,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,a ,weekly ,journal for ,,the ,,farm1 ,,orchard1 ,,and ,,fireside4 ,,established ,,in #ahda4 ,,entire ,,series3 ,,vol4 #ef--,,no4 #d4 ,,chicago1 ,,saturday1 ,,january #bf1 #ahhd4 ,,price1 #b4jj ,,per ,,year1 ,,in ,,advance4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,the ,table of ,contents was originally located on page #ef of the periodical4 ,it has been moved here for ease of use4 ,,the ,,contents ,,of ,,this ,,number4 ,,agriculture--,raising ,onions1 ,page #di2 ,royalist #c;d1 #dejj1 #di2 ,illinois ,tile-,makers' ,convention1 #ej-ea2 ,better ,management ,needed1 #ea2 ,seed ,corn from ,south1 #ea2 ,field and ,furrow ,items1 #ea4 ,,live ,,stock--,items1 ,page #eb2 ,herd ,books and ,records1 #eb2 ,competing for ,sweepstake ,prizes1 #eb2 ,raising ,young ,mules1 #eb4 ,,the ,,dairy--,wisconsin ,dairymen1 ,page #ec4 ,,veterinary--,impaction of the ,paunch1 ,page #ec2 ,,horticulture--,lessons of #ahhc1 ,page #ed2 ,illinois ,hort4 ,society1 #ed2 ,diogenes in ,his ,tub1 #ed-ee2 ,possibilities of ,cherry ,growing1 #ee2 ,prunings1 #ee4 ,,floriculture--,gleanings by an ,old ,florist1 ,page #ee4 ,,editorial--,items1 ,page #ef2 ,the ,cost of ,cold ,winds1 #ef2 ,good ,work at ,washington1 #ef-eg2 ,wisconsin ,meetings1 #eg2 ,answers to ,correspondents1 #eg2 ,wayside ,notes1 #eg2 ,letter from ,champaign1 #eg4 ,,poultry ,,notes--,chicken ,chat1 ,page #eh2 ,chicken ,houses1 #eh2 ,items1 #eh4 ,,forestry--,items1 ,page #ei4 ,,scientific--,official ,weather ,wisdom1 ,page #ei2 ,a ,remarkable ,electrical ,discovery1 #ei2 ,items1 #ei4 ,,household--,christian ,charity 7,poetry71 ,page #fj2 ,items1 #fj2 ,the ,night ,cap1 #fj2 ,how to ,treat a ,boy1 #fj2 ,pamphlets1 ,etc41 ,received1 #fj2 ,compiled ,correspondence1 #fj4 ,,young ,,folks--,jule ,fisher's ,rescue1 ,page #fa4 ,,literature--,between the ,two ,lights1 ,poem1 ,page #fb2 ,the ,two ,overcoats1 #fb4 ,,humorous--,bait of the ,average ,fisherman1 ,page #fc2 ,whose ,cold ,feet1 #fc2 ,changed ,relations1 #fc2 ,it ,makes a ,difference1 #fc2 ,items1 #fc4 ,question ,answered1 #ec4 ,,news ,,of ,,the ,,week--,page #fd4 ,,markets--,page #fd4 ,,raising ,,onions4 ,there are two causes of failure to make this crop uncertain4 ,one is because the soil is not kept clear of weeds1 and the other is that it is not properly enriched4 ,to raise a good crop of onions requires a light1 loamy soil1 worked into as fine a condition as possible1 to render cultivation easy4 ,the greater part of the preparation should be done in the fall1 and especially the application of the manure4 ,well rotted manure is the best1 and that which is free from grass1 oats1 or weed seeds1 should always be selected4 ,of course1 if the manure is properly rotted the vitality of the larger portion of the seed in it will be killed1 but unless this is done it will render the cultivation much more difficult4 ,stiff1 clayey1 or hard1 poor land can be made a great deal better for the onion crop by a heavy application of ashes or well rotted bagasse4 ,i prefer to apply ashes as a top dressing in the spring1 working it in the surface1 as ,i find by experience that they are not only valuable as a fertilizer when used in this way1 but are also of great benefit in keeping down the weeds4 ,a plot of ground that is seeded with crab-grass should not be selected1 as the pulling up of the grass injures the growth of the onions4 ,onions feed near the surface2 in fact1 the larger portion of the bulb grows on top of the soil1 and as a natural consequence the plant food should be well worked in the surface4 ,of course it is too late now to talk about fall preparation4 ,if we want a crop of onions from seed this spring1 whatever preparation there is must be done between now and seeding4 ,i should plow or spade up the soil as soon as possible1 if there is a thaw out either the last of this or any part of next month4 ,if you can save up and rot a supply of poultry manure and leaves1 you can have the very best manure for a good onion crop4 ,another important point in raising a good crop of onions is to have good seed and sow it early4 ,the first favorable time in the spring must be taken advantage of1 if you would have the best success with your crop4 ,as good seed is necessary in any crop1 so it is with onions4 ,test your seed before risking your entire crop1 as by the time you plant once and fail1 and procure seed and plant again1 it will be too late to make a good crop4 ,i always take advantage of the first chance in ,march to sow my onion seed4 ,we usually have a few warm days sometime about the middle of the month when this work can be done4 ,of course ,i do not say that this is the case every year4 ,the first favorable opportunity should be taken advantage of1 is what ,i want to impress upon those who expect to make a crop2 let this time come when it will1 any time early in the spring4 ,if the ground has been plowed or spaded well during the winter1 a good harrowing or raking should be given4 ,if you have the poultry manure1 now is the best time to apply it1 working it on top of the soil with a rake4 ,if you have not the poultry manure and have ashes1 give a good strong dressing of ashes1 raking evenly over the surface4 ,mark off in drills twelve inches apart1 and not more than one inch deep2 lay off the drills as narrow and as straight as possible1 and then drill the seed evenly4 ,try to keep them in a straight row1 as it will aid much in the cultivation4 ,cover lightly1 but press the soil firmly upon the seed4 ,they will withstand considerable cold1 damp weather before rotting4 ,last year ,i sowed my onion seed on the #bc;d of ,march2 the next ten days were cold1 rainy1 dark1 dismal days1 with two or three freezes4 ,yet my onions came up all right and made a good crop4 ,as soon as the shoots make their appearance above the ground a good raking with a fine steel rake can be given4 ,this will give them a good start and destroy the young weeds that will begin to make their appearance at the same time4 ,after the onions start to grow1 cultivation is the making of the crop1 and the cleaner they are kept and the oftener the surface is stirred the better will be the crop4 ,as to varieties1 the old ,red ,wethersfield and the ,danvers ,yellow are my favorites4 ,the ,yellow ,strasburg is a good yellow variety1 and there are quite a number of others that are good4 ,in cultivating ,i keep the surface level1 as they do better if kept in this way than if they are hilled up4 ,thin out so that the plants do not crowd each other--they should stand two or three inches apart--if you want large onions at maturity4 ,n4 ,j4 ,,shepherd ,,miller ,,co41 ,,mo4 ,,royalist #c;,d1 #dejj4 ,illustration3 ,royalist #crd #dejj ,elmwood ,stock ,farm ,,property ,,of ,,col4 ,c4 ,f4 ,,mills1 ,,springfield1 ,,illinois4 ,the bull ,royalist #c;d1 #dejj1 here portrayed1 stands at the head of the superb ,jersey herd owned by ,col4 ,charles ,f4 ,mills1 ,springfield1 ,illinois4 ,he was bred by ,mr4 ,samuel ,stratton2 dropped ,december #ac1 #ahgh2 got by imp4 ,royalist #bijf2 dam imp4 ,nelly #fdef4 ,royalist #bijf received the first prize over all ,jersey in #ahgg2 first prize and silver cup at ,st4 ,saviour's ,show in #ahgg2 first prize at the great ,st4 ,louis ,fair as a three-year-old1 and grand sweepstakes at ,st4 ,louis ,fair in #ahgi as the best ,jersey bull of any age4 ,her sire1 ,duke 7#gf71 won first prize over the ,island1 ,herd ,book ,parochial prize1 and first ,herd ,book prize at ,royal ,jersey ,show in #ahge4 ,merry ,boy 7#fa71 ,i4 ,h4 ,b41 grandsire of ,royalist #bijf1 won first prize at ,st4 ,mary's ,show in #ahgd4 ,stockwell ,,ii 7#bd71 ,i4 ,h4 ,b41 great-great-grandsire of ,royalist #bijf1 won third prize over the ,island and second ,herd ,book prize at the ,royal ,jersey ,show1 #ahga2 the bronze medal at the ,channel ,island ,exhibition in #ahga1 and third prize at the ,royal ,jersey ,show in #ahgb4 ,nelly1 the dam of ,royalist #c;d1 #dejj1 has produced #ba pounds of butter in seven days since importation1 and ,mr4 ,stratton is authority for the statement that she received the special prize at the ,farmers' ,club1 ,island of ,jersey1 for the best butter cow1 having made #af pounds ,jersey weight of #ah ounces to the pound1 or #ah avoirdupois pounds1 in seven days4 ,her sire1 ,lemon 7#agj71 is the grandsire of ,mr4 ,c4 ,easthope's celebrated ,nancy ,lee #gfah 7test #ie lbs4 #c-a_/b oz4 unsalted butter in #ca days71 and ,daisy of ,st4 ,peters #ahage 7test #bj lbs4 #e-a_/b oz4 unsalted butter in seven days74 ,taking all things into consideration1 we doubt if there is a better ,jersey bull in the world than ,royalist #c;d4 ,certainly he has no superior in this country4 ,mr4 ,mills' ,jersey herd is a model in all respects1 and the popular chief clerk in the ,state ,agricultural rooms may well be proud of it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,northwestern ,importers' and ,breeders' ,association1 ,minneapolis1 ,minn41 have bought #bj1jjj worth of ,fresian stock of the ,unadilla ,company1 ,west ,edmeston1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,agricultural ,farmers1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,illinois ,tile-,makers' ,convention4 ,,business ,,of ,,the ,,year4 7,continued from last week47 ,an interesting feature of the proceedings of the ,tile-,makers' ,convention was the brief reports of members regarding their business last year4 ,about forty manufacturers reported4 ,in the majority of cases the demand has been fair2 in a few very brisk2 in quite a number it was said that sales could be made only at a reduction in prices4 ,it was easy to see that in some sections of the ,state the work of tile-making was overdone1 that is1 the supply is in excess of the demand4 ,it was the general expression that prices could not be greatly reduced and leave a reasonable profit to the manufacturer4 ,,how ,,to ,,increase ,,the ,,demand was the question this year4 ,last year at this convention the talk was upon ,how shall we supply the demand8 ,the answers to the question of how to increase the demand were various4 ,some advocated a rigid adherence to fair living prices1 and thus teach farmers that it is useless to wait for cheaper tile2 make a first-class article and the cheap tile that is hurting the trade will be forced out of the market4 ,there was a general advocacy of a wider dissemination of a knowledge of the benefits of drainage4 ,show farmers and fruit-growers that they can add new acres to their farms1 and take from tiled land a sufficiently increased yield the first year to pay for tiling1 and that their land is worth more dollars per acre after tiling than the expense amounts to1 and the demand will multiply many fold4 ,teach the farmers how to lay their drains properly1 so that no disappointment will result1 and every acre drained will advertise the profits from drainage4 ,circulate facts in regard to drainage as contributed to the agricultural papers1 and even the newspapers4 ,subscribe for these papers and distribute them4 ,circulate the essays read at tile-makers' conventions4 ,talk drainage everywhere and at all times4 ,these were among the means sensibly advocated for increasing the demand for tile4 ,,winter ,,tile-,,making4 ,it is but recently that the manufacture of tile has been carried on in winter1 but now many establishments are running the year round4 ,it was not claimed that the business can be prosecuted as advantageously in winter as in summer4 ,but it gives employment to men1 and the manufactories are thus enabled to keep skilled labor always on hand4 ,it was thought that though the profits are small it is really better to run in winter where there is a demand for tile4 ,in most cases it is better to make brick a portion of the year4 ,there is always a demand for good brick at paying prices4 ,if it will not pay to produce all tile1 or so much tile as may be turned out1 this will afford relief and keep the machine in motion4 ,,tile ,,machinery4 ,mr4 ,billingsby1 whose position allows him an excellent opportunity of judging1 said there has been rapid improvement in the machinery for tile-making4 ,great advance has been made in machines for preparing clay1 especially in the rapidity of handling it4 ,the buildings for drying tile were a great deal better than five years ago4 ,the means of ventilation are becoming excellent4 ,the kilns are better and can be more satisfactorily managed4 ,there is yet need for a cheaper tile factory--one where the investment of only a few hundred dollars will answer4 ,,protecting ,,drains4 ,it was generally conceded that it is best to have some device at the end of the drains to keep out rabbits1 water animals1 etc4 ,wires stretched across did pretty well but must be carefully looked after to clear away the roots and refuse that come through the drains4 ,two or three devices to take the place of wire were exhibited and were generally thought to be greatly superior4 ,,open ,,ditches4 ,an interesting feature of this convention was the introduction1 for the first time1 of the discussion of tile ditching by machinery in a paper prepared by ,hon4 ,f4 ,plumb1 of ,streator1 ,ill4 ,mr4 ,plumb has been experimenting for several years with tile ditches1 using both animal and steam power4 ,he gave it as his conclusion that the machine of the future would be a machine that would perfect the ditch by one passage over the ground4 ,he has perfected and is now manufacturing a steam power machine1 at ,streator1 ,ill41 which is spoken of very highly by all who have seen it at work in the field4 ,mr4 ,plumb claims that the machine will cut twenty rods of three-foot ditch in an hour1 and give a grade and finish to the bottom of the ditch equal to the very best hand work4 ,the capacity of the machine is varied to any depth up to four feet1 and for any sized tile up to nine-inch4 ,two men can operate the machine4 ,the cost of cutting ditches1 laying and covering tile is reduced to about ten cents per rod4 ,he has already sold several of his machines1 and is to be congratulated on the success he has attained in securing a good tile ditcher4 ,we can conceive of no one thing that will conduce to the sale and use of tile so much as such a machine as the ,plumb ,steam ,tile ,ditcher4 ,the machine is indorsed by ,c4 ,g4 ,elliott1 of ,tonica1 ,drainage ,engineer2 by ,mr4 ,pike1 ,president of the convention1 and others who have seen it at work in the field4 ,,laying ,,tile ,,by ,,machinery4 ,there was nothing among the devices exhibited at this convention that attracted more attention or received more favorable private comment than a model of ,chamberlin ,brothers' ,patent ,apparatus for ,tiling4 ,the model only was shown1 but working machines are in operation in ,iowa1 and they are giving excellent satisfaction1 as attested by such men as ,thos4 ,b4 ,wales1 ,jr41 of ,iowa ,city1 and ,daniel ,h4 ,wheeler1 ,secretary of the ,nebraska ,state ,board of ,agriculture4 ,the apparatus is upon the old principle of the mole ditcher requiring the same capstan power4 ,one team is sufficient to run it4 ,the apparatus is composed of a beam or sill1 horizontal in position1 and a coulter seven feet long at the rear end of the beam1 and perpendicular to it a spirit level attached to the beam1 aids in regulating4 ,the coulter can be run anywhere from one to five feet deep4 ,the front end of the beam is provided with a mud or stone boat to prevent sinking in the mud1 and with a jack screw for regulating on uneven ground4 ,attached to it1 and following the mole1 is a carrier #bjj feet long1 made concave in form4 ,on this the tile are laid and carried into the ground4 ,a start is made at an open ditch or hole of required depth2 when the carrier is drawn in full length a hole is dug just back of the coulter1 two by three feet1 down to the tile1 a stop placed in front of the tile1 the machine is started which draws the carrier from under the tile1 when it is again located as before1 and so on4 ,different sized moles are used according to the size of the tile to be laid4 ,any one can easily count up the advantages of this mode of laying tile1 provided the machine can do the work it is claimed to do1 and of this there seems to be no question1 if we may believe the testimony of those who have seen it in operation4 ,,drainage ,,laws4 ,the following by ,senator ,whiting1 of ,bureau county1 was read by the ,secretary3 ,illinois is a good ,state as nature made her1 and drainage is destined to add wealth almost inestimable4 ,drainage enterprises are everywhere seen--in extent from the small work beginning and ending in the same field1 to the levees of ,sny ,carte1 and the canal-like channels through the ,winnebago swamps4 ,drainage is naturally divided into two classes3 #a4 ,individual drainage1 where the land-owner has his own outlet independent of others4 #b4 ,combined drainage where one can not drain without joining with others4 ,the smallest of these combined works is where two only are concerned4 ,the ,hickory ,creek ditch now in progress in ,bureau and ,henry counties is thirteen miles long1 has a district of about #ae1jjj acres1 owned by over seventy-five persons4 ,this combined drainage partakes of the nature of public works4 ,for this class the constitution has been twice amended1 and many elaborate laws have been enacted4 ,these laws have had their vicissitudes1 and are not yet free from complications4 ,the first drainage legislation commenced forty years ago1 by a special act1 to drain some wet lands near ,chicago4 ,in #ahei two special acts were passed for lands on the ,american bottoms4 ,in #ahfe a general act was passed4 ,all these enactments were under the constitution of #ahdh which was silent on drainage1 and the courts annulled most of these as unconstitutional4 ,in #ahgj the new constitution was framed containing a brief provision on drainage4 ,the late ,mr4 ,browning1 a leading member of that convention1 drafted a drainage bill which was enacted into a law without change4 ,large enterprises were organized and got well started2 but again some complaining person appealed to the courts1 and this law too1 was declared too big for the constitution4 ,the constitution was then enlarged to meet if possible1 the views of the court4 ,two elaborate laws on the main question were passed in #ahgi1 and these with several amendments since made rest undisturbed on the statutes4 ,one of these is generally known as the levee law1 and the other as the farm drainage act4 ,they cover nearly the same subject matter1 and were passed to compromise conflicting views4 ,these laws relate to combined drainage4 ,individual drainage was not discussed4 ,as the law does not undertake to define how deep you may plow or what crop you shall raise1 so it was thought unnecessary to make any provisions about the drainage of your own land4 ,,court ,,decision4--,to the public surprise the ,appellate court at ,ottawa in two decisions pronounced individual drainage unlawful4 ,as this decision is notable1 and the subject of controversy1 its history should be known4 ,in #ahgf1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,pilgrim1 of ,bureau county1 laid about sixty rods of two-inch tile up a slight depression in his corn-field1 discharging the same under a box culvert in the public road4 ,this depression continued into a pasture field of ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,mellor1 of ,stark county1 about eighteen rods to a running stream4 ,mr4 ,mellor sued ,mr4 ,pilgrim for trespass1 and the case was twice tried successively in the circuit courts of ,stark and ,bureau counties4 ,the juries each time decided for ,mr4 ,pilgrim1 but the ,appellate court each time reversed the decision2 and finally worried ,mr4 ,pilgrim into yielding to a judgment of one cent damages4 ,the material part of that decision is as follows3 ,,mellor ,,vs4 ,,pilgrim4--,the appellant had the right to own and possess his land free from the increased burden arising from receiving the surface water from the land of appellee through artificial channels made by appellee1 for the purpose of carrying the surface water therefrom more rapidly than the same would naturally flow2 and the appellant having such right for any invasion thereof the law gives him an action4 99 99 99 ,if1 as we have seen1 the appellee by making the drain in question collected the surface water upon his own land and discharged the same upon the lands of the appellant in increased quantity and in a different manner than the same would naturally run1 the act was unlawful because of its consequences1 and the subjecting of appellant's lands to such increased and different burden than would otherwise attach to it1 was an invasion of appellant's rights from which the law implies damages1 and in such case proof of the wrongful act entitles the plaintiff to recover nominal damages at least4 ,under this decision it is not easy to see how a man can lawfully cut a rod of ditch or lay tile on his own land1 unless he can contrive some way to stop the flow of water4 #a4 ,the lower man may recover without proving that he is damaged because to drain is wrongful4 #b4 ,such drainage being a continuing trespass1 subjects the perpetrator to never ending law suits and foredoomed defeats4 #c4 ,the lower man may forbid you to drain1 or exact such tribute as he may dictate4 #d4 ,as the first man below must be consulted1 why not the second1 and how far this side of the ,gulf is the limit of this trespass8 ,here1 as ,i have elsewhere1 ,i challenge this as bad law4 ,it reverses the order of nature1 as well as custom1 and can not be endured as the public policy of ,illinois4 ,let us contemplate the exact opposite principle4 ,a land owner may drain his land for agricultural purposes by tile or open ditch1 in the line of natural drainage1 into any natural outlet on his own land or into any drainage depression leading to some natural outlet4 ,this proposition is generally regarded as self evident1 but out of respect to the court1 let us give some of the considerations on which it rests3 #a4 ,improved agriculture is an element in civilization4 #b4 ,drainage belongs to good agriculture1 is extensively practiced and must often precede the plow4 #c4 ,the surplus water can not be stored or annihilated1 and the course of drainage is indicated1 in most places determined by nature1 in the drainage depressions which are nature's outlets4 #d4 ,the law of gravity1 with or without man's work1 is constant and active in moving the waters to the lower level4 ,the ditcher's art is to remove the obstacles to a freer flow4 #e4 ,excessive water is a foe to agriculture2 and for the general good it should be collected into channels1 and as speedily as possible passed along on its inevitable journey4 ,,objections ,,answered4--,it is said to be a universal law maxim1 that you may use your own as you will1 but not to the detriment of your neighbor1 and that this principle forbids this kind of drainage4 ,this maxim may be general1 but it is not universal4 ,my neighbor may have built his house and other domestic arrangements in the lee of a natural grove of timber on my land4 ,the removal of this grove may be a real grievance by giving the wind too free a sweep2 yet my right to change this waste into a grain field will not be questioned4 ,my warranty deed is my right thus to improve my land1 though it be to the detriment of my neighbor4 ,he should have foreseen the contingency of a removal of these woods4 ,on like principles a land owner may remove an excess of water so as to raise corn and not rushes4 ,in the removal of woods my neighbor may not have an immediate remedy for his ills1 but the effect of my ditches may be turned to good account by continuing them1 and thus improving his land as ,i have mine4 ,my warranty deed is my right to cultivate my own land1 and this right carries the right to cultivate it in the best manner4 ,the lower man should have taken judicial notice that water runs down hill1 and that in this progressive age ditches may be cut and tiles laid4 ,but it is said that this court decision follows the ,english ,common law2 and now being settled by a decision1 it is not open for further consideration4 ,in this progressive age nothing is settled until it is settled right4 ,judge ,taney once judicially settled the status of the ,african race4 ,the common law was held to forbid the bridging of navigable streams4 ,harbors could only be made where the water was salt and affected by the tides4 ,the ,dartmouth college decision was held to so cover railroad corporations as to shield them from legislative control4 ,these have all been overturned by the march of events1 and this ,appellate court decision is not necessarily immortal4 ,for fifty years the farmers of ,illinois knew no such rule4 ,the public roads have been improved by side ditches which dropped the water into the first depression4 ,in #ahgc there was placed in the road law a provision that a land owner may drain on the public road by giving timely notice1 and this stands through all revisions4 ,blackstone in his commentaries does not class this kind of drainage as a nuisance or trespass to lower lands1 but he does its opposite1 where the lower man neglects to scour a ditch1 and thus sets back the water to the harm of the upper man4 ,if this court rule is common law1 as claimed1 then it may be further said that a rule for the dark ages when drainage was exceptional1 is not necessarily the true rule1 since drainage has become so large a part of good agriculture4 ,,action ,,of ,,the ,,general ,,assembly4--,early in the last session1 bills were introduced into each ,house to overturn this court decision4 ,these were defeated1 but late in the session there passed with much unanimity a bill of the following title1 which became a law3 ,an act to permit owners of land to construct drains for agricultural purposes4 ,sec4 #a of this act reads as follows3 ,that the owner or owners of land in this ,state shall be permitted to construct drains for agricultural purposes1 only1 into any natural water-course or any natural depression whereby the water will be carried into any natural water-course1 or any drain on the public highway1 if the road commissioners consent thereto1 for the purpose of securing proper drainage to such land1 without being liable in damages therefor to any other person or persons or corporation4 ,this was intended to establish the right of individual drainage4 ,but we are told that the courts will not respect this law1 for the reason that it seeks to legalize trespass4 ,here we join issue with our objectors and stand by this declaratory law4 ,it embodies the general opinion and practice of the people2 it is plainly conformable to the physical laws of nature and the requirements of civilization4 ,lands are held subject to laws thus grounded1 and these considerations will not tolerate laws or decisions the very opposite4 ,these declarations are not much more radical than a declaration that we stand by the law of gravity as constitutional4 ,the public are busy in overturning this court decision by everywhere disregarding it4 ,the few who stopped draining in deference to the court1 have resumed under shelter of the statute4 ,if all violators should be prosecuted with vigor1 tile-making might decline1 but courting would be lively4 ,courts and judges must be multiplied1 and every lawyer in the ,state would have fat business for the next ten years4 ,some judge will soon give us a precedent in accordance with reason1 and this will settle the matter as effectually as did one taste of the tree of knowledge reveal good and evil4 ,it will soon be seen that individual interest is best promoted by general and free drainage--that presumption should be in its favor1 and that one man should not be clothed with power to stop others from making improvements4 ,,new ,,laws4--,the next legislative work on drainage should be to revise and consolidate the law4 ,on some points the law is duplicate1 and on one triplicate4 ,it is generally demanded that the law shall be less cumbrous and more summary4 ,this can be done to some extent when it shall be found that the courts favor drainage4 ,so far they have had a very tender feeling for complaints4 ,when drainage shall be acknowledged to be lawful1 laudable1 and necessary1 like plowing1 laws may be greatly simplified and made more effectual4 ,,river ,,districts4--,illinois being generally level1 many of our inland streams waste a large amount of land by overflow and drift4 ,roads1 crops1 and bridges are insecure4 ,to a large extent this may be remedied by straightening the channels1 and hereafter keeping them in repair and clear of drift wood4 ,if the lands along these rivers1 which would receive benefits from this work1 were made into a district and classified according to benefits1 the burden on them for proper improvement would not be great1 and it is believed that dollars would be realized for cents expended4 ,this waste is growing worse year by year4 ,enough land could be reclaimed along the ,kaskaskia1 ,little ,wabash1 ,big ,muddy1 ,saline1 and ,henderson to more than make a ,new ,england ,state4 ,the ,state may well afford to do the engineering and give an enabling act1 that the people interested may organize as they decide to improve their respective rivers4 ,when so improved1 it will become practicable to more effectually drain the district by lateral works4 ,illinois being so generally level1 and much of our black soil resting on clay1 here is to be the favorite field for the ditcher and tile-maker4 ,invention has an inviting field1 and already foreshadows rich results4 ,your association1 though a private one1 touches the public interest very broadly4 ,you reveal and make possible new sources of wealth1 which promises to agriculture a new era of development4 ,you may do much to settle true principles and proper public policy1 so that this great drainage enterprise may move along harmoniously4 ,the law-maker and the tile-maker are necessary factors in this grand march of improvement4 ,other valuable papers were read which we shall take occasion to publish at some future time4 ,,better ,,management ,,needed4 ,a little forethought on a farm is a good thing4 ,it saves time1 money1 and much of the vexation that is liable to come without it4 ,like the watchman on a ship a good farmer must always be looking ahead4 ,he must be quick in his judgment of what should be done at the present time1 and he should have a good perception to show him the best thing to do for the future4 ,it is a mistaken idea that many possess who think there is no brain work needed on a farm4 ,farmers are usually looked upon as an ignorant class of people1 especially by many of the city friends who often do not see the large1 sympathizing feelings that lie hidden beneath the rough exterior of country people4 ,they are in many cases better educated than they look to be1 and they have a chance to use all the education they have at their command in the performance of the many and different kinds of duties that are to be done in the occupation of agriculture4 ,there is much work to be done and it requires to be done at the right time to give a profitable return for the labor4 ,to have things done properly a farm requires a good manager to eke out the labor force in the way it will do the greatest amount of work4 ,most farmers are willing to work1 and take pleasure in doing so4 ,all perform the harder parts of farming with an energy that is surpassed by no other laboring class in the world4 ,farmers deserve praise for this1 ,i think1 for it requires a great deal of pluck to work as hard as many of them do4 ,it is not1 however1 the actual hard manual labor that pays the best4 ,the hardest part of the work may be done and there still remain enough to render the job far from complete4 ,the minute parts of an occupation are the ones that distinguish it from others4 ,these parts constitute trades4 ,they require a special training to perform them1 and the more perfectly they can be performed by any one1 the more successful will that person be considered as a tradesman4 ,a fine workman receives more pay for less work than one who does rougher work1 simply because it is the minute parts that bring in the profit4 ,this is so in the mechanical trades2 it is so also in farming and yet many seem to be unaware of the fact4 ,how numerous are those who leave out the minutia2 mechanics learn a trade in a short time at least well enough to make a living by it4 ,many farmers have spent their whole lives upon farms and are still scarcely able to make a decent living2 and the reason of it is because they have left undone those parts which would1 if performed1 bring in profit4 ,it is not the lack of an education that causes so much poor success4 ,it is a lack of care in action and a want of observation in seeing4 ,a man's experience is what makes him wise4 ,he gains this experience by coming in contact with and observing those things which he meets4 ,in schools children are taught from the works of men4 ,these works are arts1 and since art is but the imitation of nature1 all education is but imitation of that which the farmer boy has the chance of seeing before it becomes second hand4 ,there is no place that has greater facilities to give observation its full scope than a farm4 ,all farmers can1 with the aid of the right kind of books and papers1 be reasonably well educated1 and most of them have a better comparative knowledge than they think they have4 ,many of the city cousins are superficially educated4 ,city people can talk1 but the greater part of the talk of many of them might be more properly called chattering4 ,no farmer need feel below them because he is more retired and has a greater amount of modesty4 ,it is true1 perhaps1 that one can not seem more insignificant than he really is4 ,great men are constantly dying1 but the living move on just the same4 ,each person's position seems valuable to few1 and yet there is almost an entire dependence of man to man4 ,every one can not fill the highest positions1 but they should make the best possible use of the faculties that are given them4 ,if this is done there will be no regrets in the future in regard to what might have been done in the past4 ,life will then be thought worth living and much more happiness will cluster around it than now does4 ,there is no greater lack of education1 perhaps1 in agriculture than in the other vocations of man1 and most farmers have a good share of well developed muscle to aid them in their work4 ,the requisites are supplied4 ,how many use them1 at least in the way they should be used4 ,all of the work could be done1 but there is too small a number of good managers to oversee and carry out the performance of the little jobs that require to be performed at the right time4 ,there are some people in every business who1 in the race for success1 far outrun their competitors4 ,this may be noticed on a farm4 ,it takes but a short time to tell by the work a man does whether he is a good farmer or not4 ,if a person is a good farmer and unites that quality to that of business management he will be successful in his attainments4 ,through success he will be honored by the members of his profession4 ,he will be praised by all other people1 and above all he will in the silent thoughts of his own mind have the satisfaction and pleasure of knowing that he is not a cipher in the vast human family4 ,he will be pointed out as an example to those who are perhaps bowed down by discouragement4 ,he will in all probability be called lucky when his success is really due to decisions that are arrived at by the experience and close observation of the past4 ,if more farmers would be content to give their thoughts1 as well as time1 to farming1 there would be more success and happiness in the occupation that depends above all others on good management4 ,s4 ,,lawrence4 ,,quincy1 ,,ill4 ,,seed ,,corn ,,from ,,south4 ,i am an interested reader of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer1 and knowing that thousands of farmers take the advice they get from its pages and act upon it1 ,i wish to say that the suggestions of ,b4 ,f4 ,j41 ,champaign1 ,ill41 regarding seed corn from portions of the country ,south of us will not do4 ,last spring hundreds of farmers in ,western ,iowa planted seed corn that came from ,kansas and ,nebraska1 and the result was that none of that from ,kansas ripened1 while but little of the ,nebraska