,,taxid]my  ,,by  ,,leon ,l4 ,,pray     
,illu/rat$  ,illu/ration3 ,,out+        
,,h&books  ,numb] #dg  ,illu/ration     
,,new ,,york ,,out+ ,,publi%+ ,,company 
,,mcmxvi         99       99       99   
99       99  ,,copyright1 #aiac1 ,,by   
,,out+ ,,publi%+ ,,company  ,all rights 
res]v$         99       99       99     
99       99     ,,cont5ts   ,,*apt]     
,,page    ,i4 ,,tools ,,& ,,mat]ials    
#i   ,,ii4 ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,a      
,,bird                                  
#ai  ,,iii4 ,,sk9n+1 ,,prep>+1 ,,&      
,,m\nt+ ,a ,,small ,,mammal             
#de   ,,iv4 ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,,game 
,,fi%es ,,& ,,small ,,reptiles          
#fe    ,v4 ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,a      
,,virg9ia ,,de] ,,head                  
#hg   ,,vi4 ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,a     
,,coyote                                
#ajg     ,,tools ,,& ,,mat]ials         
,,taxid]my     ,,*apt] ,i  ,,tools ,,&  
,,mat]ials   ,! art ( taxid]my1 ) its _m
 me?ods ( application1 has furni%$      
subject-matt] = num]\s books1 mo/ ( ^!  

treat+ ! subject 9 exhau/ive /yle1 be+  
writt5 prim>ily = /ud5ts :o desire to   
take up ! "w z a pr(ession4 ,x is !     
pres5t au?or's purpose to set =? h]e9 a 
s]ies ( practical me?ods suit$ to ! ne$s
 ( ! sportsman-amateur :o desires       
p]sonally to pres]ve trophies & specim5s
 tak5 on days sp5t afield ) gun or rod4 
,! lov] ( field & gun may sp5d _m       
fasc9at+ h\rs at 8 b5*1 prep>+1 sett+   
up1 & f9i%+ specim5s ( 8 own tak+4      
,besides1 ! pursuit ( ?is art w af=d an 
am\nt ( remun]ation to ! amateur :o     
takes x up 9 a comm]cial way1 do+ "w =  
o!rs :o h nei!r ! "t nor incl9ation =   
prep>+ _! own specim5s4  ,! *ief        
requisites = ! beg9n] 9 taxid]my are joy
 9 work+ out detail & a mod]ate am\nt ( 
pati5ce4  ,z suitable tools are ! prim>y
 consid]ation 9 contemplat+ any "w 9    
taxid]my1 a simple li/ foll[s4 ,9 ?is   
li/ no heavi] "w ?an ! m\nt+ ( a        
,virg9ia de] head is dealt )4 ,?is      
outfit w be f\nd practical = g5]al light
 use3  ,a pocket-knife1 "o or two small 

scalpels1 a kit*5 p>+-knife1 an oil /one
 & c ( oil1 a h& drill1 a f9e fur-comb1 
"o bone scrap]1 "o small sk9-scrap]1 "o 
pair t9n]s' %e>s1 "o pair five & "o-half
 in* diagonal wire cutt]s1 "o pair 7same
 l5g?7 ,b]n>d comb9ation wire cutt] &   
pli]s1 "o pair small scissors1 two or   
?ree assort$ flat files1 "o holl[ h&le  
tool hold] ) tools & little saw1 "o good
 h&-saw1 "o hack-saw1 "o uphol/]]'s     
regulator1 "o pair f9e tweez]s 7su* z   
jewel]s use71 "o claw hamm]1 an         
assortm5t ( r\nd & furri]s' ne$les1 "o  
or two d>n+ ne$les1 a sack ne$le1 & an  
assortm5t ( arti/s' small bri/le & sable
 bru%es 7bo? r\nd & flat74  ,make y\r   
own /uff+ rods1 out ( any size iron     
wire1 by hamm]+ flat "o end ( a suitable
 l5g?1 fil+ tee? into ! flat face ?us   
made1 & !n b5d+ a loop h&le on ! o!r    
end4 ,?is type ( rod is easily curv$ or 
/raight5$ to suit e ne$4  ,^? n wi%+ to 
buy at once ! complete outfit nam$ above
 w f9d t !y c d good small "w to />t on 
) ! aid ( a pocket-knife1 a pair (      

scissors1 a pair ( ,b]n>d comb9ation    
wire cutt] & pli]s1 ne$les & ?read1     
cord1 a pair ( tweez]s1 a hamm] & saw1 &
 small drill set4  ,suitable mat]ials   
foll[ ! tools 9 ord]4  ,ars5ic is ne$$ =
 ! pres]vation ( all specim5s aga9/     
mo?s4 ,?is is mo/ effective :5 us$ 9    
solution1 :i* is made z foll[s3 ,fir/   
damp5 ! ars5ic p[d] ) alcohol to        
saturate x quickly1 :5 wat] is add$4    
,place ! ars5ic 9 a l>ge metal pail & to
 "o-half p\nd ( ! p[d] add two gallons (
 wat]4 ,boil h>d & /eady ov] a good fire
 until ! ars5ic is completely dissolv$4 
,place ! solution ?us made 9 an e>!nw>e 
j> ) clos$ cov]1 pla9ly m>k$ ,poison1 & 
keep out ( rea* ( *ildr54 ,all[ solution
 to cool be=e apply+ to sk9s4 ,d n use !
 pail t ! solution 0 made 9 = any?+     
else4  ,:5 us+ ars5ic-wat] grease y\r   
h&s ) a little tall[1 rubb+ well "u &   
ar\nd f+]-nails & wip+ ! h&s p>tially   
dry s t none ( ! grease w soil fur or   
fea!rs4 ,?is precaution w keep ! ars5ic 
f ent]+ y\r sk94  ,wa% ! h&s ) soap p[d]

 & a nail bru% aft] "w4  ,apply         
ars5ic-wat] ) a bru%1 or a cotton-&-wire
 swab1 to all inn] surfaces ( specim5   
sk9s4  ,c>bolic acid 7be/ to procure ,u4
 ,s4 ,p4 pure cry/als if possible7 is   
ne$$ = use 9 dilute =m = relax+ dri$    
sk9s4 ,?is prev5ts decay & does n injure
 ! specim5 sk94 ,a few drops ( !        
dissolv$ cry/al to a qu>t ( wat] is     
suffici5t4 ,keep c>efully label$ & 9 a  
safe place4  ,foll[+ is a li/ ( !       
mat]ials ne$$ = g5]al light "w3  ,a     
quantity ( f9e excelsior1 f9e t[ &      
cotton batt+1 a quantity ( v>i\s sizes (
 galvaniz$ s(t /eel wire1 an assortm5t (
 color$1 enamel$ artificial eyes        
7procure a taxid]mi/'s supply-h\se      
catalog & f ?is ord] y\r special tools &
 sizes & colors ( eyes ne$$71 a j> (    
liquid cem5t1 dry glue 7= melt+ up =    
papi]-ma*e71 dry pap] pulp1 pla/] (     
p>is1 ,v5etian turp5t9e1 boil$ l9se$    
oil1 boracic acid1 "s ref9$ beeswax1 a  
little balsam-fir1 :ite v>ni%1 turp5t9e1
 alcohol1 b5z9e & a /ud5t's palette (   

tube oil colors 7su* z v]milion1 rose   
madd]1 burnt si5na1 yell[ o*re1 cadmium 
yell[ middle1 z9c :ite1 cobalt blue1    
,fr5* ultram>9e ,blue1 & ,viridian74    
,pla/ic compositions ( papi]-ma*e are   
ess5tial1 especially 9 mammal &         
game-head "w1 = prop]ly f9i%+ ! details 
( e>s1 face1 & feet ( specim5s aft] !   
body has be5 fill$4 ,^! are appli$ p>tly
 z a la/ detail be=e m\nt+ & p>tly aft] 
! figure is set up4  ,compo4 ,no4 ,i is 
practical = all-ar\nd use4 ,take "o-?ird
 hot melt$ glue & two-?irds fl\r pa/e   
7?ick & ?or\ghly cook$74 ,to ?is add a  
little boracic acid1 a little ars5ic    
p[d]1 a v little ( ,v5etian turp5t9e1 a 
quantity ( gray build+-pap] pulp 7soak  
pap] & squeeze & beat up ev5 & !n       
squeeze wat] out74 ,to furni% a body to 
?is mass1 /ir 9 dry :ite lead until     
middl+ ?ick4 ,beat ! :ole well toge!r4  
,:5 c>ri$ s f> ?is compo4 is a p[]ful   
adhesive m$ium & may be employ$ to /ick 
tann$ de] scalps to mannik9s1 & e> sk9 (
 same to ! lead c>tilages4  ,compo4 ,no4

 ,,ii is ,no4 ,i ) f9e pla/] ( p>is add$
 until ( ! consi/5cy ( model+ clay or a 
trifle /iff]4 ,?is makes x ready = fill+
 e> butts1 eye sockets1 noses1 & feet = 
model+ into p]man5t %ape4 ,sets by dry+4
  ,compo4 ,no4 ,,iii is = monkey faces1 
vulture heads1 liz>ds1 turtles1 etc4    
,?is composition dries v sl[ly & mu/ be 
t\*$ up n[ & !n :ile dry+1 to pres]ve ! 
details )\t w>p+4 ,:5 dry x is l /one & 
holds ! sk9 firmly4 ,take gray          
pap]-pulp1 hot melt$ glue 7quantity     
accord+ to am\nt ( compo4 ne$$71 a      
little boracic acid 7to prev5t decay (  
glue71 boil$ l9se$ oil 7fifty p] c5t4   
less ?an glue71 a little ars5ic p[d] 7to
 prev5t d]me/es f eat+ into "w71 & to   
?is mass add :it+ until desir$ /iffness 
= model+ "u sk9 is obta9$4 ,beat & rub  
to an ev5 smoo?ness & /op add+ :it+ at  
po9t :]e compo4 is ?ick b /ill v /icky4 
,rub "s ( ! compo4 into inn] surface (  
sk9 to be f9i%$ ) x or sk9 w n take hold
 ( mannik9 or compo4 to /ay4  ,aft]     
model+ is f9i%$ "u ! sk9 apply l9se$ oil

 on outside & repeat ?is application    
sev]al times dur+ ! p]iod ( dry+4 ,wat* 
& remodel details if any di/ortion      
att5ds ! dry+ process4  ,f9e fle%y      
wr9kles & sk9 details c be work$ out )  
?is compo4 ,x w hold a ?9 raw sk9 :]e x 
is put1 b is n practical "u fur or      
fea!rs4  ,compo4 ,no4 ,,iv may be us$ ) 
wire nett+ or r\gh bo>d z a base = mak+ 
e>? bases1 imitation rock /&s1 etc4     
,take "o-?ird hot melt$ glue1 two-?irds 
fl\r pa/e1 a quantity ( pap] pulp1 a    
small am\nt ( boil$ l9se$ oil1 a v      
little ( ,v5etian turp5t9e1 boracic     
acid1 & ars5ic4 ,?ick5 to model+        
consi/5cy ) pla/] ( p>is1 color+ by add+
 "s dry raw umb] or lamp black & burnt  
umb]4  ,surface ! bases made ( ?is      
compo4 by press+ s&1 gravel1 or =e/ mold
 into ! face & :5 dry %ake (f ! loose   
mat]ial4 ,t\* up ) tube colors1 z       
desir$1 & :5 ?is is dry apply a v ?9    
v>ni% & turp5t9e f9i% to br+ out a      
natural damp look4  ,a =eword z to c>e (
 m\ntable specim5s 9 ! field may save a 

great am\nt ( clean+ ( muss$ sk9s 9 !   
%op4  ,all %ot or bullet holes %\ld be  
imm$iately plugg$ ) cotton :5 specim5s  
are tak54 ,take a little cotton along 9 
y\r hunt+ coat = ?is purpose4  ,9 birds 
plug also ! m\?1 no/rils1 & v5t to      
prev5t escape ( juices into plumage4 ,a 
small %>p5$ twig w s]ve to place !      
plugs4 ,slip ! bird head fir/ into a    
pap] cone = c>ry+4  ,muss$ or blood-/a9$
 specim5s %\ld n necess>ily be disc>d$4 
,look !m ov] fir/4 ,_m su* specim5s may 
be clean$ v easily & come out 9 ! f9i% z
 ne>ly p]fect z o!rs t appe>$ mu* bett] 
at ! />t4  ,illu/ration     ,,prep>+ ,,&
 ,,m\nt+ ,a ,,bird     ,,*apt] ,,ii     
,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,a ,,bird   ,)     
tools & mat]ials assembl$ & table 9     
read9ess1 we come to ! real "w &1 9 !   
ord] ( ?+s1 w address ! prep>+ & m\nt+ (
 a fre% bird specim54 ,to _m p ( long   
exp]i5ce 9 ! art ( taxid]my ?is task    
nev] ceases to be a delightful op]ation1
 "o ( ! pleasante/ ( _m int]e/+ bits (  
"w t may result f a day sp5t afield4    

,figuratively1 ! specim5 lies be=e u1 ^u
 ! b5*4 ,make x any native bird y\r     
fancy desires4 ,! foll[+ notes w be f\nd
 to cov] ! gr\nd3  ,a p5cil & a %eet (  
wrapp+ pap] w fir/ be br\ght into       
s]vice4 ,) ^! make outl9es ( ! specim51 
top & side views1 lay+ ! bird ^u ! pap] 
& draw+ ! p5cil ar\nd x :ile look+      
/raight d[n ^u x4  ,aft] ! sk9n+1 outl9e
 ! body1 top1 & side views1 ^u same     
%eet1 ) position ( %\ld] jo9t1 hip jo9t1
 knee1 & tail m>k$ 9 black spots4  ,?is 
sy/em ( wrapp+ pap] sket*es w be f\nd ( 
great value 9 all "w1 f m\nt+ a bird to 
sett+ up a de] head4  ,illu/ration3     
,fig4 #a4  ,to beg9 sk9n+1 lay ! bird ^u
 a newspap]1 head to left ( y1 on ! b5*4
 ,h cornmeal h&y4 ,"p ! belly & brea/   
fea!rs up middle4 ,) a scalpel make an  
incision 7see ,fig4 #a7 f )9 "o in* (   
front end ( brea/ bone back to a        
qu>t]-in* =w>d ( ! v5t 9 l>ge birds1 &  
to ! v5t 9 small ones4 ,use c>e n to cut
 ?r\gh abdom9al wall1 :i* is usually v  
?9 & may easily be confus$ z a "p ( !   

sk91 be+ closely b\nd to x4 ,! two are  
easily sep>at$1 h[ev]4  ,! prim>y       
incision made1 lift an edge ( ! sk9 )   
f+] & ?umb nail & c>efully te> sk9 free 
f body1 us+ scalpel :5 necess>y to help4
  ,:5 ?igh ( a leg is expos$1 take hold 
( leg outside ( sk9 & pu% knee =w>d s x 
is uncov]$ inside ( sk94 ,sev] knee jo9t
 ) scalpel or scissors1 us+ c>e n to cut
 ?r\gh sk9 on outside ( jo9t4 ,repeat on
 o!r leg4 ,apply cornmeal or f9e sawdu/ 
if blood or juice />ts4  ,next set bird 
on end1 tail up4 ,b5d tail ov] backw>d &
 cut ?r\gh v5t l9+1 tail muscles1 &     
v]tebrae =w>d ( ! l>ge quills4 ,use c>e 
n to cut sk9 ar\nd tail1 z at knee4  ,) 
bird /ill held on end1 />t peel+ sk9 d[n
 ov] back & sides4 ,use scalpel if sk9  
adh]es tightly4  ,:5 pelvis is uncov]$1 
if a small bird1 take rump betwe5 two   
=ef+]s & ?umb ( left h&2 if a l>ge bird1
 hang up on a wire hook & cord1 & sk9   
d[n to %\ld]s4  ,press w+s =w>d /rongly 
to loos5 jo9t muscles4 ,cut ?r\gh "o    
%\ld] jo9t & !n o!r1 go+ c>efully z at  

knee & tail1 s z n to cut sk9 on        
opposite side4  ,plug ) cotton or dry ) 
meal :]ev] necess>y to /op fl[+ blood4  
,next peel ! neck sk9 d[n ov] head to   
bill1 pull+ out e> l9+s :5 met ) & us+  
c>e to "w close to skull :5 cutt+       
eyelids free4  ,:5 ?is is done1 cut (f  
base ( skull4 ,) ?is ! sk9 is free f !  
body & inside out4  ,if ! specim5 is ( a
 species ) neck sk9 too small to peel   
ov] ! head1 turn head & neck back "r    
side out :5 neck is only p>tly sk9n$    
d[n4 ,make an incision f middle ( back (
 head d[n ne>ly half l5g? ( neck1       
alongside :]e nape is b>e ( fea!rs4     
,?r\gh ?is incision turn & clean ! head4
  ,) ! sk9 remov$1 turn att5tion to     
details ( clean+ away leg1 w+1 & tail   
muscles1 remov+ eyes1 bra91 & jaw       
muscles f skull & scrap+ out :atev] fat 
is 9 ! sk94  ,to clean leg bones1 sk9   
out ! ?ick1 meaty %9s1 us+ ?umb nail &  
scalpel to aid :]e necess>y1 d[n to heel
 jo9t or upp] end ( t>sus4 ,j above ?is 
jo9t sev] ! t5dons1 front & back1 & peel

 leg muscles (f4  ,9 owls sk9 on d[n !  
t>sus to z ne> foot1 or toes1 z possible
 & clean out t>sus muscles4  ,9 l>ge    
birds1 next split ball ( foot1 ins]t    
po9t ( a /eel sp9dle "u base ( t>sus    
t5dons beside h9d toe & draw ^! cords   
out4 ,?is w sometimes require a /rong   
pull4  ,always d ?is aft] ! leg above   
has be5 clean$4 ,9 small birds x is n   
necess>y to split ball ( foot nor to    
remove ^! t5dons4  ,next remove ! w+    
muscles4 ,peel sk9 d[n to elb[4 ,cut    
t5dons free j above elb[ & /rip muscles 
(f4 ,to clean =e>m 9 a small bird1 use !
 ?umb nail to %ove sk9 =w>d t[>d wri/1  
on front ( w+1 )\t break+ union ( l>ge1 
second>y flight fea!rs ) w+ bone4  ,)   
scalpel cut & lift out elb[ ends ( =e>m 
muscles1 /rip !m out d[n to z ne> wri/ z
 possible & cut (f4  ,9 a l>ge bird1    
split sk9 ( =e>m & h& along "u side aft]
 c>efully sep>at+ fea!rs ov] b>e /rips (
 sk94 ,peel sk9 back bo? ways & remove  
fle% neatly4 ,scrape out :atev] fle% is 
9 evid5ce on h& bones 9 same way4 ,9 a  

bird ) no fat adh]+ to ! sk91 ! skull & 
tail only rema9 to be clean$ 9 ord] to  
complete ! sk9n+ op]ation4  ,to clean   
skull1 remove eyes ) a scalpel1 scrape  
bra9s out ?r\gh cut-(f skull base1 &    
trim away jaw muscles & a portion ( ro( 
( m\?4  ,to clean tail1 peel x out      
c>efully & scrape & cut away fat & meat 
adh]+ to bone & base ( quills4  ,if y h 
a specim5 ) fat adh]+ to ! sk9 9 m or   
less loose pat*es1 z 9 hawks & owls1    
simply scrape or peel ! fat (f ) a knife
 & ?umb & f+]4  ,if a fat duck sk9 is to
 be prep>$ ! inside lay] ( sk9 ov] ! fat
 tracts mu/ be %e>$ (f c>efully )       
scissors & ! fat !n remov$ ) a sk9      
scrap] or dull knife blade1 c>e be+     
ex]cis$ n to te> ! out] sk9 or to pull  
?r\gh fea!rs ) ! grease4  ,to clean &   
degrease a bird sk9 :i* requires su*    
treatm5t to prep>e = m\nt+1 wa% x fir/ 9
 lukew>m ammonia wat] ) mild soap4      
,squeeze f ?is wa%+ & put ?r\gh a ba? ( 
half-&-half alcohol & spirits (         
turp5t9e4 ,squeeze f ?is ?or\ghly & run 

