,! ,ca!dral ,s]ies ,! foll[+1 ea* #a vol41 libr>y #abmo1 clo?1 gilt top pr(usely illu/rat$4 #b4ej ,! ,ca!drals ( ,nor!rn ,france ,,by ,,francis ,,milt\n ,! ,ca!drals ( ,s\!rn ,france ,,by ,,francis ,,milt\n ,! ,ca!drals ( ,engl& ,,by ,,m>y ,j4 ,,tab] ,! foll[+1 ea* #a vol41 libr>y #abmo1 clo?1 gilt top1 pr(usely illu/rat$4 ,net1 #b4jj ,! ,ca!drals & ,*ur*es ( ! ,rh9e ,,by ,,francis ,,milt\n ,! ,ca!drals ( ,nor!rn ,spa9 ,,by ,,*>les ,,rudy ,l4 ,c4 ,,page ,,company ,new ,engl& ,build+1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame 444 de ,,noyon ,,! ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,nor!rn ,,france ,by ,,francis ,,milt\n ,,) ,,eighty ,,illu/rations1 ,,plans1 ,,& ,,diagrams1 ,by ,,blan*e ,mc,m,a,n,u,s ,illu/ration ,,bo/on ,l4 ,c4 ,page & ,company ,,mdcccciiii ,copyright1 #aijc ,,by ,l4 ,c4 ,,page ,,company 7,,incorporat$7 ,all rights res]v$ ,publi%$ ,octob]1 #aijc ,colonial ,press ,electrotyp$ & ,pr9t$ by ,c4 ,h4 ,simonds ,co4 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,?is ,,book ,,is ,,d$icat$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,& ,,arti/ ,,to ,,! ,,g5ius ,,( ,,race ,,:i* ,,made ,,possible ,,! ,,exi/5ce ,,( ,,^! ,,ar*itectural ,,glories ,,( ,,france ,,apologia ,!re are two ways ( writ+ a book ( travel3 to rec\nt ! j\rney itself or ! results ( x4 ,?is is also ! case ) reg>d to any "w :i* attempts to purvey topographical or hi/orical in=mation ( a nature :i* is only to be ga!r$ ^u ! spot2 &1 :5 an additional side-light is %[n by reason ( ! inclusion1 z 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 ( ! arti/ic & religi\s elem5t1 x becomes m & m a "q ( judici\s selection & arrangem5t ( fact1 r ?an a m]e haz>d+ ( op9ions1 :i*1 9 _m cases1 c be naught b conjecture1 & may1 9 spite ( any good claim to au?oritativ5ess1 be misund]/ood or p]v]t$ to an inutile end1 or1 :at is worse1 swall[$ 9 t oblivion :]e lies s mu* excell5t ?\ght1 :i*1 lack+ ei!r balance or timel9ess1 has become /r&$1 wreck$1 & practically lo/ to view because ( its unappropriate & unattractive pres5tation4 ,to-day1 ! purely te*nical writ] may h little hope ( immortality unless he is broad-m9d$ en\gh to take a cultivat$ int]e/ 9 _m matt]s outside ! k5 ( 8 own p>ticul> sph]e4 ,! be/-equipp$ p]son liv+ c\ld n produce a new ,diction>y ( ,ar*itecture1 & expect x to fill any ni*e t may be wait+ = su* a "w1 unless he br\ght to be>1 9 addition to 8 own special k1 some?+ ( ! /ati/ician1 some?+ ( ! pr(ess$ compil]1 &1 if possible1 a little ( ! n unimportant k possess$ by ! mak] & sell] ( books1 mean+--! publi%]4 ,giv5 ^! qualifications1 x is likely t he w !n produce an ensemble z f> 9 advance ( :at o!rwise might h be5 z is ! mod]n pr9t+ ma*9e1 z a factor 9 ! dissem9ation ( lit]ature1 z comp>$ ) ! anci5t scribes work+ to ! same end4 ,! s5tim5tali/ & rhapsodi/ 9 words & ideas is a dw9dl+ factor at ! pres5t day1 & a new pres5tation ( fact is occasionally to be met ) 9 ! pr9t$ page4 ,! be/ book ( travel )9 ! k ( ! writ]1 & p]haps "o ( ! slighte/ 9 bulk ev] writt5 9 ! ,engli% language1 is ,/ev5son's ,inl& ,voyage--"h 7 imag9ation1 appreciation1 & a new way ( see+ ?+s1 &1 above all1 en?usiasm2 & ?is is ! =mula ^u :i* d\btless _m a future writ] w build 8 reputation1 ?\gh he may nev] rea* ! significant heights express$ by ,/ev5son 9 ! picturesque word+ ( 8 wi% to be made ,bi%op ( ,noyon4 ,?is app>5t digression into a critical e/imate ( ! mak+ ( books is b ano!r expression ( ! ju/ification ( ! writ] 9 ! attempt h]e9 made to set =? 9 attractive & endur+ =m c]ta9 facts & realities ) reg>d to ! gr& & glori\s gr\p ( ca!drals ( ,nor!rn ,france4 ,!y h appe>$ z dem&+ some?+ m ?an ! conv5tional guide-book1 or ev5 te*nical e/imates z to _! p]fections1 & ! belief is t ! ga!r+ toge!r1 aft] ?is fa%ion1 ( ! contempor>y in=mation n always to ! h& ( ! g5]al read] pres5ts an attraction z appeal+ & des]v+ ( a place on ! book-%elf z w\ld be an av[$ ref]5ce "w1 or a volume made to sell on ! /r5g? ( its bulk or ornat5ess1 or1 lack+ ^! que/ionable attributes1 pres5t$ 9 ! guise ( a :ilom text-book1 ! sole prov9ce ( :i* is to imp>t k aft] a c]ta9 well recogniz$ & set patt]n4 ,x is believ$ t1 reg>dless ( mu* t has be5 said & writt5 an5t ! subject1 ! fact rema9s t "s consid]able numb]s ( p]sons may be suppos$ to exi/ :o w\ld be glad ( a fur!r sugge/ion :i* w\ld make possible an acqua9tance ) ! ca!drals ( ,france z a "p ( _! own p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,to all su*1 !n1 x is to be hop$ ?is book w appeal4 ,f4 ,m4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,introduction #aa ,,"p ,i4 ,,transition ,,examples ,i4 ,introductory #da ,,ii4 ,notre ,dame de ,laon #dc ,,iii4 ,notre ,dame de ,noyon #di ,,iv4 ,notre ,dame de ,soissons #ed ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,! ,,gr& ,,gr\p ,i4 ,introductory #fa ,,ii4 ,notre ,dame d',ami5s #fd ,,iii4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,beauvais #gj ,,iv4 ,notre ,dame de ,r\5 #gi ,v4 ,basilique de ,/4 ,d5is #ic ,,vi4 ,notre ,dame de ,p>is #aja ,,vii4 ,/4 ,juli52 ,le ,mans #aac ,,viii4 ,notre ,dame de ,*>tres #abc ,,ix4 ,notre ,dame de ,reims #acb ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,! ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,! ,,loire ,i4 ,introductory #adg ,,ii4 ,/4 ,croix d',orleans #aej ,,iii4 ,/4 ,l\is de ,blois #aef ,,iv4 ,/ ,gati5 de ,t\rs #afc ,v4 ,/4 ,maurice d',ang]s #agc ,,vi4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,nantes #ahc ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,c5tral ,,france ,i4 ,/4 ,eti5ne d',aux]re #aia ,,ii4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,b\rges #aii ,,iii4 ,/4 ,cyr & ,/4 ,juliette de ,nev]s #bji ,,iv4 ,/4 ,mammes de ,langres #bah ,v4 ,notre ,dame d',auxonne #bbj ,,"p ,v4 ,,ea/ ,,( ,,p>is ,i4 ,introductory #bbc ,,ii4 ,notre ,dame de ,b\logne-sur-,m] #bca ,,iii4 ,notre ,dame de ,cambrai #bcd ,,iv4 ,notre ,dame de ,/4 ,om] #bcg ,v4 ,/4 ,vaa/ d',arras #bdb ,,vi4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,t\l #bdg ,,vii4 ,/4 ,eti5ne1 ,*alons-sur-,m>ne #bea ,,viii4 ,/4 ,di #bed ,,ix4 ,/4 ,laz>e d',autun #beg ,x4 ,/4 ,bnigne de ,dijon #bfb ,,xi4 ,notre ,dame de ,s5lis #bff ,,xii4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,meaux #bgj ,,xiii4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,troyes #bgd ,,xiv4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,s5s #bgi ,,"p ,,vi4 ,,we/]n ,,norm&y ,,& ,,brittany ,i4 ,introductory #bhe ,,ii4 ,notre ,dame d',evreux #bhh ,,iii4 ,notre ,dame d',al5on #bif ,,iv4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,lisieux #cja ,v4 ,notre ,dame de ,sez #cje ,,vi4 ,notre ,dame de ,bayeux #caj ,,vii4 ,notre ,dame de ,/4 ,lo #cae ,,viii4 ,notre ,dame de ,c\tances #cba ,,ix4 ,/4 ,pi]re d',avran*es #cbf ,x4 ,/4 ,sol1 ,dol-de-,bretagne #cbi ,,xi4 ,/4 ,malo & ,/4 ,s]van #cce ,,xii4 ,trgui] #cci ,,xiii4 ,/4 ,brieuc #cdb ,,xiv4 ,/4 ,pol de ,leon #cde ,,xv4 ,/4 ,cor5t9 de ,quimp] #cdh ,,xvi4 ,vannes #cea ,,app5dices ,i4 ,! ,ar*itectural ,divisions ( ,france #cec ,,ii4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,france #cef ,,iii4 ,! ,*ur* 9 ,france #cei ,,iv4 ,a ,li/ ( ! ,l>g] ,fr5* ,*ur*es ,:i* ,7 at ,"o ,"t ,ca!drals #cfb ,v4 ,*ronology ( ! ,*ief ,/yles & ,examples ( ,*ur* ,build+ #cfe ,,vi4 ,dim5sions & ,*ronology #cff ,,vii4 ,! ,fr5* ,k+s f ,*>lemagne ,onw>d #chc ,,viii4 ,measurem5ts ( ! ,ca!drals at ,ami5s & ,salisbury #chd ,,ix4 ,fr5* ,metres ,r$uc$ to ,engli% ,feet #che ,x4 ,a ,brief ,gloss>y ( ,ar*itectural ,t]ms #chf ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,page ,notre ,dame de ,noyon ,frontispiece ,notre ,dame de ,laon #dc ,notre ,dame de ,noyon #dg ,notre ,dame d',ami5s #fd ,/4 ,pi]re de ,beauvais #gj ,notre ,dame de ,r\5 #gg ,basilique de ,/4 ,d5is #ia ,oriflamme ( ,/4 ,d5is #ajj ,notre ,dame de ,p>is #aja ,notre ,dame de ,p>is f ! ,riv] #ajg ,/4 ,juli52 ,le ,mans #aaa ,notre ,dame de ,*>tres #abc ,notre ,dame de ,reims #acb ,/4 ,croix d',orleans #aej ,/4 ,l\is de ,blois #aef ,/4 ,gati5 de ,t\rs #afa ,fly+ ,buttress1 ,/4 ,gati5 de ,t\rs #agj ,/4 ,maurice d',ang]s #aga ,/4 ,pi]re de ,nantes #ahc ,/4 ,eti5ne d',aux]re #aia ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,b\rges #aig ,/4 ,cyr & ,/4 ,juliette de ,nev]s #bji ,/4 ,mammes de ,langres #bah ,nancy #bbg ,b\logne1 ,/4 ,om]1 ,arras #bbi ,notre ,dame de ,cambrai #bcf ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,t\l #bdg ,/4 ,eti5ne1 ,*alons-sur-,m>ne #bea ,/4 ,di #bed ,/4 ,laz>e d',autun #beg ,/4 ,bnigne de ,dijon #bfb ,notre ,dame de ,s5lis #bff ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,meaux #bgj ,/4 ,pi]re de ,troyes #bgd ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,s5s #bgi ,notre ,dame d',evreux #bhi ,w9d[ ,fram+--,evreux #bie ,notre ,dame d',al5on #bif ,/4 ,pi]re de ,lisieux #bii ,notre ,dame de ,sez #cje ,notre ,dame de ,bayeux #caj ,notre ,dame de ,/4 ,lo #cae ,notre ,dame de ,c\tances #cai ,/4 ,pi]re d',avran*es #cbf ,column ( ,/4 ,pi]re d',avran*es #cbh ,/4 ,samson1 ,dol-de-,bretagne #cbi ,/4 ,malo & ,/4 ,s]van4--,trgui] #ccc ,/4 ,brieuc #cdb ,/4 ,cor5t9 de ,quimp] #cdh ,notre ,dame d',ami5s 7diagram7 #cff ,map ( ,ang]s #cfg ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,b\rges 7diagram7 #cgj ,notre ,dame de ,laon 7diagram7 #cgb ,/4 ,juli51 le ,mans 7diagram7 #cgc ,map ( ,nantes #cgd ,notre ,dame de ,noyon 7diagram7 #cge ,notre ,dame de ,p>is 7diagram7 #cgf ,notre ,dame de ,reims 7diagram7 #cgg ,fly+ ,buttresses1 ,reims #cgg ,notre ,dame de ,r\5 7diagram7 #cgh ,basilique de ,/4 ,d5is 7diagrams7 #chj ,map ( ,t\rs #cha ,*>les ,,vii4 #chc ,gr\nd ,plan #chf ,cross ,section #chg ,int]ior #chh ,cross ,section #chi ,! ,ca!drals ( ,nor!rn ,france ,,introduction ,an attempt to enum]ate ! ar*itectural monum5ts ( ,france is n possible )\t due consid]ation be+ giv5 to ! topographical divisions ( ! c\ntry1 :i*1 s f> z ! e>ly population & ! expression ( _! arts & cu/oms is conc]n$1 naturally divides itself into two gr& divisions ( influ5ces1 widely dissimil>4 ,hi/orians1 g5]ally1 agree t ! c\ntry :i* embraces ! ,franki% influ5ces 9 ! nor?1 z di/9ct f t :]e are spok5 ! romance languages1 f9ds its p>tition some:]e ab\t a l9e drawn f ! m\? ( ! ,loire to ! ,swiss lakes4 ,t]ritorially1 ?is approa*es an equal division1 ) ! *>act]i/ics ( ar*itectural =ms well nigh z equally divid$4 ,inde$1 ,f]gusson1 :o 9 8 g5]al e/imates & valuations is seldom at fault1 ?us divides x3--on a l9e :i* foll[s ! valley ( ! ,loire to a po9t betwe5 ,t\rs & ,orleans1 !n s\?we/]ly to ,lyons1 & !nce along ! valley ( ! ,rhne to ,g5eva4 ,) su* a ju/ification1 !n1 x is natural t "s arbitr>y division %\ld be made 9 arrang+ ! subject matt] ( a volume :i* treats1 9 "p only1 ( a c\ntry or its memorials2 ev5 ?\gh ! influ5ces ( "o section may n only h lapp$ ov] into ! o!r1 b1 z 9 c]ta9 in/ances1 ext5d$ f> beyond4 ,z ! peoples 7 divid$ 9 spee*1 s 7 !y 9 _! mann] ( build+1 & ! mo/ ?or\ghly consi/5t & individual types 7 9 ! ma9 conf9$ to ! environm5t ( _! bir?4 ,a notable exception is f\nd 9 ,brittany1 :]e is app>5t a g5]\s admixture ( /yle :i* does n occur 9 ! *ur*es ( ! fir/ rank2 ref]r+ to ! impos+ /ructures ( ! ,isle de ,france & its imm$iate vic9ity4 ,! ,gr& ,ca!drals ( ?is region are1 p]haps1 mo/ /rongly impress$ ^u ! m9d ( :oev] takes some?+ m ?an a sup]ficial int]e/ 9 ! subject z ! type :i* embodies ! l(tie/ pr9ciples ( ,go?ic =ms1 &1 z su*1 !y are p]haps be/ rememb]$ by t v consid]able body ( p]sons kn[n z intellig5t obs]v]s4 ,! /ronge/ influ5ces at "w 9 ! nor? f ! twelf? c5tury onw>d h be5 9 fav\r ( ! ,go?ic or po9t$ /yles1 :il/1 9 ! s\?1 civic & ecclesia/ical ar*itecture alike 7 ( a manife/ ,byzant9e or ,romanesque t5d5cy4 ,no bett] illu/ration ( ?is is possible ?an to recall ! fact t1 :5 ! build]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury und]took to complete t a/\nd+ly impressive *oir at ,beauvais1 !y s\ght to rival 9 size & magnific5ce its namesake at ,rome1 :i*1 "u ! c>e ( ! ,pontiff himself1 0 !n be+ project$4 ,?us x 0 t ?is ?or\ghly ,go?ic /ructure ( ! nor? 0 to /& =? z ! indicator ( local influ5ces1 z contra/$ ) ! ,italian design & plans ( ! ,/4 ,pet]'s ( ! s\?4 ,a discussion ( ! m]its ( any t]ritorial claims z to ! inception ( :at is commonly kn[n z ,go?ic ar*itecture1 "u :i* "n1 = ! want ( a m famili> t]m1 x %all be ref]r$ to h]e91 is q ap>t f ! purport ( ?is volume1 &1 z su*1 x 7 be/ ignor$4 ,! /atem5t1 h[ev]1 may be made t x w\ld seem cle>ly to be ! developm5t ( a nor!rn influ5ce :i* fir/ took %ape aft] a def9ite =m 9 a region safely compreh5d$ z ly+ )9 ! conf9es ( nor!a/]n ,france1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 & ! nor!rn ,rh9e ,prov9ces4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 on ?is debatable subject & d\btless w cont9ue to be1 ei!r z an arr[ %ot into ! air by "s w>y p$ant1 or an equally unconv9c+ /atem5t1 )\t pro(1 ( "s m]e foll[] 9 ! foot/eps ( an illu/ri\s1 b beh9d ! times1 exp]t4 ,x matt]s n1 z a m]e detail1 :e!r x 0 br\ght f ! ,ea/ 9 imp]fect =m by ! ,crusad]s1 & only receiv$ its developm5t at ! h&s ( "s +5i\s nor!rn]1 or n4 ,its developm5t 0 c]ta9ly rapid & sure 9 ! great gr\p :i* we "k to-day 9 nor!rn ,france1 &1 if pro( 7 want$1 ! exi/+ records 9 /one ought to be suffici5tly conv9c+ to po9t out ! fact t "h ,m$ival ,go?ic ar*itecture receiv$ its fir/ & mo/ p]fect developm5t4 ,! ,primaire3 ! developm5t ( ! /yle f9d+ its be/ example at ,p>is4 ,! ,secondaire3 ! ,p]fectionnem5t at ,reims1 & its ,apogee at ,ami5s4 ,! ,t]tiaire3 practically ! beg9n+ ( ! decad5ce1 9 ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\51 only a %ade remov$ f ! debasem5t :i* soon foll[$4 ,z to ! m]its or dem]its ( ! contempor>y /ructures ( o!r nations1 t also w\ld be obvi\sly ( comp>ative unimportance h]e9 except s f> z a comp>ison might once & aga9 be made to acc5tuate values4 ,! e>lie/ art triumphs ( ! ,fr5* may well be said to h be5 9 ! developm5t & p]fectionnem5t ( ,m$ival 7,go?ic7 ar*itecture4 ,its build]s plann$ amply1 wisely1 & well1 & 9 spite ( ! int]ruptions ( w>s1 ( invasions1 & ( revolutions1 !re is n[h]e to be f\nd ^u ! e>?'s surface s _m *>act]i/ic attributes ( ,m$ival ,go?ic ar*itecture z is to be obs]v$ 9 ?is l&1 ext5d+ f ! ,romanesque types ( ,frjus1 ,prigueux & ,ang\lme to t classical deg5]ation commonly call$ ! ,r5aissance1 a m (f5sive example ( :i* c\ld h>dly be f\nd ?an 9 ! conglom]ate /ructure ( ,/4 ,eti5ne du ,mont at ,p>is1 or ! m mod]n &1 if possible1 ev5 m ugly ,ca!dral ,*ur*es at ,arras1 ,cambrai1 or ,r5nes 9 ! nor?4 ,!re may be attractive ,italian types 9 exi/5ce out ( ,italy2 b ! fact is t1 unless !y are und\bt$ copies ( a ?or\ghly consi/5t /yle to ! v end1 !y impress "o z be+ out ( place 9 a l& :]e ! heights ( its own native /yle are s exalt$4 ,go?ic1 reg>dless ( ! fact z to :e!r x be ! sev]e & unornam5tal v>ieties ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries or ! exagg]ations ( ! mo/ ornately flamboyant /yle1 appe>s n only to please ! casual & av]age obs]v]1 b ! ?or\gh /ud5t ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture z well4 ,x has come to be ! accept$ =m ?r\gh\t ! _w ( :at is be/ repres5tative ( ! ?\ght & purpose = :i* a great *ur* %\ld /&4 ,) ! ,r5aissance we h n a little to d1 :5 consid]+ ! ca!drals ( ,france4 ,seldom1 if ev]1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury did ! build] or ev5 ! re/or] add aught b ,italian accessories :]e any consid]able "w 0 to be accompli%$4 ,:y1 or h[1 ! ,r5aissance ev] came into be+ x is q impossible = any "o to say1 sans d\bt1 z is ! fir/ rudim5t>y inv5tion ( ,go?ic itself4 ,p]haps x 0 b ! outcome ( a desire = some?+ diff]5t1 if n new2 b 9 ! process ! ta/e ( ! p fell to a l[ degree4 ,ar*itecture may be said to h be5 all b divorc$ f life1 &1 :ile ! fabric is a dead ?+ ( itself1 x is a v liv+ & human expression ( ! t5d5cies ( an era4 ,! ,r5aissance s\ght to revive pa9t+ & sculpture & to incorporate !m into ar*itectural =ms4 ,:e!r aft] a satisfactory mann] or n appe>s to h be5 no conc]n ) ! reviv]s ( a /yle :i* 0 entirely unsuit$ 9 its orig9al =m to a nor!rn latitude4 ,t :i* answ]$ = ! ne$s & desires ( a s\!rn race c\ld n be boldly transplant$ into ano!r environm5t & live )\t und]go+ an evolution :i* takes "t1 a fact n disprov5 by lat] ev5ts4 ,! ,italians !mselves 7 ! und\bt$ cause ( ! debasem5t ( ! classical /yle1 evid5ces hav+ crept into t c\ntry ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s be=e ! lea/ ve/iges 7 kn[n 9 ei!r ,france or ,g]many1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 or ,engl&1 & :i*1 ?\gh traceable1 _h left b slight impress 9 ,spa94 ,x is d\btless n f> wrong to attribute its introduction into ,france z ! outcome ( ! w&]+s 9 ,italy ( ,*>les ,,viii41 9 ! latt] ye>s ( ! ,,xv4 c5tury4 ,z a result ( ?is x is popul>ly suppos$ t x 0 introduc$ into ! dome/ic ar*itecture ( ! nobles :o _h accompani$ ! k+4 ,"h x f\nd p]haps its mo/ satisfy+ expression2 9 ^? magnific5t *teaux ( ! ,loire1 & ! neighb\rhood ( ,t\rs & ,blois1 ev] a subject = s5tim5tal praise4 ,"o w\ld n seek to pass condemnation ^u ! application ( reviv$ classic features :]e !y 7 b ! expression ( an individual ta/e1 z 9 a *ateau ^: own] s *ose to build & embelli% x4 ,c]ta9ly no m spl5did edifices ( _! k9d are kn[n ?an ! magnific5t e/abli%m5ts at ,blois1 ,*5onceau1 ,*ambord1 or ,*aumont4 ,! /yle appe>s1 h[ev]1 out ( place2 an admixture mean+less 9 itself & 9 its application :51 ) a ,go?ic f\ndation bequea!d !m1 build]s s\ght to incorporate into a ca!dral su* palpable inconsi/5cies z 0 frequ5tly done4 ,! build+ ( ! *teaux 0 p]haps ! fir/ anti-,go?ic /ep 9 ,france & prov$ to be an influ5ce :i* spread n sl[ly1 z to decorative detail at lea/1 & soon ( itself e/abli%$ a decid$ non-,go?ic type4 ,x 0 b natural t ! ca!dral build]s %\ld h foll[$ to "s ext5t ?is new influ5ce4 ,! ,*ur* 0 ev] seek+ to /r5g!n its popul>ity1 ! bi%ops ensconc$ !mselves 9 _! ca!dral cities z snugly z did a feudal "l 9 8 ca/le1 & _! emulation ( weal? outside ( ! ,*ur* 0 b an ef=t to keep _! /atus on a plane ) t ( ! o!r p[] :i* also dem&$ allegiance ( ! p4 ,x is to be regrett$ t !y did n pass ?is manife/ation by1 or at lea/ n encumb]$ an o!rwise consi/5t ,go?ic fabric ) sup]impos$ mean+less detail4 ,su* decorative embelli%m5ts z are repres5t$ by ! tomb ( ,l\is ,,xii4 at ,/4 ,d5is1 & ! tombs ( ! c>d9als at ,r\51 may be consid]$ *>act]i/ic1 ?\gh !y be> e>li] dates by "s tw5ty ye>s ?an ! s\? portal ( ,beauvais1 :i* is ?or\ghly ! be/ ( ,go?ic1 or ,/4 ,macl\ at ,r\51 :i*1 ?\gh highly florid1 is )\t a trace ( anti-,go?ic4 ,! extreme 7?\gh n a ca!dral *ur*7 may be se5 at ,/4 ,eti5ne du ,mont1 :]e9 ! ef=t is made to incorporate l>ge masses ( pseudo-classical decoration ) ,go?ic1 &1 alas1 ) sad effect4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 ! ,go?ic ca!drals ( ,france1 z su*1 :ile closely relat$ to ea* o!r 9 _! design & arrangem5ts1 h little to d ) ^? :i* lie )\t ! conf9es ( ! c\ntry1 ei!r 9 g5]al features or 9 detail4 ,! type is di/9ctively "o :i* /&s by its own p]fections4 ,9 size1 :ile 9 _m in/ances n hav+ ! l5g? ( nave ( sev]al 9 ,engl&1 !y h ne>ly always an equal1 if n a great]1 wid? & an almo/ inv>iably great] height1 ?\gh n equal 9 sup]ficial area to ,/4 ,pet]'s 9 ,italy1 ! ,dom at ,cologne1 or ev5 ! ca!dral at ,seville 9 ,spa94 ,su* ,romanesque types z are to be se5 to ! nor?w>d ( ! ,loire are mo/ly f\nd 9 ! small] *ur*es ( ,brittany1 :ile ! e>ly transition type1 s famili> ?r\gh\t ! ,ne!rl&s1 is1 9 ,france1 usually se5 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! fronti]s ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,les ,gr&es ,ca?drales ( ! nor? are di/9ctly ^? ( ,p>is1 ,ami5s1 ,reims1 ,r\51 ,beauvais1 & ,*>tres2 & x is to !m t ref]5ce mu/ cont9ually be made2 :ile ! sev]ely pla9 transitory types ( ,noyon or ,soissons1 or ! m effective developm5t ( ,laon1 & ! flamboyant /ructures ( ,troyes & ,nantes1 at lea/ lean t[>d ! decad5ce4 ,! difficulty ( assign+ ranks to ^! monum5tal ca!drals is made ! great] by reason ( ! fact t to-day x is ) b "o p t we h to reckon1 s f> z _! temp]am5t & environm5t is conc]n$4 ,s9ce feudal times ! movem5t has ev] be5 t[>d "o nation1 "o p1 & "o view1 diff]5t f t pres5t$ 9 ! middle ages4 ,= c5turies aft] ! break ( ,roman p[] x _h be5 mo/ly "o local influ5ce aga9/ ano!r :i* prev5t$ p]fect cohesion to any national _s1 & ?us x 0 t ! t5d5cies ( ! ca!dral build]s1 ?\gh ,roman z to _! tea*+ & religion1 & d\btless1 9 _m in/ances1 ) reg>d to _! bir? z well1 foll[$ no special /yle until ! era ( ,go?ic developm5t4 ,unconsci\sly1 transitory types crept 91 until sudd5ly ?r\gh\t nor!rn ,europe !re bloom$ =? )9 less ?an a c5tury ( "t ! s-call$ ,go?ic 9 all its spl5d\r1 & ) sc>ce a c5tury betwe5 ! comm5cem5t & ! completion ( "s ( ! mo/ notable ( ! gr\p4 ,! ,romanesque types :i* /ill l+]$ 9 ,brittany1 ?\gh well wor?y ( special consid]ation to-day1 are unimportant & 9 a way insignificant :5 comp>$ ) ! gr& gr\p4 ,to mo/ ( u x w be impossible to conjure up any m significant ?\ght ) reg>d to m$ival *ur* ar*itecture ?an t fo/]$ by ! memories ( acqua9tance%ip ) ^! examples ( nor? ,france2 an op9ion :i* is fur!r /r5g!n$ :5 x is also recall$ t !y are repres5tative ( ! fir/ really national arti/ic expression4 ,= ?is reason alone1 if = no o!r1 ! ha/y critics :o h s h&ily claim$ prec$5ce else:]e1 might pr(itably review ! facts ( ! circum/ance :i* l$ to s univ]sal an adoption ( ! full-bl[n /yle 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,! ,romanesque peoples 7 conf9$ s\?w>ds ( mid-,france at ! "t ( ! )drawal ( ! ,roman legions1 :ile1 9 ! nor?1 ! conqu]+ ,franks s\ght to wipe out e ve/ige ( _! pa/ influ5ce2 h5ce x may be consid]$ t ! new mann] ( build+ _h ev]y?+ 9 fav\r ( its spe$y gr[?4 ,x 0 ?us def9itely assur$ ( a w>m welcome1 &1 foll[+ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,clovis himself1 ! rul]s 7 m ?an will+ to aid :at !y believ$ might be a /r5g!n+ influ5ce1 politically1 z well z morally4 ,! /yle may be ju/ly said to be a natural & gr[?ful expression ( a race1 & m significant ?an all else is ! fact t n[h]e1 n ev5 on ! ,rh9e1 :i* ) nor!rn ,france claims ! orig9 ( ! /yle1 is to be f\nd any s+le example equall+ 9 any l measure ! p]fections ( ,les ,gr&es ,ca?drales ,franaises1 ?\gh x be recall$ t 9 _m in/ances ! ,g]man build+s 7 plann$ & (t5 erect$ by ,fr5* ar*itects & artisans4 ,among ! two ?\s& or m ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques pat]nally c>$ = by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t & "u ! direct control ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,public ,in/ruction & ! ,beaux ,arts1 none are ( ! relative importance1 hi/orically or arti/ically1 ( ! ,gr& ,ca!drals4 ,c]ta9 objects1 class$ z megali?ic & antique rema9s1 may be ! connect+ l9ks betwe5 ! pa/ & ! pres5t by :i* ! antiqu>ian weaves ! ?reads ( 8 hi/orical lore2 b nei!r ^! nor ! reliques :i* h be5 dug f ! gr\nd or untomb$ f lat] con/ructive elem5ts1 all ( :i* are g5]\sly includ$ 9 ! g5]al s*eme by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,beaux ,arts1 :i* has provid$ a fund = _! pres]vation & c>e1 h "o ti! ( ! appeal+ int]e/ :i* ^! great *ur*es bespeak on behalf ( ! contempor>y life ( ! times 9 :i* !y 7 built1 reflect+ z !y d _m correlat$ ev5ts1 & =m+1 9 ! int]weav+ ( ! hi/ory ( _! inception & con/ruction1 an epitome ( well-nigh all ! contempor>y ev5ts ( _! environm5t1 z well z ! great] p>ts :i* !y may h play$ 9 g5]al affairs ( /ate4 ,! be/ example ( a "p s play$ is t ( ! ca!dral at ,reims1 :i* saw ! cr[n+ )9 its walls ( ne>ly e mon>* ( ,france f ! "t ( ,philippe ,augu/us 7#aagc7 to t ( ,*>les ,x4 7#ahbc74 ,! mon>*s ( ,france1 a long & picturesque l9e1 h ev] s\ght to ally ! ,*ur* on _! side1 & "r well !y h be5 s]v$1 n ignor+1 ( c\rse1 c]ta9 notable lapses4 ,9 ! ma91 h[ev]1 ! rul]s & ! p alike1 :atev] may h be5 ! p]iodical diss5sions1 comb9$ ! =ces :i* made possible ! projection & erection ( ^! noble examples ( an art :i*1 9 ! ,go?ic =ms at lea/1 "h came to its greate/ & mo/ int]e/+ phase4 ,invasion1 revolution1 & ! /ress ( wea!r & "t1 all play$ _! "p 9 ! g5]al desecrations :i* soon] or lat] foll[$2 f> ! mo/ s]i\s ( ^! visible damages reflect$ ^u u to-day be+ ! malpractices occurr+ at ! ,revolution1 :e!r at ! h&s ( a sans culotte or ( ! mo/ respectable ( b\rgeois1 l$ away by ! excitem5t ( revolt4 ,! depr$ations 7 irrep>able2 !y raz$1 burn$1 or ru?lessly %att]$ %r9es1 /atues1 or ev5 reliqu>ies1 z at ,reims1 :]e ! ,sa9t$ ,ampulla1 :i* conta9$ ! miracul\s oil br\ght by a dove f heav51 n[ pres]v$ 9 recon/ruct$ fragm5ts 9 ! sacri/y1 0 da%$ to pieces 9 a fury ( uncontrollable wra?4 ,! paucity ( sculptur$ decoration 9 c]ta9 places only too pla9ly design$ = x is1 too1 frequ5tly pa9fully app>5t4 ,su* sculptur$ decoration & glass z 7 easily to h& met ) p]haps ! mo/ ready spoliation1 :ile "h & !re1 f "s miracul\s reason1 a gem 0 left entire1 ?\gh likely en\gh 9 a bruis$ & %att]$ sett+4 ,?is is :at befell mo/ ( ! great *ur*es1 &1 = ?is reason1 any "w treat+ ( ^! ar*itectural glories ( ,france mu/ make due all[ance 9 haz>d+ op9ions z to ! m]it or lack ( m]it ( any p>ticul> example z x n[ exi/s1 z comp>$ ) :at x may h be5 z x once 01 or _h x be5 complet$ 9 accordance ) ! orig9al design4 ,9 local & ca!dral ar*ives mu* valuable & int]e/+ in=mation exi/s1 treat+ 9 ?is v mann] su* embelli%m5ts z may to-day be lack+2 b un=tunately su* facts are (t5 buri$ 9 a mass ( o!r irrelevant mat]ial :i* w\ld make its discov]y unusually difficult to any b a v le>n$ local antiqu>ian4 ,9 ?is same connection1 also1 !re is a de>? ( illu/rative mat]ial :i* c be dep5d$ ^u z to m9uti or accuracy ( detail4 ,h5ce x is possible to deal only ) su* g5]al facts z may be support$ by ! be/ contempor>y in=mation bas$ ^u ! rese>*es ( o!rs4 ,x may be well to note "h1 h[ev]1 a fact :i* is (t5 ov]look$1 namely1 t ! writt5 records ( ,france are n only v complete & exhau/ive1 b1 ) respect to ,p>is itself1 to cite an example1 ! docum5t>y hi/ory1 consecutive & exact1 f ! "t ( ! decl9e ( ,roman p[] is pres]v$ intact1--a record :i* is p]haps n s true ( any o!r l>ge city 9 ,europe4 ,9 deal+ ) ! ca!drals ( ! nor?1 t]ritorially1 we h to consid] ^? examples :i* are g5]ally accept$ z be+ all t a ca!dral *ur* %\ld be4 ,( ! fir/ rank are ^? ga!r$ n f> f ! conf9es ( ! m$ival ,isle ( ,france4 ,!y too1 are be/ repres5tative ( ! true ,go?ic _s1 :ile ! s\!rnmo/ examples1 ^? ( ,dijon & ,besanon1 are ( manife/ ,romanesque or ,byzant9e conception4 ,ea*1 too1 is some:at rem9isc5t ( ! e>ly ,g]man mann] ( build+1 ! latt] 9 respect to ! d\ble apse1 :i* is (t5 f\nd across ! ,rh9e1 b seldom se5 9 ,france4 ,! mo/ nor!rly ( all is at ,/4 ,om]1 :]e are ! some:at batt]$ rema9s ( a satisfactory ,go?ic ca!dral1 al?\gh ,ami5s1 n f> to ! s\?1 is p]haps ! ideal ca!dral :5 consid]$ f a g5]al po9t m]ely4 ,= ! we/]n repres5tative1 a l9e runn+ due we/ f ,p>is almo/ into ! ,atlantic f9ds at ,quimp]1 a small port fifte5 miles f ! sea1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,cor5t91 :i*1 ?\gh n z l(ty1 is m ( ! mann] ( build+ ( ! ,isle ( ,france ?an "o might suppose w\ld be ! case "h 9 ?is outpo/ ( ,brittany1 :]e are f\nd s _m evid5ces ( ,romanesque influ5ces1 reta9$ long aft] !y _h be5 giv5 ov] else:]e4 ,su*1 !n1 are ! extremes ( latitude & ( ar*itectural /yle :i* comb9e to give v>iety to ! int]e/ :i* is always ar\s$ by ! contemplation ( ! ma/]works ( any ( ! arts1 :]e outside & contigu\s influ5ces h some?+ 9 common !re)4 ,z a type to admire1 !re is no d\bt b t ! ca!dral t possesses an apsidal t]m9ation ( ! ea/]ly or *oir end1 z is ne>ly ! univ]sal cu/om 9 ,france1 has *>ms & beauties :i* may be lat5t1 b :i* are simply w9n+1 :5 x comes to pictur+ ! same /ructure ) ! squ>$-(f ends s common 9 ,engl&4 ,x 0 ,/ev5son1 0 x n1 :o wrote ( ! satisfaction ) :i* "o always looks ^u ! ea/ end ( a ,fr5* ca!dral1 flang+ out z x (t5 does 9 sweep+ t]races1 & settl+ d[n broadly ^u ! e>? z ?\gh x 7 meant to /ay4 ,c]ta9ly no?+ ( ! sort is to be m admir$ ?an ! r>e view ( ! *oir buttresses ( ,notre ,dame at ,p>is1 lik5$ unto kneel+ angels ) half-spread w+s2 ! delicate & symmetrical *oir buttresses ( ,ami5s2 ! %e] fall ( ,beauvais2 or ! triply effective t]m9ation ( ! "o-"t ca!dral ( ,noyon1 :i* falls away 9 ?ree gracefully g5tle slopes to ! gr\nd4 ,aga9 ,/ev5son's p[] z a descriptive writ] l+]s 9 our memory4 ,he says1 ( no ca!dral 9 p>ticul>1 :]e else is to be f\nd s _m elegant proportions gr[+ "o out ( ! o!r1 & all toge!r 9 "o8444 ,?\gh ,i h he>d a consid]able v>iety ( s]mons1 ,i h nev] yet he>d "o t 0 s expressive z a ca!dral4 ',tis ! be/ prea*] itself1 prea*es day & night1 n only tell+ y ( man's art & aspirations 9 ! pa/1 b convict+ y\r own s\l ( ard5t sympa?ies2 or r1 l all good prea*]s1 x sets y prea*+ to y\rself1--& e man is 8 own doctor ( div9ity 9 ! la/ resort4 ,to be/ e/imate ! *>ms & values ( ^! ar*itectural monum5ts "o %\ld consid]2 fir/1 ! hi/ory & topography ( _! environm5t1--i4 e4 z to :y & :5 !y may h be5 plann$ & built2 secondly1 _! p]sonality1 z x 71--:o 7 _! f\nd]s1 _! patrons1 _! bi%ops2 ?irdly1 ! functions 9 :i* !y may h p>tak51 any significant ev5ts :i* may h pass$ )9 _! walls or c5tr$ )9 _! sees2 & f\r?ly1 ! arti/ic beauties ( _! fabric & its embelli%m5ts4 ,9 mo/ cases all ( ^! values are s int]wov5 & indissolubly l9k$ ) ! gr[? ( ! /ructure itself f its v e>lie/ f\ndations t x is h>dly possible to detail ?is in=mation 9 true *ronological ord]4 ,! picturesque & romantic elem5ts1 ( :i* !re is n a little2 ! sordid & baneful1 ( :i* we may wi% !re 7 less2 & ! spl5did c]emonials ( ,*ur* & ,/ate2 all g to make up a *ronicle :i* no acc\nt1 ( ev5 a special nature1 c\ld af=d to neglect4 ,! picturesque elem5ts ( ! conv]sion & baptism ( ,clovis by ,/4 ,remi at ,reims 9 #dif1 :]e1 on ! site ( ! pres5t ca!dral1 he 0 adjur$ to rev]e t :i* ?\ did/ burn & burn t :i* ?\ did/ rev]e1 & ! cr[n+ on ! same spot ( ,*>les ,,vii4 9 #adbi ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ! ,maid1 well repres5t ^! phases4 ,! meanness & ! unju/ness ( h] lat] trial & condemnation 9 ! ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\5 is ano!r4 ,! affairs ( /ate consi/ *iefly ( ! coronation c]emonies :i* mo/ly took place at ,reims1 & pres5t a spl5did record4 ,( ! mon>*s f #aagc onw>ds :o 7 n "h cr[n$1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 0 cr[n$ at ,*>tres2 ,napoleon ,i41 at ,p>is2 ,l\is ,philippe1 ,l\is ,,xviii41 & ,napoleon ,,iii4 7 n cr[n$ at all4 ,?r\gh\t ?is cont9uity ( /ate ev5ts ^! great *ur*es 7 p]=m+ _! natural functions ( ! dissem9ation ( ! ,^w4 ,jeal\sies & bick]+s took place1 to be sure1 b 9 ! ma9 !re 0 h>mony1 if rivalry did exi/2 else x 7 n possible t s _m ( ^! spl5did monum5ts w\ld h endur$ to rem9d u ( _! pa/ z well z pres5t exi/5ce4 ,c]ta9 ( ! sees 7 m]g$ into great] ones1 & o!rs 7 ab&on$ altoge!r4 ,9 ?is connection !re is a curi\s circum/ance ) reg>d to ! "o-"t ,bi%op ( ,be?lem1 :o1 driv5 f ! ,holy ,l&1 0 giv5 a see at ,clamecy1 :i* see compreh5d$ only ! village 9 :i* he resid$4 ,:at rema9s ( ! =m] ca!dral is n[ an adjunct to a hotel4 ,! re>rangem5t ( political divisions ( ,france aft] ! ,revolution 0 ! fur!r excuse = e/abli%+ b "o diocese to a dep>tm5t1 until to-day !re are b eighty-f\r sees1 adm9i/]$ by sixty-sev5 bi%ops & sev5te5 ar*bi%ops4 ,! it9]>y ( ! conv5tional t\r ( ! ,cont95t usually keeps well to ! beat5 track1 & s does ! conv5tional travell]4 ,he does n always get ov] to ,reims1 & (t5 does n /op en r\te at ,ami5s2 seldom visits ,beauvais1 &1 unless he specially sets out to t\r ,brittany1 a popul> en\gh amusem5t ( ! lean ( purse 9 ^! days1 kn[s little ( ! unique *>ms ( ,trgui]1 ,quimp]1 or ev5 ( ,le ,mans1 ) its sublime *oir1 or ( ,evreux4 ,z = ev5 a nodd+ acqua9tance ) ,noyon or ,soissons1 two ( ! mo/ conv9c+ly beautiful & impressive transitory types1 !y might z well be 9 ! wilds ( ,kam*atka1 ?\gh !y are bo? situat$ 9 a region well travell$ on all sides2 :ile ,laon1 n f> di/ant1 is h>dly kn[n at all1 except z a way /ation en r\te to ,switz]l&4 ,! ca!drals ( mid-,france are1 x is to be fe>$1 ev5 less kn[n ?an w\ld on fir/ ?\ghts seem probable4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( s5tim5tality atta*es itself to ! *teaux ( ! ,loire1 & "s acqua9tance ) _! und5iable pleas+ attributes is ! portion ( mo/ travell]s2 b1 aga91 su* ca!dral cities z ,besanon1 ,nantes1 & ,langres are (f ! well-worn road1 & _! ca!drals might be my?s s f> z a g5]al acqua9tance ) !m is conc]n$2 :ile ! spl5did *ur*es ( ,b\rges1 ,nev]s1 & ,autun are likewise practically unkn[n to ! casual travell]4 ,t\rs1 ,orleans1 & ,*>tres alone appe> to be ! only recogniz$ repres5tatives ( ?is section ( ,france :i* h hi!rto attract$ due att5tion4 ,) ! s\?l& ?is volume does n deal2 t is a subject to be consid]$ q by itself1--& significantly1 m real int]e/ has be5 %[n ) respect to ! ar*itectural monum5ts ( ,avignon1 ,arles1 ,nmes1 ,le ,puy1 ,prigueux1 ,c>cassonne1 & ,poiti]s ?an to ^? ( ! ,midi4 ,is x t ! days ( *eap travel & specially conduct$ t\rs1 :5 t5 or fifte5 gu9eas w take "o to ! ,swiss or ,italian lakes1 or e'en to ,rome & ,flor5ce1 has caus$ ?is app>5t neglect ( ! c\ntry ly+ betwe58 ,c]ta9ly our =efa!rs travell$ m wisely1 b !n prices & means ( locomotion 7 on q a diff]5t scale 9 ^? days1 & n infrequ5tly !y 7 oblig$ to conf9e _! travels & obs]vations to m re/rict$ areas4 ,p]haps ! mo/ lucid arrangem5t ( ar*itectural species is t giv5 by ,de ,caumont's ,abcdaire d',ar*itecture1 :i* divides ! c\ntry e?nologically into ,brittany2 ,norm&y2 ,fl&]s1 includ+ ,artois & ,pic>dy2 ,c5tral ,france 7! ,isle ( ,france1 ,*ampagne1 ,orleanois1 ,ma91 ,anj\1 ,t\ra9e1 & ,b]ri72 & ,burgundy1 compreh5d+ ! =m] divisions ( ,fran*e ,comt1 ,lorra9e1 ,alsace 7n[ ,bel=t71 ,niv]nois1 ,b\rbonnois1 & ,lyonnois4 ,( ! above divisions1 only t ( ! ,isle ( ,france ) ,la ,brie 0 orig9ally held by ! ,cr[n4 ,! political divisions ?r\gh\t ,france n[ numb] eighty-sev5 dep>tm5ts1 tak+ _! names f ! pr9cipal topographical features1 & replac+ 9 #agij ! ?irty-two m$ival prov9ces1 ea* ( :i* _h _! own *>act]i/ics ( social & political life1 & ( :i* ea* 9 turn progress$1 /agnat$1 or fell backw>d accord+ to local or p]iodical conditions4 ,bo? ! arts ( peace & ( w> h left an in]adicable impress4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! v>i\s prov9ces became weld$ toge!r into "o p]fect :ole "u ,philippe ,augu/us & ! sa9t$ ,l\is1 b reta9$ to no small ext5t1 ev5 z !y d unto to-day1 _! di/9ctive local *>act]i/ics4 ,because ( its ca!drals alone1 ! ,isle ( ,france /&s prem95t among ! prov9ces = ea* ( ! ?irte5 prov9cial /yles ( ar*itecture :i* are allocat$ by ! ,socit des ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques4 ,a comp>atively small & unifi$ prov9ce1 x compreh5ds )9 & contigu\s to its bord]s m ( ! attributes & pr9ciples ( a consi/5t ,m$ival ar*itectural /yle ?an is else:]e to be obs]v$4 ,f ,r\5 on ! we/ to ,reims on ! ea/1 nor?w>d to ,ami5s & s\?we/]ly to ,*>tres1 are gr\p$ ! %[ pieces ( ! _w's ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,n alone ) ! respect to ! ,gr& ,ca!drals is ?is region s ri*ly end[$1 b also because ( ! small] & less important1 b no less attractive or int]e/+ examples ( ,noyon1 ,s5lis1 ,laon1 ,soissons1 ) _! "o-"t ca!dral *ur*es & o!r v>i$ ecclesia/ical & secul> edifices4 ,beauvais1 ,gisors1 ,g\rney1 ,cires-les-,mello1 ,creil1 ,royamont1 ,nog5t-les-,vi]ges1 ,vill]s-,/4-,pol1 inde$ ne>ly e village & t[n )9 ! royal doma91 pres5t values & comp>isons :i* place ne>ly all ( its contempor>y /ructures1 be !y l>ge or small1 at a gr& height above ^? ( o!r less prolific sections4 ,le/ x be ?\ght t ?is /atem5t is drawn l>gely1 & t f95ess & balance ( e/imate are lack+1 x suffices to /ate t x is n alone f /udy & rese>*1 b f frequ5t p]sonal intimacies t ! region has ev] prov$ an inexhau/ible /ore ( ar*itectural values1 & "o :i* mo/ well-kn[n au?orities1 ) "o accord1 place 9 ! v fir/ rank4 ,ar?ur ,"y1 ?an :om no m p]spicu\s obs]v] has ev] *ronicl$ 8 impressions1 wrote 7#agjd7 t to see ! be/ ( ,france1 ! "p mo/ v>i$ 9 topography1 & res\rceful & attractive 9 its monum5ts1 "o %\ld l& at ,havre & foll[ ! s9uosity ( ! ,se9e to ,p>is1 !nce ! highroad to ,m\l9s & on to ! ,rhne at ,val5ce1 an outl9e :i* some:at approa*es ! limitations ( t]ritory ( :i* ?is book treats4 ,to be sure1 he wrote ( economic & agricultural conditions1 & he mo/ly made 8 p]t95t obs]vations on l& hold+s1 /ock keep+1 & h$g][s1 or r t lack ( !m :i* is s app>5t ?r\gh\t ,france2 b ^! details ( !mselves only sugge/ m complete evid5ces ( ! exi/+ =ces :i* indicate ! gr[? ( ! weal? & p[] :i* has made ?is region s ri* 9 its ar*itectural memorials ( ! pa/1 & :i* ought to m ?an comp5sate = any lack ( sc5ic gr&eur4 ,x is to be regrett$1 ( c\rse1 t none ( ^! l>g] ca!drals are to be se5 to-day 9 _! completely p]fect$ =ms4 ,to :at ext5t w\ld n ! glories ( ,reims1 ( ,ami5s1 ( ,beauvais1 or ( ,r\51 be enhanc$1 7 x possible = u to ev5 imag9e _! spl5d\r1 7 !y possess$ ( ! symmetry & well-fav\r$ situation ( ! ,dom at ,cologne8 ,& s x is t we c b feel regret :5 we m5tally note ! lack ( nave at ,beauvais1 ( spires at ,b\rges1 &1 yet aga91 regret ev5 ) m pa9 ! mon/r\sness ( ! ca/-iron fl*e :i* has be5 add$ to ! c5tral t[] at ,r\54 ,b ^! are aft] all m9or imp]fections--seldom1 if ev]1 9 aught b pleasurable anticipation1 d we see 9 ! ma/]pieces ( art or nature a p]fect unity2 s :y seek to negative _! virtues by futile criticism8 ,x w\ld seem to be all-suffici5t t su* details1 s9s ( omission or commission1 %\ld be not$ m]ely1 t we may pass on to o!r *>ms :i* mu/ compel our allegiance4 ,:5 we visit ! ca!drals ( ! ,isle ( ,france1 we are at once 9 ! mid/ ( ! be/ examples ( ,fr5* ,go?ic ar*itecture1 or ( ,fr5* ,m$ival ar*itecture1 if ! phrase is to be pref]r$4 ,,"p ,i ,transition ,examples ,i ,,introductory ,soissons1 ) ,noyon & ,laon1 all )9 p]haps ?irty miles ( "o ano!r1 may be said to be/ repres5t ! nurtur+ & developm5t ( ! e>ly ,go?ic ( ,france4 ,^! simple & some:at pla9 types exemplify ! /yle :i* 0 9 vogue at ! same "t 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,x is good ,go?ic1 to be sure1--at lea/1 good z to its plann+1--b )\t t ornat5ess or lightness kn[n to-day z *>act]i/ic ( ! di/9ctive ,fr5* type1 :i* s e>ly develop$ boldly & beautifully4 ,"o obs]ves ! resemblances 9 /yle betwe5 ! notable ca!dral at ,t\rnai1 9 ,belgium1 ! neighb\r+ types ( ,fr5* ,fl&]s1 & ! ca!drals ( ?is tr9ity ( ,fr5* t[ns ly+ contigu\s !reto1 ,noyon itself be+ = long int]dep5d5t ) ! see ( ,t\rnai4 ,nev]!less1 x is a beautiful type :i* 0 cradl$ "h 9 ! c\ntry call$1 by ,cs>1 ,suessiones2 & difficult x w\ld be to attempt to assign prem95ce to any "o edifice4 ,noyon1 )\t a d\bt1 has ! greate/ *>m ( environm5t1 & is ( itself 9 e way a pleas+ & satisfy+ example ( :at %\ld mo/ truly inspire & impress u 9 a ca!dral4 ,/ev5son describes x z be+ ! happie/ inspiration ( mank9d1 a ?+ z speci\s z a /atue at ! fir/ glance1 yet1 on exam9ation1 z lively & int]e/+ z a =e/ 9 detail4 ,! height ( its spires _c be tak5 by trigonometry3 !y measure absurdly %ort1 b h[ tall !y are to ! admir+ eye4444 ,i sat outside ( my hotel & ! sweet groan+ ?und] ( ! organ float$ out ( ! *ur* l a summons2--& mu* m ( ! same sort1 all ( :i* tells u t1 once we f9d ourselves on a plane ( intimacy ) a great *ur*1 we cont9ually receive new impressions & inspirations1 & x is 9 ?is ve9 t "o :o has kn[n ?is gr\p ( simple b fasc9at+ *ur*es on _! own gr\nd1 s to put x1 c b seek to convey ! idea t x is good t we h su* contra/+ types z a relief & an antidote to an appetite :i* o!rwise might become sat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ( ,,notre ,,dame ,,laon ,,ii ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,laon ,= ov] twelve hundr$ ye>s1 until ! see 0 aboli%$ at ! ,revolution1 ,laon 0 ! seat ( a bi%op :o 9 po9t ( rank 0 second only to ! primate at ,reims4 ,cr[n+ ! apex ( a long isolat$ hill1 ^u :i* ! entire t[n1 n[ a =tress ( ! ?ird class1 is situat$1 ! ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame de ,laon1 /ill s call$ locally1 has endur$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & may be consid]$ a ?or\ghly repres5tative transition example4 ,! pres5t /ructure is on ! site ( "o burn$ 9 #aaab1 & dur+ comp>atively rec5t ye>s has be5 entirely re/or$4 ,its cr[n+ glory is 9 ! disposition & numb] ( its f9e gr\p ( t[]s3 two flank ! we/]n faade1 & are rectangul> at ! base1 dw9dl+ to a small] polygon1 :i* is flank$ ) corn] belfries & pi]c$ by a tall lancet 9 ! c5tral /ructure1 %[+ a wond]ful lightness & op5 effect4 ,a curi\s & unique feature ( ^! t[]s is ! addition ( f\r ox5 9 c>v5 /one p]*$ high al(t 9 ! belfries4 ,^! sculptur$ animals may be m]ely ano!r expression ( symbols ( sup]/ition1 & if s are f> m pleas+ ?an "s ( ! hide\s & mon/r\s g>goyles (ttimes se54 ,two o!r t[]s1 ea* #aij feet 9 height1 adjo9 ! transepts1 to ea* ( :i* is atta*$ a d\ble-/ori$1 apsidal1 anci5t *apel4 ,two simil>ly project$ t[]s are lack+4 ,! lant]n is squ>e1 ) a %all[1 conical1 mod]n ro(4 ,9 ! transition type ,romanesque influ5ces 7 evid5tly dy+ h>d4 ,! ,go?ic 0 seldom full bl[n1 & at ,laon %[s b ! m]e/ trace ( po9t$ness to ! ar*es ( ! we/]n faade1 ei!r 9 ! portals or 9 ! high] op5+s4 ,! lack ( a circul> t]m9ation to ! *oir is b ano!r indication ( a l9k ) a transitory pa/2 an und5iably false note & "o v unusual 9 ,france1 ! *oir be+ ( ! squ>$-(f v>iety s common 9 ,engl&4 ,?is may be co9cid5t ) ! ,engli% cu/om ( ! "t1 or x may be directly due to a local ,engli% influ5ce2--mo/ probably ! latt]1 inasmu* z an ,engli% prelate held ! see = a "t1 & ! city1 9 ! e>ly fifte5? c5tury1 0 = a numb] ( ye>s 9 ,engli% h&s4 ,x is significant t 9 "s ( ! small] *ur*es ( ! diocese is to be not$ ! same treatm5t4 ,! rose w9d[s ( bo? ! ea/]n & we/]n faades are ,go?ic 9 inception & treatm5t1 & are unusually acceptable specim5s ( ^! supreme ef=ts ( ! ,fr5* m$ival build]s1 ! glass !re9 be+ di/9ctly good1 ?