seed did any better4 ,it all grew nicely1 but was still green and growing when the frost came4 ,it may be claimed that much of that grown from native seed was no better1 but it was better and considerable of it ripened1 and from this native seed we have the only promise of seed for next year's planting4 ,if farmers expect a good crop of corn they should not get seed from a southern latitude4 ,no ,iowa farmer would buy seed corn now that grew in ,kentucky1 ,kansas1 or ,missouri4 ,the only seed corn on which our farmers rely implicitly is that which they have gathered before frost came and hung up near the fire to be thoroughly dried before it froze4 ,that corn will grow4 ,s4 ,l4 ,w4 ,,manning1 ,,iowa4 ,,field ,,and ,,furrow4 ,all manures deposited by nature are left on or near the surface4 ,the whole tendency of manure is to go down into the soil rather than to rise from it4 ,there is probably very little if any loss of nitrogen from evaporation of manure1 unless it is put in piles so as to foment4 ,rains and dews return to the soil as much ammonia in a year as is carried off in the atmosphere4 ,rice contains more starch than either wheat1 rye1 barley1 oats or corn4 ,of these grains oats carry the least starch1 but by far the largest proportion of cellulose4 ,in nitrogenous substances wheat leads1 followed by barley1 oats1 rye and corn1 while rice is most deficient4 ,corn leads in fat1 and oats in relative proportion of water4 ,wheat leads in gum and rice in salt4 ,convenience of farm buildings is an important aid to good farming1 especially where much stock is kept and there are many chores4 ,water should always be provided in the barn-yard1 the feeding boxes should be near where the feed is kept1 and the buildings should not be very far removed from the house4 ,if this results in more neatness about barns and barnyards than has been thought necessary1 it will be another important advantage gained4 ,the ,president of the ,elmira ,farmers' ,club tells the ,husbandman that his crop of sorghum got caught by the frost1 and too much injured to be of value as a sirup-producing substance4 ,but he fed it to his cows which ate it greedily1 and soon began to gain in milk4 ,he thinks he got about as much profit from the crop as if it had been devoted to the original intent4 ,governor ,glick1 in a short address before the ,state ,board of ,agriculture1 last week1 stated that ,kansas history is the most remarkable on record2 that in #ahhc her people had more money to the head than any other people under heaven2 that the ,state had received #fj1jjj immigrant population in #ahhc2 that it will receive #afj1jjj in #ahhd2 that in ten years it will have #b1jjj1jjj people1 and that thereafter ,kansas will not care anything about bureaus of immigration--it will have people enough to work with1 and the rest will come as fast as they are needed4 ,farmers' ,call3 ,the experiments conducted during the last season at the ,missouri ,state ,agricultural ,college fully demonstrate the advisability of mulching potatoes4 ,we believe every experiment so far reported gave a similar result4 ,the cost of the materials for mulching is usually very small1 leaves or straw being plentiful and cheap upon the farm4 ,the materials manure the ground2 and mulching saves hoeing4 ,the potato requires a cooler climate and moister soil than our latitude affords4 ,mulching tends to secure both4 ,the result in every case has been largely increased yields of superior quality4 ,the old saying1 no grass no cattle1 no cattle no manure1 no manure no crops1 is as true to-day as when first spoken4 ,grass takes care of him who sows it4 ,the meadow is the master mine of wealth4 ,strong meadows fill big barns4 ,fat pastures make fat pockets4 ,the acre that will carry a steer carries wealth4 ,flush pastures make fat stock4 ,heavy meadows make happy farmers4 ,up to my ears in soft grass laughs the fat ox4 ,sweet pastures make sound butter4 ,soft hay makes strong wool4 ,these are some of the maxims of the meadow4 ,the grass seed to sow depends upon the soil and here every man must be his own judge4 ,not every farmer1 however1 knows the grass adapted to his soil4 ,if he does and seeds by the bushel1 or other measures1 he is apt to be misled4 ,including millet and ,hungarian there were in ,kansas this year #c1gcj1aej acres of land devoted to the raising of hay4 ,the yield per acre was #a4fa tons1 or a total product of #f1jjb1egf tons4 ,none of the tame grasses have as yet attained a large area in this ,state1 the most extensively grown being timothy which has an area of #ie1hdd acres4 ,the great bulk of the grass lands mentioned above is the prairie1 protected by fence4 ,the eastern third of the ,state probably contains four fifths of the tame grass area4 ,the question of the growing of tame grasses in ,kansas is receiving much attention from farmers1 it becoming of vast importance as people increase the number of their farm animals4 ,the question no doubt will be satisfactorily solved within a few years1 and the tame grass area will increase to its just proportion4 ,the agricultural changes in ,great ,britain continue to be of a marked character4 ,the area devoted to grain crops the past year was #h1fah1fge acres1 which is #bad1gje acres less than in #ahhb4 ,potatoes were planted on #edc1jjj acres1 and turnips and ,swedes on #b1jbi1jjj acres--all showing a slight increase2 but mangolds1 vetches and other green crops have declined by #ba1jjj acres on the figures for the previous year4 ,clover and the grasses show an increase of #eh1ejj acres4 ,the change from tilth to permanent pasturage is again conspicuous1 there being #ae1jfe1cjj acres as compared with #ad1hba1fjj last year4 ,ten years ago grass covered #ac1jjj1jjj acres1 while arable land has fallen during that period from #ah1ahf1jjj to #ag1cai1jjj acres4 ,orchards are on the increase1 and also market gardening4 ,in the matter of live stock there is an improvement which leads to the hope that the heavy losses of recent years will be made up4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illinois ,central ,railroad4 ,the elegant equipment of coaches and sleepers being added to its various through routes is gaining it many friends4 ,its patrons fear no accidents4 ,its perfect track of steel1 and solid road-bed1 are a guarantee against them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,farm ,,machinery1 ,etc4 ,,nichols ,,murphy',s ,,centennial ,,wind ,,mill4 ,illustration ,contains all the valuable features of his old ,nichols' ,mills with none of their defects4 ,this is the only balanced mill without a vane4 ,it is the only mill balanced on its center4 ,it is the only mill built on correct scientific principles so as to govern perfectly4 ,,all ,,vanes ,are mechanical devices used to overcome the mechanical defect of forcing the wheel to run out of its natural position4 ,a wind wheel becomes its own vane if no vane if used1 hence1 vanes--save only to balance the wheel--are useless for good1 and are only useful to help blow the mill down4 ,this mill will stand a heavier wind1 run steadier1 last longer1 and crow louder than any other mill built4 ,our confidence in the mill warrants us in offering the first mill in each county where we have no agent1 at agents' prices and on #cj days' trial4 ,our power mills have #be per cent more power than any mill with a vane4 ,we have also a superior feed mill adapted to wind or other power4 ,it is cheap1 durable1 efficient4 ,for circulars1 mills1 and agencies1 address ,,nichols ,,murphy1 ,,elgin1 ,,ill4 7,successors to the ,batavia ,manf4 ,co41 of ,batavia1 ,ill47 99 99 99 99 99 ,sawing ,made ,easy ,monarch ,lightning ,sawing ,machine6 ,sent on #cj ,days test ,trial4 ,a ,great ,saving of ,labor ,money4 ,illustration ,a boy #af years old can saw logs ,,fast and ,,easy4 ,,miles ,,murray1 ,portage1 ,mich4 writes1 ,am much pleased with the ,,monarch ,,lightning ,,sawing ,,machine4 ,i sawed off a #cj-;inch log in #b minutes4 ,for sawing logs into suitable lengths for family stove-wood1 and all sorts of log-cutting1 it is peerless and unrivaled4 ,illustrated ,catalogue1 ,,free4 ,,agents ,,wanted4 ,mention this paper4 ,address ,,monarch ,,manufacturing ,,co41 #afc ,n4 ,randolph ,st41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chicago ,,scale ,,co4 ,illustration #b ,,ton ,,wagon ,,scale1 #dj4 #c ,,ton1 #ej4 #d ,ton #fj1 ,beam ,box ,included4 #bdj lb4 ,,farmer',s ,,scale1 #e4 ,the ,little ,detective1 #a_/d oz4 to #be lb4 #c4 #cjj ,,other ,,sizes4 ,reduced ,,price ,,list ,,free4 ,,forges1 ,,tools1 c4 ,,best ,,forge ,,made ,,for ,,light ,,work1 #aj1 #dj lb4 ,anvil and ,kit of ,tools4 #aj4 ,farmers save time and money doing odd jobs4 ,blowers1 ,anvils1 ,vices ,other ,articles ,,at ,,lowest ,,prices1 ,,wholesale ,,retail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,profit ,,farm ,,boiler ,illustration is simple1 perfect1 and cheap2 the ,,best ,,feed ,,cooker2 the only dumping boiler2 empties its kettle in a minute4 ,,over #e1jjj ,,in ,,use2 ,cook your corn and potatoes1 and save one-half the cost of pork4 ,send for circular4 ,d4 ,r4 ,,sperry ,,co41 ,batavia1 ,illinois4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hoosier ,,auger ,,tile ,,mill4 ,illustration3 ,mills on hand4 ,prompt delivery4 ,,for ,,prices ,,and ,,circulars1 ,,address ,,nolan1 ,,madden ,,co41 ,,rushville1 ,,ind4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,evaporating ,,fruit ,illustration ,,full ,,treatise on improved methods1 yields1 profits1 prices and general statistics1 free4 ,,american ,m',,fg ,,co4 ,,waynesboro ,,franklin ,,county1 ,,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,self ,,cure ,,free ,nervous ,lost ,weakness ,debility ,manhood and ,decay ,a favorite prescription of a noted specialist 7now retired47 ,druggists can fill it4 ,address ,,dr4 ,,ward ,,co41 ,,louisiana1 ,,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 #dj 7#ahhd7 ,chromo ,cards1 no #b alike1 with name1 #aj;c41 #ac pks1 #a4 ,,george ,i4 ,,reed ,,co41 ,nassau1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer from this date to ,january #a1 #ahhe2 ,for #b4jj you get it for one year and a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,livestock ,,department4 ,stockmen4 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,american breeders imported from ,scotland #hej head of polled cattle last year4 99 99 99 99 99 ,w4 ,c4 ,vandercook1 ,secretary of the ,northern ,illinois ,merino ,sheep ,breeders' ,association1 recently took #ijj ,merino sheep to his recently purchased ranch in ,norton county1 ,kansas4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,estill1 of ,estill1 ,mo41 passed through ,chicago1 a few days ago1 with forty head of ,angus-,aberdeen and ,hereford cattle4 ,estill ,elliott now own one of the best polled herds in the ,west4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the second regular annual meeting of the ,kansas ,state ,short-horn ,breeders' ,association will be held in the ,senate ,chamber of the ,capitol1 ,topeka1 ,kan41 during ,february #ab and #ac1 beginning at #g ,p4 ,m4 of the #abth4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the seventh annual meeting of the ,dutch-,fresian ,association of ,america will be held at the ,butterfield ,house1 ,utica1 ,n4 ,y41 ,february #f1 #ahhd4 ,essays and addresses are expected from a number of distinguished stock breeders4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,lafayette ,county ,thoroughbred ,live ,stock ,breeders' ,association was recently organized at ,higginsville1 ,mo4 ,they will hold annual public sales and otherwise advance the improved stock interest4 ,their first sale will be held at ,higginsville1 ,october #ae and #af1 #ahhd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the following is a list of ,jerseys exported from the island during the past year3 ,mr4 ,francis ,le ,brocq exported #hdh cows1 bulls1 #bh--total1 #hgf4 ,mr4 ,eugene ,j4 ,arnold sent out #fef cows1 #dg bulls--total1 #gjc4 ,sundry shippers sold #aeh cows and #g bulls--total1 #afe4 ,grand total1 #a1gdd head4 99 99 99 99 99 ,our readers will not fail to notice the public sale ad4 of ,mr4 ,wm4 ,yule1 of ,somers1 ,wis41 who will1 on the #aith day of ,march1 disperse his entire herd of thoroughbred ,short-horn cattle4 ,the herd numbers forty head1 and is the opening sale of the season1 and will be one of the most attractive ones of the year4 ,they are all of his own breeding4 ,send for catalogue1 which will be ready about ,february #ae4 99 99 99 99 99 ,horse-stealing seems to be as prevalent in ,england as in this country4 ,a late ,london live-stock journal says there is as much of it going on as there was half a century ago4 ,a gang has recently been operating in ,kent1 ,essex1 and ,surrey quite extensively4 ,the thieves are no respecters of breeds1 taking hunters1 cart horses and carriage horses with equal boldness4 ,arrests are becoming frequent1 and it seems likely the gang will soon be broken up4 ,,herd ,,books ,,and ,,records4 ,the following addresses may be of use to many readers of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer who may wish to record stock or purchase books3 ,american ,short-horn ,herd ,book--,w4 ,t4 ,bailey1 ,secretary1 #bg ,montauk block1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,national ,register of ,norman ,horses--,t4 ,butterworth1 ,secretary1 ,quincy1 ,ill4 ,american ,clydesdale ,stud ,book--,charles ,f4 ,mills1 ,secretary1 ,springfield1 ,ill4 ,american ,hereford ,record--,breeders' ,live ,stock ,association1 ,beecher1 ,ill4 ,holstein ,herd ,book--,thos4 ,b4 ,wales1 ,secretary1 ,iowa ,city1 ,iowa4 ,herd ,register--,american ,jersey ,cattle ,club1 ,geo4 ,e4 ,waring1 ,secretary1 ,newport1 ,r4 ,i4 ,american ,poland-,china ,record--,john ,gilmore1 ,secretary1 ,vinton1 ,iowa4 ,central ,poland-,china ,record1 ,mr4 ,morris1 ,secretary1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,,competing ,,for ,,sweepstake ,,prizes4 ,our readers will remember that we last week made mention of a change in the sweepstakes rings at the next ,illinois ,state ,fair4 ,this was a slight error4 ,the change was made with reference to the ,fat ,stock ,show4 ,in this connection we present the argument of ,hon4 ,john ,p4 ,reynolds1 on the subject before the board and which governed the board in its action4 ,,the ,,argument4 ,to the ,state ,board of ,agriculture4 ,,gentlemen4--,the undersigned1 ,superintendent of class ,a41 respectfully submits the following report for the past year1 including the fair in ,september1 and the ,fat ,stock ,show in ,november4 ,,the ,,fair4 ,it was perfectly apparent to any one familiar with the displays of previous years in this department1 that the breeding of fine cattle in this country is1 at the present time1 attracting the attention and commanding the best and most intelligent care of not alone the farmers who have been bred to their avocation1 but of capitalists1 who comprehend the great money values involved1 and who either of themselves or through their sons have set out to identify themselves with this great interest4 ,as the result of the fact the display of cattle was more varied as to breeds and greater as to number1 if not superior as to quality1 than at any fair1 while the visitors in attendance seeking to purchase and studying the question of breeds with a view to purchase for breeding purposes1 were never so numerous nor so much in earnest4 ,under such circumstances1 it may easily be imagined that the awards of prizes1 not for the money value of the prizes themselves1 but for the bearing of such honors upon the interests of exhibitors in regard to sales1 assumed an unusual importance and involved a corresponding responsibility on the part of this board4 ,impressed1 as ,i think1 with a proper sense of that responsibility1 and of the embarrassment which always surround that position1 as your representative ,i discharged the duty to the best of my ability4 ,the most serious and perhaps1 the only embarrassment which ,i should refer to in this report1 was the absence of so large a proportion of the members of awarding committees originally selected1 rendering it necessary to fill the places of the absentees by selections from the by-standers after the cattle had been called to the rings4 ,some of you have been there and have a realizing sense of the difficulties involved in the effort to make these substitutions intelligently and with conscientious care1 on the spur of the moment4 ,to do so in all cases with satisfaction to one's self is simply impossible1 and to do it in all cases with satisfaction to unlucky competing exhibitors is not to be expected4 ,if ,i could do the first and feel sure that the talisman had been wisely selected1 it would be easy to disregard complaints1 if any1 which are known to be unjust4 ,the question of so modifying our committee system as to avoid the embarrassment ,i have referred to and thus to secure a better deserved confidence in the justice of the awards is one ,i hope to hear discussed at this meeting as it has been probably at every meeting of our predecessors for the past thirty years4 ,possibly we are in the light of our own experience1 with a different system at the ,fat ,stock ,shows prepared to try something else at the fairs2 but of this ,i do not feel certain4 ,,the ,,fat ,,stock ,,show4 ,the remarks ,i have made in regard to the display at the fair and the great interest it excited apply with1 if possible1 still greater force to the ,fat ,stock ,show4 ,your record shows all material facts in respect to numbers and quality of the stock on exhibition1 and ,i need not enlarge4 ,the importance of this enterprise1 in its relation to the meat supply of the world1 can hardly be over-stated1 and its direct results to the producers of the meat producing breeds of stock as well as to the consumers1 are too apparent to require discussion4 ,the rules and methods adopted by the board for conducting this show seems to need but little change--some slight modifications of the requirements of the premium list will be proposed when that subject shall come up for consideration1 but beyond these there is but one subject which ,i regard as of sufficient importance to demand a suggestion from me at this time4 ,i refer to the number of and division of duties among the awarding committees4 ,the method of selecting judges seems to me all right and there was much less difficulty in securing their attendance than at the fair4 ,a few did not respond1 but their places were filled satisfactorily in most cases4 ,the wisdom of the appointment of your committee to decide upon the age of all animals on exhibition1 prior to the commencement of the work of the judges and entirely independent of any suggestion or wish on the part of exhibitors1 was practically demonstrated so that there is probably now no desire to discontinue it4 ,in this case their discussions corroborated and established the statements and good faith of the exhibitors themselves in every instance except one1 in which one the result was unimportant4 ,the special feature to which ,i desire to call your attention may perhaps be best understood if ,i express my own views in regard to it4 ,at present it is the practice for one committee of judges to make the awards on the animals of each breed in their several rings of yearlings1 two-year-olds1 and three-year-olds4 ,after that has been done it is the practice for another committee to select the sweepstakes animals from among all the entries of all ages of that breed without regard to the prizes which the former committee may have awarded4 ,now it not infrequently happens1 and is always liable to occur1 that the latter committee selects as the best animal of any age one which the former committee did not deem worthy of any prize at all or at least not a first prize1 when judged by them in competition with these of its own age only4 ,evidently there is a mistake somewhere4 ,both decisions can not be correct4 ,both committees1 we are bound to assume are equally honest1 disinterested1 and competent1 because the members of both committees considered in making up a decision such discrepancy of judgment and the system which renders it possible may be almost excusable1 perhaps1 but in the ,fat ,stock ,show1 where we deal so fully in details and exact figures1 and where we pretend to use our best efforts in every practical manner to get at and publish for the benefit of a confiding world the reliable1 bottom facts obtained by the labors of paid experts1 reach a conflicting record is not1 in any judgement1 one to be greatly proud of4 ,there is one plain1 just and proper remedy for this1 to wit3 ,restrict the award of sweepstakes prizes in the several breed rings to such animals as have taken first premiums in the rings for ages1 and restrict competition for grand sweepstakes to such animals as have taken sweepstake prizes in the breed rings as have not otherwise competed at all4 ,the awards of all special prizes should follow the decisions in the regular rings when not offered for animals not included in the regular rings4 ,under this rule every animal competing for a sweepstakes prize1 with possible exceptions in the grand sweepstakes1 would have received the highest indorsement of the committees1 and hence there could be no pretense of prejudice on the part of the judges and hence1 too1 it would matter very little whether a new competent committee were called for the grand sweepstakes or that committee was composed of judges who served in the rings1 the latter1 in my opinion1 being preferable1 because of their larger opportunity in becoming familiar with the points of difference between the competing animals4 ,i am persuaded that no objection to the remedy as ,i have stated it1 would or could properly be made except by those whose animals were not included in the first prize or sweepstakes winners1 and the only objection ,i have ever heard to the adoption of the rule1 even at the fairs1 is based on the idea that those animals 7or the owners7 failing to take prizes in the rings for ages1 should have a new trial before an entirely new jury in sweepstakes4 ,but how about those who won the verdict in the first trial6 ,is there any justice in requiring them to submit to another trial between themselves and those they have once vanquished8 and if there is any propriety in that1 why not in still another new trial and more new trials before new juries until every animal in the show has received a first prize1 or the treasury has been exhausted or the community fails to furnish any more jurymen8 ,if it were simply the consolation stakes to non-prize winners1 some loose practice might seem justifiable1 but it is not the best policy in conducting the competitions of the ,fat ,stock ,show to be influenced by any considerations except those which relate to fair1 impartial and intelligent decisions1 and no decisions can be fair1 impartial and intelligent which conflict with each other and which1 as a whole1 fail to form a consistent record4 ,,john ,p4 ,,reynolds1 ,supt4 ,class ,a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,james ,f4 ,scott purchased #bjj mares and #ejj one and two year old colts to be delivered on the #aeth of ,march at the ,san ,antonio ,viego ranch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,raising ,,young ,,mules4 ,where land is not too high1 and pasturage good as well as cheap1 keeping good mares from which young mules can be raised is certainly a profitable business2 especially so where corn and hay are grown on the farm1 and the mares can be profitably worked at least part of the year4 ,with a liberal supply of corn fodder for winter feeding1 and a good pasture1 with hay and corn during the coldest weather1 and when at work1 this branch of farming is not only easy1 but certain and profitable4 ,a mare in good condition1 not counting pasturage1 can be kept for eight dollars a year4 ,service of jack here is generally six dollars1 making keeping of mare and service cost fourteen4 ,there has been no time since ,i came to this part of the ,state when a mule colt would not bring all the way from twenty-five to fifty dollars1 depending1 of course1 upon the size1 form1 and general condition at weaning time4 ,allowing nothing for the work the mare would be able to do1 which certainly ought to be sufficient to pay for her keep1 there is left a good margin for profit4 ,or if we count the interest on the money invested in the mare1 still we have a good profit left4 ,the difference paid for young mules shows two facts3 first1 the importance of a good sire1 or jack1 and the other of a well-formed mare4 ,it certainly costs no more money to keep a well-formed animal than it does to keep a poor one4 ,of course1 at the start1 one may require a somewhat larger outlay of money1 and in this way1 if we count the interest on the money invested1 cause young mules to cost a trifle more than if cheaper animals were used4 ,but this is more than compensated for by the larger price the colt will bring4 ,the difference between a mare that will bring a mule that only sells for the lowest price here at weaning time1 twenty-five dollars1 and one that brings a mule that will sell for fifty1 the highest generally obtained1 would make quite an item in the amount of profit to be derived from her keep1 and especially where the same animals are kept quite a number of years for this purpose1 as is often the case4 ,and this is not all2 the mule will himself pay handsomely for keeping4 ,mules a year old1 that are broken to the halter1 so that they can be led1 bring from eighty to one hundred dollars4 ,when two years old1 and broken to to the wagon as well as saddle1 one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five dollars is the general price4 ,of course a pair of well matched mules1 well broken to harness1 at three or four years1 will sell all the way from three to five hundred dollars1 depending upon their color1 form1 size1 etc4 ,and this difference is1 in nearly all cases the result of the difference between good and poor jacks1 as well as good and poor mares4 ,one other point must always be taken into account in this work1 and that is in having mares that are sure breeders4 ,i find that those who have made most money out of this line of farming or stock-raising are those who1 when they have secured a valuable brood mare that is sure of bringing a first-class mule colt1 they not only keep her1 but they take good care of her2 and in this way they secure the very best results and realize the largest profits4 ,where proper care is taken not to overwork or strain them1 mares can always be profitably worked in planting and cultivating the corn crop1 as well as cribbing it in the fall2 fully enough work can be done to pay for what they eat and the pasturage4 ,so that the cost of service and interest on the money invested is what the mule costs at weaning time4 ,after that time1 of course1 they cost something more1 as weaning time generally comes in the fall at about the time that pastures fail1 and corn fodder1 wheat straw1 and hay1 with a small amount of grain during the winter must be fed to keep the colt growing in good condition4 ,many farmers who do not care to go to the trouble of breaking young mules1 dispose of them at weaning time2 while others find it profitable to buy these up at whatever prices they are obtainable1 and keep until they are two or three years old2 during this time they are broken to lead1 to ride1 and to work4 ,to be sure1 there is some risk connected with this1 but1 on the whole1 it is considered very remunerative--so much so that many young men who manage to get enough cash ahead will buy one or two mule colts in the fall at weaning time and keep them until well broken in1 and they sell at a profit1 and in this way make a good start for themselves4 ,as compared with other branches of stock-raising1 there is less risk in this than in almost any other branch of farm stock4 ,n4 ,j4 ,,shepherd4 ,,miller ,,co41 ,,mo4 ,illustration ,,the ,,dairy ,dairymen1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,,wisconsin ,,dairymen4 ,the convention of ,wisconsin dairymen1 at ,lake ,mills1 last week1 was an excellent one4 ,it was largely attended by the most prominent and experienced dairymen of this wonderful dairy ,state4 ,the people of ,lake ,mills did their utmost to make the visit of delegates pleasant1 and they succeeded admirably4 ,the crowning feature of their hospitality was the banquet on ,thursday night4 ,the feast was prepared by the ladies of the ,m4 ,e4 church4 ,the supper1 the toasts and responses1 the music and all were enjoyable in the highest degree4 ,wisconsin dairymen believe in banquets4 ,a leading member of the convention declared that the prosperous history of the association began with its first banquet4 ,governor ,rusk was in attendance at this convention1 and his address was one calculated to encourage and help on the association4 ,he assured the members that if they thought the association needed legislative aid1 all they have to do is to ask for it4 ,if they ask for #e1jjj1 he will do his best to have the appropriation bill passed1 and he will sign the enactment promptly when it reaches him for signature4 ,he believes ,wisconsin one of the foremost of dairy ,states1 and he wants it to retain its position4 ,among other prominent gentlemen present who participated in the discussions were ,prof4 ,henry1 of the ,agricultural ,department of the ,state ,university2 ,hon4 ,clinton ,babbitt1 ,secretary of the ,state ,agricultural ,society2 ,hon4 ,hiram ,smith1 ,chester ,hazen1 ,s4 ,favile1 ,j4 ,m4 ,smith1 ,j4 ,h4 ,smith1 ,j4 ,b4 ,harris1 ,inspector of ,dairy ,factories1 ,canada1 and ,t4 ,d4 ,curtis1 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,the election of officers resulted in retaining the incumbents of last year for another year's service4 ,these gentlemen are3 ,w4 ,h4 ,morrison1 ,elkhorn1 ,president2 ,d4 ,w4 ,curtis1 ,fort ,atkinson1 ,secretary2 ,h4 ,k4 ,loomis1 ,treasurer4 ,one of the prominent papers read was on ,co-operative ,dairying1 by ,j4 ,b4 ,harris1 ,esq41 of ,antwerp1 ,n4 ,y41 who is employed by the ,canadian government as inspector of cheese and butter factories4 ,we will give it in full1 and follow next week with some account of the discussions4 ,,co-,,operative ,,cheese-,,making4 ,in all human efforts1 grand results have been attained chiefly by concert of action4 ,in our own time1 everything is done by co-operation4 ,railways across continents1 canals uniting oceans and seas1 bridges almost of fabulous proportions1 enterprises in engineering and commerce1 never before known1 evince the extent to which modern genius is availing itself of concert of effort in testing human capacity4 ,there is a visible tendency in all branches of business toward co-operation and centralization4 ,in looking down upon a large city1 the unity visible even in the diversity of human affairs manifests itself in a manner truly wonderful4 ,the air is literally filled with a vast net-work of wire1 crossing and re-crossing in every conceivable direction1 and over these1 backward and forward1 the thoughts of men are made to vibrate with the speed of lightning1 in the elaboration and consummation of thousands of business schemes1 and the air1 as well as the buildings and streets1 is full of human activity and enterprise4 ,the lawyer1 sitting comfortably at his desk in his office1 talks with his banker1 physician1 grocer1 a hundred clients1 and his family1 all seated like him himself at home1 or at their various places of business4 ,thus is the telephone made the instrument of human co-operation and concert of action4 ,it is now less than thirty years since dairymen stumbled into the practice of co-operation in the business of making-cheese4 ,previous to that time cheese-making in this country was1 to say the least1 a crude affair4 ,every farmer ran his own factory1 according to his own peculiar notion1 and disposed of his products as he could light on chaps4 ,in that day1 cheese-making was guess work and hap-hazard4 ,to-day it is a science4 ,then there were as many rules and methods as there were men4 ,to-day the laws which nature has enacted1 to govern the process of converting milk into cheese1 are codified1 and cheese-making has become a profession4 ,in that day the accumulated results of the cheese industry of a neighborhood or township was a sight to behold--all manner of circular blocks1 of concentrated error1 large and small1 thick and thin1 when heaped together presented a spectacle that would now bring a smile upon the countenance of the most sober and dignified cheese-maker in the ,state4 ,the condition of the market at that time was quite as crude and irregular as the system1 or rather the want of system1 in manufacturing4 ,there was no cable1 no regular reports from the great business centers of the land1 no regularly organized boards of trade1 railroads not as numerous1 less daily papers were in circulation1 and many other circumstances which left the seller comparatively at the mercy of the buyer1 and the purchase and sale of a dairy was conducted upon principles similar to those usually practiced in a horse trade4 ,the great changes which since that day have taken place in the dairying world are due chiefly to a division of labor1 the introduction of system and co-operation4 ,our machinery1 we are sorry to say1 is not yet quite perfect in all its parts1 and does not move with the precision and harmony of the orchestra1 to which we have already alluded4 ,yet1 although still in its infancy1 it has already produced and does annually produce results grand indeed4 ,if we take a glance at the various industries at which men are to-day engaged1 intellectual1 commercial1 and mechanical1 the painstaking exactitude everywhere practiced will be found to be a growing subject of wonder and admiration4 ,the secret of this lies in the fact that perfection in any department of business not only enlarges that business but also enriches those engaged in it4 ,for example3 there are perhaps ten times as many watches manufactured in the world to-day as at any other period in its history4 ,it is a profitable business1 or men would not engage in it1 and the superhuman effort that is being continually put forth to increase the value1 by making as perfect an article as human power can produce1 establishes conclusively the assertion that there is always a profit in doing well4 ,i am glad to observe that in the cheese industry of the ,united ,states and ,canada1 the light of this truth has to some extent aroused the slumbering dairymen4 ,to quote from the ,utica ,herald of ,sept4 #aa1 #ahhc3 ,it is estimated that about #gjj1jjj men are employed in this business1 in one capacity or another1 and that about #ae1jjj1jjj cows are used to furnish the one product of milk4 ,the returns from this product are over #hjj1jjj1jjj4 ,the total amount of capital invested in dairying in the ,united ,states is estimated to reach the enormous sum of #b1jjj1jjj1jjj4 ,in consulting these figures we hope there is no person so dense of understanding as to entertain for a moment the idea that had the old system of every man his own cheese-maker prevailed that anything approaching this grand result would ever have been attained4 ,never4 ,the concert or effort attained in the factory system is the key note to this grand1 soul-inspiring chorus4 ,but an experience of twenty-five years in the dairy industry leads me to the conclusion that in the music of our business there is yet much discord4 ,the dairymen and factorymen fail to understand the spirit of the piece we are attempting to perform1 and fail to catch the idea that individual profit and prosperity depend upon the success of the business as a whole4 ,no chain is stronger than its weakest link1 and so long as there remains a slovenly dairyman in the business just so long our system will be incomplete and the working of co-operation remain imperfect4 ,perfect concert of effort1 unbroken unity of hand with hand1 in all the various details of the business1 reaching down to the most unimportant items in the production of milk and the making of cheese1 will produce in the long run the most profitable and permanent results to the individual as well as to the community4 ,but1 say some1 there is too much of the millennium1 too much of theory1 too much of the unattainable1 in all this4 ,to such ,i answer that there is much of the