?r\gh b5z9e4 ,compress & relax ! sk9    
repeat$ly :ile imm]s$ 9 bo? ^! ba?s4 ,:5
 squeez$ f ! b5z9e1 dry ! plumage by    
fir/ bury+ ! sk9 = "s m9utes 9 dry pla/]
 ( p>is4  ,:5 ne>ly all ! moi/ure is    
drawn out du/ sk9 9 ! pla/] until       
natural fluff9ess is re/or$4 ,d ?is la/ 
out ( doors1 :]e ! sk9 may be beat5 well
 :5 ?or\ghly dry1 to free x ( pla/] du/4
 ,lay sk91 "r side out1 ov] ! left h& & 
beat ) ! "r1 giv+ an occasional %ak+1 ! 
bett] to loos5 pla/] du/4  ,illu/ration3
 ,fig4 #b4  ,an ,a#a du/] may be made f 
! bru% ( an ox tail4 ,nail ?is on a %ort
 piece ( broom/ick & squ>e ends ( hair )
 scissors4 ,?is du/] is us$ in/ead (    
beat+ ! plumage ) ! h& & does ! "w mu*  
quick] & bett]4 ,:5 ! du/+ is done turn 
! sk9 inside out aga9 7see ,fig4 #b7 &  
bru% ars5ic-wat] into all inn] surfaces1
 !n turn sk9 "r side out & bru% a little
 ( ! solution ^u ! feet1 "u side ( w+s1 
& inside ! bill4  ,:5 poison+ ! head1 ) 
sk9 inside out1 "o /ep 9 prep>ation =   
m\nt+ is to be tak54 ,aft] ! ars5ic-wat]

 is appli$ to skull & scalp1 fill eye   
sockets ) *opp$ t[ or f9e excelsior1 put
 a light lay] ( cotton smoo?ly ar\nd !  
skull1 =w>d edge close d[n to bill4     
,turn sk9 c>efully back ov] skull & f9i%
 poison+ sk94  ,x is be/1 if possible to
 d )\t risk ( decay1 to fold ! fre%ly   
prep>$ sk9 9 a clean pap]1 wrap 9 damp  
clo?1 & lay ov] "o night 9 a cool place1
 be=e m\nt+4 ,?is all[s ars5ic-wat] to  
p5etrate ?r\gh into base ( plumage1 ?us 
becom+ m effective aga9/ mo?s ?an if sk9
 7 imm$iately fill$ ) absorb5t mat]ial  
:i* w\ld t5d to draw out ! fre%ly appli$
 solution4  ,) ! sk9 prep>ation         
complet$1 con/ruction ( an artificial   
body is ! next /ep4 ,9 all bird "w1     
uphol/]y excelsior or wood wool w be    
f\nd mo/ satisfactory = body mak+ &     
neck1 w+1 & leg wrapp+4 ,?is may be f\nd
 at almo/ any uphol/]y %op1 z is also   
t[1 a f9e grade ( :i* is ne$$ 9 mak+    
bird necks1 z *opp$1 s(t fill+1 etc4  ,a
 good grade ( long-fib] cotton is ne$$ =
 wrapp+ skulls & w+ & leg bones 9 small 

birds1 etc4  ,v>i\s sizes ( /rong ?read1
 bo? black & :ite1 & "s small1 /rong1   
ball tw9e w be ne$$ = wrapp+ & sew+4    
,:5 mak+ ! artificial body1 lay ! outl9e
 sket*es be=e y & copy ,nature's l9es   
?r\gh\t ! "w ( assembl+ ! specim54  ,to 
make a firm core = ! body1 take a ?ick  
wisp ( excelsior twice ! l5g? ( !       
natural body & small or l>ge accord+ to 
specim54 ,hold ?is tightly 9 ! left h&1 
wrapp+ x v h>d ) ?read or cord4 ,wrap ! 
squeez$ excelsior :]e x protrudes f     
betwe5 ?umb & =ef+] ( left h&1 draw+    
cord tight at ea* r\nd1 pay+ out ! wisp 
until all is wrapp$ h>d 7see ,fig4 #c74 
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4  ,n[ d\ble ?is  
/ick ( excelsior 9 ! middle & b9d x     
toge!r tightly4 ,?is =ms a solid core ! 
l5g? ( ! body4  ,! body is f9i%$ ar\nd  
?is base by firmly b9d+ ^u x wisps or   
h&fuls ( loose excelsior until ! %ape ( 
! natural body is approximat$4 ,to be   
correct ?is =m %\ld appe> oval f side   
view & pe>-%ap$ f end view 7see ,fig4   
#d74  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4  ,all body

 wrapp+ mu/ be firm s t wires set 9 x w 
n be loose & cause ! specim5 to wobble4 
,next cut ! neck1 w+1 & leg wires4 ,cut 
neck wire ?ree times natural l5g?1 w+   
wires twice natural l5g?1 & leg wires   
?ree times natural l5g?4 ,9 ! neck use a
 size wire t w support ! head firmly &  
/ill be easy to manipulate4  ,if ! w+s  
are to be clos$1 use light wire 9 !m4   
,if to be spread1 use /rong wire to     
support ) no wobbl+4 ,9 ! legs use z    
l>ge wire z w g easily ?r\gh ! t>sus & n
 rip ! sk9 op51 to insure rigidity 9 !  
f9i%$ specim54 ,use galvaniz$ s(t /eel  
wires if possible4 ,if ord9>y black iron
 wire is us$ x %\ld be wax$ be=e plac+4 
,= ! tail cut "o wire ( a l5g? to g half
 way ?r\gh ! body & leave en\gh protrud+
 to all[ ( h&ily sett+ tail into        
position4  ,cut six or eight m$ium      
wires1 twice l5g? ( ?ickness ( body1 =  
w+ p9n+ & fea!r wrapp+1 if ei!r or bo? (
 ^! are f\nd necess>y4 ,make corn]$     
po9ts on wires4 ,%>p5 neck- & w+-wires  
at bo? ends1 leg1 tail1 & p9n+-wires at 

"o end4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4  ,to   
set neck-wire 9 body1 ?ru/ x 9 a little 
above c5t] ( l>g] end ( body1 run x     
diagonally ?r\gh & out at middle back   
7see ,fig4 #e74 ,pu% two-?irds its l5g? 
out ( back1 loop "o-?ird back along its 
own l5g? & pu% x back ?r\gh body s t bo?
 ends protrude1 %ort] end b5ea? o!r 9   
front4 ,b5d ! %ort end squ>ely & =ce x  
into front ( body to an*or neck-wire    
firmly 9 place4 ,consult note sket* &   
wrap a s(t neck ( natural size ^u ! wire
 7see ,fig4 #f74 ,leave head end ( neck 
a little bit long to set into bra9      
cavity = solid an*orage4 ,= neck mat]ial
 use cotton 9 small birds1 t[ 9 m$ium   
size1 & f9e excelsior 9 l>ge birds4     
,only excelsior w ne$ ty+ d[n ) ?read or
 cord4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4  ,to    
make cords 9 nape ( neck1 :i* support ! 
mane1 ?read a l>ge sew+ ne$le ) heavy   
?read = small birds1 a d>n+ ne$le ) /r+ 
= l>g]4 ,d\ble ! cord & knot its end    
heavily4 ,run ! ne$le ?r\gh ridge ( body
 j back ( %\ld]s1 c>ry cord to a little 

bel[ :]e skull w set to & run cord ?r\gh
 neck f back to front s x w protrude    
betwe5 jaws :5 !y are set 7see ,fig4    
#g74  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4  ,let long
 end ( cord hang free s t x may be pass$
 ?r\gh ! m\? :5 skull is set on         
neck-wire4 ,) ?is done1 lay aside !     
body4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4  ,! next 
/ep is wir+ ! w+s & legs & sub/itut+    
muscles ( same4 ,to place a w+-wire draw
 ! w+ inside out4 ,take w+ bone 9 left  
h&4 ,place po9t ( wire "u small t5don t 
draws across back ( elb[ jo9t1 pu% ?r\gh
 & up to wri/4 ,turn w+ "r side out & by
 p>t+ fea!rs on "u side ( wri/1 locate  
two po9ts ( bone at jo9t :i* h a cord or
 t5don drawn across betwe5 !m4 ,"w !    
wire ?r\gh "u ?is4  ,! simple/ way to   
an*or tip ( w+-wire is to pu% x outside 
sk9 j =w>d ( wri/1 turn a %ort "r angle 
b5d ne> its tip ) pli]s & c>ry+ x =w>d1 
pu% ! po9t ?r\gh a holl[ pan :i* w be   
f\nd 9 ! h& bones 7see ,fig4 #h74  ,aft]
 a w+-wire is set1 wrap cotton1 t[1 or  
excelsior ab\t ! upp] arm-bone to       

approximate %ape & size ( fle% remov$4  
,wrap slightly ) ?read or cord & tie4   
,9 a small bird 9 :i* ! =e>m 0 sk9n$ out
 f ! inside1 slip 9 a film ( cotton or  
t[ to replace fle% ( same4 ,9 a l>ge    
bird 9 :i* ! w+ 0 op5$ along =e>m & h&1 
lay 9 a s(t fill+ aft] sk9 is 9 place on
 artificial body & sewn up4 ,sew w+     
incision c>efully1 beg9n+ at body &     
keep+ fea!rs out ( /it*4  ,to place !   
leg-wires1 />t %>p5$ end into ball (    
foot1 pu% wire upw>d ?r\gh back ( leg to
 hock or heel jo9t4 ,take leg 9 left h&1
 keep+ heel /raight1 & pu% wire ?r\gh at
 back ( jo9t4 ,a little turn+ ( ! wire w
 aid 9 pass+ ?r\gh leg easily4  ,n[ turn
 leg inside out & pu% wire to j beyond  
end ( %9 bone 7see ,fig4 #i74 ,slip wire
 rapidly back & =? 9 leg to make x run  
easily4 ,!re %\ld be no k9ks 9 wires4   
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4  ,hold wire d[n 
to back ( bone & wrap on cotton1 t[1 or 
excelsior1 accord+ to size ( bird1 to   
replace fle%4 ,tie ?is mat]ial loosely )
 a few turns ( ?read or cord4 ,see t w+ 

& leg wrapp+ is smoo? & nicely tap]+ f  
elb[ & heel4  ,x n[ rema9s to place !   
body1 set w+s & legs & tail1 sew up !   
brea/ incision1 &1 if a l>ge bird1 !    
w+s4  ,9 prep>+ to place ! body1 take a 
turn ( end ( nape cord ab\t tip (       
neck-wire & twi/ a wisp ( cotton ab\t !m
 bo? to prev5t wire cat*+ 9 neck sk9 :5 
pass+ ?r\gh4 ,hold up ! bird-sk9 by !   
head1 %ake x out loose & rattle         
neck-wire up ?r\gh ! neck4 ,run wire out
 ( m\?1 remove cotton & release free end
 ( nape cord4 ,draw wire back to base ( 
skull1 leav+ nape cord hang+ f m\?4 ,n[ 
pu% wire ?r\gh bra9 cavity1 betwe5 eye  
sockets & =w>d out ( ro( ( m\? inside   
until neck is seat$ 9 bra9 cavity4 ,tip 
( wire may h to be curv$ to accompli%   
?is1 9 curve-bill$ birds4  ,:5 head is  
set take excelsior body 9 "r h&1 hold x 
) head up1 & ) left h& pull %\ld] sk9   
into place4 ,n[ lay ! bird d[n1 take a  
w+-wire & />t x ?r\gh ! body at side (  
back1 "o-half to "o & "o-half in*es1    
accord+ to size ( bird1 to re> ( actual 

position ( %\ld] jo9t4  ,pull wire ?r\gh
 on opposite side ( brea/4 ,:5 head (   
w+-bone is drawn d[n to same di/ance z  
above1 f body1 b5d wire %>ply =w>d to   
lay ^u body1 ?us sett+ %\ld] jo9t s t x 
is flexible4 ,n[ turn ov] end ( wire    
left protrud+ f side ( brea/ & cl9* x   
into body squ>ely4 ,:5 w+s are set %ake 
sk9 d[n ov] body & set legs4  ,hav+     
previ\sly m>k$ ! hip jo9t ) a spot (    
ink1 run a leg-wire ?r\gh at ?is po9t1  
qu>t]+ x out on opposite side :]e ?igh w
 set4 ,pull wire ?r\gh to a consid]able 
l5g? )\t draw+ o!r end up into ! foot4  
,loop %>p end squ>ely1 ) long en\gh po9t
 to g cle> ?r\gh body aga91 pu% x back  
?r\gh1 cl9*+ tip d[n on o!r side4 ,n[   
pull ! knee to its prop] di/ance f hip  
jo9t1 ?us leav+ b>e wire = ?igh bone4   
,b5d ?igh into place flat aga9/ side (  
body1 ) knee at side ( brea/4  ,:5 legs 
are set %ake & c>efully pull sk9 ( rump 
into place4 ,take tail-wire & pu% x     
?r\gh c5t] ( tail1 "u ! bone1 us+ c>e t 
x does n di/urb tail quills4 ,pu% %>p   

end ( wire into body above c5t] & =w>d (
 end ( body4  ,consult notes = actual   
set ( tail4 ,see t wire supports tail   
)\t loos5ess4 7,= g5]al details ( wir+1 
see ,fig4 #aj47 ,fill butt ( tail &     
?ighs ) a little *opp$ t[4              
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4  ,n[ lay ! bird
 ^u its back4 ,turn ! legs out at !     
sides a little1 leav+ knees aga9/ body4 
,draw edges ( sk9 toge!r along incision 
& sew up ) m$ium /it*es1 nei!r %ort &   
labor$ or long & sl\*y4 ,beg9 at rump   
end ( incision4  ,9 a bird 9 :i* ! neck 
0 op5$ to accommodate sk9n+ ! head1 sew 
up ?is incision c>efully1 beg9n+ at body
 end & sew+ t[>d head4  ,:5 a l>ge bird1
 9 :i* ! w+s 7 op5$ = clean+1 is to be  
m\nt$ ) clos$ w+s1 v little sew+ ne$ be 
done1 b if ! w+s are to be rais$ or     
spread ! incision %\ld be neatly /it*$  
its entire l5g?4  ,also 9 a l>ge bird1 9
 :i* ! t5dons 7 drawn ?r\gh ball ( foot1
 ! fatty tissue ( ! ball %\ld be replac$
 ) *opp$ t[ & ! %ort incision sewn up4  
,beeswax w keep ?read f fray+4  ,) !    