\gh p]haps n rem>kable4 ,! transepts are rectangul> &1 ) ! ensemble ( ! entire /ructure1 7 _! t[]s complet$1 !re w\ld be produc$1 n only a unique example1 b a t[]+ effect only a degree less int]e/+ ?an ! p]fectly proportion$ pyramidal =m s mu* admir$ 9 ! p]fectly develop$ ,go?ic4 ,! int]ior is equally attractive ) ! ext]ior1 &1 ?\gh ! *ur* is n by any means ( rem>kable dim5sions1 x pres5ts 9 its appropriate disposition ( detail a f> m roomy & pleas+ arrangem5t ?an _m a l>g] example4 ,! transepts are divid$ into a nave & side aisles1 ! columns :i* p>tition !m1 l ^? ( ! nave prop]1 be+ cyl9drical & ( massive proportions1 :i*1 h[ev]1 light5 z !y rise to ! vault+4 ,!y are unusually symmetrical :5 view$ toge!r1 ! capitals ( ! l[] s]ies be+ ornately c>v$1 ea* ( a v>y+ design4 ,above ! aisles are l(ty gall]ies4 ,! nave *apels 7 add$ 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies4 ,! /a9$ glass1 l t ( ! rose w9d[s1 is 9 ! nave di/9ctly good1 p>ticul>ly t ( ! l[] range on ! s\!rly side4 ,! pulpit1 ( c>v$ wood ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod1 is n ( ! importance & quality ( ?is class ( "w to be se5 across ! ,rh9e bord]4 ,! =m] ,bi%op's palace1 adjo9+ ! left ( ! *oir1 is n[ ! ,palais de ,ju/ice4 ,a few rema9s ( a =m] ,go?ic cloi/] are to be rem>k$1 surr\nd$ by ! lat] con/ruction4 ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame de ,noyon ,,iii ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,noyon ,9 ,notre ,dame at ,noyon1 ,notre ,dame at ,laon1 & ! ca!dral at ,t\rnai1 is to be not$ ! v unusual division ( ! int]ior elevation into f\r ranges ( op5+s1 ?is effect be+ only se5 at ,p>is & ,r\5 among ! l>ge ca!drals4 ,noyon & ,laon borr[$1 p]haps1 f ,t\rnai1 :]e build+ 0 comm5c$ at lea/ a c5tury be=e ei!r ( ! ,fr5* examples fir/ took =m4 ,x is p]haps n ess5tial t su* an arrangem5t be made 9 ord] to give an effect ( l(t9ess1 :i* might n o!rwise exi/2 inde$1 x is a "q if ! rev]se is n actually ! case1 ?\gh ! effect is und5iably "o ( gr&eur4 ,soissons1 too1 may rightly en\gh be includ$ 9 ! gr\p1 ?\gh ! po9ts ( resemblance 9 ?is case are conf9$ to ! ris+ /eps to ei!r transept1 c\pl$ ) ! jo9t possession ( circumambi5t aisles1 & at lea/ ! sugge/$ int5t ( circul> apsidal t]m9ations to ! transepts2 ?\gh x appe>s t "h ?is plan 0 ultimately *ang$ & "o transept f9i%$ (f ) ! usual rectangul> end+4 ,9 ?is ,noyon pla9ly excels1 & !re is f\nd n[h]e else 9 ,france ! p]fect trefoil effect produc$ by ! apsidal t]m9ations ( bo? transepts & *oir4 ,s f> z ! transepts are conc]n$1 !y are ( ! mann] affect$ by ! build]s on ! ,rh9e1 notably 9 ! ,m9/] at ,bonn1 at ,cologne1 & aga9 at ,neuss 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,cologne4 ,) ,noyon app>5tly no?+ is lack+ ei!r 9 ! p]fections ( its =m] ca!dral or 9 its imm$iate environm5t4 ,! c\ntry r\nd ab\t is ?or\ghly agricultural1 & free f ! soot & grime ( a manufactur+ community4 ,amid a sett+ at once hi/oric & romantic1 x has = neighb\rs ! *teaux ( ,c\cy & ,p]rifonds1 ) ,compigne & ,*antilly n f> di/ant4 ,! t[n is unprogressive en\gh1 & ! va/ b>ge traffic ( ! ,oise sidles by1 n a mile away1 z if x 7 all unconsci\s ( ! exi/5ce ( any signs ( mod]n civilization4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x h>dly is mod]n4 ,! accommodation = ! we>y travell] is ( a satisfy+ & gratify+ quality1 z ! comp>atively few visitors to ! place well "k4 ,! city is an anci5t f\ndation1 hav+ be5 kn[n z ! ,noviodunum ( ! ,romans4 ,"h ,*>lemagne 0 cr[n$ ,k+ ( ! ,franks 9 #gfh1 & ,hugh ,capet elect$ k+ 9 #ihg2 & "h1 9 an important /ronghold ( ,ca?olicism1 z x _h long be51 ,calv9 0 born 9 #aeji4 ,altoge!r !re is mu* to be f\nd "h to *>m & /imulate our imag9ation4 ,z a type ! ca!dral /&s prem95t4 ,z to detail & /ate ( pres]vation1 !y1 too1 leave little to be desir$1 ?\gh ! appreciative au?or ( a *>m+ & valuable "w treat+ ( a good half hundr$ or m ( ! ar*itectural glories ( ,france bemoans ! lack ( a satisfy+ daily ,(fice4 ,?is may be a fault1 possibly1 if su* be really ! case4 ,! fabric ( ! *ur* has /ood ! we> & te> ( "t & /ress exce$+ well4 ,built 9 ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies1 x is a ?or\ghly h>moni\s & pleas+ :ole1 & we c well believe all t may h be5 said ( x by ! few able critics :o h pass$ judgm5t ^u its /yle1 z well z ! s5tim5t convey$ by ! phrase t x is "o ( ! mo/ graceful & lovable ( all ! ca!drals ( ,france4 ,! bi%opric 0 suppress$ aft] ! ,revolution1 & ! *ur* is n[ a dep5d5cy ( ! ,bi%op ( ,beauvais4 ,! elongat$ belfry t[]s are p]haps ! fir/ & mo/ noticeable feature2 secondly1 ! ov]hang+ por* ) its support+ frontal buttresses2 ?irdly1 ! be=e-m5tion$ tri-apsidal effect ( ! ea/]ly end2 &1 la/ b n lea/1 ! g5]al gr\p+ ( ! :ole /ructure 9 comb9ation ) ! build+s :i* are ga!r$ ab\t its haun*es1 ?\gh ) no suspicion ( a detract+ elem5t z 9 "s sordid & cr[d$ cities1 :]e1 9 spite ( und5iable picturesqu5ess1 is pres5t$ a squalor & pov]ty n cr$itable ei!r to ! city ( its habitation or to ! ca!dral au?orities !mselves4 ,f e po9t ( vantage ! /eeples ( ,notre ,dame de ,noyon add ! "o +r$i5t :i* makes a unity ( ! entire ensemble1--a true old-_w atmosph]e1 a t[n se5 9 n too app>5t a /ate ( unrepair & c]ta9ly n a deg5]ate4 ,! int]ior pres5ts no less /rik+ or noble features4 ,x is n /up5d\s or rem>kably awesome2 b x is gr&1 ) a subtl5ess :i* is inexpressible4 ,r\nd & po9t$ ar*es are int]mix$1 & !re is a notable display ( ! r\nd v>iety 9 ! upp] ranges ( ! quadrupl$ elevation ( ! nave1 ! lightness1 :i* might o!rwise h be5 m>r$1 be+ pres]v$ ?r\gh ! employm5t ( a s]ies ( simple lancets 9 ! cl]e/ory ( ! *oir4 ,re>w>d ( ! s\? transept are ! *apt]-h\se & ! scanty rema9s ( a ,go?ic cloi/]1 :]e a some:at c>eworn comb9ation ( ! =ces ( nature & art h culm9at$ 9 giv+ an unusually old-_w *>m to ?is app>5tly neglect$ gem1 z well repres5tative ( e>ly ,fr5* ,go?ic z any 9 exi/5ce to-day4 ,,iv ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,soissons ,soissons1 ! o!r primitive example1 is at once a surprise & a disappo9tm5t4 ,f ! railway1 on ent]+ ! t[n1 "o is highly impress$ ) ! gr\p+ ( a sky-pi]c+1 tw9-spir$ /ructure ( ample & symmetrical proportions2 & at "s di/ance !refrom is se5 ano!r build+1 possibly en\gh ( less importance4 ,curi\sly1 x is ! ca!dral :i* is ! less impos+1 &1 until "o is well up ) ! beautifully =m$ spires1 he h>dly realizes t !y repres5t all t is left ( ! maje/ic ,abbey ( ,/4 ,jean des ,vignes1 :]e ,becket sp5t n9e long ye>s4 ,x is a m]e bit ( /age sc5]y1 ) height & bread?1 b no ?ickness4 ,x is a pity t su* a *>m+ /ructure z ?is noble build+ mu/ once h be5 is n[ left to crumble4 ,! magnific5t rose w9d[1 or r ! circul> op5+ :i* x once occupi$1 is n[ b a m]e orifice1 ( great proportions1 b de/itute ( glaz+4 ,! entire conf9es ( ! build+1 :i* cr[ns a slight em95ce at ! entrance ( ! t[n1 are n[ giv5 ov] to ! use ( ! milit>y au?orities4 ,a little to ! "r lies ! "o-"t ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame1 ,soissons be+ ano!r ( ! ci-devant bi%oprics suppress$ aft] ! ,revolution by ! r$i/ribution :i* gave b "o diocese to a ,dep>tm5t4 ,?\gh n unpleas+1 its faade is m>r$ by its lack ( symmetry1 :ile ! t[]1 :i* rises on ! "r #bae feet1 is n suffici5tly /rik+ to r$eem :at o!rwise is an ord9>y en\gh ensemble4 ,! t[] to ! left 0 nev] rais$ above :]e x n[ ends1 & ! faade1 lack+ ! *>m :i* ! edifice might o!rwise h _h1 7 ! t[]s z complete & well proportion$ z are ^? ( a lat] date :i* grace ! rema9s ( ! old abbey1 w be = ev] want+ until ?is completion be c>ri$ out4 ,romanesque is pla9ly noticeable 9 mixture ) ! e>ly ,go?ic4 ,! ?ree portals are n rem>kable1 or uni=m1 & are sev]ely pla91 &1 ?\gh ( a noticeable rec$+ dep?1 are b>e & unpeopl$4 ,a well-proportion$ rose w9d[1 ?\gh n s l>ge z _m 9 ! great] ca!drals1 has graceful radiat+ spokes & good glass4 ,?is is flank$ by two unpi]c$ lancet-po9t$ w9d[-frames :i* b acc5tuate ! pla9ness ( ! entire faade4 ,above is an arcad$ gall]y :i* 0 int5d$ to cross ! entire front1 b :i* n[ /ops :]e ! gable jo9s ! nor!rly t[]4 ,re/oration has be5 c>ri$ on1 n sp>+ly1 b 9 good ta/e1 ) ! result t1 9 spite ( its newness at ! pres5t writ+1 x appe>s z a consi/5t & ?or\ghly consci5ti\s piece ( "w1 & n ! m]e pat*work t su* repairs usually sugge/4 ,! guide-books tell "o t ,soissons is fam\s = its trade 9 h>icot beans1 & incid5tally = ! beans !mselves1 & = ! great numb] ( sieges :i* x has und]gone1 ! la/ be+ t conduct$ by ! ,g]mans1 :o took possession 9 ,octob]1 #ahgj1 aft] a bomb>dm5t ( ?ree days4 ,f]gusson makes ! /atem5t1 :i* is well tak51 t ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame de ,soissons1 :ile n 9 any s5se m]it+ ! t]m magnific5t1 pres5ts1 9 its int]ior arrangem5ts1 at lea/1 a mo/ symmetrical & h>moni\s ensemble4 ,a curi\s ?\gh n unpleas+ effect is produc$ by ! black5$ po9t+ ( ! int]ior masonry1 ( pi]s1 walls1 & vault+ alike4 ,an unusual feature is ! circumambi5t aisles to ! transepts & ! sugge/ion t a trefoil apsidal t]m9ation 0 orig9ally ?\ght (1 :5 ! rebuild+ 0 tak5 9 h& 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! transept is s complet$ on ! s\? side1 :i* possesses also an anci5t portal1 &1 ) ! two at ,noyon s done1 pres5ts a feature :i* is z mu* a relief f ! usual rectangle z are ! r\nd$ *oirs ( ,cont95tal *ur*es a beauty 9 advance ( ! accept$ ,engli% mann] ( treatm5t ( ?is detail4 ,! *oir rises l(tily above ! transepts & nave1 &1 :ile ! g5]al proportions are n su* z to sugge/ undue n>r[ness1 ! effect is ( mu* great] height ?an really exi/s4 ,?is1 too1 is app>5t :5 view+ ! abside itself4 ,! ,*apel ( ! ,ros>y 9 ! nor? transept is ov]topp$ by an effective arrangem5t ( p]p5dicul> w9d[-fram+1 support+ a beautiful rose w9d[ ( ! spoke v>iety4 ,x is safe to say t1 _h ! entire space provid$ be5 glaz$1 ! effect ( light+ w\ld h be5 unique among ! ca!drals ( ! _w4 ,! only o!r decorative embelli%m5ts are "s tape/ries1 a few well-pres]v$ tombs1 & an ,adoration suppos$ to be by ,rub5s1 :i* is p]haps m likely to be g5u9e1 because ( ! situation ( ! *ur* ne> unto ,fl&]s1 ?an _m o!r examples ^: claims h ev5 less to support !m4 ,,"p ,,ii ,! ,gr& ,gr\p ,i ,,introductory ,exp]t op9ion1 s call$1 may possibly diff] z to j :at1 or :at n1 ca!drals ( ,france %\ld be includ$ 9 ?is t]m4 ,! ,fr5* prov]b kn[n ( all guide-book mak]s %\ld give a clue z to ^? :i* at lea/ may n be left out4 ,clo*] de ,*>tres1 ,nef d',ami5s ,*oeur de ,beauvais et ,portale de ,reims4 ,r\51 ,p>is1 & ,le ,mans %\ld be includ$1 z well possibly z ! small] b no less conv9c+ examples at ,sez1 ,s5s1 ,laon1 & ,troyes1 z be+ ( an analog\s mann] ( build+1 &1 by all t goes to make up ! compon5ts ( a really great *ur*1 ,b\rges might well be consid]$ 9 ! same gr\p4 ,= practical & divisional purposes x is p]haps well to compose an octette ( ! *ur*es ( ! ,isle ( ,france & ^? ly+ contigu\s !reto1 ,p>is1 ,beauvais1 ,/4 ,d5is1 ,ami5s1 ,reims1 ,r\51 ,*>tres1 & ,le ,mans1 :i* may be tak5 toge!r z repres5tative ( ! greate/ art expression ( ! ,go?ic build]s1 z well z be+ ^? ar\nd :i* c5tr$ ! mo/ significant ev5ts ( ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,to attempt to catalogue ev5 briefly ! *>ms & notable attributes ( ev5 ! fir/ f\r1 w\ld require m ?an ! compass ( sev]al volumes ! size ( ! pres5t1 :]eas ! attempt made h]e9 is m]ely to lead ) z little digression z possible up to ! *ief glories = :i* !y are rev]$1 & to sugge/ "s ( ! _m important & epo*-mak+ ev5ts intimately associat$ !re)4 ,m w\ld be impossible1 manife/ly1 unless ! pres5t "w 7 to transc5d ! limitations :i* 7 orig9ally plann$ = x1 h5ce x is ) no halt+ ass]tion t we ent] boldly ^u t *ronology or rsum :i*1 9 a way1 pres5ts a m>%all$ array ( correlat$ facts :i* ! read] may c>e to foll[ 9 fur!r detail 9 ! li/ ( bibliographical ref]5ces includ$ at ! end ( ! volume4 ,c]ta9 facts relat+ to ! hi/ory & ! ar*itectural features g5]ally ( ^! great ca!drals are kn[n to all1 & are *ronicl$ ) m or less complet5ess 9 _m valuable & au?oritative works1 rang+ f ! humble ?\gh necess>y guide-book to ! ext5sive if n exhau/ive ar*itectural "w ( ref]5ce4 ,! facts giv5 h]e9 are su*1 !n1 z are (t5 ov]look$ 9 ! be=e-m5tion$ classes ( works1 & z su* are pres5t$1 n s mu* ) ! av[$ object ( imp>t+ in=mation1 z to rem9d ! read] ( ! weal? ( int]e/ t exi/s ) relation to ^! %r9es ( religi\s art4 ,?is seems to be ! only preamble possible to ! *apt]s :i* attempt to ev5 classify ^! magnific5t build+s1 :]e9 mu* is attempt$ & s little accompli%$ 9 rec\nt+ _! v>i$ attractions4 ,let ?is explanation /&1 !re=e1 = any seem+ paucity ( description :i* may exi/4 ,illu/ration3 ,le ,bon ,dieu d',ami5s ,,ii ,,notre ,,dame ,d',,ami5s ,! ev] impressive ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame d',ami5s is 9 mo/ ,engli% m9ds ! beau ideal ( a ,fr5* ca!dral4 ,x is contempor>y ) ,salisbury 9 p]iod1 at lea/1 b x has little to rem9d "o ( ! actual features ( ?is edifice4 ,(t5 associat$ !re)1 z a simil> type1 x has little 9 reality 9 common1 except t ea* is repres5tative ( a supreme /yle4 ,beyond ?is x is h>d to see h[ any exp]t1 ar*ologi/1 antiqu>y1 or :at n1 w\ld seek to discov] relation%ip betwe5 two su* di/9ct types4 ,salisbury is ! ideal ,engli% ca!dral z to situation1 surr\nd+s1 & g5]al *>m & grace4 ,?is no "o w\ld attempt to d5y2 b1 9 ano!r environm5t1 h[ diff]5t might x n appe>1--z = in/ance plac$ beside ,ami5s1 :]e 9 "o p>ticul> alone1 ! m]e height ( nave & *oir1 x imm$iately dw9dles into insignificance4 ,"u su* conditions its graceful spire becomes dw>f$ & att5uat$4 ,ne$ m be said8--,! writ] ?9ks n1 s9ce ! pres5t "w does n deal ) ! comp>ative m]its ( any two ca!drals or ( national types2 b ! sugge/ion %\ld s]ve to demon/rate h[ impossible x is = any writ]1 h[ev] erudite he may be1 to attempt to assign prec$5ce1 or ev5 rank1 among ! really great ar*itectural works ( an era4 ,?is obs]vation is true ( _m o!r examples ( art expression4 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame d',,ami5s 444 ,! ca!dral at ,ami5s is d$icat$ to ! ,virg91 & is built 9 ! g5]al =m ( a ,lat9 cross4 ,ov] ! pr9cipal doorway ( ! s\? portal1 on "o ( ! upp] pl9?s1 may be se5 ! inscription :i* places ! date ( ! pres5t edifice4 ,en l'anque l',inc>natio valait mcc et xx4 ,ro4444rs1 ifu3 rimisit3 le premire pi]e3 iasis1444 le cors4444 ,rob]t444 ,! "w 0 und]tak5 by "o ,rob]t de ,luz>*e1 9 ! episcopate ( ,evr>d de ,f\illoy1 ! =ty-fif? ,bi%op ( ,ami5s1 ^: tomb may be se5 j )9 ! we/]n doorway1 & occupies ! site ( o!r /ructures :i* _h be5 v>i\sly deva/at$ by fire or invasion 9 #hej1 #ajai1 #aacg1 & #abah4 ,= fifty ye>s ! "w w5t on exp$iti\sly "u v>i\s bi%ops & _! ar*itects4 ,sa9t ,l\is1 ,blan*e ( ,ca/ille1 ,philippe ! ,h>dy1 & ! city fa!rs all aid$ ! "w sub/antially1 & ! fabric spe$ily took on its f9i%$ =m4 ,?r\gh ! lat] c5turies x /ill pres]v$ its entity1 & ev5 dur+ ! ,revolution its walls escap$ de/ruction & defilem5t ?r\gh ! devotion ( its adh]5ts4 ,9 lat] days important "w & re/oration has be5 c>ri$ out "u ! pat]nal c>e & at ! exp5se ( ! /ate2 & ! city itself only rec5tly contribut$ #de1jjj francs = ! cle>+ away ( ob/ruct+ build+s4 ,a ,fr5* writ] has said1 ,x is only ) ! aid ( a ,bible & a hi/ory ( !ology t x is possible to elucidate ! va/ iconographic display ( ! m>vell\s we/ front ( ! ca!dral at ,ami5s4 ,l ,reims1 its ?ree portals ( great size are peopl$ ) a ?rong ( /atues4 ,! c5tral portal1 kn[n z ! ,por*e du ,s\v5ir1 conta9s ! /atue ( ! ,good ,god ( ,ami5s2 t on ! "r is call$ aft] ! ,mre de ,dieu1 & t on ! left = ,/4 ,f]m9 ! ,m>tyr4 ,above ! gables is ! ,gall]y ( ,k+s1 j bel[ ! enorm\s rose w9d[s4 ,above rise ! two t[]s ( unequal l(t9ess1 & lack+1 be x said1 ?ickness 9 its due proportion4 ,! c>v5 figures 9 g5]al are n consid]$ ! equal 9 workman%ip ( ^? at ,reims1 ?\gh ! effect & arrangem5t is simil>4 ,= a complete li/ ( !m1 numb]+ "s hundr$s on ?is faade alone1 ! read] mu/ ref] to "s local guide-book1 ( :i* sev]al are issu$ 9 ! city4 ,! s\? portal1 ! ,portal de la ,vi]ge dore or ,portal de ,sa9t ,honor1 %>es company ) ! we/ faade 9 its ri*ness ( sculpture & its rose w9d[ & its gable4 ,"h also are to be se5 ! support+ buttresses :i* spr+ lat]ally f ! wall ( ! transept & cross ) ^? :i* come f ! *oir4 ,! nor? portal1 on ! side ( ! ,bi%op's ,palace1 does n %[ ! same ri*ness z ! o!rs1 ?\gh p]haps m ?an ord9>ily ornate4 ,! spire above ! transept cross+ is a "w ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & is p]haps m rem>kable ?an its r dim9utive appe>ance1 9 contra/ ) ! huge bulk ( ! edifice1 w\ld indicate4 ,! extreme height ( nave & *oir 7#adg feet71 adds immeasurably to ! gr& effect produc$ by ! int]ior1 a height 9 proportion to bread? ne>ly d\ble t usual 9 ! ,engli% ca!drals4 ,! vault+ is borne al(t by ov] "o hundr$ columns4 ,! natural attribute ( su* great dim5sion is a sup]b s]ies ( w9d[s1 a promise m ?an fulfill$ by ! ?ree great rose w9d[s & ! l(ty cl]e/ory ( nave & *oir4 ,! sixte5? c5tury glass is exce$+ly pr(use & brilliant4 ,! lat]al *apels ( ! nave 7 add$ subsequ5t to ! "w ( ! e>ly build]s1 all be+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :ile ! elev5 *oir *apels are ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 all ) v ornate iron grilles1 :i* are a feature only second to a rem>kable s]ies ( *oir /alls1 numb]+ ov] "o hundr$1 %[+ a wond]ful v>iety ( delicate c>v$ figures ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! "w ( "o ,jean ,turp91 ! subjects be+ ma9ly ,biblical4 ,a /one scre5 ) elaborate sculptures 9 high relief surr\nds ! *oir1 t on ! s\? repres5t+ ! leg5d ( ,/4 ,firm91 ! patron ( ,pic>dy1 & t on ! nor?1 sc5es connect$ ) ! life ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,9 a side *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,john reposes ! alleg$ head ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,o!rs h appe>$ else:]e f "t to "t1 b z !y are n n[ recogniz$ z be+ g5u9e1 & ! said apo/le n be+ hydra-head$1 x is possible t !re w be ^? :o w *oose to ?r[ ! weight ( _! op9ions 9 fav\r ( ! claim ( ,ami5s4 ,! fly+ buttresses at ,ami5s are n ( ! s+ul> lightness associat$ ) ?is notably ,fr5* *>act]i/ic2 !y are 9 ! ma91 h[ev]1 none ! less effective = t1 & assur$ly1 s f> z ! "w :i* !y h to p]=m is conc]n$1 x 0 d\btless necess>y t !y %\ld be ( m ?an ord9>y /r5g?4 ,! view ( ! ensemble f ! riv] %[s ! massiv5ess & g5]al proportions 9 a unique & sup]b mann]4 ,ami5s is n o!rwise an attractive city1 a bu/le ( gr& & *eap hotels1 decid$ly a place to be tak5 en r\te1 n l ,beauvais1 :]e "o may well rema9 z long z fancy wills & n feel ! too /rong h& ( progress intrud+ ^u 8 rum9ations4 ,,iii ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,beauvais ,beauvais is by no means an inaccessible place1 ?\gh h[ (t5 h we kn[n "o :o c\ld n tell 9 :at "p ( ,france x 0 situat$4 ,( c\rse1 be+ (f ! l9e is suffici5t excuse = ! majority ( hurri$ travell]s to pass x by1 b1 leav+ ?is debatable po9t out ( ! "q1 let u admit1 = ! nonce1 t x is admirably locat$ if "o only *ooses to sp5d a half-day or m 9 visit+ ! *>m+ly int]e/+ city & its ca!dral1 or :at !re is ( x1 = x exi/s only z a lum9\s height sans nave1 sans t[]1 & sans ne>ly ev]y?+1 except a *oir ( su* imm5sity t to see x is to m>vel if n to admire4 ,x is inde$ z ,hope has said1 a miracle ( l(t9ess & lightness2 appe>+ z if ab\t to so> into ! air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,pi]re 444 de ,,beauvais ,h[ _m read]s1 :o recognize ! *>ms = :i* ! ca!dral is mo/ rev]$1 "k t x 0 int5d$ to rank z ! ,/4 ,pet]'s ( ! nor?1 & l its ,roman prototype1 0 to surpass all o!r contempor>y /ructures 9 size & magnific5ce4 ,?is 0 m>k$ out = x :51 9 ! middle sixte5? c5tury1 ! build]s ( its c5tral spire1 :i* fell %ortly aft]1 s\ght to rival ! ,italian *ur* 9 a va/ ,go?ic fabric :i* %\ld be ! dom9ant nor!rn type 9 contra-di/9ction to t ( ! s\?4 ,?is ( itself1 7 !re no o!r contributory int]e/s1 :i* !re are to a v great degree1 %\ld be all-suffici5t to awak5 ! desire on ! "p ( e "o :o j\rneys ,p>isw>d to obta9 a m intimate acqua9tance ) ?is great "w4 ,"h 0 an in/ance ( ambition ov]leap+ itself1--exce$+ by f> ! ne$s & conditions ( its environm5t & l _m ano!r ill-plann$ v5ture1 x fell to ru9 ?r\gh a lack ( logic & m5tal balance4 ,to-day we see a re/or$ fabric1 lack+ all ! attributes ( a great *ur* except t :i* is encompass$ by t portion ly+ ea/w>d ( ! nave prop]1 its frail buttresses knitt$ toge!r by iron rods1 its pi]s latt]ly d\bl$ 9 numb]1 & _m m visible signs ( an attempt to hold its walls & ro(s up to ! "w !y h to p]=m4 ,! pres5t /ructure1 9 s f> z c]ta9 ( its compon5ts g1 0 comm5c$ )9 five ye>s ( ,ami5s 7#abbe71 :i* calls to m9d ! guide-book comp>ison1 :i* seems s appropriate t x mu/ really h previ\sly orig9at$ f "s o!r s\rce1--,ami5s1 a giant 9 repose2 ,beauvais1 a ,colossus on tiptoe4 ,its design] built n wisely1 nor 9 ?is case too well1 = be=e ! end ( ! c5tury ! ro( _h fall51 & ?is aft] repeat$ miscalculations & failures4 ,at ?is "t ! int]m$iate pi]s ( ! *oir 7 built & a g5]al modifi$ plan adopt$4 ,rusk9's fav\rite simile1 ) respect to ,/4 ,pi]re de ,beauvais1 0 t no ,alp9e precipice _h ! %e] fall ( ! walls ( ?is *oir1--or words to t effect1 :i* is ab\t z f>-fet*$ z _m o!r ( 8 dictums1 :i* h s9ce be5 explod$ by writ]s ( e degree ( optimism & pessimism4 ,c]ta9ly x is a great height to :i* ?is *oir rises1 "o hundr$ & fifty-?ree feet x has be5 call$1 :i* probably exce$s t ( ,ami5s by a doz5 or m feet1 ?\gh au?orities 7sic7 v>y ) reg>d to ^! dim5sions1 z might be suppos$2 b x is no m l unto a wall ( rock ?an x is to a ligh?\se4 ,) ! crumbl+ ( ! sixte5?-c5tury spire on ,asc5sion ,day1 #aegc1 re/oration ( ! transepts 0 und]tak5 & "w on ! nave resum$1 :i* only proce$$1 h[ev]1 to ! ext5t ( erect+ "o bay to ! we/w>d1 :i* /&s to ?is day1 ! op5 end fill$ 9 ) scantl+1 wea!r pro(+1 & :at n1--a b>e1 gaunt1 ugly pat*4 ,_h x be5 possible to complete ! "w on its orig9al magnific5t l9es1 x w\ld h be5 ! mo/ /up5d\s ,go?ic fabric ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,n entirely )\t beauty1 9 spite ( its great proportions1 x is m ) wond] ?an admiration t "o views bo? its details & proportions4 ,?\gh x is p]haps unfair to condemn its /yle z unwor?y ( ! ,augu/an age ( ,fr5* ar*itecture1 surely ! ambition ) :i* ! "w 0 und]tak5 0 a laudable "o en\gh1 & x is only f ! fact t x spells failure 9 ! eyes ( _m :o lack initiative 9 _! own make-up1 t x only qualifi$ly may be call$ a great "w4 ,! *oir1 :i* n[ dates f #acbb1 p]=ce looks unduly %ort1 by reason ( ! abs5ce ( a nave to add to ! effect ( horizontal /ability2 & ! great height ( ! adjo9+ transept2 b ! *evet & buttresses are c]ta9ly a m>vel ( grace & t[]+ =ms4 ,! portals ( ! transept are ( ! p]iod ( ,francis ,i41 ) fl[+ l9es & ornate decorations--hav+ pass$ ! sev]ity & e?ical /&>ds ( maturity1 & progress$ well along ! pa? to s5ility1 z a vigor\s ,fr5*man has put x4 ,true en\gh 9 its application is ?is livid s5tim5t1--p]haps1--b its jewel-l s\? portal1 l ! gemm$ we/ front ( ,t\rs1 =ms an attractive en\gh pres5tm5t to please mo/ obs]v]s :o d n delve too deeply into cause & effect4 ,! nor? portal is less ornate1 b its beautifully c>v$ doors are by ! same h& z t :i* work$ ! opposite portal4 ,! ornam5tal /onework "h is unusual1 sugge/+ an arrangem5t :i* may or may n h be5 int5d$ z a repres5tation ( ! ,tree ( ,jesse4 ,9 any case x is a rem>kable "w ( fl[+ ,go?ic bran*es1 :i*1 ?\gh ma9ly lack+ its int5d$ int]sp]s$ figures1 is n only unique among ext]ior decorations1 b appe>s z a s+ul>ly appropriate treatm5t ( a gr& doorway4 ,adjo9+ ! *oir on ! "r is a sacri/y occupy+ a small /ructure1 & to ! we/w>d is a fragm5t>y edifice kn[n z ! ,basse ,o,euvre1--"o ( ! olde/ exi/+ build+s 9 ,france2 a ,romano-,byzant9e "w1 v>i\sly /at$ z ( ! six? to eigh? c5tury & =m+ a portion ( ! orig9al *ur* :i* occupi$ ! site ( ! pres5t ,ca!dral4 ,! g5]al impressiv5ess ( ?is great *ur*--! memory :i* mo/ ( u w c>ry away--is caus$ by its imm5sity1 its l(t9ess1 & ! g5]al effect ( lightness4 ,^! =m an irresi/ible galaxy ( features :i* c h>dly fail to produce a new & />tl+ s5sation ^u any obs]v]4 ,z to decorative embelli%m5ts1 ! *ur* is by no means lack+4 ,! col\r$ glass1 typical ( ! be/ p]iod ( ! art1 is luxuri\s & ext5sive2 t conta9$ 9 ! nor? & s\? transept rose w9d[s be+ ! exce$+ly beautiful "w ( ,le ,pr9ce1 a celebrat$ sixte5?-c5tury arti/4 ,num]\s side *apels surr\nd ! ambulatory ( ! *oir1 & on ! we/ wall ( ! transept are hung ! eight tape/ries aft] ! sixte5?-c5tury ,raphael c>toons n[ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,^! tape/ries are1 x is to be presum$1 late copies1 s9ce1 ( ! two e>ly sets wov5 at ,arras1 "o is pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican & ! o!r at ! ,museum at ,b]l94 ,a mod]n fresco ( ,jeanne ,ha*ette1 a local ,amazon1 adorns "o ( ! *oir *apels4 ,a mod]n a/ronomical clock1 ) num]\s dials1 /rik+ figures1 & cr[+ cocks1 is plac$ ne> ! nor? transept4 ,x might naturally be suppos$ t 9 our day ! canons ( good ta/e w\ld plead aga9/ su* a m]e curio be+ h\s$ 9 a noble *ur*4 ,! =m] ,bi%op's ,palace1 dat+ f ! f\rte5? to sixte5? c5turies1 is n[ ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice4 ,! pres5t episcopal resid5ce is imm$iately to ! nor? ( ! ,ca!dral & is mod]n4 ,z a tape/ry-mak+ c5tre ,beauvais ranks ) ! fam\s ,gobel9 ,manufactory at ,p>is4 ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame de ,r\5 ,,iv ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,r\5 ,r\51 ( all ! m$ival cities ( ,france1 is ev] to ! =e 9 ! memories ( ! m]e travell] = pleasure4 ,9 no s5se are its *>ms ( a negative quality1 or few 9 numb]4 ,q ! rev]se is ! case2 b ! city's app>5t attraction is its extreme accessibility1 & ! glam\rs t a metropolis ( rank ?r[s ov] itself2 = x mu/ n be d5i$ t a c\ntrifi$ environm5t has n1 = all1 ! appeal+ int]e/ ( a great city4 ,x is to ?is1 !n1 t ,r\5 mu/ accr$it ! ?rongs ( /rang]s :i* cont9ually flock to its doors f ! ,ea/] "t to late autumn4 ,9 addition !re are its ?ree great *ur*es1 s conv5i5tly & accessibly plac$ t ! v]ie/ tyro 9 travel c b come ^u !m :i*ev] way he /rolls4 ,o!r monum5ts ( equal rank !re are1 too1 & altoge!r1 :e!r x be ! m]e hurri$ peck+ ( a bird ( passage1 or ! m leisurely attack ( ! /udi\sly incl9$1 ,r\5 (f]s p]haps mu* great] attractions ?an are possess$ by any o!r ,fr5* city ( equal rank4 ,s closely1 too1 h c]ta9 ev5ts ( ,engli% hi/ory be5 int]wov5 ) sc5es & incid5ts :i* h tak5 place "h1 t ! wond] is t x is n kn[n ev5 m intimately by t huge numb] ( p]sons :o annually ru% across ,france to ,switz]l& or ,italy4 ,*ronicl]s ( ! city's hi/ory1 its *ur*es1 & its in/itutions h n be5 want+1 9 ei!r ,fr5* or ,engli%2 & ev5 ! guide-books enl>ge 7n unduly7 ^u its v>i$ *>ms4 ,once possess+ ?irty-two *ur*es1 sixte5 yet rema92 q "o-half ( :i* may be numb]$ to-day z ( appeal+ int]e/4 ,en passant1 x may be /at$ t "h at ,r\51 9 bo? ,notre ,dame & ! ,abbey ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ou51 is f\nd t gorge\s function>y1 commonly call$ ! ,suisse1 :o seeks y\r gold or a portion !re(1 9 return = :i* he w fav\r y by op5+ an iron wicket into ! *oir1 an incumbrance unnotic$ else:]e1 except at ,p>is & ,/4 ,d5is4 ,! late ,go?ic *ur* ( ,/4 ,ou51 :]e ! ,maid ( ,orleans receiv$ h] fatal s5t5ce1 %[s a wond]ful unity ( design ev5 z to its mod]n we/]n t[]s2 a consi/5cy n equally ! possession ( ! neighb\r+ ca!dral1 or ev5 ( mo/ great *ur*es4 ,altoge!r1 ?is gr& build+ is reg>d$ z an unp>allell$ example ( ! realization ( mu* t is be/ ( ,go?ic ar*itecture at its greate/ height4 ,9 its c5tral t[] alone--:i* may or may n be sugge/ive ( a m>ket-basket1 accord+ly z y w take ,rusk9's op9ion1 or =m "o ( y\r own--is ! lea/ evid5ce ( ! develop$ flamboyant f\nd4 ,its int]ior is clean-cut & free ( ob/ruction2 ! extreme l5g? ( its /raight l9es1 bo? horizontal & p]p5dicul>1 entirely fre$ f *apel or *oir scre51 embrace & uphold its walls ( glass 9 an unequall$ mann]4 ,9 /rong contra/ to ?is expressively graceful /yle is ! ultraflorid type ( ,/4 ,macl\1 ! o!r ( t tr9ity ( ar*itectural spl5d\rs1 :i*1 ) ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame1 =m ! *ief ecclesia/ical monum5ts ( ! city4 ,/4 ,macl\1 :i* dates f ! e>ly fifte5? c5tury1 ?\gh n ( ! gr& proportions ( ei!r ( ! o!r great *ur*es1 be+ r ( ! type ( ! l>ge p>i% *ur* z x is kn[n 9 ,engl&1 holds "o spellb\nd by ! v d>+ ( its ornam5ts & trac]y1 b conta9s no trace ( non-,go?ic4 ,! ,fr5* passion = ! curv$ l9e is n[h]e m manife/ ?an "h 7& 9 ! we/ front ( ,notre ,dame71 :]e fl[+ trac]y ( w9d[1 doorway1 portal1 &1 9 g5]al1 all ext]ior ornam5t1 is />tl+ 9 its audacity4 ,to view ^! two contra/+ types be=e mak+ acqua9tance ) ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame itself1 is to prep>e oneself = a consid]ation 9 "s measure ( a comb9ation ( ! *>ms ( bo?1 wov5 into "o fabric4 ,n[h]e1 at lea/ 9 no prov9cial t[n ( ,france1 are to be f\nd su* a categorical display ( ecclesia/ical ar*itectural details z "h4 ,r\5 has f ! second c5tury be5 an important seat ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,/4 ,nicaise1 n to be conf\nd$ ) him ( ! same "n ( ,reims1 fir/ held a conv]sion "h & 0 %ortly foll[$ by ,/4 ,mellor1 :o f\nd$ ! city's fir/ *ur*1 on ! site ( ! pres5t ca!dral4 ,9 succe$+ c5turies ?is f\ndation gradually took %ape & =m until1 ) ! occupation by ! ,norsem5 "u ,rollo1 0 f\nd$ a dyna/y :i* fo/]$ ! developm5t ( !ology & ! arts 9 a mann] previ\sly unkn[n4 ,! ca!dral 0 enl>g$ at ?is "t1 & ^u 8 dea? 9 #icj ,rollo 0 int]r$ !re91 z 0 also 8 son 9 #idc4 ,ri*>d ! ,fe>less foll[$ ) fur!r additions & enl>gem5ts1 8 son ,ri*>d be+ made its =ty-?ird ar*bi%op4 ,f ?is "t on1 ! great *ur*-build+ era1 ,*ri/ian activities 7 notably at "w1 "h z else:]e1 & dur+ ! prolific elev5? c5tury great und]tak+s 7 9 progress2 s mu* s t :at 0 practically a new *ur* receiv$ its consecration1 & d$ication to ,our ,lady1 9 #ajfc1 9 ! pres5ce ( him :o lat] 0 to be kn[n z ! ,conqu]or4 ,to-day x /&s summ$ up ?us--a gr& build+1 ri*1 confus$1 & unequal 9 design & workman%ip4 ,! l[] portion ( ! nor?we/ t[]1 call$ ! ,t\r ,/4 ,roma91 is all t is left ( ! elev5?-c5tury build+1 ! rema9d] ( :i* 0 de/roy$ by fire 9 #abjj4 ,rebuild+ foll[$ 9 succe$+ ye>s & %[s "w ( _m /yles4 ,additions1 repairs1 & int]polations 7 incorporat$ ) ! fragm5t ( ! t[]1 s t ! /ructure z we n[ "k x /ood complete ) ! e>ly ?irte5? c5tury4 ,viollet-le-,duc is ! au?ority = ! /atem5t t ! apse & transept1 *apels1 *oir1 & two doorways ( ! we/ faade 7 q complete be=e ! influ5ce ( ! p]fect$ ,go?ic ( ! ,isle ( ,france 0 ev5 felt4 ,"o ,engu]r& 0 ! *ief design] ( ! new *ur*1 assi/$ by ,jean d',&eli z ma/] mason4 ,! e>ly c5tury saw ! nave *apels built1 hav+ be5 prec$$ by ! ,portail aux ,libraires1 a sort ( cloi/]$ nor? entrance1 /ill s ref]r$ to1 "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ & quiet old-_w retreats to be f\nd to-day ev5 )9 ! hall[$ prec9cts ( a ca!dral4 ,! ,portail de la ,cal5de did n foll[ until a c5tury lat]1 :5 ! ,t\r ,/4 ,roma9 0 complet$ to its ro(2 at :i* "t 0 also add$ ! scre5 or arcade :i* sep>ates ! ,portail aux ,libraires f ! /reet4 ,?is c5tury1 too1 saw ! beg9n+ ( ! fam\s ,t\r de ,beurre1 built mo/ly by ! contributions ( ^? :o paid = ! indulg5ce ( be+ all[$ to eat butt] dur+ ,l5t4 ,its f\ndation 0 laid 9 #adhg "u ,ar*bi%op ,rob]t de ,croixmore1 & x 0 complet$ "u ,c>d9al d',amboise 9 #aejg4 ,a *apel at ! base ( ! t[] is d$icat$ to ,/4 ,/eph54 ,! ornate decorations ( ! we/ front1 add$ by ,georges d',amboise1 are ma9ly ( ! sixte5? c5tury & =m no "p ( ! orig9al plan or design4 ,x bord]s ^u ! /yle we h s9ce le>n$ to decry1 b x is1 at lea/1 m>vell\s z to ! skill ) :i* its foliag$ & crocket$ p9nacles & elaborate trac]ies are work$4 ,rusk9 0 probably "r 9 ?is e/imate at lea/1--,! c5tral gable is ! mo/ exquisite piece ( pure flamboyant /yle extant4 ,at ! pres5t day ?is we/ front is und]go+ su* re/oration & g5]al repair t ! entire gable1 rose w9d[1 & "p ( ! flank+ t[]s are completely cov]$ ) a mo/ hide\s array ( scaffold+4 ,! c5tral spire z x exi/s to-day1 9 reality an abom9ation ( abom9ations1 is naturally en\gh admir$ by all :5 fir/ view$ f af>4 ,x c]ta9ly looks n dw>f$1 or ev5 fragile1 b simply delicate1 & )al graceful1 an op9ion :i* ultimate association !re) spe$ily dispels4 ,x mu/ be "o ( ! v fir/ examples ( mod]n iron or /eel erection 9 ! _w1 dat+ f #ahbg1 foll[+ ?ree =m] spires1 ea* ( :i* 0 burn$4 ,! ar*itect responsible = ?is mon/rosity s\ght to comb9e two fabrics 9 incoh]5t proportions4 ,m ?an "o au?ority decries ! use ( iron z a con/ructive elem5t1 & ,*auc]'s description ( ! ,temple ( ,m>s 9 ! ,knight's ,tale reads significantly3 ,wr\ght all ( burn$ /eel444 ,0 long & /raight & gha/ly = to see4 ,! great "p ( ! ext]ior ( ?is rem>kable *ur* is closely hidd5 by a r squalid collection ( build+s4 ,"h & !re !y h be5 cle>$ away1 b1 l mu* ( ! process ( re/oration1 :]e new fabric is let into ! old1 ! incongruity is q z objectionably app>5t z ! crumbl+ /ones ( ano!r age4 ,notre ,dame de ,r\5 is s+ul>ly conf9$1 b !re seems no help = x1 & x is b ano!r *>act]i/ic ( ! age 9 :i* x 0 built1--t ! p ei!r s\ght ! %elt] ( *ur*ly environm5t1 or t ! *ur* 0 only too will+ to /ret* =? its %elt]+ arms to all & sundry :o w\ld lie 9 its %ad[4 ,9 an assignm5t ( rank+ beauty to its ext]nal features1 ! decorative we/ front mu/ manife/ly come fir/2 next ! ,portail aux ,libraires1 ) its arcad$ gateway & ! rema9s ( ! booksell]s' /alls :i* /ill surr\nd its m9iature c\rty>d2 !n1 p]haps1 %\ld foll[ ! ,t\r ,/4 ,roma9 & ! ,portail de la ,cal5de1 ) its *>m+ly recess$ doorway & flank+ lancet ar*es4 ,! sculptur$ decorations ( all are = ! mo/ "p intact & undisfigur$4 ,! gable ( ! s\!rn doorway rises po9t$ly until its apex c5tres ) ! radiat$ circul> w9d[ above1 :i*1 by ! way1 is n ( ! exce$+ great beauty ( ! o!r two rose w9d[s1 :i* rank ) ^? at ,reims & ,*>tres z ! beaux ideals ( ^! di/9ctly ,fr5* a*ievem5ts4 ,! int]ior1 view$ d[n ! nave1 & %[+ its great l5g? & t ( ! *oir1 impresses "o ) a grav] s5se ( unity 9 ! mann] ( build+ ?an is possible to conceive ) reg>d to ! ext]ior4 ,! height & l5g? bo? approximate t ( ,/4 ,ou51 &1 ?\gh ! nave rises only to n9ety-eight feet1 an effect ( great] l(t9ess is produc$ by ! unusual quadrip>tite range ( op5+s f pavem5t to vault+3 two r[s ( ar*es op5+ into ! aisles be=e ! tri=ium itself is rea*$4 ,! lant]n at ! cross+ supports ! ironwork spire1 & admits light to ! c5tre ( ! *ur*1 only to a small degree1 h[ev]4 ,! s\? transept1 l t ( ! nor?1 ) its ample d\ble aisles1 is ( great wid?1 &1 7 ! fram+ ( ! great rose w9d[ ( less angul>ity1 x w\ld inde$ produce a rem>kable effect ( gr&eur4 ,! o!r w9d[s1 & ! arcad+ ( ! tri=ium1 are s+ul>ly graceful2 n lack+ ei!r /r5g? or firmness1 ?\gh hav+ no glass ( great r>ity or excell5ce4 ,9 ?is transept is ! alt> ( ,/4 ,roma91 a sev5te5?-c5tury "w ( little pret5sions4 ,! nor? transept conta9s two features :i* give x imm$iate prec$5ce ov] any o!r1 :5 view$ f )93 its gracefully trac]i$ rose w9d[ & f9e glass1 & ! delightful /one /aircase lead+ to ! *apt] libr>y4 ,m]e description _c d ?is /airway ju/ice4 ,r5aissance x c]ta9ly is1 & :]e we might wi% to f9d no?+ b ,go?ic ornam5t1 x may prove some:at ( a disappo9tm5t2 b x is magnific5t4 ,its :ite m>ble balu/rad+ gleams 9 ! /rong light ?r[n f ! we/]n transept w9d[ & gives an unmi/akable note ( ri*ness & sonority4 ,x 0 built late 9 ! fifte5? c5tury "u ord]s ( ,c>d9al d',e/onteville4 ,! upp] doorway leads to ! treasury1 & t ( ! fir/ l&+ to ! *amb] 9 :i* 7 =m]ly kept ! bibliographical treasures1 n[ h\s$ 9 ! special build+ :i* =ms ! we/]n wall ( ! outside c\rt4 ,! nor? & s\? aisles ( ! nave are brok5 into by a s]ies ( *apels1 ! *ief ( :i* are ! ,*apel to ,/4 ,/eph5 9 ! base ( ! ,t\r de ,beurre & du ,petit ,/4 ,roma91 :]e an abb or cur speak+ ! ,engli% tongue is (t5 to be f\nd4 ,on ! s\? side is a *apel conta9+ ! tomb ( ,william ,longsword1 second ,duke ( ,norm&y1 & son ( ,rollo4 ,! great attraction ( ! *oir1 f> m ?an its beauties ( ar*itectural =ms1 %[n 9 its graceful columns & deep grav5 capitals1 w be1 = mo/ visitors1 its array ( elaborate monum5ts1 includ+ ^? ( ,pi]re & ,l\is de ,breze1 ( :om ! =m]1 ! ,gr& ,s5es*al ( ,norm&y "u ,*>les ,,vii41 fell at ,mon!ry1 & 0 buri$ "h 9 #adfe4 ,m pret5ti\s is ! tomb ( ,l\is1 8 gr&son1 erect$ by 8 wife ,diane de ,poiti]s1 ) a significant inscription :i* ! curi\s may be pleas$ to figure out = !mselves4 ,?is noble monum5t is "o ( ^? examples hesitat+ly attribut$ to ,jean ,g\jon4 ,! pice de rsi/ance is ! ,r5aissance tomb ( ! ,c>d9als d',amboise4 ,georges ,i4 0 memorializ$ 9 #aeef by 8 nephew ,georges ,,ii41 :o 9 turn came to %>e ! same tomb4 ,bo? _! kneel+ figures are beautifully *isell$1 & ! :ole erection is gorge\sly repres5tative ( ! late sixte5?-c5tury monum5tal "w1 little 9 keep+ ) ! ,go?ic fabric :i* h\ses x1 b *>act]i/ic ( ! *ang+ ?\ght & influ5ce ( its "t4 ,six symbolical figures ( ! virtues =m a l[] c\rse1 :ile ! canopy is surm\nt$ by n9ete5 figures ( apo/les1 sa9ts1 etc4 ,9 #agic ! a%es ( ^! great prelates 7 scatt]$ to ! w9ds1 b ! effigies & _! sett+ =tunately rema9$ un9jur$4 ,o!r ar*bi%ops ( ! ca!dral are buri$ 9 ! *oir1 & ! he>t ( ,ri*>d ,coeur de ,lion once re/$ "h1 z did also ! bodies ( 8 bro!r ,h5ry1 & ,john1 ,duke ( ,b$=d4 ,! *oir /alls1 mo/ly ! "w ( ,flemi% wood-c>v]s1 are notable examples4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,basilique de ,/4 ,d5is ,v ,,basilique ,,de ,,/4 ,,d5is ,! ,basilica ( ,/4 ,d5is1 s-call$ to-day1 built ov] ! rema9s ( ! m>tyr$ ,/4 ,d5is1 is 9 a way ! c\nt]p>t ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,reims1 9 t x also is intimately associat$ ) ! ,k+s ( ,france4 ,9 ! =m] !y 71 almo/ )\t exception1 cr[n$2 & "h1 at ,/4 ,d5is1 are ! memorials ( _! greatness1 & 9 _m cases _! actual tombs4 ,?us f> & no f>!r may ! simil>ity be said to exi/4 ,! old ,abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is has little 9 common1 ar*itecturally1 ) ! gr& ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame de ,reims4 ,( ! two1 ,/4 ,d5is is mu* ! old] f\ndation1 & f ! po9t ( view ( romance & s5tim5t holds p]haps ! premi] place1 z well4 ,! hi/ory ( ! city is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & div]sifi$ ( all 9 ! doma9 ( ! ,k+s ( ,france4 ,a ,b5$ict9e abbey 0 f\nd$ "h 9 ! reign ( ,dagob]t ,i41 &1 "u ! ,c>lov+ian dyna/y1 imm$iately took on political z well z dev\t significance4 ,! ,abbot ( ,/4 ,d5is j\rney$ to ,rome 9 #gea ,a4 ,d4 & secur$ = ,pep9 ! papal confirmation ( 8 k+%ip4 ,pope ,/eph5 took refuge "h f ! ,lomb>ds 9 #ged ,a4 ,d41 dur+ :i* "t he ano9t$ ! k+'s sons1 ,*>les & ,*>lemagne2 ^u ! consecration ( :i* act ,pep9 h&$ ov] to 8 sons ! "r & title to 8 dom9ions4 ,^u ! advice ( ! ,abbot ,sug]1 ,l\is ,,vi4 adopt$ ! ,oriflamme1 or /&>d ( ,/4 ,d5is1 z ! bann] ( ! ,k+s ( ,france1 &1 = long aft]1 its r$ & gold col\r+s hung above ! alt>1--only to be remov$ :5 ! k+ %\ld take ! field 9 p]son4 ,abl>d1 ( fam$ romance1 0 a monk ( ! abbey 9 ! twelf? c5tury2 &1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! sov]eign 7,l\is ,,vii47 9 ! ,holy ,l& dur+ ! mid-c5tury1 ! ,abb ,sug] adm9i/]$ full well ! affairs ( ! k+dom4 ,?is r5[n$ abbot & true lov] ( art di$ 9 #aaea at ,/4 ,d5is4 ,9 #adbi ! ,maid ( ,orleans "h deliv]$ up h] arms2 & a c5tury & a half lat] t /urdy ,prote/ant1 ,h5ry1 abjur$ ! fai? to :i* he _h hi!rto s t5aci\sly clung4 ,9 ?is *ur*1 too1 ! great ,napoleon m>ri$ ,m>ie ,l\ise 9 #ahaj2 & 8 lat] namesake1 "s fifty ye>s aft]1 erect$ a mausoleum 9 ! crypt1 kn[n z ! ,caveau ,imp]ial1 ! burial vault ( 8 dyna/y1 :i*1 h[ev]1 has nev] be5 s us$4 ,su* 9 brief is ! record ( "s ( ! m important affairs ( *ur* & /ate1 :i* are id5tifi$ ) ?is f9e old ca!dral4 ,! usual books ( ref]5ce give l5g?y li/s ( ! v>i\s tombs & monum5ts :i* exi/4 ,x is a pity1 h[ev]1 t1 9 spite ( ! laudable ambition ( pres]v+ "h1 9 a sort ( k+ly ,valhalla1 ! memory ( ! rul]s ( a pa/ age1 x has deg5]at$1 9 turn1 to a m]e %[-place1 ) little en\gh ( ! real s5tim5t rema9+ to satisfy ! s]i\sly incl9$1 :o p]=ce w\ld wi% to be rem9d$ 9 "s m subtle way ?an by a m]e ru% ar\nd ! exhibits1 :i* is ab\t all ! half-h\rly1 p]sonally conduct$ excursions1 ) appropriate fees to be deliv]$ up "h & !re1 am\nts to4 ,b = ?is1 !re w\ld /ill be "s ( ! *>m & rev]5ce :i* su* a noble memorial %\ld inspire1 9 spite ( ! fact t revolution & desecration h play$ m ?an a usual %>e 9 ! g5]al d]angem5t ( ! orig9al plans4 ,up to ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 ! mon>*s 7 mo/ly int]r$ 9 sep>ate tombs1 b1 foll[+ him1 8 imm$iate successors 7 buri$ 9 a common vault4 ,dur+ ! ,revolution1 ! ,conv5tion decre$ t ! royal tombs %\ld be de/roy$1 & s !y mo/ly 71--! bodies dug up & int]r$1 if s ! process c be call$1 9 a common grave4 ,9 #ahag ,l\is ,,xviii4 caus$ ! rema9s ( 8 ance/ors1 z well z ,l\is ,,xvi4 & ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 to be transf]r$ "h f ! ,madele9e1 & 9 turn he himself 0 buri$ "h1 z well z ! ,duc de ,b]ry & sev]al ( 8 *ildr54 ,! pres]vation ( su* ( ! tombs z surviv$ ! _m vicissitudes to :i* !y 7 put1 is due to ! fact t _m ( !m 7 at "o "t remov$ to ! ,muse des ,petits-,augu/9es1 n[ ! ,palace des ,beaux ,arts1 at ,p>is2 b 9 #ahag ,l\is ,,xviii4 ord]$ !m to be replac$ 9 ! crypt ( ,/4 ,d5is2 n1 h[ev]1 on ! sites :i* !y =m]ly occupi$1 b 9 an arbitr>y mann] :i* only ! great abilities ( ,m4 ,viollet-le-,duc1 :o und]took _! re>rangem5t & re/oration1 7 able to pres5t 9 "s coh]5t mann] = ! m>vel ( future g5]ations4 ,!re are n[ !re9 ov] fifty monum5ts & tombs1 besides v>i\s /atues1 m$allions1 & o!r memorials4 ,f an ar*itectural po9t ( view1 we h to consid] ! ,basilique de ,/4 ,d5is no long] a ca!dral1 z "o ( ! e>lie/ ,go?ic examples 9 ,france1 ?\gh at fir/ glance little en\gh ( ! true ,go?ic feel+ is app>5t4 ,ab\t ! ye> #bge a *apel 0 built "h above ! grave ( ,/4 ,dionysius1 ! fir/ ,bi%op ( ,p>is4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by a l>ge basilica1 ultimately giv5 ov] to ! uses ( monks ( ! ,b5$ict9e ord]4 ,evid5ces ( ?is =m] con/ruction are suppos$ by ar*ologi/s to /ill rema91 b little1 e>li] ?an ! /ructure ( ! ,abb ,sug]1 meets ! eye to-day4 ,/rong is ! trace ( ! developm5t f ! ,romanesque faade1 complet$ 9 #aadj1 to pure ,go?ic con/ruction ( a c5tury lat]4 ,9 ?is *ur* is commonly suppos$ to be exhibit$ = ! fir/ "t1 be>+ 9 m9d t ! date ( its consecration 0 #aadd1 a complete sy/em ( buttresses accompany+ ! po9t$ ar* ( ! vault+1 ?