millennium1 much of theory1 and much of the unattainable in the ,sermon on the ,mount1 and yet our ,divine ,master preached it1 nevertheless4 ,it may perhaps be considered chimerical and theorizing to talk of a time when there will be no such persons among dairymen as what are known to the cheese-maker as a skimmer or stripper1 but we hope such a time will come1 nevertheless4 ,to what purpose do ,a41 ,b41 and ,c41 and a score of other industrious1 honest1 painstaking fellows1 exert themselves to collect a model dairy1 sparing neither time nor expense in providing themselves with perfect sets of improved appurtenances for those dairies1 from rich1 well-watered pastures down to good1 substantial three-legged milking stools1 and labor incessantly from sunrise until sundown1 that their barns may be in perfect order and everything connected with the business neat and clean1 in order that their material may come into the hands of the manufacturer in a perfect condition--if heedless1 lazy1 shiftless1 dishonest1 ignorant1 good-for-nothing ,d4 keeps about him a herd of sick1 disconsolated racks-of-bones1 to wander over his arid and desolate fields in search of food and drink in summer1 or with backs humped up1 hover together for shelter under the lea of a wheat-straw stack1 their only food in winter1 and using a kit of dairying tools1 the very best article of which is an old1 water-soaked1 dirty wooden pail1 drawing his whey from the factory in the old1 rusty1 time-embattled milk cans1 in which it is allowed to stand until the next milking1 and which1 after an imperfect washing1 and refilled and returned to the factory1 freighted with a compound sufficiently poisoned to nullify and undo the best efforts of a hundred ,a41 ,b41 and ,c's4 ,it may be theorizing and visionary to talk of a time when the spirit of co-operation shall have driven such fellows out of the dairying business1 to betake themselves with a pick-ax and spade to the ditch1 but that such a time may come ought to be the earnest prayer of every thorough-going friend of co-operation in the land4 ,it may seem like castle building and an unprofitable waste of time to indulge in theories and construct plans by which the rivalry among factorymen may be kept within a limit sufficiently circumscribed to prevent the fear of loss of patronage from interfering with1 and lowering the standard of1 our cheese4 ,it is too often the case1 nowadays1 that factorymen are deterred from a full and complete discharge of their duty to themselves1 their patrons1 and the world in general1 by a fear1 by no means groundless1 that a bold and upright course with regard to the material brought to them will result in a damaging1 if not entire loss1 of their occupation4 ,the unwise extent to which men have gone in the erection of cheese factories1 has increased competition to an extent decidedly prejudicial to the interest of the cheese-consuming world4 ,a41 having invested his entire capital in the construction and equipment of a factory1 will be quite likely1 when ,b41 ,c41 and ,d4 erect factories in his immediate neighborhood1 to hold his peace when sundry varieties of swill milk are offered at his door1 instead of speaking out an equivocal protest against the insult thus offered to his professional pride and sense of decency4 ,to the dairyman naturally given to slovenly and careless habits1 the restraint to which he might otherwise be subjected is practically removed when nearly equi-distant from his place of abode there are three or four factories1 instead of one1 and he knows that if rejected at one place1 he can without inconvenience go to another1 and thus it transpires that at five factories in every ten there will be found a conspicuous absence of thorough and inexorable discriminations which ought always to prevail in the receipt of milk for factory purposes4 ,for this abuse there is1 in our estimation1 a remedy however theoretical and visionary it may appear1 and that is concert of action and co-operation among factorymen4 ,men in all branches of business1 nowadays1 associate with each other1 and form themselves into bodies for the purpose of closer union and mutual protection1 and when this is done for the general good1 as well as individual advancement1 the purpose is laudable and universally successful4 ,we know of no business in which the necessity of combination is so great as that of cheese-making1 and1 what1 let me ask1 could be more desirable and praiseworthy than an association of cheese-makers1 for the purpose of sending the swill milk of the country to the hogs1 where it belongs1 instead of making it up1 as at present1 for human consumption4 ,we have an idea that such an association might be successfully formed1 and that1 when once in effectual operation1 it might ask the legislative body of its country to enact a law1 entitled ,an ,act for the suppression of swill milk1 and for the general good of mankind1 in which it should be provided1 among other things1 that in every case where a dairyman has left a factory on account of having had his milk rejected for cause traceable to his negligence1 that in all such cases1 the factory or factory company knowingly receiving the milk of such rejected party1 shall be liable to some appropriate penalty4 ,the extreme sensitiveness of milk in the absorption of taint from the atmosphere1 or any substance with which it comes in contact1 ought to be thoroughly understood by all persons engaged in handling it1 but1 we believe1 that but few comparatively are alive to the true facts of the case4 ,i herewith present several paragraphs clipped from journals of recent date3 ,there are seventy-five cases of typhoid fever in the town of ,port ,jarvis4 ,dr4 ,mc,donald attributes the spread of the disease to the use of milk from the farm of ,mrs4 ,thomas ,cuddebach1 in whose family there have been several typhoid cases1 holding that the milk conveyed the disease germs4 ,nearly all of the parties now sick had used milk from the farm4 ,a dairyman from ,dundee has been apprehended and fined for allowing his wife and daughter to milk cows and assist in the sale of milk1 after they had been engaged in nursing a child suffering from scarlet fever4 ,no less than nineteen cases of fever1 four of which resulted fatally1 were traced to this act of carelessness4 ,with these facts in view1 how can it be expected that any amount of diligence on the part of a cheese-maker can atone for the unpardonable sin committed1 day after day1 by the heedless and unobserving patrons1 of leaving a can of freshly drawn milk standing all night in an unwholesome barn or yard1 until it has absorbed a whole family of pestilential odors1 and then to carry it to the factory to corrupt and poison everything with which it comes in contact4 ,some may suppose it a mere theory to speak of a condition of things in which abuses of this character can not be found1 but during an experience of five years as cheese instructor1 in the ,province of ,ontario1 during which ,i superintended the making of cheese in about #djj different factories1 and during the last year inspected the milk from about #fe1jjj cows1 the property of about #g1jjj dairymen1 ,i occasionally made up vats in which there was no discoverable taint and which1 ,i was pretty certain1 came from the farms of well drilled1 well posted dairymen1 and1 from a circumstance of this character1 ,i am led to the conclusion that what has been done once can be done again1 and ,i make such facts a text upon which ,i found my plea for more thorough co-operation and diligent painstaking in the work of producing milk for factory purposes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there may be times when peculiar atmospheric conditions will exert unfavorable influences1 and seasons when drought and wet weather will produce changes1 over which human efforts have no control1 and for these sufficient allowance must be made4 ,we quarrel with the stupidity1 shiftlessness1 and ignorance of men1 and not with the providence of ,god4 ,in this day and age of the world there is no excuse for ignorance upon the points to which we have alluded4 ,wisdom uttereth her voice in the streets1 and he who will not hear her ought to be drummed out of the camp of dairymen4 ,as a rule1 a common carpenter puts more thought into his business in a month than many dairymen do in a year4 ,indeed1 it would be difficult to point out a single branch of human industry1 of one-half the magnitude which the manufacture and sale of cheese has reached1 carried on in a manner so slipshod and slovenly as dairying4 ,the banker1 the columns of whose ledger fail by one cent of balancing1 spares neither time nor money in searching out and correcting the error2 the merchant brings to bear upon his business a care and insight so unceasing and laborious that his locks are soon sprinkled with premature silver2 the machinist works to plans from which the variation of a thousandth part of an inch can not be allowed to pass uncorrected2 but the dairyman too often stumbles along through his work without thought1 or employs the little intellect he has in putting in and harvesting his crops1 leaving the dairy in the meantime to take care of itself4 ,there are too many men engaged in dairying who can see nothing in the business beyond the factory dividend2 men to whom filling the milk pail and the can are the ,alpha and ,omega of life4 ,to such men such a thing as an ambition that their county1 town1 or neighborhood shall attain and hold a reputation for being the banner cheese district of the ,state or nation1 is as thoroughly unknown as the configuration of the bottom of the ,dead sea4 ,in saying what we have about the patrons of cheese factories1 and the closer and more thorough co-operation among them1 we have been actuated by no feelings of unkindness or ill will1 nor have we arraigned them upon trivial or imaginary charges4 ,the indictments we have found against them are all true bills1 against which too many of them will be unable to sustain the plea of not guilty4 ,we have been constrained to our present course by an overmastering sense of the importance of greater care1 deeper thought1 and closer union in pushing forward one of the greatest industries of the day4 ,i am confident that before another step can be taken in advance it must be preluded by a correction of the errors which we have feebly attempted to portray1 all of which lie outside and prior to the factory4 ,as a body1 cheese-makers can do little better than they are now doing1 until there is some improvement in the material upon which they are called upon to exercise their skill1 and the practice of crimination and recrimination1 the factorymen tossing the blame upon the dairymen and the dairymen upon the factorymen1 which is made use of to conceal the real source of our mistakes1 will continue to shield him from the eyes of a discriminating public until the care and diligence of dairymen strip him of this shelter and drive him forward on the march to improvement4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer from this date to ,january #a1 #ahhe2 ,for #b4jj you get it for one year and a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,veterinary ,impaction of the ,paunch4 ,impaction of the paunch 7the first stomach or rumen7 in cattle1 sometimes also called grainsick or mawbound1 differs from bloating or hoove1 mainly thereby that the distention is more solid than gaseous1 it being either with food alone1 or with food and gas4 ,symptomatically it differs also from hoove by the absence of eructation1 and by the hardness of the flanks and the smaller volume of the swelling4 ,it arises from gorging with almost any kind of food1 even with grain or with chaff1 at a sudden change of diet2 but it is particularly liable to arise from a surfeit of turnips1 fresh grass1 or any other succulent food at the commencement of the season4 ,the instrument called a probang ought to be introduced1 either to decide whether the case be one of hoove or one of mawbound1 or to ascertain the degree in which the latter disease exists4 ,if the probang bring on a sudden rush of gas1 the disease is wholly or chiefly hoove2 and if it encounter a solid resistance1 the disease mawbound1 and exists in a degree of aggravation proportioned to the nearness of the point at which the resistance is felt4 ,in mild cases of impaction of the paunch1 when the animal does not seem to suffer much pain1 and is not materially fevered1 but merely ceases rumination or chewing of the cud1 refuses to eat1 and lies long and indolently in one posture1 a dose of oil1 or a little forced walking1 are frequently sufficient to effect a cure4 ,in cases which1 though on the whole mild1 are accompanied with a kind of inertia1 or with an insuperable reluctance to rise or to move about1 stimulants1 such as ether diluted with alcohol and water1 may be required to rouse the paunch into renewed action2 but whenever such remedies are necessary1 they must be given in cautious doses1 and always accompanied with some gentle purgatives4 ,in very bad cases1 when the animal seems sinking through inertness into death1 or in which moans1 swells at the sides1 becomes almost as a board in the flanks1 appears to suffer great and increasing pain1 and seems eventually to be overwhelmed with anguish and to be passing into unconsciousness1 it must be promptly decided whether we have sufficient time and encouragement to try the effect of stimulants1 purgatives1 the stomach pump1 and other comparatively gentle measures2 and if not1 we should1 without much delay1 cut through the left flank into the paunch1 and with the hands withdraw the contents4 ,the cutting operation itself is attended or followed with little danger2 but in the extracting of the food1 no matter how carefully performed1 some small portion is liable to drop into the abdominal cavity2 and this1 in consequence of its indigested condition1 resists absorption or expulsion1 undergoes an irritating decomposition1 and may very probably originate some serious inflammatory disorder4 ,any animal which has suffered a very bad case of impaction of the paunch1 ought1 immediately after complete restoration to health1 to be sent to the shambles2 for1 independently of the lurking danger consequent on the artificial extraction of the food1 or even upon the relaxation which follows the administration of a stimulant1 the paunch is so much overstretched and injured by the mechanical effects of the distension as to be temporarily incapacitated for the proper discharge of its functions4 ,queries ,answered4 ,,probably ,,ringbone4--,w4 ,b4 ,s41 ,sciola1 ,iowa4 ,in the absence of any information to the contrary1 the lameness may be regarded as due to the development of ringbone4 ,there is no certain cure for this disease4 ,all that may be expected from treatment is to retard or stay its progress or development2 but in all cases more or less stiffness or lameness will remain1 depending upon the extent of its development4 ,then1 subsequent hard work1 or any cause of renewed irritation1 will be apt to further aggravate the case1 and cause additional enlargement and increasing lameness4 ,the usual course of treatment in such cases consists in blistering or firing1 or both combined1 with subsequent long rest or a season's liberty on pasture4 99 99 99 99 99 ,uneasiness is a species of sagacity2 a passive sagacity4 ,fools are never uneasy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer from this date to ,january #a1 #ahhe2 ,for #b4jj you get it for one year and a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,horticultural ,horticulturists1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,lessons of #ahhc4 ,,by ,o4 ,b4 ,,galusha4 ,progress in all arts and sciences is the one grand aim of all associations and of all agricultural and horticultural societies and journals2 and to study the results of each year's experiences and observations1 comparing them with those of previous years1 and also with the ideal of perfection which each laborer in these several departments of industry has pictured in his own mind1 is the best preparation for achieving desired results in the future4 ,in the present paper we will take a brief retrospect of the fruit crops of #ahhc1 and inquire into the causes of successes and failures4 ,,strawberries4 ,we begin with the strawberry1 which1 though small and unpretentious1 has been from year to year rising in importance until it has become second only to the apple in the estimation of a majority of consumers4 ,the past year's experience has taught1 as does that of each year1 that great care should be taken in selecting varieties adapted to each particular soil and situation4 ,this may be said to be the important thing in strawberry growing4 ,it is a difficult thing to find such varieties by the ordinary means of selecting2 namely1 recourse to the catalogues of growers4 ,man has a wonderful amount of selfishness in his composition4 ,i say wonderful1 for it is a wonder when we consider how much better he would enjoy life were all selfishness eliminated from it1 and benevolence1 coupled with true self love1 were substituted4 ,each crow thinks its own young the blackest1 and each 7almost7 originator or exclusive owner of a new variety of plant or tree1 labors hard to convince himself and others that he has the best of his kind2 but1 owing to the weakness of human nature1 even the sincere among these are liable to be biased1 and thus mislead others4 ,the only safety1 therefore1 lies in planting such varieties as you know to succeed well near you in similar soil1 while new varieties1 commended as superior by persons of known integrity and experience1 for similar soil and climatic condition1 should be tried only on a small scale as an experiment4 ,if they succeed1 you can soon have plenty of plants of your own growing--if you prefer to grow them4 ,this advice1 though often before given will bear frequent repetition--for the desire for something new is as prevalent with us now as it was with the ,athenians in ,st4 ,paul's time4 ,we have seen ,big ,bobs1 ,great ,americans1 and other monstrosities dwindle to pigmies in the hands of ordinary cultivators1 and the demand for ,sharpless become less sharp through its sensitiveness to the influence of ,jack ,frost2 and hosts of other sorts1 really good and valuable somewhere1 and under peculiarly favorable conditions to be comparatively valueless for general cultivation4 ,therefore every person designing to plant should repeat to himself this injunction--,go slow on new varieties4 ,it is not desirable for persons who plant for their own use solely to select the pistillate varieties2 for these1 although the most profusely productive when well fertilized1 are liable to overrun their staminate neighbors1 and soon render the strawberry patch unproductive1 or productive only of small or imperfect fruit4 ,the leading pistillates offered in the catalogues now are ,crescent1 ,col4 ,cheney1 ,windsor ,chief1 ,jersey ,queen1 ,big ,bob1 ,manchester1 ,green ,prolific1 ,golden ,defiance1 ,champion1 ,park ,beauty1 ,gipsey1 and some others4 ,there are a few sorts1 having perfect blossoms1 which give profitable returns on a variety of soils1 and which may be considered safe to plant4 ,these are ,charles ,downing1 ,miner1 ,bidwell 7kept in single rows or single plants71 ,piper1 ,cumberland ,triumph1 ,phelps 7,old ,iron ,clad71 ,sucker ,state1 ,finch1 ,capt4 ,jack 7acid71 ,longfellow 7with good1 rich culture71 ,mt4 ,vernon 7late71 and for sandy soil1 ,kentucky 7late74 ,this list may be said to constitute the cream of the thousand and one varieties offered which have been well tested4 ,of course those who grow strawberries for market will plant largely of some of the pistillate sorts1 owing to their great productiveness4 ,the past year has taught the folly of too great haste in removing the covering from strawberry plants2 as those which bloomed early were badly damaged by the frost4 ,plantations1 also1 which were partially screened by rows and belts of evergreens produced twice to three times the quantity of fruit that was obtained from the same varieties fully exposed4 ,plants in orchards also escaped to a great degree1 for the trees were in leaf when the destructive frost occurred1 and thus gave partial protection4 ,strawberries are at home in a young orchard2 the cultivation given the plants is good for the trees1 and the slight shade of the young trees is no perceptible detriment to the plants or fruit4 ,the general crop was about one-third an average--the chief damage being done by the frost--though the tarnished plant-bug was very destructive in ,southern ,illinois1 and did some damage in other localities4 ,prices were from fifty to a hundred per cent higher than usual--supply and demand being the factors1 in the fruit trade1 as well as in all others1 which regulate prices4 ,spring is better than summer or autumn for planting strawberries4 ,in thirty years' experience in strawberry culture ,i have never1 except in two instances1 found any advantage in summer or fall planting1 and in these pot-plants were used1 which are too expensive for general planting and not always preferable4 ,three or four of the varieties named1 #ajj of each1 planted as early in spring as the ground is in good condition1 in rows three to three and a half feet apart1 and confined1 as they run1 to narrow strips1 will give an abundance of fruit for two or three years for a large family4 ,certainly such planting and care is as good an investment as can be made upon any farm or in any garden4 ,,raspberries ,,and ,,blackberries were more nearly a failure1 generally1 as a crop1 in #ahhc1 than strawberries1 but owing to a different cause1 namely1 the severe cold of the previous winter4 ,none of the cultivated varieties escaped unharmed wherever the mercury sank lower than #cj degrees below zero1 and #cb degrees below was marked nearly everywhere north of the latitude of ,peoria and ,bloomington1 in ,illinois1 and in many places #cf degrees below was recorded4 ,blackberries also suffered2 even the hardy ,snyder not escaping2 and a similar disaster threatens the crops of these species in #ahhd1 for as ,i write1 on a clear1 sunny day1 the mercury has not risen higher than #af degrees below zero1 and this morning 7,january #e17 was #cc degrees below here in ,peoria1 and #ce degrees below in ,bloomington4 ,the canes went into the winter in good order1 however1 and1 if no intense cold prevails hereafter1 the damage may be less than last winter when they were not as well hardened4 ,since we can not prevent the recurrence of these polar region down-pours1 we can prepare our canes of raspberries and blackberries for enduring such extreme cold1 by commencing cultivation early in the spring and discontinuing by the middle of ,june1 also by stopping the growth of young canes1 by pinching or chopping off1 when not more than two and a half feet high1 and again1 as soon as another foot in length is made1 stopping both uprights and laterals4 ,if all weak canes are kept cut out1 and those shortened for fruiting the next year not allowed to stand nearer than eight or ten inches of each other1 they will become ripe and firm in texture before cold weather overtakes them4 ,the hardiest of the red varieties are ,turner1 ,thwack1 and ,cuthbert2 and of the black-caps1 the ,soughegan 7earliest71 ,tyler1 and ,gregg 7latest74 ,the black-caps named endured the winter fully as well as the hardy red varieties4 ,of blackberries the ,snyder still heads the list for hardiness and general value north of the latitude named1 though ,early ,harvest bids fair to be of value4 ,taylor was damaged a little more than ,snyder1 while ,barnard1 ,ancient ,briton1 and ,stone's ,hardy rank with ,snyder for hardiness4 ,raspberries and blackberries should be planted early in the spring1 if not done in late autumn1 in rows six to eight feet apart4 ,red raspberries may be set two feet apart in the rows1 and black-caps and blackberries wider--two and one-half to four feet1 according to stock of plants or desire for quick returns2 for all will bear the next year after planting4 ,give good cultivation the first year and mulch in the fall1 along the rows of both raspberries and blackberries1 with manure free from grass seeds1 and cover the entire surface between the rows of blackberries with old prairie hay1 corncobs1 or straw2 or1 if cultivation the next year is intended1 the inter-row of mulch may be omitted4 ,the intense cold of these two consecutive winters should not deter land owners from planting these fruits4 ,these extremes come in cycles2 and1 though old ,jupiter is now1 and was last winter1 exerting an unusual disturbing influence upon our planet1 he will this year calm his temper and give us nine or ten years of respite from his powerful magnetic sway4 ,,currants1 ,,gooseberries1 ,,and ,,grapes were less affected by the severity of the winter of '#hc-'hd than by the late frosts of spring1 which destroyed the young shoots of grapes and the blossoms and young fruit of the berries4 ,currants are yearly growing in favor and the price of the fruit advancing2 and now currant culture is profitable and likely to continue so for a series of years4 ,ground can not well be made too rich for currants and gooseberries4 ,plant in rows four feet apart and plants three feet apart in the rows2 give thorough culture or deep mulch over the entire surface1 cut out all wood of three years' growth 7or after first crop is often considered better71 and a good crop is almost certain4 ,red ,dutch1 ,white ,grape1 ,victoria1 and ,versailles are still the favorites2 and ,american ,seedling 7or ,cluster7 and ,houghton are usually the most profitable gooseberries4 ,every one who can raise corn and potatoes can as easily raise1 with little trouble and expense1 grapes enough for a family's use4 ,plant such hardy sorts as ,moore's ,early1 ,worden1 ,concord1 and ,martha1 in rows seven or eight feet apart1 and same distance in the row1 give good cultivation the first year1 cut back to two or three feet in autumn1 lay the short canes on the ground and hold down with a spadeful of earth4 ,plant posts four feet high and stretch two ,no4 #ae wires along them--the upper one on top--and in the spring1 as the vines grow1 tie to the wires1 keeping one cane only for fruit this year and two new ones for next year's fruiting2 and a crop is as certain as a crop of corn4 ,cut out weak canes every year1 and encourage those starting nearest the ground1 cutting back each autumn one-half or two-thirds the growth2 cut out old canes4 ,it is not necessary to lay the canes down and hold them to the ground or cover in this latitude1 though this work will pay well4 ,in two weeks orchards will be discussed4 ,,illinois ,,horticultural ,,society4 ,the annual meeting of the ,executive ,board of the ,state ,horticultural ,society was held in the agricultural rooms at ,springfield1 ,january #ith4 ,present3 ,john ,m4 ,pearson1 ,godfrey1 ,president2 ,a4 ,c4 ,hammond1 ,warsaw1 ,secretary2 ,s4 ,m4 ,slade1 ,elgin1 ,arthur ,bryant1 ,princeton1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,g4 ,humphrey1 ,galesburg1 ,h4 ,m4 ,dunlap1 ,champaign1 and ,e4 ,a4 ,reihl1 ,alton4 ,a large amount of routine business was transacted1 not of public interest1 after which the board proceeded to arrange for a grand fruit exhibition1 to be made by the society at the next ,state ,fair4 ,this collection will not be entered for a premium1 but only to show the diversified horticultural products of the ,state4 ,the public-spirited citizens of ,illinois1 and particularly of ,chicago1 have decreed that the ,state ,fair of #ahhd shall eclipse anything of the kind ever held in the ,northwest1 and the ,state ,horticultural ,society1 desiring to keep abreast of the times1 will make a display of fruit that the ,state may well be proud of4 ,it was also decided to offer liberal premiums for horticultural products to be exhibited at the next winter meeting1 which will be held in the ,industrial ,university1 at ,champaign1 the first or second week in ,december4 ,after some discussion as to the best method of interesting the students in our work1 it was decided to offer premiums1 first and second1 for the best essays on horticultural subjects4 ,the board and members of the society hope that this offer will be the means of bringing out a number of papers from the young gentlemen and ladies of the institution4 ,there seems to be a determination evinced by the members of the board and society to make an aggressive1 vigorous campaign the present year1 and to bring our work more prominently before the people than ever before4 ,the following are the standing committees for the year3 ,orchard ,culture--,b4 ,f4 ,johnson1 ,champaign2 ,henry ,mortimore1 ,manteno4 ,forestry--,thomas ,gregg1 ,hamilton2 ,l4 ,c4 ,francis1 ,springfield4 ,vegetable ,gardening--,a4 ,l4 ,hays1 ,jacksonville4 ,grapes and ,grape ,culture--,ayres1 ,villa ,ridge2 ,m4 ,a4 ,baldwin1 ,jacksonville2 ,d4 ,j4 ,piper1 ,foreston4 ,strawberries--,j4 ,g4 ,bubach1 ,princeton2 ,henry ,wallace1 ,villa ,ridge2 ,o4 ,b4 ,galusha1 ,peoria4 ,raspberries1 ,blackberries1 ,currants1 and ,gooseberries--,h4 ,g4 ,vickroy1 ,normal2 ,wm4 ,jackson1 ,godfrey2 ,d4 ,wilmot ,scott1 ,galena4 ,pears--,c4 ,n4 ,dennis1 ,hamilton2 ,parker ,earle1 ,cobden2 ,w4 ,t4 ,nelson1 ,wilmington4 ,peaches--,j4 ,b4 ,spaulding1 ,riverton2 ,h4 ,c4 ,freeman1 ,alto ,pass4 ,plums and ,cherries--,dr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,sanborn1 ,anna2 ,l4 ,c4 ,francis1 ,springfield4 ,new ,fruits1 ,trees1 and ,plants--,j4 ,t4 ,johnson1 ,warsaw2 ,e4 ,hollister1 ,alton4 ,gathering and ,marketing ,fruits and ,vegetables--,r4 ,w4 ,hunt1 ,galesburg2 ,ed4 ,rogers1 ,upper ,alton4 ,utilizing ,fruits--,g4 ,h4 ,clayson1 ,crystal ,lake2 ---- ,roberts1 ,godfrey4 ,floriculture--,thomas ,franks1 ,champaign2 ,joseph ,heinl1 ,jacksonville4 ,landscape ,gardening--,j4 ,p4 ,bryant1 ,princeton2 ,prof4 ,standish1 ,galesburg4 ,vegetable ,physiology--,prof4 ,burrill1 ,champaign2 ,g4 ,h4 ,french1 ,carbondale4 ,entomology and ,ornithology--,prof4 ,s4 ,a4 ,forbes1 ,normal2 ,miss ,alice ,walton1 ,muscatine1 ,iowa2 ,miss ,emily ,a4 ,smith1 ,peoria4 ,geology and ,soils1 as ,affecting ,plant ,life--,wm4 ,mc,adams1 ,alton2 ,henry ,m4 ,bannister1 ,kankakee2 ,henry ,m4 ,shaw1 ,mt4 ,carrol4 ,horticultural ,adornment of ,home--,mrs4 ,lavina ,s4 ,humphrey4 ,galesburg2 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,n4 ,roberts1 ,alton2 ,mrs4 ,p4 ,v4 ,hathaway1 ,damascus4 ,the appointment of ad-interim committees was referred to the members of the board from each horticultural district4 ,a portion of them asked time for consultation1 which was granted4 ,when the entire committee in appointed1 the names will be reported to ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,hammond1 ,sec'y4 ,,diogenes ,,in ,,his ,,tub4 ,and first1 ,diogenes would discourse of that remarkable polar wave that struck us on ,saturday the #eth of the year1 and its probable effect on the fruit product4 ,great fear is manifested on all sides1 and not without grounds3 yet the conditions1 it seems to me1 have been so favorable that there is cause for hope4 ,remember that there was no very sudden change1 the temperature having been low for two or three weeks before1 and no sudden rise since4 ,the sudden changes seem to be the ones--coming in the midst of winter--that are the most destructive to our fruits4 ,so ,i conclude there is ground yet for hope2 and unless some future disaster should occur1 ,dio41 if living1 will expect to eat of several sorts of fruit this year grown on his own grounds4 ,keep in good heart1 brethren2 ,providence will send us all we deserve4 ,but hasn't that man at ,cape ,girardeau a level head8 ,dio4 himself could not have given as many sensible suggestions concerning farmers' libraries1 as he did in ,no4 #a4 ,all farmers and horticulturists can not go as deeply into periodicals as he1 but they can profitably go much deeper than they do4 ,take a farmer's home provided on his plan1 and then imagine1 if you can1 sensible sons running off to breaking on freight trains1 or selling soap and candies behind counters6 ,improbable4 ,and then1 again1 in ,no4 #b1 his thoughts on naming country houses4 ,how suggestive6 ,the ,editor in ,no4 #a1 favors interdiction of ,french liquors1 etc41 as retaliation for their interdiction of ,american pork4 ,dio4 says interdict them as a matter of protection to ourselves1 without regard to hog or hominy4 ,man of the ,prairie was looking out for a little colder weather4 ,did he find it--and is he satisfied8 ,an extremely suggestive paper that1 of ,prof4 ,budd's on the ,cherry ,possibilities4 ,further investigation in the wide field of ,european horticulture is demanded1 not only in regard to this but to most other fruits4 ,even unpromising sorts1 not prized there1 transplanted here1 may turn out to be the most valuable of any4 ,i fear the agricultural colleges are not taking as much interest in this matter as they ought4 ,our ,state ,society ought1 and doubtless does1 feel thankful to ,prof4 ,b41 for his presence and wise counsel at its late ,bloomington meeting4 ,his remarks will be found valuable reading in the forth-coming volume of ,transactions4 ,seedsmen's catalogues will soon be floating around thick as autumn leaves1 and planters will be puzzled what to buy4 ,my experience may be worth something3 ,of tomatoes1 ,i know nothing better than ,acme and ,trophy1 and ,i think favorably of the ,golden ,trophy--though with some the color is objectionable4 ,the ,short-horn carrot can't be beat for table use1 nor the ,egyptian beet4 ,of the former1 planted pretty thick in good soil1 in rows two feet apart1 #djj bushels per acre can easily be grown2 and besides being good for stock1 they are mighty good for men and women4 ,in squashes the ,hubbard and ,boston ,marrow are standbys1 and that little ,perfect ,gem is likely to prove ,a ,no4 #a4 ,and give me the ,stowell ,evergreen sweet corn and the ,winningstadt cabbage yet all the time4 ,but ,dio4 will not be fooled with so many new sorts in #ahhd as he has been in former years4 ,yes--increase the tax on dogs1 and collect it2 so say the ,iowa stock-breeders1 and so echoes every sensible friend of the farmer and his interests4 ,next time ,dio4 proposes to call up a subject of much importance to everybody1 and one that badly needs ventilating4 ,,dio4 ,,possibilities ,,of ,,cherry ,,growing4 ,the insertion of one little word gives too unfavorable an idea of the best varieties of the ,griotte cherries1 grown all over the interminable steppes north and east of the ,carpathian mountains in ,europe4 ,as printed the paragraph reads3 ,some of the thin-twigged ,griottes1 with dark skins and colored juice1 are as large as the ,morello and nearly or quite as sweet4 ,the copy reads--or should read--as large as the ,english ,morello and nearly or quid sweet4 ,as you say my object in talking the matter up is the hope of interesting some of the large nurserymen1 like those at ,bloomington1 in the desirable work of importing and propagating the ,griottes1 ,amarells1 and the ,asiatic sweet cherries known as ,spanish1 of the ,east plain1 on a large scale4 ,why should our ,western propagators permit our importing of fruits1 ornamental trees and shrubs1 to be done by the nurserymen of the ,eastern ,states4 ,if we turn to a good map of ,europe we will see at a glance that the importing of fruits so far has been from the west coast of ,france1 ,belgium1 and ,holland1 or from the south of ,england4 ,as with our west coast1 this whole region has been made a land of verdure by the soft1 humid air of the ,gulf stream4 ,tracing on the map the line of the ,carpathian and ,caucasus mountains1 we find three-fourths of all ,europe1 north and east of these ranges1 without a mountain or hill traced on the great expanse except the ,valdai hills1 and these are only bluffs not as high or extensive as those of our rivers and dividing ridges4 ,it is the greatest plain section of the world1 and is the ancient home of the best fruits of the temperate zones4 ,common sense should lead us to give trial to the horticultural products of this plain4 ,to find apples1 pears1 cherries1 and plums as hardy1 and as well adapted to the hot summers and cold winters of ,illinois and ,iowa as the ,fameuse apple1 we need not enter the empire of ,russia4 ,northeastern ,austria has a variable summer and