ( ,turn]1 9 :i* he w   
always f9d ! associative imag9ation     
develop$ 9 ! mo/ pr(use & m>vell\s      
modes1 especially 9 ! draw+ ( foliage & 
skies1 9 bo? ( :i* ! pres5ce or abs5ce (
 ! associative p[] may be/ be te/$ 9 all
 arti/s4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 conf9$ my pres5t  
illu/rations *iefly to foliage1 because 
o!r op]ations ( ! imag9ation besides !  
associative1 int]f]e ext5sively 9 !     
treatm5t ( sky4   ,sec4 #ba4 ,! due     
function ( ,associative ,imag9ation )   
respect to         nature4  ,!re rema9s 
b "o "q to be det]m9$ relat+ to ?is     
faculty1 :at op]ation1 namely1 suppos+ x
 possess$ 9 high degree1 x has or ought 
to h 9 ! arti/'s treatm5t ( natural     
sc5]y4  ,i h j said t nature is always  
imag9ative1 b x does n foll[ t h]       
imag9ation is always ( high subject1 or 
t ! imag9ation ( all ! p>ts is ( a l &  

sympa!tic k9d2 ! b\ghs ( e bramble bu%  
are imag9atively arrang$1 s are ^? ( e  
oak & c$>2 b x does n foll[ t !re is    
imag9ative sympa?y betwe5 bramble & c$>4
 ,!re are few natural sc5es ^: h>monies 
are n conceivably improvable ei!r by    
bani%m5t ( "s discordant po9t1 or by    
addition ( "s sympa!tic "o2 x con/antly 
happ5s t !re is a pr(us5ess too great to
 be compreh5d$1 or an inequality 9 !    
pit*1 mean+1 & int5sity ( diff]5t p>ts4 
,! imag9ation w bani% all t is          
extrane\s1 x w seize out ( ! _m ?reads (
 diff]5t feel+ :i* nature has suff]$ to 
become entangl$1 "o only1 & :]e t seems 
?9 & likely to break1 x w sp9 x /\t]1 & 
9 do+ ?is1 x nev] knots1 b weaves 9 !   
new ?read1 s t all its "w looks z pure &
 true z nature itself1 & _c be guess$ f 
x b by its exce$+ simplicity1 7kn[n f x1
 x _c be17 s t h]e9 we f9d ano!r te/ ( !
 imag9ative "w1 t x looks always z if x 
_h be5 ga!r$ /raight f nature1 :]eas !  
unimag9ative %[s its jo9ts & knots1 & is
 visibly composition4   ,sec4 #bb4 ,!   

sign ( imag9ative "w is its appe>ance ( 
absolute tru?4  ,& "h !n we arrive at an
 important conclusion 7?\gh "o some:at  
contr>y to ! positions commonly held on 
! subject17 namely1 t if any?+ looks    
unnatural1 !re c be no imag9ation 9 x   
7at lea/ n associative47 ,we frequ5tly  
he> works t h no tru? 9 !m1 ju/ifi$ or  
elevat$ on ! score ( be+ imag9ative4    
,let x be und]/ood once = all1 t        
imag9ation nev] designs to t\* any?+ b  
tru?1 & ?\gh x does n foll[ t :]e !re is
 ! appe>ance ( tru?1 !re has be5        
imag9ative op]ation1 ( ?is we may be    
assur$1 t :]e !re is appe>ance (        
falsehood1 ! imag9ation has _h no h&4#ed
  ,= in/ance1 ! l&scape above m5tion$ ( 
,titian's ,/4 ,j]ome may1 = aught ,i "k1
 be a pure transcript ( a rocky slope   
cov]$ ) *e/nuts among 8 native m\nta9s4 
,x has all ! look ( a sket* f nature2 if
 x be n1 ! imag9ation develop$ 9 x is ( 
! highe/ ord]2 if x be1 ! imag9ation has
 only act$ 9 ! sugge/ion ( ! d>k sky1 ( 
! %ape ( ! flakes ( solemn cl\d1 & ( !  

gleam ( russet light along ! di/ant     
gr\nd4#ee  ,aga91 x is impossible to    
tell :e!r ! two ne>e/ trunks ( !        
,aesacus & ,hesp]ie ( ! ,lib] ,/udiorum1
 especially ! l>ge "o on ! "r ) ! ivy1 h
 be5 inv5t$1 or tak5 /raight f nature1  
!y h all ! look ( accurate portraiture4 
,i c h>dly imag9e any?+ s p]fect to h   
be5 obta9$ except f ! real ?+2 b we "k t
 ! imag9ation mu/ h begun to op]ate     
some:]e1 we _c tell :]e1 s9ce !         
multitud9\s h>monies ( ! re/ ( ! picture
 c\ld h>dly 9 any real sc5e h cont9u$ s 
inviolately sweet4  ,! f9al te/s1 !re=e1
 ( ! "w ( associative imag9ation are its
 int5se simplicity1 its p]fect h>mony1 &
 its absolute tru?4 ,x may be a h>mony1 
maje/ic1 or humble1 abrupt1 or prolong$1
 b x is always a gov]n$ & p]fect :ole1  
evid5c+ 9 all its relations ! weight1   
preval5ce1 & univ]sal dom9ion ( an      
awful1 inexplicable ,p[]2 a *a/is+1     
animat+1 & dispos+ ,m9d4   ,,footnotes  
#ej ,comp>e ,*apt] ,,iv4 ( ?is ,section4
    #ea ,on ! di/9ction rightly made by 

! metaphysicians betwe5     conception  
absolute & conception accompani$ by     
ref]5ce to pa/     "t1 7or memory17 x is
 ( no necessity "h to insi/4    #eb     
,elem5ts ( ,*emi/ry1 by ! late ,edw>d   
,turn]1 ,m4,d4 ,"p ,,ii4     ,sec4 ,,iv4
    #ec ,?is ray ( light1 h[ev]1 has an 
imag9ative p[] ( ano!r     k9d pres5tly 
to be spok5 (4 ,comp>e ,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,sec4
 #ah4    #ed ,comp>e ,*ap4 ,,iii4       
,sec4#cj4    #ee ,x is said at ,v5ice t 
,titian took ! trees ( ! ,/4     ,pietro
 ,m>ti]e out ( 8 g>d5 opposite ,murano4 
,i ?9k ?is     unlikely2 !re is some?+  
ab\t ! l[] trunks t has a ta9t     (    
composition3 ! ?\ght ( ! :ole1 h[ev]1 is
 ?or\ghly     f9e4 ,! backgr\nds ( !    
frescoes at ,padua are also v           
*>act]i/ic1 & ! well-kn[n woodcut ( ,/4 
,francis receiv+     ! /igmata1 "o ( !  
mightie/ ( exi/+ l&scape ?\ghts2     &  
yet x is pure portraiture ( p9e &       
,spani% *e/nut4                         
,,*apt] ,,iii4                     ,,(  
,,imag9ation ,,p5etrative4   ,sec4 #a4  

,imag9ation p5etrative is conc]n$ n ) ! 
comb9+ b        appreh5d+ ( ?+s4  ,?us  
f> we h be5 def9+ t comb9+ op]ation ( ! 
imag9ation1 :i* appe>s to be 9 a sort   
me*anical1 yet takes place 9 ! same     
inexplicable modes1 :atev] be ! ord] (  
conception submitt$ to x1 ?\gh ,i *ose  
to illu/rate x by its deal+s ) m]e matt]
 be=e tak+ cognizance ( any nobl]       
subjects ( imag]y4 ,we mu/ n[ exam9e !  
deal+ ( ! imag9ation ) its sep>ate      
conceptions1 & endeavor to und]/& n only
 its pr9ciples ( selection1 b its modes 
( appreh5sion ) respect to :at x        
selects4   ,sec4 #b4 ,milton's &        
,dante's description ( flame4  ,:5      
,milton's ,satan fir/ re>s f (f ! pool1 
8 mighty /ature1 ! image ( ,levia?an    
be=e sugge/$ n be+ yet ab&on$1 ! effect 
on ! fire-wave is describ$ z ( ! upheav$
 mon/] on ! ocean /ream4                
,on ea* h& ! flames1                    
,driv5 backw>ds1 slope _! po9t+ spires1 
& roll$                 ,9 bill[s1 leave
 9 ! mid/ a horrid vale4  ,& !n foll[s a

 fi]cely re/less piece ( volcanic       
imag]y4                                 
,z :5 ! =ce                 ,(          
subt]ranean w9d transports a hill       
,torn f ,pelorus1 or ! %att]$ side      
,( ?und]+ ,aetna1 ^: combu/ible         
,& fuell'd entrails !nce conceiv+ fire1 
,sublim$ ) m9]al fury1 aid ! w9ds1      
,& leave a s+$ bottom1 all involv$      
,) /5* & smoke2 su* re/+ f\nd ! sole    
,( unble/ feet4  ,yet ,i ?9k all ?is is 
too f> detail$1 & deals too mu* )       
ext]nals2 we feel r ! =m ( ! fire-waves 
?an _! fury1 we walk ^u !m too securely1
 & ! fuel1 sublimation1 smoke1 & s+e+1  
seem to me images only ( p>tial         
combu/ion2 !y v>y & ext5d ! conception1 
b !y l[] ! !rmomet]4 ,look back1 if y w1
 & add to ! description ! glimm]+ ( !   
livid flames2 ! sulphur\s hail & r$     
lightn+2 yet altoge!r1 h[ev] !y ov]:elm 
u ) horror1 fail ( mak+ u ?or\ghly1     
un5durably hot4 ,! int5se ess5ce ( flame
 has n be5 giv54 ,n[ he> ,dante3--      
,f]iami 'l ,sole 9 su l'om]o de/ro      

,*e gia raggi&o tutto l',occid5te       
,mutava 9 bianco aspetto di eile/ro4    
,ed io facea con l'ombra piu rov5te     
,p>] la flamma4  ,t is a slight t\*2 he 
has n gone to ,aetna nor ,pelorus =     
fuel2 b we %all n soon recov] f x--he   
has tak5 our brea? away & leaves u      
gasp+4 ,no smoke nor c9d]s !re4 ,pure1  
:ite1 hurtl+1 =mless flame2 v fire      
cry/al1 we _c make spires nor waves ( x1
 nor divide x1 nor walk on x1 !re is no 
"q ab\t s+e+ soles ( feet4 ,x is lamb5t 
annihilation4   ,sec4 #c4 ,! imag9ation 
seizes always by ! inn]mo/ po9t4  ,su*  
is always ! mode 9 :i* ! highe/         
imag9ative faculty seizes its mat]ials4 
,x nev] /ops at cru/s or a%es1 or outw>d
 images ( any k9d1 x pl\ghs !m all      
aside1 & plunges into ! v c5tral fi]y   
he>t1 no?+ else w cont5t its            
spirituality1 :atev] semblances & v>i\s 
outw>d %[s & phases its subject may     
possess1 g = no?+1 x gets )9 all f5ce1  
cuts d[n to ! root1 & dr9ks ! v vital   
sap ( t x deals )3 once !re x is at     

lib]ty to ?r[ up :at new %oots x w1 s   
always t ! true juice & sap be 9 !m1 &  
to prune & twi/ !m at its pleasure1 &   
br+ !m to fair] fruit ?an grew on ! old 
tree2 b all ?is prun+ & twi/+ is "w t x 
likes n1 & (t5 does ill2 its function & 
gift are ! gett+ at ! root1 its nature &
 dignity dep5d on its hold+ ?+s always  
by ! he>t4 ,take its h& f (f ! beat+ (  
t1 & x w prophesy no long]2 x looks n 9 
! eyes1 x judges n by ! voice1 x        
describes n by outw>d features1 all t x 
affirms1 judges1 or describes1 x affirms
 f )94   ,sec4 #d4 ,x acts intuitively &
 )\t reason+4  ,x may seem to ! read] t 
,i am incorrect 9 call+ ?is p5etrat+1   
possession-tak+ faculty1 imag9ation4 ,be
 x s1 ! "n is ( little consequ5ce2 !    
faculty itself1 call$ by :at "n we w1 ,i
 insi/ ^u z ! highe/ intellectual p[] ( 
man4 ,!re is no reason+ 9 x1 x works n  
by algebra1 nor by integral calculus1 x 
is a pi]c+1 ,pholas-l m9d's tongue t    
works & ta/es into ! v rock he>t1 no    
matt] :at be ! subject submitt$ to x1   

sub/ance or _s1 all is alike1 divid$    
asund]1 jo9t & m>r[1 :atev] utmo/ tru?1 
life1 pr9ciple1 x has1 laid b>e1 & t :i*
 has no tru?1 life1 nor pr9ciple1       
dissipat$ into its orig9al smoke at a   
t\*4 ,! :isp]s at m5's e>s x lifts into 
visible angels4 ,vials t h la9 seal$ 9 !
 deep sea a ?\s& ye>s x unseals1 & br+s 
out ( !m ,g5ii4  ,e great conception (  
poet or pa9t] is held & treat$ by ?is   
faculty4 ,e "* t is s mu* z t\*$ by m5 l
 ,aes*ylus1 ,hom]1 ,dante1 or ,%akspe>e1
 is by !m held by ! he>t2 & e           
circum/ance or s5t5ce ( _! be+1 speak+1 
or seem+1 is seiz$ by process f )91 & is
 ref]r$ to t inn] secret spr+ ( :i* !   
hold is nev] lo/ = an in/ant2 s t e     
s5t5ce1 z x has be5 ?\ght out f ! he>t1 
op5s = u a way d[n to ! he>t1 leads u to
 ! c5tre1 & !n leaves u to ga!r :at m we
 may2 x is ! op5 sesame ( a huge1       
obscure1 endless cave1 ) inexhau/ible   
treasure ( pure gold scatt]$ 9 x3 ! w&]+
 ab\t & ga!r+ ! pieces may be left to   
any ( u1 all c accompli% t2 b ! fir/    

op5+ ( t invisible door 9 ! rock is ( ! 
imag9ation only4   ,sec4 #e4 ,signs ( x 
9 language4  ,h5ce !re is 9 e ^w set d[n
 by ! imag9ative m9d an awful "u-curr5t 
( mean+1 & evid5ce & %ad[ ^u x ( ! deep 
places out ( :i* x has come4 ,x is (t5  
obscure1 (t5 half told1 = he :o wrote x1
 9 8 cle> see+ ( ! ?+s b5ea?1 may h be5 
impati5t ( detail$ int]pretation1 b if  
we *oose to dwell ^u x & trace x1 x w   
lead u always securely back to t        
metropolis ( ! s\l's dom9ion f :i* we   
may foll[ out all ! ways & tracks to its
 f>!/ coa/s4  ,i ?9k ! ,quel giorno piu 
non vi leggemmo avante ( ,francesca di  
,rim9i1 & ! ,he has no *ildr5 ( ,macduff
 are z f9e in/ances z c be giv51 b !    
sign & m>k ( x are visible on e l9e ( ! 
f\r great m5 above in/anc$4   ,sec4 #f4 
,abs5ce ( imag9ation1 h[ %[n4  ,!       
imag9ative writ]1 on ! o!r h&1 z he has 
nev] pi]c$ to ! he>t1 s he c nev] t\* x3
 if he has to pa9t a passion1 he        
rememb]s ! ext]nal signs ( x1 he        
collects expressions ( x f o!r writ]s1  

he se>*es = similes1 he composes1       
exagg]ates1 heaps t]m on t]m1 figure on 
figure1 till we groan b5ea? ! cold1     
disjo9t$ heap2 b x is all faggot & no   
fire1 ! life brea? is n 9 x1 8 passion  
has ! =m ( ! ,levia?an1 b x nev] makes !
 deep boil1 he fa/5s u all at an*or 9 ! 
scaly r9d ( x1 our sympa?ies rema9 z    
idle z a pa9t$ %ip ^u a pa9t$ ocean4  ,&
 t virtue ( orig9ality t m5 s /ra9 aft]1
 is n newness1 z !y va9ly ?9k1 7!re is  
no?+ new17 x is only g5u95ess2 x all    
dep5ds on ?is s+le glori\s faculty (    
gett+ to ! spr+ ( ?+s & work+ out f t2 x
 is ! coolness1 & cle>ness1 &           
delici\sness ( ! wat] fre% f ! f\nta9   
head1 oppos$ to ! ?ick1 hot1 unrefre%+  
dra9age f o!r m5's mead[s4   ,sec4 #g4  
,di/9ction betwe5 imag9ation & fancy4   
,?is fre%ness1 h[ev]1 is n to be tak5 = 
an infallible sign ( imag9ation1 inasmu*
 z x results also f a vivid op]ation (  
fancy1 ^: p>allel function to ?is       
division ( ! imag9ative faculty x is "h 
necess>y to di/+ui%4  ,i believe x w be 

f\nd t ! entirely unimag9ative m9d sees 
no?+ ( ! object x has to dwell ^u or    
describe1 & is !re=e utt]ly unable1 z x 
is bl9d itself1 to set any?+ be=e ! eyes
 ( ! read]4#ef  ,! fancy sees ! outside1
 & is able to give a portrait ( !       
outside1 cle>1 brilliant1 & full (      
detail4#eg  ,! imag9ation sees ! he>t & 
inn] nature1 & makes !m felt1 b is (t5  
obscure1 my/]i\s1 & int]rupt$1 9 its    
giv+ ( out] detail4  ,take an in/ance4  
,a writ] ) nei!r imag9ation nor fancy1  
describ+ a fair lip1 does n see x1 b    
?9ks ab\t x1 & ab\t :at is said ( x1 &  
calls x well-turn$1 or rosy1 or         
delicate1 or lovely1 or afflicts u ) "s 
o!r qu5*+ & *ill+ epi!t4 ,n[ he> fancy  
speak1--                 ,h] lips 7 r$1 
& "o 0 ?91                 ,comp>$ ) t 0
 next h] *91                 ,"s bee _h 
/ung x newly4#eh  ,! real1 r$1 bright   
be+ ( ! lip is !re 9 a mom5t ,b x is all
 outside2 no expression yet1 no m9d4    
,let u g a /ep f>!r ) ,w>n]1 ( fair     
,rosamond /ruck by ,eleanor4            

,) t %e da%$ h] on ! lips               
,s dy$ d\ble r$2                 ,h>d 0 
! he>t t gave ! bl[1                    
,s(t 7 ^? lips t bl$4  ,! t5d]ness ( m9d
 beg9s to m+le ) ! outside color1 !     
imag9ation is se5 9 its awak5+4 ,next   
,%elley1--                 ,lamp ( life1
 ?y lips are burn+                      
,?r\gh ! veil t seems to hide !m1       
,z ! radiant l9es ( morn+               
,?r\gh ?9 cl\ds1 ere !y divide !m4  ,!re
 dawns ! entire s\l 9 t morn+2 yet we   
may /op if we *oose at ! image /ill     
ext]nal1 at ! crimson cl\ds4 ,!         
imag9ation is contemplative r ?an       
p5etrative4 ,la/1 he> ,hamlet1--  ,"h   
hung ^? lips t ,i h kiss$1 ,i "k n h[   
(t4 ,:]e be y\r gibes n[1 y\r gambols1  
y\r songs1 y\r fla%es ( m]rim5t t 7 wont
 to set ! table on a ro>8  ,!re is !    
ess5ce ( lip1 & ! full p[] ( !          
imag9ation4  ,aga91 comp>e ,milton's    
fl[]s 9 ,lycidas ) ,p]dita's4 ,9 ,milton
 x happ5s1 ,i ?9k1 g5]ally1 & 9 ! case  
be=e u mo/ c]ta9ly1 t ! imag9ation is   

mix$ & brok5 ) fancy1 & s ! /r5g? ( !   
imag]y is "p ( iron & "p ( clay4        
,br+ ! ra! primrose1 t =sak5 dies       
7,imag9ation7       ,! tuft$ cr[-toe1 & 
pale jessam9e1          7,nugatory7     
,! :ite p9k1 & ! pansy freak$ ) jet1--  
7,fancy7       ,! gl[+ violet1          
7,imag9ation7       ,! musk rose1 & !   
well-attir$ woodb9e1     7,fancy1 vulg>7
       ,) c[slips wan1 t hang ! p5sive  
head1    7,imag9ation7       ,& e fl[] t
 sad embroid]y we>s4      7,mix$7  ,!n  
he> ,p]dita3--                          
,o1 ,pros]p9a1                ,= ! fl[]s
 n[1 t fright$ ?\ let'/ fall            
,f ,dis's wagon4 ,daffodils             
,t come be=e ! swall[ d>es1 & take      
,! w9ds ( ,m>* ) beauty4 ,violets1 dim1 
,b sweet] ?an ! lids ( ,juno's eyes     
,or ,cy!rea's brea?2 pale primroses     
,t die unm>ri$1 ere !y c behold         
,bright ,phoebus 9 8 /r5g?1 a malady    
,mo/ incid5t to maids4  ,obs]ve h[ !    
imag9ation 9 ^! la/ l9es goes into ! v  
inmo/ s\l ( e fl[]1 aft] hav+ t\*$ !m   

all at fir/ ) t heav5ly timidness1 !    
%ad[ ( ,pros]p9e's2 & gild$ !m )        
cele/ial ga!r+1 & nev] /ops on _! spots1
 or _! bodily %ape1 :ile ,milton /icks 9
 ! /a9s ^u !m1 & puts u (f ) t unhappy  
freak ( jet 9 ! v fl[] t )\t ?is bit (  
pap]-/a9+ w\ld h be5 ! mo/ preci\s to u 
( all4 ,!re is pansies1 t's = ?\ghts4   
,sec4 #h4 ,fancy h[ involv$ )           
imag9ation4  ,s ,i believe x w be f\nd  
?r\gh\t ! op]ation ( ! fancy1 t x has to
 d ) ! outsides ( ?+s1 & is cont5t !re)3
 ( ?is !re c be no d\bt 9 su* passage z 
t description ( ,mab1 s (t5 giv5 z an   
illu/ration ( x1 & _m o!r in/ances w be 
f\nd 9 ,leigh ,hunt's "w already ref]r$ 
to4 ,only "s emb>rassm5t is caus$ by    
passages 9 :i* fancy is seiz+ ! outw>d  
signs ( emotion1 und]/&+ !m z su*1 &    
yet1 9 pursuance ( h] prop] function1   
tak+ = h] %>e1 & = t :i* %e *ooses to   
dwell ^u1 ! outside sign r ?an !        
emotion4 ,note 9 ,macbe? t brilliant    
in/ance4                 ,:]e !         
,norweyan bann]s fl\t ! sky             

,& fan our p cold4  ,! outw>d %iv] &    
coldness ( fe> is seiz$ on1 & irregul>ly
 b admirably attribut$ by ! fancy to !  
drift ( ! bann]s4 ,comp>e ,solomon's    
,song :]e ! imag9ation /ays n at !      
outside1 b dwells on ! fe>ful emotion   
itself8    ,:o is %e t looke? =? z !    
morn+2 fair z ! moon1 cle>   z ! sun1 & 
t]rible z an army ) bann]s8   ,sec4 #i4 
,fancy is nev] s]i\s  ,n[1 if ?is be !  
prevail+ *>act]i/ic ( ! two faculties1 x
 is evid5t t c]ta9 o!r collat]al        
diff]5ces w result f x4 ,fancy1 z %e    
/ays at ! ext]nals1 c nev] feel4 ,%e is 
"o ( ! h>de/ he>t$ ( ! intellectual     
faculties1 or r "o ( ! mo/ purely &     
simply intellectual4 ,%e _c be made     
s]i\s1#ei no edge-tools b %e w play )2  
:]eas ! imag9ation is 9 all ?+s !       
rev]se4 ,%e _c be b s]i\s2 %e sees too  
f>1 too d>kly1 too solemnly1 too        
e>ne/ly1 ev] to smile4 ,!re is some?+ 9 
! he>t ( ev]y?+1 if we c rea* x1 t we   
%all n be incl9$ to laugh at4 ,! ,greek3
 an]i?mon gelasma ( ! sea is on its     

surface1 n 9 ! deep4   ,sec4 #aj4 ,want 
( s]i\sness ! b> to high art at ! pres5t
 "t4  ,& ?us !re is reciprocal action   
betwe5 ! int5sity ( moral feel+ & ! p[] 
( imag9ation2 =1 on ! "o h&1 ^? :o h    
ke5e/ sympa?y are ^? :o look close/ &   
pi]ce deepe/1 & hold secure/2 &1 on !   
o!r1 ^? :o h s pi]c$ & se5 ! melan*oly  
deeps ( ?+s1 are fill$ ) ! mo/ int5se   
passion & g5tl5ess ( sympa?y4 ,h5ce1 ,i 
suppose t ! p[]s ( ! imag9ation may     
always be te/$ by accompany+ t5d]ness ( 
emotion1 & ?us1 7z ,byron said17 !re is 
no t5d]ness l ,dante's1 nei!r any       
int5sity nor s]i\sness l 81 su*         
s]i\sness t x is incapable ( p]ceiv+ t  
:i* is commonplace or ridicul\s1 b fuses
 all d[n into its :ite-hot fire2 &1 on !
 o!r h&1 ,i suppose ! *ief b> to !      
action ( imag9ation1 & /op to all       
greatness 9 ?is pres5t age ( ours1 is   
its mean & %all[ love ( je/ & je]1 s t  
if !re be 9 any good & l(ty "w a flaw or
 fail+1 or undipp$ vuln]able "p :]e     
s>casm may /ick or /ay1 x is caught at1 