\gh 9 conjunction ) semicircul> vault+ 9 ! *oir aisles4 ,! we/ faade is ! mo/ notable "p ( ,sug]'s build+4 ,x conta9s ?ree deeply recess$ r\nd ar*$ portals1 decorat$ ) sculpture1 b s disfigur$1 or at lea/ modifi$ f _! orig9al =ms 9 an attempt to replace ! ravages ( "t & spoliation1 t "o c n well judge ( _! orig9al m]it4 ,! s\? portal %[s symbolical figures ( ! mon?s & ( ,/4 ,dionysius 9 ,prison2 ! c5tral doorway a ,la/ ,judgm5t1 & ! ,wise & ,fooli% ,virg9s2 :ile ! nor? portal depicts ,/4 ,dionysius on ,8 ,way to ,m>tyrdom1 & ,! ,signs ( ! ,zodiac4 ,a curi\s & unusual effect ( ! upp] portion ( ?is grim faade1 l a simil> "w at ,dol-de-,bretagne1 is a range ( battlem5ts :i* 7 erect$ = def5sive purposes 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! nave rises high above ?is1 surm\nt$ by a /atue ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,above ! lat]al portals ( ! faade are two t[]s1 t on ! "r ris+ two /ages above ! embattl$ cre/1 :ile t on ! left /ops at t level4 ,! spire ) :i* x 0 =m]ly surm\nt$ 0 ru9$ by lightn+ e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! *oir1 ) its radiat+ *apels1 is ( a ,romanesque ord]1 ) ! ,go?ic attribute ( ! fly+ buttress 9 a high degree ( developm5t4 ,a g5]al re/oration 0 c>ri$ out 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury by ! successors ( ,sug]1 ! ,abbs ,eudes ,clem5t & ,mat?ieu de ,v5dme1 9 ! be/ ,go?ic ( ! "t2 & x is to _! excell5tly plann$ "w t ! g5]al f9e effect ( ! pres5t int]ior arrangem5ts may prop]ly en\gh be accr$it$1 ?\gh = a fact x seldom is s4 ,a lat] re/oration1 ! remov+ ( ! ru9 wr\ght by ! ,revolution1 did n succe$ s well4 ,x 0 n until ! really great "w ( ,viollet-le-,duc1 "u ,napoleon ,,iii41 t ?is gr& build+ f9ally took on aga9 an acceptable =m4 ,! g5]al int]ior arrangem5ts1 ?\gh to-day app>5tly subs]vi5t to ! common attributes ( a %[-h\se ) its innum]able guides1 function>ies1 & fees1 are simple & impressive s f> z /ructural elem5ts are conc]n$4 ,z = decorations1 !y are mo/ly to be f\nd 9 t gorge\s array ( monum5ts & tombs be=e m5tion$4 ,! entrance prop]1 or ve/ibule1 is ( ,sug]'s era & is gloomy & dull1 9 /rong contra/ ) ! noble & impressive nave1 :i* conta9s ?irty-sev5 enorm\sly high w9d[s & a h&some tri=ium gall]y4 ,?is portion dates f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 or imm$iately foll[+ ,sug]'s rgime4 ,! excell5t /a9$ glass is mod]n4 ,! transepts are m]e rudim5t>y elem5ts1 sugge/$ only by ! int]ior arrangem5t ( ! pi]s1 & are simple & impressive4 ,illu/ration3 ,oriflamme ( ,/4 ,d5is ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame de ,,p>is444 ,,vi ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,p>is ,( all ! ca!drals ( ,france1 ,notre ,dame de ,p>is is mo/ firmly impress$ on ! m9ds ( ,engli% speak+ p4 ,at lea/1 x is m famili>ly kn[n by all :o visit t delectable l&1 & p]haps rightly s4 ,poets h sung its praises1 & writ]s ( all ranks h us$ x 9 well-nigh e possible fa%ion z an accessory2 inde$1 books almo/ )\t numb] h be5 writt5 ab\t x1 & ar\nd x4 ,?is is z x %\ld be1 = p]haps no great *ur* is m wor?y1 or m prolific 9 mat]ial4 ,= ^? :o w\ld probe deeply into its /ory1 !re is b "o way to acquire an intimate k !re(1--to und]take a c\rse ( read+ & /udy 9 "s su* way z a lawy] sets ab\t read+ up on a great case4 ,by no o!r me?od c\ld be acquir$ a ti! ( ! commonly kn[n facts reg>d+ its pa/ hi/ory2 h5ce ! impossibility ( attempt+ to deal fully 9 a few pages ) ?is great *ur*1 ev5 9 a p]functory mann]4 ,! mo/ t c be safely v5tur$ ^u1 is to rec\nt "s ( ! facts4 ,h[ _m h really notic$ t none ( ! diagrams1 :i* %[ ! gr\nd-plan ( ?is ca!dral1 indicate ! exi/5ce ( any transepts8 ,take1 = in/ance1 t :i* accompanies ?is volume1 :i*1 x may be said1 is drawn correctly1--beyond ! omission ( a c\ple ( pill>s on ei!r side ( ! nave1 !re is no?+ to break into ! long p>allelogram-l /ructure1 ) an apsidal t]m9ation4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re are a pair ( v beautiful transepts1 z mo/ photographs ( ! ext]ior1 & draw+s ( ! int]ior1 %[4 ,!y are1 too1 9 no way att5uat$1 & are only lo/ 9 ! gr\nd-plan by reason ( ! fact t !y foll[ ! v unusual arrangem5t ( n ext5d+ lat]ally beyond ! ample wid? ( ! nave & its *apell$ aisles4 ,! s\? transept faade1 ) ! portal d$icat$ to ,/4 ,/eph51 & two magnific5t rose w9d[s1 is unque/ionably m pleas+ ?an ! we/ faade itself z to design & arrangem5t4 ,begun 9 #aafc & consecrat$ 9 #aahb1 ! *ur* has und]gone _m vicissitudes1 *anges1 & re/orations4 ,x has f>$ ill on _m occasions2 p]haps ! greate/ defilem5t be+ t :i* befell x dur+ ! ,revolution1 :5 x 0 n only f\lly desecrat$1 its /atues & o!r imag]y despoil$1 b ! edifice 0 actually doom$ to de/ruction4 ,?is =tunately 0 sp>$ to x1 b 9 ! same ye> 7#agic7 x became a ,temple ( ,reason1 "o ( ^? fanatical exploits ( a set ( madm5 :o are p]iodically let loose ^u ! _w4 ,my/icism1 palav]+s1 & orgies unspeakable took place betwe5 its walls1 & x only became sanctifi$ aga9 :5 ,napoleon caus$ x to be reop5$ z a place ( div9e wor%ip4 ,aga91 ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury lat]1 x fell into evil times--:5 x 0 turn$ into a milit>y r5dezv\s by ! ,commun>ds ( '#ga4 ,9 turn1 !y too retreat$1 leav+ ! *ur*1 z !y suppos$1 to ! m]cy ( ! flames :i* !y _h k9dl$4 ,=tunately ^! 7 ext+ui%$ & ! build+ aga9 rescu$ f an unt[>d fate4 ,! ?irte5?-c5tury faade is usually accr$it$ ! f9e/ "p ( ! *ur*4 ,x comes ^u "o z r pla9 & b>e aft] ! luxuriance ( ,ami5s1 ,reims1 or ,r\54 ,z a model & design1 h[ev]1 x has s]v$ its purpose well1 if o!r examples1 v>i\sly di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ,engl& & ,france1 are consid]$4 ,its l9es1 9 fact1 are sup]b & v>y little 9 proportion or ext5t f :at mu/ p]=ce be accept$ z ideal4 ,its portals are ( good design1 & s also is su* sculpture z surviv$ ! ravages ( ! pa/1 ?\gh ! outl9es ( ! doorways are sev]ely pla94 ,a s]ies ( mod]n sculptur$ effigies ( ! k+s1 replac+ ^? de/roy$ at ! ,revolution1 =ms a pla9 horizontal b& across ! entire front2 a none too graceful or pleas+ arrangem5t ( itself4 ,a rose w9d[ =ty-two feet 9 wid? occupies ! c5tre ( ! next /age1 flank$ by two blunt-po9t$ w9d[s r b>e ( glass4 ,above is an arcad$ gall]y ( small po9t$ ar*es 9 pairs1 also ext5d+ across ! entire front4 ,! balu/rade1 above1 holds a numb] ( grotesque creatures c>v$ 9 /one4 ,!y may be g>goyles1 b are n1 h[ev]1 9 ?is case1 ( ! sp\t v>iety1 be+ "s ( ^? erections ( a sup]/iti\s age :i* 7 s frequ5tly add$ to a m$ival build+2 ?\gh :e!r z a m]e decoration1 or ) great] significance1 au?orities d n seem to agree4 ,! two uncomplet$ squ>e t[]s ov]top all1 pi]c$ by ! two great lancets1 :i*1 ) respect to m]e proportions1 are unusual if n unique4 ,! spire above ! cross+ is a wood5 /ructure cov]$ ) lead1 & dates only f ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,bo? ! nor? & s\? transepts conta9 magnific5t rose w9d[s ( ev5 l>g] dim5sions ?an t ( ! we/ faade4 ,! doorway ( ! s\? transept is ornam5t$ ) effective ironwork1 b o!rwise ! ext]ior pres5ts no rem>kable features4 ,to ! arti/'s eye ! gem ( ! build+ is und\bt$ly ! f9e gr\p+ & ensemble ( ! fly+ buttresses at ! re> ( ! *oir4 ,mo/ p]sons1 s gift$1 h tri$ _! pr5tice1 or _! ma/]1 h&s at depict+ ?is gr& m>%all$ array ( fold$ w+s1 &1 b = ! gruesome morgue at its foot1 :i* ev] intrudes into ! view1 "o might almo/ say x is ! mo/ idyllic & mo/ speci\s view ( a great ca!dral t x 7 possible to h4 ,7 x n = ?is *>m+ view ( ^! buttress$ walls1 ) ! riv] fl[+ at _! feet1 ! ,isle de la ,cit w\ld be inde$ a gloomy spot1 ) its lurid hi/orical pa/1 & its pres5t gruesome association ) ! h\se ( ! dead4 ,inde$1 x has be5 que/ion$ z to :e!r ! *oir & *evet ( ,notre ,dame de ,p>is is n ! mo/ beautiful extant4 ,! ,isle de la ,cit 0 ! anci5t isl& village ( ! ,p>isii4 ,a sixte5?-c5tury ,dut* writ] 7,de ,sauteuil7 has deliv]$ himself ( ^! few l9es conc]n+ ! ,se9e at ?is po9t3 ,:5 fir/ x ent]s ! metropolis x ambiti\sly /ays its rapid c\rse1 &1 be+ truly enam\r$ ) ! place1 =gets its way1 is unc]ta9 :i!r to fl[1 & w9ds 9 sweet me&]s ?r\gh ! t[n2 !nce fill+ ! pipes ) its wat]s4 ,t :i* 0 once a riv]1 joys to become a f\nta94 ,to c>ry ! sugge/ion ( contra/ /ill f>!r "o %\ld read ,hugo's ,notre ,dame on ! spot4 ,x w give a wond]ful & :imsical conception ( ^? weird g>goyles & devils1 :i* h only to be se5 to awak5 a new int]e/ 9 :at ?is great writ] has put =?4 ,= ano!r s5sation1 pleasant or o!rwise1 "o might look up a copy ( ,myron's wond]ful et*+ ( ! same subject1 or ref] to a mo/ excell5t monograph1 writt5 n _m ye>s s9ce1 entitl$ ,! ,devils ( ,notre ,dame4 ,! int]ior %[s ! e>lie/ example :]e9 ! d\ble aisles ( ! nave are cont9u$ ar\nd ! *oir1 & ! fir/ introduction ( ! quadruple range ( op5+s f ! pavem5t to ! vault+4 ,! aisles & nave are ( almo/ equal height4 ,! *oir1 besides be+ m]ely apsid$1 is1 9 fact1 a true semicircle1 a suffici5tly unusual arrangem5t 9 an e>ly ,go?ic *ur* to be rem>k$2 &1 9 addition1 is exce$+ly n>r[ & l(ty4 ,! glass ( ! rose w9d[s is ( old & gorge\s quality1 x hav+ escap$ de/ruction 9 ,revolution>y times1 :]eas t ( ! l[] range ( w9d[s 0 mo/ly de/roy$4 ,! *oir /alls are ( excell5t wood5 c>v+1 b ! high alt> is mod]n1 dat+ only f #ahgd4 ,! *oir scre51 ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 %[s tw5ty-?ree reliefs 9 /one1 once ri*ly gild$1 b n[ t>ni%$ & dull4 ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame de ,p>is f ! ,riv] ,,/4 ,,l\is ,,de ,,v]sailles ,alli$ ) ! see ^: jurisdiction includes ! ,diocese ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,se9e1 %\ld be consid]$ t ( ,se9e & ,oise1 :i* has its bi%op's ?rone esconc$ 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,l\is at ,v]sailles4 ,to all int5ts & purposes ! t[n is "o ( ^? conglom]ate units :i* g to make up ! travell]'s ,p>is4 ,m c h>dly be said ) due reg>d to ! magnific5t edifices ) :i* ?is ca!dral mu/ naturally be class$4 ,! o!r attractions ( ?is c\rt suburb are s appeal+ to ! s5tim5tally incl9$ t x is to be fe>$ t su* w h little eye = ! v m9or attractions ( ! ca!dral4 ,! ,trianons1 ! ,gr&es ,eaux & ! ,petites ,eaux are all 9 all to ! visitor to ,v]sailles4 ,z a matt] ( fact & record1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,l\is mu/ be m5tion$1 if only to be dismiss$ 9 a ^w4 ,b\rase ref]s to x z a ?+ cold1 unfeel+1 & )\t life4 ,tru?fully1 x is a rem>kably ugly build+ ( ! middle eighte5? c5tury1 ) no details ( note & no memorials wor?y ( ev5 a pass+ reg>d1 except a monum5t to ! ,duc de ,b]ry1 :o di$ 9 #ahbj4 ,:at embelli%m5t is giv5 to ! int]ior1 is acc\nt$ = by ! exce$+ ruddy gl[ %$ by ! contempor>y col\r$ glass ( ! none too num]\s w9d[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,juli52 ,le ,mans ,,vii ,,/4 ,,juli52 ,,le ,,mans ,le ,mans1 l ,*>tres1 sprang f an anci5t ,celtic hill =t1 &1 ?r\gh successive /ages1 has s9ce gr[n to a ,roman1 a m$ival1 & f9ally a mod]n city4 ,x cr[ns ! top ( a v consid]able em95ce1 ! l ( :i*1 says ,pr(essor ,freeman1 does n exi/ 9 ,engl&4 ,l ,*>tres1 too1 x has always reta9$ ! balance ( p[] :i* has made x ! local civil & ecclesia/ical capital ( its prov9ce4 ,x is1 too1 m closely associat$ 9 ,engli% m9ds ?an is ,*>tres1 =m+ z x did a "p ( ! dom9ion ( a common sov]eign2 also by reason ( be+ ! bir?place ( ,h5ry ,,ii41 & ! burial-place ( ,que5 ,b]5g>ia1 ! wife ( ,ri*>d ,coeur-de-,lion4 ,le ,mans /&s1 )\t d\bt1 9 advance ( ,*>tres 9 ! importance & numb] ( its second>y *ur*es1 z well z its ecclesia/ical1 civil1 & milit>y e/abli%m5ts 9 g5]al4 ,9 spite ( all ?is1 ! city has nev] rank$ z ( supreme importance z a ,european city2 nor did x ev] atta9 ! rank 9 ,gallic times1 t ! ev5ts :i* h be5 wov5 ar\nd x w\ld seem to augur4 ,to-day x is a truly *>act]i/ic1 l>ge1 prov9cial t[n ( little or no importance to ! outside _w4 ,self-suffici5t z to its own importance1 & ! ev5ts ar\nd :i* its local life circles1 x gives little indication ( ev] becom+ m ( a metropolis ?an x n[ is2 inde$ ! c5sus figures w\ld indicate t ! dep>tm5t1 ( :i* x is ! capital1 has rema9$ /ation>y z to ! numb]s ( its population1 s9ce ! ,revolution4 ,writ]s h endeav\r$ to c>ry ! simil>ity to ,engli% int]e/s & conditions /ill f>!r ?an ! ev5ts ( hi/ory really g to prove1 & h decl>$ t ,ma9e & ,engl& %\ld h unit$ 9 repell+ _! common invad]4 ,endeav\r has also be5 made to trace simil>ity betwe5 ! communi/ic pr9ciples ( days gone by1 :i* took =m "h & at ,exet] across ! ,*annel1 & h ev5 rem>k$ ! simil>ity ( ! topographical features ( ! surr\nd+ l&scape1 :]e9 ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t diff]s s f o!r p>ts ( ,france1 be+ "h roll+1 hilly1 & wood$1 z 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,engl&2 & ev5 /ret*+ a po9t to include ! h$g][s1 :i*1 x mu/ be admitt$1 are m 9 evid5ce 9 ,ma9e ?an else:]e 9 ,france4 ,b ^! obs]vations app>5tly prove no?+ except t ! majority ( p]sons probably "k v little ( ! real conditions :i* exi/ 9 ! prov9ces ( ,france1 pref]r+ r t _! j\rney+s afield %\ld foll[ m ! well-worn road ( _! compatriots4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,juli5 well repres5ts ! two di/9ct epo*s 9 :i* *ur* ar*itecture1 z x rema9s to u to-day1 0 practis$ "h1 & %[s1 to well-nigh ! fulle/ expression possible1 ! two pr9cipal trans=mations ( ,*ri/ian ar*itecture4 ,z ! ,angev9 /yle p>takes s closely ( nor!rn & s\!rn types int]mix$1 s ! di/9ctive ar*itectures ( ,ma9e1 if su* !re be1 may be said to fav\r ! /yles ( bo? ,norm&y & ,anj\2 at lea/ s f> z ! ca!dral at ,le ,mans %[s a comb9ation ( ,angev9 & ,norman detail4 ,! really di/9ctive s\!rn influ5ce is to be not$ 9 ! ,romano-,byzant9e nave1 ! ext]ior ( :i*1 s f> z ! we/]n front is conc]n$1 is f> m notable 9 ! rigidness & au/]ity ( its l9es1 ?an by any ri*ness ( ornam5tation or decoration4 ,no?+ c\ld be m simply pla9 ?an ?is portal1 & ! wall & gable :i* surm\nt x4 ,a l>ge b>e w9d[1 ( ! v>iety ( t at ,ang]s1 /&s above ! doorway1 :i*1 itself1 lacks all attempt at embelli%m5t4 ,:at decoration ! faade be>s is aft] ! true ,byzant9e mann]1 ( ! nature ( brickwork display$ & set into ! wall 9 geometrically angul> fa%ion4 ,:at sculpture !re is1 two grotesque animals on ei!r ( ! buttresses :i* flank ! faade1 is ( m9or acc\nt4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! ext5t ( ! detail ( ?is sev]e we/]n faade1 ! gr& portal ( ! usually accept$ great *ur* be+ entirely lack+ & evid5tly n ?\ght ( z a desirable detail :5 ?is portion ( ! /ructure 0 erect$4 ,x has no?+ ( ! prodigi\s art expression ( ! frontispieces ( ! gr& ,go?ic *ur*es ( ! nor?1 or ( ! less pov]ty-/rick5 ,byzant9e decoration ( its own ,m]idional portal1 :i*1 9 s f> z ! /yle c be said to take on ri*ness ( =m1 %[s ! transition t5d5cies ( ! e>ly twelf? c5tury4 ,?is doorway is surm\nt$ by a tympanum1 ornam5t$ by a figure ( ! ,savi\r surr\nd$ by ! f\r ,evangeli/s1 a subject :i* has always prov$ itself a highly successful & popul> ecclesia/ical symbol1 & "o :i* 9 ?is case1 z 9 mo/ o!rs1 is well made use (4 ,all ! figures h suff]$ consid]ably f ! ravages ( "t1 b reta9 mu* ( _! int]e/ & *>m 9 spite ( su* mutilation4 ,a t[] ( ,romanesque f\ndation1 b ( fifte5? & sixte5? c5tury completion1 flanks ?is s\? transept4 ,! rank+ portion ( ?is int]e/+ *ur* is its *oir1 l>g] 9 sup]ficial area ?an ! entire ca!drals ( ,noyon or ,soissons4 ,bo? f inside & out1 x is all t "o's imag9ation c\ld possibly inv5t4 ,its great proportions are z h>moni\s & graceful z ! l9es ( a will[-tree2 9 fact1 z to g5]al effect1 x may be set d[n z a ?+ ( extraord9>y gr&eur1 wor?y to rank ) ,beauvais or ,ami5s1 & yet diff]5t f ei!r1 ( a quality its v own4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ! canons obta9$1 f ,philip ,augu/us1 p]mission to ext5d _! *ur* beyond ! city walls 9 an ea/]ly direction1 & !n x 0 t ?is wond]ful *oir took %ape4 ,! "w 0 und]tak5 9 #abag & 0 complet$ soon aft] ! middle ( ! same c5tury1 & ! body ( ,/4 ,juli51 ! fir/ apo/le to ,le ,mans1 = :om ! *ur* 0 nam$1 0 plac$ !re9 by ,ge(froy de ,l\don1 !n bi%op1 :o decorat$ ! w9d[s ( ! *oir ) ! magnific5t glass ) :i* !y are /ill set4 ,f a c]ta9 di/ance to ! ea/w>d ! ca!dral at ,le ,mans pres5ts a view ( ! *oir1 unique 9 all ! _w4 ,o!r great] ones !re are1 if m]e height be conc]n$1 & o!rs ) m p]fect app5dages2 b none give ! f>-spread+ effect ( encircl+ *apels1 or are possess$ ( high spr++ buttresses ( m grace or beauty ?an are se5 "h4 ,he 0 a ra% man :o rank$ ! fly+ buttresses z a sign ( defective con/ruction1 indicat+ /ructural weakness1 mean+less & undecorative ornam5t1 & :at n4 ,few h agre$ ) ?is dictum1 & few ev] w aft] !y h se5 ,p>is1 ,beauvais1 & ,le ,mans4 ,! int]ior is "o ( great int]e/2 ! nave1 ev5 9 its e>ly =ms1 is none ! less attractive because ( its au/]ity4 ,x is1 z a matt] ( fact1 f> m int]e/+ "h ?an 9 its ext]ior1 ! sw>?y circul> pill>s hold+ al(t ar*es ) j a suspicion ( ! ogival /yle1 ) n>r[1 l[1 & disproportionately small w9d[s 9 ! aisles1 :]e are also a s]ies ( /r5g!n+ pill>s ( black & :ite /one1 pres5t+ aga9 a rem9isc5ce ( ! s\!rn mann]1 or at lea/ recall+ ! slate & /one ( ,ang]s4 ,9 ! *oir1 ) its girdl+ *apels & d\ble ambulatory1 we come ^u ! mo/ impressive portion ( all4 ,slightly ori5tat$ f ! ea/ & we/1 x pres5ts by itself1 l ,beauvais1 ne>ly all ( ! attributes ( a great *ur*4 ,! columns1 arcades1 & w9d[s ?r\gh\t are all ( an unusual elegance & grace1 ! vault+ ris+ ) mu* d>+ to a rem>kable height1 :i* mu/ approa* "o hundr$ & t5 or m feet1 & ! equal ( c]ta9 o!r popul>ly notable build+s4 ,! rose w9d[ ( ! s\? ( ! transept is a rem>kable example ( ^! ma/]pieces ( ! ,fr5* build]4 ,! fram+ & ! glass ) :i* x is set is ( ! ri*e/ quality1 ?\gh x dates only f ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! organ case is "h f\nd 9 ! s\? transept1 an unusual arrangem5t 9 a ,fr5* *ur*1 :]e x is usually plac$ ov] ! we/]n doorway4 ,! vault+1 too1 is mu* l(ti] "h ?an 9 ! nave4 ,! aisles ( ?is rem>kable *oir h ! fur!r unusual attribute ( ?ree ranges ( op5+s1 :ile ! cl]e/ory1 only1 rises above1 b ) great & impos+ beauty4 ,!re are a few fun]al monum5ts ( m ?an ord9>y int]e/1 includ+ t ( ,que5 ,b]5g>ia1 wife ( ,ri*>d1 ! ,lion-,he>t$1 br\ght f ! ,abbey de l',epau 9 #ahba2 a s>cophagus & /atue 9 :ite m>ble ( ,*>les ( ,anj\1 ,c\nt ( ,ma9e1 ,k+ ( ,j]usalem & ,sicily 7d4 #adgb71 & ! mausoleum ( ,langey du ,bellay4 ,9 ! nor? aisle are a numb] ( fifte5? or sixte5? c5tury tape/ries4 ,! =m] bi%op's palace 0 burn$ by ! ,g]mans 9 #ahga4 ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame de ,*>tres4 ,,viii ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,*>tres ,aside f _! wond]ful1 ?\gh non-simil>1 ca!drals1 ,*>tres & ,le ,mans1 its neighb\r1 h mu* 9 common4 ,bo? h be5 possess$ ( a brilliant array ( c\nts & prelates1 bo? grew f a ,celtic village to _! pres5t gr& proportions ?r\gh a s]ies ( vicissitudes1 w>s1 & conque/s1 until to-day ea* is prem95t )9 its own sph]e1 & has become n only a c5tre ( ecclesia/ical affairs1 b ( civil life z well4 ,! ,c\nts ( ,*>tres & ( ,blois1 9 ! middle ages1 7 a p[]ful race ( m51 & %\ld ev] be associat$ ) pr(\nd respect 9 ,engli% m9ds by ! fact t "h 0 ! bir?place ( ,adela1 ! "m ( ,k+ ,/eph5 ( ,blois1 & ( ,h5ry1 ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]4 ,z = local conditions to-day1 ,*>tres1 :ile hav+ gr[n to ! /ate :i* x n[ occupies ?r\gh ev5ts :i* h made x a city ( m>k1 rema9s a somnolesc5t1 sp>sely built t[n1 ) little sugge/ion ( ! progress ( mod]nity4 ,m frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 ! note-books ( ! travell] ?an ,le ,mans1 x (f]s p]haps no great] *>ms4 ,to be sure1 its ca!dral1 by reason ( its op5 situation & ! *>m+ quality & effect produc$ by its spires & its "o hundr$ & ?irty w9d[s ( col\r$ glass1 at once places x at ! v head among/ ! great %[ pieces ( ,france2 b x is 9 connection ) ,le ,mans1 sc>cely eighty miles away & s little kn[n1 t x ought really to be /udi$ & consid]$2 :i* z a matt] ( fact x seldom is4 ,! city is h>dly 9 keep+ ) :at we are wont to associate ) ! environm5t ( a great ca!dral1 ?\gh ?is ( itself 9 no way detracts f its *>ms4 ,! weekly cattle-m>ket takes place almo/ be=e its v doors1 & ! batt]y ( hotels :i* flank ! op5 squ>e pres5t ! air ( cat]+ m to ! ne$ ( ! husb&man ?an to ! t\ri/2--n a :olly objectionable feature1 ei!r4 ,beyond su* evid5ces z an occasional sign-bo>d ann\nc+ ! fact t ! ho/elry possesses a g>age1 fosse1 or :at n = ! necessit\s requirem5ts ( ! automobili/1 ! inns rema9 mu* z !y always 71 m]e b\rgeoise c>avans>ies4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame de ,*>tres jumps full into view imm$iately on leav+ ! railway /ation1 ?\gh "h x is to be not$ t no del9eation has ev] be5 made by mod]n h& :i* %[s its faade 9 its entirety4 ,! ro(s ( ! h\ses & %ops ar\nd its base indicate no special squalor or pov]ty1 z is ! case ) reg>d to "s ,cont95tal *ur*es1 & !re is a picturesque gr\p+ ( firs & popl>s to ! left :i* adds consid]ably to an already pleas+ prospect4 ,! :ole gr\p+ is1 p]haps1 none ! less attractive ?an if ! faade1 ) ^? extraord9>ily beautiful non-contempor>y spires1 /ood q unob/ruct$4 ,9 fact1 x is d\btful if _m a monum5tal %r9e might n lose consid]ably1 7 x tak5 f its environm5t & plac$ 9 ano!r :i* might n suit its graces s well4 ,^! really fasc9at+ spires1 fam$ ( all writ]s1 ar*ologi/s1 & pa9t]s alike1 are ! clef by :i* ! :ole h>mony is s\nd$4 ,"o _c b e*o1 & re*o1 all t has be5 said ( !m1 ?\gh 9 a qu&>y z to :i* ( ! two is ! m beautiful3 ! pla91 simple1 symmetrical1 old] spire1 or t wond]ful "w ( ,texi]'s1 replac+ ano!r burn$ 9 #aejf1 :i* rises 9 g5tly sculptur$ & tap]$ ranges to a height :i* exce$s its companion by "s tw5ty-five feet4 ,no m appropriate or conv9c+ word+ c\ld be giv5 ( x ?an by quot+ ,f]gusson's e/imate1 :i* sums x up z be+ ! mo/ beautifully design$ spire 9 ,europe1 surpass+ ev5 ,/rasburg & ,antw]p4 ,x is r a pity t f no suitably ne>-by po9t c "o obta9 a full view ( ! effect ( ! we/]n faade4 ,"o poor little h\se seems ev] to ?ru/ itself into ! ensemble1 ?\gh x is to-day app>5t t c]ta9 o!rs1 :i* mu/ h cut into ! front /ill m1 h be5 cle>$ away4 ,cle>ly1 ) all its *>m & beauty ( detail1 x is = its great & g5]al excell5cies t ! ca!dral at ,*>tres mo/ impresses itself ^u ! memory4 ,visitors to-day w h no easy task 9 locat+ ,l[ell's little pea-gre5 inn1 9 :i* he indit$ ! l9es1 ,a ,day 9 ,*>tres2 z appreciative & graceful an e/imate ( an inanimate ?+ z ev] 0 made 9 v]se3 ,! ,grecian gluts me ) its p]fectness ,unansw]able z ,euclid1 self-conta9$1 ,! "o ?+ f9i%$ 9 ?is ha/y _w4 ,b ah6 ?is o!r1 ?is t nev] ends1 ,/ill climb+1 lur+ fancy /ill to climb1 ,z full ( morals1 half div9$1 z life1 ,graceful1 grotesque1 ) ev] new surprise ,( haz>d\s caprices1 sure to please1 ,heavy z nightm>e1 airy light z f]n1 ,imag9ation's v self 9 /one4 ,among ! o!r attractions ( ! we/ faade is ! ,porte ,royale1 s call$1 ! c5tral doorway :i* 0 only op5$ = ! entrance ( ! sov]eign4 ,x is decorat$ ) ! signs ( ! zodiac & symbols ( ! mon?s4 ,next 9 po9t ( ri*ness are ! gr&ly effective nor? & s\? por*es1 ) _! triple doorways or portals1 sett+ back "s tw5ty feet f _! jambs1 :i*1 z at ,noyon1 & 9 ! small] *ur* at ,l\vi]s1 are pi]c$ ) a transv]se passage4 ,! nor? por*1 ) its range ( ?ree op5-sid$ & deeply recess$ doorways1 has unmi/akably debas$ t5d5cies1 b is fill$ ) sculptur$ /atu>y ( m ?an ord9>ily effective disposition1 m rem>kable = magnitude & ornat5ess ?an = f9esse ( skill & workman%ip1 or ev5 z a detail ( good ta/e4 ,! life-size /atues ( all ?ree recesses are held al(t by p$e/als1 on pill>s ( twi/$ & ( spirall$ trunks1 a =mation revil$ by ,rusk91 b produc+ an effect mu* m pleas+ ?an "s gall]ies ( effigies we h se51 :]e ! figures appe> z if hung up by ! hair ( _! heads1 or are cl++ to ! walls by invisible spurs at _! heels1 or1 z is n infrequ5tly ! case1 are /&+ or hung on no?+1 z ?\gh !y 7 grav5 ( "s bewit*$ magnetic /one4 ,"h = ! fir/ "t is se51 9 ! sculptur$ figures ( ! ?ree great portals1 ! pla/ic =ms :i* 7 to add s greatly to ! ,go?ic ar*itecture3 male & female sa9ts1 ,evangeli/s1 & ,apo/les 9 great array1 all some:at m ?an life-size4 ,only "o adv]se impression is ca/3 t ( petrifaction4 ,! figures1 almo/ )\t exception1 appe> z integral p>ts ( ! ar*itectural fabric1 r ?an z add$ ornam5t4 ,!y are mo/ unga9ly1 tall1 /iff1 & column-l1 mu* m s ?an simil> works at ,reims1 or at ,ami5s1 :]e ! sculpture has some?+ ( ! vig\r & w>m? ( life4 ,! s\? por*1 erect$ 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,i4 by ,jean ,cormi]1 p>tly f donations ( ,matilda1 que5 ( ! ,norman ,conqu]or1 conta9s a s]ies ( basso relievos1--se5 also 9 ! ar*es ( ! *oir1--manife/ly n ( good ,go?ic pr9ciple1 & "o :i* is ! v anti!sis ( ! nor!rn _s1 z ! "n itself implies4 ,! e>lie/ portion ( ! exi/+ *ur*1 ! crypt1 is t ( a timb]-ro($ /ructure burn$ 9 #ajbj4 ,x 0 erect$ e>ly 9 ! elev5? c5tury by ,fulb]t1 ! fam\s ,bi%op ( ,*>tres1 also rememb]$--possibly rev]$--z be+ ! prolific lett]-writ] ( 8 "t4 ,john ( ,salisbury 0 bi%op 9 ! next c5tury1 & "u him 7 built ! l[] /ages ( ! we/]n faade & t[]s4 ,9 ?is *ur* ,edw>d ,,iii4 call$ = ! help ( ,heav5 to aid 8 plans1 & "h ,h5ry ( ,nav>re 0 cr[n$ ,k+ ( ,france1 a *ange ( v5ue f ,reims1 :]e s _m previ\s & subsequ5t coronations 7 held4 ,! int]ior gives a deal ( ! ?rill = :i* "o %\ld always be prep>$4 ,! gloom1 s app>5t at fir/1 sl[ly bright5s z ! eye becomes accu/om$ to ! f9ely filt]$ light1 :i* p5etrates ?r\gh ! gorge\s col\r$ glass1 a feature :i* ranks ) ! spires z a vivid impression to be c>ri$ away4 ,ne>ly all ( ?is glass is ( equal wor? & attractiv5ess1 be+1 ) ! exception ( ?ree w9d[s ( a late date1 & a few uncol\r$ ones1 all ( ! gorge\s ?irte5?-c5tury v>iety4 ,! :ole mass ( ! cl]e/ory ?r\gh\t gives ! effect ( w9d[s heavily hung ) tape/ries ?r\gh :i* ! outside light pi]ces 9 m9ute rays4 ,?is comp>ison is made advis$ly1 inasmu* z1 reg>dless ( ! quality & value ( ! glass1 x is compos$ ma9ly ( ^? m9ute & fragm5t>y p>ticles (t5 m ri* 9 col\r ?an design4 ,!re is little d\bt b t ! result ( ! deep ri* blue1 cl>et1 & orange gives a fir/ effect ( insuffici5t light+ :i* w\ld try an arti/ or photograph] sorely1 ?\gh n a detract+ elem5t 9 *ur*es :i* w\ld (t5 appe> cold & unconv9c+ 7 su* an attribute lack+4 ,!re are also ?ree magnific5t rose w9d[s ( great size 7?irty to =ty feet71 conta9+ equally good glass4 ,a d\ble ambulatory surr\nds ! sev5-*apel$ *oir1 :i* is fur!r enclos$ by a magnific5t sculptur$ /one scre5 begun 9 ! sixte5? c5tury by ,texi]1 :o design$ ! m>vell\s nor? spire4 ,! ,vi]ge du ,pili] ( ! nor? *oir aisle1 a fifte5?-c5tury %r9e1 is ! subject ( great local v5]ation4 ,! treasury conta9s a relique 9 ! =m ( ! veil ( ! ,virg91 suppos$ to h be5 pres5t$ by ,*>lemagne to ,pr9cess ,ir5e4 ,o!r int]ior details ( note are an elev5?-c5tury font2 ! l>ge crypt b5ea? ! *oir2 ! unequal level ( ! pavem5t ( nave & *oir2 & ! maze1 :i* /ill exi/s 9 ! nave4 ,?is la/ feature is a w9d+ circul> pa? "s =ty odd feet 9 diamet]1 &1 9 all1 p]haps a ?\s& feet long4 ,z a p5ance 9 place ( a pilgrimage to ,j]usalem1 ! j\rney ( ! maze 0 p]=m$ by ! p5it5t on 8 knees--tak+ p]haps an h\r or m1 accord+ to ! size & l5g? ( ! pa?1 :i* v>i$ ) diff]5t *ur*es :]e !y =m]ly exi/$4 ,! o!r mo/ notable example 9 ,france is at ,/4 ,qu5t91 nor!a/ ( ,p>is4 ,,ix ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,reims ,! v anci5t city ( ,reims1 n[ ! capital ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,m>ne1 0 a l>ge c5tre ( population :5 x fir/ fell "u ! sway ( ! ,romans4 ,dur+ ,cs>'s occupation x 0 kn[n z ,duroctorum1 9 ! ,prfecture ( ! ,gauls4 ,a p[]ful metropolis & a fai?ful adh]5t ( ! ,romans1 ! city e>ly atta9$ prom95ce z a c5tre ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,/4 ,sixte prea*$ ! ^w "h %ortly aft] ! fir/ bi%opric 0 f\nd$1 aft] capture by ! ,v&als 9 #djf ,a4 ,d4 ,! city 0 practically raz$ by ,attila1 :o aft]w>d met defeat at ,*alons4 ,dur+ ! ,roman ,empire x 0 ! mo/ important t[n ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,belgica ,secunda1 lat] becom+ kn[n z ! capital ( ! ,remi1 ! "n giv5 to ! p inhabit+ ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame de ,,reims 444 ,9 #ejh ,a4 ,d4 ! ,franks "u ,*ild]ic captur$ ! city1 & 9 #gbj ,a4 ,d4 ,*>les ,m>tel captur$ x f ,bi%op ,rigob]t4 ,"h1 too1 ,pope ,/eph5 _h 8 fam\s int]view ) ,pep91 & att5d$ ! cr[n+ ( ,l\is le ,dbonnaire 9 #haf ,a4 ,d4 ,9 #gdd x 0 made an ar*bi%op's see1 ) suffragans at ,ami5s1 ,beauvais1 ,*alons1 & ,soissons4 ,x is to-day ! ecclesia/ical capital ( ,france--! ,ar*bi%op ( ,reims be+ ! metropolitan prelate4 ,clovis1 son ( ,*ild]ic1 ,k+ ( ! ,ripu>ian ,franks1 9 #dif ,a4 ,d4 conqu]$ ! la/ ,roman /ronghold at ,soissons1 &1 hav+ m>ri$ a ,burgundian pr9cess1 ,clotilda1 0 induc$ to accept ,*ri/ianity4 ,he 0 accord+ly baptiz$ "h by ,/4 ,remi on ,*ri/mas ,day1 #dif ,a4 ,d4 ,leo ,,iii4 met ,*>lemagne "h2 a c\ncil 0 held 9 #aaai ,a4 ,d4 by ,calixtus ,,ii4 9 an attempt to reconcile ,h5ry ,i4 & ,l\is le ,gros2 &1 lat]1 ano!r1 to excommunicate ano!r ,h5ry4 ,succe$+ ye>s saw a cont9uity ( ar*bi%ops1 :o a*iev$ by _! religi\s works a _w-wide fame & glory4 ,9 ^! e>ly days !y held ! temporal z well z spiritual p[] ( ! cities1 & 9 "s in/ances ev5 co9$ _! own specie4 ,9 spite ( ! *anges ( ! times & conditions ( life1 ! anci5t capital ( ,belgica ,secunda /ill rema9s ! *ief city ( ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ! ,m>ne1 ,ard5nes1 & ,aisne4 ,its ecclesia/ical & secul> monum5ts1 head$ by ! gr& ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame1 =m an array :i* is well wor?y ( su* ext5d$ consid]ation z ! travell] or /ud5t c give4 ,! ,b5$ict9e ,abbey1 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,remi1 is likewise notable 9 all ( its dim5sions & details4 ,its con/ruction dates f #aafb-aejf1 ?\gh ! rema9s ( a =m] t5?-c5tury /ructure are made use ( !re94 ,its *ief treasure is ! tomb ( ,/4 ,remi1 a wond]ful ,r5aissance fun]al monum5t ( impos+ proportions4 ,ano!r monum5tal feature ( m ?an unusual note1 is ! magnific5t ,roman ar* ( ! =m] =tress ( ,porte ,m>s4 ,?is truly maje/ic specim5 ( ! "w ( ! ,roman build] is suppos$ to h be5 erect$ by ,agrippa 9 #be ,b4 ,c41 9 hon\r ( ,augu/us1 al?\gh ano!r au?ority puts x z late z ! p]iod ( ,julian1 #cfa ,a4 ,d4 ,at any rate1 x has /ood ! rig\rs ( a nor!rn clime z well z any ,roman memorial extant2 inde$1 has se5 fall all its contempor>ies ( ! city1 = at "o "t ,reims 0 possess$ ( no less ?an ?ree o!r gateways1 be>+ ! pagan nom5clature ( ,c]es1 ,m>s1 & ,v5us4 ,! v>i\s o!r memorials ( ! city are on a no less gr& scale1 b ! av]age p]son w h>dly h eyes & e>s = m ?an a contemplation ( ! weal? ( spl5d\r to be se5 9 its ov]p[]+ ca!dral4 ,( ! glori\s gr\p ( monum5tal *ur*es ( nor!rn ,france1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame de ,reims1 if n admitt$ly ! mo/ beautiful & memorable ,go?ic edifice 9 all ,france1 ne$s b little qualify+ comm5t4 ,x has a prem95ce :i* has be5 g5]ally conc$$1 & ev5 elaborately endors$1 by mo/ obs]v]s qualifi$ to pass op9ion h]eon4 ,contemplation ( ! weal? ( detail1 & ( ! disposition ( its wond]ful we/ front1 no less ?an ( its g5]al excell5cies1 c b compel ! decision t 9 its ext]ior1 at lea/1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,reims is ! pe] ( any exi/+ ,go?ic fabric4 ,?\gh less huge ?an ,/rasburg or ,cologne1 & lack+ ! d\bl$ ti] ( fly+ buttresses ( ! latt]1 x is altoge!r ! mo/ spl5did & well-proportion$ ,go?ic mass extant4 ,! dim9i%+ or pyramidal effect ( ! t[]s & gable ( ?is we/ faade is an exemplification ( ! true symmetry ( ,go?ic =m4 ,l(ty1 & n closely hemm$ 9 by surr\nd+ /ructures1 x looms1 f any adjac5t view-po9t1 fully two-?irds ( its decorat$ spl5d\r above ! g5]al skyl9e r\nd ab\t4 ,aside f mod]n adulation we h ! praise ( an e>ly hi/orian1 :o deliv]s himself ?us3 ,decor et maje/es praecl>issime hugus /ructurae omnem scrib5di p]itiam longe sup]at1 ob elegantum omnibus e/ admirationi1 at que sibi similem non habet 9 tota ,gallia4--,met4 ,rememsis ,hi/4 ,dom4 ,guliol4 ,m>lot ,s4 ,nicasii ,rem4 ,prioris1 ,tom ii4 p4 #dgj4 ,foll[+ ! prea*+ ( ,/4 ,remi1 & ! murd] ( ,/4 ,nicaise1 :o f\nd$ a *ur* on ?is site 9 #djj ,a4 ,d41 ,ebo1 bi%op 9 #hah ,a4 ,d41 laid ! f\ndations ( a new *ur*1 ,l\is ,i4 grant+ t su* mat]ial z might be ne$$ be tak5 f ! city wall4 ,to assi/1 ! sov]eign also s5t 8 ar*itect1 ,rumaldi4 ,9 #hdg ,a4 ,d4 ,ar*bi%op ,nicman secur$ a r5ewal ( ! privileges1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( ! k+ ! build+ 0 consecrat$ 9 #hfb ,a4 ,d4 ,! we/]n entrance 0 ornam5t$ ) grav5 /atues ( ,l\is ,i41 ! patron1 ,pope ,/eph51 & ! ar*bi%op himself4 ,?is entire fabric succumb$ to fire on ! #f? ( ,may1 #abaj1 & ! pres5t /ructure re/s m]ely on ! rema9s ( ! anci5t crypt1 :i* 9 a measure surviv$4 ,few visible rema9s ( ?is anci5t f\ndation are to-day visible4 ,! new *ur* re>$ itself rapidly "u ! imm$iate sup]vision ( ! ,ar*bi%op ,alb]ic de ,humb]t4 ,! *oir1 begun )9 two ye>s ( ! fire1 made su* progress z to all[ ( ! high alt> be+ c]emoni\sly d$icat$ )9 ?ree ye>s2 &1 be=e ! middle ( ! c5tury1 ! records tell u t ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* 0 entirely complet$4 ,! "r t[] 0 uncomplet$ at ?is "t1 b 0 f9i%$ by ,c>d9al ,phila/re 9 #adcj1 up to :i* "t int]mitt5t lab\r _h evolv$ a sup]lative comb9ation ( con/ructive & decorative excell5cies4 ,! extreme lightness ( ! we/ front is br\ght m & m to impress itself ^u "o by reason ( ! consi/5t disposition ( ! excell5cy & delicacy ( its sculptur$ ornam5t4 ,?is we/]n front1 f ! gr& portals upw>d1 is ! apogee ( ,fr5* ,go?ic ornam5t1--at once ! admiration & boa/ ( all ,france4 ,"h is no mixture or confusion ( /yle1 9 design or decoration4 ,! po9t$ ar*es ( w9d[ & doorway are ( ! accept$ be/ mann]1 ! heavy detail is plac$ l[ & rises gracefully to ! ,gall]y ( ,k+s1 a gr& succession ( /one effigies ( royalties f ,clovis to ,*>les ,,vii41 a decorative arrangem5t n made use ( else:]e to any?+ l a simil> ext5t1 a fact :i* ( itself /amps ! ca!dral z ! royal *ur* ( ,france4 ,conceiv$ by "o ,gau*]1 ! portals are n only sup]ior to all o!rs 9 ri*ness1 dep?1 & quality ( ! sculpture %[n 9 ! hundr$s ( figures ) :i* !y are peopl$1 b are ( exce$+ly true & appropriate dim5sions1 tak5 9 relation ) ! o!r p>ts ( _! sett+4 ,imm$iately above ! gable ( ! c5tral portal is a wond]ful rose w9d[1 ( ! spoke v>iety1 conta9+ ?irty-f\r sections1--( imm5se size & ne>ly =ty feet across4 ,?is mo/ p]fect rose1 design$ by ,b]n>d de ,soissons1 may well be cr$it$ z "o ( ! ma/]works ( ar*itectural decoration 9 all ! _w4 ,flank+ ?is great w9d[ on ei!r side are two op5 lancet ar*es1 :ile above is ! ,gall]y ( ,k+s be=e m5tion$4 ,! tw9 mullion$ t[]s on ei!r side rise = two hundr$ & sixty-sev5 feet4 ,light & airy1 !y dep5d = _! effect ( grace & symmetry entirely ^u /ructural design1 lack+ sculptur$ ornam5t ( any k9d4 ,=m]ly !y possess$ spires ( a great height1 :i*1 h[ev]1 7 de/roy$ by fire 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,7 all its orig9al attributes complete1 says ,f]gusson1 we %\ld h ! beau ideal1 ext]nally1 ( a ca!dral4 ,?is is probably an adaptation ( ,viollet-le-,duc's e/imate1 :i* he expresses ?us3 ,?is we/ faade is ! mo/ spl5did conception ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1--,p>is1 l ,laon1 be+ really a transition example1 ,ami5s repres5tative ( diff]5t epo*s1 ,*>tres a m]e reunion ( fragm5ts1 & ,b\rges & ,r\5 a mlange ( ?ree c5turies4 ,! s\? transept portal1 :i* is ( great bread?1 conta9s /atues ( ! ,ar*bi%ops ( ,reims1 & "o ( ,clovis4 ,a simil> doorway on ! nor? side1 ?\gh n[ wall$ up1 conta9s1 9 ! tympanum1 a f9e sculptur$ ,la/ ,judgm5t1 :ile ! transept itself h\ses "o ( ^? great clocks s frequ5tly met ) 9 ,cont95tal *ur*es1--9 ?is in/ance said to be ! olde/ runn+ "t-piece 9 exi/5ce4 ,sev5 fly+ buttresses1 betwe5 ! transept & ! we/ front1 flank ! nave1 ea* hold+ al(t an elegantly canopi$ ni*e conta9+ a full-l5g? w+$ figure1 a fur!r unique arrangem5t be+ a simil> figure :i* caps or p9nacles ! out] pi]s1 f :i* ! buttresses spr+4 ,above ! po9t ( contact ( ! buttresses ) ! ma9 body1 runs an effective balu/rade ( small po9t$ ar*es1 :ile ! abside %[s1 aga91 a wond]ful comb9ation ( ! buttress z a decorative & utile feature1 comb9$4 ,! ext]ior may be summ$ up briefly z be+ ! mo/ gorge\sly peopl$ & decorat$ /ructure ( its age--z ?\gh x 7 expressly design$ to %[ (f ?is great ?rong ( /atues to ! be/ possible advantage4 ,tak5 collectively1 ! s]ies =ms1 says "o writ]1 ! mo/ complete & magnific5t collection ( m$ival iconography extant4 ,! figures 7 orig9ally p]haps z _m z five ?\s&1 repres5t+ ne>ly all ! families ( mank9d4 ,9 size ! ,ca!dral ( ,reims ranks ?ird among ! f\r l>ge/ 9 ,france1 be+ exce$$ only by ,ami5s & ,*>tres1 :ile ,p>is is slightly small]4 ,! int]ior pres5ts by no means ! awe-inspir+ gr&eur ( ! ext]ior mass1 & is possibly inf]ior to bo? ,ami5s & ,*>tres1 & ?\gh well dispos$1 lacks ! lightness ( ,cologne or ,beauvais4 ,a fir/ impression r indicates l>ge proportions ( l5g?1 bread?1 & height 9 ! nave1 ?\gh ^! dim5sions are n actually ( ! greate/4 ,! transepts1 includ+ _! aisles1 are1 h[ev]1 ( an extreme wid?1 b v %ort2 & ! abs5ce ( side *apels1 ei!r "h or 9 ! nave1 produces a regul>ity ( outl9e unusually conv9c+4 ,! nave pi]s1 ( :i* !re are t5 on ei!r side1 ) two w9d[ pi]c+s1 are ( a manife/ly heavy ord]1 ! capitals unusually s1 be+ v deep & weighty ) c>v+ 9 high relief4 ,! tri=ium is sev]ely pla91 be+ a m]e %all[ gall]y ( small po9t$ ar*es4 ,! nave itself is1 moreov]1 some:at gloomy1 :5 contra/$ ) ! brilliant light+ ( ! aisles1 caus$ by ! peculi> arrangem5t ( pla9 & col\r$ glass1 ! =m] fill+ ! w9d[s ( ! cl]e/ory & ! latt] ^? ( ! aisles1 ! rev]se be+ ! case ) ! opposite ranges4 ,! aisles h no *apels betwe5 ! r l[ w9d[s1 b gr\ps ( clu/]$ columns aga9/ ! walls4 ,! vault+ is deep1 ) simple ribs1 col\r$ ) a blue gr\nd spangl$ ) />s & fleurs-de-lys4 ,! *oir is surr\nd$ by sev5 *apels4 ,!re are t5 columns 9 ! *oir1 all ) beautifully wr\ght capitals4 ,! pavem5t "h is compos$ ( m>ble tak5 f ,lib]gi]'s abbey *ur* ( ,/4 ,nicaise1 f :i* edifice1 s9ce de/roy$1 0 transf]r$ ! tomb ( ,jov9us1 ! ,roman prefect ( ,reims1 :o became conv]t$ 9 #cff ,a4 ,d4 ,! s>cophagus consi/s ( a huge block ( m>ble1 n9e feet by f\r1 ) a figure ( ,jov9us1 lion hunt+ on horseback1 c>v$ 9 high relief4 ,! ro( ( ! *oir is curi\sly con/ruct$ ( wood1 ( *e/nut1 say ! au?orities1 z no spid]s are f\nd4 ,! high alt>1 z recon/ruct$ by ,poncelet ,p>oissi5 9 #aeej1 0 a v beautiful affair if old pr9ts1 usually none too reliable z to detail1 are reg>d$4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 de/roy$ dur+ ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! glass ( ! rose w9d[ dates 9 "p f ! p]iod ( ! greate/ ri*ness 7?irte5? c5tury74 ,! sepul*ral monum5ts1 aside f ! s>cophagus ( ,jov9us1 are to-day practically nil1 hav+ be5 swept away dur+ ! t]rors ( ! ,revolution4 ,two int]e/+ effigies /ill rema91 h[ev]1 ne> ! we/]n doorway1 a figure ( a mail$ knight & an abbess4 ,among ! real ri*es ( ! ,ca!dral are ! rem>kable & unique tape/ries2 well pres]v$1 & ( ! f9e/ quality ( design & texture4 ,f\rte51 by ,l5onc\rt1 date f #aecj-gj2 ^? 9 ! s\? aisle1 ! ,pep]sacks1 ! gift ( ,abb ,lorra9e1 f #afdj2 & ! mod]n ,gobel9s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! gift ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,tresor1 :i* includes ! *ur* plate1 mo/ ( :i* appe>s to h endur$ ! ravages ( invasion & w>s1 is truly magnific5t & intr9sically ( great value4 ,! *ief ( ^! are3 ! *alice ( ,/4 ,remi1 ( ! elev5? c5tury2 a reliqu>y conta9+ a ?orn f ! ,holy ,cr[n2 ! m>ble font 9 :i* ,clovis 0 baptiz$ 9 #dif ,a4 ,d42 ! *asuble ( ,l\is ,,xiii41 & ! ,sa9te ,amp\le1 :i* conta9$ ! holy oil br\ght by a dove f heav5 = use at ! conv]sion ( ,clovis1 n[ a m]e fragm5t enclos$ 9 a mod]n sett+1 aft] hav+ be5 ru?lessly %att]$ by a sans-culotte 9 #agic4 ,adjo9+ ! ,ca!dral1 on ! "r1 is ! ,episcopal ,palace1 :i*1 ) its dep5d5cies1 occupies a hect>e or m ( gr\nd4 ,9 ! fir/ c\rty>d is ! mod]n libr>y build+1 :i* h\ses ! ca!dral's ri* bibliographical treasures4 ,fur!r1 ?r\gh a gateway1 is a /ructure1 9 itself a gr& build+1 ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! "r w+ 0 con/ruct$ by ,le ,telli] 9 #afij4 ,?is portion is n[ occupi$ z a dwell+ by ! ar*bi%op4 ,at ! end ( ! fur!/ c\rty>d is ,! ,h\se ( ! ,k+s1 a truly gr& e/abli%m5t1 s call$ 9 ! (ficial docum5ts because x 0 ! logem5t ( ! mon>*s :o visit$ ! city on affairs ( /ate4 ,?is recalls to m9d n ! lea/ notable ( ! functions p]=m$ by ! great ca!dral itself4 ,) f\r exceptions all ! ,k+s ( ,france1 f ,clovis to ,*>les ,x41 "h fir/ ent]$ into _! k+ly /ate4 ,! mon>*s ( ,france 7 a long & picturesque l9e1 & ! c]emonies att5dant ^u _! coronations 7 accord+ly impos+ & magnific5t4 ,! culm9ation1 = !atrical spl5d\r & effect1 0 d\btless t ( ,*>les ,,vii41 :o1 ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ! ,maid1 "h came into 8 own4 ,x 0 a spl5did1 if gaudy1 pageant1 & ! mo/ memorable ev5t among t long s]ies :i* only end$ ) ! coronation ( ,*>les ,x4 9 #ahbc4 ,,"p ,,iii ,! ,ca!drals ( ! ,loire ,i ,,introductory ,! ,loire ,valley = its :ole l5g? may1 9 e s5se1 be well consid]$ ! divid+-l9e betwe5 nor!rn & s\!rn influ5ces4 ,! romance & s5tim5t :i* cradl$ itself "h c\ld only h emanat$ f ! m languid s\?1 & f va/ly diff]+ conditions to ^? ( ! cold] nor?4 ,! admiration usually be/[$ ^u ! attractions ( its dome/ic ar*itectural =ms is1 no d\bt1 fully m]it$2 albeit t ! ca!drals ( ^! weal?y & p[]ful communities are1 no "o c possibly d5y1 if n ( a mongrel type1 at lea/ ( a deg5]ate "o4 ,x is p]haps h>dly fair to note su* an expression )\t qualification :]e x is appli$ to ,/4 ,gati5 at ,t\rs1 :i* is really a delightfully picturesque /ructure2 or to ,/4 ,maurice1 at ,ang]s1 :i* is unique z to its *>m ( situation1 & "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ *ur*es any:]e to be f\nd4 ,b ! fact is t ! g5]al plan & design is n only op5 "h to mu* j criticism1 b is n ( ! ord] ( consi/5cy :i* alone entitles an ar*itectural monum5t to rank z truly great4 ,9 no in/ance1 f ,orleans to ,nantes1 are ! ca!drals ( ^! cities possess$ ( ! consi/5t array ( *>ms :i* w\ld entitle !m to a proportionate %>e ( ! admiration :i* is usually accord$ to ! great dome/ic e/abli%m5ts1 ! ,*ateaux ( ,blois1 ,*5onceau1 ,*ambord1 ,langeais1 or ,lo*es4 ,! climatic conditions ( ?is region h>dly m ?an intimate ! sugge/ion ( ! s\?l&1 b !re is to be se5 9 ! v9ey>ds1 & inde$ 9 ?