,libr>ies7 ,b>b>a ,we9/ock ,lectures on ,! ,morals ( ,trade ,,is ,,civilization ,a ,,disease8 ,by ,,/anton ,,coit4 ,,social ,,ju/ice ,,)\t ,,socialism4 ,by ,,john ,,bates ,,cl>k4 ,,! ,,conflict ,,betwe5 ,,private ,,monopoly ,,& ,,good ,,citiz5%ip4 ,by ,,john ,,graham ,,brooks4 ,,comm]cialism ,,& ,,j\rnalism4 ,by ,,hamilton ,,holt4 ,,! ,,bus9ess ,,c>e] ,,9 ,,its ,,public ,,relations4 ,by ,,alb]t ,,%aw4 ,,is ,,civilization ,a ,,disease8 ,by ,,/anton ,,coit ,,bo/on ,,& ,,new ,,york ,,h\ghton ,,miffl9 ,,company ,! ,riv]side ,press ,cambridge #aiag ,,copyright1 #aiag1 ,,by ,,! ,,reg5ts ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$ ,publi%$ ,may #aiag ,,b>b>a ,,we9/ock ,,lectures ,,on ,,! ,,morals ,,( ,,trade ,?is s]ies w conta9 essays by repres5tative s*ol>s & m5 ( affairs deal+ ) ! v>i\s phases ( ! moral law 9 its be>+ on bus9ess life "u ! new economic ord]1 fir/ deliv]$ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia on ! ,we9/ock f\ndation4 ,,is ,,civilization ,a ,,disease8 ,i4 ,,trade ,,typical ,,( ,,civilization ,9 *oos+ ,! ,morals ( ,trade z ! g5]al title ( ! ,we9/ock ,lecture%ip1 ,i am in=m$ t its f\nd] meant ! ^w ,trade to be und]/ood 9 its compreh5sive s5se1 z comm5surate ) our :ole sy/em ( socializ$ weal?--at lea/1 ^u ! pres5t occasion ,i %all int]pret x 9 ?is broad way4 ,i %all fur!rmore ask y to consid] our sy/em ( socializ$ weal?--its practice & pr9ciples--9 relation to ! :ole ( t va/ artificial /ructure ( human life :i* is labell$ ,civilization1 & :i* began to prevail "s t5 ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,su* a compreh5sive sweep ( vision is1 9 my judgm5t1 necess>y if we are to view trade 9 true human p]spective2 nor c we e/imate ! degree ( praise or blame we ought to conf] ^u x until we h det]m9$ ! wor? ( civilization itself4 ,= trade is n only b\nd up inextricably ) ! :ole ( our social ord]1 b1 z x seems to me1 manife/s 9 a mo/ acute =m ! univ]sal "* ( civilization 9 g5]al4 ,we mu/ !re=e discov] ! /ructural pr9ciple :i* began to co-ord9ate ! lives ( any gr\p ( human be+s :5 _! tribe f9ally pass$ out ( b>b>ism4 ,hav+ discov]$ ?is1 we %all be able to judge :e!r by its ev]-advanc+ application to ! life ( m51 & its ev]-increas+ dom9ation ov] _! wills1 x has fur!r$ ! cause ( ideal humanity or n4 ,if we f9d t x has be5 ess5tially humane1 we %all h arriv$ at ! conclusion t its (fspr+1 trade1 is moral4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we une>? 9 ! v pr9ciple ( hi/oric civilization some?+ radically wrong1 anti-human & inhuman1 & if we c discov] ano!r co-ord9at+ pr9ciple :i* is humane & feasible1 civilization w !n be se5 to be a ?+ to be sup]s$$--z ,nietzs*e ?\ght man himself 0--& trade1 its late/ & lu/ie/ issue1 w be felt to be a usurp] des]v+ to be dis9h]it$ 9 favor ( "s true economic *ild ( ! ,holy ,_s ( ,man4 ,,ii4 ,,is ,,civilization ,,j8 ,9 ord] to op5 su* l9es ( an?ropological inve/igation & e?ical reflection1 ,i h rais$ ! "q3 ,is ,civilization a ,disease8 ,_h ,i ask$1 ,is ,civilization ,*ri/ian8 ,i %\ld h defeat$ my own end4 ,y w\ld h answ]$ ,no z soon z y saw ! subject ( my disc\rse ann\nc$1 & w\ld h /ay$ at home4 ,b y might /ill h giv5 y\r e?ical sanction to trade4 ,y might h said1 ,x does n pret5d to be ,*ri/ian2 b t is no?