sew+ all done1 b5d ! legs into          
semi-position1 fold ! w+s1 if to be     
clos$1 & turn !m %>ply up ov] ! back s t
 _! "u side is outw>d & elb[s meet ov]  
c5t] ( back4 ,%ake out ! plumage a      
little by grasp+ ! feet4 ,drill ! p]* & 
m\nt ! bird ^u x4 ,position ! legs1     
body1 & head1 & set ! tail z p] ,nature1
 to suit ! position4  ,adju/ ! plumage a
 little ) tweez]s4 ,compress ! w+s      
loosely to ! sides4 ,if !re is an       
unnatural holl[ness betwe5 ! %\ld]s1    
lift ! mane & at "o side ( x :]e ! sk9  
is b>e1 make a %ort longitud9al         
incision4 ,?r\gh ?is place a little s(t 
fill+ ov] & betwe5 ! %\ld]s to fill out 
holl[ness4 ,x is n necess>y to sew up   
?is incision 9 a long fea!r$ specim54   
,n[ settle d[n to ! fasc9at+ task (     
adju/+ ! fea!r tracts1 nicely manipulat+
 ! plumage1 9 places fea!r by fea!r1    
until *>act]i/ic m>k+s ( ! species are  
br\ght out 9 _! normal position z ?\gh !
 bird _h j ruffl$ & !n all[$ ! fea!rs to
 settle back s(tly4 ,jewel]s' tweez]s   

are ! f9e/ ?+ to be _h = ?is "w4        
,return to ! head4 ,pull ! nape cord    
taut & tie x to neck-wire 9 ro( ( m\?4  
,cut (f ! wire )9 ! m\? s t ! m&ibles   
close naturally4 ,tie ! bill %ut ) cord 
or ?read4 ,x is necess>y 9 _m specim5s  
to ?read ! cord ?r\gh ! no/rils to      
accompli% ?is4  ,to set ! eyes1 wipe a  
drop ( liquid glue into ! cotton ( ! eye
 sockets & inside ! lids1 us+ a bit (   
wire = ! purpose4 ,set ! eyes ) reg>d to
 expression to suit ! position1 pick+ ! 
lids ov] _! edges ) ne$le & tweez]s4    
,p91 or tie ) ?read1 ! toes to grasp !  
p]*4  ,cut two pieces ( ?9 c>dbo>d = !  
tail4 ,curve !m slightly4 ,place "o ov] 
& "o "u ! long quills j cle> ( ! cov]ts 
& p9 !m ?r\gh 9 two or ?ree places to   
hold ! quills ev5 until dry4  ,9 m\nt+ a
 specim5 ) spread w+s1 c>d ! flight     
fea!rs full l5g? ) curv$ /rips1 same z  
tail1 !n run a long %>p5$ wire into !   
body "u ea* w+ & lay a loose bun* (     
cotton ov] x1 "u ! quills1 to raise !m &
 hold 9 prop] position until dry4  ,to  

wrap ! body fea!rs = keep+ place until  
dry1 /ick two or ?ree long p9s 9 back & 
brea/1 along c5t] ( bo?4 ,^! hold !     
light wrapp+ ( ?read f slipp+ out (     
place z x goes on4 ,lay ! ?read ar\nd ! 
specim5 lightly4 ,if ! w+s d n set "r   
)\t o!r aid ?an ! wire already 9 !m1 p9 
!m ) %>p5$ wires1 "o ?r\gh ! d\ble bone 
j =w>d ( ! wri/ & "o ?r\gh close =w>d ( 
! elb[1 runn+ wires firmly into ! body4 
7,= g5]al details see ,fig4 #aa47       
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4  ,to soak up a 
dri$ bird sk9 = prep>ation to m\nt1 !   
simple/ & quicke/ means is imm]sion 9 a 
weak solution ( c>bolic acid 9 wat]1    
leav+ = a day or two until tissues are  
s(t4  ,:5 ! sk9 is relax$ s t w+s & legs
 may be manipulat$ )\t break+1 squeeze  
wat] f x & foll[ same me?od giv5 =      
clean+ a fre% sk94 ,) ?is treatm5t a    
good dry sk9 w come out z s(t & workable
 z a fre% "o4 ,ars5ic & grease burnt    
sk9s are h>d to get mu* out (4  ,to make
 up dry bird sk9s = keep+ to m\nt at a  
future "t1 foll[ regul> me?od ( ?or\gh  

sk9n+ & clean+4 ,apply dry ars5ic p[d]  
to inn] surfaces4 ,wrap skull1 w+1 & leg
 bones lightly ) cotton or t[4 ,turn sk9
 "r side out & pu% a neck & light body  
fill+ ( fib] t w all[ v5tilation1 into  
place4 ,arrange ! plumage & hang ! sk9  
up by a ?read or cord sewn ?r\gh neck at
 base ( skull4  ,to make a cab9et sk9 = 
/udy purposes1 roll a neat body & neck (
 mat]ial to suit size ( bird1 place x   
inside ! sk91 /it* incision toge!r1 plug
 eye sockets ) cotton1 tie ! elb[s      
toge!r on ! body ) a loop sewn ?r\gh !  
back1 tie bill %ut1 adju/ fea!rs neatly 
& lay ! specim5 9 a holl[$ b$ made ( a  
piece ( wire nett+ b5t to size4 ,see t  
w+s cov] back neatly4 ,lay head ( %ort  
neck$ bird out /raight1 neck some:at    
%ort] ?an natural1 & ( long neck$       
specim5 along "r side1 loop$ to body )  
cord sewn ?r\gh neck & side4 ,cross !   
feet & tie ) a tag be>+ complete data z 
to locality1 date1 sex1 etc41 )         
collector's "n4 ,to det]m9e sex ( a bird
 specim51 op5 ! abdom5 "u ?igh4 ,te/es (

 male w be f\nd "u =e end ( pelvis & are
 :ite1 9 "y bird1 v small4  ,n[ :5 !    
p]iod ( dry+ is pa/1 return to ! m\nt$  
bird = f9i%+ t\*es4 ,) scissors cut !   
?read fea!r wrapp+s4 ,pull out p9s 9    
back & brea/ & cut (f w+ p9n+-wires flu%
 "u ! plumage4 ,if ! specim5 0 prim>ily 
m\nt$ on a r\gh tempor>y p]*1 remove to 
! f9i%$ p]man5t /& & color legs & fle%y1
 expos$ p>ts ( face sk9 to natural hues 
) tube oil colors & a s(t bru%4 ,?9 !   
color = ?is purpose ) a little turp5t9e 
& a v little t\* ( v>ni%4  ,9 all "w 9  
taxid]my1 practice develops deftness & a
 p]sonal sy/em ( h&l+ ! details t _c be 
br\ght ab\t except by sympa!tic att5tion
 to ! art4 ,! "w is n difficult :5 !    
details are address$ ) quiet ?\ght & v  
little ma9 /r5g?4  ,illu/ration         
,,sk9n+1 ,,prep>+1 ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,a       
,,small ,,mammal     ,,*apt] ,,iii      
,,sk9n+1 ,,prep>+1 ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,a       
,,small ,,mammal   ,we w *oose a gray   
squirrel z our subject 9 ?is *apt]1 z   
?is little rod5t has a t\gh sk9 t is    

easily manipulat$4 ,a cottontail rabbit 
might be m easy to procure1 b is n s    
satisfactory = ! purpose ( initiative   
/eps 9 ?is "w1 z 8 sk9 is extremely     
delicate & requires especially c>eful   
h&l+ 9 prep>ation & m\nt+4  ,n[1 9      
beg9n+ "w ^u ! small mammal specim51    
make outl9e /udies ( x 9 same way ! bird
 specim5 0 h&l$1 i4 e41 bo? be=e & aft] 
sk9n+4 ,:5 ! prelim9>y surface sket*es  
are complet$1 replace ! wrapp+ pap] us$ 
= ! purpose1 ) newspap]1 cornmeal at h&1
 & proce$ ) ! sk9n+4  ,h scalpel or     
sk9n+-knife well %>p5$4 ,lay head (     
specim5 t[>d "r4 ,"p fur ov] c5t] (     
brea/ bone1 ins]t po9t ( knife j "u sk91
 =c+ backw>d1 & ) z ne> "o clean /roke z
 possible op5 ! sk9 neatly along c5t] ( 
abdom54 ,d n cut ! abdom9al wall4 ,c>ry 
belly incision to close to ! v5t4 ,9    
male specim5 run ! incision to "o side (
 ! te/es4  ,next ins]t po9t ( knife 9 =e
 c5t] ( pad or feet & paws & ) a g5tle  
pu% c>ry ^! incisions ^u back ( wri/s & 
inside ( ankles to :]e swell ( l>ge     

muscles is felt4 ,9 mammals ! size (    
wood*uck or raccoon1 split toes on "u   
side4  ,if a mammal sk9 is to be kept = 
"s "t1 dri$ or 9 br9e1 split ! tail full
 l5g? along "u side4 ,if tail sk9 slips 
easily & ! specim5 is to be m\nt$ at    
once1 pull ! tail out1 splitt+ only ! v 
tip to all[ ars5ic solution to be run   
?r\gh4 ,9 _m species ! tail mu/ be split
 & peel$ out ) a knife because ( t\gh   
b9d+4 7,= g5]al diagram ( incisions1 see
 ,fig4 #ab47  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4  
,! next /ep 9 h&ily sk9n+ a mammal is to
 peel out ! feet ?r\gh _! incisions1    
sev]+ toes at base & leav+ !m complete 9
 ! sk94 ,peel ! leg sk9s back ov] ankles
 & wri/s 7see ,fig4 #ac74  ,illu/ration3
 ,fig4 #ac4  ,if tail 0 split1 peel x   
d[n next1 beg9n+ at tip4 ,n[ return to !
 abdom9al incision & neatly peel ! sk9 f
 ! body1 9 _m in/ances us+ only ! ?umb  
nail = loos5+ x4  ,:5 ! ?ighs are       
enc\nt]$1 b5d h9d legs back & sev] hip  
jo9ts f pelvis 7see ,fig4 #ac71 cutt+   
c>efully ?r\gh ! l>ge muscles s t ! sk9 

on opposite side ( !m may n be punctur$4
  ,:5 ! h9d legs are cut free1 peel     
ar\nd back ( pelvis1 loos5+ sk9 to base 
( tail4 ,set ! specim5 ^u its head end  
&1 ) ?umb & f+] nails ( left h&1 grasp  
sk9 ab\t ! base ( tail :ile ) "r h& /rip
 tail out ) =ce4  ,next peel ! body d[n 
to %\ld]s4 ,hang l>ge specim5 up by cord
 ti$ ab\t lo9s1 ! m h&ily to f9i% !     
sk9n+4  ,sev] ! =elegs at %\ld] jo9t    
7see ,fig4 #ad71 us+ c>e n to cut ?r\gh 
sk94  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4  ,peel   
sk9 d[n ov] neck to e>s4 ,cut e>s free f
 head1 work+ ) knife close to skull4    
,peel to eyes4 ,9 cutt+ ! eyelids free1 
"w close to eyeballs s t lids are n     
injur$4 ,peel to m\? & cut close to jaw 
bones 9 sev]+ lips & nose f skull 7see  
,fig4 #ae74  ,) ! sk9 remov$ f ! body1  
next peel out ! legs4  ,split inside (  
lips free ) %>p knife1 v c>efully1 s z n
 to break edge ( !m4  ,illu/ration3     
,fig4 #ae4  ,) scissors %e> out all m\? 
& nose meat1 be+ c>eful n to cut (f !   
:isk] pockets1 :i* are usually v prom95t

 :5 ! side nose muscles are p>tly %e>$  
(f4  ,sk9 out ! backs ( ! e>s cle> to   
edges by press+ a f+] tip inside ! e> & 
peel+ ov] ?is ) f+] nail or o!r dull    
in/rum5t4 ,) scissors %e> (f meat ( butt
 ( e> & :atev] meat & fat adh]es to re/ 
( sk94  ,9 sket*es ( sk9n$ body m>k     
po9ts ( %\ld] jo9t & hip jo9t & note    
wid? ( pelvis at hip jo9ts4  ,remove !  
skull f ! c>cass & clean x by cutt+ &   
scrap+ away all meat1 pull+ out !       
eyeballs1 & scoop+ out ! bra94 ,= !     
purpose ( m\nt+1 ! base ( ! skull may be
 cut (f to facilitate clean+1 b = /udy  
7cab9et7 sk9s ! skull mu/ be kept intact
 & always accompany by numb] ! sk9 x 0  
remov$ f4  ,trim all meat f ! leg bones 
& poison ^! & ! skull :5 f9i%+          
prep>ation ( ! sk94  ,add a few drops ( 
c>bolic acid1 well /irr$ 9 to ! ars5ic  
wat] us$ ^u sk9s ( small mammals =      
m\nt+4 ,?is aids 9 prev5t+ decay &      
slipp+ ( ! epid]mis4  ,apply ! poison   
solution ?or\ghly ) a bru%1 to all inn] 
surfaces ( ! sk9 & to ! toes4 ,if tail 0

 split only at ! tip1 run a few drops ( 
ars5ic wat] ?r\gh x4  ,turn ! poison$   
sk9 "r side out1 lay x flat1 side press$
 to side1 roll up1 place 9 pap]1 & cov] 
) a damp clo?4 ,lay 9 ?is way ov] "o    
night1 giv+ ! ars5ic solution a *ance to
 p5etrate ?r\gh to roots ( hair be=e    
m\nt+4 ,if a specim5 is bloody or muss$ 
! blood may be clean$ (f be=e sk9n+ by  
wett+ ! spots ) alcohol & rubb+ ! blood 
& juices out ) cornmeal4  ,! fir/ /ep 9 
m\nt+ is prop]ly to wire ! skull & leg  
bones4 7,= details ( ?is see ,fig4 #af47
  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4  ,= !        
body-wire select a size l>g] ?an = !    
legs1 cutt+ x twice z long z head1 neck1
 & body4 ,= legs *oose a size wire t w  
firmly support ! specim5 9 position )\t 
wobbl+4 ,if ! mammal is to sit erect1 ! 
h9d leg-wires mu/ be consid]ably l>g]   
?an o!rwise & =eleg-wires may be mu*    
light]4 7,mak+ ! pelvis loop may be     
easily foll[$ 9 diagram 9 ,fig4 #ag47   
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4  ,! fir/       
body-wire loop is b5t to set into ! bra9

 cavity4 ,!n ! =eleg loop is made "s    
little di/ance back ( actual %\ld] po9t 
79 fox-squirrel ab\t an in* & a half or 
two in*es74 ,get di/ance f skull to hip 
jo9t f body sket* & foll[ ?is sket* =   
dim5sions 9 b5d+ wire pelvis into %ape4 
,! tail loop is la/ to be made4  ,z     
,fig4 #af %[s1 ! leg-wires are wrapp$   
tightly ^u ! back ( ! bones ) ?read or  
light cord1 leav+ %ort] end ( wire pass+
 f sole ( foot4 ,at %\ld] jo9t turn wire
 back %>ply & at hip ball turn wire 9 at
 "r angles4 ,9 palms & soles ( feet turn
 wire d[n at "r angles4  ,:5 ! bone wir+
 is complet$ take up aga9 ! body        
sket*es4 ,br+ out a quantity ( f9e      
excelsior = replac+ ! leg muscles &     
skull meat & = fill+ ! body aft]        
assembl+ ! wir$ p>ts )9 ! sk94  ,9      
wrapp+ on ! artificial leg muscles beg9 
at ! feet4 ,foll[ ! outl9e sket*es & )  
?read & small cord wrap small1 prop]ly  
proportion$ masses1 squeez$ firm 9 ! h& 
or f+] tips1 ^u ! bones1 copy+ ,nature's
 outl9e & =m accurately4  ,wrap ! =eleg 

to ! %\ld]s4 ,complete ! h9d leg to !   
knee & above ?is po9t wrap on only !    
muscles on top ( ! ?igh bone1 leav+ back
 ( ?igh to be fill$ ) loose mat]ial :5 !
 sk9 is adju/$4  ,! tail may be made (  
cotton1 wrapp$ tightly & smoo?ly ^u !   
wire1 wisp by wisp4 ,beg9 at tip & "w   
d[n1 sp9n+ ! wire ) "r h& to produce    
uni=mity ( %ape4 ,if mammal is l>g] ?an 
a squirrel ! tail may be made ( t[1     
pull$ smoo?1 laid l5g?wise ( ! wire1 &  
wrapp$ smoo?ly d[n ) ?read4 ,= size1    
l5g?1 & %ape ( tail1 ref] to ! sket*es4 
,! head muscles may be replac$ 9 mu* !  
same mann] z leg muscles4 7,see ,fig4   
#ah = wrapp+ complete47 ,! specim5 is n[
 ready to assemble4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4
 #ah4  ,to accompli% ?is 9 sy/ematic    
ord]1 ins]t ! head into place & next !  
=elegs4 ,consult sket* & b5d a "r angle 
9 =eleg-wire back ( %\ld] at su* a po9t 
t %\ld] w set 9 prop] relation to head4 
,"o at a "t1 us+ ! pli]s1 twi/ ^!       
=eleg-wire ends1 aft] sett+ !m ?r\gh    
%\ld] loop1 tightly back along !        

body-wire4 ,next ins]t ! h9d legs into !
 sk94 ,slip _! wires ?r\gh hip loops1   
c>ry !m =w>d1 & tightly twi/ !m ar\nd   
body-wire z 9 =elegs4  ,if ! tail sk9 0 
unop5$ except at tip ! wrapp$ tail %\ld 
be put 9 :5 ! head is plac$ 9 ! sk94 ,if
 tail sk9 0 op5$ full l5g?1 ! artificial
 tail may be plac$ aft] all ! legs are  
adju/$4 ,run tail-wire base =w>d ?r\gh  
its pelvis-wire loop & twi/ x ar\nd     
body-wire4 7,= g5]al assembl+ ( specim5 
see ,fig4 #ai47  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4    
#ai4  ,be=e fill+ ! body1 sew up ! tail1
 us+ %ort /it*es & a r\nd ne$le1 if x is
 possible to pu% x ?r\gh sk9 easily4    
,beg9 sew+ at tip & "w t[>d body4 ,f9i% 
all sew+ ) a simple knot drawn tight "u 
tip ( f+]4  ,next1 ) a /uff+ rod (      
appropriate size1 place ! neck fill+1   
/uff+ aga9/ palm ( left h& holl[$       
outside ! sk9 at po9t ( fill+ s t ! =m+ 
may be felt accurately4  ,!n comes !    
fill+ = %\ld] blades ov] =elegs & ) x ! 
*e/ fill+4 ,9 h&l+ ! excelsior1 pull out
 wisps ( x f ! mass & rub !m betwe5 !   

palms s t ! fib] is brok5 up & s(t5$4   
,f9e excelsior 7wood wool7 is ! mat]ial 
p> excell5ce = /uff+ ! bodies ( small   
mammals f size ( small *ipmunks up4     
,mice require a s(t] mat]ial1 & %ort    
*opp$1 f9e t[ answ]s requirem5ts 9 !m4  
,! leg bones ( mice may be wrapp$ ) long
 fib] cotton batt+ or f9e t[4  ,:5 !    
%\ld]s & *e/ h be5 fill$ firm full1 b n 
to ! po9t ( look+ /uff$1 turn to ! h9d  
legs & pelvis4 ,fill 9 ! back ?igh      
muscles neatly2 !n cov] top ( wire      
pelvis1 pu%+ mat]ial well d[n to base ( 
tail4 ,fill rump suffici5tly to ov]come 
a p9*$ or too high set look4 ,! position
 mu/ be consid]$ 9 prop]ly fill+ ! back1
 sides1 & abdom54 ,if a bun*$ up        
position is to be work$ out1 b5d ! wire 
back bone into semipose & place ! legs 9
 approximately _! f9al position4 ,aft]  
?is1 fill ! body to suit ! position1    
always =m+ ) ! /uff+ rod work+ aga9/ !  
left h&4 ,see t all fill+ is firm b n   
pack$ 9 to ! po9t ( di/ort+ ! sk94      
,consult sket*es & aim to pres]ve !     