winter climate1 which will not permit the growing of apples of the grade of hardiness of the ,ben ,davis1 ,stark1 ,jonathan1 and ,dominie2 of pears of the grade of ,flemish ,beauty1 or of cherries of the grade of ,early ,richmond as to foliage and ability to endure low temperature4 ,the commercial nursery-man who will visit the ,king's ,pomological ,institute1 at ,proskau1 in ,north ,silesia1 will see at a glance1 as he wanders over the ground1 that the fruits1 forest trees1 ornamental trees and shrubs of the nurseries of ,england1 ,france1 ,belgium1 etc41 suddenly disappear with the ,carpathians on the edge of the great steppes4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,budd1 ,,ag4 ,,college1 ,,ames1 ,,iowa4 ,prunings4 ,the soil for window boxes is the same as for plant culture in pots2 the best is that formed by rotted sods with a little well decomposed stable manure mixed with it4 ,rhubarb requires deep1 rich soil4 ,a good dressing of well-rotted manure1 put on the ground this winter when it is not frozen1 will start off the plants briskly in the spring4 ,the same is true for asparagus4 ,mr4 ,russel ,heath1 ,carpenteria1 ,cal41 has an ,english walnut orchard of two hundred acres of rich1 level land1 near the sea-shore4 ,the trees are from ten to twenty-five years planted4 ,his crop in #ahhb was #fcj sacks of #gj pounds each2 this season he expects the harvest will aggregate about one-third more4 ,gardener's ,monthly3 ,the writer found among the gardeners in ,canada1 when in that country recently1 that the ,english plan of preserving grapes in bottles of water was in not uncommon use4 ,the bunches are cut with pieces of stems1 and then so arranged that the ends are in bottles of water4 ,by this plan the grapes can be preserved far into the spring season4 ,the ,american ,cultivator3 ,can you tell we what kind of weather we may expect next month8 wrote a farmer to the editor of his paper1 and the editor replied3 ,it is my belief that the weather next month will be like your subscription bill4 ,the farmer wondered for an hour what the editor was driving at1 when he happened to think of the word unsettled1 and he sent a postal note forthwith4 ,the ,farmer and ,fruit ,grower3 ,mr4 ,willis1 ,lamer1 a prominent fruit grower of the ,cobden region1 says he very distinctly remembers that the freeze of #ahfd killed young fruit trees to the snow line1 and that he cut his peach trees to that line1 and saved that much4 ,in #ahfd the temperature was about the same as it was on ,january #e1 #ahhd--;in the neighborhood of #ba degrees below zero4 ,mr4 ,lamer thought no damage was done to strawberry plants4 ,a pomologist gives the following excellent advice in regard to maintaining the fertility of fruit lands3 ,encourage the utmost variety of vegetable growth near and upon your orchard lands1 and never rob the soil of its honest dues4 ,give judicious and thorough cultivation and pruning2 and with our generous soils and climate1 ,i do not believe the child is yet born that will live to see our orchards languish on account of poverty of soil1 or any necessity arise for the importation of fertilizers4 ,the ,country ,gentleman says two things are necessary for the growing of good asparagus1 namely1 plenty of room for the plant to grow1 and copious manuring4 ,the latter is best applied to thick beds by covering the whole surface with manure two or three inches thick1 late in autumn1 and forking it in very early in spring1 before the new shoots start4 ,thick beds1 however1 should not be planted1 but the plants allowed three or four feet each way to each4 ,three by five is a common and suitable distance1 and large stalks may be obtained in this way4 ,charles ,merritt1 of ,battle ,creek1 has been very successful with strawberries4 ,his plan is to plant rows about two and one-half feet apart and plants nine inches in the row2 he prefers the spring time4 ,he manures highly1 cultivates thoroughly and mulches with clean straw late in the autumn4 ,the next season he gets a large crop1 and1 while he is taking it off1 another patch is being treated in a similar manner for the next year's crop4 ,the second year with any bed he simply pulls out the weeds1 and after picking turns it under4 ,this plan proves to be satisfactory4 ,t4 ,f4 ,leeper1 of ,warsaw ,horticultural ,society1 says3 ,i have been greatly interested in the condition of orchards this season1 and have examined quite a number4 ,one orchard in my neighborhood died during the summer--,i supposed it was winter-killed1 but an investigation showed that the roots had been destroyed by mice4 ,last spring ,i reported a number of trees in my orchard1 winter-killed4 ,these trees have been dug up and it appears that they too1 were killed by mice4 ,in my orchard the greatest injury by winter-killing has occurred in the draws or low places and ,i would not plant another orchard without tile drawing such places4 ,illustration ,,floriculture ,gleanings by an ,old ,florist4 ,,the ,,pansy4 ,gray1 in his ,manual1 says3 ,viola tricolor 7pansy or heart's-ease7 is common in dry or sandy soil4 ,from ,new ,york to ,kentucky and southward1 doubtless only a small portion of the garden pansy runs wild4 ,naturalized from ,europe4 ,seen in this condition the flowers are very small1 not more than one-half an inch across and oblong in shape4 ,cultivated at its best it has a flower two inches in diameter1 almost an exact circle in outline4 ,all this has been brought about by lovers of flowers during a long period of years1 by saving the seed of only the best1 a sort of survival of the fittest1 and only to be kept up by rich soil and constant cultivation1 for if left to itself the pansy dwindles back into its original nature4 ,it has another peculiarity also3 the young plants always bring the largest flowers1 so that if the extra large flowers are wanted they can be obtained only by seed annually1 or a division of the old roots by cuttings4 ,the latter is too much trouble for most cultivators in the country1 and named kinds are never thought of1 while in the old they used to be2 perhaps it is still common for the pansy grower to name his pets1 and reproduce them each year by cuttings or division of the roots4 ,the seed that brings the largest and best flowers generally come from ,germany1 although some of our own florists save them themselves for several consecutive years4 ,i was a long time before any fixed character was maintained in color in this flower1 but now seed from certain kinds will mainly reproduce its like1 hence are often so used for massing kinds of a color4 ,the plant being a native of the cooler and moister parts of ,europe is better adapted to their climate than ours1 and hence as our spring weather is more nearly like their original climate than our other seasons1 they luxuriate in it2 it is the only season in which the florist finds much of a market for his goods1 and even then he receives some round abuse for selling very large noble flowers that quickly deteriorate after leaving his hands4 ,this1 however1 is not his fault1 the hot weather being one cause1 the other that the plant refuses to produce large flowers except in its young state4 ,there are two methods adopted by a florist in the preparation of his stock2 one1 by sowing the seed in the fall and wintering the young plants in cold frames1 or even by means of a slight protection of brush4 ,the other by sowing the seed on a bench in the green-house in ,january4 ,if sown in the fall early enough to get well into rough leaf1 if they do not flower in the fall1 which they usually will do1 they are ready to do so at the first peep of spring1 as they flower at a comparatively low temperature4 ,if sown in ,january1 they are transplanted once on other benches1 from which they are lifted and transferred either to the outside borders or to other cold frames as the case may be4 ,it is not best to keep them in a green-house longer than necessary1 say the first of ,march1 as the conditions of a green-house will bring about the small flowers similar to the hot weather of the summer4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,pansy4 ,by the different systems the market florist can have his goods always at their best during the selling season1 which ranges from the first of ,march up to the first of ,june4 ,they are so easily grown he can afford to sell cheap1 even if his goods are of the very best1 and will usually bring about seventy-five cents by the single dozen1 down to as low as three dollars by the hundred4 ,enough sod should hang to the roots to keep them fresh1 and they will1 after planting1 go on flowering just as though they had never been disturbed4 ,nothing can be done with this plant1 at least worthy of the name1 in the window1 hence it should not be attempted4 ,to enjoy the large flowers as long as possible during summer1 if there is any choice of position1 give them the coolest and moistest place in the garden1 not forgetting plenty of watering in dry spells4 ,a rich1 loamy soil1 inclined to be porous1 will give the best satisfaction1 but almost any garden soil will grow them4 ,,edgar ,,sanders4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,drainage4 ,,practical ,,farm ,,drainage4 ,,why1 ,,when1 and ,,how ,,to ,,tile-,,drain --,,and ,,the-- ,,manufacture ,,of ,,drain-,,tile4 ,by ,c4,g4 ,,elliott and ,j4,j4,w4 ,,billingsley ,,price1 ,,one ,,dollar4 ,for sale by 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but we do not require both papers to be sent to the same person or to the same post-office4 ,we send specimen copies only of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,our responsibility for other publications ceases on the receipt of the first number2 when such journals are not received within a reasonable time1 notify us1 giving date of your order1 also full name and address of subscriber4 ,,weeklies4 ,price of ,the two the two4 for ,harper's ,weekly #f #jj #d #fj ,harper's ,bazar #f #jj #d #fj ,harper's ,young ,people #c #ej #b #ee ,new ,york ,tribune #d #jj #b #ej ,toledo ,blade #d #jj #b #bj ,chicago ,times #c #be #b #ej ,chicago ,tribune #c #ej #b #ej ,chicago ,inter-,ocean #c #ae #b #ej ,chicago ,journal #c #be #b #ej ,peck's ,sun #c #ge #c #jj ,milwaukee ,sentinel #c #jj #b #ej ,western ,farmer 7,madison1 ,wis47 #c #jj #b #jj ,burlington ,hawkeye #d #jj #c #jj ,the ,continent 7,weekly ,magazine7 #f #jj #e #jj ,detroit ,free ,press1 with ,supplement #d #jj #b #ej ,detroit ,free ,press1 ,state 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#ej ,north ,american ,review #g #jj #e #ej ,popular ,science ,monthly #g #jj #e #ej ,lippincott's ,magazine #e #jj #d #ej ,godey's ,lady's ,book #d #jj #c #jj ,st4 ,nicholas #e #jj #c #ej ,vick's ,illustrated ,magazine #c #be #b #be ,am4 ,poultry ,journal 7,chicago7 #c #be #b #ge ,american ,bee ,journal #c #jj #b #be ,gardener's ,monthly #d #jj #c #jj ,wide ,awake #d #ej #c #jj ,phrenological ,journal #d #jj #c #jj ,american ,agriculturist #c #ej #b #ej ,poultry ,world #c #be #b #ge ,arthur's ,home ,magazine #d #jj #c #fj ,andrews' ,bazar #c #jj #b #dj ,frank ,leslie's ,popular ,monthly #e #jj #d #jj ,frank ,leslie's ,sunday ,magazine #e #jj #d #jj ,frank ,leslie's ,ladies' ,magazine #d #ej #d #jj ,our ,little ,ones #c #ej #c #jj ,peterson's ,magazine #d #jj #c #cj ,art ,amateur #f #jj #e #jj ,demorest's ,magazine #d #jj #c #jj ,dio ,lewis' ,monthly #d #ej #c #ej ,for clubbing price with any publication in the ,united ,states not included in the above list send us inquiry on postal card4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seeds1 ,etc4 ,illustration3 ,,ferry',s ,,seed ,,annual ,,for #ahhd ,will be mailed ,,free ,,to ,,all applicants and to customers of last year without ordering it4 ,it contains illustrations1 prices1 descriptions and directions for planting all ,vegetable and ,flower ,seeds1 ,plants1 etc4 ,,invaluable ,,to ,,all4 ,d4 ,m4 ,,ferry ,,co4 ,,detroit1 ,mich4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j4 ,b4 ,,root ,,co4',s ,illustration ,illustr'd ,garden ,manual of ,,vegetable and ,,flower ,,seeds1 ready for all applicants4 ,market ,gardeners ,,seeds a ,specialty4 ,write for ,wholesale ,price-,list1 ,,sent ,,free ,,rockford1 ,,illinois4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,consumption4 ,i have a positive remedy for the above disease2 by its use thousands of cases of the worst kind and of long standing have been cured4 ,indeed1 so strong is my faith in its efficacy1 that ,i will send ,,two ,,bottles ,,free1 together with a ,,valuable ,,treatise on this disease1 to any sufferer4 ,give ,express ,p4,o4 address4 ,,dr4 ,t4,a4 ,,slocum1 #aha ,pearl ,st41 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,best ,,is ,,the ,,cheapest4 ,,engines ,,saw ,,mills1 ,,threshers1 ,,horse ,,powers1 7,for all sections and purposes47 ,write for ,,free ,pamphlet and ,prices to ,the ,aultman ,taylor ,co41 ,mansfield1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,publishers' ,,notice4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is printed and published by ,the ,prairie ,farmer ,publishing ,company1 every ,saturday1 at ,no4 #aej ,monroe ,street4 ,subscription1 #b4jj per year1 in advance1 postage prepaid4 ,subscribers wishing their addresses changed should give their old as well as new addresses4 ,advertising1 #be cents per line on inside pages2 #cj cents per line on last page--agate measure2 #ad lines to the inch4 ,no less charge than #b4jj4 ,all ,communications1 ,remittances1 etc41 should be addressed to ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,company1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,prairie ,farmer ,,entered ,,at ,,the ,,chicago ,,office ,,as ,,second-,,class ,,matter4 ,,chicago1 ,,january #bf1 #ahhd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,when ,,subscriptions ,,expire4 ,we have several calls for an explanation of the figures following the name of subscribers as printed upon this paper each week4 ,the first two figures indicate the volume1 and the last figure or figures the number of the last paper of that volume for which the subscriber has paid3 ,,example3 ,john ,smith1 #ef-bf4 ,john has paid for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer to the first of ,july of the present year1 volume #ef4 ,any subscriber can at once tell when his subscription expires by referring to volume and number as given on first page of the paper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,original location of ,table of ,contents4 99 99 99 99 99 #ahda4 #ahhd4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,prospectus ,,for #ahhd4 ,,see ,,inducements ,,offered ,,subscribe ,,now4 ,for forty-three years ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer has stood at the front in agricultural journalism4 ,it has kept pace with the progress and development of the country1 holding its steady course through all these forty-three years1 encouraging1 counseling1 and educating its thousands of readers4 ,it has labored earnestly in the interest of all who are engaged in the rural industries of the country1 and that it has labored successfully is abundantly shown by the prominence and prestige it has achieved1 and the hold it has upon the agricultural classes4 ,its managers are conscious from comparison with other journals of its class1 and from the uniform testimony of its readers1 that it is foremost among the farm and home papers of the country4 ,it will not be permitted to lose this proud position2 we shall spare no efforts to maintain its usefulness and make it indispensable to farmers1 stock-raisers1 feeders1 dairymen1 horticulturalists1 gardeners1 and all others engaged in rural pursuits4 ,it will enter upon its forty-fourth year under auspices1 in every point of view1 more encouraging than ever before in its history4 ,its mission has always been1 and will continue to be-- ,to discuss the most approved practices in all agricultural and horticultural pursuits4 ,to set forth the merits of the best breeds of domestic animals1 and to elucidate the principles of correct breeding and management4 ,to further the work of agricultural and horticultural organization4 ,to advocate industrial education in the correct sense of the term4 ,to lead the van in the great contest of the people against monopolies and the unjust encroachments of capital4 ,to discuss the events and questions of the day without fear or favor4 ,to provide information concerning the public domain1 ,western soil1 climate1 water1 railroads1 schools1 churches1 and society4 ,to answer inquiries on all manner of subjects coming within its sphere4 ,to furnish the latest and most important industrial news at home and abroad4 ,to give full and reliable crop1 weather1 and market reports4 ,to present the family with pure1 choice1 and interesting literature4 ,to amuse and instruct the young folks4 ,to gather and condense the general news of the day4 ,to be1 in brief1 an indispensable and unexceptionable farm and home companion for the people of the whole country4 ,the style and form of the paper are now exactly what they should be4 ,the paper used is of superior quality4 ,the type is bold and clear4 ,the illustrations are superb4 ,the departments are varied and carefully arranged4 ,the editorial force is large and capable4 ,the list of contributors is greatly increased1 and embraces a stronger array of talent than is employed on any similar paper in this country4 ,we challenge comparison with any agricultural journal in the land4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is designed for all sections of the country4 ,in entering upon the campaign of #ahhd1 we urge all patrons and friends to continue their good works in extending the circulation of our paper4 ,on our part we promise to leave nothing undone that it is possible for faithful1 earnest work--aided by money and every needed mechanical facility--to do to make the paper in every respect still better than it has ever been before4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,special ,,notice ,to each ,subscriber who will remit us #b4jj between now and ,february #ast1 #ahhd1 we will mail a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,for ,,one ,,year1 ,,and ,,one ,,of ,,our ,,new ,,standard ,,time ,,commercial ,,maps ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,and ,,canada--showing all the ,counties1 ,railroads1 and ,principal ,towns up to date4 ,this comprehensive map embraces all the country from the ,pacific ,coast to ,eastern ,new ,brunswick1 and as far north as the parallel of #eb deg41 crossing ,hudson's ,bay4 ,british ,columbia2 ,manitoba1 with its many new settlements2 and the line of the ,canadian ,pacific ,railway1 completed and under construction1 are accurately and distinctly delineated4 ,it extends so far south as to ,include ,key ,west and more than half of the ,republic of ,mexico4 ,it is eminently adapted for home1 school1 and office purposes4 ,the retail price of the ,map alone is #b4jj4 ,size1 #eh #da inches4 ,scale1 about sixty miles to one inch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,read ,,this4 ,,another ,,special ,,offer4 ,illustration ,,the ,,little ,,detective4 ,,weighs #a_/d ,,oz4 ,,to #be ,,lbs4 ,every housekeeper ought to have this very useful scale4 ,the weight of article bought or sold may readily be known4 ,required proportions in culinary operations are accurately ascertained4 ,we have furnished hundreds of them to subscribers1 and they give entire satisfaction4 ,during ,january1 #ahhd1 to any person sending us ,,three ,,subscribers1 at #b4jj each1 we will give one of these scales1 and to each of the three subscribers ,ropp's ,calculator1 ,no4 #a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,our ,,premium ,,list4 ,revised1 extended1 and properly illustrated will this week be sent to every subscriber4 ,there must be something offered in it that every one needs or would like to have4 ,the terms are the most liberal ever offered4 ,all readers are hereby constituted agents to solicit subscriptions to ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,if those who can not enlist in the work will hand the ,,premium ,,list to some person who will do so1 they will confer a great favor upon the publishers and editors4 ,what we all want is to double our present list before the first day of ,april4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,renew6 ,,renew66 ,remember that every yearly subscriber1 either new or renewing1 sending us #b1 receives a splendid new map of the ,united ,states and ,canada--#eh #da inches--,,free4 ,or1 if preferred1 one of the books offered in another column4 ,it is not necessary to wait until a subscription expires before renewing4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,we ,,want ,,agents in every locality4 ,we offer very liberal terms and good pay4 ,send for sample copies and terms to agents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,adams ,county 7,ill47 ,fair at ,camp ,point will be held the first week in ,september4 ,the premium list is out4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the seventh annual fair at ,jerseyville1 ,ill41 will be held commencing ,tuesday1 ,october #ad1 #ahhd1 and continue four days1 with #e1jjj premiums4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at the ,cape of ,good ,hope ,agricultural ,society's trials1 ,november #aa1 #ahhc1 the ,johnston ,harvester ,company were #ast in the trial field1 and also for the machine best adapted for the colony4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the growth of the ,western live stock business has stimulated parties to organize a ,union ,stock ,yards ,company at ,sioux ,city1 ,iowa4 ,the company has a capital of #ajj1jjj4 ,the shipping of dressed beef may become a branch of its business4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one of the most popular and instructive essays at the late ,wisconsin ,dairymen's ,convention was entitled ,,the ,,farmer',s ,,garden1 contributed by ,j4 ,m4 ,smith1 ,esq41 of ,green ,bay4 ,this essay will appear1 in full1 in the next issue of the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,french papers declare that the ,government crop reports for #ahhc are exaggerations4 ,if land has risen in value and stock doubled in price1 the extra cost of running a farm more than makes up for it4 ,the impost duty on all agricultural products has also alarmingly increased4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,merritt1 ,united ,states ,consul ,general at ,london1 directs attention to the falling off in the value of exports from ,great ,britain to the ,united ,states during the fiscal year ended ,september #cj1 #ahhc4 ,the total value of declared exports from the various ,united ,states consular districts in ,great ,britain and ,ireland during the year was #afe1bjg1ihg1 a reduction from the figures for the preceding year of #ad1bca1heh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,calkins1 member of ,congress from ,indiana1 succeeded on ,monday in getting a suspension of the rules and the passage of a bill providing that in any suit against an innocent purchaser of an article manufactured in violation of the patent law1 if the plaintiff shall not recover twenty dollars or over1 he shall recover no costs4 ,this bill is a blow aimed at the drive-well patent agents1 and others of that ilk who are perambulating the country to the annoyance of farmers4 ,if the bill passes the ,senate1 and there appears no valid reason why it shall not1 it will put an end to this species of robbery now so prevalent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the only general advices we have regarding winter wheat come through the extensive grain commission house of ,w4 ,t4 ,baker ,co41 ,chicago4 ,they have private reports which indicate that the crop maintains a very high average1 and1 with the exception of a few points in ,southern ,illinois1 ,kentucky1 and ,tennessee1 is doing as well as could be expected at this season of the year4 ,in ,kentucky and ,tennessee the ground is quite bare of snow1 but north of the ,ohio river1 from ,kansas to ,ohio1 the wheat1 as a general thing1 is well covered4 ,the crop1 however1 was generally sown late1 and in many quarters fears are entertained of the final outcome4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,nebraska ,state ,farmers' ,alliance held a meeting at ,kearney on ,wednesday of last week4 ,a platform was adopted declaring in favor of national legislation to regulate railway traffic1 demanding the abolition of national banks and the substitution of ,government currency1 demanding a tariff for revenue only1 expressing sympathy with labor1 asking protection to labor organizations1 recommending the abolition of convict labor1 asking ,congress to reclaim all unclaimed land grants and reserve the public domain for actual settlers1 and opposing the acquisition of public land by foreigners4 99 99 99 99 99 ,do not forget that the ,annual ,farmers' ,institute1 or ,agricultural ,lecture ,course1 at the ,illinois ,industrial ,university will be held from ,tuesday1 ,january #bith1 to ,friday1 ,february #a1 #ahhd4 ,four lectures will be given each day1 at #aj a4m41 #aa a4m41 #b p4m4 and #c p4m41 by ,dr4 ,peabody1 ,regent of the ,university1 ,professors ,burrill1 ,jillson1 ,mc,murtrie1 ,morrow and others4 ,the topics discussed will be3 ,soils--,their ,origin1 ,physical ,characteristics1 ,chemical ,composition1 ,drainage1 ,cultivation1 ,fertilization2 ,plants--,their ,structure1 ,growth1 ,nutrition1 ,seeds1 ,movement of ,sap1 ,development and ,distribution1 ,economic ,products4 ,addresses will be given in the evenings by ,dr4 ,peabody1 ,governor ,hamilton and others4 ,these lectures and addresses are given as a part of the work of the ,college of ,agriculture of the ,university4 ,no fees or examinations are required4 ,all interested are cordially invited to attend4 ,,the ,,cost ,,of ,,cold ,,winds4 ,prof4 ,shelton1 of the ,kansas ,agricultural ,college1 puts the question of sheltering stock in an exceedingly pointed manner4 ,he has lately been feeding ten steers in an experimental way4 ,he found that for the period of ten days ending ,december #bi1 the average gain per head was thirty-one and one-tenth pounds4 ,the weather was warm and sunny4 ,the steers were fed in an unbattened board shed4 ,during the succeeding ten days1 when the cold was intense almost the entire time1 the same steers1 fed on the same rations1 and in the same shed1 gained but six and six-tenths pounds per head4 ,about a year ago the ,professor fed a lot of pigs for three weeks of the coldest weather1 in open yards1 and found them to consume more than three times the amount of food to pound of increase than the same number of pigs in the warm basement of the barn4 ,he has a cow kept in a bleak ,kansas barn which shrinks in her milk from one-fourth to one-half after twenty-four hours of very severe weather4 ,from all this the conclusion is what we have so often taught in these columns1 though not as forcibly as the ,professor teaches by his careful experiments1 that you can not burn feed as fuel to support the body of an animal and at the same time have the animal stow it away in the form of muscle and fat4 ,the fact is that our farmers throw away one-half their feed in furnishing animal heat that they might just as well save by paying a small lumber bill and expending a moderate amount of labor4 ,,good ,,work ,,at ,,washington4 ,surely the ,house of ,representatives is getting down to solid work since the holiday vacation4 ,mr4 ,holman1 for instance1 found no great difficulty in getting a resolution passed declaring that in the judgment of the ,house all public lands heretofore granted to ,states and corporations in aid of the construction of railroads1 so far as the same is subject to forfeiture by reason of the nonfulfillment of the conditions on which the grants were made1 ought to be declared forfeited by the ,united ,states1 and restored to the public domain4 ,this was good work1 but ,mr4 ,holman's second resolution1 also passed1 was fully as much in accordance with public feeling and desire4 ,it is to the effect that our laws relating to public lands should be so framed and administered as to ultimately secure freeholds to the greatest number of citizens1 and to this end all laws facilitating speculation in public lands authorizing or permitting entry or purchase in large bodies ought to be repealed1 and all public lands adapted to agriculture1 subject to bounty grants1 and those in aid of education ought to be reserved for the benefit of actual and bona fide settlers1 and disposed of only under the provisions of the homestead law4 ,there was some opposition to this resolution4 ,mr4 ,kasson feared such a law might work injury to the cattle industry4 ,mr4 ,bedford1 however1 neutralized ,mr4 ,kasson's influence by declaring that he did not propose that four or five cattle kings should own the ,west as four or five railway kings own the ,east4 ,it may be that our readers would like to take down the names of members who voted against the resolutions4 ,here they are3 ,barksdale1 ,bingham1 ,bisbee1 ,george1 ,horr1 ,kean1 ,libbey1 ,lyman1 ,morse1 ,muldrow1 ,poland1 ,ranney1 ,reed1 ,rice1 ,russell1 ,stone1 ,van ,eaton1 ,whiting4 ,now that the representatives have resolved that these things ought to be done let us see if they will stand up to the rack and attend to their part of the doing4 ,,wisconsin ,,meetings4 ,feb4 #e and #f--,the ,state ,horticultural ,society in ,senate ,chamber1 ,madison4 ,feb4 #e--,the ,wisconsin ,cane-,growers ,association1 ,madison4 ,prof4 ,wiley of the ,department of ,agriculture will be present4 ,feb4 #f1 #g1 and #h--;,farmers' ,state ,convention1 under the auspices of the ,state ,society1 at capitol4 ,feb4 #ac and #ad--afth annual meeting of the ,southern ,wisconsin ,cane-,growers' and ,manufacturers' ,association at ,whitewater4 ,feb4 #f--,the ,wisconsin ,swine ,breeders will hold a meeting at the capitol1 for the transaction of such business as may come before them and the discussion of subjects appertaining to successful breeding and feeding of swine4 ,all interested in this subject are invited to attend4 ,answers to ,correspondents4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,mcconaughy1 ,,rochelle1 ,,ill4--#a4 ,how can ,i secure a blue-grass pasture8 #b4 ,how much seed to acre8 #c4 ,can blue-grass be grown successfully mixed with other grasses8 #d4 ,what season and what soil is best adapted to secure a good catch8 #e4 ,can it be grown on low1 wet land8 ,,answer4--#a4 ,there are almost as many ways to obtain a blue-grass pasture as there are men who undertake the job1 though essentially the practices are alike4 ,the usual method is to sow the seed in the spring or fall1 either alone or with clover or timothy4 #b4 ,the seed is very light and chaffy1 and weighs only fourteen pounds to the bushel1 and the amount sown varies from five to seven pounds to the acre4 #c4 ,yes1 though after a few years blue-grass1 on a true blue-grass soil1 roots every other grass out and reigns with a divided empire with white clover4 #d4 ,any good corn or wheat soil will produce good blue-grass--the usual method of obtaining a blue-grass pasture is as follows3 ,to one bushel of good timothy seed one quart of red clover is added1 and this quantity is made to cover from five to six acres4 ,the seeding may be done in the fall with fall grain1 in the spring with oats1 or on stubble or wheat land on the snow in ,february4 ,after1 in the month of ,august from a peck to a half bushel of blue-grass is sown upon the young timothy and clover4 ,but little or nothing can be seen of the blue-grass for the first year and it does not show vigorously until the third year4 ,thereafter if the soil is a true blue-grass one and the land is pastured1 blue-grass and white clover dominate to the exclusion of everything else4 ,perhaps the surest way to obtain a stand of timothy and thereafter a set of blue-grass1 is to prepare the land carefully and sow rye in ,october4 ,on this sow timothy and red clover as above on the snow in ,february or ,march2 pasture the rye1 but not too closely1 to #aeth of ,may4 ,harvest the rye at the usual time1 and the yield will be all the better for the pasturing1 and sow the blue-grass seed on the stubble in ,august4 #e4 ,no1 but red top will in spite of your best efforts to the contrary unless you till and thoroughly break up the land4 ,,john ,,zimmerman1 ,,cameron1 ,,mo4--#a4 ,has setting trees on a fence line as posts for barb-wire been a success8 #b4 ,if so what kind of tree is the best8 #c4 ,will the hardy catalpa do1 if so what distance apart8 ,,answer4--#a4 ,barb-wire has not been introduced and used long enough for trees set for the purpose of posts to grow to a sufficient size4 ,but in many cases aged ,osage orange hedges1 which have been suffered to grow up1 have been thinned out so as to leave a tree every ten1 twelve1 or fifteen feet1 and on these barbed-wires have been strung and made a fence1 which so far has proved satisfactory4 ,the same success was obtained where fruit and shade trees standing in a line have had barbed-wire attached to them4 ,but the precaution must be taken to nail a strip--a common fence picket will answer--to the tree and then the barb-wire to that4 ,if this is not done1 and the wire is fastened by a staple to the tree1 the wood soon overgrows1 cracks and increases the strain on the wire1 damages the tree and spoils the fence4 #b4 ,almost any fast growing tree will do1 but hard wood varieties are preferable4 #c4 ,the hardy catalpa may do1 but for low land we would just as soon have the common willow4 ,eight feet apart is a good distance4 ,the wires may be fastened to these when they have acquired a diameter of four or five inches1 and later every other post may be removed4 ,for high and dry land in your latitude one ,osage orange is worth a half-dozen catalpas1 because it is just as easily grown--and when grown it furnishes the strongest and most lasting timber known4 ,we may add here1 that where a fence is wanted across sloughs1 or through permanently wet or moist land1 posts large enough for barbed-wire may be grown in a couple of years or so--this by cutting stakes six or seven feet long and from three to five inches in diameter from the common willow1 and setting them in ,march4 ,the stakes require attention the first summer1 in case of dry weather or drouth1 but nothing more than that the moist earth shall be pressed up against them to prevent the young roots from drying out4 ,m4 ,d4 ,,vincent1 ,,springfield1 ,,mo4--#a4 ,can you tell me how badly oranges were frosted during the late cold spell in ,florida8 #b4 ,is there a record of colder weather at ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c41 ,savannah1 ,ga41 if so when was it8 ,,answer4--#a4 ,it is hard getting at the facts4 ,one report is that neither oranges nor the trees were injured at ,palatka1 fifty miles south of ,jacksonville1 while another just as credible says the fruit was badly frozen on the trees as far south as ,enterprise1 #ajj miles south of ,jacksonville4 ,the probabilities are1 that there was a good deal of damage done to fruit on the trees1 but no permanent or serious injury to the orchards4 #b4 ,the mercury may not have been lower for #ajj years at ,charleston or ,savannah than the late cold spell1 but during the winter of #ahcd-ce the weather was so severe the orange trees were killed to the ground #ajj miles south of ,jacksonville4 ,snow to a foot in depth fell at ,millidgeville1 ,ga41 ,lat4 #cc1 and several inches over all northern ,florida4 ,some apprehensions are felt that these southern sections are not safe from severe frosts for this winter and the next1 since it is pretty well known that these extreme cold periods return about every half-century--the winters of near fifty and one hundred years ago having been made remarkable by terribly severe and protracted cold4 ,j4 ,h4 ,j4 ,,watertown1 ,,wis4--,give us the best remedy for chillblains8 ,,answer4--,tincture of iodine painted over the parts2 or #aj grains of salicylic acid extended in an ounce of half water and half alcohol4 ,both to be applied with great caution1 and largely diluted where the skin is broken and ulcers have formed4 ,,charles ,c4 ,,peters1 ,,olney1 ,,ill4--,if you were about to plant an orchard on levelish1 but at the same time naturally well drained land1 would you advise throwing up