+s t gr[1 g5]ally1 a notable t5d5cy t[>d a luxuriance t is n f\nd nor?w>d ( ?is valley4 ,productive1 prosp]\s1 influ5tial1 & possess$ ( hi/orical & s5tim5tal associations z a t\r+ gr\nd f> beyond any o!r section ( ,france1 ! ,valley ( ! ,loire at once takes rank z ! l& p> excell5ce :]e ! travell] c be sure ( a maximum ( pleasure & pr(it2 & "o wor?y 9 e way ( z prolong$ /udy & soj\rn z "o's possibilities & circum/ances w all[4 ,! t[ns gr\p !mselves naturally en suite 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,orleans1 ,blois1 ,t\rs1 ,ang]s1 & ,nantes1 & are s consid]$ 9 ! pages t foll[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ( ,/e ,,croix ,,orleans ,,ii ,,/4 ,,croix ,d',,orleans ,! association ( ,orleans1 9 ,engli% m9ds1 mo/ly re/s ^u ! ev5ts connect$ ) ! siege4 ,its hi/ory 9 ! pa/ has be5 ma9ly t ( bloody w>f>e & massacre4 ,z ! ,g5abum ( ,gallia1 x 0 burn$ by ,cs> 9 #eb ,b4 ,c4 9 rev5ge = a previ\s massacre ( ! ,romans4 ,by ,aurelian x 0 rebuilt & nam$ ,aurelianum1 ! prog5itor ( its pres5t nom5clature4 ,/4 ,aignan 9 #dea secur$ ! safety ( ! city to ! cause ( ,*ri/ianity by w>d+ (f ,attila's attack4 ,clovis captur$ x 9 #dih1 b at 8 dea? x became ! capital ( an indep5d5t k+dom :i* 0 aft]w>d1 9 #fac1 unit$ ) t ( ,p>is4 ,activities no less ext5sive or vivid foll[$1 till ! ,engli% besieg$ ! city 9 #adbi1 only retir+ be=e ! conqu]+ ho/s l$ by ! ,maid ( ,orleans on ! #g? ( ,may2 ! ,hugu5ots held x z a /ronghold "u ,coligny2 & latt]ly ! ,g]mans occupi$ x1 7 driv5 out1 & aga9 reoccupi$ x z a base 9 #ahgj-ga4 ,su*1 9 brief1 is a p>tial record ( its tr\bles & trials1 ) sc>ce a ref]5ce to a ,*ri/ian or religi\s motive1 if we except ,attila's unsuccessful attack & ,coligny's ,prote/ant f]v\r4 ,! almo/ leg5d>y "p play$ by ,jeanne d',arc %\ld suffice to impress indelibly ^u ! m9d ! *ief ev5t 9 connection ) any city ) :i* h] "n & fame 7 associat$4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury sev5 bi%ops 7 s5t out f ,rome1 to ext5d ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 to ,t\rs1 ,orleans1 ,t\l\se1 ,n>bonne1 ,p>is1 ,limoges1 & ,auv]gne2 ?\gh1 9 spite ( ! success ) :i* !y met1 & ! zeal ) :i* !y work$1 _! meet+s 7 *iefly held 9 ! h\ses ( _! m opul5t conv]ts1 & *ur* build+ at ! "t appe>s n to h be5 s mu* desir$ z ! dissem9ation ( ! ,^w itself4 ,s9ce its occupation by ! ,g]mans 9 '#ga1 great contra/+ elem5ts h sprung up4 ,n[h]e1 n ev5 9 ! up-to-date ,rh9e cities ( ,g]many1 is bett] exemplifi$ ! tr5d ( ! age 9 :i* we live4 ,!re are notable indications ( its mod]nity 9 ! ar*itecture ( public & private build+s1 _m /reets & b\lev>ds ( ! city be+ laid out anew & bisect+ ! old] portions4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,croix1 ( widely contra/+ /yles & eras1 =ms a pleas+ en\gh key-note to x all1 9 spite ( its g>i% crudities4 ,at its be/1 :5 view$ f ! bridge :i* spans ! well-nigh dry b$ ( ! ,loire1 x composes well ) :at is at all times a pleas+ prospect1 & is set (f to great advantage by ! fr+e ( gre5 b\lev>d along ! riv] bank1--a f9e en\gh sett+ = an ar*itectural monum5t ( :atev] rank1 be x new or old1 consi/5t or conglom]ate4 ,z = ! classification ( ! ar*itectural /yle ( ! ca!dral itself1 x is an unpr9cipl$ mixture ( compon5ts1 b little relat$ to ea* o!r4 ,! s\!rn influ5ce is app>5t1 alike 9 ! scanty rema9s ( ! ,romanesque1 & ! re/or$ ,r5aissance portions1 :ile ,go?ic peeps out "h & !re1 9 no mean proportions1 z ?\gh x 7 misplac$ & out ( its true environm5t4 ,! ca!dral1 :i* 0 de/roy$ 9 #aefg by ! ,hugu5ots1 9 spite ( ! admonitions ( ! ,conds1 is /ill visible 9 ! fragm5ts ( ! *oir aisles1 ! f\rte5?-c5tury *apels appe>+ to h be5 un9jur$4 ,?is mu* rema9s ( ! ,go?ic ( ,h5ry ,,iv4's "t4 ,! late sev5te5?-c5tury "w is a manife/ expression ( ! debasem5t ( ,go?ic1 & su* o!r additions z 7 made 9 ! reigns ( ! ,l\is c>ry ! vulg>ities /ill fur!r1 ! acme be+ rea*$ 9 ! pseudo-classical nor? & s\? por*es1 :i* are sepul*ral-look+ ( !mselves1 & n ev5 ( ! mo/ admir$ v>iety ( ! species4 ,! mo/ t c be rem>k$1 consid]+ all ! di/9ctive features1 is ! fact t ?is ca!dral is ! only ,go?ic *ur*1 s rank+1 t is n ( ,m$ival gr[?1 a fact :i* may well acc\nt = its unsatisfactory /yle4 ,! faade foll[s ! usual en\gh arrangem5t ( ?ree portals1 ?\gh v ugly ones1 flank$ by ris+ t[]s on ei!r side4 ,9 ?is case ^! doorways are ( ! nondescript v>iety commonly accept$ z base ,go?ic1 b h>dly w>rant+ ev5 su* a t]m ( ende>m5t4 ,!y are 9 fact flamboyant z to _! l9es1 ?\gh ( a rem>kable pov]ty z to fur!r embelli%m5t1 if we b> a s]ies ( misplac$ armorial blazon+s4 ,topp+ ! gables ( ! portals are a s]ies ( circul> ap]tures1 ) fram+ ( a sort1 b )\t glass1--a poor imitation ( :at a rose w9d[ might be at its wor/4 ,above is an arcad$ gall]y ( n9e graceful ar*es1 ! fir/ really attractive ornam5t ( ?is debas$ faade4 ,! t[]s1 f9i%$ s late z #aghi by ,m4 ,p>is1 ! k+'s ar*itect1 rise l(tily "s two hundr$ & eighty feet1 ) ranges ( slight columns & p]p5dicul> l9es1 :i* give ! gr& & impos+ effect ( height ( :i* ! ca!dral is und5iably possess$1 & :i*1 :5 view$ f d[n ! ,rue ,jeanne d',arc1 is )\t d\bt impressive1--f> m s ?an great] intimacy w su/a94 ,! nave1 ( a height ( "o hundr$ feet1 is flank$ by d\ble aisles1 & 9 appe>ance is e way sup]ior to ! ext]ior4 ,no rem>kable art treasures are to be se51 if we except a s]ies ( sculptur$ ,/ations ( ! ,cross b5ea? ! w9d[s1 & ! ,go?ic alt>s ( ! transepts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ( ,s4 ,,l\is ,,blois ,,iii ,,/4 ,,l\is ,,de ,,blois ,reg>dless ( ! s5tim5t :i* atta*es itself to ,blois by reason ( its magnific5t *ateau1 & 9 spite ( its und5iably picturesque & int]e/+ environm5t1 x h>dly takes suffici5t rank z a ca!dral city to w>rant m ?an a pass+ consid]ation4 ,z x is1 "o _c get f "u ! %ad[ ( its ov]p[]+ attraction1 &1 9 spite ( ! pov]ty & depress+ qualities ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,l\is1 p]haps no place 9 ! ,loire valley has m claim ^u ! att5tion ( ! en?usia/ic t\ri/4 ,! wond]ful *ateau is all t has be5 said ( x1 & m4 ,! picturesqu5ess ( ! city's /reets ( /airs1 & its g5]al up & d[n hill situation1 (f]+ *>m+ vi/as1 unique 9 a city ( ! nor?1 are1 except = its size1 really m sugge/ive ( ,g5oa or ,naples4 ,9 ! g5]al ensemble ( ! city1 ! ,loire is an attraction ( itself1 :5 view$ f across t wond]ful /one bridge1 ! fir/ public "w end[$ by ,l\is ,,xv4 ,b ev5 !n1 ! awkw>d & un9t]e/+ ca!dral does n ent] into ! view ) t livel9ess & impressiv5ess :i* we are wont to associate ) su* an environm5t4 ,9 %ort1 x mu/ be set d[n t 9 ! lack ( pleas+ qualities 9 its ca!dral1 is f\nd ,blois' greate/ disappo9tm5t4 ,! t\ri/ pur sang w c>e little ab\t ?is4 ,he usually ru%es 9 & out dur+ ! daylight1 & recalls b little except ! fasc9at+ /aircase ( ! *ateau attribut$1 z to its spiral =mation1 to ,da ,v9ci2 ! ornam5tal *imney-pieces2 & ! fact t hi/orical ev5ts ( ! pa/ h int]m+l$ inextricably ! gruesome /ories ( ! royal h\ses :i* bore respectively ! arms ( h$gehog & salam&]4 ,?is only1 ) p]haps ! memory t at "o "t or ano!r a c]ta9 ev5t took place involv+ ! use ( "s =ty odd dagg]s4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 x w\ld be an emb>rassm5t ( ri*es did ! t[n possess a ca!dral1 or ev5 o!r monum5ts1 to vie ) ?is spectacul> attraction :i*1 f e view-po9t realizes ! ideal ( our imag9ation1 z to j :at a *ateau & its hi/ory might be4 ,f ne> or f> ! ca!dral %[s no *>m ( outl9e4 ,its ridgepole is m>r$ by ?ree unusually obtrusive lightn+ conductors1 :i* c\ld h>dly h be5 m (f5sive _h !y be5 turn$ into ^? la?-l crosses :i* are se5 else:]e4 ,its t[] is a mon/rosity1 ) an egg-%ap$ protub]ance :i* is nei!r %apely nor impressive1 :ile ! s\!rn range ( ! nave & aisle1 :5 view$ lat]ally1 %[s a b>5ess & pov]ty ( design unusual & pa9ful4 ,! ensemble1 f ?is po9t1 is "o ( a c]ta9 impressiv5ess4 ,x c\ld h>dly be o!rwise1 ) ! situation :i* x comm&s1 ev5 7 x ! grosse/ ?+ t ev] took %ape 9 ar*itecture4 ,its irregul>ities & inconsi/5cies1 & ! great v>iety ( outl9e %[n by ! ro(-tops ( ! t[n1 p]haps1 make up 9 a measure = ! lack ( individual beauties 9 ! *ur* itself4 ,!re is ?is mu* to be said1 h[ev]1 = ! functions :i* ?is *ur* p]=ms4 ,if all 7 z mu* made use ( by ! m>ket-day peasants1 /ream+ 9 f ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 :o1 ) _! jugs1 m>ket-baskets1 & :at n1 9 _! h&s1 ent] ! build+1 say a %ort pray] or two1 & toddle out aga91 !re w\ld d\btless be few] *ur*es ) a pov]ty-/rick5 air & m ( a bett] & m prosp]\s class4 ,! great] "p ( ! ca!dral :i* orig9ally /ood on ?is site 0 de/roy$ dur+ ! ,revolution1 & t :i* 0 aft]w>d re>$ "h 0 m]ely a re/oration by ,mans>d1 :o1 x is to be presum$1 made su* use z 0 possible ( :at rema9$4 ,! int]ior1 mo/ w agree1 is no m rem>kable ?an ! ext]ior adornm5ts2 9 fact ! same paucity ( plan & ( detail appe>s f "o end to ! o!r1 inside & out4 ,! aisles are a/oni%+ly l[2 ! *oir & nave1 ea* unusually %ort4 ,!re are no transepts1 & !re is no tri=ium :atev]1 no *apels ( any rem>kable beauty1 & little glass t is ev5 passable4 ,on ! walls ( ! nave1 b5ea? ! l[ cl]e/ory w9d[s1 are a s]ies ( f\r c>v5 ,r5aissance m>ble panels1 ) o!r blanks sugge/+ ! ultimate addition ( simil> sepul*ral-look+ ornam5ts4 ,su*1 9 brief1 is a rsum ( ! attractions1 or r ! lack ( !m1 z x w /rike ! av]age p]son4 ,x is p]haps no small wond] t ! travell] :o desires to /udy ar*itectural =ms1 or to sket* !m1 %\ld pref] ! less holy prec9cts ( ! *ateau1 :]e e facility is (f]$ = ! pursuance !re(1 to t m bless$ gr\nd1 cov]$ by ! ca!dral1 :i* (f]s little en\gh 9 itself1 & t little "u a surveillance :i* makes "o regret t ! feudal times are n /ill ) u1--:5 we might v5t our sple5 & ang] ^u any :o (f5d u4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,gati5 de ,t\rs ,,iv ,,/4 ,,gati5 ,,de ,,t\rs ,! soi-disant prov9cial metropolis ( ,mr4 ,james' appreciative fav\r1 ! capital ( old ,t\ra9e1 is possess$ ( great & _m *>ms = ! seek] aft] new ?+s4 ,he may be passionately fond ( *ur*es2 if s1 ! tr9ity "h to be se51 & ! hi/ory ( _! f\nd]s & prelates1 & ! important "p :i* !y play$ 9 *ur* affairs1 w edify him greatly4 ,if romance fills 8 or h] m9d1 !re is no m conv5i5t c5tre ?an ,t\rs f :i* to d ! *teaux ( ! ,loire4 ,if x be ,fr5* hi/ory1 or ! /udy ( mod]n economic or comm]cial conditions1 ! pa/ activities & pres5t prosp]ity ( ! city w give mu* food = ?\ght4 ,if to lit]ature "o's m9d turns1 !re is ! association ) ,balzac's bir? 9 ! ,rue ,royale1 & 8 delightful pictur+s ( ! city's environm5t 9 ! ,cur de ,t\rs1 ,le ,lys dans la ,valle1 & ,la ,gr5adire4 ,says ,balzac ( ! habitant3 444,he is a li/less & unoblig+ individual4 ,b ! soj\rn] = a day w probably n notice ?is1 &1 if he %\ld1 mu/ simply make all[ance1 & ?9k ) ,h5ry ,james ( ! o!r memories ( ?is l& ( ,rabelais1 ,desc>tes1 & ,balzac2 ( good d9n]s1 good company1 & good h\ses4 ,to l9k ! city /ill clos] ) lett]s1 ! fir/ pr9t+-press 9 ,t\ra9e 0 set up "h 9 #adif4 ,nicolas ,j5s51 fam$ z ! =emo/ ,v5etian pr9t] ( 8 "t1 0 born 9 ! neighb\rhood & 0 at "o "t ,ma/] ( ! ,m9t at ,t\rs4 ,*ri/oph] ,plant91 ! head ( ! fam\s ,antw]p family ( pr9t]s1 likewise 0 born 9 ! ne>-by suburb ( ,/4 ,av]t9 prs ,t\rs4 ,climatically1 ,t\ra9e appe>s to l+] betwe5 ! rig\rs ( ! nor? & ! mildness ( ! s\?l&2 at lea/ we are consci\s ( ano!r atmosph]e1 made app>5t by su* evid5ces z palms & prunes gr[+ 9 ! op54 ,t\rs1 says h] hi/orian1 has ev] employ$ ! pure ,fr5* 9 h] spok5 & writt5 ^w2 patois & prov9cialisms h no place "h4 ,/4 ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs erect$ a *ur* "h1 9 hon\r ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,paul1 z a sort ( antidote to ! _m pagan temples :i* he _h caus$ to be de/roy$4 ,8 successors built sev]al o!rs r\nd ab\t ! city1 b !y appe> to h be5 all ( small size until1 9 ! fif? c5tury1 ,p]petus1 ,bi%op ( ,t\rs 9 ! reign ( ,*ild]ic1 caus$ to be built a m spl5did *ur* to replace t :i* ,briceius _h erect$ ov] ! tomb ( ,/4 ,m>t94 ,?is1 9 turn1 0 rebuilt by ! celebrat$ ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 or s ord]$ by him2 until f9ally 9 ! sev5? c5tury ! abbey *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs became a place ( pilgrimage = all ! ,turones4 ,to-day1 n\ght rema9s ( ?is great *ur* b ! two t[]s1 :i* h be5 bisect$ by ! runn+ ( a /reet ?r\gh\t ! old nave ( ! *ur*2 & ?us !y /& z sil5t s5t9els ( ! means ?r\gh :i* ,t\rs arose to its ecclesia/ical dignity4 ,! ,t\r ,/4 ,m>t9 or de l',horloge is ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & ! o!r1 call$ ! ,t\r de ,*>lemagne1 be+ ! burial-place ( 8 wife ,luitg>de1 is1 9 its l[] portions1 ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,gati51 :i* %\ld be greatly ende>$ to ! ,engli% p1 0 comm5c$ by ,h5ry ,,ii4 9 #aagj1 ! *oir be+ ! e>lie/ portion4 ,! transepts foll[$ 9 ! next c5tury1 & ! faade z late z ! fifte5?1 or ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5?1 c5tury4 ,( manife/ly ,r5aissance t5d5cy1 ?is faade = %e] *>m & picturesqu5ess mu/ rank ) ! be/1 ) ! qualify+ /atem5t add$ t x (f5ds aga9/ _m consi/5t arti/ic & ar*itectural pr9ciples4 ,x is c]ta9ly an effective type1 al?\gh p]haps n w>rant+ ! /atem5t ( a c]ta9 mon>*1 ^: art tra9+ may to "s degree h be5 want+1 t x 0 a jewel 9 a gemm$ sett+4 ,an exce$+ly picturesque & attractive pair ( t[]s rise1 ?r\gh no less ?an ?ree diff]5t /yles1 to ! inv]t$ egg-cups1 :i* 9 a pur] example might p]haps prove less pleas+1 b :i* 9 ! pres5t case seem at lea/ to be imbu$ ) some?+ ( ! ,ori5tal or ,m$it]ranean influ5ce1 n yet fall5 be=e ! actual decad5ce4 ,ano!r peculi>ity ( ?is *>m+ly ton$ we/ front is t ! rose w9d[ is ( a peculi> loz5ge %ape1 nei!r squ>e nor r\nd1 z "o au?ority puts x4 ,?is1 ( itself1 is decid$ly n a graceful arrangem5t2 b ! proportions are ample & ! glass is good1 s its defici5cies may 9 a measure be said to be ov]balanc$ by its m]its2 &1 = t matt]1 z x is only se5 9 its m9utia ( detail f ! inside1 :]e ! excell5t col\r$ glass is se5 at its be/1 x h>dly detracts f ! g5]al f9e effect ( ! ext]ior faade4 ,! we/]n doorways are ?or\ghly ,r5aissance1 bo? inside & out1 :ile ! portals !mselves (f] a livid sugge/ion z to :at !y might h be51 7 all ! b>e ni*es & blocks fill$ & m\nt$ ) wor?y /atues4 ,! effect w\ld h be5 an und5iable approa* to ! be/ matur$ ,go?ic1 & w\ld h enhanc$ greatly ?is already highly int]e/+ faade4 ,! buttresses ( ! *oir foll[ ! accept$ =ms ( grace & effectiv5ess1 &1 :ile n num]\s or rem>kable z to size1 ea* spr+s to a support+ pi] gracefully p9nacl$ & g>goyl$4 ,"o in/ance ( ! functions ( ?is valuable adjunct to ! t[]+ =ms tak5 by mo/ ,go?ic /ructures1 is a buttress :i* spr+s1 unsymmetrically en\gh1 f ! nor? transept4 ,?is r unga9ly limb flies out l ! t5tacles ( an octopus1 grasps a small build+ on ! opposite side ( a n>r[ roadway1 & =ms a support to ! irregul> con/ruction ( ! nor? transept4 ,?is 0 p]haps necess>y z a means ( brac+ ! transept wall1 :i* x might n h be5 possible to accompli% o!rwise4 ,! int]ior pres5ts ! unusual feature ( ! omission ( ! organ case f ov] ! we/]n doorway1 ! organ be+ 9 ?is in/ance 9 ! s\? transept1 z at ,le ,mans4 ,! wall space c5t]$ ^u ! nave prop] is entirely giv5 ov] to ! loz5ge-%ap$ rose1 :i*1 9 spite ( its r heavy fram+ & kaleidoscopic & pat*worky glass1 is )al effective beyond _m m gracefully =m$ op5+s1 :]e ! glass is ei!r too sev]ely pla91 or work$ into a suppos$ design1 :i*1 by reason ( its m9ute p>ticles1 is undeciph]able4 ,! design & arrangem5t ( a s]ies ( lancets support+ ! loz5ge w\ld be rem>kable1 7 x 9 company ) ! be/ glass ( ! middle ages4 ,x depicts an ,adoration 9 :i* k+s1 sa9ts1 & bi%ops are modell$ brilliantly1 & ) evid5ce ( mu* good draw+1 a detail (t5 want+ 9 old1 or1 = t matt]1 mod]n glass4 ,! glass ( ! *oir1 on ! o!r h&1 is f> bett] 9 arrangem5t1 & %[s deep1 ri* p>ticles :i* are only at _! be/ 9 ! "w ( ! e>ly p]iod "h %[n4 ,9 ?is glass are depict$ ! arms ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ,blan*e ( ,ca/ile1 & ( ! ,city ( ,t\rs4 ,! *oir itself wid5s out f ! cross+ ( ! transept1 caus+ t deviation betwe5 ! pi]s ( nave & *oir :i* made necess>y ! unga9ly fly+ buttress ( ! nor? wall4 ,! aisles ( ! nave are ( no great wid? & are fr+$ ) a s]ies ( *apels ( :i* only "o1 t ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t1 is 9 any way rem>kable4 ,! radiat+ *apels ( ! *oir are m int]e/+1 notably ! lady-*apel1 :i* conta9s old glass remov$ ?i!r f ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,juli51 ! subject ( "o ( ,turn]'s rhapsodies 9 8 ,se9e & ,loire4 ,! cl]e/ory ( ! nave consi/s ( pla9 glass only2 & on ! tri=ium alone1 ( exce$+ly graceful arcad$ columns1 dep5ds ! beauty ( ! upp] ranges4 ,! *ief treasure ( arti/ic value & mom5t is unque/ionably ! tomb ( ! *ildr5 ( ,*>les ,,viii4 & ,anne ( ,brittany1 by ^: e>ly dea?s ! ?rone pass$ to ! ,valois bran* ( ! ,orleans family4 ,?is rem>kable monum5t is ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury &1 accord+ to ! report ( ! ,commission des ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques1 is ! "w ( ,guillaume ,regnault1 a /atem5t :i* is mu* m likely to be correct ?an ! usual guide-book in=mation1 :i* 9 "s in/ances cr$its x to ,g\jon1 & 9 o!rs to a local appr5tice ( 81 nam$ ,ju/e4 ,on a ,r5aissance s>cophagus lie ! two t9y effigies1 9 :ite m>ble1 surr\nd$ by gu>dian angels & o!r symbolical figures4 ,! base be>s escut*eons ( ! ,dauph9s ( ,france1 ! arms & two inscriptions ref]r+ to ! pr9ces & _! bir?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fly+ ,buttress1 ,/4 ,gati5 de ,t\rs ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,maurice d',ang]s ,v ,,/4 ,,maurice ,d',,ang]s ,hi/orically & romantically1 ,ang]s1 ! =m] capital ( ,anj\1 is possess$ ( a pa/ 7:i* may be said to h actively comm5c$ 9 #ihi7 t _c fail to arre/ & hold "o's att5tion4 ,capital ( ! ,dukes ( ,anj\1 & ! home ( ,m>g>et ( ,anj\1 daught] ( ,r51 :o m>ri$ ,h5ry ,,vi4 ( ,engl&2 likewise ! cradle ( ! fir/ ,plantag5ets2 & immortaliz$ by ,%akespe>e's ,k+ ,john1 :o soliloquizes an5t ,! fl9ty ribs ( ?is contemptu\s t[n4 ,) all ?is1 ,ang]s has p]haps a supreme claim = ,engli% consid]ation4 ,9 spite ( all ?is1 & ! add$ attraction ( a real ca/le1 su* z is seldom f\nd outside ! *ildr5's fairy-tale books1 n to m5tion ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,maurice1--( :i* m anon1--,ang]s leaves "o ) ! impression t v mu* is want+ 9 ord] to m]it prem95ce 9 ! classification ( ^? memories :i* a travell] is wont to /ore up z a result ( 8 travels & obs]vations4 ,p]haps x is ! city's pitiful attempt to be gay1 to be mod]n1 to und]take pret5ti\s improvem5ts1--all ( :i* appe> to fail utt]ly 9 _! purpose4 ,^! ?+s _c be unless !y are ( a spontane\s gr[?1 :i* "h !y app>5tly are n4 ,n t ! city /ill m]its ! opprobri\s 7sic7 t]m ( ,black ,ang]s ) :i* mo/ writ]s & all mak]s ( guide-books are pleas$ to ref] to x1--x h>dly does4 ,9 fact x is d\btful z to j :at ! t]m orig9ally meant4 ,p]haps x 0 m]ely a ref]5ce to ! gloom caus$ by ! ext5sive use 9 ! con/ruction ( its build+s ( ! black slate 9 :i* ! neighb\rhood ab\nds2--at any rate ! expression is "o ( und\bt$ antiquity4 ,! two *ief attractions are ! ca!dral & ! ca/le1 bo? hi/orical monum5ts4 ,! latt]1 z be=e not$1 is ! ideal milit>y /ronghold ( our e>ly imag9ation2 & if age1 magnitude1 & ! g5]al air ( good pres]vation1 c\nt = any?+1 x mu/ be "o ( ! mo/ impressive monum5ts ( its class /ill to be se54 ,orig9ally its wall1 n[ m9us battlem5ts1 front$ close ^u ! riv]4 ,x is surr\nd$ by a dry yawn+ fosse1 =m]ly a moat1 & possesses no less ?an sev5te5 enorm\s & p]fectly =m$ t[]s1 ea* p]haps eighty feet 9 height1 b&$ ne> ! top 9 :ite & black /ripes4 ,h>dly m ?an a circl+ wall to-day1 x has /ood well ! te/ ( "t s9ce x 0 erect$ by ,philip ,augu/us & complet$ "u ,/4 ,l\is 9 #aahj4 ,little rema9s ( ! ,r5aissance portion orig9ally occupi$ by ! ,c\nts ( ,anj\4 ,its *>m lies r 9 its ext]ior1 ! int]ior conf9es resembl+ m a lumb]-y>d ?an any?+ else1--n wor? sp5d+ "o's "t ^u1 "u ! pres5t facilities :i* are (f]$ = its inspection4 ,"o small /ructure )9 ! walls is notable z be+ t 9 :i* ,k+ ,r5 0 born4 ,x is record$ t ,well+ton receiv$ a "p ( 8 milit>y education 9 ,ang]s4 ,if s1 x is probable t he /udi$ ?is milit>y def5ce ) "s c>e & m9ut5ess4 ,to u1 at lea/1 :o h n be5 educat$ ) respect to milit>y =tification1 x seems to fill all dem&s t are likely to be made ^u a build+ ( its class4 ,d\btless x c\ld h be5 besieg$ successfully1 & ev5 batt]$ ?r\gh to ! ext5t ( all[+ ! outside foe to ent]1 b x w\ld probably h be5 at a fe>ful co/1 & x is possible t ! attempt w\ld be giv5 up be=e any surr5d] took place4 ,su* w\ld appe> to an outsid] to be ! l9es on :i* ^! magnific5t works ( feudal times 7 built4 ,"o %\ld n speak slight+ly ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,maurice1 ?\gh x comes ^u "o :o j\rneys f ! nor?1 z a ?+ ap>t f any?+ he has met be=e2 s mu* s t he is h>dly likely to be able to judge x dispassionately until he has turn$ 8 impressions ( x _m times ov] 9 8 m9d4 ,! ,angev9e /yle1 se5 "h1 is repres5tative ( b a v re/rict$ area4 ,! ,socit des ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques def9$ x z a small di/rict on bo? sides ( ! ,loire betwe5 ,norm&y & ,acquita9e4 ,x is sugge/ive ( ! ,roman mann]1 f> m ?an ! ,go?ic2 ?\gh ! primitiv5ess %[n 9 ! long1 upright l9es ( ! we/ front ( ?is ca!dral m>ks x at once z some?+ diff]5t f ei!r ,romanesque or ,transition1--?\gh ,transition x mu/ be1 unless we delimit ! conf9es ( t useful t]m4 ,9 any case1 x po9ts unto heav5 9 a truly dev\t mann]1 is n debas$ 9 any p>ticul>1 &1 if n a consi/5t /yle1 has _m ( ! good qualities ( bo?4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,maurice is be/ se5 f a po9t ( view :i* w exagg]ate its height1 its slimness1 & its /raight & upright l9es2 b ev5 ?is does n appe> to "w out to its disadvantage1 9 spite ( ! new note x /rikes4 ,x is an int]e/+ "w :5 view$ f any di/ance suffici5t to ?r[ its outl9e well into ! air4 ,f across ! ,ma9e1 x is *>m+2 f ! foot ( ! /airway$ /reet :i* runs d[nw>ds f its we/]n portal1 x is picturesque & irresi/ible1 :ile f any o!r view-po9t 9 ! t[n1 x is gr&4 ,! ea/]ly end is dw>f$ by close-ly+ h\ses1 picturesque en\gh 9 !mselves2 b ! gracefulness ( ! buttress is want+4 ,! s\? side is1 "h & !re1 brok5 into by additions & int]polations1 none app>5tly ( a contempor>y era4 ,x (f]s a gr& effect = an arti/ :o w\ld /udy gray walls & crumbl+ ro(s1 b ! lack ( uni=mity w (f5d mo/ p4 ,! faade ( ! we/ is ! mo/ effective feature1 s f> z g5u95ess is conc]n$4 ,x t[]s to ! sky1 its ne$le-po9t$ spires ov]topp+ a crook$ /reet :i* rises %>ply f ! riv]4 ,!re is b "o portal1 & t is c5tr$ ) a curi\s ,romanesque ar* half-way across its height1 above :i* is a bas-relief ( great size4 ,! sculpture ( ?is portal1 :ile n z excell5t z t se5 9 ! ,isle ( ,france1 is ( an unusual ri*ness & execution4 ,! next range is unique among we/ fronts1 be+ a l>ge c5tral w9d[1 b slightly po9t$ & little remov$ f ! ,romanesque4 ,x is b>e ( col\r$ glass1 & is decid$ly n an attractive feature4 ,on ea* side ( ?is great w9d[ are a s]ies ( blunt po9t$ lancets1 :i* =m a sort ( arcade :i* o!rwise relieves ! b>5ess :i* w\ld exi/4 ,imm$iately above is a r[ ( ni*es :i* hold eight arm\r-clad knights ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 inf]ior p]haps1 9 execution1 to ! sculpture ( ! portal1 b produc+ an effect1 :5 view$ f ! gr\nd1 und5iably f9e4 ,x is a detail z int]e/+1 9 its way1 z ! long ,gall]y ( ! ,k+s at ,reims4 ,above rise ! slim spires1 ) an octagonal cupola sup]impos$ ov] a c5tral /ructure1 :i* looks to ?is day z ?\gh x 7 orig9ally int5d$ z "o ( a batt]y ( ?ree uni=m spires4 ,! g5]al plan ( ?is faade is ! ma/]piece ( design ( ! build+1 &1 except = ! ludicr\sly dim9utive clock-face1 c\ld )/& nobly ! cavil ( ! mo/ exact+ p$ant :o ev] read or /udi$ ar*itectural =ms1 solely out ( books4 ,9 ! imm$iate =egr\nd falls ! be=e m5tion$ /reet ( /eps4 ,_m old tumble-d[n h\ses h rec5tly be5 cle>$ away1 &1 at ! pres5t writ+1 ! view f ?is po9t is "o :i* has app>5tly n previ\sly exi/$1 & "o :i* x is to be hop$ w n be m>r$ by ! erection ( any s-call$ mod]n improvem5ts4 ,! int]ior fills no accept$ =mula ( ar*itectural expression1 save t x is ( ! mann] common to ,anj\1 ! bord]l& betwe5 ! ,go?ic aisl$ & ! great & aisle-less s\!rn naves1 b x holds "o's int]e/ none ! less4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 x is ! quality to int]e/1 q z mu* z t to please1 :i* is ! /&>d by :i* "o makes e/imates & =ms op9ions4 ,!re is a n v long nor v wide nave & *oir1 nei!r ) aisles1 & bo? ) a vault+ :i* gives ! appe>ance ( be+ mu* l[] ?an x really is1 q ! contr>y impression to t receiv$ f contemplation ( ! ext]ior4 ,! bi%op's ?rone sets midway on ! "r ( ! nave4 ,ea* bay ( ! side walls ( ! nave is compos$ ( a wide po9t$ ar* re/+ imm$iately ^u ! gr\nd & fill$ ) /one in/ead ( glass2 rem9isc5t ( a simil> effect 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,notre ,dame de la ,cloture at ,le ,mans4 ,! true w9d[s ( ! nave rise 9 pairs above ?is ar*1 & conta9 ri*1 ?\gh some:at fragm5t>y1 glass ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,z *>act]i/ic ( ! ,angev9e /yle1 !re is no tri=ium or cl]e/ory1 & h5ce1 x is claim$1 no necessity = fly+ buttresses1 ! support be+ accompli%$ by less graceful1 if z effective1 heavy squ>e pi]s built into ! out] wall4 ,! transepts are n pron\nc$ z to l5g? or bread?1 _! *ief beauty be+ _! rose w9d[s4 ,! *oir1 ( ! twelf? c5tury1 %[s an int]polat$ & elaborately flamboyant doorway ( a mu* lat] p]iod4 ,an ornate oak5 pulpit ( none too good ,r5aissance c>v+ is 9 ! nave1 & ! organ case ov] ! we/]n doorway is support$ on ! %\ld]s ( a s]ies ( huge1 grotesque1 b mon/r\sly human1 wood5 c>yatides4 ,?is1 ) ! gigantic1 high canopi$ c>v5 wood pulpit1 "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y 9 ! c\ntry1 =ms a relief to coldly *isell$ /one1 c]ta9ly2--b few w consid] _! *>ms su* z w\ld w>rant c\nt+ !m among/ ecclesia/ical treasures4 ,! f\rte5?-c5tury tape/ries f ,arras 7or ,p>is7 7 made = ,k+ ,r5 & by him giv5 to ! ca!dral4 ,!y repres5t sc5es f ! ,apocalypse1 &1 ?\gh hav+ suff]$ some:at f ! depr$ations ( ! ,revolution1 /ill exhibit evid5ces ( r>e qualities ( workman%ip 9 _! design & col\r+4 ,! bniti] ( v]d-antico m>ble support$ by figures ( lions is a ,byzant9e "w ( ! ea/]n empire1 giv5 to ! ca!dral by ,k+ ,r54 ,! ,dukes ( ,anj\ & ,m>g>et ( ,anj\ 7 buri$ "h1 b ! tomb ( ! latt] 0 desecrat$ & de/roy$ dur+ ! ,revolution4 ,aside f ^!1 no o!r monum5ts ( note are to be se54 ,! ,bi%op's ,palace1 ( ! twelf? c5tury1 /&+ high beside ! ca!dral1 0 re/or$ by ,viollet-le-,duc & reflects a m$ival spl5d\r unse5 else:]e 9 ! city1 ) respect to any great or small dome/ic e/abli%m5t4 ,! ,maison ,b>rault 9 ! ,logis ,b>rault1 built by a =m] mayor ( ! city1 "o "t ,*ancellor ( ,brittany1 0 ! sc5e ( ! magnific5t ent]ta9m5t (f]$ ,cs> ,borgia 9 #adig4 ,aft]w>ds x became ! resid5ce ( ,m>ie de ,m$icis2 lat]1 a mona/ic e/abli%m5t1 !n a sem9>y1 & lately simply an ord9>y private s*ool4 ,says "o writ]1 ,no wond] its rema9s %\ld be s scanty & ill pres]v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,,pi]re ,,nantes ,,vi ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,nantes ,z a city ( comm]cial & /rategic importance1 no "o w d5y t ,nantes is supreme 9 ! ,loire valley2 t its relations ) ! affairs ( ,*ur* & ,/ate are equally important1 is a debatable po9t4 ,true1 ! edict 9 fav\r ( ,prote/ant wor%ip1 fa!r$ by ,h5ry ,,iv41 0 a mom5t\s & significant ev5t2 b ! revocation1 & ! subsequ5t massacres ( ! rascally ,c>ri]1 well-nigh wip$ t out4 ,! hi/ory ( ! city is "o long record ( w>f>e & blood%$4 ,?\gh hold+ ! comm& ( ! ,loire1 ! city has ev] be5 m closely id5tifi$ ) ,brittany4 ,"h1 9 its fr[n+ t5?-c5tury ca/le1 :i* fronts ^u ! riv] imm$iately 9 ! =egr\nd ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 ) :i* x =ms an unusual gr\p+ ( ecclesia/ical & milit>y ar*itecture 7,m4 ,h471 liv$ at "o "t or ano!r1 mo/ ( ! ,k+s ( ,france1 f ,*>les ,,viii4 d[nw>d4 ,"h1 too1 ,anne ( ,brittany 0 born1 & "h %e m>ri$ ,*>les ,,viii41 ?us unit+ ! ,du*y ( ,brittany ) ! cr[n ( ,france4 ,h] subsequ5t m>riage1 9 ! *apel ( ! ca/le1 ) ,l\is ,,xii41 made = ev] impossible ! future indep5d5ce ( ! city4 ,foll[+ ! edict came ! ,revolution2 &1 z if ! prelim9>y horrors ( massacres & atrocities1 :i* spread to ,orange 9 ,vaucluse & to ,arras 9 ,pic>dy1 7 n ( suffici5t /r+5cy1 ! ,noyades1 or dr[n+s1 c>ri$ (f ! poor un=tunates1 a boatload at a "t1 until x is e/imat$ t p]haps n9e ?\s& 7 ?us cruelly murd]$1--wom51 *ildr51 royalty1 & ! cl]gy alike4 ,! wra? :i* sp5t itself seem$ to "k no rank4 ,! guillot9e1 disease1 & fam9e f9i%$ ! "w1 s t ! population ( ! city 01 at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 immeasurably inf]ior 9 numb]s to :at x _h be5 a decade be=e4 ,! details ( ^! significant ev5ts are rec\nt$ q fully en\gh by hi/orians g5]ally2 b1 9 reality1 x has little to d ) ! aspect ( ! city z x exi/s to-day1 :i*1 if n "o ( great spl5d\r1 p>takes 9 no small measure ( ! attributes ( a l>ge metropolis1 amply plann$1 beautifully laid out1 & possess+1 9 addition to ! *>act]i/ics ( ,brittany ) :i* x has be5 s long id5tifi$1 n a little ( ! influ5ces & attributes ( ! s\?4 ,imm$iately to ! re> ( ! *ateau is ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 anci5t z to its f\ndation1 & gr& z to its g5]al effect1 bo? inside & out1 ?\gh its ext]ior is m>r$ by its uncomplet$ t[]s4 ,l(ty1 b ( heavy proportions1 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,nantes w\ld1 at fir/ sight1 appe> to (f] mu* t goes to make a satisfy+ ecclesia/ical build+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x fails 9 _m p>ticul>s to realize any ideal :i* we h come to admire4 ,! we/]n faade is m indebt$ to ! ri* & reasonably ornate portals = its und5iable impressiv5ess1 ?an to ! gable ( t[]s1 :i* h crumbl$ exce$+ly f ! effects ( w9d & wea!r1 r ?an ( great age1 s9ce !y date only f ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! *oir re/s on ! rema9s ( an old] *ur*1 h>dly to be se5 to-day 9 any appreciable evid5ce1 9 t re/oration & rebuild+ h be5 s ext5sively c>ri$ on4 ,! w9d[s ?r\gh\t are b weak decorative elem5ts1 & lack trac]y & glass ( a decorative quality1 an obvi\s detraction 9 any great ar*itectural "w4 ,! s\? transept %[s indications ( f\r successive p]iods ( con/ruction1 & conta9s ! be/ glass 9 ! *ur*2 o!rwise x is sev]ely pla94 ,! int]ior is by no means z incoh]5t z ! ext]ior1 ! height ( ! nave1 "o hundr$ & ?irty feet1 giv+ an o!rwise unapproa*able gr&eur2 ?\gh ?is admirable dim5sion is qualifi$ to no small degree by a tri=ium ( a luxuri\s florid gr[?1 little 9 keep+ ) ! o!r attributes ( firmness & /r5g?4 ,! *apels ?r\gh\t are b>e & un9t]e/+ s f> z _! alt>s or decorative embelli%m5ts are conc]n$1--:at !y may be at "s future "t1 if ! ,art ,n\veau gets a foo?old 9 *ur* decoration1 is fe>ful to contemplate4 ,pa9t+s1 none too common 9 ,fr5* *ur*es1 are "h some:at 9 excess ( cu/om>y numb]s1 ?\gh1 z to quality or int]e/1 9 no *ur* 9 ,france c !y vie ) ^? ( ! great *ur*es ( ,italy or ,fl&]s4 ,l ! neighb\r+ city ( ,t\rs1 ,nantes has 9 its ca!dral1 = its pice de rsi/ance1 a magnific5t sepul*ral monum5t1 ! tomb ( ,franois ,,ii41 ! la/ ,duc de ,bretagne1 & ,m>gu]ite de ,foix1 8 second wife1 erect$ to _! memory by _! daught] ,anne4 ,?is rem>kable mausoleum 0 execut$ 9 #aejb-jg1 aft] designs ( ,jehan ,p]ral1 by ,mi*el ,colomb & 8 pupils1 ,regnault & ,jean de ,*>tres1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,jrme de ,fiesole1 :o contribut$ ! ornam5tal portion4 ,x =tunately escap$ demolition at ! ,revolution1 & 0 br\ght hi!r & plac$ 9 ! s\? transept f ! ,eglise des ,c>mes 9 #ahag4 ,x is a wond]ful exemplification ( ! v be/ quality ( ,r5aissance4 ,! ma9 portion ( ! tomb is ( m>ble1 ) black m\ld+s some:at %att]$ 9 places1 b n s mu* s z to affect ! cont\r or design4 ,! effigies lie recumb5t ^u a slab1 _! feet re/+ on a lion & a greyh\nd1 upheld by a s]ies ( m9iature figures ( ! twelve apo/les 9 ni*es ( r$ m>ble4 ,at ! corn]s are f\r ne>ly life-size figures1 depict+ ,ju/ice1 ) sword & scales1 said to be a portrait ( ! ,du*ess ,anne2 ,p[]1 /rangl+ ! dragon ( ,h]esy2 ,prud5ce1 a d\ble face1 %[+ also ,wisdom1 ) mirror & compass2 & ,temp]ance1 be>+ a curb-bit & a lant]n4 ,a tablet at ! head be>s ! figures ( ,/4 ,l\is & ,*>lemagne1 & "o at ! foot1 ^? ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi & ,/e4 ,m>gu]ite1 ! patrons ( ! duke & du*ess4 ,,"p ,,iv ,c5tral ,france ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,eti5ne d',,aux]re ,i ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,d',,aux]re ,! entrance to ! ,burgundian city ( ,aux]re is m or less confus$ if "o w\ld1 at ! fir/ glance1 attempt to recognize its ca!dral f among ! ?ree f9e *ur*es :i* 9 true m$ival fa%ion loom up ov] ! riv] ,yonne2 n t ! entrance is n pleas+3 ! rev]se is actually ! case1 ?\gh "o's way into ! t[n lies ?r\gh newly made roads4 ,h[ev]1 ^u contemplation ( ! pleasant prospect ( t[n & riv]1 he w\ld be an un9spir$ p]son inde$ :o w\ld n be able to pick out ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,eti5ne1 ) its s+ul> r$di% br[n ro(1 f among its less impos+ neighb\rs4 ,x is ! c5tral build+ ( ! ?ree1 & x rises maje/ically above all1 enhanc$ by ! f9e gr\p+ ( its "o lone t[]4 ,z a type to admire1 ! ca!dral1 be x said1 is n ( a sup]lative quality2 b z a ?+ ( beauty 9 _m ( its details & because ( its a=esaid comm&+ situation1 x is "o n to be ignor$ :5 ! really f9e gems ( m$ival treasures are catalogu$4 ,x is ano!r ( ^? types1 s f> z its *oir is conc]n$1 :i* rise to a l(t9ess ( so>+ height1 :i*1 9 lat] days1 deg5]at$1 or 7 lo/ altoge!r 9 ! fabric ( ! transepts & nave4 ,! height ( ! *oir is p]haps n s great z x really appe>s1 :5 gaug$ by its %e] rise f ! riv] level2 b su* is ! sugge/ion1 at lea/1 :i*1 aft] all1 is :at ! eye & c]ta9 o!r ( our s5ses admire1 q z mu* z a pr(ess$ exp]t classification4 ,! we/]n front is ( unusual appe>ance 9 t ! s\!rn t[] glances (f into ! angle ( ! gable 9 mo/ curi\s fa%ion2 n beautiful1 nor z orig9ally int5d$ to rema91 b s x is1 & (f]s at lea/ a comp>ison ( h[ a l(ty gable looks :5 x lacks t[]s ( an appropriate height4 ,at ! "r ( ?is l[ t[] ( ! faade1 hidd5 beh9d a wall1 is a ?or\ghly ,pagan doorway1 :i* might well pass unobs]v$1 did "o n actually /umble ^u x unaw>es4 ,x is a curi\s rem9d] ( o!r days & o!r ways1 & h[ x became an adjunct ( ?is m$ival *ur* ! local records fail to /ate4 ,! ?ree ma9 portals ( ! faade1 z t ( ! transept1 are some:at b>e ( ornam5t1 ?\gh ! ma9 tympanum & ! spr+ ( ! ar* are fairly fill$4 ,^! portals are ( ! late ?irte5? c5tury1 & exhibit no traces ( ! debasem5t :i* subsequ5tly ent]$ into ! upp] ranges ( ! t[] & lat]al portals4 ,bo? ! transepts & ! we/ front conta9 rose w9d[s ( good1 ?\gh n rem>kable design1 & ea* is exce$+ly g5]\s 9 size4 ,! int]ior1 g5]ally1 does n give ! effect ( ! great height sugge/$ f ! re> view ( ! *oir ov]hang+ ! riv] front2 b bo? nave & *oir are ( unusual wid?1 & s also is ! cl]e/ory1 :i* is l(ty1 & set ) r>e old glass ( ! mo/ spl5did & valuable quality1 9 ! ma9 ! gift ( ,bi%op de ,vill5euve 9 #abbj4 ,! *oir t]m9ates ) ! usual apse1 :i* is fur!r elongat$ by ! f>-rea*+ lady-*apel1 :i* adjo9s ! ma9 fabric 9 a graceful & unusual mann]4 ,! nor? t[] 0 complet$ z late z ! sixte5? c5tury1 & t ( ! s\? 0 left unf9i%$1--z x is to-day4 ,! gable & its portals are highly decorat$ ) /atues1 ni*es1 & crockets4 ,ar\nd ! aisles ( nave & *oir is a curi\sly sugge/$ arcade ) an ov]hang+ balu/rade ornam5t$ ) a s]ies ( indiff]5tly sculptur$ heads4 ,! bosses ( _m ( ! int]sect+ gro9s ( ! vaults are col\r$ ) que/ionable effect4 ,!re are also _m visible evid5ces ( col\r$ wall decorations1 :i* might p]haps z well h be5 left cov]$1 inasmu* z !y h suff]$ exce$+ly 9 ! attempt$ re/oration2 s mu* s1 t x is impossible to say :e!r !y ev] approa*$ acceptable p]fection2 possibly n1 z !y are suppos$ to date only f ! p]iod :5 mu* ( ?is class ( "w 0 ( none too good a quality4 ,! tri=ium ( ! nave is gracefully balu/rad$1 & ! *oir /&s ap>t f ! nave1 sep>at$ by an elaborate eighte5? c5tury iron grille4 ,! ambulatory ( ! *oir sets ?ree /eps l[] ?an ! nave1 ?\gh ! plat=m is on ! same level4 ,! crypt b5ea? ! *oir1 s (t5 ! only exi/+ rema9s ( an e>li] *ur*1 is "h gr&ly 9 evid5ce1 & dates f ! elev5? c5tury at lea/4 ,!re are a few int]e/+ tombs ( =m] ,bi%ops ( ,aux]re & o!rs ( local celebrity4 ,on ! :ole ! *>m ( ,aux]re & its ca!dral mu/ be admitt$ to lie 9 its g5]al surr\nd+s & imm$iate environm5t1 q z mu* z because ( any rem>kably di/9ctive features ( a sup]lative quality 9 ! ca!dral itself1 ?\gh an und5iable weal? ( picturesque detail exi/s4 ,! conv5tional guides speak ( x z highly int]e/+1 & s x is1 ) its ,romanesque rema9s1 its unga9ly faade1 its ?ree f9e b wea!r-worn doorways1 & its *>m+ riv] view4 ,beside ! ca!dral /&s ! old-"t ,episcopal ,palace ) its f9e arcad$ ,romanesque gall]y ov]look+ ! riv]1 :]e ! prelates took _! con/itutionals1 safely gu>d$ f w9d & wea!r4 ,to-day ?is gr& build+ repres5ts ! (ficialdom ( ! local ,prfecture4 ,two o!r noble ecclesia/ical monum5ts are to be se5 "h1 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g]ma91 or r1 ! fragm5t :i* 0 sp>$ by ! ,hugu5ots1 n[ be+ us$ z an adjunct to a hospital2 & ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pi]re4 ,! latt] is ! mo/ appall+ example ( a ,r5aissance build+ :i* "o is likely to meet )1 & %[s 9 its rem>kable faade1 9 %e] p]v]sion ( misdirect$ lab\r1 ! grossness ( pseudo-classicism1 :i* q entitles x to rank ) t o!r equally abom9able example 9 ,p>is1 ,/4 ,eu/a*e4 ,! portail ( ?is rem>kable *ur*1 locally s call$1 ?\gh 9 reality x is only a deta*$ gateway1 f> f ! *ur* build+ itself1 is a wond]ful ,italian sugge/ion1 n[ mell[$ & wea!r$ & und5iably *>m+ 9 col\r 9 spite ( its be+ s manife/ly out ( its environm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,b\rges ,,ii ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,b\rges ,! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,b\rges p>takes ( ! same hon\rs :i* are accord$ to ! premi] qu>tette ( ! ,isle ( ,france4 ,ne>ly contempor>y ) ,p>is & ,laon1 ?is ca!dral /eps into its rank ) a gr&eur & firmness t 9 a less /olid or m ornate edifice is (t5 want+4 ,x reta9s c]ta9 ( its ,romanesque features1 p]haps unduly pron\nc$2 likewise x has c]ta9 attributes ( ,burgundian luxuriance2 b )al x pres5ts ! highly develop$ ,go?ic t5d5cy to a f> great] degree ?an ei!r4 ,al?\gh n f> to ! s\? ( ,p>is1 ,b\rges is ?or\ghly ( ano!r climatic environm5t1 :i* n only %[s itself 9 ! *ang$ conditions ( life1 b 9 ! mann] ( build+ z well4 ,! great transeptless *ur* ( ,/4 ,eti5ne is ano!r ( ^? so>+ monum5ts :i* rise skyw>d & hold ! eye :5ev] "o is 9 its vic9ity4 ,/&+ on an em95ce ( n v great height1 x dom9ates1 f e po9t ( view1 ! pla9 :i* surr\nds ! city & rem9ds "o ( ,noyon or ,laon 9 its comp>ative isolation4 ,n because its domicile is n a place ( "s magnitude1 b r because ! neighb\r+ h\ses lie s huddl$ 9 a valley or pla91 does ! city give ! impression ( be+ ( less size ?an x really is4 ,! view f ! railway on ent]+ ! t[n is1 z x has be5 call$ by "s imag9ative ,fr5*man1 b ! hors d'oeuvre ( ! ar*itectural fea/ to foll[1 & on draw+ /ill clos]1 x composes gr&ly ) ! swift-fl[+ little riv] l9$ ) ! tall slim trees :i* are s di/+ui%$ a feature ( a ,fr5* l&scape4 ,l ,beauvais1 ,ami5s1 &1 9 only a slightly less] degree1 ,le ,mans1 ! %e] fall ( ! nave & *oir f ridge to gr\nd />tles "o by its exagg]ation ( p]p5dicul> l9es4 ,?\gh by no means ( ! great height ( ^! o!r examples1 its great size fir/ impresses "o z its di/+ui%+ feature4 ,x sits1 too1 on ! edge ( a beautiful wood$ p>k :i*1 9 conjunction ) ! mod]n ,episcopal ,palace1 =ms an ensemble ( /one & v]dure n (t5 to be se5 z ! environm5t ( a ,fr5* ca!dral4 ,! g>d5s are q op5 to ! public & are set =? ) clipp$ h$ges1 trees1 & monum5tal /one "w ( no mean ord]4 ,b\rges is ano!r ( ^? anci5t f\ndations ( mid-,france :]e ,romi% influ5ces di$ h>d1 & ,go?ic1 z a p]fect$ type1 nev]1 z x 71 atta9$ its majority4 ,"h1 ! mixture ( /yle is notable2 po9t$ & r\nd$ ar*es int]m+l$1 app>5tly indiscrim9ately1 ) ?or\ghly ,go?ic supports1 mullions1 & pi]s4 ,^!1 ) ! *>act]i/ically ,r5aissance nor? & s\? por*es1 ) _! c>v5 doorways1 all g to complete a s]ies ( typically fa%ion$ details1 ea* true to its own age4 ,su* a comb9ation ( v>y+ virtues %\ld give ! /ud5t1 or ! seek] aft] new s5sations1 some?+ m to ?9k ab\t ?an a m]e catalogue ( consi/5t *>ms2 = x _c be d5i$ t ?is *ur*1 /&+ alo( f any o!r s+le type1 is a m>vel ( gr&eur & impressiv5ess1 :atev] may be its fail+s :5 dessicat$ by ! !ori/ or ! ar*ologi/4 ,x is unlikely t ,s>ac5 or ev5 ,moori% influ5ces 7 ev] at "w s f> nor? z ?is2 b !re is an unque/ionable t5d5cy 9 mu* ( ! debas$ decoration ( ?is *ur* to m ?an sugge/ a simil>ity to bo?4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 n ,go?ic1 z we "k x1 nor ,byzant9e1 pur sang1 & x is c]ta9ly n ,italian1 b some?+ q diff]5t4 ,x is1 p]haps1 wor?y ( record t ! inv]t$ horse%oe ar* m ne>ly approximates :at is commonly consid]$ ! ,moori% =m2 or1 to give x a wid] locale1 ,m$it]ranean1 at lea/4 ,! polygonal turrets :i* flank ! t[]s & ! *apels ( ! abside look1 too1 n unlike a sub-tropical feature1 possibly ,s>ac54 ,su* details are m>k$ly noticeable "h1 & x is because ( features su* z ^! t "o is m9d$ to consid] ! *ur* z some?