little animal's natural =m4 7,= g5]al   
fill+ details see ,fig4 #bj7            
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4  ,:5 ! fill+ is
 all plac$1 sew ! abdom9al incision     
neatly up1 beg9n+ at re> end always &   
go+ =w>d4 ,wax ! ?read4 ,9 a hun*$      
toge!r position1 middl+ long /it*es may 
be us$4 ,9 a /raight] pose %ort] /it*es 
%\ld be us$4  ,n[1 :5 ! body is sewn up 
cov] ! specim5 ) pap] & a damp clo? to  
prev5t dry+ :ile a small bat* ( compo4  
,no4 ,,ii is prep>$ = f9i%+ feet & head4
 ,return+ to ! specim5 ) ?is1 slightly  
moi/5 ! wrapp+ on ! bones ( ! feet &    
apply a bit ( ! compo4 at front & 9 !   
sole ( ea* foot4 ,?is cem5ts ! toes to !
 foot & fills ! pads4  ,aft] ?is is done
 sew ea* foot up neatly1 beg9n+ at toes 
& work+ t[>d body4 ,if toes 7 l>ge &    
requir$ splitt+ & remov+ ( toe cords1   
replace ! cords ) bits ( small rope or  
s(t tw9e & sew toes up neatly ) %ort    
/it*es4 ,x is be/ to use a r\nd ne$le & 
black ?read1 well wax$ = ?is "w4  ,!    
specim5 is n[ ready to place ^u its     

base1 p]*1 or /&4 ,) ! approximate      
position %ap$1 m>k ! p]* = wire holes by
 hold+ specim5 ov] x & indicat+ places  
:]e wires come1 by scrat* or p5cil m>k4 
,:5 holes are drill$ & ! specim5 wir$   
into place1 take a /rong fur ne$le set  
into a h&le & by work+ & compress+ ) !  
f+]s & jab-lift+ ) ! ne$le1 f9i% %ap+ & 
position+4  ,hold 9 holl[ ( flanks by   
sew+ ?r\gh "h ) long ne$le & /rong cord1
 heavily knott$ = ! fir/ hold4 ,f9i% ?is
 sew+ ) a knot drawn d[n into ! fur "u !
 ?umb4 ,arrange ! fur ov] all /it*es by 
pick+ x free ) tweez]s4  ,) ! body      
f9i%$1 take up fill+ & f9i%+ ! head ) ! 
compo4 ,fir/ "w compo4 into ! e>s & p9* 
!m out ?9 & into _! natural %ape1 !n    
cov] ! entire face "u ! sk9 ) compo4    
,fill eye sockets & set eyes z second   
/ep4 ,la/ly fill ! nose & lips & model  
!m firmly ^u ! jaws4 ,9 all mammals cov]
 ! tee? well ) ! lips4 ,ev5 9 a muskrat 
! tee? d n ord9>ily %[ at all4 ,also    
avoid gett+ ! lips1 nose1 & :isk] base  
too full4 ,set ! tail into easy normal  

position1 p9 toes to grasp ! p]* or set 
well ^u ! gr\nd & inspect ! body to see 
t no holl[ or bumps rema9 9 ! fill+ :]e 
!re %\ld be p]fect smoo?ness4 ,remove   
su* ( ^! z p]si/ ) ! h&le-held fur ne$le
 & !n set ! specim5 9 a well v5tilat$   
place to dry4  ,! pr9cipal po9t 9 prep>+
 ?9 or /ret*y small mammal sk9s = m\nt+ 
is to leave ! membrane ( sk9-muscles on 
! body sk94 ,?is holds a flabby sk9 9   
%ape & l5ds /r5g? to a frail "o4 ,9     
spite ( ?is ! legs ( mo/ wild rabbits   
mu/ be h&l$ v g+]ly1 z !y h no l9+      
membrane l ! body4 ,= f9i%+ m\?1 nose1 &
 eyelids ( m\nt$ mammals1 melt a little 
ref9$ beeswax 9 a metal vessel4 ,:ile ! 
wax is hot 7don't all[ x to smoke71 /ir 
9 a little tube oil color 7black or br[n
 = mo/ mammals2 color to nature = birds 
) highly t9t$ eyelids74 ,mix ! wax &    
color ?or\ghly ) a flat bri/le bru%4    
,aft]w>d ! bru% may be easily clean$ ( !
 wax by break+ x up ) alcohol1 :5 x has 
cool$4  ,next draw "s wisps ( f9e1      
long-fib] cotton ?r\gh ! melt$ wax & lay

 !m quickly flat ^u oil$ pap] to cool4  
,= lips ( mammals cut n>r[ /rips ( !    
wax4 ,heat an uphol/]+ sp9dle & ) x     
repeat$ly heat$1 melt ! wax & cotton    
into crease ( clos$ lips4 ,melt ?91 flat
 pieces ( ! wax into dep? ( no/rils & v 
n>r[ /rips 9 eyelids4  ,:5 all ! wax is 
plac$1 model x into %ape ) a smoo?1     
w$ge-end$ bit ( p9e wood4 ,to clean out 
wax t ran into ! hair by melt+1 apply   
alcohol ) a bit ( clo?1 scrat* ! waxy   
hair loose ) f+] nail & rub ! crumbl$   
wax out ) ! bit ( alcohol damp5$ clo?4  
,?is leaves lips1 eyelids1 & no/rils    
neatly f9i%$4 ,apply ?9 v>ni% to nose1  
edge ( eyelids1 & b>e p>ts ( lips t %[4 
,= m\nt+ a mammal ) op5 m\?1 foll[ same 
note giv5 9 mak+ a :ole head = rug4  ,to
 make a small mammal cab9et sk91 remove 
! sk9 z = m\nt+ except t legs are sev]$ 
at elb[ & knee & soles ( feet are split 
only to all[ ( poison+4  ,poison ) dry  
ars5ic4 ,wire tail same z 9 m\nt+4 ,wrap
 leg bones ) cotton1 t[1 or excelsior   
accord+ to size ( specim54 ,turn ! sk9  

back ov] a core ( "o ( ^! mat]ials1     
wrapp$ ^u a spl9t] or /ick1 to size (   
natural body1 b some:at flatt]4 ,sew up 
abdom9al incision neatly4 ,cat* ! lips  
toge!r ) two or ?ree /it*es4 ,lay       
specim51 belly d[n1 ^u a s(t-wood bo>d4 
,p9 =e paws alongside ( ! face & h9d    
feet alongside ( tail4  ,:5 ?is is done 
press specim5 until x is slightly       
flatt5$ & set aside to dry4 ,) ea*      
specim5 pres]ve ! p]fect skull :5       
possible1 date on :i* tak51 locality1   
any note ( int]e/ obs]v$ at ! "t 7& add 
collector's "n74  ,9 us+ dry ars5ic1    
apply ) a small bru%1 us+ no grease on !
 h&s4     ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,,game   
,,fi%es ,,& ,,small ,,reptiles          
,,*apt] ,,iv  ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+      
,,game ,,fi%es ,,& ,,small ,,reptiles   
,= ! purpose ( m\nt+1 fi%es & reptiles  
mu/ be fre%1 & ! fre%] ! bett]4 ,9      
beg9n+ ?is *apt] x may be well to /ate a
 simple way to keep fi% = a %ort p]iod  
be=e sk9n+ & m\nt+1 z sportsm5 afield w 
n always be able imm$iately to prep>e   

specim5s tak54  ,fir/1 :ile ! fi% is    
p]fectly fre%1 remove ! visc]a4 ,if !   
fi% is to be m\nt$ ^u a panel = wall    
decoration1 make ! incision along middle
 ( poore/ look+ side1 full l5g? f gill  
to tail f94  ,if ! specim5 is to /& ^u a
 p$e/al ( poli%$ wood1 ) support+ rods f
 ! belly1 make ! incision along c5t] (  
belly full l5g?4 ,to prev5t decay1 /ir  
?ree or f\r drops ( =ty p] c5t solution 
( =mal9 into a qu>t ( wat]4  ,squeeze a 
clo? f ?is1 leav+ x pretty moi/1 & wrap 
! fi% 9 x1 giv+ ! wet clo? close contact
 ) ! sk94 ,d n apply =mal9 inside any   
sk9 to be us$ = m\nt+4 ,nev] eat ! fle% 
( a fi% ?us kept4  ,be=e sk9n+ ! fi%1   
make c>eful outl9es ov] him1 bo? side & 
top views4 ,:5 sk9 is remov$ make       
outl9es ( sk9n$ c>cass4  ,h&le a fi% v  
c>efully :5 sk9n+ & clean+1 mov+ !      
specim5 ab\t or b5d+ z little z possible
 dur+ ! entire op]ation4 ,lay ! head to 
y\r left4 ,op5 ! sk9 ) scissors & make  
"o long clean cut4  ,lift edges ( ! sk9 
& peel f fle% ) a %>p knife or scalpel4 

,cut (f base ( f9s1 :5 enc\nt]$1 )      
scissors or bone snips4 ,trim out mo/ ( 
skull ) knife & bone snips1 remov+ eyes 
f inside4 ,be sure to scrape all fle% f 
*eek inside ( gill cov]4  ,remove fle% &
 fat f inside ( sk9 ) scrap]1 work+ f   
tail t[>d head4 ,scrape out ) po9t (    
small knife blade ! fle% t runs out ?9  
ov] tail-f9 bones4  ,?is completes !    
sk9n+ op]ation4 ,! clean$ sk9 may be    
poison$ to advantage ) ei!r dry or      
solution ars5ic1 bru%$ 9 well4  ,if !   
specim5 is op5$ on ! side = panel m\nt+ 
& we wi% to foll[ a v simple me?od 9    
m\nt+1 "o t is q z practical z x is     
simple1 we mu/ take a diff]5t /ep ?an   
outl9e sket*es be=e sk9n+4 ,?is is to   
make a complete body & head ca/ ( ! be/ 
side 9 pla/] ( p>is4 ,?is does n include
 ! f9s4 ,to make ! ca/ neatly1 lay !    
fi%1 be/ side up1 9 a slight holl[ 9 a  
box ( clean1 damp s&4 ,pack ! s& up "u !
 fi% body smoo?ly s t m ?an half ( him  
rises 9 cameo /yle f ! smoo? surface4   
,make up en\gh pla/] to d ! ca/ at once4

 ,to mix pla/] prop]ly1 spr9kle x into !
 di% ( wat] until a little w beg9 to /& 
out dry above ! surface4 ,!n ) a spoon  
sunk deep 9 x1 g5tly /ir to ev5ness4 ,x 
is !n ready to p\r4 ,be=e do+ ?is1 j> ! 
pan ^u ! table a "t or two to cause any 
possible bubbles to rise4  ,p\r ev5ly   
ov] ! fi%1 or bett] /ill1 dip x on ) !  
spoon4 ,! pla/] %\ld be ?ick en\gh to   
b>ely fl[ = mak+ a prop] ca/4  ,!       
pectoral f9s are simply laid flat to !  
side 9 mak+ ! ca/4  ,all[ ! ca/ to set  
h>d be=e lift+ x & remov+ ! fi%4 ,trim  
(f ! ov]lapp+ edge s t no und]cut       
rema9s4  ,! clean$ & poison$ sk9 %\ld   
lay 9 damp clo? ov] "o night & is !n    
laid 9 accurate place back 9 ! ca/4 ,p\r
 x ne>ly full ( m$ium ?ick pla/] ( p>is1
 c>efully mix$ free ( bubbles4  ,settle 
a bo>d1 cut to approximate body outl9e b
 mu* small]1 into ! unset pla/] & press 
! flap edges ( ! sk9 back toge!r ov] !  
bo>d1 mold+ edge ( back & belly to r\nd 
back away f trimm$ edge ( mold4 ,?is mu/
 be all done ) accuracy be=e ! pla/]    

sets1 b y w f9d x gives en\gh "t4 ,d n  
"w 9 a /rung-up1 n]v\s way4  ,:5 ! pla/]
 is set h>d1 remove fi% f mold1 hold x  
^u palm ( left h& & tack edges ( sk9 to 
back-bo>d4 7,= g5]al details ( ?is me?od
 see ,fig4 #ba74  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4   
#ba4  ,screw ! specim5 to a piece ( bo>d
 & adju/ f9s1 c>d+ !m ov] little blocks 
& hold+ ! c>ds ) %>p toilet p9s until   
dry+ is complet$4  ,see t ! jaws set "r4
 ,!y %\ld h gone into ! mold 9 prop]    
relation to ea* o!r4 ,dig out ! pla/] 9 
eye socket on %[ side & set eye 9 a     
little fre% pla/]4  ,a simple me?od (   
mak+ a modell$ mannik9 = fi% foll[s3  ,h
 ! fre%ly sk9n$ body or sket*es ( same  
at h&4 ,cut a s(t-wood bo>d core1 mak+ x
 "s small] ?an outl9e ( c>cass4         
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4  ,an*or into   
?is two rigid support+ wires or rods z  
%[n 9 ,fig4 #bb4 ,^u ?is bo>d core wrap 
/rongly & smoo?ly ) ?read or small cord 
a quantity ( manila fib] to same %ape ( 
body b "o-half to ?ree-qu>t]s in* small]
 ?an ! body4 ,ov] ?is apply pla/] ( p>is

 & manila fib] 7dipp+ ! fib] & lay+ x   
on7 to approximate size ( natural body4 
,:5 ?is is set h>d1 p>e x smoo?ly into  
outl9es ( natural %ape & g\ge out slight
 grooves = f9 bases to set into4 7,see  
,fig4 #bc474  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4  
,mannik9s ( ?is type %\ld be dri$ out z 
quickly z possible & %ellac$ be=e apply+
 ! sk94 ,apply ! fi% sk9 ) a pa/e (     
compo4 ,no4 ,i4 ,c>d ! f9s z 9 ,fig4    
#bd4  ,fill ! face ?r\gh m\? & eyes )   
pla/] ( p>is ) a little *opp$ manila    
fib] work$ into x4 ,use a slight am\nt (
 glue 9 ! wat] to prev5t rapid sett+ ( !
 pla/]4 ,hold face 9 place until set1 ) 
light wrapp+ ( s(t cord1 us+ c>e t x    
does n crease s(t p>ts4  ,illu/ration3  
,fig4 #bd4  ,special fi% eyes may be    
procur$ at any deal]s 9 taxid]mi/s'     
supplies4 ,z ! la/ detail ( m\nt+1 set !
 eyes4 ,9 all k9ds ( specim5s use a size
 ( eyes t pass ?r\gh ! lids easily )\t !
 ne$ ( /ret*+ to admit !m4 ,a panel-fi% 
ne$s b "o eye z a rule4  ,:5 ! specim5  
is dry apply a coat ( ?9 %ellac z a     

fill] to ! surface to pa9t ^u4 ,?is     
fill] %\ld be v ?9 & leave only a       
sugge/ion ( gloss4  ,use oil colors &   
apply z little pigm5t z may be us$ = !  
effect4 ,k]os5e oil is an ideal ?9n+    
m$ium = tube oil colors4 ,h v little    
pa9t ^u ! bru% :5 apply+ ! t9ts to a fi%
 or reptile sk94  ,a sugge/ion ( natural
 hues & m>k+s w be f\nd m satisfactory  
?an pa9t+ !m on heavily4 ,9 a day or two
 :5 ! pa9t is dry apply a v ?9 coat (   
alcohol-cut picture v>ni%4 ,turps-cut   
v>ni% is liable to loos5 ! pa9t1 ?us    
necessitat+ entire re-f9i%+4 ,fa/5 a    
panel fi% to ! sett+ t is to frame him1 
) two screws at lea/1 c\nt]s9k+ _! heads
 9 ! panel back4  ,! fi% piece may be   
hung z a picture1 ) screw eyes & cord or
 x may be hung ) "o or two %eet metal   
slots c\nt]sunk into ! panel back4 ,?is 
w all[ ! piece to be appli$ flat to any 
wall t w hold screws4  ,l>ge fi%es m\nt$
 ) rods = p$e/al sett+ %\ld h rods      
?read$ at bo? ends = nuts4 ,upp] ends t 
support core bo>d %\ld be b5t z %[n 9   

,fig4 #be4 ,?is figure also %[s complete
 me?od ( sett+ bo? rod & wire supports 9
 body core & p]man5t /&4  ,illu/ration3 
,fig4 #be4   ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,a    
,,small ,,h>d ,,%ell$ ,,turtle  ,= !    
purpose ( sk9n+ a h>d %ell$ turtle 7s(t 
%ell$ species are be/ unattempt$7 !     
belly plate is saw$ op5 z %[n 9 ,fig4   
#bf4 ,a piece ( hacksaw blade may be    
%ap$ & set into a firm h&le ) cross pegs
 ( metal1 = ?is purpose1 or ! small saw 
f\nd 9 a holl[ h&le tool kit may s]ve4  
,f\r corn] holes mu/ be bor$ by :i* to  
/>t ! saw+1 :i*1 = ease 9 accompli%+1   
may be ?us done ^u /raight l9es4        
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4  ,?r\gh ! saw$ 
op5+ remove ! visc]a4 ,) scissors & bone
 snips1 free ! legs at _! jo9ts ) ! back
 %ell1 cut ! neck & tail v]tebrae free &
 pull all ^! memb]s inside out ?r\gh !  
op5$ %ell4 ,sk9 ! head to well d[n beh9d
 ! eye sockets1 uncov]+ mo/ ( ! jaw     
muscles & /opp+ :]e ! sk9 & skull are   
jo9$ directly on ! cr[n4  ,cut ! neck   
(f4 ,clean out jaw meat1 tongue1 & bra94

 ,turn head "r side out & ) a /iff wire 
hook pull out ! eyeballs4  ,sk9 legs    
cle> to toes & remove fle% cleanly f    
bones4  ,sk9 tail out c>efully4 ,9 _m   
species ?is has to be split on "u side  
to remove bone4 ,dry ! %ell out ) a bit 
( rag4  ,poison well ) ars5ic wat] & let
 /& ov] "o night1 cov]$ ) a damp clo?4  
,a simple me?od ( m\nt+ turtles1 t w be 
f\nd satisfactory = decorative "w1 is   
cle>ly %[n 9 ,figs4 #bg & #bh4          
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4  ,a light t[   
neck is wrapp$ ^u ! neck-wire1 :i* is   
cut ab\t twice ! l5g? ( ! head &        
neck-sk91 & has a small loop b5t into x 
ne> its out] end1 to set into ! bra9    
cavity & a loop by front & "o by back   
end ( belly op5+ to hold leg-wires4 ,!  
front end is run out ?r\gh ! nose4 ,legs
 are wir$ z 9 a mammal ) wires b\nd     
firmly to bones ) ?read or cord4 ,bones 
are !n cov]$ ) a light wrapp+ ( t[1     
plac$ lightly & smoo?ly4 ,?is s]ves only
 z a core to ! fill+4 ,tail is wrapp$ ^u
 wire to natural size4  ,illu/ration3   

