,,! ,,humani/s' ,,libr>y ,edit$ by ,lewis ,e9/e9 ,i ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,art ,,& ,,life ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,art ,,& ,,life ,,by ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci ,translat$ by ,,maurice ,,b>+ ,bo/on ,! ,m]rym\nt ,press #aijf ,copyright1 #aijf1 by ,d4 ,b4 ,updike ,a ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,introduction ix ,i4 ,?\ghts on ,life #c ,,ii4 ,?\ghts on ,art #ei ,,iii4 ,?\ghts on ,sci5ce #ada ,,iv4 ,bibliographical ,note #aic ,v4 ,table ( ,ref]5ces #aid ix ,,introduction 99 99 99 ,! long obscurity ( ! ,d>k ,ages lift$ ov] ,italy1 awak5+ to a national ?\gh a divid$ consci\sness4 ,already two di/9ct t5d5cies 7 app>5t4 ,! practical & rational1 on ! "o h&1 0 soon to be outw>dly reflect$ 9 ! burgh]-life ( ,flor5ce & ! ,lomb>d cities1 :ile at ,rome x _h ev5 !n creat$ ! civil organization ( ! curia4 ,! novella 0 its lit]>y triumph4 ,9 art x express$ itself simply1 directly & ) vig\r4 ,oppos$ to ?is 0 ! o!r great und]curr5t 9 ,italian life1 my/ical1 religi\s & speculative1 :i* _h run ?r\gh ! nation f ! e>lie/ times1 & receiv$ fre% volume f m$iaeval ,*ri/ianity1 enc\rag+ ec/atic my/icism to drive to fr5zy ! population ( its m\nta9 cities4 ,umbrian pa9t+ is inspir$ by x1 & ! gl[+ words ( ,jacopone da ,todi express$ 9 poetry ! same religi\s f]v\r :i* ! life ( ,flor5ce & ,p]ugia bore witness to 9 action4 ,italy develop$ out ( ! relation & conflict ( ^! two =ces ! rational ) ! my/ical4 ,_! lat] union 9 ! great] m5 0 to x =m ! art temp]am5t ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! practical side gave x ! firm f\ndation ( rationalism & reality on :i* x re/$2 ! my/ical guid$ its endeav\r to picture ! unreal 9 t]ms ( ideal beauty4 ,! fir/ (fspr+ ( ?is union 0 ,leon>do4 ,s9ce ! decay ( anci5t art no pa9t] _h be5 able to fully express ! human =m1 = imp]fect ma/]y ( te*nique /ill prov$ ! b>ri]4 ,leon>do 0 ! fir/ completely to dis5gage 8 p]sonality f its con/ra9t1 & make l9e express ?\ght z none be=e him c\ld d4 ,nor 0 ?is 8 only triumph1 b r ! f\ndation on :i* fur!r a*ievem5t re/$4 ,rem>kable z a ?9k] alone1 he pref]r$ to enli/ ?\ght 9 ! s]vice ( art1 & make art ! h&maid ( beauty4 ,leon>do saw ! _w n z x is1 b z he himself 04 ,he view$ x ?r\gh ! atmosph]e ( beauty :i* fill$ 8 m9d1 & t+$ its %ad[s ) ! my/]y ( 8 nature4 ,to all ?is1 8 bir?right z a pa9t]1 a diff]5t elem5t 0 add$4 ,a ke5 desire = k1 guid+ 8 action 9 life1 spurr$ him onw>d4 ,consci\s ( ?is dom9ant impulse1 he has fancifully describ$ himself 9 a ,platonic allegory4 ,he _h pass$ b5ea? ov]hang+ cliffs on 8 way to a great cav]n4 ,on b5d$ knees1 pe]+ ?r\gh its d>kness1 fe> & desire _h ov]:elm$ him1--fe> = ! m5ac+ d>kness ( ! cav]n2 & desire xi to asc]ta9 if !re 7 wond]s !re94 ,f 8 e>lie/ ye>s1 ! elem5ts ( greatness 7 pres5t 9 ,leon>do4 ,b ! maturity ( 8 g5ius came unaffect$ f )\t4 ,he b>ely notic$ ! great =ces ( ! age :i* 9 life he enc\nt]$4 ,aft] ! fir/ promise ( 8 boyhood 9 ! ,tuscan hills1 8 y\? at ,flor5ce _h be5 sp5t "u ,v]roc*io z a ma/]1 9 company ) ^? ^: names 7 lat] to bright5 ! pages ( ,italian art4 ,he mu/ !n h he>d ,savon>ola's impassion$ s]mons1 yet1 unlike ,botticelli1 rema9$ dumb to 8 entreaties4 ,he mu/ h se5 ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t4 ,b !re 0 little op5+ 9 ! ,m$icean circle = ! "y pa9t]1 :o _h fir/ to ga9 fame abroad4 ,! spl5d\r ( ,milan "u ,il ,moro1 !n ! mo/ brilliant c\rt 9 ,europe1 attract$ him4 ,he w5t !re1 proclaim+ 8 ability1 9 a rem>kable lett]1 to accompli% mu*1 b desir+ *iefly to erect a great monum5t to ! glory ( ! ,s=za4 ,he sp5t ye>s at t c\rt1 tak5 up by 8 diff]5t v5tures1--pa9t+1 sculpture1 eng9e]+1 ev5 arrang+ fe/ivities--b 8 great] project 0 doom$ to failure1 enme%$ 9 ! d[nfall ( ,ludovico4 ,ev5 to ?is he rema9$ impassive4 ,visconti dragg$ to prison1 8 son dead1 444 ! duke has lo/ 8 /ate1 8 possessions1 8 lib]ty1 & has f9i%$ no?+ he und]took1 0 8 only comm5t on 8 patron's end1 writt5 on ! xii m>g9 ( a manuscript4 ,aft] ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,duke ( ,milan1 began 8 ,italian w&]+s4 ,at "o "t he contemplat$ ent]+ ! s]vice ( an ,ori5tal pr9ce4 ,in/ead1 he ent]$ t ( ,caes> ,borgia1 z milit>y eng9e]1 & ! greate/ pa9t] ( ! age became inspector ( a despot's /rongholds4 ,b 8 re/less nature did n leave him long at ?is4 ,return+ to ,flor5ce he compet$ ) ,mi*elangelo2 yet ! s]vice ( ev5 8 native city c\ld n reta9 him4 ,8 fame _h attract$ ! att5tion ( a new patron ( ! arts1 pr9ce ( ! /ate :i* _h conqu]$ 8 fir/ ma/]4 ,9 ?is 8 la/ v5ture1 he =sook ,italy1 only to die ?ree ye>s lat] at ,amboise1 9 ! ca/le ( ! ,fr5* k+4 ,! inn] nature ( ,leon>do rema9$ z unt\*$ by ! m5 he enc\nt]$ z by ! ev5ts :i* 7 !n /irr+ ,europe4 ,alone1 he influ5c$ o!rs1 rema9+ ! :ile a my/]y to all4 ,! mo/ gift$ ( nations fail$ to und]/& ! greate/ ( h] sons4 ,isabella d',e/e1 ! fir/ lady ( h] "t1 seek+ va9ly to obta9 "s product ( 8 bru%1 0 told t 8 life 0 *angeful & unc]ta91 t he liv$ = ! day1 int5t only on 8 art4 ,8 own ?\ghts reveal him 9 ano!r light4 ,i wi% to "w miracles1 he wrote4 ,& else:]e he exclaim$1 ,?\1 ,o ,god1 selle/ u all b5efits1 at ! co/ ( our toil4444 ,z a day well sp5t makes sleep xiii seem pleasant1 s a life well employ$ makes dea? pleasant4 ,a life well sp5t is long4 ,leon>do's views ( ae/hetic are all important 9 8 philosophy ( life & art4 ,! work]'s ?\ghts on 8 craft are always ( int]e/4 ,!y are d\bly s :5 !re is 9 !m no trace ( lit]>y self-consci\sness to blemi% _! expression4 ,he record$ ^! ?\ghts at ! in/ant ( _! bir?1 = a con/ant habit ( obs]vation & analysis _h e>ly develop$ ) him into a second nature4 ,8 ideas 7 p5n$ 9 ! same fragm5t>y way z !y pres5t$ !mselves to 8 m9d1 p]haps ) no int5tion ( publi%+ !m to ! _w4 ,b 8 ideal ( art dep5d$ intimately1 none ! less1 on ! sy/em he _h ?r[n out seem+ly 9 s haphaz>d a mann]4 ,8 me?od gives to 8 writ+s _! only unity4 ,x 0 m ?an a me?od3 x 0 a p]man5t expression ( 8 own life1 :i* aid$ him to con/ruct a philosophy ( beauty *>act]i/ic ( ! new age4 ,he _h se>*$ to f9d a sci5tific basis = art1 & discov]$ x 9 ! imitation ( nature1 bas$ on rational exp]i5ce4 ,?is idea 01 9 "p1 ,ari/otelian1 imbib$ ) ! _s ( ! "t2 ?\gh 9 ! ord9>y acceptance ( ! ^w ,leon>do 0 no s*ol>1 lea/ ( all a humani/4 ,8 own innovation 9 ae/hetic 0 9 requir+ a rational & critical exp]i5ce z a necess>y xiv f\ndation1 ! acquisition ( :i* 0 to result f ! p]man5t condition ( ! m9d4 ,he _h tra9$ 8 own faculties to critically obs]ve all natural ph5om5a3 fir/ try by exp]i5ce1 & !n demon/rate :y su* exp]im5t is =c$ to op]ate 9 ! way x does1 0 8 advice4 ,! eye1 he gave z an in/ance1 _h be5 def9$ z "o ?+2 by exp]i5ce1 he _h f\nd x to be ano!r4 ,b by imitation 9 art1 ,leon>do int5d$ no slavi% reproduction ( nature4 ,:5 he wrote t ! pa9t] /rives & competes ) nature1 he 0 on ! track ( a m ,ari/otelian idea4 ,?is he b>ely develop$1 us+ nature only p>tly 9 ! ,/agirite's s5se1 ( inn] =ce outw>dly exemplifi$4 ,! idea ( imitation1 9 fad1 z x pres5t$ itself to 8 m9d1 0 two-fold4 ,x 0 n m]ely ! ext]nal reproduction ( ! image1 :i* 0 easy en\gh to secure4 ,! real difficulty ( ! arti/ lay 9 reflect+ inn] "* & p]sonality4 ,x 0 ,leon>do's firm conviction t ea* ?\ght _h "s outw>d expression by :i* ! tra9$ obs]v] 0 able to recognize x4 ,e man1 he wrote1 has z _m movem5ts ( ! body z ( v>ieties ( ideas4 ,?\ght1 moreov]1 express$ itself outw>dly 9 proportion to its p[] ov] ! individual & 8 "t ( life4 ,by ?us employ+ bodily ge/ure to repres5t feel+ & idea1 ! pa9t] c\ld affect ! spectator :om he xv plac$ 9 ! pres5ce ( visible emotion4 ,he ma9ta9$ t art 0 ( slight use unless able to %[ :at its subject _h 9 m9d4 ,pa9t+ %\ld aim1 !re=e1 to reproduce ! inn] m5tal /ate by ! attitude assum$4 ,?is 01 9 o!r words1 a natural symbolism1 9 :i* ! symbol 0 no m]e conv5tion1 b ! actual outw>d projection ( ! inn] condition ( ! m9d4 ,art "h (f]$ an equation ( inw>d purpose & outw>d expression1 nei!r complete )\t ! o!r4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 influ5c$ by ,platonic ?\ght1 ,leon>do's conception ( pa9t+ 01 z an intellectual /ate or condition1 outw>dly project$4 ,! pa9t] :o practis$ 8 art )\t reason+ ( its nature 0 l a mirror unconsci\sly reflect+ :at 0 be=e x4 ,al?\gh )\t a manual act pa9t+ c\ld n be realiz$1 its true problems--problems ( light1 ( col\r1 pose & composition1 ( primitive & d]ivative %ad[--_h all to be grasp$ by ! m9d )\t bodily lab\r4 ,beyond ?is1 ! sci5tific f\ndation 9 art came ?r\gh mak+ x re/ ^u an accurate k ( nature4 ,ev5 exp]i5ce 0 only a /ep t[>ds atta9+ ?is4 ,!re is no?+ 9 all nature )\t its reason1 he wrote4 ,if y "k ! reason1 y d n ne$ ! exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( art1 z well1 he urg$ t nature _h be5 ! te/ ( its excell5ce4 ,a xvi natural ph5om5on _h br\ght art into exi/5ce4 ,! fir/ picture 9 ! _w1 he rem>k$ 9 a happy epigram1 _h be5 a l9e surr\nd+ ! %ad[ ( a man1 ca/ by ! sun on ! wall4 ,he trac$ ! hi/ory ( pa9t+ 9 ,italy dur+ its /agnation aft] ! decay ( anci5t art1 :5 ea* pa9t] copi$ only 8 pr$ecessor1 :i* la/$ until ,giotto1 born among b>r5 m\nta9s1 drew ! movem5ts ( ! goats he t5d$1 & ?us advanc$ f>!r ?an all ! e>li] ma/]s4 ,b 8 successors only copi$ him1 & pa9t+ sank aga9 until ,masaccio once m took nature z 8 guide4 ,a q diff]5t & combative side to ,leon>do's ae/hetic1 :i* =c$ him to /ate ! broad pr9ciples ( art1 appe>s 9 8 attacks on poetry & music z inf]ior to pa9t+4 ,9 t age ( humani/ic triumph1 lit]ature _h lord$ x ov] ! o!r arts 9 a mann] n free f arrogance4 ,!re 0 /ill ano!r cause = 8 onslaught on poetry4 ,leon>do res5t$ ! fact t pa9t]s1 :o 7 r>ely m5 ( education1 _h n def5d$ !mselves aga9/ ! slurs ca/ on _! art4 ,8 c\nt] attack may h be5 int5d$ to hide 8 own small s*ol>%ip4 ,x s]v$ ano!r end z well4 ,8 conception ( ! univ]sal pr9ciples ( beauty 0 made cle> by ?is def5ce4 ,8 fir/ pr9ciple /at$ broadly t ! mo/ useful art 0 ! "o :i* c\ld mo/ easily be communicat$4 xvii ,pa9t+ 0 communicable to all s9ce its appeal 0 made to ! eye4 ,:ile ! pa9t] proce$$ at once to ! imitation ( nature1 ! poet's in/rum5ts 7 words :i* v>i$ 9 e l&4 ,he took ! ,platonic view ( poetry z a ly+ imitation1 remov$ f tru?4 ,he call$ ! poet a collector ( o!r m5's w>es1 :o deck$ himself 9 _! plumage4 ,:]e poetry pres5t$ only a %ad[ to ! imag9ation1 pa9t+ (f]$ a real image to ! eye2 & ! eye1 z ! w9d[ ( ! s\l ?r\gh :i* all e>?ly beauty 0 reveal$1 ! sight1 he exclaim$1 :i* _h discov]$ navigation1 :i* _h impell$ m5 to seek ! ,we/1 0 ! noble/ ( all ! s5ses4 ,pa9t+ spoke only by :at x accompli%$1 poetry end$ 9 ! v words ) :i* x sang its own praises4 ,if1 !n1 poets call$ pa9t+ dumb poetry1 he c\ld retort by dubb+ poetry bl9d pa9t+4 ,9 common ) 8 successors1 ,leon>do c\ld n escape f ?is fallacy1 :i*1 9 ov]look+ all save descriptive v]se1 0 de/9$ to burd5 ae/hetic until demoli%$ by ,less+4 ,x 0 ! op9ion ( ,leon>do t ! tempor>y nature ( music caus$ its inf]iority to pa9t+4 ,al?\gh durability 0 9 itself no absolute te/1--else ! "w ( copp]smi?s w\ld be ! highe/ art1--yet 9 any f9al scale1 p]man5ce c\ld n altoge!r be disreg>d$4 ,music p]i%$ 9 ! v act ( its creation1 xviii :ile pa9t+ pres]v$ ! beautiful f ! h& ( "t4 ,hel5 ( ,troy1 gaz+ 9 a mirror1 9 h] old age1 wond]$ h[ %e _h twice be5 ravi%$4 ,mortal beauty w\ld ?us vani%1 if x 7 n rescu$ by art f de/roy+ age & dea?4 ,leon>do contra/$ pa9t+ ) sculpture1 = he _h practis$ bo?1 & ?\ght himself peculi>ly qualifi$ to judge _! m]it4 ,he consid]$ ! =m] ! nobl] art ( ! two1 = sculpture involv$ bodily toil & fatigue1 :ile by its v nature x lack$ p]spective & atmosph]e1 col\r1 & ! feel+ ( space4 ,pa9t+1 on ! o!r h&1 caus$ by an illusion1 0 9 itself ! result ( deep] ?\ght4 ,an ev5 broad] te/ s]v$ to conv9ce him ( its f9al sup]iority4 ,t art 0 ( highe/ excell5ce1 he wrote1 :i* possess$ mo/ elem5ts ( v>iety & univ]sality4 ,pa9t+ conta9$ & reproduc$ all =ms ( nature2 x made its appeal by ! h>moni\s balance ( p>ts :i* gratifi$ all ! s5ses4 ,by its v duality x fulfill$ ! highe/ purpose4 ,! pa9t] 0 able to visualize ! beauty :i* en*ant$ him1 to br+ to reality ! fancy ( 8 dreams1 & give outw>d expression to ! ideal )94 ,! g5ius ( ,leon>do z a pa9t] came ?r\gh unfold+ ! my/]y ( life4 ,l ,mir&a1 he _h gaz$ ) wond] at ! beauty ( ! _w4 ,look at ! grace & sweetness xix ( m5 & wom5 9 ! /reet1 he wrote4 ,! mo/ ord9>y functions ( life & nature amaz$ him mo/4 ,he obs]v$ ( ! eye h[ 9 x =m & col\r1 & ! entire univ]se x reflect$1 7 r$uc$ to a s+le po9t4 ,wond]ful law ( nature1 :i* =c$ all effects to p>ticipate ) _! cause 9 ! m9d ( man4 ,^! are ! true miracles6 ,else:]e he wrote aga93 ,nature is full ( inf9ite reasons :i* h n yet pass$ into exp]i5ce4 ,he conceiv$ x to be ! pa9t]'s duty n only to comm5t on natural ph5om5a z re/ra9$ by law1 b to m]ge 8 v m9d into t ( nature by int]pret+ its relation ) art4 ,re/+ securely on ! reality ( exp]i5c$ tru?1 he felt ! deep] pres5ce ( ! unreal on e side4 ,9 ! same way t he visualiz$ ! inn] work+s ( ! m9d1 8 ke5 imag9ation aid$ him to make outw>d trifles s]ve 8 desire to f9d my/]i\s beauty ev]y:]e4 ,(t5times1 9 gaz+ on "s anci5t1 "t-/a9$ wall1 he describes h[ he w\ld trace !reon l&scapes1 ) m\nta9s1 riv]s & valleys4 ,! :ole _w 0 full ( a my/]y to him1 :i* 8 "w reflect$4 ,! smile ( consci\sness1 pregnant ( t :i* is beyond1 illum9es ! expression ( ,mona ,lisa4 ,s1 too1 9 ! /range glance ( ,ann1 ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 & ( ! ,virg9 ( ! ,rocks1 "o realizes t _! ?\ghts dwell 9 ano!r _w4 xx ,leon>do _h f\nd a refuge 9 art f ! pett9ess ( mat]ial environm5t4 ,l 8 own creations1 he1 too1 _h le>n$ ! secret ( ! inn] life4 ,! pa9t]1 he wrote1 c\ld create a _w ( 8 own1 & take refuge 9 ?is new realm4 ,b x mu/ n be "o ( %ad[s only4 ,! v my/]y he felt s ke5ly _h yet to re/ on a real f\ndation2 to treat x o!rwise w\ld be to plunge into m]e vap\r+4 ,al?\gh attempt+ to bridge ! gulf :i* sep>at$ ! real f ! unreal1 he refus$ to treat ! latt] sup]naturally4 ,t my/]y :i* less] m9ds f\nd 9 ! occult1 he saw 9 nature all ab\t him4 ,he d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( spirits1 j z he urg$ ! fooli%ness ( ! w-o'-!-wisps ( =m] ages1--al*emy & ! black art4 ,9 "o s5t5ce he de/roy$ ! pret5sions ( palmi/ry4 ,y w see1 he wrote1 great armies slaught]$ 9 an h\r's "t1 :]e 9 ea* individual ! signs ( ! h&s are diff]5t4 ,8 art took1 ?us1 its guidance 9 realism1 its purpose 9 spirituality4 ,! se>* = tru? & ! desire = beauty 7 ! tw9 ideals he /rove to atta94 ,! ke5ness ( ?is pursuit sav$ him f ! blemi% ( egoism :i* alo(ness f 8 surr\nd+s w\ld o!rwise h =c$ ^u him4 ,= 8 "* pres5t$ ! anomaly1 peculi> to ! ,r5aissance1 ( a l(ty idealism c\pl$ 9 action ) xxi irresponsibility ( duty4 ,he /ood on a high] plane1 8 attitude t[>d life recogniz+ no claims on ! "p ( 8 fell[m54 ,9 8 desire to surpass himself1 fo/]$ by ?is isolation ( _s & spurr$ on by ! eag] wi% to atta9 univ]sal k1 he has be5 comp>$ to ,fau/2 b ! lik5ess is only half correct4 ,he 0 n bl9d to ! limitations :i* encompass$ him1 8 v g5ius mak+ him realize _! b\nds4 ,( ! anci5ts he said t 9 attempt+ to def9e ! nature ( ! s\l1 !y s\ght ! impossible4 ,he wrote else:]e1 ,x is ! inf9ite alone t _c be atta9$1 = if x c\ld x w\ld become f9ite4 ,9 ,leon>do's p]sonality 0 reflect$ bo? ! /r5g? & weakness ( ,r5aissance ,italy4 ,s1 to "k him1 x is necess>y to und]/& ! ,italy ( t age4 ,its brilliancy1 its univ]sality1 its desire = beauty1 are b "o side ( ! m$al4 ,on its rev]se1 ,italy lack$ ! solid vig\r ( a national purpose4 ,! discord ( political disunion1 react+ on art1 laid b>e great weakness 9 ! want ( any con/ructive direction1 t[>d :i* ! /r5g? ( ! ,r5aissance c\ld aim4 ,! en]gy 0 !re1 :e!r f9d+ an outlet 9 /atecraft or 9 discov]y1 9 art or 9 lett]s4 ,b x lab\r$ = no common end2 !re 0 int]nal unity ( =ce & me?od1 b ext]nal div]g5ce ( purpose4 ,! tyranny ( petty despots c\ld provide no adequate ideal t[>d xxii :i* to aim4 ,no rul]1 & no city save ,v5ice1 c\ld long symbolize ! nation's patriotism4 ,v5etian pa9t]s alone glorifi$ ! /ate 9 _! "w1 & ?us felt ! liv+ =ce ( a national ambition :i* rais$ !m above !mselves4 ,b else:]e !re 0 little to inspire t devotion = a common c\ntry necess>y z a backgr\nd to su/a9 ! greate/ "w4 ,h5ce ,italian art1 s liv+ )9 c]ta9 limits1 rema9$ /unt$ beyond ^!4 ,! conviction t art exi/$ 9 ord] to express ideal beauty1 t its ma9 purpose 0 to please ! eye & ! s5ses 9 spite ( ! result atta9$1 prov$ inadequate comp5sation = all t _h be5 )drawn4 ,! art ideal t5d$ m & m to become a consci5ce & a purpose 9 itself1 an inw>d impulse = action & an outw>d goal4 ,! arti/'s real greatness w dep5d at all times on 8 qualities z a repres5tative4 ,8 true m]it w arise f giv+ expression 9 ideal t]ms to 8 nation & to 8 age4 ,9 s f> z he has be5 able to d ?is & ! _s ( 8 c\ntry is reflect$ 9 8 "w1 9 s f> z he has repres5t$ :at is be/ !re9 & mo/ endur+1 he w h a*iev$ greatness4 ,n t ?is is always1 or ev5 (t51 a consci\s expression4 ,x is unfair read+ to se>* = deep ?\ght 9 ! "w ( ei!r pa9t] or poet4 ,nei!r art xxiii (f]s ! be/ m$ium to convey ! ab/ractions ( ! m9d1 s9ce ea* has its own me?od ( expression1 indep5d5t ( pure reason4 ,b pa9t] & poet1 9 ! degree !y atta9 greatness1 express m ?an !mselves4 ,ario/o1 int5t only to amuse1 reflects ) playful wit & skepticism ! spl5did luxury & joy ( liv+ 9 ,r5aissance c\rt life4 ,! c>e ) :i* he *isell$ ea* l9e proves t 8 real s]i\sness & consci5ce lay 9 8 arti/ic purpose4 ,)\t ,ario/o's wit1 ,paolo ,v]onese depict$ a simil> side 9 pa9t+1 ?\gh 8 ,v5etian bir?right made him celebrate ! glory ( ! ,republic4 ,poet & pa9t] alike express$ f> m ?an ei!r c\ld "k4 ,if su* a te/ be appli$ to ! arti/s ( ! ,r5aissance1 ea* 9 turn w respond to x1--j z ! weakness ( ! lat] ,bolognese z a s*ool is t1 beyond a c]ta9 te*nical m]it1 !y meant & repres5t$ s little4 ,b ! noble/ pa9t]s1--,mi*elangelo & ,raphael1 ,titian & ,leon>do1--9 addition to possess+ ! solid grasp ( te*nical ma/]y1 reflect$ "s aspect ( _! nation's life & civilization4 ,9 ,mi*elangelo 0 realiz$ ! gr&eur ( ,italy /ruggl+ va9ly aga9/ cru%+ oppression4 ,he express$ t :i* 0 highe/ 9 x1 reflect+ ! l(tie/ side ( its idealism m+l$ ) deep pessimism 9 8 survey ov] life2 =1 wrapp$ 9 au/]ity1 he saw mank9d 9 h]oic t]ms ( sadness4 ,raphael1 on ! xxiv o!r h&1 f\nd only beautiful sweetness ev]y:]e4 ,! trag$ies ( life fail$ to t\* ! "y pa9t]1 :o blott$ f view all /ruggle & sorr[1 &1 9 spite ( ! mis]y :i* _h befall5 8 nation1 c\ld /ill rejoice 9 ! s5su\s beauty ( ! _w4 ,!re 0 ano!r side to ! ,r5aissance1 dep5d5t nei!r on beauty nor h]oic gr&eur1 yet %>+ 9 bo? ?r\gh qualities ( its own4 ,titian1 :o pa9t$ ! liv+ man ( action1 ! man ( p>ts1 susceptible alike to ! appreciation ( ideal beauty & h]oic impulse1 b guid$ )al by exp$i5cy1 reflect$ ?is m practical aspect ( life4 ,9 8 portraiture he express$ ! /atecraft = :i* ,italians f\nd opportunity beyond ! ,alps1 s9ce 9 ,italy x 0 d5i$ !m2 & ,titian f\nd ev5 ,v5ice too n>r[ = ! scope ( 8 art4 ,b be=e ,titian1 be=e ,raphael1 be=e ,mi*elangelo1 ,leon>do reflect$ ! rationalism & ! my/]y1 ! subtlety & ! philosophical speculation1 ( ! age4 ,to f9d 9 8 "w only ! individual ?\ght ( g5ius w\ld be to mi/ake1 p]haps1 its mo/ important side2 = ! expression ( 8 m9d1 bo? by its brilliancy & its limitations1 is typical ( ! _s ( 8 "t4 ,! ,italian ,r5aissance 0 reflect$ 9 him z r>ely a p]iod has be5 express$ 9 ! life-"w ( a s+le man4 ,he repres5t$ its union ( practice & !ory1 ( ?\ght plac$ 9 ! xxv s]vice ( action4 ,he summ$ up its diff]5t aspects 9 8 own individuality4 ,intellectually1 he repres5t$ its _m-sid$ness atta9$ ?r\gh p5etration ( ?\ght1 & a ke5ness ( obs]vation1 pr(it+ f exp]i5ce1 ext5d$ into e sph]e4 ,z an arti/ he possess$ a vig\r ( imag9ation f :i* sprang 8 p[] ( creat+ beauty4 ,b1 9 spite ( 8 practical nature1 he rema9$ a dream] 9 an age :i* _h 9 x m ( /]n reality ?an ( gold5 dreams4 ,8 v limitations1 8 excess ( individualism1 8 want ( long-cont9u$ conc5tration1 8 lack ( patriotism1 8 feel+ ( ! sup]iority ( art to nationality1 are all *>act]i/ic ( ,r5aissance ,italy4 ,! union 9 ,leon>do ( reality to my/]y has (t5 be5 %>$ by g5ius 9 o!r fields4 ,8 own peculi> greatness sprang f express+ 9 art ! app>5t contradiction ( atta9+ ! _w ( my/]y ?r\gh =ce ( reality4 ,l ,hamlet1 x 0 ! union ( ! real ) ! unreal :i* appeal$ to him1 ( ! _w z he saw x & ! _w z he imag9$ x to be4 ,x 0 b ano!r expression ( ! et]nal ideal ( tru? & beauty4 ,l4 ,e4 ,am]ican ,embassy ,london1 #aijf #c ,i ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,life 99 99 99 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! ,works ( ,leon>do ,begun at ,flor5ce 9 ! h\se ( ,pi]o di ,braccio ,m>telli1 on ! #bb;d day ( ,m>*1 #aejh2 & ?is is to be a collection )\t ord]1 tak5 f _m pap]s :i* ,i h copi$ "h1 hop+ to arrange !m lat]1 ea* 9 its place1 accord+ to ! v>i\s subjects treat$4 ,& ,i ?9k t be=e ,i %all h f9i%$ ?is "w1 x w be necess>y = me to repeat ! same ?+ _m times ov]2 s1 ,o read]1 blame me n1 because ! subjects are _m1 & memory _c reta9 !m & say3 ,?is ,i w n write because ,i h already writt5 x2 & if ,i did n wi% to fall into ?is error x w\ld be necess>y1 e "t t ,i wi%$ to copy some?+1 9 ord] n to repeat myself1 to read ov] all ! prec$+ matt]1 all ! m s s9ce ! int]vals are long betwe5 "o "t ( writ+ & ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 ,?ir/ aft] ,k #b4 ,n l\d] does ! tempe/u\s sea bell[ :5 ! nor? w9d /rikes its foam+ waves betwe5 ,scylla & ,*>ybdis2 nor ,/romboli nor ,m\nt ,etna :5 ! sulphur\s flames1 #d %att]+ & bur/+ op5 ! great m\nta9 ) viol5ce1 hurl /ones & e>? ?r\gh ! air ) ! flame x vomits2 nor :5 ! fi]y cav]ns ( ,m\nt ,etna1 spitt+ =? ! elem5t :i* x _c re/ra91 hurl x back to ! place :5ce x issu$1 driv+ furi\sly be=e x any ob/acle 9 ! way ( its vehem5t fury 444 s ,i1 urg$ by my great desire & long+ to see ! bl5d+ ( /range & v>i\s %apes made by creat+ nature1 w&]$ = "s "t among ! d>k rocks1 & came to ! entrance ( a great cave1 9 front ( :i* ,i long /ood 9 a/oni%m5t & ignorance ( su* a ?+4 ,i b5t my back into an ar* & re/$ my left h& on my knee1 & ) my "r h& %ad$ my d[nca/ eyes & contract$ eyebr[s4 ,i b5t d[n fir/ on "o side & !n on ! o!r to see :e!r ,i c\ld p]ceive any?+1 b ! ?ick d>kness r5d]$ ?is impossible2 & aft] hav+ rema9$ !re "s "t1 two ?+s arose )9 me1 fe> & desire1--fe> ( ! d>k & ?reat5+ cave1 desire to see :e!r !re 7 any?+ m>vell\s )94 #c4 ,i discov] = man ! orig9 ( ! fir/ & p]haps ( ! second cause ( 8 be+4 ,sid5ote3 ,leon>do's ,/udies #d4 ,recogniz+ z ,i d t ,i _c make use ( #e subject matt] :i* is useful & delightful1 s9ce my pr$ecessors h exhau/$ ! useful & necess>y !mes1 ,i %all d z ! man :o by reason ( 8 pov]ty arrives la/ at ! fair1 & _c d o!rwise ?an pur*ase :at has already be5 se5 by o!rs & n accept$1 b reject$ by !m z be+ ( little value4 ,i %all place ?is despis$ & reject$ m]*&ise1 :i* rema9s ov] aft] _m h b\ght1 on my poor pack1 & ,i %all g & di/ribute x1 n 9 ! big cities1 b 9 ! poor t[ns1 & take su* rew>d z my goods des]ve4 ,sid5ote3 ,va9 ,k #e4 ,all k :i* ends 9 words w die z quickly z x came to life1 ) ! exception ( ! writt5 ^w3 :i* is its me*anical "p4 #f4 ,avoid /udies ! result ( :i* w die toge!r ) him :o /udi$4 ,sid5ote3 ,value ( ,k #g4 ,! intellect w always pr(it by ! acquisition ( any k :atsoev]1 = ?us :at is useless w be expell$ f x1 & :at is fruitful w rema94 ,x is impossible ei!r to hate or to love a ?+ )\t fir/ acquir+ k ( x4 #f #h4 ,m5 ( wor? naturally desire k4 #i4 ,x is orda9$ t to ! ambiti\s1 :o d]ive no satisfaction f ! gifts ( life & ! beauty ( ! _w1 life %all be a cause ( suff]+1 & !y %all possess nei!r ! pr(it nor ! beauty ( ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,on 8 ,contemn]s #aj4 ,i "k t _m w say t ?is "w is useless1 & ^! are !y ( :om ,demetrius said reck$ no m ( ! brea? :i* made ! words proce$ f _! m\?1 ?an ( ! w9d :i* proce$$ f _! body1--m5 :o seek solely aft] ri*es & bodily satisfaction1 m5 entirely d5ud$ ( t wisdom :i* is ! food & v]ily ! weal? ( ! s\l2 because insomu* z ! s\l is ( great] value ?an ! body1 s mu* great] are ! ri*es ( ! s\l ?an ^? ( ! body4 ,& (t5 :5 ,i see "o ( ^! take ?is "w 9 8 h&1 ,i wond] :e!r1 l a monkey1 he w n smell x & ask me if x is some?+ to eat4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,vulg> #aa4 ,demetrius us$ to say t !re 0 no diff]5ce betwe5 ! words & ! voice ( ! #g unskill$ ignorant & ! s\nds & noises ( a /oma* full ( sup]flu\s w9d4 ,& x 0 n )\t reason t he said ?is1 = he consid]$ x to be indiff]5t :5ce ! utt]ance ( su* m5 proce$$1 :e!r f _! m\? or _! body2 bo? be+ ( ! same sub/ance & value4 #ab4 ,i d n consid] t m5 ( co>se & boori% habits & ( sl5d] p>ts des]ve s f9e an in/rum5t nor su* a complicat$ me*anism z m5 ( contemplation & high culture4 ,!y m]ely ne$ a sack 9 :i* _! food may be held & :5ce x may issue1 s9ce v]ily !y _c be consid]$ o!rwise ?an z vehicles = food1 = !y seem to me to h no?+ 9 common ) ! human race save ! %ape & ! voice2 z f> z ! re/ is conc]n$ !y are l[] ?an ! bea/s4 #ac4 ,k ( ! pa/ & ( ! places ( ! e>? is ! ornam5t & food ( ! m9d ( man4 ,sid5ote3 ,k ! supreme ,good #ad4 ,cornelius ,celsus3 ,k is ! supreme good1 ! supreme evil is physical pa94 ,we are compos$ ( two sep>ate p>ts1 ! s\l & ! ! body2 ! s\l is ! great] ( ^! two1 ! body ! less]4 ,k app]ta9s to ! #h great] "p1 ! supreme evil belongs to ! less] & bas] "p4 ,k is an excell5t ?+ = ! m9d1 & pa9 is ! mo/ griev\s ?+ = ! body4 ,j z ! supreme evil is physical pa91 s is wisdom ! supreme good ( ! s\l1 t is to say ( ! wise man1 & no o!r ?+ c be comp>$ ) x4 ,sid5ote3 ,life & ,wisdom #ae4 ,9 ! days ( ?y y\? seek to obta9 t :i* %all comp5sate ! losses ( ?y old age4 ,& if ?\ und]/&e/ t old age is f$ ) wisdom1 s conduct ?yself 9 ! days ( ?y y\? t su/5ance may n be lack+ to ?y old age4 ,sid5ote3 ,praise ( ,k #af4 ,! fame ( ! ri* man dies ) him2 ! fame ( ! treasure1 & n ( ! man :o possess$ x1 rema9s4 ,f> great] is ! glory ( ! virtue ( mortals ?an t ( _! ri*es4 ,h[ _m emp]ors & h[ _m pr9ces h liv$ & di$ & no record ( !m rema9s1 & !y only s\ght to ga9 dom9ions & ri*es 9 ord] t _! fame might be ev]-la/+4 ,h[ _m 7 ^? :o liv$ 9 sc>city ( worldly goods 9 ord] to gr[ ri* 9 virtue2 & z f> z virtue exce$s weal?1 ev5 9 ! same degree ! desire ( ! poor man prov$ m fruitful ?an t ( ! ri* man4 #i ,do/ ?\ n see t weal? 9 itself conf]s no hon\r on him :o amasses x1 :i* %all la/ :5 he is dead1 z does k8--k :i* %all always be> witness l a cl>ion to its creator1 s9ce k is ! daught] ( its creator1 & n ! /epdaught]1 l weal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,_w #ag4 ,b\ntiful nature has provid$ t 9 all p>ts ( ! _w y w f9d some?+ to imitate4 #ah4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,beauty ( ,life ,consid] 9 ! /reets at nightfall ! faces ( m5 & wom5 :5 x is bad wea!r1 :at grace & sweetness !y manife/6 #ai4 ,j z iron :i* is n us$ gr[s ru/y1 & wat] putrefies & freezes 9 ! cold1 s ! m9d ( :i* no use is made is spoilt4 ,sid5ote3 ,fruitless ,/udy #bj4 ,j z food eat5 )\t appetite is a t$i\s n\ri%m5t1 s does /udy )\t zeal damage ! memory by n assimilat+ :at x absorbs4 #ba4 ,tru? 0 ! only daught] ( "t4 #aj ,sid5ote3 ,9 ,praise ( ,tru? #bb4 ,s vile a ?+ is a lie t ev5 if x spoke fairly ( ,god x w\ld take away some:at f ,8 div9ity2 & s excell5t a ?+ is tru? t if x praises ! humble/ ?+s !y are exalt$4 ,!re is no d\bt t tru? is to falsehood z light is to d>kness2 & s excell5t a ?+ is tru? t ev5 :5 x t\*es humble & l[ly matt]s1 x /ill incomp>ably exce$s ! unc]ta9ty & falsehood 9 :i* great & elevat$ disc\rses are clo!d2 because ev5 if falsehood be ! fif? elem5t ( our m9ds1 not)/&+ ?is1 tru? is ! supreme n\ri%m5t ( ! high] intellects1 ?