& po9t$ at1 & buzz$ ab\t1 & fix$ ^u1 &  
/ung into1 z a rec5t w\nd is by flies1 &
 no?+ is ev] tak5 s]i\sly nor z x 0     
meant1 b always1 if x may be1 turn$ !   
wrong way1 & misund]/ood2 & :ile ?is is 
s1 !re is n1 nor _c be any hope (       
a*ievem5t ( high ?+s2 m5 d>e n op5 _!   
he>ts to u1 if we are to broil !m on a  
?orn-fire4   ,sec4 #aa4 ,imag9ation is  
quiet2 fancy1 re/less4  ,?is1 !n1 is "o 
ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 imag9ation &   
fancy1 & ano!r is l x & resultant f x1 t
 ! imag9ation be+ at ! he>t ( ?+s1      
poises h]self !re1 & is /ill1 quiet1 &  
brood+2 compreh5d+ all ar\nd h] ) h]    
fix$ look1 b ! fancy /ay+ at ! outside (
 ?+s1 _c see !m all at once1 b runs hi!r
 & ?i!r1 & r\nd & ab\t to see m & m1    
b\nd+ m]rily f po9t to po9t1 & glitt]+  
"h & !re1 b necess>ily always settl+1 if
 %e settle at all1 on a po9t only1 nev] 
embrac+ ! :ole4 ,& f ^! s+le po9ts %e c 
/rike out analogies & cat* resemblances1
 :i*1 s f> z ! po9t %e looks at is      
conc]n$1 are true1 b w\ld be false1 if  

%e c\ld see ?r\gh to ! o!r side4 ,?is1  
h[ev]1 %e c>es n to d1 ! po9t ( contact 
is en\gh = h]1 & ev5 if !re be a gap    
left betwe5 ! two ?+s & !y d n q t\*1 %e
 w spr+ f "o to ! o!r l an electric     
sp>k1 & be se5 brighte/ 9 h] leap+4     
,sec4 #ab4 ,! detail+ op]ation ( fancy4 
,n[ ^! diff]5ces betwe5 ! imag9ation & !
 fancy hold1 n only 9 ! way !y lay hold 
( sep>ate conceptions1 b ev5 9 ! po9ts  
!y occupy ( "t1 = ! fancy loves to run  
hi!r & ?i!r 9 "t1 & to foll[ long *a9s (
 circum/ances f l9k to l9k2 b !         
imag9ation1 if x may1 gets holds ( a    
mom5t or l9k 9 ! middle t implies all ! 
re/1 & fa/5s !re4 ,h5ce ,fuseli's       
aphorism1 ,inv5tion nev] suff]s ! action
 to expire1 nor ! spectator's fancy to  
consume itself 9 prep>ation1 or /agnate 
into repose4 ,x nei!r beg9s f ! egg1 nor
 coldly ga!rs ! rema9s4  ,9 ,rets*'s    
illu/rations to ,s*ill]'s ,kampf mit dem
 ,dra*51 we h an in/ance1 mis]ably      
feeble inde$1 b *>act]i/ic1 & suit$ to  
our pres5t purpose1 ( ! detail+1 f9i%+  

action ( ! fancy4 ,! dragon is drawn f  
head to tail1 vulture eyes1 s]p5t tee?1 
=k$ tongue1 fi]y cre/1 armor1 claws &   
coils z grisly z may be2 8 d5 is drawn1 
& all ! dead bones 9 x1 & all ! savage  
=e/-c\ntry ab\t x f> & wide2 we h him f 
! beg9n+ ( 8 c>e] to ! end1 dev\r+1     
rampant1 victori\s ov] :ole armies1     
gorg$ ) dea?2 we are pres5t at all !    
prep>ations = 8 attack1 see him receive 
8 dea?-w\nd1 & our anxieties are f9ally 
becalm$ by see+ him lie peaceably dead  
on 8 back4   ,sec4 #ac4 ,& sugge/ive1 ( 
! imag9ation4  ,all ! "t we h nev] got  
into ! dragon he>t1 we h nev] once felt 
real p]vad+ horror1 nor s5se ( !        
creature's be+2 x is ?r\gh\t no?+ b an  
ugly composition ( claw & scale4 ,n[    
take up ,turn]'s ,jason1 ,lib]          
,/udiorum1 & obs]ve h[ ! imag9ation c   
conc5trate all ?is1 & inf9itely m1 into 
"o mom5t4 ,no f> =e/ c\ntry1 no secret  
pa?s1 nor clov5 hills1 no?+ b a gleam ( 
pale horizontal sky1 t broods ov]       
pleasant places f> away1 & s5ds 91 ?r\gh

 ! wild ov]gr[? ( ! ?icket1 a ray (     
brok5 daylight into ! hopeless pit4 ,no 
flaunt+ plumes nor br&i%$ lances1 b /]n 
purpose 9 ! turn ( ! cre/less helmet1   
visible victory 9 ! draw+ back ( !      
prep>$ "r arm beh9d ! /eady po9t4 ,no m 
claws1 nor tee?1 nor manes1 nor /++     
tails4 ,we h ! dragon1 l ev]y?+ else1 by
 ! middle4 ,we ne$ see no m ( him4 ,all 
8 horror is 9 t fe>ful1 sl[1 gr9d+      
upheaval ( ! s+le coil4 ,sp>k aft] sp>k 
( x1 r+ aft] r+1 is slid+ into ! light1 
! sl[ glitt] /eals along him /ep by /ep1
 broad] & broad]1 a light+ ( fun]al     
lamps "o by "o1 quick] & quick]2 a mom5t
 m1 & he is out ^u u1 all cra% & blaze  
among ^? brok5 trunks2--b he w be no?+  
!n to :at he is n[4   ,sec4 #ad4 ,?is   
sugge/iv5ess h[ oppos$ to vacancy4  ,n[1
 x is necess>y "h v c>efully to di/+ui% 
betwe5 t "* ( ! "w :i* dep5ds on !      
imag9ation ( ! behold]1 & t :i* results 
f ! imag9ation ( ! arti/1 = a "w is (t5 
call$ imag9ative :5 x m]ely leaves room 
= ! action ( ! imag9ation2 :]eas ?\gh   

ne>ly all imag9ative works d ?is1 yet x 
may be done also by works t h 9 !m no   
imag9ation at all4 ,a few %apeless      
scrat*es or accid5tal /a9s on a wall2 or
 ! =ms ( cl\ds1 or any o!r complicat$   
accid5ts1 w set ! imag9ation to "w to   
co9 some?+ out ( !m1 & all pa9t+s 9 :i* 
!re is mu* gloom or my/]y1 possess !re9 
a c]ta9 sublimity ow+ to ! play giv5 to 
! behold]'s imag9ation1 )\t1 necess>ily1
 be+ 9 ! slighte/ degree imag9ative     
!mselves4 ,! vacancy ( a truly          
imag9ative "w results n f abs5ce (      
ideas1 or incapability ( grasp+ &       
detail+ !m1 b f ! pa9t] hav+ told ! :ole
 pi? & p[] ( 8 subject & disda9+ to tell
 m1 & ! sign ( ?is be+ ! case is1 t !   
imag9ation ( ! behold] is =c$ to act 9 a
 c]ta9 mode1 & feels itself ov]p[]$ &   
borne away by t ( ! pa9t]1 & n able to  
def5d itself1 nor g :i* way x w1 & !    
value ( ! "w dep5ds on ! tru?1 au?ority1
 & inevitability ( ?is sugge/iv5ess1 &  
on ! absolute "r *oice ( ! critical     
mom5t4 ,n[ obs]ve 9 ?is "w ( ,turn]'s1 t

 ! :ole value ( x dep5ds on ! "* ( curve
 assum$ by ! s]p5t's body2 = _h x be5 a 
m]e semicircle1 or gone d[n 9 a s]ies ( 
small] coils1 x w\ld h be5 9 ! fir/     
case1 ridicul\s1 z false & unlike a     
s]p5t1 & 9 ! second1 disgu/+1 no?+ m ?an
 an exagg]at$ vip]1 b x is t com+       
/raight at ! "r h& :i* sugge/s ! draw+  
=? ( an enorm\s weight1 & gives ! b5t "p
 its spr++ look1 t fright5s u4 ,aga91   
remove ! light trunk#fj on ! left1 &    
obs]ve h[ useless all ! gloom ( !       
picture w\ld h be51 if ?is trunk _h n   
giv5 x dep? & holl[ness4 ,f9ally &      
*iefly1 obs]ve t ! pa9t] is n satisfi$  
ev5 ) all ! sugge/iv5ess ?us obta9$1 b  
to make sure ( u1 & =ce u1 :e!r we w or 
no1 to walk 8 way1 & n ours1 ! trunks ( 
! trees on ! "r are all clov5 into yawn+
 & wri?+ heads & bodies1 & alive )      
dragon en]gy all ab\t u1 note especially
 ! ne>e/ ) its gap+ jaws & claw-l bran* 
at ! seem+ %\ld]2 a k9d ( sugge/ion :i* 
9 itself is n imag9ative1 b m]ely       
fanciful1 7us+ ! t]m fancy 9 t ?ird s5se

 n yet expla9$1 correspond+ to ! ?ird   
(fice ( imag9ation27 b x is imag9ative 9
 its pres5t use & application1 = ! pa9t]
 addresses !reby t morbid & fe>ful      
condition ( m9d :i* he has endeavor$ to 
excite 9 ! spectator1 & :i* 9 reality   
w\ld h se5 9 e trunk & b\gh1 z x        
p5etrat$ into ! deep] ?icket1 ! object (
 its t]ror4   ,sec4 #ae4 ,imag9ation    
addresses itself to imag9ation4         
,in/ances f ! works ( ,t9toret4  ,x is  
nev]!less evid5t1 t h[ev] sugge/ive ! "w
 or picture may be1 x _c h effect unless
 we are ourselves bo? wat*ful ( its v   
h9t1 & capable ( und]/&+ & c>ry+ x out1 
& al?\gh ,i ?9k t ?is p[] ( cont9u+ or  
accept+ ! direction ( feel+ giv5 is less
 a peculi> gift1 l t ( ! orig9al seiz+1 
?an a faculty dep5d5t on att5tion1 &    
improvable by cultivation2 yet1 to a    
c]ta9 ext5t1 ! imag9ative "w w n1 ,i    
?9k1 be rightly e/eem$ except by a m9d (
 "s correspond+ p[]2 n b t !re is an    
int5se enjoym5t 9 m9ds ( feeble yet     
light conception 9 ! help & food !y get 

f ^? ( /rong] ?\ght2 b a c]ta9          
imag9ative susceptibility is at any rate
 necess>y1 & above all ?+s1 e>ne/ness & 
feel+1 s t assur$ly a "w ( high         
conceptive dignity w be always          
incompreh5sible & valueless except 9 ^? 
:o g to x 9 e>ne/ & give x "t2 & ?is is 
peculi>ly ! case :5 ! imag9ation acts n 
m]ely on ! imm$iate subject1 nor 9 giv+ 
a fanciful & peculi> "* to prom95t      
objects1 z we h j se51 b busies itself  
?r\gh\t 9 express+ occult & f>-s\ght    
sympa?ies 9 e m9or detail1 ( :i* action 
! mo/ sublime in/ances are f\nd 9 !     
works ( ,t9toret1 ^: int5sity (         
imag9ation is su* t !re is n ! commone/ 
subject to :i* he w n atta* a range (   
sugge/iv5ess almo/ limitless1 nor a     
/one1 leaf1 or %ad[1 nor any?+ s small1 
b he w give x mean+ & oracul> voice4    
,sec4 #af4 ,! ,entombm5t4  ,9 ! c5tre ( 
! gall]y at ,p>ma1 !re is a canvas (    
,t9toret's1 ^: sublimity ( conception & 
gr&eur ( color are se5 9 ! highe/       
p]fection1 by _! opposition to ! morbid 

& vulg> s5tim5talism ( ,correggio4 ,x is
 an ,entombm5t ( ,*ri/1 ) a l&scape     
di/ance1 ( ^: te*nical composition &    
details ,i %all h mu* to say h]eaft]1 at
 pres5t ,i speak only ( ! ?\ght x is    
int5d$ to convey4 ,an ord9>y or         
unimag9ative pa9t] w\ld h made prom95t1 
among 8 objects ( l&scape1 su* z might  
naturally be suppos$ to h be5 visible f 
! sepul*re1 & %[n ) ! crosses ( ,calv>y1
 "s portion ( ,j]usalem1 or ( ! ,valley 
( ,jeho%aphat4 ,b ,t9toret has a f>     
high] aim4 ,dwell+ on ! peculi> =ce ( ! 
ev5t be=e him1 z ! fulfilm5t ( ! f9al   
prophecy respect+ ! passion1 ,he made 8 
grave ) ! wick$ & ) ! ri* 9 8 dea?1 he  
desires to direct ! m9d ( ! spectator to
 ?is receiv+ ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 9 its    
contra/ ) ! h\seless bir? & ! des]t     
life4 ,&1 !re=e1 beh9d ! gha/ly         
tomb-grass t %akes its black & )]$      
blades above ! rocks ( ! sepul*re1 !re  
is se51 n ! actual mat]ial di/ance ( !  
spot itself1 7?\gh ! crosses are %[n    
fa9tly17 b t to :i* ! ?\ghtful _s w\ld  

return 9 vision1 a des]t place1 :]e !   
foxes h holes & ! birds ( ! air h ne/s1 
& aga9/ ! b>r$ twilight ( ! melan*oly   
sky are se5 ! m\ld]+ beams & %att]$ ro(+
 ( a ru9$ cattle-%$1 ! canopy ( !       
nativity4   ,sec4 #ag4 ,! ,annunciation4
  ,let u take ano!r in/ance4 ,no subject
 has be5 m frequ5tly or exquisitely     
treat$ by ! religi\s pa9t]s ?an t ( !   
,annunciation1 ?\gh z usual1 ! mo/      
p]fect type ( its pure ideal has be5    
giv5 by ,angelico1 & by him ) ! mo/     
radiant consummation 7s f> z ,i "k7 9 a 
small reliqu>y 9 ! sacri/y ( ,/a4 ,m>ia 
,novella4 ,! backgr\nd !re1 h[ev]1 is   
altoge!r decorative2 b 9 ! fresco ( !   
corridor ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 ! concomitant    
circum/ances are ( exce$+ lovel9ess4 ,! 
,virg9 sits 9 an op5 loggia1 resembl+ t 
( ! ,flor5t9e *ur* ( ,l',annunziata4    
,be=e h] is a mead[ ( ri* h]bage1 cov]$ 
) daisies4 ,beh9d h] is se5 ?r\gh ! door
 at ! end ( ! loggia1 h] *amb] ) its    
s+le grat$ w9d[1 ?r\gh :i* a />-l beam (
 light falls into ! sil5ce4 ,all is     

exquisite 9 feel+1 b n inv5tive nor     
imag9ative4 ,sev]e w\ld be ! %ock &     
pa9ful ! contra/1 if we c\ld pass 9 an  
in/ant f t pure vision to ! wild ?\ght (
 ,t9toret4 ,= n 9 meek reception ( !    
ador+ mess5g]1 b />tl$ by ! ru% ( 8     
horizontal & rattl+ w+s1 ! virg9 sits1 n
 9 ! quiet loggia1 n by ! gre5 pa/ure ( 
! re/or$ s\l1 b h\seless1 "u ! %elt] ( a
 palace ve/ibule ru9$ & ab&on$1 ) !     
noise ( ! axe & ! hamm] 9 h] e>s1 & !   
tumult ( a city r\nd ab\t h] desolation4
 ,! spectator turns away at fir/1       
revolt$1 f ! c5tral object ( ! picture1 
=c$ pa9fully & co>sely =w>d1 a mass (   
%att]$ brickwork1 ) ! pla/] mildew$ away
 f x1 & ! mort> m\ld]+ f its seams2 & if
 he look aga91 ei!r at ?is or at !      
c>p5t]'s tools b5ea? x1 w p]haps see 9 !
 "o & ! o!r1 no?+ m ?an su* a /udy (    
sc5e z ,t9toret c\ld b too easily obta9 
among ! ru9s ( 8 own ,v5ice1 *os5 to    
give a co>se explanation ( ! call+ & !  
condition ( ! husb& ( ,m>y4 ,b !re is m 
meant ?an ?is4 ,:5 he looks at !        

composition ( ! picture1 he w f9d ! :ole
 symmetry ( x dep5d+ on a n>r[ l9e (    
light1 ! edge ( a c>p5t]'s squ>e1 :i*   
connects ^! unus$ tools ) an object at !
 top ( ! brickwork1 a :ite /one1 f\r    
squ>e1 ! corn]-/one ( ! old edifice1 !  
base ( its support+ column4 ,?is1 ,i    
?9k1 suffici5tly expla9s ! typical "* ( 
! :ole4 ,! ru9$ h\se is ! ,jewi%        
disp5sation1 t obscurely aris+ 9 ! dawn+
 ( ! sky is ! ,*ri/ian2 b ! corn]-/one (
 ! old build+ rema9s1 ?\gh ! build]'s   
tools lie idle beside x1 & ! /one :i* ! 
build]s refus$ is become ! ,head/one ( !
 corn]4   ,sec4 #ah4 ,! ,baptism (      
,*ri/4 ,its treatm5t by v>i\s pa9t]s4   
,9 ?is picture1 h[ev]1 ! =ce ( ! ?\ght  
h>dly atones = ! pa9fulness ( ! sc5e & !
 turbul5ce ( its feel+4 ,! p[] ( ! ma/] 
is m /rik+ly %[n 9 8 treatm5t ( a       
subject :i*1 h[ev] important1 & h[ev]   
deep 9 its mean+1 supplies n to ! ord9>y
 pa9t] mat]ial en\gh ev] to =m a picture
 ( high int]e/2 ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,f !
 purity ( ,giotto to ! intol]able1      

inconceivable brutality ( ,salvator1#fa 
e ord] ( feel+ has be5 display$ 9 its   
treatm5t2 b ,i am aw>e ( no s+le case1  
except ?is ( :i* ,i am ab\t to speak1 9 
:i* x has =m$ an impressive picture4    
,giotto's1 9 ! ,academy ( ,flor5ce1     
engrav$ 9 ! s]ies j publi%$1 7,gall]ia  
delle belle ,arti17 is "o ( ! mo/ t\*+  
,i "k1 especially 9 ! rev]5t action ( ! 
att5dant angels1 & ,leon>do's angel 9 t 
( ,&rea del ,v]roc*io is v beautiful1 b 
! ev5t is "o ^: "* & importance are     
ineffable ^u ! features3 ! desc5d+ dove 
h>dly affects u1 because its con/ant    
symbolical occurr5ce h>d5s u1 & makes u 
look on x z a m]e type or lett]1 in/ead 
( ! actual pres5ce ( ! ,_s2 & by all !  
sacr$ pa9t]s ! p[] t might be put into !
 l&scape is lo/1 = ?\gh _! use ( foliage
 & di/ant sky or m\nta9 is usually v    
admirable1 z we %all see 9 ! fif? *apt]1
 yet !y _c deal ) ne> wat] or rock1 & ! 
hexagonal & basaltic protub]ances ( _!  
riv] %ore are ,i ?9k too pa9ful to be   
endur$ ev5 by ! mo/ acceptant m9d1 z    

em95tly 9 t ( ,angelico1 9 ! ,vita di   
,*ri/o1 :i*1 z f> z ,i c judge1 is a    
total failure 9 action1 expression1 &   
all else2 & 9 g5]al x is 9 ?is subject  
especially1 t ! greate/ pa9t]s %[ _!    
weakness4 ,= ?is reason1 ,i suppose1 &  
feel+ ! difficulty ( x1 ,t9toret has    
?r[n into x 8 utmo/ /r5g?1 & x becomes  
noble 9 8 h&s by 8 mo/ s+ul>ly          
imag9ative expression1 n only ( !       
imm$iate fact1 b ( ! :ole tra9 ( ?\ght (
 :i* x is sugge/ive2 & by 8 consid]+ !  
baptism n only z ! submission ( ,*ri/ to
 ! fulfilm5t ( all righte\sness1 b z !  
op5+ ( ! e>?ly /ruggle ) ! pr9ce ( !    
p[]s ( ! air1 :i* in/antly beg9n+ 9 !   
temptation1 end$ only on ! cross4       
,sec4 #ai4 ,by ,t9toret4  ,! riv] fl[s  
fi]cely "u ! %ad[ ( a great rock4 ,f its
 opposite %ore1 ?ickets ( close1 gloomy 
foliage rise aga9/ ! roll+ *asm ( heav51
 ?r\gh :i* breaks ! brightness ( !      
desc5d+ ,_s4 ,across ^!1 divid+ !m      
asund]1 is /ret*$ a horizontal floor (  
flaky cl\d1 on :i* /& ! ho/s ( heav54   

,*ri/ kneels ^u ! wat]1 & does n s9k2 ! 
figure ( ,/4 ,john is indi/9ct1 b close 
beside 8 rais$ "r arm !re is a spectre 9
 ! black %ade2 ! fi5d1 h>py-%ap$1 h>dly 
se51 gl>es d[n ^u ,*ri/ ) eyes ( fire1  
wait+ 8 "t4 ,b5ea? ?is figure !re comes 
out ( ! mi/ a d>k h&1 ! arm unse51      
ext5d$ to a net 9 ! riv]1 ! sp>s ( :i*  
are 9 ! %ape ( a cross4 ,beh9ds ?is !   
roots & "u /ems ( ! trees are cut away  
by ! cl\d1 & b5ea? x1 & ?r\gh !m1 is se5
 a vision ( wild1 melan*oly1 b\ndless   
light1 ! sweep ( ! des]t1 & ! figure (  
,*ri/ is se5 !re9 alone1 ) 8 arms lift$ 
z 9 supplication or ec/acy1 borne ( !   
,_s into ! wild]ness to be tempt$ ( !   
devil4  ,!re are _m circum/ances :i*    
comb9e to give to ?is noble "w a m ?an  
usually imag9ative "*4 ,! symbolical use
 ( ! net1 :i* is ! cross net /ill us$   
con/antly 9 ! canals ( ,v5ice1 & common 
?r\gh\t ,italy1 is ( ! same "* z t ( !  
c>p5t]'s tools 9 ! ,annunciation2 b !   
introduction ( ! spectral figure is (   
bold] rea*1 & yet m1 t vision ( ! aft]  

temptation :i* is expressly indicat$ z a
 subject ( ?\ght r ?an ( sight1 because 
x is 9 a "p ( ! sc5e1 :i* 9 fact mu/ h  
be5 occupi$ by ! trunks ( ! trees ^:    
tops are se5 above2 & ano!r circum/ance 
completes ! my/ic "* ( ! :ole1 t ! flaky
 cl\ds :i* support ! angelic ho/s take  
on ! "r1 :]e ! light fir/ falls ^u !m1 !
 %ape ( ! head ( a fi%1 ! well-kn[n type
 bo? ( ! baptismal sacram5t1 & ( ,*ri/4 
,sec4 #bj4 ,! ,crucifixion4  ,b ! mo/   
exquisite in/ance ( ?is imag9ative p[]  
occurs 9 an incid5t 9 ! backgr\nd ( !   
,crucifixion4 ,i w n insult ?is m>vell\s
 picture by an ef=t at a v]bal acc\nt ( 
x4 ,i w\ld n :itewa% x ) praise1 & ,i   
ref] to x only = ! sake ( two ?\ghts    
peculi>ly illu/rative ( ! intellectual  
faculty imm$iately "u discussion4 ,9 !  
common & mo/ ca?olic treatm5t ( !       
subject1 ! m9d is ei!r pa9fully direct$ 
to ! bodily agony1 co>sely express$ by  
outw>d anatomical signs1 or else x is   
p]mitt$ to re/ on t c\nt5ance           
inconceivable by man at any "t1 b *iefly

 s 9 ?is its consummat$ humiliation4 ,9 
! fir/ case1 ! repres5tation is revolt+2
 9 ! second1 ineffici5t1 false1 &       
sometimes blasphem\s4 ,none ev5 ( !     
greate/ religi\s pa9t]s h ev]1 s f> z ,i
 "k1 succe$$ "h2 ,giotto & ,angelico 7  
cramp$ by ! traditional treatm5t1 & !   
latt] especially1 z be=e obs]v$1 is b   
too apt to indulge 9 ^? po9ts ( vitiat$ 
feel+ :i* atta9$ _! wor/ developm5t     
among ! ,byzant9es3 ,p]ug9o fails 9 8   
,*ri/ 9 almo/ e in/ance 7( o!r m5 ?an ^!
 aft] !m we ne$ n speak47 ,b ,t9toret   
"h1 z 9 all o!r cases1 p5etrat+ into !  
root & deep places ( 8 subject1 despis+ 
all outw>d & bodily appe>ances ( pa91 & 
seek+ = "s means ( express+1 n ! rack ( 
n]ve or s9ew1 b ! fa9t+ ( ! des]t$ ,son 
( ,god be=e 8 ,eloi cry1 & yet feel+    
himself utt]ly unequal to ! expression (
 ?is by ! c\nt5ance1 has on ! "o h&     
fill$ 8 picture ) su* v>i\s & impetu\s  
muscul> ex]tion t ! body ( ! ,crucifi$  
is1 by comp>ison1 9 p]fect repose1 & on 
! o!r has ca/ ! c\nt5ance altoge!r into 

%ade4 ,b ! agony is told by ?is1 & by   
?is only1 t ?\gh !re yet rema9s a *asm (
 light on ! m\nta9 horizon :]e !        
e>?quake d>kness closes ^u ! day1 !     
broad & sunlike glory ab\t ! head ( !   
,r$eem] has become wan1 & ( ! color (   
a%es4#fb  ,b ! great pa9t] felt he _h   
some?+ m to d yet4 ,n only t agony ( !  
,crucifi$1 b ! tumult ( ! p1 t rage :i* 
invok$ 8 blood ^u !m & _! *ildr54 ,n    
only ! brutality ( ! soldi]1 ! apa?y ( !
 c5turion1 nor any o!r m]ely in/rum5tal 
cause ( ! ,div9e suff]+1 b ! fury ( 8   
own p1 ! noise aga9/ him ( ^? = :om he  
di$1 7 to be set be=e ! eye ( ! und]/&+1
 if ! p[] ( ! picture 0 to be complete4 
,?is rage1 be x rememb]$1 0 "o (        
disappo9t$ pride2 & ! disappo9tm5t dat$ 
ess5tially f ! "t1 :5 b five days be=e1 
! ,k+ ( ,zion came1 & 0 receiv$ )       
hosannahs1 rid+ ^u an ass1 & a colt !   
foal ( an ass4 ,to ?is "t1 !n1 x 0      
necess>y to direct ! ?\ghts1 = !re9 are 
f\nd bo? ! cause & ! "*1 ! excitem5t (1 
& ! witness aga9/1 ?is madness ( ! p4 ,9

 ! %ad[ beh9d ! cross1 a man1 rid+ on an
 ass colt1 looks back to ! multitude1   
:ile he po9ts ) a rod to ! ,*ri/        
crucifi$4 ,! ass is fe$+ on ! remnants (
 )]$ palm-leaves4  ,) ?is ma/]-/roke ,i 
believe ,i may t]m9ate all illu/ration (
 ! peculi> p[] ( ! imag9ation ov] !     
feel+s ( ! spectator1 by ! elevation    
into dignity & mean+ ( ! smalle/        
accessory circum/ances4 ,b ,i h n yet   
suffici5tly dwelt on ! fact f :i* ?is   
p[] arises1 ! absolute tru? ( /atem5t ( 
! c5tral fact z x 01 or mu/ h be54 ,)\t 
?is tru?1 ?is awful fir/ mov+ pr9ciple1 
all direction ( ! feel+s is useless4 ,t 
:i* we _c excite1 x is ( no use to "k h[
 to gov]n4   ,sec4 #ba4 ,! ,massacre (  
innoc5ts4  ,i h be=e allud$1 ,sect4 ,i4 
,*ap4 ,,xiv41 to ! pa9fulness (         
,raffaelle's treatm5t ( ! massacre ( !  
innoc5ts4 ,fuseli affirms ( x t1 9      
dramatic gradation he disclos$ all ! "m 
?r\gh e image ( pity & ( t]ror4 ,if ?is 
be s1 ,i ?9k ! philosophical _s has     
prevail$ ov] ! imag9ative4 ,! imag9ation

 nev] errs1 x sees all t is1 & all !    
relations & be>+s ( x1 b x w\ld n h     
confus$ ! mortal fr5zy ( mat]nal t]ror )
 v>i\s developm5t ( mat]nal "*4 ,fe>1   
rage1 & agony1 at _! utmo/ pit*1 sweep  
away all "*3 humanity itself w\ld be lo/
 9 mat]nity1 ! woman w\ld become ! m]e  
p]sonification ( animal fury or fe>4 ,= 
?is reason all ! ord9>y repres5tations (
 ?is subject are1 ,i ?9k1 false & cold3 
! arti/ has n he>d ! %rieks1 nor m+l$ ) 
! fugitives1 he has sat d[n 9 8 /udy to 
twi/ features me?odically1 &            
philosophize ov] insanity4 ,n s         
,t9toret4 ,kn[+ or feel+1 t ! expression
 ( ! human face 0 9 su* circum/ances n  
to be r5d]$1 & t ! ef=t c\ld only end 9 
an ugly falsehood1 he d5ies himself all 
aid f ! features1 he feels t if he is to
 place himself or u 9 ! mid/ ( t madd5$ 
multitude1 !re c be no "t all[$ = wat*+ 
expression4 ,/ill less does he dep5d on 
details ( murd] or gha/l9ess ( dea?2 !re
 is no blood1 no /abb+ or cutt+1 b !re  
is an awful sub/itute = ^! 9 !          