,fig4 #bh4  ,legs are n[ pu%$ back into 
place1 wires ( !m & tail are pass$ ?r\gh
 loops 9 body-wire & twi/$ ar\nd x once 
or twice1 & !n leg-wires are l$ to      
drill$ holes 9 edge ( %ell & cl9*$ 9 !m 
z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg4  ,n[ tie or p9 ! m\? 
%ut4 ,legs & head & neck are next fill$ 
) sawdu/1 tamp$ 9 ) a blunt piece ( rod 
or wire or piece ( wood %ap$ = !        
purpose4 ,fill 9 ! front legs & head    
fir/ & /uff "s t[ beh9d !m to hold !    
sawdu/ 9 place :5 ! specim5 is rev]s$ to
 fill h9d legs4 ,aft] ^! are fill$1 /uff
 ! %ell full ( t[4  ,position ! turtle &
 wire ^u a piece ( bo>d = a tempor>y    
base4  ,f9i% %ap+ ) a :ittl$ model+     
tool4 ,/uff ! sk9 9 front ( h9d legs    
into prop] concavity ) wads ( t[ or     
cotton & leave ^! until ! specim5 is    
dri$4  ,/uff ! eye sockets ) *opp$ t[4  
,wipe inside ! eyelids a little liquid  
glue & c>efully set ! eyes1 us+ c>e to  
pres]ve natural fullness ( ! ball "u    
lids4  ,9 dry+1 ! tip ( ! nose w %r9k   
away4 ,:5 ! specim5 is dry & ! nose-wire

 is cut (f1 a wax tip may be model$ on1 
no/rils be+ pun*$ into x ) a bit ( wire4
  ,to set ! wax nose1 ) a %>p knife trim
 away ! %runk5 tip1 place a bit ( wax ^u
 ! socket1 & melt x into firm contact ) 
a heat$ wire4 ,%ape ! artificial nose ) 
a small wood5 model+ tool4 ,replace fad$
 colors ( turtles ) ?9 t9ts ( tube      
colors4  ,an ideal me?od ( m\nt+ turtles
 is to f9i% head1 neck1 legs1 & tail 9  
compo4 ,no4 ,,ii4  ,use ! leg bones &   
wrap !m ?9ly ) t[4 ,wrap a small1 h>d1  
t[ neck ^u ! wire & a ?9 t[ core ^u !   
tail-wire4 ,cov] ^! cores1 to natural   
size ( muscles1 ) papi] ma*e4  ,cov] !  
skull :]e meat 0 scrap$ f jaws4 ,pu% !  
neck1 tail & legs into place & wire to  
%ell z 9 ,fig4 #bg4 ,/uff %ell ) t[ to  
hold papi] ma*e fill+ ( limbs 9 place   
until dry4  ,turtles m\nt$ 9 ?is way    
%\ld be position$ ^u a bo>d1 model$ ) a 
tool into anatomical l9es ( neck1 legs1 
etc41 & all[$ to rema9 wir$ ^u ! bo>d   
until ! compo4 beg9s to h>d54  ,:5 ?is  
is well "u way1 take ! turtle f ! bo>d &

 f9i% dry+1 wrong side up 9 a well      
v5tilat$ place4 ,remove ! t[ f inside ! 
%ell to all[ ( quick] evaporation4      
,turtles m\nt$ ) sawdu/ dry v quickly & 
usually v sl[ly :5 f9i%$ 9 papi] ma*e4  
,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,a ,,small ,,liz>d 
7,apply ! wrapp$ body pr9ciple1 giv5    
h]e)1 to m\nt+   small snakes1 us+ a    
wire ?r\gh c5t]47  ,a horn$ toad is a   
good example = u to "w out 9 ?is        
dep>tm5t4 ,sk9 ! specim5 z y w\ld a     
small mammal1 except t body incision    
runs f jaw to tip ( tail & skull is left
 atta*$ to face-sk94 ,keep ! sk9n$      
c>cass 9 alcohol = ref]5ce 9 mak+ ! h>d 
wrapp$ excelsior body4 ,m\nt z y w\ld a 
bird specim51 except t all leg-wires are
 set solid same z ! two legs ( ! bird   
are4  ,! liz>d's leg bones are wir$     
exactly z 9 a bird & are wrapp$ ) t[ or 
cotton to replace muscles4 ,wire neck & 
tail & put ! specim5 toge!r z %[n 9     
,fig4 #bi4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4    
,position ! specim5 & wire ^u a tempor>y
 base4 ,set eyes same z 9 turtles4 ,:5  

dry f9i% 9 same mann] z a turtle4  ,9   
l>ge liz>ds a light cov]+ ( compo4 ,no4 
,,ii may be employ$ ov] a h>d wrapp$    
core1 b is n s satisfactory z dry m\nt+ 
z ! sk9s ( liz>ds are wat]-pro( &       
consequ5tly d n all[ ( moi/ure          
evaporat+4 ,) c>e 9 application ! fir/  
m5tion$ me?od may be employ$ ^u ne>ly   
all liz>d specim5s ) mo/ satisfactory   
results4  ,alligators may be m\nt$ )    
wrapp$ legs & tail & /uff$ body1 l !    
small mammal me?od ) ! exception ( !    
head4  ,be sure to remove all ! jaw     
meat1 tongue1 & eye socket fat f !      
skulls ( liz>d specim5s4 ,replace tongue
 & o!r tissues ) color$ wax & cotton :5 
m\? is op5$4   ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,a  
,,small ,,cru/acean  ,a crawfi% or l&   
crab w s]ve z a typical m$ium = describ+
 ! me?od ( prep>+ specim5s ( ?is nature4
  ,:5 possible1 take notes ( ! liv+     
colors4  ,cru/aceans may be kill$ mo/   
h&ily ) *lor(orm4 ,place ! specim5 9 a  
l>ge m\!d bottle or o!r vessel t may be 
clos$ tightly4 ,p\r a little *lor(orm ^u

 a wad ( cotton & drop x into ! vessel )
 ! specim5 & close up tightly4  ,:5     
beg9n+ "w1 lay ! specim5 ^u its back & )
 a %>p scalpel loos5 ! l>ge ?orax plate 
ar\nd its edge & remove x c>efully )    
head & ant5nae left atta*$ intact4      
,sep>ate tail entire f body meat4 ,split
 x along fle%y "u side & remove muscles 
f x ) ! scalpel4  ,! legs w come ap>t & 
mu/ be kept 9 natural ord]4 ,if ! claws 
are l>ge & meaty1 cut a r\nd hole 9 "u  
side ( ?ick "p & scrape meat out4 ,apply
 ars5ic-wat] to all inn] surfaces4  ,cut
 wires ( suitable size = all ! legs4 ,h 
!m en\gh long] ?an ! legs s t a %>p5$   
end w protrude to run ?r\gh & cl9* 9 !  
body core4 ,pu% wires 9 full l5g? (     
legs4 7,fig4 #cj4 %[s ! details ( mak+ !
 body core ( f9e excelsior47 ,make !    
core ( a size to fit a little loosely   
into %ell ( body & tail4  ,illu/ration3 
,fig4 #cj4  ,set legs ^u core z %[n 9   
,fig4 #ca4 ,:5 ! legs are prop]ly       
an*or$1 cov] ! core ) en\gh ( compo4    
,no4 ,i4 s x w fit snugly into ?orax &  

tail %ells4 ,place ^! ^u ! core n[ &    
press !m accurately into position4      
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4  ,:atev] compo4
 squeezes out may be remov$ ) a bit (   
damp clo? or sponge4 ,position legs &   
tail approximately & wire ^u ! base4    
,set ! legs 9 _! p]man5t position1      
spread or close ! tail fan z desir$1    
arrange ! ant5nae1 & set ! specim5 9 a  
well v5tilat$ spot to dry4 ,t9t ) oil   
colors1 ?9n$ ) k]os5e z !y are us$1 lay+
 ! t9ts on ) s(t bru%es4  ,s&$ or       
gravel$ bo>d bases may be made = birds1 
turtles1 etc41 by apply+ a coat ( heavy 
%ellac to top & sides ( pieces1 cut to  
requir$ sizes & %apes1 & be=e ! %ellac  
has a *ance to dry1 ?r[+ s& or f9e      
gravel on =cibly or lay+ ! bo>ds 9 ! s& 
& pil+ s& ov] ! moi/ tops1 lett+ !m lay 
a few mom5ts be=e remov+ & %ak+ (f !    
loose s&4 ,all[ su* bases to dry        
?or\ghly be=e us+4     ,,prep>+ ,,&     
,,m\nt+ ,a ,,virg9ia ,,de] ,,head       
,,*apt] ,v  ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,a     
,,virg9ia ,,de] ,,head   ,well m\nt$    

trophies ( ! *ase are a s\rce ( delight 
to ! =tunate sportsman :o possesses !m4 
,antl]$ game heads t are m\nt$ true to  
life 9 =m & expression may g f> to      
beautify _m d9+ rooms1 d5s1 & hallways1 
enhanc+ ! arti/ic tone ( ! rooms 9 :i*  
!y are well plac$4  ,z 9 all taxid]my   
"w1 outl9e sket*es direct f ! fre%      
specim51 top & side views1 bo? be=e &   
aft] sk9n+1 are ( great value 9 m\nt+   
de] heads4  ,z 9 o!r specim5s1 de]      
scalps = m\nt+ %\ld be z fre% z         
possible4 ,if a scalp is to be kept = "s
 little "t be=e m\nt+ x %\ld be well    
salt$4  ,roll ! scalp up & lay ov] night
 to dra94 ,next day scrape (f ! fir/    
salt & rub 9 ano!r ?or\gh salt+4 ,keep !
 sk9 roll$ up to prev5t dry+ h>d until  
m\nt+ or s5t to ! tann]4  ,an ideal de] 
scalp includes ! neck sk9 entire to     
swell ( %\ld]s & brisket4 ,! incisions  
to be made = remov+ a de] scalp are %[n 
9 ,fig4 #cb4 ,a good %>p knife w be     
requir$ = peel+ ! sk9 f ! neck4         
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4  ,cut v        

c>efully up "u rim ( horn bases :5      
remov+ sk9 f ar\nd !m1 us+ c>e n to     
haggle edge ( sk94 ,use same c>e 9 sk9n+
 out ! face1 splitt+ lips & eyelids &   
sk9n+ out ! e>s z 9 small mammal        
specim54 ,remove ! e> c>tilages entire1 
aft] sk9n+ _! backs1 beg9n+ at ! ?ick   
top edge & proce$+ v c>efully1 look+ out
 n to te> op5 ! edges4  ,scalps may be  
m\nt$ raw or tann$4 ,! ideal way is to  
use a tann$1 ?9 p>$ scalp1 m\nt+ x )    
papi] ma*e ^u a model$ mannik94 ,! raw  
sk9 me?od is p]haps easie/ (            
application1 b 9 all ways is n z        
satisfactory z ! tann$ sk9 me?od4  ,=   
m\nt+ a de] scalp raw1 if salt$1 soak   
out ! salt by squeez+ ?r\gh two or ?ree 
ba?s ( cold1 weak c>bolic wat]4 ,dry !  
scalp ?or\ghly 9 f9e sawdu/1 rubb+ x    
into ! hair & repeat$ly %ak+ until all  
moi/ure is remov$4  ,) a small1 h>dwood 
p>+ beam1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #cc1 clamp$ to    
edge ( table1 & a %>p p>+ knife1 remove 
all fle% f inn] surface ( sk9 & peel out
 nose c>tilage4 ,leave ne>ly an in* (   

no/ril l9+ ar\nd ! op5+s4  ,illu/ration3
 ,fig4 #cc4  ,p>e all fle% f lips1 leav+
 a half or ?ree-qu>t]s in* ( ! l9+ all  
ar\nd !m4 ,split :ite eyelid l9+ free to
 edge & leave a qu>t] in* ( x all ar\nd 
! op5+s4 ,:5 sk9n+ out ! e>s keep !     
c>tilages = models4  ,poison all inn]   
surfaces ( ! clean$ sk9 ) ars5ic wat]   
bru%$ 9 well4 ,fold face1 wrong side    
out1 back ^u neck4 ,fold neck sk9 fle%  
to fle% ov] face1 roll ! scalp up1 hair 
side out1 & lay aside 9 cool place ov]  
"o night be=e m\nt+4 ,! mannik9 %\ld be 
prep>$ 9 "t s t ! sk9 w n h to lay wet =
 m ?an a day be=e m\nt+4  ,x is well to 
prep>e mannik9 be=e sk9 is poison$ s t  
sk9 may be us$ = fitt+ unless accurate  
outl9e /udies are at h&4 ,) ^! ! fitt+  
is n necess>y4  ,= raw-m\nt+ ! head1    
clean skull by boil+ 9 a deep pail until
 meat comes (f easily4 ,a little wa%+   
soda 9 ! wat] w help clean ! bone4 ,) a 
saw1 cut ?r\gh "u side ( bra9 cavity1   
l5g?wise on ea* side ( axis bone4 ,cut !
 loos5$ piece out ) a *isel & remove    

bra94  ,set ! skull ^u neck-bo>d (      
suitable l5g? 7ref] to /udies7 m\nt$ )  
screws ^u a cut out neck base-bo>d ( in*
 ?ick wood1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd4 ,fa/5    
skull to top ( neck bo>d ) nails driv5  
?r\gh holes drill$ ?r\gh ! bone4 ,if    
turn$ head is desir$1 make op5+ 9 "u    
side ( bra9 cavity wid] & nail skull at 
any desir$ angle ^u top ( neck bo>d4    
,screw ^u back ( neck base-bo>d a "o by 
?ree in* piece ) free end dropp+ a few  
in*es bel[ bottom ( base-bo>d s t head  
may be h&ily set 9 a vise4 ,?is w all[ y
 to get all ar\nd x & ! vise w hold x at
 any angle1 mak+ sew+1 etc41 easi]4     
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4  ,^u skull1 =  
jaw muscles1 & ^u neck bo>d wrap        
excelsior1 pack+ x h>d z y g along1 to  
requir$ natural size4 ,a raw sk9 w      
settle bett] 9 dry+ if neck is slightly 
small] ?an natural size4  ,to aid 9     
wrapp+ close & firm to edge ( neck      
base-bo>d1 drive a r[ ( small1 broad    
head$ nails half into ! edge1 two or    
?ree in*es ap>t all ar\nd & loop !      

w9d+-cord ov] ^! z ! wrapp+ proce$s4    
,drive ^! nails d[n :5 wrapp+ is        
complet$4 7,see ,fig4 #ce = f9i%$ wrapp$
 excelsior head1 ready = ! sk947        
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4  ,drop ! dry e>
 c>tilages into w>m wat]4 ,9 ?is !y w   
quickly rega9 _! natural %ape4 ,us+ !m z
 models make a pair ( duplicates ( !m ( 
?9 %eet lead :i* may be procur$ f a     
plumb] or h>dw>e deal]4 ,split into !   
base ( ! c>tilage s x may be spread z   
ne>ly flat z possible & lay on ! lead1  
draw+ ar\nd its outl9e ) a nail po9t4   
,cut out ! lead e>s ) a pair (          
metal-%e>s4 ,hamm] into natural concave 
%ape ) a bit ( heavy wood r\nd$ into a  
ball at "o end = ! purpose4 7,= details 
( e> mak+ see ,fig4 #cf74  ,illu/ration3
 ,fig4 #cf4  ,) ! sk9 & mannik9 9       
read9ess make up a bat* ( pla/] ( p>is 9
 ?9 glue wat]1 only en\gh glue /irr$ 9 s
 t x c b>ely be felt :5 ! f+]s are rubb$
 toge!r 9 ! wat]4 ,?is %\ld ret>d !     
pla/] sett+ = f f\r to six h\rs & give  
ample "t = f9i%+ ! de]'s face4 ,?is     

compo4 w set imm$iately if us$ 9 a sk9 t
 has be5 treat$ ) =maldehyde1 sulphuric 
acid1 or alum1 z ! glue becomes tann$ & 
impot5t by !m4  ,make ?is compo4 ?ick & 
/iff & mix into x "s *opp$ manila fib]4 
,= f9i%+ "o de] face & e>-butts ab\t a  
qu>t & a half ( ! compo4 %\ld be made4  
,?is %\ld cov] ! face ?9ly1 fill !      
e>-butts1 set ! eyes1 & fill nose & m\? 
details out4  ,9 beg9n+ ! sett+ ( !     
scalp into place1 cov] ! lead e>s ?9ly )
 ! compo4 & slip !m into ! e> sk9s4 ,!  
lead w h to be p>tly fold$ toge!r to    
accompli% ?is & spread aga9 :5 inside4  
,if edges ( e>s h be5 torn op5 9 sk9n+1 
sew !m up neatly f ! outside1 us+ a     
small r\nd ne$le & small ?read be=e !   
lead is plac$4  ,) ! c>tilages set1 fill
 ! e> butts ) compo41 squeez+ x out ^u !
 lead a little way t x may brace ! e>s  
:5 set f9ally4  ,set ! mannik9 9 ! vise 
= conv5i5ce4 ,cov] skull ) a ?9 lay] (  
compo4 :]e bone is expos$ & slip ! face 
sk9 into place4 ,hold ! scalp up n[ by  
ty+ a heavy cord "u ! jaw & beh9d !     