+ aga9/ x1 = ! vital pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ianity is s5tim5tal & impracticable3 & :at won't "w c't be "r4 ,_h ,i rais$ ! "q 9 ! =m1 ,c\ld trade ev] h emanat$ f an intellig5t motive ( univ]sal love--( def]5ce = ! humanity 9 e man8 y w\ld h repli$1 ,nev]6 ,b y might h consol$ y\rself ) ! ?\ght t x is only a small "p ( our boa/$ civilization4 ,we h art & education & family life & monogamy & religion2 & ^! come 9 z correctives1 s t trade1 al?\gh n conceiv$ ( b5evol5ce & n be>+ ! /amp ( humanity 9 its "*1 is comp>atively h>mless "u ! re/ra9ts laid ^u x4 ,!n1 too1 ! idea ( univ]sal love savors ( !ology1 & w\ld h put my lecture "u t g5]al ban :i* 9 philosophical circles has be5 set up aga9/ !ological e?ics4 ,inde$1 ,i ev5 %rank f ask+1 ,is civilization une?ical1 or wrong1 or bad8 ,= n[adays we f9d moral judgm5ts m attractive :5 !y are disguis$ or at lea/ slightly veil$4 ,:5 we are really curi\s to "k :at is good1 we become %y2 we are n sure t our neighbors may n put a cynical int]pretation ^u any appe>ance ( en?usiasm 9 our ef=t to f9d out :at is "r4 ,anticipat+ su* delicacy 9 my prospective audi5ce ( to-night1 ,i ?rew a physiological drap]y1 n to say pa?ological1 ov] ! e?ical b>5ess ( my !me1 by introduc+ into x ! idea ( disease4 ,= :ile x may no long] be a /igma to be un-,*ri/ian1 & :ile "s h be5 try+ to break all ! traditional tables ( moral values & prev5t any new ones f be+ inscrib$1 nobody1 s f> z ,i h be5 able to le>n1 has d5i$ t disease1 :e!r physical or only m5tal1 is an evil & a ?+ :i* x w\ld be wick$ to spread = ! m]e delight 9 spread+ x4 ,happily1 !re is /ill a/ir ?r\gh\t ! community an active1 virile1 & una%am$ desire--& n only among wom5--= heal?4 ,& 9 al]tness & res\rcefulness x is second only to ! desire = weal? itself4 ,! result is1 t if any?+ :i* we h admir$ & be5 pr\d ( has be5 discov]$ by exp]ts to be ( ! nature ( disease1 we want to be notifi$1 s t we may rev]se our s5tim5ts t[>ds x1 & if possible de/roy x4 ,! ^w disease is /ill pla9ly "o ( reproa*4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! v t]m civilization sets emotions vibrat+ ( def]5ce & awe t[>ds ! in/itution x signifies4 ,inde$1 pride 9 be+ civiliz$ is /ill s ne>ly univ]sal--especially among ,am]icans--t _m p]sons ^u he>+ ! po9t moot$ :e!r civilization be a disease or n1 are dispos$ to res5t ! b>e sugge/ion z smack+ ( :imsicality4 ,,iii4 ,a ,,metaphorical ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,^w ,,disease ,i1 !re=e1 ha/5 to hide myself ?us e>ly 9 my disc\rse beh9d ! man1 bigg] ?an ,i1 :o _m ye>s ago fir/ ar\s$ ?is "q 9 my m9d1 a "q :i*1 hav+ once fa/5$ itself ^u ! s\l1 may all[ "o no re/ & may prev5t "o f ev] aga9 go+ on gayly ?r\gh life s++ ) ,br[n+'s ,pippa3-- ,god's 9 ,8 ,heav5-- ,all's "r ) ! _w4 ,x is n[ tw5ty-six ye>s s9ce ,i fir/ read ,mr4 ,edw>d ,c>p5t]'s p5etrat+ essay1 !n b