*i>oscuro4 ,! sc5e is ! out] ve/ibule ( 
a palace1 ! slipp]y m>ble floor is      
fe>fully b>r$ across by sangu9e %ad[s1 s
 t our eyes seem to become blood%ot &   
/ra9$ ) /range horror & deadly vision2 a
 lake ( life be=e !m1 l ! burn+ se5 ( ! 
doom$ ,moabite on ! wat] t came by ! way
 ( ,edom2 a huge flight ( /airs1 )\t    
p>apet1 desc5ds on ! left2 d[n ?is ru% a
 cr[d ( wom5 mix$ ) ! murd]]s2 ! *ild 9 
! arms ( "o has be5 seiz$ by ! limbs1 %e
 hurls h]self ov] ! edge1 & falls head  
d[nmo/1 dragg+ ! *ild out ( ! grasp by  
h] weight2--%e w be da%$ dead 9 a       
second3 two o!rs are f>!r 9 flight1 !y  
rea* ! edge ( a deep riv]1--! wat] is   
beat into a holl[ by ! =ce ( _!         
plunge2--close to u is ! great /ruggle1 
a heap ( ! mo!rs entangl$ 9 "o mortal   
wri! ) ea* o!r & ! swords1 "o ( !       
murd]]s da%$ d[n & cru%$ b5ea? !m1 !    
sword ( ano!r caught by ! blade & dragg$
 at by a woman's nak$ h&2 ! y\nge/ &    
faire/ ( ! wom51 h] *ild j torn away f a
 dea? grasp & clasp$ to h] brea/ ) !    

grip ( a /eel vice1 falls backw>ds      
helplessly ov] ! heap1 "r on ! sword    
po9ts2 all knit toge!r & hurl$ d[n 9 "o 
hopeless1 fr5zi$1 furi\s ab&onm5t ( body
 & s\l 9 ! ef=t to save4 ,_! %rieks r+ 9
 our e>s till ! m>ble seems r5d+ ar\nd  
u1 b f> back1 at ! bottom ( ! /airs1 !re
 is some?+ 9 ! %ad[ l a heap ( clo!s4 ,x
 is a woman1 sitt+ quiet1--q quiet--/ill
 z any /one1 %e looks d[n /eadfa/ly on  
h] dead *ild1 laid along on ! floor be=e
 h]1 & h] h& is press$ s(tly ^u h] br[4 
,sec4 #bb4 ,v>i\s works 9 ! ,scuola di  
,san ,rocco4  ,sec4 #bc4 ,! ,la/        
,judgm5t4 ,h[ treat$ by v>i\s pa9t]s4   
,?is1 to my m9d1 is ! only imag9ative2 t
 is1 ! only true1 real1 he>tfelt        
repres5tation ( ! be+ & actuality ( !   
subject 9 exi/5ce4#fc ,i %\ld exhau/ !  
pati5ce ( ! read] if ,i 7 to dwell at   
l5g? on ! v>i\s /up5d\s developm5ts ( ! 
imag9ation ( ,t9toret 9 ! ,scuola di    
,san ,rocco alone4 ,i w\ld fa9 jo9 a    
:ile 9 t solemn pause ( ! j\rney into   
,egypt1 :]e ! silv] b\ghs ( ! %ad[y     

trees lace ) _! tremul\s l9es ! alt]nate
 folds ( fair cl\ds1 flu%$ by fa9t      
crimson light1 & lie across ! /reams (  
blue betwe5 ^? rosy isl&s1 l ! :ite     
wakes ( w&]+ %ips2 or wat* beside !     
sleep ( ! disciples among ^? massy      
leaves t lie s heavily on ! dead ( !    
night b5ea? ! desc5t ( ! angel ( !      
agony1 & toss fe>fully above ! motion ( 
! tor*es z ! troop ( ! betray] em]ges   
out ( ! holl[s ( ! olives2 or wait ?r\gh
 ! h\r ( accus+ beside ! judgm5t seat ( 
,pilate1 :]e all is unse51 unfelt1      
except ! "o figure t /&s ) its head b[$ 
d[n1 pale l a pill> ( moonlight1 half   
ba!d 9 ! glory ( ! ,godhead1 half wrapt 
9 ! :it5ess ( ! %r\d4 ,( ^! & all ! o!r 
?\ghts ( indescribable p[] t are n[ fad+
 f ! walls ( ^? neglect$ *amb]s1 ,i may 
p]haps endeavor at "s future "t to      
pres]ve "s image & %ad[ m fai?fully ?an 
by words2 b ,i %all at pres5t t]m9ate   
our s]ies ( illu/rations by ref]5ce to a
 "w ( less t\*+1 b m trem5d\s appeal1 ! 
,la/ ,judgm5t 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia  

dell' ,orto4 ,9 ?is subject1 almo/ all  
realiz+ or local /atem5t _h be5 c>efully
 avoid$ by ! mo/ p[]ful pa9t]s1 !y judg+
 x bett] to repres5t its *ief           
circum/ances z g5]ic ?\ghts1 & pres5t !m
 to ! m9d 9 a typical or ab/ract =m4 ,9 
! judgm5t ( ,angelico ! treatm5t is     
purely typical1 a long ,campo santo1    
compos$ ( two l9es ( graves1 /ret*es    
away into ! di/ance2 on ! left side ( x 
rise ! condemn$2 on ! "r ! j4 ,) ,giotto
 & ,orcagna1 ! conception1 ?\gh less    
rigid1 is equally typical1 no ef=t be+  
made at ! sugge/ion ( space1 & only s   
mu* gr\nd repres5t$ z is absolutely     
necess>y to support ! ne> figures & all[
 space = a few graves4 ,mi*ael ,angelo 9
 no respect diff]s 9 8 treatm5t1 except 
t 8 figures are less symmetrically      
gr\p$1 & a great] conception ( space is 
giv5 by _! v>i\s p]spective4 ,no int]e/ 
is atta*$ to 8 backgr\nd 9 itself4 ,fra 
,b>tolomeo1 nev] able to grapple ) any  
species ( sublimity except t ( simple   
religi\s feel+1 fails mo/ signally 9 ?is

 mighty !me4#fd ,8 gr\p ( ! dead1       
includ+ n m ?an t5 or twelve figures1   
occupies ! =egr\nd only1 beh9d !m a     
vacant pla9 ext5ds to ! foot ( a c9d]y  
volcano1 ab\t ^: m\? sev]al little black
 devils l spid]s are skipp+ & crawl+4 ,!
 judgm5t ( quick & dead is ?us express$ 
z tak+ place 9 ab\t a rood squ>e1 & on a
 doz5 ( p at a "t2 ! :ole ( ! space &   
horizon ( ! sky & l& be+ left vacant1 & 
! pres5ce ( ! ,judge ( all ! e>? made m 
f9ite ?an ! sweep ( a :irlw9d or a      
?und]-/orm4   ,sec4 #bd4 ,by ,t9toret4  
,by ,t9toret only has ?is unimag9able   
ev5t be5 grappl$ ) 9 its v]ity2 n       
typically nor symbolically1 b z !y may  
see x :o %all n sleep1 b be *ang$4 ,only
 "o traditional circum/ance he has      
receiv$ ) ,dante & ,mi*ael ,angelo1 !   
boat ( ! condemn$2 b ! impetuosity ( 8  
m9d bur/s out ev5 9 ! adoption ( ?is    
image1 he has n /opp$ at ! sc[l+ f]ryman
 ( ! "o1 nor at ! sweep+ bl[ & demon    
dragg+ ( ! o!r1 b1 seiz$ ,hylas-l by !  
limbs1 & te>+ up ! e>? 9 8 agony1 !     

victim is da%$ into 8 de/ruction2 nor is
 x ! sluggi% ,le!1 nor ! fi]y lake t    
be>s ! curs$ vessel1 b ! oceans ( ! e>? 
& ! wat]s ( ! firmam5t ga!r$ into "o    
:ite1 gha/ly cat>act1 ! riv] ( ! wra? ( 
,god1 ro>+ d[n into ! gulf :]e ! _w has 
melt$ ) its f]v5t heat1 *ok$ ) ! ru9 (  
nations1 & ! limbs ( its corpses toss$  
out ( its :irl+1 l wat]-:eels4 ,bat l1  
out ( ! holes & cav]ns & %ad[s ( ! e>?1 
! bones ga!r1 & ! clay-heaps heave1     
rattl+ & adh]+ into half-knead$         
anatomies1 t crawl1 & />tle1 & /ruggle  
up among ! putrid we$s1 ) ! clay cl++ to
 _! clott$ hair1 & _! heavy eyes seal$  
by ! e>? d>kness yet1 l 8 ( old :o w5t 8
 way unsee+ to ,siloam ,pool2 %ak+ (f "o
 by "o ! dreams ( ! prison-h\se1 h>dly  
he>+ ! clangor ( ! trumpets ( ! armies (
 ,god1 bl9d$ yet m1 z !y awake1 by !    
:ite light ( ! new ,heav51 until ! great
 vortex ( ! f\r w9ds be>s up _! bodies  
to ! judgm5t seat3 ! firmam5t is all    
full ( !m1 a v du/ ( human s\ls1 t      
drifts1 & floats1 & falls 9 !           

int]m9able1 inevitable light2 ! bright  
cl\ds are d>k5$ ) !m z ) ?ick sn[1      
curr5ts ( atom life 9 ! art]ies ( heav51
 n[ so>+ up sl[ly1 f>!r1 & high]1 &     
high] /ill1 till ! eye & ! ?\ght c foll[
 no f>!r1 borne up1 w+less1 by _! inw>d 
fai? & by ! angel p[]s invisible1 n[    
hurl$ 9 c\ntless drifts ( horror be=e ! 
brea? ( _! condemnation4   ,sec4 #be4 ,!
 imag9ative v]ity1 h[ di/+ui%$ f        
realism4  ,n[1 ,i wi% ! read] p>ticul>ly
 to obs]ve ?r\gh\t all ^! works (       
,t9toret1 ! di/9ction ( ! imag9ative    
v]ity f falsehood on ! "o h&1 & f       
realism on ! o!r4 ,! p[] ( e picture    
dep5ds on ! p5etration ( ! imag9ation   
into ! ,,true nature ( ! ?+ repres5t$1 &
 on ! utt] scorn ( ! imag9ation = all   
%ackles & fett]s ( m]e ext]nal fact t /&
 9 ! way ( its sugge/iv5ess4 ,9 !       
,baptism x cuts away ! trunks ( trees z 
if !y 7 s mu* cl\d or vapor1 t x may    
exhibit to ! ?\ght ! complet$ sequ5cy ( 
! sc5e2#fe 9 ! ,massacre1 x cov]s !     
m>ble floor ) vision>y light1 t x may   

/rike t]ror into ! spectator )\t        
condesc5d+ to but*]y2 x defies ! b>e    
fact1 b creates 9 him ! fe>ful feel+2 9 
! ,crucifixion x annihilates locality1 &
 br+s ! palm-leaves to ,calv>y1 s only t
 x may be> ! m9d to ! m\nt ( ,olives1 z 
9 ! entombm5t x br+s ! mang] to         
,j]usalem1 t x may take ! he>t to       
,be?lehem2 & all ?is x does 9 ! d>+     
consci\sness ( its high] & spiritual    
v]ity1 & 9 ! entire k ( ! fact &        
sub/ance ( all t x t\*es4 ,! imag9>y    
boat ( ! demon angel exp&s ! ru% ( !    
visible riv] into ! desc5t ( irresi/ible
 condemnation2 b to make t ru% & ro>    
felt by ! eye & he>d by ! e>1 ! r5d+ ( !
 p9e bran*es above ! cat>act is tak5    
directly f nature2 x is an ab/ract (    
,alp9e /orm4 ,h5ce :ile we are always   
plac$ face to face ) :atev] is to be    
told1 !re is 9 & beyond its reality a   
voice sup]natural2 & t :i* is d\btful 9 
! vision has /r5g?1 s9ew1 & assur$ness1 
built up 9 x by fact4   ,sec4 #bf4 ,!   
imag9ation h[ manife/$ 9 sculpture4     

,let u1 h[ev]1 /ill advance "o /ep f>!r1
 & obs]ve ! imag9ative p[] depriv$ ( all
 aid f *i>oscuro1 color1 or any o!r     
means ( conceal+ ! frame-"w ( its       
?\ghts4  ,x 0 said by ,mi*ael ,angelo t 
non ha l'ottimo scultore alcun concetto1
 ,*'un m>mo solo 9 se non circoscriva1 a
 s5t5ce :i*1 ?\gh 9 ! imm$iate s5se     
int5d$ by ! writ] x may rem9d u a little
 ( ! indignation ( ,boileau's ,pluto1   
,il s'ensuit de la que t\t ce qui se    
peut dire de beau1 e/ dans les          
dictionnaires1--il n'y a que les p>oles 
qui sont transposees1 yet is valuable1  
because x %[s u t ,mi*ael ,angelo held !
 imag9ation to be entirely expressible 9
 rock1 & !re=e altoge!r indep5d5t1 9 its
 own nature1 ( ^? aids ( color & %ade by
 :i* x is recomm5d$ 9 ,t9toret1 ?\gh !  
sph]e ( its op]ation is ( c\rse by ^!   
incalculably ext5d$4 ,b ! pres5ce ( !   
imag9ation may be r5d]$ 9 m>ble z deep1 
?rill+1 & awful z 9 pa9t+1 s t !        
sculptor seek = ! s\l & gov]n ! body    
!reby4   ,sec4 #bg4 ,b&9elli1 ,canova1  

,m9o da ,fiesole4  ,sec4 #bh4 ,mi*ael   
,angelo4  ,( unimag9ative "w1 ,b&9elli &
 ,canova supply u ) *>act]i/ic in/ances 
( e k9d1 ! ,h]cules & ,cacus ( ! =m]1 & 
its criticism by ,cell9i1 w occur at    
once to e "o2 ! disgu/+ /atue n[ plac$ s
 z to conceal ,giotto's important temp]a
 picture 9 ,santa ,croce is a bett]     
in/ance1 b a /ill m impressive lesson   
might be receiv$ by comp>+ ! inanity (  
,canova's g>l& grace1 & ball-room       
s5tim5t ) ! int5se tru?1 t5d]ness1 & p[]
 ( m5 l ,m9o da ,fiesole1 ^: *isel      
leaves _m a h>d edge1 & despises d[n &  
dimple1 b x seems to cut light & c>ve   
brea?1 ! m>ble burns b5ea? x1 & becomes 
transp>5t ) v _s4 ,yet ,m9o /opp$ at !  
human nature2 he saw ! s\l1 b n ! gho/ly
 pres5ces ab\t x2 x 0 res]v$ = ,mi*ael  
,angelo to pi]ce deep] yet1 & to see !  
indwell+ angels4 ,no man's s\l is alone3
 ,laocoon or ,tobit1 ! s]p5t has x by ! 
he>t or ! angel by ! h&1 ! light or !   
fe> ( ! spiritual ?+s t move beside x   
may be se5 on ! body2 & t bodily =m )   

,buon>oti1 :ite1 solid1 di/9ct mat]ial1 
?\gh x be1 is inv>iably felt z !        
in/rum5t or ! habitation ( "s inf9ite1  
invisible p[]4 ,! e>? ( ! ,si/9e ,adam t
 beg9s to burn2 ! woman embodi$ bur/ (  
adoration f 8 sleep2 ! twelve great     
torr5ts ( ! ,_s ( ,god t pause above u  
!re1 urn$ 9 _! vessels ( clay2 ! wait+ 9
 ! %ad[ ( futurity ( ^? ?r\gh :om !     
promise & pres5ce ( ,god w5t d[n f !    
,eve to ! ,m>y1 ea* /ill & fix$1 fix$ 9 
8 expectation1 sil5t1 =esee+1 fai?ful1  
seat$ ea* on 8 /ony ?rone1 ! build+     
/ones ( ! ^w ( ,god1 build+ on & on1 ti]
 by ti]1 to ! ,refus$ "o1 ! head ( !    
corn]2 n only ^!1 n only ! troops (     
t]ror torn up f ! e>? by ! f\r qu>t]$   
w9ds ( ! ,judgm5t1 b e fragm5t & atom ( 
/one t he ev] t\*$ became in/antly      
inhabit$ by :at makes ! hair /& up & !  
words be few2 ! ,/4 ,mat!w1 n yet       
dis5gag$ f 8 sepul*re1 b\nd h& & foot by
 8 grave clo!s1 x is left = u to loose  
him2 ! /range spectral wrea? ( !        
,flor5ce ,pieta1 ca/+ its pyramidal1    

di/ort$ %ad[1 full ( pa9 & dea?1 among !
 fa9t purple lights t cross & p]i% "u ! 
obscure dome ( ,/a4 ,m>ia del ,fiore1 ! 
:ite lassitude ( joy\s limbs1 pan!r l1  
yet passive1 fa9t+ ) _! own delight1 t  
gleam among ! ,pagan =malisms ( !       
,uffizii1 f> away1 %[+ !mselves 9 _!    
lu/r\s lightness z ! waves ( an ,alp9e  
torr5t d by _! danc+ among ! dead /ones1
 ?\gh ! /ones be z :ite z !y3#ff &      
f9ally1 & p]haps m ?an all1 ^? f\r      
ineffable types1 n ( d>kness nor (      
day--n ( morn+ nor ev5+1 b ( ! dep>ture 
& ! resurrection1 ! twilight & ! dawn ( 
! s\ls ( m5--toge!r ) ! spectre sitt+ 9 
! %ad[ ( ! ni*e above !m2#fg all ^!1 &  
all else t ,i c\ld "n ( 8 =m+1 h borne1 
& 9 !mselves reta9 & ex]cise ! same     
inexplicable p[]--inexplicable because  
proce$+ f an imag9ative p]ception almo/ 
sup]human1 :i* goes :i!r we _c foll[1 & 
is :]e we _c come2 ?r[+ nak$ ! f9al1    
deepe/ root ( ! be+ ( man1 :]eby he gr[s
 out ( ! invisible1 & holds on 8 ,god   
home4#fh   ,sec4 #bi4 ,recapitulation4  

,! p]fect function ( ! imag9ation is !  
intuitive p]ception ( ultimate tru?4    
,n[1 9 all ^! in/ances1 let x be obs]v$1
 = x is to t end alone t ,i h be5 argu+ 
all along1 t ! virtue ( ! imag9ation is 
its rea*+1 by intuition & int5sity (    
gaze1 7n by reason+1 b by its           
au?oritative op5+ & reveal+ p[]17 a m   
ess5tial tru? ?an is se5 at ! surface ( 
?+s4 ,i repeat t x matt]s n :e!r ! read]
 is will+ call ?is faculty imag9ation or
 no1 ,i d n c>e ab\t ! "n2 b ,i w\ld be 
und]/ood :5 ,i speak ( imag9ation       
h]eaft]1 to mean ?is1 ! true f\ndation (
 all art :i* ex]cises et]nal au?ority   
ov] m5's m9ds2 7all o!r imag9ation ?an  
?is is ei!r second>y & contemplative1 or
 utt]ly spuri\s27 ! base ( ^: au?ority &
 be+ is its p]petual ?ir/ ( tru? &      
purpose to be true4 ,x has no food1 no  
delight1 no c>e1 no p]ception1 except ( 
tru?2 x is =ev] look+ "u masks1 & burn+ 
up mi/s2 no fairness ( =m1 no maje/y (  
seem+ w satisfy x2 ! fir/ condition (   
its exi/5ce is incapability ( be+       

deceiv$2 & ?\gh x sometimes dwells ^u & 
sub/antiates ! fictions ( fancy1 yet its
 own op]ation is to trace to _! f>!/    
limit ! true laws & likelihoods ev5 ( ! 
fictiti\s creation4 ,?is has be5 well   
expla9$ by ,fuseli1 9 8 allusion to !   
,c5taur ( ,zeuxis2 & !re is n p]haps a  
great] ex]tion ( imag9ative p[] ?an may 
be manife/$ 9 foll[+ out to _! f>!/     
limits ! necess>y consequ5ces ( su*     
arbitr>y comb9ation2 b let n ! je/s ( ! 
fancy be conf\nd$ ) t aft] s]i\s "w ( ! 
imag9ation :i* gives !m all ! n]v\s     
v]ity & sub/ance ( :i* !y are capable4  
,let n ! mon/]s ( ,*9ese e>!nw>e be     
conf\nd$ ) ! ,faun1 ,satyr1 or ,c5taur4 
,sec4 #cj4 ,imag9ation n[ vulg>ly       
und]/ood4  ,h[ diff]5t ?is def9ition ( !
 imag9ation may be f ! idea ( x commonly
 ent]ta9$ among u1 ,i c h>dly say1      
because ,i h a v indi/9ct idea ( :at is 
usually meant by ! t]m4 ,i he> mod]n    
works con/antly prais$ z be+ imag9ative1
 9 :i* ,i c trace no virtue ( any k9d2 b
 simple1 slavi%1 unpalliat$ falsehood & 

exagg]ation2 ,i see n :at m]it !re c be 
9 pure1 ugly1 resolute fiction2 x is    
surely easy en\gh to be wrong2 !re are  
_m ways ( be+ unlike nature4 ,i und]/& n
 :at virtue t is :i* entitles "o ( ^!   
ways to be call$ imag9ative1 r ?an      
ano!r2 & ,i am /ill f>!r emb>rass$ by   
he>+ ! portions ( ^? works call$        
especially imag9ative 9 :i* !re is ! mo/
 ef=t at m9ute & me*anical /atem5t (    
contemptible details1 & 9 :i* ! arti/   
w\ld h be5 z actual & absolute 9        
imitation z an e*o1 if he _h kn[n h[4   
,aga9/ convictions :i* ,i d n und]/&1 ,i
 _c argue2 b ,i may w>n ! arti/ t       
imag9ation ( ?is /range k9d1 is n       
capable ( be>+ ! "t te/2 no?+ ( its do+ 
ev] has cont9u$ its influ5ce ov] m52 &  
if he desires to take place among !     
great m5 ( old] "t1 !re is b "o way = x2
 & "o k9d ( imag9ation t w /& ! immortal
 light3 ,i "k n h[ f> x is by ef=t      
cultivable2 b we h evid5ce en\gh be=e u 
to %[ 9 :at direction t ef=t mu/ be     
made4   ,sec4 #ca4 ,h[ its cultivation  

is dep5d5t on ! moral feel+s4  ,we h se5
 7,sec4 #aj7 t ! imag9ation is 9 no     
small degree dep5d5t on acut5ess ( moral
 emotion2 9 fact1 all moral tru? c only 
?us be appreh5d$--& x is obs]vable1     
g5]ally1 t all true & deep emotion is   
imag9ative1 bo? 9 conception &          
expression2 & t ! m5tal sight becomes   
%>p] ) e full beat ( ! he>t2 &1 !re=e1  
all egotism1 & selfi% c>e1 or reg>d1 are
 9 proportion to _! con/ancy1 de/ructive
 ( imag9ation2 ^: play & p[] dep5d      
altoge!r on our be+ able to =get        
ourselves & ent] l possess+ spirits into
 ! bodies ( ?+s ab\t u4   ,sec4 #cb4 ,on
 indep5d5ce ( m9d4  ,aga91 z ! life (   
imag9ation is 9 ! discov]+ ( tru?1 x is 
cle> x c h no respect = say+s or        
op9ions3 kn[+ 9 itself :5 x has inv5t$  
truly--re/less & torm5t$ except :5 x has
 ?is k1 its s5se ( success or failure is
 too acute to be affect$ by praise or   
blame4 ,sympa?y x desires--b c d )\t2 ( 
op9ions x is reg>dless1 n 9 pride1 b    
because x has no vanity1 & is consci\s (

 a rule ( action & object ( aim 9 :i* x 
_c be mi/ak52 p>tly1 also1 9 pure en]gy 
( desire & long+ to d & to inv5t m & m1 
:i* suff] x n to suck ! sweetness (     
praise--unless a little1 ) ! end ( ! rod
 9 its h&1 & )\t paus+ 9 its m>*4 ,x    
goes /raight =w>d up ! hill2 no voices  
nor mutt]+s c turn x back1 nor petrify x
 f its purpose4#fi   ,sec4 #cc4 ,& on   
habitual ref]5ce to nature4  ,f9ally1 x 
is evid5t1 t l ! !oretic faculty1 !     
imag9ation mu/ be f$ con/antly by       
ext]nal nature--aft] ! illu/rations we h
 giv51 ?is may seem m]e truism1 = x is  
cle> t to ! ex]cise ( ! p5etrative      
faculty a subject ( p5etration is       
necess>y2 b ,i note x because _m pa9t]s 
( p[]ful m9d h be5 lo/ to ! _w by _!    
suff]+ ! re/less wri?+ ( _! imag9ation 9
 its cage to take place ( its heal?y &  
exult+ activity 9 ! fields ( nature4 ,! 
mo/ imag9ative m5 always /udy ! h>de/1 &
 are ! mo/ ?ir/y = new k4 ,fancy plays l
 a squirrel 9 its circul> prison1 & is  
happy2 b imag9ation is a pilgrim on !   