horns4 ,draw ! neck sk9 into place & tie
 x up ) a piece ( cord ab\t ! neck ne>  
base4 ,n[1 = bett] conv5i5ce 9 sew+1    
remove ! head f ! vise1 set front ( neck
 base on ! floor & lean ! antl]s aga9/ a
 *air seat1 back ( neck up4 ,draw corn]s
 ( antl] cuts toge!r back ( ! horns4    
,beg9 at "o horn & sew to jo9t ( ! ,y   
cut4 ,sew f ! o!r horn & !n cont9ue d[n 
! neck to ! base1 us+ m$ium /it*es &    
draw+ tight4 ,?is me?od ( sew+ a game   
head is ! only exception1 9 taxid]my1 to
 sew+ t[>d ! head4 ,= a raw scalp use a 
sail ne$le & wax$ ends4 ,= a tann$      
scalp1 a l>ge fur ne$le & /rong l954  ,)
 ! sew+ complet$1 turn to nail+ ! scalp 
to ! back-bo>d4 ,turn ! free edge ( sk9 
d[n ov] back ( bo>d & nail firmly ) %ort
 broad head$ nails s t :5 ! surplus is  
trimm$ (f a turn$ ov] edge ( sk9 two or 
?ree in*es wide w rema91 held snugly by 
nails set two in*es ap>t4 ,c\nt ^u f9i%+
 a raw head all up at "o g :5 us+ !     
pla/] compo4 ,?is is ! only compo4 :i* c
 be recomm5d$ to hold raw1 hair$ sk9s   

d[n1 z ! mat]ial mu/ set be=e ! sk9     
beg9s to dry & pull4  ,be=e turn+ to    
f9i%+ ! face1 unscrew ! hold+ piece f   
back ( neck-bo>d & nail up ! "p ( sk9's 
edge t x cov]$4 ,replace ! piece & set  
head 9 vise fac+ y4 ,p9* & mold ! e> sk9
 tightly ^u ! compo4 cov]$ lead & model 
! e>-butts into %ape firmly aga9/ !     
head4  ,run a /rong-?read$ fur ne$le1 ) 
l>ge knot at end ( ?read1 ?r\gh middle (
 upp] edge ( ea* lead e>4 ,draw e>s up  
to desir$ position & wrap ?read ar\nd a 
conv5i5t "p ( antl]s to hold until      
compo4 sets4 ,next loop a cord "u ea* e>
 at base ( c>tilage & tie ov] antl]s to 
hold l[] end ( c>tilage f sagg+ until   
set4 ,:5 e>s are f9i%$1 press face sk9  
into compo4 ^u skull & massage x d[n to 
hold firmly4  ,fill eyelids ?9ly inside 
flap ( l9+1 place a little compo4 9     
holl[ ( sockets1 & set eyes4            
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4  ,de] are      
usually q fle%y j ov] ! eyes4 ,place ?is
 fill+ be=e eyes are set4 ,also press a 
little compo4 into ! holl[s ( !         

suborbital gl&s & ) ! f+]s "w ^! fle%y  
eye details out r\ghly & f9i% ) a model+
 tool1 press+ ! slits ( suborbital gl&s 
9 deeply ) a ?ick-edg$ in/rum5t4 ,see t 
! face sk9 is work$ d[n firmly & smoo?ly
 cle> to ! nose4  ,fill nose & upp] lip 
& model !m into natural %ape4 ,la/ly1   
fill *9 & l[] lip4 ,tuck l[] lip up well
 "u upp] & model lips & *9 into prop]   
relation to ea* o!r4  ,if any compo4 has
 gott5 into ! hair wipe x out ) a damp  
sponge4 ,leave head 9 ! vise until      
compo4 is set & !n hang 9 a well        
v5tilat$ place to dry4 ,d n hang ne>    
/ove or radiator4  ,:5 ?or\ghly dri$    
out1 bru% du/ out ( hair & f9i% !       
eyelids1 no/rils1 etc41 ) wax & cotton1 
burn$ 91 same z giv5 = f9i%+ a small    
mammal4  ,if plac+ ! head ^u a %ield1   
use at lea/ f\r /rong screws ( a l5g? to
 g ne>ly ?r\gh ! two bo>ds4  ,= m\nt+ a 
de] scalp tann$1 ! prep>ation is v      
diff]5t4 ,scalps may be _h tann$ at a   
numb] ( reputable fur h\ses ?r\gh\t !   
c\ntry at a small co/4 ,to get be/      

results1 s5d scalps & rug-sk9s 9 to !   
tann] ) e>s sk9n$ out & eyelids & lips  
split & nose c>tilage p>$ out4 ,tann$   
scalps1 if kept f mo?s1 may be pres]v$  
unm\nt$ = a long "t4  ,:5 requir$ =     
m\nt+1 a tann$ scalp ne$ only be relax$ 
) wat] bru%$ or spong$ into ! fle% side 
&1 :5 s(t1 poison$ ) ars5ic-wat] & fold$
 toge!r1 fle% to fle%1 ov] "o night4  ,!
 process ( m\nt+ a tann$ scalp diff]s f 
! raw 9 t x is set up on a wire & pla/] 
%ell1 m c>efully %ap$ ?an ! excelsior   
=m4 ,! entire scalp is /uck d[n to !    
%ell ) compo4 ,no4 ,i rubb$ well into ! 
sk9 & ^u ! %ell4 ,! face & e>s are set &
 f9i%$ ) compo4 ,no4 ,,ii1 :i*1 z be=e  
/at$1 is ,no4 ,i ?ick5$ to ! consi/5cy (
 model+ clay ) pla/] ( p>is4 ,?is me?od 
gives mu* f9] & m p]man5t results4  ,=  
details ( pla/] & wire mannik91 see     
,fig4 #cg4 ,?is type ( %ell is made z   
foll[s3 ,set ! clean$ skull ^u neck-bo>d
 & back-bo>d same z = wrapp+ excelsior  
neck4  ,half-in* me% *ick5 wire w d1 if 
no free me% wire c be procur$1 = build+ 

! frame4 ,! wire neck is be/ plac$ 9    
halves4 ,! %ap+ w require consid]able   
cutt+ & neat manipulation ) p9c]s &     
hamm] & ty+ ) bits ( wire4 ,use /aple   
tacks to fa/5 wire to edge ( back-bo>d4 
,! wire %ell %\ld be small] ?an natural 
neck to all[ = coat ( pla/] & fib]4 ,=  
?is make up n m ?an half a wa% bas9 at a
 "t1 mix+ ! pla/] ) pla9 wat] 9 ! ord9>y
 way4 ,make ! bat*es middl+ ?ick1 en\gh 
s t x w n drizzle f ! wire4  ,pick a    
quantity ( fib] into small h&fuls4 ,to  
apply1 dip a film ( ! manila fib] into !
 pla/]1 drag x out ov] edge ( di% to    
remove surplus pla/]1 & apply to wire   
%ell4 ,"w fa/ en\gh to keep ahead (     
pla/] sett+4 ,wipe ea* application out  
smoo? z y g4 ,apply a ?9 coat1 v smoo?1 
all ov] ! skull & model on ! jaw muscles
 ) ! pla/] & fib]4  ,:5 pla/] is set1   
surface ! %ell & remove all inequalities
 by p>+ ) an ord9>y small but*]-knife4  
,all[ to ?or\ghly dry & apply a good    
coat ( m$ium ?9 %ellac4 ,h ?is type (   
mannik9 complet$1 dri$1 & %ellac$ be=e  

moi/5+ & prep>+ ! tann$ sk94  ,to prep>e
 mammal sk9s 9 ! field1 = transportation
 & keep+1 remove sk9s c>efully1 same z =
 imm$iate m\nt+4 ,salt ?or\ghly1 rubb+ 9
 well1 & roll up to dra9 ov] night4     
,next day %ake out ! fir/ salt1 :i* w be
 f\nd saturat$ ) juices1 rub fre% salt 9
 all ov]1 & roll up ov] ano!r night4 ,9 
?is condition small sk9s may be seal$ 9 
glass j>s or friction top t9s & kept    
damp ?us = "s "t4  ,to make a pres]v+   
pickle = keep+ sk9s wet1 boil salt 9    
wat] until heavie/ br9e possible to make
 is produc$4 ,add a tablespoonful (     
c>bolic acid to ! gallon :ile hot4 ,/ir 
well4 ,let ! solution cool ?or\ghly be=e
 subm]g+ sk9s 9 x4  ,sk9s %\ld always be
 put ?r\gh ! d\ble dry salt+ be=e go+   
into pickle4 ,keep 9 cov]$ e>!n j>s4  ,=
 mak+ up into rugs1 s5d animal sk9s to a
 good tann]1 fir/ sk9n+ out ! e>s & p>+ 
out lips & nose4  ,to make an op5-m\!d  
rug head1 use ! natural skull :5        
possible4 ,set ! jaws op5 solidly )     
pla/] ( p>is & at ! same "t lay a pla/] 

core betwe5 l[] jaw = ! artificial      
tongue4 ,set ! skull ^u a cut-out       
base-bo>d z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ch4            
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4  ,drive nails  
half 9 all ar\nd back & side edges ( ?is
 base-bo>d & wrap on fill+ ( excelsior =
 jaws & fl>e ( neck4 ,drive ! nails d[n 
tight aft] wrapp+ is complet$4  ,m\nt ! 
head be=e /ret*+ ! sk94 ,relax ! head ) 
wat] & poison same z de] scalp4  ,use   
pla/] & glue-wat] compo4 z 9 raw de]    
scalp4 ,if a sn>l+ expression is desir$1
 model ! wr9kles on ! muzzle ) an edg$  
wood5 tool4 ,tuck ! lip l9+ well "u !   
fill+1 s !y w hold 9 place :5 ! pla/] is
 set4 ,f9i% details ( face same z 9 o!r 
m\nt+4  ,f9i% ! tongue & gums by melt+  
color$ wax & cotton ^u core & bone ) hot
 iron1 model+ & c>v+ to %ape :5 cool4   
,aft] ! head is m\nt$ & set1 /ret* !    
sk94 ,moi/5 ! fle% side to s(t5 x up    
well4  ,nail d[n ! re> end ^u floor to  
its wide/ spread1 ) h9d legs po9t+ back 
on a slight slant4 ,draw ! sk9 =w>d &   
spread =elegs & front end to wide/ ext5t

 & nail d[n 9 accurate l9e ) h9d "p4 ,n[
 "w f side to side1 nail+ sk9 out to its
 wide/ ext5t & 9 symmetrical l9es4      
,always /ret* a rug-sk9 hair side d[n4  
,a slight wa% ( ars5ic-wat] may be      
appli$ aft] ! sk9 is /ret*$ & :ile yet  
moi/1 c>e be+ us$ n to mess ! hair ) !  
solution4  ,:5 dry1 ! sk9 is ready to   
l9e4 ,lay ! felt l9+ ^u ! floor & ! sk9 
^u x & cut ar\nd ! sk91 all[+ ?ree or   
f\r in*es = p9k$ edge4  ,) a p9k+ iron  
cut scallop$ edge & en\gh ( a n>r[ /rip 
to ga!r fully all ar\nd j inside ! out] 
edge4 ,lay sk9 on l9+ & m>k its edge )  
tailor's *alk4 ,sew ! ga!r$ edge j      
inside ?is *alk m>k s t ! /it* w be     
cov]$ by ! sk94  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4    
#ci4  ,quilt sk9 ^u ! l9+ ) a good lay] 
( cotton wadd+ betwe54 ,be sure & n draw
 d[n a bun* ( hair "u ea* loop4 ,tie !  
knots neatly on "u side4  ,fig4 #ci %[s 
incisions to make 9 remov+ a pelt = a   
symmetrical rug4 ,rug sk9s are be/ dri$ 
) no pres]vative :atev]4 ,9 dry+ sk9s1  
/ret* !m symmetrically & dry 9 ! %ade4  

,illu/ration     ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,a
 ,,coyote     ,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,prep>+ ,,&
 ,,m\nt+ ,a ,,coyote   ,?is me?od may be
 appli$ to specim5s f ! size ( a r$ fox 
or a bobcat up to a timb] wolf4 ,remove 
! sk9 & prep>e x 9 same way z t ( a     
small mammal = m\nt+4 ,:5 ! c>cass is   
b>$ 9 sk9n+1 measure ! gir? ( ! neck at 
middle & at base2 ( ! *e/ j beh9d !     
=elegs2 ! abdom5 at its middle2 !       
upp]-arm at middle2 ! =e>m j bel[ elb[2 
! ?igh at middle2 ! %ank j bel[ swell ( 
?igh muscles back ( knee1 & ! tail ne>  
its base4 7,see ,fig4 #dj =             
measurem5ts47  ,lay ! c>cass ^u a l>ge  
piece ( wrapp+ pap] & take an outl9e ( x
 complete1 bo? be=e & aft] sk9n+4  ,use 
same incisions & remove sk9 id5tically z
 9 small specim54 ,^u ! outl9e sket* (  
peel$ complete c>cass set d[n ! gir?    
measurem5ts 9 _! prop] places z tak5 ) !
 tape4 ,z 9 small] specim5s1 ^! outl9e  
sket*es w be f\nd ( great value z an aid
 to pres]v+ natural l9es 9 m\nt+4       
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4  ,wire ! leg   

bones same z 9 a small mammal1 us+ s(t  
iron rod ( suffici5t size to support !  
specim5 firmly4 ,9 our coyote a         
qu>t]-in* rod w be requir$4 ,9 a bobcat 
a ?ree-sixte5?s-in* rod w be l>ge en\gh 
to support /urdily4  ,b5d ! leg rods to 
fit ! jo9ts 9 position desir$4 ,cut !   
rods ( a l5g? s t six or eight in*es w  
protrude f ! feet & eight or t5 in*es w 
rema9 free above to an*or to ! body     
core4 ,b9d ! rods to ! leg-bones )      
/rong1 light cord1 do+ ! firme/ wrapp+  
ne> ! jo9ts4  ,work+ ov] ! body outl9e1 
cut a "o-in*-?ick bo>d core t w set well
 )9 ! outl9e4 7,see ,fig4 #da47         
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4  ,cut a        
neck-rod ( same size z = legs1 hav+ x   
twice z long z neck & head4 ,ne> "o end 
( ! neck-rod b5d a jog to hold well :5  
set ) pla/] ( p>is & *opp$ fib] into !  
bra9 cavity ( ! clean$ skull4  ,wrap !  
leg muscles ^u ! bones same z 9 a small 
specim51 except pull ! excelsior r smoo?
 = ! purpose in/ead ( roll+ x 9 ! palms4
 ,make ! ,a*illes t5don 9 same way &    

leave back ( ?igh (f to be /uff$4  ,:5 !
 pla/] to hold neck-rod 9 head is set1  
an*or ! skull by ! rod to ! core-bo>d 9 
prop] relation to ! body4 ,to d ?is1 run
 ! rod ?r\gh a hole drill$ ?r\gh ! bo>d1
 cl9* rod d[n =w>d & back ) a hamm] on  
anvil or vise1 & fa/5 ) /aples1 or drill
 a small hole ?r\gh core-bo>d ea* side (
 rod & tie ! rod d[n ) a /rong loop (   
wire twi/$ d[n ) ! pli]s4  ,wrap ! skull
 muscles on ) excelsior roll$ 9 palms ( 
h&s4 ,wrap a tail ( pull$ excelsior laid
 /raight along a wire mu* small] ?an is 
us$ 9 legs4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4   
,drill ! c5t]-bo>d = legs & tail z %[n 9
 ,fig4 #db1 :i* %[s g5]al assembl+      
details4 ,:5 ! legs1 head1 & tail are   
f9i%$1 pu% ! head & body-core into place
 9 ! sk91 %ove 9 ! legs & tail1 & wire !
 legs & tail fa/ 9 ! c5t]-bo>d same z   
head 0 fa/5$4  ,! rema9d] ( ! m\nt+ is  
accompli%$ 9 exactly ! same way z !     
fill+ & f9i%+ ( a small mammal specim51 
i4 e41 by /uff+ ! neck1 body1 & back (  
?ighs & f9i%+ ! face & feet ) a bat* (  

papi]-ma*e compo4 ,no4 #b4 ,if ! m\? is 
to be op51 foll[ directions giv5 = f9i%+
 an entire rug-head4  ,illu/ration3     
,fig4 #dc4  ,to hold 9 ! holl[ ( !      
flanks1 cut sev]al %ort1 /rong pieces ( 
wire1 %>p5 !m to cutt+ po9ts1 pu% !m    
?r\gh ! sk9 along l9e ( holl[ 9 front ( 
hip1 drive !m firmly into ! core-bo>d1 &
 !n1 ) cutt+ pli]s cl9* _! ends d[n to  
hold ! sk9 9 & cut (f surplus wire1     
pick+ ! fur out well to cov] !m4 7,see  
,fig4 #dc47  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4   
,to support ! compo4-fill$ e>s until set
 & dry1 drive a %>p5$ wire into ! head1 
?r\gh holl[ ( e>4 ,po9t ! wire 9        
direction e> is to lay or /& & betwe5 e>
 & wire lay a loose1 flat wad ( cotton  
or t[4 ,) a furri]'s ne$le & ?read take 
a n>r[ loop ?r\gh c5t] ( e> ne> tip &   
tie lightly ar\nd wire to hold until    
dry4 ,:5 dry remove ! ?read ) scissors &
 ! wires by a slight twi/ ) pli]s4      
,mammals ( ! sizes nam$ may be m\nt$ s  
skillfully by ?is me?od t !y _c be told 
f mannik9 specim5s4  ,specim5s ( ?is    

size ne$ n be entirely m\nt$ at "o      
sitt+4 ,prep>e ! sk91 wire & wrap ! legs
 & head1 & make ! c5t]-bo>d 9 "o day1   
assemble ! specim5 & place ! body fill+ 
! next day1 & make ! feet1 m\nt !       
specim51 & f9i% ! head ! ?ird day4  ,a  
little c>bolic acid 9 ! ars5ic-wat] w   
help keep ! sk9 f slipp+ ! hair4 ,also  
keep unf9i%$ p>ts wrapp$ 9 damp clo?s   
wrung f c>bolic acid wat]4              
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,end         99      
99       99       99       99           
,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! foll[+          
corrections h be5 made to ! text4  ,page
  #aj3 upho/]]'s to uphol/]]'s--"o      
uphol/]]'s regulator4 ,page  #ab3       
speical to special--y\r special tools4  
,page  #ba3 betw5 to betwe5--rump betwe5
 two4 ,page  #cb3 rightangle to "r      
angle--%ort "r angle b5d4 ,page  #cg3   
eyesockets to eye sockets--cotton ( !   
eye sockets4 ,page  #ii3 transportaion  
to transportation--= transportation &4  
,page #ajj3 ?or\ghy to ?or\ghly--cool   
?or\ghly be=e4   ,,out+ ,,publi%+       