rec5tly publi%$1 entitl$ ,civilization3 ,its ,cause & ,cure4 ,! v "n ( ! book made "o ask3 ,is civilization !n a disease8 ,& if "o deign$1 z ,i did1 to read ! essay c>efully1 "o f\nd ! au?or def5d+ ! affirmative 9 all s]i\sness & ) mu* ?or\ghness1 & display+ acute analytical p[] ?r\gh\t 8 argum5t4 ,! *>ge ( :imsicality c\ld n hold aga9/ him4 ,! au?or %[$ an adequate insight into ! social /ructure :i* is call$ civilization4 ,:at 0 equally ess5tial1 8 k ( ! late/ speculations z to ! nature ( disease1--!ories :i* h n yet be5 sup]s$$ & :i* :5 appli$ by ,sir ,almro? ,wright prov$ to be mo/ fruitful work+ hypo!ses1--,c>p5t]'s k ( ^! 0 compreh5sive & discrim9at+4 ,he accord+ly nev] press$ ! analogy betwe5 civilization & disease unduly--he knew t x c\ld n be made to fit all p>ticul>s4 ,& he nev] fell into any confusion ( ?\ght2 he easily avoid$ be+ caught 9 8 own metaphor4 ,he employ$ x only )9 limits & only :5 x r5d]$ ! moral issue m concrete & vivid4 ,because he _h a sci5tific k bo? ( civilization & ( disease1 he c\ld safely use language :i* appeal$ to ! moral emotions z an aid to our moral judgm5t4 ,inde$1 ,mr4 ,c>p5t] %[$ himself n only sci5tific 9 8 e?ics1 b :at is mu* r>] 9 ^! days1 e?ical 9 8 sci5ce4 ,= x is que/ionable :e!r "o c ev] arrive at any moral judgm5t except !re be a deep & /rong emotional accompanim5t to "o's rational inve/igation4 ,if we d n take sides ) humanity at ! outset1 if we elim9ate all pref]5ce = c]ta9 k9ds ( conduct & goals ( pursuit :i* grew up 9 ! human m9d be=e we began our sci5tific criticism ( morals1 h[ %all we ev] get back aga9 into ! sph]e ( di/9ctively e?ical judgm5t8 ,= in/ance1 h[ c\ld we /rike out f ! field ( obs]vation ! some?+ :i* we c\nt ! moral factor 9 life1 & !n proce$ to inve/igate ! morals ( trade8 ,evid5tly we mu/ 9 e e?ical enquiry />t by tak+ sides ) t tr5d ( ! ,race-,w 9 u1 :i* moves pla9ly t[>ds an ev]-increas+ self-k1 self-rev]5ce & self-control on ! "p ( man4 ,= x is ?is race-w 9 u :]eby we h ! capacity & int]e/ to call any l9e ( conduct or any disposition ( ! m9d good or bad1 "r or wrong4 ,,iv4 ,,outl9e ,,( ,,my ,,argum5t ,nor d ,i simply mean t we mu/ %[ loyalty to life z oppos$ to dea?1 or to heal? z aga9/ disease4 ,x is m ?an t4 ,! lifew>d ef=t ( "s be+s cla%es ) ! correspond+ attempt to live on ! "p ( o!rs1 & ! actualization ( "o imp]sonal ideal ( beauty1 tru?1 or society exacts ! sacrifice ( "o set ( human lives & favors ! survival ( ano!r1 s t an opposition 9 ideals may mean an antagonism 9 ! /ruggle ( classes & masses ( m5 = exi/5ce4 ,!re is a combat1 & we are call$ ^u to *oose :i* side to enc\rage & support4 ,"o & ! same /ate ( ?