e>?--& h] home is 9 heav54 ,%ut h] f !  
fields ( ! cele/ial m\nta9s--b> h] f    
brea?+ _! l(ty1 sun-w>m$ air2 & we may z
 well turn ^u h] ! la/ bolt ( ! t[] (   
fam9e1 & give ! keys to ! keep+ ( !     
wilde/ surge t wa%es ,capraja &         
,gorgona4   ,,footnotes    #ef ,comp>e  
,ari/4 ,rhet4 ,,iii4 #aa4    #eg ,= !   
di/9ction betwe5 fancy & simple         
conception2 see     ,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,sec4   
#c4    #eh ,i take ?is & ! next in/ance 
f ,leigh ,hunt's admirable     piece (  
criticism1 ,imag9ation & ,fancy1 :i*    
ought to be read     ) c>e1 & to :i*1   
?\gh some:at loosely arrang$1 ,i may    
ref] = all ! fill+ up & illu/ration t ! 
subject     requires4 ,) respect to :at 
has j be5 said respect+ want (          
imag9ation1 comp>e 8 criticism (        
,addison's ,cato1 p4 #bh4 ,i     _c1    
h[ev]1 confirm 8 judgm5t1 nor admit 8   
selection (     in/ances1 among pa9t]s3 
he has look$ to _! mann] only &         
habitual *oice ( subject1 )\t feel+ _!  
p[]2 & has     giv5 "w to ! co>s5ess1   

m9dlessness1 & eclecticism ( ,guido     
& ! ,c>racci1 :i* 9 its poetical dem& ( 
t5d]ness might     h foil$ ,p9turic*io2 
( dignity1 ,leon>do2 & ( color1         
,giorgione4    #ei ,fancy1 9 h] ?ird    
function may1 h[ev]1 become s]i\s1 &    
gradually rise into imag9ation 9 do+ s4 
,comp>e ,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,sec4 #e4    #fj ,i 
am describ+ f a pro(3 9 bad impressions 
?is trunk is     d>k5$4    #fa ,!       
picture is 9 ! ,guadagni palace4 ,x is  
"o ( ! mo/     important l&scapes       
,salvator ev] pa9t$4 ,! figures are     
/udi$     f /reet begg>s4 ,on ! "o side 
( ! riv]1 exactly opposite     ! po9t   
:]e ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/ takes place1 !   
pa9t]1 )     a ref9em5t ( feel+         
peculi>ly 8 own1 has introduc$ "s       
ruffians /ripp+ (f _! %irts to ba!4 ,he 
is fond ( ?is     incid5t4 ,x occurs    
aga9 9 "o ( ! m>9es ( ! ,pitti palace1  
) ! additional int]e/ ( a =e%ort5$      
figure1 swimm+ on     its back1 feet    
=emo/1 exactly 9 ! /ream ( light to :i* 
!     eye is pr9cipally direct$4    #fb 

,?is circum/ance1 l mo/ t lie n at !    
surface1 has     escap$ ,fuseli1 ?\gh 8 
rem>ks on ! g5]al tone ( !     picture  
are v good1 z well z 8 opposition ( x to
 !     treatm5t ( ,rub5s4 7,lecture     
,,ix47    #fc ,note ! %all[ &           
uncompreh5d+ notice ( ?is picture by    
,fuseli4 ,8 description ( ! treatm5t ( x
 by o!r pa9t]s is     h[ev] true1 t]se1 
& valuable4    #fd ,fresco 9 an out-h\se
 ( ! ,osp$ale ,/a4 ,m>ia ,nuova at      
,flor5ce4    #fe ,! same ?+ is done yet 
m boldly 9 ! l>ge composition     ( !   
ceil+2 ! plague ( fi]y s]p5ts2 a "p ( ! 
ho/1     & ano!r sky horizon are se5    
?r\gh an op5+ 9 ! gr\nd4    #ff ,!      
,bac*us4 ,!re is a small /atue opposite 
x     also--unf9i%$1 b a _s /ill4    #fg
 ,i w\ld h insi/$ m on ! gho/ly vitality
 ( ?is     dreadful /atue2 b ! passage  
ref]r+ to x 9 ,rog]s's ,italy           
sup]s$es all fur!r description4 ,i      
suppose mo/ lov]s ( art     "k x by     
he>t4                   ,nor !n =get t  
*amb] ( ! dead1                ,:]e !   

gigantic %apes ( ,night & ,day1         
,turn$ into /one1 re/ ev]la/+ly2        
,yet /ill are brea?+1 & %$ r\nd at noon 
,a tw(old influ5ce1--only to be felt--  
,a light1 a d>kness1 m+l+ ea* ) ea*2    
,bo?1 & yet nei!r4 ,!re1 f age to age1  
,two gho/s are sitt+ on _! sepul*res4   
,t is ! ,duke ,lor5zo4 ,m>k him well4   
,he m$itates1 8 head ^u 8 h&4           
,:at f b5ea? 8 helm-l bonnet sc[ls8     
,is x a face1 or b an eyeless skull8    
',tis lo/ 9 %ade2 yet1 l ! basilisk1    
,x fasc9ates1 & is intol]able4          
,8 mi5 is noble1 mo/ maje/ical6         
,!n mo/ s1 :5 ! di/ant *oir is he>d     
,at morn or eve--nor fail ?\ to att5d   
,on t ?rice-hall[$ day1 :5 all are !re2 
,:5 all1 propitiat+ ) solemn songs1     
,visit ! ,dead4 ,!n wilt ?\ feel 8 p[]6 
,x is /range t ?is %\ld be ! only writt5
 in/ance 7z f>     z ,i recollect7 ( j &
 entire appreciation ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's
     spiritual p[]4 ,x is p]haps ow+ to 
! v int5sity ( 8     imag9ation t he has
 be5 s little und]/ood--=1 z ,i be=e    

said1 imag9ation c nev] be met by       
vanity1 nor )\t     e>ne/ness4 ,8       
,flor5t9e foll[]s saw 9 him an anatomi/ 
&     po/ure-ma/]--& art 0 f9ally       
de/roy$ by ! influ5ce ov]     admir+    
idiocy ( ! greate/ m9d t art ev]        
inspir$4    #fh ,i h n *os5 to int]rupt 
! argum5t respect+ !     ess5ce ( !     
imag9ative faculty by any rem>ks on !   
execution     ( ! imag9ative h&2 b we c 
h>dly leave ,t9toret &     ,mi*ael      
,angelo )\t "s notice ( ! pre-em95t p[] 
(     execution exhibit$ by bo? ( !m1 9 
consequ5ce ( _! vigor     & cle>ness (  
conception2 nor )\t aga9 w>n+ ! l[]     
arti/ f conf\nd+ ?is velocity ( decision
 & impati5ce     ) ! velocity (         
affectation or indol5ce4 ,e result (    
real     imag9ation we h se5 to be a    
tru? ( "s sort2 & x is !     *>act]i/ic 
( tru? to be 9 "s way tangible1         
seizable1     di/+ui%able1 & cle>1 z x  
is ( falsehood to be obscure1           
confus$1 & confus+4 ,n b t _m1 if n mo/ 
tru?s h     a d>k side1 a side by :i* !y

 are connect$ ) my/]ies too     high =  
u1--nay1 ,i ?9k x is commonly b a poor &
 mis]able     tru? :i* ! human m9d c    
walk all r\nd1 b at all ev5ts     !y h  
"o side by :i* we c lay hold ( !m1 &    
feel t     !y are d[nright adamant1 & t 
_! =m1 ?\gh lo/ 9     cl\d "h & !re1 is 
unalt]able & real1 & n less real &      
rocky because inf9ite1 & jo9$ on1 ,/4   
,mi*ael's m\nt-l to a     f> ma9l&4 ,s  
!n1 :atev] ! real imag9ation lays hold  
(1     z x is a tru?1 does n alt] into  
any?+ else z !     imag9ative "p works  
at x & feels ov] x & f9ds out m (     x1
 b comes out m & m cont9ually1 all t is 
f\nd out     po9t+ to & indicat+ /ill m 
beh9d1 & giv+ additional     /ability & 
reality to t :i* is discov]$ already4 ,b
 if x     be fancy or any o!r =m (      
pseudo-imag9ation :i* is at "w1     !n t
 :i* x gets hold ( may n be a tru?1 b   
only an     idea1 :i* w keep giv+ way z 
soon z we try to take hold (     x &    
turn+ into some?+ else1 s t z we g on   
copy+ x1     e "p w be inconsi/5t ) all 

t has gone be=e1 &     at int]vals x w  
vani% altoge!r1 & leave blanks :i* mu/  
be fill$ up by any means at h&4 ,& 9 ^! 
circum/ances1 !     pa9t]1 unable to    
seize 8 ?\ght1 because x has n sub/ance 
nor bone en\gh to be> grasp+1 is liable 
to cat* at e l9e     t he lays d[n1 =   
help & sugge/ion1 & to be l$ away by x  
to some?+ else1 :i* ! fir/ ef=t to      
realize dissipates 9     l mann]1 plac+ 
ano!r phantom 9 its /ead1 until out ( ! 
fragm5ts ( ^! successive phantoms he has
 glu$ toge!r a     vague1 m9dless1      
involunt>y :ole1 a mixture ( all t 0    
trite     or common 9 ea* ( ! successive
 conceptions1 = t is     necess>ily :at 
is fir/ caught a heap ( ?+s ) ! bloom (f
     & ! *ill on1 labori\s1 unnatural1  
inane1 ) its empt9ess     disguis$ by   
affectation1 & its ta/elessness salt$ by
     extravagance4      ,necess>ily1 f  
^! modes ( conception1 ?ree vices (     
execution mu/ result2 & ^! are          
necess>ily f\nd 9 all ^?     p>ts ( ! "w
 :]e any tru/ has be5 put 9 conception1 

&     only to be avoid$ 9 portions (    
actual portraiture 7= a     ?or\ghly    
unimag9ative pa9t] c make no use ( a    
/udy--all 8     /udies are guesses &    
exp]im5ts1 all are equally wrong1 & s   
f> felt to be wrong by himself1 t he w n
 "w by any (     !m1 b w always endeavor
 to improve ^u !m 9 ! picture1     & s  
lose ! use ( !m74 ,^! ?ree vices (      
execution are     !n--fir/1 feebl5ess ( 
h&l+1 ow+ to unc]ta9ty (     int5tion2  
secondly1 int5tional c>elessness ( h&l+1
 9 !     hope ( gett+ by accid5t some?+ 
m ?an 0 meant2 &     la/ly1 viol5ce &   
ha/e ( h&l+1 9 ! ef=t to secure z       
mu* z possible ( ! obscure image ( :i* !
 m9d feels itself     los+ hold4 7,i am 
?r\gh\t1 x w be obs]v$1 attribut+     "r
 feel+ to ! unimag9ative pa9t]2 if he   
lack ?is1 8     execution may be cool & 
det]m9$1 z he w set d[n falsehood       
)\t blu%+1 & ugl9ess )\t suff]+47 ,add$ 
to ^!     v>i\s evid5ces ( weakness1 w  
be ! v>i\s vices assum$ =     ! sake (  
concealm5t2 morbid ref9em5ts disguis+   

feebl5ess--or insol5ce & co>s5ess to    
cov] desp]ation4 ,:5     ! imag9ation is
 p[]ful1 ! result+ execution is ( c\rse 
! contr>y ( all ?is3 its fir/ /eps w    
commonly be     impetu\s1 9 cle>+ its   
gr\nd & gett+ at its fir/               
conception--z we "k ( ,mi*ael ,angelo 9 
8 smit+ 8 blocks     into %ape1 7see !  
passage quot$ by ,sir ,*>les ,cl>ke 9 ! 
,essay on ,expression1 f ,blaise de     
,vig5]e17 & z x is visible     9 ! h&l+ 
( ,t9toret always3 z ! "w approa*es     
completion1 ! /roke1 :ile x rema9s c]ta9
 & firm1 because     its end is always  
kn[n1 may frequ5tly become sl[ & c>eful1
     bo? on acc\nt ( ! difficulty (     
foll[+ ! pure l9es ( !     conception1 &
 because !re is no fe> felt ( !         
conception's     vani%+ be=e x c be     
realiz$2 b g5]ally !re is a     c]ta9   
degree ( impetuosity visible 9 ! works (
 all ! m5 (     high imag9ation1 :5 !y  
are n work+ f a /udy1 %[+     itself 9  
,mi*ael ,angelo by ! numb] ( blocks he  
left unf9i%$1     & by "s slight        

evid5ces 9 ^? he complet$ ( 8 hav+      
work$ pa9fully t[>ds ! close2 s t1      
except ! ,duke     ,lor5zo1 ! ,bac*us ( 
! ,flor5t9e gall]y1 & ! ,pieta (        
,g5oa1 ,i "k n any ( 8 f9i%$ works 9 :i*
 8 m9d is z     mightily express$ z 9 8 
m>ble sket*es2 only1 x is always to     
be obs]v$ t impetuosity or rud5ess ( h& 
is n     necess>ily--&1 if imag9ative1  
is nev]--c>elessness4 ,9 ! two          
l&scapes at ! end ( ! ,scuola di ,san   
,rocco1 ,t9toret has drawn     sev]al   
l>ge tree trunks ) two /rokes ( 8       
bru%--"o = !     d>k1 & ano!r = ! light 
side2 & ! l>ge rock at ! foot     ( !   
picture ( ! ,temptation is pa9t$ ) a few
 deta*$     t\*es ( gray ov] a flat br[n
 gr\nd2 b ! t\*es ( !     tree-trunks h 
be5 foll[$ by ! m9d z !y w5t d[n )     !
 mo/ pa9ful int5sity ?r\gh _! e         
undulation2 & !     few gray /rokes on !
 /one are s consid]$ t a bett] /one     
cone c\ld n be pa9t$ if we took a mon?  
to x3 & ,i suppose1     g5]ally1 x w\ld 
be utt]ly impossible to give an example 

(     execution 9 :i* less 0 left to    
accid5t1 or 9 :i* m c>e     0 conc5trat$
 9 e /roke1 ?an ! seem+ly reg>dless &   
impetu\s h&l+ ( ?is pa9t]4      ,on !   
habit ( bo? ,t9toret & ,mi*ael ,angelo  
to "w /raight     =w>d f ! block & on ! 
canvas1 )\t /udy or model1 x     is     
ne$less to insi/2 = ?\gh ?is is "o ( !  
mo/ amaz+     pro(s ( _! imag9ative p[]1
 x is a dang]\s prec$5t4 ,no     mode ( 
execution ought ev] to be taught to a "y
 arti/ z     bett] ?an ano!r2 he ought  
to und]/& ! tru? ( :at he has     to d1 
felicit\s execution w foll[ z a matt] ( 
c\rse2 &     if he feels himself capable
 ( gett+ at ! "r at once1 he w          
naturally d s )\t ref]5ce to prec$5t4   
,he ought to hold     always t 8 duty is
 to atta9 ! highe/ result he c1--b     t
 no "o has any bus9ess ) ! means or "t  
he has tak54 ,if     x c be done        
quickly1 let x be s done2 if n1 let x be
 done at     any rate4 ,= kn[+ 8 way he 
is answ]able1 & !re=e mu/     n walk    
d\bt+ly2 b no "o c blame him = walk+    

cauti\sly1 if ! way be a n>r[ "o1 ) a   
slip on ea* side4     ,he may pause1 b  
he mu/ n hesitate1--& tremble1 b mu/ n  
vacillate4    #fi ,t :i* we "k ( ! lives
 ( ,m4 ,angelo & ,t9toret is     em95tly
 illu/rative ( ?is temp]4               
,,*apt] ,,iv4                    ,,(    
,,imag9ation ,,contemplative4   ,sec4   
#a4 ,imag9ation contemplative is n "p ( 
! ess5ce1 b only a        habit or mode 
( ! faculty4  ,we h1 9 ! two prec$+     
*apt]s1 arriv$ at def9ite conclusions   
respect+ ! p[] & ess5ce ( ! imag9ative  
faculty4 ,9 ^! two acts ( p5etration &  
comb9ation1 its sep>at+ & *>act]i/ic    
attributes are entirely develop$2 x     
rema9s = u only to obs]ve a c]ta9 habit 
or mode ( op]ation 9 :i* x frequ5tly    
delights1 & by :i* x addresses itself to
 our p]ceptions m =cibly1 & ass]ts its  
pres5ce m di/9ctly ?an 9 ^? mighty b m  
secret work+s :]e9 its life consi/s4  ,9
 our exam9ation ( ! comb9+ imag9ation1  
we *ose to assume ! fir/ or simple      
conception to be z cle> 9 ! abs5ce z 9 !

 pres5ce ( ! object ( x4 ,?is1 ,i       
suppose1 is 9 po9t ( fact nev] ! case1  
nor is an approximation to su*          
di/9ctness ( conception always a        
*>act]i/ic ( ! imag9ative m9d4 ,_m      
p]sons h ?or\gh & felicit\s p[] ( draw+ 
f memory1 yet nev] orig9ate a ?\ght1 nor
 excite an emotion4   ,sec4 #b4 ,!      
ambiguity ( conception4  ,sec4 #c4 ,is n
 9 itself capable ( add+ to ! *>m ( fair
 ?+s4  ,! =m 9 :i* conception actually  
occurs to ord9>y m9ds appe>s to d]ive   
value & preci\sness f t indef9it5ess :i*
 we allud$ to 9 ! second *apt]1 7,sec4  
#b17 = !re is an unfail+ *>m 9 ! memory 
& anticipation ( ?+s beautiful1 m sunny 
& spiritual ?an atta*es to _! pres5ce2 =
 ) _! pres5ce x is possible to be sat$1 
& ev5 we>i$1 b ) ! imag9ation ( !m nev]2
 9 s f> t x ne$s "s self-discipl9e to   
prev5t ! m9d f fall+ into a morbid      
condition ( dissatisfaction ) all t x   
imm$iately possesses1 & cont9ual long+ =
 ?+s abs5t2 & yet ,i ?9k ?is *>m is n   
ju/ly to be attribut$ to ! m]e vagu5ess 

& unc]ta9ty ( ! conception1 except ?us  
f>1 t ( objects ^: sub/antial pres5ce 0 
ugly or pa9ful ! sublimity &            
impressiv5ess1 if !re 7 any1 is reta9$ 9
 ! conception1 :ile ! s5sual (f5siv5ess 
is )drawn2 ?us circum/ances ( horror may
 be safely t\*$ 9 v]bal description1 & =
 a "t dwelt ^u by ! m9d1 z (t5 by ,hom] 
& ,sp5s]1 7by ! latt] frequ5tly ) too   
mu* grossness1 z 9 ! description ( !    
combat ( ! ,r$-,cross ,knight ) ,err\r17
 :i* c\ld n = a mom5t be reg>d$ or      
tol]at$ 9 _! reality1 or on canvas2 &   
besides ?is mell[+ & s(t5+ op]ation on  
^? x reta9s1 ! conceptive faculty has ! 
p[] ( lett+ g _m ( !m altoge!r out ( its
 gr\ps ( ideas1 & reta9+ only ^? :]e !  
mem9isse juvabit w apply2 & 9 ?is way ! 
entire gr\p ( memories becomes altoge!r 
delightful2 b ( ^? p>ts ( any?+ :i* are 
9 !mselves beautiful1 ,i ?9k !          
indi/9ctness no b5efit1 b t ! bright] !y
 are ! bett]2 & t ! peculi> *>m we feel 
9 conception results f its grasp & bl5d+
 ( ideas r ?an f _! obscurity1 = we d n 

usually recall1 z we h se51 "o "p at a  
"t only ( a pleasant sc5e1 "o mom5t only
 ( a happy day2 b toge!r ) ea* s+le     
object we summon up a k9d ( cr[d$ &     
involv$ %ad[+ =? ( all ! o!r glories )  
:i* x 0 associat$1 & into e mom5t we    
conc5trate an epitome ( ! day2 & x w    
happ5 frequ5tly t ev5 :5 ! visible      
objects or actual circum/ances are n 9  
numb]s rememb]$2 yet ! feel+ & joy ( !m 
is obta9$ we "k n h[ or :5ce1 & s ) a   
k9d ( conceptive burn+ glass we b5d !   
sun%9e ( all ! day1 & ! fulness ( all ! 
sc5e ^u e po9t t we successively seize2 
& ?is toge!r ) m vivid action ( fancy1 =
 ,i ?9k t ! wilful & playful seizure ( !
 po9ts t suit h] purpose & help h]      
spr++1 :]eby %e is di/+ui%$ f simple    
conception1 takes place m easily &      
actively ) ! memory ( ?+s ?an 9 pres5ce 
( !m4 ,b1 h[ev] ?is be1 & ,i confess t  
!re is mu* t ,i _c satisfactorily to    
myself unravel ) respect to ! nature (  
simple conception2 x is evid5t t ?is    
agreeabl5ess1 :atev] x be1 is n by art  

atta9able1 = all art is 9 "s sort       
realization2 x may be ! realization (   
obscurity or indef9it5ess1 b /ill x mu/ 
diff] f ! m]e conception ( obscurity &  
indef9it5ess2 s t :atev] emotions dep5d 
absolutely on imp]fectness ( conception1
 z ! horror ( ,milton's ,dea?1 _c be    
r5d]$ by art1 = art c only lay hold (   
?+s :i* h %ape1 & de/roys by its t\* !  
fe>fulness or pleasurabl5ess ( ^? :i*   
%ape h none4   ,sec4 #d4 ,b gives to !  
imag9ation its reg>dant p[] ov] !m4  ,b 
on ?is indi/9ctness ( conception1 itself
 comp>atively valueless & unaffect+1 is 
bas$ ! op]ation ( ! imag9ative faculty )
 :i* we are at pres5t conc]n$1 & 9 :i*  
its glory is consummat$3 :]eby1 depriv+ 
! subject ( mat]ial & bodily %ape1 &    
reg>d+ su* ( its qualities only z x     
*ooses = p>ticul> purpose1 x =ges ^!    
qualities toge!r 9 su* gr\ps & =ms z x  
desires1 & gives to _! ab/ract be+      
consi/5cy & reality1 by /rik+ !m z x 7 )
 ! die ( an image belong+ to o!r matt]1 
:i* /roke hav+ once receiv$1 !y pass    

curr5t at once 9 ! peculi> conjunction &
 = ! peculi> value desir$4  ,?us1 9 !   
description ( ,satan quot$ 9 ! fir/     
*apt]1 ,& l a comet burn$1 ! bodily %ape
 ( ! angel is de/roy$1 ! inflam+ ( !    
=mless _s is alone reg>d$2 & ?is1 & 8   
p[] ( evil associat$ 9 "o fe>ful &      
ab/ract conception are /amp$ to give !m 
di/9ctness & p]man5ce ) ! image ( !     
comet1 t fires ! l5g? ( ,ophiu*us huge4 
,yet ?is c\ld n be done1 b t ! image ( !
 comet itself is 9 a measure indi/9ct1  
capable ( awful expansion1 & full (     
?reat5+ & fe>4 ,aga91 9 8 fall1 !       
imag9ation b9ds up ! ?und]1 ! resi/ance1
 ! massy pro/ration1 sep>ates !m f !    
ext]nal =m1 & b9ds !m toge!r by ! help (
 t image ( ! m\nta9 half sunk2 :i* aga9 
w\ld be unfit b = its own indi/9ctness1 
& = t glori\s addition ) all 8 p9es1    
:]eby a vitality & spe>-l ho/ility are  
communicat$ to its fall+ =m1 & ! fall is
 m>k$ z n utt] subv]sion1 b s9k+ only1 !
 p9es rema9+ 9 _! uprightness1 & unity1 
& ?reat5+ ( d>kness ^u ! desc5d$        