,,company--,,new ,,york  ,illu/ration3  
,,out+ ,,h&books  ,! textbooks = outdoor
 "w & play  ,ea* book deals ) a sep>ate 
subject & deals ) x ?or\ghly4 ,if y want
 to "k any?+ ab\t ,air$ales an ,,out+   
,,h&book gives y all y want4 ,if x's    
,apple ,gr[+1 ano!r ,,out+ ,,h&book     
meets y\r ne$4 ,! ,fi%]man1 ! ,camp]1 ! 
,p\ltry-rais]1 ! ,automobili/1 !        
,horseman1 all v>ieties ( out-door      
en?usia/s1 w f9d sep>ate volumes = _!   
sep>ate int]e/s4 ,!re is no wa/e space4 
,! s]ies is bas$ on ! plan ( "o subject 
to a book & ea* book complete4 ,! au?ors
 are exp]ts4 ,ea* book has be5 specially
 prep>$ = ?is s]ies & all are publi%$ 9 
uni=m /yle1 flexible clo? b9d+4  ,two   
hundr$ titles are project$4 ,! s]ies    
cov]s all phases ( outdoor life1 f      
bee-keep+ to big-game %oot+4 ,among !   
books n[ ready or 9 prep>ation are ^?   
describ$ on ! foll[+ pages4  ,if y wi% =
 any in=mation on any outdoor subject n 
treat$ 9 "o ( ! foll[+ books write ,out+
 ,publi%+ ,co41 #ada-ade ,we/ #cf? ,/41 

,new ,york4      ,,price ,,sev5ty ,,c5ts
 ,,p] ,,vol4 ,,net1            ,,po/age 
#e;c4 ,,extra     ,,! ,,numb]s ,,make   
,,ord]+ ,,easy4  #a4 ,,ex]cise ,,&      
,,heal?1 by ,dr4 ,woods ,hut*9son4 ,dr4 
,hut*9son takes ! common-s5se view t !  
greate/ problem 9 ex]cise = mo/ ( u is  
to get en\gh ( ! "r k9d4 ,! greate/     
error 9 ex]cise is n to take en\gh1 & ! 
greate/ dang] 9 a?letics is 9 giv+ !m   
up4 ,he writes 9 a direct matt]-(-fact  
mann] ) an avoidance ( m$ical t]ms1 & a 
/rong emphasis on ! rational1 all-ar\nd 
mann] ( liv+ t is be/ calculat$ to br+ a
 man to a ripe old age ) little illness 
or consci\sness ( bodily weakness4  #b4 
,,camp ,,cook]y1 by ,horace ,keph>t4 ,! 
less a man c>ries 9 8 pack ! m he mu/   
c>ry 9 8 head1 says ,mr4 ,keph>t4 ,?is  
book tells :at a man %\ld c>ry 9 bo?    
pack & head4 ,e /ep is trac$--!         
selection ( provisions & ut5sils1 ) !   
k9d & quantity ( ea*1 ! prep>ation (    
game1 ! build+ ( fires1 ! cook+ ( e     
conceivable k9d ( food t ! camp outfit  

or woods1 fields or /reams may          
provide--ev5 to ! mak+ ( dess]ts4 ,e    
recipe is ! result ( h>d practice & long
 exp]i5ce4  #c4 ,,backwoods ,,surg]y ,,&
 ,,m$ic9e1 by ,*>les ,s4 ,moody1 ,m4 ,d4
 ,a h&y book = ! prud5t lov] ( ! woods  
:o doesn't expect to be ill b believes 9
 be+ on ! safe side4 ,common-s5se me?ods
 = ! treatm5t ( ! ord9>y w\nds &        
accid5ts are describ$--sett+ a brok5    
limb1 r$uc+ a dislocation1 c>+ = burns1 
cuts1 etc4 ,practical rem$ies = camp    
diseases are recomm5d$1 z well z !      
ord9>y indications ( ! mo/ probable     
ailm5ts4 ,includes a li/ ( ! necess>y   
m$ical & surgical supplies4  #d4 ,,apple
 ,,gr[+1 by ,m4 ,c4 ,burritt4 ,! v>i\s  
problems confront+ ! apple gr[]1 f !    
prep>ation ( ! soil & ! plant+ ( ! trees
 to ! m>ket+ ( ! fruit1 are discuss$ 9  
detail by ! au?or4  #e4 ,,! ,,air$ale1  
by ,williams ,haynes4 ,! book op5s ) a  
%ort *apt] on ! orig9 & developm5t ( !  
,air$ale1 z a di/9ctive bre$4 ,! au?or  
!n takes up ! problems ( type z be>+ on 

! selection ( ! dog1 bre$+1 tra9+ & use4
 ,! book is design$ = ! non-pr(essional 
dog fanci]1 :o wi%es common s5se advice 
:i* does n involve elaborate prep>ations
 or exp5diture4 ,*apt]s are includ$ on !
 c>e ( ! dog 9 ! k5nel & simple rem$ies 
= ord9>y diseases4  #f4 ,,!             
,,automobile--,its ,selection1 ,c>e &   
,use1 by ,rob]t ,sloss4 ,?is is a pla91 
practical discussion ( ! ?+s t e man    
ne$s to "k if he is to buy ! "r c> & get
 ! mo/ out ( x4 ,! v>i\s details (      
op]ation & c>e are giv5 9 simple1       
intellig5t t]ms4 ,f x ! c> own] c easily
 le>n ! me*anism ( 8 motor & ! art (    
locat+ motor tr\ble1 z well z h[ to use 
8 c> = ! greate/ pleasure4  #g4 ,,fi%+  
,,kits ,,& ,,equipm5t1 by ,samuel ,g4   
,camp4 ,a complete guide to ! angl] buy+
 a new outfit4 ,e detail ( ! fi%+ kit ( 
! fre%wat] angl] is describ$1 f rodtip  
to creel1 & clo?+4 ,special emphasis is 
laid on outfitt+ = fly fi%+1 b full     
in/ruction is also giv5 to ! man :o     
wants to cat* pick]el1 pike1            

muskellunge1 lake-tr\t1 bass & o!r      
fre%wat] game fi%es4 ,! approv$ me?od ( 
select+ & te/+ ! v>i\s rods1 l9es1      
lead]s1 etc41 is describ$4  #h4 ,,!     
,,f9e ,,art ,,( ,,fi%+1 by ,samuel ,g4  
,camp4 ,comb9e ! pleasure ( cat*+ fi% ) 
! gratification ( foll[+ ! sport 9 ! mo/
 approv$ mann]4 ,! sugge/ions (f]$ are  
helpful to beg9n] & exp]t angl]s4 ,!    
range ( fi% & fi%+ conditions cov]$ is  
wide & includes su* subjects z ,ca/+    
,f9e & ,f> ,(f1 ,/rip-,ca/+ = ,bass1    
,fi%+ = ,m\nta9 ,tr\t & ,autumn ,fi%+ = 
,lake ,tr\t4 ,! book is p]vad$ ) a _s ( 
love = ! /reamside & ! out-doors g5]ally
 :i* ! g5u9e angl] w appreciate4 ,a     
companion book to ,fi%+ ,kits &         
,equipm5t4  #i4 ,,! ,,horse--,its       
,bre$+1 ,c>e & ,use1 by ,david ,buffum4 
,mr4 ,buffum takes up ! common1 e-day   
problems ( ! ord9>y horse-us]s1 su* z   
fe$+1 %oe+1 simple home rem$ies1 break+ 
& ! cure = v>i\s equ9e vices4 ,an       
important *apt] is t trac+ ! influx (   
,arabian blood into ! ,engli% & ,am]ican

 horses & its value & limitations4 ,a   
di/9ctly s5sible book = ! s5sible man :o
 wi%es to "k h[ he c improve 8 horses & 
8 horseman%ip at ! same "t4  #aj4 ,,!   
,,motor ,,boat--,its ,selection1 ,c>e & 
,use1 by ,h4 ,w4 ,slauson4 ,! int5d+    
pur*as] is advis$ z to ! type ( motor   
boat be/ suit$ to 8 p>ticul> ne$s & h[  
to keep x 9 runn+ condition aft]        
pur*as$4  #aa4 ,,outdoor ,,signall+1 by 
,elb]t ,wells4 ,mr4 ,wells has p]fect$ a
 me?od ( signall+ by means ( wigwag1    
light1 smoke1 or :i/le :i* is z simple z
 x is effective4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple 
c be le>n$ 9 t5 m9utes & its application
 is f> easi] ?an t ( any o!r code n[ 9  
use4  #ab4 ,,tracks ,,& ,,track+1 by    
,josef ,brunn]4 ,aft] tw5ty ye>s (      
pati5t /udy & practical exp]i5ce1 ,mr4  
,brunn] c1 f 8 intimate k1 speak )      
au?ority on ?is subject4 ,tracks &      
,track+ %[s h[ to foll[ intellig5tly ev5
 ! mo/ intricate animal or bird tracks2 
h[ to int]pret tracks ( wild game &     
deciph] ! _m tell-tale signs ( ! *ase t 

w\ld o!rwise pass unnotic$2 to tell f ! 
footpr9ts ! "n1 sex1 spe$1 direction1   
:e!r & h[ w\nd$1 & _m o!r ?+s ab\t wild 
animals & birds4  #ac4 ,,w+ ,,&         
,,trap-,,%oot+1 by ,*>les ,ask9s4       
,conta9s a full discussion ( ! v>i\s    
me?ods1 su* z snap-%oot+1 sw+ &         
half-sw+1 discusses ! flight ( birds )  
ref]5ce to ! gunn]'s problem ( lead &   
range & makes special application ( !   
v>i\s po9ts to ! diff]5t birds commonly 
%ot 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,a *apt] is includ$ on
 trap %oot+ & ! book closes ) a =ceful &
 common-s5se pres5tation ( ! etiquette (
 ! field4  #ad4 ,,pr(itable ,,bre$s ,,( 
,,p\ltry1 by ,ar?ur ,s4 ,:eel]4 ,mr4    
,:eel] discusses f p]sonal exp]i5ce !   
be/-kn[n g5]al purpose bre$s4 ,advice is
 giv5 f ! /&po9t ( ! man :o desires     
results 9 eggs & /ock r ?an 9 specim5s =
 exhibition4 ,9 addition to a c>eful    
analysis ( /ock--good & bad--& "s       
conclusions reg>d+ h\s+ & managem5t1 !  
au?or writes 9 detail reg>d+ ,plym\?    
,rocks1 ,wy&ottes1 ,orp+tons1 ,rhode    

,isl& ,r$s1 etc4  #ae4 ,,rifles ,,&     
,,rifle ,,%oot+1 by ,*>les ,ask9s4 ,a   
practical manual describ+ v>i\s makes & 
me*anisms1 9 addition to discuss+ 9     
detail ! range & limitations 9 ! use ( !
 rifle4 ,treats on ! e /yle & make (    
rifle z well z _! use4 ,e type ( rifle  
is discuss$ s t ! book is complete 9 e  
detail4  #af4 ,,sport+ ,,fire>ms1 by    
,horace ,keph>t4 ,?is book is ! result (
 pa9/ak+ te/s & exp]im5ts4 ,practically 
no?+ is tak5 = grant$4 ,"p ,i deals ) ! 
rifle1 & ,"p ,,ii ) ! %otgun4 ,! man    
seek+ guidance 9 ! selection & use (    
small fire>ms1 z well z ! advanc$ /ud5t 
( ! subject1 w receive an unusual am\nt 
( assi/ance f ?is "w4  #ag4 ,,!         
,,ya*tsman',s ,,h&book1 by ,h]b]t ,l4   
,/one4 ,! au?or & compil] ( ?is "w is ! 
editor ( ,ya*t+4 ,he treats 9 simple    
language ( ! _m problems confront+ !    
amateur sailor & motor boatman4 ,h&l+   
gr\nd tackle1 h&l+ l9es1 tak+ s\nd+s1 ! 
use ( ! lead l9e1 c>e & use ( sails1    
ya*t+ etiquette1 are all giv5 c>eful    

att5tion4 ,"s light is ?r[n ^u !        
op]ation ( ! gasol9e motor1 & sugge/ions
 are made = ! avoidance ( eng9e tr\bles4
  #ah4 ,,scotti% ,,& ,,iri% ,,t]ri]s1 by
 ,williams ,haynes4 ,?is is a companion 
book to ,! ,air$ale1 & deals ) ! hi/ory 
& developm5t ( bo? bre$s4 ,= ! own] ( ! 
dog1 valuable in=mation is giv5 z to !  
use ( ! t]ri]s1 _! treatm5t 9 heal?1 _! 
treatm5t :5 sick1 ! pr9ciples ( dog     
bre$+1 & dog %[s & rules4  #ai4         
,,navigation ,,= ,,! ,,amateur1 by      
,capt4 ,e4 ,t4 ,morton4 ,a %ort treatise
 on ! simpl] me?ods ( f9d+ position at  
sea by ! obs]vation ( ! sun's altitude &
 ! use ( ! sextant & *ronomet]4 ,x is   
arrang$ especially = ya*tsm5 & amateurs 
:o wi% to "k ! simpl] =mul = ! necess>y 
navigation involv$ 9 tak+ a boat any:]e 
(f %ore4 ,illu/rat$4  #bj4 ,,outdoor    
,,photography1 by ,julian ,a4 ,dimock4  
,a solution ( all ! problems 9 cam]a "w 
out-(-doors4 ,! v>i\s subjects dealt )  
are3 ,! ,cam]a--,l5s & ,plates--,light &
 ,exposure--,developm5t--,pr9ts &       

,pr9t+1 etc4  #ba4 ,,pack+ ,,&          
,,portag+1 by ,dillon ,wallace4 ,mr4    
,wallace has br\ght toge!r 9 "o volume  
all ! valuable in=mation on ! diff]5t   
ways ( mak+ & c>ry+ ! diff]5t k9ds (    
packs4 ,! gr\nd cov]$ ranges f man-pack+
 to horse-pack+1 f ! use ( ! tump l9e to
 ?r[+ ! diamond hit*4  #bb4 ,,! ,,bull  
,,t]ri]1 by ,williams ,haynes4 ,?is is a
 companion book to ,! ,air$ale &        
,scotti% & ,iri% ,t]ri]s by ! same      
au?or4 ,its greate/ usefulness is z a   
guide to ! dog own] :o wi%es to be 8 own
 k5nel manag]4 ,a full acc\nt ( !       
developm5t ( ! bre$ is giv5 ) a         
description ( be/ types & /&>ds4        
,recomm5dations = ! c>e ( ! dog 9 heal? 
or sickness are includ$4  #bc4 ,,! ,,fox
 ,,t]ri]1 by ,williams ,haynes4 ,z 9 8  
o!r books on ! t]ri]1 ,mr4 ,haynes takes
 up ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ! bre$1 its types
 & /&>ds1 & ! m exclusive repres5tatives
 d[n to ! pres5t "t4 ,tra9+ ! ,fox      
,t]ri]--,8 ,c>e & ,k5nel+ 9 ,sickness & 
,heal?--& ! ,v>i\s ,uses to ,:i* ,he ,c 

,be ,put--are among ! phases h&l$4  #bd4
 ,,suburban ,,g>d5s1 by ,grace ,tabor4  
,illu/rat$ ) diagrams4 ,! au?or reg>ds !
 h\se & gr\nds z a complete unit & %[s  
h[ ! be/ results may be obta9$ by c>ry+ 
! read] 9 detail ?r\gh ! v>i\s phases ( 
design+ ! g>d51 ) ! levels & cont\rs    
necess>y1 lay+ out ! walks & pa?s1      
plann+ & plac+ ! arbors1 summ] h\ses1   
seats1 etc41 & select+ & plac+ trees1   
%rubs1 v9es & fl[]s4 ,ideal plans =     
plots ( v>i\s sizes are app5d$1 z well z
 sugge/ions = correct+ mi/akes t h be5  
made ?r\gh />t+ wrong4  #be4 ,,fi%+ ,,) 
,,float+ ,,flies1 by ,samuel ,g4 ,camp4 
,?is is an art t is comp>atively new 9  
?is c\ntry al?\gh ,engli% angl]s h us$ !
 dry fly = g5]ations4 ,mr4 ,camp has    
giv5 ! matt] special /udy & is "o ( !   
few ,am]ican angl]s :o really und]/&s ! 
matt] f ! selection ( ! outfit to ! l&+ 
( ! fi%4  #bf4 ,,! ,,gasol9e ,,motor1 by
 ,h>old ,:it+ ,slauson4 ,deals ) !      
practical problems ( motor op]ation4 ,! 
/&po9t is t ( ! man :o wi%es to "k h[ & 