\gh n ( disord]ly m9ds4 ,b ?\ :o fe$e/ on dreams do/ pref] ! sophi/ry & subt]fuges 9 matt]s ( importance & unc]ta9ty to :at is c]ta9 & natural1 ?\gh ( less] magnitude4 #bc4 ,ob/acles 9 ! way ( tru? are f9ally puni%$4 ,sid5ote3 ,v]sus ,humani/s #bd4 ,i am well aw>e t n be+ a lit]>y man ! presumptu\s w ?9k t !y h ! "r to blame me on ! gr\nd t ,i am n a man ( lett]s4 ,va+lori\s p6 ,"k !y n t ,i c\ld make answ] z ,m>ius did to ! ,roman p1 & say3 ,!y :o make a #aa display ) ! lab\rs ( o!rs w n all[ me m9e8 ,!y w say t be+ unskill$ 9 lett]s ,i _c f9d true expression = ! matt]s ( :i* ,i desire to treat2 !y d n "k t 9 my subjects exp]i5ce is a tru] guide ?an ! words ( o!rs1 = exp]i5ce 0 ! tea*] ( all great writ]s1 & !re=e ,i take h] = guide1 & ,i w cite h] 9 all cases4 #be4 ,al?\gh ,i may n be able to quote o!r au?ors1 z !y d1 ,i c quote f a great] & m wor?y s\rce1 namely1 exp]i5ce1--! tea*] ( _! ma/]s4 ,!y g ab\t swell$ ) pride & pomposity1 dress$ up & b$ight1 n ) _! own lab\r1 b ) t ( o!rs2 & !y w n conc$e me m9e4 ,& if !y despise me1 :o am a creator1 f> m are !y1 :o d n create b trumpet abroad & exploit ! works ( o!r m51 to be blam$4 ,sid5ote3 ,au?ority #bf4 ,he :o 9 reason+ cites au?ority is mak+ use ( 8 memory r ?an ( 8 intellect4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ,comm5tators #bg4 ,m5 :o are creators & int]pret]s ( nature to man1 9 comp>ison ) boa/]s & exploit]s ( ! works ( o!rs1 mu/ be judg$ #ab & e/eem$ l ! object be=e ! mirror z comp>$ ) its image reflect$ 9 ! mirror4--"o be+ some?+ 9 itself1 & ! o!r no?+4 ,little to nature d !y owe1 s9ce x is m]ely by *ance !y we> ! human =m1 & b = x ,i might include !m ) h]ds ( cattle4 #bh4 ,a well lett]$ man is s because he is well natur$1 & j z ! cause is m admirable ?an ! effect1 s is a good disposition1 unlett]$1 m praisewor?y ?an a well lett]$ man :o is )\t natural disposition4 #bi4 ,aga9/ c]ta9 comm5tators :o disp>age ! inv5tors ( antiquity1 ! orig9ators ( sci5ce & gramm>1 & :o attack ! creators ( antiquity2 & because !y ?r\gh laz9ess & ! conv5i5ce ( books h n be5 able to create1 !y attack _! ma/]s ) false reason+4 #cj4 ,x is bett] to imitate anci5t ?an mod]n "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp]i5ce #ca4 ,wisdom is ! daught] ( exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp]i5ce nev] ,errs #cb4 ,wrongly m5 compla9 ( exp]i5ce1 :i* #ac ) great rail+ !y accuse ( falsehood4 ,leave exp]i5ce alone1 & turn y\r lam5tation to y\r ignorance1 :i* leads y1 ) y\r va9 & fooli% desires1 to promise y\rselves ^? ?+s :i* are n 9 h] p[] to conf]1 & to accuse h] ( falsehood4 ,wrongly m5 compla9 ( innoc5t exp]i5ce1 :5 !y accuse h] n seldom ( false & ly+ demon/rations4 #cc4 ,exp]i5ce nev] errs2 x is only y\r judgem5ts t err1 ye :o look to h] = effects :i* our exp]im5ts _c produce4 ,because giv5 a pr9ciple1 t :i* ensues f x is necess>ily ! true consequ5ce ( t pr9ciple1 unless x be imp$$4 ,%\ld !re1 h[ev]1 be any ob/acle1 ! effect :i* %\ld ensue f ! a=esaid pr9ciple w p>ticipate 9 ! imp$im5t z mu* or z little z ! imp$im5t is op]ative 9 reg>d to ! a=esaid pr9ciple4 #cd4 ,exp]i5ce1 ! int]pret] betwe5 creative nature & ! human race1 tea*es ! action ( nature among mortals3 h[ "u ! con/ra9t ( necessity %e _c act o!rwise ?an z reason1 :o /e]s h] helm1 tea*es h] to act4 #ce4 ,all our k is ! (fspr+ ( our p]ceptions4 #ad ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( ,k #cf4 ,! s5se m9i/]s to ! s\l1 & n ! s\l s5se2 & :]e ! s5se :i* m9i/]s ceases to s]ve ! s\l1 all ! functions ( t s5se are lack+ 9 life1 z is evid5t 9 ^? :o are born dumb & bl9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,te/imony ( ! ,s5ses #cg4 ,& if ?\ saye/ t sight imp$es ! security & subtlety ( m5tal m$itation1 by reason ( :i* we p5etrate into div9e k1 & t ?is imp$im5t drove a philosoph] to deprive himself ( 8 sight1 ,i answ] t ! eye1 z "l ( ! s5ses1 p]=ms its duty 9 be+ an imp$im5t to ! confusion & lies ( t :i* is n sci5ce b disc\rse1 by :i* ) mu* noise & ge/iculation argum5t is con/antly conduct$2 & he>+ %\ld d ! same1 feel+1 z x does1 ! (f5ce m ke5ly1 because x seeks aft] h>mony :i* devolves on all ! s5ses4 ,& if ?is philosoph] depriv$ himself ( 8 sight to get rid ( ! ob/acle to 8 disc\rses1 consid] t 8 disc\rses & 8 bra9 7 a p>ty to ! act1 because ! :ole 0 madness4 ,n[ c\ld he n h clos$ 8 eyes :5 ?is fr5zy came ^u him1 & h kept !m clos$ until ! fr5zy consum$ itself8 ,b ! man 0 mad1 ! disc\rse insane1 & egregi\s ! folly ( de/roy+ 8 eye-sight4 #ae ,sid5ote3 ,judgem5t prone to ,error #ch4 ,!re is no?+ :i* deceives u z mu* z our own judgem5t4 #ci4 ,! greate/ deception :i* m5 incur proce$s f _! op9ions4 #dj4 ,avoid ! precepts ( ^? ?9k]s ^: reason+ is n confirm$ by exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,intellig5ce ( ,animals #da4 ,man disc\rse? greatly1 & 8 disc\rse is = ! great] "p empty & false2 ! disc\rse ( animals is small1 b useful & true3 sl5d] c]ta9ty is bett] ?an port5t\s falsehood4 #db4 ,:at is an elem5t8 ,x is n 9 man's p[] to def9e ! quiddity ( ! elem5ts1 b a great _m ( _! effects are kn[n4 #dc4 ,t :i* is divisible 9 fact is divisible 9 pot5tiality also2 b n all quantities :i* are divisible 9 pot5tiality are divisible 9 fact4 ,sid5ote3 ,inf9ity incompreh5sible #dd4 ,:at is t ?+ :i* is n def9$ & w\ld #af n exi/ if x 7 def9$8 ,x is inf9ity1 :i* if x c\ld be def9$ w\ld be limit$ & f9ite1 because t :i* c be def9$ ends ) ! limits ( its circumf]5ce1 & t :i* _c be def9$ has no limits4 #de4 ,o contemplators ( ?+s1 d n pride y\rselves = kn[+ ^? ?+s :i* nature by h]self & h] ord9ation naturally conduces2 b rejoice 9 kn[+ ! purposes ( ^? ?+s :i* are det]m9$ by y\r m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,insoluble ,que/ions #df4 ,consid]1 ,o read]1 h[ f> we c l5d cr$5ce to ! anci5ts :o /rove to def9e ! s\l & life1--?+s :i* _c be prov$2 :ile ^? ?+s :i* c be cle>ly kn[n & prov$ by exp]i5ce rema9$ dur+ s _m c5turies ignor$ & misrepres5t$6 ,! eye1 :i* s cle>ly demon/rates its functions1 has be5 up to my "t def9$ 9 "o mann] by c\ntless au?orities2 ,i by exp]i5ce h discov]$ ano!r def9ition4 ,sid5ote3 ,beauty ( ,nature's ,inv5tions #dg4 ,al?\gh human +5uity may devise v>i\s inv5tions :i*1 by ! help ( v>i\s in/rum5ts1 answ] to "o & ! same purpose1 yet #ag w x nev] discov] any inv5tions m beautiful1 m simple or m practical ?an ^? ( nature1 because 9 h] inv5tions !re is no?+ lack+ & no?+ sup]flu\s2 & %e makes use ( no c\nt]poise :5 %e con/ructs ! limbs ( animals 9 su* a way z to correspond to ! motion ( _! bodies1 b %e puts into !m ! s\l ( ! body4 ,?is is n ! prop] place = ?is disc\rse1 :i* belongs r to ! subject ( ! composition ( animat$ bodies2 & ! re/ ( ! def9ition ( ! s\l ,i leave to ! m9ds ( ! fri>s1 ! fa!rs ( ! p1 :o "k all secrets by inspiration4 ,i leave ! sacr$ books alone1 because !y are ! supreme tru?4 ,sid5ote3 ,complet5ess 9 ,k #dh4 ,^? :o seek to abbreviate /udies d injury to k & to love because ! love ( any?+ is ! daught] ( ?is k4 ,! f]v5cy ( ! love increases 9 proportion to ! c]ta9ty ( ! k1 & ! c]ta9ty issues f a complete k ( all ! p>ts1 :i* unit$ compose ! totality ( ! ?+ :i* ought to be lov$4 ,( :at value1 !n1 is he :o abbreviates ! details ( ^? matt]s ( :i* he pr(esses to r5d] a complete acc\nt1 :ile he leaves beh9d ! *ief "p ( ! ?+s ( :i* ! :ole is compos$8 ,x is true t impati5ce1 ! "m ( #ah /upidity1 praises brevity1 z if su* p]sons _h n life long en\gh to enable !m to acquire a complete k ( "o subject su* z ! human body6 ,& !n !y seek to compreh5d ! m9d ( ,god1 9 :i* ! univ]se is includ$1 weigh+ x & splitt+ x into inf9ite p>ticles1 z if !y _h to dissect x6 ,o human folly6 do/ ?\ n p]ceive t ?\ ha/ be5 ) ?yself all ?y life1 & ?\ art n yet aw>e ( ! ?+ :i* m fully ?an any o!r ?+ ?\ do/ possess1 namely1 ?y own folly8 ,& ?\ desire/ ) ! multitude ( sophi/s to deceive ?yself & o!rs1 despis+ ! ma!matical sci5ces 9 :i* tru? dwells & ! k ( ! ?+s :i* !y conta92 & !n ?\ do/ busy ?yself ) miracles1 & write/ t ?\ ha/ atta9$ to ! k ( ^? ?+s :i* ! human m9d _c compreh5d1 :i* _c be prov$ by any in/ance 9 nature1 & ?\ deeme/ t ?\ ha/ wr\ght a miracle 9 spoil+ ! "w ( "s speculative m9d2 & ?\ p]ceive/ n t ?y error is ! same z t ( a man :o /rips a plant ( ! ornam5t ( its bran*es cov]$ ) leaves1 m+l$ ) fragrant fl[]s & fruits4 ,j z ,ju/9ius did :5 he abridg$ ! /ories writt5 by ,trogus ,pompeius1 :o _h writt5 elaborately ! noble de$s ( 8 =efa!rs1 :i* 7 full ( wond]ful beauties ( /yle2 & ?us #ai he compos$ a b>r5 "w1 wor?y only ( ! impati5t spirits :o deem t !y are wa/+ ! "t :i* !y might usefully employ 9 /udy+ ! works ( nature & mortal affairs4 ,b let su* m5 rema9 9 company ) ! bea/s2 let dogs & o!r animals full ( rap9e be _! c\rti]s1 & let !m be accompani$ ) ^! runn+ ev] at _! heels6 & let ! h>mless animals foll[1 :i* 9 ! season ( ! sn[s come to ! h\ses begg+ alms z f _! ma/]4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature #di4 ,nature is full ( inf9ite causes :i* are beyond ! pale ( exp]i5ce4 #ej4 ,nature 9 creat+ fir/ gives size to ! abode ( ! intellect 7! skull1 ! head71 & !n to ! abode ( ! vital _s 7! *e/74 ,sid5ote3 ,law ( ,necessity #ea4 ,necessity is ! mi/ress & guide ( nature4 ,necessity is ! !me & inv5tress ( nature1 h] curb & h] et]nal law4 #eb4 ,:5 any?+ is ! cause ( any o!r ?+1 & br+s ab\t by its movem5t any effect1 #bj ! movem5t ( ! effect necess>ily foll[s ! movem5t ( ! cause4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ,lightn+ 9 ! ,cl\ds #ec4 ,o mighty & once liv+ in/rum5t ( creative nature1 unable to avail ?yself ( ?y great /r5g? ?\ mu/ ne$s ab&on a life ( tranquillity & obey ! law :i* ,god & "t gave to ,nature ! "m4 ,ah6 h[ (t5 ! fright$ %oals ( dolph9s & great tunny fi% 7 se5 flee+ be=e ?y inhuman wra?2 :il/ ?\1 fulm9at+ ) swift beat+ ( w+s & twi/$ tail1 rais$ 9 ! sea a sudd5 /orm ) buffet+ & s9k+ ( %ips & toss+ ( waves1 fill+ ! nak$ %ores ) t]rifi$ & di/ract$ fi%es4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,human ,eye #ed4 ,s9ce ! eye is ! w9d[ ( ! s\l1 ! s\l is always fe>ful ( los+ x1 s mu* s t if a man is sudd5ly fright5$ by ! motion or an object be=e him1 he does n ) 8 h&s protect 8 he>t1 ! s\rce ( all life2 nor 8 head1 :]e dwells ! "l ( ! s5ses2 nor ! organs ( he>+1 smell & ta/e4 ,b z soon z he feels fright x does n suffice him to close ! lids ( 8 eyes1 keep+ !m %ut ) all 8 might1 b he in/antly turns 9 ! opposite direction2 & /ill n feel+ secure he cov]s 8 eyes ) "o h&1 /ret*+ out ! #ba o!r to w>d (f ! dang] 9 ! direction 9 :i* he suspects x to lie4 ,nature aga9 has orda9$ t ! eye ( man %all close ( itself1 s t rema9+ dur+ 8 sleep )\t protection x %all suff] no hurt4 ,sid5ote3 ,univ]sal ,law #ee4 ,e object naturally seeks to ma9ta9 itself 9 itself4 #ef4 ,! "p always t5ds to reunite ) its :ole 9 ord] to escape f its imp]fection2 ! s\l desires to rema9 ) its body1 because )\t ! organic in/rum5ts ( t body x c nei!r act nor feel4 #eg4 ,! lov] is mov$ by ! object he loves z ! s5ses are by s5sible ?+s2 & !y unite & become "o & ! same4 ,! "w is ! fir/ ?+ :i* is born ( ?is union2 if ! ?+ lov$ is base1 ! lov] becomes base4 ,:5 :at is unit$ is 9 h>mony ) t :i* receives x1 delight1 pleasure & satisfaction ensue4 ,:5 ! lov] is unit$ to ! belov$ he re/s !re2 :5 ! burd5 is laid d[n x f9ds re/ !re4 #eh4 ,a natural action is accompli%$ 9 ! briefe/ mann]4 #bb ,sid5ote3 ,nature ,v>iable & ,inf9ite4 #ei4 ,to su* an ext5t does nature delight & ab\nd 9 v>iety t among h] trees !re is n "o plant to be f\nd :i* is exactly l ano!r2 & n only among ! plants1 b among ! b\ghs1 ! leaves & ! fruits1 y w n f9d "o :i* is exactly simil> to ano!r4 #fj4 ,if nature _h made "o rule = ! quality ( limbs1 ! faces ( m5 w\ld resemble ea* o!r to su* a degree t x w\ld n be possible to di/+ui% "o f ! o!r2 b %e has v>i$ ! five features ( ! face 9 su* a way t1 al?\gh %e has made an almo/ univ]sal rule ) reg>d to _! size1 %e has n done s ) reg>d to _! quality1 s t ea* "o c be cle>ly di/+ui%$ f ! o!r4 #fa4 ,x is an easy matt] = him :o kn[s man to arrive at univ]sal k1 s9ce all t]re/rial animals are simil> 9 reg>d to _! /ructure1 t is to say1 9 reg>d to ! muscles & bones1 & !y d n v>y save 9 height & ?ickness2 !n !re are ! aquatic animals1 & ,i w n p]suade ! pa9t] t any rule c be made ) reg>d to ^! because !y are ( inf9ite v>iety--s are ! insects4 #bc #fb4 ,! body ( any?+ :i* is f$ is cont9ually dy+ & be+ reborn1 s9ce n\ri%m5t _c ent] save :]e ! pa/ n\ri%m5t is exhau/$2 & if x is exhau/$1 x no long] has life1 & if y d n furni% x ) n\ri%m5t equal to t :i* has be5 be=e1 y w impair ! heal? ( ! organism1 & if y deprive x ( ?is n\ri%m5t1 life w be altoge!r de/roy$4 ,b if y supply x ) s mu* z c be consum$ 9 a day1 !n z mu* life w be re/or$ z 0 consum$1 l ! light ( ! c&le :i* is furni%$ to x by ! fuel provid$ by ! moi/ure ( ! c&le1 & ?is light ) mo/ spe$y succ\r re/ores b5ea? :at is consum$ above z x dies 9 dusky smoke2 & ?is dea? is cont9u\s1 likewise ! cont9uity ( ! smoke is equal to ! cont9uity ( ! fuel2 & 9 ! same mom5t ! light dies & is born aga9 toge!r ) ! movem5t ( its fuel4 #fc4 ,man & animals are 9 reality vehicles & conduits ( food1 tombs ( animals1 ho/els ( ,dea?1 cov]+s t consume1 d]iv+ life by ! dea? ( o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,light #fd4 ,look on light & consid] its beauty4 ,%ut y\r #bd eyes1 & look aga93 t :i* y see 0 n !re be=e1 & t :i* 01 no long] is4 ,:o is he :o remakes x if ! produc] is cont9ually dy+8 #fe4 ,anaxagoras3 ,ev]y?+ proce$s f ev]y?+1 & ev]y?+ becomes ev]y?+1 because t :i* exi/s 9 ! elem5ts is compos$ ( ^? elem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature #ff4 ,nature appe>s to h be5 ! cruel /epmo!r r ?an ! "m ( _m animals1 & 9 "s cases n ! /epmo!r1 b ! pity+ "m4 #fg4 ,:y did nature n orda9 t "o animal %\ld n live by ! dea? ( ! o!r8 ,nature1 be+ incon/ant & tak+ pleasure 9 cont9ually creat+ & mak+ lives & =ms1 because %e kn[s t h] e>?ly mat]ials are !reby augm5t$1 is m will+ & swift to create ?an "t is to de/roy2 & s %e has orda9$ t _m animals %all fe$ on ea* o!r4 ,& z ev5 ?us h] desire is n satisfi$1 %e frequ5tly s5ds =? c]ta9 poison\s & pe/il5tial vap\rs ^u ! increas+ multitude & congregation ( animals1 & especially ^u m5 :o increase to a great ext5t1 because o!r animals d n fe$ on !m2 & s9ce !re is no cause1 #be !re w\ld foll[ no effect4 ,?is e>?1 !re=e1 seeks to lose its animal life1 desir+ only cont9ual reproduction1 & z1 by ! logical demon/ration y adduce1 effects (t5 resemble _! causes1 animals are ! image ( ! life ( ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,life's ,philosophy #fh4 ,n[ y see t ! hope & ! desire ( return+ home to "o's =m] /ate is l ! desire ( ! mo? = ! light1 & ! man :o1 ) con/ant ye>n+ & joyful expectancy1 awaits ! new spr+ & ! new summ]1 & e new mon? & ! new ye>1 & ?9ks t :at he longs = is ev] too late 9 com+1 & does n p]ceive t he is long+ = 8 own de/ruction4 ,b ?is desire is ! qu9tess5ce1 ! _s1 ( ! elem5ts1 :i*1 f9d+ itself captive 9 ! s\l ( ! human body1 desires always to return to its giv]4 ,& ,i w\ld h y "k t ?is same desire is ! qu9tess5ce :i* is insep>able f nature1 & t man is ! model ( ! _w4 ,& su* is ! supreme folly ( man t he lab\rs s z to lab\r no m1 & life flies f him :ile he =ev] hopes to enjoy ! goods :i* he has acquir$ at ! price ( great lab\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,s5ses & ! ,s\l #fi4 ,! s\l seems to dwell 9 ! intellect1 & ! intellect appe>s to dwell 9 t "p :]e all #bf ! s5ses meet :i* is call$ ! bra91 & ! bra9 does n p]vade ! :ole body1 z _m h ?\ght2 on ! contr>y1 x dwells entirely 9 "o "p1 because if x 7 all 9 all & ! same 9 e "p1 x w\ld n h be5 necess>y = ! in/rum5ts ( ! s5ses to comb9e among !mselves 9 "o s+le spot2 b r1 x w\ld h be5 suffici5t = ! eye to fulfil ! function ( its s5sation on ! surface )\t transmitt+1 by means ( ! optic n]ves1 ! lik5ess ( its vision to ! bra91 s t ! s\l1 = ! reason giv5 above1 might p]ceive x 9 ! surface ( ! eye4 ,likewise1 ) reg>d to ! s5se ( he>+1 x w\ld h be5 suffici5t if ! voice _h s\nd$ only 9 ! por\s cavity ( ! indurat$ bone :i* lies )9 ! e>1 )\t mak+ any fur!r transit f ?is bone to ! bra91 :i* is its de/9ation & :]e x disc\rses ) common judgem5t4 ,! s5se ( smell1 too1 is likewise compell$ by necessity to proce$ to ! intellect2 ! s5se ( t\* passes ?r\gh ! n]ves & is convey$ to ! bra91 & ^! n]ves div]ge ) inf9ite ramification 9 ! sk91 :i* encloses ! limbs ( ! body & ! entrails4 ,! n]ves convey volition & s5sation to ! muscles1 & ^! n]ves & ! t5dons :i* lie betwe5 ! muscles & ! s9ews give movem5t to !m2 ! muscles & s9ews obey1 & ?is ob$i5ce takes effect by ! decrease #bg ( _! ?ickness1 = 9 swell+ _! l5g? is r$uc$1 & ! t5dons :i* are int]wov5 among ! p>ticles ( ! limbs %r9k1 & z !y ext5d to ! tips ( ! f+]s !y transmit to ! bra9 ! cause ( ! s5se ( t\* :i* !y feel4 ,! t5dons ) _! muscles obey ! n]ves z soldi]s obey _! (fic]s1 & ! n]ves obey ! bra9 z ! (fic]s obey _! capta92 ?us ! jo9t ( ! bones obeys ! t5don1 & ! t5dons obey ! muscles1 & ! muscles obey ! n]ves1 & ! n]ves obey ! bra91 & ! bra9 is ! dwell+ ( ! s\l1 & ! memory is its ammunition & ! p]ception is its refund>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ,s5sation #gj4 ,! bra9 is t :i* p]ceives :at is transmitt$ to x by ! o!r s5ses4 ,! bra9 moves by means ( t :i* is transmitt$ to x by ! five s5ses4 ,motion is transmitt$ to ! s5ses by objects1 & ^! objects1 transmitt+ _! images to ! five s5ses1 are transf]r$ by !m to ! p]ception1 & by ! p]ception to ! bra92 & !re !y are compreh5d$ & committ$ to ! memory1 9 :i*1 accord+ to _! int5sity1 !y are m or less firmly reta9$4 ,! ?9k]s ( anci5t times conclud$ t ! "p ( man :i* con/itutes 8 intellect is caus$ by an in/rum5t to :i* ! o!r five #bh s5ses ref] ev]y?+ by means ( ! p]ception1 & ?is in/rum5t !y h nam$ ! common s5se or bra91 & !y say t ?is s5se is situat$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! head4 ,& !y h giv5 x ?is "n common s5se solely because x is ! common judge ( ! five o!r s5ses1 t is to say1 sight1 he>+1 t\*1 ta/e & smell4 ,! common s5se is /irr$ by means ( ! p]ception :i* is plac$ betwe5 x & ! s5ses4 ,! p]ception is /irr$ by means ( ! images ( ?+s convey$ to x by ! ext]nal in/rum5ts to ! s5ses1 & ^! are plac$ 9 ! c5tre betwe5 ! ext]nal ?+s & ! p]ception1 & ! s5ses likewise are /irr$ by objects4 ,surr\nd+ objects transmit _! images to ! s5ses1 & ! s5ses transf] !m to ! p]ception1 & ! p]ception transf]s !m to ! common s5se 7bra971 & by x !y are /amp$ ^u ! memory1 & are !re reta9$ 9 a great] or less] degree accord+ to ! importance & int5sity ( ! impression4 ,! s5se :i* is mo/ closely connect$ ) ! p]ception is ! mo/ rapid 9 action1 & ?is s5se is ! eye1 ! highe/ & *ief ( ! o!rs2 ( ?is s5se alone we w treat1 & we w leave ! o!rs 9 ord] n to unduly l5g!n our matt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,automatic ,movem5ts #ga4 ,nature has orda9$ = man ! m9i/]+ #bi muscles :i* ex]cise ! s9ews1 & by means ( :i* ! limbs c be mov$ accord+ to ! w & desire ( ! bra91 l to (fic]s di/ribut$ by a rul] ov] _m prov9ces & t[ns1 :o repres5t _! rul] 9 ^! places1 & obey 8 w4 ,& ?is (fic]1 :o w 9 a s+le in/ance h mo/ fai?fully obey$ ! ord]s he receiv$ f 8 ma/] by ^w ( m\?1 w aft]w>ds1 9 a simil> way1 ( 8 own accord fulfil ! wi%es ( 8 ma/]4 ,an example ( ?is c be frequ5tly se5 9 ! f+]s1 :i* le>n to p]=m on an in/rum5t ! ?+s :i* ! intellect comm&s1 & ! lesson once le>nt !y w p]=m x )\t ! aid ( ! intellect4 ,& d n ! muscles :i* cause ! legs to move p]=m _! duty )\t man be+ consci\s ( x8 #gb4 ,y w see palsi$ & %iv]+ p]sons move1 & _! trembl+ limbs1 su* z _! head & h&s1 quiv]1 )\t ! p]mission ( ! s\l1 & ! s\l1 ?\gh x exp5d all its might1 _c prev5t ^! limbs f trembl+4 ,! same ?+ occurs 9 epilepsy or :5 limbs are p>tially truncat$1 z 9 ! case ( tails ( liz>ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,intellect #gc4 ,x happ5s t our intellect is t :i* prompts ! h& to create ! features ( figures 9 #cj div9e aspects until x f9ds satisfaction2 & s9ce ! intellect is "o ( ! tones ( our s\l1 by means ( ! s\l x composes ! =m ( ! body :]e x dwells1 accord+ to its volition4 ,& :5 x has to reproduce a human body1 x takes pleasure 9 repeat+ ! body :i* x orig9ally creat$2 :5ce x foll[s t !y :o fall 9 love are prone to become enam\r$ ( :at resembles !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! ,s5ses #gd4 ,!re are ! f\r p[]s3 memory1 intellect1 s5suality & lu/4 ,! fir/ two are intellectual1 ! o!rs s5sual4 ,( ! five s5ses1 sight1 he>+1 smell are ) difficulty prev5t$2 t\* & ta/e n at all4 ,ta/e foll[s smell 9 ! case ( dogs & o!r gre$y animals4 #ge4 ,:y does ! eye p]ceive ?+s m cle>ly 9 dreams ?an ) ! imag9ation :5 "o is awake8 ,sid5ote3 ,"t #gf4 ,al?\gh "t is includ$ among cont9u\s quantities1 be+ indivisible & immat]ial x does n altoge!r fall into ! scope ( geometry1--by :i* x is divid$ into figures & bodies ( inf9ite v>iety1 :i* are se5 to be cont9u\s inasmu* z !y are visible & mat]ial1--b x agrees only ) its fir/ pr9ciples1 #ca i4e4 ) ! po9t & ! l9e2 ! po9t 9 "t may be comp>$ to an in/ant1 & ! l9e to ! l5g? ( a c]ta9 quantity ( "t4 ,j z ! po9t is ! beg9n+ & end ( a l9e1 s is an in/ant ! beg9n+ & end ( any giv5 space ( "t2 & j z a l9e is inf9itely divisible1 s c a giv5 space ( "t be likewise divid$1 & z ! divisions ( ! l9e are 9 proportion to ea* o!r1 s likewise are ! divisions ( "t4 #gg4 ,9 twelve :ole figures ! cosmography ( ! m9iature _w w be %[n to y 9 ! same mann] z ,ptolemy 9 8 cosmography4 ,& s ,i w divide x aft]w>ds into limbs z he divid$ ! _w into prov9ces2 !n ,i w expla9 ! function ( ! p>ts 9 e direction1 & put be=e y\r eyes a description ( ! :ole figure & sub/ance ( man z reg>ds 8 movem5ts by means ( 8 limbs4 ,& ?us if x please our great au?or ,i w demon/rate ! nature ( man & 8 habits 9 ! way ,i describe 8 =m4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,human ,body #gh4 ,& ?\1 ,o man1 :o wilt gaze 9 ?is "w ( m9e on ! m>vell\s works ( nature1 if ?\ ?9ke/ x w\ld be an act ( wick$ness to de/roy x1 ?9k h[ mu* m wick$ x is to take ! life ( a man2 & if ?is 8 /ructure appe>s to !e a miracul\s "w ( art1 rememb] t #cb x is no?+ 9 comp>ison ) ! s\l :i* inhabits ?is /ructure2 = v]ily1 :atev] x may be1 x is div9e4 ,let x1 !n1 dwell 9 ,8 "w & at ,8 good w1 & let n ?y rage or malice de/roy s great a ?+ z life1 = he :o does n value x does n des]ve x4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,exp]im5tal ,me?od #gi4 ,by ^! rules ?\ wilt be able to di/+ui% falsehood f tru? by means ( :i* k m5 aim at possible ?+s ) great] mod]ation2 & d n veil ?yself 9 ignorance1 = ! result ( ?is w\ld be t ?\ w\ld/ be ineffectual & fall into melan*oly & despair4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ,navigation bel[ ! ,wat]s #hj4 ,h[ by ! aid ( a ma*9e _m may rema9 = "s "t "u wat]4 ,& h[ & :y ,i d n describe my me?od ( rema9+ "u wat] & ( liv+ long )\t food2 & ,i d n publi% nor divulge ^! ?+s by reason ( ! evil nature ( man1 :o w\ld use !m = assass9ations at ! bottom ( ! sea & to de/roy & s9k %ips1 toge!r ) ! m5 on bo>d ( !m2 & not)/&+ ,i w tea* o!r ?+s :i* are n dang]\s4444 ,sid5ote3 ,( ,physiognomy #ha4 ,i w n dwell on false physiognomy & *iromancy #cc because !re is no tru? 9 !m1 & ?is is manife/ because *im]as ( ?is k9d h no sci5tific f\ndation4 ,x is true t ! l9eam5ts ( ! face p>tly reveal ! "* ( m51 _! vices & temp]am5ts2 b 9 ! face3 7a7 ! features :i* sep>ate ! *eeks f ! lips1 & ! no/rils & cavities ( ! eyes1 are /rongly m>k$ if !y belong to *e]ful & good-hum\r$ m51 & if !y are slightly m>k$ x d5otes t ! m5 to :om !y belong are giv5 to m$itation1 7b7 ,^? ^: features /& out 9 great relief & dep? are brutal & bad-temp]$1 & reason little1 7c7 ,^? :o h /rongly m>k$ l9es betwe5 ! eyebr[s are bad-temp]$1 7d7 ,^? :o h /rongly m>k$ l9es on ! =ehead are m5 full ( conceal$ or unconceal$ bewail+4 ,& we c reason ?us ab\t _m features4 ,b ! h&8 ,y w f9d t :ole armies p]i%$ 9 ! same h\r by ! sword 9 :i* no two m5 _h simil> m>ks 9 _! h&s1 & ! same argum5t applies to a %ipwreck4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ,pa9 #hb4 ,nature has plac$ 9 ! front "p ( man1 z he moves1 all ^? p>ts :i* :5 /ruck cause him to feel pa92 & ?is is felt 9 ! jo9ts ( ! legs1 ! =ehead & ! nose1 & has be5 s devis$ = ! pres]vation ( man1 because #cd if su* pa9 7 n felt 9 ^! limbs !y w\ld be de/roy$ by ! _m bl[s !y receive4 ,sid5ote3 ,:y ,plants d n feel ,pa9 #hc4 ,:ile nature has orda9$ t animals %\ld feel pa9 9 ord] t ! in/rum5ts :i* might be liable to be maim$ or m>r$ by motion may be pres]v$1 plants d n come into collision ) ! objects :i* are be=e !m2 :5ce pa9 is n a necessity = !m1 & !re=e :5 !y are brok5 !y d n feel pa91 z animals d4 #hd4 ,lu/ is ! cause ( g5]ation4 ,appetite is ! support ( life4 ,fe> or timidity is ! prolongation ( life4 ,pa9 is ! pres]v] ( ! in/rum5t 7( ! human frame74 ,sid5ote3 ,fe> #he4 ,j z c\rage is ! dang] ( life1 s is fe> its safegu>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,body & ,s\l #hf4 ,let him :o wi%es to see h[ ! s\l inhabits its body obs]ve :at use ! body makes ( its daily habitation2 t is to say1 if ! s\l is full ( confusion & disord] ! body w be kept 9 disord] & confusion by ! s\l4 #ce #hg4 ,! s\l c nev] be corrupt$ ) ! corruption ( ! body1 b x is l ! w9d :i* causes ! s\nd ( ! organ1 & :i* ceases to produce a good effect :5 a pipe is spoilt4 ,sid5ote3 ,memory #hh4 ,e loss :i* we incur leaves beh9d x vexation 9 ! memory1 save ! greate/ loss ( all1 t is1 dea?1 :i* annihilates ! memory1 toge!r ) life4 ,sid5ote3 ,_s #hi4 ,our body is subject to ,heav51 & ,heav5 is subject to ! ,_s4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5se & ,reason #ij4 ,! s5ses are e>?ly2 reason lies outside !m :5 9 contemplation4 #ia4 ,:]e mo/ feel+ exi/s1 !re among/ m>tyrs is ! greate/ m>tyr4 #ib4 ,t :i* c be lo/ _c be deem$ ri*es4 ,virtue is our true weal? & ! true rew>d ( its possessor2 x _c be lo/1 x nev] des]ts u until life leaves u4 ,hold prop]ty & ext]nal ri*es ) fe>2 !y (t5 leave _! possessor scorn$ & mock$ at = hav+ lo/ !m4 #cf ,sid5ote3 ,flight ( ,"t #ic4 ,m5 wrongly lam5t ! flight ( "t1 blam+ x = be+ too swift2 !y d n p]ceive t its passage is suffici5tly long1 b a good memory1 :i* nature has giv5 to u1 causes ?+s long pa/ to seem pres5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,illusions #id4 ,our intellect does n judge ev5ts :i* happ5$ at v>i\s int]vals ( "t 9 _! true proportion1 because _m ?+s :i* happ5$ ye>s ago appe> rec5t & close to ! pres5t1 & (t5 rec5t ?+s appe> old & seem to belong to our pa/ *ildhood4 ,! eye does likewise ) reg>d to di/ant objects :i* 9 ! light ( ! sun appe> to be close to ! eye1 & _m objects :i* are close appe> to be remote4 #ie4 ,let u n lack ways & means ( divid+ & measur+ ^! our wret*$ days1 :i* we ought to take pleasure 9 sp5d+ & liv+ n va9ly & n )\t praise1 nor )\t leav+ any memory 9 ! m9ds ( m51 s t ?is our mis]able exi/5ce may n be sp5t 9 va94 ,sid5ote3 ,virtu\s ,life #if4 ,! age :i* flies glides by 9 /eal? & deceives o!rs2 & no?+ is m swift ?an ! ye>s1 & he :o s[s virtue reaps glory4 #cg ,sid5ote3 ,sleep & ,dea? #ig4 ,o sleep]1 :at is sleep8 ,sleep is l unto dea?4 ,:y do/ ?\ n "w 9 su* wise t aft] dea? ?\ may/ h ! semblance ( p]fect life1 j z dur+ life ?\ ha/ 9 ?y sleep ! semblance ( ! hapless dead8 #ih4 ,! wat] y t\* 9 a riv] is ! la/ ( t :i* has gone1 & ! fir/ ( t :i* is com+3 s x is ) "t pres5t4 #ii4 ,a long life is a life well sp5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,life #ajj4 ,z a well sp5t day af=ds happy sleep1 s does a life pr(itably employ$ af=d a happy dea?4 ,sid5ote3 ,"t ! ,de/roy] #aja4 ,o "t1 consum] ( ?+s6 ,o envi\s age6 ,?