precipice3 & aga9 9 t yet m noble       
passage at ! close ( ! f\r? book1 :]e   
almo/ e op]ation ( ! contemplative      
imag9ation is conc5trat$2 ! angelic     
squadron fir/ ga!r$ into "o burn+ mass  
by ! s+le expression %>p5+ 9 moon$      
horns1 !n told out 9 _! unity &         
multitude & /oop$ ho/ility1 by ! image (
 ! w9d ^u ! corn2 ,satan end[$ ) godlike
 /r5g? & endurance 9 t mighty l9e1 l    
,t5]iffe or ,atlas1 unremov$1 )         
inf9itude ( size ! next in/ant1 & ) all 
! vagu5ess & t]ribl5ess ( spiritual p[]1
 by ! horror plum$1 & ! :at seem$ bo?   
spe> & %ield4   ,sec4 #e4 ,! ?ird (fice 
( fancy di/+ui%$ f imag9ation           
contemplative4  ,! ?ird function (      
fancy1 already spok5 ( z subord9ate to  
?is ( ! imag9ation1 is ! highe/ ( :i* %e
 is capable2 l ! imag9ation1 %e beholds 
9 ! ?+s submitt$ to h] treatm5t ?+s     
diff]5t f ! actual2 b ! sugge/ions %e   
foll[s are n 9 _! nature ess5tial 9 !   
object contemplat$2 & ! images result+1 
in/ead ( illu/rat+1 may lead ! m9d away 

f x1 & *ange ! curr5t ( contemplative   
feel+2 = z 9 h] op]ation p>allel to     
imag9ation p5etrative1 we saw h] dwell+ 
^u ext]nal features1 :ile ! nobl] si/]1 
faculty1 ent]$ )91 s n[1 :5 bo?1 f :at  
!y see & "k 9 _! imm$iate object1 are   
conjur+ up images illu/rative or        
elevatory ( x1 ! fancy necess>ily       
summons ^? ( m]e ext]nal relation%ip1 & 
!re=e ( unaffect+ influ5ce2 :ile !      
imag9ation1 by e gho/ %e raises1 tells  
tales ab\t ! prison-h\se1 & !re=e nev]  
loses h] p[] ov] ! he>t1 nor h] unity ( 
emotion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! reg>dant or    
contemplative action ( fancy is 9 ?is   
diff]5t f1 & 9 ?is nobl]1 ?an t m]e     
seiz+ & lik5ess-cat*+ op]ation we saw 9 
h] be=e2 t :5 contemplative1 %e v]ily   
believes 9 ! tru? ( ! vision %e has     
summon$1 loses sight ( actuality1 &     
beholds ! new & spiritual image         
fai?fully & ev5 s]i\sly2 :]eas be=e1 %e 
summon$ no spiritual image1 b m]ely     
caught ! vivid actuality1 or ! curi\s   
resemblance ( ! real object2 n t ^! two 

op]ations are sep>ate1 = ! fancy passes 
gradually f m]e vivid "r ( reality1 &   
witty sugge/ion ( lik5ess1 to a gho/ly  
sight ( :at is unreal2 & ?r\gh ?is1 9   
proportion z %e beg9s to feel1 %e rises 
t[>ds & p>takes ( imag9ation itself1 =  
imag9ation & fancy are cont9ually unit$1
 & x is necess>y1 :5 !y are s1 c>efully 
to di/+ui% ! feel+less "p :i* is        
fancy's1 f ! s5ti5t "p1 :i* is          
imag9ation's4 ,let u take a few         
in/ances4 ,"h is fancy1 fir/1 v         
beautiful1 9 h] simple capacity (       
lik5ess-cat*+3--                ,to-day 
we purpose--aye1 ?is h\r we m\nt        
,to spur ?ree leagues t[>ds ! ,ap5n9e4  
,come d[n1 we pray !e1 ere ! hot sun    
c\nt                ,8 dewy ros>y on !  
eglant9e4  ,seiz+ on ! outside          
resemblances ( bead =m1 & on ! slipp+ f 
_! ?read+ b\gh "o by "o1 ! fancy is     
cont5t to lose ! he>t ( ! ?+1 !         
solemnity ( pray]3 or p]haps ,i d !     
glori\s poet wrong 9 say+ ?is1 = ! s5se 
( a sun wor%ip & orison 9 beg9n+ its    

race1 may h be5 9 8 m9d2 & s f> z x 0 s1
 ! passage is imag9ative & n fanciful4  
,b t :i* mo/ read]s w\ld accept f x1 is 
! m]e fla% ( ! ext]nal image1 9 ^: tru? 
! fancy h]self does n yet believe &     
!re=e is n yet contemplative4 ,"h1      
h[ev]1 is fancy believ+ 9 ! images %e   
creates3--               ,x fe$s ! quick
 gr[? ( ! s]p5t-v9e1               ,& ! 
d>k l9k$ ivy tangl+ wild                
,& budd+1 bl[n1 or odor fad$ blooms1    
,:i* /> ! w9ds ) po9ts ( color$ light   
,z !y ra9 ?r\gh !m2 & bright gold5      
globes               ,( fruit susp5d$ 9 
_! own gre5 heav54  ,x is n1 obs]ve1 a  
m]e lik5ess t is caught "h2 b ! fl[]s & 
fruit are entirely depriv$ by ! fancy ( 
_! mat]ial exi/5ce1 & contemplat$ by h] 
s]i\sly & fai?fully z />s & worlds2 yet 
x is only ext]nal lik5ess t %e cat*es2  
%e =ces ! resemblance1 & l[]s ! dignity 
( ! adopt$ image4  ,next take two       
delici\s /anzas ( fancy reg>dant1       
7believ+ 9 h] creations17 foll[$ by "o (
 heav5ly imag9ation1 f ,wordswor?'s     

address to ! daisy3--                ,a 
,nun demure--( l[ly port2               
,or sprightly maid5--( ,love's c\rt1    
,9 ?y simplicity ! sport                
,( all temptations4                ,a   
,que5 9 cr[n ( rubies dre/1             
,a />vel+ 9 a scanty ve/1               
,are all z seems to suit !e be/1--      
,?y appellations4                 ,i see
 !e glitt]+ f af>1                ,& !n 
?\ art a pretty />1--                ,n 
q s fair z _m are                ,9     
heav5 above !e4                ,yet l a 
/>1 ) glitt]+ cre/1                     
,self-pois$ 9 air ?\ seem'/ to re/2--   
,may peace come nev] to 8 ne/           
,:o %all reprove !e4                    
,sweet fl[]--= by t "n at la/1          
,:5 all my rev]ies are pa/1             
,i call !e1 & to t cleave fa/4          
,sweet sil5t creature1                ,t
 brea?'/ ) me1 9 sun & air1             
,d ?\1 z ?\ art wont1 repair            
,my he>t ) gladness1 & a %>e            
,( ?y meek nature4   ,sec4 #f4 ,v>i\s   

in/ances4  ,obs]ve h[ spiritual1 yet h[ 
w&]+ & playful ! fancy is 9 ! fir/ two  
/anzas1 & h[ f> %e flies f ! matt] 9 h&1
 nev] /opp+ to brood on ! "* ( any "o ( 
! images %e summons1 & yet = a mom5t    
truly see+ & believ+ 9 !m all2 :ile 9 ! 
la/ /anza ! imag9ation returns ) its    
deep feel+ to ! he>t ( ! fl[]1 & cleaves
 fa/ to t4 ,comp>e ! op]ation ( !       
imag9ation 9 ,col]idge1 on "o ( ! mo/   
trifl+ objects t c\ld possibly h be5    
submitt$ to its action4                 
,! ?9 blue flame                ,lies on
 my l[-burnt fire1 & quiv]s n3          
,only t film :i* flutt]$ on ! grate     
,/ill flutt]s !re1 ! sole unquiet ?+4   
,me?9ks its motion 9 ?is hu% ( nature   
,gives x dim sympa?ies ) me1 :o live1   
,mak+ x a companionable =m1             
,^: puny flaps & freaks ! idl+ _s       
,by its own moods int]prets2 ev]y:]e1   
,e*o or mirror seek+ ( itself1          
,& makes a toy ( ?\ght4  ,la/ly1 obs]ve 
! sweet op]ation ( fancy reg>dant1 9 !  
foll[+ well-kn[n passage f ,scott1 :]e  

bo? h] behold+ & trans=m+ p[]s are se5 9
 _! simplicity4                ,! rocky 
summits--split & r5t1                   
,=m$ turret1 dome1 or battlem5t4--      
,or seem$ fanta/ically set              
,) cupola or m9>et4                ,nor 
7 ^! e>?-born ca/les b>e1               
,nor lack$ !y _m a bann] fair1          
,= f _! %iv]$ br[s display$1            
,f> o'er ?' unfa?omable glade1          
,all tw9kl+ ) ! dew-drop %e51           
,! bri]-rose fell1 9 /ream]s gre51--    
,& creep+ %rubs ( ?\s& dyes             
,wav$ 9 ! we/ w9d's summ] sighs4  ,let !
 read] ref] to ?is passage1 ) its pretty
 tremul\s conclusion above ! p9e tree1  
:]e gli/5+ /ream]s wav$ & danc$1 & !n   
comp>e ) x ! foll[+1 :]e ! imag9ation   
op]ates on a sc5e ne>ly simil>4         
,gray rocks did peep f ! sp>e moss1 &   
/emm'd             ,! /ruggl+ brook2    
tall spires ( w9dle /rae                
,?rew _! ?9 %ad[s d[n ! rugg$ slope1    
,& n\ght b kn>l$ roots ( anci5t p9es1   
,bran*less & bla/$1 cl5*'d ) grasp+     

roots             ,?' unwill+ soil4    4
     4     4             4    4    4    
4    4    4   ,a gradual *ange 0 "h1    
,yet gha/ly4 ,=1 z fa/ ye>s fl[ away1   
,! smoo? br[ ga!rs1 & ! hair gr[s ?9    
,& :ite2 & :]e irradiate dewy eyes      
,_h %one1 gleam /ony orbs2 s f 8 /eps   
,bright fl[]s dep>t$1 & ! beautiful %ade
             ,( ! gre5 groves1 ) all _! 
odor\s w9ds             ,& musical      
motions4 4    4    4    4             4 
4    4    4    4    4    4    4    4    
4    4             4    4    4    4    4
    ,:]e ! pass ext5ds             ,its 
/ony jaws1 ! abrupt m\nta9 breaks4      
,& seems ) its accumulat$ crags         
,to ov]hang ! _w2 = wide exp&           
,b5ea? ! wan />s1 & desc5d+ moon1       
,isl&$ seas1 blue m\nta9s1 mighty       
/reams1             ,dim tracts & va/1  
rob$ 9 ! lu/r\s gloom             ,(    
lead5-color$ ev51 & fi]y hills          
,m+l+ _! flames ) twilight on ! v]ge    
,( ! remote horizon4 ,! ne> sc5e        
,9 nak$1 & sev]e simplicity             

,made contra/ ) ! univ]se4 ,a p9e       
,rock-root$1 /ret*'d a?w>t ! vacancy    
,its sw++ b\ghs1 to ea* incon/ant bla/  
,yield+ "o only response at ea* pause1  
,9 mo/ famili> cad5ce1 ) ! h[l1         
,! ?und]1 & ! hiss ( homeless /reams1   
,m+l+ its solemn song4  ,illu/ration3   
,,/udy ,,( ,,/one ,,p9e1 ,,at ,,se/ri4  
,f a draw+ by ,rusk94  ,9 ?is la/       
passage1 ! m9d nev] dep>ts f its solemn 
possession ( ! solit>y sc5e1 !          
imag9ation only giv+ weight1 mean+1 &   
/range human sympa?ies to all its sights
 & s\nds4  ,9 t f ,scott1#gj--! fancy1  
l$ away by ! outside resemblance (      
float+ =m & hue to ! bann]s1 loses !    
feel+ & possession ( ! sc5e1 & places   
h]self 9 circum/ances ( "* completely   
opposite to ! quietness & gr&eur ( !    
natural objects2 ?is w\ld h be5         
unju/ifiable1 b t ! resemblance occurs  
to ! m9d ( ! mon>*1 r ?an to t ( ! poet2
 & x is t1 :i* ( all o!rs1 w\ld h be5 ! 
mo/ likely to occur at ! "t2 9 ?is po9t 
( view x has high imag9ative propriety4 

,( ! same fanciful "* is t trans=mation 
( ! tree trunks into dragons notic$ be=e
 9 ,turn]'s ,jason2 & 9 ! same way ?is  
becomes imag9ative z x exhibits ! effect
 ( fe> 9 dispos+ to morbid p]ception4   
,comp>e ) x ! real & high action ( !    
imag9ation on ! same matt] 9            
,wordswor?'s ,yew trees 7:i* ,i consid] 
! mo/ vigor\s & solemn bit ( =e/ l&scape
 ev] pa9t$73--                          
,ea* p>ticul> trunk a gr[?              
,( int]twi/$ fibres s]p5t9e1            
,up coil+ & invet]ately convolv$1       
,nor un9=m$ ) ,phantasy1 & looks        
,t ?reat5 ! pr(ane4  ,x is too long to  
quote1 b ! read] %\ld ref] to x3 let him
 note especially1 if pa9t]1 t pure t\* (
 color1 by %$d+s f ! p9+ umbrage t+$4   
,9 ! same way1 ! bla/$ trunk on ! left1 
9 ,turn]'s draw+ ( ! spot :]e ,h>old    
fell at ! battle ( ,ha/+s1 takes1 :]e   
its b\ghs fir/ sep>ate1 ! %ape ( ! head 
( an arr[2 ?is1 :i* is m]e fancy 9      
itself1 is imag9ation z x supposes 9 !  
spectator an excit$ condition ( feel+   

dep5d5t on ! hi/ory ( ! spot4   ,sec4   
#g4 ,morbid or n]v\s fancy4  ,i h be5 l$
 p]haps into too great detail 9         
illu/rat+ ^! po9ts2 b ,i ?9k x is ( no  
small importance to prove h[ 9 all cases
 ! imag9ation is bas$ ^u1 & appeals to1 
a deep he>t feel+2 & h[ fai?ful & e>ne/ 
x is 9 contemplation ( ! subject matt]1 
nev] los+ sight ( x1 or disguis+ x1 b   
depriv+ x ( extrane\s & mat]ial         
accid5ts1 & reg>d+ x 9 its disembodi$   
ess5ce4 ,i h n1 h[ev]1 suffici5tly not$ 
9 opposition to x1 t diseas$ action ( ! 
fancy :i* dep5ds m on n]v\s temp]am5t   
?an intellectual p[]2 & :i*1 z 9 dream+1
 fev]1 insanity1 & o!r morbid conditions
 ( m9d is frequ5tly a s\rce ( d>+ &     
inv5tive conception2 & s ! vision>y     
appe>ances result+ f v>i\s di/urbances (
 ! frame by passion1 & f ! rapid t5d5cy 
( ! m9d to inve/ ) %ape & intellig5ce ! 
active influ5ces ab\t x1 z 9 ! v>i\s    
demons1 spirits1 & fairies ( all        
imag9ative nations2 :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i      
consid] are no m to be rank$ z "r       

creations ( fancy or imag9ation ?an ?+s 
actually se5 & he>d2 = ! action ( !     
n]ves is ,i suppose ! same1 :e!r        
ext]nally caus$1 or f )91 al?\gh v gr&  
imag9ation may be %[n by ! intellectual 
anticipation & realization ( su*        
impressions2 z 9 t glori\s vignette (   
,turn]'s to ! voyage ( ,columbus4 ,sl[ly
 along ! ev5+ sky !y w5t4 ,note         
especially !re91 h[ admirably true to ! 
natural =m1 & yet h[ sugge/ive ( !      
battlem5t he has r5d]$ ! level flake (  
ev5+ cl\d4   ,sec4 #h4 ,! action (      
contemplative imag9ation is n to be     
express$ by        art4  ,i believe t x 
is unnecess>y = me to ent] into f>!r    
detail ( illu/ration respect+ ^! po9ts2 
= full] explanation ( ! op]ations ( !   
contemplative faculty on ?+s v]bally    
expressible1 ! read] may be ref]r$ to   
,wordswor?'s preface to 8 poems2 x only 
rema9s = u1 "h1 to exam9e h[ f> ?is     
imag9ative or ab/ract conception is to  
be convey$ by ! mat]ial art ( ! sculptor
 or ! pa9t]4  ,n[1 x is evid5t t ! bold 

action ( ei!r ! fancy or ! imag9ation1  
dep5d5t on a bodiless & spiritual image 
( ! object1 is n to be by l9es or colors
 repres5t$4 ,we _c1 9 ! pa9t+ ( ,satan  
fall51 sugge/ any image ( p9es or       
crags1--nei!r c we assimilate ! bri] & !
 bann]1 nor give human sympa?y to !     
motion ( ! film1 nor voice to ! sw++ ( !
 p9es4   ,sec4 #i4 ,except "u n>r[      
limits4--#a/4 ,ab/ract r5d]+ ( =m       
)\t color4  ,yet c]ta9 p[]s !re are1 )9 
due limits1 ( m>k+ ! ?+ repres5t$ ) an  
ideal "*2 & x 0 to ^! p[]s t ,i allud$ 9
 def9+ ! mean+ ( ! t]m ideal1 9 !       
?irte5? *apt] ( ! prec$+ section4 ,= x  
is by ?is op]ation t ! productions (    
high art are sep>at$ f ^? ( ! reali/4   
,&1 fir/1 !re is evid5tly capability (  
sep>at+ color & =m1 & consid]+ ei!r     
sep>ately4 ,=m we f9d ab/ract$ly        
consid]$ by ! sculptor1 h[ f> x w\ld be 
possible to advantage a /atue by !      
addition ( color1 ,i v5ture n to affirm2
 ! "q is too ext5sive to be "h discuss$4
 ,high au?orities & anci5t practice1 are

 9 favor ( color2 s ! sculpture ( !     
middle ages3 ! two /atues ( ,m9o da     
,fiesole 9 ! *ur* ( ,/a4 ,cat]9a at     
,pisa h be5 color$1 ! irises ( ! eyes   
pa9t$ d>k1 & ! hair gild$1 z also ,i ?9k
 ! ,madonna 9 ,/a4 ,m>ia della ,sp9a2 ! 
eyes h be5 pa9t$ 9 ! sculptures (       
,orcagna 9 ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 b x looks l
 a remnant ( b>b>ism1 7comp>e ! pulpit (
 ,guida da ,como1 9 ! *ur* ( ,san       
,b>tolomeo at ,pi/oja17 & ,i h nev] se5 
color on any solid =ms1 t did n1 to my  
m9d1 neutralize all o!r p[]2 ! porcela9s
 ( ,luca della ,robbia are pa9ful       
examples1 & 9 l[] art1 ,flor5t9e mosaic 
9 relief2 gild+ is m admissible1 & tells
 sometimes sweetly ^u figures ( qua9t   
design1 z on ! pulpit ( ,/a4 ,m>ia      
,novella1 :ile x spoils ! classical     
ornam5ts ( ! m\ld+s4 ,b ! true/ gr&eur (
 sculpture ,i believe to be 9 ! :ite =m2
 some?+ ( ?is feel+ may be ow+ to !     
difficulty1 or r ! imm$iately1 ( obta9+ 
truly noble color ^u x1 b if we c\ld    
color ! ,elg9 m>bles ) ! fle% t9t (     

,giorgione1 ,i _h r n h x done4   ,sec4 
#aj4 ,( color )\t =m4  ,color1 )\t =m1  
is less frequ5tly obta9able1 & x may be 
d\bt$ :e!r x be desirable3 yet ,i ?9k t 
to ! full enjoym5t ( x1 a c]ta9 ab&onm5t
 ( =m is necess>y2 sometimes by r$uc+ x 
to ! %apeless glitt] ( ! gem1 z (t5     
,t9toret & ,bassano2 sometimes by loss (
 outl9e & bl5d+ ( p>ts1 z ,turn]2       
sometimes by flatness ( mass1 z (t5     
,giorgione & ,titian4 ,h[ f> x is       
possible = ! pa9t] to repres5t ^?       
m\nta9s ( ,%elley z ! poet sees !m1 m+l+
 _! flames ) twilight1 ,i _c say2 b my  
impression is1 t !re is no true ab/ract 
mode ( consid]+ color2 & t all ! loss ( 
=m 9 ! works ( ,titian or ,turn]1 is n  
ideal1 b ! repres5tation ( ! natural    
conditions "u :i* bright color is se52 =
 =m is always 9 a measure lo/ by nature 
h]self :5 color is v vivid4   ,sec4 #aa4
 ,or ( bo? )\t texture4  ,aga91 !re is  
capability ( repres5t+ ! ess5tial "*1   
=m1 & color ( an object1 )\t ext]nal    
texture4 ,on ?is po9t mu* has be5 said  

by ,reynolds & o!rs1 & x is1 inde$1     
p]haps ! mo/ unfail+ *>act]i/ic ( great 
mann] 9 pa9t+4 ,comp>e a dog ( ,edw9    
,l&se] ) a dog ( ,paul ,v]onese4 ,9 !   
fir/1 ! outw>d texture is wr\ght out )  
exquisite dext]ity ( h&l+1 & m9ute      
att5tion to all ! accid5ts ( curl &     
gloss :i* c give appe>ance ( reality1   
:ile ! hue & p[] ( ! sun%9e1 & ! tru? ( 
! %ad[ on all ^! =ms is necess>ily      
neglect$1 & ! l>ge relations ( ! animal 
z a mass ( color to ! sky or gr\nd1 or  
o!r p>ts ( ! picture1 utt]ly lo/4 ,?is  
is realism at ! exp5se ( ideality1 x is 
treatm5t ess5tially unimag9ative4#ga ,) 
,v]onese1 !re is no curl+ nor crisp+1 no
 gloss9ess nor sp>kle1 h>dly ev5 hair1 a
 m]e type ( hide1 laid on ) a few       
sc5e-pa9t]'s t\*es4 ,b ! ess5ce ( dog is
 !re1 ! entire magnific5t1 g5]ic animal 
type1 muscul> & liv+1 & ) broad1 pure1  
sunny daylight ^u him1 & be>+ 8 true &  
h>moni\s relation ( color to all color  
ab\t him4 ,?is is ideal treatm5t4  ,!   
same treatm5t is f\nd 9 ! works ( all ! 

greate/ m51 !y all pa9t ! lion m ?an 8  
mane1 & ! horse r ?an 8 hide2 & ,i ?9k  
also !y are m c>eful to obta9 ! "r      
expression ( l>ge & univ]sal light &    
color1 ?an local t9ts2 = ! w>m? (       
sun%9e1 & ! =ce ( sunlight$ hue are     
always sublime on :atev] subject !y may 
be exhibit$2 & s also are light & %ade1 
if gr&ly arrang$1 z may be well se5 9 an
 et*+ ( ,rembr&t's ( a spott$ %ell1 :i* 
he has made altoge!r sublime by broad   
tru? & l>ge ideality ( light & %ade2 & s
 ,i h se5 frequ5t in/ances ( v gr&      
ideality 9 treatm5t ( ! mo/ commonplace 
/ill life1 by our own ,hunt1 :]e ! petty
 glosses & delicacies1 & m9or =ms1 are  
all m]g$ 9 a broad gl[ ( suffus$ color2 
s also 9 pieces ( ! same k9d by ,etty1  
:]e1 h[ev]1 ?\gh ! ri*ness & play (     
color are great]1 & ! arrangem5t gr&]1  
!re is less expression ( light1 nei!r is
 !re any?+ 9 mod]n art t c be set beside
 "s *oice passages ( ,hunt 9 ?is        
respect4   ,sec4 #ab4 ,ab/raction or    
typical repres5tation ( animal =m4      

,aga91 x is possible to repres5t objects
 capable ( v>i\s accid5ts 9 g5]ic or    
symbolical =m4   ,sec4 #ac4 ,ei!r :5 x  
is symbolically us$4  ,h[ f> ?is may be 
done ) ?+s hav+ necess>y =m1 z animals1 
,i am n prep>$ to say4 ,! lions ( !     
,egyptian room 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & ! 
fi% beside ,mi*ael ,angelo's ,jonah1 are
 in/ances2 & !re is imag9ative p[] ab\t 
bo? :i* we f9d n 9 ! m p]fectly realiz$ 
,flor5t9e bo>1 nor 9 ,raffaelle's fi% ( 
! draught4 ,& yet ! propriety & nobility
 ( ^! types dep5d on ! ar*itectural use 
& "* ( ! "o1 & on ! typical mean+ ( !   
o!r3 we %\ld be griev$ to see ! =ms ( ! 
,egyptian lion sub/itut$ = ^? (         
,raffaelle's 9 its /ruggle ) ,samson1   
nor w\ld ! :ale ( ,mi*ael ,angelo be    
tol]at$ 9 ! nets ( ,g5nes>et4 ,s t ,i   
?9k x is only :5 ! figure ( ! creature  
/&s n = any repres5tation ( vitality1 b 
m]ely = a lett] or type ( c]ta9         
symbolical mean+1 or else is adopt$ z a 
gr& =m ( decoration or support 9        
ar*itecture1 t su* g5]alization is      

all[able1 & 9 su* circum/ances ,i ?9k x 
necess>y1 always provid$ x be bas$1 z 9 
! in/ances giv5 ,i conceive x to be1 ^u 
?or\gh k ( ! creature symboliz$ & wr\ght
 out by a ma/] h&2 & ^! conditions be+  
obs]v$1 ,i believe x to be "r & necess>y
 9 ar*itecture to modify all animal =ms 
by a sev]e ar*itectural /amp1 & 9       
symbolical use ( !m1 to adopt a typical 
=m1 to :i* practice ! contr>y1 & its    
evil consequ5ces are ludicr\sly exhibit$
 9 ! ,/4 ,pet] ( ,c>lo ,dolci 9 ! ,pitti
 palace1 :i* ow+ to ! prom95t1          
glossy-plum$ & crimson-comb$ cock1 is   
liable to be tak5 = ! portrait ( a      
p\lt]]1 only let x be obs]v$ t !        
treatm5t ( ! animal =m "h is (f5sive1 n 
only f its realization1 b f ! pett9ess &
 meanness ( its realization2 = x might1 
9 o!r h&s b ,c>lo ,dolci's1 h be5 a     
sublime cock1 ?\gh a real "o1 b 9 81 x  
is fit = no?+ b ! spit4 ,comp>e z an    
example p>tly ( symbolical treatm5t1    
p>tly ( magnific5t realization1 t       
sup]natural lion ( ,t9toret1 9 ! picture