:y gasol9e g5]ates p[] & some?+ ab\t !  
v>i\s types4 ,describes 9 detail !      
diff]5t p>ts ( motors & ! faults to :i* 
!y are liable4 ,also gives full         
directions z to repair & upkeep4  #bg4  
,,ice ,,boat+1 by ,h4 ,l4 ,/one4        
,illu/rat$ ) diagrams4 ,"h h be5 br\ght 
toge!r all ! available in=mation on !   
organization & hi/ory ( ice-boat+1 !    
build+ ( ! v>i\s types ( ice ya*ts1 f ! 
small #ae foot] to ! #fjj-;foot rac]1   
toge!r ) detail$ plans & specifications4
 ,full in=mation is also giv5 to meet ! 
ne$s ( ^? :o wi% to be able to build &  
sail _! own boats b are h&icapp$ by !   
lack ( prop] k z to j ! po9ts describ$ 9
 ?is volume4  #bh4 ,,mod]n ,,golf1 by   
,h>old ,h4 ,hilton4 ,mr4 ,hilton is !   
only man :o has ev] held ! amateur      
*ampion%ip ( ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$  
,/ates 9 ! same ye>4 ,?is book gives !  
read] s\nd advice1 n s mu* on ! m]e sw++
 ( ! clubs z 9 ! actual play+ ( ! game1 
) all ! factors t ent] into x4 ,he      
discusses ! use ( wood5 clubs1 ! *oice (

 clubs1 ! art ( approa*+1 & k9dr$       
subjects4  #bi4 ,,int5sive ,,f>m+1 by   
,l4 ,c4 ,corbett4 ,a discussion ( !     
mean+1 me?od & value ( int5sive me?ods 9
 agriculture4 ,?is book is design$ = !  
conv5i5ce ( practical f>m]s :o f9d      
!mselves "u ! necessity ( mak+ a liv+   
out ( high-pric$ l&4  #cj4 ,,practical  
,,dog ,,bre$+1 by ,williams ,haynes4    
,?is is a companion volume to           
,,practical ,,dog ,,keep+1 describ$     
bel[4 ,x goes at l5g? into ! fundam5tal 
que/ions ( bre$+1 su* z selection (     
types on bo? sides1 ! p]petuation (     
desirable1 & ! elim9ation ( undesirable 
qualities1 ! value ( prepot5cy 9 build+ 
up a desir$ bre$1 etc4  #ca4 ,,practical
 ,,dog ,,keep+1 by ,williams ,haynes4   
,mr4 ,haynes is well kn[n to ! read]s ( 
! ,,out+ ,,h&books z ! au?or ( books on 
! t]ri]s4 ,8 new book is some:at m      
ambiti\s 9 t x c>ries him into ! g5]al  
field ( selection ( bre$s1 ! buy+ &     
sell+ ( dogs1 ! c>e ( dogs 9 k5nels1    
h&l+ 9 b5* %[s & field trials1 & at     

consid]able l5g? into su* subjects z    
food & fe$+1 ex]cise & groom+1 disease1 
etc4  #cb4 ,,! ,,vegetable ,,g>d51 by   
,r4 ,l4 ,watts4 ,?is book is design$ = !
 small gr[] ) a limit$ plot ( gr\nd4 ,! 
read] is told :at types ( vegetables to 
select1 ! mann] ( plant+ & cultivation1 
& ! returns t may be expect$4  #cc4     
,,amateur ,,rodmak+1 by ,p]ry ,d4       
,fraz]4 ,illu/rat$4 ,a practical manual 
= all ^? :o want to make _! own rod &   
fitt+s4 ,x conta9s a review ( fi%+ rod  
hi/ory1 a discussion ( mat]ials1 a li/ (
 ! tools ne$$1 description ( ! me?od to 
be foll[$ 9 mak+ all k9ds ( rods1       
includ+ fly-ca/+1 bait-fi%+1 salmon1    
etc41 ) full in/ructions = w9d+1 v>ni%+1
 etc4  #cd4 ,,pi/ol ,,& ,,revolv]       
,,%oot+1 by ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,himmelwright4  
,a new & revis$ edition ( a "w t has    
already a*iev$ prom95ce z an accept$    
au?ority on ! use ( ! h& gun4 ,full     
in/ructions are giv5 9 ! use ( bo?      
revolv] & t>get pi/ol1 includ+ %oot+    
position1 grip1 position ( arm1 etc4 ,! 

book is ?or\ghly illu/rat$ ) diagrams & 
photographs & includes ! rules ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates ,revolv] ,association & a 
li/ ( ! records made bo? "h & abroad4   
#ce4 ,,pigeon ,,rais+1 by ,alice        
,mac,leod4 ,?is is a book = bo? fanci] &
 m>ket bre$]4 ,full descriptions are    
giv5 ( ! con/ruction ( h\ses1 ! c>e ( ! 
birds1 prep>ation = m>ket1 & %ipm5t1 ( !
 v>i\s bre$s ) _! m>k+s & *>act]i/ics4  
#cf4 ,,fi%+ ,,tackle1 by ,p]ry ,d4      
,fraz]4 ,illu/rat$4 ,x tells all !      
fi%]man ne$s to "k ab\t mak+ & ov]haul+ 
8 tackle dur+ ! clos$ season & gives    
full in/ructions = t\rnam5t ca/+ &      
fly-ca/+4  #cg4 ,,automobile ,,op]ation1
 by ,a4 ,l4 ,br5nan1 ,jr4 ,illu/rat$4   
,tells ! pla9 tru? ab\t ! little ?+s t e
 motori/ wants to "k ab\t 8 own c>4 ,d y
 want to cure ignition tr\bles8 ,ov]haul
 & adju/ y\r c>buret]8 ,keep y\r        
transmission 9 ord]8 ,get ! maximum we> 
out ( y\r tires8 ,d any o!r ( ! hundr$ &
 "o ?+s t are necess>y = ! greate/ use &
 enjoym5t ( y\r c>8 ,!n y w f9d ?is book

 useful4  #ch4 ,,! ,,fox ,,h\nd1 by     
,rog] ,d4 ,williams4 ,au?or ( ,horse &  
,h\nd4 ,illu/rat$4 ,! au?or is ! =emo/  
au?ority on fox hunt+ & foxh\nds 9      
,am]ica4 ,= ye>s he has kept ! foxh\nd  
/udbook1 & is ! f9al s\rce ( in=mation  
on all disput$ po9ts relat+ to ?is bre$4
 ,8 book discusses types1 me?ods (      
tra9+1 k5nel+1 diseases & all ! o!r     
practical po9ts relat+ to ! use & c>e ( 
! h\nd1 etc4  #ci4 ,,salt ,,wat] ,,game 
,,fi%+1 by ,*>les ,f4 ,hold]4 ,mr4      
,hold] cov]s ! :ole field ( 8 subject   
devot+ a *apt] ea* to su* fi% z ! tuna1 
! t>pon1 amb]jack1 ! sail fi%1 !        
yell[-tail1 ! k+ fi%1 ! b>racuda1 ! sea 
bass & ! small game fi%es ( ,florida1   
,porto ,rico1 ! ,pacific ,coa/1 ,hawaii1
 & ! ,philipp9es4 ,! habits & habitats (
 ! fi% are describ$1 toge!r ) ! me?ods &
 tackle = tak+ !m4 ,illu/rat$4  #dj4    
,,w9t] ,,camp+1 by ,w>wick ,s4 ,c>p5t]4 
,a book t meets ! increas+ int]e/ 9     
outdoor life 9 ! cold wea!r4 ,mr4       
,c>p5t] discusses su* subjects z %elt]  

equipm5t1 clo?+1 food1 sn[%oe+1 ski+1 & 
w9t] hunt+1 wild life 9 w9t] woods1 c>e 
( fro/ bite1 etc4 ,illu/rat$4  #da4     
99,,woodcraft ,,= ,,wom51 by ,mrs4      
,ka?r5e ,g$ney ,p9k]ton4 ,! au?or has   
sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 ! ,canadian woods &  
is ?or\ghly famili> ) ! subject f bo? ! 
mascul9e & fem99e po9t ( view4 ,%e gives
 s\nd tips on clo?+1 camp+ outfit1 food 
supplies1 & me?ods1 by :i* ! woman may  
adju/ h]self to ! outdoor environm5t4   
#db4 99,,small ,,boat ,,build+1 by ,h4  
,w4 ,patt]son4 ,illu/rat$ ) diagrams &  
plans4 ,a work+ manual = ! man :o wants 
to be 8 own design] & build]4 ,detail   
descriptions & draw+s are giv5 %[+ !    
v>i\s /ages 9 ! build+1 & *apt]s are    
includ$ on prop] mat]ials & details4    
#dc4 ,,read+ ,,! ,,wea!r1 by ,t4 ,morris
 ,long/re?4 ,! au?or gives 9 detail !   
v>i\s recogniz$ signs = diff]5t k9ds (  
wea!r bas$ prim>ily on ! mat]ial work$  
out by ! ,gov]nm5t ,wea!r ,bureau1 gives
 rules by :i* ! "* & duration ( /orms   
may be e/imat$1 & gives in/ructions =   

s5sible use ( ! b>omet]4 ,he also gives 
useful in=mation z to v>i\s wea!r       
av]ages = diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 at   
diff]5t times ( ! ye>1 & furni%es s\nd  
advice = ! camp]1 sportsman1 & o!rs :o  
wi% to "k :at !y may expect 9 ! wea!r   
l9e4  #dd4 ,,box+1 by ,d4 ,c4 ,hut*ison4
 ,practical in/ruction = m5 :o wi% to   
le>n ! fir/ /eps 9 ! manly art4 ,mr4    
,hut*ison writes f long p]sonal exp]i5ce
 z an amateur box] & z a tra9] ( o!r    
amateurs4 ,8 in/ructions are accompani$ 
) full diagrams %[+ ! approv$ bl[s &    
gu>ds4 ,he also gives full directions = 
tra9+ = condition )\t dang] ( go+ /ale f
 ov]tra9+4 ,x is ess5tially a book = !  
amateur4  #de4 ,,t5nis ,,tactics1 by    
,raymond ,d4 ,little4 ,out ( 8 /ore (   
exp]i5ce z a successful t5nis play]1    
,mr4 ,little has writt5 ?is practical   
guide = ^? :o wi% to "k h[ real t5nis is
 play$4 ,he tells ! read] :5 & h[ to    
take ! net1 discusses ! relative m]its (
 ! back-c\rt & volley+ game & h[ _!     
prop] balance may be a*iev$2 analyzes & 

appraises ! twi/ s]vice1 %[s !          
fundam5tal necessities ( successful     
d\bles play4  #df4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,play     
,,t5nis1 by ,james ,burns4 ,?is book    
gives simple1 direct in/ruction f !     
pr(essional /&po9t on ! fundam5tals ( ! 
game4 ,x tells ! read] h[ to hold 8     
racket1 h[ to sw+ x = ! v>i\s /rokes1 h[
 to /& & h[ to cov] ! c\rt4 ,^! po9ts   
are illu/rat$ ) photographs & diagrams4 
,! au?or also illu/rates ! c\rse ( !    
ball 9 ! progress ( play & po9ts out !  
positions ( greate/ safety & greate/    
dang]4  #dg4 ,,taxid]my1 by ,leon ,l4   
,pray4 ,illu/rat$ ) diagrams4 ,be+ a    
practical taxid]mi/1 ! au?or at once    
goes into ! "q ( selection ( tools &    
mat]ials = ! v>i\s /ages ( sk9n+1 /uff+ 
& m\nt+4 ,! subjects ^: h&l+ is describ$
 are1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! e-day ones1 su* z   
ord9>y birds1 small mammals1 etc41      
al?\gh adequate in/ructions are includ$ 
= m\nt+ big game specim5s1 z well z !   
prelim9>y c>e ( sk9s 9 hot climates4    
,full diagrams accompany ! text4  #dh4  

,,! ,,canoe--,,its ,,selection1 ,,c>e   
,,& ,,use1 by ,rob]t ,e4 ,p9k]ton4      
,illu/rat$ ) photographs4 ,) prop] use !
 canoe is "o ( ! safe/ crafts t floats4 
,mr4 ,p9k]ton tells h[ t /ate ( safety  
may be obta9$4 ,he gives full           
in/ructions = ! selection ( ! "r canoe =
 ea* p>ticul> purpose or set (          
conditions4 ,!n he tells h[ x %\ld be   
us$ 9 ord] to secure ! maximum ( safety1
 com=t & usefulness4 ,8 own lesson 0    
le>n$ among ! ,indians ( ,canada1 :]e   
paddl+ is a high art1 & ! use ( ! canoe 
almo/ z mu* a matt] ( c\rse z ! we>+ (  
moccas9s4  #di4 ,,horse ,,pack+1 by     
,*>les ,j4 ,po/4 ,illu/rat$ ) diagrams4 
,?is is a complete description ( !      
hit*es1 knots1 & app>atus us$ 9 mak+ &  
c>ry+ loads ( v>i\s k9ds on horseback4  
,its basis is ! me?ods foll[$ 9 ! ,we/ &
 9 ! ,am]ican ,army4 ,! diagrams are    
full & detail$1 giv+ ! v>i\s hit*es &   
knots at ea* ( ! important /ages s t ev5
 ! novice c foll[ & use !m4 ,x is ! only
 book ev] publi%$ on ?is subject ( :i*  

?is c\ld be said4 ,full description is  
giv5 ( ! ideal pack animal1 z well z a  
catalogue ( ! diseases & injuries to :i*
 su* animals are subject4  #ej4         
99,,le>n+ ,,to ,,swim1 by ,l4 de ,b4    
,h&ley4 ,illu/rat$4 ,con/ruct$          
especially = ! beg9n] :o has no k ( !   
fir/ /eps4 ,expla9s ! =mation ( !       
/rokes1 h[ to acquire confid5ce 9 ! wat]
 & gives full details z to ! v>i\s      
me?ods1 includ+ ^? us$ by exp]ts & rac+ 
swimm]s4  #ea4 99,,small ,,boat         
,,navigation1 by ,lieut4 ,com4 ,f4 ,w4  
,/]l+1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 ,retir$4 ,illu/rat$ )
 diagrams4 ,a complete description ( !  
in/rum5ts & me?ods necess>y 9 navigat+  
small boats 9 pilot wat]s1 on s\nd+s1 & 
(f %ore4 ,describes ! tak+ ( sights =   
position1 ! runn+ ( c\rses1 tak+ s\nd+s1
 us+ ! *>t1 plott+ compass c\rses1 etc4 
,sev]al *apt]s are giv5 ov] to !        
seaman%ip side ( navigation1 expla9+ !  
h&l+ ( small boats "u v>i\s conditions4 
#eb4 99,,t\r+ ,,afoot1 by ,dr4 ,c4 ,p4  
,=dyce4 ,illu/rat$4 ,?is book is design$

 to meet ! gr[+ int]e/ 9 walk+ trips &  
cov]s ! :ole field ( outfit & me?od =   
trips ( v>y+ l5g?4 ,v>i\s /&>d camp+    
devices are describ$ & outfits are      
prescrib$ = all conditions4 ,x is bas$  
on ! assumption t ! read] w want to c>ry
 on 8 own back ev]y?+ t he requires = ! 
trip4  #ec4 ,,! ,,m>9e ,,motor1 by      
,lieut4 ,com4 ,f4 ,w4 ,/]l+1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n4
 7,ret474 ,illu/rat$ ) diagrams4 ,?is   
book is ! product ( a wide exp]i5ce on !
 eng9e]+ /aff ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy4  
,x gives c>eful descriptions ( ! v>i\s  
p>ts ( ! m>9e motor1 _! relation to !   
:ole & _! me?od ( op]ation2 x also      
describes ! common] tr\bles & sugge/s   
rem$ies4 ,! pr9cipal types ( eng9es are 
describ$ 9 detail ) diagrams4 ,! object 
is prim>ily to give ! novice a good     
work+ k ( 8 eng9e1 its op]ation & c>e4  
#ed4 99,,! ,,beg9n]',s ,,bee ,,book1 by 
,frank ,c4 ,pellett4 ,illu/rat$4 ,?is   
book is design$ prim>ily = ! small scale
 bee f>m]4 ,x discusses ! diff]5t       
v>ieties ( bees & _! adaptability to    

diff]5t conditions1 ! con/ruction (     
hives1 c>e & fe$+ at v>i\s times ( !    
ye>1 h&l+ ( bees1 & ! types ( locations 
& fe$ mo/ suitable = bee culture4  #ee4 
99,,! ,,po9t]1 by ,williams ,haynes4    
,conta9s *apt]s on ! hi/ory & developm5t
 ( ! bre$1 selection ( dog1 bre$+1      
k5nel+1 & tra9+4 ,also conta9s in=mation
 on common s5se rem$ies = ord9>y        
diseases4  #ef4 99,,! ,,sett]1 by       
,williams ,haynes4 ,! au?or takes up !  
orig9 & hi/ory ( ! bre$1 its developm5t1
 bre$+1 k5nel+1 & tra9+4 ,he also       
discusses ! v>i\s diseases to :i* !y are
 subject & treatm5t !re=4  #eg4         
99,,practical ,,bait ,,ca/+1 by ,l>ry   
,/4 ,john4 ,illu/rat$4 ,?is book deals )
 tackle & me?ods us$ 9 cat*+ black bass4
 ,x is bas$ ^u a wide & v>i$ exp]i5ce 9 
! middle ,we/1 :]e m bass fi%+ is done  
?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! c\ntry4  ,,all     
,,outdoors4 ,a mon?ly magaz9e ( !       
outdoors t is made = outdoor m5 & wom54 
,%ort1 meaty1 to-!-po9t articles tell ! 
h[ ( liv+ & play+ 9 ! op5--:e!r hunt+1  

fi%+1 canoe+1 camp+1 ice boat+1 ski+1   
swimm+1 %oot+ at ! traps1 or any o!r    
outdoor sport4 ,! adv5ture /ories &     
fiction are ! k9d t anyone ) r$ blood   
likes to read4 ,9 addition to ! great   
numb] ( articles & /ories 9 ,,all       
,,outdoors is a feature t alone makes ! 
magaz9e wor? its price--pictures4 ,! be/
 ( outdoor pictures are us$ to illu/rate
 x4 ,& ea* picture has a long caption ( 
concise in=mation4 ,,all ,,outdoors is a
 magaz9e t n only radiates ! _s ( !     
woods & fields1 /reams & riv]s1 b x     
tells y h[ to enjoy all ^! to ! fulle/4 
#ae c5ts a copy4 #a4jj a ye>4  ,,ya*t+4 
,an illu/rat$ mon?ly magaz9e devot$ to !
 int]e/ ( ! man :o loves ! wat]--sail+ &
 motor boat+4 ,x is writt5 & edit$ by   
practical m5 :o h done ! ?+s ab\t :i* !y
 write1 if x be a cruise to ,labrador1  
sail+ an ocean race or tell+ h[ to put a
 gasol9e eng9e toge!r4 ,"u & ?r\gh all  
o!r features ( ,,ya*t+ is ! call ( !    
wat]--! brac+1 irresi/ible appeal t has 
drawn m5 (f %ore s9ce ! fir/ cockle-%ell

 0 set afloat4 ,once y h he>d & answ]$ x
 y w "k :y a sailor once is a sailor    
always--& y w "k also :y ,,ya*t+ %\ld   
int]e/ y4 ,! mo/ beautiful ya*tsman's   
magaz9e4 #ae c5ts a copy4 #a4ge a ye>4  
,,out+4 ,= m ?an ?irty ye>s ! ,,out+    
magaz9e has be5 ! great outdoor         
publication ( ,am]ica4 ,its contributors
 are national exp]ts 9 _! respective    
fields4 ,its articles are recogniz$ z ! 
la/ ^w on ! subject !y treat4 ,its range
 is compreh5sive1 cov]+ ! entire outdoor
 realm f g>d5+ to aviation4 ,9 e subject
 t x t\*es1 :e!r x be fi%+1 hunt+1      
golf+1 college sports1 ! c\ntry home1   
sail+1 automobil+1 dogs or horses1 its  
aim is accuracy plus int]e/4 ,e numb]   
comb9es ! solid value ( sob] fact ) !   
allur+ ?rill ( my/]y & adv5ture t /ill  
beckons u to ! out-(-doors4 #c4jj a ye>1
 #be;c4 a copy4