\ do/ de/roy all ?+s1 & consume/ all ?+s ) ! h>d tee? ( old age1 little by little 9 a sl[ dea?4 ,hel51 :5 %e look$ 9 h] mirror & saw ! )]$ wr9kles made 9 h] face by old age1 wept1 & wond]$ :y %e _h twice be5 ravi%$4 ,o "t1 dev\r] ( ?+s6 ,o envi\s age1 by :i* all is consum$6 #ch ,sid5ote3 ,on ,fault-f9d]s #ajb4 ,!re exi/s among ! fooli% a c]ta9 sect ( hypocrites :o cont9ually seek to deceive !mselves & o!rs1 b o!rs m ?an !mselves1 ?\gh 9 reality !y deceive !mselves m ?an o!rs4 ,& ^! are !y :o blame ! pa9t]s :o /udy on fea/-days ! ?+s :i* relate to ! true k ( ! =ms ( ! works ( nature1 & s$ul\sly /rive to acquire k ( ^! ?+s to ! be/ ( _! ability4 ,b su* fault-f9d]s pass ov] 9 sil5ce ! fact t ?is is ! true mann] ( kn[+ ! ,artific] ( su* great & m>vell\s ?+s1 & t ?is is ! true way 9 :i* to love s great an ,inv5tor6 ,= great love proce$s f ! p]fect k ( ! ?+ lov$2 & if y d n "k x y c love x b little or n at all2 & if y love x = ! ga9 :i* y anticipate obta9+ f x & n = its supreme virtue1 y are l ! dog :i* wags its tail & %[s signs ( joy1 leap+ t[>ds him :o c give him a bone4 ,b if y knew ! virtue ( a man y w\ld love him m--if t virtue 0 9 its place4 ,sid5ote3 ,pray] #ajc4 ,i obey ,!e1 ,"l1 fir/ = ! love :i* 9 reason ,i ought to be> ,!e2 secondly because ,?\ #ci ha/ ! p[] to %ort5 or prolong ! lives ( m54 #ajd4 ,?\1 ,o ,god1 do/ sell u all good ?+s at ! price ( lab\r4 #aje4 ,& _m make a trade deceiv+ ! fooli% multitude1 & if no "o comes to unmask _! deceits1 !y puni% x4 #ajf4 ,ph>isees1--t is to say1 holy fri>s4 #ajg4 ,no?+ c be writt5 by means ( new rese>*es4 ,sid5ote3 ,pati5ce #ajh4 ,pati5ce s]ves aga9/ insults z clo!s d aga9/ ! cold2 s9ce if y multiply y\r clo!s z ! cold increases1 ! cold _c hurt y4 ,simil>ly1 let ?y pati5ce increase "u great (f5ces1 & !y w n be able to hurt y\r feel+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,advice to a ,speak] #aji4 ,words :i* d n satisfy ! e> ( ! li/5] w always we>y or annoy him2 & y w (t5 see signs ( ?is 9 su* li/5]s 9 _! frequ5t yawns4 ,!re=e1 y :o speak be=e m5 ^: good op9ion y seek1 :5 y #dj obs]ve su* signs ( vexation1 %ort5 y\r spee* or v>y y\r argum5t2 & if y d o!rwise1 !n in/ead ( ! fav\r y seek y w incur hate & ho/ility4 ,& if y w\ld see :at gives pleasure to a man speak to him on v>i\s !mes1 & :5 y see him int5t1 )\t yawn+1 or contract+ 8 br[1 or p]=m+ o!r actions1 !n be c]ta9 t ! matt] ( :i* y are speak+ is su* z af=ds him pleasure4 ,sid5ote3 ,advice #aaj4 ,"h is a ?+ :i* ! m x is ne$$ ! m x is reject$3 & ?is is advice1 :i* is unwill+ly he$$ by ^? :o mo/ ne$ x1 t is to say1 by ! ignorant4 ,"h is a ?+ :i* ! m y fe> & avoid x ! ne>] y approa* to x1 & ?is is mis]y2 ! m y flee f x ! m mis]able & re/less y w become4 ,:5 ! "w comes up to ! /&>d ( ! judgem5t1 ?is is a bad sign = ! judgem5t2 & :5 ! "w excels ! /&>d ( ! judgem5t1 ?is is ! wor/ sign1 z occurs :5 a man m>vels at hav+ work$ s well2 & :5 ! /&>d ( ! judgem5t exce$s t fulfill$ by ! "w1 ?is is a sign ( p]fection2 & if ! man is "y & be ?us dispos$1 he w )\t d\bt gr[ into an excell5t workman3 he w only accompli% few works4 ,b !y w #da be ( a quality :i* w compel m5 to contemplate _! p]fection ) admiration4 ,sid5ote3 ,prov]bs #aaa4 ,no?+ %\ld be s greatly fe>$ z empty fame4 ,?is empty fame issues f vices4 ,a brok5 vase ( clay c be remodell$1 b ?is is no long] possible :5 x has be5 bak$4 ,! v[ is born :5 hope dies4 ,! beautiful is n always ! good4 ,& ! f9e talk]s lab\r "u ?is error )\t any reason4 ,he :o wi%es to gr[ ri* 9 a day w be hang$ 9 a ye>4 ,! memory ( b5efits is a frail def5ce aga9/ +ratitude4 ,reprove y\r fri5d 9 secret & praise him 9 public4 ,he :o fe>s dang]s w n p]i% by !m4 ,! evil :i* does me no h>m is l ! good :i* 9 no wise avails me4 ,he :o (f5ds o!rs is n himself secure4 ,be n false ab\t ! pa/4 ,folly is ! %ield ( lies1 j z unread9ess is ! def5ce ( pov]ty4 ,:]e !re is lib]ty1 !re is no rule4 #db ,"h is a ?+ :i* ! m x is he$$ ! m x is spurn$1--advice4 ,x is ill to praise1 & worse to blame1 ! ?+ :i* y d n und]/&4 ,on ,m\nt ,etna ! words freeze 9 y\r m\? & y make ice ( !m4 ,?reats are ! only weapons ( ! ?reat5$ man4 ,ask advice ( him :o gov]ns himself well4 ,ju/ice ne$s p[]1 intellig5ce & w1 & is l ! ,que5 ,bee4 ,n to puni% evil is equival5t to au?oriz+ x4 ,he :o takes ! snake by ! tail w be bitt5 by x4 ,! pit w fall 9 ^u him :o digs x4 ,he :o does n re/ra9 voluptu\sness is 9 ! category ( ! bea/s4 ,y c h no dom9ion great] or less ?an t ov] y\rself4 ,he :o ?9ks little errs mu*4 ,x is easi] to cont5d at ! fir/ ?an at ! la/4 ,no c\nsel is m s9c]e ?an t giv5 on %ips :i* are 9 dang]4 ,let him :o acts on ! advice ( ! "y expect loss4 ,y gr[ 9 reputation l bread 9 ! h&s ( a *ild4 #dc ,_c beauty & utility be comb9$--z appe>s 9 citadels & m58 ,he :o is )\t fe> (t5 incurs great losses1 & is (t5 full ( regret4 ,if y gov]n$ y\r body accord+ to virtue y w\ld n live 9 ?is _w4 ,:]e good =tune ent]s1 envy lays siege to h] & attacks h]1 & :5 %e dep>ts sorr[ & regret rema9 beh9d4 ,:5 beauty exi/s side by side ) ugl9ess1 ! "o seems m p[]ful1 ow+ to ! pres5ce ( ! o!r4 ,he :o walks /raight r>ely falls4 ,o mis]able race ( man6 ( h[ _m ?+s y make y\rself ! slave = ! sake ( money6 ,! wor/ evil :i* c befall ! arti/ is t 8 "w %\ld appe> good 9 8 own eyes4 ,to speak well ( a bad man is ! same z speak+ ill ( a good man4 ,tru? orda9s t ly+ tongues %all be puni%$ by ! lie4 ,he :o does n value life does n des]ve x4 ,! beautiful works ( mortals pass & d n endure4 ,lab\r flies ) fame almo/ hidd5 9 its arm4 ,! gold 9 +ots is ref9$ 9 ! fire4 #dd ,! %uttle says3 ,i w cont9ue to move until ! clo? is wov54 ,ev]y?+ t is crook$ is /raight5$4 ,great ru9 proce$s f a slight cause4 ,f9e gold is recogniz$ :5 x is te/$4 ,! image w correspond to ! die4 ,! wall w fall on him :o scrapes x4 ,ivy lives long4 ,to ! traitor1 dea? is life1 because if he makes use ( o!rs he is no long] believ$4 ,:5 =tune comes seize h] 9 front firmly1 because beh9d %e is bald4 ,con/ancy means1 n he :o beg9s1 b he :o p]sev]es4 ,i d n yield to ob/acles4 ,e ob/acle is ov]come by resolve4 ,he :o is *a9$ to a /> does n *ange4 ,sid5ote3 ,tru? #aab4 ,fire de/roys falsehood1--t is to say1 sophi/ry1--& rehabilitates tru?1 scatt]+ ! d>kness4 ,fire mu/ be repres5t$ z ! consum] ( all sophi/ry & ! reveal] ( tru?1 because x is light & scatt]s d>kness :i* conceals all ess5ces4 ,fire de/roys all sophi/ry1--t is to say1 deceit1--& pres]ves tru? alone1 :i* is gold4 #de ,tru? _c be conceal$ 9 ! end1 dissimulation is ( no avail4 ,dissimulation is fru/rat$ be=e s great a judge4 ,falsehood puts on a mask4 ,!re is no?+ hidd5 "u ! sun4 ,fire mu/ repres5t tru? because x de/roys all sophi/ry & lies1 & ! mask is = sophi/ry & lies1 :i* conceal tru?4 #aac4 ,r privation ( limbs ?an we>9ess ( do+ good4 ,! p[] ( us+ my limbs %all fail me be=e ! p[] ( be+ useful4 ,r dea? ?an we>9ess4 ,i _c be satiat$ ) s]v+4 ,i d n we>y ( giv+ help4 ,no am\nt ( "w is suffici5t to we>y me4 ,?is is a c>nival motto3 ,s9e lassitud9e4 ,h&s 9 :i* ducats & preci\s /ones ab\nd l sn[ nev] gr[ we>y ( s]v+1 b su* a s]vice is = its utility only & n = our pr(it4 ,nature has =m$ me ?us4 ,sid5ote3 ,+ratitude #aad4 ,?is %all be plac$ 9 ! h& ( +ratitude3 ,! wood n\ri%es ! fire t consumes x4 ,:5 ! sun1 ! scatt]] ( d>kness1 %9es1 y put out ! light :i* = y 9 p>ticul>1 & = y\r ne$ & conv5i5ce1 expell$ ! d>kness4 ,sid5ote3 ,physiological ,inf]iority ( ,man #aae4 ,i h f\nd t 9 ! composition ( ! human body z comp>$ ) ! bodies ( #df animals ! s5ses are less subtle & co>s]2 x is ?us compos$ ( less +5i\s ma*9]y & ( cells less capable ( receiv+ ! p[] ( s5ses4 ,i h se5 t 9 ! lion ! s5se ( smell is connect$ ) ! sub/ance ( ! bra9 & desc5ds ?r\gh ! no/rils :i* =m an ample receptacle = x2 & x ent]s into a great numb] ( c>tilag9\s cells :i* are provid$ ) _m passages 9 ord] to receive ! bra94 ,a l>ge "p ( ! head ( ! lion is giv5 up to ! sockets ( ! eyes1 & ! optic n]ves are 9 imm$iate contact ) ! bra92 ! contr>y occurs 9 man1 because ! sockets ( ! eyes occupy a small portion ( ! head1 & ! optic n]ves are subtle & long & weak1 & ow+ to ! weakness ( _! action we see little by day & less at night2 & ! animals above m5tion$ see bett] at night ?an 9 ! daytime2 & ! pro( ( ?is is t !y seek _! prey at night & sleep dur+ ! daytime1 z d also ! nocturnal birds4 ,sid5ote3 ,man's ,e?ical ,inf]iority #aaf4 ,?\ ha/ describ$ him k+ ( animals1 b ,i w\ld r say1 k+ ( bea/s1 ?\ be+ ! greate/--= ha/ ?\ n sla9 !m 9 ord] t !y may give !e _! *ildr5 to glut ?y gre$ ) :i* ?\ ha/ /riv5 to make a sepul*re = all animals8 ,& ,i w\ld say /ill m if ,i might speak ! :ole tru?4 ,b let u #dg conf9e ourselves to human matt]s1 relat+ "o supreme infamy1 :i* is n to be f\nd among ! animals ( ! e>?2 because among ^! y w n f9d animals :o eat _! "y1 except :5 !y are utt]ly fooli% 7& !re are few inde$ ( su* among !m71 & ?is occurs only among ! bea/s ( prey1 su* z ! lions1 & leop>ds1 pan!rs1 lynxes1 cats & ! l1 :i* sometimes fe$ on _! "y2 b ?\1 besides ?y *ildr51 do/ dev\r ?y fa!r1 ?y "m1 ?y bro!r & ?y fri5ds2 & n satisfi$ ) ?is1 ?\ goe/ =? to hunt on ! isl&s ( o!rs1 seiz+ o!r m5 & ^! half nak$ 444 ?\ fatt5e/ & *ase/ !m d[n ?y own ?roat4 ,n[ does n nature produce en\gh vegetables = !e to satisfy ?yself8 ,& if ?\ art n cont5t ) vegetables1 can/ ?\ n by a mixture ( !m make inf9ite comp\nds z ,plat9a wrote1 & o!r writ]s on food8 ,sid5ote3 ,man 9 ! ,animal ,_w #aag4 ,! description ( man1 includ+ t ( su* creatures belong+ almo/ to ! same species1 su* z apes1 monkeys & ! l1 ( :i* !re are _m4 #aah4 ,! way ( walk+ 9 man is simil> 9 all cases to ! univ]sal way ( walk+ 9 f\r-foot$ animals1 because1 j z !y move _! feet #dh crosswise1 l a trott+ horse1 s man moves 8 f\r limbs crosswise1 t is to say1 9 walk+ he puts =w>d 8 "r foot simultane\sly ) 8 left arm1 & s on vice v]sa4 #aai4 ,write a special treatise to describe ! movem5ts ( f\r-foot$ animals1 among :i* is man1 :o 9 8 *ildhood also walks on f\r feet4 ,sid5ote3 ,fragm5t ( a ,lett] #abj4 ,!re is "o :o hav+ promis$ me mu* less ?an 8 due1 & be+ disappo9t$ ( 8 presumptu\s desire1 has tri$ to deprive me ( all my fri5ds2 & f9d+ !m wise & n pliable to 8 w1 he has ?reat5$ me t he w\ld br+ accusations aga9/ me & ali5ate my b5efactors f me3 h5ce ,i h in=m$ ,y\r ,lord%ip ( ?is1 s t ?is man1 :o wi%es to s[ ! usual sc&als1 may n f9d a soil fit = s[+ ! ?\ghts & de$s ( 8 evil nature2 & t :5 he tries to make ,y\r ,lord%ip ! tool ( 8 infam\s & malici\s nature he may be disappo9t$ ( 8 desire4 ,sid5ote3 ,giacomo ( ,pupil ( ,leon>do #aba4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,april1 #adij1 ,i began ?is book2 & />t$ aga9 on ! horse4 ,giacomo came to live ) me on ,sa9t ,m>y ,magdal5's day 9 #adij2 #di he 0 t5 ye>s old4 ,he 0 a ?ief1 a li>1 ob/9ate1 & a glutton4 ,on ! second day ,i _h two %irts made = him1 a pair ( socks & a j]k91 & :5 ,i plac$ ! money aside to pay = ^! ?+s1 he /ole x out ( ! purse & ,i c\ld nev] =ce him to confess ! fact1 ?\gh ,i 0 q c]ta9 ( x--#d lire4 ,on ! foll[+ day ,i w5t to sup ) ,giacomo ,&rea1 & ?is same ,giacomo supp$ = two & did mis*ief = f\r1 s9ce he broke ?ree bottles1 spill$ ! w9e1 & aft] ?is came to sup :]e ,i444 ,item3 on ! #g? ( ,septemb] he /ole a silv] po9t1 wor? twelve soldi1 f ,m>co1 :o 0 liv+ ) me1 & took x f 8 /udio2 & :5 ,m>co _h look$ = x = "s "t he f\nd x hidd5 9 ,giacomo's box--lire #a1 soldi #b4 ,item3 on ! #bf? ( ! foll[+ ,janu>y1 be+ 9 ! h\se ( ,mess] ,galeazzo di ,san ,sev]9o1 9 ord] to arrange ! fe/ivity ( 8 j\/1 & c]ta9 h5*m5 hav+ undress$ to try on ! co/umes ( ru/ics :o 7 to take "p 9 ! a=esaid fe/ivity1 ,giacomo took ! purse ( "o ( !m1 :i* 0 on ! b$ ) o!r clo!s1 & /ole ! money he f\nd 9 x--#b lire1 #d soldi4 ,item3 ,mae/ro ,ago/9o ( ,padua gave me :ile ,i 0 9 ! same h\se a ,turki% hide to h a pair ( %oes made ( x1 & ,giacomo /ole ?is f me )9 a mon? & sold x to a cobbl] = #bj soldi1 ) :i* money by 8 own confession he b\ght sweets ( anise$4 ,item3 #ej aga91 on ! #b;d ( ,april1 ,giovanni ,antonio left a silv] po9t on "o ( 8 draw+s1 & ,giacomo /ole x2 x 0 wor? #bd soldi1--#a lire1 #d soldi4 ,! fir/ ye> a cloak1 #b lire2 six %irts1 #d lire2 ?ree d\blets1 #f lire3 f\r pairs ( socks1 #g lire1 #h soldi4 #abb4 ,& 9 ?is case ,i "k t ,i %all make n a few enemies1 s9ce no "o w believe :at ,i say ( him2 because !re are b few :om 8 vices h disgu/$1 inde$ !y only disgu/$ ^? m5 ^: natures are contr>y to su* vices2 & _m hate _! fa!rs & break (f fri5d%ip ) ^? :o reprove _! vices1 & !y w h no examples br\ght up aga9/ !m1 nor tol]ate any advice4 ,& if y meet ) any "o :o is good & virtu\s drive him n away f y1 d him hon\r1 s t he may n h to flee f y & hide 9 h]mitages1 or cav]ns & o!r solit>y spots1 9 ord] to escape f y\r trea*]y2 & if !re be su* an "o d him hon\r1 because ^! are y\r gods ^u e>?1 !y des]ve /atues f y & images 444 b rememb] t y are n to eat _! images1 z is practis$ /ill 9 "s p>ts ( ,india1 :]e1 :5 images h p]=m$ "s miracle1 ! prie/s cut !m 9 pieces 7s9ce !y are ( wood7 & di/ribute !m among ! p ( ! c\ntry1 n #ea )\t paym5t1 & ea* "o grates 8 portion v f9e & puts x ^u ! fir/ food he eats2 & ?us !y believe t !y h eat5 _! sa9t by fai?1 :o w pres]ve !m f all p]ils4 ,:at is ?y op9ion1 ,o man1 ( ?y own species8 ,art ?\ s wise z ?\ believe/ to be8 ,are ^! ?+s to be done by m58 ,sid5ote3 ,pleasure & ,pa9 #abc4 ,?is repres5ts pleasure toge!r ) pa9 because "o is nev] sep>at$ f ! o!r2 !y are depict$ back to back because !y are oppos$ to ea* o!r2 !y are repres5t$ 9 "o body because !y h ! same basis1 because ! s\rce ( pleasure is lab\r m+l$ ) pa91 & ! pa9 issues f ! v>i\s evil pleasures4 ,& x is !re=e repres5t$ ) a re$ 9 its "r h& :i* is ineffectual & devoid ( /r5g?1 & ! w\nds inflict$ by x are poison\s4 ,9 ,tuscany su* re$s are plac$ to support b$s1 to signify t ?is is ! place ( idle dreams1 t "h a great "p ( life is consum$1 "h mu* useful "t is wa/$1 t is1 ! morn+ h\rs :5 ! m9d is sob] & re/$ & ! body dispos$ to />t on fre% lab\rs2 !re1 aga91 _m va9 pleasures are enjoy$ by ! m9d1 :i* pictures to itself impossible ?+s1 & by ! body1 :i* indulges 9 ^? pleasures t are s (t5 ! cause ( ! #eb fail+ ( life2 & = ?is reason ! re$ is us$ z _! support4 ,sid5ote3 ,bra9 & ,s\l #abd4 ,! _s returns to ! bra9 :5ce x _h dep>t$1 ) a l\d voice & utt]+ ^! words3 ,o blissful & =tunate _s1 :5ce come/ ?\8 ,i h kn[n ?is man well1 aga9/ my w4 ,he is a receptacle ( villa9y1 he is a v heap ( ! highe/ +ratitude comb9$ ) all ! o!r vices4 ,b :y %\ld ,i tire myself ) va9 words8 ,no?+ is to be f\nd 9 him save ! accumulation ( all s9s1 & if !re is to be f\nd among !m any t possess good1 !y w n be treat$ diff]5tly ?an ,i h be5 by o!r m52 9 %ort ,i h come to ! conclusion t !y are bad if !y are enemies1 & worse if !y are fri5ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! ,eye #abe4 ,! eye1 :i* reflects ! beauty ( ! univ]se to ^? :o see1 is s excell5t a ?+ t he :o cons5ts to its loss deprives himself ( ! spectacle ( ! works ( nature2 & x is ow+ to ?is spectacle1 effect$ by means ( ! eye1 :i* enables ! s\l to behold ! v>i\s objects ( nature1 t ! s\l is cont5t to rema9 9 ! prison ( ! body2 b he :o loses 8 eyesight leaves ! s\l 9 a d>k prison1 :]e #ec all hope ( once m behold+ ! sun1 ! light ( ! :ole _w1 is lo/4444 ,& h[ _m are !y :o feel great hatr$ = ! d>kness ( night1 al?\gh x is brief4 ,oh6 :at w\ld !y d 7 !y con/ra9$ to abide 9 ?is d>kness dur+ ! :ole ( _! life8 ,c]ta9ly !re is no "o :o w\ld n r lose 8 he>+ or 8 s5se ( smell ?an 8 eyesight1 & ! loss ( he>+ includes ! loss ( all sci5ces :i* f9d expression 9 words2 & ?is loss a man w\ld incur solely s z n to be depriv$ ( ! sight ( ! beauty ( ! _w :i* consi/s 9 ! surfaces ( bodies artificial z well z natural1 :i* are reflect$ 9 ! human eye4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,eye 9 ,animal ,life #abf4 ,animals suff] great] loss 9 los+ _! sight ?an _! he>+ = _m reasons3 fir/ly1 because x is by means ( _! sight t !y f9d ! food :i* is _! n\ri%m5t1 & is necess>y = all animals2 secondly1 because by means ( sight ! beauty ( creat$ ?+s is appreh5d$1 especially ^? :i* lead to love1 :ile he :o is born bl9d _c appreh5d su* beauty by he>+1 because he has nev] receiv$ any k z to :at is beauty ( any k9d4 ,!re rema9s he>+1 by :i* ,i mean only ! human voice & spee*2 !y conta9 ! names ( all ?+s :atsoev]4 ,x is possible to live happily )\t ! k ( ^! #ed words1 z is se5 9 ^? :o are born deaf1 t is to say1 ! dumb1 :o take delight 9 draw+4 ,sid5ote3 ,asc5sion ( ,monte ,rosa #abg4 ,i say t ! azure we see 9 ! atmosph]e is n its true col\r1 b is caus$ by w>m moi/ure evaporat$ 9 m9ute & ins5sible atoms :i* ! sol> rays /rike1 r5d]+ !m lum9\s aga9/ ! d>kness ( ! inf9ite night ( ! fi]y region :i* lies beyond & includes !m4 ,& ?is may be se51 z ,i saw x1 by him :o asc5ds ,m\nboso 7,monte ,rosa71 a peak ( ! ,alps :i* sep>ates ,france f ,italy4 ,! base ( ?is m\nta9 gives bir? to ! f\r l>ge riv]s :i* 9 f\r diff]5t directions wat] ! :ole ( ,europe2 & no m\nta9 has its base at s great a height z ?is4 ,x rises to su* a height t x almo/ lifts itself up above ! cl\ds2 sn[ seldom falls on x1 b only hail 9 summ]1 :5 ! cl\ds are at _! greate/ height1 & ?is hail is pres]v$ !re s t 7 x n = ! absorption ( ! ris+ & fall+ cl\ds1 :i* does n occur twice 9 an age1 a great quantity ( ice w\ld be pil$ up !re by ! hail1 :i* 9 ! middle ( ,july ,i f\nd to be v consid]able2 & ,i saw above me ! d>k air1 & ! sun :i* /ruck ! m\nta9 %one f> light] ?an 9 ! pla9s bel[1 because a less] quantity ( atmosph]e lay betwe5 ! summit ( ! m\nta9 & ! sun4 #ee ,sid5ote3 ,prophecies #abh4 ,m5 w communicate ) ea* o!r f ! mo/ di/ant c\ntries1 & reply4 ,_m w ab&on _! own habitations & take ) !m _! own goods1 & g & inhabit o!r c\ntries4 ,m5 w pursue ! ?+ :i* !y mo/ greatly fe>2 t is to say1 !y w be mis]able 9 ord] to avoid fall+ into mis]y4 ,m5 /&+ 9 sep>ate hemisph]es w conv]se ) ea* o!r1 embrace ea* o!r1 & und]/& ea* o!r's language4 #abi4 ,we %\ld n desire ! impossible4 #ei ,,ii ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,art 99 99 99 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ decl9es :5 alo( f ,nature ,! pa9t]'s "w w be ( little m]it if he takes ! pa9t+ ( o!rs z 8 /&>d1 b if he /udies f nature he w produce good fruits2 z is se5 9 ! case ( ! pa9t]s ( ! age aft] ! ,romans1 :o cont9u$ to imitate "o ano!r & ^: art consequ5tly decl9$ f age to age4 ,aft] ^! came ,giotto ! ,flor5t9e1 :o 0 born 9 ! lonely m\nta9s1 inhabit$ only by goats & simil> animals2 & he1 be+ drawn to 8 art by nature1 began to draw on ! rocks ! do+s ( ! goats ( :i* he 0 ! keep]2 & ?us he likewise began to draw all ! animals :i* he met ) 9 ! c\ntry3 s t aft] long /udy he surpass$ n only all ! ma/]s ( 8 age1 b all ^? ( _m pa/ c5turies4 ,aft] him art relaps$ once m1 because all arti/s imitat$ ! pa9t$ pictures1 & ?us f c5tury to c5tury x w5t on decl9+1 until ,tomaso ! ,flor5t9e1 call$ ,masaccio1 prov$ by 8 p]fect "w t !y :o set up = !mselves a /&>d o!r ?an nature1 ! mi/ress ( all ma/]s1 lab\r 9 va94 #fj ,?us ,i wi% to say1 9 reg>d to ^! ma!matical matt]s1 t !y :o m]ely /udy ! ma/]s & n ! works ( nature are ! gr&*ildr51 & n ! *ildr51 ( nature1 ! mi/ress ( good ma/]s4 ,i abhor ! supreme folly ( ^? :o blame ! disciples ( nature 9 defiance ( ^? ma/]s :o 7 !mselves h] pupils4 ,sid5ote3 ,its ,orig9 #b4 ,! fir/ picture 0 a s+le l9e1 drawn r\nd ! %ad[ ( a man ca/ by ! sun on ! wall4 #c4 ,va/ness ( ! field ( pa9t+3 ,all t is visible is includ$ 9 ! sci5ce ( pa9t+4 ,sid5ote3 ,def5ce ( ,pa9t+ #d4 ,) due lam5tation ,pa9t+ compla9s t x has be5 expell$ f ! lib]al arts1 because x is ! true daught] ( nature & is practis$ by means ( ! mo/ wor?y ( ! s5ses4 ,:5ce wrongly1 ,o writ]s1 y h exclud$ pa9t+ f ! lib]al arts1 s9ce x n only includes 9 its range ! works ( nature1 b also inf9ite ?+s :i* nature nev] creat$4 #e4 ,because writ]s h _h no k ( ! sci5ce ( pa9t+1 !y h n be5 able to #fa describe its gradations & p>ts1 & s9ce pa9t+ itself does n reveal itself nor its arti/ic "w 9 words1 x has rema9$1 ow+ to ignorance1 beh9d ! sci5ces m5tion$ above1 b x has !reby lo/ no?+ ( its div9ity4 ,& truly x is n )\t reason t m5 h fail$ to hon\r x1 because x does hon\r to itself )\t ! aid ( ! spee* ( o!rs1 j z d ! excell5t works ( nature4 ,& if ! pa9t]s h n describ$ ! art ( pa9t+1 & r$uc$ x to a sci5ce1 ! fault mu/ n be imput$ to pa9t+ & x is no less noble on t acc\nt1 s9ce few pa9t]s pr(ess a k ( lett]s1 z _! life w\ld n be long en\gh = !m to acquire su* k4 ,!re=e we ask1 ,is ! virtue ( h]bs1 /ones & plants non-exi/5t because m5 h be5 ignorant ( x8 ,c]ta9ly n2 b we w say t ^! h]bs rema9$ noble 9 !mselves )\t ! aid ( human tongues or lett]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ #f4 ,a sci5ce is m useful 9 proportion z its fruits are m widely und]/ood1 & ?us1 on ! o!r h&1 x is less useful 9 proportion z x is less widely und]/ood4 ,! fruits ( pa9t+ c be appreh5d$ by all ! populations ( ! univ]se because its results are subject to ! p[] ( sight1 & x does n pass by ! e> to ! bra91 b by ! same *annel by :i* #fb sight passes4 ,!re=e x ne$s no int]pret]s ( div]se tongues1 z lett]s d1 & x has in/antly satisfi$ ! human race 9 ! same mann] z ! works ( nature h done4 ,& n only ! human race1 b o!r animals2 z 0 %[n 9 a picture repres5t+ ! fa!r ( a family to :om little *ildr5 /ill 9 ! cradle gave c>esses1 z did ! dog & ! cat 9 ! same h\se2 & x 0 a wond]ful ?+ to see su* a sight4 #g4 ,! arts :i* admit ( exact reproduction are su* t ! disciple is on ! same level z ! creator1 & s x is ) _! fruits4 ,^! are useful to ! imitator1 b are n ( su* high excell5ce z ^? :i* _c be transmitt$ z an inh]itance l o!r sub/ances4 ,among ^! pa9t+ is ! fir/4 ,pa9t+ _c be taught to him on :om nature has n conf]r$ ! gift ( receiv+ su* k1 z ma!matics c be taught1 ( :i* ! disciple receives z mu* z ! ma/] gives him2 x _c be copi$1 z lett]s c be1 9 :i* ! copy equals ! orig9al2 x _c be /amp$1 9 ! same way z sculpture1 9 :i* ! impression is 9 proportion to ! s\rce z reg>ds ! quality ( ! "w2 x does n g5]ate c\ntless *ildr51 z d pr9t$ books4 ,x alone rema9s noble1 x alone conf]s hon\r on its au?or & rema9s preci\s #fc & unique1 & does n beget *ildr5 equal to itself4 ,& x is m excell5t by reason ( ?is quality ?an by reason ( ^? :i* are ev]y:]e proclaim$4 ,n[ d we n see ! great mon>*s ( ! ,ea/ go+ ab\t veil$ & cov]$ up f ! fe> ( dim9i%+ _! glory by ! manife/ation & ! divulgation ( _! pres5ce8 & d we n see t ! pictures :i* repres5t ! div9e deity are kept cov]$ up ) ine/imable veils8 _! unveil+ is prec$$ by great sacr$ solemnities ) v>i\s *ants & div]se music1 & :5 !y are unveil$1 ! va/ multitude ( p :o are !re flock$ toge!r1 imm$iately pro/rate !mselves & wor%ip & invoke ^? :om su* pictures repres5t t !y may rega9 _! lo/ hol9ess & w9 et]nal salvation1 j z if ! deity 7 pres5t 9 ! fle%4 ,?is does n occur 9 any o!r art or "w ( man4 ,& if y say t is ow+ to ! nature ( ! subject depict$ r ?an to ! g5ius ( ! pa9t]1 ! answ] is t ! m9d ( man c\ld satisfy itself equally well 9 ?is case1 7 ! man to rema9 9 b$ & n make pilgrimages to places :i* are p]il\s & h>d ( access1 z we s (t5 see is ! case4 ,b if su* pilgrimages cont9ually exi/1 :at is !n _! unnecess>y cause8 ,y w c]ta9ly admit t x is an image ( ?is k9d1 & all ! writ+s 9 ! _w c\ld n succe$ 9 repres5t+ ! #fd semblance & ! p[] ( su* a deity4 ,!re=e x appe>s t ?is deity takes pleasure 9 ! pictures & is pleas$ t x %\ld be lov$ & rev]$1 & takes a great] delight 9 be+ wor%ipp$ 9 t r ?an 9 any o!r semblance ( itself1 & by reason ( ?is x be/[s grace & gifts ( salvation accord+ to ! belief ( ^? :o meet toge!r 9 su* a place4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ excels all ! ,works ( ,man #h4 ,! eye1 :i* is call$ ! w9d[ ( ! s\l1 is ! pr9cipal means by :i* ! bra9 c mo/ abundantly & spl5didly contemplate ! inf9ite works ( nature2 & ! e> is ! next 9 ord]1 :i* is ennobl$ by he>+ ! recital ( ! ?+s se5 by ! eye4 ,if y1 hi/orians & poets1 or ma!maticians1 _h n se5 ?+s ) ! eyes1 y c\ld n report ( !m 9 writ+4 ,if ?\1 ,o poet1 do/ tell a /ory ) ?y pa9t+ p51 ! pa9t] w m easily give satisfaction 9 tell+ x ) 8 bru% & 9 a mann] less t$i\s & m easily und]/ood4 ,& if ?\ calle/ pa9t+ mute poetry1 ! pa9t] c call poetry bl9d pa9t+4 ,n[ consid] :i* is ! great] loss1 to be bl9d or dumb8 ,?\gh ! poet is z free z ! pa9t] 9 8 creations & compositions1 !y are n s satisfactory to m5 z pa9t+s1 because if poetry is able to describe =ms1 actions & places 9 words1 ! pa9t] deals ) ! v #fe semblance ( =ms 9 ord] to repres5t !m4 ,n[ consid] :i* is ne>] to man1 ! "n ( man or ! image ( man8 ,! "n ( man v>ies 9 div]se c\ntries1 b dea? alone *anges 8 =m4 ,if ?\ wa/ to say t pa9t+ is m la/+1 ,i answ] t ! works ( a copp]smi?1 :i* "t pres]ves long] ?an ?9e or ours1 are m et]nal /ill4 ,nev]!less !re is b little inv5tion 9 x1 & pa9t+ on copp] ) col\rs ( enamel is f> m la/+4 ,we by our art c be call$ ! gr&sons ( ,god4 ,if poetry deals ) moral philosophy1 pa9t+ deals ) natural philosophy2 if poetry describes ! action ( ! contemplative m9d1 pa9t+ repres5ts ! effect 9 motion ( ! action ( ! m9d2 if poetry t]rifies p ) ! pictures ( ,hell1 pa9t+ does ! same by depict+ ! same ?+s 9 action4 ,if a poet *all5ges ! pa9t] to repres5t beauty1 fi]c5ess1 or an evil1 an ugly or a mon/r\s ?+1 :atev] v>iety ( =ms he may produce 9 8 way1 ! pa9t] w cause great] satisfaction4 ,are !re n pictures to be se5 s l reality t !y deceive m5 & animals8 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ creates ,reality #i4 ,! imag9ation is to ! effect z ! %ad[ to ! opaque body :i* causes ! %ad[1 & ! proportion is ! same betwe5 poetry & pa9t+4 ,because poetry produces its results 9 ! #ff imag9ation ( ! read]1 & pa9t+ produces !m 9 a concrete reality outside ! eye1 s t ! eye receives its images j z if !y 7 ! works ( nature2 & poetry produces its results )\t images1 & !y d n pass to ! bra9 ?r\gh ! *annel ( ! visual faculty1 z 9 pa9t+4 #aj4 ,pa9t+ repres5ts to ! bra9 ! works ( nature ) great] tru? & accuracy ?an spee* or writ+1 b lett]s repres5t words ) great] tru?1 :i* pa9t+ does n d4 ,b we say t ! sci5ce :i* repres5ts ! works ( nature is m wond]ful ?an t :i* repres5ts ! works ( ! artific]1 t is to say1 ! works ( man1 :i* consi/ ( words--su* z poetry & ! l--:i* issue f ! tongue ( man4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pa9t] goes to ,nature #aa4 ,pa9t+ m9i/]s to a nobl] s5se ?an poetry1 depicts ! =ms ( ! works ( nature ) great] tru? ?an poetry2 & ! works ( nature are nobl] ?an ! words :i* are ! works ( man1 because !re is ! same proportion betwe5 ! works ( man & ^? ( nature z !re is betwe5 man & ,god4 ,!re=e x is a m wor?y ?+ to imitate ! works ( nature1 :i* are ! true images embodi$ 9 reality1 ?an to imitate ! actions & ! words ( m54 #fg ,& if ?\1 ,o poet1 wi%e/ to describe ! works ( nature by ?9e unaid$ art1 & do/ repres5t v>i\s places & ! =ms ( div]se objects1 ! pa9t] surpasses !e by an inf9ite degree ( p[]2 b if ?\ wi%e/ to h rec\rse to ! aid ( o!r sci5ces1 ap>t f poetry1 !y are n ?y own2 = in/ance1 a/rology1 rhetoric1 !ology1 philosophy1 geometry1 ari?metic & ! l4 ,?\ art n !n a poet any long]4 ,?\ trans=me/ ?yself1 & art no long] t ( :i* we are speak+4 ,n[ see/ ?\ n t if ?\ wi%e/ to g to nature1 ?\ rea*e/ h] by ! means ( sci5ce1 d$uc$ by o!rs f ! effects ( nature8 ,& ! pa9t]1 ?r\gh himself alone1 )\t ! aid ( aught app]ta9+ to ! v>i\s sci5ces1 or by any o!r means1 a*ieves directly ! imitation ( ! ?