 ( ! ,doge ,lor$ano be=e ! ,madonna1 ) !
 plumes ( 8 mighty w+s cla%$ toge!r 9   
cl\dlike repose1 & ! /r5g? ( ! sea w9ds 
%ut )9 _! fold+4 ,& note f>!r ! diff]5ce
 betwe5 ! typical use ( ! animal1 z 9   
?is case1 & t ( ! fi% ( ,jonah1 7& aga9 
! fi% be=e m5tion$ ^: =m is indicat$ 9 !
 cl\ds ( ! baptism71 & ! actual         
occurr5ce ( ! creature itself1 )        
conceal$ mean+1 z ! ass colt ( !        
crucifixion1 :i* x 0 necess>y to pa9t z 
su*1 & n z an ideal =m4   ,sec4 #ad4 ,or
 9 ar*itectural decoration4  ,sec4 #ae4 
,exception 9 delicate & sup]impos$      
ornam5t4  ,i _c ent] "h into ! "q ( !   
exact degree ( sev]ity & ab/raction     
necess>y 9 ! =ms ( liv+ ?+s             
ar*itecturally employ$2 my own feel+ on 
! subject is1 ?\gh ,i d>e n lay x d[n z 
a pr9ciple1 7) ! ,p>!non p$im5t /&+     
aga9/ me l ! %ield ( ,ajax17 t no p]fect
 repres5tation ( animal =m is "r 9      
ar*itectural decoration4 ,= my own "p1  
,i _h mu* r see ! metopes 9 ! ,elg9 room
 ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 & ! ,p>!non )\t   

!m1 ?an h !m toge!r1 & ,i w\ld n        
surr5d]1 9 an ar*itectural po9t ( view1 
"o mighty l9e ( ! colossal1 quiet1      
life-9-dea? /atue m\nta9s 9 ,egypt ) _! 
n>r[ fix$ eyes & h&s on _! rocky limbs1 
nor "o ,romanesque facade ) its porphyry
 mosaic ( indef9able mon/]s1 nor "o     
,go?ic m\ld+ ( rigid sa9ts & gr9n+      
gobl9s1 = t5 ,p>!nons2 &1 ,i believe1 ,i
 c\ld %[ "s rational gr\nd = ?is seem+  
b>b>ity if ?is 7 ! place to d s1 b at   
pres5t ,i c only ask ! read] to comp>e !
 effect ( ! s-call$ b>b>\s anci5t       
mosaics on ! front ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 z !y h 
be5 record$1 happily1 by ! fai?fulness (
 ! good ,g5tile ,bell9i1 9 "o ( 8       
pictures n[ 9 ! ,v5ice gall]y1 ) !      
v]itably b>b>\s pictorial sub/itutions (
 ! fifte5? c5tury1 7"o only ( ! old     
mosaics rema9s1 or did rema9 till       
lately1 ov] ! nor!rn door1 b x is       
probably by ?is "t torn d[n by "s ( !   
,v5etian committees ( ta/e17 & also ,i  
w\ld h ! old portions ( ! int]ior ceil+1
 or ( ! mosaics ( ,murano & ,torcello1 &

 ! glori\s ,cimabue mosaic ( ,pisa1 & ! 
ro( ( ! ,bapti/]y at ,p>ma1 7t ( !      
,flor5ce ,bapti/]y is a bad example1 ow+
 to its crude :ites & complicat$ mosaic 
( small =ms17 all ( :i* are z b>b>\s z  
!y c well be1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 b mighty 9
 _! b>b>ism1 ) any ar*itectural         
decorations :atsoev]1 consi/+ (         
pr(ess$ly p]fect animal =ms1 f ! vile   
frescoes ( ,f$]igo ,zucc>o at ,flor5ce  
to ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e1 & aga9 comp>e !  
pr(ess$ly p]fect sculpture ( ,milan     
,ca!dral ) ! /atues ( ! por*es (        
,*>tres2 only be x always obs]v$ t x is 
n rud5ess & ignorance ( art1 b          
intellectually awful ab/raction t ,i    
uphold1 & also be x not$ t 9 all        
ornam5t1 :i* takes place 9 ! g5]al      
effect m]ely z s mu* frett$ /one1 9     
capitals & o!r pieces ( m9ute detail1 ! 
=ms may be1 & p]haps ought to be1       
elaborately imitative2 & 9 ?is respect  
aga9 ! capitals ( ,/4 ,m>k's *ur*1 & ( !
 ,doge's palace at ,v5ice may be an     
example to ! ar*itects ( all ! _w1 9 _! 

b\ndless inv5tiv5ess1 unfail+ elegance1 
& elaborate f9i%2 !re is m m9d p\r$ out 
9 turn+ a s+le angle ( t *ur* ?an w\ld  
s]ve to build a mod]n ca!dral2#gb & ( ! 
c>eful f9i% ( ! "w1 ?is may s]ve =      
example1 t "o ( ! capitals ( ! ,doge's  
palace is =m$ ( eight heads ( diff]5t   
animals1 ( :i* "o is a be>'s ) a        
honeycomb 9 ! m\?1 ^: c>v$ cells are    
hexagonal4   ,sec4 #af4 ,ab/raction     
necess>y f imp]fection ( mat]ials4      
,sec4 #ag4 ,ab/ractions ( ?+s capable ( 
v>i$ accid5t are n         imag9ative4  
,sec4 #ah4 ,yet sometimes valuable4  ,s 
f>1 !n1 ( ! ab/raction prop] to         
ar*itecture1 & to symbolical uses1 ( :i*
 ,i %all h occasion to speak h]eaft] at 
l5g?1 ref]r+ to x only at pres5t z "o ( 
! op]ations ( imag9ation contemplative2 
o!r ab/ractions !re are :i* are         
necess>ily consequ5t on ! imp]fection ( 
mat]ials1 z ( ! hair 9 sculpture1 :i* is
 necess>ily treat$ 9 masses t are 9 no  
sort imitative1 b only /& = hair1 & h ! 
grace1 fl[1 & feel+ ( x )\t ! texture or

 division1 & o!r ab/ractions !re are 9  
:i* ! =m ( "o ?+ is fancifully indicat$ 
9 ! matt] ( ano!r2 z 9 phantoms & cl\d  
%apes1 ! use ( :i*1 9 mighty h&s1 is (t5
 mo/ impressive1 z 9 ! cl\dy *>iot$     
,apollo ( ,nicolo ,p\ss9 9 our own      
gall]y1 :i* ! read] may oppose to !     
sub/antial ,apollo1 9 ,wilson's ,niobe1 
& aga9 ! phantom vignette ( ,turn]      
already notic$2 only su* op]ations ( !  
imag9ation are to be held ( l[] k9d &   
dang]\s consequ5ce1 if frequ5tly tru/$  
91 = ^? pa9t]s only h ! "r imag9ative   
p[] :o c set ! sup]natural =m be=e u    
fle%$ & bon$ l ourselves4#gc ,o!r       
ab/ractions occur1 frequ5tly1 ( ?+s :i* 
h mu* accid5tal v>iety ( =m1 z ( waves1 
on ,greek sculptures 9 successive       
volutes1 & ( cl\ds (t5 9 support+       
volumes 9 ! sacr$ pictures2 b ^! ,i d n 
look ^u z results ( imag9ation at all1 b
 m]e signs & lett]s2 & :5ev] a v highly 
imag9ative m9d t\*es !m1 x always       
realizes z f> z may be4 ,ev5 ,titian is 
cont5t to use at ! top ( 8 ,/4 ,pietro  

,m>tiri1 ! conv5tional1 r\nd1 opaque    
cl\d1 :i* cuts 8 trees op5 l a g\ge2 b  
,t9toret1 9 8 picture ( ! ,gold5 ,calf1 
?\gh compell$ to repres5t ! ,s9ai "u    
conv5tional =m1 9 ord] t ! receiv+ ( !  
tables might be se5 at ! top ( x1 yet s 
soon z x is possible to give m tru?1 he 
is ready ) x2 he takes a gr& fold (     
horizontal cl\d /raight f ! flanks ( !  
,alps1 & %[s ! =e/s ( ! m\nta9s ?r\gh   
its mi/y volume1 l sea-we$ ?r\gh deep   
sea4#gd ,nev]!less1 :5 ! realization is 
impossible1 bold symbolism is ( ! highe/
 value1 & 9 religi\s art1 z we %all     
pres5tly see1 ev5 necess>y1 z ( ! rays (
 light 9 ! ,titian woodcut ( ,/4        
,francis be=e notic$2 & sometimes !     
att5tion is direct$ by "s su* /range =m 
to ! mean+ ( ! image1 :i* may be miss$  
if x rema9s 9 its natural purity1 7z1 ,i
 suppose1 few 9 look+ at ! ,cephalus &  
,procris ( ,turn]1 note ! sympa?y ( ^?  
fa9t rays t are j draw+ back & dy+      
betwe5 ! trunks ( ! f>-(f =e/1 ) ! ebb+ 
life ( ! nymph2 unless1 inde$1 !y happ5 

to recollect ! same sympa?y m>k$ by     
,%elley 9 ! ,ala/or27 b ! imag9ation is 
n %[n 9 any su* modifications2 h[ev]1 9 
"s cases !y may be valuable 79 !        
,cephalus !y w\ld be utt]ly de/ructive17
 & ,i note !m m]ely 9 consequ5ce ( _!   
peculi> use 9 religi\s art1 pres5tly to 
be exam9$4   ,sec4 #ai4 ,exagg]ation4   
,its laws & limits4 ,fir/1 9 scale (    
repres5tation4  ,! la/ mode we h "h to  
note 9 :i* ! imag9ation reg>dant may be 
express$ 9 art is exagg]ation1 ( :i*1 z 
x is ! vice ( all bad arti/s1 may be    
con/antly resort$ to )\t any w>rant (   
imag9ation1 x is necess>y to note       
/rictly ! admissible limits4  ,9 ! fir/ 
place1 a colossal /atue is necess>ily no
 m an exagg]ation ( :at x repres5ts ?an 
a m9iature is a dim9ution1 x ne$ n be a 
repres5tation ( a giant1 b a            
repres5tation1 on a l>ge scale1 ( a man2
 only x is to be obs]v$1 t z any plane  
int]sect+ ! cone ( rays betwe5 u & !    
object1 mu/ receive an image small] ?an 
! object2 a small image is rationally & 

completely expressive ( a l>g] "o2 b n a
 l>ge ( a small "o4 ,h5ce ,i ?9k t all  
/atues above ! ,elg9 /&>d1 or t (       
,mi*ael ,angelo's ,night & ,morn+1 are1 
9 a measure1 tak5 by ! eye =            
repres5tations ( giants1 & ,i ?9k !m    
always disagreeable4 ,! am\nt (         
exagg]ation admitt$ by ,mi*ael ,angelo  
is valuable because x sep>ates !        
emblematic f ! human =m1 & gives great] 
fre$om to ! gr& l9es ( ! frame2 = notice
 ( 8 sci5tific sy/em ( increase ( size  
,i may ref] ! read] to ,sir ,*>les      
,bell's rem>ks on ! /atues ( ! ,m$ici   
*apel2 b !re is "o circum/ance :i* ,sir 
,*>les has n notic$1 & 9 ! int]pretation
 ( :i*1 !re=e1 x is likely ,i may be    
myself wrong2 t ! extremities are       
s+ul>ly small 9 proportion to ! limbs1  
by :i* means !re is an expression giv5 (
 /r5g? & activity great] ?an 9 ! ord9>y 
human type1 :i* appe>s to me to be an   
all[ance = t alt]ation 9 proportion     
necessitat$ by increase ( size1 ( :i* we
 took note 9 ,*ap4 ,,vi4 ( ! fir/       

section1 ,sec4 #aj1 note2 n b t ,mi*ael 
,angelo always makes ! extremities      
comp>atively small1 b smalle/1          
comp>atively1 9 8 l>ge/ works2 s ,i ?9k1
 f ! size ( ! head1 x may be conjectur$ 
respect+ ! ,!seus ( ! ,elg9s4 ,su*      
adaptations are n necess>y :5 !         
exagg]at$ image is spectral2 = z ! laws 
( matt] 9 t case c h no op]ation1 we may
 exp& ! =m z f> z we *oose1 only let    
c>eful di/9ction be made betwe5 ! size (
 ! ?+ repres5t$1 & ! scale ( !          
repres5tation4 ,! canvas on :i* ,fuseli 
has /ret*$ 8 ,satan 9 ! s*ools ( !      
,royal ,academy is a m]e concession to  
inability4 ,he might h made him look m  
gigantic 9 "o ( a foot squ>e4   ,sec4   
#bj4 ,secondly4 ,( ?+s capable ( v>iety 
( scale4  ,ano!r k9d ( exagg]ation is ( 
?+s ^: size is v>iable to a size or     
degree great] ?an t usual ) !m1 z 9     
waves & m\nta9s2 & !re are h>dly any    
limits to ?is exagg]ation s long z !    
laws :i* nature obs]ves 9 h] increase be
 obs]v$4 ,?us1 = in/ance3 ! =m & poli%$ 

surface ( a break+ ripple ?ree in*es    
high1 are n repres5tation ( ei!r ! =m or
 ! surface ( ! surf ( a /orm1 nodd+ t5  
feet above ! bea*2 nei!r w\ld ! cutt+   
ripple ( a breeze ^u a lake if simply   
exagg]at$1 repres5t ! =ms ( ,atlantic   
surges2 b z nature increases h] bulk1 %e
 dim9i%es ! angles ( asc5t1 & increases 
h] divisions2 & if we w\ld repres5t     
surges ( size great] ?an ev] exi/$1 :i* 
x is lawful to d1 we mu/ c>ry out ^!    
op]ations to /ill great] ext5t4 ,?us1   
,turn]1 9 8 picture ( ! ,slave ,%ip1    
divides ! :ole sea into two masses (    
enorm\s swell1 & conceals ! horizon by a
 gradual slope ( only two or ?ree       
degrees4 ,?is is intellectual           
exagg]ation4 ,9 ! ,academy exhibition ( 
#ahdc1 !re 01 9 "o ( ! small] rooms1 a  
black picture ( a /orm1 9 :i* !re appe>$
 on ! ne> sea1 j ab\t to be ov]:elm$ by 
an enorm\s break]1 curl+ "r ov] x1 an   
object at fir/ sight liable to be tak5 =
 a walnut %ell1 b :i*1 on close         
exam9ation1 prov$ to be a %ip ) ma/ &   

sail1 ) ,*ri/ & 8 twelve disciples 9 x4 
,?is is *ildi% exagg]ation1 because x is
 impossible1 by ! laws ( matt] & motion1
 t su* a break] %\ld ev] exi/4 ,aga9 9  
m\nta9s1 we h repeat$ly obs]v$ !        
necess>y build+ up & multitud9\s        
division ( ! high] peaks1 & ! smallness 
( ! slopes by :i* !y usually rise4 ,we  
may1 !re=e1 build up ! m\nta9 z high z  
we please1 b we mu/ d x 9 nature's way1 
& n 9 impossible peaks & precipices2 n b
 t a d>+ feature is admissible "h & !re1
 z ! ,matt]horn is admitt$ by nature2 b 
we mu/ n compose a picture out ( su*    
exceptions2 we may use !m1 b !y mu/ be z
 exceptions exhibit$4 ,i %all h mu* to  
say1 :5 we come to treat ( ! sublime1 ( 
! v>i\s modes ( treat+ m\nta9 =m1 s t at
 pres5t ,i %all only po9t to an         
un=tunate in/ance ( inexcusable &       
effectless exagg]ation 9 ! di/ance (    
,turn]'s vignette to ,milton1 7!        
temptation on ! m\nta917 & desire !     
read] to comp>e x ) legitimate          
exagg]ation1 9 ! vignette to ! second "p

 ( ,jacquel9e1 9 ,rog]s's poems4   ,sec4
 #ba4 ,?irdly1 necess>y 9 expression (  
*>act]i/ic features on         dim9i%$  
scale4  ,ano!r k9d ( exagg]ation is     
necess>y to reta9 ! *>act]i/ic          
impressions ( nature on r$uc$ scale1 x  
is n possible1 = in/ance1 to give !     
leafage ( trees 9 its prop] proportion1 
:5 ! trees repres5t$ are l>ge1 )\t      
entirely los+ _! grace ( =m & curvature2
 ( ?is ! be/ pro( is f\nd 9 ! ,calotype 
or ,dagu]reotype1 :i* fail 9 foliage1 n 
only because ! gre5 rays are            
ineffective1 b because1 on ! small scale
 ( ! image1 ! r$uc$ leaves lose _!      
organization1 & look l moss atta*$ to   
/icks4 ,9 ord] to reta91 !re=e1 ! "* (  
flexibility & beauty ( foliage1 ! pa9t] 
is (t5 compell$ to increase !           
proportionate size ( ! leaves1 & to     
arrange !m 9 g5]ic masses4 ,( ?is       
treatm5t comp>e ! gr& examples ?r\gh\t !
 ,lib] ,/udiorum4 ,x is by su* means    
only t ! ideal "* ( objects is to be    
pres]v$2 z we be=e obs]v$ 9 ! #ac? *apt]

 ( ! fir/ section4 ,9 all ^! cases      
exagg]ation is only lawful z ! sole     
means ( arriv+ at tru? ( impression :5  
/rict fidelity is out ( ! "q4  ,o!r     
modes ( exagg]ation !re are1 on :i* ,i  
%all n at pres5t f>!r insi/1 ! prop]    
place = _! discussion be+ 9 treat+ ( !  
sublime1 & ^! :i* ,i h at pres5t in/anc$
 are en\gh to e/abli% ! po9t at issue1  
respect+ imag9ative v]ity1 inasmu* z we 
f9d t exagg]ation itself1 if imag9ative1
 is ref]r$ to pr9ciples ( tru?1 & (     
actual be+4   ,sec4 #bb4                
,recapitulation4  ,we h n[1 ,i ?9k1     
review$ ! v>i\s modes 9 :i* imag9ation  
contemplative may be exhibit$ 9 art1 &  
arriv$ at all necess>y c]ta9ties        
respect+ ! ess5ce ( ! faculty3 :i* we h 
f\nd 9 all its ?ree functions1          
associative ( tru?1 p5etrative ( tru?1 &
 contemplative ( tru?2 & hav+ no deal+s 
nor relations ) any k9d ( falsity4 ,"o  
task1 h[ev]1 rema9s to u1 namely1 to    
obs]ve ! op]ation ( ! !oretic &         
imag9ative faculties toge!r1 9 ! attempt

 at realization to ! bodily s5se (      
beauty sup]natural & div9e4             
,,footnotes    #gj ,let x n be suppos$ t
 ,i mean to comp>e ! sickly     dream+ (
 ,%elley ov] cl\ds & waves ) ! mascul9e 
&     magnific5t grasp ( m5 & ?+s :i* we
 f9d 9 ,scott2 x only     happ5s t ^!   
two passages are m illu/rative1 by !    
lik5ess ( ! sc5]y !y treat1 ?an any o!rs
 ,i c\ld h     oppos$2 & t ,%elley is   
peculi>ly di/+ui%$ by ! faculty     (   
contemplative imag9ation4 ,scott's      
heal?y & tru?ful feel+     w\ld n all[  
him to repres5t ! b5ight$ hunt] provok$ 
by     loss ( game1 horse1 & way at     
once1 z indulg+ 9 any m     exalt$      
flights ( imag9ation ?an ^? naturally   
consequ5t on     ! contra/ betwe5 !     
night's lodg+ he expect$1 & t :i*       
befitt$ him4    #ga ,i d n mean to )draw
 ! praise ,i h giv51 & %all     always  
be will+ to give su* pictures z ! ,old  
,%eph]d's ,*ief     ,m\rn]1 & to all 9  
:i* ! "* & inn] life ( animals     are  
develop$4 ,b all lov]s ( art mu/ regret 

to f9d ,mr4     ,l&se] wa/+ 8 en]gies on
 su* inanities z ! ,%oe+1     &         
sacrific+ color1 expression1 & action1  
to an imitation (     glossy hide4      
#gb ,i h n br\ght =w>d any in/ances ( ! 
imag9ative     p[] 9 ar*itecture1 z my  
object is n at pres5t to exhibit its    
op]ation 9 all matt]1 b only to def9e   
its ess5ce2 b x may     be well to note1
 9 our own new h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 h[ f> 
a     build+ approv$ by a committee (   
,ta/e1 may proce$ )\t     manife/ation  
ei!r ( imag9ation or composition2 x     
rema9s to be     se5 h[ f> ! t[]s may   
r$eem x2 & ,i allude to x at pres5t     
unwill+ly1 & only 9 ! desire ( influ5c+1
 s f> z ,i may1     ^? :o h ! p[] to    
prev5t ! adoption ( a design = a        
bridge to take place ( ,we/m9/]1 :i* 0  
exhibit$ 9 #ahdd at     ! ,royal        
,academy1 pr(ess+ to be 9 h>mony ) ! new
     build+1 b :i* 0 fit only to c>ry a 
railroad ov] a canal4    #gc ,comp4 ,*4 
,v4 ,sec4 #e4    #gd ,all ! cl\ds (     
,t9toret are sublime2 ! wor/ t ,i "k    

9 art are ,correggio's1 especially 9 !  
,madonna della ,scudella1     & ,dome ( 
,p>ma4                                  
,,*apt] ,v4                         ,,( 
,,! ,,sup]human ,,ideal4   ,sec4 #a4 ,! 
subject is n to be "h treat$ 9 detail4  
,9 our inve/igation 9 ! fir/ section ( !
 laws ( beauty1 we conf9$ ourselves to !
 obs]vation ( l[] nature1 or ( humanity4
 ,we 7 prev5t$ f proce$+ to d$uce       
conclusions respect+ div9e ideality by  
our n hav+ !n e/abli%$ any pr9ciples    
respect+ ! imag9ative faculty1 by :i*1  
"u ! discipl9e ( ! !oretic1 su* ideality
 is conceiv$4 ,i _h purpos$ to conclude 
! pres5t section by a c>eful exam9ation 
( ?is subject2 b z ?is is evid5tly =eign
 to ! matt] imm$iately "u discussion1 & 
involves que/ions ( great intricacy     
respect+ ! developm5t ( m9d among ^?    
pagan nations :o are suppos$ to h       
produc$ high examples ( spiritual       
ideality1 ,i believe x w be bett] to    
delay su* inquiries until we h conclud$ 
our detail$ obs]vation ( ! beauty (     

visible nature2 & ,i %all !re=e at      
pres5t take notice only ( "o or two     
broad pr9ciples1 :i* 7 ref]r$ to1 or    
impli$1 9 ! *apt] respect+ ! human      
ideal1 & )\t ! enunciation ( :i*1 t     
*apt] might lead to false conclusions4  
,sec4 #b4 ,! conceivable modes (        
manife/ation ( ,spiritual ,be+s are     
f\r4  ,!re are f\r ways 9 :i* be+s      
sup]natural may be conceiv$ z manife/+  
!mselves to human s5se4 ,! fir/1 by     
ext]nal types1 signs1 or influ5ces2 z   
,god to ,moses 9 ! flames ( ! bu%1 & to 
,elijah 9 ! voice ( ,horeb4  ,! second1 
by ! assum+ ( a =m n prop]ly belong+ to 
!m2 z ! ,holy ,_s ( t ( a ,dove1 !      
second p]son ( ! ,tr9ity ( t ( a ,lamb2 
& s su* manife/ations1 "u angelic or o!r
 =m1 ( ! fir/ p]son ( ! ,tr9ity1 z seem 
to h be5 made to ,abraham1 ,moses1 &    
,ezekiel4  ,! ?ird1 by ! manife/ation ( 
a =m prop]ly belong+ to !m1 b n         
necess>ily se52 z ( ! ,ris5 ,*ri/ to 8  
disciples :5 ! doors 7 %ut4 ,& ! f\r?1  
by _! op]ation on ! human =m1 :i* !y    

influ5ce or inspire1 z 9 ! %9+ ( ! face 
( ,moses4   ,sec4 #c4 ,& ^! are 9 or    
?r\gh creature =ms famili> to u4  ,x is 
evid5t t 9 all ^! cases1 :]ev] !re is =m
 at all1 x is ! =m ( "s creature to u   
kn[n4 ,x is no new =m peculi> to _s nor 
c x be4 ,we c conceive ( none4 ,our     
inquiry is simply1 !re=e1 by :at        
modifications ^? creature =ms to u kn[n1
 z ( a lamb1 a bird1 or a human         
creature1 may be expla9$ z signs or     
habitations ( ,div9ity1 or ( angelic    
ess5ce1 & n creatures su* z !y seem4    
,sec4 #d4 ,sup]natural "* may be        
impress$ on ^! ei!r by        ph5om5a   
inconsi/5t ) _! common nature1 7comp>e  
*ap4        #d1 ,sec4 #af74  ,?is may be
 done 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 by effect+ "s  
*ange 9 ! appe>ance ( ! creature        
inconsi/5t ) its actual nature1 z by    
giv+ x colossal size1 or unnatural      
color1 or mat]ial1 z ( gold1 or silv]1  
or flame1 in/ead ( fle%1 or by tak+ away
 its prop]ty ( matt] altoge!r1 & =m+ x (
 light or %ade1 or 9 an int]m$iate /ep1 