+ q diff]5t f any?+ se5 else:]e4 ,to c>ry ! argum5t /ill f>!r1 if ^! details are to be consid]$ 9 any s5se ,go?ic1 or any outgr[? !re(1 x c]ta9ly augurs mu* = ! possibility ( ?is /yle hav+ come orig9ally f ! ,ea/1 or at lea/ ! ,m$it]ranean c\ntries4 ,x has be5 claim$ be=e n[ by ,engli% & ,fr5* writ]s alike1 t x may h develop$ f ! arts ( ! ,moors ( ,spa91 or t x may h gr[n up f a primitive /yle 9 vogue 9 ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,! comm5t is giv5 )\t fur!r elaboration2 b "h1 at lea/1 we see "s basis = ! claim t ,go?ic is b a transplant$ fl[] aft] all1 & t x develop$ s boldly only f ! se$'s hav+ be5 bl[n hi!r f "s o!r l&1 & f9d+ a fav\rable soil 9 :i* to take root & fl\ri%4 ,)\t transepts1 ! long flank ( ! nave & *oir is s+ul>ly beautiful1 brok5 into at regul> int]vals by buttresses :i*1 if n rem>kable examples1 are at lea/ graceful1 ?\gh s light t !y h be5 visibly /ay$ by iron rods1 z is frequ5tly ! case else:]e1 at ,beauvais p>ticul>ly1 :]e ! :ole fabric appe>s to be hung toge!r by wires4 ,! actual inception ( ! ca!dral is attribut$ to ,rudolphe de ,tur5ne1 =ty-six? ,ar*bi%op ( ,b\rges4 ,( 8 kn[n "w only ! r\nd-ar*$ crypt rema9s1 ^u :i* f\ndation ! pres5t gr& pile 0 re>$4 ,! we/ front possesses a qu9tette ( portals1 deeply recess$1 b ( a decid$ly mix$ ,go?ic & ,r5aissance treatm5t z to decoration4 ,su* a range ( elaborat$ doorways is h>dly to be f\nd 9 su* luxuriance else:]e1 ?\gh ! fact t !re are five 9 all1 /&+ gr&ly 9 a r[1 is p]haps n unique ( itself4 ,!y are pr(usely decorat$ ) sculptur$ =ms ( angels1 sa9ts1 & k+s4 ,! tympanum ( ! c5tral portal conta9s a ,la/ ,judgm5t1 rem>kable alike = its magnitude & workman%ip4 ,?r\gh\t1 ^! portals v>y 9 date ( _! con/ruction1 _! treatm5t1 & _! excell5cies1 b 9 g5]al !y are homog5e\s & conv9c+4 ,9 ! gables ( ?ree are circul> pi]c+s :i* op5 into a sort ( ve/ibule or por*2 b ^! are entirely )\t glass4 ,ano!r unique feature ( ?is we/]n front is a curi\s l(ty d\ble-/ori$ /ructure1 a *apel-l build+1 ( ^: functions mo/ w rema9 9 ignorance4 ,x is connect$ ) ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* by a long t5tacle-l ligature ?r\gh :i*1 says ,h5ry ,james1 ! groan+ ( ! organ or ! peal+ ( bells mu/ be transmitt$ ) di/ress+ cle>ness4 ,! hybrid t[] on ! extreme left1 ) _m r\nd-ar*$ w9d[s & mu* florid ornam5t1 is famili>ly call$ ! ,t\r de ,beurre1 &1 z its compe] at ,r\51 0 built f ! contributions ( ^? :o 7 will+ to =ego !mselves ! luxury ( butt]4 ,to ! "r is a mu* less impos+ t[]1 b "o t is mu* m true z to its /yle4 ,x rises sc>cely above ! c5tral gable1 & helps to exagg]ate ! lack ( uni=mity ( ! faade1 a condition mu* deplor$ by ! true ,go?ic build]1 ?\gh :e!r su* v>y+ detail does n aft] all make a m int]e/+1 & p]haps z edify+ a "w = pleasurable contemplation1 is an op5 "q4 ,!re is1 9 any ev5t1 a m>vell\s p[] 9 ?is massive we/ front to confirm "o's op9ion t x is a compreh5sive & yet v>i$ ?+4 ,ano!r curi\s feature ( ?is front is a pair ( ov]ly+ buttresses ( no app>5t purpose z to /ay+ p[]1 s9ce ! wall space :i* !y flank is ( no inord9ate height4 ,! w9d[ space1 ?\gh1 is ample2 &1 ?\gh mo/ly 9 blank to-day1 at a future "t ^? blanks might be brok5 out2 h5ce ! necessity = ^! extra props4 ,! int]ior gives1 likewise1 a gr& impression1 "o ( va/] magnitude ?an 9 reality exi/s4 ,! l5g? is probably exagg]at$ by reason ( ! lack ( transepts2 b its bread?1 includ+ nave & aisle1 is unusually great1 & ! height is fur!r magnifi$ by ! fact t ! aisles !mselves h ?ree ranges ( op5+s1 above :i*1 9 ! nave1 rise ! tri=ium & cl]e/ory1--surely alone a suffici5tly unusual arrangem5t to acc\nt ! *ur* z ( rem>kable plann+4 ,its great beauty may be said to be ! magnific5t proportions ?r\gh\t1 r ?an ! prem95t intr9sic value ( any specific detail4 ,! rose w9d[ ( ! we/ end1 ?\gh ( gr& proportions1 appe>s to fail utt]ly z a supreme ef=t because ( ! flatness & depression giv5 to its circumf]5tial outl9e4 ,l t ( ,/4 ,gati5 at ,t\rs x is ( an unc]ta9 loz5ge %ape1 :ile ! effect is fur!r less5$ by ! m$iocrity ( its glass & fram+4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ! int]ior is "o ( symmetrical gr&eur1 :]e9 ! effect ( ea* dim5sion is probably enl>g$1 b ) a f9e & consi/5t proportion4 ,its conv5tional embelli%m5ts are n unduly ornate2 ?\gh1 = t matt]1 !y d n give ! impression ( be+ want+ to any great degree ei!r 9 quality or quantity4 ,9 no p>ticul>1 h[ev]1 is ! sculptur$ =m ( figure or foliage ( t excell5ce & magnitude ( t ( ! ca!dral at ,reims or at ,ami5s4 ,! magnific5t proportions ( ! *oir well m]it ! t]m ( ,burgundian opul5ce4 ,its t]m9ation op5s ) an amplitude (t5 want+ 9 ev5 a l>g] build+1 ! pi]s be+ wide ap>t1 )\t scre5+1 :i* height5s /ill m its g5]\s proportions4 ,! two picturesque c>d9al's hats1 ) cord & tassels1 h long be5 p5dant f ! vault ( ! *oir1 & are n[ dimm$ 9 col\r & ?ick deep ) du/1 seem+ly de/9$ to fall ( %e] old age & decrepitude4 ,fur!r p>ticul>s conc]n+ ?is picturesque detail are want+ only f ! lack ( any "o 9 att5dance f :om "o might get ?is in=mation1--p]haps "s read] ( ^! l9es may be m =tunate4 ,on ! pavem5t ( ! nave is a brass rule1 inlaid diagonally f ! nor? to ! s\? wall4 ,its orig9al use appe>s to be clo!d 9 "s obscurity1 "o in=mative p]son /at+ t x is ! l9e ( dep>tm5tal division1 & ano!r t x m>ks ! m]idian ( ,p>is1 :i* is %[n on all ,fr5* navigation *>ts4 ,its real purpose is evid5tly topographical r ?an ( religi\s or symbolical significance4 ,an ard5t ,fr5* writ] deplores ! fact t !re is no monum5t "h to %[ respect = ,l\is ,,xi41 :o 0 born at ,b\rges & baptiz$ 9 ! ca!dral2 a pity1 p]haps1 & c]ta9ly a subject wor?y ( ! consid]ation ( ! p[]s t be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ( ,s4 ,,cyr ,/e4 ,,juliette ,,nev]s ,,iii ,,/4 ,,cyr ,,& ,,/4 ,,juliette ,,de ,,nev]s ,a unique exp]i5ce is "o's fir/ contemplation ( ! gay little city ( ,nev]s f ! ,pont du ,loire1 ) ! none too l>ge ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,cyr & ,/4 ,juliette cr[n+1 z x 71 ! apex ( a s]ies ( /eep rises f ! ,loire1 :i*1 ev5 at ?is di/ance f ! sea1 /ill reta9s its ample bread?4 ,said ,ar?ur ,"y 9 8 pla9 & bald phraseology1 ,nev]s makes a f9e appe>ance4 ,"h1 on ! v ?re%old ( ! s\?l&1 x is some?+ ( a %ock to be br\ght at once into intimate association ) ,italian influ5ces & types ( ar*itecture2 =1 be x recall$1 ,nev]s has be5 truly an ,italian /ronghold 9 ! mid/ ( ,france1 ) little to rem9d "o1 b its spee*1 t x is m]ely a prov9cial ,fr5* m>ket-t[n4 ,nev]s 0 ! seat ( ! ,italian ,dukes & ,c\nts ( ,nivre1 :o built ! ducal palace1 ! ci-devant *ateau1 n[ ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice4 ,"h1 lat]1 dwelt ! nephew ( ! great ,maz>91 :o said 8 k+ _h a he>t m ,fr5* ?an 8 spee*4 ,?r\gh 8 ef=ts ! ,niv]nais 0 incorporat$ ) ! ,fr5* cr[n 9 #affi4 ,?is f9e turret$1 t[]$1 & decorat$ build+1 ) its sculpture attribut$ to ,g\jon1 is to-day1 9 appe>ance at lea/1 :at x 0 9 ! pa/1--! typical urban dome/ic e/abli%m5t ( gr& proportions & spl5did appo9tm5ts2 ?\gh x may h>dly be said to vie ) su* ma/]pieces z ,*ambord1 ,*5onceau1 or ,blois4 ,nor1 = t matt]1 is ! t[n itself entitl$ to rank1 z to its ev5ts ( hi/orical importance or ! fame or p]sonality ( its bi%ops or c\nts1 ) ei!r ,*>tres or ,le ,mans1 bo? ( :i* x some:at approa*es 9 po9t ( size4 ,aside f its _m & v>i$ *>ms1 :i* h be5 duly set =? by mo/ writ]s on ! ,fr5* prov9ces :o h _h any?+ :atev] to say ab\t x1 ,nev]s %\ld be d\bly ende>$ to all mak]s ( guide-books & /ud5ts ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture1 f ! fact t ! ,abb ,b\rass1 ,honor>y ,canon ( ,nev]s1 "h wrote & d$icat$ to 8 bi%op1 ,mgr4 ,duftre1 a "w treat+ ( ! ,fr5* ca!drals :i* w ev] rank z "o ( ! mo/ delightfully writt5 & useful books ( its class4 ,?is fact p]haps is h>dly to be reckon$ z ( hi/orical mom5t1 b p]t95t to ! plan ( ! pres5t "w nev]!less4 ,n[h]e1 n ev5 9 ,prov5ce or ,acquita9e1 are to be not$ m significant t5d5cies t[>d a s\!rn influ5ce 9 ! matt] ( civil & ecclesia/ical build+4 ,true1 _m ( ! m9or /ructures h to-day desc5d$ unto base uses1 & _m ( _! p]fections & beauties are !re=e sunk bel[ ! surface4 ,= in/ance1 :]e a palace has become a w>eh\se1 or a *ur* be5 turn$ into a /able1 or be5 giv5 ov] to ! uses ( a w9e factor4 ,be=e ev5 consid]+ ! ca!dral itself1--d$icat$ to ! h]o ( ! leg5d>y tale conc]n+ ,/4 ,cyrus1 :o1 depict$ z a nak$ *ild rid+ a/ride a wild bo>1 0 able to turn ! infuriat$ bea/ f a c]ta9 ,k+ ,*>les 7fur!r designation n giv57 & pres]ve him f dang]1--x is well to "k t mo/ au?orities agree 9 giv+ habitation "h to "o ( ! mo/ p]fect ,romanesque *ur*es 9 all nor!rn ,europe1 t ( ,/4 ,eti5ne1 built 9 #ajfc-if1 & consecrat$ 9 ! latt] ye> by ,ivor1 ,bi%op ( ,*>tres4 ,( ! c5tury contempor>y ) ?is f9e "w1 z yet h>dly spoil$ by any (f5sive re/orations1 are two columns1 9 ! ea/]ly portion ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,cyr1 :i* be> ! date ( #ajbd4 ,f ?is f\ndation ! lov] ( *ur*es w re> = himself an exce$+ly int]e/+ & uncommon type4 ,n ( ! fir/ rank1 ,/4 ,cyr has ! p[] to hold "o's att5tion f> m closely & int]e/+ly ?an _m ( great] wor? & magnitude2 & its environm5t1 f e po9t ( view1 composes itself into a picture :i* x w\ld be h>d to duplicate4 ,! gr\p+ ( ! *evet ( ! *oir ) ! l[ ro(s ( ! t[n ly+ at its base1 & ! g>d5s ( ! ducal *ateau 9 ! imm$iate =egr\nd1 =ms an unusually v>i$ comb9ation ( ! picturesque4 ,! weal? ( ,nev]s 9 ar*itectural monum5ts w\ld be notable 9 a t[n _m times its size4 ,! ,port de ,p>is1 a n especially attractive ,r5aissance gateway1 gu>ds ! nor!rly1 & ! ,port du ,cr\x ! we/]ly1 end ( ! t[n4 ,?is latt] gr\ps nobly ) ! we/ end & t[] ( ! ca!dral1 & is ( itself a monum5t ( ! fir/ rank1 be+ s designat$ by ! ,commission des ,monum5tes ,hi/oriques4 ,a feudal def5ce1 squ>e1 broad-bas$1 turret$1 flank$ ) circul> wat*-t[]s1 & /ill fur!r /r5g!n$ by a b>bican :i* once held a portcullis1 ?is wond]fully effective b>ri] m ?an sugge/s ! m$ival /ronghold4 ,two o!r t[]s ( ! anci5t ence9te /ill rema91 ! ,t\r ,g\g91 & ! ,t\r ,/4 ,eloi4 ,intimate acqua9tance ) ! ca!dral %[s a bl5d+1 n (f5sive1 b 9 no slight mann]1 ( ! ,romanesque1 e>ly & late ,go?ic1 & f9ally ,r5aissance /yles4 ,nev]!less !re is an app>5t cohesiv5ess (t5 lack+ 9 a l>g] "w1 or 9 "o built )9 a %ort] p]iod ( "t4 ,"o di/9ctly nor!rn feature !re is2 namely1 ! s+ul> effect giv5 by ! d\ble apse ( ! nave & *oir1 rem9isc5t ma9ly ( ! ,rh9e build]s1 t ( ! ea/]n end be+ mu* ! old]4 ,! half-oblit]at$ frescoes ( ! dom$ vault+ ( ! we/]n apse indicate t x 0 complet$ aft] ! pure ,italian mann] at a consid]ably lat] "t ?an ! opposite end4 ,x is h>dly a beautiful or ev5 a necess>y feature to ei!r ! ext]ior or int]ior ( a great *ur*1 &1 =tunately1 is unusual 9 ,france1 ?\gh common en\gh 9 ,g]many1 notably at ,ma9z1 ,worms1 & ,treves4 ,! mo/ rem>kable int]ior effect1 aside f ?is we/]n apse1 is t ( ! l(ty ,go?ic ar*es1 spr++ high above ! ,romanesque ar*es ( ! nave1 & naturally ( a mu* lat] date4 ,c]ta9ly ?is mu/ be1 s f> z ! respective proportions ( ea* are conc]n$1 an entirely unique feature4 ,notable evid5ces are to be se5 ( frescoes1 probably ! "w ( "s ,italian h&1 bo? on ! scre5 & 9 ! dom$ apse4 ,!y h app>5tly be5 :itewa%$ ov] _m times1 b remorse1 if t>dily1 has evid5tly come lately1 & su* re/oration or r5ovation z has be5 possible1 has be5 und]tak54 ,a da9ty & dim9utive spiral /airway1 sugge/ive ( hav+ be5 modell$ on ! l9es ( ! gr& spirals at ,*ambord or ,blois1 & half enclos$ 9 ! surr\nd+ wall1 leads to ! ,*apt] ,room above4 ,! ea/]n apse1 & ! crypt b5ea?1 are ! e>lie/ p>ts readily to be obs]v$ & are probably ! rema9s ( ! ,romanesque /ructure built by ,hugh ,,ii4 e>ly 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 aft] ! common type ( ! ,auv]gnat & ,angev9e *ur*es4 ,p]haps ! be/ workman%ip to be not$ is t ( ! ?irte5?-c5tury *apels surr\nd+ ! *oir4 ,reclus1 a ,fr5* au?ority1 has decl>$ t ! ornam5tal foliage "h is n only really admirable z to itself1 b is ! p]fection ( imitation1 & ext5ds ?is comm5dation also to ! "w on ! pill>s & capitals ( ! nor? doorway by :i* ! *ur* is usually ent]$4 ,! int]ior g5]ally is brilliant & pleas+1 ?\gh good glass is mo/ly want+1 & ! un9t]rupt$ flood ( light detracts measurably f ! w>m? & g5iality sugge/$ by ! memory ( ,b\rges1 ,*>tres1 or ,aux]re4 ,! rose w9d[ ov] ! we/]n apse is pitifully weak & q lack+ 9 effectiv5ess4 ,a canopi$ baldac*9o rises above ! alt> &1 be+ ( /one treat$ 9 a graceful ,go?ic mann]1 is an ornam5t mu* m 9 good ta/e ?an ! hide\s mahogany or oak5 s]p5t9e atrocities :i* are (t5 erect$4 ,x is impossible to come into close contact ) ! ext]ior ( ?is ca!dral except by approa*+ x f ! ea/]n end4 ,we/ front !re is none4 ,z "o has said1 ,x possesses m]ely a we/]n end4 ,! we/]n t[]1 ( two non-contempor>y ord]s ( ,go?ic 7f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies71 :e!r view$ f ne> or f>1 is f> m pleas+ ?an any o!r g5]al ext]ior feature4 ,! *evet ( ! *oir ext5ds1 z x 71 well into ! nave1 !re be+ no transepts4 ,?is is evid5tly a local cu/om1 recall+ ! neighb\r+ ca!drals at ,b\rges & ,aux]re4 ,! sculptur$ decoration ( ! lat] portion is exce$+ly well dispos$1 & ( su* magnitude & numb]s z to lack t pov]ty 9 ! ensemble (t5 app>5t 9 a m pret5ti\s "w4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,eti5ne 9 ,nev]s1 s ?or\ghly ,roman 9 inception ( design & execution ( detail1 indicates m vividly ?an any o!r example t might possibly be tak51 ! %ortness ( "t 9 :i* ! ,go?ic developm5t actually took place4 ,) ,notre ,dame at ,p>is full 9 m9d1 x is well to recall t ^! accept$ p]fect examples ( two contra/+ types are sc>ce a hundr$ & fifty miles ap>t1 &1 9 po9t ( "t1 b sixty ye>s4 ,:at an exemplification ?is surely is ( ! transition :i* came to ! art ( *ur* build+ 9 ! twelf? c5tury2 :at extraord9>y rapidity ( conception & developm5t1 & h[ n>r[ 7 ! conf9es ( ! true ,go?ic _s1 indig5\s only to ! royal doma91 :i* alone produc$ ! *ur*es :i* fully m]it ! concisely express$ def9ition ( ,go?ic3 ,a mann] ( build+ ma9ta9$ 7su/a9$7 by a sy/em ( ?ru/ & c\nt] ?ru/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ( ,s4 ,,mamm,s ,,langres ,,iv ,,/4 ,,mammes ,,de ,,langres ,langres is rem9isc5t ( b "o o!r ca!dral city 9 ! nor? ( ,france2 l ,laon1 x occupies & =tifies ! cre/ ( a long drawn out hill1 or1 to give x dignity1 x _h p]haps be/ be call$ 9 ! language ( ! native de la montagne de ,langres1 s9ce f its apex1 x is truly dom9ant ( a wide expanse ( horizon4 ,( ! ,burgundian transition type1 ! ,ca!dral at ,langres1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,jean ! ,evangel & ,/4 ,mammes1 is 9 _m ways a rem>kable ar*itectural "w1 b contam9at$ beyond cure by two ov]be>+ ,greco-,roman t[]s & a portal ( ! mid-eighte5? c5tury4 ,z a relief1 !re adjo9s ! ma9 body ( ! *ur*1 on ! s\!a/1 "o ( ^? ma/]works ( ! supreme ,go?ic era1--a canon's cloi/] ( an exce$+ ?irte5?-c5tury beauty4 ,9 o!r respects1 ! ext]ior is ( little note except z to its wond]ful degree ( prom95ce 9 ! g5]al gr\p+ ( ! ro(s ( ! t[n1 :5 ! city is view$ f bel[4 ,! int]ior spreads itself out 9 sev]e & impos+ l9es ) h>dly a rem>kable feature 9 ei!r transepts or nave4 ,! organ-l(t1 a ,calv>y1 & a m>ble /atue ( ! ,virg91 by ,lescornel1 a sculptor ( ,langres1 & a few mod]n sculptur$ monum5ts1 are ! only decorative attributes to be se51 if we except ! ,r5aissance ,*apelle des ,fonts ,baptismaux ) its sculptur$ vault+ on ! left4 ,! symmetrical *oir is 9 itself ! true *>m ( ,/4 ,mammes4 ,x has a f9e ambulatory1 & a range ( eight monoli?ic columns1 remov$1 says tradition1 f an anci5t ,pagan temple4 ,_! capitals are ornam5t$ ) c>v5 foliage1 grimac+ heads1 & fanta/ic animals4 ,a sixte5?-c5tury scre5 surr\nds ! *oir1 b is m l unto a triumphal ar* ?an a *ur*ly accessory4 ,! high alt> is a comp>atively mod]n "w1 z may be suppos$1 & dates only f #ahaj4 ,on ! "r ( ! *oir is an elaborate ,roman doorway1 & pres]v$ 9 ! ,*apt] ,room are five pa9t+s depict+ ! ,*a/e ,susanne4 ,a rem>kable collection ( reliques is %[n by ! sacri/an1 9 ! ,*apelle des ,reliques4 ,v ,,notre ,,dame ,d',,auxonne ,! small t[n ( ,auxonne1 ly+ betwe5 ,dijon & ,besanon1 is seldom ?\ght ( 9 connection ) a ca!dral *ur*4 ,!re is little !re to compel "o's att5tion beyond ! fact t ! ,*ur* ( ,notre ,dame1 ( ! f\rte5?-sixte5? c5tury1 is an int]e/+ en\gh example ( a m9or edifice :i* at "o "t 0 class$ z a ca!dral4 ,! *ur* is ma9ly ,go?ic & has ! unusual arrangem5t ( a ,romanesque t[] ris+ above ! transept4 ,,"p ,v ,ea/ ( ,p>is ,i ,,introductory ,no arbitr>y t]ritorial arrangem5t c be made to include ) exactness ea* & e ecclesia/ical division1 b1 s9ce ! ,royal ,doma9 & ! imm$iately adjac5t t]ritory includes ! major portion ( :at are commonly accept$ z ! ,gr& ,ca!drals1 x has be5 ?\ght p]missible1 9 ! pres5t case1 to make a fur!r subdivision :i* %all include ,b\logne & ,/4 ,om]1 nor? ( ,p>is2 ea/w>d to ! ,rh9e & s\?w>d to include ,dijon & ,besanon4 ,a topograph] might n make su* a division or arrangem5t ( t]ritory2 b no o!r seems possible :i* %all include ! region ly+ betwe5 ! extremes ( ,besanon & ,b\logne4 ,! local *>act]i/ics or ar*itectural types diff] widely )9 ^! limits1 bo? z to /yle & excell5ce4 ,9 "o way1 only1 h !y advanc$ "u conditions ( unity1 t ( ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,*ri/ian *ur*1 b1 o!rwise1 n[ fav\r+ ! nor!rn influ5ce & n[ ! s\!rn4 ,! fronti] prov9ces h1 z a natural c\rse1 be5 subject to _m ret>d+ influ5ces :i* h be5 want+ else:]e2 = invasion f )\t may be dep5d$ ^u to be z baneful = ! pres]vation ( a nation's art treasures z a revolution f )94 ,! ,*ri/ian elem5t e>ly =c$ its way among ! ,franks1 & ,clovis1 at ! solicitation ( 8 ,*ri/ian que5 & h] bi%op1 0 n av]se to adopt+ :at he might o!rwise h reg>d$ z a sup]/ition4 ,8 conv]sion at ,reims n only fo/]$ & propagat$ ,*ri/ianity1 b gave an impetus to ! f\ndation & build+ ( *ur*es 9 a mo/ g5]\s fa%ion4 ,! region to ! ea/w>d ( ,p>is1 :i* has play$ no unimportant "p 9 ! hi/ory ( ,france1 :ile prolific z to v>i$ types ( *ur* build+1 possesses b "o example ( ! v fir/ rank1--& t1 z a /yle :i* typifies ,go?ic art1 may be said to rank supreme ov] all o!rs1--,notre ,dame de ,reims4 ,z ! seat ( ! ,metropolita91 & ! ,city ( ,coronations1 x 0 alli$ closely ) e>ly affairs ( ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,! pr9ciples & mann] adopt$ by ,guillaume ( ,s5s 9 8 great works e>ly affect$ ! /yle "h1 z se5 by ! _m transition examples1 j z ! influ5ce ( ! ,monk ( ,/4 ,bnigne ( ,dijon caus$ ! r\nd-ar*$ species ( ! we/ ( ,france4 ,at all ev5ts ! primitive ,go?ic influ5ces 7 e>ly at "w & 9 a measure absorb$ ! ,romanesque t5d5cies :i* _h fl\ri%$ previ\sly4 ,! mo/ notable exception1 an example ( ! di/9ctly s\!rn type1 is at ,besanon1 :i* has a rem>kable array ( contra/+ /yle1 ) ! ,romanesque1 ?\gh n ( ! be/1 pr$om9at+4 ,) ! ca!drals 9 ! extreme nor!rly section we h little to d1--9 fact !re is little t c be said4 ,/4 ,om] is possess$ ( a wond]ful old *ur* :i* at "o "t rank$ z a ca!dral1 & :i* has glimpses "h & !re ( v good ,go?ic4 ,!re are also1 9 ?is o!rwise n v int]e/+ city1 two o!r *ur* build+s wor?y ( m ?an an ord9>y am\nt ( att5tion1 ! ru9s ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,b]t9 & ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,b\logne-sur-,m] has a mod]n pseudo-classical /ructure built well into ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x is m notable z a monum5t to ! indu/ry ( ! man :o br\ght ab\t its erection1 tak+ ! place ( a =m] /ructure burnt dur+ ! ,revolution1 ?an z a satisfactory example ( a great *ur*4 ,! same may be said ) equal tru? ( ! atroci\s ,r5aissance & ,pagan /ructures to be se5 at ,cambrai & ,arras1 ?\gh ! conditions "u :i* !y 7 built diff]4 ,at ,cambrai1 h[ev]1 ! pres5t build+ replaces a =m] /ructure levell$ by fire4 ,*alons-sur-,m>ne1--de> to e ,fr5* patriot z be+ r5[n$ = ! manufacture ( flags1 a suffragan ( ,reims1 has a rem>kable ca!dral ( ,romanesque f\ndation ( ! fif? to ! sev5? c5turies4 ,its w>like record1 f #bgc ,a4 ,d41 :5 ,aurelian vanqui%$ ,tetricus1 to ! occupation by ! ,g]mans 9 #ahga1 is "o long succession ( milit>y affairs4 ,to-day ! city is ! domicile ( ! mo/ important army corps ( ,france4 ,^! t[ns1 ) ,nancy1 ,t\l1 & ,/4 ,di 9 ! valley ( ! ,moselle1 complete ! li/ ( ^? cities :i* by any /ret* ( t]ritorial b\nd>ies c\ld be class$ "u ! head ( ,ea/ ( ,p>is4 ,x may be a debatable po9t z to :e!r ,/rasb\rg & ,metz might n h be5 includ$2 ! writ] is incl9$ to ?9k t !y might h be51 ?\gh _! int]e/s & influ5ces h always be5 m ,teutonic ?an ,gallic1--/ill1 !y are ?or\ghly ,g]maniz$ to-day1 &1 z we _c int]rupt ! m>* ( "t1 & ! pres5t volume w o!rwise approa* ! limits orig9ally set out = x1 !y mu/ p]=ce be omitt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ,,nancy ,illu/ration3 ,,b\logne ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,,om] ,illu/ration3 ,,arras ,,ii ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,b\logne-,,sur-,,m] ,b\logne-sur-,m] is "o ( ^? neglect$ t\ri/ po9ts ?r\gh :i* ! mu* travell$ p]son usually ru%es en r\te to "s o!r place4 ,x p]haps h>dly w>rants fur!r consid]ation except = ! hi/ory ( its pa/1 & its intimate association ) c]ta9 ev5ts :i* might s]i\sly h affect$ ! hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 an int]e/+ en\gh place to-day1 if "o c>es = ! bu/le & ru% ( a seaport & fi%+ t[n1--n v cleanly1 & ov]run ) tea-%ops & v>i\s e/abli%m5ts :i* cat] only to ! cockney abroad1 :o ga!rs "h 9 %oals dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,!re is1 too1 a l>ge colony ( resid5t ,engli%1 probably attract$ by its ne>ness to ,london1 & possibly = purposes ( retr5*m5t1 = !re is no "q b t ! franc1 ( tw5ty p] c5t4 less value ?an ! %ill+1 accompli%es q z mu* z a pur*as+ p[]4 ,?is mu/ be q a consid]ation ) pat]-familias ) a limit$ income d]iv$ f ,consols or "s o!r traditionally excell5t inve/m5t4 ,mo/ travell]s are famili> ) :at attractions ,b\logne really does (f]1 b few if any w\ld consid] its v mod]n & ugly ca!dral "o ( !m4 ,p]*$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,haute-,ville1 ov]look+ ! city & port1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame exi/s to-day m z a monum5t to ! en]gy & devotion ( its f\nd] ?an z a notable ar*itectural "w4 ,x foll[s no p>ticul> /yle1 except t x is ,italian ( ! mo/ debas$ g5]al type1 ?\gh no d\bt p>ts ( x meet ! dim5sions & =mulas laid d[n by accept$ good examples 9 its native l&4 ,!re is no d\bt b t its dom$ cupola is manife/ly out ( place1 ?\gh ?is detail is ! only feature :i* gives ! ca!dral any di/9ction4 ,a ,go?ic *ur* /ood "h up to ! ,revolution1 & ! build+ ( ! pres5t /ructure 0 devot$ly und]tak5 to replace its loss by a d\btless e>ne/ man1 :o1 9 8 zeal1 s\ght to build aft] :at he consid]$ a new] if n a bett] /yle4 ,p>ts ( ! crypt are ( ! anci5t twelf? c5tury *ur*2 b ! /ructure above dates f #ahbg-ff4 ,its faade1 ( a poor classical ord]1 is flank$ by two slight cupola t[]s equally mean+less & insignificant4 ,surm\nt+ ! c5tral dome is a colossal /atue ( ! ,virg94 ,! int]ior is 9 no way rem>kable or int]e/+4 ,!re are a few monum5ts & a gorge\s high alt> ( preci\s m>bles1 mosaic1 & bronze1 ! gift ( ,pr9ce ,alex ,torlonia4 ,! lady-*apel is /ill resort$ to z a place ( pilgrimage by ! seaf>+ & fi%] folk ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,a mod]n reproduction ( a s>cophagus f ! catacombs at ,rome =ms ! tomb ( ,mgr4 ,haffre+ue 7#ahga74 ,,iii ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,cambrai ,cambrai is "o ( t qu>tette ( ca!dral cities ( nor!rn ,france :i* 9 no s5se take rank z ecclesia/ical %r9es ( ev5 ord9>ily int]e/+1 mu* less beautiful1 attributes4 ,( ! o!r ?ree1 ,arras1 ,/4 ,om]1 & ,b\logne1 ,/4 ,om] alone is possess$ to-day ( any?+ approa*+ ! great ,go?ic *ur*es :i* 7 spread broadca/ ?r\gh\t ,france dur+ ! five c5turies ( *ur* build+ 9 ! middle ages4 ,9 mann]s & cu/oms1 & inde$ 9 spee* to "s ext5t1 ^! cities all p>take some:at ( ! locale ( ^? ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,^! attributes1 :i* h reta9$ _! orig9al id5tities across ! bord]s1 7 = _m c5turies1 & ev5 s late z ! sev5te5? c5tury1 exi/5t 9 ,fr5* ,fl&]s4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 9 none ( ^! cities are any ( ! primitive ,go?ic types to be not$ 9 ! ca!dral *ur*es1 ?\gh _m possess _! old5-"t belfries & wat* t[]s1 pres]v$ to-day ) some?+ ( ! local pride :i* ev9ces itself else:]e ) respect to ca!drals4 ,x is possible t ?is is due to ! fact t ?is great indu/rial c5tre ( nor!rn ,france is m giv5 to ! arts ( manufacture ?an to ! devotion ( *ur*-go+ or ev5 ( *ur* build+4 ,ano!r notable & almo/ univ]sal feature ( ^! cities are ! ,r5aissance or ,romanesque gateways1--sil5t rem9d]s to-day ( ! m$ival communities :i* !y once protect$1 & ( ! w>like invasions ( ! pa/4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame de ,cambrai is on ! site ( an old] abbey *ur*1 :i* 0 ( ! same ugly /yle z ! pres5t edifice itself1 b :i* dat$1 h[ev]1 only f ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury4 ,! pres5t build+ is said to furni% a replica1 ( ! v9tage ( #ahei1 ( ! ta/eless & crude /yle ( ! e>li] build+4 ,!re are /atues !re9 ( ,f5elon1 ,bi%op ,belmas1 by ,david d',ang]s1 & ( ,c>d9al ,regni]2 & a s]ies ( grisaille w9d[s1 aft] orig9als by ,rub5s1 by ,ge]a]ts ( ,anv]s4 ,! *imes ( ,cambrai rank among ! mo/ not$ 9 ,europe4 ,!y are compos$ ( ?irty-n9e bells & produce a c>illon1 v agreeable1 says a ,fr5* au?ority4 ,!y c]ta9ly d1--! au?or c endorse ?is f a p]sonal k1--& !y h n z yet desc5d$ to su* banalities z popul> milit>y m>*es4 ,! l>ge/ bell1 giv5 by ,f5elon 9 #aghf1 weighs #g1ejj kilos4 ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame de ,cambrai ,,iv ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,/4 ,,om] ,"u ,baldw9 ( ,ha9ault1 ,artois1 includ+ ,/4 ,om]1 0 c$$ to ! k+dom ( ,france z late z ! mid-sev5te5? c5tury4 ,few m9or *ur*es are possess$ ( ! galaxy ( *>ms & attractions ( ! ci-devant ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame at ,/4 ,om]4 ,h>dly 9 ! accept$ =ms ( good ta/e are ! ,byzant9e slabs ( m>ble /uck ^u ! walls "h & !re1 z 9 a museum2 ! ,r5aissance scre5s2 ! ov]p[]+ organ case2 ! votive (f]+s & tablets )\t numb]2 & ! alleg$ wond]ful a/ronomical clock1 ) its colossal wood5 figures ( ! sixte5? c5tury1--all ( :i* g to compose a het]og5e\s mass m int]e/+ z to occasional detail ?an z a ?or\gh expression ( sa9tly temp]am5t4 ,! decorative s*eme is c>ri$ /ill fur!r by ! l>ge numb] ( pa9t+s ) :i* ! *ur* is hung2 a tribute none too common 9 ,france1 & m usually associat$ ) ! ,flemi% *ur*es ( ne>ly e rank4 ,a reflection ( _! prem95ce 9 ?is respect is naturally en\gh visible 9 ,fr5* ,fl&]s4 ,! ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 attribut$ to ,rub5s1 appe>s likely en\gh to be a g5u9e ma/]1 b x has be5 s r\ghly re/or$ by ov]pa9t+1 t x is to-day ( impair$ value4 ,/4 ,om]1 among all ! gr\p ( nor!a/ ,france1 pres5ts a true ,go?ic example 9 its great ,basilique de ,notre ,dame1 & x is a pity t its fur!r developm5t 0 along l9es :i* indicate a tr5d1 at lea/1 t[>d debasem5t4 ,?is is pla9ly to be not$ 9 ! trac]y ( ! l[] & cl]e/ory w9d[s ( nave & aisles4 ,its enorm\s t[] cov]s ne>ly ! entire we/]n end ( nave & aisles1 9 mu* ! same way z ^? ( "s ( ! =tifi$ *ur*es ( ! s\?4 ,its ,go?ic is ( ! true p]p5dicul> /yle1 h[ev]1 &1 ) ! g5]al gr& proportions ( ! build+1 gives t imm5sity & massiv5ess :i* is associat$ only ) a *ur* ( ! fir/ rank4 ,! arcs-b\tant ( ! nave are h>dly des]v+ ( m5tion z su*1 ?\gh !y are manife/ly /urdy props :i* p]=m _! functions 9 p]haps z efficaci\s a mann] z _m m graceful & delicate specim5s else:]e4 ,!re is j a sugge/ion ( a c5tral t[]1 :i*1 z is (t5 ! case 9 ,france1 has dw9dl$ to a m]e cupola1 if x _h ev] previ\sly gr[n to a great] height4 ,! transepts are ( impos+ dim5sions1 t on ! s\? hav+ an enorm\s rose ( p]haps ?irty-five feet 9 diamet]1 ) an elaborately c>v$ portal bel[1 :i* conta9s a ,la/ ,judgm5t 9 ! tympanum4 ,! *oir1 *evet1 & *apels1 :ile exi/5t to a visible & v beautiful degree1 are some:at ov]%ad[$ by ! great size ( ! transepts4 ,!re is ?is to be said1 h[ev]3 t ! *oir1 a re/oration ( our own day1 pres5ts1 z to /yle1 ! type ( ,go?ic purity at its height4 ,x has five radiat+ *apels1 n includ+ t ( ,notre ,dame des ,miracles1 :i* adjo9s ! s\? transept & conta9s innum]able votive tablets4 ,= ! re/1 except = ! fact t ! int]ior p>takes ( a m]e collection ( curios & relics1 x is 9 g5]al no less impos+ 9 its proportions ?an ! ext]ior4 ,! cl]e/ory w9d[s1 h[ev]1 are ( ill proportions = s gr& a /ructure1 be+ %ort & squat2 & "h1 z else:]e ?r\gh\t ! build+1 is to be f\nd only mod]n glass4 ,! great bell ( ! we/]n t[] weighs #h1ejj kilos4 ,*ief among ! notable accessories & reliques is ! monoli?ic tomb ( ,/4 ,erkembode1 bi%op ( ! "o-"t see ( ,?r\anne1 p]iod #gbe-cg4 ,! s>cophagus itself1 dat+ f ! same c5tury1 0 br\ght "h f ! orig9al site4 ,! tomb ( ,/4 ,om] 0 re/or$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury & %[s a rem>kable sculptur$ gr\p ( ,*ri/1 ! ,virg91 & ,/4 ,john1 call$ ! ,great ,god ( ,?r\anne4 ,x 0 sav$ f ! ru9 ( ! *ur* at ,?r\anne1 :i* 0 de/roy$ ) ! great] "p ( ! t[n 9 #aecc by ,*>les ,v41 9 rev5ge = ! loss ( ?ree bi%oprics1 z hi/ory /ates4 ,at ?is "t ! sees ( ,/4 ,om] & ,b\logne 7 f\nd$4 ,! ne>-by ,palace ( ,ju/ice1 built by ,mans>t 9 #afhj & enl>g$ = its pres5t use 9 #ahdj1 0 ! =m] ,episcopal ,palace4 ,/4 ,om] has also two o!r gr& *ur*es1 ,/4 ,sepul*re1 ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & ! ru9s ( ,/4 ,b]t9 7#acbf-aebj71 :i*1 be=e ! ,revolution1 ) ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\51 & ! collegiate *ur* at ,san ,qu5t91 0 reckon$ z "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ,go?ic abbeys 9 ,france4 ,to-day x is a magnific5t ru91 its huge t[] 7built 9 #adca7 & portions ( ! nave & cross+ be+ all t rema94 ,x 0 consid]$ ! f9e/ *ur* 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 & = size1 purity1 & uni=mity ( /yle x rank$ ) ! be/ ( its contempor>ies4 ,v ,,/4 ,,vaa/ ,d',,arras ,! capital ( anci5t ,fl&]s 0 remov$ f ,arras to ,gh5t :5 ,artois 0 c$$ to ,france1 & ?us x 0 t ! city became ,fr5*1 z x 71 b sl[ly1 its ,l[ ,c\ntry traditions & cu/oms cl++ closely to x until a late day4 ,! =m] ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame rank$ z a gr& example ( ! ogival /yle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 9 :i* x 0 built1 & gave to ! city ( ! tape/ry mak]s ! di/9ction ( possess+ a *ur* compos$ ( mu* t 0 be/ ( ! ar*itecture ( a fa/ gr[+ art4 ,su* 0 ! m$ival rank to :i* ! ca!dral at ,arras _h atta9$4 ,! new ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,vaa/1 dat+ f #agee to #ahcc1 is ( ! ,grecian /yle ( temple build+1 little suit$ to ! ne$s ( a ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,! crucial plan consecrat$ by ca?olic usages ( c5turies is n h[ev] :olly ab&on$4 ,!re is some?+ ( a sugge/ion ( ! ,lat9 cross 9 its design1 b its abside faces t[>d ! s\!a/ r ?an due s\?1 ) its pr9cipal entrance to ! nor?we/1 a suffici5tly unusual arrangem5t1 :]e mo/ ,fr5* *ur*es are duly ori5tat$1 to be rem>k$1 p>ticul>ly z !re is little t c be said 9 praise ( ! /ructure4 ,! int]ior foll[s ! g5]al plan ( ! ,cor9?ian ord]2 ! w9d[s1 nei!r num]\s nor ( suffici5tly ample dim5sions to well s]ve _! purpose1 numb] n9e only 9 ! *oir1 & five on ea* side ( ! nave4 ,!re are1 to ! abside1 sev5 collat]al *apels1 "s ( :i* conta9 passable sculptur$ monum5ts1 remov$ f ! old abbey ( ,/4 ,vaa/1 a f\ndation erect$ 9 ! six? c5tury & recon/ruct$ by ,c>d9al de ,rohan 9 #aged4 ,! rema9s ( ! old abbey build+s h be5 built ar\nd & incorporat$ 9 ! pres5t ,episcopal ,palace1 ! ext5sive ,muse1 & ,biblio!que2 & are situat$ imm$iately to ! "r ( ! faade ( ! ca!dral4 ,! grisaille glass se5 9 ! int]ior is unusual1 b m$iocre 9 ! extreme4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s good /atues 9 :ite m>ble 9 ! ,*apelle de ,/4 ,vaa/1 :ile 9 ano!r *apel1 giv5 by ,c>d9al de la ,t\r d',auv]gne1 is "o equally good ( ,*>les ,borrome4 ,!re are f\r great /atues at ! extremities ( ! transepts1 repres5t+ ! f\r evangeli/s2 & ?ree o!rs 9 ! *oir1 ( ,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity4 ,9 ! nor? transept1 also1 are two tripty*s ( ! ,flemi% s*ool1 by ,bellegambe1 a native ( ,d\ai 7#aebh74 ,! ,abb ,b\rass1 9 8 *>m+ "w on ! ca!drals ( ,france1 says1 pla9ly1 & )\t fe> or fav\r3 ,we h tri$ to speak imp>tially ( all species ( ar*itecture--b :y d we n admire ! ,ca!dral ( ,arras8 ,x is aga9/ all traditions ( 'notre art ca?olique4' ,we cont5d t ?is is n good4 ,:at1 say y1 c we praise8 ,x is a great "w--( ! /one-mason2 y %\ld /udy x f "s di/ance4 ,x is )\t life1 )\t movem5t1 )\t dignity4 ,:atev] may be ! faults ( its ca!dral1 ,arras is1 nev]!less1 an int]e/+ city1--mod]niz$1 to be sure1 by b\lev>ds laid out along ! old =tifications4 ,! ,citadel ( ,vauban 7#afgj71 call$ ironically la belle inutile1 may be class$ z a wor?less1 if n :olly unpicturesque1 ru91 ?\gh rank+1 :5 built1 z among ! mo/ wond]ful =tifications ( ! times4 ,! wave ( ,r5aissance :i* swept nor?w>d has left its in]adicable m>ks "h4 ,! ,htel de ,ville is a rem>kable specim5 ( t art ( ov]load+ ornam5t ^u a squ>e hulk1 & mak+ x look l a w$d+-cake2 ?\gh1 tru? to tell1 com+ ^u x aft] ! *ill9ess ( ! ca!dral itself1 x is a *e]ful antidote4 ,dat+ f #aeaj1 at :i* "t 0 built ! curi\s ,go?ic faade ( sev5 ar*es1 ea* diff]5t z to size & spr+4 ,! add$ w+s 9 elaborate ,r5aissance are ( ! late sixte5? c5tury & rank among ! mo/ effective examples ( ! /yle 9 ,france4 ,a belfry surm\nts all1 #bdj feet 9 height1 ! joyeuse ( :i* weighs ne>ly n9e tons4 ,arras may p]haps be mo/ rev]$ = its tape/ries1 its work]s tak+ rank ) ^? ( ! fam\s manufactories at ,p>is & ,beauvais4 ,inde$1 x w\ld appe> z ?\gh exp]ts knew n to :i* ( ^! ?ree c5tres to assign prec$5ce1 bo? ,arras & ,p>is claim+ ! hon\r ( hav+ set up ! fir/ looms4 ,x is an anci5t art1 z ! "w ( craftsm5 goes1 & m ?an "o writ] :o has /udi$ deeply ! fasc9at+ intricacies ( haute & basse lisse1 ( col\r1 texture1 design1 & :at n1 has n hesitat$ to proclaim ! city z hav+ be5 ! gr&e/ c5tre ( tape/ry-mak+ :i* ! _w has ev] kn[n2 & regret c b be univ]sal t x came to an end :5 its citiz5s 7 put to ! sword by ,l\is ,,xi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t\l ,,vi ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,t\l ,annex$ to ,france1 9 company ) ,metz & ,v]dun1 9 #aeef1 ,t\l1 situat$ on ! left bank ( ! ,moselle1 is to-day rank$ z a =tress ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,c be se5 9 two h\rs--su* is ! description usually giv5 by ! guide-books to ! city :i* conta9s1 9 its "o-"t ,ca!dral ,/4 ,eti5ne1 an example :i*1 ) respect to ! decorative trac]y ( its faade savants h decl>$ ! equal ev5 ( ,reims4 ,"o ( ! ?ree =m] bi%oprics ( ,lorra9e1 ,t\l is none too ample to m]it ! cognom5 ( a l>ge t[n4 ,x once held )9 its walls1 beside ! ,ca!dral1 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g5g\lt1 & sev]al p>i% *ur*es & mona/]ies4 ,%orn to-day ( "s ( ^! dignities1 ) its bi%opric remov$ to ,nancy1 x ranks z a milit>y & /rategic /ronghold r ?an a c5tre ( *ur*ly dom9ation4 ,s9ce ,metz & ,/rasb\rg 7 giv5 ov] to ! ,g]mans1 ,t\l's =m] =tress has be5 greatly /r5g!n$4 ,! ca!dral itself may truly be said to be> ! *>act]i/ics ( bo? ! ,g]man & ,fr5* mann] ( build+1 ! we/]n or lat] end be+ a sup]b front1 aft] ! ,fr5* mann]1 & ! ea/]ly or e>li] end hav+ a simple apse & long n>r[ w9d[s1 9 ! ,g]man fa%ion4 ,a comp>ison has be5 made by ,pr(essor ,freeman betwe5 ! we/]n faade ( ?is *ur* & ,notre ,dame de ,reims4 ,he says1 ,we are d>+ en\gh to ?9k t1 simply z a design1 ! we/ front ( ,t\l outdoes t ( ,reims2 ?\gh x w be h>dly ne$ful to prove t1 z a :ole1 ,reims f> outdoes t ( ,t\l4 ,q non-committal1 to be sure1 z 0 ?is *>m+ writ]'s way2 b1 ( itself1 a sort ( prep>ation to ! obs]v] = ! beauties :i* he is to behold4 ,"h is ! case ( a sup]b ri*ness hav+ be5 add$ to a pla9] body1 & by no means inh>moni\sly done4 ,! gable is ne>ly p]fect z to its juxtaposition4 ,! t[]s are high] 9 proportion ?an at ,reims1 giv+ ! effect ( be+ ! f9i%$ ?+ z !y /&1 ?\gh lack+ spires or p9nacles4 ,! walls are ( ^? j proportions 9 relation to ! w9d[ pi]c+s :i* is aga9 ,fr5*1 z contra/$ ) a neighb\r+ example at ,metz1 :]e ! rev]se is ! case4 ,! city 0 ! seat ( a bi%op z e>ly z ! six? c5tury1 & its gov]nm5t 0 "u 8 control until #abfa1 :5 x became a free commune4 ,f9ally x 0 conqu]$ by ,h5ry ,,ii41 & its future assur$ to ,france by ! ,treaty ( ,we/phalia4 ,! ca!dral dates 9 "p f ,romanesque rema9s ( ! t5? c5tury1 b its entire int]ior arrangem5ts 7 mu* batt]$ dur+ ! ,revolution4 ,! *oir & transept are ( ! be/ ( ?irte5?-c5tury build+1 :ile ! nave & side aisles are ( ! c5tury foll[+4 ,two t[]s1 :i* flank ! magnific5t faade1 rise = ne>ly two hundr$ & fifty feet1 & are ! "w ( ,jacquem9 de ,comm]cy 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,adjo9+ ! "r aisles are ! v beautiful ,go?ic cloi/]s ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,!y =m a rectangul> enclosure1 #bbe feet by #afe feet1 & are made up ( tw5ty-f\r sections ( f\r ar*es1 ea* ) clu/]$ columns4 ,a f9e sculptur$ alt>piece1 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,%eph]ds1 is 9 ! ,*apelle de la ,cre*e1 ent]$ f ! cloi/]4 ,! pres5t ,htel-de-,ville 0 =m]ly ! bi%op's palace4 ,illu/ration3 ,nor? ,portal ,ca!dral ,*alons-sur-,m>ne ,,vii ,,/4 ,,eti5ne1 ,,*,,lons-,,sur-,,m>ne ,*alons is p]haps fir/ ( all fam$ z ! sc5e ( ,attila's great defeat 9 ! fif? c5tury1 "o ( ! _w's fifte5 decisive battles4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,eti5ne is n usually consid]$ to be a rem>kable /ructure2 b x is ?or\ghly typical & *>act]i/ic ( a locale1 :i* /amps x at once ) a m>k ( g5u95ess & s9c]ity4 ,( e>ly primitive ,go?ic 9 ! ma91 x %>es int]e/ to-day ) ! f\r o!r *ur*es ( ! city1 n ov]look+ ,notre ,dame de l',ep9e1 "s five miles di/ant to ! nor?w>d1 "o ( ! mo/ p]fectly design$ & appo9t$ late ,go?ic *ur*es :i* ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,x has be5 call$ a m9iature ca!dral1 us+ ! t]m1 x may be suppos$1 9 ! s5se ( ref]r+ only to a magnific5tly ornate *ur*4 ,x is inde$ wor? a pilgrimage ?i!r to see ?is true gem ( ar*itecture 9 a :olly undefil$ c\ntrifi$ sett+4 ,! ,ca!dral at ,*alons-sur-,m>ne foll[s some:at ! traditions ( ! ,g]man mann] ( build+1 at lea/ s f> z a c]ta9 pla9ness & lack ( ornate decoration 9 ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* is conc]n$2 likewise 9 ! arrangem5t ( its t[]s1 :i* lie to ! ea/w>d ( ! transepts2 & fur!r ) respect to its decid$ly ,teutonic arrangem5t ( ! r\nd$ columns1 or1 m prop]ly1 pill>s1 ( its nave4 ,9 g5]al ?is ?irte5?-c5tury *ur* is 9 ! be/ /yle ( its era2 b ! we/ front pres5ts an incongru\s sev5te5?-c5tury addition 9 ! :ilom classical /yle ( t day1 bad z to its art1 & app>5tly badly weld$ into conjunction ) ! old] portion4 ,! aisles & cl]e/ory w9d[s are ( ! lat] decorat$ p]iod ( ,go?ic1 & pres5t1 :e!r view$ f )\t or f )91 an exce$+ly f9e appe>ance4 ,probably ! f9e/ & mo/ pleas+ impression ( ! :ole /ructure is t obta9$ ( ! int]ior1 ) its pill>s ( nave & *oir1 ( ! massive ord] made famili> 9 ! ,rh9e *ur*es4 ,a reasonable %>e ( twelf? to sixte5? c5tury glass is /ill left z its portion1 & ! g5]al arrangem5t ( ! *oir1 prolong$1 z x is1 well into ! nave1 gives a c]ta9 maje/y to ?is portion ( ! *ur* :i* is p]haps n w>rant$ :5 we take into consid]ation t x mu/ p]=ce dw>f ! nave itself4 ,! arrangem5t1 ?\gh n common1 is by no means an unusual "o1 & x is recall$ also1 t x is s employ$ at ,reims4 ,situat$ ne> ! fronti]1 ,*alons-sur-,m>ne has ev] be5 subject to t inquietude :i* usually befalls a bord] city4 ,g]man influ5ces h ev] be5 noticeable1 &1 ev5 to-day1 ! significant fact is to be not$ t a cur w he> confessions 9 ,g]man1 & t s]vices are held 9 t tongue on ,saturdays 9 ,/4 ,joseph's ,*apel4 ,! ,episcopal ,palace1 beh9d ! ca!dral1 conta9s a collection ( "s sixty pa9t+s1 ! gift1 9 #ahfd1 ( ! ,abb ,joannes4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,di ,,viii ,,/4 ,,di ,/4 ,di gets its "n1 by ! corruption ( ,dieudonn1 f ,/4 ,deodatus1 :o f\nd$ a mona/]y "h 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,x 0 built1 z 0 _m ano!r great ca!dral1 9 accordance ) ! cu/om ( erect+ a *ur* ov] ! body or relic ( a sa9t :om x 0 especially desir$ to hon\r2 usually "o ( local importance1 a patron or a devotee4 ,! t[n is p]haps ! mo/ inaccessible & out-(-!-way place :i* h>b\rs a ca!dral 9 all nor!rn ,france4 ,we might p]haps except ,/4 ,pol-de-,leon & ,trgui] 9 ,brittany1 nei!r ( :i* is on a railway1 :]eas ,/4 ,di is1 b at ! v end4 ,:5 y get !re & want to g on1 n back1 y simply j\rney on foot1 or a:eel if y c f9d a conveyance1 & take up ) ano!r loose end ( railway "s fifte5 miles away1 :i* w take y s\?w>d1 %\ld y be go+ t way4 ,if n1 !re appe>s to be no?+ = x1 b to retrace y\r /eps :5ce y came4 ,! ca!dral 7locally ,la ,gr&e ,eglise1 x only hav+ be5 made a ca!dral s rec5tly z #aggg7 has a f9e ,romanesque nave ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ) *oir & aisles ( good ,go?ic1 aft] ! accept$ ,rh9e mann] ( build+4 ,! portal1 ( r$ s&/one1 is ( inf]ior ?irte5?-c5tury workman%ip1 ) /atues ( ,fai? & ,*>ity on ei!r side4 ,! faade is flank$ by two squ>e t[]s4 ,! int]ior is curi\sly arrang$ ) a cordon ( sculpture1 high 9 ! vault+4 ,! capitals ( ! pill>s are likewise ornam5t$ ) highly int]e/+ & ornately sculptur$ capitals4 ,! *oir1 z is mo/ usual1 is ! ma/]piece ( ! collection1 ! w9d[s1 9 p>ticul>1 be+ ( ! pure/ ogival /yle4 ,9 ! fir/ *apel1 on ! "r1 is a pa9t+1 ,! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,seba/ian1 & beh9d ! *oir is an anci5t "w commemorative ( ,le ,pe/e de ,/4 ,di4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,laz>e d',,autun ,,ix ,,/4 ,,laz>e ,d',,autun ,?is anci5t episcopal city has ev] be5 devot$ to ! cause ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,n[h]e1 says a ,fr5* hi/orian1 has ! ,*ur* enjoy$ m repute ?an "h4 ,! ,dukes ( ,burgundy1 its bi%ops & p alike1 jo9$ 9 a f]v\r ( lab\r & zeal to assure its p]man5ce & progress4 ,9 addition1 ! ,gallo-,roman rema9s po9t to a =m] city ( pr\d atta9m5ts4 ,! f9e ,roman walls1 beautifully jo9t$1 sans cem5t1 are di/9ctly traceable = a circuit ( p]haps ?ree miles ar\nd ! city4 ,o!r int]e/+ rema9s are two f9e gateways1 commonly ref]r$ to z triumphal ar*es1 :i* !y probably 7 n1 ! ,porte d',arr\x & ! ,porte ,/4 ,&re2 ! ru9s ( an amphi!atre2 & a t[] assign$ to a =m] temple ( ,m9]va4 ,all ^!1 & m1 are f\nd inside ! old walls2 :ile1 )\t1 are rema9s ( an aqu$uct1 ( a t[] d$icat$ to ,janus1 & a ,roman bridge cross+ ! riv] ,tor5ai4 ,x may be int]e/+ = an ,engli%man to recall t ! ,bi%op ( ,autun1 :o (t5 presid$ ov] ! ,national ,assembly1 plead$ 9 va9 ) ,george ,,iii4 = ! adoption1 9 ,engl&1 ( ! ,fr5* metric sy/em4 ,dur+ ! de/ruction ( a =m] build+1 ,/4 ,nazaire1 :i* at "o "t p]=m$ ! functions ( a ca!dral1 ! bi%ops held _! (fices 9 ! *apel ( ! *ateau ( ! ,dukes ( ,burgundy2 b1 ^u ! removal ( ! resid5ce ( ! h\se ( ,burgundy to ,dijon1 transf]r$ _! s]vices to ! pres5t edifice1 :i* _h by t "t be5 complet$4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,laz>e is a *>m+ly graceful1 ?\gh n great1 /ructure1 ma9ly ( ! /yle ogivale premi]1 its e>ly ,lomb>d "w ( ! nave & we/ front be+ ( ! f\ndation ( ,rob]t ,i41 ,duke ( ,burgundy4 ,?is va/ we/]n portal is encas$ 9 a great projective por*1 a feature indig5\s app>5tly to ,burgundy1 & commonly ref]r$ to z ! ,burgundian n>!x4 ,foll[+ come ! *apels & spires1 ( exce$+ grace & beauty1 ( ! ?ird ogivale /yle4 ,! int]ior enri*m5ts1 l ! we/]n doorway1 ) its ,romanesque sculptures1 take rank ) ! be/ 9 ,burgundy4 ,! delicately c>v$ rood-l(t1 or jube1 ! small sculptures ( ! *oir & nave1 & ! flamboyant *apels ( ! fifte5? to sev5te5? c5tury1 *all5ge m9ute att5tion f ^? :o w\ld /udy decorative detail 9 ext5so4 ,! capitals ( c]ta9 columns 9 ! nave h flut$ pila/]s 9 imitation ( ! antique1 b are mo/ curi\sly ornam5t$ ) grotesque & fanta/ic human figures on a backgr\nd ( foliage4 ,! *oir1 ( e>ly po9t$ /yle1 9 its actual disposition & arrangem5t1 may be includ$ 9 t classification :i* compreh5ds "s ( its m important nor!rn compe]s1 ?\gh1 z a matt] ( fact1 x lacks _! magnitude4 ,inde$1 ! build+ is "o ( ! smalle/ ca!drals 9 all ,france4 ,! ext]ior (f]s an impos+ & picturesque ensemble1 ) its crocket$ spire ris+ "s two hundr$ & fifty or m feet above ! ro(-tops ( ! anci5t city4 ,ne>] inspection %[s a c]ta9 incoh]5ce ( con/ruction1 p>ticul>ly 9 ref]5ce to ! evid5ces ( g>i% crudities 9 ! "w done "u ,rob]t ,i4 9 #ajca-gf1 9 contra/ to ! lat] po9t$ "w4 ,! doorway ( ! lat]al s\!rn w+ is ornam5t$ ) a s]ies ( grossly exagg]at$ columns1 9 imitation ( ! antique1 ) ! addition ( an apse1 :i* contra/+ly %[s "w ( a late flamboyant ord]4 ,! spire itself is ! ma/]work ( ! entire /ructure1 &1 unlike ^? :i* surm\nt _m ano!r *ur*1 appe>s n to h suff]$ ! dang]s ( fire4 ,z a fifte5?-c5tury "w1 x m]its special m5tion4 ,ris+ abruptly f a heavy squ>e base1 ! pyramid is v acute1 & is ornam5t$ at ! angles ) foliag$ crockets1 basely call$ /one caulifl[]s by unimag9ative p]sons4 ,"o might say1 ) ! g5tle ,abb ,b\rass1 t ! ornam5tation breaks into sky & cl\d ) an exce$+ly agreeable effect1 f> beyond t ( a /raight l9e4 ,! inconsi/5cy lies only 9 ! juxtaposition ( ! two we/]n transition t[]s1 :i* h h>dly en\gh ( ! ,go?ic 9 !m to m]it ! "n4 ,! l[] w9d[s ( ! nave are ( good flamboyant /yle1 ) a sort ( ,romanesque tri=ium1 & a simple r\nd-head$ w9d[ 9 ea* bay ( ! cl]e/ory1 :i* is ! m poor 9 treatm5t & effect 9 t x holds no notable glass4 ,!re are none ( ^? di/9ctly nor!rn accessories1 ! great rose w9d[s1 & ! :ole reeks ( di/9ctly a mild] atmosph]e4 ,!re is a luxuriance ( decoration 9 ! _m *apels ( diff]5t epo*s4 ,! ext]ior1 9 g5]al1 is ( excessive simplicity2 b1 if x is n to be plac$ among ^? ca!drals & *ur*es accr$it$ ! mo/ notable & mo/ beautiful1 x w1 at lea/1 take rank z "o ( ! mo/ anci5t to be se5 to-day1 & has ! fur!r b5efit ( a glori\s environm5t & association ) ! pa/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ( ,s4 ,b,,nigne ,,dijon ,x ,,/4 ,b,,nigne ,,de ,,dijon ,! p[] & weal? ( ! ,dukes ( ,burgundy1 ^: influ5ce ext5d$ nor?w>d to ! ,ne!rl&s1 :]e !y (t5 held c\rt at ,gh5t & ,bruges1 71 9 a way1 responsible = ! opul5ce & spl5d\r ( ! life ( ! day4 ,s1 too1 ,burgundian ar*itecture became a t]m synonym\s = ! amplitude & gr&eur ) :i* _m ( its in/itutions 7 end[$4 ,! reign ( ,philippe le ,bon1 ) t ( ,*>les ! ,bold1 ! mo/ ambiti\s pr9ce :o ev] grac$ 8 l9e1 0 ! ,augu/an age ( ,burgundian art4 ,x 0 ! dream ( ! latt] to re9c>nate ! old ,burgundian k+dom by annex+ ,lorra9e & subdu+ ! advanc+ ,swiss ,conf$]acy1 an ambition :i* fail$1 l _m o!rs z1 or m1 wor?y4 ,! conqu]$ duke 0 kill$ at ,nancy1 & 0 f9ally buri$ 9 ,notre ,dame at ,bruges4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,bnigne is an outgr[? f ! old abbey *ur*1 f :i* ! ,italian monk1 ,guillaume1 set =? to f\nd t rem>kable s]ies ( mona/]ies 9 ,norm&y & ,brittany4 ,x is said1 too1 t he cross$ ! ,*annel1 & _h a l>ge %>e 9 ! works :i* 7 erect$ at t p]iod 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&4 ,! bi%op's ?rone has be5 e/abli%$ 9 ?is *ur* only s9ce ! ,revolution1 caus$ by ! de/ruction ( 8 =m] ca!dral4 ,! e>ly f\ndations ( ! old abbey date f> back into antiquity1 b ! pres5t ca!dral dates only f ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,commonly consid]$ z ( ,go?ic /yle1 x is 9 e way m sugge/ive ( ! late ,romano-,byzant9e type1 or at lea/ ( ! e>ly transition4 ,!re is1 to be sure1 no pov]ty ( /yle2 b !re is an air ( /ability & firmness ( purpose on ! "p ( its build]s1 r ?an any attempt to ei!r laun* (f into some?+ new or untri$1 or ev5 to consi/5tly rema9 9 an old groove4 ,z a fact1 x is n a v gr& build+4 ,its *oir is small1 & its transepts %ort4 ,9 its plan1 at lea/1 x resembles ! ,byzant9e =m mu* m ?an ! elongat$ ,go?ic1 :]e e proportion seems to rea* out to its utmo/ ext5t4 ,! we/ faade is truly f9e 9 ! disposition ( its p>ts & arrangem5ts4 ,x sugge/s1 m ?an any?+1 a traditional local /yle1 fav\r+ no?+ else to any rem>kable degree except ! ,g]man solidity s (t5 to be not$ 9 ea/]n ,france4 ,! t[]s are firmly set ) unfrequ5t po9t$ op5+s4 ,! c5tral portal & ve/ibule are deep1 & ri* ) a sculptur$ ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,pet] & a delightfully graceful arcade j above ! portal ar*1 & ano!r cross+ ! gable & jo9+ ! t[]s 9 a s+ul>ly effective mann]4 ,a some:at heavy b ri* po9t$ w9d[ ( ?ree lights1 surm\nt$ by a quatrefoil rose1 ) a slight ne$le-l spire :i* rises j above ! gable1 completes ! ensemble4 ,! e>li] "w1 se5 at its be/ 9 ! int]ior1 is t ( ! *oir & transepts1 :]e aga9 ! di/+ui%+ features are local4 ,9 ! transepts ! ar*es op5 directly on ! side *apels1 ! s\!rn arm be+ gorge\s ) brilliant glass4 ,! w9d[s ( *oir & transepts ?r\gh\t are ri*ly trac]i$ & set4 ,! *oir itself is de/itute ( ei!r ambulatory or *apels4 ,a lant]n is plac$ at ! cross+1 support$ by gracefully foliag$ %afts4 ,! nave is ( a mu* lat] p]iod1 & is n ( ! ri*ness ( ! portion ly+ to ! ea/w>d4 ,! w9d[s ( ! cl]e/ory1 9 p>ticul>1 w n be consid]$ ( ! excell5ce ( ^? ( ei!r transept or *oir4 ,! s\? t[] encloses ! tombs ( ,jean sans ,peur & ,philippe le ,h>di4 ,! crypt conta9s ! tomb ( ,/4 ,bnignus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ( ,,notre ,,dame ,,s5lis ,,xi ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,s5lis ,truly rural is a t]m :i* may well be appli$ to ! situation ( ,s5lis1 ! anci5t ,civitas ,sylvanect5sium ( ! ,romans4 ,qua9t & attractive to ! eye is ! entrance to ! t[n f ! railway1 ) its l[-ly+ ro(s1 ov] :i* t[] ! spires ( ! anci5t ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame & ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pi]re4 ,x =ms a het]og5e\s mass ( /one1 to be sure1 & "o :i* looks little en\gh1 at fir/ glance1 l ! delicate & graceful ca!dral :i* makes up ! mass 9 "p4 ,x is1 9 reality1 a confus$ jumble ( t[]s & turrets :i* meets ! eye1 & x takes "s little acqua9tance ) ! details !re( to sep>ate ! ca!dral f ! adjac5t *ur*4 ,! proximity ( ! sees ( ,beauvais1 ,ami5s1 & ,p>is p]haps acc\nts = ! lack ( importance atta*$ to ?is ca!dral4 ,z = ! /ructure itself1 among ! m9or ca!drals ( ,france1 ,s5lis1 ) ,sez & ,c\tances1 mu/ ev] rank z ! pe]s ( t ord]1 ) respect to ! grace & beauty ( _! spires4 ,x may be d\bt$ if ev5 ! spires ( ,*>tres are to be consid]$ z m beautiful ?an ! dim9utive s+le example to be se5 "h1 p>ticul>ly :5 gr\p$ ) its surr\nd+ environm5t4 ,individually1 z well1 its grace & beauty might ev5 take t rank4 ,! dem>cation betwe5 ! base ( ! t[] & ! g5tly dw9dl+ spire is almo/ entirely elim9at$1 )\t ! slighte/ t5d5cy t[>d debasem5t 9 ! /eeple1 :i* too (t5 is m]ely a s]ies ( sup]impos$1 mean+less1 & unbeautiful details4 ,latt]-day build]s1 :o want a model = ! spire ( a mod]ate-siz$ ,go?ic *ur*1 c\ld1 x w\ld seem1 h>dly d bett] ?an to make a replica ( ?is graceful example4 ,9 its faade1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame de ,s5lis p>takes l>gely ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! primitive l[l& types1 rem9isc5t1 at lea/1 ( ,noyon or ,soissons1 &1 z su*1 x may prop]ly be consid]$ & comp>$ ) !m4 ,! transepts ( ! nor? & s\? are n gr& memb]s1 b !y are compact & graceful1 & ! faade ( ! s\!rn arm is ( a highly ornate "*1 bespeak+ a weal? ( ambition1 if n ( ability1 on ! "p ( ! ar*itect4 ,! int]ior1 9 spite ( ! lack ( sculptur$ ornam5t1 %[s no paucity ( /yle1 &1 except t x is ( ! bij\ v>iety1 might take rank at once z repres5tative ( ,go?ic /yle at its be/4 ,"u ^! conditions1 ! nave is naturally conf9$1 & lacks a c]ta9 gr&eur bo? z to wid? & height4 ,! *oir is ( true1 ?\gh n l(ty1 proportions1 ! aisles appe>+ p]haps too l[1 if any?+1 = ! height ( ! nave1 :i* o!rwise appe>s exce$+ly g5]\s ) respect to ! ext5t ( its tri=ium & cl]e/ory4 ,! transepts1 ?\gh %all[1 are possess$ ( unusually amplifi$ aisles1 !re be+1 z a matt] ( fact1 two 9 t portion :i* adjo9s ! nave on ! we/1 a suffici5tly unusual arrangem5t to w>rant comm5t4 ,! rose w9d[s ( ! transepts h graceful design & good fram+1 ?\gh ! glass is n ( ! spl5d\r :i* we associate ) ! mo/ pleas+ examples se5 else:]e4 ,,xii ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,meaux ,to ! ea/w>d ( ,p>is1 "o fir/ f9ds ! true c\ntry atmosph]e at ,meaux1 fam\s = its bi%ops1 its gri/-mills1 & its g5]ally *>m+ environm5t4 ,! picturesque little city is situat$ on ! ,m>ne1 "s ?irty miles f ,p>is1 amid a v]dure :i*1 if n luxuriant1 is1 at lea/1 a fr+e ( gre5 t is appeal+ alike to local pride1 & to ! arti/ or /rang] )9 ! gates4 ,x is an anci5t bi%opric 7n[ suffragan ( ,p>is71 f\nd$ 9 #cge ,a4 ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,eti5ne de ,,meaux ,! ,ca!dral ( ,sa9t ,eti5ne de ,meaux is call$ by ! ,fr5* ! ,*ild ( ,ami5s1 & x w\ld h all ! dignity ( its "m _h b ! nave receiv$ ! same developm5t z ! *oir4 ,its g5]al dim5sions are re/ra9$1 & x %[s 9 no way any rem>kable ar*itectural ensemble2 b1 = all t1 its p[] to please is none ! less great4 ,lack+ a c]ta9 symmetry1 9 itself no great fault1 ! ext]ior gives ! impression ( be+ to-day mu* less gr& & impos+ ?an 0 really plann$4 ,battl$ by w9d & wea!r1 its out] walls h t sc>r$ & ag$ look :i* is a beauty 9 itself4 ,!re are two t[]s1 "o ( :i* is unf9i%$ & capp$ ) an ugly & angul> slate ro(1 s l[ t x h>dly exi/s at all1 s f> z =m+ a di/9ct feature ( ! faade is conc]n$4 ,its companion1 h[ev]1 rises boldly & 9 graceful l9es to a g5]\s height above ! gable4 ,! int]ior plan is regul> & simple1 ) a nave ( five bays1 ! fir/ two f ! we/ be+ divid$ into ! infrequ5t quadruple range ( op5+s1 :ile ! rema9d] consi/ ( ! usual tri=ium & cl]e/ory only4 ,! d\ble aisles ( ! nave are ( unusual height1 9 ord] to admit ( ?is d\ble range ( op5+s4 ,! transepts1 if transepts !y c be consid]$1 are v %all[1 be+ m]ely ! dep? ( ! d\ble aisles ( ! nave & *oir1 & are b>e & unadorn$ s f> z any notable sculpture or glass is conc]n$1 ?\gh ! ar*$ w9d[s :i* hold ! pla9 glass are ( gr& proportions & excell5t design z to _! fram+4 ,! tri=ium1 ?r\gh\t1 is an arcad$ cloi/]-l effect ( slight ar*es1 support$ by sl5d] columns1 ) a s]ies ( glaz$ w9d[s beh9d4 ,x w\ld be a notable & :olly *>m+ arrangem5t 7 ! glass ( ^! w9d[s ri* 9 col\r1 or ev5 old 9 design4 ,!re is an air ( s+ul> lightness1 if n actually ( grace1 ?r\gh\t ! entire nave & *oir1 sup]9duc$1 p]haps1 by ! rec5t :it5+ & po9t+ ( ! masonry2 b ! n infrequ5t bulg+ pi]s1 p>ticul>ly ^? ne>e/ to ! transept cross+1 give a sugge/ion ( unga9l9ess if n ( actual insecurity4 ,! columns ( ! *oir1 support+ a s]ies ( firm & gracefully pois$ ar*es1 are ( unusual height1 some?+ ov] =ty feet1 x w\ld appe>1--produc+ a h>mony ( =m & elegance :i* aga9 rem9ds "o ( ,ami5s4 ,!re are "h copies ( ! n9e ,raphael tape/ry c>toons1 ! orig9als ( :i* are pres]v$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 also ( frescoes by ,guido ,r5i & ,dom5i*9o4 ,! *ief arti/ic1 if n ar*itectural1 *>m to be se5 )9 ! purlieus ( ! ca!dral is t ( ! anci5t *apt]-h\se1 across a n>r[ way1 to ! "r ( ! *ur* itself4 ,?is gem ( m$ival build+ is p]haps n rem>kable z to any ( ! pr9ciples :i* x sets =? 9 its mann] ( con/ruction1 b x takes "o back "s hundr$s ( ye>s1 a %e] plunge f> beyond ! age ( ! mo/ prom95t features ( ! ma9 *ur*1 & gives a ?rill some:at ak9 to ! emotion :i* "o feels :5 he comes across a s+le leaf torn f an old illum9at$ manuscript4 ,?is *>m+ ru91 = x is h>dly m ?an t1 be+ a m]e lumb]-room1 %[s 9 ! wea!r$ look ( its cov]$ /airway ne>ly all ( ! qualities :i* ! pa9t] loves to depict1--col\r1 texture1 &1 above all1 t indescribable *>m :i* arti/ic folk1 & o!rs :o c see z !y d1 call life4 ,cle>ly1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,meaux1 z an int]e/+ %r9e1 may be class$ well at ! head ( ! second>y ca!drals ( ! ?ird ,go?ic p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,sa9t ,,pi]re ,,troyes ,,xiii ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,troyes ,to ! ?or\gh /ud5t ( ,engli% hi/ory1 ,troyes is p]haps fir/ recall$ z be+ ! bir?place ( ! treaty decree+ = ev] a common sov]eign = ,engl& & ,france1 a treaty :i*1 x is m9d$1 /ood no :ile4 ,aga91 "s dubi\s antiqu>y has put x =w>d z ! home ( t v>iety ( weights :i* are n avoirdupois4 ,! ,c\nts ( ,*ampagne _h1 9 ! once well-wall$ city1 bo? a ca/le & a palace4 ,old5-"t h\ses1 good ,go?ic woodwork & ,r5aissance /onework1 are "h 9 abundance2 also1 accord+ to ! au?ority ( ,f]gusson1 a well-nigh p]fect ,go?ic *ur* 9 ,/4 ,urba92 likewise a great ca!dral1--r ugly z to its g5]al outl9e4 ,all ^! are possess$ by ,troyes1 & to-day ! rem9d]s & rema9s ( ea* & all are exce$+ly vivid & sub/antial4 ,c]ta9 ca!drals ( ,france %[ pla9ly ! diff]5t phases & developm5ts ( ! art ( build+ ?r\gh :i* !y h pass$2 o!rs indicate little1 if any1 deviation f a c]ta9 accept$ /yle4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,troyes is ( ! fir/ category4 ,"h is ,go?ic 9 all its v>iations4 ,its environm5t1 too1 is *>act]i/ic ( ! _m v>y+ moods ?r\gh :i* its con/itu5cy has pass$4 ,a truly m$ival city 9 ! picturesqu5ess ( its old] portions1 ,troyes is fam$ alike 9 affairs ( ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,! dim5sions ( ! ,ca!dral at ,troyes1 :i* approa* ^? ( ! gr& gr\p1 & ! g5]al maje/y ( its int]ior only fur!r ?is op9ion4 ,! ma9 body cov]s ! none too frequ5t arrangem5t ( five aisles1 :i*1 foll[+ ?r\gh ! transept1 cont9ue1 ) ! d\ble pair on ea* side1 to likewise girdle ! *oir4 ,! spl5d\r ( imm5sity is fur!r enhanc$ by its l>ge w9d[s1 includ+ two rose op5+s set ) old glass1 & ! g5]al ri*ness ( its sculptur$ decorations4 ,! abside ( ! *oir is rank$ among ! be/ ,go?ic works ( ! "t4 ,! *oir1 begun 9 #abjf1 is compos$ ( ?irte5 arcades1 symbolical ( ,*ri/ & ! twelve apo/les1 f ! *ief ( :om ! ca!dral takes its "n4 ,! w9d[s ( ! tri=ium are l>ge & divid$ into f\r comp>tm5ts4 ,! g5]al disposition ( ! *oir1 ) its radiat+ *apels1 is sup]b2 & x is exactly ?is satisfy+1 ?\gh p]haps undef9able1 quality t is (ttimes lack+ 9 an orig9ally well-plann$ "w :i* fails to inspire "o4 ,! *oir conta9s an iron grille ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ( v beautiful workman%ip1 & is surr\nd$ by five hexagonally sid$ *apels4 ,! pr9cipal portion ( ! nave1 erect$ 9 ! f\rte5?1 fifte5?1 & sixte5? c5turies1 int]rupt$ n[ & aga9 by w> & civil di/ractions1 be>s indelible impress ( its cont9u$ c5turies ( gr[?4 ,! pr9cipal faade ( ! fifte5? c5tury--accr$it$ to "o ,m>t9 ,*ambige & erect$ j aft] ! nave took =m--is ( ! ri*ness ( ,go?ic only j previ\s to its decl9e4 ,!re are ?ree portals1 :i* are b>e ( sculptur$ figures1 z inde$ is ! :ole we/ front4 ,9 arrangem5t1 x resembles ! frontispieces ( c]ta9 ( ! gr& ca!drals1 &1 ?\gh lack+ _! sculptur$ ornat5ess1 is ?or\ghly satisfy+ z a decorative frontage4 ,_h x be5 execut$ fifty ye>s lat]1 x w\ld be h>d to imag9e to :at dep?s its l9es might n h fall54 ,z x is1 ! upp] ranges ( ! t[] sugge/ ! ?\ght4 ,! w9d[s ( ! aisle & ( ! cl]e/ory ( ! nave1 :5 view$ f ! ext]ior1 are gr&ly trac]i$ & gracefully c\pl$ by a s]ies ( light1 firm buttresses1 :i* rise1 only f ! gables ( ! l[] set1 ov] ! l[-ly+ ro( to ! spr+ ( ! ar* ( ! upp] range4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,troyes sugge/s1 9 a mild way1 ! %e] glass walls s frequ5tly ref]r$ to by adul\s ,fr5* critics :5 *ant+ ! praises ( ! highly develop$ lightness ( _! indig5\s /yle4 ,?is is fur!r acc5tuat$ :5 "o notes ! glaz$ tri=ium1 a decorative feature rem9isc5t ( t at ,sez1 ,nev]s1 ,t\rs1 & ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\54 ,troyes is "o ( ^? prom95t ca!dral cities ( ,ca?olic ,france :]e( ! *ur*man deplores ! fact t its m5 are n ( ! *ur*-go+ class1 & t its congregations are mo/ly ( ! fair sex4 ,be ?is z x may1 except 9 ,brittany1 :]e ! :ole population appe>s unusually dev\t1 ! /ricture is probably true 9 a great measure ( all ( ! nor? ( ,france2 &1 be x "h said1 rec5t political edicts w d\btless n t5d to increase ! propag&a ( piety4 ,! nor? gable1 ) its portal & rose w9d[1 is ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 &1 ) ! lu/r\s rose ( ! s\? transept1 =ms a pair ( brilliant jewels :i* are h>dly excell$ else:]e1 n ev5 by ! encircl$ spl5d\r ( ! =ty-foot op5+s at ,reims & ,ami5s1 ! equally ext5sive "o ( ! nor? transept at ,r\51 or1 mo/ spl5did ( all1 ! galaxy at ,*>tres4 ,^! m>vels ( ,fr5* +5uity & inv5tion are n[h]e m spl5didly proportion$ or embelli%$ ?an at ,troyes1 & are equally attractive view$ f ei!r )9 or )\t4 ,! *ief tresor consi/s ( a s]ies ( wond]ful m$ival enamels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,sa9t ,,eti5ne ,,s5s ,,xiv ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,s5s ,says ! ,abb ,b\rass1 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful titles to glory 9 a *ur* is ! antiquity ( its f\ndation1 h5ce1 mo/ ,fr5* antiqu>ies :o h writt5 ^u ! subject ( ! celebrat$ ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,eti5ne ( ,s5s h enl>g$ ^u its glori\s antiquity4 ,to prove or v]ify ! fact z to :e!r ,/4 ,sav9i5 or ,/4 ,pot5ti5 0 ! fir/ to prea* ,*ri/ian religion "h w\ld be a labori\s und]tak+4 ,evid5ces & k ( ,roman works are n want+1 & e>ly ,*ri/ian edifices ( ! ,romanesque ord] mu/ naturally h foll[$4 ,"o le>ns t an e>ly *ur* on ?is site 0 entirely de/roy$ by fire 9 #igj1 & t a new edifice _h progress$ s f> t x 0 d$icat$ 9 #iig4 ,?is1 9 turn1 0 mo/ly rebuilt1 &1 two hundr$ ye>s lat] 7#aafh71 took ! =m ( ! pres5t ca!dral4 ,x 0 complet$1 9 a r pla9 & heavy ogival /yle1 "u ! capable direction ( ! ,william :o came to ,cant]bury1 9 response to a call1 to rebuild ! *oir ( t ,engli% *ur* 9 #aagd4 ,x is ?is l9k1 & possibly a sight ( ! ve/m5ts ( ,becket1 n[ pres]v$ among ! tresor ( ,s5s1 t b9ds its memory ) ,engli% contempor>y life4 ,:atev] may be ! cont5tions wag$ z to ! claims ( ,engli% ,go?ic1 x is univ]sally & unimpea*ably admitt$ t ,guillaume de ,s5s rebuilt t fam\s *oir ( ,cant]bury1 & built x well1 & ( a new] ord] ( design ?an any previ\s "w 9 ,engl&4 ,s let x /&4 ,tak5 by itself1 ! ,ca!dral at ,s5s is a high example ( ,*ri/ian art4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is comp>$ ) ! gr& gr\p1 x is relegat$ imm$iately to ! second rank4 ,! int]ior1 f> m ?an ! ext]ior1 %[s a visible disp>ity ( unifi$ /yle4 ,romano-,byzant9e1 transition1 & ogival are all f\nd 9 ! nave & *oir1 ) ! flamboyant1 ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 9 ! ornam5tal trac]y ( ! w9d[s ( ! transepts4 ,"s visible rema9s ( ! e>li] /ructure are %[n1 built into ! elev5? c5tury walls4 ,( ! same p]iod are o!r evid5ces ( a =m] erection1 to be not$ 9 ! aisles4 ,! transept & ! great] "p ( ! nave are ( ! c5tury foll[+1 & ( ! e>ly ?irte5?1 & f9ally ! ?ree arcades1 by :i* ! nave is ent]$1 are some?+ v ak9 to ! full-bl[n ,r5aissance ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! g5]al plan is symmetrical1 & sev]e1 only ! tw5ty *apels be+ ungracefully dispos$4 ,t5 ( ^! are 9 ! *oir & t5 9 ! nave4 ,= ! antiqu>y1 v]s$ 9 religi\s ar*ology1 ! ,ca!dral ( ,s5s w\ld appe>1 f ! v inconsi/5cies & exub]ance ( its /yle1 to be ( great int]e/4 ,! fragm5ts t rema9 ( its =m] magnific5t glass1 ! sculptur$ monum5ts1 & ! tombs & curiosities ( ! tresor1 :i* escap$ ,revolution>y spoliation1 all comb9e 9 a glori\s attraction = "o :o has ! "t & incl9ation to delve into ! rem9isc5ce ( hi/ory & association ( a pa/ age4 ,! glass ( ! *oir1 & ( ! *apel ( ,/4 ,sav9i51 is ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! col\r is exce$+ly brilliant1 lively1 & h>moni\s1 ) ! iridesc5ce ( a mosaic ( preci\s /ones4 ,! sixte5?-c5tury glass1 none ! less ?an ! fram+ itself1 ( ! gr& rose w9d[s ( ! nor? & s\? transepts1 is equally rem>kable z to design & col\r4 ,! =m] repres5ts ! ,glorification ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ! latt] ,ev5ts 9 ! ,life ( ,/4 ,eti5ne4 ,! tresor ( ! ca!dral is v num]\s & is consid]$ ! ri*e/ 9 all ,france4 ,! mo/ notable are a reliqu>y ( gold1 set ) sapphires & pe>ls1 conta9+ a fragm5t ( ! ,true ,cross1 giv5 by ,*>lemagne 9 ! ye> #hjj2 f\r magnific5t tape/ries ( ! "t ( ,*>les ,v41 repres5t+ ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi2 & ! pontifical robes ( ,/4 ,?omas 7 ,becket71 *asuble1 aube1 /ole1 manipule1 cordon1 two mitres1 & two coll>s4 ,?is c\rage\s ar*bi%op1 p]secut$ by ,h5ry ,,ii41 took refuge 9 ,s5s 9 #aafb4 ,an elaborate tomb 7( ! eighte5? c5tury71 by ,con/ant1 is ! mausoleum ( ! ,dauph91 fa!r ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,"p ,,vi ,we/]n ,norm&y & ,brittany ,i ,,introductory ,mo/ p :o h read ,rusk91 & mo/ p h done s--9 ! pa/1 w und\bt$ly concur ) 8 dictum t ,r\5's associat$ ,norman cities1 ,bayeux1 ,ca51 ,c\tances1 ,/4 ,lo1 ,lisieux1 & ,dieppe1 run ! entire gamut ( m$ival ar*itectural notes2 or1 z ,rusk9 himself has put x1 f ! ,romanesque to ! flamboyant4 ,he might well h add$1 ! ,r5aissance & ! pseudo-classicism ( a lat] day4 ,beauties !re are 9 ?is region1 galore2 & ! examples :i* no long] exi/1 b ( :i* ! records tell1 po9t to a /ill l>g] aggregate4 ,:o ?9ks to-day ( ,c\tances z ( be+ a ca!dral t[n8 ,& yet1 !re is )9 x1 z to ! g5]al effect ( situation & ! magnitude ( its t[]+ p9nacles1 an edifice :i* p]haps outranks all b ! v greate/4 ,mo/ likely no ?\ght is giv5 x at all1 except t ,c\tances is some:]e on ! railway l9e betwe5 ,*]b\rg & ,p>is1 or t x is ne> unto ,bayeux2 also possess$ ( a magnific5t ca!dral1 b ^: greate/ fame lies 9 a c]ta9 false s5tim5t associat$ ) its fam\s tape/ry4 ,n t ?is great "w is to be decri$1--f> f x1 b ! _s ) :i* x is s (t5 view$ %\ld be a matt] ( scorn = e broad-m9d$ travell]4 ,lisieux1 too1 has a weal? ( attraction = ^? :o fondly admire reek+ picturesqu5ess & old timb]$ h\ses1 ?\gh its ca!dral w n please4 ,pug9 c\ld n resi/ depict+ _m ( ^! delightful old h\ses ( ,lisieux 9 8 book on ,norm&y1 ?\gh1 unlike ,rusk91 he _h no eye = its ca!dral2 mo/ ( u w n h4 ,s mu*1 !n1 z a plea = a m s9c]e & ?or\gh appreciation ( ! *>ms ( we/]n ,norm&y4 ,x is *eap2 accessible1 & has a practically inexhau/ible /ore ( treasure = ! travell] or /ud5t ( limit$ "t or money1 b :o w n make ( x ! usual m]e bank-holiday scamp]4 ,! same applies also to ,brittany1 :i* is treat$ else:]e1 ) ?is proviso1 t ! t\ri/ afoot or a:eel is f> bett] equipp$ ?an he :o has to dep5d ^u /eam & ! rail1 two at lea/ ( ,brittany's ca!drals be+ (f ! l9e4 ,,ii ,,notre ,,dame ,d',,evreux ,! ,ca!dral at ,evreux is ano!r ( ^? edifices :i* gives "o its be/ impression :5 fir/ se5 ^u ent]+ ! city4 ,*>m+ly1 possibly romantically1 situat$1 x lies 9 a %all[ valley ) all ! picturesqu5ess ( its v>i$ /yle limn$ aga9/ ! sky 9 truly impressioni/ic fa%ion4 ,?is impression1 :5 view$ f ! slight em95ce by :i* ! railway ent]s ! t[n1 is a vi/a ( rambl+ ro(s & a long1 slop+ /reet runn+ g5tly d[n to ! v foot ( ! /ructure1 :i*1 set ab\t & int]sp]s$ ) v]dure1 z x is 9 ! spr+ & summ] mon?s1 w>rants "o 9 c\nt+ 8 introduction to ?is *>m+ly attractive1 ?\gh non-consi/5t1 type ( *ur*1 z "o ( ! ev5ts :i* w live 9 memory = ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame d',evreux ,if t[]+ spires & p9nacles 7 a s9e qua non = a great & impos+ ar*itectural /yle1 ?is *ur* w\ld at once rank z "o ( ! mo/ delightful examples extant2 = ^! v features1 albeit !y are mo/ly ( :at we h come to accept z a debas$ =m ( art1 are nev]!less possess$ ( a gr&eur & magnific5ce :i* 9 _m wor?y examples are entirely lack+4 ,! pair ( we/]n t[]s1 ( ,romanesque f\ndation1 7 develop$1 n 9 :at "o kn[s z ,go?ic1 b ( ! manife/ & (f5sive pseudo-classic ord]4 ,!y are capp$1 h[ev]1 ) some?+ m ak9 to ,moori% or an ,ea/]n t]m9ation ?an ,italian4 ,! spire :i* surm\nts ! c5tral cross+ is1 )\t "q1 a rem9isc5ce ( mu* t has be5 accept$ z good ,go?ic =m 9 ! great c5tral-t[]$ ,engli% *ur*es4 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t ?is c h>dly be d5i$2 b ?is r weak1 effem9ate spire1 :i* =ms su* an unusual attribute ( a ,fr5* ca!dral1 m ?an qualifies its "r to a place 9 ! fir/ rank ( spires4 ,z = ! re/ ( ! ext]ior1 x is a mlange ( ne>ly e kn[n ar*itectural /yle4 ,und5iably f9e 9 p>ts1 l ! curate's egg1 if a "t-worn simile may be p]mitt$1 x =ms an ensemble :i* w\ld preclude its ev] be+ accord$ unqualifi$ praise f ev5 ! mo/ lib]al-m9d$ & optimi/ic en?usia/4 ,by f> ! mo/ coh]5t view to be _h ne> by is t f ! g>d5s ( ! ,ar*bi%op's ,palace imm$iately to ! re>w>d ( ! *oir4 ,"h ! clipp$ trees1 ! w>m col\r$ wall1 along :i* ! v9es are tra9$1 & :at 0 once a canal1 or moat1 9 ! =egr\nd1 comb9e to pres5t a s+ul>ly arti/ic & pleas+ composition4 ,! nor? transept1 ( ,bi%op le ,v5eur1 is ( ! sup]lative degree ( its era 7e>ly sixte5? c5tury71 bord]+ ^u ! pr(usion ( splay$ ornam5t :i* s soon aft] turn$ to dross1 b /&+1 z x does1 ( itself1 cle>ly def9$4 ,! gulf 0 f9ally cross$ :51 less ?an a half-c5tury lat]1 ! incongru\s we/ front ) its ill-mann]$ t[]s 0 built1--9 itself a subject wor? a deal ( /udy f ! arti/ :o w\ld picture grav5 /one1 b contra/+ unfav\rably en\gh ) ! heights to :i* ,fr5* ecclesia/ical ar*itecture _h j previ\sly so>$4 ,"h is (f]$ ! "o unifi$ ,r5aissance faade ( a ,fr5* ca!dral1 weld$1 z x 71 9 unwor?y fa%ion1 to a fabric ) :i* x has no?+ 9 common4 ,! /one-mason "h sup]s$$ ! craftsman2 &1 ) ! t]m9ation ( ! reign ( ,franois ,i41 & foll[+ ) t ( ,h5ry ,,ii41 came ! fl[]+ rankness ( a deg5]ate we$1 leav+1 z evid5ce ( its contam9at+ influ5ce 9 ?is "o example alone1 traces ( ne>ly e classical ord]1 f ! simple ,doric column to a hybrid :i* %all be unnam$4 ,! int]ior pres5ts a g5]al array ( incongruities q z rem>kable z ^? ( ! ext]ior4 ,! nave is v n>r[2 b ! *oir wid5s out p]haps a doz5 feet on ei!r side1 add+ immeasurably to an effect :i* is f> m impressive ?an might o!rwise be suppos$4 ,! nave itself %[s _m v>ieties ( build+1 rang+ f ! ,go?ic ( ! e>ly twelf? to ! late fifte5? c5turies2 ! l[] "p & ! ea/]ly bays are ,romanesque1 or :at p]haps has be5 popul>ly accept$ z ,norman1 & date f #aabe2 ! rema9d] & ! tri=ium are ( a c5tury lat]4 ,! *oir is ( ! decorat$ species ( ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury1 ) its arcad$ tri=ium glaz$1 :]eas 9 ! nave x is )\t glass4 ,! lady-*apel1 ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xi41 %[s t inevitable m>k ( deg5]acy1 ! fleur-de-lys1 9 ! elaborat$ trac]y ( ! w9d[ fram+4 ,! glass "h is1 h[ev]1 excell5t1 9 effect at any rate1 ) its gorge\s figures ( knights1 angels1 & pe]s ( ,france1 drawn ) a ma/]ly skill :i* is (t5 lack+ 9 ev5 m preci\s glass4 ,! *apel scre5s1 "s tw5ty 9 all1 are wondr\sly turn$ & c>v$ ( wood4 ,?is leads "o to v5ture ! ?\ght t ! simil> decorative embelli%m5ts ( ! ,r5aissance *teaux ( ! ,loire c\ntry 7 sl[ly creep+ nor?w>d1 & leav+ _! impress ^u ! "w ( ! ecclesia/ical build] & decorator4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! num]\s f9e examples ( ! art ( ! wood-c>v]1 to be se5 9 ?is ca!dral1 bespeak mu* = ! decorative quality ( wood1 :5 us$ consid]ately 9 conjunction ) /one4 ,!re are two rose w9d[s1 ( ! petal species1 unque/ionably f9e z to fram+1 b leav+ little space = ! effect ( ! glass1 :i* !y hold only 9 small proportion4 ,! treasury1 alone1 is enclos$ ) iron b>s1 & a grille ( graceful late fl[+ ironwork =ms ! scre5 ( ! *oir4 ,altoge!r ! ,ca!dral at ,evreux w be rememb]$ q z mu* = its wond]ful array ( wood5 & iron grilles z = any o!r ( ! specific details among its mass ( g5]al attributes4 ,illu/ration3 ,w9d[ ,fram+--,evreux ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame d',al5on ,,iii ,,notre ,,dame ,d',,al5,,on ,?is =m] capital ( ! du*y ( ! same "n is a sleepy1 c\ntrifi$ ,fr5* t[n1 ) little b its reput$ly valuable & beautiful lace to comm5d x to ! av]age obs]v]4 ,z a ca!dral t[n1 ( ev5 second>y rank1 x w fall f> %ort ( any preconceiv$ ideas :i* "o may be possess$ ( conc]n+ x1 ?\gh its ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame is 9 _m ways "o ( ^? irresi/ible %r9es1 :i* at lea/ promise1 & (t5 fulfil1 a great deal m ?an _! lack ( magnitude indicates4 ,its faade1 lack+ ! conv5tional t[]s1 advances well into ! roadway1 z a sort ( =w>d por*2 z at ,l\vi]s ne> by4 ,?is por* is v ornate1 ) decorations ( ! late ,go?ic p]iod ( fl[+ trac]y4 ,aft] all1 x is an incongru\s sort ( a build+1 9 t only ?is por* & its squat c5tral t[]1 :i* is n\ght b a m]e cupola1 are 9 ! lea/ decorative4 ,! nave1 ! *oir & *evet1 & *apels1 are all ( a b>5ess :i* only exagg]ates ! floridness ( ^! o!r app5dages4 ,! nave itself is b "o hundr$ & t5 feet long1 & p]haps a scant ?irty wide1 & dates f ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x conta9s good glass ( ! same p]iod1 :i* luckily escap$ ! spoliation ( ! ,revolution4 ,! *oir is m mod]n1 & mu* pla9] 9 treatm5t1 & is b fifty-five feet 9 l5g? & ( ! same wid? z ! nave4 ,!re are no transepts2 9 %ort1 ! *ief & mo/ int]e/+ features ( ! *ur* are ! be=e m5tion$ details1 :i*1 unque/ionably bord]+ ^u ! debasem5t ( ,go?ic art1 are 9 e way attractive1 ) lightness & col\r1 if su* an expression may be appli$ to gray /one4 ,c]ta9ly ! play ( sunlight on gracefully c>v5 /one is indicative ( a brilliancy :i* might be t]m$ an effect ( col\r2 & x is ) respect to t quality t ! we/ faade ( ,notre ,dame d',al5on appeals2 m ?an z an o!rwise gr& or ev5 highly int]e/+ /ructure4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,lisieux ,,iv ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,lisieux ,lisieux1 ! city ( ! ,lexavii1 tak5 by ,cs> & besieg$ by ,ge(frey ,plantag5et2 its old h\ses2 its crook$ /reets & picturesque decay2 ) its =m] ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re 7,m4 ,h471 memorable z ! m>riage place ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 & ,eleanor ( ,gui5ne2 all g to make up ! =mula ( "o ( ! /ock sights ( ,norm&y4 ,x is sc>cely an attractive t[n1 9 spite ( its picturesque sordidness1 made ! m s by ! smoke aris+ f _m bel*+ factory *imneys4 ,9 fact1 "o has difficulty 9 ?9k+ ( x z a ca!dral t[n at all2 &1 z su*1 x h>dly claims m ?an a brief rsum ( its important features4 ,a mu* m int]e/+1 impressive1 & comm&+ *ur* is t ( ,/4 ,jacques1 :i* at lea/ has ! /amp ( a p]sonality1 :i* 9 ! ca!dral itself is entirely want+1 s f> z "o's lat5t sympa?ies are conc]n$4 ,9 spite ( ! purity ( t :i* is ,go?ic 9 its fabric1 x has little ( t quality :i* ar\ses admiration1 & :i*1 reg>dless ( ! edict ( a c]ta9 se] & prophet1 is mo/ly t = :i* we rev]e a great monum5t1--its p[] to sway u impressively4 ,mr4 ,rusk9 has tak5 great pa9s to comm5d ! s\!rn portal z be+ "o ( ! mo/ qua9t & pleas+ doors 9 all ,norm&y1--a non-committal en\gh /atem5t1 mo/ w admit1 & "o ) :i* we are n oblig$ to agree4 ,a broad]-m9d$ obs]v] w\ld h said t ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* pres5ts a unity ( design1 v unusual 9 a m$ival "w1--excell$ by no o!r example 9 ,france4 ,! great] "p ( ! nave1 *oir1 & transepts is ! "w ( "o epo* only2 &1 z "s writ]s h x1 ( "o man1 ,bi%op ,od]icus ,vitalis1 :o di$ %ortly aft] its completion1 9 ! latt] "p ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,z a /yle1 x may be said to be ei!r ! la/ ( ! transition or ( ! v e>lie/ ,go?ic4 ,c]ta9ly ?is is some?+ 9 its fav\r2 b ! g5]al *>m ( its imm$iate surr\nd+s is lack+1 & ! effect ( its int]ior1 ) ! dim9utive w9d[s ( ! nave & cl]e/ory1 does n t5d to satisfy1 or ev5 gratify1 "o ) ! s5se ( pleasure :i* p]haps its m cr$itable features des]ve4 ,^! are n :olly want+2 =1 ( c\rse1 "o mu/ n =get t doorway ( ,rusk9's nor ! q idyllic proportions ( ! nave ) its uni=m massive pill>s4 ,! lady-*apel 0 f\nd$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury by ! rascally ,cau*on1 ,bi%op ( ,beauvais1 :o1 ) 8 bro!r1 prelate ( ,w9*e/]1 s gleefully burn$ ,joan ( ,arc4 ,?is mu* he did 9 expiation ( 8 false judgm5t1 ?\gh1 except z a memorial ( 8 significant remorse1 ! *apel itself w\ld h>dly be rem>kable4 ,! cl]e/ory ( nave & *oir is consid]ably lat]4 ,! transepts v>y z to _! w9d[s1 & ! tri=ium ar*es are "h at a diff]5t level f ^? 9 ! nave4 ,! g5]al ext]ior view ( ! ca!dral is h>dly satisfactory f any po9t4 ,on ?ree sides x is almo/ entirely hemm$ 9 by surr\nd+ /ructures1 & ! frontage1 on ! great op5 ,place ,?i]s1 is ! fir/ & ! la/ opportunity ( an unob/ruct$ view4 ,z ! ,abb ,b\rass wrote ( ! ,ca!dral at ,arras1 x is be/ se5 f a di/ance1 ab\t t1 we %\ld say1 f :i* ! accompany+ draw+ 0 made4 ,! g>d5s ( ! ,s\s-,prefecture1 =m]ly ! ,bi%op's ,palace1 %\ld =m 9 a way a cool gre5 sett+ = ! *ur*2 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 !y d no?+ ( ! sort1 s9ce ! enorm\s mass ( a none too good ,r5aissance faade ext5ds along q two-?irds ( ! l5g? ( ! ca!dral on ! nor?1 & blankets x ?or\ghly1 sc>cely m ?an ! r /ubby t[] ( ! we/ front be+ visible above ! ro( ( ! o!r /ructure4 ,lisieux app>5tly nev] rank$ z an important see1 b dep5d$ = ! prom95ce :i* x atta9$ previ\s to ! ,revolution1 :5 ! see 0 aboli%$1 on its association ) ,r\51 to :i* x 0 atta*$4 ,! neighb\r+ ,ca!drals ( ,sez1 ,bayeux1 & ,c\tances f> outrank ,/4 ,pi]re de ,lisieux 9 size1 beauty1 & importance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame de ,s,,ez 444 ,v ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,s,,ez ,! anci5t ,civitas ,sagiorum ( ! ,romans is n[ a bi%opric1 suffragan ( ,r\54 ,?is anci5t ,gallic /ronghold1 :i* f>$ h>dly 9 ! ,anglo-,norman w>s1 pres5ts to-day ! impression ( be+ a t[n some:at small] ?an ! usual small t[n ( ,france4 ,x also has ?is advantage1--x is comp>atively unkn[n to t\ri/s1 & likewise to "s map-mak]s2 all ( :i* is decid$ly 9 its fav\r4 ,seldom is ,sez includ$ 9 ! it9]>y ( ! t\ri/1 ev5 ?\gh x is situat$ 9 ! he>t ( ! popul> prov9ce4 ,except = ! fact t its *>m+ ca!dral is n ( ! g5]\s proportions fir/ impress$ ^u "o1 x is difficult to realize t su* a noble ar*itectural memorial %\ld s (t5 be ov]look$ & app>5tly neglect$ by ^? :o might f9d a great deal ( pleasure1 & incid5tal pr(it1 f a contemplation !re(4 ,z a t[n ( celebrat$ hi/ory1 ,sez is ( f> m relative rank ?an its ca!dral1 :i*1 9 spite ( its _m beauties & *>m ( detail1 has suff]$ p]haps m ?an any o!r 9 ,france1 & yet kept a fairly pure e>ly ,go?ic /yle2 ref]r+ to ! _m additions & repairs made necess>y by crumbl+ walls & s9k+ f\ndations4 ,! wor/ t has aris5 f ?is unhappy /ate ( affairs is1 n t !re has be5 any s]i\s admixture ( /yle1 b r t "o gross int]polation has be5 foi/$ ^u an o!rwise symmetrical :ole1--! enorm\s advanc+ buttresses :i* flank ! portal ( ! we/]n faade2 an addition ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 nei!r graceful nor decorative1 & only made necess>y by a tott]+ wall4 ,a pity x is t "s o!r equally effective me?od 0 n adopt$4 ,! ca!dral is1 9 a way1 a satisfy+ repres5tation ( ! ca!dral ( our imag9ation4 ,f a di/ance1 at lea/1 & 9 comp>ison ) ! l[-ly+ /ructures r\nd ab\t1 x c]ta9ly appe>s z ( great proportions1 uni=m & complete 9 itself4 ,imm$iate contact ) x some:at dispels ^! *>ms4 ,all ?+s consid]$1 "o f9ds "h1 9 ?is idyllic1 c\ntrifi$ sett+1 a v attractive & fairly consi/5t ,m$ival ,go?ic *ur* ( ! epo* contempor>y ) t ( ! be/ "w ( ! nor!rn build]s1 %[+ unmi/akable evid5ce ( hav+ be5 laid d[n on good l9es1 & aft] a good design1 9 spite ( ! /ructural defects ( its f\ndations4 ,f any direction x may be view$ across a qu>t] ( a mile ( pl\gh$ fields4 ,! great national highroad1 f ! ,*annel to ,bordeaux1 passes /raight z a die ?r\gh ! t[n1 & ! cross-c\ntry l9e ( ! ,*em9 de-,f] de ,oue/ ambles sl[ly nor?w>d or s\?w>d2 ) little occurr+ to break ! quietude ( local ease4 ,! native is = ! mo/ "p engag$ 9 g>n]+ f 8 truck f>m1 or 9 c>ry+ its product to ! railway1 to be transport$ to m>ket1 & pays little att5tion to ! /ray travell] :o occasionally w&]s 9 to /udy ! ar*itectural (f]+ ( ! t[n4 ,a complet$ *ur* 0 "h 9 #ajej1 hav+ be5 erect$ by a monk1 ,azon by "n4 ,?is 0 burn$ to ! gr\nd 9 an attempt to drive out a robb] b& :i* _h tak5 %elt] !re94 ,leo ,,ix4 engag$ ,yves1 ,c\nt ( ,bellne & ! ,bi%op ( ,al5on1 to rebuild x1 & re/ore its =m] spl5d\r4 ,?is 0 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 b1 lat]1 ow+ to ! insecure f\ndations1 x 0 pull$ d[n & rebuilt aga94 ,n[ no?+ rema9s ( ! =m] twelf? & ?irte5? c5tury "w b ! lady-*apel ( ! *oir4 ,! int]ior ( ! nave is1 at pres5t1 entirely fill$ ) scaffold+1 :i* looks z ?\gh x might n be remov$ = ye>s4 ,z a re/orative policy ?is is comm5dable & 0 necess>y1 b x detracts f "o's intimate acqua9tance ) details4 ,ab\t ! only la/+ impression ( ! nave t c n[ be obta9$ is t its proportions are sup]b1 & t its cyl9drical pill>s1 ) _! foliag$ capitals1 w\ld be notable any:]e4 ,9 g5]al effect ! *oir is *>m+1 hav+ gone ?r\gh ! re/orative process & app>5tly suff]$ little !reby4 ,x pres5ts ! unusual basilica =m ( sett+ ! alt> =w>d on a plat=m rais$ a few /eps4 ,! transepts are ( q idyllic proportions1 ea* possess+ an ample rose w9d[ :i* makes up 9 design & fram+ :at x may lack 9 ! quality ( glass ) :i* x is set4 ,^! transepts1 too1 h und]gone ! usual re/oration1 & h come safely ?r\gh ) little sad effect4 ,x is to be hop$ t ^! cont9u$ re/orations w be c>ri$ out ) ! same good ta/e1 & 9 a l consi/5t mann]4 ,if s1 !re w be pres5t$ = ! delectation ( g5]ations ( ! ne> future "o ( ! mo/ pleas+ ( ! small] ca!drals 9 all ,france4 ,! tri=ium ( ! *oir1 & ( ! nave s f> z x c be obs]v$ ?r\gh ! ob/ruct+ scaffold+1 is s+ul>ly light & graceful1 & ! w9d[ fram+ ?r\gh\t1 ?\gh entirely lack+ notable glass1 is ( manife/ good design4 ,9 f9e1 !n1 ! g5]al effect ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame de ,sez is "o ( lightness & grace1 & x may be consid]$ z an extraord9>ily f9e ar*itectural monum5t1 9 spite ( ! anomalies ( its we/ front4 ,! tw9 spires rise gracefully = p]haps two hundr$ & fifty feet1 & are aft] ! be/ mann] ( ! great ,go?ic build]s2 ( true proportions1 & ( ! dw9dl+ pyramidal =m s mu* approv$4 ,! faade1 betwe5 ! t[]s & ! extraord9>y buttresses1 is completely fill$ ) an ample ,go?ic portal1 :i*1 ?\gh entirely de/itute ( sculpture1 or inde$ c>v+ ( any sort1 (f]s a significant opportunity = "s future ef=ts 9 ?is direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ( ,,notre ,,dame ,,bayeux ,,vi ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,bayeux ,! magnific5tly impressive ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame is p]haps less intimately associat$ ) ,bayeux 9 ! av]age m9d ?an is ! wond]ful /ory-tell+ tape/ry :i* is domicil$ 9 ! same city4 ,z = ?is treasure ( ! pa/1 x is a subject s va/1 & ( su* great significance1 9 bo? hi/ory & art1 t x has _m times be5 made ! subject ( weighty consid]ation4 ,a well-kn[n ,engli% amateur1 ! ,hon\rable ,e4 ,j4 ,l[ell1 has /at$ t popul> tradition has cr$it$ x z ! h&iwork ( ,matilda1 ,que5 ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 :o work$ x to commemorate 8 glori\s a*ievem5ts4 ,if ?is be really s1 ! que5 0 probably assi/$ l>gely by ! ladies ( h] c\rt1 z ! ext5sive "w1 measur+ "s hundr$ & sixty odd feet1 c\ld h>dly h be5 accompli%$ s+le-h&$4 ,pr(essor ,freeman assigns x to a simil> p]iod1 b work$1 z he ?9ks1 by ,engli% workm51 = ,odo1 ,bi%op ( ,bayeux1 ! ,conqu]or's half-bro!r4 ,a previ\s acqua9tance ) ! great ca!drals ( ! ,isle ( ,france w t5d some:at to nullify ! effect :i* is produc$ by ,notre ,dame de ,bayeux1 al?\gh1 9 po9t ( size & g5]al arrangem5ts1 at lea/1 x fulfils its functions p]haps m acceptably ?an _m a m r5[n$ edifice4 ,its situation1 on ! side ( a /eep slope1 produces a curi\s effect1 fir/1 ) respect to ! *oir *evet1 :i* is ?us %[n z r gaunt & b>e 9 its l[] elongat$ /ages1 ?\gh und5iably a f9e "w 9 itself2 secondly1 9 ! g5]al int]ior view :]e1 f ! we/]n entrance1 "o comes ^u ! nave pavem5t a doz5 or m /eps bel[ ! portal1 & aga9 meets ) ! same effect fur!r on at ! transept cross+4 ,!re w\ld appe> to h be5 no o!r way b ?is ( plac+ above gr\nd :at might o!rwise h be5 ! crypt2 add+ immeasurably to ! f9e appe>ance ( ! int]ior1 ! nave & *oir appe>+ to l5g!n out int]m9ably by reason ( ! we/]n elevation f :i* !y are view$4 ,a portion ( ! we/]n t[]s1 & ! crypt :i* is b5ea? ! *oir1 are ?