+s ( nature4 ,by pa9t+1 lov]s are attract$ to ! images ( ! belov$ to conv]se ) ! depict$ semblance4 ,by pa9t+ :ole populations are l$ ) f]v5t v[s to seek ! image ( ! deities1 & n to see ! books ( poets :i* repres5t ! same deities 9 spee*2 by pa9t+ animals are deceiv$4 ,i once saw a picture :i* deceiv$ a dog by ! image ( its ma/]1 :i* ! dog greet$ ) great joy2 & likewise ,i h se5 dogs b>k at & try to bite pa9t$ dogs2 & a monkey make a numb] ( antics 9 front ( a pa9t$ monkey4 ,i h se5 swall[s fly & alight on pa9t$ #fh iron-works :i* jut out ( ! w9d[s ( build+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]iority ( ,pa9t+ to ,philosophy #ab4 ,pa9t+ includes 9 its range ! surface1 col\r & %ape ( any?+ creat$ by nature2 & philosophy p5etrates into ! same bodies & takes note ( _! ess5tial virtue1 b x is n satisfi$ ) t tru?1 z is ! pa9t]1 :o seizes hold ( ! prim>y tru? ( su* bodies because ! eye is less prone to deception4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ ,poetry #ac4 ,poetry surpasses pa9t+ 9 ! repres5tation ( words1 & 9 ! repres5tation ( actions pa9t+ excels poetry2 & pa9t+ is to poetry z actions are to words1 because actions dep5d on ! eye & words on ! e>2 & ?us ! s5ses are 9 ! same proportion "o to ano!r z ! objects on :i* !y dep5d2 & on ?is acc\nt ,i consid] pa9t+ to be sup]ior to poetry4 ,b s9ce ^? :o practis$ pa9t+ 7 = long ignorant z to h[ to expla9 its !ory1 x lack$ advocates = a consid]able "t2 because x does n speak itself1 b reveals itself & ends 9 action1 & poetry ends 9 words1 :i* 9 its va+lory x employs = self-praise4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ is ,mute ,poetry #ad4 ,:at poet w place be=e !e 9 words1 ,o #fi lov]1 ! true semblance ( ?y idea ) su* tru? z w ! pa9t]8 ,:o is he :o w %[ !e riv]s1 woods1 valleys & pla9s1 :i* w recall to !e ! pleasures ( ! pa/1 ) great] tru? ?an ! pa9t]8 ,& if ?\ saye/ t pa9t+ is mute poetry 9 itself1 unless !re be "s "o to speak = x & tell :at x repres5ts--see/ ?\ n1 !n1 t ?y book is on a l[] plane8 ,because ev5 if x h a man to speak = x1 no?+ ( ! subject :i* is relat$ c be se51 z x is se5 :5 a picture is expla9$4 ,& ! pictures1 if ! action repres5t$ & ! m5tal attributes ( ! figures are 9 ! true proportion "o to ano!r1 w be und]/ood 9 ! same way z if !y spoke4 #ae4 ,pa9t+ is mute poetry1 & poetry is bl9d pa9t+4 ,!re=e ^! two =ms ( poetry1 or r ^! two =ms ( pa9t+1 h ex*ang$ ! s5ses ?r\gh :i* !y %\ld rea* ! intellect4 ,because if !y are bo? ( !m pa9t+1 !y mu/ rea* ! bra9 by ! noble/ s5se1 namely1 ! eye2 if !y are bo? ( !m poetry1 !y mu/ rea* ! bra9 by ! less noble s5se1 t is1 ! he>+4 ,!re=e we w appo9t ! man born deaf to be judge ( pa9t+1 & ! man born bl9d to be judge ( poetry2 & if 9 ! pa9t+ ! movem5ts are appropriate #gj to ! m5tal attributes ( ! figures :i* is are engag$ 9 any k9d ( action1 !re is no d\bt t ! deaf man w und]/& ! action & int5tions ( ! figures1 b ! bl9d man w nev] und]/& :at ! poet %[s1 & :at con/itutes ! glory ( ! poetry2 s9ce "o ( ! noble/ functions ( its art is to describe ! de$s & ! subjects ( /ories1 & adorn$ & delectable places ) transp>5t wat]s 9 :i* ! gre5 recesses ( _! c\rse c be se5 z ! waves disport !mselves ov] mead[s & f9e pebbles1 & ! plants :i* are m+l$ ) !m1 & ! glid+ fi%es1 & simil> descriptions1 :i* might j z well be made to a /one z to a man born bl9d1 s9ce he has nev] se5 t :i* composes ! beauty ( ! _w1 t is1 light1 d>kness1 col\r1 body1 %ape1 place1 di/ance1 prop9quity1 motion & re/1 :i* are ! t5 ornam5ts ( nature4 ,b ! deaf man1 lack+ ! less noble s5se1 al?\gh he has at ! same "t lo/ ! gift ( spee*1 s9ce nev] hav+ he>d words spok5 he nev] has be5 able to le>n any language1 w nev]!less p]fectly und]/& e attribute ( ! human body bett] ?an a man :o c speak & he>2 & likewise he w "k ! works ( pa9t]s & :at is repres5t$ 9 !m1 & ! action :i* is appropriate to su* figures4 #ga ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ is ,mute ,poetry #af4 ,pa9t+ is mute poetry1 & poetry is bl9d pa9t+1 & bo? imitate nature to ! be/ ( _! p[]s1 & bo? c demon/rate moral pr9ciples1 z ,apelles did 9 8 ,calumny4 ,& s9ce pa9t+ m9i/]s to ! mo/ noble ( ! s5ses1 ! eye1 a h>moni\s proportion ensues f x1 t is to say1 t j z f ! concord ( _m div]se voices at ! same mom5t !re ensues a well-proportion$ h>mony :i* w please ! s5se ( he>+ to su* an ext5t t ! li/5]s 9 dizzy admiration are l m5 half ravi%$ ( _! s5ses1 /ill great] w be ! effect ( ! beautiful proportions ( a cele/ial face 9 a picture f ^: proportions a h>moni\s concord w ensue1 :i* delights ! eye 9 "o mom5t1 j z music delights ! e>4 ,& if ?is h>moni\s beauty is %[n to "o :o is ! lov] ( ! woman f :om su* great beauty has be5 copi$1 he w mo/ c]ta9ly be /ruck dizzy ) admiration & incomp>able joy sup]ior to t af=d$ by all ! o!r s5ses4 ,b ) reg>d to poetry1 :i* 9 ord] to af=d ! repres5tation ( a p]fect beauty is oblig$ to describe ea* sep>ate "p 9 detail1--a repres5tation :i* 9 pa9t+ produces ! h>mony describ$ above1--no fur!r *>m is produc$ ?an w\ld occur 9 music if ea* voice #gb 7 to be he>d sep>ately at v>i\s int]vals ( "t1 :5ce no concord w\ld ensue2 j z if we wi%$ to %[ a c\nt5ance bit by bit1 always cov]+ up ! p>ts already %[n1 =getfulness w\ld prev5t ! production ( any h>moni\s concord1 s9ce ! eye c\ld n appreh5d ! p>ts ) its visual faculty at ! same mom5t4 ,! same ?+ occurs 9 ! beauty ( any object creat$ by ! poet1 = z its p>ts are relat$ sep>ately1 at sep>ate times ! memory receives no h>mony f x4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,impression ( ,pa9t+ #ag4 ,pa9t+ reveals itself imm$iately to !e ) ! semblance giv5 x by its creator1 & af=ds to ! *ief ( ! s5ses z great a delight z any object creat$ by nature4 ,& ! poet 9 ?is case reveals ! same objects to ! bra9 by ! *annel ( ! he>+1 ! inf]ior s5se1 & af=ds ! eye no m pleasure ?an x d]ives f any?+ :i* is relat$4 ,n[ consid] :at a diff]5ce !re is betwe5 he>+ ! recital ( a ?+ :i* 9 ! c\rse ( "t gives pleasure to ! eye1 & p]ceiv+ x ) ! same velocity ) :i* we appreh5d ! works ( nature4 ,& 9 addition to ! fact t a long int]val ( "t is necess>y to read ! works ( ! poets1 x (t5 occurs t !y are n und]/ood1 & x is necess>y to make div]se #gc comm5ts on !m1 & x is exce$+ly r>e t ! comm5tators are agre$ z to ! mean+ ( ! poet2 & (t5 ! read]s p]use b a small portion ( _! works1 ow+ to lack ( "t4 ,b ! works ( ! pa9t] are imm$iately und]/ood by ^? :o behold !m4 #ah4 ,pa9t+ manife/s its ess5ce to !e 9 an in/ant ( "t1--its ess5ce by ! visual faculty1 ! v means by :i* ! p]ception appreh5ds natural objects1 & 9 ! same duration ( "t1--& 9 ?is space ( "t ! s5se-satisfy+ h>mony ( ! proportion ( ! p>ts compos+ ! :ole is =m$4 ,& poetry appreh5ds ! same ?+s1 b by a s5se inf]ior to t ( ! eyesight1 :i* be>s ! images ( ! objects nam$ to ! p]ception ) great] confusion & less spe$4 ,n 9 su* wise acts ! eye 7! true int]m$i>y betwe5 ! object & ! p]ception71 = x imm$iately communicates ! true semblance & image ( :at is repres5t$ be=e x ) ! greate/ accuracy2 :5ce t proportion arises call$ h>mony1 :i* ) sweet concord delights ! s5se 9 ! same way z ! h>mony ( div]se voices delights ! e>2 & ?is h>mony is less wor?y ?an t :i* delights ! eye1 because = e "p ( x t is born a "p dies1 & x dies z fa/ z x is born4 ,?is #gd _c occur 9 ! case ( ! eye2 because if ?\ pres5te/ a beautiful liv+ mortal to ! eye1 compos$ ( a h>mony ( fair limbs1 its beauty is n s transi5t nor s quickly de/roy$ z t ( music2 on ! contr>y x has p]man5t duration1 & all[s !e to behold & consid] x2 & x is n reborn z 9 ! case ( music :i* is play$ _m times ov]1 nor w x we>y !e3 on ! contr>y1 ?\ become/ enam\r$ ) x1 & ! result x produces is t all ! s5ses1 toge!r ) ! eye1 w\ld wi% to possess x1 & x seems t !y w\ld wi% to compete ) ! eye3 x appe>s t ! m\? desires x = itself1 if ! m\? c be consid]$ z a s5se2 ! e> takes pleasure 9 he>+ its beauty2 ! s5se ( t\* w\ld l to p5etrate into all its pores2 ! nose also w\ld l to receive ! air x exhales4 ,"t 9 a few ye>s de/roys ?is h>mony1 b ?is does n occur 9 ! case ( beauty depict$ by ! pa9t]1 because "t pres]ves x = long2 & ! eye1 z f> z its function is conc]n$1 receives z mu* pleasure f ! depict$ z f ! liv+ beauty2 t\* alone is lack+ to ! pa9t$ beauty1--t\*1 :i* is ! eld] bro!r ( sight2 :i* aft] x has atta9$ its purpose does n prev5t ! reason f consid]+ ! div9e beauty4 ,& 9 ?is case ! picture copi$ f ! liv+ beauty acts = ! great] "p z a sub/itute2 & ! #ge description ( ! poet _c accompli% ?is4--! poet :o is n[ set up z a rival to ! pa9t]1 b does n p]ceive t "t sets a division betwe5 ! words 9 :i* he describes ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! beauty1 & t =getfulness int]v5es & divides ! proportions :i* he _c "n )\t great prolixity2 he _c compose ! h>moni\s concord :i* is =m$ ( div9e proportions4 ,& on ?is acc\nt beauty _c be describ$ 9 ! same space ( "t 9 :i* a pa9t$ beauty c be se51 & x is a s9 aga9/ nature to attempt to transmit by ! e> t :i* %\ld be transmitt$ by ! eye4 ,:at prompts !e1 ,o man1 to ab&on ?y habitations 9 ! city1 to leave ?y p>5ts & fri5ds1 & to seek rural spots 9 ! m\nta9s & valleys1 if x be n ! natural beauty ( ! _w1 :i*1 if ?\ reflecte/1 ?\ do/ enjoy solely by means ( ! s5se ( sight8 ,& if ! poet wi%es to be call$ a pa9t] 9 ?is connection also1 :y did/ ?\ n take ! descriptions ( places made by ! poet & rema9 at home )\t expos+ ?yself to ! heat ( ! sun8 ,oh6 w\ld n ?is h be5 m pr(itable & less fatigu+ to !e1 s9ce ?is c be done 9 ! cool )\t motion & dang] ( illness8 ,b ! s\l c\ld n enjoy ! b5efit ( ! eyes1 ! w9d[s ( its dwell+1 & x c\ld n note ! "* ( joy\s #gf places2 x c\ld n see ! %ady valleys wat]$ by ! sportiv5ess ( ! w9d+ riv]s2 x c\ld n see ! v>i\s fl[]s1 :i* ) _! col\rs make a h>mony = ! eye1 & all ! o!r objects :i* ! eye c appreh5d4 ,b if ! pa9t] 9 ! cold & rigor\s season ( w9t] c evoke = !e ! l&scapes1 v>iegat$ & o!rwise1 9 :i* ?\ did/ exp]i5ce ?y happ9ess2 if ne> "s f\nta9 ?\ can/ see ?yself1 a lov] ) ?y belov$1 9 ! fl[]y fields1 "u ! s(t %ad[ ( ! budd+ b\ghs1 wilt ?\ n exp]i5ce a great] pleasure ?an 9 he>+ ! same effect describ$ by ! poet8 ,"h ! poet answ]s1 admitt+ ^! argum5ts2 b he ma9ta9s t he surpasses ! pa9t]1 because he causes m5 to speak & reason 9 div]se fictions1 9 :i* he inv5ts ?+s :i* d n exi/1 & t he w incite m5 to take arms1 & describe ! heav5s1 ! />s1 nature1 & ! arts & ev]y?+4 ,to :i* we reply t none ( ^! ?+s ( :i* he speaks is 8 true pr(ession2 b if he wi%es to speak & make orations1 x c be %[n t he is surpass$ by ! orator 9 ?is prov9ce2 & if he speaks ( a/rology1 t he has /ol5 ! subject ( ! a/rolog]2 & 9 ! case ( philosophy1 ( ! philosoph]2 & t 9 reality poetry has no true position & m]its no m consid]ation ?an a %opkeep] #gg :o collects goods made by v>i\s workm54 ,z soon z ! poet ceases to repres5t by means ( words ! ph5om5a ( nature1 he !n ceases to act z a pa9t]1 because if ! poet leaves su* repres5tation & describes ! fl[]y & p]suasive spee* ( him to :om he wi%es to give spee*1 he !n becomes an orator1 & nei!r a poet nor a pa9t]2 & if he speaks ( ! heav5s he becomes an a/rolog]1 & a philosoph] & a !ologian if he disc\rses ( nature or ,god2 b if he returns to ! description ( any object he w\ld rival ! pa9t]1 if ) words he c\ld satisfy ! eye z ! pa9t] does4 ,b ! _s ( ! sci5ce ( pa9t+ deals ) all works1 human z well z div9e1 :i* are t]m9at$ by _! surfaces1 t is1 ! l9es ( ! limits ( bodies by means ( :i* ! sculptor is requir$ to a*ieve p]fection 9 8 art4 ,%e ) h] fundam5tal rules1 i4e4 draw+1 tea*es ! ar*itect h[ to "w s t 8 build+ may be pleasant to ! eye2 %e tea*es ! mak]s ( div]se vases1 ! goldsmi?s1 weav]s1 embroid]]s2 %e has f\nd ! *>act]s ) :i* div]se languages f9d expression2 %e has giv5 symbols to ! ma!maticians2 %e has taught geometry its figures1 & in/ruct$ ! a/rolog]s1 ! mak]s ( ma*9es & eng9e]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,poet & ,pa9t] #ai4 ,! poet says t 8 sci5ce consi/s ( #gh inv5tion & rhy?m1 & ?is is ! simple body ( poetry1 inv5tion z reg>ds ! subject matt] & rhy?m z reg>ds ! v]se1 :i* he aft]w>ds clo!s ) all ! sci5ces4 ,to :i* ! pa9t] rejo9s t he is gov]n$ by ! same necessities 9 ! sci5ce ( pa9t+1 t is to say1 inv5tion & measure 7fancy z reg>ds ! subject matt] :i* he mu/ inv5t1 & measure z reg>ds ! matt]s pa9t$71 s t !y may be 9 proportion1 b t he does n make use ( ?ree sci5ces2 on ! contr>y x is r ! o!r sci5ces t make use ( pa9t+1 z1 = in/ance1 a/rology1 :i* effects no?+ )\t ! aid ( p]spective1 ! pr9cipal l9k ( pa9t+1--t is1 ma!matical a/ronomy & n fallaci\s a/rology 7let ^? :o by reason ( ! exi/5ce ( fools make a pr(ession ( x1 =give me74 ,! poet says he describes an object1 t he repres5ts ano!r full ( beautiful allegory2 ! pa9t] says he is capable ( do+ ! same1 & 9 ?is respect he is also a poet4 ,& if ! poet says he c incite m5 to love1 :i* is ! mo/ important fact among e k9d ( animal1 ! pa9t] c d ! same1 all ! m s because he pres5ts ! lov] ) ! image ( 8 belov$2 & ! lov] (t5 does ) x :at he w\ld n d ) ! writ]'s del9eation ( ! same *>ms1 i4e4 talk ) x & kiss x2 s great is ! pa9t]'s influ5ce on ! m9ds ( m5 t he incites !m to love & #gi become enam\r$ ( a picture :i* does n repres5t any liv+ woman4 ,& if ! poet pleases ! s5se by means ( ! e>1 ! pa9t] does s by ! eye1 :i* is ! sup]ior s5se4 ,i w enl>ge no fur!r on ?is !me save to say t if a good pa9t] 7 to repres5t ! fury ( a battle1 & if ! poet 7 to describe "o1 & bo? repres5tations 7 put be=e ! public toge!r1 y w see be=e :i* ( ! two mo/ ( ! spectators w /op1 to :i* ( ! two !y w pay mo/ att5tion1 :i* ( ! two w be ! mo/ prais$ & give ! great] satisfaction4 ,)\t any d\bt1 ! pa9t+1 be+ inf9itely ! mo/ beautiful & useful1 w please ! mo/4 ,write ! "n ( ,god 9 "s spot1 & set up ,8 image opposite1 & y w see :i* w be ! mo/ rev]5c$4 ,:ile pa9t+ embraces 9 itself all ! =ms ( nature1 y h no?+ save words1 :i* are n univ]sal1 l =ms4 ,if y h ! effects ( ! repres5tation1 we h ! repres5tation ( ! effects4 ,take a poet :o describes ! *>ms ( a woman to h] lov]1 & a pa9t] :o repres5ts h]1 & y w see :i!r nature leads ! enam\r$ critic4 ,c]ta9ly ! pro( %\ld re/ on ! v]dict ( exp]i5ce4 ,y h class$ pa9t+ among ! me*anical arts1 b1 truly1 if pa9t]s 7 z apt at prais+ _! own works 9 writ+ z y are1 x w\ld n lie "u ! /igma #hj ( s unhon\r$ an "n4 ,if y call x me*anical because x is by manual "w & t ! h& repres5ts ! conception ( ! imag9ation1 y writ]s put d[n ) ! p5 ! conceptions ( y\r m9d4 ,& if y say t x is me*anical because x is done = money1 :o is m guilty ( ?is error--if error x c be call$--?an y8 ,if y lecture 9 ! s*ools1 d y n g to :omsoev] rew>ds y mo/8 ,d y p]=m any "w )\t "s pay8 ,al?\gh ,i d n say ?is to blame su* op9ions1 because all lab\r expects its rew>d2 & if a poet 7 to say3 ,i w devise ) my fancy a "w :i* %all be pregnant ) mean+1 ! pa9t] c d ! same1 z ,apelles did :5 he pa9t$ ,! ,calumny4 ,sid5ote3 ,k+ ,mat?ias ! ,poet #bj4 ,on ! bir?day ( ,k+ ,mat?ias1 a poet br\ght him a "w made 9 praise ( ! royal bir?day = ! b5efit ( ! _w1 & a pa9t] pres5t$ him ) a portrait ( 8 lady-love4 ,! k+ imm$iately %ut ! book ( ! poet & turn$ to ! picture1 & rema9$ gaz+ on x ) pr(\nd admiration4 ,!n ! poet1 greatly slight$1 said3 ,o k+1 read1 read1 & ?\ wilt he> some?+ ( f> great] sub/ance ?an a dumb picture6 ,!n ! k+1 he>+ himself blam$ = contemplat+ a mute object1 said3 ,o poet1 be sil5t1 ?\ kn[e/ n :at ?\ #ha saye/2 ?is picture gratifies a nobl] s5se ?an ?y "w1 :i* is = ! bl9d4 ,give me an object :i* ,i c see & t\* & n only he>1 & blame n my *oice 9 hav+ plac$ ?y "w b5ea? my elb[1 :ile ,i hold ! "w ( ! pa9t] ) bo? my h&s be=e my eyes1 because my v h&s h *os5 to s]ve a wor?i] s5se ?an t ( he>+4 ,& z = my self ,i consid] t ! same proportion exi/s betwe5 ! art ( ! pa9t] & t ( ! poet z t :i* exi/s betwe5 ! two s5ses on :i* !y respectively dep5d4 ,kn[e/ ?\ n t our s\l is compos$ ( h>mony1 & h>mony c only be begott5 9 ! mom5ts :5 ! proportions ( objects are simultane\sly visible & audible8 ,see/ ?\ n t 9 ?9e art !re is no h>mony creat$ 9 a mom5t1 & t1 on ! contr>y1 ea* "p foll[s f ! o!r 9 succession1 & ! second is n born be=e its pr$ecessor dies4 ,= ?is reason ,i consid] ?y creation to be consid]ably inf]ior to t ( ! pa9t]1 simply because no h>moni\s concord ensues f x4 ,x does n satisfy ! m9d ( ! spectator or ! li/5]1 z ! h>mony ( ! p]fect features :i* compose ! div9e beauty ( ?is face :i* is be=e me2 = ! features unit$ all toge!r simultane\sly af=d me a pleasure :i* ,i consid] to be unsurpass$ by any o!r ?+ on ! e>? :i* is made by man4 #hb ,sid5ote3 ,value ( ! ,visible ,univ]se #ba4 ,!re is no "o s fooli% :o if (f]$ ! *oice betwe5 ev]la/+ bl9dness & deafness w\ld n imm$iately elect to lose bo? 8 he>+ & s5se ( smell r ?an to be bl9d4 ,s9ce he :o loves 8 sight is depriv$ ( ! beauty ( ! _w & all creat$ ?+s1 & ! deaf man loves only ! s\nd made by ! p]cussion ( ! air1 :i* is an insignificant ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,?\ saye/ t sci5ce increases 9 nobility 9 proportion z ! subjects ) :i* x deals are m elevat$1 &1 = ?is reason1 a false r5d]+ ( ! be+ ( ,god is bett] ?an ! portrayal ( a less wor?y object2 & on ?is acc\nt we w say t pa9t+1 :i* deals alone ) ! works ( ,god1 is wor? m ?an poetry1 :i* deals solely ) ! ly+ imag9+s ( human devices4 ,sid5ote3 ,poet & ,pa9t] #bb4 ,?\ saye/1 ,o pa9t]1 t wor%ip is paid to ?y "w1 b impute n ?is p[] to ?yself1 b to ! subject :i* su* a picture repres5ts4 ,"h ! pa9t] makes answ]3 ,o ?\ poet1 :o saye/ t ?\ also art an imitator1 :y do/ ?\ n repres5t ) ?y words objects ( su* a nature t ?y writ+s :i* conta9 ^! words may be wor%ipp$ also8 ,b nature has fav\r$ ! pa9t] m ?an ! poet1 #hc & x is fair t ! works ( ! m greatly fav\r$ "o %\ld be m hon\r$ ?an ^? ( ! less fav\r$ "o4 ,!re=e let u praise him :o ) words satisfies ! he>+1 & him :o by pa9t+ af=ds p]fect cont5t to ! eyes2 b let ! praise giv5 to ! work] 9 words be less1 inasmu* z !y are accid5tal & creat$ by a less wor?y au?or ?an ! works ( nature ( :i* ! pa9t] is ! imitator4 ,& ! exi/5ce ( ^! works is conf9$ )9 ! =ms ( _! surfaces4 #bc4 ,s9ce we h conclud$ t ! utmo/ ext5t ( ! compreh5sion ( poetry is = ! bl9d1 & t ( pa9t+ = ! deaf1 we w say t ! value ( pa9t+ exce$s t ( poetry 9 proportion z pa9t+ gratifies a nobl] s5se ?an poetry does1 & ?is nobility has be5 prov$ to be equal to t ( ?ree o!r s5ses1 because we elect to lose our s5se ( he>+1 smell & t\* r ?an our eyesight4 ,= he :o loses 8 sight is depriv$ ( ! beauty ( ! univ]se1 & is l to "o :o is conf9$ dur+ 8 lifetime 9 a tomb1 9 :i* he enjoys life & motion4 ,n[ see/ ?\ n t ! eye compreh5ds ! beauty ( ! :ole _w8 ,x is ! head ( a/rology2 x creates cosmography2 x gives c\nsel & correction to all ! human arts2 x impels #hd m5 to seek div]se p>ts ( ! _w2 x is ! pr9ciple ( ma!matics2 its sci5ce is mo/ c]ta92 x has measur$ ! height & ! magnitude ( ! />s2 x has discov]$ ! elem5ts & _! abodes2 x has be5 able to pr$ict ! ev5ts ( ! future1 ow+ to ! c\rse ( ! />s2 x has begott5 ar*itecture & p]spective & div9e pa9t+4 ,o mo/ excell5t above all ! ?+s creat$ by ,god6 ,:at praise is !re :i* c express ?y nobility8 ,:at peoples1 :at tongues1 are !y :o c p]fectly describe ?y true work+8 ,x is ! w9d[ ( ! human body1 ?r\gh :i* ! s\l gazes & fea/s on ! beauty ( ! _w2 by reason ( x ! s\l is cont5t ) its human prison1 & )\t x ?is human prison is its torm5t2 & by means ( x human dilig5ce has discov]$ fire by :i* ! eye w9s back :at ! d>kness has /ol5 f x4 ,x has adorn$ nature ) agriculture & pleasant g>d5s4 ,b :at ne$ is !re = me to indulge 9 long & elevat$ disc\rse8 ,:at ?+ is !re :i* acts n by reason ( ! eye8 ,x impels m5 f ! ,ea/ to ! ,we/2 x has discov]$ navigation2 & 9 ?is x excels nature1 because ! simple products ( ! e>? are f9ite & ! works :i* ! eye makes ov] to ! h&s are inf9ite1 z ! pa9t] %[s 9 8 portrayal ( c\ntless =ms ( animals1 h]bs1 plants & places4 #he ,sid5ote3 ,music ! ,si/] ( ,pa9t+ #bd4 ,music %\ld be giv5 no o!r "n ?an ! si/] ( pa9t+1 inasmu* z x is subject to ! he>+1--a s5se inf]ior to ! eye1--& x produces h>mony by ! unison ( its proportion$ p>ts1 :i* are br\ght into op]ation at ! same mom5t & are con/ra9$ to come to life & die 9 "o or m h>monic times2 & "t is1 z x 71 ! circumf]5ce ( ! p>ts :i* con/itute ! h>mony1 9 ! same way z ! outl9e con/itutes ! circumf]5ce ( limbs :5ce human beauty emanates4 ,b pa9t+ excels & lords ov] music because x does n die z soon z x is born1 z occurs ) music1 ! less =tunate2 on ! contr>y1 x cont9ues to exi/ & reveals itself to be :at x is1 a s+le surface4 ,o m>vell\s sci5ce1 ?\ give/ la/+ life to ! p]i%$ beauty ( mortals1 :i* are ?us made m endur+ ?an ! works ( nature1 = ^! und]go =ev] ! *anges ( "t1 & "t leads !m to inevitable old age6 ,& ?is sci5ce is to div9e nature z its works are to ! works ( nature1 & on ?is acc\nt x is wor%ipp$4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ ,music #be4 ,! mo/ wor?y ?+ is t :i* satisfies ! mo/ wor?y s5se2 !re=e pa9t+1 :i* satisfies ! s5se ( sight1 is m wor?y ?an #hf music1 :i* m]ely satisfies ! he>+4 ,! mo/ wor?y ?+ is t :i* endures longe/2 !re=e music1 :i* is cont9ually dy+ z soon z x is born1 is less wor?y ?an pa9t+1 :i* la/s et]nally ) ! col\rs ( enamel4 ,! mo/ excell5t ?+ is t :i* is ! mo/ univ]sal & conta9s ! greate/ v>iety ( ?+s2 !re=e pa9t+ mu/ be set above all o!r arts1 because x conta9s all ! =ms :i* exi/ & also ^? :i* are n 9 nature1 & x %\ld be glorifi$ & exalt$ m ?an music1 :i* deals ) ! voice only4 ,) x images are made to ! gods2 ar\nd x div9e wor%ip is conduct$1 ( :i* music is a subs]vi5t ornam5t2 by means ( x pictures are giv5 to lov]s ( _! belov$2 by x ! beauties are pres]v$ :i* "t1 & nature ! "m1 r5d] fitful2 by x we reta9 ! images ( fam\s m54 ,& if ?\ w]t to say t by committ+ music to writ+ y r5d] x et]nal1 we d ! same ) lett]s4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ?\ ha/ includ$ music among ! lib]al arts1 ?\ mu/ ei!r exclude x1 or include ! art ( lett]s4 ,& if ?\ wa/ to say3 ,pa9t+ is us$ by base m51 9 ! same way is music spoilt by him :o kn[s x n4 ,if ?\ saye/ t sci5ces :i* are n me*anical are m5tal1 ,i w answ] t pa9t+ is m5tal4 ,& j z music & geometry deal ) ! proportions ( cont9u\s quantities1 & #hg ari?metic deals ) discont9u\s quantities1 pa9t+ deals ) all quantities & ! qualities ( ! proportions ( %ad[s1 lights & di/ances1 9 its p]spective4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t] & ,musician #bf4 ,! musician says t 8 art c be comp>$ ) t ( ! pa9t] because by ! art ( ! pa9t] a body ( _m memb]s is compos$1 & ! spectator appreh5ds its grace 9 z _m h>moni\s rhy?ms 444 z !re are times 9 :i* x lives & dies2 & by ^! rhy?ms 444 its grace plays ) ! s\l1 :i* dwells 9 ! body ( ! spectator4 ,b ! pa9t] replies t ! body compos$ ( human limbs does n af=d ! delectable h>moni\s rhy?ms 9 :i* beauty mu/ live & die1 b r5d]s x p]man5t = _m ye>s1 & is ( su* great excell5ce t x pres]ves ! life ( ?is h>mony ( concordant limbs :i* nature ) all h] =ce c\ld n pres]ve4 ,h[ _m pictures h pres]v$ ! semblance ( div9e beauty ( :i* "t or dea? _h 9 a brief space de/roy$ ! liv+ example3 & ! "w ( ! pa9t] has become m hon\r$ ?an t ( nature1 8 ma/]6 ,if ?\1 ,o musician1 saye/ t pa9t+ is me*anical because x is wr\ght by ! "w ( ! h&s1 music is wr\ght by ! m\?1 b #hh n by ! ta/+ faculties ( ! m\?2 j & z ! h& is employ$ inde$ 9 ! case ( pa9t+1 b n = its faculties ( t\*4 ,words are less wor?y ?an actions4 ,b ?\1 writ] ( sci5ce1 do/ ?\ n copy ) ?y h&1 & write :at is 9 ?y m9d1 z ! pa9t] does8 ,& if ?\ wa/ to say t music is =m$ ( proportion1 by proportion h ,i wr\ght pa9t+1 z ?\ %alt see4 ,sid5ote3 ,poet ,pa9t] & ,musician #bg4 ,!re is ! same diff]5ce betwe5 ! repres5tation ( ! embodi$ works ( ! pa9t] & ^? ( ! poet z !re is betwe5 complete & dismemb]$ bodies1 because ! poet 9 describ+ ! beauty or ! ugl9ess ( any body reveals x to y limb by limb & at div]se times1 & ! pa9t] %[s ! :ole at ! same "t4 ,! poet _c express 9 words ! true lik5ess ( ! limbs :i* compose a :ole1 z c ! pa9t]1 :o places x be=e y ) ! tru? ( nature4 ,& ! same ?+ befalls ! poet z ! musician1 :o s+s by himself a song compos$ = f\r s+]s2 & he s+s ! treble fir/1 !n ! t5or1 !n ! alto & !n ! bass1 :5ce !re results no grace ( h>moni\s concord su* z h>moni\s rhy?ms produce4 ,& ! poet is l a beautiful c\nt5ance :i* reveals itself to y feature by feature1 t by s do+ y may nev] be #hi satisfi$ by its beauty1 :i* consi/s ( ! div9e proportion ( ! limbs unit$ "o ) ano!r1 & ^! compose ( !mselves & at "o "t ! div9e h>mony ( ?is union ( limbs1 & (t5 deprives ! gaz] ( 8 lib]ty4 ,music1 aga91 by its h>moni\s rhy?m1 produces ! sweet melodies =m$ by its v>i\s voices1 & _! h>moni\s division is lack+ to ! poet2 & al?\gh poetry ent]s into ! abode ( ! intellect by ! *annel ( ! he>+1 z does music1 ! poet _c describe ! h>mony ( music1 because x is n 9 8 p[] to say v>i\s ?+s 9 "o & ! same mom5t z c ! h>moni\s concord ( pa9t+1 :i* is compos$ ( v>i\s memb]s :i* exi/ simultane\sly1 & ! beauty ( ^! p>ts is appreh5d$ at ! same "t1 individually & collectively1--collectively ) reg>d to ! :ole1 individually ) reg>d to ! compon5t p>ts ( :i* ! :ole is =m$2 & = ?is reason ! poet is1 z f> z ! repres5tation ( bodily ?+s is conc]n$1 greatly inf]ior to ! pa9t]1 & z f> z invisible ?+s are conc]n$ he is f> beh9d ! musician4 ,b if ! poet borr[s ! aid ( ! o!r sci5ces1 he c appe> at ! fair l ! o!r m]*ants1 be>]s ( div]s goods made by _m artific]s2 & ! poet does ?is :5 he borr[s ! sci5ce ( o!rs1 su* z t ( ! orator1 ! philosoph]1 ! a/rolog]1 ! cosmograph] & #ij ! l2 & ^! sci5ces are altoge!r ali5 to ! poet4 ,!re=e he is an ag5t :o br+s toge!r div]se p]sons 9 ord] to /rike a b>ga92 & if y wi% to "k ! true function ( ! poet1 y w f9d t he is no o!r ?an an assembl] ( goods /ol5 f o!r sci5ces1 ) :i* he makes a deceptive mixture1 or m hone/ly said1 a fictiti\s mixture4 ,& ) reg>d to ?is fiction ! poet is free to compete ) ! pa9t]1 s9ce x con/itutes ! lea/ "p ( ! pa9t+4 #bh4 ,! pa9t] emulates & competes ) nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ a second ,creation #bi4 ,he :o blames pa9t+ blames nature1 because ! works ( ! pa9t] repres5t ! works ( nature1 & = ?is reason he :o blames 9 ?is fa%ion lacks feel+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pa9t] ,"l ( ,all #cj4 ,if ! pa9t] wi%es to see beautiful ?+s :i* w en*ant him he is able to beget !m2 if he wi%es to see mon/r\s ?+s :i* t]rify1 or grotesque & laughable ?+s1 or truly pite\s ?+s1 he c dispose ( all ^!2 if he wi%es to evoke places & des]ts1 %ady or d>k retreats 9 ! hot season1 he repres5ts !m1 & likewise w>m places 9 ! cold season4 ,if he wi%es valleys1 if he wi%es to descry a great #ia pla9 f ! high summits ( ! m\nta9s1 & if he wi%es aft] ?is to see ! horizon ( ! sea1 he c d s2 & f ! l[ valleys he c gaze on ! high m\nta9s1 or f ! high m\nta9s he c scan ! l[ valleys & %ores2 & 9 tru? all quantities ( ?+s t exi/ 9 ! univ]se1 ei!r real or imag9>y1 he has fir/ 9 8 m9d & !n 9 8 h&s2 & ^! ?+s are ( s great excell5ce t !y beget a h>moni\s concord 9 "o glance1 z d ! ?+s ( nature4 #ca4 ,we c safely say t ^? p are "u a delusion :o call t pa9t] a good ma/] :o c only draw well a head or a figure4 ,c]ta9ly !re is no great m]it if1 aft] /udy+ a s+le ?+ dur+ a :ole lifetime1 y atta9 to a c]ta9 degree ( p]fection 9 x4 ,b kn[+1 z we d1 t pa9t+ includes & compreh5ds all ! works produc$ by nature1 or br\ght ab\t by ! =tuit\s action ( man1 & 9 fact ev]y?+ t ! eye c see1 he seems to me to be a poor ma/] :o c only d "o ?+ well4 ,n[ see/ ?\ n h[ _m & div]se acts are p]=m$ by m58 ,see/ ?\ n h[ _m v>i\s animals !re are1 & likewise trees1 plants & fl[]s2 :at a v>iety ( m\nta9\s or level places1 f\nta9s1 riv]s1 cities1 public & private build+s1 #ib in/rum5ts suitable = human use2 h[ _m div]se co/umes & ornam5ts & arts8 ,all ^! ?