+s (t5 spells disease & dea? to ! "o p>ty & life & heal? to ! o!r4 ,i %all be able on ?is acc\nt to %[ t :e!r civilization appe>s to u z a disease or n dep5ds ^u :at sort ( a p]son we are1 & to :i* side we are con/itutionally dispos$ to atta* ourselves4 ,to %[ ?is1 ,i w fir/ draw an analogy on ! biological plane & !n ,i w cite ! judgm5t ( great humani/s :o h sid$ aga9/ civilization4 ,aft] t1 ,i w submit in/ances 9 civilization itself = y\r own judgm5t4 ,only !n %all ,i return to ,edw>d ,c>p5t]1 to give a rsum ( 8 position1 & to po9t out h[ f> & :y ,i agree ) him1 & at :at /age ,i "p company ) him & = :at reasons4 ,!n ,i %all attempt to pres5t a bird's-eye view ( ! /eps 9 human advancem5t t[>ds civilization z ! be/ an?ropologi/s h trac$ !m4 ,?us1 we %all be able to see our hi/oric social ord] 9 "r relation to t ideal humanity :i* our own spiritual con/itution projects prophetically above ! ?re%old ( our consci\sness4 ,!n1 if ev]1 we %all be 9 a /ate ( m9d to judge :e!r ! ?+ :i* civilization has begott5 aft] its own k9d & nam$ trade is good or bad4 ,v4 ,,man ,,v]sus ,,civilization ,n[ to my biological analogy3 ,x 0 rec5tly my privilege to be conduct$ ov] ! ,rockefell] ,in/itute = ,m$ical ,rese>* 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,y w rememb] t to x "s millions ( doll>s h be5 assign$1 = ! purpose ( discov]+ ! cause & cure ( bact]ial diseases4 ,9 "o dep>tm5t ( ! ,in/itute a ,japanese pr(essor %[$ "u ! rays ( ! ultra-microscope specim5s ( a rem>kable bacillus1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* he _h be5 ! fir/ to detect4 ,x 0 t k9d ( bacillus :i*1 if x is pres5t 9 ! m>r[ ( a man's sp9al cord1 induces a /ate ( ! body t is call$ locomotor-ataxy4 ,?is /ate is "o 9 :i* ! man :o manife/s x is unable to control prop]ly ! movem5ts ( 8 feet & legs4 ,he has lo/ comm& f ! supreme c]ebral c5tre2 ! l[] n]ve ganglia seem to h become insubord9ate & to act on _! own initiative4 ,b is locomotor-ataxy a disease8 ,cle>ly y\r answ] w dep5d ^u :e!r y are on ! side ( ! man or ! microbe4 ,if y sympa?ize ) ! man & are ?9k+ ( him1 x is a disease2 b if y\r he>t is ) ! microbe !re 9 ! sp9al cord1 ! locomotor-ataxy w be to y life & heal? abundant1 & t n only = ! individual specim5 :om y pick out = obs]vation1 b = 8 :ole family :i*1 z ! ataxy advances1 reproduces itself proportionately1 & ) an inconceivable rapidity4 ,:at is to det]m9e :e!r y are on ! side ( ! man or ! microbe8 ,surely ! con/itutional b5t ( y\r emotional & volitional pref]5ce4 ,x is n a matt] = ! sci5ce ( fact to consid]4 ,m]e intellect1 m]e reason1 kn[s no?+ ( heal? & disease1 unless x assumes ?is di/9ction z its />t+-po9t4 ,x kn[s only ! ord] ( sequ5ces4 ,suppose1 !n1 we 7 to f9d t civilization _h pitt$ itself aga9/ ,man1 s t x 0 a case ( ,man v]sus ,civilization1 z ,h]b]t ,sp5c] conceiv$ an antagonism betwe5 ,man & ! ,/ate4 ,%\ld we n be compell$1 9 ord] to decide :at condition ( ?+s 0 "o ( heal?1 to op5 up consci\s relations ) our deepe/ tr5d ( he>t & w1 & f9d out :e!r we fl[$ ) humanity or ) civilization8 ,nor w\ld !re be any escape f ! necessity ( rema9+ true to our own tr5d & favor+ :atev] fl[$ ! same way4 ,9 case ( a cla% betwe5 ! social ord] & humanity1 ! heal? ( ea* is to ! o!r z a disease &1 !re=e1 ! "q inevitably arises1 ,:i* is 9 our judgm5t to be pres]v$8 & ea* "o's answ] mu/ dep5d on :e!r he f9ds himself aft] full delib]ation irresi/ibly drawn to ! "o side or ! o!r4 ,civilization may be to man z ! microbe to ! locomotor-ataxy subject2 b