\ght to date f z e>ly z ! elev5? c5tury1 hav+ be5 built by ,odo1 ! half-bro!r ( ,william ! ,norman4 ,! spl5didly proportion$ ,norman nave1 ) its decorat$ sp&rels & ar*ivolts1 a wor?y decorative embelli%m5t develop$ be=e ! days ( col\r$ glass1 possesses t bright & fre% appe>ance :i* is usually associat$ ) a rec5t "w1 :]eas1 z a matt] ( fact1 x c h>dly be1 9 its five circul> ar*es at lea/1 lat] ?an ! late elev5? or e>ly twelf? c5tury4 ,if x 7 true t mod]n re/orative processes commonly disfigur$ no m ?an ?is1 x is a pity t ! du/ & cobwebs1 & a little ( ! grime ( ages1 7 n m (t5 remov$4 ,"h is ! v excess ( dog-too?1 arabesque1 & grotesque c>v+1 nev] f\nd 9 connection ) a build+ :i* is con/ructively decorative4 ,"h also is an ornate frieze ( no great dep? & possess+ none ( ! beauties ( ! two o!r di/9ct elem5ts4 ,z !re is no tri=ium 9 ! nave prop]1 ?is decoration is1 ( c\rse1 int5d$ m]ely z a relief to a b>5ess :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! g5]\s height1 w\ld o!rwise exi/4 ,9 ! *oir1 ! tri=ium1 :i* is omitt$ 9 ! nave1 spr+s into be+ 9 beautiful & ornate =m4 ,! l[] ar*es1 ) ! supports1 ! attribut$ "w ( an ,engli% ar*itect1 are ( ! usual ,go?ic =m1 9 contra-di/9ction to ! r\nd$ heads ( ^? ( ! nave4 ,! cl]e/ory1 ?\gh delicate & graceful1 is some:at curtail$ f ! dim5sions ( t ( ! we/ end ( ! *ur*4 ,! transepts are unusually bright & *e]ful1 ) a s]ies ( w9d[s m beautifully design$ ?an ^? ( ei!r ! *oir or nave4 ,! *oir /alls are ( oak1 c>v$ 9 ! be/ mann] ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! *>m+ t[] gr\p ( ?is ca!dral is z effective1 p]haps1 z any among all ! nor!rn *ur*es4 ,! c5tral belfry1 albeit ( a base1 ?\gh pret5ti\s1 rococo design1 foll[s no accept$ /yle1 b adds impos+ly to ! g5]al outl9e4 7,its height is ov] ?ree hundr$ feet47 ,9 ?is t[]1 z 9 ! w9d[ trac]y1 ! fleur-de-lys1 always a sign ( ! decad5t 9 ,go?ic /yle1 is to be se54 ,! we/]n t[]s1 ) _! spires1 foll[ ! true/ pyramidal =m1 &1 ?\gh c>ry+ bo? po9t$ & r\nd-ar*$ op5+s1 are 9 e way repres5tative ( ! be/ "w ( _! p]iod4 ,! nor?we/]ly t[] has an elongat$ turret1 ext5d+ f ! l[] ranges1 :i*1 :5 se5 f a di/ance ov] ! ro( ( ! nave1 appe>s z a protub]ance n unlike a dove-cote4 ,?is conta9s ! spiral /aircase up :i* visitors are e>ne/ly implor$1 by ! c>etak]1 to w5d _! way & p>ticipate 9 ! view f ! heights above4 ,?is view1 ?\gh und5iably wid] 9 range ?an are mo/ elevat$ view-po9ts1 is h>dly ( int]e/ to "o :o seeks ! beauties ( ! /ructure itself4 ,!re are ?ree por*es on ! we/ faade1 all fairly well fill$ ) foliag$ ornam5t & bas-reliefs4 ,!y are ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ( a ?or\ghly florid ord]4 ,includ$ 9 ! tresor are two gifts f ,/4 ,l\is1 ! *asuble ( ,/4 ,regnob]t1 & an ivory & enamel casket4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ( ,,notre ,,dame ,,sa9t ,,lo ,,vii ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,/4 ,,lo ,?is picturesquely situat$ city ( ! ,cot5t91 ,/4 ,lo1 is s nam$ f ! ,bi%op ,/4 ,laud1 :o liv$ 9 ! neighb\rhood 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,lat]1 x became a ,hugu5ot /ronghold1 & 0 ably1 ?\gh unsuccessfully1 def5d$ by ,colombi]s4 ,x =ms1 ) its =m] ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame cr[n+ its height1 ano!r ( ^? ensembles :i* w always l+] 9 ! memory ( ! travell] :o fir/ comes ^u x clad 9 spr+ & summ] v]dure4 ,! rippl+ ,vire at its v feet gives at once ! note2 x n only b9ds & enwraps x l ! sett+ ( a preci\s /one1 b adds t "o feature :i*1 lack+1 w\ld be a *ord misplac$4 ,p]haps no o!r ca!dral 9 all ,france1 ) reg>d to its bij\ sett+1 c]ta9ly no o!r s accessible to ! ,engli% t\ri/1 has m da9ty *>m ?an ?is n v gr&1 b graceful1 *ur* at ,/4 ,lo4 ,its t[]s1 ?\gh n uni=m z to size1 are ( app>5tly ! same gradual proportions1 &1 if n ! mo/ impressive1 are at lea/ ! mo/ beautiful 9 ,norm&y4 ,!y rise high above ! wood$ cre/ :i* encircles _! base 9 true picture-book fa%ion4 ,! attraction ( ! riv]1 "h1 is unusual1 9 t x pres5ts no accu/om$ slummy picturesqu5ess1 b w9ds sl[ly1 amid its gre51 to ! v base ( ! cliff :i* upholds ! *ief portion ( ! t[n & its ca!dral4 ,! faade pres5ts a mlange ( ! "w ( at lea/ ?ree epo*s1 a n unusual feature 9 "s ( ! small] ca!drals4 ,x has a mean little h\se built into its nor?we/ corn]1 a crude & ugly clock-face /uck unmean+ly on its faade1 & a g5]al air ( dilapidation1 ) respect to ! /atues orig9ally conta9$ 9 its ar*ivolts & ni*es1 :i*1 to say ! lea/1 is n cr$itable to ^? :o h be5 responsible = its c>e4 ,x w\ld seem t s lively & important a c5tre ( local activity might h devot$ a little m ?\ght & c>e to ! ma9t5ance ( ?is *>m+ build+4 ,built up f a f\ndation ( :i* b little1 if any portion1 visibly rema9s1 ,notre ,dame %[s a debasem5t ( design & decoration ( its faade :i* is n only n admirable1 b is1 9 addition1 sadly disfigur$4 ,! "o detail1 = ! mo/ "p good 9 /yle1 is a n unduly florid arcade1 :i* pla9ly indicates its sup]iority ov] ! re/ ( ! build+4 ,on ! nor? side is an op5-air pulpit ( /one ov]hung ) a canopy1 a highly int]e/+ detail1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 n a unique "o4 ,unable to comm& admiration z an absolute novelty1 x is assur$ly a *>m+ feature1 & is delicately & pr(usely sculptur$4 ,x sugge/s mu* 9 conjunction ) ! busy life ( ! r squalid neighb\r+ m>ket-place1 ^: only picturesque attribute is :5 x is cr[d$ ) ! gaiety ( a m>ket or a fte day4 ,by f> ! mo/ compell+ int]e/ 9 ! build+1 aft] an inspection ( its int]ior1 is ! view to be _h f a di/ance4 ,! nave is late ,go?ic1 & wid5s out 9 curi\s fa%ion t[>d ! ea/2 o!rwise ! int]ior arrangem5ts are n rem>kable4 ,"o bulb\s *apel on ! s\? side supplants ! usual transept4 ,!re is no tri=ium ei!r 9 *oir or nave1 ! light+ pr9cipally be+ effect$ by ! l>ge w9d[s ( ! aisles4 ,x is p]t95t to recall "h t "o ( ,*>lemagne's own f\ndations ( ! n9? c5tury1 de/roy$ by ! b>b>ians1 0 situat$ ne> by1 ! fam\s ,abbey ( ,/4 ,croix4 ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame de ,c\tances ,,viii ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,c\tances ,l _m ano!r t[n ( we/]n ,norm&y1 l ,falise1 ,domfront1 ,/4 ,lo1 ,granville1 ,avran*es1 & ,mont ,/4 ,mi*el itself1 ,c\tances rises high above ! surr\nd+ pla9 & /&s dom9ant 9 ! l&scape = miles on ei!r h&4 ,( p]haps m magnitude1 z to area1 ?an any ( ! o!r examples1 ! city has ! add$ attribute ( ?ree t[]$ ecclesia/ical edifices1 :i* rise nobly 9 v>y+ /ages f> ov] ! neighb\r+ ro(-tops ( ! t[n itself & ! tree-clad slopes :i* embank x4 ,! olde/ ( ! ,norman ,go?ic ca!drals1 & t :i* p>takes ! mo/ ( local "*1 is ,notre ,dame de ,c\tances4 ,c]ta9 ,fr5* ar*ologi/s h said t ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* is actually t ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,x is m likely1 h[ev]1 t none ( ! build+ at pres5t 9 view is e>li] ?an ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! epo* dur+ :i* contemporane\s ,go?ic fir/ grew to its maturity4 ,9 any ev5t1 su* build+ & con/ruction 0 go+ on f #abjh to #abcc z w\ld indicate t x 0 ! entire pres5t edifice :i* 0 be+ plann$ at t "t4 ,9 ?is case x is q possible t ! rebuild+ 0 go+ on sl[ly1 foot by foot1 9 a mann] :i* n only encompass$ & absorb$ ! old] build+1 b 9 reality eradicat$ e ve/ige ( x4 ,says a ,fr5* writ] ( en?usiasm1 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,c\tances1 z x n[ /&s1 is "o ( ! mo/ noble & gr& religi\s edifices 9 ,france1 ) all ! qualities ( a monum5t ( ! fir/ ord]1 ( p]fect dim5sion1 beauty ( plan1 unity ( workman%ip1 & di/9ction ( =m4 ,any "o ( ^! attributes1 7 x lit]ally s1 might well turn a commonplace /ructure into an unapproa*able ma/]piece4 ,9 a measure1 all ( 8 eulogy is q true1 & ! pity is t m d n "k ( its fasc9ation & *>m4 ,! faade ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame is ( ! indig5\s ,norman-,go?ic type4 ,! f9e t[]s1 9 addition to comb9+ ! symmetrical elem5ts ( ,go?ic1 h1 ea*1 z well1 a flank+ t[]let1 atta*$ to _! out] sides1 enclos+ a spiral /airway4 ,^! ext5d to q ! full height ( ! t[] prop]2 &1 ?\gh by no means a :olly attractive feature1 are n z (f5sive z might at fir/ be suppos$4 ,x is d\btful1 9 fact1 if ! g5]al /r5g? & impressiv5ess ( ! entire /ructure w\ld n be impair$ 7 ! arrangem5ts o!rwise4 ,! pres5t ogival /ructure is built on ! rema9s ( a ,romanesque *ur* erect$ by a fam\s ,bi%op ( ,c\tances1 ,ge(froy de ,montbray1 ) funds suppli$ by ,guillaume ,bras-de-,f]1 ,odon1 ,rog]1 ,onfroy1 & ,rob]t1 sons ( ,tancr$e-de-,hauteville1 ! ,norman conqu]ors ( ,sicily & ,calabria1 ^: names h be5 giv5 fabl$ prom95ce 9 m ?an "o epic poem4 ,! e>ly /ructure 0 consecrat$ 9 #ajef1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,william1 !n ,duke ( ,norm&y1 a few ye>s be=e he became ! ,conqu]or4 ,suppos$ly none ( ?is =m] *ur* rema9s2 9 fact1 :at fragm5ts1 if any1 exi/1 are d\btless cov]$ 9 ! pres5t f\ndations4 ,ma9ly1 ! pres5t /ructure is ?irte5?-c5tury "w1 ) a lady-*apel ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,an unusual1 & exce$+ly beautiful1 effect is giv5 by ! ,go?ic w9d[ mullions1 betwe5 ! *apels1 9 reality a s]ies ( geometrical w9d[-frames1 )\t glass4 ,no florid ornam5t ei!r inside or out is to be f\nd to (f5d aga9/ accept$ ideals4 ,9 %ort1 ! :ole is ( a piece complete4 ,! p>apets ( tri=ium & cl]e/ory1 ) foliag$ c>v+s1 are ab\t ! only ornate decorations to be se54 ,! c5tral t[]1 ( great proportions1 b incomplete z to ! addition ( a spire1 is a m>vel ( /r5g? & p[]4 ,its int]ior1 elaborately decorat$1 =ms a lant]n at ! cross+4 ,"h1 z at ,bayeux1 ! *oir is rais$ a few /eps above its aisles1 giv+ a c]ta9 impressiv5ess beyond :at might o!rwise exi/4 ,! int]ior1 g5]ally1 is admirable4 ,clu/]$ columns1 z !y are commonly call$1--9 reality !y are clu/]$ pill>s1 if ^w d]ivations are to be consid]$1--sep>ate bo? nave & *oir f ! aisles2 &1 9 case ( ! *oir1 a s]ies ( elongat$ circul> pill>s are c\pl$1 "o beh9d ! o!r1 an unque/ionably unique arrangem5t4 ,! transepts are practically non-exi/5t1 z ! wid5+ does n ext5d beyond ! ext5t ( ! nave *apels4 ,?is leaves ! gr\nd-plan1 at lea/1 a m]e p>allelogram ) a r\nd$ ea/]n end4 ,notre ,dame de ,c\tances is "o ( ! few really great ,go?ic *ur*es n possess+ an example ( ^? ,fr5* ma/]works1 ! rose w9d[4 ,aga9 ref]r+ to ! f9e t[] gr\p1 x is probably true t1 7 ! huge c5tral t[] prop]ly spir$1 ! ensemble w\ld rival ,laon 9 reg>d to its impressive situation & elaborate p9nacles4 ,/4 ,pi]re1 ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ,/4 ,nicolas1 ( ! f\rte5?1 complete ! tr9ity ( f9e *ur*es :i* ,c\tances possesses4 ,! latt] conta9s ! unusual arrangem5t 9 a ,cont95tal *ur* ( pews 9 place ( *airs1 al?\gh =m]ly1 x is said1 ?is feature 0 n uncommon 9 ,norm&y4 ,! some:at consid]able rema9s ( a ,roman acqu$uct1 ne> by1 are suffici5tly rem>kable to w>rant pass+ consid]ation1 ev5 by ! m]e lov] ( *ur*es4 ,illu/ration ,,ix ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,d',,avran*es ,!re is little to rec\nt conc]n+ ! ,see ( ,avran*es4 ,its bi%opric & its ca!dral 7 alike de/roy$ dur+ ! p>l\s times ( ! bick]+s & ravages ( ,royali/s & ,republicans ( ! ,revolution>y p]iod4 ,all t rema9s to-day is a trifl+ heap ( /ones :i* w\ld h>dly fill a r[-boat1--a fragm5t ( a %aft on :i* is a tablet read+3 ,,on ,,?is ,,/one1 ,,"h ,,at ,,! ,,door ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,avran*es1 ,,aft] ,,! ,,murd] ,,( ,,?omas ,,becket1 ,,ar*bi%op ,,( ,,cant]bury1 ,,h5ry ,,ii41 ,,k+ ,,( ,,engl& ,,& ,,duke ,,( ,,norm&y1 ,,receiv$ ,,on ,,8 ,,knees1 ,,f ,,! ,,legates ,,( ,,! ,,pope1 ,,! ,,apo/olic ,,absolution1 ,,on ,,sunday1 #bb;,d ,,may #aagb4 ,at its feet is ano!r slab1 ! a=em5tion$ door-/ep1 on :i*1 be=e ! papal legate1 ! remorseful mon>* did p5ance be=e 8 lat] expiation at ,cant]bury4 ,a little f>!r on is a small heap consi/+ ( %afts & capitals ( columns1 a /one s>cophagus & a brass plate /at+ t !y are ! ,d]ni]s re/es de la ca?drale d',avran*es2 comm5ce v]s #ajij et consacre p> l'eveque ,turgis en #aaba4 ,! nave hav+ fall5 91 ! re/ ( ! edifice _h to be tak5 d[n 9 #agii4 ,because ( its picturesque environm5t & situation1 ,avran*es is p]haps a m ?an ord9>ily attractive sett+ = a %r9e1 & x is well wor?y ( ! att5tion ( ! pass+ travell]1 9 spite ( its anci5t ca!dral be+ n[ b a heap ( /ones4 ,ap>t f ?is x is ( little int]e/1 & h5ce1 to mo/1 x w probably rema91 9 ! words ( a ,fr5* travell]1 a m]e silh\ette 9 ! di/ance4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ( ,s4 ,,samson ,,dol ,x ,,/4 ,,samson1 ,,dol-,,de-,,bretagne ,! "o-"t ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,samson1 at ,dol1 is1 says an unusually expressive ,fr5*man1 a gr&1 noble1 & sev]e *ur*1 n[ wid[$ ( its bi%ops4 ,its aspect is desolate & ab&on$1 z if x 7 b a ru9 en face sur la gr&e place1 ( itself1 b a m]e des]t ( scrub4 ,?is is c]ta9ly a vivid & =ceful description ( ev5 a :olly unprepossess+ %r9e4 ,?is ,/4 ,samson is n1 & due all[ance %\ld be made = v]bal modell+ :i*1 9 _m cases1 is b ! m]e expression ( a mood pro tempo4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 some:at ( tru? 9 ! description4 ,ab\t ! granite walls !re is a grimness & gauntness ( decay2 ( *ang$ plans & projects2 ( deva/ation2 ( re/oration2 &1 f9ally1 ( :at is1 app>5tly1 submission to ! inevitabl5ess ( "t4 ,! enorm\s nor?we/]ly t[] is /opp$ sudd5ly1 ) ! daylight creep+ ?r\gh its v framework4 ,its faade is c]ta9ly b>e ( ornam5t1 & gives a ?or\gh illu/ration ( paucity ( design z well z ( detail4 ,!re is1 inde$1 no?+ 9 ! we/ faade to compel admiration1 & yet !re is a fasc9ation ab\t x t to "s w be irresi/ible4 ,a sixte5?-c5tury por*1 ( sugge/$ ,burgundian /yle1 =ms ! ma9 entrance to ! *ur*1 & is situat$ midway along ! s\? side4 ,almo/ directly opposite1 on ! nor?1 is ! curi\sly contra/+ feature ( a cr5elat$ battlem5t1 a rem9d] ( ! "t :5 ! *ur* 0 d\btless a temporal z well z a spiritual /ronghold4 ,! int]ior1 z ! ext]ior1 is gloomy & melan*oly4 ,"o has only to contemplate ! collection ( ludicr\sly sl5d] clu/]$ columns ( ! nave1 b\nd toge!r ) m>k$ly visible iron /r&s1 to realize ! real weakness ( ! means by :i* ! fabric has be5 kept alive4 ,! nave itself is ( true proportions1 &1 reg>dless ( ! sev]ity ( its l9es1 & ! ludicr\s pill>s1 is und5iably f9e 9 effect4 ,a curi\sly squ>$ *oir-end1 b ) ! small aps$ lady-*apel ext5d+ beyond1 is ano!r ( ^? curi\s details :i* /& out 9 a way to be rem>k$ 9 a ,fr5* *ur*4 ,9 ?is squ>$ end1 & above ! ar* made by ! pill>s ( ! *oir aisle1 is a l>ge po9t$ w9d[ fill$ ) anci5t glass :i* mu/ h be5 ins]t$ soon aft] ! *ur* 0 recon/ruct$ aft] ! fire 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! nave & aisles is "o ( extreme n>r[ness1 :i* p]haps is n s mu* really ! case :5 actual measurem5ts are tak54 ,9 g5]al1 ! *ur* is suppos$ by _m to resemble ! di/9ct type ( ,go?ic z x is kn[n across ! ,*annel2 &1 admitt+ = ! nonce t possibly _m ( ! ,brittany /ructures 7 ! "w ( ,engli% build]s1 ?is *ur*1 9 ! abs5ce ( any records z to :o 7 its ar*itects1 may well be c\nt$ z ( t numb]4 ,! /alls ( ! *oir are ( delicately c>v$ wood1 be=e :i* is plac$ a monum5tal bi%op's ?rone1 ) elaborate armorial embelli%m5ts4 ,a ,r5aissance tomb ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 by a pupil ( ,mi*el ,colomb1 n[ mu* injur$ 9 its sculptur$ details ( angels & allegorical figures1 is locally consid]$ ! %[-piece ( ! *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,malo ,s4 ,,s]van ,illu/ration3 ,,tr,,gui] ,,xi ,,/4 ,,malo ,,& ,,/4 ,,s]van ,wel%m5 ?r\gh\t ! _w rejoice t x 0 "o ( _! c\ntrym51 a monk ( ! six? c5tury1 :o gave 8 "n z f\nd] to ! wall$ city ( ,/4 ,malo by ! sea4 ,) its outly+ & contigu\s t[ns ( ,/4 ,s]van1 ,d9an1 & ,p>am1 ,/4 ,malo is a p>adise = ! m]e lov] ( pleasure resorts4 ,fur!r1 ) respect to ! fir/ ?ree places m5tion$1 !re is pres5t n a little ( ! romance & hi/ory ( ! pa/1 reflect$ z x 7 9 a mod]n mirror4 ,n b t ! old t[n ( ,/4 ,malo1 )9 ! walls1 is anci5t & picturesque en\gh1 & dirty1 too1 if "o be speci\sly critical2 b ! fact is t ! mod]n ,pont ,r\lant1 & ! omnific toot ( ! /eam-tram1 ev] pres5t 9 "o's sight & he>+1 are =cible rem9d]s ( ! m>* ( "t4 ,/4 ,s]van1 s f> z its ca!dral is conc]n$1 may be dismiss$ 9 a ^w4 ,! anci5t see ( ,/4 ,pi]re d',ale? _h1 at "o "t1 its dignity ve/$ 9 a bi%op :o en?ron$ himself 9 a ca!dral1 ! rema9s ( :i* exi/ to-day only z a fragm5t built into ! =tifications4 ,! bi%opric 0 remov$ 9 #aadb to ,/4 ,malo4 ,) ,/4 ,malo a diff]5ce exi/s4 ,its ca!dral1 n[ deg5]at$ to a p>i% *ur*1 is a ,go?ic "w ma9ly ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 &1 reg>dless ( its unimpos+ qualities1 is "o ( ^? fasc9at+ old build+s :i*1 9 its environm5t & surr\nd+s1 appeals p]haps m l>gely to u z a compon5t ( a :ole ?an z a feature to be admir$ by itself4 ,! *ur*1 safely %elt]$ f ! ravage ( gale & /orm1 sits amid n>r[ w9d+ /reets1 ^: build+s are s compress$ z to rise to heights unusual 9 ! small] ,cont95tal t[ns4 ,! edifice is ma9ly ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 b has be5 v>i\sly r5ovat$ & re/or$4 ,go?ic1 ,r5aissance1 & ! transition betwe5 ! two are pla9ly disc]nible ?r\gh\t4 ,p]haps ! be/ art to be not$ is t f\nd 9 ! int]ior ( ! *oir1 ) its f9e tri=ium & cl]e/ory w9d[s above4 ,"h1 aga91 is to be obs]v$ ! squ>$ ea/ end ( ! ,engli% contempor>y *ur*1 a fur!r rem9d]1 if x be ne$$1 ( ! influ5ces :i* 7 b\nd to be m or less ex*ang$ ) reg>d to ! arts & cu/oms ( ! "t1 on bo? %ores ( ,la ,man*e4 ,a few features ( pass+ int]e/ are "h1 an ivory crucifix1 a few tombs1 & "s indiff]5t pa9t+s4 ,! spire is mod]n1 b gives a sugge/ion1 at lea/1 9 view+ ! city f a di/ance1 ( some?+ ( :at a m$ival wall$ seaport1 ) its population huddl$ close b5ea? ! %ad[ ( ! *ur*1 & )9 ! city walls1 mu/ h be5 l4 ,! be/ example ( ?is :i* ev] exi/$ 9 m$ival ,france1 & :i* exi/s to-day 9 a m ?an ord9>y rem>kable /ate ( pres]vation1 is ! fam\s ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*el1 a few miles only to ! ea/w>d1 & fam$ ( all1 hi/orian1 ecclesia/1 arti/1 & m]e pleasure-seek]1 alike4 ,mo/ writ]s are pleas$ to ref] to ! confid+ attitude ( m9e ho/1 :o conducts ! pr9cipal ho/elry on ! ,m\nt1 & :o guilelessly asks ! w>y travell] 7(ttimes !y are w>y7 :at he has p>tak5 ( dur+ 8 /ay1 & makes up ! acc\nt accord+ly4 ,?is is1 p]haps1 n ! lea/ ( attributive *>ms1 ?\gh x %\ld be a m9or "o :]e ?is wond]ful & real ,m\nt1 :i* takes its "n f leg5d>y ,/4 ,mi*el1 is conc]n$4 ,inde$1 leav+ ! ca!drals at ,r\51 ,*>tres1 & ,le ,mans out ( ! "q1 x is d\btful if ! ,abbey ( ,mont ,/4 ,mi*el is n ! *ief rema9+ ar*itectural glory ( ! middle ages1 we/ ( ,p>is4 ,x is b a %ort di/ance f ,/4 ,malo to ,/4 ,s]van1 b :at a diff]5ce6 ,x is call$ by ! ,fr5* !mselves ! daught] ( ,/4 ,malo1--! faub\rg gr[n into a city4 ,rabida's ,bretagne /ates t !re are nombreux des ,anglais ,/4 ,s]van1 des jeunes g5s vivant dans les p5sions brittaniques--des familles v5ant l't faire en ,bretagne une cure d'economies p\r l'hiv]4 ,cont9u+1 ?is disc]n+ au?or says3 ,ba!rs1 bicycli/s1 golfi/s1 prom5ad]s1 & excursioni/s ab\nd4 ,bett] !n let !m hold =? "h to _! he>ts' cont5t2 !re is little t ! lov] ( *ur*es w ga9 f :at rema9s to-day ( ! t[n's =m] ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re4 ,,xii ,,tr,,gui] ,?is old ca!dral city1 at ! junction ( two small /reamlets1 a %ort di/ance f ! sea1 lies p]haps a doz5 miles away f ! ne>e/ railway4 ,) ,/4 ,pol de ,leon & ,/4 ,brieuc x is1 9 local *>act]i/ics & cu/oms alike1 a some?+ ap>t f any o!r community 9 nor!rn ,france4 ,! ,bretons are commonly accr$it$ z be+ a mo/ dev\t race1 & c]ta9ly devotion c\ld take no m m>k$ turn ?an ! _m evid5ces "h to be se5 9 ?is l& ( ,calv>ies4 ,/4 ,brieuc is a bi%opric1 suffragan ( ,r5nes1 ^: ca!dral is a hide\s mod]n /ructure ( ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury q unwor?y z a %r9e2 b ,trgui]'s p[] wan$ ) ! ,revolution4 ,its f\rte5?-c5tury *ur*1 h[ev]1 is suffici5tly rem>kable by reason ( its situation & surr\nd+s1 none ! less ?an 9 its fabric1 to w>rant a deviation f well-worn roads 9 ord] to visit x4 ,*iefly ( a late p]iod1 x possesses 9 ! ,t\r de ,ha/+1 nam$ aft] ! ,dani% pirate 7?\gh :y seems obscure71 :i* enfolds ! nor? transept1 a "w ( ! be/ elev5?-c5tury class4 ,?is %\ld place ! *ur*1 at once1 )9 ! scope ( ! designation ( a transition type4 ,9 ?is t[] ! w9d[s & pila/]s are ( ! *>act]i/ic r\nd v>iety ( ! p]iod4 ,! s\? por* is ! mo/ highly develop$ feature z to ,m$ival /yle1 b ! attraction lies ma9ly 9 its ensembl$ massiv5ess1 ) its two /urdy t[]s & a ridicul\sly spir$ s\? clo*]4 ,beyond a c]ta9 grimness ( fabric ! *ur* fails1 n a little1 to impress "o ) ev5 simple gr&eur1 ev5 :5 "o takes into consid]ation ! *>ms ( its florid b firmly design$ cloi/]1 :i*1 ) ! *ur* itself1 is class$ by ! ,dp>tem5t des ,beaux ,arts z "o ( ! tw5ty-?ree hundr$ ,monum5tes ,hi/oriques4 ,nev]!less1 ! build+ proves m ?an ord9>ily gratify+1 ?\gh by no /ret* ( ! imag9ation c\ld x be class$ z gr&4 ,l(t9ess & gr&eur are equally lack+ 9 ! int]ior1 & !re is great v>iation ( /yle ) respect to ! pill>s ( nave & *oir4 ,?is is also ! case ) ! w9d[s1 :i* play ! gamut f ! sev]e r\nd-head$ ,romanesque to ! late/ flamboyant developm5t1 a feature :i* n only disreg>ds mo/ conv5tions1 b1 z e "o w admit1 mo/ flagrantly (f5ds1 ) sad results1 aga9/ ! g5]al con/ructive elem5ts4 ,a pla9 tri=ium1 9 ! nave1 blossoms out1 9 ! s\? transept & *oir1 9 no hesitat+ mann]1 into exce$+ ri*ness4 ,! *oir has an apsidal t]m9ation & conta9s c>v$ wood5 /alls :i* are class$ z "w ( ! mid-sev5te5? c5tury1 ?\gh appe>+ mu* m "t-worn4 ,! really popul> attribute ( ! *ur* lies 9 ! recon/ruct$ monum5t to ,/4 ,yves1 ! patron sa9t ( advocates1 & commonly consid]$ ! mo/ popul> 9 all ! ,brittany cal5d>4 ,born ne> ,trgui] 9 #abec1 ,/4 ,yves' unhe>d-( probity & consid]ation = ! sick & ! poor ga9$ su* g5]al respect t1 ) 8 dea? on ! n9ete5? ( ,may1 #acjc1 !re 0 inaugurat$ a great fea/ :i* to-day is ye>ly celebrat$1 & all griev+ aga9/ a real or fanci$ wrong h rec\rse promptly to ! suppos$ly j fav\r ( ?is univ]sal patron ( ! law4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,,brieuc ,,xiii ,,/4 ,,brieuc ,unlike _m ( ! small] t[ns :i* conta9 ca!dral *ur*es1 ,/4 ,brieuc is a pres5t day bi%opric2 h5ce ! ,ca!dral takes on1 p]haps1 m significance ?an x w\ld1 7 x b an example ( a ,m$ival *ur*4 ,9 reality x is n a v wond]ful /ructure1 & ! guide-books w tell "o practically no?+ ab\t x4 ,! t[n itself is a dull place1 a tidal port1 at "s little di/ance f ! sea1 :i* flu%es 9 ^u x twice dur+ ! r\nd ( ! clock4 ,a mona/]y 0 f\nd$ "h 9 ! fif? c5tury by ,/4 ,brieuc1 f :om ! t[n itself & ! pres5t ca!dral take _! "n4 ,he 0 a ,celtic monk f ,wales1 :o1 ^u be+ expell$ f 8 native l&1 locat$ 8 e/abli%m5t "h1 on ! site ( a =m] ,gallo-,roman t[n4 ,! patronal fea/ ( ,/4 ,brieuc is held ea* ye> on ! fir/ ( ,may & is a curi\s survival ( a m$ival cu/om4 ,"s rema9s ( an e>ly *ur* are built into ! *oir walls1 b 9 ! ma9 ?is n v gr& edifice is ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,! t[]1 ) its loopholes1 w\ld suppos$ly indicate t ! *ur* 0 likewise int5d$ z some:at ( a =tification4 ,! apse is r\nd$ 9 ! usual =m1 & on ei!r side ext5d transepts to ! wid? ( two bays4 ,)91 ! ,ca!dral is m attractive ?an )\t4 ,! elem5ts ( con/ruction & embelli%m5t1 :ile p]haps n rank+ ) ^? ( ! really great *ur*es1 are suffici5tly vivid & lively to indicate t ! "w 0 consci\sly & en?usia/ically und]tak54 ,! lady-*apel is ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ! transept rose is ( ! fifte5?1 z is also ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,guillaume1 nam$ = ! monk ( ,dijon :o built s _m ( ! mona/]ies ?r\gh\t ,brittany & :o1 x is to be presum$1 plann$ or built ! orig9al /ructure1 ! rema9s ( :i* are f\nd 9 ! pres5t *oir4 ,! w9d[s ?r\gh\t are ei!r ( n v good mod]n glass1 or ( pla9 lead$ lights1 :i*1 9 ! majority ( cases1 may be consid]$ z no less an attraction4 ,an elaborate rose is 9 ! we/]n gable4 ,!re are1 9 ! *ur*1 v>i\s monum5ts & tombs to =m] bi%ops4 ,,xiv ,,/4 ,,pol ,,de ,,leon ,9 ! mid/ ( t l& :i* furni%es ! s\? ( ,engl& ) mo/ ( its caulifl[]s1 arti*okes1 onions1 & asp>agus1 truly (f ! beat5 track1 9 t x is actually (f ! l9e ( railway1 is ! /range & melan*oly city ( ,/4 ,pol de ,leon1 its clo*]s dom9at+1 by day at lea/1 bo? l& & sea4 ,x conta9s ! fam\s ,kreisk]1 a "n :i* s\nds z ?\gh x 7 ,dut* or ,nor? ,g]man1 :i* x probably is along ) o!r place names on ! ne>-by coa/1 su* z ,gr\91 ,/4 ,vaa/1 ,rosc(f1 & ,la ,h\gue4 ,! t[] & spire ( ?is wond]ful ,kreisk] rise boldly1 f ! transept cross+1 9 rem>kable fa%ion1 & z a m>vel ( con/ruction may be said to f> outrank ! ca!dral /ructure itself4 ,curi\s & clev] well describes x4 ,z = ! =m] ca!dral ov] :i* ! ,kreisk] ?r[s its %ad[1 x is "o ( ^? maje/ic tw9-t[]$ /ructures n usually associat$ ) :at1 :5 comp>$ ) ! l>g] ,fr5* t[ns1 mu/ p]=ce rank z a m]e village4 ,!re is mu* to be said 9 fav\r ( ^! little-kn[n ne>-by places1 namely1 t ! *>m ( _! attractions amply repays "o = any special lab\r involv$ 9 gett+ to !m1 ) ! additional advantage1 reg>dless ( ! fact t a /rang] appe>s some:at to ! native z a curiosity1 t !y are good value = ! money paid4 ,p]haps ! *eape/ ,cont95tal t\r1 ( say ?ree weeks1 t c\ld be tak51 amid a con/antly *ang+ environm5t1 if "o s *oose1 w\ld compreh5d ?is l& ( ,calv>ies4 ,! two ca!dral t[]s ( e>ly ,go?ic flank a g5]\s por*4 ,!re is good glass ?r\gh\t ! *ur*1 ! circul> rose ( ! transept be+ a magnific5t composition 9 a granite fram+4 ,! nave is ( ?irte5?-c5tury ,go?ic1 f ! s\? aisle ( :i* projects a l>ge *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,mi*ael4 ,! d\ble-aisl$ *oir is g>ni%$ ) sculptur$ /alls ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 &1 sep>at$ f its aisles by a /one scre51 is ( mu* l>g] proportions ?an ! nave1 & likewise ( a lat] epo* ( build+4 ,! apse is flamboyant1 z are also ! w9d[s ( ! s\? transept4 ,9 ! *apels are v>i\s vaults & tombs1 rem>kably well pres]v$1 b ( no special mom5t4 ,9 "o ( ^! *apels1 h[ev]1 is a curi\s pa9t+ 9 ! vault+1 repres5t+ a ,tr9ity possess+ ?ree faces1 dispos$ 9 ! =m ( a trefoil ) ?ree eyes only4 ,a ribbon or b&]alle be>s an inscription 9 ,go?ic *>act]s2 9 ! ,breton tongue1 ,ma ,donez 7,mon ,dieu74 ,,xv ,,/4 ,,cor5t9 ,,de ,,quimp] ,c'e/ ,quimp]1 ce mlange du pass et du prs5t4 ,a true en\gh description ( mo/ m$ival cities :5 view$ to-day2 b ) no c5tre ( habitation is x m true ?an ( ?is city by ! sea1--?\gh 9 reality x is n by ! sea1 b r ( x1 ) a port always calm & tranquil4 ,x takes rank ) ,bre/ z ! we/]n outpo/ ( mod]n ,france4 ,= c5turies unconqu]$1 & possess+ an individuality ( its v own1 ?is n[ important prefecture has mu* to rem9d u ( its pa/4 ,hi/ory1 ar*ology1 & m]e antiqu>ian lore ab\nd1 &1 9 its gr&iose ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,cor5t91 "o f9ds a l>ge subject = 8 appreciative consid]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,cor5t9 de ,,quimp] 444 ,x is ( ! robu/ & matur$ type t famili>ity has come to reg>d z repres5tative ( a bi%opric2 no?+ is impov]i%$ or curtail$4 ,its f9e t[]s ) mod]n spires1 erect$ f ! proce$s ( a butt] tax1 are broad ( base & delicately & truly proportion$4 ,its gr\nd-plan is equally wor?y1 ?\gh ! *oir is n truly ori5tat$4 ,its g5]al detail & ensemble1 "o "p ) ano!r1 is all t fancy has told u a great *ur* %\ld conta91 & "o c b be prep>$ to appreciate x :5 x is endors$1 & comm5t$ on1 by su* ard5t admir]s z ,de ,caumont1 ,viollet-le-,duc1 ,corroy]1 & ,gons1 ^? f\r accompli%$ ,fr5*m51 :o probably knew m conc]n+ ,m$ival 7,go?ic7 ar*itecture ?an all ! re/ ( ! _w put toge!r4 ,f ! ?irte5? to ! fifte5? c5tury !re grew up "h a "w embrac+ ! ogival & ! flamboyant1 nei!r 9 an undue proportion1 b z well z 9 any o!r s+le /ructure kn[n4 ,?is well %[s ! rise1 developm5t1 & apogee ( ! /yle :i* we commonly call ,go?ic1 b :i* ! ,fr5* pref] to call ogival1 & :i* %\ld really1 if "o is to fairly apportion cr$it :]e x is due1 be be/ kn[n z ,fr5* ,m$ival ar*itecture4 ,its we/ faade1 ) its g5]\s l9es1 is /rongly orig9al4 ,! two t[]s1 pi]c$ ) enorm\sly height5$ lancets1 are indubitably graceful & impressive1 :ile a flank+ pair ( fly+ buttresses1 ) _! int]m$iate pi]s1 =m an unusual arrangem5t 9 ! we/ front ( a ,fr5* ca!dral4 ,above ! we/]n gable is a curi\sly grav5 effigy ( ,k+ ,grollo 9 /one4 ,consid]$ z a :ole1 ! ext]ior is repres5tative ( ! be/ contempor>y features ( ! "t1 b conta9s few if any :i* are s di/9ctly born ( its environm5t z to be o!rwise notable4 ,! int]ior vies ) ! out] portion ( ! fabric 9 ! g5]al effect ( maje/y & good design4 ,! tri=ium is rem>kably beautiful & is ov]topp$ by a range ( cl]e/ory w9d[s :i* to an appreciable ext5t conta9 good e>ly glass4 ,! ea/]ly end is ! usual semicircul> apse4 ,among ! relics ( ! ,ca!dral is a crucifix :i* is suppos$ to emit drops ( blood :5 "o p]jures himself be=e x4 ,x is1 p]haps1 significant t ! p ( ,f9i/re1 ! dep>tm5t :i* claims ,quimp] z its capital1 h ! repute ( be+ hone/ folk4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ,quimp] 71 by virtue ( ! gift ( le roi ,grodlon le ,grave1 ! only seigneurs ( ! city dur+ ! middle ages4 ,,xvi ,,vannes ,vannes 0 ! anci5t capital ( ! ,celtic tribe ( ! ,v5eti1 its inhabitants be+ put to r\t by ,cs> 9 #eg ,b4 ,c4 ,aft]w>d x became ! ,roman t[n ( ,duriorigum1 & lat] rev]t$ back to a corruption ( its =m] "n4 ,*ri/ianity hav+ made "s progress1 a c\ncil 0 held1 & a bi%op appo9t$ to ! city1 & f t "t onw>d its position 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w appe>s to h be5 assur$4 ,= c5turies aft]w>d1 h[ev]1 x 0 ! c5tre ( a mael/rom ( int]nal /rife1 9 :i* ,armoricans1 ,britons1 ,franks1 & ,romans appe> to h be5 inextricably involv$4 ,!n came ! ,nor?m51 :o burn$ ! =m] ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,?is 0 rebuilt 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 & 9 no small measure =ms ! f\ndation ( ! pres5t /ructure1 :i* to-day is ! seat ( a bi%op1 suffragan ( ,r5nes4 ,f ?is e>ly ar*itectural f\ndation1 to ! mo/ florid & flamboyant ( late ,go?ic1 is pretty mu* ! :ole range ( ,m$ival ar*itectural /yle4 ,by no means has a gr& or ev5 f9e /ructure result$4 ,! old *oir1 suff]+ f ! /ress ( "t1 0 pull$ d[n & rebuilt z late z #aggj4 ,?us1 ?is usually excell5tly appo9t$ & con/ruct$ detail is "h ( no wor?y rank :atev]4 ,! nave & transepts 7 complet$ )9 ! hundr$ ye>s foll[+ #adeb1 & %[ ! la/ flights ( ,go?ic t[>d ! heights f :i* x aft]w>d fell4 ,trans=mation & re/oration h frequ5tly be5 und]tak51 ) ! result t n[h]e is to be se5 p]haps great] inconsi/5cies4 ,! late/ ( ^! examples ( a p]v]t$ indu/ry is se5 9 ! n9ete5?-c5tury additions to ! t[] & ! we/ faade4 ,! result is n1 be x said1 to ! cr$it ( its projectors4 ,,! ,,end4 ,app5dices ,i ,! ,ar*itectural ,divisions ( ,france ,x is q possible to con/ruct an e?nographic map ( a c\ntry f its ar*itectural rema9s1--b !re mu/ always be div]se & v>y+ op9ions z to ! delimitation ( "o s*ool1 z comp>$ ) ano!r ly+ contigu\s !reto4 ,"o may w&] f prov9ce to prov9ce1 & cont9ually f9d rem9d]s1 ( ano!r mann] ( build+1 f t :i* is recogniz$ z ! *>act]i/ic local species4 ,?is c\ld h>dly be o!rwise4 ,9 ! pa/1 z 9 ! pres5t1 imitators 7 n few1 & if ! adoption ( new1 or =eign1 ideas 0 !n less rapid1 x 0 no less sure4 ,/ill1 9 ! ma91 !re is a cohesiv5ess & limitation ( ar*itectural /yle 9 ,france2 :i*1 z is b natural to suppose1 is 9 no way m cle>ly def9$ ?an by ! *ur*es :i* 7 built dur+ ! middle ages1 ! e>lie/ types reta9+ ! influ5ce ( massive =ms1 & ! lat] aga9 debas+ itself to a heavy classical ord]1 nei!r a copy ( any?+ ( a pre-,go?ic era1 or a happy developm5t !refrom4 ,betwe5 ! two1 9 a p]iod ( sc>cely m ?an ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 !re grew up & develop$ ! +5i\s & graceful po9t$ /yle1 9 all its fe>lessness & unconv5tion4 ,political causes _h1 p]haps1 some:at to d ) ! conf9+ ( a p>ticul> /yle well )9 ! l& ( its bir?1 b on ! o!r h&1 w>f>e c>ri$ ) x invasion & conque/ ( new sections1 & its foll[]s1 9 a measure1 may be said to h c>ri$ ) !m c]ta9 ( _! =m] arts1 accompli%m5ts1 & desires2 & s grew up ! composite & mix$ types :i* are frequ5tly met )4 ,!re are a doz5 or m ar*itectural /yles 9 :at is kn[n z ! ,france ( to-day4 ,! ,prov5al 7m prop]ly1 says ,f]gusson1 x %\ld be call$ ,gallia ,n>bonese17 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & cle>ly def9$ ( all2 ! ,burgundian1 ) its sugge/ion ( luxuriance &1 if n massiv5ess1 at lea/ gr&eur2 ! ,auv]gnian1 ly+ contigu\s to bo? ! above1 ) a /yle peculi>ly its own1 ?\gh ( an uncompromis+ s\!rn aspect2 ,acquitanian1 def9+ ! /yle :i* lies betwe5 ,prov5ce1 ! ,auv]gnat & ! ,pyrnes1 & a type q diff]5t f ei!r4 ,! ,angev9ian1 :i* ext5ds nor?w>d f ,limoges to ,norm&y & ,brittany1 & nor!a/]ly ne>ly to ,orleans1 is a species difficult to place--x p>takes l>gely ( s\!rn influ5ce1 b is usually ?\ght to m]it a nom5clature ( its own1 z di/9ct f ! type f\nd at ,anj\4 ,turn+ n[ to ! nor!rn or ,franki% influ5ce1 z di/9ct f ! ,romance c\ntries2 ,brittany jo9s to no slight degree influ5ces ( ea* region2 ,norm&y p>takes l>gely ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! type ( ,c5tral ,france1 :i* is ?or\ghly dom9at$ by t indig5\s to ! ,isle ( ,france1 :i* species prop]ly might include ! ,b\rbonnais & ,niv]noise v>iants1 z be+ some?+ ( a di/9ct type1 ?\gh resembl+1 9 occasional details1 s\!rn features4 ,?is li/1 ) ! addition ( ,fr5* ,fl&]s1 ) its ,l[l& types1 completes ! arrangem5t1 if we except ,alsace & ,lorra9e1 :i* fav\r ! ,g]man mann] ( build+ r m ?an any ( ! native ,fr5* types4 ,,ii ,a ,li/ ( ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,france1 & ( ! ,anci5t ,prov9ces f :i* !y h be5 evolv$4 ,prov9ces & date ( ,dp>tem5ts ,*efs-,lieux union ) ,france ,ile de ,france1 ) ,la ,se9e ,p>is ,brie1 etc4 ,always held ,se9e-et-,oise ,v]sailles by ! ,cr[n ,se9e-et-,m>ne ,melun ,oise ,beauvais ,aisne ,laon ,pic>die4 ,l\is ,,xiv1 #affg ,somme ,ami5s ,artois & ,b\lonnais4 ,pas-de-,calais ,arras #afdj ,fl&re & ,ha9ault ,nord ,lille ,franais4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 #affg-affi ,norm&ie4 ,philippe ,se9e-,infrieure ,r\5 ,augu/e1 #abjd ,eure ,evreux ,calvados ,ca5 ,orne ,al5on ,man*e ,sa9t-,lo ,bretagne4 ,franois ,i4 ,ille-et-,vila9e ,r5nes #aecb ,ctes-du-,nord ,sa9t-,brieux ,f9i/]re ,quimp] ,morbihan ,vannes ,loire-,infrieure ,nantes ,orlanais4 ,l\is ,,xii4 ,loiret ,orleans #adih ,loir-et-,*] ,blois ,beauce & ,pays ,*>tra9 ,eure-et-,loire ,*>tres ,ma9e4 ,l\is ,,xi4 #adha ,s>! ,le ,mans ,may5ne ,laval ,anj\4 ,l\is ,,xi4 #adha ,ma9e-et-,loire ,ang]s ,t\ra9e4 ,h5ri ,,iii4 #aehd ,indre-et-,loire ,t\rs ,poit\4 ,*>les ,,vi4 #adaf ,v5de ,b\rbon-,v5de ,deux-,svres ,niort ,vi5ne ,poiti]s ,b]ri4 ,philippe ,i4 #aajj ,indre ,*teaur\x ,*] ,b\rges ,m>*e4 ,franois ,i4 #aeca ,creuse ,guret ,lim\s94 ,*>les ,v4 ,haute-,vi5ne ,limoges #acgj ,corrze ,tulle ,ang\mois4 ,*>les ,v4 ,*>5te ,ang\lme #acgj ,sa9tonge & ,aunis4 ,*>5te-,infrieure ,la ,ro*elle #acgj ,gui5ne & ,gascogne4 ,dordogne ,prigueux ,*>les ,,vii4 #adea ,gironde ,bordeaux ,lot-et-,g>onne ,ag5 ,lot ,cahors ,t>n-et-,g>onne ,montauban ,aveyron ,rodez ,g]s ,au* ,hautes-,pyrnes ,t>bes ,l&es ,mont-de-,m>san ,barn & ,fr5* ,nav>re4 ,basses-,pyrnes ,pau ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,comt de ,foix4 ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,arige ,foix ,r\ssillon4 #afei ,pyrnes-,ori5tales ,p]pignan ,langu$oc4 ,john1 #acfa ,haute-,g>onne ,t\l\se ,t>n ,albi ,aude ,c>cassonne ,hrault ,montpelli] ,g>d ,nmes ,viv>ais ,ard*e ,privas ,gvaudan ,lozre ,m5de ,velay ,haute-,loire ,le ,puy ,comtat ,v5aiss91 ,orange1 ,vaucluse ,avignon etc4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 #agac ,prov5ce4 ,l\is ,,xi4 #adha ,b\*es-du-,rhne ,m>seille ,v> ,draguignan ,basses-,alpes ,digne ,dauph94 ,philippe de ,isre ,gr5oble ,valois1 #acdc ,drme ,val5ce ,hautes-,alpes ,gap ,lyonnais & ,beaujolais ,rhne ,lyon ,=ez ,loire ,/4 ,eti5ne ,auv]gne4 ,philippe ,augu/e1 ,puy-de-,dme ,cl]mont #abaj ,cantal ,aurillac ,b\rbonnais4 ,l\is ,,xii4 ,alli] ,m\l9s #aeje ,niv]nais4 ,*>les ,,vii4 ,nivre ,nev]s #adeg ,bresse1 ,bugey1 etc4 ,a9 ,b\rg ,b\rgogne 7du*74 ,l\is ,sane-et-,loire ,mcon ,,xi4 #adgg ,cte-d',or ,dijon ,yonne ,aux]re ,comt de ,b\rgogne1 or ,d\bs ,besanon ,fran*e-,comt4 ,peace ,jura ,lons-le-,saulni] ( ,nimegu51 #afgh ,haute-,sane ,ves\l ,*ampagne4 ,philippe le ,aube ,troyes4 ,bel1 #abhd ,m>ne ,*alons-sur-,m>ne ,haute-,m>ne ,*aumont ,ard5nes ,mzires ,lorra9e499 ,on ! dea? ,meur! & ,moselle ,nancy ( ,/anislas ,lecz9sky1 ,meuse ,b>-le-,duc #agff ,vosges ,ep9al ,alsace499 ,l\is ,,xiv4 #afdh ,t]ritory ( ,bel=t ,bel=t ,haut-,rh9 ,colm> ,corsica4 #agid4 ,corse ,ajaccio ,comt de ,nice4 #ahfa ,alpes ,m>itimes ,nice ,savoy ,savoie ,*ambry ,haute-,savoie ,annecy 99 ,! great] "p ( ^! prov9ces z !y =m]ly /ood 7 c$$ to ,g]many1 ,may #aj1 #ahga4 ,,iii ,! ,*ur* 9 ,france ,la ,france ,ca?olique is to-day divid$ into eighty-f\r dioceses1 adm9i/]$1 z to spiritual affairs1 by sev5te5 ar*bi%ops & sixty-sev5 bi%ops4 ,to ea* diocese is atta*$ a sem9>y = ! in/ruction ( ^? :o aspire to ! prie/hood4 ,ea* *ief t[n ( a canton has its cur1 ea* p>i% its dess]vant4 ,ar*bi%ops & ,bi%ops ,dioceses ,,p>is ,se9e ,*>tres ,eure-et-,loire ,meaux ,se9e-et-,m>ne ,orleans ,loiret ,blois ,loir-et-,*] ,v]sailles ,se9e-et-,oise ,,cambrai ,nord ,arras ,pas-de-,calais ,,lyon-,,et-,,vi5ne ,rhne1 ,loire ,autun ,sane-et-,loire ,langres ,haute-,m>ne ,dijon ,cte-d',or ,sa9te ,claude ,jura ,gr5oble ,isre ,,b\rges ,*]-et-,indre ,cl]mont ,puy-de-,dme ,limoges ,haute-,vi5ne et ,creuse ,le ,puy ,haute-,loire ,tulle ,corrze ,sa9t ,fl\r ,cantal ,,albi ,t>n ,rodez ,aveyron ,cahors ,lot ,meude ,lozre ,p]pignan ,pyrnes-,ori5tales ,,bordeaux99 ,gironde ,ag5 ,lot-et-,g>onne ,ang\lme ,*>5te ,poiti]s ,vi5ne-et-,deux ,svres ,prigueux ,dordogne ,la ,ro*elle ,*>5te-,infrieure ,luon ,v5de ,,au* ,g]s ,aire ,l&es ,t>bes ,hautes-,pyrnes ,bayonne ,basses-,pyrnes ,,t\l\se-,,n>bonne ,haute-,g>onne ,montauban ,t>n-et-,g>onne ,pami]s ,arige ,c>cassonne ,aude ,,r\5 ,se9e-,infrieure ,bayeux ,calvados ,evreux ,eure ,sez ,orne ,c\tances ,man*e ,,s5s ,,et ,,aux]re ,yonne ,troyes ,aube ,nev]s ,nivre ,m\l9s ,alli] ,,reims ,arr4 de ,reims-et-,ard5nes ,soissons ,aisne ,*alons-sur-,m>ne ,m>ne except ,arrond4 de ,reims ,beauvais ,oise ,ami5s ,somme ,,t\rs ,indre-et-,loire ,le ,mans ,s>! ,ang]s ,ma9e-et-,loire ,nantes ,loire-,infrieure ,laval ,may5ne ,,aix1 ,,arles1 ,,& ,,embrun ,b\*es-du-,rhne except ,m>seilles ,m>seilles ,arr4 de ,m>seilles ,frjus & ,t\lon ,v> ,digne ,basses-,alpes ,gap ,hautes-,alpes ,nice ,alpes-,m>itimes ,ajaccio ,corse ,,besan,,on ,d\bs et ,haute-,sane ,v]dun ,meuse ,belley ,a9 ,/4 ,di ,vosges ,nancy ,meur! ,,avignon ,vaucluse ,nmes ,g>d ,val5ce ,drme ,vivi]s ,ard*e ,montpelli] ,hrault ,,r5nes ,ille-et-,vila9e ,quimp] ,f9i/]re ,vannes ,morbihan ,/4 ,brieuc ,ctes-du-,nord ,,*amb,,ry ,annecy ,haute-,savoie ,t>5taise ,val-de-,t>5taise 7,savoie7 ,mauri5ne ,val-de-,mauri5ne 7,savoie7 99 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,bordeaux has ?ree suffragans outside ,france3 ,/4 ,d5is & ,la ,reunion1 ,/4 ,pi]re & ,=t de ,france 7,m>t9ique71 ,basset]re 7,guadal\pe74 ,,iv ,a ,li/ ( ! ,l>g] ,fr5* ,*ur*es :i* 7 at "o "t ,ca!drals & usually ref]r$ to z su*4 ,,note4--,^? m>k$ ,h4 ,m4 are class$ z ,les ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques by ,la ,commission de la ,cons]vation des ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques4 ,agde ,hrault ,h4 ,m4 ,alais ,g>de ,al5on ,orne ,notre ,dame ,h4 ,m4 ,alet ,aude ,notre ,dame ,h4 ,m4 ,apt ,vaucluse ,h4 ,m4 ,arles ,b\*es-du-,rhne ,/4 ,trophimus ,h4 ,m4 ,arras ,/4 ,vaa/ ,aux]re ,yonne ,/4 ,eti5ne ,h4 ,m4 ,auxonne ,cte-d',or ,notre ,dame ,avran*es ,man*e 7rema9s only7 ,h4 ,m4 ,bazas ,gironde ,/4 ,jean ,h4 ,m4 ,be?lem 7,!re 0 once a ,bi%op ( ,be?lem ^: see 0 ! village ( ,clamecy only1 b no ca!dral47 ,bzi]s ,hrault ,/4 ,nazaire ,h4 ,m4 ,b\logne ,pas-de-,calais ,notre ,dame ,b\rg ,a9 ,notre ,dame ,bri\d ,haute-,loire ,h4 ,m4 ,cambrai ,notre ,dame ,c>cassonne ,aude ,/4 ,nazaire ,h4 ,m4 ,c>p5tras ,vaucluse ,/4 ,siffre9 ,h4 ,m4 ,ca/res ,t>n ,/4 ,b5onit ,cavaillon ,vaucluse ,/4 ,vran ,h4 ,m4 ,condom ,g]s ,h4 ,m4 ,cons]ons ,arige 7,see ,/4 ,lizi]7 ,die ,drme ,h4 ,m4 ,d9an ,ctes-du-,nord ,/4 ,saveur ,h4 ,m4 ,dol ,ille-et-,vila9e ,/4 ,samson ,h4 ,m4 ,elne ,pyrnes-,ori5tales ,h4 ,m4 ,embrun ,hautes-,alpes ,h4 ,m4 ,gl&ves ,basses-,alpes 7,bi%opric transf]r$ to ,entrevaux7 ,grasse ,alpes-,m>itimes 7,bi%opric 9 ,x,i,vth c5tury7 ,laon ,aisne ,notre ,dame ,h4 ,m4 ,lavaur ,t>n 7,bi%opric 9 ,x,i,vth c5tury7 ,lect\rs ,g]s 7,bi%opric 9 ,x? 