+s %\ld be consid]$ ( equal effect & value :5 us$ by ! man :o c be call$ a good pa9t]4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ & ,nature #cb4 ,if y despise pa9t+1 :i* is ! only imitator ( ! visible works ( nature1 y w c]ta9ly despise a subtle inv5tion :i* ) philosophy & subtle speculation appreh5ds ! qualities ( =ms1 backgr\nds1 places1 plants1 animals1 h]bs & fl[]s1 :i* are surr\nd$ by light & %ade4 ,& truly ?is is k & ! legitimate (fspr+ ( nature1 because pa9t+ is begott5 by nature4 ,b to be correct1 we w say t x is ! gr&*ild ( nature1 because all visible ?+s are begott5 by nature1 & ^! h] *ildr5 h begott5 pa9t+4 ,!re=e we %all rightly say t pa9t+ is ! gr&*ild ( nature & relat$ to ,god4 #cc4 ,7 a ma/] to boa/ t he c\ld rememb] all ! =ms & effects ( nature1 he w\ld c]ta9ly appe> to me to be grac$ ) great ignorance1 inasmu* z ^! effects are inf9ite & our memory is n suffici5tly capaci\s to reta9 !m4 ,!re=e1 ,o pa9t]1 bew>e le/ 9 !e ! lu/ ( ga9 %\ld ov]come ! hon\r ( ?y art1 = ! acquisition ( hon\r is a mu* #ic great] ?+ ?an ! glory ( weal?4 ,?us1 = ?is & = o!r reasons :i* c\ld be giv51 fir/ /rive 9 draw+ to express to ! eye 9 a manife/ %ape ! idea & ! fancy orig9ally devis$ by ?y imag9ation2 !n g on add+ or remov+ until ?\ art satisfi$2 !n arrange m5 z models1 clo!d or nude1 accord+ to ! int5tion ( ?y "w1 & see t1 z reg>ds dim5sion & size1 9 accordance ) p]spective !re is no portion ( ! "w :i* is n 9 h>mony ) reason & natural effects1 & ?is w be ! way to w9 hon\r 9 ?y art4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ ,sculpture #cd4 ,i h myself practis$ ! art ( sculpture z well z t ( pa9t+1 & ,i h practis$ bo? arts 9 ! same degree4 ,i ?9k1 !re=e1 t ,i c give an imp>tial op9ion z to :i* ( ! two is ! mo/ difficult3 ! mo/ p]fect requires ! great] tal5t1 & is to be pref]r$4 ,9 ! fir/ place sculpture requires a c]ta9 light1 t is to say1 a light f above1 & pa9t+ c>ries ev]y:]e ) x its light & %ade2 sculpture owes its importance to light & %ade4 ,! sculptor is aid$ 9 ?is by ! relief :i* is inh]5t 9 sculpture1 & ! pa9t] places ! light & %ade1 by ! accid5tal quality ( 8 art1 9 ! places :]e nature w\ld naturally produce x4 ,! sculptor _c div]sify 8 "w by ! v>i\s col\rs ( objects2 pa9t+ #id is complete 9 e respect4 ,! p]spective ( ! sculptor appe>s to be altoge!r untrue2 t ( ! pa9t] c give ! idea ( a di/ance ( a hundr$ miles beyond ! picture4 ,! sculptors h no a]ial p]spective2 !y c nei!r repres5t transp>5t bodies nor reflections1 nor bodies z lu/r\s z mirrors1 & o!r transluc5t objects1 nei!r mi/s nor d>k skies1 nor an inf9ity ( objects :i* x w\ld be t$i\s to enum]ate4 ,! advantage ( sculpture is t x is provid$ ) a bett] def5ce aga9/ ! ravages ( "t1 al?\gh a picture pa9t$ on ?ick copp] & cov]$ ov] ) :ite enamel1 pa9t$ ) enamel col\rs & !n put 9 ! fire aga9 & bak$1 is equally resi/ant4 ,su* a "w z f> z p]man5ce is conc]n$ exce$s sculpture4 ,!y may say t :]e an error is made x is n easy to correct x4 ,x is poor reason+ to try & prove t ! irrem$iability ( an ov]sight r5d]s ! "w m hon\rable4 ,b ,i say to y t x w prove m difficult to m5d ! m9d ( ! ma/] :o commits su* errors ?an to repair ! "w he has spoilt4 ,we "k well t an exp]i5c$ & compet5t arti/ w n make mi/akes ( ?is k9d2 on ! contr>y1 act+ on s\nd rules1 he w remove s little at a "t t 8 "w w be br\ght to a successful close4 ,aga91 ! sculptor1 if he works 9 clay or wax1 c remove & add1 & :5 ! "w is f9i%$ x c be easily #ie ca/ 9 bronze1 & ?is is ! la/ & mo/ p]man5t op]ation ( sculpture1 inasmu* z t :i* is m]ely ( m>ble is liable to de/ruction1 b ?is is n ! case ) bronze4 ,!re=e ! picture pa9t$ on copp]1 :i* ) ! me?ods ( pa9t+ c be r$uc$ or add$ to1 is l bronze1 :i* :5 x 0 9 ! /ate ( a wax model c\ld be r$uc$ or add$ to4 ,& if sculpture 9 bronze is durable1 ?is copp] & enamel "w is m imp]i%able /ill2 & :ile ! bronze rema9s black & ugly1 ?is is full ( v>i\s & delectable col\rs ( inf9ite v>iety1 z we h describ$ above4 ,if y wi% to conf9e ! discussion to pa9t+ on panel ,i am cont5t to pron\nce betwe5 x & sculpture1 say+1 t pa9t+ is ! m beautiful1 ! m imag9ative & ! m copi\s1 & t sculpture is m durable1 b has no o!r advantage4 ,sculpture ) little lab\r %[s :at 9 pa9t+ seems to be a miracul\s ?+ to d3 to make impalpable objects appe> palpable1 to give ! semblance ( relief to flat objects1 & di/ance to objects t are ne>4 ,9 fact pa9t+ is full ( inf9ite res\rces ( :i* sculpture _c dispose4 #ce4 ,sculpture is n a sci5ce1 b a me*anical art1 because x causes ! br[ ( ! arti/ :o practises x to sweat1 & we>ies 8 body2 & = #if su* an arti/ ! simple proportions ( ! limbs1 & ! nature ( movem5ts & attitudes1 are all t is ess5tial1 & !re x ends1 & %[s to ! eye :at x is1 & x does n cause ! spectator to wond] at its nature1 z pa9t+ does1 :i* 9 a plane by its sci5ce %[s va/ c\ntries & f>-(f horizons4 #cf4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 pa9t+ & sculpture is t ! sculptor accompli%es 8 "w ) ! great] bodily fatigue1 & ! pa9t] ) ! great] m5tal fatigue4 ,?is is prov$ by ! fact t ! sculptor 9 practis+ 8 art is oblig$ to ex]t 8 arms & to /rike & %att] ! m>ble or o!r /one1 :i* rema9s ov] & above :at is ne$$ = ! figure :i* x conta9s1 by manual ex]cise1 accompani$ (t5 by pr(use sweat+1 m+l$ ) du/ & trans=m+ itself into dirt2 & 8 face is pla/]$ & p[d]$ ) ! du/ ( ! m>ble1 s t he has ! appe>ance ( a bak]1 & he is cov]$ ) m9ute *ips1 & x appe>s z if sn[ _h fall5 on him1 & 8 dwell+ is dirty & full ( *ips & ! du/ ( /one4 ,! contr>y occurs 9 ! case ( ! pa9t]1--we are speak+ ( excell5t pa9t]s & sculptors1--s9ce ! pa9t] ) great leisure sits be=e 8 "w well clo!d1 & h&les ! light bru% dipp$ 9 lovely col\rs4 ,he we>s #ig :at g>m5ts he pleases2 8 dwell+ is full ( beautiful pictures1 & x is clean2 sometimes he has music or read]s ( div]se & pleasant works1 :i*1 )\t any noise ( hamm]s or o!r confus$ s\nds1 are he>d ) great pleasure4 #cg4 ,!re c be no comp>ison betwe5 ! tal5t1 art & !ory ( pa9t+ & t ( sculpture1 :i* leaves p]spective out ( acc\nt1--p]spective :i* is produc$ by ! quality ( ! mat]ial & n ( ! arti/4 ,& if ! sculptor says t he _c re/ore ! sup]abundant sub/ance :i* has once be5 remov$ f 8 "w1 ,i answ] t he :o removes too mu* has b little und]/&+ & is no ma/]4 ,because if he has ma/]$ ! proportions he w n remove any?+ unnecess>ily2 !re=e we w say t ?is disadvantage is inh]5t 9 ! arti/ & n 9 ! mat]ial4 ,b ,i w n speak ( su* m51 = !y are spoil]s ( m>ble & n arti/s4 ,arti/s d n tru/ to ! judgem5t ( ! eye1 because x is always deceptive1 z is prov$ by him :o wi%es to divide a l9e into two equal p>ts by ! eye1 & is (t5 deceiv$ 9 ! exp]im5t2 :]e=e ! good judges always fe>--a fe> :i* is n %>$ by ! ignorant--to tru/ to _! own judgem5t1 & on ?is acc\nt !y proce$ by cont9ually *eck+ ! #ih height1 ?ickness & bread? ( ea* "p1 & by s do+ accompli% no m ?an _! duty4 ,b pa9t+ is m>vell\sly devis$ ( mo/ subtle analyses1 ( :i* sculpture is altoge!r devoid1 s9ce its range is ( ! n>r[e/4 ,to ! sculptor :o says t 8 sci5ce is m la/+ ?an t ( pa9t+1 ,i answ] t ?is p]man5ce is due to ! quality ( ! mat]ial & n to t ( ! sculptor1 & ! sculptor has no "r to give himself ! cr$it = x1 b he %\ld let x r$\nd to nature :i* creat$ ! mat]ial4 #ch4 ,pa9t+ has a wid] intellectual range & is m wond]ful & great] z reg>ds its arti/ic res\rces ?an sculpture1 because ! pa9t] is by necessity con/ra9$ to amalgamate 8 m9d ) ! v m9d ( nature & to be ! int]pret] betwe5 nature & art1 mak+ ) art a comm5t>y on ! causes ( nature's manife/ations :i* are ! inevitable result ( its laws2 & %[+ 9 :at way ! lik5esses ( objects :i* surr\nd ! eye correspond ) ! true images ( ! pupil ( ! eye1 & %[+ among objects ( equal size :i* ( !m w appe> m or less d>k1 or m or less cle>2 & among objects equally l[ :i* ( !m w appe> m or less l[2 or among ^? ( ! same height :i* ( !m w appe> m or less high2 or among objects ( equal size #ii plac$ at v>i\s di/ances "o f ! o!r1 :y "s w appe> m cle>ly ?an o!rs4 ,& ?is art embraces & compreh5ds )9 itself all visible ?+s1 :i* sculpture 9 its pov]ty _c d3 t is1 ! col\rs ( all objects & _! gradations2 x repres5ts transp>5t objects1 & ! sculptor w %[ !e natural objects )\t ! pa9t]'s devices2 ! pa9t] w %[ !e v>i\s di/ances ) ! gradations ( col\r produc+ int]position ( ! air betwe5 ! objects & ! eye2 he w %[ !e ! mi/s ?r\gh :i* ! "* ( objects is ) difficulty descri$2 ! ra9s :i* cl\d$ m\nta9s & valleys br+ ) !m2 ! du/ :i* is inh]5t to & foll[s ! cont5tion betwe5 ^! =ces2 ! riv]s :i* are great or small 9 volume2 ! fi%es disport+ !mselves on ! surface or at ! bottom ( ^! wat]s2 ! poli%$ pebbles ( v>i\s col\rs :i* are collect$ on ! wa%$ s&s at bottom ( riv]s surr\nd$ by float+ plants b5ea? ! surface ( ! wat]2 ! />s at div]se heights above u2 & 9 ! same mann] o!r innum]able effects to :i* sculpture _c atta94 #ci4 ,sculpture lacks ! beauty ( col\rs1 ! p]spective ( col\rs2 x lacks p]spective & x confuses ! limits ( objects remote f ! #ajj eye1 inasmu* z x repres5ts ! limits ( objects t are ne> 9 ! same way z ^? ( di/ant objects2 x does n repres5t ! air :i*1 int]pos$ betwe5 ! eye & ! remote object1 conceals t object b z ! veils 9 drap$ figures1 :i* reveal ! nak$ fle% b5ea? !m2 x _c repres5t ! small pebbles ( v>i\s col\rs b5ea? ! surface ( ! transp>5t wat]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,to ! ,pa9t] #dj4 ,& ?\1 pa9t]1 :o desire/ to a*ieve ! highe/ excell5ce 9 practice1 und]/& t unless ?\ build x on ! solid f\ndations ( nature1 ?\ %alt reap b scant hon\r & ga9 by ?y "w2 & if ?y f\ndation is s\nd1 ?y works %all be _m & good1 & br+ great hon\r to !e1 & be ( great pr(it4 #da4 ,:5 ! "w exce$s ! ideal ( ! arti/1 ! arti/ makes scant progress2 & :5 ! "w falls %ort ( 8 ideal x nev] ceases to improve1 unless av>ice be an ob/acle4 #db4 ,he is a poor disciple :o does n surpass 8 ma/]4 ,sid5ote3 ,c\nsels #dc4 ,he is a poor ma/] ^: "w is exalt$ 9 8 #aja own op9ion1 & he is on ! road to p]fection 9 art ^: "w falls %ort ( 8 ideal4 #dd4 ,small rooms or dwell+s help ! m9d to conc5trate itself2 l>ge rooms are a s\rce ( di/raction4 #de4 ,! pa9t] %\ld be solit>y1 & take note ( :at he sees & reason ) himself1 mak+ a *oice ( ! m excell5t details ( ! "* ( any object he sees2 he %\ld be l unto ! mirror1 :i* takes ! col\rs ( ! objects x reflects4 ,& ?is proce$+ w seem to him to be a second nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pa9t] 9 8 ,/udio #df4 ,9 ord] t ! fav\rable disposition ( ! m9d may n be injur$ by t ( ! body1 ! pa9t] or ! draughtsman %\ld be solit>y1 & especially :5 he is occupi$ ) ^? speculations & ?\ghts :i* cont9ually rise up be=e ! eye1 & af=d mat]ials to be treasur$ by ! memory4 ,if ?\ art alone1 ?\ wilt belong to ?yself only3 if ?\ ha/ b "o companion1 ?\ wilt only half belong to ?yself1 & ev] less 9 proportion to ! indiscretion ( 8 conduct2 & if ?\ ha/ _m companions1 ?\ wilt enc\nt] #ajb ! same disadvantage4 ,& if ?\ %\ld/ say3 ,i w foll[ my own incl9ation1 ,i w )draw into seclusion 9 ord] ! bett] to /udy ! =ms ( natural objects--,i say ?\ wilt ) difficulty be able to d ?is1 because ?\ wilt n be able to refra9 f con/antly li/5+ to _! *att]2 &1 n be+ able to s]ve two ma/]s1 ?\ wilt play ! "p ( a companion ill1 & /ill worse w be ! evil effect on ?y /udies 9 art4 ,& if ?\ saye/3 ,i w )draw myself1 s t _! words _c rea* & di/urb me--,i1 ) reg>d to ?is1 say ?\ wilt be reg>d$ z a madman2 b see/ ?\ n t by s do+ ?\ wilt be alone also8 ,sid5ote3 ,advice to ! ,pa9t] #dg4 ,! m9d ( ! pa9t] mu/ be l unto a mirror1 :i* ev] takes ! col\r ( ! object x reflects1 & conta9s z _m images z !re are objects be=e x4 ,!re=e realize1 ,o pa9t]1 t ?\ can/ n succe$ unless ?\ art ! univ]sal ma/] ( imitat+ by ?y art e v>iety ( nature's =ms1 & ?is ?\ can/ n d save by p]ceiv+ !m & reta9+ !m 9 ?y m9d2 :]e=e :5 ?\ walke/ 9 ! c\ntry let ?y m9d play on v>i\s objects1 obs]ve n[ ?is ?+ & n[ t ?+1 mak+ a /ore ( v>i\s objects select$ & *os5 f ^? ( less] value4 ,& ?\ %alt n d z "s pa9t]s1 :o1 :5 we>y ( ply+ #ajc _! fancy1 dismiss _! "w f _! m9d & take ex]cise 9 walk+ = relaxation1 b reta9 fatigue 9 ! m9d1 :i*1 ?\gh !y see v>i\s objects1 does n appreh5d !m1 b (t5 :5 !y meet fri5ds & relations & are salut$ by !m1 !y are no m consci\s ( !m ?an if !y _h met empty air4 ,sid5ote3 ,precepts #dh4 ,& ?\1 ,o pa9t]1 seek to br+ ab\t t ?y works may attract ^? :o gaze ^u !m & arre/ !m ) great admiration & delight2 & s t !y may n attract & =?) repel !m1 z ! air does to him :o 9 ! night season leaps nak$ f 8 b$ to gaze ^u ! cl\dy & s]5e sky & =?) is driv5 back by ! cold1 & returns to ! b$ :5ce he rose4 ,b let ?y works be l ! air :i* draws m5 f _! b$s 9 ! hot season1 & reta9s !m to ta/e ) delight ! cool ( ! summ]2 & he :o w d well by 8 art w n /rive to be m skilful ?an le>n$1 nor let gre$ get ! bett] ( glory4 ,see/ ?\ n among human beauties t x is ! beautiful faces :i* /op ! pass]s-by1 & n ! ri*ness ( _! ornam5ts8 ,& ?is ,i say to !e :o adorne/ ?y figures ) gold & o!r ri* ornam5ts3 ,see/ ?\ n spl5did1 y\?ful beauties1 :o dim9i% _! excell5ce by ! excess & elaboration ( _! #ajd ornam5ts8 ,ha/ ?\ n se5 wom5 ( ! m\nta9s dress$ 9 r\gh & poor clo!s ri*] 9 beauty ?an ^? :o are adorn$8 ,make no use ( ! affect$ arrangem5ts & headdresses su* z ^? adopt$ by l\ti% maids1 :o1 by plac+ "o lock ( hair m on "o side ?an ! o!r1 cr$it !mselves ) hav+ committ$ a great enormity1 & ?9k t ! by/&]s w =get _! own ?\ghts to talk ( !m alone1 & to blame !m4 ,= su* p]sons h always ! look+-glass & ! comb1 & ! w9d1 :i* ruffles elaborate headdresses1 is _! wor/ enemy4 ,9 ?y heads let ! hair sport ) ! w9d ?\ depicte/ ar\nd y\?ful c\nt5ances1 & adorn !m gracefully ) v>i\s turns1 & d n z ^? :o pla/] _! faces ) gum & make ! faces seem z if !y 7 ( glass4 ,?is is a human folly :i* is always on ! increase1 & ! m>9]s d n satisfy x :o br+ arabic gums f ! ,ea/1 s z to prev5t ! smoo?ness ( ! hair f be+ ruffl$ by ! w9d1--b !y pursue _! inve/igations /ill fur!r 9 ?is direction4 #di4 ,i _c b m5tion among ^! precepts a new means ( /udy1 :i*1 al?\gh x may seem trivial & almo/ ridicul\s1 is nev]!less extremely useful 9 ar\s+ ! m9d to #aje v>i\s inv5tions4 ,x is z foll[s3 :5 y look at walls mottl$ ) v>i\s /a9s or /ones made ( div]se sub/ances1 if y h to inv5t "s sc5e1 y may discov] on !m ! lik5ess ( v>i\s c\ntries1 adorn$ ) m\nta9s1 riv]s1 rocks1 trees1 pla9s1 great valleys & hills 9 div]se arrangem5t2 aga91 y may be able to see battles & figures 9 action & /range effects ( physiognomy & co/umes1 & inf9ite objects :i* y c\ld r$uce to complete & h>moni\s =ms4 ,& ! effect produc$ by ^! mottl$ walls is l t ( ! s\nd ( bells1 9 ! vibrat+ ( :i* y may recognize any "n or ^w y *oose to imag9e4 ,i h se5 blots 9 ! cl\ds & 9 mottl$ walls :i* h /imulat$ me to ! inv5tion ( v>i\s objects1 & al?\gh ! blots !mselves 7 altoge!r devoid ( p]fection 9 any "o ( _! p>ts1 !y lack$ n p]fection 9 _! movem5t & circum/ance4 #ej4 ,obta9 k fir/1 & !n proce$ to practice1 :i* is born ( k4 ,sid5ote3 ,!ory & ,practice #ea4 ,k is ! capta91 & practice ! soldi]s4 #eb4 ,! pa9t] :o draws by practice & by ! #ajf eye1 )\t ! guide ( reason1 is l ! mirror1 :i* reflects all ! objects :i* are plac$ be=e x & kn[s n t !y exi/4 #ec4 ,_m w consid] !y c reasonably blame me by alleg+ t my pro(s are contr>y to ! au?ority ( _m m5 held 9 great e/eem by _! inexp]i5c$ judgem5ts3 ov]look+ ! fact t my works are solely & simply ! (fspr+ ( exp]i5ce1 :i* is ! v]itable ma/]4 #ed4 ,!y :o are enam\r$ ( practice )\t k are l ! m>9] :o puts to sea 9 a vessel )\t rudd] or compass1 & :o navigates )\t a c\rse4 ,practice %\ld always be bas$ on s\nd !ory2 p]spective is ! guide & ! portal ( !ory1 & )\t x no?+ c be well done 9 ! art ( pa9t+4 ,sid5ote3 ,c\rse ( ,/udy #ee4 ,! y\? %\ld fir/ le>n p]spective1 & !n ! measurem5ts ( e object2 he %\ld !n copy f "s good ma/] to accu/om himself to well-drawn =ms1 !n f nature to acquire confirmation ( ! !ories he has le>nt2 !n he %\ld /udy = a "t ! works ( v>i\s ma/]s1 & f9ally atta9 ! #ajg habit ( putt+ into practice & produc+ 8 art4 #ef4 ,ma!matics1 su* z app]ta9 to pa9t+1 are necess>y to ! pa9t]1 also ! abs5ce ( companions :o are ali5 to 8 /udies3 8 bra9 mu/ be v]satile & susceptible to ! v>iety ( objects :i* x enc\nt]s1 & free f di/ract+ c>es4 ,& if 9 ! contemplation & def9ition ( "o subject a second subject int]v5es1--z happ5s :5 ! m9d is fill$ ) an object1--9 su* cases he mu/ decide :i* ( ! two objects is ! m difficult ( def9ition1 & pursue t "o until he arrives at p]fect cle>ness ( def9ition1 & !n turn to ! def9ition ( ! o!r4 ,& above all ?+s 8 m9d %\ld be l ! surface ( ! mirror1 :i* %[s z _m col\rs z !re are objects x reflects2 & 8 companions %\ld /udy 9 ! same mann]1 & if su* _c be f\nd he %\ld m$itate 9 solitude ) himself1 & he w n f9d m pr(itable company4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]spective ,ma!matics #eg4 ,9 ! /udy ( natural causes & reasons light af=ds ! greate/ pleasure to ! /ud5t2 among ! great facts ( ma!matics ! c]ta9ty ( demon/ration mo/ signally elevates ! m9d ( ! /ud5t4 ,p]spective mu/ !re=e be #ajh plac$ at ! head ( all human /udy & discipl9e1 9 ! field ( :i* ! radiant l9e is r5d]$ complex by ! me?ods ( demon/ration2 9 x resides ! glory ( physics z well z ( ma!matics1 & x is adorn$ ) fl[]s ( bo? ^! sci5ces4 ,! laws ( ^? sci5ces :i* are capable ( ext5sive analysis ,i w conf9e 9 brief conclusions1 & accord+ to ! nature ( ! mat]ial ,i w int]weave ma!matical demon/rations1 at times d$uc+ results f causes1 & at times trac+ causes by results4 ,i w add to my conclusions "s :i* are n conta9$ 9 ^!1 b :i* c be d$uc$ f !m1 if ! ,"l1 ! ,supreme ,light1 illum9ates me1 s t ,i may treat ( light4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ! ,me?od ( ,le>n+ #eh4 ,:5 y w h ?or\ghly ma/]$ p]spective & h le>nt by he>t ! p>ts & =ms ( objects1 /rive :5 y g ab\t to obs]ve4 ,note & consid] ! circum/ances & ! actions or m51 z !y talk1 dispute1 laugh or fight toge!r1 & n only ! behavi\r ( ! m5 !mselves1 b t ( ! by/&]s :o sep>ate !m or look on at ^! ?+s2 & make a note ( !m1 9 ?is way1 ) slight m>ks 9 y\r little note-book4 ,& y %\ld always c>ry ?is note-book ) y1 & x %\ld be ( col\r$ pap]1 s t :at y #aji write may n be rubb$ out2 b 7:5 x is us$ up7 *ange ! old = a new "o1 s9ce ^! ?+s %\ld n be rubb$ out1 b pres]v$ ) great c>e1 because su* is ! inf9ity ( ! =ms & circum/ances ( objects1 t ! memory is incapable ( reta9+ !m2 :]e=e keep ^! sket*es z y\r guides & ma/]s4 #ei4 ,^! rules are only to be us$ 9 correct+ ! figures1 s9ce e man makes "s mi/akes 9 8 fir/ composition1 & he :o is n aw>e ( !m _c correct !m2 b ?\ be+ consci\s ( ?9e errors wilt correct ?y "w & am5d errors :]e ?\ f9de/ !m1 & take c>e n to fall into !m aga94 ,b if ?\ attempte/ to apply ^! rules 9 composition ?\ wilt nev] f9i% any?+1 & confusion w ent] into ?y "w4 ,?r\gh ^! rules ?\ %alt acquire a free & s\nd judgem5t1 s9ce s\nd judgem5t & ?or\gh und]/&+ proce$ f reason aris+ f s\nd rules1 & s\nd rules are ! (fspr+ ( s\nd exp]i5ce1 ! common "m ( all ! sci5ces & arts4 ,h5ce if ?\ be>e/ 9 m9d ! precepts ( my rules ?\ %alt be able1 m]ely by ?y correct$ judgem5t1 to judge & recognize any lack ( proportion 9 a "w1 9 p]spective1 9 figures or any?+ else4 #aaj ,sid5ote3 ,aga9 ( ! ,me?od ( ,le>n+ #fj4 ,i say t ! fir/ ?+ :i* %\ld be le>nt is ! me*anism ( ! limbs1 & :5 ?is k has be5 acquir$ _! actions %\ld come next1 accord+ to ! ext]nal circum/ances ( man1 & ?irdly ! composition ( subjects1 :i* %\ld be tak5 f natural actions1 made =tuit\sly accord+ to circum/ances2 & pay att5tion to !m 9 ! /reets & public places & fields1 & note !m ) a brief indication ( outl9es2 t is to say1 = a head make an ,o1 & = an arm a /raight or a b5t l9e1 & ! same = ! legs & body2 & :5 ?\ returne/ home "w out ^! notes 9 a complete =m4 ,! adv]s>y says t to acquire practice & to d a great deal ( "w1 x is bett] t ! fir/ c\rse ( /udy %\ld be employ$ 9 copy+ div]se compositions done on pap] or on walls by v>i\s ma/]s1 & t ?us rapidity ( practice & a good me?od is acquir$2 to :i* ,i reply t ?is me?od w be good if x is bas$ on works :i* are well compos$ by compet5t ma/]s2 & s9ce su* ma/]s are s r>e t b few ( !m are to be f\nd1 x is saf] to g to nature1 ?an to :at to its det]ioration is imitat$ f nature1 & to fall into bad habits1 s9ce he :o c g to ! f\nta9 does n g to ! wat]-vessel4 #aaa ,sid5ote3 ,c\nsel to ! ,pa9t] #fa4 ,e b\gh & e fruit is born above ! ins]tion ( its leaf1 :i* s]ves x z a "m1 giv+ x wat] f ! ra9 & moi/ure f ! dew :i* falls on x f above 9 ! night1 & (t5 x %ields !m f ! heat ( ! sun's rays4 ,!re=e1 ,o pa9t]1 :o lacke/ su* rules1 be desir\s1 9 ord] to escape ! blame ( ^? :o "k1 ( copy+ e "o ( ?y objects f nature1 & despise n /udy aft] ! mann] ( ^? :o "w = ga94 ,sid5ote3 ,on ,anatomy #fb4 ,& y :o say t x w\ld be bett] to see practical anatomy ?an draw+s ( x1 w\ld be "r if x 7 possible to see all ! ?+s :i* are %[n 9 su* draw+s 9 a s+le draw+1 9 :i* y1 ) all y\r skill1 w n see nor obta9 k ( m ?an a few ve9s2 & to obta9 true & complete k ( ^! ve9s ,i h de/roy$ m ?an t5 human bodies1 de/roy+ all ! o!r limbs1 & remov+1 d[n to its m9ute/ p>ticles1 ! :ole ( ! fle% :i* surr\nds ^! ve9s1 )\t lett+ !m ble$ save = ! ins5sible ble$+ ( ! capill>y ve9s4 ,& z "o body did n suffice = s long a "t ,i _h to proce$ ) sev]al bodies by degrees until ,i f9i%$ by acquir+ p]fect k1 & ?is ,i #aab repeat$ twice to see ! diff]5ces4 ,& if y h a love = su* ?+s y may be prev5t$ by disgu/1 & if ?is does n prev5t y1 y may be prev5t$ by fe> ( liv+ at night 9 company ) su* corpses1 :i* are cut up & flay$ & fe>ful to see2 & if ?is does n prev5t1 y may n h a suffici5t ma/]y ( draw+ = su* a demon/ration1 & if y h ! necess>y ma/]y ( draw+1 x may n be comb9$ ) ! k ( p]spective2 & if x 7 y might lack ! p[] ( geometrical demon/ration1 & ! calculation ( =ces1 & ( ! /r5g? ( ! muscles1 & p]haps y w lack pati5ce & consequ5tly dilig5ce4 ,z to :e!r ^! qualities are to be f\nd 9 me or n ! hundr$ & tw5ty books ,i h compos$ w pron\nce ! v]dict ,yes or ,no4 ,nei!r av>ice nor neglig5ce1 b "t has h9d]$ me 9 ^!4 ,f>ewell4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ,/udy #fc4 ,i h myself prov$ t x is useful :5 y are 9 b$ 9 ! d>k to "w ) ! imag9ation1 summ+ up ! ext]nal outl9es ( ! =ms previ\sly /udi$ or o!r notewor?y ?+s appreh5d$ by subtle speculation2 & ?is is a laudable practice & useful 9 impress+ objects on ! memory4 #aac ,sid5ote3 ,on judg+ ,pictures #fd4 ,we are well aw>e t faults are m easily recogniz$ 9 ! works ( o!rs ?an 9 our own1 & (t5 9 blam+ ! small faults ( o!rs ?\ wilt ignore great ones 9 ?yself4 ,& to avoid su* ignorance see t 9 ! fir/ place ?y p]spective be s\nd1 !n acquire a complete k ( ! measurem5ts ( man & o!r animals1 & ( good ar*itecture2 t is to say1 z f> z ! =ms ( build+s & o!r objects :i* are on ! e>? are conc]n$1 & ^! are inf9ite 9 numb]4 ,! m ( !m t ?\ kn[e/1 ! m praisewor?y w be ?y "w2 & 9 cases :]e ?\ ha/ no exp]i5ce d n refuse to draw !m f nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,advice to ! ,pa9t] #fe4 ,c]ta9ly :ile a man is pa9t+ he %\ld n be lo? to he> e op9ion3 s9ce we "k well t a man1 al?\gh he be n a pa9t]1 is cognizant ( ! =ms ( ano!r man1 & w be able to judge !m1 :e!r he is hump-back$ or has a %\ld] too high or too l[1 or :e!r he has a l>ge m\? or nose1 or o!r defects4 ,& if we "k t m5 are capable ( giv+ a correct judgem5t on ! works ( nature1 mu* m ought we to ackn[l$ge _! compet5ce to judge our faults1 s9ce we "k h[ greatly a man may be deceiv$ 9 #aad 8 own "w2 & if ?\ art n consci\s ( ?is 9 ?yself1 /udy x 9 o!rs & ?\ wilt pr(it by _! faults4 ,!re=e be desir\s to be> ) pati5ce ! op9ions ( o!rs1 & consid] & reflect well :e!r he :o blames has good gr\nd or n to blame !e1 & if ?\ ?9ke/ t he has1 am5d ?y "w2 & if n1 act z ?\gh ?\ had/ n he>d him1 & if he %\ld be a man ?\ e/eeme/ %[ him by reason+ :]e 8 mi/ake lies4 #ff4 ,!re is a c]ta9 g5]ation ( pa9t]s :o1 ow+ to ! scant9ess ( _! /udies1 mu/ ne$s live up to ! beauty ( gold & azure1 & ) supreme folly decl>e t !y w n give good "w = poor paym5t1 & t !y c\ld d z well z o!rs if !y 7 well paid4 ,n[ consid]1 fooli% p6 ,_c su* m5 res]ve "s good "w & say1 ,?is is co/ly2 ?is is mod]ate1 & ?is is *eap "w1 & %[ t !y h "w at e price8 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pa9t] & ! ,mirror #fg4 ,:5 ?\ wi%e/ to see :e!r ?y picture corresponds entirely ) ! objects ?\ ha/ drawn f nature1 take a mirror & let ! liv+ reality be reflect$ 9 x1 & comp>e ! reflection ) ?y picture1 & consid] well #aae :e!r ! subject ( ! two images are 9 h>mony "o ) ano!r4 ,& above all ?\ %\ld/ take ! mirror = ?y ma/]1--a flat mirror1 s9ce on its surface ! objects 9 _m respects h ! same appe>ance z 9 pa9t+4 ,= ?\ see/ t a pa9t+ done on a flat surface reveals objects :i* appe> to be 9 relief1 & ! mirror consi/+ ( a flat surface produces ! same effect2 ! pa9t+ consi/s ( "o plane surface & ! mirror likewise2 ! picture is impalpable1 9 s f> z t :i* appe>s to be r\nd & prom95t _c be grasp$ by ! h&s1 & x is ! same ) ! mirror2 ! mirror & ! pa9t+ reveal ! semblance ( objects surr\nd$ by light & %ade2 ea* ( !m appe>s to be at a di/ance f its surface4 ,& if ?\ do/ recognize t ! mirror by means ( outl9es1 lights & %ad[s gives relief to objects1 & s9ce ?\ ha/ 9 ?y col\rs lights & %ad[s /rong] ?an ^? ( ! mirror1 !re is no d\bt t if ?\ compose/ ?y picture well1 x w also h ! appe>ance ( nature :5 x is reflect$ 9 a l>ge mirror4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pa9t]'s ,m9d #fh4 ,! m9d ( ! pa9t] %\ld cont9ually transmute ! figure ( ! notable objects :i* come be=e him into s _m disc\rses2 & impr9t !m 9 8 memory & classify !m #aaf & d$uce rules f !m1 tak+ ! place1 ! circum/ances1 ! light & ! %ade into consid]ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,v>iety ( ,nature #fi4 ,i say t ! univ]sal proportions mu/ be obs]v$ 9 ! height ( figures & n 9 _! size1 because 9 ! admirable & m>vell\s ?+s :i* appe> 9 ! works ( nature !re is no "w ( :atsoev] "* 9 :i* "o detail is exactly simil> to ano!r2 !re=e1 ,o ?\ imitator ( nature1 pay he$ to ! v>iety ( features4 #gj4 ,radically wrong is ! proc$ure ( "s ma/]s :o are 9 ! habit ( repeat+ ! same !mes 9 ! same episodes1 & ^: types ( beauty are likewise ! same1 = 9 nature !y are nev] repeat$1 s t if all ! beauties ( equal excell5ce 7 to come to life aga9 !y w\ld compose a l>g] population ?an t n[ exi/+ 9 our c5tury1 & s9ce 9 ! pres5t c5tury no "o p]son is precisely simil> to ano!r1 s w\ld x be among ! beauties m5tion$ above4 #ga4 ,y mu/ depict y\r figures ) ge/ures :i* w %[ :at ! figure has 9 8 m9d1 o!rwise y\r art w n be praisewor?y4 #aag ,sid5ote3 ,m9d & ,expression #gb4 ,no figure w be admirable if ! ge/ure :i* expresses ! passion ( ! s\l is n visible 9 x4 ,! mo/ admirable figure is t :i* be/ expresses ! passion ( its m9d4 #gc4 ,! good pa9t] has two pr9cipal ?+s to depict3 man & ! purpose ( 8 m9d4 ,! fir/ is easy1 ! second is difficult1 s9ce he mu/ d x by ! ge/ures & movem5ts ( ! limbs1 & ?is is to be le>nt f ! dumb1 :o m ?an all o!r m5 excel 9 x4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,dumb ,man guides ! ,pa9t] #gd4 ,! figures ( m5 h ge/ures :i* correspond to :at !y are do+1 s t 9 see+ !m y und]/& :at !y are ?9k+ ( & say+2 & ^! w be le>n$ well by him :o w copy ! ge/ures ( ! dumb1 = !y speak by ! ge/ures ( _! h&s1 _! eyes1 _! br[s & _! :ole p]son1 :5 !y wi% to express ! purpose ( _! m9d4 ,& d n mock me because ,i sugge/ a dumb tea*] = ! tea*+ ( an art ( :i* he is himself ignorant1 because he w tea* y bett] by 8 ge/ures ?an all ! o!rs ) _! words4 ,& despise n su* advice because !y are ! ma/]s ( ge/ure1 & und]/& at a #aah di/ance :at a man is talk+ ( if he suits ! actions ( ! h&s to ! words4 ,sid5ote3 ,advice to ! ,pa9t] #ge4 ,x is a great fault 9 pa9t]s to repeat ! same movem5ts1 ! same faces & mann]s ( /uffs 9 "o subject1 & to let ! great] "p ( 8 faces resemble _! creator2 & ?is has (t5 be5 a s\rce ( wond] to me1 = ,i h kn[n "s :o 9 all _! figures seem to h depict$ !mselves4 ,& 9 ! figures ! actions & ways ( ! pa9t] 7 visible4 ,& if !y are prompt 9 action & 9 _! ways ! figures are likewise prompt2 & if ! pa9t] is pi\s1 ! figures ) _! twi/$ necks appe> pi\s likewise1 & if ! pa9t] is lazy ! figures seem l laz9ess p]sonifi$1 & if ! pa9t] is de=m$ s are 8 figures1 & if he is mad x is amply visible 9 figures ( 8 subjects1 :i* are devoid ( int5tion & appe> to be he$less ( _! action1 "s look+ 9 "o direction1 "s 9 ano!r1 z ?