ridges as the common custom is in some sections8 ,,answer4--,it might be advantageous to throw up ridges so as to secure permanent moisture2 but the trees should be set in the depression between them instead of on the ridges4 ,,thoroughbred1 ,,lexington1 ,,ky4--,there is a belief or an opinion current among a class of breeders1 always ready to accept and experiment with new fangled notions1 that the draft breeds imported from abroad1 especially the high priced ,french horses1 are fed from birth on a more or less regular ration of bone or flesh meal4 ,this they claim is for the purpose of developing bone and muscle4 ,what do you know of the facts8 ,,answer4--,not much4 ,some of the foreign journals contain accounts of experiments in feeding soluble phosphates of lime1 but no two agree on results1 except that when the salt is judicially fed1 no harm is done4 ,the subject is worthy of investigation and especially by ,kentucky breeders1 since it would establish the claim that their soil1 being especially rich in the phosphates and nitrogen1 produces grain1 hay1 and forage of superior strength for feeding purposes1 which appear again1 in their high bred stock of horses1 sheep1 and cattle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the fourth ,national ,agricultural ,convention1 under the auspices of the ,american ,agricultural ,association1 will be held at the ,grand ,central ,hotel1 ,new ,york ,city1 ,wednesday and ,thursday1 ,february #fth and #gth1 #ahhd4 ,addresses will be delivered and papers read by leading thinkers and writers on topics of general interest1 and all identified with agriculture and kindred pursuits are cordially invited to be present and participate in the proceedings4 ,delegates will be present from all sections of the country1 and arrangements for reduced rates of fare are being made with the railroads leading into ,new ,york4 ,the annual meeting for the election of officers and the transaction of other business1 including the matter of a national agricultural fair1 will be held at #ab m4 of the first day of the ,convention4 ,wayside ,notes4 ,,by ,a ,,man ,,of ,,the ,,prairie4 ,i notice that ,mr4 ,sanders1 of the ,treasury ,cattle ,commission1 thinks it beneath the dignity of ,congress to adopt retaliatory measures against ,france and ,germany for prohibiting ,american pork products from entering those countries4 ,he thinks it a far better scheme to appoint a small army of inspectors to examine all the pork before it is shipped from this country4 ,this might be more dignified1 and after a time effectual1 but how shall we make ,france and ,germany stop shipping their poisoned goods to this country8 ,will they be equally dignified and appoint inspectors on their side that will be satisfactory to our people4 ,probably they would after a few months of prohibition2 never before4 ,dignity is a good thing1 but protection to the health and wealth of the people is better4 ,besides1 ,government inspectors are expensive luxuries1 and by no means always efficient4 ,a fat ,government appointment is a nice thing--for the appointee1 as ,mr4 ,sanders is aware1 but it is not profitable to the tax-payers of the country to multiply them too extensively4 ,in my opinion the easiest way out of the muddle is to strike back and to hit where it will hurt worst4 99 99 99 99 99 ,clinton ,babbitt1 ,secretary of the ,wisconsin ,state ,agricultural ,society1 is reported to have said at the late meeting of the ,state ,dairymen's ,association that he had a very poor opinion of editors4 ,in fact1 that he held them in about the same esteem as ,ben ,butler does4 ,now ,i don't suppose it makes an iota of difference to any editor under the sun what ,butler or ,babbitt think of him2 what ,ben and ,clint need to look out for is what the editors think of them4 ,big ,ben got an inkling of this a few weeks ago2 ,little ,clint's turn may come next4 99 99 99 99 99 ,for some time ,i have been noticing the advanced style of writing in the two or three ,down ,east agricultural papers that come under my notice4 ,they bear evidences of culcha that are truly encouraging1 but here is a case that is actually exhilarating1 or would be were it not somewhat bewildering4 ,it is from an article about the ,jersey ,lily1 ,mrs4 ,langtry3 ,who ever vocalized such a word with a more complex intonation1 or with a more marvellously intimate union with a more inextricably intertwined relationship to the most exquisite sensibilities that accompany and mark the infinite flights and reachings of the soul1 as within its human casement it burns with fire divine8 ,now1 ,i call that decidedly fine1 and were ,i the owner of a whole herd of ,jerseys ,i should endeavor to engage this genius to write them up for me4 ,at any rate ,i think he should be brought ,west to help on the ,jersey boom4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i sent the editors of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer1 the other day1 from ,springfield1 where ,i was paying a flying visit to the agricultural rooms1 a copy of the ,reynolds argument for a change in the awarding of sweepstakes prizes on cattle4 ,mr4 ,r4 applied it to the ,fat ,stock ,show alone1 and ,i believe the ,state ,board adopted the suggestions4 ,but for the life of me ,i can not see why the principle is not equally applicable to the ,state ,fair premiums1 and indeed to similar exhibits at all our fairs4 ,next year ,i hope the ,state ,board will extend the innovation to the ,state ,fair1 and from this it may be it will extend to similar organizations of lesser magnitude4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i notice that the ,national ,academy of ,sciences have decided that glucose is not injurious to health4 ,well1 this is good news1 at any rate1 but it does not follow that manufacturers and merchants have the right to mix it with cane sugar or sell it to us for genuine cane sirups1 or real honey1 or pure sugar candy1 or in any of the other ways in which we are made to pay two or three times what it is really worth4 ,it does not do away with the great need of a rigorous food adulteration act1 though there is great satisfaction in knowing that when we eat it we are not taking in a mild death-dealing potion4 ,but1 come to think of it1 there are other great scientists in the country besides those composing the ,national ,academy4 ,some of them have decided in a contrary manner4 ,is it not best to have the question decided by a majority vote of reputable chemists1 and then stick to the good old things1 whichever way the decision may be8 ,on principle ,i don't object to suine1 oleo1 or any of the objectionable articles4 ,all ,i want is to know when ,i am buying1 and paying for them in real genuine dollars4 ,bogus dollars are every whit as respectable as bogus butter or bogus honey1 though the law makes it a little unhealthy to use them with any degree of liberality4 ,letter from ,champaign4 ,a light rain yesterday 7the #ahth7 was the first for five weeks1 and the first sign of a ,january thaw we have had4 ,but it began to snow at dark1 continued lightly all night1 and has been snowing1 blowing1 and drifting to-day up to this hour1 #b ,p4 ,m4 ,coming soft at first1 that part of it will lay where it fell1 and the uncovered portion of the wheat has got a new blanket1 which we hope will out-last ,january4 ,we have had but one so long uninterrupted spell of sleighing for these many years1 and that was in the winter of '#gh-'gi4 ,with the exception of the few very cold days before and after the #eth1 the month has been quite favorable for stock and all the labors of the farm4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the damage done by the cold wave of ,january #dth to #gth is believed to be greater than first reported4 ,growers tell me that ,snyder blackberries are killed down to the frost line1 which proves it is not iron-clad1 as some believe4 ,accounts from the ,cobden fruit region are of the gloomiest character1 everything being given up for lost but the strawberries4 ,the ,fruit-,grower says they will have to rely on them and their truck patches this year1 and advises an extension of early potatoes1 tomatoes1 and ,japan melons4 ,according to local records at ,anna1 there has been nothing like it since the first week in ,january1 #ahfd2 and the estimate of the damage done in '#hd is computed from what followed in '#fd1 rather than from what is absolutely known4 ,let us hope that they are mistaken1 and that the ,cobden fruit region will sustain its well-earned character as the source of a perennial fruit supply4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it appears the cold wave did not reach its minimum in ,central ,florida1 lat4 #bg1 till the night of the #ith1 ice having been found on the morning of the #ajth1 near ,enterprise1 three-fourths of an inch thick4 ,oranges on the trees were frozen through1 and the leaves killed so they will drop4 ,but though here and there a branch may be frosted and will die and have to be removed1 little permanent damage to the groves has probably resulted4 ,central ,florida is distant1 as the crow flies1 from ,central ,illinois1 about one thousand miles4 ,suppose the cold wave moved steadily southwest1 it follows1 then1 its rate of speed was not far from #bjj miles every twenty-four hours4 ,it is easy to comprehend how a complete signal service might warn of the approach of cold waves in time to take every necessary precaution to meet and disarm them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,but as much of a stinger as the late cold turn was1 it was a mere cool breeze compared with that which fell on ,florida and the entire ,southwest in the winter of #ahcd-ce4 ,then snow covered all ,northern ,florida1 and in ,central ,georgia it lay on the ground some days1 a foot deep4 ,the young orange trees were all killed to the ground1 and few of the aged trees escaped without the loss of most of their branches4 ,but they soon recovered--sprouting from the roots and stumps with great vigor1 as they will again do after the late freeze4 ,and this is one of the strong points of the orange4 ,it will sprout from the stump or root when the trunk is removed1 as surely as the young hickory or chestnut1 and when transplanted young and trees of considerable size1 will bear mutilation with about as much indifference as the ,osage orange or soft maple4 99 99 99 99 99 ,those who expect ,congress to do anything that will hurt ,german and ,french importers1 by way of retaliation for prohibiting pork and pork products1 will be pretty sure to be disappointed4 ,senator ,williams is responsible for the statement that the reason why agriculture is treated with so much contempt1 is it sustains no lobby4 ,but you may be sure the importers will not fail in that respect1 as millions will be spent to prevent legislation which will seriously interfere with the enormous profits of the foreign importing houses in ,new ,york4 ,perhaps ,senator ,williams will inform us what it will cost to keep up a well appointed lobby in ,washington1 and how much the average one-horse lawyers in ,congress expect1 in money down1 in the way of a retainer4 ,huntington could tell1 and so could ,jay ,gould2 but both are silenced for the present1 and ,villard too4 99 99 99 99 99 ,put your thumb down there4 ,that the trees on low lands which bore big crops in #ahgd-ge1 are just the trees which bore crops equally in '#hc1 and the very trees also which have made the most vigorous growth both previously and last year4 ,the whole matter is a question of nutrition4 ,b4 ,f4 ,j4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer from this date to ,january #a1 #ahhe2 ,for #b4jj you get it for one year and a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,poultry ,,notes4 ,poultry-,raisers1 ,write for ,your ,paper4 ,chicken ,chat4 ,somebody says that ,plymouth ,rock pullets are not always early layers1 for they often grow for ten or twelve months before laying1 though some lay as early as six months after hatching4 ,well that's news to us1 and we have kept ,plymouth ,rocks quite a while1 too4 ,we have had ,rock pullets commence laying at six months1 and once we had a few that didn't do a thing toward earning their own living till they were almost eight months old2 but seven months is nearer the average1 and that is what we count on when selecting the pullets that are to be kept for winter layers4 ,the pullets that are hatched from the first of ,march up to the first of ,may1 commence laying all along from the middle of ,september to the first of ,december4 ,pullets that we want to commence laying in ,february1 are selected from those hatched in ,july4 ,it would really be very gratifying to me if the people who know no more about the ,plymouth ,rocks than they do about the fate of ,charlie ,ross1 would keep their twaddle out of print4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one of my correspondents is very anxious to know if the ,langshans are the coming fowls4 ,hardly4 ,fanciers who have tried them pronounce them the best birds that were ever imported from ,china1 which is pretty high praise1 but all the same they are not popular with farmers4 ,they will never hold the place that the ,plymouth ,rocks hold4 ,since you wish to buy fowls of the breeds for which there will be the greatest demand next season1 ,i should advise you get ,plymouth ,rocks and ,wyandottes4 ,these1 in addition to the ,light ,brahmas and ,brown ,leghorns that you already have1 will give you the four breeds that are the most popular1 and if you have good stock1 and let people know that you have eggs to sell for hatching1 you will probably have orders for all the eggs that you will care to sell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,another correspondent wants to know the meaning of the word strain1 as applied to fowls1 and ,i don't wonder that he asks the question1 for the word is used promiscuous like by every tyro in poultry breeding4 ,when any poultry-raiser has bred fowls of any breed long enough to fix his notion of what constitutes a standard fowl of that breed upon them permanently1 he may claim a strain4 ,for instance3 ,smith believes that the ,light ,brahmas should have very short legs1 and he breeds for short legs until they are permanently fixed1 and everybody who knows anything about ,light ,brahmas knows one of ,smith's short-legged ,brahmas at sight2 then1 but not before1 ,smith may claim a strain of his own1 and it is proper for others to speak of ,smith's strain of ,light ,brahmas4 ,but ,johnson1 who buys of ,smith1 or of some one who has ,light ,brahmas of ,smith's strain1 this year1 should not next year talk about my own strain of ,light ,brahmas4 ,it takes years of steady1 judicious breeding after a certain type to establish what may truthfully be called a strain1 and it can only be done by breeders of rare skill and long experience in mating fowls for breeding4 ,,fanny ,,field4 ,chicken ,houses4 ,i often read inquiries about the best plan for building hen houses4 ,my plan is1 for #ajj fowls1 to build a house for them to roost in1 eight or even ten feet wide and sixteen feet long1 one story high with tight floor of yellow pine flooring4 ,i prefer a tight floor because it is easily cleaned out1 and every time it is cleaned out and swept the floor should be well covered with slaked lime2 one cleaning a week is often enough4 ,a building of the same size should be built with a dirt floor1 or close one1 as preferred1 about ten or fifteen feet from the roosting house for the hens to lay and sit in4 ,a petition may be made of laths dividing the house into two compartments1 the front arranged for the laying hens and the back compartments for sitting hens2 then the laying hens will not disturb the sitting hens4 ,a closed passway should be made1 say one and one half or two feet square leading from the roosting house to the laying house with a sliding door at each end to be used at pleasure4 ,as it often happens in cold1 snowy weather in winter it is not desirable to let the fowls out1 then the slides at each end of the passway can be opened and feed and water placed in the laying house 7because the floor in that house will always be cleanest71 and all the fowls will soon learn to go in there to eat and drink1 and lay if they want to4 ,it is1 ,i think1 bad policy to force fowls to roost1 lay1 and sit all in the same room4 ,the boxes that contain the nests should be made so that they can be at any time taken out and the nests turned out in a pile1 set on fire and the boxes held over the fire to kill any lice that may be sticking to them4 ,b4 ,f4 ,c4 ,,hike',s ,,point1 ,,ky4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a person signing himself a ,nobleman's ,gardener1 says in an ,english paper that it is a mistake to use poultry manure as a top-dressing for garden crops2 for farm crops also1 if the poultry and pigeon dung were in any considerable bulk4 ,this1 however1 is not usually the case1 and a hundred weight or two would not make much of an impression on a farm4 ,the manure in question is a powerful fertilizer1 containing ammonia1 phosphates1 and carbonate of lime in considerable quantity1 also uric acid1 all of which are valuable ingredients for the support of crops4 ,the simplest method of preparing the manure for use is to partially dry it1 then mix it with perfectly dry sifted soil or ashes in sufficient quantity that will enable the entire mixture to be rubbed through a half-inch sieve4 ,a man can do this comfortably with the hand inclosed in a thick leather glove4 ,in this finely powdered state it can be stored in a dry shed till wanted for use4 ,it is an excellent top-dressing for onions1 strawberries1 and1 in fact1 for all vegetable crops that need assistance1 also for fruit trees and lawns4 ,it is best applied in showery weather in the spring--for lawns at the rate of two ounces1 vegetable crops and strawberries three ounces1 and fruit trees four ounces per square yard4 ,if in very large bulk and needed for use in fields it would scarcely be necessary to pulverize it1 as mixing it with dry soil1 etc41 and turning the heap over a few times would suffice for its ready application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the strength of the donkey mind lies in adopting a course inversely as the arguments urged1 which1 well considered1 requires as great a mental force as the direct sequence4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,cheapest ,farms for ,sale in ,illinois4 ,,best ,,fruit ,,region ,,in ,,the ,,state4 ,send for my ,list of ,farms and timbered ,lands for sale4 ,,dewitt ,c4 ,,smith1 ,land ,agent4 ,stone ,fort1 ,saline ,co41 ,illinois4 ,when you write mention ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,market ,,gardeners1 ,,and ,,all ,,others who want the ,,best ,cabbage1 ,onion1 ,beet1 ,carrot1 ,parsnip1 ,cucumber1 ,tomato1 and other ,seeds1 ,,direct ,,from ,,the ,,farm1 at the ,,lowest ,,prices1 can now get them at wholesale rates4 ,catalogue1 with directions for cultivation1 ,,free4 ,address ,,joseph ,,harris1 ,moreton ,farm1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,seeds for the ,children1 #be per cent discount4 ,if you do not want the ,catalogue1 let the ,children send for it1 and send at once1 as this advertisement will not be repeated4 ,when you write mention ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,blue ,,stem ,,spring ,,wheat666 ,the best variety of ,prairie ,wheat known4 ,yields largely and is less liable to blight than any other variety4 ,also celebrated ,judson ,oats for sale in small lots4 ,samples1 statement of yield1 and prices sent free upon application to ,,sampson ,,french4 ,woodstock1 ,pipestone ,co41 ,minn41 or ,storm ,lake1 ,ia4 ,when you write mention ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,europe ,,educational ,,excursions #ahhd ,,combining ,,unequalled ,,advantages4 ,send for ,descriptive ,circular1 ,free4 ,register early4 ,e4 ,,tourjee1 ,,franklin ,,sq41 ,,boston4 ,when you write mention ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale--,one-half interest in a thoroughly equipped ,,creamery located in one of the best dairy districts of ,wis4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,snyder ,,son41 ,mt4 ,hope1 ,wis4 ,when you write mention ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cut ,,this ,,out ,return to us with ,,ten ,,cts4 you'll get by mail ,a ,,golden ,,box ,,of ,,goods that will bring you in ,,more ,,money1 in ,one ,month1 than anything else in ,america4 ,absolute ,certainty4 ,need no capital4 ,m4 ,young1 #agc ,greenwich ,st4 ,n4 ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,farm ,,implements4 ,etc4 ,,the ,,new ,,birdsell ,,clover ,,huller4 ,illustration3 ,,monitor ,,junior ,,saves all the ,seed1 ,,cleans ,ready for ,market as ,threshed4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,birdsell ,,combination ,,spring ,,wagon4 ,besides manufacturing the ,,new ,,birdsell ,clover ,huller1 for which we have the sole right1 we make a specialty of ,,half ,,platform and ,,three-,,spring ,,wagons4 ,send for illustrated ,catalogue and prices4 ,address ,,birdsell ,,manf',g ,,co4 ,,south ,,bend ,,indiana4 -- ,when you write1 please mention this paper4 -- 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seed ,,corn ,,for ,,sale4 ,a large quantity of first-class1 selected ,iowa seed corn1 in large or small quantities4 ,address ,,mitchell1 ,,vincent4 ,onawa1 ,iowa4 ,please state you saw ad in this paper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,the ,,standard ,,remington ,,type-,,writer is acknowledged to be the only rapid and reliable writing machine4 ,it has no rival4 ,these machines are used for transcribing and general correspondence in every part of the globe1 doing their work in almost every language4 ,any young man or woman of ordinary ability1 having a practical knowledge of the use of this machine may find constant and remunerative employment4 ,all machines and supplies1 furnished by us1 warranted4 ,satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded4 ,send for circulars4 ,,wyckoff1 ,,seamans ,,benedict1 #ch ,east ,madison ,st41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seeds ,,albert ,,dickinson1 ,dealer in ,timothy1 ,clover1 ,flax1 ,hungarian1 ,millet1 ,red ,top1 ,blue ,grass1 ,lawn ,grass1 ,orchard ,grass1 ,bird ,seeds1 c4 ,,pop ,,corn4 ,warehouses #aae1 #aag #aai ,kinzie ,st4 #ajd1 #ajf1 #ajh #aaj ,michigan ,st4 ,,office4 #aae ,kinzie ,st4 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fay ,,grapes ,,currant ,,headquarters ,,all ,,best ,,new ,,and ,,old4 ,,small ,,fruits ,,and ,,trees4 ,,low ,,to ,,dealers ,,and ,,planters4 ,,stock ,first-,class4 ,free ,catalogues4 ,,geo4 ,s4 ,,josselyn1 ,fredonia1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 -- ,a ,,chance ,,of ,a ,,lifetime6 ,this ,offer ,holds ,,good ,,until ,,march #ajth ,,only4 #dj1jjj ,,in ,,presents1 ,,given ,,away4 ,,no ,,blanks6 every ,subscriber gets a ,present4 ,the proprietors of the well-known and popular weekly paper1 ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy1 being desirous of introducing their paper into every home where it is not now taken1 have organized a stock company with an ,,authorized ,,capital ,,of #bjj1jjj for the purpose of pushing the ,argosy extensively1 and have decided to give away to all who subscribe before ,march #aj1 #ahhd1 #dj1jjj in presents4 ,,read ,,our ,,great ,,offer4 ,,for ,,only ,,fifty ,,cents ,we will enter your name on our subscription books and mail ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy regularly for three months1 7thirteen numbers71 and immediately send a printed numbered receipt1 which will entitle the holder to one of the following magnificent presents4 ,,partial ,,list ,,of ,,presents ,,to ,,be ,,given ,,away3 #e ,cash ,presents of #a1jjj each #e1jjj #e ,cash ,presents of #ejj each #b1ejj #aj ,cash ,presents of #bjj each #b1jjj #aj ,cash ,presents of #ajj each #a1jjj #aj ,cash ,presents of #ej each #ejj #c ,elegant ,upright ,pianos1 #cjj each #ijj #e ,elegant ,cabinet ,organs1 #ajj each #ejj #be ,sewing ,machines1 #cj each #gej #bj ,gents' ,solid ,gold ,watches1 #dj ea4 #hjj #cj ,ladies' ,solid ,gold ,watches1 #be ea4 #gej #bj ,beautiful ,diamond ,rings1 #cj ea44 #fjj #bj ,gents' ,solid ,silver ,watches1 #ae ea4 #cjj #be ,ladies' ,chatelaine ,watches1 #aj ea4 #bej #cj ,boys' ,silver ,watches1 #aj each #cjj #ajj ,waterbury ,watches1 #c4ej each #cej #bj ,gents' ,solid ,gold ,chains1 #bj each #djj #bj ,ladies' ,gold ,neck ,chains1 #ae each #cjj #bj ,solid ,gold ,bracelets1 #ae each #cjj #aj ,elegant ,bicycles1 #he each #hej #e ,silver ,tea ,sets1 #ajj each #ejj #e ,sets ,parlor ,furniture1 #ajj each #ejj #aj ,elegant ,boys' ,suits1 to order1 #bj #bjj #aj ,girls' ,outside ,garments1 #ae each #aej #ej ,gold ,pens and ,holders1 #b each #ajj #ejj ,extension ,gold ,pencils1 #a each #ejj #ejj ,pair ,nickel-,plated ,skates1 #b each4 #a1jjj #ejj ,large ,photograph ,albums1 #b each #a1jjj #ejj ,pair ,roller ,skates1 #b each #a1jjj #ejj ,two-,dollar ,greenbacks #a1jjj #ejj ,one-,dollar ,greenbacks #ejj #ejj ,magic ,lanterns1 #a each #ejj #ejj ,boys' ,pocket ,knives1 #a each #ejj #ejj ,ladies' ,pocket ,knives1 #a each #ejj #ajjj ,oil ,pictures1 #a each #a1jjj #ejj ,solid ,gold ,rings1 #b each #a1jjj #ajjj ,autograph ,albums1 #a each #a1jjj ,,and #ib1ecb ,,other ,,useful ,,and ,,valuable ,,presents ,,ranging ,,in ,,value ,,from ,,twenty-,,five ,,cents ,,to ,,one ,,dollar1 making a grand total of #ajj1jjj presents to be given to the first one hundred thousand subscribers received4 ,,every ,,one ,,gets ,a ,,present4 ,all of the above presents will be awarded in a ,,fair ,,and ,,impartial ,,manner by a committee chosen by the subscribers4 ,among the last #ib1ecb presents are #ej1jjj of one article1 which we manufacture and own the patent1 and that retails at ,one ,dollar the world over and never sold for less2 it is something needed in every home1 ,,and ,,is ,,well ,,worth ,,five ,,dollars ,,in ,,any ,,family2 millions have been sold at ,one ,dollar each4 ,being owners and manufacturers we can afford to give #ej1jjj to our subscribers1 believing that you will be so well pleased that you will always be patrons of the ,,argosy2--besides all this you have a chance to get one of the most valuable presents offered in our list4 ,,the ,,award ,,of ,,presents ,,will ,,positively ,,take ,,place ,,march #aj1 '#hd4 ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy ,,is ,a ,,weekly ,,paper for the ,,father1 the ,,mother1 the ,,boys1 and the ,,girls4 ,it is the most ,,beautiful1 ,,useful1 ,,entertaining1 ,,instructive1 ,,and ,,popular ,,weekly published4 ,it has the best corps of ,,first-,,class ,,authors in the ,united ,states1 including such as ,,horatio ,,alger ,,jr41 ,,edward ,s4 ,,ellis1 ,,oliver ,,optic1 ,,harry ,,castlemon1 ,,frank ,h4 ,,converse1 ,,rev4 ,,edward ,,everett ,,hale1 and a host of others too numerous to mention4 ,it is ,,beautifully ,,illustrated1 and its reading matter is all original from the pens of noted authors4 ,its regular subscription price is #ej ,,cents ,,for ,,three ,,months2 #a4jj ,,for ,,six ,,months2 #a4ge ,,for ,,twelve ,,months2 without present or premium2 but in order to secure #ajj1jjj subscribers at once we make the ,,following ,,liberal ,,offer4 ,,for #ej ,,cents we will send you ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy1 weekly1 for three months and one numbered receipt1 good for one present4 ,,for #a we will send ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy1 weekly1 ,,six ,,months1 and ,,two numbered receipts good for ,,two ,,presents4 ,,for #a4ge we will send ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy1 weekly1 for ,,one ,,year and ,,four numbered receipts1 good for ,,four ,,presents4 ,a ,,free ,,subscription ,,to ,,you4 ,if you will ,,cut ,,this ,,advertisement ,,out and show it to your ,,friends1 ,,acquaintances ,,and ,,neighbors1 and get five to subscribe for three months1 and send us #b4ej1 we will send you your subscription free1 and one numbered receipt2 get ten to subscribe and we will send you ,,two numbered receipts and ,,the ,,argosy for six months2 get twenty to subscribe for three months and we will send you the ,,argosy ,,one ,,year1 and ,,four numbered receipts1 good for ,,four ,,presents4 ,a few hours' work will give you ,a ,,subscription ,,free and a ,,chance ,,to ,,win ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,most ,,valuable ,,presents4 ,,sample ,,copies ,,free4 ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy is a well ,,established weekly paper and is backed by ,,half ,a ,,million ,,dollars ,,capital1 so that every subscriber may be sure of ,,getting ,,just ,,what ,,we ,,promise4 ,,list ,,of ,,the ,,awards will be forwarded to all subscribers immediately after ,mar4 #ajth4 ,,how ,,to ,,send ,,money4 ,send small sums1 from #ej cents to one or two dollars by ,,postal ,,note1 cash or stamps2 larger sums should be sent by ,,registered ,,mail ,,or ,,post ,,office ,,order4 ,address all orders to ,,the ,,argosy ,,publishing ,,co41 #ha ,,warren ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,remember1 ,,the ,,above ,,presents ,,are ,,given ,,absolutely ,,free ,,to ,,our ,,subscribers4 ,,cut ,,this ,,out ,,and ,,show ,,it ,,to ,,your ,,friends1 ,,neighbors ,,and ,,acquaintances4 -- ,,it ,,will ,,not ,,appear ,,again4 -- ,,agents ,,wanted ,,everywhere4 ,,what ,,subscribers ,,say4 ,i cannot ,,speak ,,too ,,highly of the ,,argosy1 my boys think they could never do without it4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,e4 ,,axtell1 ,west ,richfield1 ,ohio4 ,,the ,,argosy has been ,,so ,,good this year ,i ,,must ,,have it another2 enclosed is #a4ge4 ,,dan4 ,w4 ,,huntington1 ,boston4 ,i ,,like ,,the ,,argosy ,,very ,,much1 and think it ,,greatly ,,in ,,advance of the usual style of papers for the young--,,the ,,boys ,,like ,,it4 ,mrs4 ,,agnes ,s4 ,,armstrong4 ,ephraim1 ,utah ,ter4 ,i have taken a number of papers1 but ,i ,,never ,,had ,,one ,i ,,like ,,as ,,well as ,,the ,,argosy4 ,to sit before the fire these cold evenings and read it ,,is ,,the ,,best ,,enjoyment ,i ,,know ,,of4 ,to-night ,i am reading my old papers over again4 ,w4 ,s4 ,,knowlton1 ,portland1 ,me4 ,i should take the ,,argosy another year ,,if ,i ,,had ,,to ,,sit ,,up ,,nights ,,to ,,earn ,,the ,,money ,,to ,,pay ,,for ,,it3 enclosed is #a4ge4 ,,ed4 ,l4 ,,pemberton1 ,ansonia1 ,conn4 ,i am ,,so ,,deeply ,,interested in the ,,argosy ,i ,,should ,,be ,,lost ,,without ,,it2 please extend my subscription another year4 ,,winnie ,s4 ,,moore1 ,audubon1 ,ia4 ,i have been a reader of the ,,argosy the last year1 and ,,cannot ,,now ,,do ,,without ,,it1 ,,let ,,it ,,cost ,,what ,,it ,,will4 ,d4 ,e4 ,,brothwell1 ,wakefield1 ,kan4 ,,the ,,argosy is the ,,very ,,best ,,paper of the kind published4 ,i ,,would ,,not ,,do ,,without ,,it ,,for ,,twice #a4ge4 ,,frank ,g4 ,,johnson1 ,painesville1 ,o4 ,i prize the ,,argosy ,,above ,,all ,,youth',s ,,papers4 ,its high moral tone and instructive reading is sure to leave a ,,lasting ,,impression ,,with ,,its ,,readers4 ,mrs4 ,,ida ,,austin1 ,fort ,halleck1 ,wy4 ,the character of the ,,argosy ,,commends ,,itself ,,to ,,all4 ,,wm ,s4 ,,clark1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,i have read the ,golden ,days1 ,youth's ,companion1 and ,wide-,awake1 for boys and girls1 ,,but ,,give ,,me ,,the ,,argosy2 ,i ,,would ,,not ,,give ,,it ,,for ,,any ,,other ,,paper ,i ,,ever ,,saw4 ,a4 ,b4 ,,willis1 ,brooklyn1 ,ill4 ,,notices ,,from ,,the ,,press4 ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy is handsomely printed on tinted paper1 and is freighted with reading matter that can be safely placed in the hands of our youth4--,herald1 ,norristown1 ,pa4 ,it is ,,sparkling and ,,pure1 interesting and ,,high-,,toned4 ,the best authors in ,america contribute to its columns4--,journal1 ,lewistown1 ,me4 ,parents and guardians who would place fascinating as well as instructive1 reading before their children1 ,,would ,,do ,,well ,,to ,,subscribe ,,to ,,it4--,church ,union1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy has ,,eclipsed1 in ,,every respect1 its older but less enterprising contemporaries4--,daily ,transcript1 ,peoria1 ,ill4 ,full of ,,life and ,,vim1 it commends itself to those desiring to be entertained and instructed4 ,the illustrations are ,,superb4 ,we commend it to the reading public4--,vanity ,fair1 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,it has taken a ,,leading ,,place among the best papers of its class4 ,the publisher ,,evidently ,,understands boys' tastes4--,times1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy is a ,,bright1 ,,sparkling paper for boys and girls2 ,,neither ,,sensational ,,on ,,the ,,one ,,hand ,,nor ,,dull ,,on ,,the ,,other4--,press1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy is a youths' paper1 and ,,contains ,,more ,,interesting ,,reading ,,matter than any other similar publication in the country4--,telegraph1 ,dubuque1 ,iowa4 ,,it ,,is ,a ,,first-,,class ,,paper1 ,,fully ,,equalling ,,the ,youth's ,companion1 and1 being once introduced into the home1 will be sure to remain4--,herald1 ,camden1 ,me4 ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy is ,,as ,,far ,,removed ,,from ,,the ,,prosy ,,inanity ,,of ,,sunday-,,school ,,literature ,,as ,,it ,,is ,,from ,,the ,,demoralizing ,,sensationalism ,,of ,,the ,,half-,,dime ,,dreadfuls4--,n4 ,y4 ,world4 ,,the ,,golden ,,argosy is not only ,,beautiful ,,in ,,appearance1 but every way ,,commendable ,,in the ,,character ,,of ,,its ,,contents4 ,,it ,,is ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,few ,,papers for young people that ,,judicious ,,fathers ,,and ,,mothers care to put in the hands of their children4--,detroit ,free ,press4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember that #b4jj pays for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer from this date to ,january #a1 #ahhe2 ,for #b4jj you get it for one year and a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,county ,,map ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 ,,free6 ,this is the most liberal offer ever made by any first-class weekly agricultural paper in this country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,forestry4 ,henry ,stuart writes the ,new ,york ,times3 ,a wise and careful system of agriculture might have left our fields still fertile and productive1 so an economical use of the forests might have made them a perennial source of wealth4 ,fortunately the injury is not beyond a remedy1 for it is easier to restore a growth of timber than it is to bring back fertility to a barren soil4 ,it is easy to care for what is left and to replant and renew the growth1 and even to do this better and more quickly and with more and quicker profit than nature has done it4 ,it is easy1 too1 by a wise and practical use of the forests that are left1 to so husband them as to take regular harvests from them as the farmer regularly harvests his fields or selects the fatlings from his flocks4 ,he does not gather in all these at one fell swoop1 taking the fat and the lean and the young and the old1 as the fisherman gathers all into his nets1 and as the lumberman has felled the woods1 but he selects those that are ripe and carefully rears the rest until they are ready4 ,had the timber been culled in this way from the forests year by year there would have been a periodical harvest1 and as the mature trees were cut out a new growth would spring up4 ,but1 on the contrary1 as in the old fable1 the goose has been killed for its golden eggs1 and the source of a lasting profit has been recklessly sacrificed4 ,fortunately the land is left1 and can be put to its proper use as soon as it can be controlled4 ,and still fortunately1 by a wise administration1 the forests may be made a profitable source of public income1 instead of1 as heretofore1 the prey of the spoilers4 ,it is useless to complain of past mistakes4 ,they have been1 as we have pointed out1 mere incidents of our system1 and possibly unavoidable4 ,but the time has come when the system must be changed1 and the necessity for a change has become so apparent that it can not be long delayed4 ,it is not only the commerce of the country that must suffer by a continuance of the system1 but agriculture suffers still more2 and it is not only the public who will gain by a change1 but the example will be followed by the