( cl\d1 or vapor2 or expla9+ x by       
t]rible concomitant circum/ances1 z (   
w\nds 9 ! body1 or /range lights &      
seem+s r\nd ab\t x2 or by jo9+ ( two    
bodies toge!r z 9 angels' w+s4 ,( all   
:i* means ( atta9+ sup]natural "* 7:i*  
?\gh1 9 _! nature ord9>y & vulg>1 are   
yet effective & v glori\s 9 mighty h&s7 
we h already se5 ! limits 9 speak+ ( !  
imag9ation4   ,sec4 #e4 ,or by inh]5t   
,dignity4  ,b ! second means ( obta9+   
sup]natural "* is t ) :i* we are n[     
conc]n$1 namely1 reta9+ ! actual =m 9   
its full & mat]ial pres5ce1 & )\t aid f 
any ext]nal int]pretation :atsoev]1 to  
raise t =m by m]e inh]5t dignity to su* 
a pit* ( p[] & impressiv5ess z _c b     
ass]t & /amp x = sup]human4  ,on ! nor? 
side ( ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa1 are a  
s]ies ( pa9t+s f ! ,old ,te/am5t ,hi/ory
 by ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli4 ,9 ! e>li] ( ^!1  
angelic pres5ces1 m+l$ ) human1 occur   
frequ5tly1 illu/rat$ by no awfulness (  
light1 nor incorporeal trac+4 ,cle>     
reveal$ !y move1 9 human =ms1 9 ! broad 

daylight & on ! op5 e>?1 side by side1 &
 h& 9 h& ) m54 ,b !y nev] miss ( !      
angel4  ,he :o c d ?is has rea*$ ! la/  
p9nacle & utmo/ p[] ( ideal1 or any o!r 
art4 ,he /&s 9 no ne$ !nce=w>d1 ( cl\d1 
nor lightn+1 nor tempe/1 nor t]ror (    
my/]y4 ,8 sublime is indep5d5t ( !      
elem5ts4 ,x is ( t :i* %all /& :5 !y    
%all melt ) f]v5t heat1 & light !       
firmam5t :5 ! sun is z sackclo? ( hair4 
,sec4 #f4 #a/4 ,( ! expression (        
,inspiration4  ,let u consid] by :at    
means ?is has be5 effect$1 s f> z !y are
 by analysis traceable2 & t is n f>1 =  
"h1 z always1 we f9d t ! great] "p ( :at
 has be5 rightly accompli%$ has be5 done
 by fai? & int5se feel+1 & _c1 by aid ( 
any rules or tea*+1 be ei!r tri$1       
e/imat$1 or imitat$4  ,& fir/1 ( !      
expression ( sup]natural influ5ce on =ms
 actually human1 z ( sibyl or prophet4  
,x is evid5t t n only "h is x           
unnecess>y1 b we are n altoge!r at      
lib]ty to tru/ = expression to ! utmo/  
ennobl+ ( ! human =m3 = we _c d m ?an   

?is1 :5 t =m is to be ! actual          
repres5tation1 & n ! recipi5t ( div9e   
pres5ce4 ,h5ce1 9 ord] to reta9 ! actual
 humanity def9itely1 we mu/ leave ^u x  
su* signs ( ! op]ation ( s9 & !         
liability to dea? z are consi/5t ) human
 ideality1 & (t5 m ?an ^!1 def9ite signs
 ( imm$iate & active evil1 :5 !         
prophetic _s is to be express$ 9 m5 su* 
z 7 ,saul & ,balaam2 nei!r may we ev]1 )
 j discrim9ation1 t\* ! utmo/ limits (  
beauty 9 human =m :5 inspiration is to  
be express$1 & n angelic or div9e be+2 (
 :i* res]ve & subjection ! mo/          
in/ructive in/ances are f\nd 9 ! works (
 ,angelico1 :o inv>iably uses inf]ior   
types = ! features ( humanity1 ev5      
glorifi$1 7except+ always ! ,madonna17  
nor ev] ex]ts 8 full p[] ( beauty ei!r 9
 feature or expression1 except 9 angels 
or 9 ! ,madonna or 9 ,*ri/4 ,n[ !       
expression ( spiritual influ5ce )\t     
supreme elevation ( ! bodily type we h  
se5 to be a "w ( imag9ation p5etrative1 
& we f\nd x accompli%$ by ,mi*ael       

,angelo2 b ,i ?9k by him only4 ,i am    
aw>e ( no "o else :o1 to my m9d1 has    
express$ ! inspiration ( prophet or     
sibyl2 ?is1 h[ev]1 ,i affirm n1 b %all  
leave to ! det]m9ation ( ! read]1 z !   
pr9ciples at pres5t to be not$ ref]     
entirely to t elevation ( ! creature =m 
necess>y :5 x is actually repres5tative 
( a spiritual be+4  ,sec4 #g4 ,no       
repres5tation ( t :i* is m ?an creature 
is possible4   ,i h affirm$ 9 !         
conclusion ( ! fir/ section t ( t :i* is
 m ?an creature1 no creature ev]        
conceiv$4 ,i ?9k ?is almo/ self-evid5t1 
= x is cle> t ! illimitabl5ess ( ,div9e 
attributes _c be by matt] repres5t$1    
7?\gh x may be typefi$17 & ,i believe t 
all :o are acqua9t$ ) ! range ( sacr$   
art w admit1 n only t no repres5tation (
 ,*ri/ has ev] be5 ev5 p>tially         
successful1 b t ! greate/ pa9t]s fall   
!re9 bel[ _! accu/om$ level2 ,p]ug9o &  
,fra ,angelico especially2 ,leon>di has 
,i ?9k done be/1 b p]haps ! beauty ( !  
fragm5t left at ,milan1 7= 9 spite ( all

 t is said ( repa9t+ & de/ruction1 t    
,c5acolo is /ill ! f9e/ 9 exi/5ce7 is z 
mu* dep5d5t on ! v untraceabl5ess       
result+ f injury z on its orig9al       
p]fection4 ,( m d>+ attempts at         
repres5tation ( ,div9ity we ne$ n speak2
 only ?is is to be not$ respect+ !m1 t  
?\gh by ! ignorant ,romani/s _m su*     
ef=ts 7 made "u ! idea ( actual         
repres5tation1 7note ! way 9 :i* ,cell9i
 speaks ( ! seal made = ! ,pope17 by !  
nobl] among !m ,i suppose !y 7 int5d$1 &
 by u at any rate !y may always be      
receiv$1 z m]e symbols1 ! noble/ t c\ld 
be employ$1 b z mu* symbols /ill z a    
triangle1 or ! ,alpha & ,omega2 nor d ,i
 ?9k t ! mo/ scrupul\s among/ ,*ri/ians 
ought to desire to ex*ange ! p[] obta9$ 
by ! use ( ?is symbol 9 ,mi*ael         
,angelo's creation ( ,adam & ( ,eve = ! 
effect :i* w\ld be produc$ by !         
sub/itution ( a triangle or any o!r sign
 9 place ( x4 ,( ^! ef=ts !n we ne$     
reason no f>!r1 b may limit ourselves to
 consid]+ ! pure/ modes ( giv+ a        

conception ( sup]human b /ill creature  
=m1 z ( angels2 9 equal rank ) :om1     
p]haps1 we may )\t (f5ce place ! "m (   
,*ri/3 at lea/ we mu/ s reg>d ! type ( !
 ,madonna 9 receiv+ x f ,romani/        
pa9t]s4#ge   ,sec4 #h4 ,sup]natural "*  
express$ by modification ( accessories4 
,& fir/1 mu* is to be done by "r        
modification ( accessory circum/ances1 s
 z to express miracul\s p[] ex]cis$ ov] 
!m by ! spiritual creature4 ,!re is a   
beautiful in/ance ( ?is 9 ,john         
,bell9i's picture ( ,/4 ,j]ome at       
,v5ice4 ,! sa9t sits ^u a rock1 8 gr& =m
 def9$ aga9/ cle> gre5 op5 sky2 he is   
read+1 a noble tree spr+s out ( a cleft 
9 ! rock1 b5ds itself sudd5ly back to =m
 a re/ = ! volume1 !n %oots up into !   
sky4 ,!re is some?+ v beautiful 9 ?is   
ob$i5t m9i/ry ( ! l[] creature2 b be x  
obs]v$ t ! sweet feel+ ( ! :ole dep5ds  
^u ! s]vice be+ su* z is consi/5t ) its 
nature4 ,x is n animat$1 x does n li/5  
to ! sa9t1 nor b5d itself t[>ds him z if
 9 affection1 ?is w\ld h be5 m]e fancy1 

illegitimate & effectless4 ,b ! simple  
b5d ( ! trunk to receive ! book is      
miracul\s subjection ( ! true nature ( !
 tree2 x is !re=e imag9ative1 & v t\*+4 
,sec4 #i4 ,l&scape ( ! religi\s pa9t]s4 
,its "* is em95tly        symmetrical4  
,x is n (t5 h[ev] t ! religi\s pa9t]s   
ev5 g ?is l5g?2 !y cont5t !mselves      
usually ) impress+ on ! l&scape p]fect  
symmetry & ord]1 su* z may seem consi/5t
 )1 or induc$ by ! spiritual nature !y  
w\ld repres5t4 ,all signs ( decay1      
di/urbance1 & imp]fection1 are also     
bani%$2 & 9 do+ ?is x is evid5t t "s    
unnaturalness & s+ul>ity mu/ result1    
inasmu* z !re are no v]itable =ms (     
l&scape b express or imply a /ate (     
progression or ( imp]fection ,all m\nta9
 =ms are se5 to be produc$ by convulsion
 & modell$ by decay2 ! f9] =ms ( cl\d h 
/ories 9 !m ab\t /orm2 all =e/ gr\p+ is 
wr\ght out ) v>ieties ( /r5g? & gr[?    
among its sev]al memb]s1 & be>s evid5ces
 ( /ruggle ) unk9d influ5ces4 ,all su*  
appe>ances are bani%$ 9 ! sup]natural   

l&scape2 ! trees gr[ /raight1 equally   
bran*$ on ea* side1 & ( su* slight &    
fea!ry frame z %[s !m nev] to h enc\nt]$
 blight or fro/ or tempe/4 ,! m\nta9s /&
 up 9 fanta/ic p9nacles2 !re is on !m no
 trace ( torr5t1 no sca! ( lightn+2 no  
fall5 fragm5ts encumb] _! f\ndations1 no
 worn rav9es divide _! flanks2 ! seas   
are always waveless1 ! skies always     
calm1 cross$ only by fair1 horizontal1  
lightly wrea!d1 :ite cl\ds4   ,sec4 #aj4
 ,l&scape ( ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli4  ,9 "s    
cases ^! conditions result p>tly f      
feel+1 p>tly f ignorance ( ! facts (    
nature1 or incapability ( repres5t+ !m1 
z 9 ! fir/ type ( ! treatm5t f\nd 9     
,giotto & 8 s*ool2 9 o!rs !y are obs]v$ 
on pr9ciple1 z by ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli1     
,p]ug9o1 & ,raffaelle4 ,!re is a        
beautiful in/ance by ! =m] 9 ! frescoes 
( ! ,ric>di palace1 :]e beh9d ! ador+   
angel gr\ps ! l&scape is gov]n$ by ! mo/
 absolute symmetry2 roses &             
pomegranates1 _! leaves drawn to ! la/  
rib & ve91 tw9e !mselves 9 fair & p]fect

 ord] ab\t delicate trellises2 broad    
/one p9es & tall cypresses ov]%ad[ !m1  
bright birds hov] "h & !re 9 ! s]5e sky1
 & gr\ps ( angels1 h& jo9$ ) h&1 & w+ ) 
w+1 glide & float ?r\gh ! glades ( !    
un5tangl$ =e/4 ,b beh9d ! human figures1
 beh9d ! pomp & turbul5ce ( ! ,k+ly     
procession desc5d+ f ! di/ant hills ! _s
 ( ! l&scape is *ang$4 ,sev]] m\nta9s   
rise 9 ! di/ance1 rud] prom95ces & less 
fl[]y v>y ! ne>] gr\nd1 & gloomy %ad[s  
rema9 unbrok5 b5ea? ! =e/ bran*es4      
,sec4 #aa4 ,l&scape ( ,p]ug9o &         
,raffaelle4  ,! l&scape ( ,p]ug9o1 =    
grace1 purity & z mu* ( nature z is     
consi/5t ) ! above-nam$ conditions1 is  
unrivall$2 & ! m int]e/+ because 9 him  
c]ta9ly :atev] limits are set to ! r5d]+
 ( nature proce$ n f incapability4 ,!   
sea is 9 ! di/ance almo/ always1 !n "s  
blue promontories & undulat+ dewy p>k   
gr\nd1 /udd$ ) glitt]+ trees2 9 !       
l&scape ( ! fresco 9 ,/a4 ,m>ia         
,maddal5a at ,flor5ce !re is m v>iety   
?an is usual ) him2 a g5tle riv] w9ds   

r\nd ! bases ( rocky hills1 a riv] l our
 own ,wye or ,tees 9 _! lovelie/ rea*es2
 level mead[s /ret* away on its opposite
 side2 m\nds set ) sl5d]-/emm$ foliage  
occupy ! ne>] gr\nd1 a small village )  
its simple spire peeps f ! =e/ at ! b5d 
( ! valley1 & x is rem>kable t 9        
ar*itecture ?us employ$ nei!r ,p]ug9o   
nor any o!r ( ! ideal pa9t]s ev] use    
,italian =ms b always ,transalp9e1 bo? (
 *ur* & ca/le4 ,! little l&scape :i* =ms
 ! backgr\nd ( 8 own portrait 9 !       
,uffizii is ano!r highly f9i%$ &        
*>act]i/ic example4 ,! l&scape (        
,raffaelle 0 le>n$ f 8 fa!r1 & cont9u$ =
 "s "t little modifi$1 ?\gh express$ )  
great] ref9em5t4 ,x became aft]w>ds     
conv5tional & poor1 & 9 "s cases        
altoge!r mean+less4 ,! hay/acks & vulg> 
trees beh9d ! ,/4 ,cecilia at ,bologna  
=m a pa9ful contra/ to ! pure space (   
m\nta9 c\ntry 9 ! ,p]ug9o opposite4#gf  
,sec4 #ab4 ,su* ,l&scape is n to be     
imitat$4  ,9 all ^! cases1 :ile ,i w\ld 
uphold ! l&scape ?us employ$ & treat$1 z

 wor?y ( all admiration1 ,i %\ld be     
sorry to advance x = imitation4 ,:at is 
"r 9 its mann]ism arose f ke5 feel+ 9 ! 
pa9t]3 imitat$ )\t ! same feel+1 x w\ld 
be pa9ful2 ! only safe mode ( foll[+ 9  
su* /eps is to atta9 p]fect k ( nature  
h]self1 & !n to suff] our own feel+s to 
guide u 9 ! selection ( :at is fitt+ =  
any p>ticul> purpose4 ,e pa9t] ought to 
pa9t :at he himself loves1 n :at o!rs h 
lov$2 if 8 m9d be pure & sweetly ton$1  
:at he loves w be lovely2 if o!rwise1 no
 example c guide 8 selection1 no precept
 gov]n 8 h&2 & f>!r let x be di/9ctly   
obs]v$1 t all ?is mann]$ l&scape is only
 "r "u ! supposition ( its be+ a        
backgr\nd to "s sup]natural pres5ce2    
beh9d mortal be+s x w\ld be wrong1 & by 
itself1 z l&scape1 ridicul\s2 & f>!r1 ! 
*ief virtue ( x results f ! exquisite   
ref9em5t ( ^? natural details consi/5t )
 its "* f ! botanical draw+ ( ! fl[]s & 
! cle>ness & brightness ( ! sky4   ,sec4
 #ac4 ,color1 & ,decoration4 ,_! use 9  
repres5tations ( !         ,sup]natural4

  ,ano!r mode ( atta9+ sup]natural "* is
 by purity ( color almo/ %ad[less1 no m 
d>kness be+ all[$ ?an is absolutely     
necess>y = ! explanation ( ! =ms1 & !   
vividness ( ! effect enhanc$ z f> z may 
be by use ( gild+1 enamel1 & o!r        
jewell]y4 ,i ?9k ! small] works (       
,angelico are p]fect models 9 ?is       
respect2 ! glories ab\t ! heads be+ (   
beat5 rays ( gold1 on :i* ! light plays 
& *anges z ! spectator moves2 7& :i*    
!re=e ?r[ ! pure/ fle% color out 9 d>k  
relief7 & su* color & light be+ obta9$  
by ! enamell+ ( ! angel w+s z ( c\rse is
 utt]ly unatta9able by any o!r exp$i5t (
 art2 ! colors ( ! drap]ies always pure 
& pale2 blue1 rose1 or t5d] gre51 or    
br[n1 b nev] d>k or gloomy2 ! faces ( ! 
mo/ cele/ial fairness1 brightly flu%$3 !
 height & gl[ ( ?is flu% are notic$ by  
,con/ant9 z res]v$ by ! old] pa9t]s =   
spiritual be+s1 z if expressive ( light 
se5 ?r\gh ! body4  ,i _c ?9k x necess>y 
:ile ,i insi/ on ! value ( all ^!       
seem+ly *ildi% means :5 9 ! h&s ( a     

noble pa9t]1 to ass]t also _! futility &
 ev5 absurdity if employ$ by no exalt$  
p[]4 ,i ?9k ! error has commonly be5 on 
! side ( scorn1 & t we reject mu* 9 our 
fooli% vanity1 :i* if wis] & m e>ne/ we 
%\ld delight 94 ,b two po9ts x is v     
necess>y to note 9 ! use ( su*          
accessories4   ,sec4 #ad4 ,decoration s 
us$ mu/ be g5]ic4  ,! fir/ t ! ornam5ts 
us$ by ,angelico1 ,giotto1 & ,p]ug9o1 b 
especially by ,angelico1 are always ( a 
g5]ic & ab/ract "*4 ,!y are n diamonds1 
nor brocades1 nor velvets1 nor gold     
embroid]ies2 !y are m]e spots ( gold or 
( color1 simple patt]ns ^u textureless  
drap]ies2 ! angel w+s burn ) transp>5t  
crimson & purple & amb]1 b !y are n set 
=? ) peacock's plumes2 ! gold5 circlets 
gleam ) *angeful light1 b !y are n bead$
 ) elaborate pe>ls nor set ) /udi$      
sapphires4  ,9 ! works ( ,filipp9o      
,lippi1 ,mantegna1 & _m o!r pa9t]s      
foll[+1 int]e/+ examples may be f\nd ( !
 opposite treatm5t2 & z 9 ,lippi ! heads
 are usually v sweet1 & ! composition   

sev]e1 ! degrad+ effect ( ! realiz$     
decorations & imitat$ dress may be se5 9
 him simply1 & )\t any addition (       
pa9fulness f o!r defici5cies ( feel+4 ,!
 l>g] ( ! two pictures 9 ! ,tuscan room 
( ! ,uffizii1 b = ?is defect1 w\ld h be5
 a v noble ideal "w4   ,sec4 #ae4 ,&    
color pure4  ,! second po9t to be obs]v$
 is t brightness ( color is altoge!r    
inadmissible )\t purity & h>mony2 & t ! 
sacr$ pa9t]s mu/ n be foll[$ 9 _!       
frankness ( un%ad[$ color unless we c   
also foll[ !m 9 its cle>ness4 ,z f> z ,i
 am acqua9t$ ) ! mod]n s*ools ( ,g]many1
 !y seem to be entirely ignorant ( !    
value ( color z an assi/ant ( feel+1 &  
to ?9k t h>dness1 dryness1 & opacity are
 its virtues z employ$ 9 religi\s art2  
:]eas ,i hesitate n to affirm t 9 su*   
art m ?an 9 any o!r1 cle>ness1          
lum9\sness & int5sity ( hue are ess5tial
 to "r impression2 & f ! walls ( ! ,ar5a
 *apel 9 _! ra9b[ play ( brilliant      
h>monies1 to ! solemn purple tones (    
,p]ug9o's fresco 9 ! ,albizzi palace1 ,i

 "k n any great "w ( sacr$ art :i* is n 
z preci\s 9 color z 9 all o!r qualities 
7unless inde$ x be a ,crucifixion ( ,fra
 ,angelico 9 ! ,flor5ce ,academy1 :i*   
has j be5 glaz$ & pumic$ & pa9t$ &      
v>ni%$ by ! picture-clean]s until x     
gl>es f "o end ( ! picture gall]y to !  
o!r27 only ! pure :ite light & delicate 
hue ( ! ideali/s1 ^: colors are by      
pref]5ce su* z we h se5 to be ! mo/     
beautiful 9 ! *apt] on ,purity are      
c>efully to be di/+ui%$ f ! gold5 light 
& deep pit*$ hue ( ! s*ool ( ,titian ^: 
virtue is ! gr&eur ( e>?ly solemnity1 n 
! glory ( heav5ly rejoic+4   ,sec4 #af4 
,ideal =m ( ! body itself1 ( :at v>iety 
susceptible4  ,b leav+ ^! accessory     
circum/ances & t\*+ ! treatm5t ( !      
bodily =m1 x is evid5t 9 ! fir/ place t 
:atev] typical beauty ! human body is   
capable ( possess+ mu/ be be/[$ ^u x :5 
x is und]/ood z spiritual4 ,& !re=e ^?  
g5]al proportions & types :i* are       
d$ucible f comp>ison ( ! nobl]          
individuals ( ! race1 mu/ be adopt$ &   

adh]$ to2 admitt+ among !m n1 z 9 !     
human ideal1 su* v>ieties z result f pa/
 suff]+1 or conte/ ) s91 b su* only z   
are consi/5t ) s9less nature or are !   
signs ( in/antly or cont9ually op]ative 
affections2 = ?\gh x is conceivable t _s
 %\ld suff]1 x is inconceivable t       
spiritual frame %\ld reta9 l ! /amp$    
inela/ic human clay1 ! br& ( sorr[ pa/1 
unless fall54                           
,8 face1                ,deep sc>s (    
?und] _h entr5*$1 & c>e                 
,sat on 8 fad$ *eek4  ,yet s f> =? !    
angelic ideal is dim9i%$1 nor c\ld ?is  
be suff]$ 9 pictorial repres5tation4    
,sec4 #ag4 ,anatomical developm5t h[ f> 
admissible4  ,aga91 su* muscul>         
developm5t z is necess>y to ! p]fect    
beauty ( ! body1 is to be r5d]$4 ,b t   
:i* is necess>y to /r5g?1 or :i* appe>s 
to h be5 ! result ( labori\s ex]cise1 is
 inadmissible4 ,no h]culean =m is       
spiritual1 = x is degrad+ ! spiritual   
creature to suppose x op]ative ?r\gh    
impulse ( bone & s9ew2 its p[] is       

immat]ial & con/ant1 nei!r dep5d5t on1  
nor develop$ by ex]tion4 ,g5]ally1 x is 
well to conceal anatomical developm5t z 
f> z may be2 ev5 ,mi*ael ,angelo's      
anatomy int]f]es ) 8 div9ity2 9 ! h&s ( 
l[] m5 ! angel becomes a prep>ation4 ,h[
 f> x is possible to subdue or g5]alize 
! nak$ =m ,i v5ture n to affirm1 b ,i   
believe t x is be/ to conceal x z f> z  
may be1 n ) drap]ies light & undulat+1 t
 fall 9 )1 & exhibit its pr9cipal l9es1 
b ) drap]ies sev]e & l9e>1 su* z 7      
con/antly employ$ be=e ! "t (           
,raffaelle4 ,i recollect no s+le in/ance
 ( a nak$ angel t does n look boylike or
 *ild-l1 & unspiritualiz$2 ev5 ,fra     
,b>tolomeo's might ) advantage be sp>$ f
 ! pictures at ,lucca1 &1 9 ! h&s (     
inf]ior m51 ! sky is m]ely encumb]$ )   
sprawl+ infants2 ^? ( ,dom5i*9o 9 !     
,madonna del ,ros>io1 & ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 
,agnes1 are peculi>ly (f5sive1 /udies ( 
b>e-legg$ *ildr5 h[l+ & kick+ 9 volumes 
( smoke4 ,confusion seems to exi/ 9 !   
m9ds ( subsequ5t pa9t]s betwe5 ,angels &