\gh !y 7 dream+2 & !re=e e manife/ation 9 ! picture corresponds to a peculi>ity 9 ! pa9t]4 ,& z ,i h (t5 ?\ght ov] ! cause ( ?is fault1 x seems to me t we mu/ conclude t ! _s :i* directs & gov]ns ev]ybody is t :i* =ms our intellect1 or r1 x is our intellect itself4 ,x has #aai devis$ ! :ole figure ( man accord+ z x has ?\ght fit t x %\ld be1 ei!r ) long or a %ort & turn$-up nose1 & ?us x has det]m9$ its height & figure2 & s p[]ful is ! intellect t x gives motion to ! arms ( ! pa9t] & causes him to reproduce himself1 s9ce x appe>s to ! _s t ?is is ! true me?od ( portray+ man1 & he t does o!rwise is 9 error4 ,& %\ld ?is _s f9d any "o :o resembles its body1 :i* x has =m$1 x loves x & becomes enam\r$ ) x1 & = ?is reason _m m5 fall 9 love & m>ry wives :i* resemble !mselves1 & (t5 ! *ildr5 :i* are born ( ! issue resemble _! p>5ts4 #gf4 ,! pa9t] %\ld portray 8 figure accord+ to ! measurem5ts ( a natural body1 :i* %all be ( univ]sal prop] proportions2 9 addition to ?is he %\ld measure himself & see 9 :i* "p 8 own figure v>ies greatly or less f ! a=esaid patt]n ( excell5ce1 & :5 he has asc]ta9$ ?is he %\ld try 8 utmo/ to avoid ! defects :i* exi/ 9 8 own p]son 9 ! figures he portrays4 ,& "k t ?\ mu/ cont5d ) all ?y might aga9/ ?is fault inasmu* z x is a defect :i* orig9at$ ) ! intellect2 because ! #abj _s :i* gov]ns ?y body is t :i* is ?9e own intellect1 & x is incl9$ to take pleasure 9 works simil> to t :i* x accompli%$ 9 =m+ its body4 ,& ?is is ! reason t !re is no woman1 h[ev] ugly1 :o does n f9d a lov]1 unless %e be mon/r\s4 ,s rememb] to asc]ta9 ! defects ( ?y p]son & to avoid reproduc+ !m 9 ! figures ?\ do/ compose4 #gg4 ,t pa9t] :o has co>se h&s w portray ! l 9 8 works1 & ! same ?+ w occur 9 e limb unless he avoids ?is pitfall by long /udy4 ,!re=e1 ,o pa9t]1 look well on t "p ( ?y p]son :i* is mo/ ugly1 & by ?y /udy make ample rep>ation = x1 because if ?\ art be/ial1 be/ial & )\t intellect w be ?y figures1 & simil>ly bo? ! good & ill :i* ?\ ha/ 9 !e w be p>tially visible 9 ?y compositions4 #gh4 ,m5 & words are already made1 & ?\1 pa9t]1 :o kn[e/ n h[ to make ?y figures move1 art l ! orator :o kn[s n h[ to employ 8 words4 #gi4 ,! movem5ts ( m5 are z v>i$ z ! #aba circum/ances :i* pass ?r\gh _! m9ds2 & m5 w be m or less actuat$ by e circum/ance 9 itself accord+ z !y are m or less p[]ful & accord+ to age2 because 9 ! same circum/ance an old man or a y\? w make a diff]5t movem5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,p[] ( ,expression 9 ,pa9t+ #hj4 ,! imag9ation does n p]ceive su* excell5t ?+s z ! eye1 because ! eye receives ! images or semblances f objects1 & transmits !m to ! p]ception1 & f !nce to ! bra92 & !re !y are compreh5d$4 ,b ! imag9ation does n issue =? f ! bra91 ) ! exception ( t "p ( x :i* is transmitt$ to ! memory1 & 9 ! bra9 x rema9s & dies1 if ! ?+ imag9$ is n ( high quality4 ,& 9 ?is case poetry is =m$ 9 ! m9d or 9 ! imag9ation ( ! poet1 :o depicts ! same objects z ! pa9t]1 & by reason ( ! "w ( 8 fancy he wi%es to rival ! pa9t]1 b 9 reality he is greatly inf]ior to him1 z we h %[n above4 ,!re=e ) reg>d to ! "w ( fancy we w say t !re is ! same proportion betwe5 ! art ( pa9t+ & t ( poetry z exi/s betwe5 ! body & ! %ad[ proce$+ f x1 & ! proportion is /ill great]1 inasmu* z ! %ad[ ( su* a body at lea/ p5etrates to #abb ! bra9 ?r\gh ! eye1 b ! imag9ative embodim5t ( su* a body does n ent] into ! eye1 b is born 9 ! d>k bra94 ,ah6 ,:at diff]5ce !re is betwe5 imag9+ su* a light 9 ! d>kness ( ! bra9 & see+ x 9 concrete %ape set free f all d>kness4 ,if ?\1 ,o poet1 do/ repres5t ! battle & its blood%$ envelop$ by ! obscure & d>k air1 amid ! smoke ( ! t]rify+ & deadly eng9es1 toge!r ) ! ?ick du/ :i* d>k5s ! air1 & ! flight 9 t]ror ( wret*es panic-/rick5 by horrible dea?2 9 ?is case ! pa9t] w surpass !e1 because ?y p5 w be us$ up be=e ?\ ha/ sc>cely begun to describe :at ! art ( ! pa9t] repres5ts = !e imm$iately4 ,& ?y tongue %all be p>*$ ) ?ir/ & ?y body worn out ) we>9ess & hung] be=e ?\ can/ %[ :at ! pa9t] w reveal 9 an in/ant ( "t4 ,& 9 ?is pa9t+ !re lacks no?+ save ! s\l ( ! ?+s depict$1 & e body is repres5t$ 9 its entirety z f> z x is visible 9 "o aspect2 & x w\ld be a long & mo/ t$i\s matt] = poetry to enum]ate all ! movem5ts ( ea* soldi] 9 su* a w>1 & ! p>ts ( _! limbs & _! ornam5ts :i* ! f9i%$ picture places be=e y ) great accuracy & brevity2 & to su* a repres5tation no?+ is want+ save ! noise ( ! eng9es1 & ! cries ( ! t]rify+ victors1 #abc & ! screams & lam5tations ( ^? awe-/rick52 nei!r aga9 c ! poet convey ^! ?+s to ! he>+4 ,we w say1 !re=e1 t poetry is an art :i* is supremely pot5t = ! bl9d1 & ! pa9t+ has ! same result on ! deaf4 ,pa9t+1 !re=e1 excels poetry 9 proportion z ! s5se to :i* x m9i/]s is ! nobl]4 ,! only true function ( ! poet is to repres5t ! words ( p :o talk among ea* o!r1 & ^! alone he repres5ts to ! he>+ z if !y 7 natural1 because !y are natural 9 !mselves & creat$ by ! human voice2 & 9 all o!r respects he is surpass$ by ! pa9t]4 ,/ill m1 incomp>ably great] is ! wid? ( range ( pa9t+ ?an t ( spee*1 because ! pa9t] c accompli% an inf9ity ( ?+s :i* spee* w n be able to "n = want ( ! appropriate t]ms4 ,& see/ ?\ n t if ! pa9t] wi%es to depict animals & devils 9 ,hell ) :at ri*ness ( inv5tion he proce$s8 ,& ,i once *anc$ to pa9t a picture :i* repres5t$ a div9e subject1 & x 0 b\ght by ! lov] ( h] :om x repres5t$1 & he wi%$ to /rip x ( its div9e "* s z to be able to kiss x )\t (f5ce4 ,b f9ally 8 consci5ce ov]came 8 desire & 8 lu/ & he 0 compell$ to remove ! picture f 8 h\se4 ,n[ g ?\1 poet1 & describe a beautiful woman )\t giv+ ! semblance ( #abd ! liv+ ?+1 & ) x ar\se su* desire 9 m56 ,if ?\ saye/3 ,i w describe !n ,hell & ,p>adise & o!r delights & t]rors1--! pa9t] w surpass !e1 because he w set be=e !e ?+s :i* 9 sil5ce w make !e give utt]ance to su* delight1 & s t]rify !e z to cause !e to wi% to take flight4 ,pa9t+ /irs ! s5ses m readily ?an poetry4 ,& if ?\ saye/ t by spee* ?\ can/ convulse a cr[d ) laught] or te>s1 ,i rejo9 t x is n ?\ :o /irre/ ! cr[d1 x is ! pa?os ( ! orator1 & 8 mir?4 ,a pa9t] once pa9t$ a picture :i* caus$ ev]ybody :o saw x to yawn1 & ?is happ5$ e "t ! eye fell on ! picture1 :i* repres5t$ a p]son yawn+4 ,o!rs h pa9t$ libid9\s acts ( su* s5suality t !y h incit$ ^? :o gaz$ on !m to simil> acts1 & poetry c\ld n d ?is4 ,& if y write ! description ( c]ta9 deities ! description w n be held 9 ! same v5]ation z ! picture ( ! ,deity1 because pray]s & votive (f]+s w always be made to ! picture1 & _m peoples f div]se c\ntries & f across ! ,ea/]n seas w flock to x4 ,& !y w invoke ! picture1 & n ! writ+1 = succ\r4 ,:o is he :o w\ld n lose he>+1 smell & t\* r ?an sight8 ,because he :o loses 8 sight is l ! man :o is driv5 f ! _w1 because #abe he sees nei!r x nor any?+ else any long]4 ,& ?is life becomes ! si/] ( ,dea?4 ,sid5ote3 ,l&scapes #ha4 ,i h be5 to see a v>iety ( cl\d effects1 & lately ov] ,milan t[>ds ,lake ,maggiore ,i saw a cl\d 9 ! =m ( a huge m\nta9 full ( fi]y scales1 because ! rays ( ! sun1 :i* 0 already r$d5+ & close to ! horizon1 t+$ ! cl\d ) its own col\r4 ,& ?is cl\d attract$ to x all ! less] cl\ds :i* 7 ar\nd x2 & ! great cl\d did n move f its place1 b on ! contr>y reta9$ on its summit ! light ( ! sun till an h\r & a half aft] nightfall1 su* 0 its imm5se size2 & ab\t two h\rs aft] nightfall a great1 an incr$ibly trem5d\s w9d arose4 ,sid5ote3 ,vegetation ( a ,hill #hb4 ,! grasses & plants w be pal] 9 proportion z ! soil :i* n\ri%es !m is lean] & devoid ( moi/ure2 ! e>? is lean] & less ri* 9 moi/ure on ! rocks ( :i* ! m\nta9s are =m$4 ,& ! trees w be small] & ?9n] 9 proportion z !y are ne>] to ! summit ( ! m\nta92 & ! soil is lean] 9 proportion z x is ne>] to ! said summit1 & x is ri*] 9 proportion z x is ne>] ! holl[ valleys4 ,!re=e1 ,o pa9t]1 #abf ?\ %alt repres5t rocks on ! summits ( ! m\nta9s--= !y are compos$ ( rocks--= ! great] "p devoid ( soil1 & ! plants :i* gr[ !re are small & lean & = ! great] "p )]$ & dry f lack ( moi/ure1 & ! s&y & lean e>? is se5 ?r\gh ! fad$ plants2 & ! small plants are /unt$ & ag$1 exigu\s 9 size1 ) %ort & ?ick b\ghs & few leaves2 !y cov] = ! great] "p ! ru/-col\r$ & dry roots1 & are int]wov5 9 ! /rata & ! fissures ( ! rugg$ rocks1 & issue f trunks maim$ by m5 or by ! w9ds2 & 9 _m places y see ! rocks surm\nt+ ! summits ( ! high m\nta9s1 cov]$ ) a ?9 & fad$ moss2 & 9 "s places _! true col\r is laid b>e & made visible ow+ to ! p]cussion ( ! lightn+s ( ,heav51 ^: c\rse is (t5 ob/ruct$ to ! damage ( ^! rocks4 ,& 9 proportion z y desc5d t[>ds ! base ( ! m\nta9s ! plants are m vigor\s & _! b\ghs & foliage are d5s]2 & _! vegetation v>i$ accord+ to ! v>i\s species ( ! plants ( :i* su* woods are compos$1 & _! b\ghs are ( div]se arrangem5t & div]se amplitude ( foliage1 v>i\s 9 %ape & size2 & "s h /raight b\ghs l ! cypress1 & "s h widely scatt]$ & spread+ b\ghs l ! oak & ! *e/nut tree1 & ! l2 "s h v #abg small leaves1 o!rs h a sp>e foliage l ! junip] & ! plane tree1 & o!rs2 "s plants born at ! same "t are divid$ by wide spaces1 & o!rs are unit$ ) no division ( space betwe5 !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ to repres5t ,night #hc4 ,t :i* is entirely devoid ( light is all d>kness2 z ! night is l ?is & y wi% to repres5t a night subject1 repres5t a great fire1 s t ! object :i* is ne>e/ to ! fire may be t+$ ) its col\r1 s9ce ! object :i* is ne>e/ ! fire w p>ticipate mo/ 9 its nature4 ,& z y w make ! fire r$1 all ! objects :i* x illum9es mu/ be r$ also1 & ^? :i* are f>!r (f f ! fire w be dy$ to a great] ext5t by ! d>k col\r ( night4 ,! figures :i* are betwe5 y & ! fire appe> d>k f ! obscurity ( ! night1 n f ! gl[ ( ! firelight1 & ^? :i* are at ! side are half d>k & half ruddy1 & ^? :i* are visible beyond ! edge ( ! flames w be altoge!r light$ up by ! r$ gl[ aga9/ a black backgr\nd4 ,z to _! action1 make ^? :i* are ne> %ield !mselves ) _! h&s & cloaks aga9/ ! int5se heat ) av]t$ faces z ?\gh ab\t to flee2 ) reg>d to ^? :o are f>!r (f1 repres5t !m *iefly 9 ! act ( rais+ _! h&s to _! eyes1 dazzl$ by ! int5se gl>e4 #abh ,sid5ote3 ,h[ to repres5t ,/orm #hd4 ,if y wi% to repres5t well a /orm1 consid] & weigh its effects :5 ! w9d1 bl[+ across ! surface ( ! sea & ! e>?1 removes & c>ries ) x ^? ?+s :i* are n /able 9 ! univ]sal drift4 ,& 9 ord] to repres5t ?is /orm adequately1 y mu/ 9 ! fir/ place repres5t tatt]$ & r5t cl\ds ru%+ ) ! ru%+ w9d1 accompani$ by s&y du/ caught up f ! sea%ores1 & b\ghs & leaves torn up by ! =ce & fury ( ! w9d1 & disp]s$ 9 ! air ) _m o!r light objects4 ,! trees & ! plants b5t t[>ds ! e>? almo/ seem z ?\gh !y wi%$ to foll[ ! ru%+ w9d1 ) _! b\ghs wr5*$ f _! natural direction & _! foliage all disord]$ & di/ort$4 ,( ! m5 :o are to be se51 "s are fall5 & entangl$ 9 _! clo!s & almo/ unrecognizable on acc\nt ( ! du/1 & ^? :o rema9 /&+ may be beh9d "s tree1 clut*+ hold ( x s t ! w9d may n te> !m away2 o!rs1 ) _! h&s ov] _! eyes on acc\nt ( ! du/1 /oop t[>ds ! gr\nd1 ) _! clo!s & hair /ream+ to ! w9d4 ,! sea %\ld be r\gh & tempe/u\s1 & full ( swirl+ eddies & foam among ! high waves1 & ! w9d hurls ! spray ?r\gh ! tumultu\s air l a ?ick & swa?+ mi/4 #abi ,z reg>ds ! %ips t are !re1 y w depict "s ) torn sails & tatt]$ %r$s flutt]+ ?r\gh ! air ) %att]$ rigg+2 "s ( ! ma/s w be split & fall51 & ! %ip ly+ d[n & wreck$ 9 ! rag+ waves2 "s m5 w be %riek+ & cl++ to ! remnants ( ! vessel4 ,y w make ! cl\ds driv5 by ! fury ( ! w9ds & hurl$ aga9/ ! high summits ( ! m\nta9s1 & eddy+ & torn l waves beat5 aga9/ rocks2 ! air %all be t]rible ow+ to deep d>kness caus$ by ! du/ & ! mi/ & ! d5se cl\ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ to describe a ,battle #he4 ,9 ! fir/ place y mu/ repres5t ! smoke ( ! artill]y m+l$ ) ! air1 & ! du/1 & toss$ up by ! /amp$e ( ! horses & ! combatants4 ,& y mu/ treat ?is confusion 9 ?is way3 du/ be+ an e>?ly ?+ has weight1 & al?\gh ow+ to its f95ess x is easily lift$ up & m+l$ ) ! air1 x nev]!less falls readily to ! e>? aga91 & x is its f9e/ "p :i* rises highe/1 !re=e t "p w be ! lea/ visible & w seem to be almo/ ( ! same col\r z ! air2 ! high] ! smoke1 :i* is m+l$ ) ! du/y air1 rises t[>ds a c]ta9 height1 ! m x w seem l a d>k cl\d1 & at ! summit ! smoke w be m visible ?an ! du/4 #acj ,! smoke w assume a blui% col\r1 & ! du/ w reta9 its col\r3 ?is mixture ( air1 smoke & du/ w seem mu* bright] on ! side :5ce ! light proce$s ?an on ! opposite side2 ! m d5sely ! combatants are envelop$ 9 ?is confusion ! less di/9ctly w _! lights & %ad[s be visible4 ,y mu/ ca/ a gl[+ light on ! c\nt5ances & ! figures1 ! atmosph]e1 ! muskete]s & ^? :o are ne> !m1 & ?is light dim9i%es 9 proportion z ! di/ance betwe5 x & its cause increases2 & ! figures :i* are betwe5 y & ! light w appe> d>k aga9/ a bright backgr\nd1 & _! legs w be less visible 9 proportion z !y are ne>] to ! e>?1 because ! du/ !re is co>se/ & ?icke/4 ,& if y depict horses gallop+ beyond ! cr[d1 make little cl\ds ( du/1 di/ant "o f ! o!r 9 proportion to ! /rides made by ! horses1 & ! cl\d :i* is f>!/ away f ! horse w be ! lea/ visible2 x mu/ be high1 scatt]$ & ?91 & ! ne>] cl\ds w be m conspicu\s1 small] & d5s]4 ,! air mu/ be full ( arr[s fall+ 9 e direction3 "s fly+ upw>ds1 "s fall+1 "s on ! level plane2 & smoke %\ld trail aft] ! flight ( ! cannon-balls4 ,! =emo/ figures %\ld h _! hair & eyebr[s clott$ ) du/2 du/ mu/ be on e flat portion !y (f] capable ( reta9+ x4 #aca ,! conqu]ors y %\ld make z !y *>ge1 ) _! hair & ! o!r light ?+s app]ta9+ to !m /ream+ to ! w9d1 _! br[s contract$ & ! limbs ?ru/ =w>d inv]sely1 t is1 if ! "r foot is ?ru/ =w>d ! left arm mu/ be ?ru/ =w>d also4 ,& if y portray a fall5 man y mu/ %[ :]e he has slipp$ & be5 dragg$ ?r\gh ! blood-/a9$ mud1 & ar\nd 9 ! wet e>? y mu/ %[ ! impr9t ( ! feet ( m5 & ! ho(s ( horses t h pass$ !re4 ,y w also repres5t a horse dragg+ its dead ma/]1 & 9 ! wake ( ! body its track1 z x has be5 dragg$ along ?r\gh ! du/ & ! mud2 y mu/ make ! vanqui%$ & beat5 pale1 _! br[s knit & ! sk9 surm\nt+ ! br[ furr[$ ) l9es ( pa94 ,on ! sides ( ! nose !re mu/ be wr9kles =m+ an ar* f ! no/rils to ! eyes & t]m9at+ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! latt]2 ! no/rils %\ld be drawn up1 :5ce ! wr9kles m5tion$ above2 ! ar*$ lips %[ ! upp] r[ ( tee?4 ,! tee? %\ld be ap>t1 z ) cry+ & lam5tation4 ,"o h& %ields ! fright5$ eyes1 ! palm be+ held t[>ds ! enemy2 ! o!r h& re/s on ! gr\nd to su/a9 ! rais$ body4 ,y %all portray o!rs %\t+ 9 flight ) _! m\?s wide op52 y mu/ depict _m k9ds ( weapons ly+ at ! feet ( ! #acb combatants1 su* z brok5 %ields1 lances1 %att]$ swords & o!r simil> objects2 y mu/ portray dead m51 "s half cov]$1 "s entirely cov]$1 by ! du/ :i* is m+l$ ) ! spilt blood & conv]t$ into r$ mud1 & ! blood is se5 by its col\r fl[+ 9 a s9u\s /ream f ! body to ! du/2 o!rs 9 _! dea?-agony are gr9d+ _! tee?1 roll+ _! eyes & cl5*+ _! fi/s aga9/ _! bodies & _! di/ort$ legs4 ,"s might be repres5t$ dis>m$ & ?r[n by ! enemy1 turn+ ^u him ) tee? & nails to wreak cruel & %>p rev5ge2 a rid]less horse might be repres5t$ *>g+ ) 8 mane /ream+ to ! w9d amid/ ! enemy1 & inflict+ great damage ) 8 ho(s4 ,"s maim$ man might be se5 fall5 to ! e>? & protect+ himself ) 8 %ield1 :ile ! enemy1 b5d+ ov] him1 tries to kill him4 ,y might %[ a numb] ( m5 fall5 toge!r ov] a dead horse4 ,y w\ld see "s ( ! conqu]ors leav+ ! battle & issu+ f ! cr[d1 cle>+ ) _! h&s _! eyes & *eeks ( ! mud made by ! wat]+ ( _! du/-bespatt]$ eyes4 ,y w\ld see ! res]ves /&+ full ( hope & caution1 ) br[s al]t1 %ad+ !m ) _! h&s & gaz+ ?r\gh ! ?ick & confus$ d>kness1 att5tive to ! ord]s ( _! capta92 & likewise ! capta91 ) 8 /aff rais$1 is ru%+ t[>ds ^! #acc res]ves & po9ts out to !m ! spot :]e !y are ne$$2 & y may add a riv] ) horses *>g+ into x & /irr+ up ! wat] all r\nd !m into see?+ waves ( mix$ foam & wat]1 :i* is spurt$ into ! air & among ! legs & bodies ( ! horses4 ,& !re mu/ n be a level place t is n trampl$ ) gory foot/eps4 ,sid5ote3 ,envy #hf4 ,envy (f5ds ) false infamy1 t is to say1 by detraction :i* fright5s virtue4 ,envy mu/ be repres5t$ ) ! h&s rais$ to heav5 9 contempt1 because if %e c\ld %e w\ld use h] p[] aga9/ ,god4 ,make h] face cov]$ ) a goodly m>k2 %[ h] z w\nd$ 9 ! eye by a palm-bran*1 & w\nd$ 9 ! e> by laurel & myrtle1 to signify t victory & tru? (f5d h]4 ,draw _m ?und]bolts proce$+ f h] z a symbol ( h] evil-speak+4 ,make h] lean & %rivell$ up1 because %e is cont9ual dissolution4 ,make h] he>t gnaw$ by a swell+ s]p5t4 ,make h] a quiv] full ( tongues = arr[s1 because %e (t5 (f5ds ) ^!4 ,make h] a leop>d's sk91 because ! leop>d kills ! lion ?r\gh envy & by deceit4 ,place a vase 9 h] h& full ( fl[]s1 & let x be full also ( scorpions1 toads & o!r reptiles4 ,let h] ride ,dea?1 because ,envy1 :i* is undy+1 nev] we>ies ( sov]eignty4 #acd ,make h] a bridle load$ ) div]s arms1 because h] weapons are all deadly4 ,z soon z virtue is born x begets envy :i* attacks x2 & soon] w !re exi/ a body )\t a %ad[ ?an virtue unaccompani$ by envy4 ,sid5ote3 ,fame #hg4 ,fame alone rises t[>ds heav51 because ,god looks ) fav\r on virtu\s ?+s2 infamy mu/ be repres5t$ upside d[n1 because its works are contr>y to ,god & move t[>ds hell4 ,fame %\ld be depict$ cov]$ ) tongues in/ead ( ) fea!rs & 9 ! =m ( a bird4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,expressive ,picture #hh4 ,a picture or a repres5tation ( human figures %\ld be done 9 su* a way t ! spectator c easily recognize ! purpose t is 9 _! m9ds by _! attitudes4 ,if y h to repres5t a man ( high "*1 let 8 ge/ures be su* z h>monize ) fair words2 likewise1 if y h to repres5t a man ( l[ "*1 let 8 ge/ures be fi]ce1 let him ?ru/ 8 arms t[>ds ! li/5]1 & let 8 head & *e/ be ?ru/ =w>d 9 front ( 8 feet1 foll[+ ! h&s ( ! speak]4 ,x is ?us ) a dumb man1 :o see+ two speak]s1 al?\gh he is depriv$ ( he>+1 nev]!less1 ow+ to ! attitudes & ge/ures ( ! speak]s1 und]/&s ! subject ( _! argum5t4 ,i once saw at ,flor5ce a man :o _h become deaf by an accid5t1 :o1 if y spoke l\d to him1 did n und]/& y1 b if y spoke g5tly1 )\t mak+ any noise1 he und]/ood y m]ely by ! movem5t ( ! lips4 ,n[ y c say1 ,does n "o :o talks l\dly move 8 lips l "o :o talks s(tly8 ,9 reg>d to ?is ,i leave exp]im5t to decide3 make a man speak g5tly to y & note 8 lips4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ages ( ,man #hi4 ,h[ ! ages ( man %\ld be depict$3 t is1 infancy1 *ildhood1 y\?1 manhood1 old age1 decrepitude4 ,h[ old m5 %\ld be depict$ ) lazy & sl[ movem5ts1 _! legs b5t at ! knees :5 !y /& /ill1 & _! feet plac$ p>allel & ap>t1 _! backs b5t1 _! heads lean+ =w>d & _! arms only slightly ext5d$4 ,h[ wom5 %\ld be repres5t$ 9 mode/ attitudes1 _! legs close toge!r1 _! arms fold$ toge!r1 _! heads b5t & incl9$ to "o side4 ,h[ old wom5 %\ld be repres5t$ ) eag]1 vehem5t & angry ge/ures1 l ! furies ( ,hades2 ! movem5t ( ! arms & ! head %\ld be m viol5t ?an t ( ! legs4 ,little *ildr5 ) ready & twi/$ movem5ts :5 sitt+1 & :5 /&+ up 9 %y & timid attitudes4 #acf #ij4 ,y w d z foll[s if y wi% to repres5t a man talk+ to a numb] ( p3 y mu/ consid] ! matt] :i* he has to treat1 & suit 8 action to ! subject2 t is to say1 if ! matt] is p]suasive1 let 8 action be appropriate to x2 if ! matt] is argum5tative1 let ! speak] hold "o f+] ( ! left h& ) two f+]s ( ! "r h&1 clos+ ! two small] ones1 & ) 8 face turn$ t[>ds ! p & 8 m\? half op51 let him seem to be ab\t to speak1 & if he is sitt+ let him appe> z ?\gh ab\t to rise1 ) 8 head =w>d2 if y repres5t him /&+ up1 let him lean slightly =w>d1 ) 8 body & head t[>ds ! p4 ,y mu/ repres5t ! p sil5t & att5tive1 look+ at ! orator's face ) ge/ures ( admiration1 & depict "s old m5 ) ! corn]s ( _! m\?s pull$ d[n 9 a/oni%m5t at :at !y he>1 _! *eeks drawn 9 & full ( l9es1 _! eyebr[s rais$1 & ?us caus+ a numb] ( wr9kles on ! =ehead2 aga91 "s mu/ be sitt+ ) ! f+]s ( _! h&s clasp$ & re/+ on _! knee2 ano!r1 a b[$ old man1 ) "o knee cross$ ov] ! o!r1 & on ! knee let him hold 8 h&1 & let 8 o!r elb[ re/ on 8 h&1 & let ! h& support 8 be>d$ *94 #acg #ia4 ,y mu/ repres5t an angry man hold+ "s "o by ! e>1 beat+ 8 head aga9/ ! gr\nd1 ) "o knee on 8 ribs1 8 "r arm rais+ 8 fi/ 9 ! air2 8 hair mu/ be di%evell$1 8 eyebr[s l[ & n>r[1 8 tee? cl5*$ & ! two corn]s ( 8 m\? set1 8 neck swell$ & 8 br[ wr9kl$ & b5t =w>d z he leans ov] 8 enemy4 #ib4 ,! desp]ate man mu/ hold a knife & mu/ h torn op5 8 g>m5ts1 & ) "o h& he mu/ be te>+ op5 ! w\nd2 & y mu/ repres5t him ) ext5d$ feet & ! legs slightly b5t & 8 body lean+ t[>ds ! e>?1 8 hair fly+ & di%evell$4 ,sid5ote3 ,notes on ! ,la/ ,supp] #ic4 ,"o :o 0 9 ! act ( dr9k+ leaves 8 glass 9 its place1 & turns 8 head t[>ds ! speak]4 ,ano!r1 twi/+ ! f+]s ( 8 h&s toge!r1 turns ) /]n br[s to 8 companions4 ,ano!r1 ) 8 h&s spread out1 %[s _! palms1 & %rugs 8 %\ld]s t[>ds 8 e>s2 8 m\? expresses amazem5t4 ,ano!r speaks 9 ! e> ( 8 neighb\r1 & he1 z he li/5s to him1 turns t[>ds him1 l5d+ him 8 e>1 :ile he holds a knife 9 "o h& & #ach a piece ( bread 9 ! o!r1 half cut ?r\gh by ! knife4 ,ano!r1 9 turn+ ) a knife 9 8 h&1 has upset a glass on ! table4 ,ano!r lays 8 h&s on ! table & looks fix$ly4 ,ano!r puffs out 8 *eeks1 8 m\? full4 ,ano!r leans =w>d to see ! speak]1 %ad+ 8 eyes ) 8 h&4 ,ano!r draws back beh9d him :o is lean+ =w>d & sees ! speak] betwe5 ! wall & ! man :o is lean+ =w>d4 #ada ,,iii ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,sci5ce 99 99 99 ,sid5ote3 ,necessity ( ,exp]i5ce 9 ,sci5ce ,!re is no human exp]i5ce t c be t]m$ true sci5ce unless x c be ma!matically demon/rat$4 ,& if ?\ saye/ t ! sci5ces :i* beg9 & end 9 ! m9d are true1 ?is _c be conc$$1 b mu/ be d5i$ = _m reasons1 & fir/ly because 9 su* m5tal disc\rses exp]i5ce is elim9at$1 & )\t exp]i5ce !re c be no c]ta9ty4 ,sid5ote3 ,!ory & ,practice #b4 ,y mu/ fir/ prop\nd ! !ory & !n expla9 ! practice4 #c4 ,let no man :o is n a ma!matician read ! pr9ciples ( my "w4 #d4 ,9 ! c\rse ( sci5tific exposition ! demon/ration ( a g5]al rule d]iv$ f a previ\s conclusion is n to be c5sur$4 #adb ,sid5ote3 ,c]ta9ty ( ,ma!matics #e4 ,he :o blames ! supreme c]ta9ty ( ma!matics fe$s on confusion & w nev] be able to sil5ce ! contradictions or sophi/ical sci5ces :i* lead to an ev]la/+ clam\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ,sci5ce #f4 ,!re is no c]ta9ty 9 sci5ce :]e "o ( ! ma!matical sci5ces _c be appli$1 or 9 ^? sci5ces :i* are n 9 h>mony ) ma!matics4 ,sid5ote3 ,f ,leon>do's ,diction>y #g4 ,syllogism3 to speak d\btfully4 ,sophism3 to speak confus$ly2 falsehood = tru?4 ,!ory3 k )\t practice4 ,sid5ote3 ,def9ition ( ,sci5ce #h4 ,sci5ce is t disc\rse ( ! m9d :i* d]ives its orig9 f ultimate pr9ciples beyond :i* no?+ 9 nature c be f\nd :i* =ms a "p ( t sci5ce3 z 9 ! cont9u$ quantity1 t is to say1 ! sci5ce ( geometry1 :i*1 />t+ f ! surfaces ( bodies1 has its orig9 9 ! l9e1 :i* is ! end ( ! sup]ficies2 & we are n satisfi$ by ?is1 because we "k t ! l9e t]m9ates 9 ! po9t1 & ! po9t is t :i* is ! lea/ ( ?+s4 ,!re=e ! po9t is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( geometry1 & no?+ else c exi/ ei!r #adc 9 nature or 9 ! human m9d f :i* ! po9t c issue4 ,because if y say t ! contact betwe5 a surface & ! extreme po9t ( an iron in/rum5t is ! creation ( ! po9t1 x is n true2 b let u say t ?is po9t ( contact is a sup]ficies :i* surr\nds its c5tre1 & 9 ! c5tre ! po9t dwells4 ,& su* a po9t is n a "p ( ! sub/ance ( ! sup]ficies1 nei!r x nor all ! po9ts ( ! univ]se c1 ev5 if comb9$1--x be+ grant$ t !y c\ld be comb9$1--compose any "p ( a sup]ficies4 ,& grant$1 z y imag9$1 a :ole compos$ ( a ?\s& po9ts1 if we divide any "p ( ?is quantity ( a ?\s&1 we c v well say t ?is "p %all equal its :ole2 & ?is we c prove by z]o1 or naught1 t is1 ! t5? figure ( ari?metic1 :i* is repres5t$ by a ciph] z be+ no?+1 & plac$ aft] unity x w signify #aj1 & if two ciph]s are plac$ aft] unity x w signify #ajj1 & ?us ! numb] w g on increas+ by t5 to inf9ity :5ev] a ciph] is add$1 & ! ciph] 9 itself is wor? no?+ m ?an naught1 & all ! naughts 9 ! univ]se are equal to "o naught alone1 9 reg>d to _! sub/ance & value4 ,sid5ote3 ,true ,sci5ce bas$ on ! ,te/imony ( ! ,s5ses #i4 ,k :i* is ! issue ( exp]i5ce is t]m$ me*anical2 t :i* is born & ends #add 9 ! m9d is t]m$ sci5tific2 t :i* issues f sci5ce & ends 9 manual "w is t]m$ semi-me*anical4 ,b ,i consid] va9 & full ( error t sci5ce :i* is n ! (fspr+ ( exp]i5ce1 "m ( all c]titude1 & :i* does n result 9 e/abli%$ exp]i5ce1 t is to say1 ^: orig91 middle & end d n pass ?r\gh any ( ! five s5ses4 ,& if we d\bt ( ev]y?+ we p]ceive by ! s5ses1 %\ld we n d\bt mu* m ( :at is contr>y to ! s5ses1 su* z ! exi/5ce ( ,god & ( ! s\l1 & simil> matt]s con/antly "u dispute & cont5tion8 ,& x is truly ! case t :]e reason is lack+ x is supplem5t$ by noise1 :i* nev] happ5s 9 matt]s ( c]ta9ty4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is we w say t :]e !re is noise !re is no true sci5ce1 because tru? has "o end only1 :i*1 :5 x is made kn[n1 et]nally sil5ces controv]sy1 & %\ld controv]sy come to life aga91 x is ly+ & confus$ k :i* is reborn1 & n c]ta9ty4 ,b true sci5ce is t :i* has p5etrat$ into ! s5ses ?r\gh exp]i5ce & sil5c$ ! tongue ( ! disput]s1 & :i* does n fe$ ^? :o inve/igate x ) dreams1 b proce$s f ! basis ( prim>y tru?s & e/abli%$ pr9ciples successively & by true sequ5ce to ! end2 z1 = in/ance1 :at comes "u ! head+ ( elem5t>y ma!matics1 #ade t is1 num]ation & measurem5t1 t]m$ ari?metic & geometry1 :i* treat ) ! highe/ tru? ( ! discont9u$ & cont9u$ quantity4 ,"h !re w be no dispute z to :e!r twice ?ree make m or less ?an six1 nor :e!r two angles ( a triangle are less ?an two "r angles1 b et]nal sil5ce %all ignore all controv]sy1 & ! devotees ( ! true sci5ce w f9i% _! /udies 9 peace1 :i* ! ly+ m5tal sci5ces _c d4 ,& if ?\ saye/ t true & e/abli%$ sci5ce ( ?is k9d is a species ( me*anics1 because !y c only be complet$ by ! h&1 ,i w say ! same ( all ! arts1 su* z t :i* passes ?r\gh ! h& ( ! sculptor1 :i* is a k9d ( draw+1 a "p ( pa9t+2 & a/rology & ! o!r sci5ces pass ?r\gh manual op]ation1 b !y are m5tal 9 ! fir/ place1 z pa9t+1 :i* fir/ ( all exi/s 9 ! m9d ( ! compos]1 & _c atta9 to fulfilm5t )\t manual lab\r4 ,) reg>d to pa9t+1 its true & sci5tific pr9ciples mu/ be e/abli%$3 :at con/itutes a %ad$ body1 :at con/itutes a prim>y %ade1 a d]ivative %ade1 :at con/itutes light3 t is1 d>kness1 light1 col\r1 size1 %ape1 position1 di/ance1 prop9quity1 motion1 re/1 :i* are compreh5d$ by ! m9d only1 & )\t manual lab\r4 ,& ?is is ! sci5ce ( pa9t+ :i* rema9s 9 ! m9d ( ^? :o m$itate on x1 f :i* #adf issues ! "w 9 due "t1 & is inf9itely sup]ior to ! a=esaid contemplation or sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,me*anics #aj4 ,me*anics are ! p>adise ( sci5tific ma!matics1 because ) !m we arrive at ! fruits ( ma!matics4 ,sid5ote3 ,me*anics & ,exp]i5ce #aa4 ,exp]i5ce is indisp5sable = ! mak+ ( any in/rum5t4 #ab4 ,proportion is n only to be f\nd 9 figures & measurem5ts1 b also 9 s\nd1 weight1 "t & position1 & 9 :atev] p[] :i* exi/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,reason & ,exp]i5ce #ac4 ,! p[] ( ! project+ =ce increases 9 proportion z ! object project$ is small]2 ! accel]ation ( ! motion increases to inf9ity proportionately to ?is dim9ution4 ,x w\ld foll[ t an atom w\ld be almo/ z rapid z ! imag9ation or ! eye1 :i* 9 a mom5t atta9s to ! height ( ! />s1 & consequ5tly its voyage w\ld be inf9ite1 because ! ?