innate civilizationi/s w\ld delight 9 ! surr5d] ( humanity to ! social ord]4 ,to !m :at w\ld humanity be b civilization's opportunity1 its habitat1 its food-supply8 ,i am say+ t1 to prove trade immoral x is n en\gh to %[ t man is a sacrifice to ! economic ord]2 y w\ld be requir$ also to demon/rate t man ought n to be sacrific$ to any social ord]1 t he mu/ always be ! f9al end1 & nev] a m]e means4 ,b t is exactly :at y c nev] demon/rate to any "o :o is n innately1 spiritually1 naturally1 on ! side ( man aga9/ all o!r objects ( int]e/4 ,i mean t !re is no argu+ ) any "o :o con/itutionally hesitates to side ) man4 ,y might pray = su* a "o2 b x w\ld be folly to reason ) him1 = ! f\ndation is n 9 him ^u :i* y\r reason+s c\ld m\nt4 ,all ?is seems to me necess>y to say1 because ,i get ! impression f books on political economy t mo/ writ]s & read]s fir/ dehumanize !mselves z a pr]equisite to a discussion ( ! morals ( trade4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,liv+ ,,f\ndations ,9 "o ( 8 allegorical poems1 ,james ,russell ,l[ell depict$ ! antagonism ( s5tim5t to :i* ,i am ref]r+ z exi/+ betwe5 ,*ri/ & 8 conv5tional wor%ipp]s4 ,! poem is a slight ?+3 al?\gh /rict 9 metre & p]fect 9 rhyme1 x is too fl[+ & fanta/ic to be class$ high 9 lit]ature4 ,b if we view x z a sci5tific essay 9 dynamic sociology1 x is admirable beyond criticism4 ,z its mean+ is q sep>able f its =m & s5su\s cont5ts1 ,i !re=e ask y n to ?9k ( x z poetry or ,*ri/ian my?ology1 b to reg>d x only z a compact treatise 9 e?ical economics4 ,because ?is poem is famili> to y all1 x w s]ve my object ! bett]4 ,x repres5ts ,*ri/ z com+ back to e>? aft] eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 & all ! gr&ees z r5d]+ ,him elaborate homage4 ,nor d !y omit to direct ,8 att5tion to ,8 own image set up 9 ! places ( highe/ honor4 ,b /ill1 accord+ to our dynamic sociologi/3-- 444 :]ev] 8 /eps !y l$1 ,! ,"l 9 sorr[ b5t d[n ,8 head1 ,& f "u ! heavy f\ndation /ones ,! ,son ( ,m>y he>d bitt] groans4 ,& 9 *ur* & palace & judgm5t-hall1 ,he m>k$ great fissures t r5t ! wall1 ,& op5$ wid] & /ill m wide ,z ! liv+ f\ndations heav$ & sigh$4 ,h ye f\nd$ y\r ?rones & alt>s1 !n1 ,on ! bodies & s\ls ( liv+ m58 ,& ?9k ye t build+ %all endure ,:i* %elt]s ! noble & cru%es ! poor8 99 99 99 99 99 ,!n ,*ri/ s\ght out an artisan-- ,a l[-br[$1 /unt$1 hagg>d man1 ,& a mo!rless girl1 ^: f+]s ?9 ,pu%$ f h] fa9tly ,want & ,s94 ,^! set ,he 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 ,& z !y drew back _! g>m5t-hem ,= fe> ( defilem5t1 ,lo1 "h1 said ,he1 ,! images ye h made ( ,me6 ,to-day no "o d5ies t ! f\ndations are alive & t !y heave & sigh4 ,9 our age "o ne$ n be ( ! ord] ( ,*ri/ to h e>s to he> ! bitt] groans4 ,ev]ybody he>s !m1 if "o may judge f ! univ]sal reports ( ! daily pap]s4 ,inde$1 h[ to suppress ! groans or to prev5t !m f becom+ m articulate & coh]5t is ! mo/ vex+ problem ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! mo/ civiliz$ /ate 9 ! _w4 ,at lea/ ,pr9ce von ,bl[ s repres5ts ! case 9 8 book entitl$ ,imp]ial ,g]many4 ,& ! p>ty