farmers1 who will doubtless soon learn to take care of their own timber lands and plant more1 and so the benefit will be general4 ,besides1 the farmers will not be long in discovering the profit in growing timber1 and would plant groves as one of the most profitable crops that could be grown upon their rougher lands1 or as a resting and restorative crop for their worn soil4 99 99 99 99 99 ,before the ,new ,york ,academy of ,science a few days ago1 ,professor ,albert ,r4 ,leeds gave some facts gathered from eight years of personal inspection as to the alleged destruction of the ,adirondack forests4 ,he said that a rapid course of spoilation was going on in the outskirts of the forest1 and the effect of it would soon be felt in the flow of the ,hudson4 ,the impression that the ,adirondacks were pine-producing was a false one4 ,pine trees were seldom seen and the mountains were covered with spruce and hemlock4 ,but the spruces1 owing to a disease which attacked them a few years ago1 are rapidly dying off4 ,on the ,ausable river and along the shores of ,lake ,champlain the destruction of the forest is especially great4 ,persons living about the forest start fires in the woodland which spread rapidly and are more destructive to the trees than the lumbermen4 ,professor ,leeds thought that the railways which are making their way through the forests would be an important element in their destruction1 for the sparks of the locomotives would originate forest fires4 ,he said that the purchase of the forests by the ,state might not require so great an expenditure of money as was anticipated4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in closing an article on ,forestry and ,farming1 the ,germantown ,telegraph maintains that the idea that farmers and land-owners generally entertain that they may not live to enjoy the advantages of the tree-planting1 should be utterly banished from their minds4 ,it will require only about twenty years to realize the most liberal hopes of success2 at least it will add to the value of the farm by the fact that the amount of timber is to be increased instead of diminished4 ,we all know how anxious every purchaser of a tract of land is to know whether there is any and how much timber upon a farm offered for sale4 ,in fact1 there is no greater mistake made than to cut down the wood upon a farm when purchased1 with a view to meet the second payment2 and this mistake is invariably brought home to everyone in a few years4 ,it is like taking the life-blood out of the land4 ,,scientific4 ,official ,weather ,wisdom4 ,almost from its invention the barometer has been vaunted an indicator of impending weather1 and now we are in possession of numberless rules for interpreting its indications1 mostly of a vague and indefinite purport1 few1 if any1 pretending to accuracy and certainty4 ,as mankind are always desirous of attaining weather wisdom1 these rules have tended to give the barometer its widely recognized reputation1 rather than any really infallible principles1 clearly formulated4 ,with no other philosophical instrument have people so deluded themselves as with the barometer4 ,meteorology having become almost an official monopoly1 the officials seem to have made the readiest and largest amount of reputation out of the barometer as a weather glass2 for all that they have had to do is to compile rules from a number of authors1 without any necessity of acknowledgment1 print as much as they please at the ,government expense1 give it away freely1 and the notoriety of authorship is secured easily and expeditiously4 ,thus the ,british nation has been officially supplied with about eighteen different editions of the ,barometer ,manual1 widely differing from each other according to the views of the authors2 for although the book remains the self-styled authors change1 much the same as with the ,cambridge books on mathematics4 ,a study of the edition1 ,coast or ,fishery ,barometer ,manual1 teaches that the barometer foretells coming weather2 that it does not always foretell coming weather2 that only few are able to understand much about what it does tell us2 that it may be used by ordinary persons without difficulty2 that its indications are sometimes erroneous3 that any one observing it once a day may be always weatherwise2 that its warnings do not apply always to the locality of the instrument2 that storms frequently occur without its giving any warning2 that barometer depressions happen with and without gales2 and similar ambiguous or contradictory assertions ad nauseam4 ,it is perfectly astounding to contemplate that official authority sanctions such inconsistent teaching1 and moreover disseminates it far and wide1 forcing its circulation by giving it away gratuitously on humane and eleemosynary grounds4 ,where only such confusing advice and direction can be given is it becoming to stamp it as official8 it is lamentable inconsiderateness to expect fishermen to be able to dodge the weather by such guidance2 and it is time to stop this easily concocted nostrum for notoriety2 for it is vague and inconclusive in every precept1 and has scarcely an assertion which is not contradicted by some other4--,engineering4 ,a ,remarkable ,electrical ,discovery4 ,the ,london ,times of recent date states that a new electrical contrivance has been perfected by ,mr4 ,a4 ,st4 ,george1 the inventor of the telephone which bears his name4 ,this invention1 which is really supplemental to the telephone1 will enable every description of conversation carried on through the instrument to be not only recorded but reproduced at any future time4 ,briefly stated1 ,mr4 ,st4 ,george's invention may be thus described3 ,a circular plate of glass is coated with collodion and made sensitive as a photographic plate4 ,this is placed in a dark box1 in which is a slit to admit a ray of light4 ,in front of the glass is a telephone diaphragm1 which1 by its vibrations1 opens and closes a small shutter through which a beam of light is constantly passing and imprinting a dark line on the glass4 ,vibrations of the shutter cause the dark line to vary in thickness according to the tones of the voice4 ,the glass plate is revolved by clock work1 and the conversation as it leaves the telephone is recorded on the sensitive plate1 the imprinted words spoken being fixed as is done in photography4 ,the plate can be brought forward afterwards1 and when replaced in the machine and connected with a distant telephone1 will1 when set in motion1 give back the original conversation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ,october #ae1 #ahha1 a gentleman in ,newburgh1 ,n4 ,y41 inclosed a spider in a small paper box4 ,he carefully guarded and watched it1 and affirms that for #bjd days it partook of no food or water4 ,it showed no emaciation1 and appeared as active and strong as at first until within a very few days of its death on ,may #g1 #ahhb4 ,tamerlane learned patience from a spider2 perhaps ,tanner was taught by them how to fast4 ,the ,hour1 from which we take this item1 also has the following3 ,another spider story is sent from ,california by the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,mc,cook1 of honey-ant fame4 ,he found a small cocoon of eggs and young spiders1 which had no less than five other kinds of insects living in and about it4 ,these intruders consisted of small red ants1 a diminutive beetle1 and a series formed by a minute chalcid1 parasitic on a larger chalcid1 which was parasitic on an ichneumon1 which was parasitic on the spider4 ,all were seeking to devour the eggs and spiderlings1 yet the whole cocoonful1 victims included1 seemed to be living on most amicable terms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,various methods for hastening the conversion of cider into vinegar have been recommended4 ,a ,french method is as follows3 ,scald three barrels or casks with hot water1 rinse thoroughly and empty4 ,then scald with boiling vinegar1 rolling the barrels and allowing them to stand on their sides two or three days until they become thoroughly saturated with the vinegar4 ,the barrels are then filled about one-third full with strong pure cider vinegar and two gallons of cider added4 ,every eighth day thereafter two gallons of cider are added until the barrels are two-thirds full4 ,the whole is allowed to stand fourteen days longer1 when it will be found to be good vinegar1 and one-half of it may be drawn and the process of filling with cider be begun again4 ,in summer the barrels are allowed to stand exposed to the sun and in cold weather kept where the temperature is #hj degrees4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,party of the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey have found it practicable to ride to the highest peak of ,mount ,shasta1 and suggest the establishment there of a third elevated station for weather observations1 similar to those on ,pike's ,peak and ,mount ,washington4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a herring produces from #cj1jjj to #ej1jjj eggs1 and the eggs are so small in size that #bj1jjj can be put one layer thick on a square foot of glass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,coughs ,,and ,,hoarseness4--,the irritation which induces coughing immediately relieved by use of ,brown's ,bronchial ,troches4 ,sold only in boxes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,to ,our ,readers4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer is the ,,oldest1 ,,most ,,reliable1 and the ,,leading ,,agricultural ,,journal ,,of ,,the ,,great ,,northwest1 devoted exclusively to the interests of the ,farmer1 ,gardener1 ,florist1 ,stock ,breeder1 ,dairyman1 ,etc41 and every species of ,industry connected with that great portion of the ,people of the ,world1 the ,,producers4 ,now in the ,forty-,fourth ,year of its existence1 and never1 during more than two score years1 having missed the regular visit to its patrons1 it will continue to maintain supremacy as ,a ,,standard ,,authority ,,on ,,matters ,,pertaining ,,to ,,agriculture ,,and ,,kindred ,,productive ,,industries1 and as a ,,fresh ,,and ,,readable ,,family ,,and ,,fireside ,,journal4 ,it will from time to time add new features of interest1 securing for each department the ablest writers of practical experience4 ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer will discuss1 without fear or favor1 all topics of interest properly belonging to a ,farm and ,fireside ,paper1 treat of the most approved practices in ,,agriculture1 ,,horticulture1 ,,breeding1 ,,etc42 the varied ,machinery1 ,implements1 and improvements in same1 for use both in ,field and ,house2 and1 in fact1 everything of interest to the ,agricultural community1 whether in ,,field1 ,,market1 ,,or ,,home ,,circle4 ,,it ,,will ,,give ,,information ,,upon ,,the ,,public ,,domain1 ,,western ,,soils1 ,,climate1 ,,etc42 ,,answer ,,inquiries on all manner of subjects which come within its sphere2 ,,give each week1 full and ,,reliable ,,market1 ,,crop1 ,,and ,,weather ,,reports2 ,,present the family with choice and ,,interesting ,,literature2 amuse and ,,instruct ,,the ,,young ,,folks2 ,,and1 in a word1 aim to ,,be1 in every respect1 ,,an ,,indispensable ,,and ,,unexceptionable farm and fireside ,,companion4 ,terms of ,subscription and ',club ,rates'3 ,,one ,,copy1 #a ,,year1 postage paid #b4jj ,,two ,,copies1 #c4ge ,,five sent at one time #h4ge ,,ten sent at one time1 and one to ,club getter #af4jj ,,twenty sent at one time1 and one to ,club getter #cj4jj ,address ,the ,prairie ,farmer ,publishing ,co41 ,chicago4 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,standard ,,books4 ,,ropp',s ,,calculator ,,and ,,diary4 ,practical ,arithmetic made ,,easy1 ,,simple1 and ,,convenient for all1 by this unique and wonderful work4 ,is worth its weight in gold to everyone not quick in figures4 ,contains nearly #ajj1jjj ,,business ,calculations1 ,,simple and ,,practicable ,rules and ,,original ,methods--the ,,cream of this great and useful science--which makes it possible and ,,easy for ,,any ,,one1 even a child1 to make ,,correct and ,,instantaneous computations in ,,grain1 ,stock1 ,hay1 ,coal1 ,cotton1 ,merchandise4 ,,interest1 ,percentage1 ,profit and ,loss1 ,wages1 ,measurement of ,lumber1 ,logs1 ,cisterns1 ,tanks1 ,granaries1 ,wagon-beds1 ,corn-cribs1 ,cordwood1 ,hay-stacks1 ,lands1 ,carpenters'1 ,plasterers'1 and ,masons' work1 besides ,,thousands of other practical problems which come up every day in the year4 ,will prove of ,,great ,,benefit1 almost ,a ,,necessity1 in the hands of every ,,farmer1 ,mechanic1 and ,tradesman4 ,it is neatly printed1 elegantly bound1 accompanied by a ,,renewable ,diary1 ,,silicate ,slate1 ,,perpetual ,calendar1 and ,,valuable ,,pocket-,,book1 all combined1 for the price of a ,,common diary4 ,fine ,english ,cloth 4#ej ,fine ,english ,cloth1 with flap 4#ge ,fine ,roan ,leather1 with flap #a4jj ,sent postpaid to any address on receipt of price4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,pub4 ,,co41 ,,chicago ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,how to ,paint ,a new work by ,a ,,practical ,,painter1 designed for the use of ,,tradesmen1 ,,mechanics1 ,,merchants1 ,,farmers1 and as a guide to ,,professional ,,painters4 ,containing a ,plain1 ,common-,sense ,statement of the methods employed by ,painters to produce satisfactory results in ,,plain and ,,fancy ,,painting of every description1 including ,,formulas for ,,mixing ,,paint in ,,oil or ,,water1 ,tools required1 etc4 ,this is just the book needed by any person having anything to paint and makes ,,every ,,man ,,his ,,own ,,painter4 ,full directions for using ,,white ,,lead ,,lamp ,,black--,,ivory ,,black-- ,,prussian ,,blue--,,ultramarine--,,green--,,yellow --,,brown--,,vermillion-- ,,lake--,,carmine--,,whiting--,,glue--,, asphaltum--,,pumice ,,stone1 and ,,spirits ,,of ,,turpentine--,,oils--,,varnishes--,,fur niture ,,varnish--,,milk ,,paint--,,preparing ,,calcimine4 ,paint for ,outbuildings --,,whitewash--,paste for ,,paper ,,hanging--,,hanging ,,paper--,,graining ,,in ,,oak1 ,,maple1 ,,mahogany1 ,,rosewood1 ,,black ,,walnut--,,staining--,,gilding-- ,,bronzing--,,transferring--,,decalcoman ia--,,making ,,rustic ,,pictures-- ,,painting ,,flower-,,stand--,,mahogany ,,polish--,,rosewood ,,polish-- ,,varnishing ,,furniture--,,waxing ,,furniture--,,cleaning ,,paint-- ,paint for ,farming ,tools for ,,machinery1 and for ,,household ,,fixtures ,to ,paint a ,farm ,wagon --to ,,re-,,varnish ,a ,,carriage--to make ,,plaster ,,casts4 ,the work is neatly printed1 with illustrations wherever they can serve to make the subject plainer1 and it will save ,,many ,,times its cost yearly4 ,every family should possess a copy4 ,price1 by mail1 postpaid1 #a4 ,forwarded free to any sender of two subscribers to this paper at #b each4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co4 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,standard ,,works4 ,by ,,peter ,,henderson ,gardening for ,profit1 ,a ,,well-,,known ,,work ,,on ,market and ,family ,gardening ,gardening ,,for ,pleasure ,a guide to the amateur in the ,fruit1 ,vegetable1 and ,flower ,garden1 with full directions for the ,green-,house1 ,conservatory1 and ,window ,garden4 ,,practical ,,floriculture1 ,a guide to successful ,propagation and ,cultivation of ,florists' ,plants4 ,,price1 #a4ej ,,each1 ,,by ,,mail1 ,,postpaid4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,talks ,,on ,,manures ,by ,,joseph ,,harris1 ,m4 ,s4 ,author of ,walks and ,talks on the ,farm1 ,farm ,crops1 ,harris on the ,pig1 etc4 ,while we have no lack of treatises upon artificial fertilizers1 there is no work in which the main stay of the farm--the manure made upon the farm is treated so satisfactorily or thoroughly as in this volume4 ,starting with the question1 ,,what ,,is ,,manure8 the author1 well known on both sides of the water by his writings1 runs through in sufficient detail every source of manure on the farm1 discussing the methods of making rich manure2 the proper keeping and applying it1 and especially the ,,uses ,,of ,,manure1 and the effects of different artificial fertilizers1 as compared with farm-yard manure1 upon different crops4 ,in this he makes free use of the striking series of experiments instituted years ago1 and still continued1 by ,lawes and ,gilbert1 of ,rothamsted1 ,england4 ,the ,,remarkable ,,tables in which the results of these experiments are given1 are here for the first time made accessible to the ,american farmer4 ,in fact1 there is scarcely any point relating to fertilizing the soil1 including suitable manures for special crops1 that is not treated1 and while the teachings are founded upon the most elaborate scientific researches1 they are so far divested of the technical language of science as to commend themselves to farmers as eminently practical4 ,it is not often that the results of scientific investigations are presented in a manner so thoroughly popular4 #abmo4 ,price1 postpaid1 #a4ej4 ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co4 ,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,house ,,plans ,,for ,,everybody4 ,by ,s4 ,b4 ,,reed1 ,architect4 ,one of the most popular ,architectural books ever issued1 giving a wide range of design from a dwelling costing #bej up to #h1jjj1 and adapted to farm1 village1 and town residences4 ,it gives an ,estimate of the ,quantity of ,every ,article ,used in the construction1 and probable cost of constructing any one of the buildings presented4 ,profusely illustrated4 ,price1 postpaid1 #a4ej4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,chicago 99 99 99 99 99 ,,now is the time to ,subscribe for ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,price only #b4jj per year is worth double the money4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,household4 ,for nothing lovelier can be found ,in woman than to study household good4--,milton4 ,,christian ,,charity4 ,o stay not thine hand when the winter's wind rude ,blows cold through the dwellings of want and despair1 ,to ask if misfortune has come to the good1 ,or if folly has wrought the sad wreck that is there4 ,when the ,savior of men raised ,his finger to heal1 ,did ,he ask if the sufferer was ,gentile or ,jew8 ,when thousands were fed with a bountiful meal1 ,was it given alone to the faithful and true8 ,if the heart-stricken wanderer asks thee for bread1 ,in suffering he bows to necessity's laws2 ,when the wife moans in sickness1 the children unfed1 ,the cup must be bitter1 ,o ask not the cause4 ,then scan not too closely the frailties of those ,whose bosoms may bless on a cold winter's day3 ,and give to the wretched who tells thee his woes1 ,and from him that would borrow1 ,o turn not away6 --,dr4 ,reynell ,coates4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a correspondent writes3 ,will give the readers of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer the favor of telling us all about making sandwiches4 ,how thick should they be when complete8 ,best made of bread or biscuit8 and if chicken or ham1 how prepared8 ,please don't say shred the meat and sprinkle in salt1 pepper1 and mustard1 but tell us how to shred the meat4 ,do you chop it1 and how fine8 and how much seasoning to a given quantity8 or do cooks always guess at it8 ,,mrs4 ,c4 ,h4 --,will not some of our lady readers tell us how they make sandwiches4 ,the question is an important one for city as well as country1 where so many thousands of lunches have to be prepared daily4--,,ed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a correspondent writes the lady readers of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer concerning a new line of work1 which we hope many of them may find profitable3 ,much has been written regarding proper and remunerative employment for women4 ,silk culture1 poultry raising1 and various other themes have been thoroughly ventilated1 and the result has no doubt been very beneficial2 but there are many ladies who have no opportunity to raise silk worms1 or follow any business of that kind4 ,to that class ,i wish to open what to me was an entirely new field4 ,some three months ago an uncle of mine from ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 was visiting at our house1 and we were talking of plated ware1 which he is engaged in manufacturing1 and to gratify my curiosity he made a plating machine and replated our knives1 forks1 spoons and caster4 ,it only cost #d1 and it did the work perfectly4 ,some of our neighbors saw what we had plated1 and wanted me to do some plating for them4 ,since then ,i have worked twenty-two days1 clearing in that time #id4cd4 ,at almost every house ,i got from #b to #c worth of plating to do1 and such work is most all profit4 ,this business is as nice for ladies as it is for gentlemen1 being all indoor work1 and any one can do it4 ,my brother1 although he worked two days longer than ,i did1 only made #ia4ej4 ,i am getting up a collection of curiosities1 and to any of your readers that will send me a specimen ,i will send them full directions for making and using a plating machine like mine that will plate gold1 silver and nickel4 ,send small pieces of stones1 ores1 shells1 wood1 leaves of trees1 plants1 etc4 ,anything small will do4 ,what ,i want to get is as many different specimens from as many different places all over the country as ,i can4 ,address ,,miss ,m4 ,f4 ,,cassey4 ,,oberlin1 ,,ohio4 ,the ,night ,cap4 ,in a late letter to the ,august ,constitution ,jas4 ,r4 ,randall discourses thus pleasantly of the efficiency of the night cap in producing sleep3 ,about #i o'clock at night we boarded the sleeping coach for ,washington4 ,just before retiring for the night my mind1 somehow or other1 reverted to an editorial article recently published in the ,new ,york ,times1 half serious1 half earnest1 concerning the latest theory of an ,english physician as to the prepotent cause of insomnia and nervous disorders generally4 ,it may be remembered that to the abandonment of the night cap of our grandfathers 7the cotton or flannel article1 not the alcoholic7 was attributed the modern tendency of sleeplessness that make even a philosopher like ,herbert ,spencer more or less of a crank4 ,what ,i wanted1 and wanted as the fellow did his pistol in ,texas1 was first-class slumber1 just such unmitigated repose as occasionally comes to a highly organized baby1 unvexed by colic or pure cussedness4 ,i began to think that perhaps that ,british doctor was right1 and that1 if it were possible1 ,i would return to the neglected custom of my ancestors4 ,just at that moment ,i plunged my hand into my coat pocket and pulled out a silk smoking-cap--a pretty thing1 wrought for me long ago by the dainty1 delicate1 deft fingers of one who now rests in the graveyard at ,augusta4 ,this cap was the very thing4 ,i placed it reverently upon my head1 with an act of faith1 and lay down4 ,the result was magical4 ,never since ,i was a boy can ,i remember to have experienced so perfect and delicious a repose4 ,not a dream rippled the surface of my calm brain1 and ,i awakened hours afterward with a sense of satisfaction that must be a foretaste of heaven itself4 ,an incipient headache had vanished4 ,powers of mind that had been dulled were restored to animation and keenness4 ,not a trace of irascibility remained2 but in its place came trooping the sweet angels that ,father ,faber says continually hover over the good-humored man4 ,i declare that the metamorphosis was so complete that ,i almost needed an introduction to my new self4 ,and this prodigy was created by one grand1 complete and unusual slumber1 when wearing a nightcap6 ,subsequent experiments have been relatively successful2 so ,i am getting to be an enthusiast on the subject4 ,some folks say that it is a delusion1 a mere freak of the imagination4 ,be it so4 ,if a nightcap can extinguish my imagination at bed-time1 thank ,god for the discovery6 ,my good old mother tells me that when ,i was a little fellow she used to tie a nightcap under my chin1 and that ,i was a famous sleeper in those times4 ,she is a firm believer in the efficacy4 ,likely enough if a man eats pickled pig's feet at midnight or drinks unlimited whisky1 even a silk or cotton nightcap may not consign him to the arms of ,morpheus2 but it may work wonders for a sober person who is cursed with the pestilent habit of conjuring up all manner or odd fancies when his head touches the pillow1 instead of dismissing the workmen who hammer on the forges of the brain4 ,the majority of the men will rather suffer nocturnal horrors than be laughed at for wearing nightcaps2 just as the majority of women will prefer to wear shoes that are instruments of disease and torture rather than have their feet shod comfortably and sensibly4 ,i have a clear idea as to which is the course of wisdom and which the alternative of folly4 ,but this is a diversion which you1 readers1 may smile at or not as the whim seizes you4 ,how to ,treat a ,boy4 ,get hold of the boy's heart4 ,yonder locomotive comes like a whirlwind down the track1 and a regiment of armed men might seek to arrest it in vain4 ,it would crush them1 and plunge unheeding on4 ,but there is a little lever in the mechanism that at the pressure of a man's hand will slacken its speed1 and in a moment bring it panting and still1 like a whipped spaniel1 at your feet4 ,by the same little lever the vast steamer is guided hither and yonder upon the sea1 in spite of the adverse winds or current4 ,that sensitive and responsive spot by which a boy's life is controlled is his heart4 ,with your grasp gently and firmly on that helm1 you may pilot him whither you will4 ,never doubt that he has a heart4 ,bad and willful boys very often have the tenderest hearts hidden somewhere beneath incrustations of sin or behind barricades of pride4 ,and it is your business to get at that heart1 keep hold of it by sympathy1 confiding in him1 manifestly working only for his good by little indirect kindnesses to his mother or sister1 or even his pet dog4 ,see him at his home1 or invite him into yours4 ,provide him some little pleasures1 set him at some little service of trust for you2 love him2 love him practically4 ,anyway and every way rule him through his heart4 99 99 99 99 99 ,etiquette now admits of a second plate of soup4 ,that is all right1 but if a man's appetite will not admit of a second plate of soup1 etiquette is nothing to him4 ,and if he has the appetite1 he will have the soup1 etiquette or no etiquette4 99 99 99 99 99 ,rand1 ,avery1 ,co41 ,boston1 announce a new story--a thrilling and powerful tale--involving the pregnant question of ,mormonism4 ,the book will be amply illustrated and sold by subscription4 ,the publishers say that in their opinion this book will serve a purpose not unlike ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin 7of which1 by the way1 four hundred thousand copies--eight hundred thousand volumes--were issued in this country1 every one of which bore their imprint74 ,it will hasten the day for the uprising of an indignant nation1 and their verdict will be as in the case of slavery--this disgrace must cease--the ,mormon must go6 ,pamphlets1 ,etc41 ,received4 ,honey1 as ,food and ,medicine4 ,presented by ,j4 ,l4 ,harris1 #fig ,w4 ,lake ,st41 ,chicago4 ,this little work contains many valuable recipes showing how honey can be made useful medicinally and as an appetizer4 ,for housekeepers in the country who have bees it will be found especially useful4 ,spring catalogue and price list of the ,eclectic ,small ,fruit ,nursery4 ,o4 ,b4 ,galusha1 ,morris1 ,ill4 ,new ,state ,fair ,grounds3 ,statement by the executive committee1 together with the rejoinder of the ,ohio ,state ,board of ,agriculture to the ,franklin ,county ,society's reply4 ,this pamphlet will be interesting to the farmers of that ,state4 ,landreth's ,companion for the ,garden and ,farm1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,price #aj cents4 ,this book is1 as usual1 handsomely gotten up1 and is truly a companion4 ,the prettily colored cover is but an index to the many colored pages within4 ,it also contains many interesting plates showing the manner and extent of work carried on by this enterprising firm4 ,the book is replete with valuable information4 ,supplemental ,report of the ,department of ,agriculture of ,georgia1 for the year #ahhc1 ,circular ,no4 #di1 new series4 ,shows the yield of the leading crops of the ,state as compared with #ahhb2 the average yield per acre1 and other matters of interest to the farmers of ,georgia4 ,descriptive ,catalogue of ,c4 ,a4 ,hiles ,co4's saws and ice tools1 #bcd ,south ,water street1 ,chicago4 ,descriptive catalogue and price list of ,h4 ,f4 ,dernell ,co4's ice tools1 ,athens1 ,n4 ,y4 ,a4 ,e4 ,spaulding's annual descriptive catalogue and price list of flower seeds1 plants1 and tools1 ,ainsworth1 ,iowa4 ,report ,no4 #c of the ,department of ,agriculture1 ,division and ,statistics1 ,december1 #ahhc1 ,washington4 ,this report is full of very useful statistical information4 ,foreign ,press ,opinions of ,madame ,marcella ,sembrich in ,mr4 ,henry ,e4 ,abbey's ,grand ,italian ,opera ,company4 ,these opinions are very flattering1 and if true1 the ,madame deserves to be well patronized4 ,chicago ,medical ,times1 edited by ,w4 ,h4 ,davis1 ,m4,d4 #b4jj per annum1 #be cents a single copy4 ,special ,report ,no4 #c of the ,department of ,agriculture1 miscellaneous1 ,washington4 ,this report is given up to the discussion of ,mississippi1 its climate1 soil1 productions1 and agricultural capabilities4 ,by ,a4 ,b4 ,hurt1 ,special ,agent4 ,the ,american ,naturalist for ,january contains the usual number of well-written articles1 and is finely illustrated4 ,this magazine is devoted to the natural sciences in the broadest sense of that term4 ,the ,silver ,dollar3 ,the original standard of payment of the ,united ,states of ,america1 and its enemies4 ,by ,henry ,carey ,baird1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 #haj ,walnut ,street4 ,the twenty-first and twenty-second quarterly report of the ,pennsylvania ,board of ,agriculture1 #ahhc4 ,harrisburg1 ,pa4 ,the ,storrs ,harrison ,co4's ,catalogue 7,no4 #b7 for #ahhd4 ,painesville1 ,ohio4 ,this catalogue is fully illustrated with cuts of flowers and vegetables of almost every known description1 so that the purchaser can see just what he is buying before sending order4 ,ohio ,crop ,report1 ,december1 #ahhc4 ,with analyses and valuations of fertilizers1 meteorological reports1 etc4 ,compiled ,correspondence4 ,kane ,co41 ,ill41 ,jan4 #ba4--;,cold weather continues4 ,on eight days of this month the thermometer has been below zero4 ,it has been above the freezing point only on one morning1 the #acth4 ,sleighing is good1 except on some of the graveled roads4 ,cattle are in good condition4 ,the horse distemper prevails in some localities among colts4 ,hay is plenty4 ,a few fat hogs were sold last week4 ,one farmer1 in ,kaneville1 sold #hj hogs1 averaging #ddc pounds each1 at #f4aj per cwt4 ,there are but very few fat hogs left4 ,the cold1 dry weather has improved the condition of corn in the cribs4 ,coarse feed is scarce4 ,considerable corn has been shipped here from ,kansas4 ,bran and middlings are coming in from ,minneapolis1 and sell at #ae and and #ag per ton4 ,cheese factory dividends for ,november from #a4ej to #a4fj per cwt4 ,large quantities of milk are daily shipped into ,chicago from this county4 ,j4 ,p4 ,b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i see that you request items in regard to the cold wave that swept over our country during the first week in this month4 ,there is no doubt the cold was as intense over the country generally as it has been known for many years1 or perhaps ever before1 but so far as ,i can learn the damage to fruit trees1 etc41 is very slight4 ,on the morning of the #afth of ,december we had our first snow1 but the weather was quite pleasant to the end of the year1 with occasionally slight freezing1 but thermometer never down to zero4 ,the result of this favorable weather was the thorough ripening up of the wood of all fruit and ornamental trees1 so that when on the #eth of the present month the mercury ran down to #bf degrees below zero1 and in some parts of the country far below that even1 the damage was very slight4 ,the writer has been extensively engaged in cutting scions1 and knows whereof he speaks4 ,i have also examined some peach trees and find the wood slightly discolored but not dead4 ,i did not thoroughly examine the fruit buds of the peach1 but suppose1 of course1 they are all killed4 ,had this intense cold weather occurred early in ,december1 there is no doubt but the damage would have been immense4 ,there has been a great loss of potatoes in cellars and pits1 as most people had worked themselves into the belief that we were to have a mild winter1 and had not prepared their cellars to resist cold at the rate of #cj degrees below zero4 ,the result is that thousands of bushels of potatoes are frozen and ruined1 and although the largest crop of potatoes was raised last year that ever was raised in the ,united ,states1 yet potatoes will be high priced before planting time4 ,h4 ,a4 ,,terry4 ,,crescent ,,city1 ,,ia41 ,jan4 #ai4 ,seed ,corn ,famine4 ,probably nineteen farmers in twenty must buy seed corn for next spring's planting1 on account of the failure of the '#hc crop to ripen4 ,we must look sharp to the seeds we buy1 that they are better than our own1 as many unreliable parties will offer inferior stocks1 to take advantage of the demand4 ,we suggest that every corn grower should send to ,hiram ,sibley ,co41 the reliable seedsmen at ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 and ,chicago1 ,ill41 for their catalogue and seed-corn circulars4 ,this house makes a specialty of seed-corn and we believe that they will do what they say they will4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,maps4 ,,rand1 ,mc,n,a,l,l,y ,,co4',s ,,new ,,railroad --,,and-- ,,county ,,map --,,of ,,the-- ,,united ,,states --,,and-- ,,dominion ,,of ,,canada4 ,size1 #d #b-a_/b feet1 mounted on rollers to hang on the wall4 ,this is an ,,entirely ,,new ,,map1 ,constructed from the most recent and authentic sources4 --,,it ,,shows-- ,,all ,,the ,,railroads1 --,,and-- ,,every ,,county ,,and ,,principal ,,town --,,in ,,the-- ,,united ,,states ,,and ,,canada4 ,a useful ,map in every one's home1 and place of business4 ,,price1 #b4jj4 ,agents wanted1 to whom liberal inducements will be given4 ,address ,,rand1 ,mc,n,a,l,l,y ,,co41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,by arrangements with the publishers of this ,map we are enabled to make the following liberal offer3 ,to each person who will remit us #b4be we will send copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,one ,year and ,,this ,,map ,,postpaid4 ,address ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,to ,,preserve ,,the ,,health ,use the ,magneton ,appliance ,co4's ,,magnetic ,,lung ,,protector6 ,,price ,,only #e4 ,they are priceless to ,,ladies1 ,,gentlemen1 and ,,children with ,,weak ,,lungs2 no case of ,,pneumonia ,,or ,,croup is ever known where these garments are worn4 ,they also prevent and cure ,,heart ,,difficulties1 ,,colds1 ,,rheumatism1 ,,neuralgia1 ,,throat ,,troubles1 ,,diphtheria1 ,,catarrh1 ,,and ,,all ,,kindred ,,diseases4 ,will ,,wear any service for ,,three ,,years4 ,are worn over the under-clothing4 ,,catarrh1 ,it is needless to describe the symptoms of this nauseous disease that is sapping the life and strength of only too many of the fairest and best of both sexes4 ,labor1 study1 and research in ,america1 ,europe1 and ,eastern lands1 have resulted in the ,magnetic ,lung ,protector1 affording cure for ,catarrh1 a remedy which contains ,no ,drugging of the ,system1 and with the continuous stream of ,magnetism permeating through the afflicted organs2 ,,must ,,restore ,,them ,,to ,a ,,healthy ,,action4 ,,we ,,place ,,our ,,price for this ,appliance at less than one-twentieth of the price asked by others for remedies upon which you take all the chances1 and ,,we ,,especially ,,invite the patronage of the ,,many ,,persons who have tried ,,drugging ,,the ,,stomachs ,,without ,,effect4 ,,how ,,to ,,obtain ,this ,appliance4 ,go to your druggist and ask for them4 ,if they have not got them1 write to the proprietors1 enclosing the price1 in letter at our risk1 and they will be sent to you at once by mail1 