+ :i* c be inf9itely dim9i%$ w\ld h an inf9ite velocity & w\ld travel on an inf9ite c\rse 7because e cont9u\s quantity is divisible to inf9ity74 ,& ?is op9ion is #adg condemn$ by reason & consequ5tly by exp]i5ce4 ,?us1 y :o obs]ve rely n on au?ors :o h m]ely by _! imag9ation wi%$ to be int]pret]s betwe5 nature & man1 b on ^? alone :o h appli$ _! m9ds n to ! h9ts ( nature b to ! results ( _! exp]i5ce4 ,& y mu/ realize ! deceptiv5ess ( exp]im5ts2 because ^? :i* (t5 appe> to be "o & ! same are (t5 diff]5t1 z is %[n "h4 ,sid5ote3 ,effects correspond to ! ,=ce ( _! ,cause #ad4 ,a sph]ical body :i* possesses a d5se & resi/+ sup]ficies w move z mu* 9 ! reb\nd result+ f ! resi/ance ( a smoo? & solid plane z x w\ld if y ?rew x freely ?r\gh ! air1 if ! =ce appli$ be equal 9 bo? cases4 ,oh1 admirable ju/ice ( ?9e1 ?\ fir/ mov]6 ?\ ha/ n p]mitt$ t any tone %\ld fail to produce its necess>y effects1 ei!r z reg>ds ord] or quantity4 ,see+ t a =ce impels an object :i* x ov]comes a di/ance ( "o hundr$ arms' l5g?1 & if 9 obey+ ?is law x meets ) resi/ance1 ?\ ha/ orda9$ t ! =ce ( ! %ock w cause afre% a fur!r movem5t1 :i* 9 its v>i\s b\nds recup]ates ! :ole sum ( ! di/ance x %\ld h travell$4 ,& if y measure ! di/ance #adh accompli%$ by ! a=esaid b\nds y w f9d t !y equal ! l5g? ( di/ance ?r\gh :i* a simil> object set 9 motion by an equal =ce w\ld travel freely ?r\gh ! air4 #ae4 ,e action mu/ be caus$ by motion4 #af4 ,motion is ! cause ( all life4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ,=ce #ag4 ,:at is =ce8 ,=ce1 ,i say1 is a spiritual virtue1 an invisible p[]1 :i* by accid5tal ext]nal viol5ce is caus$ by motion1 & communicat$ & infus$ into bodies :i* are in]t by nature1 giv+ !m an active life ( m>vell\s p[]4 #ah4 ,:at is =ce8 ,i say t =ce is a spiritual1 incorporate & invisible p[]1 :i* = a brief duration is produc$ 9 bodies t by accid5tal viol5ce are displac$ f _! natural /ate ( in]tia4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( ,=ce #ai4 ,=ce arises f de>? or abundance2 x is ! *ild ( physical motion & ! gr&*ild ( spiritual motion1 & ! "m & orig9 ( gravity4 ,gravity is conf9$ to ! elem5ts ( #adi wat] & e>?1 & ?is =ce is inf9ite1 because inf9ite worlds c\ld be mov$ by x if in/rum5ts c\ld be made by :i* ! =ce c\ld be g5]at$4 ,=ce1 ) physical motion1 & gravity1 ) resi/ance1 are ! f\r accid5tal p[]s by :i* all mortal ?+s live & die4 ,=ce has its orig9 9 spiritual motion1 & ?is motion1 fl[+ ?r\gh ! limbs ( s5ti5t animals1 enl>ges _! muscles1 & ?us enl>g$ ! muscles are %runk 9 l5g? & contract ! t5dons ) :i* !y are connect$1 & ?is is ! cause ( ! /r5g? 9 human limbs4 ,! quality & quantity ( ! /r5g? ( a man c g5]ate a fur!r =ce1 :i* w increase 9 proportion to ! duration ( ! motions produc$ by !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,aspects ( ,=ce #bj4 ,gravity1 =ce & casual motion toge!r ) resi/ance are ! f\r ext]nal p[]s by :i* all ! visible actions ( man live & die4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ,in]tia #ba4 ,a motion t5ds to be cont9u\s2 a body set 9 motion cont9ues to move z long z ! impression ( ! motive p[] la/s 9 x4 ,sid5ote3 ,c ,man imitate a ,bird's ,flight8 #bb4 ,! bird is an in/rum5t :i* op]ates by ma!matical laws1 & man c reproduce all #aej ! movem5ts ( ?is in/rum5t1 b _c atta9 to ! int5sity ( its p[]2 & c only succe$ 9 acquir+ balance4 ,?us we w say t su* an in/rum5t con/ruct$ by man lacks only ! s\l ( ! bird1 & ! s\l ( man mu/ c\nt]feit ! s\l ( ! bird4 ,! _s 9 ! frame ( ! bird d\btless w\ld respond to ne$s ( t frame bett] ?an w\ld ! _s ( man1 ^: frame is diff]5t1 m especially 9 ! almo/ ins5sible motions ( balance2 & s9ce we see ! bird make provision = ! _m s5sible v>ieties ( movem5t1 we c conclude by su* exp]i5ce t man c acquire k ( ! m m>k$ly s5sible ( ^! movem5ts1 & t he w be able to make ample provision aga9/ ! de/ruction ( t in/rum5t ( :i* he has made himself ! _s & ! guide4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ,in]tia #bc4 ,a natural & cont9u\s motion seeks to pres]ve its c\rse along ! l9e ( its />t+-po9t1 t is to say1 let u call />t+-po9t :atev] place 9 :i* x v>ies4 #bd4 ,ev]y?+ ma9ta9s itself by motion4 ,& if x 7 possible to describe a diamet] ( air on ! sph]e ( ! e>?1 l to a well1 :i* w\ld ext5d f "o sup]ficies to ! o!r1 #aea & if a weighty body 7 dropp$ into ?is well1 ! body w\ld seek to rema9 /ation>y at ! c5tre1 b s /rong w\ld be ! impetus t = _m ye>s x w\ld prev5t x f s do+4 ,sid5ote3 ,transmission ( ,motion #be4 ,impetus is a virtue creat$ by motion & communicat$ by ! motive =ce to ! object mov$1 & ?is object acquires motion 9 proportion to ! en]gy ( ! impetus4 ,sid5ote3 ,matt] is ,in]t #bf4 ,no lifeless matt] moves ( itself1 b its motion is caus$ f )\t4 #bg4 ,all elem5ts displac$ f _! natural place seek to return to x1 & m especially fire1 wat] & e>?4 #bh4 ,all matt] univ]sally seeks to ma9ta9 itself 9 its natural /ate2 h5ce1 wat] 9 motion seeks to ma9ta9 its c\rse accord+ to ! =ce by :i* x is propell$1 & if x meets ) opposition x f9i%es ! l5g? ( ! c\rse x began 9 a circul> & reflex motion4 ,sid5ote3 ,conception ( ,en]gy #bi4 ,impetus is ! impression ( motion convey$ by ! motive p[] to ! object mov$4 ,e #aeb impression t5ds to p]man5ce or seeks to atta9 p]man5ce4 ,t e impression seeks aft] p]man5ce is prov$ by ! impression made by ! sun on ! eye :i* reg>ds x1 & 9 ! impression ( s\nd made by ! hamm] :i* /rikes a bell4 ,e impression seeks aft] p]man5ce1 z is %[n 9 ! image ( impetus communicat$ to ! object mov$4 #cj4 ,a weight seeks to fall to ! c5tre ( ! e>? by ! mo/ direct way4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 ,praise ( ! ,sun #ca4 ,if y look at ! />s1 w>d+ (f ! rays 7z may be done by look+ ?r\gh a small hole made by ! extreme po9t ( a f9e ne$le plac$ s z almo/ to t\* ! eye71 !y w appe> s small z to seem z ?\gh no?+ c\ld be small]2 x is ow+ to _! great di/ance t !y appe> s small1 = _m ( !m are v _m times l>g] ?an ! /> :i* is ! e>? ) its wat]4 ,n[ reflect :at appe>ance ?is our /> mu/ h f s great a di/ance1 & !n consid] h[ _m />s might be plac$--bo? 9 longitude & latitude--betwe5 ^? />s :i* are s[n 9 ! d>k space4 ,i c nev] refra9 f blam+ _m ( ! anci5ts :o said t ! size ( ! sun 0 no great] ?an #aec x appe>s2 among :om 0 ,epicurus4 ,i believe he f\nd$ 8 reason+ on a light plac$ 9 our atmosph]e equidi/ant f ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 :i*1 to any "o look+ at x1 nev] appe>s to dim9i% 9 size f :atev] di/ance x is se54 #cb4 ,i %all res]ve ! reasons ( its size & p[] = lat]4 ,b ,i greatly m>vel t ,socrates %\ld h depreciat$ su* a body1 & t he %\ld h said t x resembl$ an inc&esc5t /one2 & he :o oppos$ him z reg>ds ?is error act$ rightly4 ,b ,i wi% ,i _h words to blame ^? :o seek to exalt ! wor%ip ( m5 m ?an t ( ! sun1 s9ce 9 ! univ]se !re is no body ( great] magnitude & p[] to be se5 ?an ! sun4 ,& its light illum9es all ! cele/ial bodies :i* are di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! univ]se2 & ! vital sp>k desc5ds f x1 because ! heat :i* is 9 liv+ be+s comes f ! s\l1 & !re is no o!r c5tre ( heat & light 9 ! univ]se1 z w be %[n lat]2 & x is c]ta9 t ^? :o h elect$ to wor%ip m5 z gods--z ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 ,m>s1 c4--h fall5 into a pr(\nd error1 s9ce ev5 if a man 7 z great z our e>?1 he w\ld h ! appe>ance ( a little />1 :i* appe>s l a dot 9 ! univ]se2 & moreov] ^! m5 are mortal1 & decay & corrupt 9 _! sepul*res4 #aed #cc4 ,epicurus p]haps saw ! %ad[s ( columns on ! walls 9 front ( !m equal to ! diamet] ( ! column :i* ca/ ! %ad[2 & s9ce ! bread? ( ! %ad[s are p>allel f beg9n+ to end he consid]$ t he might inf] t ! sun also 0 directly opposite to ?is p>allel1 & consequ5tly no broad] ?an ! column2 & he did n p]ceive t ! dim9ution ( ! %ad[ 0 ins5sibly small ow+ to ! great di/ance ( ! sun4 ,if ! sun 7 small] ?an ! e>?1 ! />s 9 a great portion ( our hemisph]e w\ld be )\t light--9 contradiction to ,epicurus1 :o says ! sun is only z l>ge z x appe>s to be4 #cd4 ,epicurus says ! sun is ! size x seems to be2 h5ce1 z x seems to be a foot 9 bread?1 we mu/ consid] t to be its size4 ,x foll[s t :5 ! moon eclipses ! sun1 ! sun ought n to appe> ! l>g]1 z x does2 h5ce1 ! moon be+ small] ?an ! sun1 ! moon mu/ be less ?an a foot 9 bread?1 & consequ5tly :5 ! e>? eclipses ! moon x mu/ be less ?an a foot by a f+]'s bread?2 inasmu* z if ! sun is a foot 9 bread?1 & ! e>? ca/s a conical %ad[ on ! moon1 x is inevitable t ! lum9\s cause ( ! conical %ad[ #aee mu/ be great] ?an ! opaque body :i* causes x4 #ce4 ,measure h[ _m times ! diamet] ( ! sun w g into its c\rse 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,& ?us we c see :e!r ,epicurus 0 correct 9 say+ ! sun 0 only z l>ge z x appe>$ to be2 = z ! app>5t diamet] ( ! sun is ab\t a foot1 & z ! sun w\ld g a ?\s& times into its c\rse 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 x w\ld h travell$ a ?\s& feet1 t is1 ?ree hundr$ arms' l5g?1 :i* is ! six? ( a mile4 ,?us ! c\rse ( ! sun dur+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs w\ld h be5 ! six? "p ( a mile1 & ?is v5]able snail1 ! sun1 w\ld h travell$ tw5ty-five arms' l5g? 9 an h\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,sun's ,heat #cf4 ,!y say t ! sun is n hot because x is n ! col\r ( fire b :it] & cle>]4 ,& ! answ] to ?is is t :5 molt5 bronze is hotte/ x resembles ! col\r ( ! sun1 & :5 x is less hot x has ! col\r ( fire4 #cg4 ,x is prov$ t ! sun is by nature hot & n cold1 z has already be5 /at$4 ,if rays ( fire play on a concave mirror :5 x is cold1 ! rays refract$ by ! mirror w be hott] ?an #aef ! fire4 ,! rays emitt$ f a sph]e ( glass fill$ ) cold wat]1 :i* are reflect$ f a fire1 w be w>m] ?an ! fire4 ,x foll[s f ^! two exp]im5ts t ! heat ( ! rays reflect$ by ! mirror or ! sph]e ( cold wat] are hot by virtue1 & n because ! mirror or ! sph]e is hot2 & 9 ?is case x occurs t ! sun1 pass+ ?r\gh ^! bodies1 heats !m by its virtue4 ,& ow+ to ?is !y h inf]r$ t ! sun is n hot1--:i* by ! a=esaid exp]im5ts has be5 prov$ to be exce$+ly hot1 by ! exp]im5t ( ! mirror & ! sph]e1 :i* are cold 9 !mselves1 & reflect ! hot rays ( ! fire & r5d] !m hott]1 because ! fir/ cause is hot2 & ! same ?+ occurs z reg>ds ! sun1 :i*1 be+ hot 9 itself1 & pass+ ?r\gh ^! cold mirrors1 refracts great heat4 ,x is n ! light ( ! sun :i* gives w>m?1 b its natural heat4 ,sid5ote3 ,rays ( ! ,sun #ch4 ,! rays ( ! sun pass ?r\gh ! cold region ( ! air )\t any *ange be+ effect$ 9 _! nature1 !y pass ?r\gh glasses full ( cold wat] )\t suff]+ *ange2 ?r\gh :atev] transp>5t spot !y pass1 x is z ?\gh !y pass$ ?r\gh s mu* air4 ,sid5ote3 ,light ( ! ,/>s #ci4 ,"s writ]s allege t ! />s %9e ( #aeg !mselves1 say+ t if ,v5us & ,m]cury did n %9e ( !mselves1 :5 _! light comes betwe5 !m & ! sun !y w\ld d>k5 z mu* ( ! sun z !y c\ld hide f our eye2 ?is is false1 because x is prov$ t a d>k body plac$ aga9/ a lum9\s body is envelop$ & altoge!r cov]$ by ! lat]al rays ( ! rema9+ "p ( t body1 & ?us rema9s invisible2 z may be prov$ :5 ! sun is se5 ?r\gh ! b\ghs ( a leafless tree at a long di/ance1 ! b\ghs d n hide any portion ( ! sun f our eyes4 ,! same ?+ occurs ) ! above-m5tion$ planets1 :i*1 ?\gh !y h no light 9 !mselves1 d n1 z has be5 said1 hide any portion ( ! sun f our eyes4 ,second pro(4 ,!y say t ! />s %9e mo/ brightly at night 9 proportion z !y are high2 & t1 if !y did n %9e ( !mselves1 ! %ad[ ca/ by ! e>? betwe5 !m & ! sun w\ld d>k5 !m1 s9ce !y w\ld n see nor be se5 by ! sun4 ,b ^! h n tak5 into consid]ation t ! conical %ad[ ( ! moon does n rea* _m ( ! />s1 & ev5 = ^? x does rea* ! %ad[ is dim9i%$ to su* an ext5t t x cov]s v little ( ! />1 & ! rema9+ "p is illum9$ by ! sun4 #aeh ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,nature ( ! ,moon #dj4 ,! moon hav+ d5sity & gravity1 h[ does x /&8 #da4 i4 ,no v light object is opaque4 ii4 ,no?+ light c rema9 b5ea? t :i* is heavi]4 iii4 ,:e!r ! moon is ! c5tre ( its elem5ts or n4 ,& if x has no fix$ position l ! e>? 9 ! c5tre ( its elem5ts1 :y does x n fall to ! c5tre ( our elem5ts8 ,& if ! moon is n 9 ! c5tre ( its elem5ts & does n fall1 x mu/ !n be light] ?an any o!r elem5t4 ,& if ! moon is light] ?an ! o!r elem5ts1 :y is x opaque & n transp>5t8 #db4 ,no body :i* has d5sity is light] ?an ! air4 ,hav+ prov$ t ! "p ( ! moon :i* %9es consi/s ( wat] :i* mirrors ! body ( ! sun & reflects = u ! spl5d\r x receives f ! sun1 & t if !re 7 no waves 9 ^! wat]s1 x w\ld appe> small1 b almo/ z bright z ! sun--x mu/ n[ be %[n :e!r ! moon is a heavy or a light body2 if x is a heavy body--admitt+ t f ! e>? upw>ds ) e grade ( di/ance lightness mu/ increase1 s t wat] is light] ?an e>?1 air is light] ?an wat]1 & #aei fire light] ?an air1 & s on 9 succession--x w\ld seem t if ! moon _h d5sity1 z x has1 x mu/ h gravity1 & if x has gravity ! space 9 :i* x lies c\ld n conta9 x1 & consequ5tly x w\ld fall t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! univ]se & be jo9$ to ! e>?1 or if n ! moon itself1 its wat]s w\ld fall f ! moon & /rip x & fall t[>ds ! c5tre1 leav+ ! moon b>e & lu/reless2 :5ce1 z ?is c\ld n happ51 z reason w\ld tell u1 x is manife/ t ! moon is surr\nd$ by its elem5ts1 t is to say1 wat]1 air & fire1 & ?us x su/a9s itself by itself 9 t space z our e>? is susp5d$ ) its elem5ts 9 ?is "p ( space2 heavy bodies act 9 _! elem5ts !re j z o!r heavy bodies act 9 ours4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,h>mony ( ! ,sph]es #dc4 ,a s\nd is produc$ by ! movem5t ( ! air 9 friction aga9/ a d5se body1 & %\ld x be produc$ by two weighty bodies x is ow+ to ! atmosph]e :i* surr\nds !m1 & ?is friction consumes ! bodies1 s t x foll[s t ! sph]es 9 _! friction1 ow+ to !re be+ no atmosph]e betwe5 !m1 d n g5]ate s\nd4 ,& if ?is friction 7 a fact1 dur+ ! _m c5turies ! sph]es h revolv$ !y w\ld be consum$ by ! imm5se velocity exp5d$ daily2 & ev5 if !y produce s\nd1 ! s\nd c\ld n travel1 #afj because ! s\nd caus$ by p]cussion "u wat] is sc>cely noticeable1 & x w\ld be less ?an noticeable 9 ! case ( d5se bodies4 ,! friction ( poli%$ bodies produces no s\nd1 & simil> result w\ld be produc$ 9 ! contact or friction ( ! sph]es2 & if ! sph]es are n poli%$ 9 _! contact & friction1 x foll[s t !y are r\gh4 ,aga91 _! contact is n cont9u\s2 ?is be+ ! case a vacuum is produc$1 :i* x has be5 prov$ does n exi/ 9 nature4 ,!re=e we conclude t friction w\ld h consum$ ! ends ( ea* sph]e1 & 9 proportion z a sph]e has a great] velocity 9 ! c5tre ?an at ! poles1 x w\ld be consum$ to a high] degree at ! c5tre ?an at ! poles2 & !n ! friction w\ld cease1 & ! s\nd w\ld cease also1 & ! sph]es w\ld cease to revolve unless "o sph]e revolv$ ea/w>d & ! o!r nor?w>d4 #dd4 ,worlds gravitate 9 ! mid/ ( _! own elem5ts4 ,! yell[ or yolk ( an egg rema9s 9 ! middle ( ! album5 )\t mov+ on ei!r side1 & is light] or heavi] or equal to ?is album52 & if x is light] x ought to rise above all ! album5 & /op 9 contact ) ! %ell ( ! egg2 & if x is heavi] x ought #afa to s9k2 & if x is equal to x1 x c /& at "o ( ! ends z well z 9 ! c5tre or bel[4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,e>? appe>s a ,/> #de4 ,! object ( my book is to prove t ! ocean1 ) ! o!r seas1 by means ( ! sun causes our _w to %9e l ! moon & to appe> z a /> to o!r worlds2 & ?is ,i w prove4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,e>? a ,/> #df4 ,9 y\r disc\rse y mu/ prove t ! e>? is a /> l ! moon1 & ?us y w be> witness to ! glory ( our univ]se6 ,& ?us y mu/ disc\rse on ! size ( _m />s4 #dg4 ,h[ ! e>? is a />4 ,! e>?1 9 ! mid/ ( ! sph]e ( wat] :i* clo!s ! great] "p ( x1 tak+ its light f ! sun & %9+ 9 ! univ]se l ! o!r />s1 %[s itself to be a /> z well4 ,sid5ote3 ,to prove ! ,e>? a ,/> #dh4 ,fir/ ( all def9e ! eye2 !n %[ h[ ! tw9kl+ ( a /> exi/s really 9 ! eye1 & :y "o /> %\ld tw9kle m ?an ano!r1 & h[ ! rays ( ! />s are born 9 ! eye4 ,say1 t if ! tw9kl+ ( ! />s 71 z x appe>s to be1 really 9 ! />s1 t ?is #afb tw9kl+ appe>s to ext5d 9 proportion to ! body ( ! />4 ,! />1 !re=e1 be+ l>g] ?an ! e>?1 ?is motion made 9 an in/ant ( "t w\ld 9 its velocity d\ble ! size ( ! />4 ,!n prove t ! surface ( ! atmosph]e1 contigu\s to fire & ! surface ( fire1 :]e x ends1 is ! po9t 9 :i* ! rays ( ! sun p5etrate & be> ! image ( ! cele/ial bodies :i* are l>ge :5 !y rise & set1 & small :5 !y are on ! m]idian4 ,sid5ote3 ,e>? n ! ,c5t] ( ,univ]se #di4 ,! e>? is n ! c5tre ( ! orbit ( ! sun1 nor ! c5tre ( ! univ]se1 b 9 ! c5tre ( its companion elem5ts & unit$ ) !m2 & if any "o 7 to /& on ! moon :5 ! moon & ! sun are b5ea? u1 our e>?1 ) its elem5t ( wat]1 w\ld appe> & %9e = him j z ! moon appe>s & %9es = u4 #ej4 ,! e>?1 %9+ l ! moon1 has lo/ a great "p ( its anci5t spl5d\r by ! decrease ( ! wat]s4 #ea4 ,no?+ is g5]at$ 9 a place :]e is no s5ti5t vegetable & rational life2 fea!rs gr[ on birds & *ange e ye>2 coats gr[ on animals & are *ang$ e ye>1 ) "s #afc exceptions1 l ! lion's be>d & ! cat's fur1 & su*2 grass gr[s 9 ! fields & leaves on ! trees2 & e ye> !y are r5ew$ 9 great "p4 ,?us we c say t ! _s ( gr[? is ! s\l ( ! e>?1 ! soil its fle%1 ! ord]$ arrangem5t ( rocks its bones1 ( :i* m\nta9s are =m$1 ! tufa its t5dons2 its blood ! ve9s ( wat] :i* surr\nd its he>t1 :i* is ! ocean2 its brea?+ & increase & decrease ( blood 9 ! pulses ! ebb & flood ( ! sea2 & ! heat ( ! _s ( ! _w is fire :i* p]vades ! e>?1 & ! vital s\l dwells 9 ! fires :i* f v>i\s ap]tures ( ! e>? issue 9 spr+s & sulphur m9]als & volcanoes1 z at ,m\nt ,etna 9 ,sicily & 9 _m o!r places4 #eb4 ,! anci5ts call$ man ! _w 9 m9iature1 & c]ta9ly ! "n is a happy "o1 because man be+ compos$ ( e>?1 wat]1 air & fire1 ! body ( ! e>? resembles ! body ( man4 ,z man has 9 him bones = ! support & framework ( 8 fle%1 likewise 9 ! _w ! rocks are ! supports ( ! e>?2 z man has 9 him a pool ( blood 9 :i* ! lungs rise & fall 9 _! brea?+1 s ! body ( ! e>? has its ocean :i* rises & falls e six h\rs z if ! _w brea!d2 z f ! a=esaid pool ( blood ve9s issue :i* #afd ramify ?r\gh\t ! human body1 s does ! ocean fill ! body ( ! e>? ) innum]able ve9s ( wat]4 ,! body ( ! e>? lacks s9ews1 :i* d n exi/ because s9ews are made = movem5t1 & ! _w be+ 9 p]petual /ability no movem5t occurs1 & !re be+ no movem5t1 s9ews are n necess>y2 b 9 all o!r po9ts !y resemble ea* o!r greatly4 #ec4 ,wat] is ! driv] ( nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp]i5ce ! ,basis ( ,sci5ce #ed4 ,9 expla9+ ! action ( wat] rememb] to cite exp]i5ce fir/ & !n reason4 #ee4 ,d n =get t y mu/ put =w>d propositions adduc+ ! above-m5tion$ facts z illu/rations1 n z propositions1--t w\ld be too simple4 #ef4 ,wat] 9 itself has no /ability & _c move ( its own accord1 save to desc5d4 ,wat] ( its own accord does n cease to move unless x is %ut 94 #eg4 ,! body ( ! e>?1 l ! body ( animals1 is int]sect$ ) ramify+ ve9s1 :i* are all #afe unit$ & con/ruct$ = ! n\ri%m5t & life ( ! e>? & ( its creatures4 ,sid5ote3 ,wat] is ! ,blood ( ! ,_w #eh4 ,! wat] :i* rises 9 ! m\nta9s is ! blood :i* keeps ! m\nta9 alive1 & ?r\gh ?is conduit or ve91 nature1 ! help] ( h] creatures1 prompt 9 ! desire to repair ! loss ( ! moi/ure exp5d$1 pr(f]s ! desir$ aid abundantly2 j z 9 a /rick5 spot 9 man y w see1 ow+ to ! aid :i* is br\ght1 ! blood ab\nd "u ! sk9 9 a swell+1 s z to succ\r ! spot :i* has be5 /rick52 likewise1 9 ! case ( ! v9e1 :5 x is cut at its extremity1 nature causes its moi/ure to rise f ! l[e/ root to ! end ( ! extremity :i* has be5 cut1 & :5 ?is moi/ure has be5 exp5d$ nature ceases n to supply x ) vital moi/ure to ! end ( its life4 #ei4 ,wat] is t :i* is giv5 to supply vital moi/ure to ?is arid e>?2 & ! cause :i* propels x ?r\gh its ramifications aga9/ ! natural c\rse ( weighty matt] is ! same :i* /irs ! hum\rs 9 e k9d ( animal body4 ,sid5ote3 ,wat] on ,m\nta9s #fj4 ,wat]1 ! vital moi/ure ( ! e>?ly ma*9e1 moves by reason ( its natural heat4 #aff ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,wat] ( ,riv]s #fa4 ,riv]s1 ) _! ru9\s inundations1 seem to me ! mo/ pot5t ( all causes ( t]re/rial losses1 & n fire1 z "s h ma9ta9$2 because ! viol5ce ( fire is exhau/$ :]e !re is no?+ =?com+ to fe$ x4 ,! fl[+ ( wat]1 :i* is ma9ta9$ by slop+ valleys1 ends & dies at ! l[e/ dep? ( ! valley2 b fire is caus$ by fuel & ! movem5t ( wat] by incl9e4 ,! fuel ( fire is disunit$1 & its damage is disunit$ & isolat$1 & fire dies :]e !re is no fuel4 ,! incl9e ( valleys is unit$1 & damage caus$ by wat] is collective1 along ) ! ru9\s c\rse ( ! riv]1 until ) its valley x w9ds into ! sea1 ! univ]sal base & sole hav5 ( ! w&]+ wat]s ( riv]s4 ,b :at voice or words %all ,i f9d to express ! disa/r\s ravages1 ! incr$ible upheavals1 ! insatiable rapacity1 caus$ by ! head/rong riv]s8 ,:at c ,i say8 ,c]ta9ly ,i d n feel myself equal to su* a demon/ration1 yet by exp]i5ce ,i w try to relate ! process ( ru9 ( ! riv]s :i* de/roy _! banks & aga9/ :i* no mortal ba/ion c prevail4 #fb4 ,! recesses ( ! bottom ( ! sea are p]5nial1 ! summits ( m\nta9s are transitory1 :5ce x foll[s t ! e>? w become #afg sph]ical & cov]$ ) wat]s1 & w be un9habitable4 ,sid5ote3 ,trans=mations 9 ,pa/ & ,future #fc4 ,! %ores ( ! sea cont9ually increase 9 soil1 t[>ds ! middle ( ! sea2 ! cliffs & promontories ( ! sea are cont9ually be+ ru9$ & consum$2 ! m$it]ranean seas w dry up & all t w rema9 w be ! *annel ( ! greate/ riv] :i* ent]s into !m2 ?is w fl[ to ! ocean & p\r out its wat]s toge!r ) t ( all ! riv]s :i* are its tribut>ies4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,e>?'s ,vibration #fd4 ,! subt]ranean c\rses ( wat]1 l ^? :i* are made betwe5 ! air & ! e>?1 are ^? :i* cont9ually consume & deep5 ! b$s ( _! curr5ts4 ,! e>? :i* is c>ri$ by riv]s is dis*>g$ at ! end ( _! c\rse1 t is to say1 ! e>? c>ri$ f ! highe/ "p ( ! riv]'s c\rse is dis*>g$ at ! l[e/ dep? ( its c\rse4 ,:]e fre% wat] arises 9 ! sea1 ! miracle ( ! creation ( an isl& is manife/1 :i* w be discov]$ soon] or lat] 9 proportion z ! quantity ( wat] is great] or less4 ,& an isl& ( ?is k9d is =m$ by ! deposit ( e>? & /ones made by ! subt]ranean curr5t ( wat] 9 ! *annels ?r\gh :i* x passes4 #afh ,sid5ote3 ,nature's ,law #fe4 ,nature nev] breaks h] laws4 #ff4 ,nature is con/ra9$ by ! cause ( h] laws :i* dwells inborn 9 h]4 #fg4 ,)\t reason no effect is produc$ 9 nature2 und]/& ! reason & y w n ne$ exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,cause discov]$ by ,effect #fh4 ,be=e ,i proce$ fur!r ,i w make "s exp]im5ts1 because x is my int5tion to cite ! exp]im5t fir/ & !n to demon/rate by reason+ h[ su* an exp]im5t mu/ necess>ily take effect 9 su* a mann]4 ,& ?is is ! true rule by :i* inve/igations ( natural ph5om5a mu/ proce$2 & al?\gh nature h]self beg9s f ! reason & ends 9 ! result1 we mu/ pursue ! contr>y c\rse & beg91 z ,i said above1 f exp]i5ce & by x seek out ! reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,repetition ( ,exp]im5t #fi4 ,be=e d$uc+ a g5]al rule f ?is case repeat ! exp]im5t two or ?ree times & see if ! same results are produc$4 #afi ,sid5ote3 ,example ( prec$+ ,rule #gj4 ,x sev]al bodies ( equal weight & %ape are dropp$ "o aft] ano!r at equal int]vals ( "t1 ! di/ances betwe5 ea* successive body w be equally increas$4 ,! exp]im5t to prove ! above-m5tion$ !orem respect+ motion mu/ be made ?us3 ,take two balls ( equal weight & %ape & let !m fall f a great height s t :5 !y />t fall+ !y t\* "o ano!r1 & let ! inve/igator /& on ! gr\nd & wat* :e!r ! contact is ma9ta9$ dur+ _! fall4 ,?is exp]im5t mu/ be repeat$ sev]al times1 s t ! trial may n be m>r$ by any accid5t & ! exp]im5t vitiat$ & ! spectator deceiv$4 ,sid5ote3 ,necessity ( ,analysis #ga4 ,we "k def9itely t sight is inf9itely swift & 9 an in/ant ( "t p]ceives c\ntless %apes1 nev]!less x only sees "o object at a "t4 ,let u take an example4 ,y1 ,o read]1 w see ! :ole ( ?is writt5 page at a glance1 & y w in/antly realize t x is full ( v>i\s lett]s1 b y w n realize at t mom5t :at ^! lett]s are nor :at !y signify2 :]e=e y w h to proce$ ^w by ^w & l9e by l9e to take cognizance ( ^! lett]s4 ,aga91 if y wi% to rea* ! summit ( a build+ y mu/ m\nt /ep by /ep1 #agj o!rwise x w be impossible = y to rea* ! summit4 ,& !re=e ,i say to y :om nature has drawn to ?is art1 if y wi% to atta9 to a ?or\gh k ( ! =ms ( objects1 y w beg9 by /udy+ ! details1 & n proce$ to ! second until y h committ$ ! fir/ to memory & ma/]$ x 9 practice1 & if y d o!rwise y w be wa/+ y\r "t & protract+ y\r /udies4 ,& rememb] fir/ ( all to acquire dilig5ce1 :i* signifies spe$4 ,sid5ote3 ,vision #gb4 ,( ! nature ( ! eye4 ,"h are ! =ms1 "h ! col\rs1 "h ! =m ( e "p ( ! univ]se are conc5trat$ 9 a po9t1 & t po9t is s great a m>vel6 ,o m>vell\s & /up5d\s necessity6 ?\ do/ compel by ?y law1 & by ! mo/ direct pa?1 e effect to proce$ f its cause4 ,^! ?+s are v]ily miracles6 ,i wrote 9 my ,anatomy h[ 9 s small a space ! visual faculty c be reproduc$ & =m$ aga9 9 its :ole expanse4 #gc4 ,9 _m cases "o & ! same ?+ is attract$ by two viol5t =ces1--necessity & p[]4 ,! wat] falls 9 ra9 & by necessity ! e>? absorbs ! humidity2 ! sun causes x to evaporate1 n ( necessity1 b by p[]4 #aga ,sid5ote3 ,unconsci\s ,reason+ #gd4 ,! pupil ( ! eye 9 ! air exp&s & contracts accord+ to e degree ( motion made by ! sun4 ,& ) e dilation or contraction ! same object w appe> ( a diff]5t size1 al?\gh frequ5tly ! relative scale ( surr\nd+ circum/ances does n all[ u to p]ceive ^! v>iations 9 any s+le object we look at4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,eye #ge4 ,! pupil ( ! eye dilates & contracts 9 proportion to ! v>iety ( bright & d>k objects :i* are reflect$ 9 x4 ,9 ?is case nature has af=d$ comp5sation to ! visual faculty by contract+ ! pupil ( ! eye :5 x is (f5d$ by excess ( light & by caus+ x to dilate :5 (f5d$ by excess ( d>kness1 l ! op5+ ( ! purse4 ,& nature "h behaves l ! man :o has too mu* light 9 8 h\se & closes half ! w9d[1 or m or less ( x accord+ to ne$2 & :5 night comes he op5s ! w9d[ altoge!r s z to see bett] inside 8 h\se1 & nature "h adopts a cont9u$ process ( comp5sation1 by cont9ually regulat+ & readju/+ ! expansion & contract+ ( ! pupil1 9 proportion to ! a=esaid obscurity & light :i* are cont9ually reflect$ 9 x4 #agb ,sid5ote3 ,wat] surr\nd+ ! ,globe ,sph]ical #gf4 ,:5 y collect facts relat+ to ! sci5ce ( ! motion ( wat]1 rememb] to place "u e proposition ! uses to :i* x may be appli$1 9 ord] t ?is k may n be fruitless4 #gg4 ,?is is a difficult "q to answ]1 b ,i w nev]!less /ate my op9ion4 ,wat]1 :i* is clo!d ) air1 desires naturally to cleave to its sph]e because 9 ?is position x is )\t gravity4 ,?is gravity is tw(old1--! gravity ( ! :ole :i* t5ds to ! c5tre ( ! elem5ts1 & ! gravity :i* t5ds to ! c5tre ( ! wat]s ( ! sph]ical orb2 if ?is 7 n s ! wat] w\ld =m a half sph]e only1 :i* is ! sph]e describ$ f ! c5tre upw>ds4 ,b ,i see no means 9 ! human m9d ( acquir+ k ) reg>d to ?is4 ,we mu/ say1 z we say ( ! magnet :i* attracts iron1 t su* a virtue is an occult prop]ty ( :i* !re is an inf9ite quantity 9 nature4 #gh4 ,9 ! motion ( e>? aga9/ e>? ! rep]cussion ( ! portion /ruck is slight4 ,wat] /ruck by wat]1 eddies 9 circles ar\nd ! spot :]e ! %ock has tak5 place4 ,! rev]b]ation ( ! voice cont9ues = a #agc great di/ance ?r\gh ! air2 = a great] di/ance ?r\gh fire4 ,! m9d travels = a /ill great] di/ance ?r\gh ! univ]se2 b s9ce x is f9ite x does n p5etrate into inf9ity4 #gi4 ,if ! wat] :i* rises on ! summits ( ! m\nta9s comes f ! sea1 :5ce x is propell$ by its weight to a great] height ?an t ( ! m\nta9s1 :y has ?is portion ( ! elem5t ( wat] ! p[] to elevate itself to su* an altitude & to p5etrate ! e>? by s great an exp5diture ( lab\r & "t1 :5 ! residue ( ! elem5t ( wat]1 ^: only ob/acle is ! air :i* does n imp$e x1 is n able to raise itself to a simil> altitude8 ,& ?