 ,cupids4   ,sec4 #ah4 ,symmetry4 ,h[   
valuable4  ,f>!r1 ! qualities ( symmetry
 & repose are ( peculi> value 9         
spiritual =m4 ,we f9d ! =m] mo/ e>ne/ly 
s\ght by all ! great pa9t]s 9 !         
arrangem5t ( ! hair1 :]e9 no loosely    
fl[+ nor v>i$ =m is admitt$1 b all      
re/ra9$ 9 undi/urb$ & equal r+lets2 (t51
 z 9 ! infant ,*ri/ ( ,fra ,angelico1   
support$ on ! =ehead 9 =ms (            
sculpturesque sev]ity4 ,! ,angel (      
,masaccio1 9 ! ,deliv]ance ( ,pet]1 gr& 
bo? 9 c\nt5ance & motion1 loses mu* ( 8 
spirituality because ! pa9t] has put a  
little too mu* ( 8 own "* into ! hair1 &
 left x disord]$4   ,sec4 #ai4 ,!       
influ5ce ( ,greek art1 h[ dang]\s4      
,sec4 #bj4 ,its scope1 h[ limit$4  ,(   
repose1 & its exalt+ p[]1 ,i h already  
said en\gh = our pres5t purpose1 ?\gh ,i
 h n insi/$ on ! peculi> manife/ation ( 
x 9 ! ,*ri/ian ideal z oppos$ to !      
pagan4 ,b ?is1 z well z o!r que/ions    
relat+ to ! p>ticul> developm5t ( !     
,greek m9d1 is =eign to ! imm$iate      

inquiry1 :i* !re=e ,i %all "h conclude 9
 ! hope ( resum+ x 9 detail aft] exam9+ 
! laws ( beauty 9 ! inanimate creation2 
always1 h[ev]1 hold+ ?is = c]ta91 t (   
:atev] k9d or degree ! %ort com+ may be1
 x is n possible b t %ort com+ %\ld be  
visible 9 e pagan conception1 :5 set    
beside ,*ri/ian2 & believ+1 = my own "p1
 t !re is n only defici5cy1 b su*       
diff]5ce 9 k9d z mu/ make all ,greek    
conception full ( dang] to ! /ud5t 9    
proportion to 8 admiration ( x2 z ,i ?9k
 has be5 fatally se5 9 its effect on !  
,italian s*ools1 :5 its p]nici\s elem5t 
fir/ m+l$ ) _! solemn purity1 & rec5tly 
9 its influ5ce on ! ,fr5* hi/orical     
pa9t]s3 nei!r c ,i f my pres5t k fix ^u 
an anci5t /atue :i* expresses by !      
c\nt5ance any "o elevat$ "* ( s\l1 or   
any s+le en?usia/ic self-ab&on+         
affection1 mu* less any su* maje/y (    
feel+ z might m>k ! features =          
sup]natural4 ,! ,greek c\ld n conceive a
 _s2 he c\ld d no?+ )\t limbs2 8 god is 
a f9ite god1 talk+1 pursu+1 & go+       

j\rneys2#gg if at any "t he 0 t\*$ ) a  
true feel+ ( ! unse5 p[]s ar\nd him1 x 0
 9 ! field ( pois$ battle1 = !re is     
some?+ 9 ! ne> com+ ( ! %ad[ ( dea?1    
some?+ 9 ! devot$ fulfilm5t ( mortal    
duty1 t reveals ! real ,god1 ?\gh d>kly2
 t pause on ! field ( ,plataea 0 n "o ( 
va9 sup]/ition2 ! two :ite figures t    
blaz$ along ! ,delphic pla91 :5 !       
e>?quake & ! fire l$ ! *>ge f ,olympus1 
7 m ?an sunbeams on ! battle du/2 !     
sacr$ cl\d1 ) its lance light & triumph 
s++1 t w5t d[n to brood ov] ! ma/s (    
,salamis1 0 m ?an morn+ mi/ among !     
olives2 & yet :at 7 ! ,greek's ?\ghts ( 
8 god ( battle8 ,no _s p[] 0 9 ! vision2
 x 0 a be+ ( clay /r5g? & human passion1
 f\l1 fi]ce1 & *angeful2 ( p5etrable    
arms & vuln]able fle%4 ,ga!r :at we may 
( great1 f pagan *isel or pagan dream1 &
 set x beside ! ord]] ( ,*ri/ian w>f>e1 
,mi*ael ! ,ar*angel3 n ,milton's )      
ho/ile br[ & visage all inflam$1 n ev5  
,milton's 9 k+ly tread+ ( ! hills (     
,p>adise1 n ,raffaelle's ) ! exp&$ w+s &

 br&i%$ spe>1 b ,p]ug9o's ) 8 triple    
cre/ ( traceless plume un%ak5 9 heav51 8
 h& fall5 on 8 crosslet$ sword1 ! tru?  
girdle b9d+ 8 und9t$ armor2 ,god has put
 8 p[] ^u him1 resi/less radiance is on 
8 limbs1 no l9es are !re ( e>?ly /r5g?1 
no trace on ! div9e features ( e>?ly    
ang]2 tru/ful & ?\ghtful1 fe>less1 b    
full ( love1 incapable except ( ! repose
 ( et]nal conque/1 vessel & in/rum5t (  
,omnipot5ce1 fill$ l a cl\d ) ! victor  
light1 ! du/ ( pr9cipalities & p[]s     
b5ea? 8 feet1 ! murmur ( hell aga9/ him 
he>d by 8 spiritual e> l ! w9d+ ( a %ell
 on ! f>-(f sea-%ore4   ,sec4 #ba4      
,conclusion4  ,x is va9 to attempt to   
pursue ! comp>ison2 ! two ord]s ( art h 
9 !m no?+ common1 & ! field ( sacr$     
hi/ory1 ! int5t & scope ( ,*ri/ian      
feel+1 are too wide & exalt$ to admit ( 
! juxtaposition ( any o!r sph]e or ord] 
( conception2 !y embrace all o!r fields 
l ! dome ( heav54 ,) :at comp>ison %all 
we comp>e ! types ( ! m>tyr sa9ts1 ! ,/4
 ,/eph5 ( ,fra ,b>tolomeo1 ) 8 calm     

=ehead cr[n$ by ! /ony diadem1 or ! ,/4 
,ca!r9e ( ,raffaelle look+ up to heav5 9
 ! dawn ( ! et]nal day1 ) h] lips p>t$ 9
 ! re/+ f h] pa98 or ) :at ! ,madonnas (
 ,francia & ,p9turic*io1 9 :om ! hues ( 
! morn+ & ! solemnity ( ! eve1 !        
gladness 9 accompli%$ promise1 & sorr[ (
 ! sword-pi]c$ he>t1 are ga!r$ into "o  
human lamp ( ineffable love8 or ) :at ! 
angel *oirs ( ,angelico1 ) ! flames on  
_! :ite =eheads wav+ bright] z !y move1 
& ! sp>kles /ream+ f _! purple w+s l !  
glitt] ( _m suns ^u a s\nd+ sea1 li/5+1 
9 ! pauses ( alt]nate song1 = ! prolong+
 ( ! trumpet bla/1 & ! answ]+ ( psalt]y 
& cymbal1 ?r\gh\t ! endless deep & f all
 ! /> %ores ( heav58   ,,footnotes      
#ge ,i take no note ( ! repres5tation ( 
evil spirits1 s9ce     ?r\gh\t we h be5 
occupi$ 9 ! pursuit ( beauty2 b x       
may be obs]v$ g5]ally t !re is great    
difficulty to be     ov]come 9 attempts 
( ?is k9d1 because ! elevation ( ! =m   
necess>y to give x spirituality de/roys 
! appe>ance ( evil2     h5ce ev5 !      

greate/ pa9t]s h be5 r$uc$ to receive   
aid     f ! fancy1 & to eke out all !y  
c\ld conceive ( malignity     by help ( 
horns1 ho(s1 & claws4 ,giotto's ,satan 9
 ! ,campo     ,santo1 ) ! s]p5t gnaw+ ! 
he>t1 is f9e2 s _m ( !     fi5ds (      
,orcagna1 & always ^? ( ,mi*ael ,angelo4
 ,t9toret 9     ! ,temptation1 ) 8 usual
 tru? ( inv5tion1 has repres5t$     !   
evil _s "u ! =m ( a fair angel1 ! w+s   
burn+     ) crimson & silv]1 ! face     
s5sual & trea*]\s4 ,x is     in/ructive 
to comp>e ! results ( imag9ation        
associat$ )     p[]ful fancy 9 ! demons 
( ^! great pa9t]s1 or ev5 9     su*     
nightm>es z t ( ,salvator already spok5 
(1 ,sect4 ,i4     ,*ap4 ,v4 ,sec4 #ab   
7note17 ) ! simple ugl9ess ( idiotic    
di/ortion     9 ! mean+less t]rorless   
mon/]s ( ,bronz9o 9 ! l>ge     picture (
 ! ,uffizii1 :]e ! pa9t]1 utt]ly        
un9v5tive1     hav+ assembl$ all t is   
abom9able ( hang+ fle%1 bony     limbs1 
crane necks1 />+ eyes1 & /raggl+ hair1  
_c yet by     ! sum & sub/ance ( all    

obta9 z mu* real fe>fulness z an        
imag9ative pa9t] c\ld ?r[ into ! turn ( 
a lip or !     knitt+ ( a br[4    #gf ,i
 h n ?\ght x necess>y to give f>!r      
in/ances at     pres5t1 s9ce ,i purpose 
h]eaft] to give num]\s examples ( ?is   
k9d ( ideal l&scape4 ,( true & noble    
l&scape1 z su*1 ,i am     aw>e ( no     
in/ances except :]e lea/ !y might h be5 
expect$1 among ! sea-br$ ,v5etians4     
,ghirl&ajo %[s ke51     ?\gh prosaic1   
s5se ( nature 9 t view ( ,v5ice beh9d an
     ,adoration ( ,magi 9 ! ,uffizii1 b 
he at la/ wall$ himself up     among    
gild$ entablatures4 ,masaccio inde$ has 
giv5 "o gr&     example 9 ! fresco ( !  
,tribute ,money1 b its color is n[      
ne>ly lo/4    #gg ,i "k n any?+ 9 !     
range ( art m unspiritual ?an     !     
,apollo ,belvid]e2 ! rais+ ( ! f+]s ( ! 
"r h&     9 surprise at ! tru? ( ! arr[ 
is altoge!r human1 & w\ld     be vulg> 9
 a pr9ce1 mu* m 9 a deity4 ,! s&als     
de/roy !     div9ity ( ! foot1 & ! lip  
is curl$ ) mortal passion4              

,,add5da4   ,al?\gh ! plan ( ! pres5t   
portion ( ?is "w does n admit ( p>ticul>
 criticism1 x w nei!r be useless nor    
irrelevant to ref] to "o or two works1  
lately be=e ! public1 9 ! ,exhibitions (
 ! ,royal ,academy1 :i* ei!r illu/rate1 
or pres5t exceptions to1 any ( ! prec$+ 
/atem5ts4 ,i w\ld fir/ m5tion1 ) ref]5ce
 to :at has be5 advanc$ respect+ !      
functions ( ,associative ,imag9ation1 ! 
v important "w ( ,mr4 ,l9nell1 ! ,eve ( 
! ,deluge2 a picture upheld by its      
admir]s 7& ^! 7 "s ( ! mo/ intellig5t   
judges ( ! day7 = a "w ( consummate     
imag9ative p[]2 :ile x 0 pron\nc$ by !  
public j\rnals to be a *aos ( unconcoct$
 color4 ,if ! writ]s = ! press _h be5   
aw>e ( ! k9d ( /udy pursu$ by ,mr4      
,l9nell ?r\gh _m labori\s ye>s1         
*>act]iz$ by an obs]vance ( nature      
scrupul\sly & m9utely pati5t1 direct$ by
 ! deepe/ s5sibility1 & aid$ by a p[] ( 
draw+ almo/ too ref9$ = l&scape         
subjects1 & only to be und]/ood by      
ref]5ce to 8 engrav+s aft] ,mi*ael      

,angelo1 !y w\ld h felt x to be unlikely
 t ! "w ( su* a man %\ld be entirely    
undes]v+ ( respect4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !     
gr\nds ( its praise 7 un=tunately *os52 
=1 ?\gh possess+ _m m]its1 x _h no claim
 :atev] to be rank$ among productions ( 
,creative art4 ,x w\ld p]haps be        
difficult to po9t to a "w s exalt$ 9    
feel+1 & s defici5t 9 inv5tion4 ,! sky  
_h be5 /rictly tak5 f nature1 ?is 0     
evid5t at a glance2 & z a /udy ( sky x 0
 e way noble4 ,to ! purpose ( ! picture 
x h>dly contribut$2 its sublimity 0 t ( 
spl5dor1 n ( t]ror2 & its d>kness t (   
retreat+1 n ( ga!r+1 /orm4 ,! features (
 ! l&scape 7 devoid alike ( v>iety &    
probability2 ! division ( ! sc5e by !   
c5tral valley & w9d+ riv] at once       
!atrical & commonplace2 & ! =egr\nd1 on 
:i* ! light 0 int5se1 alike devoid (    
dignity 9 arrangem5t1 & ( int]e/ 9      
detail4  ,! fals5ess or defici5cy (     
color 9 ! works ( ,mr4 ,l&se] has be5   
rem>k$ above4 ,! writ] has mu* pleasure 
9 notic+ a v beautiful exception 9 !    

picture ( ! ,r&om ,%ot1 c]ta9ly ! mo/   
successful r5d]+ he has ev] se5 ( ! hue 
( sn[ "u w>m b subdu$ light4 ,! subtlety
 ( gradation f ! portions ( ! wrea?     
fully illum9$1 to ^? :i*1 feebly t+$ by 
! horizontal rays1 swell$ into a dome ( 
dim purple1 d>k aga9/ ! gre5 ev5+ sky2 !
 tru? ( ! blue %ad[s1 ) :i* ?is dome 0  
b>r$1 & ! dep? ( delicate color out (   
:i* ! lights ^u ! footpr9ts 7 rais$1    
des]v$ ! mo/ e>ne/ & s]i\s admiration2  
prov+1 at ! same "t1 t ! errors 9 color1
 s frequ5tly to be regrett$ 9 ! works ( 
! pa9t]1 are ! result r ( inatt5tion ?an
 ( feeble p]ception4 ,a curi\s pro( (   
?is inatt5tion occurs 9 ! disposition ( 
! %ad[s 9 ! backgr\nd ( ! ,old ,cov]    
,hack1 ,no4 #bbi4 ,"o ( its po9ts (     
light is on ! ru/y iron h&le ( a pump1 9
 ! %ape ( an ,s4 ,! sun /rikes ! great] 
"p ( its l5g?1 illum9at+ ! p]p5dicul>   
portion ( ! curve2 yet %ad[ is only ca/ 
on ! wall beh9d by ! return+ portion ( !
 l[] extremity4 ,a smile may be excit$  
by ! notice ( s trivial a circum/ance2 b

 ! simplicity ( ! error r5d]s x ! m     
rem>kable1 & ! great ma/]s ( *i>oscuro  
are accurate 9 all su* m9or po9ts2 a    
vague s5se ( great] tru? results f ?is  
correctness1 ev5 :5 x is n 9 p>ticul>s  
analyz$ or not$ by ! obs]v]4 ,9 ! small 
b v valuable ,paul ,pott] 9 ,"l         
,we/m9/]'s collection1 ! body ( "o ( !  
%eep "u ! h$ge is = ! mo/ "p 9 %ad[1 b !
 sunlight t\*es ! extremity ( ! back4 ,!
 sun is l[1 & ! %ad[s feeble & di/ort$2 
yet t ( ! sunlight$ fleece is ca/       
exactly 9 its true place & proportion   
beyond t ( ! h$ge4 ,! spectator may n   
obs]ve ?is2 yet1 unobs]v$1 x is "o ( !  
circum/ances :i* make him feel ! picture
 to be full ( sun%9e4  ,z an example (  
p]fect color1 & ( ! mo/ ref9$ h&l+ ev]  
p]haps exhibit$ 9 animal pa9t+1 !       
,but*]'s ,dog 9 ! corn] ( ,mr4          
,mulready's ,butt1 ,no4 #afj1 des]v$ a  
:ole room ( ! ,academy to himself4 ,?is1
 ) ! spaniel 9 ! ,*oos+ ! ,w$d+ ,g[n1 & 
! two dogs 9 ! hayfield subject         
7,bur*ell & ,sophia71 displays p]haps ! 

mo/ wond]ful1 because ! mo/ dignifi$1   
f9i% 9 ! expression ( anatomy & cov]+--(
 muscle & hide at once1 & assur$ly ! mo/
 p]fect unity ( draw+ & color1 :i* !    
entire range ( anci5t & mod]n art c     
exhibit4 ,alb]t ,dur] is inde$ ! only   
rival :o might be sugge/$2 &1 ?\gh      
great] f> 9 imag9ation1 & equal 9       
draughtsman%ip1 ,alb]t ,dur] 0 less true
 & less delicate 9 hue4 ,9 sculpturesque
 arrangem5t bo? ma/]s %[ ! same degree (
 feel+3 any ( ^! dogs ( ,mulready might 
be tak5 out ( ! canvas & cut 9 alaba/]1 
or1 p]haps bett]1 /ruck ^u a co94 ,e    
lock & l9e ( ! hair has be5 gr\p$ z x is
 on a ,greek die2 & if ?is n always )\t 
"s loss ( ease & ( action1 yet ?is v    
loss is ennobl+1 9 a p]iod :5 all is    
g5]ally sacrific$ to ! great coxcombry (
 art1 ! affectation ( ease4  ,yet ,mr4  
,mulready himself is n always free f    
affectation ( "s k9d2 mann]ism1 at lea/1
 !re is 9 8 treatm5t ( tree trunks4 ,!re
 is a gha/l9ess ab\t 8 labor$ anatomies 
( !m1 z well z a want ( specific "*4 ,:y

 ne$ !y be always flay$8 ,! hide ( a    
bee* tree1 or ( a bir* or fir1 is ne>ly 
z fair a ?+ z an animal's2 glossy z a   
dove's neck b>r$ ) black l a zebra1 or  
gl[+ 9 purple grey & velvet br[n l furry
 cattle 9 sunset4 ,:y n pa9t ^! z ,mr4  
,mulready pa9ts o!r ?+s1 z !y are8 ,t   
simple/1 t deepe/ ( all secrets1 :i*    
gives su* maje/y to ! ragg$ leaves ab\t 
! edges ( ! pond 9 ! ,gravel-pit4 7,no4 
#abe471 & imp>ts a /range int]e/ to !   
grey ragg$ ur*9s disappe>+ beh9d ! bank1
 t bank s l[1 s famili>1 s sublime6 ,:at
 a contra/ betwe5 ! deep s5tim5t ( t    
commone/ ( all common1 homelie/ ( all   
homely1 subjects1 & ! lo/ s5tim5t ( ,mr4
 ,/anfield's ,amalfi ! *ief l&scape ( ! 
ye>1 full ( exalt$ mat]ial1 & mighty    
crags1 & massy seas1 grottoes1          
precipices1 & conv5ts1 =tress-t[]s &    
cl\d-capp$ m\nta9s1 & all 9 va91 m]ely  
because t same simple secret has be5    
despis$2 because no?+ !re is pa9t$ z x  
is6 ,! picture 0 a mo/ s+ul> example ( !
 sc5ic assemblage ( contradictory !me   

:i* is *>act]i/ic ( ,picturesque1 z     
oppos$ to ,poetical1 composition4 ,!    
l9es *os5 f ,rog]s = a titul> leg5d 7   
full ( summ]1 gl[+ ) gold5 light1 & ton$
 ) quiet melan*oly3                     
,to him :o sails             ,"u ! %ore1
 a few :ite villages1                   
,scatt]$ above1 bel[1 "s 9 ! cl\ds1     
,"s on ! m>g9 ( ! d>k blue sea1         
,& glitt]+ ?ro' _! lemon groves1 ann\nce
             ,! region ( ,amalfi4 ,!n1  
half-fall51             ,a lonely       
wat*-t[] on ! precipice1             ,_!
 anci5t l&m>k1 comes--long may x la/6   
,& to ! seaman1 9 a di/ant age1         
,?\gh n[ he little ?9ks h[ l>ge 8 debt1 
,s]ve = _! monum5t4  ,prep>$ by ^! l9es 
= a dream ^u deep1 calm wat]s1 "u ! %ad[
 & sc5t ( ! close lemon leaves1 !       
spectator f\nd himself plac$ by ! pa9t]1
 wet ?r\gh1 9 a noisy fi%+ boat1 on a   
spla%+ sea1 ) j z mu* on 8 h&s z he c\ld
 manage to keep h] gunwale f be+ /ove 9 
aga9/ a black rock2 & ) a heavy grey    
squall to w9dw>d4 7,?is squall1 by ! by1

 0 ! v same :i* appe>$ 9 ! picture ( !  
,magra ( #ahdg1 & s 7 ! sn[y m\nta9s    
above2 only ! squall at ,amalfi ent]$ on
 ! left1 & at ! ,magra on ! "r47 ,n[ !  
sc5]y ( ,amalfi is impressive alike 9   
/orm or calm1 & ! writ] has se5 !       
,m$it]ranean z maje/ic & z s\!rn-look+ 9
 its rage z 9 its re/4 ,b x is treat+   
bo? ! gre5 wat] & woods unfairly to     
de/roy _! peace )\t express+ _! p[]2 &  
)draw f !m _! sadness & _! sun1 )\t !   
sub/itution ( any effect m t]rific ?an t
 ( a squall at ! ,nore4 ,! sn[ on !     
di/ant m\nta9s *ill$ :at x c\ld n       
elevate1 & 0 untrue to ! sc5e besides2  
!re is no sn[ on ! ,monte ,/4 ,angelo 9 
summ] except :at is kept = ! ,neapolitan
 confection]s4 ,! great m]it ( ! picture
 0 its rock-pa9t+2 too good to h requir$
 ! aid ( ! exagg]ation ( =ms :i* satiat$
 ! eye ?r\gh\t ! composition4  ,mr4 ,f4 
,r4 ,pick]sgill's ,conte/ ( ,beauty     
7,no4 #eae471 & ,mr4 ,uw9s's ,v9ey>d    
,sc5e 9 ! ,s\? ( ,france1 71 aft] ,mr4  
,mulready's works1 among ! mo/ int]e/+  

pieces ( color 9 ! ,exhibition4 ,! =m]1 
v ri* & sweet 9 its h>monies1 &         
especially happy 9 its contra/s ( light 
& d>k armor2 nor less 9 ! fancy ( !     
little ,love :o1 los+ 8 hold ( ! orange 
b\ghs1 0 fall+ ignom9i\sly )\t hav+ "t  
to op5 8 w+s4 ,! latt] 0 a curi\s       
example ( :at ,i h describ$ z ab/raction
 ( color4 ,/rictly true or possible x 0 
n2 a v9tage is usually a du/y &         
dim-look+ proc$ure2 b !re 7 poetry &    
feel+ 9 ,mr4 ,uw9s's idealization ( !   
sombre black ( ! v]itable grape into a  
lusci\s ultram>9e purple1 gl[+ among !  
gre5 leaves l s mu* pa9t$ glass4 ,!     
figures 7 bright & graceful 9 ! extreme 
& mo/ happily gr\p$4 ,little else t c\ld
 be call$ color 0 to be se5 ^u ! walls (
 ! ,exhibition1 ) ! exception ( ! small]
 works ( ,mr4 ,etty4 ,( ^!1 ! s+le head1
 ,morn+ ,pray]1 7,no4 #be471 & ! ,/ill  
,life 7,no4 #gc471 des]v$1 all[+ = _!   
peculi> aim1 ! highe/ praise4 ,! l>g]   
subjects1 m especially ! ,/4 ,john1 7   
want+ 9 ! m]its peculi> to ! pa9t]2 & 9 

o!r respects x is alike pa9ful & useless
 to allude to !m4 ,a v important &      
valuable "w ( ,mr4 ,h>d+ 0 plac$1 z     
usual1 :]e its m]its c\ld be b ill se51 
& :]e its *ief fault1 a feebl5ess (     
color 9 ! pr9cipal light on ! di/ant    
hills1 0 app>5t4 ,x 0 "o ( ! v few views
 ( ! ye> :i* 7 transcripts1 ne>ly )\t   
exagg]ation1 ( ! features ( !           
localities4  ,among ! less conspicu\s   
l&scapes1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,dighton's ,hay  
,mead[ ,corn] des]v$ especial notice2 x 
0 at once vigor\s1 fre%1 fai?ful1 &     
unpret5d+1 ! managem5t ( ! di/ance mo/  
+5i\s1 & ! pa9t+ ( ! =egr\nd1 ) ! s+le  
exception ( ,mr4 ,mulready's above      
notic$1 unque/ionably ! be/ 9 ! room4 ,i
 h be=e _h occasion to notice a picture 
by ?is arti/1 ,a ,hayfield 9 a ,%[]1    
exhibit$ 9 ! ,briti% ,in/itution 9      
#ahdg1 & ?is ye> 7#ahdh7 9 ! ,scotti%   
,academy1 ^: sky1 9 qualities ( ra9y1   
%att]$1 transp>5t grey1 ,i h seldom se5 
equall$2 nor ! mi/ ( its di/ance1       
expressive alike ( previ\s heat & pres5t

 heat ( ra94 ,i look ) mu* int]e/ = o!r 
works by ?is pa9t]4  ,a hurri$ visit to 
,scotl& 9 ! spr+ ( ?is ye>1 :ile x      
enables ! writ] to ackn[l$ge ! ardor &  
g5ius manife/$ 9 v _m ( ! works exhibit$
 9 ! ,scotti% ,academy1 _c be consid]$ z
 furni%+ him ) suffici5t gr\nds =       
specific criticism4 ,he _c1 h[ev]1 err 9
 te/ify+ 8 concurr5ce 9 ! op9ion        
express$ to him by sev]al ( ! mo/       
di/+ui%$ memb]s ( t ,academy1 respect+ !
 s+ul> m]it ( ! works ( ,mr4 ,h4        
,drummond4 ,a cab9et picture ( ,b&itti  
on ! ,wat*1 appe>$ to him "o ( ! mo/    
ma/]ly1 unaffect$1 & /]l+ pieces ( quiet
 pa9t+ he has ev] se5 f ! h& ( a liv+   
arti/2 & ! o!r works ( ,mr4 ,drummond 7 
alike rem>kable = _! manly & e>ne/ f9i%1
 & _! sweetness ( feel+4         99     
99       99       99       99           
,,corrections ,,made ,,to ,,! ,,orig9al 
,,text4  ,page #ih3 ':]e9 ! sup]ioity'  
correct$ to sup]iority4  ,page #abi3    
',conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>ks' correct$ to m>k's 
,page #aei3 '_h n be5 hoplessly'        

correct$ to hopelessly4  ,page #bah3 '9 
! l&scape ( ! fresco 9 ,/a4' orig9ally  
,sta4  ,page #bbf3 'alike devoid (      
dignity 9 arrangem5t' orig9ally         
arrangem5  ,footnote #dj3 ',de la       
,poesie ,*reti5ne'1 acc5t$ to be 9      
accordance                 ) text4