post paid4 ,send stamp for the ,new ,departure in ,medical ,treatment ,,without ,,medicine1 with thousands of testimonials1 ,,the ,,magneton ,,appliance ,,co41 #bah ,state ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,note4--,send one dollar in postage stamps or currency 7in letter at our risk7 with size of shoe usually worn1 and try a pair of our ,magnetic ,insoles1 and be convinced of the power residing in our ,magnetic ,appliances4 ,positively no cold feet where they are worn1 or money refunded4 ,illustration ,,our ,,young ,,folks ,jule ,fisher's ,rescue4 ,it had been an unusually severe winter1 even for ,northern ,aroostook4 ,snow-fall had succeeded snow-fall1 with no interval that could really be called thaw1 till the loggers had finished their work2 and as they come plodding home on snow shoes1 they all agreed that the snow lay from ten to twelve feet deep on a level in the woods4 ,no wonder1 then1 that the warm ,march sun came to shine upon it day after day1 and the copious spring showers fell1 there should have been a very unusual flood1 or freshet4 ,every one predicted that when the ice should break in the river1 there would be a grand spectacle1 and danger1 too1 as well2 and all waited with some anxiety for the break to come4 ,one morning1 we at the village were awakened by a deep1 roaring1 booming1 crashing noise1 and sprang from our beds1 crying3 ,the ice has broken up6 ,the ice is running out6 ,in hardly more time than it takes to tell it1 we were dressed and at the back windows1 which looked down upon the river6 ,it was indeed a grand sight6 ,huge cakes of ice of every shape and size were driving1 tumbling1 crashing past1 as if in a mad race with each other4 ,the river1 filled to overflowing1 seemed in angry haste to hurl its icy burden down the falls below4 ,but after a few days the river ran clear1 save for the occasional breaking of some jam above4 ,along the margin of the broad stream1 however1 there were here and there slight indentures1 or notches1 in the banks1 where the ice had escaped the mad rush of waters and still clung in considerable patches4 ,it was upon one of these still undisturbed patches that ,jule ,fisher1 a rough boy of fourteen1 with several of his equally rough comrades1 was playing on the lovely morning upon which my story opens4 ,these lads were not the sons of the steady1 intelligent1 church-going inhabitants of this quiet ,northern hamlet1 but were from the families of lumbermen1 river-drivers and shingle-shavers4 ,for some time they had been having boisterous sport1 venturing out upon the extreme edges of the ice and with long poles pushing about the stray cakes which occasionally came within their reach4 ,at length they grew tired of this1 and began to jump upon ticklish points of ice2 and as these began to crack and show signs of breaking away1 the boys would run1 with wild whoops1 back to shore1 the very danger seeming to add to their enjoyment4 ,then1 with poles and prys1 they would work upon the cracking mass until it floated clear and went whirling down the rapid current4 ,ahoy1 boys6 called ,jule1 who was seemingly their leader4 ,up yender's a big cake that only wants a shove6 ,come on6 ,let's set 'er a-going6 ,no sooner said than done4 ,away went the noisy fellows to the projecting point of ice4 ,a few smart jumps sent it creaking and groaning1 as though still unwilling to quit its snug winter bed4 ,one more jump1 and the boys all ran with a shout beyond the place where the ice was cracking off--all save ,jule4 ,it had not broken clear1 and he was determined to set it going1 when he would spring on the firm ice beyond1 as he had done once or twice before4 ,but this time he was over-bold and not sufficiently watchful4 ,a large cake of ice had come floating down the river unnoticed either by him or his friends1 and striking the edge of the nearly loosened mass1 shoved it out into the swift1 black water4 ,poor ,jule6 ,he ran quickly to the freshly-broken edge--but1 alas6 too late for the intended spring4 ,the swiftly-rushing current had borne him many yards from the shore and from his companions4 ,there he stood--for an instant in dumb amaze--balancing himself upon his rocking raft with the pole he had been using4 ,to attempt to swim ashore would have been useless4 ,he was a clumsy swimmer at best2 and the cold1 rushing waters and floating ice cakes made swimming almost impossible4 ,he could not get off4 ,to stay seemed sure death4 ,dumb with fright1 for a moment he stood in speechless terror4 ,then there rang across the wild1 black river and through the quiet streets of the village1 such a yell of abject fear as only a lusty lad of that age can give4 ,it was a cry that chilled the heart of every one who heard it4 ,a four-days' meeting was in session4 ,the village church-goers were just issuing from their houses in answer to the church bell1 when that pitiful cry and the shouts of ,help6 ,help6 ,a boy in the stream6 reached them1 and drew them all quickly to the river bank4 ,in a few minutes the shore was lined with excited men and women4 ,yet all stood helplessly staring1 while poor ,jule on his ice-raft was floating steadily down toward the falls4 ,never shall ,i forget how he looked as he stood there in the middle of his floating white throne6 ,there was something almost heroic in his calm helplessness4 ,for after the first wild cry1 he had not once opened his lips4 ,downward he floated1 drawn swiftly and surely on by the deep1 mighty rush of waters setting into the throat of the cataract4 ,the heavy roar from far below sounded like the luckless lad's knell4 ,he stood but a single chance--and that was hardly a chance--of his ice-raft lodging against a tilted-up jam of cakes and logs which had piled against a jagged ledge that rose in mid-stream1 just above the brink of the precipice4 ,this jam had hung there1 wavering in the flood1 for thirty-six hours4 ,every moment it seemed about to go off--yet still it clung1 in tremor1 as it seemed1 at the fatal plunge which would dash it to pieces in the thundering maelstrom below4 ,good fortune--,providence1 perhaps--so guided ,jule's ice-raft that it struck and lodged against the jam1 just as the horrified watchers on shore expected to lose sight of the lad forever in the falls4 ,if it will only hang there6 muttered scores1 scarcely daring as yet to speak a loud word4 ,they could see the cake1 with ,jule on it1 heaving up and down with the mighty rhythmic motion of the surging torrent2 and all ran along down the banks1 to come nearer4 ,the boy stood in the very jaws of death4 ,beneath1 the cataract roared and hurled up white gusts of spray4 ,just at this moment1 a short1 thick-set man1 with a round1 good-natured face1 joined the crowd4 ,for a moment he stood looking out at the lad1 then slapping another young man on the shoulder1 said1 hurriedly1 ,isn't there an old bateau stowed away in your shed1 ,lanse8 ,yes1 was the reply4 ,quick1 then6 exclaimed the first speaker4 ,there isn't a moment to lose4 ,but1 ,mac1 answered ,lanse1 as he hurried after him4 ,i'm afraid she's no good2 she's old and she's been stowed away all winter4 ,ten to one the old thing leaks like a riddlin' sieve4 ,but we mustn't lose a chance6 exclaimed ,mac4 ,that jam will go out within half an hour1 if it doesn't within ten minutes6 ,by this time the two had reached the shed4 ,they quickly drew the bateau from its wintering place1 and taking the long1 light boat upon their shoulders1 ran rapidly through the village and down to the river4 ,meantime1 two or three other men had run to fetch dog warps and towing-lines1 a large number of which are always kept in these backwoods lumbering hamlets1 for use on the rivers and lakes1 when logs are rafted out in the spring4 ,acting under ,mac's prompt orders1 a six-hundred foot warp was at once made fast to a ring in the stern of a bateau1 and another line laid ready to bend to the first4 ,jumping into the bateau1 paddle in hand1 and a boat-hook laid ready for instant use1 the bold young fellow now ordered the men to shove off the skiff into the river and then pay out the line1 as he should direct--thus lowering him1 yard by yard1 down toward the jam where ,jule stood4 ,rod by rod1 they let him down toward the roaring abyss of furious waters1 till the bateau--guided by the paddle1 and held back now by the main strength of twenty men--touched the ice-cake4 ,but even as it touched1 the cake began to slide off the jam2 and ,jule was thrown on his hands and knees4 ,quick as thought1 however1 his courageous rescuer struck his boat-hook into the ice and held fast while ,jule1 stiff with fright1 tumbled in at the bow of the bateau4 ,he was hardly in the boat when the whole mass of ice and logs went over the falls4 ,a shout arose1 and when a few minutes later the bateau was drawn safely back up the stream1 and ,mac stepped ashore with a rather bashful smile on his round1 fresh face1 every one joined in long and prolonged cheers4 ,as for ,jule1 he had to be helped out of the boat and led home2 for he was1 as they said1 limp as a rag2 and it was noticed that after this perilous adventure he was a much more sober and thoughtful boy4 ,pray do not imagine1 reader1 that ,i have been telling you a made-up story1 for what ,i have related is true1 the writer herself being an eye-witness to the incident while a teacher in a backwoods school-district on the banks of the ,aroostook4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,live ,,stock1 ,etc4 ,,public ,,sale ,,of ,short-,horn ,cattle ,,at ,somers1 ,kenosha ,co41 ,wis4 ,,on ,wednesday1 ,march #ai1 #ahhd4 ,i will sell at public sale1 at my farm near ,somers1 ,wis41 at above time and place1 my entire herd of ,thoroughbred ,short-horn cattle1 numbering forty head4 ,among them are many of the choicest families4 ,included in the sale will be the grand young bull ,orpheus #acth1 bred at ,bow ,park1 a beautiful red1 and one of the finest bulls in the ,west4 ,the cows are all ,breeders1 and will have calves by their sides1 or be safe in calf4 ,i offer this grand herd of cattle with reluctance1 solely on account of my advanced age and failing health4 ,catalogues ready about ,feb4 #ae4 ,lunch at #ab4 ,sale to begin at #a4 ,free conveyances will meet the trains on morning of sale at ,somers1 on ,c4 ,m4 ,st4 ,paul1 and at ,kenosha for ,c4 ,n4 ,w4 ,r4 ,r4 ,,wm4 ,,yule1 ,somers1 ,kenosha ,co41 ,wis4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,judy1 ,auctioneer4 99 99 99 99 99 #aj ,,jersey ,,bulls ,,for ,,sale1 ,all of fine quality1 solid color and bk4 points4 ,ages1 from six to eighteen months4 ,sons of ,mahkeenae1 #cbij2 brother of ,eurotus1 #bded1 who made #ggh lbs4 butter in a year1 and out of cows of the best butter blood1 some having records of fourteen and fifteen lbs4 per week4 ,no fancy prices4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,cooley1 ,little ,britain1 ,orange ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,n4 ,b4--,if ,i make sales as formerly will send a car with man in charge to ,cleveland1 getting lowest rates4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,scotch ,,collie ,,shepherd ,,pups1 --,,from-- ,,imported ,,and ,,trained ,,stock --,,also-- ,,newfoundland ,,pups ,,and ,,rat ,,terrier ,,pups4 ,concise and practical printed instruction in ,training young ,shepherd ,dogs1 is given to buyers of ,shepherd ,puppies2 or will be sent on receipt of #be cents in postage stamps4 ,for ,printed ,circular1 giving full particulars about ,shepherd ,dogs1 enclose a #c-;cent stamp1 and address ,n4,h4 ,,paaren1 ,p4,o4 ,box #cbf1 ,,chicago4 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,seeds ,our new catalogue1 best published1 ,,free to all4 #a1ejj varieties1 #cjj illustrations4 ,you ought to have it4 ,,benson1 ,,maule ,,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,breeders ,,directory4 ,the following list embraces the names of responsible and reliable ,breeders in their line1 and parties wishing to purchase or obtain information can feel assured that they will be honorably dealt with3 ,,swine4 ,chester ,whites4 ,w4 ,a4 ,gilbert ,wauwatosa ,wis4 ,,scheidt ,,davis1 ,,dyer1 ,,lake ,,co41 ,,ind41 breeders of ,victoria swine4 ,originators of this famous breed4 ,stock for ,sale4 ,write for circular ,a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,railroads4 ,illustration ,a ,,man ,,who ,,is ,,unacquainted ,,with ,,the ,,geography ,,of ,,this ,,country ,,will ,,see ,,by ,,examining ,,this ,,map ,,that ,,the ,,chicago1 ,,rock ,,island ,,pacific ,r',y ,by the central position of its line1 connects the ,east and the ,west by the shortest route1 and carries passengers1 without change of cars1 between ,chicago and ,kansas ,city1 ,council ,bluffs1 ,leavenworth1 ,atchison1 ,minneapolis and ,st4 ,paul4 ,it connects in ,union ,depots with all the principal lines of road between the ,atlantic and the ,pacific ,oceans4 ,its equipment is unrivaled and magnificent1 being composed of ,most ,comfortable and ,beautiful ,day ,coaches1 ,magnificent ,horton ,reclining ,chair ,cars1 ,pullman's ,prettiest ,palace ,sleeping ,cars1 and the ,best ,line of ,dining ,cars in the ,world4 ,three ,trains between ,chicago and ,missouri ,river ,points4 ,two ,trains between ,chicago and ,minneapolis and ,st4 ,paul1 via the ,famous ,,albert ,,lea ,,route4 ,a ,new and ,direct ,line1 via ,seneca and ,kankakee1 has recently been opened between ,richmond ,norfolk1 ,newport ,news1 ,chattanooga1 ,atlanta1 ,augusta1 ,nashville1 ,louisville1 ,lexington1 ,cincinnati ,indianapolis and ,lafayette1 and ,omaha1 ,minneapolis and ,st4 ,paul and intermediate points4 ,all ,through ,passengers ,travel on ,fast ,express ,trains4 ,tickets for sale at all principal ,ticket ,offices in the ,united ,states and ,canada4 ,baggage checked through and rates of fare always as low as competitors that offer less advantages4 ,for detailed information1 get the ,maps and ,folders of the ,,great ,,rock ,,island ,,route1 ,at your nearest ,ticket ,office1 or address ,r4,r4 ,,cable1 ,vice-,pres4 ,gen'l ,m'g'r1 ,e4 ,,st4 ,,john1 ,gen'l ,tkt4 ,pass4 ,agt4 ,,chicago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,don't be ,humbugged ,with ,poor1 ,cheap ,coulters4 ,illustration ,all farmers have had trouble with their ,coulters4 ,in a few days they get to wabbling1 are condemned and thrown aside4 ,in our ,,boss ,coulter we furnish a tool which can scarcely be worn out2 and when worn1 the wearable parts1 a prepared wood journal1 and movable thimble in the hub 7held in place by a key7 can be easily and cheaply renewed4 ,,we ,,guarantee ,,our ,,boss to plow more acres than any other three ,coulters now used4 ,,our ,o4 ,k4 ,,clamp ,attaches the ,coulter to any size or kind of beam1 either right or left hand plow4 ,we know that after using it you will say it is ,,the ,,best ,,tool ,,on ,,the ,,market4 ,ask your dealer for it4 ,manufactured by the ,,boss ,,coulter ,,co41 ,bunker ,hill1 ,ills4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,new ,vegetables ,a ,specialty ,,gregory',s ,,seed ,,catalogue4 #ahed-ahhd ,my ,vegetable and ,flower ,seed ,catalogue for #ahhd1 the result of thirty years experience as a ,seed ,grower1 will be sent free to all who apply4 ,all my ,seed is warranted to be fresh and true to name1 so far that should it prove otherwise1 ,i agree to refill orders gratis4 ,my collection of vegetable ,seed1 one of the most extensive to be found in any ,american ,catalogue1 is a large part of it of my own growing4 ,as the original introducer of ,eclipse ,beet1 ,burbank ,potatoes1 ,marblehead ,early ,corn1 the ,hubbard ,squash1 and scores of other new ,vegetables1 ,i invite the patronage of the public4 ,in the gardens and on the farms of those who plant my seed will be found my best advertisement4 ,,james ,j4 ,h4 ,,gregory1 ,seed ,grower1 ,marblehead1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,send for ,catalogue and ,prices4 ,,atlas ,,engine ,,works ,illustration ,,indianapolis1 ,,ind41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,steam ,,engines ,,and ,,boilers4 ,,carry ,,engines and ,,boilers ,,in ,,stock for ,,immediate ,,delivery 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sibley',s ,,tested ,,seeds1 ,for all ,climates1 ,for all ,soils1 ,all ,plants4 ,,every ,,sack ,,tested ,,for ,,vitality4 ,,all ,,tested ,,in ,,gardens ,,for ,,purity ,,and ,,value4 ,,catalogue ,,and ,,price ,,list ,,of ,,all ,,tested ,,varieties1 ,,free4 ,mail order promptly filled1 making a ,seed ,store at home4 ,send for ,catalogue4 ,,hiram ,,sibley ,,co41 ,rochester1 ,n ,y4 and ,chicago1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,literature4 ,,between ,,the ,,two ,,lights4 ,no use talking1 missy--no use talking ',bout de daylight and dat kind ob ting ',tween the two lights--sunset and sunrising-- ,dis ole nigger happier dan a king4 ,dis ole nigger don got all he want to1 ,all he want1 and more 'an he can say2 ,gib him night1 de darker and de better1 ,white folks more 'an welcome to de day4 ,in de day him ole and pore and wretched1 ,got to tote de load and swing de hoe1 ,got to do jest what de white folks tole him1 ,got to trabel when dey tole him go4 ,don't own nothing but an empty cabin2 ,got no wife1 no chillen at him knee2 ,got no nothing but a little pallet1 ,and a pot to bile him hominy4 ,in de day him gits no 'spectful notice1 ,him is only dat ole nigger ,brown2 ,in de night him tells you1 little missy1 ,things git mightily turned upside down4 ,den somehow him's young and rich and happy1 ,den him own more acres dan him see3 ,den him got a powerful lot ob hosses1 ,den de white folks stop an speak to he4 ,den him hab a big house like ole massa's1 ,dan ,melinda is him lubly wife2 ,den de little chillen call him pappy1 ,den him see de bery best ob life4 ,den sometimes him talking in de meeting4 ,an' him feel de biggest in de town1 ,for at night him neber dat ole nigger1 ,him the ,reberend ,mister ,isaac ,brown4 ,dreaming1 is him8 ,dreaming1 do you call it8 ,then him s'pose it's living in de day4 ,well1 him likes de night-time and de dreaming1 ,for him griefs wid sunshine go away4 ,no use talking1 missy1 no use talking ',bout de sunshine and dat kind ob ting2 ',tween de two lights--sunset and sunrising-- ,dis ole nigger happier dan a king4 ,,the ,,two ,,overcoats4 ,when ,amos ,derby came out of ,levi ,rosenbaum's pawnshop1 the richer by five dollars1 but leaving his overcoat in the hands of the ,jew1 he made his way directly to ,sillbrook's saloon1 where1 he felt sure1 he should meet half a dozen at least of his boon companions4 ,he was not mistaken4 ,the bar-room was crowded1 and a general shout of welcome greeted him as he entered1 for ,amos was a generous fellow1 and was always willing to treat4 ,the five dollar bill was quickly broken by the jovial bar-keeper1 and two hours later when ,amos waked rather unsteadily out of the saloon1 he had not a cent in his pocket4 ,but this did not trouble him in the least4 ,he had spent too much money in ,sillbrook's during the last two years to think anything of squandering in one evening such a paltry sum as five dollars4 ,as he left the saloon by the main entrance1 he saw a man emerge from a side door of the building1 and cross the street with rapid strides2 a tall man1 well dressed1 and bearing about him a look of prosperity4 ,he wore a very handsome overcoat with sealskin cuffs and collar1 a sealskin cap1 and well fitting gloves4 ,drunk as ,amos was he recognized him at once2 it was ,sillbrook himself4 ,been in the back room countin' up his gains1 most likely1 he muttered thickly4 ,he's above standin' behind the bar nowadays4 ,amos could well remember when ,sillbrook had been only a mill-hand like himself1 earning twelve dollars a week4 ,but he had been a prudent1 saving man always1 and had early made up his mind to be rich1 no matter at what cost of conscience and principle4 ,with this end in view he had purchased a saloon1 and cordially invited his former fellow workers at the mill to patronize him4 ,this they were very willing to do1 for ,sillbrook knew how to make his saloon attractive2 and he soon had as much custom as he could well attend to4 ,at length he hired a bar-keeper1 and after a couple of years was never seen behind the bar himself4 ,he had grown rich very rapidly1 and now owned one of the finest houses in the town1 and was able to gratify every taste and whim1 while those who had helped him to his wealth by drinking his liquors were as poor as ever--many of them poorer4 ,amos ,derby had been one of ,sillbrook's best customers ever since the saloon had been opened1 and as a natural consequence had had little to spend in comforts for his wife and children4 ,he still lived in the small cottage he had bought on first moving to the town1 and had seen it grow more and more dilapidated every year without making any attempt to repair it4 ,but though the outside was far from attractive1 the inside was always neat and clean1 for1 whatever her faults of temper1 ,jane ,derby was a woman who believed thoroughly in abiding by heaven's first law1 and who labored early and late to make both ends meet1 something she would not have been able to accomplish had she not possessed skill as a dressmaker1 for ,amos seldom gave her any of his earnings4 ,she was sitting in the kitchen sewing when her husband came in1 and a bitter expression crossed her face as she saw his condition4 ,drunk1 as usual1 she said1 harshly1 when were you anything else8 ,when you was kinder spoken1 perhaps1 answered ,amos1 with spirit4 ,this is the sort of welcome ,i get every night in the week4 ',tain't much wonder ,i go to ,sillbrook's4 ,he dropped into a chair as he spoke1 and began to pull off his boots4 ,if you didn't have one excuse you'd make another1 said ,jane1 flushing1 and bending closer over her sewing4 ,perhaps you think ,i ought to feel pleasant when you come home in this state4 ,well6 it ain't human nature1 that it ain't6 ,i mind the time you brought home your wages reg'lar1 every ,sat'day night1 and ,i was willin' enough then to speak kind to you4 ,now the children would starve if it wasn't for me4 ,where's your overcoat8 a sudden pallor creeping into her face as she asked the question4 ,yes6 where is that overcoat8--what have you done with it that you haven't it on--where is it8 ,where d'ye s'pose8 said ,amos1 roughly4 ,down at the pawn-shop1 of course1 cried his wife1 angrily1 where every decent coat you ever had has gone4 ,but you promised me you'd never part with this one1 ,amos ,derby1 and you've broke your word4 ,i might have known you would6 ,and to think how ,i worked for it1 and let the children do without shoes6 ,it's too bad6 ,i declare it is6 ,i gave twelve dollars for it only a month ago1 and ,i'll wager you let ,levi have it for half o' that4 ,it's a shame1 a dreadful shame4 ,stop that4 ,i won't have it1 said ,amos in a threatening tone4 ,there's no use whining over it now4 ,if you say another word about it ,i'll go out again1 right off4 ,go6 said ,jane1 fiercely1 and ,i wish it was forever6 ,i wish ,i was never to look on your face again6 ,you're naught but a trouble and a disgrace to us all6 ,all right1 said ,amos1 as he pulled on his boots again1 ,i'm goin'4 ,i'll take you at your word4 ,you won't see me again in a hurry2 now you just mark that4 ,a trouble and a disgrace1 am ,i8 ,yes1 you are6 said ,jane1 her anger increasing as her mind dwelt upon the loss of the coat she had worked so hard to earn4 ,i mean all ,i've said1 and more1 too6 ,go6 go to ,sillbrook's6 ,ask him to show you the overcoat he's wearin'4 ,i saw it yesterday1 and yours wasn't a circumstance to it6 ,go6 ,give him every penny you've got6 ,he needs it6 with a bitter little laugh4 ,his children's feet are all out on the ground1 and his wife hasn't a decent dress to her name1 with a glance at her faded calico gown4 ,help him all you can1 ,amos ,derby1 he's in need o' charity4 ,amos made no answer4 ,he was considerably more sober than when he had left the saloon1 for the walk home through the fresh winter air had done him good1 and he felt the force of his wife's words4 ,they rung in his ears as he slammed the kitchen door behind him1 and1 taking the road which led by the mill1 walked rapidly away4 ,he was soon in the heart of the town1 but he did not think or care where he was going4 ,his only idea was to get away from the sound of ,jane's sharp voice1 and he turned down first one street and then another1 without pausing1 until he came to ,elm ,avenue1 on which were situated the handsomest houses in the town4 ,there was a large1 square brick house on the corner1 with stables in the rear1 a conservatory on one side1 and a beautiful lawn in front1 and this place seemed to possess some strange fascination for ,amos1 for he stopped suddenly at the gate and stood there for fully five minutes1 admiring1 perhaps1 the mansion's air of solid comfort and wealth4 ,the iron gate was open1 and presently1 as if impelled by some impulse he could not resist1 he entered1 and walking softly up the graveled path1 looked in at one of the long windows4 ,the room upon which he gazed was very handsomely furnished4 ,the chairs were luxuriously cushioned1 a large mirror hung over the mantel1 the carpet was of velvet1 a crystal chandelier depended from the ceiling1 and a bright fire burned in the open grate1 before which sat a lady richly dressed1 reading aloud to three children1 sitting on ottomans at her feet4 ,for a long1 long time ,amos ,derby stood by the window1 his eyes wandering from one article of luxury to another1 a dark frown on his face1 and his teeth set hard together4 ,my money1 he muttered1 when at last he turned away4 ,i've given it to him1 cent by cent1 and dollar by dollar1 and ,i've naught to show for it1 while he6 he's got his fine house1 and his rich carpets1 and his handsome clothes4 ,it's the same money1 only ,i've spent it in one way1 and he in another4 ,as the last words left his lips a hand fell heavily upon his shoulder1 and a voice--the voice of ,sillbrook--asked him harshly what he wanted4 ,a look into your fine parlor1 answered ,amos roughly4 ,strange ,i wanted to see it1 wasn't it8 ,it ought not to matter to me1 of course1 what use you make o' my money4 ,your money6 said ,sillbrook1 with a loud laugh4 ,that's a crazy joke6 ,come1 my man1 you're drunk4 ,get out of here1 or ,i'll have you put where you can make your jokes to yourself4 ,you think you're rich enough now to speak to me as you choose1 said ,amos hotly4 ,time was when you wouldn't have dared4 ,but ,i tell you1 ,jason ,sillbrook1 ,i've come to my senses to-night4 ,it's a poor bargain where the gain's all on one side4 ,we started even1 and you've got all and ,i nothin'4 ,but ,i tell you now1 that1 heaven helpin' me1 you'll never have another dollar o' mine to spend4 ,you'll never buy another coat like this out o' my money1 and he struck in sudden passion the seal-trimmed garment which covered ,sillbrook's ample proportions4 ,be off with you1 said the saloon-keeper4 ,you're too drunk to know what you're talking about4 ,and who made me drunk8 answer that question1 ,jason ,sillbrook1 screamed ,amos4 ,i'll answer nothing1 said ,sillbrook1 and1 tearing his coat from the grasp ,amos had laid upon it1 he strode up the path and disappeared within the house4 ,the next morning1 when the superintendent made his round of the mill1 he missed one of the machine hands4 ,where's ,derby8 he asked1 angrily4 ,no one could answer his question4 ,no one had seen ,derby that day4 ,and no one at the mill saw him for many a day to come4 ,i might have been kinder to him1 thought ,jane1 when at last she became convinced that her husband had in truth left her4 ,perhaps ,i did say more'n ,i should at times4 ,poor ,amos6 he was no more to blame than ,i was1 after all4 ,perhaps he would have kept out o' that saloon if ,i'd only coaxed 'stead o' railing at him4 ,he wasn't bad-hearted1 an' he never meant more'n half he said4 ,and as the days went by1 and she forgot her past sorrows1 she had only kind thoughts of her absent husband1 and blamed only herself for their mutual misery4 ,she wished with all her heart that she could begin all over again1 and try the effect of kindness and forbearance on ,amos4 ,but no such opportunity was given her1 and she had little time for bitter thoughts or unavailing regret4 ,the superintendent of the mill gave her eldest child1 a lad of fourteen1 a situation where he could earn #d a week1 and a girl a year younger found work in a millinery store4 ,thus ,jane was relieved of much anxiety1 and she was so skilful with her needle that she soon found herself able to lay by something for a rainy day1 as she expressed it4 ,gradually the children were provided with comfortable clothes and were sent to church and to ,sunday-school1 from which they had been debarred for several years1 owing to a lack of decent apparel2 the house was repaired1 new furniture bought1 a flower garden laid out in front of the cottage1 and a new fence erected4 ,people began to speak of ,jane as a surprisingly smart woman1 and to say that her husband's desertion had been a blessing in disguise4 ,but in spite of her prosperity there was an ache ever at ,jane's heart1 and a regret which no good fortune could stifle4 ,if ,i'd only been kinder6 she would say to herself1 as she lay awake at night and thought of her absent husband4 ,it was my fault he drank2 ,i see that now4 ,he was always telling me that my temper'd ruin him in the end1 and now his word's come true4 ,she felt as if she ought to make some atonement for her past sin1 even though she was never to see her husband again1 and with this end in view she determined to cure herself of the habit of scolding and fault-finding about which poor ,amos had complained so bitterly4 ,after a few struggles at first1 she found her new path very pleasant to her feet1 and was encouraged to persevere by the artless comments made by her children on the improvement in her temper4 ,you're so good1 now1 mother1 they would say1 when1 instead of the sharp rebuke they had expected on the commission of some childish folly1 came very kind words of regret and gentle reproof4 ,you are so different from what you used to be4 ,if father could only come home and live with us now how happy we would all be4 ,but ,amos did not come4 ,year after year passed1 and he sent no word or sign2 and at length both wife and children grew to think of him as dead4 ,seven years6 ,seven years to a day had passed since ,amos ,derby had left his home1 and up the street and past the mill came a tall man1 with a cap of sealskin pulled low over his eyes1 and handsome overcoat trimmed with the same costly fur over his arm4 ,he whistled as he walked1 and seemed in great good humor1 for occasionally he would break out into a loud laugh4 ,but as he came near the cottage where ,jane ,derby lived1 he became more quiet1 and an anxious expression stole into his face4 ,i wonder if she'll know me1 he muttered4 ,going up to the window of the kitchen1 he shaded his eyes with one hand and looked in4 ,jane was setting at supper1 her five children about her4 ,the room looked warm and comfortable4 ,a bright fire burned in the stove1 the kettle sang merrily1 and a big maltese cat dozed among some plants on the broad window seat4 ,fred1 the eldest son1 a muscular young man of twenty-one now1 was speaking1 and his words came distinctly to the ears of the watcher outside4 ,brooks goes to-morrow1 he said1 and we are to have a new superintendent from ----4 ,i hope he'll have a better temper than ,brooks1 and ,i wish----,who's that8 as a sudden knock came upon the door4 ,the new superintendent1 said the tall man1 as he walked into the room and threw his overcoat on a chair4 ,jane1 don't you know me8 ,with a glad cry that was almost a sob1 ,jane sprang forward1 and was folded in the stranger's arms4 ,children1 she said1 when she could speak1 this is your father1 come back to us at last4 ,and to stay1 please ,god1 said ,amos ,derby1 fervently1 as in turn he embraced his children affectionately4 ,jane1 you shall have no room to complain of me in the future4 ,i mean to make up to you for all ,i made you suffer before ,i found out what a fool ,i was to think more of my appetite than of my wife and children4 ,do you know what taught me my lesson8--,sillbrook's overcoat2 and ,i've got one just like it4 ,it will be a reminder1 you know4 ,and ,i've something better still--the place of superintendent at the mills here4 ,i've worked hard1 ,jane1 but my reward has come at last4 ,when ,i left here ,i resolved never to come back until ,i could make myself worthy of you and the children4 ,i found a place in the mills at ----1 and worked my way up to be superintendent4 ,where there's a will1 there's always a way1 you know4 ,i learned that you didn't need my help1 so ,i waited on year after year1 and now---- ,we are together1 never to part again this side the grave1 finished ,jane1 ,amos1 ,god rules us all for the best4 ,let us thank ,him for the blessings ,he has bestowed upon us2 and then--suppose you let us see how you look in the overcoat you've come by so justly4 ,the news that ,amos ,derby was the new superintendent soon flew about the town1 and great was the surprise thereat4 ,no one was more astonished1 perhaps1 at the turn affairs had taken than ,jason ,sillbrook1 and he wondered greatly at the good fortune of the man he had once so despised2 but he never knew that it was largely due to the lesson ,amos had learned from the saloon-keeper's overcoat4--,the ,christian at ,work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,consumption ,,cured4 ,an old physician1 retired from practice1 having had placed in his hands by an ,east ,india missionary the formula of a simple vegetable remedy for the speedy and permanent cure of ,consumption1 ,bronchitis1 ,catarrh1 ,asthma and all throat and ,lung ,affections1 also a positive and radical cure for ,nervous ,debility and all ,nervous ,complaints1 after having tested its wonderful curative powers in thousands of cases1 has felt it his duty to make it known to his suffering fellows4 ,actuated by this motive and a desire to relieve human suffering1 ,i will send free of charge1 to all who desire it1 this recipe1 in ,german1 ,french1 or ,english1 with full directions for preparing and using4 ,sent by mail by addressing with stamp1 naming this paper4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,noyes1 #adi ,power's ,block1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,honesty of purpose must not be held as evidence of ability4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,humorous ,,bait ,,of ,,the ,,average ,,fisherman4 ,h4 ,c4 ,,dodge4 ,this is the bait the fishermen take1 the fishermen take1 the fishermen take1 when they start out the fish to wake so early in the morning4 ,they take a nip before they go--a good one1 ah6 and long and slow1 for fear the chills will lay them low so early in the morning4 ,another when they're on the street1 which they repeat each time they meet for luck--for that's the way to greet a fisher in the morning4 ,and when they are on the river's brink again they drink without a wink--to fight ma- laria they think it proper in the morn- ing4 ,they tip a flask with true delight when there's a bite2 if fishing's light they smile the more till jolly tight1 all fishing they are scorning4 ,an- other nip as they depart3 one at the mart and one to part1 but none when in the house they dart1 ex- pecting there'll be mourning4 ,this is the bait the fisher- men try who fishes buy at prices high and tell each one a bigger lie of fish- ing in the morning4 ,whose ,cold ,feet8 ,are you troubled with cold feet on retiring8 asked ,yeast of ,crimsonbeak1 ,saturday night1 as they were returning from market freighted with provender4 ,i should say ,i was6 replied ,crimsonbeak emphatically1 while a regular chills-and-fever shudder was seen to distribute itself over his frame at the recollection which the question recalled4 ,i suppose you would like to learn how to avoid them8 replied the philanthropist1 smiling at the thought of an opportunity to fire off one of his pet theories4 ,i would give almost anything to be fortunate enough to escape them1 said the despairing ,crimsonbeak1 in all truthfulness4 ,well it is easy enough done1 went on his companion2 soak your feet in cold water the first thing when you get up in the morning2 towards night run about three-quarters of a mile1 and then soak your feet again in cold water on