\ :o did/ devise ?is !ory1 g & /udy nature1 s t ?\ may/ cease to acquire su* op9ions ( :i* ?\ ha/ made s great a collection1 toge!r ) ! capital & int]e/ :i* ?\ do/ possess4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,law ( ,gravity #hj4 ,! sph]e ( ! e>? has gravity :i* increases 9 proportion to ! lightness ( ! elem5t :i* conta9s x4 ,fire is light 9 its sph]e & its lightness increases 9 proportion to ! weight ( ! elem5t :i* conta9s x4 #agd ,no prim>y elem5t has gravity or lightness 9 its own sph]e4 #ha4 ,! motion made by bodies :i* possess gravity to ! common c5tre is n produc$ by ! t5d5cy ( ! body to f9d ?is c5tre1 nor is x caus$ by attraction made by ! c5tre1 z by a magnet1 draw+ ! weight t[>ds x4 #hb4 ,:y does n ! weight rema9 9 its place8 ,x does n rema9 because x has no resi/ance4 ,& :i!r w x t5d8 ,x w t5d to ! c5tre ( ! e>?4 ,& :y n along o!r l9es8 ,because ! weight :i* meets ) no resi/ance w desc5d by ! %orte/ way to ! l[e/ dep?1 & ! l[e/ dep? is ! c5tre ( ! e>?4 ,& h[ does a weight f9d ! c5tre ( ! e>? ) su* directness8 ,because x does n proce$ at r&om1 w&]+ by div]se c\rses4 ,sid5ote3 ,ph5om5a gov]n$ by ,me*anical ,laws #hc4 ,in/rum5tal sci5ce1 t is to say1 me*anics1 is ! mo/ noble & mo/ useful ( sci5ces1 inasmu* z by means ( x all liv+ bodies :i* h movem5t act2 & ?is movem5t has #age its orig9 9 ! c5tre ( gravity :i* is plac$ 9 ! middle1 divid+ unequal weights1 & x has de>? & weal? ( muscles & lev] also & c\nt]-lev]4 #hd4 ,s9ce ^! ?+s are f> m anci5t ?an lett]s1 x is no wond] if 9 our day no records exi/ to tell h[ ^! seas fill$ s _m c\ntries4 ,b if "s record _h exi/$1 conflagrations1 floods1 w>s1 *anges ( tongues & laws h consum$ all t is anci5t2 suffici5t = u is ! te/imony ( objects born 9 ! salt wat]s & f\nd aga9 9 ! high m\nta9s f> (f f ! seas ( ^? times4 ,sid5ote3 ,heat ! ,vital ,pr9ciple #he4 ,heat causes moi/ure to move1 & cold arre/s x2 z is se5 9 a cold c\ntry :i* arre/s ! motion ( ! cl\ds 9 ! air4 ,:]e !re is life !re is heat1 :]e !re is vital heat !re is movem5t ( moi/ure4 ,sid5ote3 ,aga9/ ^? desir+ to correct ,nature #hf4 ,! act ( cutt+ out ! no/rils ( a horse is a piece ( ludicr\s folly4 ,& ! fooli% indulge 9 ?is practice z ?\gh !y consid]$ nature _h fail$ to supply necess>y wants1 & man _h !re=e to supplem5t h] "w4 ,nature made two ap]tures 9 ! nose1 :i* ea* 9 #agf itself is half z l>ge z ! lung pipe :5ce brea? proce$s1 & if ^! ap]tures did n exi/ ! m\? w\ld abundantly suffice = brea?+ purposes4 ,& if y said to me1 ,:y has nature ?us provid$ animals ) no/rils if respiration ?r\gh ! m\? is suffici5t8--,i w\ld answ] t no/rils are made to be us$ :5 ! m\? is employ$ 9 ma/icat+ its food4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ,trees #hg4 ,if a tree has be5 /ripp$ ( its b>k 9 "s spot1 nature makes provision = ?is & gives a great] supply ( n\ri%+ sap to ! /ripp$ portion ?an to any o!r1 s t 9 place ( :at has be5 tak5 away ! b>k gr[s ?ick] ?an 9 any o!r spot4 ,& s impetu\s is ! motion ( ! sap t :5 x rea*es ! spot :i* is to be heal$1 x rises high] l a b\nd+ ball1 9 bubbles1 n unlike boil+ wat]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,leaves ( ,plants #hh4 ,nature has s plac$ ! leaves ( ! late/ %oots ( _m trees t ! six? leaf is always above ! fir/1 & ?us 9 cont9u$ succession unless ! rule is ob/ruct$4 ,& ?is %e has done = two useful purposes 9 ! plant3 fir/ly1 s9ce ! bran*es & ! fruit ( ! foll[+ ye> spr+ f ! bud or eye :i* is above & 9 contact ) ! juncture ( ! leaves1 #agg ! wat] :i* fe$s ! %oot may be able to run d[n & n\ri% ! bud1 ?r\gh ! drop be+ caught 9 ! holl[ :5ce ! leaf spr+s4 ,& ! second advantage is t z ^! buds %oot 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 "o w n be cov]$ by ! o!r1 s9ce ! five %oots spr+ on five diff]5t sides4 ,sid5ote3 ,f ,kn[n to ,unkn[n #hi4 ,9 ord] to arrive at k ( ! motions ( birds 9 ! air1 x is fir/ necess>y to acquire k ( ! w9ds1 :i* we w prove by ! motions ( wat] 9 itself1 & ?is k w be a /ep enabl+ u to arrive at ! k ( be+s t fly betwe5 ! air & ! w9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,flight ( ,birds #ij4 ,! reason ( ?is is t small birds be+ )\t d[n _c support ! int5se cold ( ! high altitudes 9 :i* ! vultures & eagles or & o!r great birds1 well suppli$ ) d[n & clo!d ) _m k9ds ( fea!rs1 fly4 ,aga91 ! small birds1 hav+ delicate & ?9 w+s1 support !mselves 9 ! l[ air1 :i* is d5s]1 & !y c\ld n be> up 9 ! r>] air1 :i* af=ds slight] resi/ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,/ructure ( ,w+s #ia4 ,! %afts =m$ 9 ! %\ld]s ( ! w+s ( birds h be5 s devis$ by +5i\s nature #agh z to occasion a conv5i5t pliancy 9 ! direct impetus :i* (t5 occurs 9 ! swift flight ( birds1 s9ce %e f\nd x m practical to b5d a small "p ( ! w+ 9 ! direct flight ?an ! :ole ( x4 ,sid5ote3 ,on a ,fossil ,fi% #ib4 ,o "t6 swift dev\r] ( all creat$ ?+s6 ,h[ _m k+s1 h[ _m nations1 ?\ ha/ ov]?r[n1 h[ great *anges ( k+doms & div]se vicissitudes h succe$$ "o ano!r1 s9ce ! m>vell\s body ( ?is fi%1 :i* p]i%$ 9 ! cav]ns & intricate recesses ( ! m\nta94 ,n[ undone by "t1 ?\ lie/ pati5t 9 ?is conf9$ spot2 ) ?y fle%less & b>e bones ?\ ha/ built ! framework & ! support ( ! m\nta9 t is above !e4 ,sid5ote3 ,we live by ,o!rs' ,dea? #ic4 ,unconsci\s life rema9s 9 :at is dead1 :i* :5 reunit$ to ! /oma* ( liv+ m51 reacquires s5ti5t & consci\s life4 ,sid5ote3 ,aga9/ ,doctors #id4 ,m5 are *os5 to be physicians 9 ord] to m9i/] to diseases ( :i* !y are ignorant4 #ie4 ,e man wi%es to amass money 9 ord] to give x to ! physicians :o are ! de/roy]s ( life2 !y ought !re=e to be ri*4 #agi #if4 ,take pa9s to pres]ve ?y heal?2 & ?\ wilt all ! m easily d ?is if ?\ avoide/ physicians1 because _! drugs are a k9d ( al*emy1 & !re are z _m books on ?is subject z !re are on m$ic9e4 #ig4 ,oh6 m$itators on p]petual motion1 h[ _m va9 projects ( simil> "* y h devis$6 ,g & jo9 ! seek]s ( gold4 ,sid5ote3 ,aga9/ ! ,seek]s ( ,p]petual ,motion #ih4 ,! wat] :i* fl[s 9 a riv] moves ei!r because x is summon$ or driv51 or because x moves ( its own accord4 ,if x is summon$1--& ,i mean s\ght aft]1--:o is ! seek]8 ,if x is driv51 :o is ! driv]8 ,if x moves ( its own accord1 x gives evid5ce ( reason+2 & reason+ 9 bodies :i* cont9ually *ange _! %ape is impossible1 because 9 su* bodies !re is no consci\sness4 ,sid5ote3 ,aga9/ ,occult ,sci5ces #ii4 ,i wi% to "w miracles4 ,i may h less ?an o!r & less en]getic m52 & ^? :o wi% to gr[ ri* 9 a day live a long "t 9 great pov]ty1 z happ5s1 & w always happ51 to al*emi/s1 :o seek to make gold & silv]1 & to ! eng9e]s :o wi% f /ill #ahj wat] to obta9 life & p]petual motion1 & to ! supreme fool1--! necromanc] & ! magician4 ,sid5ote3 ,( ,a/rology #ajj4 ,!re is no "p ( a/ronomy :i* does n dep5d on ! visual l9es & on p]spective1 ! daught] ( pa9t+2 because ! pa9t] is he :o by ! necessity ( 8 art has begott5 p]spective1 & x is impossible to d )\t l9es :i* include all ! v>i\s figures ( ! bodies begott5 by nature & )\t :i* ! art ( geometry is bl9d4 ,& :ile ! geometri/ r$uces e surface surr\nd$ by l9es to a squ>e1 & ea* body to ! figure ( ! cube1 & ma!matics d ! same ) _! cube roots & squ>e roots1 ^! two sci5ces deal only ) ! cont9u\s & discont9u\s quantity1 b !y d n deal ) ! quality :i* con/itutes ! beauty ( ! works ( nature & ! ornam5t ( ! _w4 #aja4 ,"h ! adv]s>y w say t he does n want s mu* k1 & ! m]e skill ( depict+ nature w suffice him4 ,to :i* ,i make reply t !re is no great] error ?an to tru/ to our judgem5t )\t o!r reason+1 z exp]i5ce1 ! enemy ( al*emi/s1 necromanc]s & o!r fooli% intellects1 has 9 all times prov$4 #aha ,sid5ote3 ,aga9/ ,al*emi/s #ajb4 ,! ly+ int]pret]s ( nature affirm t quicksilv] is ! common se$ ( all metals4 ,!y d n be> 9 m9d t nature raises sub/ances accord+ to ! div]sity ( ?+s :i* %e wi%es to produce 9 ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,aga9/ ,necromancy #ajc4 ,! belief 9 necromancy is reput$ to be ! mo/ fooli% ( all human op9ions4 ,x is ! si/] ( al*emy :i* gives bir? to simple & natural ?+s2 b x is all ! m repreh5sible ?an al*emy1 inasmu* z x br+s =? no?+ b :at is l itself1 t is1 lies4 ,?is is n ! case ) al*emy1 :i* is conf9$ to ! simple products ( nature1 & ^: function _c be p]=m$ by nature h]self1 because 9 x !re are no organic in/rum5ts ) :i* x c "w1 su* z ! h&s are to man & :i* h enabl$ him to make glass1 c4 ,b necromancy1 ! flag & fly+ bann]1 bl[n hi!r & ?i!r by ! w9ds1 is ! guide ( ! silly multitude1 :i* con/antly be>s witness ) gap+ wond] to ! c\ntless effects ( ?is art2 & :ole books are writt5 :i* decl>e t incantations & spirits are efficaci\s & speak )\t tongues & )\t vocal organs1 )\t :i* x is impossible to speak1 & c>ry ! heavie/ weights1 rais+ tempe/s & ra9 & #ahb trans=m+ m5 into cats1 wolves & o!r bea/s1 al?\gh !y :o affirm su* ?+s are ! fir/ to be trans=m$ into bea/s4 ,& c]ta9ly if su* necromancy exi/$1 z is believ$ by l[] intellects1 !re is no?+ on ! e>? :i* w\ld be s effectual bo? z reg>ds ! s]vice & detrim5t ( man2 because if x is true t ?is art has ! p[] to di/urb ! calm s]5ity ( ! atmosph]e1 *ang+ x into night & produc+ sp>ks & w9ds1 ) fe>ful ?und] & lightn+s t fly ?r\gh ! d>kness1 & ov]?r[+ high build+s ) viol5t w9ds & uproot+ =e/s & /rik+ armies & %att]+ & ov]:elm+ !m1 & produc+1 9 addition to ?is1 deva/at+ /orms :i* rob ! peasants ( ! fruits ( _! toil1 :at k9d ( w>f>e is !re s deadly to ! enemy8 ,:o 9 naval w>f>e c be comp>$ ) him :o comm&s ! w9ds & g5]ates /orms :i* ru9 & s9k any fleet :atsoev]8 ,c]ta9ly he :o c\ld dispose ( su* viol5t =ces w\ld be ! "l ( nations1 & no human skill c\ld resi/ 8 deadly p[]4 ,! hidd5 treasures & gems conceal$ 9 ! body ( ! e>? w\ld be manife/ unto him4 ,he w\ld let himself be borne ?r\gh ! air f ! ea/ to ! we/1 & ?r\gh all ! oppos$ regions ( ! univ]se4 ,b :y %\ld ,i proce$ fur!r8 ,:at ?+ is !re :i* c\ld n be effect$ by su* an art8 ,no?+1 save #ahc ! discov]y ( immortality4 ,& if x is true1 :y has x n rema9$ among m5 :o s greatly desir$ x1 & l$ !m to disreg>d any deity8 ,& ,i "k t !re are _m :o to satisfy a :im w\ld de/roy ,god & ! univ]se4 ,& if necromancy has n rema9$ ) man 9 spite ( its be+ s necess>y to him x c nev] h exi/$1 nor w x ev] exi/ accord+ to ! def9ition ( ! _s :i* is invisible 9 ! body1 = 9 ! elem5ts !re are no incorporate ?+s1 = :]e !re is no body !re is a vacuum1 & a vacuum _c exi/ 9 ! elem5ts because x w\ld be imm$iately fill$ by !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,deceptiv5ess ( ! ,s5ses #ajd4 ,! eye 9 its giv5 di/ances & by its giv5 means deceives itself 9 ! p]=mance ( its functions less ?an any o!r s5se1 because x sees 9 /raight l9es :i* =m a cone1 ! base ( :i* is ! object x p]ceives1 & transmits x to ! eye1 z ,i int5d to prove4 ,b ! e> greatly deceives itself z to ! position & di/ance ( ! objects x appreh5ds1 because ! sonor\s waves d n rea* x 9 /raight l9es1 l ^? ( ! eye1 b by tortu\s & reflex l9es1 & (t5 ! mo/ remote seem to be ne>e/1 ow+ to ! p]egr9ations ( su* waves1 al?\gh ! voice ( ! e*o is transmitt$ to ! s5se by /raight l9es only4 ,! smell is less c]ta9 ( ! spot :5ce ! od\r arises1 b #ahd ta/e & t\* alone come into direct contact ) ! object :i* !y appreh5d4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,conception ( ,no?+ness #aje4 ,! smalle/ natural po9t is l>g] ?an all ma!matical po9ts1 & ! pro( ( ?is is t ! natural po9t has cont9uity1 & ev]y?+ :i* has cont9uity is inf9itely divisible2 b ! ma!matical po9t is indivisible because x is n a quantity4 ,e cont9u\s quantity is m5tally inf9itely divisible4 ,among ! magnitude ( ?+s :i* are among u1 ! *ief ( all is no?+ness2 & its function ext5ds to matt] t does n exi/1 & its ess5ce is 9 "t 9 ! pa/ or 9 ! future1 & x has no?+ ( ! pres5t4 ,?is no?+ness has its "p equal to ! :ole & ! :ole to ! "p1 & ! divisible to ! indivisible1 & produces ! same result by addition or subtraction1 or if x be divid$ or multipli$1--z is prov$ by ari?meticians by _! t5? "*1 :i* repres5ts no?+4 ,& its p[] does n ext5d to ! ?+s ( nature4 ,t :i* is call$ no?+ness is f\nd only 9 "t & 9 words3 9 "t x is f\nd 9 ! pa/ & future1 & n 9 ! pres5t2 & ?us 9 words among ?+s :i* are said to be nonexi/5t or impossible4 ,9 "t no?+ness dwells 9 ! pa/ & ! future1 & n at all 9 ! pres5t1 & 9 nature x resides among ! ?+s #ahe :i* are impossible4 ,:5ce f t :i* has be5 said1 x has no be+1 because :]e !re is no?+ness !re w\ld be a vacuum4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ,spirits #ajf4 ,) reg>d to ?is matt]1 we h said on ! previ\s page t ! def9ition ( a _s is a p[] unit$ ) a body1 because x _c move ( its own accord nor acquire any k9d ( motion4 ,& if y say t x moves itself1 ?is _c be )9 ! elem5ts1 because if ! _s is an incorporate quantity ?is quantity is a vacuum & ! vacuum does n exi/ 9 nature1 & if x did exi/ x w\ld be imm$iately fill$ by ! ru%+ 9 ( ! elem5t 9 :i* ! vacuum 0 =m$4 ,s accord+ to ! def9ition ( weight :i* runs3 ,gravity is an accid5tal p[] creat$ by "o elem5t attract$ to or susp5d$ 9 ano!r1 x foll[s t no elem5t1 weigh+ no?+ 9 its own elem5t1 c h weight 9 ! elem5t :i* is above x & light] ?an x2 = in/ance1 no "o "p ( wat] has no m gravity or lightness ?an any o!r "p1 b if y 7 to draw x up into ! air1 x w\ld acquire weight1 & ?is weight _c su/a9 itself by itself2 & x mu/ !re=e inevitably fall1 & ?us :]ev] !re is a vacuum 9 wat] x w fall 94 ,! same ?+ w\ld happ5 ) a _s among ! elem5ts :]e x w\ld cont9u\sly g5]ate a vacuum #ahf 9 :atev] elem5t x might f9d itself1 = :i* reason x is inevitable t x w\ld move 9 a con/ant flight to ! sky until x _h quitt$ ^! elem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,has ! ,_s a ,body8 #ajg4 ,we h prov$ t a _s _c exi/ 9 ! elem5ts )\t a body1 nor move ( itself by volunt>y motion unless x be to rise upw>ds4 ,b n[ we w say t if su* a _s took a body made ( air x w\ld inevitably melt into air1 because if x rema9$ unit$ x w\ld be sep>at$ & fall & =m a vacuum1 z we h describ$ above4 ,!re=e if x desir$ to rema9 9 ! air x is necess>y t x %\ld bl5d ) a quantity ( air1 & if x 7 unit$ ) ! air1 two difficulties arise3 t is1 t x w r>efy t portion ( air ) :i* x is m+l$1 & ?is r>efi$ air w fly upw>ds & w n rema9 9 ! air :i* is heavi] ?an itself2 & besides ?is ! e!real spiritual ess5ce is disunit$1 & its nature is *ang$1 = :i* reason t nature loses "s ( its fir/ virtue4 ,!re is 9 addition to ^! a ?ird difficulty1 & ?is is t a body ( ?is k9d1 made ( air & assum$ by ! spirits1 is expos$ to ! p5etrat+ w9ds :i* cont9ually sund] & scatt] ! unit$ portions ( ! air1 eddy+ & :irl+ amid/ ! re/ ( ! atmosph]e2 !re=e ! _s :o w\ld p]vade #ahg ?is air w\ld be dismemb]$ or r5t & brok5 up ) ! r5d+ ( ! air ( :i* x =m$ "p4 #ajh4 ,x is impossible t ! _s1 incorporat$ ) a c]ta9 quantity ( air1 %\ld move ?is air2 & ?is is prov$ by ! passage :]e x is said t ! _s r>efies t portion ( ! air ) :i* x is m+l$4 ,?is air !re=e w rise high above ! o!r air1 & ! air w be set 9 motion by its own lightness & n by ! volition ( ! _s1 & if ?is air enc\nt]s a w9d1 ! air w be mov$ by ! w9d & n by ! _s :i* is incorporat$ 9 x4 ,sid5ote3 ,c ! ,_s speak8 #aji4 ,9 ord] to %[ :e!r ! _s c speak or n x is fir/ necess>y to def9e ! voice & ! mann] ( its orig94 ,! foll[+ w be our def9ition3 ,! voice is ! movem5t ( air 9 friction aga9/ a d5se body1 or a d5se body 9 friction aga9/ ! air 7:i* is ! same idea71 & by ?is friction ( ! d5se & ! r>e :at is r>e is cond5s$1 & resi/ance is caus$2 & aga91 :5 ! r>e 9 swift motion & ! r>e 9 sl[ motion come into contact1 !y cond5se "o ano!r & produce s\nd1 & a great noise is made4 ,! s\nd or murmur made by ! r>e mov+ ?r\gh ! r>e #ahh ) sl[ motion is l ! great flame :5ce s\nds issue 9 ! air2 ! exce$+ly great noise made by ! r>e1 :5 ! air :i* is r>e & swift m+les ) t :i* is r>e & 9 sl[ motion1 is l ! flame ( fire issu+ f a great gun & /rik+ aga9/ ! air2 likewise ! flame :5 x issues f a cl\d /rikes ! air z x begets ! ?und]bolt4 ,!re=e we w say t ! _s _c produce a voice unless ! air be set 9 motion1 b s9ce !re is no air )91 x _c dis*>ge :at x does n possess2 & if x wi%es to move t air 9 :i* x is incorporat$1 x is necess>y t ! _s %\ld multiply itself2 b t :i* has no quantity _c be multipli$4 ,9 ! f\r? place x is said1 t no r>e body c move if x has n a /able spot :5ce x may take its motion1 & m especially is ?is ! case :5 an elem5t mu/ move 9 its own elem5t1 :i* does n move ( itself1 except+ by uni=m evaporation at ! c5tre ( ! ?+ evaporat$2 z occurs 9 ! case ( ! sponge squeez$ 9 ! h& "u wat]1 :5ce ! wat] escapes 9 e direction ) equal motion ?r\gh ! spaces betwe5 ! f+]s ( ! h& :i* squeezes x4 ,z to :e!r ! _s has an articulate voice & c be he>d1 & z to :at are he>+ & sight--! wave ( ! voice travels ?r\gh ! air z ! images ( objects travel to ! eye4 #ahi #aaj4 ,o ma!maticians1 cle> up ?is error6 ,! _s _c h a voice1 = :]e !re is a voice !re is a body1 & :]e !re is a body !re is occupation ( space1 :i* prev5ts ! eye see+ :at is beh9d t space2 !re=e a body fills all ! surr\nd+ air1 t is to say1 ) its own image4 #aaa4 ,!re c be no voice :]e !re is no motion or p]cussion ( ! air1 !re c be no p]cussion ( ! air :]e !re is no in/rum5t1 !re c be no su* ?+ z an immat]ial in/rum5t2 & ?is be+ s1 a _s c h nei!r voice1 nor %ape1 nor =ce2 & if x assumes a %ape x c nei!r p5etrate nor ent] :]e ! issues are clos$4 ,if any "o 7 to say t a _s may take bodies ( v>i\s %apes by means ( conc5trat$ & compress$ air1 & by means ( ?is in/rum5t speak & move ) =ce--,i reply to ?is argum5t t :]e !re are no n]ves or bones1 no =ce c be exp5d$ 9 any movem5t made by ^! imag9>y spirits4 #aic ,,bibliographical ,,note ,,& ,,table ,,( ,,ref]5ces ,,bibliographical ,,note 99 99 99 ,only ( late ye>s h ! manuscripts ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci se5 ! light & ! _m difficulties be5 ov]come :i* long prov$ an ob/acle to _! publication4 ,! lab\r ( edit+1 deciph]+ & translat+ 8 _m scatt]$ & fragm5t>y codices 0 beyond ! ef=ts ( any s+le man4 ,! gratitude ( ! cultivat$ _w is !re=e due to ^? :o1 l ,j4 ,p4 ,ri*t]1 ,c4 ,kavaisson-,molli51 ,luca ,beltrami1 ,piumati1 ,saba*nik(f1 &1 la/ b n lea/1 ! s*ol>s ( ! ,academia del ,l9cei1 h s fai?fully devot$ !mselves to ?is task1 :i* alone has made possible ! pres5t little "w4 ,x 0 unavoidable t ! =m 9 :i* ^! manuscripts h be5 publi%$ %\ld practically re/rict _! possession to ! great libr>ies4 ,b an excell5t volume ( selections f ! writ+s ( ,leon>do1 :i* are f\nd 9 s haphaz>d a mann] scatt]$ ?r\gh 8 codices & int]m+l$ ) 8 draw+s & diagrams1 has be5 publi%$ 9 ,italy 7,leon>do da ,v9ci3 ,framm5ti ,lett]>i e ,/orici1 ,flor5ce1 #aijj74 ,by k9d p]mission ( its editor1 ,dr4 ,solmi1 ?is has s]v$ z a basis = ! text ( ! pres5t translation4 ,! ref]5ces1 h[ev]1 h #aid be5 v]ifi$ ) ! complete editions ( ,leon>do's works1 :ile a diff]5t arrangem5t has be5 made ( ! text4 ,l4 ,e4 ,sid5ote3 ,table ( ,ref]5ces ,,table ,,( ,,ref]5ces ,a ,les manuscrits de ,lon>d de ,v9ci4 ,le manuscrit ,a de la ,biblio?que de l',in/itut4 ,edit4 ,ravaisson-,molli51 vol4 i4 ,p>is1 #ahhj4 ,,a% ,i ,les manuscrits de ,lon>d de ,v9ci4 ,les manuscrits ,h de la ,biblio?que de l',in/itut2 #bjch 7,a% ,i7 et #bjcg 7,a% ,,ii7 de la ,biblio!que ,nationale4 ,edit4 ,ravaisson-,molli51 vol4 vi4 ,p>is1 #ahia4 ,,a% ,,ii ,idem4 ,b ,les manuscrits de ,lon>d de ,v9ci4 ,les manuscrits ,b et ,d de la ,biblio?que de l',in/itut4 ,edit4 ,ravaisson-,molli51 vol4 ii4 ,p>is1 #ahhc4 ,c ,les manuscrits de ,leon>d de ,v9ci4 ,les manuscrits ,c1 ,e et ,k de la ,biblio?que de l',in/itut4 ,edit4 ,ravaisson-,molli51 vol4 iii4 ,p>is1 #ahhh4 ,c ,a ,il ,codice ,atlantico di ,lon>do da ,v9ci nella ,biblioteca ,ambrosiana di ,milano4 ,rome2 ,milan1 #ahia4 7,/ill 9 c\rse ( publication47 ,d ,see ,b4 ,e ,see ,c4 ,f ,les manuscrits de ,lon>d de ,v9ci4 ,les manuscrits ,f et ,i de la ,biblio?que de l',in/itut4 ,edit4 ,ravaisson-,molli51 vol4 iv4 ,p>is1 #ahhi4 #aie ,g ,les manuscrits de ,lon>d de ,v9ci4 ,les manuscrits ,g1 ,l et ,m de la ,biblio?que de l',in/itut4 ,edit4 ,ravaisson-,molli51 vol4 v4 ,p>is1 #ahij4 ,h ,see ,a% ,i4 ,i ,see ,f4 ,l ,see ,g4 ,lu ,lon>do da ,v9ci3 ,das ,bu* vom ,mal]ei4 ,h]ausgegeb5 v4 ,h4 ,ludwig4 #c vols4 ,b]l91 #ahhb4 ,m ,see ,g4 ,r ,! ,lit]>y ,works ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,compil$ & edit$ f ! orig9al manuscripts by ,j4 ,p4 ,ri*t]4 #b vols4 ,london1 #ahhc4 ,s ,leon>do da ,v9ci3 ,framm5ti ,lett]>i e ,filos(ici4 ,trasceiti dal ,dr4 ,edmondo ,solmi4 ,flor5ce1 #aijj4 ,t ,il codice di ,lon>do da ,v9ci nella ,biblioteca del ,pr9cipe ,trivulzio4 ,edit4 ,l4 ,beltrami4 ,milan1 #ahib4 ,v ,u ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,il codice del volo degli uccelli ed altre mat]ie4 ,edit4 ,saba*nik(f e ,piumati4 ,p>is1 #ahic4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ,life ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,life ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 #c #a ,r #d #d #d ,,ca #aai r #c #b ,r #acci #e #e ,lu #i #d #c ,r #hda #e #f ,r #aafi #aif ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 #e #g ,s #fi #ad #cf ,r #hch #f #h ,c ,a #aai r #ad #cg ,lu #af #f #i ,c ,a #ia v #ae #ch ,lu #fe #f #aj ,c ,a #aai r #ae #ci ,s #if #f #aa ,s #ga #ae #dj ,b #d v #g #ab ,r #aagh #ae #da ,f #if v #g #ac ,s #gb #ae #db ,c ,a #gi r #g #ad ,t #b v #ae #dc ,s #ih #h #ae ,c ,a #aab r #ae #dd ,s #ii #h l#f ,lu #fe #af #de ,g #dg r #i #ag ,s #gd #af #df ,c ,a #aai v #i l#h ,s #ccf l#f #dg ,r #hcg #i #ai ,s #gd #ag #dh ,r #abaj #i #bj ,r ll#ge #ai #di ,i #ah r #i #ba ,m #eh v #ai #ej ,s #fg #aj #bb ,v ,u #ab r #ai #ea ,r #aace #aj #bc ,s #gf #ai #eb ,c ,a #afi v #aj #bd ,c ,a #aai r #bj #ec ,s #aad #aa #be ,c ,a #aag r #bj #ed ,s #aae #aa #bf ,c ,a #gf r #ba #ee ,a% ,,ii #d r #aa #bg ,c ,a #aag r #ba #ef ,c ,a #ei r #ab #bh ,c ,a #gf r #ba #eg ,t #f r #ab #bi ,f #bg v #ba #eh ,g #gd v #ab #cj ,s #hc #bb #eh ,s #aba #ab #ca ,r #aaej #bb #fj ,s #abb #ab #cb ,c ,a #aed r #bb #fa ,s #abc #ac #cc ,c ,a #aed r #bc #fb ,h #hi v #ac #cd ,c ,a #hf r #bc #fc ,s #afh #ac #ce ,t #bj v #bc #fd ,f #di v #aig ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 #bd #fe ,s #afi #cf #id ,c ,a #bi v #bd #ff ,r #hdf #cf #ie ,c ,a #ab r #bd #fg ,r #abai #cf #if ,c ,a #ga v #be #fh ,r #aahg #cg #ig ,s #bje #be #fi ,r #hch #cg #ih ,t #cd ,r #bg #gj ,c ,a #ij r #cg #ii ,t #cd r #bh #ga ,c ,a #aai v #cg #ajj ,t #bg r #bi #gb ,r #hci #cg #aja ,c ,a #ga r #bi #gc ,lu #dii #ch #ajb ,lu #gg #cj #gd ,t #g v #ch #ajc ,r #aacb #cj #ge ,s #ahj #ci #ajd ,r #aacc #cj #gf ,r #iaf #ci #aje ,s #bjh #ca #gg ,r #gih #ci #ajf ,t #cdj #ca #gh ,s #ahg #ci l#jg ,t #ad v #cb #gi ,c ,a #aai r #ci #ajh ,c #aag v #cb #hj ,r #a #ci #aji ,g #di r #cb #ha ,lu #bib #dj #aaj ,s #bji #cc #hb ,s #bja #da #aaa ,h passim #cd #hc ,h #fj r #dd ll#b ,s #bad #cd #hd ,h #cb r #de #aac ,h #dh v #cd #he ,s #bjb #de #aad ,s #bl#f #cd #hf ,c ,a #gf r #de #aae ,r #hbg #ce #hg ,s #bjb #df #aaf ,r #hdd #ce #hh ,h #cc v #dg #aag ,r #hl#f #ce #hi ,s #bjc #dg #aah ,s #bba #ce #ij ,t #cc v #dh #aai ,s #bba #ce #ia ,t #bc v #dh #abj ,s #bbi #ce #ib ,a% i #cd v #dh #aba ,c #ae v #cf #ic ,c ,a #gf r #ej #abb ,r #aceh #aih ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 #ea #abc ,s #bag #ed #abg ,r #cjj #eb #abd ,r #acee #ee #abh ,s #chb #eb #abe ,lu #bd #ee #abi ,s #aii #ec #abf ,lu #af ,sid5ote3 ,on ,art ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,art #ei #a ,c ,a #ada v #he #bd ,lu #bi #fj #b ,s #bgd #he #be ,lu #ca #fj #c ,lu #dch #hg #bf ,lu #cj #fj #d ,lu #bg #hh #bg ,lu #cb #fj #e ,lu #cd #ij #bh ,s #bgf #fa #f ,lu #g #ij #bi ,lu #i #fb #g ,lu #h #ij #cj ,lu #ac #fd #h ,a% ,,ii #ai v #ia #ca ,s #bge #fe #i ,lu #b #ib #cb ,a% ,,ii #bj r #ff #aj ,lu #g #ib #cc ,a% ,,ii #bf r #ff #aa ,lu #ad #ic #cd ,a% ,,ii #be r #bd v #fh #ab ,lu #aj #fh #ac ,lu #df #ie #ce ,lu #ce #fh #ad ,lu #ah #if #cf ,lu #cf #fi #ae ,lu #bj #ig #cg ,lu #ch #ga #af ,lu #ba #ih #ch ,lu #dj #gb #ag ,lu #bb #ii #ci ,lu #da #gc #ah ,s #bea #ajj #dj ,lu #dje #gg #ai ,s #beg #ajj #da ,lu #fb #hj #bj ,lu #bg #ajj #db ,r #dih #hb #ba ,lu #bg #ajj #dc ,lu #eg #hb #bb ,lu #bf #aja #dd ,a% ,,ii #af v #hc #bc ,lu #bh #aja #de ,lu #eh #aii ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 #aja #df ,r #ajc #aaf #gj ,lu #ajg #ajb #dg ,r #ajd #aaf #ga ,s #ccg #ajc #dh ,lu #djd #aag #gb ,s #cch #ajd #di ,a% ,,ii #bbv #aag #gc ,s #ccf #aje #ej ,lu #ed #aag #gd ,s #ccg #aje #ea ,i #acj v #aah #ge ,lu #ajh #aje #eb ,c ,a #gf v #aai #gf ,lu #aji #ajf #ec ,c ,a #aai v #abj #gg ,a #bc r #ajf #ed ,g #h v #abj #gh ,k #aaj v #ajf #ee ,a% ,,ii #ag v #abj #gi ,s #cch #ajg #ef ,c ,a #aha v #aba #hj ,lu #ae1 #be #ajg #eg ,s #bjj #abe #ha ,r #ajba #ajh #eh ,s #bhd #abe #hb ,lu #hjf #aji #ei ,s #gh #abg #hc ,a% ,i #ah v #aaa #fj ,s #bhc #abh #hd ,a% ,i #ba r #aaa #fa ,g #cc r v #abi #he ,a% ,i #cj v #aaa #fb ,r #gif #acc #hf ,s #bl#f #aab #fc ,a% ,,ii #bf r #acd #hg ,a% ,,ii #bb v #aac #fd ,a% ,,ii #bh r #acd #hh ,s #cce #aac #fe ,a% ,,ii #bf r #ace #hi ,s #cch #aad #ff ,a% ,,ii #be r #acf #ij ,s #cci #aad #fg ,a% ,,ii #bd v #acg #ia ,s #cda #aae #fh ,lu #ec #acg #ib ,s #cdb #aaf #fi ,s #abb #acg #ic ,s #cdj ,sid5ote3 ,on ,sci5ce ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,sci5ce #ada #a ,lu #a #ada #c ,r #c #ada #b ,r #aaj #ada #d ,r #f #bjj ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 #adb #e ,r #aaeg #aed #cd ,f #f r #adb #f ,g #if v #aee #ce ,f #h r #adb #g ,t #ab r #aee #cf ,f #cd v #adb #h ,lu #a #aee #cg ,g #cd r #adc #i ,lu #cc #aef #ch ,f #he v #adf #aj ,e #h v #aef #ci ,s #acf #adf #aa ,r #aaef #aeh #dj ,s #ada #adf #ab ,k #di r #aeh #da ,s #aci #adf #ac ,i #ajb r1 v #aeh #db ,s #adj #adg #ad ,a #bd r #aei #dc ,s #abh #adh #ae ,s #abd #afj #dd ,r #ijb #adh l#f ,t #cf v #afa #de ,s #ach #adh #ag ,t #cf v #afa #df ,s #acg #adh #ah ,h #ada r #afa #dg ,s #acg #adh #ai ,e #bb r #afa #dh ,s #ach #adi #bj ,i #fh r #afb #di ,s #aci #adi #ba ,r #hei #afb #ej ,s #aci #adi #bb ,f #eb r #afb #ea ,s #adb #aej #bc ,s #abf #afc #eb ,c ,a #hj r #aej #bd ,s l#bg #afd #ec ,h #ie r #aea #be ,b #fc r #afd #ed ,h #ij r #aea #bf ,s #abe #afd #ee ,s #hh #aea #bg ,c #bf v #afd #ef ,f #cj v #aea #bh ,a #fj r #afd #eg ,r #ajjj #aea #bi ,s #abd #afe #eh ,r #igj #aeb #cj ,c #bh v #afe #ei ,h #gg r #aeb #ca ,r #hfj #afe #fj ,r #ife #aec #cb ,s #aca #aff #fa ,r #iec #aed #cc ,s #acb #aff #fb ,f #eb v #bja ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 ,page4 ,no4 ,ref]5ce4 #afg #fc ,g #di v #agf #hh ,s #aah #afg #fd ,k #bb #agg #hi ,e #ed r #afh #fe ,s #aac #agg #ij ,c ,a #ff v #afh #ff ,s #aac #agg #ia ,e #eb v #afh #fg ,c ,a #adg v #agh #ib ,s #adh #afh #fh ,e #ee v #agh #ic ,s #afg #afh #fi ,s #hh #agh #id ,s #bjj #afi #gj ,m #eg r #agh #ie ,s #bjj #afi #ga ,r #ajg #agi #if ,s #bjj #agj #gb ,c ,a #ccg v #agi #ig ,r #abjf #agj #gc ,t #ci r #agi #ih ,k #aja v #aga #gd ,i #bjb #agi #ii ,r #gif #aga #ge ,d #e r #ahj #ajj ,lu #ag #agb #gf ,f #b v #ahj #aja ,s #ff #agb #gg ,c ,a #ge v #aha #ajb ,s #abb #agb #gh ,h #fg v #aha #ajc ,r #abac #agc #gi ,f #b v #ahc #ajd ,s #aha #agc #hj ,f #fi v #ahd #aje ,a% ,,iii #bg v #agd #ha ,s #abi #ahe #ajf ,s #aib #agd #hb ,c ,a #aec v #ahf #ajg ,r #abad #agd #hc ,v ,u #c v #ahg #ajh ,r #abae #age #hd ,r #ihd #ahg #aji ,c ,a #ahg v #age #he ,s #adb #ahi #aaj ,s #aif #age #hf ,c ,a #gf r #ahi #aaa ,b #d ,v #agf #hg ,c ,a #gf r ,,( ,,?is ,,volume ,,translat$ ,,by ,,maurice ,,b>+ ,,& ,,edit$ ,,by ,,lewis ,,e9/e9 ,,) ,,types ,,decorations ,,by ,,h]b]t ,p4 ,,horne ,,ccciii ,,copies ,,7 ,,pr9t$ ,,optimum ,,vix ,,satis ,,by ,d4 ,b4 ,,updike ,,at ,,! ,,m]rym\nt ,,press ,,bo/on ,,massa*usetts ,,9 ,,! ,,mon? ,,( ,,septemb] ,,mcm ,,vi