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( ,france f ! ,romano-,byzant9e p]iod to t ( ! ,r5aissance #ajej-ajge ,nev]s ,/4 ,eti5ne ,di/9ct r\nd-ar* #ajge-aajj ,bayeux ,notre ,dame /yle ,ca5 ,/4 ,eti5ne #aabe-aaej ,autun ,/4 ,laz>e ,po9t$ ar* 9 ,/4 ,d5is 7*oir7 vault+ & #aaej-aage ,ang]s ,/4 ,maurice l>g] works1 ) ,p>is ,notre ,dame ! reta9+ ( ,s5s ,/4 ,eti5ne ! r\nd 9 ! small] #abjj-abbe ,reims ,notre ,dame ,g5]al adoption ,aux]re ,/4 ,eti5ne ( ! ogival ,troyes ,/s4 ,pet] & ,paul /yle #abbe-abej ,ami5s ,notre ,dame ,! complet$ ,dijon ,/4 ,bnigne ogival /yle ,b\rges ,/4 ,eti5ne #abej-abge ,noyon ,notre ,dame 7cloi/]s7 #acjj-acbe ,r\5 ,notre ,dame 7lady-*apel7 #acej-acge ,*>tres ,notre ,dame #adbe-adej ,aux]re ,/4 ,eti5ne 7,n4 transept7 ,introduction ( ,r5aissance detail #adej-adge ,evreux ,notre ,dame 7transepts 9 ,italy & & t[]7 elaboration ( ,go?ic 9 ,france #adge-aejj ,r\5 ,notre ,dame 7,s4 ,w4 ,r5aissance firmly t[]7 graft$ 9 ,italy ,nev]s ,/4 ,eti5ne 7,s4 por*7 & gradually #aejj-aebe ,beauvais ,/4 ,pi]re 7,s4 transept7 appe>+ 9 ! ,*>tres ,notre ,dame 7,n4 ,w4 ,go?ic ( ,france spire7 #aebe-aeej ,beauvais ,/4 ,pi]re 7,n4 transept7 ,ami5s ,notre ,dame 7fl*e7 #aeej-aege ,beauvais ,/4 ,pi]re 7c5tral t[] ,r5aissance firmly s9ce de/roy$7 e/abli%$ #afjj-afbe ,orleans ,/e4 ,croix ,,vi ,dim5sions & ,*ronology ,,notre ,,dame ,d',,ami5s ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame d',ami5s ,dim5sions ,l5g? ( nave & *oir1 #dfi feet ,wid? includ+ transepts1 #bad feet ,wid? ( nave1 #ei feet ,wid? ( aisles1 #cc-a_/b feet ,height ( nave1 #ada or #adg feet1 e/imat$ v>i\sly ,height ( aisles1 #fe feet ,l5g? ( *oir1 #ace feet ,wid? ( nave includ+ aisles1 #aej feet ,l5g? ( transepts1 #aid feet ,wid? ( transepts1 #cf feet1 #f in*es ,height ( spire1 #dbb feet ,sup]ficial area1 #gj1jjj squ>e feet 7approx47 ,*ronology ,nave & *oir1 #abbj-abhh ,*oir /alls1 #aebj ,we/]n t[]s complet$1 #aecc ,lat]al *apels ( nave1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,*oir *apels1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,,/4 ,,maurice ,d',,ang]s ,illu/ration ,dim5sions ,l5g? ( nave & *oir1 #cjj feet ,wid? ( transepts1 #dj feet ,height ( transepts1 #hj feet ,height ( nave1 #aaj feet ,wid? ( nave1 #ec feet ,height ( spires1 #bbe feet ,*ronology ,l[] walls1 ,romano-,byzant9e ,ma9 body complet$1 #abdj ,*oir1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,bi%op's ,palace1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,arras tape/ries1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,*oir doorway1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury 7,rec5tly re/or$ by ,viollet-le-,duc7 ,,/4 ,,vaa/ ,d',,arras ,dim5sions ,l5g? ( nave & *oir1 #cjb feet ,height ( nave1 #ff-a_/b feet ,wid? ( nave1 #di feet ,height ( t[]1 #aed feet ,*ronology ,=m] ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame begun1 end ( ,x,i,ith c5tury ,=m] ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame complet$1 #adii ,pres5t ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,vaa/1 #agee-ahcc ,tripty* ( ,bellegambe 9 pres5t ,ca!dral1 #aebh ,=m] ,abbey ( ,/4 ,vaa/1 n[ ,episcopal ,palace s9ce #aged ,,/4 ,,laz>e ,d',,autun ,dim5sions ,height ( spire1 #cbe feet ,*ronology ,transition portion con/ruct$ by ,rob]t ,i41 ,duke ( ,burgundy1 #ajca-ajgf ,spire1 ,x,vth c5tury ,sculpture ( *oir1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,flamboyant *apels1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,,aux]re ,*ronology ,crypt 7rema9s ( e>ly "w71 ,x,ith c5tury ,*oir & glass1 #abae-abcd ,we/]n portals1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,nave1 #accd-acgc ,nor? transept1 #adae-aeac ,n4 ,w4 t[]1 #aebe-aecj ,iron grille ( *oir1 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,bayeux ,dim5sions ,c5tral belfry1 #cjj feet ,l5g? int]ior1 #cce feet ,height int]ior1 #gd feet1 #i in*es ,height ( we/]n t[]s1 #beb feet ,*ronology ,odo's crypt1 ,x,ith c5tury ,circul> ar*es ( nave1 late ,x,ith or e>ly ,x,i,ith c5tury ,portals ( we/ faade1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,*asuble ( ,/4 ,regnob]t1 gift ( ,/4 ,l\is1 #abbf ,date ( tape/ry 79 inv5tory ( *ur* prop]ty71 #adgf ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,beauvais ,dim5sions ,height ( nave1 #aej feet ,height ( orig9al spire1 :i* fell 9 #aegc1 #dhf feet ,area ( *oir1 ab\t #bh1jjj squ>e feet ,*ronology ,! ,basse ,o,euvre1 ,v,ith to ,v,i,i,ith c5turies ,pres5t build+ begun1 #abbe ,d$icat$1 #abgb ,ro( fell1 #abhd ,s\? transept begun1 #aejj ,nor? transept begun1 #aecj ,nor? transept f9i%$1 #aecg ,c5tral spire fell1 #aegc ,anci5t ,bi%op's ,palace1 n[ ,palais de ,ju/ice1 ,x,i,vth to ,x,v,ith c5turies ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,b\rges ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,b\rges ,dim5sions ,l5g?1 #dje feet ,wid?1 #ace-a_/b feet ,height ( nave1 #abd-a_/b feet ,height ( inn] aisle1 #ff feet ,height ( out] aisle1 #bh feet ,height nor? t[]1 #bag-a_/b feet ,height s\? t[]1 #agf feet ,sup]ficial area1 #gc1agj squ>e feet 7approx47 ,*ronology ,d$icat$1 #acbd ,sepul*re1 #accf ,crypts1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,nor? t[]1 #aejh-aech ,t[] ,/4 ,eti5ne complet$1 #adij ,t[] ,/4 ,eti5ne fell1 #aejf ,*oir /alls1 #agfj ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,*,,lons-,,sur-,,m>ne ,*ronology ,t[] next nor? door1 ,romano-,byzant9e ,"p ( nave & *oir1 ,ogival primaire ,aisle & *apels ( apse1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,apse re/or$1 aft] fire1 9 #afgb ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,*>tres ,dim5sions ,l5g? nave & *oir1 #dcj feet ,wid?1 #aaj feet ,l5g? nave only1 #aba feet ,wid? nave1 #df feet ,wid? nave aisles1 #ai feet ,height nave1 #ajf feet ,l5g? transepts1 #bjb feet ,wid? transepts1 #gj feet ,height ( nor? spire1 #djc feet ,height ( s\? spire1 #cfe feet ,rose w9d[1 diamet]1 #dj to #dc feet ,area1 #fe1jjj squ>e feet 7approx47 ,*ronology ,wood5 *ur* burn$1 #ajbj ,crypt "u *evet ( *oir1 #ajbi 7only rema9s ( orig9al *ur*7 ,"w ( rebuild+ /opp$1 #ajdh ,s\? portal erect$1 #ajfj ,"w aid$ by ,matilda1 que5 ( ,william ,i41 #ajhc ,l[] portion ( ma9 body built1 #aajj-aaej ,we/]n t[]s1 #aade ,fire damag$ great] "p1 #aaid ,vault+ complet$1 #abbj ,por*es ( transepts add$1 #abej ,build+ consecrat$1 ,octob] #ag1 #abfj ,sacri/y & scre5 9 crypt1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,nor? spire burn$1 #aejf ,texi]'s spire erect$1 #aejg-aeae ,texi]'s spire repair$1 #afbi ,s\? spire repair$1 #aged ,belfry & ro( burn$ 7vault+ unh>m$71 #ahcf ,,notre ,,dame ,d',,evreux ,dim5sions ,l5g?1 #cfh feet1 #f in*es ,transept1 l5g?1 #aab feet ,transept1 wid?1 #bc feet ,*ronology ,*ur* consecrat$1 #ajgf ,*ur* burnt1 #aaai ,nor?we/ t[] f\ndations laid1 #aceb ,nor?we/ t[] complet$1 #adag ,nor? transept1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,nave1 e>ly ,x,i,ith to late ,x,vth c5tury ,*oir1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,lady-*apel1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,laon ,illu/ration3 ,laon ,dim5sions ,l5g? ( nave & *oir1 #cea feet ,height ( nave1 #hj feet ,wid? ( nave1 #fg feet1 #g in*es ,l5g? ( transepts1 #agd feet ,wid? ( transepts1 #ce feet1 #i in*es ,height ( we/]n t[]s1 #agc feet ,height ( s\?we/ t[] & spire 7=m]ly71 #cbh feet ,we/]n circul> w9d[1 #bf feet ,sup]ficial area1 #dd1jjj squ>e feet 7approx47 ,*ronology ,orig9al *ur* burn$1 #aaab ,new edifice begun1 #aaad ,entirely rebuilt1 #aaij ,g5]al re/oration1 #ahea ,,/4 ,,juli51 ,,le ,,mans ,illu/ration3 ,,le ,,mans ,dim5sions ,l5g? ( nave & *oir1 #cfi feet ,wid? ( nave & aisles1 #gh feet ,wid? ( *oir1 #abc feet ,height ( *oir1 #ajh feet ,area ( *oir1 #cj1jjj squ>e feet 7approx47 ,l5g? ( transept1 #agh feet ,wid? ( transept1 #cb feet ,*ronology ,we/ faade1 ,x,ith c5tury ,transition1 s\? portal1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,nave & transepts recon/ruct$1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,*ur* ext5d$ beyond city walls1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,*oir rebuilt1 #abjj ,*oir re/or$1 #aheh ,col\r$ glass1 ,x,i,i,ith1 ,x,i,vth1 ,x,vth c5turies ,rose w9d[1 s\? transept1 ,x,vth c5tury ,=m] ,bi%op's ,palace de/roy$ by ,g]mans1 #ahga ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,meaux ,dim5sions ,height ( nave1 #aji feet ,l5g? ( nave1 #bge feet ,l5g? ( transepts1 #abj feet ,*ronology ,bi%opric f\nd$1 #cge ,a4,d4 ,*oir 9 "p1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,re/or$1 #aheb ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,nantes ,illu/ration ,dim5sions ,height ( we/]n t[]s1 #bgj feet ,height ( nave1 #acj feet ,*ronology ,rema9s ( *oir conta9s1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,romanesque *ur* rebuilt1 ,x,vth c5tury ,we/ front1 #adcd-aejj ,nor? transept & *oir only complet$ 9 ,x,i,xth c5tury ,tomb ( ,franois ,,ii4 & ,m>gu]ite de ,foix1 #aejg ,lat] re/oration1 #aheb ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,noyon ,illu/ration3 ,noyon ,dim5sions ,l5g?1 #cch feet ,wid? ( nave & aisles1 #fd feet1 #aj in*es ,height ( nave1 #gd feet1 #f in*es ,height ( aisles1 #bh feet1 #i in*es ,height ( *oir1 #bf feet1 #c in*es ,height ( t[]s1 #bjj feet ,sup]ficial area1 #cj1jjj squ>e feet 7approx47 ,*ronology ,fir/ con/ruct$1 #ihi ,burnt1 #aaca ,rebuild+ und]tak51 #aacg-aaej ,*oir1 transepts1 & nave complet$1 #aafg-abjj ,timb] "w burnt1 #abic ,*apt]-h\se built1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,five bays ( cloi/] built1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,re/or$ "u gov]nm5tal sup]vision1 #ahdj ,,/4 ,,croix ,d',,orleans ,dim5sions ,height ( t[]s1 #bhj feet ,height ( nave1 #ajj feet ,*ronology ,fir/ bi%ops s5t f ,rome1 ,i,i,ird c5tury ,ca!dral de/roy$ by ,hugu5ots1 #aefg ,*apels ( nave :i* /ill rema91 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,late ,go?ic ma9ly ( ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,we/]n t[]s complet$1 #aghi ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,p>is ,illu/ration3 ,p>is ,dim5sions ,l5g?1 #cij feet ,wid?1 #add feet ,height ( nave1 #ajb feet ,diamet] ( rose w9d[s 9 transept1 #cf feet ,sup]ficial area1 #fd1ajj squ>e feet ,*ronology ,f\nd$ by ,bi%op de ,sully1 #aafj-aagj ,high alt> d$icat$1 #aahb ,int]ior complet$ 7approx471 #abjh ,we/ front1 #abbc-abcj ,we/]n t[]s1 #abce ,transept portals1 #abeg ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,reims ,illu/ration3 ,reims ,illu/ration3 ,fly+ ,buttresses1 ,reims ,dim5sions ,we/]n t[]s1 #bfg feet ,area1 #fe1jjj feet 7approx47 ,*ronology ,fir/ /one laid1 #abab ,fir/ portion d$icat$1 #abae ,*apt] takes possession ( *oir1 #abdd ,nave comm5c$1 #abej ,transept & abside ornam5t$1 #abie ,s\? t[] begun & complet$1 #achj-acia ,coronation ( ,*>les ,,vii41 #adbg ,s\?we/ t[] complet$ by ,phila/re1 #adcj ,tape/ries add$ to *oir1 #addd ,belfry ( ! ,angel built1 #adig ,gable ( ! ,assumption & ,zodiac1 #adjh ,re/abli%m5t ( gr& alt>1 #aedg ,repairs to portals & vault+1 #afaj ,ca!dral becomes national prop]ty1 #agij ,ext]ior repairs & re/oration1 #ahaa ,g5]al re/orations1 #ahdj #b1jhc1daa francs vot$ by ,*amb] = re/orations1 #ahge ,gifts ( ,gobel9 tape/ries1 #ahdh ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,r\5 ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame ,r\5 ,dim5sions ,l5g? ( nave & *oir1 #dej feet ,wid?1 includ+ transepts1 #agg feet ,wid? ( nave & aisles1 #aje feet ,l5g? ( *oir only1 #aah feet ,height ( nave1 #ib feet ,height ( c5tral spire1 #dhj feet ,height ( ,t\r de ,beurre1 #beb feet ,height ( ,t\r ,/4 ,roma91 #bdf feet ,area 7orig9ally71 #ec1jjj squ>e feet ,*ronology ,fir/ *ur* f\nd$ on site ( ca!dral by ,/4 ,mell>1 ,v,i,ith c5tury ,ca!dral enl>g$ "u ,rollo1 :o 0 buri$ !re9 9 #icj ,consecrat$ & d$icat$1 #ajfc ,t\r ,/4 ,roma91 rema9s (1 ,x,ith c5tury ,de/roy$ by fire1 #abjj ,new build+ complet$1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,portail de la ,cal5de1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,t\r de ,beurre laid1 #adhg ,t\r de ,beurre complet$1 #aejg ,flamboyant we/ front1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,alt> ( ,/4 ,roma91 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,tomb ( ! ,c>d9als1 #aeef ,c5tral spire1 #ahbc ,re/oration ( we/ front1 #ahig ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,s5s ,dim5sions ,l5g?1 #chd feet ,wid?1 #abd feet ,height1 #ih feet ,area1 #dd1jjj squ>e feet ,*ronology ,relique ( ,true ,cross giv5 by ,*>lemagne1 #hjj ,a4 ,d4 ,e>ly *ur* de/roy$ by fire1 #igj ,new *ur* d$icat$1 #iig ,pres5t build+ complet$1 #aafh ,*oir rebuilt1 #aagd ,pres5t transept & nave1 ,x,i,ith & ,x,i,i,ith c5turies ,glass 9 *apel ( ,/4 ,sav9i51 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,glass ( rose w9d[s1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,mausoleum ( ! ,dauph91 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,,basilique ,,de ,,/4 ,,d5is ,dim5sions ,l5g? ( nave & *oir1 #ced feet ,wid?1 #acc feet ,cl]e/ory w9d[s 7height71 #cc feet ,*ronology ,*apel fir/ built above grave ( ,/4 ,dionysius ! m>tyr1 #bge ,a4 ,d4 ,b5$ict9e abbey fir/ f\nd$ "h 9 reign ( ,dagob]t1 #fbh ,pope ,/eph5 took refuge "h1 #ged ,romanesque faade1 #aadj ,consecration ( ! build+1 #aadd ,nave1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,abbot ,sug] di$1 #aaea ,g5]al re/oration by ,sug]'s successors1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,cr5elat$ battlem5t add$ to faade1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,spire burn$ by lightn+1 ,x,i,xth c5tury ,g5]al re/oration by ,viollet-le-,duc1 #ahfj ,l\is ,,xvi4 & ,m>ie ,anto9ette re9t]r$ "h 7remov$ f ! ,madele9e71 #ahag ,illu/ration3 ,,crypt ,s4 ,,d5is ,illu/ration3 ,s ,,d5is ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,/4 ,,om] ,dim5sions ,! great bell ( t[] weighs #h1ejj kilos4 ,*ronology ,bi%opric f\nd$1 #aecc ,a/ronomical clock1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,tomb ( ,/4 ,erkembode1 ,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,tomb ( ,/4 ,om] re/or$1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,=m] ,episcopal ,palace1 n[ ,palais de ,ju/ice1 #afhj ,,/4 ,,gati5 ,,de ,,t\rs ,illu/ration ,dim5sions ,l5g? ( nave & *oir1 #bef feet ,wid?1 #ie feet ,*ronology ,*oir begun1 #aagj ,t\r ,*>lemagne1 ,x,ith c5tury ,t\r ,/4 ,m>t91 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,transepts1 #acaf ,we/ faade1 #adcj-aejj ,s\?we/ t[]1 #aejg ,tomb ( *ildr5 ( ,*>les ,,viii41 #adhc ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,troyes ,dim5sions ,l5g?1 #cid feet ,wid?1 #afh feet ,height1 #if feet ,height nor?we/ t[]1 #bjb feet ,*ronology ,apse & *apels1 #abjf-abbc ,*oir & transepts1 #acad-acae ,iron grille ( *oir1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,*ur* consecrat$1 #adcj ,we/ faade1 ,x,vth c5tury ,nave con/ruct$ dur+ ,x,i,vth1 ,x,vth1 ,x,v,ith c5turies ,nor? gable1 ,x,vth c5tury ,t[] ,/4 ,pi]re1 #aeei-aefh ,nor?we/ t[] demoli%$ by lightn+1 #agjj ,vault+ ( transepts fell1 #ahdj ,re/oration ( *oir & transepts1 #ahdj ,,vii ,! ,fr5* ,k+s f ,*>lemagne ,onw>d ,a4 ,d4 ,*>lemagne #gfh ,l\is le ,dbonnaire #had ,*>les le ,*auve #hdj ,l\is ,,ii41 le ,bgue #hgg ,l\is ,,iii4 #hgi ,c>loman #hgi ,*>les le ,gros #hhd ,eudes #hhg ,*>les ,,iii41 ! ,simple #hic ,rob]t ,i4 #ibb ,rodolf ( ,burgundy #ibc ,l\is ,,iv41 ! ,/rang] #icf ,lo?aire #ied ,l\is ,v41 le ,fa9ant #ihf ,hugh ,capet #ihg ,rob]t ,,ii41 ! ,wise #iif ,h5ry ,i4 #ajca ,philip ,i41 l',am\reux #ajfj ,l\is ,,vi41 le ,gros #aajh ,l\is ,,vii41 le ,jeune #aacg ,philip ,augu/us #aahj ,l\is ,,viii41 ! ,lion #abbc ,l\is ,,ix41 ! ,sa9t #abbf ,philip ,,iii41 ! ,h>dy #abgj ,philip ,,iv41 ! ,fair #abhe ,l\is ,x41 ,hut9 #acad ,john ,i4 #acaf ,philip ,v4 #acaf ,*>les ,,iv41 le ,bel #acbb ,philip ,,vi41 de ,valois #acbh ,john ,,ii41 ! ,good #acej ,*>les ,v41 le ,sage #acfd ,*>les ,,vi41 ! ,belov$ #achj ,*>les ,,vii41 ! ,victori\s #adbb ,l\is ,,xi4 #adfa ,*>les ,,viii4 #adhc ,l\is ,,xii41 ( ,orleans #adih ,francis ,i4 #aeae ,h5ry ,,ii4 #aedg ,francis ,,ii4 #aeei ,*>les ,,ix4 #aefj ,h5ry ,,iii4 #aegd ,h5ry ,,iv41 ! ,great #aehi ,l\is ,,xiii41 ! ,j #afaj ,l\is ,,xiv41 le ,gr& #afdc ,l\is ,,xv4 #agae ,l\is ,,xvi4 #aggd ,revolution>y ,tribunal #agic ,directory #agie ,napoleon1 ,consul #agii ,napoleon ,i41 ,emp]or #ahjd ,l\is ,,xviii4 #ahad ,*>les ,x4 #ahbd ,l\is ,philippe #ahcj ,republic #ahdh ,napoleon ,,iii41 ,emp]or #aheb ,republic #ahgj ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,vii ,,viii ,measurem5ts ( ! ,ca!drals at ,ami5s & ,salisbury 7,:itt+ton7 ,ami5s ,salisbury ,fr5* feet ,engli% feet ,l5g? ea/ to we/ #dae #deb ,l5g? we/ door to *oir #bbj #bdf ,l5g? beh9d *oir1 includ+ lady-*apel #fc #fe ,l5g? transepts nor? to s\? #ahb #baj ,wid? nave #db4i #cd4e ,wid? transept #db4i ,wid? side aisles #ah #ag4e ,wid? w9d[s #da #dh ,wid? nave & side aisles #gh4i #ajb ,wid? we/ front #aej #aae ,height vault1 nave #acb #hd ,height vault1 *oir #abi ,height we/ t[]s #baj ,height *apels #fj ,height side aisles1 nave #fj4h ,height side aisles1 *oir #eg4h #ch ,di/ance betwe5 pill>s #af ,height gr& ar*es #gh #gh ,numb] ( pill>s #df ,numb] ( *apels #be ,l5g? ( *oir #acj #adj 7,! old ,fr5* foot is ! equal ( #a4jfegf ,engli% feet47 ,! above comp>ative measurem5ts are giv5 z be+ ( ! contempor>y types ( ,engli% & ,fr5* ca!drals1 be+ ne>ly approximate to ea* o!r z to ! date ( _! erection & measurem5ts4 ,! figures !mselves are transcrib$ f a little-kn[n b ?or\ghly consci5ti\s "w by ,g4 ,d4 ,:itt+ton1 entitl$ ,contributions to an ,ecclesia/ical ,survey ( ,france4 ,,ix ,fr5* ,metres ,r$uc$ to ,engli% ,feet ,metres ,engli% feet & ,metres ,engli% feet & ,metres ,engli% feet & decimal p>ts decimal p>ts decimal p>ts #a #c4bha #bj #fe4fah #cjj #ihd4bgj #b #f4efb #cj #ih4dbg #djj #acab4cfj #c #i4hdc #dj #aca4bcf #ejj #afdj4dej #d #ac4abc #ej #afd4jde #fjj #aifh4eci #e #af4djd #fj #aif4hed #gjj #bbif4fbi #f #ai4fhe #gj #bbi4ffc #hjj #bfbd4gai #g #bb4iff #hj #bfb4dgb #ijj #bieb4hji #h #bf4bdg #ij #bie4bha #ajjj #cbhj4hii #i #bi4ebh #ajj #cbh4jij #aj #cb4hji #bjj #fef4ahj ,x ,a ,brief ,gloss>y ( ar*itectural t]ms1 ) popul> def9itions1 z appli$ to ! compon5ts :i* compose ! pr9cipal features ( a ca!dral *ur* ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #a4 ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,a ,lady-*apel ,! pr9cipal *apel1 usually beh9d ! high alt>1 at ! extremity or ea/]n end ( *oir1 d$icat$ to ,our ,lady 7,notre ,dame7 ,b ,transept ,! middle portion ( a *ur*1 :i* projects at "r angles ) ! ma9 body ( nave & *oir ,c ,por* ,usually ! ve/ibule or rec$+ doorway ,d ,lant]n or cross+ ,:]e ! transept crosses & jo9s *oir & nave1 usually ) w9d[s1 if a lant]n prop] ,e ,*oir ,t portion ( ! edifice 9 :i* are /alls = ! *ori/]s1 & *apt]1 also conta9+ ! ,matre d',autel ,f ,ambulatory ,! aisles or colonnade :i* surr\nd ! *oir ,g ,*apels ,lit]ally a small place ( wor%ip conta9+ an alt>4 ,9 a great *ur*1 :i* may conta9 sev]al1 !y are usually d$icat$ to male & female sa9ts ,h ,nave ,! ma9 body ( a *ur*1 ext5d+ f ! *oir to ! pr9cipal faade2 i4 e4 t "p betwe5 ! out] aisles ,i ,aisles ,! lat]al passage on ei!r side ( ! nave & sep>at$ !refrom by pi]s or pill>s ,j ,portal ,lit]ally1 ! framework ( a doorway ,k ,abside ,! dom$ ea/]ly end ( a *ur* ,l ,sacri/y ,! ap>tm5t 9 :i* is kept ! *ur* plate & ve/m5ts ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #b4 ,,cross ,,section ,a ,nave aisle vault+ ,! ar*$ ro( ( /one ,b ,nave vault+ ,! ar*$ ro( ( /one ,c ,fly+ buttress ,a support+ outside prop ( ! ?ru/ v>iety4 ,notably a di/+ui%+ feature ( m$ival ,go?ic ar*itecture ,d ,side aisle ,! passage :i* flanks ! nave ,e ,buttress pi] ,! out] support ( a fly+ buttress ,f ,p9nacle ,on t[]s1 buttress pi]s1 gables1 etc4 ,g ,g>goyle ,a project+ wat]-sp\t c>v$ grotesquely ,h ,ni*e ,a recess 9 a wall1 or surm\nt+ a pi]2 prim>ily to hold a /atue ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #c4 ,,int]ior ,a ,cl]e/ory ,! upp] range ( w9d[s ( ! nave2 ris+ above ! adjo9+ portions ,b ,tri=ium ,lit]ally1 a bl9d w9d[--a range ( op5+s1 or possibly an arcade-effect only1 com+ bel[ ! cl]e/ory & above ! l[] ar*es ( ! nave ,c ,ar* 7betwe5 nave & ai ,jo9+ ! pi]s or pill>s :i* sep>ate nave f aisles ,d ,pill>s 7( nave7 ,commonly call$ pill>s1 columns1 & pi]s1 b m (t5 are lit]ally pill>s1 be+ made up ( blocks ( /one "o ^u ano!r ,e ,vault+ ,! /one ar*$ ro( ,f ,we/ wall ,"h1 9 ! true ,go?ic *ur*1 is usually f\nd a rose w9d[1 ?\gh (t5 obscur$ by ! organ case ,g ,arcad$ gall]y ,a feature frequ5tly se5 9 ! int]ior ( great *ur*es1 z di/9ct f ! tri=ium4 ,ei!r decorative or ( practical value ,h ,pavem5t ,! floor1 always ( /one1 & (t5 ( m>ble or mosaic ,illu/ration3 ,,no4 #d4 ,,cross ,,section ,a ,fly+ buttresses ,a ?ru/ support1 or prop1 ext5d+ f ! ma9 fabric to an out] pi] ,b ,timb] ro( ,! timb] or scantl+ above ! nave1 :i* supports ! out] til$ or lead5 ro(+ ,c ,nave ,! ma9 body ( a *ur* ,d ,aisle ,! passage :i* flanks ! nave ,e ,out] aisle ,a second or out] passage flank+ ! nave ,f ,/airway to ro( ( aisle ,/airways f ! int]ior pavem5t1 lead+ to tri=ium1 belfry1 or ro( ,g ,crypt ,9 reality a l[] or subt]ranean *ur* or *apel2 f crypta1 to hide ,h ,buttress pi] ,! out] support ( a fly+ buttress1 or "o ly+ directly aga9/ ! wall :i* x /r5g!ns ,,index ,abl>d1 #id4 ,acquita9e1 #agf1 #baa4 ,adela1 "m ( ,k+ ,/eph5 ( ,blois1 #aba4 ,agrippa1 #acd4 ,aisne1 ,dep>tm5t ( !1 #acd4 ,al5on1 ,bi%op (1 #cjg4 ,al5on1 ,notre ,dame d'1 #bif-bih4 ,amboise1 ,c>d9al d'1 #hd1 #ij4 ,amboise1 ,georges d'1 #he1 #ij4 ,ami5s1 #cb1 #ce1 #cg1 #fa1 #fb1 #aag1 #abi1 #acc1 #bjj1 #bfg1 #bgb1 #bgh4 ,ami5s1 ,bi%op (1 #fe4 ,ami5s1 ,ca!dral at1 #adj1 #ada1 #chd4 ,ami5s1 ,fly+ buttresses at1 #fg4 ,ami5s1 ,notre ,dame d'1 #fd1 #fi1 #gb1 #cff1 #cfg4 ,amp\le1 ,sa9te1 ,!1 #be1 #adc4 ,ang]s1 #aai1 #adi4 ,ang]s1 ,bi%op's ,palace at1 #aha4 ,ang]s1 ,ca/le at1 #age4 ,ang]s1 ,david d'1 #bce4 ,ang]s1 ,/4 ,maurice d'1 #adg1 #agc-ahb1 #cfg1 #cfh4 ,angev9e ,*ur*es1 ,!1 #bae4 ,angev9e details at ,le ,mans1 #aae4 ,angev9e /yle ( ar*itecture1 ,!1 #agf1 #ahj4 ,ang\lme1 #ae4 ,anj\1 #aae4 ,anj\1 ,c\nts (1 #age4 ,anj\1 ,dukes (1 #agc1 #aha4 ,anj\1 ,m>g>et (1 #agc4 ,anne ( ,brittany1 #afi1 #ahd4 ,anne1 ,du*ess 7see also ,anne ( ,brittany71 #ahh4 ,antw]p1 #abf4 ,ar*itectural divisions ( ,france1 #cd4 ,ard5nes1 ,dep>tm5t ( !1 #acd4 ,arles1 #cc4 ,arras1 #ae1 #ahd1 #bbf4 ,arras1 ,belfry at1 #bde2 ,citadel (1 #bdd2 ,htel de ,ville1 #bde4 ,arras1 ,/4 ,vaa/ d'1 #bdb-bdf1 #cfh4 ,artois1 #bcg1 #bdb4 ,assisi1 ,/4 ,francis (1 #ahh4 ,attila1 #acb4 ,attila1 ,attack on ,aurelianum1 #aej4 ,attila1 ,defeat at ,*alons1 #bea4 ,augu/us1 #acd4 ,aurelian1 #aej1 #bbf4 ,autun1 #cc1 #beg1 #beh4 ,autun1 ,/4 ,laz>e d'1 #beg-bfa1 #cfh4 ,auv]gne1 #aea4 ,auv]gnat ,*ur*es1 ,!1 #bae4 ,aux]re1 #bae4 ,aux]re1 ,bi%ops (1 #aid4 ,aux]re1 ,episcopal ,palace at1 #aie4 ,aux]re1 ,/4 ,eti5ne d'1 #aia-aif1 #cfi4 ,auxonne1 ,notre ,dame d'1 #bbj4 ,avignon1 #cc4 ,avran*es1 #cba4 ,avran*es1 ,notre ,dame de1 #cbf-cbh4 ,azon1 #cjg4 ,baldw9 ( ,ha9ault1 #bcg4 ,balzac1 #afd4 ,bayeux1 #bhe4 ,bayeux1 ,odo1 ,bi%op (1 #caa1 #cab4 ,bayeux1 ,notre ,dame de1 #caj-cad1 #cfi4 ,bayeux1 ,tape/ry (1 #caj1 #caa4 ,beauvais1 #ac1 #ai1 #bj1 #cb1 #ce1 #cg1 #fa1 #fi1 #aag-aai1 #acc1 #bjj1 #bfg4 ,beauvais1 ,bi%op (1 #eb1 #cjc4 ,beauvais1 ,romano-,byzant9e "w at1 #ge4 ,beauvais1 ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 #bh1 #gj-gf1 #adj1 #cfi4 ,beaux ,arts1 ,dp>tem5t de1 #bc1 #cdj4 ,beaux ,arts1 ,palais des1 #if4 ,becket1 ,/4 ,?omas 1 #ed1 #bhj1 #bhb1 #cbg4 ,b$=d1 ,duke (1 #ij4 ,belgica1 ,secunda1 #acb4 ,bellegambe1 #bdd4 ,bellne1 ,c\nt (1 #cjg4 ,belmas1 ,bi%op1 #bce4 ,b5$ict9e ,abbey at ,/4 ,d5is1 #ic4 ,b]5g>ia1 ,que51 #aac1 #abj4 ,b]n>d de ,soissons1 #ach4 ,b]ry1 ,duc de1 #if1 #ajh4 ,besanon1 #bg1 #cb1 #bbc1 #bbe4 ,be?lem1 ,bi%op (1 #ca4 ,bi%op's ,palace1 ,! 7,ami5s71 #fg4 ,bi%op's ,palace1 ,!1 at ,beauvais1 #gf4 ,black ,ang]s1 #agd 7see ,%akespe>e on ,ang]s74 ,blan*e ( ,ca/ile1 #ff1 #afi4 ,blois1 #ah1 #adi1 #baj1 #bae4 ,blois1 ,*ateau (1 #aeg4 ,blois1 ,c\nts (1 #aba4 ,blois1 ,k+ ,/eph5 (1 #aba4 ,blois1 ,/4 ,l\is de1 #aef4 ,bonn1 ,m9/] at1 #ej4 ,borgia1 ,cs>1 #ahb4 ,borrome1 #bdd4 ,b\logne-sur-,m]1 #bbc1 #bbe4 ,b\logne-sur-,m]1 ,notre ,dame de1 #bca-bcc4 ,b\rass1 ,abb1 #ajh1 #baa1 #bfj1 #bgi1 #cjc4 ,b\rges1 #cc1 #cg1 #fa1 #bae4 ,b\rges1 ,/4 ,eti5ne de1 #aci1 #aii-bjh1 #cgj4 ,bre/1 #cdh4 ,bretagne1 ,duc de1 #ahg4 ,briceius1 #afe4 ,brittany1 #ab1 #bj1 #bg1 #cb4 ,brittany1 ,*ancellor (1 #ahb4 ,brittany1 ,du*y (1 #ahd4 ,bruges1 #bfb4 ,burgundy1 #beh1 #bei1 #bfb4 ,byzant9e influ5ces at ,b\rges1 #bjb4 ,byzant9e t5d5cies1 #ac2 conception1 #bg4 ,ca51 #bhe4 ,cs>1 burn$ ,orleans1 #aej4 ,calixtus ,,ii41 #acc4 ,calv9 7,john71 #ea4 ,cambrai1 #ae1 #bbf4 ,cambrai1 ,notre ,dame de1 #bcd-bcf4 ,capet1 ,hugh1 #ea4 ,c>cassonne1 #cc4 ,c>lov+ian ,dyna/y1 ,!1 #id4 ,c>ri]1 #ahc4 ,ca!drals1 ,! ,gr&1 #bc4 ,ca!drals ( ! ,nor?1 #bf4 ,caveau ,imp]ial1 ,!1 at ,/4 ,d5is1 #ie4 ,*alons 7sur ,m>ne71 #acb1 #acc1 #bbf4 ,*alons-sur-,m>ne1 ,/4 ,eti5ne de1 #bea-bec1 #cga4 ,*ambidge1 ,m>t91 #bgf4 ,*ambord1 #ah1 #baj1 #bad4 ,*ampagne1 ,c\nts (1 #bgd4 ,*ancellor ( ,brittany1 #ahb4 ,*antilly1 ,*ateau (1 #ej4 ,*>lemagne1 #ea1 #acc1 #bhb4 ,*>lemagne1 ,t\r de1 #afe4 ,*>les ( ,anj\1 #abj4 ,*>les ! ,bold1 ,duke ( ,burgundy1 #bfb-bfc4 ,*>les 7,k+71 #bab4 ,*>les ,v41 #bdj1 #bhb4 ,*>les ,,vii41 #cj1 #ach1 #add4 ,*>les ,,viii41 #ag1 #afi1 #ahd4 ,*>les ,x41 #bd1 #add4 ,*>tres1 #bj1 #cj1 #cc1 #ce1 #fa1 #fb1 #aac1 #baj1 #bae1 #bgh1 #cch4 ,*>tres1 ,celtic f\ndation (1 #abd4 ,*>tres1 ,c\nts (1 #aba4 ,*>tres1 ,details at1 #hg4 ,*>tres1 ,jean de1 #ahg4 ,*>tres1 ,notre ,dame de1 #aba1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada1 #cga4 ,*>tres1 ,spires ( ,ca!dral at1 #abe1 #bfg4 ,*a/e ,susanne1 ,pa9t+ (1 #bbj4 ,*ateau ( ! ,italian ,dukes 7at ,nev]s71 #baj4 ,*ateaux ( ! ,loire1 #ah1 #cb1 #adh4 ,*auc]'s ,temple ( ,m>s1 #hf4 ,*aumont1 #ah4 ,*5onceau1 #ah1 #baj4 ,*ild]ic1 #acb1 #acc4 ,cires-les-,mello1 #ce4 ,clamecy1 #ca4 ,clem5t1 ,eudes1 #ii4 ,clotilda1 wife ( ,clovis1 #acc4 ,clovis1 #bb1 #cj1 #ach1 #aci1 #adc1 #add1 #bbd4 ,clovis1 ,baptism (1 #acc4 ,coligny1 #aea4 ,cologne1 ,apse-sid$ transepts at1 #ej4 ,cologne1 ,ca!dral at1 #bj1 #cg1 #ace1 #ada4 ,colomb1 ,mi*el1 #ahg1 #ccb4 ,colombi]s1 #cae4 ,comm]cy1 ,jacquem9 de1 #bej4 ,commission des ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques1 #ce1 #agj1 #agf1 #bac4 ,compigne1 ,*ateau (1 #ej4 ,conds1 ,!1 #aec4 ,con/ant1 #bhb4 ,cormi]1 ,jean1 #abi4 ,corroy]1 #cdi4 ,c\cy1 ,*ateau (1 #ej4 ,c\tances1 #bfg1 #bhe1 #bhf1 #cba4 ,c\tances1 ,notre ,dame de1 #cba-cbe4 ,creil1 #ce4 ,croixmore1 ,abp4 ,rob]t de1 #hd4 ,crusad]s1 ,!1 #ad4 ,dagob]t ,i41 #ic4 ,d',arc1 ,jeanne1 #aea1 #cjc4 ,dauph9s ( ,france1 ,!1 #agj4 ,da ,v9ci1 #aeg4 ,de ,breze1 ,l\is1 #hi4 ,de ,breze1 ,pi]re1 #hi4 ,de ,caumont1 ,abcdaire'd ,ar*itecture1 #cc1 #cdi4 ,de ,sauteuil1 #ajf4 ,desc>tes1 #afd4 ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 ,! 7by ,rub5s71 #bci4 ,devils ( ,notre ,dame1 ,!1 #ajf4 ,dieppe1 #bhe4 ,dijon1 #bg1 #bbc1 #beh4 ,dijon1 ,/4 ,bnigne (1 #bbe1 #bfb-bfe4 ,d9an1 #cce4 ,dol-de-,bretagne1 ,faade at1 #ih4 ,dol-de-,bretagne1 ,/4 ,samson de1 #cbi-ccb4 ,dom5i*9o1 #bgb4 ,domfront1 #cba4 ,d\ai1 #bdd4 ,du ,bellay ,langey1 #abj4 ,duftre1 ,mgr41 #baa4 ,duroctorum1 #acb4 ,ea/ ( ,p>is1 #bba4 ,ea/]n influ5ces at ,b\rges1 #bjb4 ,ebo1 ,bi%op ( ,reims1 #acf4 ,edict ( ,nantes1 ,!1 #ahc4 ,edw>d ,,iii41 #abi4 ,engli% *>act]i/ics ( ,go?ic1 #de1 #fh4 ,e/onteville1 ,c>d9al d'1 #hh4 ,evreux1 #cb4 ,evreux1 ,notre ,dame d'1 #bhh-bie1 #cgb4 ,exet]1 #aad4 ,falise1 #cba4 ,f5elon1 #bce1 #bcf4 ,f]gusson1 quot$1 #ab1 #ef1 #abf1 #aci4 ,fiesole1 ,jrme de1 #ahg4 ,flemi% s*ool ( pa9t+1 #bdd4 ,flemi% wood-c>v+1 #ij4 ,flor5ce1 #cc4 ,fly+ buttresses1 ,notre ,dame de ,p>is1 #bh2 ,notre ,dame d',ami5s1 #bh2 ,t\rs1 #afg4 ,foix1 ,m>gu]ite de1 #ahg4 ,f\illoy1 ,evr>d de1 #fe4 ,france1 ,ar*itectural divisions (1 #cd4 ,france1 ,ecclesia/ical capital (1 #acc4 ,france1 ,k+s (1 #bd1 #ic1 #chc4 ,francis ,i41 #gd4 ,francis ,,ii41 ,tomb (1 #ahg4 ,franks1 ,!1 #bb4 ,franks1 ,! ,ripu>ian1 #acc4 ,franks1 ,invasion (1 #acb1 #acc1 #bbd4 ,franki% influ5ce1 #aa4 ,freeman1 ,pr(4 ,aug41 #aac1 #bdh1 #caa4 ,frjus1 #ae4 ,fr5* ,fl&]s1 #da4 ,fr5* ,go?ic ,ar*itecture1 #ch4 ,fr5* ,m$ival ,ar*itecture1 #ch4 ,fr5* ,revolution1 ,!1 #ca1 #dc1 #dd1 #eb1 #ee1 #if1 #ii1 #ajc1 #adb1 #ahd1 #bbf4 ,fulb]t1 ,bi%op ( ,*>tres1 #abi4 ,gall]y ( ,k+s1 at ,ami5s1 #fg4 ,gall]y ( ,k+s1 ,! 7at ,reims71 #ach1 #agh4 ,gau*]1 #ach4 ,ge]a]ts 7( ,antw]p71 #bce4 ,g5abum 7( ,gallia71 #aej4 ,g5oa1 #aeg4 ,g]man mann] ( build+1 #bg4 ,gh5t1 #bdb1 #bfb4 ,gisors1 #ce4 ,gobel9 ,tape/ries1 #gf1 #adc4 ,gons1 #cdi4 ,good ,god ( ,ami5s1 ,!1 #ff4 ,go?ic1 ,developm5t (1 #ad1 #bd2 ,rudim5t>y1 #af2 ,anti1 #ah2 ,non1 #ah4 ,g\jon1 ,jean1 #hi1 #agj4 ,g\rney1 #ce4 ,gr& ,ca!drals1 ,!1 #ab1 #bj1 #ce1 #fa-fc4 ,granville1 #cba4 ,gr\91 #cde4 ,guillaume ( ,s5s1 #bbe4 ,guillaume ,bras-de-,f]1 #cbc4 ,ha*ette1 ,jeanne1 #gf4 ,haffre+ue1 ,mgr41 #bcc4 ,h5ry ,i41 #abi1 #acc4 ,h5ry ,,ii4 7( ,france71 #aac1 #aff1 #bdi4 ,h5ry ,,ii4 7( ,engl&71 #bhb1 #cja1 #cbe4 ,h5ry ,,iv41 #cj1 #if1 #acc1 #aec1 #ahc4 ,h5ry ( ,nav>re1 #abi4 ,h\se ( ! ,k+s1 ,!1 #add4 ,hugh ,,ii41 #bae4 ,hugo's ,notre ,dame1 #ajf4 ,hugu5ots1 ,!1 #aec1 #aie4 ,humb]t1 ,alb]ic de1 #acg4 ,ir5e1 ,pr9cess1 #acj4 ,isle de la ,cit1 #aje1 #ajf4 ,isle ( ,france1 #ab1 #bg1 #fa4 ,italian influ5ces1 #ag4 ,ivor 7,bi%op ( ,*>tres71 #bab4 ,james 7,h5ry71 #afc1 #bjd4 ,jean sans ,peur1 #bfe4 ,j5s51 ,nicolas1 #afd4 ,joannes1 ,abb1 #bec4 ,john1 ,duke ( ,b$=d1 #ij4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 #fi4 ,jov9us1 ,tomb (1 #adb4 ,ju/e1 #agj4 ,kreisk]1 ,! 7at ,/4 ,pol de ,leon71 #cde4 ,la ,h\gue1 #cde4 ,langres1 #cb4 ,langres1 ,la ,montagne de1 #bah4 ,langres1 ,/4 ,mammes de1 #bah-bbj4 ,laon1 #bj1 #cb1 #da1 #fa1 #cbe4 ,laon1 ,notre ,dame de1 #dc-df1 #di1 #aci1 #cgb-cgc4 ,laon1 ,palais de ,ju/ice1 #df4 ,la/ ,judgm5t1 ,! 7at ,b\rges71 #bjd4 ,le ,mans1 #cb1 #fa1 #fb1 #abj1 #aba1 #abd1 #afh1 #bjj1 #baj1 #cch4 ,le ,mans1 ,g]man invasion (1 #abj4 ,le ,mans1 ,notre ,dame de la ,cloture1 #ahj4 ,le ,mans1 ,/4 ,juli51 #aac-abj1 #cgc1 #cgd4 ,leo ,,iii41 #acc4 ,leo ,,ix41 #cjg4 ,le ,puy1 #cc4 ,lescornel1 #bai4 ,le ,telli]1 #add4 ,le ,v5eur1 ,bi%op1 #bib4 ,lib]gi]1 #adb4 ,limoges1 #aea4 ,lisieux1 #bhe1 #bhf1 #cja4 ,lisieux1 ,/4 ,pi]re de1 #cja-cjd4 ,loire1 ,ca!drals ( !1 #ade4 ,loire1 ,valley ( !1 #adg1 #adh4 ,loire1 ,*ateaux (1 #ah1 #cb1 #adg4 ,longsword1 ,william1 #hi4 ,lorra9e1 ,abb1 #adc4 ,l\don1 ,ge(froy de1 #aah4 ,l\is le ,dbonnaire1 #acc4 ,l\is le ,gros1 #acc4 ,l\is ,i41 #acf4 ,l\is ,,vi41 #id4 ,l\is ,,xi41 #bjh1 #bdf4 ,l\is ,,xii41 #ahd4 ,l\is ,,xii41 ,tomb (1 at ,/4 ,d5is1 #ai4 ,l\is ,,xiv41 #add4 ,l\is ,,xvi41 #if1 #bhb4 ,l\is ,,xviii41 #ca1 #if1 #adc4 ,l\is ,philippe1 #ca4 ,l\vi]s1 #abg1 #big4 ,l[ ,c\ntries1 ,!1 #af1 #bj4 ,l[ell 7,james ,russell71 ,a ,day 9 ,*>tres1 #abf4 ,l[ell1 ,hon4 ,e4 ,j41 #caj4 ,luitg>de1 #afe4 ,luz>*e1 ,rob]t de1 #fe4 ,madele9e1 ,!1 #if4 ,maid ( ,orleans1 ,!1 #ha1 #id1 #add1 #aea4 ,ma9e1 #aad4 ,ma9e1 ,c\nt (1 #abj4 ,ma9z1 #bad4 ,mans>d1 #aei1 #bdj4 ,m>g>et ( ,anj\1 #agc1 #aha4 ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 #if4 ,m>ie de ,m$icis1 #ahb4 ,m>ie ,l\ise1 #ie4 ,m>ne1 ,dep>tm5t (1 #acb1 #acd4 ,m>ne1 ,riv]1 #bgj4 ,m>tel1 ,*>les1 #acc4 ,matilda1 que5 ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 #abi1 #caj1 #caa4 ,maz>9 7,c>d9al71 #baj4 ,meaux1 #bgj4 ,meaux1 ,/4 ,eti5ne de1 #bgj-bgc1 #cgd4 ,m$icis1 ,m>ie de1 #ahb4 ,mre de ,dieu1 #ff4 ,metz1 #bbg1 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,myron1 ,et*+s (1 #ajf4 ,montbray1 ,ge(froy de1 #cbc4 ,mon!ry1 #hi4 ,mont ,/4 ,mi*el1 #cba1 #ccg1 #cch2 ,abbey (1 #cch4 ,monum5ts1 ,hi/orical1 #bc1 #cdj4 ,moori% type ( ar*itecture at ,b\rges1 #bja4 ,moors ( ,spa91 ,!1 #bjb4 ,moselle1 ,valley ( !1 #bbf4 ,m\l9s1 #cf4 ,muse des ,petits ,augu/9es1 #if4 ,nancy1 #bbf4 ,nancy1 ,ca!dral at1 #bbg4 ,nantes1 #bj1 #cb1 #adh1 #adi4 ,nantes1 ,edict (1 #ahc4 ,nantes1 ,/4 ,pi]re de1 #ahc1 #cgd1 #cge4 ,naples1 #aeg4 ,napoleon ,i41 #ca1 #ajc2 ,m>riage (1 #ie4 ,napoleon ,,iii41 #ca1 #ii4 ,n>bonne1 #aea4 ,n>!x1 ,burgundian1 #beh4 ,ne!rl&s1 ,!1 #ad4 ,neuss1 ,apse-sid$ transepts at1 #ej4 ,nev]s1 #cc1 #bgg4 ,nev]s1 ,/4 ,cyr & ,/4 ,juliette de1 #bji4 ,nev]s1 ,/4 ,eti5ne de1 #bab1 #baf4 ,nev]s1 ,! ,pont du ,loire1 #bji4 ,nev]s1 ,t\r ,g\g91 #bac2 ,t\r ,/4 ,eloi1 #bac4 ,nicman1 ,ar*bi%op1 #acf4 ,nivre1 ,c\nts (1 #baj4 ,nmes1 #cc4 ,niv]nais1 ,!1 #baj4 ,nog5t-les-,vi]ges1 #ce4 ,norm&y1 #aae1 #agf4 ,norm&y1 ,duke (1 #hi4 ,norsem51 ,!1 #hb4 ,notre ,dame d',al5on1 #bif-bih4 ,notre ,dame d',ami5s1 #fd-fi1 #gb1 #cff1 #cfg4 ,notre ,dame d',auxonne1 #bbj4 ,notre ,dame de ,bayeux1 #caj-cad1 #cfi4 ,notre ,dame de ,b\logne-sur-,m]1 #bca-bcc4 ,notre ,dame de ,cambrai1 #bcd-bcf4 ,notre ,dame de ,*>tres1 #aba1 #aci-ada1 #cga4 ,notre ,dame de ,c\tances1 #cba-cbe4 ,notre ,dame d',evreux1 #bhh-bie1 #cgb4 ,notre ,dame de la ,cloture 7,le ,mans71 #ahj4 ,notre ,dame de ,laon1 #dc-df1 #cgb4 ,notre ,dame de l',ep9e1 #bea4 ,notre ,dame de ,noyon1 #bi1 #di-ec1 #aii1 #cge1 #cgf4 ,notre ,dame de ,p>is1 #bh1 #di1 #aja-ajg1 #aci1 #adj1 #aii1 #cgf1 #cgg4 ,notre ,dame de ,reims1 #acb-add1 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,notre ,dame de ,r\51 #cg1 #di1 #gi-ij1 #aci1 #cch1 #cgh1 #cgi4 ,notre ,dame de ,/4 ,lo1 #cae-cah4 ,notre ,dame de ,/4 ,om]1 #bcg-bda1 #chj4 ,notre ,dame de ,s5lis1 #bff-bfi4 ,noviodunum1 #ea4 ,noyades1 ,!1 #ahd4 ,noyon1 #bj1 #cb1 #da1 #aag1 #abg1 #bfh4 ,noyon1 ,notre ,dame de1 #bi1 #di-ec1 #aii1 #cge1 #cgf4 ,od]icus ,vitalis1 ,bi%op1 #cjb4 ,odon1 #cbc4 ,oise1 ,! ,riv]1 #ej4 ,onfroy1 #cbc4 ,orange1 #ahd4 ,oriflamme1 ,!1 #id4 ,orleans1 #cc1 #adh1 #adi4 ,orleans1 ,captur$ by ,clovis1 #aea1 #aeb4 ,orleans ,family1 ,!1 #afi4 ,orleans1 ,g]man occupation (1 #aea4 ,orleans1 ,/4 ,croix d'1 #aej-aee1 #cgf4 ,orleans1 ,! ,maid (1 #ha1 #id1 #add1 #aea4 ,palais de ,ju/ice1 ,beauvais1 #gf4 ,p>am1 #cce4 ,p>is1 #bj1 #fa1 #bfg4 ,p>is1 ,docum5t>y hi/ory (1 #bf4 ,p>is1 ,ea/ (1 #bba4 ,p>is1 ,notre ,dame de1 #bh1 #di1 #aja-ajg1 #aci1 #adj1 #aii1 #bag1 #cgf1 #cgg4 ,p>oissi51 ,poncelet1 #adb4 ,pep]sack ,tape/ries at ,reims1 ,!1 #adc4 ,pep91 #id1 #acc4 ,prigueux1 #ae1 #cc4 ,p]petus1 ,bi%op ( ,t\rs1 #afe4 ,p]ral1 ,jehan1 #ahg4 ,p]rifonds1 ,*ateau (1 #ej4 ,phila/re1 ,c>d9al1 #acg4 ,philippe ,augu/us1 #bd1 #cd1 #aag4 ,philippe le ,bon1 #bfb4 ,philippe le ,h>di1 #ff1 #bfe4 ,pic>dy1 #ahd4 ,pic>dy1 ,patron ,sa9t (1 #fi4 ,plantag5ets1 ,cradle ( !1 #agc4 ,poiti]s1 #cc4 ,poiti]s1 ,diane de1 #hi4 ,pont du ,loire1 ,nev]s1 #bji4 ,pope ,/eph51 #id4 ,portal de ,/4 ,honor 7,ami5s71 #fg4 ,portal de la ,vi]ge ,dore 7,ami5s71 #fg4 ,porte d',arr\x1 ,autun1 #beg4 ,porte ,/4 ,&re1 ,autun1 #beg4 ,prov5ce1 #baa4 ,quimp]1 #bg1 #cb1 #cdh4 ,quimp]1 ,/4 ,cor5t9 de1 #cdh-cej4 ,rabelais1 #afd4 ,rabida1 ,bretagne (1 #cch4 ,raphael1 ,tape/ry c>toons at ,s4 ,k5s+ton1 #gf4 ,reclus1 #bae4 ,regnault1 #ahg4 ,regni]1 ,c>d9al1 #bce4 ,reims1 #cb1 #ce1 #cg1 #abh1 #abi1 #bbd1 #bbf1 #bgh4 ,reims1 ,baptism ( ,clovis at1 #cj4 ,reims1 ,capture (1 by ,v&als1 #acb4 ,reims1 ,ca!dral at1 #bd4 ,reims1 ,details at1 #hg4 ,reims1 ,deva/ation at1 #be4 ,reims1 ,notre ,dame de1 #ic1 #acb-add1 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,reims1 ,portals ( ,ca!dral1 #ff4 ,reims1 ,roman rema9s at1 #acd4 ,reims1 ,/4 ,nicaise (1 #hb4 ,remi1 ,capital ( !1 #acb4 ,r5aissance1 ,!1 #af4 ,r5aissance ,ar*itecture at ,b\rges1 #bja4 ,r5aissance faade at ,t\rs1 #aff1 #afg4 ,r5aissance wood-c>v+1 #df4 ,r51 ,k+1 #agc1 #age1 #aha4 ,r5i1 ,guido1 #bgb4 ,r5nes1 #ae4 ,revolution1 ,! ,fr5*1 #ca1 #dc1 #dd1 #eb1 #ee1 #if1 #ii1 #ajc1 #adb1 #ahd1 #bbf4 ,rh9e1 ,!1 #bc1 #bg1 #bbc4 ,rh9e ,prov9ces1 ,!1 #ad4 ,rhne1 ,!1 #cf4 ,ri*>d ,coeur-de-,lion1 #ij1 #aac1 #abj4 ,ri*>d ! ,fe>less1 #hc4 ,rigob]t1 ,bi%op1 #acc4 ,rob]t ,i41 ,duke ( ,burgundy1 #beh1 #bfj4 ,rob]t1 son ( ,tancr$e-de-,hauteville1 #cbc4 ,rog]1 son ( ,tancr$e-de-,hauteville1 #cbc4 ,rohan1 ,c>d9al de1 #bdc4 ,rollo1 #hb1 #hi4 ,romanesque t5d5cies1 #ac1 #bg1 #dd2 types1 #bj1 #ba4 ,roman p[]1 ,decl9e (1 #bf4 ,roman rema9s at ,reims1 #acd4 ,romans1 ,!1 at ,g5abum 7,orleans71 #aej4 ,romano-,byzant9e "w at ,beauvais1 #ge4 ,romano-,byzant9e nave at ,le ,mans1 #aae4 ,rome1 #cc4 ,ros>y1 ,*apel ( ! 7,soissons71 #eg4 ,rosc(f1 #cde4 ,r\51 #ai1 #ce1 #cg1 #fa1 #fb4 ,r\51 ,ca!dral at1 #cg1 #di1 #gi-ij1 #aci1 #cch1 #cgh1 #cgi4 ,r\51 ,notre ,dame de1 #cg1 #di1 #gi-ij1 #aci1 #cch1 #cgh1 #cgi4 ,r\51 ,t\r de ,beurre1 #bjd4 ,royal ,doma91 ,!1 #bbc4 ,royale1 ,rue 7,t\rs71 #afc4 ,royamont1 #ce4 ,rub5s1 #bce1 #bch4 ,rub5s1 ,adoration by 7,soissons71 #eh4 ,rumaldi1 #acf4 ,rusk9 on ,r\5 ,ca!dral1 #he4 ,rusk91 quot$1 #gb1 #ha1 #abh1 #bhe1 #cjb4 ,/4 ,aignan1 #aej4 ,/4 ,bnigne 7,monk ( ,dijon71 #bbe4 ,/4 ,bnigne 7,ca!dral71 #bfb-bfe4 ,/4 ,b]t91 ,abbey ( 7,/4 ,om]71 #bbe1 #bdj4 ,/4 ,brieuc1 #cci1 #cdb4 ,/4 ,brieuc1 ,ca!dral (1 #cdb-cdd4 ,/4 ,cor5t91 ,ca!dral (1 #bg4 ,/4 ,cor5t9 de ,quimp]1 #cdh-cej4 ,/4 ,croix1 ,abbey (1 #cah4 ,/4 ,croix d',orleans1 #aej-aee1 #cgf4 ,/4 ,cyr & ,/4 ,juliette de ,nev]s1 #bji4 ,/4 ,d5is1 #ai1 #fa4 ,/4 ,d5is1 ,abbey (1 #ic4 ,/4 ,d5is1 ,abbot (1 #id4 ,/4 ,d5is1 ,basilique de1 #ic-ajj1 #cgi4 ,/4 ,d5is1 ,*ur* ( 7at ,/4 ,om]71 #bbe4 ,/4 ,d5is1 ,crypt (1 #if4 ,/4 ,deodatus1 #bed4 ,/4 ,di1 #bbf1 #bed-bef4 ,/4 ,di 7,ca!dral71 #bee1 #bef4 ,/4 ,dionysius1 #ig1 #ih4 ,/4 ,eti5ne d',aux]re1 #aia-aif1 #cfi4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,b\rges1 #aii-bjh1 #cgj4 ,/4 ,eti5ne 7,*alons-sur-,m>ne71 #bea-bec1 #cga4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,meaux1 #bgj-bgc1 #cgd4 ,/4 ,eti5ne du ,mont 7,p>is71 #ae1 #ai4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,nev]s1 #bab1 #baf4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,s5s1 #bgi-bhb1 #cgi4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,t\l1 #bdg-bej4 ,/4 ,eu/a*e1 ,*ur* (1 ,p>is1 #aif4 ,/4 ,f]m9 ! ,m>tyr1 #fg1 #fh4 ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 #ahh4 ,/4 ,gati5 de ,t\rs1 #adg1 #afc1 #bjf1 #cha4 ,/4 ,g5g\lt1 ,*ur* ( 7,t\l71 #bdh4 ,/4 ,g]ma91 ,*ur* ( 7at ,aux]re71 #aie4 ,/4 ,jean ! ,evangel1 #bah4 ,/4 ,jean des ,vignes1 ,abbey (1 #ed4 ,/4 ,john1 #fi4 ,/4 ,juli51 ,*ur* ( 7at ,t\rs71 #afi4 ,/4 ,juli51 ,le ,mans1 #aac-abj1 #cgc1 #cgd4 ,/4 ,laud1 ,bi%op1 #cae4 ,/4 ,laz>e d',autun1 #beg-bfa1 #cfh4 ,/4 ,lo1 #bhe1 #cba4 ,/4 ,lo1 ,notre ,dame de1 #cae-cah4 ,/4 ,l\is1 #cd1 #ff1 #ahh1 #cad4 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,arms (1 #afi4 ,/4 ,l\is de ,blois1 #aef4 ,/4 ,l\is de ,v]sailles1 ,ca!dral (1 #ajh4 ,/4 ,macl\1 ,*ur* ( 7,r\571 #ai1 #ha4 ,/4 ,malo1 #cce1 #cch4 ,/4 ,malo1 ,ca!dral (1 #ccf-cch4 ,/4 ,mammes de ,langres1 #bah-bbj4 ,/e4 ,m>gu]ite1 #ahh4 ,/4 ,m>t9 7( ,t\rs71 #afe4 ,/4 ,m>t91 ,t\r de 7at ,t\rs71 #afe4 ,/4 ,maurice d',ang]s1 #adg1 #agc-ahb1 #cfg1 #cfh4 ,/4 ,nazaire 7,autun71 #beh4 ,/4 ,nicaise1 #hb1 #acf1 #adb4 ,/4 ,nicolas de ,c\tances1 #cbe4 ,/4 ,mellor1 #hb4 ,/4 ,om]1 #bg1 #bbc1 #bbe4 ,/4 ,om]1 ,notre ,dame de1 #bcg #bda1 #chj4 ,/4 ,ou51 ,*ur* ( 7,r\571 #ae1 #cj1 #hj1 #hg1 #bda1 #bgg4 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 at ,rome1 #bj4 ,/4 ,pet]'s ( ! ,nor?1 #ga4 ,/4 ,pet]'s ( ! ,s\?1 #ac4 ,/4 ,pet] & ,paul1 ,*ur* ( 7at ,t\rs71 #afe4 ,/4 ,pi]re d',ale?1 #ccf4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,beauvais1 #bh1 #gj-gf1 #adj1 #cfi4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,c\tances1 #cbe4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,lisieux1 #cja-cjd4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,nantes1 #ahc1 #cgd1 #cge4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,troyes1 #bgd-bgh1 #cha1 #chb4 ,/4 ,pol de ,leon1 #bee1 #cci1 #cde4 ,/4 ,pol de ,leon1 ,ca!dral (1 #cde-cdg4 ,/4 ,pot5ti51 #bgi4 ,/4 ,qu5t91 ,maze at1 #aca4 ,/4 ,remi1 #ca1 #acc1 #acd1 #acf4 ,/4 ,samson1 #cbi-ccb4 ,/4 ,sav9i51 #bgi1 #bhb4 ,/4 ,sepul*re1 ,*ur* ( 7at ,/4 ,om]71 #bdj4 ,/4 ,s]van1 #cce1 #cch4 ,/4 ,sixte1 #acb4 ,/4 ,urba91 #bge4 ,/4 ,vaa/ d',arras1 #bdb-bdf1 #cde1 #cfh4 ,/4 ,yves1 #cda4 ,sa9te ,amp\le1 ,!1 #be1 #adc4 ,salisbury1 ,ca!dral at1 #fd1 #chd4 ,salisbury1 ,john (1 #abi4 ,s>ac5 type ( ar*itecture at ,b\rges1 #bja4 ,sez1 #fa1 #bfg1 #bgg1 #cje4 ,sez1 ,notre ,dame de1 #cje-cji4 ,se9e1 ,!1 #cf1 #ajf4 ,se9e & ,loire 7by ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]71 #afi4 ,se9e1 ,dep>tm5t (1 #ajh4 ,s5lis1 #bff4 ,s5lis1 ,notre ,dame de1 #bff-bfi4 ,s5s1 #fa1 #bgi4 ,s5s1 ,guillaume (1 #bbe1 #bhj4 ,s5s1 ,/4 ,eti5ne de1 #bgi-bhb1 #cgi4 ,seville1 ,ca!dral at1 #bj4 ,%akespe>e on ,ang]s 79 ,k+ ,john71 #agc4 ,societ des ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques1 #ce1 #agj1 #agf4 ,soissons1 #bj1 #cb1 #da1 #aag1 #acc1 #bfh4 ,soissons1 ,bomb>dm5t (1 by ! ,g]mans1 #ef4 ,soissons1 ,notre ,dame de1 #ed-eh4 ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 #bgb4 ,/eph51 ,pope1 #acf4 ,/ev5son 7,rob]t ,l\is71 #bh1 #db4 ,/rasb\rg1 #bdh4 ,/rasburg1 ,ca!dral at1 #abf1 #ace1 #bbg4 ,sug]1 ,abbot1 ,!1 #id1 #ig4 ,suisse1 ,!1 #hj4 ,tancr$e-de-,hauteville1 #cbc4 ,tape/ries at ,ang]s1 #aha4 ,tape/ries at ,bayeux1 #caj-caa4 ,tape/ries at ,le ,mans1 #abj4 ,tape/ries at ,reims1 #adb1 #adc4 ,tape/ries at ,soissons1 #eh4 ,tape/ries f ,raphael's c>toons 7at ,beauvais71 #gf4 ,tape/ry-mak+ at ,beauvais1 #gf2 at ,p>is2 at ,arras1 #gf1 #bdb1 #bde1 #bdf4 ,tetricus1 #bbf4 ,texi]1 #abf1 #aca4 ,?r\anne1 ,! ,great ,god (1 #bdj4 ,tor5ai ,riv]1 #beh4 ,torlonia1 ,pr9ce ,alex1 #bcc4 ,t\l1 #bbf1 #bdg-bej4 ,t\l1 ,/4 ,eti5ne de1 #bdg-bej4 ,t\l\se1 #aea4 ,t\r d',auv]gne1 ,c>d9al de la1 #bdd4 ,t\r de ,beurre 7,r\571 #hd1 #hi4 ,t\r de ,*>lemagne 7at ,t\rs71 #afe4 ,t\r de ,ha/+ 7at ,trgui]71 #cdj4 ,t\r ,g\g9 7at ,nev]s71 #bac4 ,t\r de l',horloge 7at ,t\rs71 #afe4 ,t\r ,/4 ,eloi 7at ,nev]s71 #bac4 ,t\r de ,/4 ,m>t9 7at ,t\rs71 #afe4 ,t\ra9e1 ,old1 #afc4 ,t\rnai1 #da4 ,t\rs1 #ah1 #cc1 #bgg4 ,t\rs1 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,paul1 #afe4 ,t\rs1 ,/4 ,gati5 de1 #adg1 #afc1 #bjf1 #cha4 ,t\rs 7,/4 ,m>t9 (71 #afe4 ,t\rs1 ,we/ front ( ,/4 ,gati51 #gd4 ,transition examples1 #ci4 ,transition ,/yle ( ,ar*itecture1 ,!1 #agf4 ,trgui]1 #cb1 #bee1 #cci4 ,trgui]1 ,ca!dral (1 #cci-cda4 ,tresor1 ,!1 at ,reims1 #adc4 ,tresor1 ,!1 at ,troyes1 #bgh4 ,tresor1 ,!1 at ,s5s1 #bhb4 ,tresor1 ,!1 at ,bayeux1 #cad4 ,treves1 #bad4 ,trianons1 ,!1 #ajh4 ,troyes1 #bj1 #fa1 #bgd1 #bge4 ,troyes1 ,/4 ,pi]re de1 #bgd-bgh1 #cha1 #chb4 ,turn] 7,j4 ,m4 ,w471 ,se9e & ,loire1 #afi4 ,val5ce1 #cf4 ,valois ,bran* ( ! ,orleans ,family1 #afi4 ,vannes1 #cea4 ,vannes1 ,ca!dral (1 #cea1 #ceb4 ,vauban1 #bdd4 ,vaucluse1 #ahd4 ,v5dme1 ,mat?ieu de1 #ii4 ,v]sailles1 ,f\nta9s at1 #ajh4 ,v]sailles1 ,/4 ,l\is de1 #ajh4 ,vill5euve1 ,bi%op de1 #aic4 ,vill]s-,/4-,pol1 #ce4 ,viollet-le-,duc1 #hc1 #if1 #ii1 #aci1 #aha1 #cdi4 ,vire1 ,riv]1 #cae4 ,well+ton1 ,duke (1 #age4 ,we/phalia1 ,treaty (1 #bdi4 ,william1 ,duke ( ,norm&y1 #cbc4 ,w9*e/]1 ,h5ry1 ,bi%op (1 #aba4 ,w9*e/]1 ,prelate (1 #cjc4 ,wood-c>v+ 7at ,ami5s71 #fh4 ,worms1 #bad4 ,yonne1 ,! ,riv]1 #aia4 ,"y1 ,ar?ur1 #cf1 #bji4