retiring4 ,well1 ,i can't see how that is going to keep her feet from troubling me4 ,her cold feet from troubling you6 repeated ,yeast1 a little confused4 ,what do you mean8 ,mean8 ,why1 ,i mean that my wife's cold feet are the ones that chill me with an ,arctic region touch4 ,whose feet did you suppose ,i meant1 my mother-in-law's8 shouted the excited ,crimsonbeak1 darting into his gate and leaving his neighbor to his own reflections4 ,changed ,relations4 ,now that we are engaged1 said ,miss ,pottleworth1 come and let me introduce you to papa4 ,i believe that ,i have met him1 replied young ,spickle4 ,but in another capacity than that of son-in-law4 ,yes--er1 but ,i'd rather not meet him to-night4 ,oh1 you must1 and despite the almost violent struggles of the young fellow1 he was drawn into the library1 where a large1 red-faced man1 with a squint in one eye1 and an enlargement of the nose1 sat looking over a lot of papers4 ,father1 said the girl4 ,hum1 he replied1 without looking up4 ,i wish to present to you-- ,what8 he exclaimed1 looking up and catching sight of young ,spickle4 ,have you the impudence to follow me here8 ,didn't ,i tell you that ,i would see you to-morrow8 ,why1 father1 you don't know ,mr4 ,spickle1 do you8 ,i don't know his name1 but ,i know that he has been to my office three times a day for the past week with a bill4 ,i know him well enough4 ,i can't pay that bill to-night1 young man4 ,come to my office to-morrow4 ,i hope1 said ,spickle1 that you do not think so ill of me4 ,i have not come to collect the bill you have referred to1 but-- ,what8 ,got another one8 ,you persist in misunderstanding me4 ,i did not come to collect a bill1 ,i can come to-morrow and see you about that4 ,to-night ,i proposed to your daughter1 and have been accepted4 ,our mission is to acquaint you with the fact and gain your consent to our marriage4 ,well1 said the old fellow1 is that all8 ,blamed if ,i didn't think you had a bill4 ,take the girl1 if that's what you want1 but say1 didn't ,i tell you to bring the bill to-morrow8 ,yes1 sir4 ,well1 you needn't4 ,our relations are different now4 ,wish ,i had a daughter for every bill collector in town4 ,it ,makes a ,difference4 ,so you have been fighting again on your way home from school6 ,y-yes1 sir4 ,didn't ,i tell you this sort of business had got to stop8 ,yes1 pa1 but-- ,no excuses1 sir6 ,you probably provoked the quarrel6 ,oh1 no6 no6 ,he called me names6 ,names8 ,what of it8 ,when a boy calls you names walk along about your business4 ,take off that coat6 ,but he didn't call me names6 ,oh1 he didn't8 ,take off that vest6 ,when he called me names ,i never looked at him1 but when he pitched into you1 ,i--,i had to fight6 ,what6 ,did he call me names8 ,lots of 'em1 father6 ,he said you lied to your constituents1 and went back on the caucus and had6-- ,william1 put on your coat and vest1 and here's a nickel to buy peanuts6 ,i don't want you to come up a slugger1 and ,i wish you to stand well with your teacher1 but if you can lick the boy who says ,i ever bolted a regular nomination or went back on my end of the ward1 don't be afraid to sail in6--,free ,press4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one of the ,harvard students has fitted up his room at a cost of #d1jjj4 ,we suspect that the young man's room is better than his company4 99 99 99 99 99 ,don't be afraid1 said a snob to a ,german laborer3 sit down and make yourself my equal4 ,i would haff to blow my brains out1 was the reply of the ,teuton4 99 99 99 99 99 ,yes1 said ,mrs4 ,egomoi1 ,i used to think a great deal of ,mrs4 ,goode1 she was always so kind to me2 but then1 ,i've found out that she treats everybody just the same4 99 99 99 99 99 ,jerrold said to an ardent young gentleman1 who burned with a desire to see himself in print3 ,be advised by me1 young man3 don't take down the shutters before there is something in the window4 99 99 99 99 99 ,arthur--,i say1 what do you mean by fighting my hog all the time8 ,bismarck--,i means nodding in de vorld2 ,i vash not fighting dot pig4 ,we vash choost playing mit one anudder4 99 99 99 99 99 ,yes1 said a fashionable lady1 ,i think ,mary has made a very good match4 ,i heard her husband is one of the shrewdest and most unprincipled lawyers in the profession1 and of course he can afford to gratify her every wish4 ,,printer',s ,,ink4 ,little drops of printer's ink1 ,a little type displayed1 ,make our merchant bosses ,and all their big parade4 ,little bits of stinginess1 ,discarding printer's ink1 ,busts the man of business1 ,and sees his credit sink4 99 99 99 99 99 ,jump on the scale1 the butcher said ,unto a miss one day1 ,i'm used to weighing1 and1 said he1 ,i'll tell you what you weigh4 ,ah1 yes1 came quick the sweet reply ,from lips seemed made to kiss1 ,i'm sure1 sir1 that it would not be ,first time you've weighed amiss4 ,the butcher blushed2 he hung his head ,and knew not what to say2 ,he merely wished to weigh the girl-- ,himself was given away4 99 99 99 99 99 ,what did that lady say8 asked ,mr4 ,buyem of his confidential clerk4 ,i'd rather not repeat her words1 sir1 replied the clerk4 ,but ,i must know1 ,mr4 ,blume--must know1 sir4 ,oh6 if you insist upon it1 sir1 ,i suppose ,i must tell you4 ,she said you were all business1 but you lacked culture4 ,so8 exclaimed ,mr4 ,buyem1 in astonishment4 ,lack culture1 eh8 ,look here1 ,mr4 ,blume1 d'ye know you' oughter told me that long ago8 ,let's have some right away before ,scribe ,blowhard can get ahead of us4 ,,out ,,of ,,the ,,depths4 ,our ,correspondent's ,researches and a ,remarkable ,occurrence ,he ,describes4 ,,st4 ,,albans1 ,vt41 ,jan4 #aj1 #ahhd4 ,,messrs4 ,,editors3 ,the upper portion of ,vermont is one of the pleasantest regions in ,america during the summer1 and one of the bleakest during the winter4 ,it affords ample opportunity for the tourist1 providing he chooses the proper season1 but the present time is not that season4 ,still there are men and women here who not only endure the climate1 but praise it unstintingly1 and that1 too1 in the face of physical hardships the most intense4 ,the writer heard of a striking illustration of this a few days since which is given herewith3 ,mr4 ,joseph ,jacques is connected with the ,vermont ,central ,railroad in the capacity of master mason4 ,he is well advanced in years1 with a ruddy complexion and hale appearance1 while his general bearing is such as to instantly impress one with his strict honor and integrity4 ,several years ago he became afflicted with most distressing troubles1 which prevented the prosecution of his duties4 ,he was languid1 and yet restless1 while at times a dizziness would come over him which seemed almost blinding4 ,his will power was strong1 and he determined not to give way to the mysterious influence which seemed undermining his life4 ,but the pain and annoying symptoms were stronger than his will1 and he kept growing gradually worse4 ,about that time he began to notice a difficulty in drawing on his boots1 and it was by the greatest effort that he was able to force his feet into them4 ,in this manner several weeks passed by1 until finally one night1 while in great agony1 he discovered that his feet had in a short while1 swollen to enormous proportions4 ,the balance of the narrative can best be described in his own words4 ,he said3 ,when my wife discovered the fact that ,i was so bloated1 she sent for the doctor immediately4 ,he made a most careful examination and pronounced me in a very serious condition4 ,notwithstanding his care1 ,i grew worse1 and the swelling of my feet gradually extended upward in my body4 ,the top of my head pained me terribly2 indeed1 so badly that at times it seemed almost as if it would burst4 ,my feet were painfully cold1 and even when surrounded with hot flannels and irons felt as if a strong wind were blowing on them4 ,next my right leg became paralyzed4 ,this gave me no pain1 but it was exceedingly annoying4 ,about this time ,i began to spit blood most freely1 although my lungs were in perfect condition1 and ,i knew it did not come from them4 ,my physicians were careful and untiring in their attentions1 but unable to relieve my sufferings4 ,my neighbors and friends thought ,i was dying and many called to see me1 fully twenty-five on a single ,sunday that ,i now recall4 ,at last my agony seemed to culminate in the most intense1 sharp pains ,i have ever known or heard of4 ,if red hot knives sharpened to the highest degree had been run through my body constantly they could not have hurt me worse4 ,i would spring up in bed1 sometimes as much as three feet1 cry out in my agony and long for death4 ,one night the misery was so intense that ,i arose and attempted to go into the next room1 but was unable to lift my swollen feet above the little threshold that obstructed them4 ,i fell back upon the bed and gasped in my agony1 but felt unable even to breathe4 ,it seemed like death4 ,several years ago ,rev4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,rankin1 now of ,washington1 was stationed here as pastor of the ,congregational church4 ,we all admired and respected him1 and my wife remembered seeing somewhere that he had spoken in the highest terms of a preparation which had cured some of his intimate friends4 ,we determined to try this remedy1 accordingly sent for it1 and1 to make a long story short1 it completely restored my health1 brought me back from the grave1 and ,i owe all ,i have in the way of health and strength to ,warner's ,safe ,cure1 better known as ,warner's ,safe ,kidney and ,liver ,cure4 ,i am positive that if ,i had taken this medicine when ,i felt the first symptoms above described1 ,i might have avoided all the agony ,i afterward endured1 to say nothing of the narrow escape ,i had from death4 ,in order that all possible facts bearing upon the subject might be known1 ,i called on ,dr4 ,oscar ,f4 ,fassett1 who was for nineteen years ,united ,states ,examining ,surgeon1 and who attended ,mr4 ,jacques during his sickness4 ,he stated that ,mr4 ,jacques had a most pronounced case of ,albuminuria or ,bright's disease of the kidneys4 ,that an analysis showed the presence of albumen and casts in great abundance and that he was in a condition where few if any ever recover4 ,his recovery was due to ,warner's ,safe ,cure4 ,mr4 ,john ,w4 ,hobart1 ,general ,manager of the ,vermont ,central railroad1 stated that ,mr4 ,jacques was one of the best and most faithful of his employes1 that his sickness had been an exceedingly severe one and the company were not only glad to again have his services1 but grateful to the remedy that had cured so valuable a man4 ,mr4 ,james ,m4 ,foss1 assistant superintendent and master mechanic of the ,vermont ,central railroad1 is also able to confirm this4 ,i do not claim to be a great discoverer1 but ,i do think ,i have found in the above a most remarkable case and knowing the unusual increase of ,bright's disease feel that the public should have the benefit of it4 ,it seems to me a remedy that can accomplish so much in the last stages ought do even more for the first approach of this deceptive yet terrible trouble4 ,f4 ,b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to be ruined your own way is some comfort4 ,when so many people would ruin us1 it is a triumph over the villany of the world to be ruined after one's own pattern4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,one ,,cent invested in a postal card and addressed as below ,,will give to the writer full information as to the best lands in the ,united ,states now for sale2 how he can ,,buy them on the lowest and best terms1 also the full text of the ,u4,s4 land laws and how to secure #cbj ,,acres of ,government ,lands in ,northwestern ,minnesota and ,northeastern ,dakota4 ,,address3 ,,james ,b4 ,,power1 ,land and ,emigration ,commissioner1 ,,st4 ,,paul1 ,,minn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,medical4 ,,disease ,,cured ,without ,medicine4 ,a ,valuable ,discovery for supplying ,magnetism to the ,human ,system4 ,electricity and ,magnetism utilized as never before for ,healing the ,sick4 ,,the ,,magneton ,,appliance ,,co4's ,,magnetic ,,kidney ,,belt6 ,,for ,,men ,,is ,,warranted ,,to ,,cure ,or ,money refunded1 the following diseases without medicine3--,pain in the ,back1 ,hips1 ,head1 or ,limbs1 ,nervous ,debility1 ,lumbago1 ,general ,debility1 ,rheumatism1 ,paralysis1 ,neuralgia1 ,sciatica1 ,diseases of the ,kidneys1 ,spinal ,diseases1 ,torpid ,liver1 ,,gout ,,seminal ,,emissions1 ,,impotency1 ,,asthma1 ,,heart ,,disease1 ,,dyspepsia1 ,,constipation1 ,,erysipelas1 ,,indigestion1 ,,hernia ,,or ,,rupture1 ,,catarrh1 ,,piles1 ,,epilepsy1 ,,dumb ,,ague1 ,,etc4 ,when any debility of the ,,generative ,,organs occurs1 ,,lost ,,vitality1 ,,lack ,,of ,,nerve ,,force ,,and ,,vigor1 ,,wasting ,,weakness1 and all those ,diseases of a personal nature1 from whatever cause1 the continuous stream of ,magnetism permeating through the parts1 must restore them to a healthy action4 ,there is no mistake about this appliance4 ,,to ,,the ,,ladies3--,if you are afflicted with ,,lame ,,back1 ,,weakness ,,of ,,the ,,spine1 ,,falling ,,of ,,the ,,womb1 ,,leucorrhoea1 ,,chronic ,,inflammation ,,and ,,ulceration ,,of ,,the ,,womb1 ,,incidental ,,hemorrhage ,,or ,,flooding1 ,,painful1 ,,suppressed1 ,,and ,,irregular ,,menstruation1 ,,barrenness1 ,,and ,,change ,,of ,,life1 ,,this ,,is ,,the ,,best ,,appliance ,,and ,,curative ,,agent ,,known4 ,for all forms of ,,female ,,difficulties it is unsurpassed by anything before invented1 both as a curative agent and as a source of power and vitalization4 ,price of either ,belt with ,magnetic ,insoles1 #aj1 sent by express ,c4,o4,d41 and examination allowed1 or by mail on receipt of price4 ,in ordering send measure of waist1 and size of shoe4 ,remittance can be made in currency1 sent in letter at our risk4 ,the ,magneton ,garments are adapted to all ages1 are worn over the under-clothing 7,,not ,,next ,,to ,,the ,,body ,,like ,,the ,,many ,,galvanic ,,and ,,electric ,,humbugs ,,advertised ,,so ,,extensively71 and should be taken off at night4 ,they hold their ,,power ,,forever1 and are worn at all seasons of the year4 ,send stamp for the ,new ,departure in ,medical treatment ,,without ,,medicine1 with thousands of testimonials4 ,,the ,,magneton ,,appliance ,,co41 #bah ,,state ,,street4 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,,note4--,send one dollar in postage stamps or currency 7in letter at our risk7 with size of shoe usually worn1 and try a pair of our ,magnetic ,insoles1 and be convinced of the power residing in our other ,magnetic ,appliances4 ,positively no cold feet when they are worn1 or money refunded4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,publications4 ,,marshall ,m4 ,,kirkman',s ,,books ,,on ,,railroad ,,topics4 ,,do ,,you ,,want ,,to ,,become ,a ,,railroad ,,man ,,if ,,you ,,do1 ,,the ,,books ,,described ,,below ,,point ,,the ,,way4 ,the most promising field for men of talent and ambition at the present day is the railroad service4 ,the pay is large in many instances1 while the service is continuous and honorable4 ,most of our railroad men began life on the farm4 ,of this class is the author of the accompanying books descriptive of railway operations1 who has been connected continuously with railroads as a subordinate and officer for #bg years4 ,he was brought up on a farm1 and began railroading as a lad at #g per month4 ,he has written a number of standard books on various topics connected with the organization1 construction1 management and policy of railroads4 ,these books are of interest not only to railroad men but to the general reader as well4 ,they are indispensable to the student4 ,they present every phase of railroad life1 and are written in an easy and simple style that both interests and instructs4 ,the books are as follows3 ,,railway ,,expenditures--,,their ,,extent1 ,,object ,,and ,,economy4--,a ,practical ,treatise on ,construction and ,operation4 ,in ,two ,volumes1 #hej pages4 #d4jj ,,hand ,,book ,,of ,,railway ,,expenditures4--,practical ,directions for ,keeping the ,expenditure ,accounts4 #b4jj ,,railway ,,revenue ,,and ,,its ,,collection4--,and ,explaining the ,organization of ,railroads4 #b4ej ,,the ,,baggage ,,parcel ,,and ,,mail ,,traffic ,,of ,,railroads4--,an interesting work on this important service2 #dbe pages4 #b4jj ,,train ,,and ,,station ,,service--,giving ,the ,principal ,rules and ,regulations governing ,trains2 #bhj pages4 #b4jj ,,the ,,track ,,accounts ,,of ,,railroads4--,and how they should be kept4 ,pamphlet4 #a4jj ,,the ,,freight ,,traffic ,,way-,,bill4--,its ,uses ,illustrated and ,described4 ,pamphlet4 4#ej ,,mutual ,,guarantee4--,a ,treatise on ,mutual ,suretyship4 ,pamphlet4 4#ej ,any of the above books will be sent post paid on receipt of price1 by ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,co41 #aej ,monroe ,st4 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,money should be remitted by express1 or by draft check or post office order4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,map ,of the ,united ,states and ,canada1 ,printed in ,colors1 size #db-a_/b feet1 also a copy of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer for one year4 ,sent to any address for #b4jj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,general ,,news4 ,florida farmers are now planting ,irish potatoes4 ,the ,st4 ,charles ,hotel1 ,paducah1 ,ky41 was burned ,sunday night4 ,another relief party for the ,greeley arctic expedition is to be sent out4 ,wm4 ,h4 ,guion1 of the ,steamship firm of ,williams has failed for #b1jjj1jjj4 ,music ,hall1 in ,whitechapel1 ,london1 burned on ,monday2 loss #bjj1jjj4 ,ice has prevented the ferry boats from crossing the ,st4 ,clair river at ,port ,huron4 ,the prohibitionists declare that they will place a presidential ticket in the field next fall4 ,lowell manufacturers have given employes notice that there will be a reduction of ten per cent in wages beginning ,feb4 #a4 ,an elevated road1 adapted both to passengers and freight1 is to be constructed along the levee at ,new ,orleans within two years4 ,there was a railway wreck1 caused by a broken rail1 on the ,wabash road near ,macon1 ,mo41 on ,monday2 several persons were injured4 ,it is estimated that the ,united ,states ,senate is the wealthiest deliberative body in the world1 the seventy-six members of that body representing #ahj1jjj1jjj4 ,a rumor is in circulation at ,ottawa1 ,canada1 that the ,canadian ,pacific road has asked the government for additional assistance to the amount of #ad1jjj1jjj4 ,a colored base-ball club of professionals has been formed at ,chicago1 and will be ready to take the road ,may #a4 ,they are backed by a stock company4 ,it is claimed that there is at the present time between #ajj and #aej foreign vessels engaged in the oyster traffic on the ,virginia coast without right or authority4 ,the people of ,ouray1 ,col41 lynched ,mike ,cuddigan and wife ,saturday1 on suspicion of having murdered a child whom they took from a ,catholic asylum at ,denver4 ,it is said that the buffaloes have come north of the ,missouri river1 in ,montana1 and the ,indians killed eleven hundred in one day not far from the mouth of the ,musselshell4 ,the horror of the week was the wrecking of the steamer ,city of ,columbus off ,martha's ,vineyard1 ,january #aith4 ,there were #abi persons on board of whom ninety-seven were lost4 ,a seal was discovered in the track of the steamer ,armstrong1 at ,morristown1 ,n4 ,y41 on the ,st4 ,lawrence river4 ,this was the third or fourth seal seen in that vicinity in the last half-dozen years4 ,the candle factory of ,e4 ,l4 ,schneider ,co41 located on the corner of ,wallace and ,mc,gregor streets1 ,chicago1 was ,sunday swept away by fire4 ,the loss is #aej1jjj1 and the insurance #eg1jjj4 ,the friends of ,mr4 ,hintz1 the unsuccessful candidate for postmaster at ,elgin1 ,illinois1 threaten to defeat the re-election of ,representative ,ellwood in the next campaign1 who is held responsible for his defeat4 ,two ,irish members of the ,british ,parliament1 ,matthew ,arnold and ,p4 ,j4 ,sheridan1--the latter supposed to be the mysterious ,no4 #a of the ,phoenix ,park assassination scheme--are in ,chicago the present week4 ,mrs4 ,dukes1 a sister of the murdered ,zura ,burns1 has left her home in ,dakota1 in company with her father1 to give what she claims is damaging evidence against ,o4 ,a4 ,carpenter1 before the grand jury at ,lincoln1 ,ill4 ,the matter of the final disposition of the assets of the estate of ,b4 ,f4 ,allen is being heard by a register at ,des ,moines4 ,a firm which has purchased a large share of the claims at #e per cent offers #ccj1jjj for the property remaining1 but other creditors hold out for #djj1jjj4 ,judge ,shepard1 in the ,superior ,court of ,chicago1 ,saturday1 dismissed three bills for divorce1 holding that when a wife separated from her husband her residence as well as her domicile follows his1 and that the ,illinois statutes excludes from its courts all suits for divorce in behalf of persons not legal residents4 ,the ,onondaga 7,new ,york7 ,indians have held another council1 at which it was shown that a majority of the nation is opposed to dividing the lands in severally1 but is willing to agree to a division of such timber lands as can not be protected against depredations4 ,the ,christian party is to be represented at the next conference with the ,state commissioners4 ,nearly one-fourth of the business portion of ,leipsic1 ,o41 was burned ,friday night1 and flames swept away #a1ade bales of cotton at ,murrell's ,point1 ,la41 and twenty-one buildings at ,lowell1 ,mich4 ,a boiler explosion at ,cincinnati1 in the ,corrugating company's manufactory1 ,saturday1 led to the destruction of #ej1jjj in property4 ,illustration ,,markets4 ,,financial ,,and ,,commercial4 ,,office ,,of ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer4 ,,chicago4 ,jan #bb1 #ahhd4 ,papers devoted to finance and trade inform us that the number of business failures in #ahhc was #i1ahd against #h1ghb in the hard times of #ahgg4 ,the fear is1 that the worst is not yet come1 but this feeling happily is not by any means universal among most far seeing business men4 ,the transactions at the ,chicago banks were a trifle slower than last week4 ,the regular loan market was quotable on ,monday at #fg per cent4 ,eastern exchange was firm at #fj;c per #a1jjj4 ,the stock markets at the ,east were a little feverish and here the same feeling was noticeable4 ,there are rumors of financial embarrassment in high places1 and ,mr4 ,gould himself is said to be a little nervous over the weakness in many of his stocks4 ,government securities are as follows3 #d's coupon1 #aijg ,q4 ,apr4 #abc-a_/d #d's reg41 #aijg ,q4 ,apr4 #abc-a_/d #d-a_/b's coupon1 #ahia ,q4 ,mar4 #aad-a_/h #d-a_/b's registered1 #ahia ,q4 ,mar4 #aad-a_/h #c's registered ,q4 ,mar4 #ajj ,,grain ,,and ,,provisions4 ,the receipts of flour at this point for the forty-eight hours ending ,monday morning were greatly in excess of those for the corresponding week last year4 ,in wheat last year the receipts were #bh1jjg bushels2 this year #ej1ecb4 ,corn last year #ahi1ffa2 this year #bbf1iij4 ,flour was unchanged1 the article not yet feeling the uncertain condition of the wheat market4 ,choice to favorite white winters #e #bee #ej ,fair to good brands of white winters #d #gee #jj ,good to choice red winters #e #bee #ej ,prime to choice springs #d #gee #jj ,good to choice export stock1 in sacks1 extras #d #bed #ej ,good to choice export stock1 double extras #d #ejd #fe ,fair to good ,minnesota springs #d #ejd #ge ,choice to fancy ,minnesota springs #e #bee #ge ,patent springs #f #jjf #ej ,low grades #b #bec #ej ,,wheat4--,red winter1 ,no4 #c1 #ib2 car lots of spring1 ,no4 #b1 sold at #hh-c_/d;c2 ,no4 #c1 do4 #hahd4 ,,corn4--,moderately active4 ,car lots ,no #b1 #eaeb;c2 rejected1 #dcdd2 new mixed1 #dhej-a_/b;c4 ,,oats4--,no4 #b in store1 closed #cb-a_/bcb-c_/d4 ,,rye4--,may1 in store #egeg-a_/b4 ,,barley4--,no4 #b1 #di in store2 ,no4 #c1 f4 o4 b4 #eb-a_/b;c4 ,,flax4--,closed at #a #eb on track4 ,,timothy4--#a #ca-a_/ba #ce per bushel4 ,little doing4 ,,clover4--,quiet at #f #jef #aj for prime4 ,,provisions4--,mess pork1 ,february1 #ad #gead #gh per bbl2 ,green hams1 #aj-a_/b;c per lb4 ,short ribs1 #g #fe per cwt4 ,,lard4--,february1 #h #fe4 ,,lumber4 ,lumber unchanged4 ,quotations for green are as follows3 ,short dimension1 per ,m #i #ejaj #jj ,long dimension1 per ,m #aj #jjaa #ej ,boards and strips1 ,no4 #b #aa #jjac #jj ,boards and strips1 medium #ac #jjaf #jj ,boards and strips1 ,no4 #a choice #af #jjbj #jj ,shingles1 standard #b #aj #b #bj ,shingles1 choice #b #be #b #cj ,shingles1 extra #b #dj #b #fj ,lath #a #fe #a #gj ,,country ,,produce4 ,,note4--,the quotations for the articles named in the following list are generally for commission lots of goods and from first hands4 ,while our prices are based as near as may be on the landing or wholesale rates1 allowance must be made for selections and the sorting up for store distribution4 ,,bran4--,quoted at #aeab #be per ton2 ,,beans4--,hand picked mediums #b #jjb #aj4 ,hand picked navies1 #b #aeb #bj4 ,,butter4--,dull and without change4 ,choice to extra creamery1 #cccf;c per lb42 fair to good do #becb;c2 fair to choice dairy1 #bcbh;c2 common to choice packing stock fresh and sweet1 #ahbb;c2 ladle packed #ajac;c2 fresh made1 streaked butter1 #iaa;c4 ,,broom-,,corn4--,good to choice hurl #f-a_/bg-a_/b;c per lb2 green self-working #ef;c2 red-tipped and pale do #de;c2 inside and covers #cd;c2 common short corn #b-a_/bc-a_/b;c2 crooked1 and damaged1 #bd;c1 according to quality4 ,,cheese4--,choice full-cream cheddars #acac-a_/b;c per lb2 medium quality do #iaj;c2 good to prime full cream flats #acac-c_/d;c2 skimmed cheddars #iaj;c2 good skimmed flats #gi;c2 hard-skimmed and common stock #cd;c4 ,,eggs4--,in a small way the best brands are quotable at #bgbh;c per dozen2 #bjbc;c for good ice house stock2 #aeah;c per pickled4 ,,hay4--,no #a timothy #ii #ej per ton2 ,no #b do #h #jjh #ej2 mixed do #gh2 upland prairie #h #jjaj #ge2 ,no #a prairie #fg2 ,no #b do #d #eje #ej4 ,small bales sell at #beej;c per ton more than large bales4 ,,hides ,,and ,,pelts4--,green-cured light hides #h-a_/d;c per lb2 do heavy cows #h;c2 ,no #b damaged green-salted hides #f;c2 green-salted calf #abab-a_/b cents2 green-salted bull #f;c2 dry-salted hides #aa cents2 ,no4 #b two-thirds price2 ,no4 #a dry flint #adad-a_/b;c4 ,sheep pelts salable at #bhcb;c for the estimated amount of wash wool on each pelt4 ,all branded and scratched hides are discounted #ae per cent from the price of ,no4 #a4 ,,hops4--,prime to choice ,new ,york ,state hops #bebf;c per lb2 ,pacific coast of #bcbf;c3 fair to good ,wisconsin #aebj;c4 ,,poultry4--,prices for good to choice dry picked and unfrozen lots are3 ,turkeys #acad;c per lb2 chickens #iaj;c2 ducks #abac;c2 geese #iaa;c4 ,thin1 undesirable1 and frozen stock #bc;c per lb less than these figures2 live offerings nominal4 ,,potatoes4--,good to choice #cjcc;c per bu4 on track2 common to fair #cjce;c4 ,illinois sweet potatoes range at #c #ejd per bbl for yellow4 ,,tallow ,,and ,,grease4--,no #a country tallow #gg-a_/d;c per lb2 ,no #b do #f-a_/df-a_/b;c4 ,prime white grease #ff-a_/b;c2 yellow #e-a_/de-c_/d;c2 brown #d-a_/be4 ,,vegetables4--,cabbage1 #hab per #ajj2 celery1 #bece;c per doz bunches2 onions1 #a #jja #be per bbl for yellow1 and #a for red2 turnips1 #a #cea #ej per bbl for rutabagas1 and #a #jj for white flat4 ,,wool4--from store range as follows for bright wools from ,wisconsin1 ,illinois1 ,michigan1 ,indiana1 and ,eastern ,iowa--dark ,western lots generally ranging at #ab;c per lb4 less4 ,coarse and dingy tub #becj ,good medium tub #cacd ,unwashed bucks' fleeces #adae ,fine unwashed heavy fleeces #ahbb ,fine light unwashed heavy fleeces #bbbc ,coarse unwashed fleeces #babb ,low medium unwashed fleeces #bdbe ,fine medium unwashed fleeces #bfbg ,fine washed fleeces #cbcc ,coarse washed fleeces #bfbh ,low medium washed fleeces #cjcb ,fine medium washed fleeces #cdce ,colorado and ,territory wools range as follows3 ,lowest grades #adaf ,low medium #ahbb ,medium #bbbf ,fine #afbd ,wools from ,new ,mexico3 ,lowest grades #adaf ,part improved #afag ,best ,improved #aibc ,burry from #b;c to #aj;c off2 black #b;c to #e;c off4 ,,live ,,stock ,,markets4 ,the total receipts and shipments for last week were as follows3 ,received4 ,shipped4 ,cattle #db1aaj #ah1ihf ,calves #ebg #cdf ,hogs #adj1had #cd1afa ,sheep #bd1fjj #aa1hae ,,cattle4--,very few choice lots are coming in4 ,receipts have fallen off some #c1jjj head4 ,of those that arrive the unripe predominate4 ,some of our feeders are undoubtedly inclined to market too young4 ,some cattle by experienced breeders and feeders may be ripened at two years1 but in the majority of cases1 especially with anything else than high grade short-horns1 this can not be done4 ,there is more money in holding common stock a few months longer4 ,the feeling on ,monday was very firm1 and prices advanced considerably4 ,good heavy cattle brought as high as #f #fe1 though the majority sold at less4 ,six steers averaging #a1ebc lbs brought #g4 ,cattle for shippers and canners went at #d #fee2 bulls #b #ejd2 cows #b #bed #ge2 stockers and feeders scarce at #c #djd #de with some of the latter at #d #eje4 ,,hogs4--,the hogs now arriving are light and the number is not large4 ,since ,november #ast1 ,chicago packers have put up #cbe1jjj less hogs than for the corresponding period last year1 and the total packing of the country has fallen off #bhe1jjj head4 ,our packing houses are now running to about one half their capacity4 ,prices are firm4 ,common to fair stock #e #bee #ge2 good to choice heavy #e #hjf #cj2 skips and culls #d #bee #ae4 ,note4--,all sales of hogs are made subject to a shrinkage of #dj lbs for piggy sows and #hj lbs for stags4 ,dead hogs sell for #a-a_/b;c per lb for weights of #bjj and over and ,transcriber's ,note3 blank in original for weights of less than #ajj lbs4 ,,sheep4--,arrivals are large4 ,several carloads from ,texas came in on ,monday4 ,common to good #c #cjd #hg-a_/b2 fancy head #e #ge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,commission ,,merchants4 ,j4,h4 ,,white ,,co41 ,,produce ,,commission #ajf ,s4 ,water ,st41 ,chicago4 ,refers to this paper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,illustration ,,your ,,name printed on #ej ,cards ,,all ,,new designs of ,gold ,floral4 ,remembrances1 ,sentiment1 ,hand ,floral1 etc41 with ,love1 ,friendship1 and ,holiday ,mottoes1 #aj;c4 #g pks4 and this elegant ,ring1 #ej;c41 #ae pks4 ,ring1 #a4 ,illustration #ab ,,new ,,concealed ,,name ,cards 7name concealed with hand holding flowers with mottoes7 #bj;c4 #g pks4 and this ,ring for #a4 ,agents' sample book and full outfit1 #be;c4 ,over #bjj new ,cards added this season4 ,blank ,cards at wholesale prices4 ,,northford ,,card ,,co4 ,northford1 ,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,first-,class ,plants ,,of ,,best ,,varieties ,,of ,,small ,,fruits4 ,catalogues free4 ,address ,o4 ,b4 ,,galusha1 ,peoria1 ,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,print ,your ,own ,cards ,labels1 ,envelopes1 etc4 with our #c ,,printing ,,press4 ,larger sizes for circulars1 etc41 #h to #ge4 ,for pleasure1 money making1 young or old4 ,everything easy1 printed instructions4 ,send #b stamps for ,catalogue of ,presses1 ,type1 ,cards1 etc41 to the factory4 ,,kelsey ,,co41 ,,meriden1 ,,conn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,sale4 ,pure bred ,bronze ,turkeys and ,pekin ,ducks4 ,also eggs in ,season4 ,,mrs4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,fulton1 ,petersburg4 ,ills4 99 99 99 99 99 #ajjj ,every #ajj ,days ,positively sure to ,agents everywhere selling our ,new ,,silver ,,mould ,,white ,,wire ,,clothes-,,line4 ,warranted4 ,pleases at sight4 ,cheap4 ,sells readily at every house4 ,agents clearing #aj per day4 ,farmers make #ijj to #abjj during ,winter4 ,handsome samples free4 ,address1 ,,girard ,,wire ,,mills1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,agents ,,wanted1 ,male and ,female1 for ,spence's ,blue ,book1 a most fascinating and salable novelty4 ,every family needs from one to a dozen4 ,immense profits and exclusive territory4 ,sample mailed for #be cts in postage stamps4 ,address ,j4,h4 ,,clarson1 ,p4,o4 ,box #bbif1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 99 99 99 99 99 #ejj ,,virginia ,,farms ,,mills ,,for ,,sale ,,and ,,exchange4 -- ,write for free ,,real ,,estate ,,journal4 ,r4,b4 ,,chaffin ,,co41 ,richmond1 ,virginia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,marlboro ,,red ,,raspberry ,send to the originators for history and terms4 ,a4 ,s4 ,caywood ,son1 ,marlboro1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,cards #dj ,,satin ,,finish ,,cards1 ,new ,imported designs1 name on and ,present ,free for #aj;c4 ,cut this out4 ,,clinton ,,bros4 ,co41 ,clintonville1 ,ct4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pig ,,extricator ,to aid animals in giving birth4 ,send for free circular to ,,wm4 ,,dulin1 ,avoca1 ,pottawattamie ,co41 ,ia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,educational4 ,,mt4 ,,carroll ,,seminary ,and ,musical ,conservatory1 ,carroll ,co41 ,ill41 ,never had an agent to beg funds or pupils4 ,the ,,pecuniary ,,aid ,,system is original1 and helps many worthy girls1 without means1 to an education4 ,oreads free4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,special ,,offer4 #fg ,,for #ah6 ,illustration ,a ,superb ,new ,family ,sewing ,machine6 ,combining all the most recent improvements1 and now selling for #fe1 is offered by ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,publishing ,,company to subscribers to ,,the ,,prairie ,,farmer ,,for #ah1 including one year's subscription to the paper4 ,this exceptional offer will remain open for a few days only4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sewing ,,silk4 ,,corticelli ,,sewing ,,silk1 ,illustration ,,ladies1 ,,try ,,it6 ,,the ,,best ,,sewing ,,silk ,,made4 ,,every ,,spool ,,warranted4 ,,full ,,length1 ,,smooth ,,and ,,strong4 ,ask your storekeeper for ,,corticelli ,silk4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,facts ,,about ,arkansas and ,texas4 ,a handsome book1 beautifully illustrated1 with colored diagrams1 giving reliable information as to crops1 population1 religious denominations1 commerce1 timber1 ,railroads1 lands1 etc41 etc4 ,sent free to any address on receipt of a #b-;cent stamp4 ,address ,h4,c4 ,,townsend1 ,,gen4 ,,passenger ,,agt41 ,,st4 ,,louis1 ,,mo4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,cooley ,creamer ,illustration ,saves in labor its entire cost every season4 ,it will produce enough more money from the milk to ,pay for itself every #ij days over and above any other method you can employ4 ,don't buy infringing cans from irresponsible dealers4 ,by decision of the ,u4 ,s4 ,court the ,cooley is the only ,creamer or ,milk ,can which can be used water sealed or submerged without infringement4 ,send for circular to ,,john ,,boyd1 ,manufacturer1 #aii ,,lake ,,st41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,gold ,watch ,free4 ,the publishers of the ,capitol ,city ,home ,guest1 the well-known ,illustrated ,literary and ,family ,magazine1 make the following liberal ,offer for the ,new ,year3 ,the person telling us the longest verse in the ,bible1 before ,march #ast1 will receive a ,,solid ,,gold1 ,,lady',s ,,hunting ,,cased ,,swiss ,,watch1 worth #ej4 ,if there be more than one correct answer1 the second will receive an elegant ,,stem-,,winding ,,gentleman',s ,,watch3 the third a key-winding ,,english ,,watch4 ,each person must send #be cts4 with their answer1 for which they will receive three months subscription to the ,home ,guest1 a #ej page ,illustrated ,,new ,,year ,,book1 ,a ,,case ,,of #be ,,articles that the ladies will appreciate1 and paper containing names of winners4 ,address ,pubs4 of ,,home ,,guest1 ,,hartford1 ,,conn 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,we will send you a watch or a chain ,,by ,,mail ,,or ,,express1 ,c4,o4,d41 to be examined before paying any money and if not satisfactory1 returned at our expense4 ,we manufacture all our watches and save you #cj per cent4 ,catalogue of #bej styles free4 ,,every ,,watch ,,warranted4 ,,address ,,standard ,,american ,,watch ,,co41 ,,pittsburgh4 ,,pa4