lead]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h all be5 al]t = two decades to discov] h[ to r5d] impossible an upheaval ( ! liv+ f\ndations ( ,am]ica4 ,!re is1 z ,i say1 no d5y+ ! fact t ! f\ndations are alive1 & t !y n only groan bitt]ly1 b--:at is m s]i\s--heave ?reat5+ly4 ,:e!r any "o p]son1 h[ev]1 is on ! side ( ! liv+ f\ndations1 z accord+ to ,l[ell ,jesus ,*ri/ 01 or on ! side ( ! ?rones & alt>s1 z 8 conv5tional wor%ipp]s are depict$ to be by ,l[ell & _m ano!r ,am]ican writ] s9ce1 dep5ds ^u :at ! special p]son's innate ta/e is4 ,! ?rones & alt>s h become m & m magnific5t 9 beauty1 co/l9ess1 & spl5dor1 ) ! progress ( civilization2 b n s ! mob1 ! rabble1 ! und]world1 ^: /irr+s h r5t ! walls4 ,*ri/'s ta/e1 x w\ld seem1 0 n prim>ily ae/hetic4 ,b !n n e "o is a son ( ,m>y1 & n e c>p5t]'s son sides ) ! class to :i* 8 fa!r belong$4 ,,vii4 ,,civilization ,,condemn$ ,,by ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,all ,,sons ,,( ,,man ,i said t aft] my biological analogy ,i %\ld cite ! judgm5ts ( "s great sages :o saw 9 civilization an enemy ( man4 ,( ^! ,i h j be5 m5tion+ ! greate/4 ,! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity set ,8 ,w dead aga9/ ! e/abli%$ ord] ( society1 rebuk+ ! uphold]s ( ?rones & alt>s1 & becom+ ! *ampion ( ! outca/s4 ,! k+dom1 ,he ann\nc$1 0 n to be ( ?is our _w ( moneyl5d]s4 ,no wond] ! rul]s ( ,8 day gave ,him %ort qu>t]1 s t aft] ?ree ye>s ( agitation ?is speak] ( r\s+ p>ables to ! multitude1 :o _h no bank acc\nt1 0 sil5c$ =ev]4 ,likewise1 x 0 a =egone conclusion t e disciple ( ,*ri/ ^: _s 0 to be set aflame by ,8--l ,/4 ,francis1 & ,savon>ola1 ,wycliffe1 ,lu!r 7at ! fir/71 & ,john ,wesley--%\ld turn 9 pity to ! liv+ f\ndations & 9 horror ( _s f ! entomb+ ?rones4 ,b ! prote/ aga9/ ! sacrifice ( man to mammoniz$ society has be5 no monopoly ( ,*ri/ & ^? spiritually desc5d$ f ,him4 ,! anci5t ,hebrew prophets taught equally a k+dom t 0 to be diametrically ! opposite 9 pr9ciple f t :i* prevail$ 9 ! ,jewi% ,/ate or 9 ,babylon1 & lat] 9 ,mac$on or ,rome4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! prophets & ,*ri/ accompani$ _! c5sure ( ! =mative pr9ciple1 ^u :i* nations & trad]s _h built up _! deal+s ) "o ano!r1 ) a propos$ sub/itute4 ,b if we g back to ,gautama & ! ,india ( 8 "t1 we f9d t ! ,buddha's prote/ aga9/ civilization 0 /ill m extreme2 = he did n wait to submit a new pr9ciple be=e condemn+ ! old4 ,inde$1 he felt t self-consci\s exi/5ce = ! individual1 z he beheld x ev]y:]e1 0 a tragic calamity1 & altoge!r un5durable4 ,pref]able w\ld be ! ext9ction utt]ly ( all individualiz$ selfhood4 ,he w\ld isolate ! individual & submit him to a discipl9e1 ! object ( :i* 0 escape =ev] f ! :eel ( exi/5ce4 ,he advocat$ n m]e individuali/ic an>*y1 b ! annihilation ( individuality z pref]able to civiliz$ life4 ,a ?ird ( ! human race /ill believe 9 8 discipl9e1 & 9 ! alt]native he propos$ to ! highly develop$ type ( social ord] :i* prevail$ 9 8 "t 9 ,india4 ,nor d ,gautama1 ! prophets1 & ,*ri/ /& alone4 ,all ! great humani/s ( ! eighte5? & n9ete5? c5turies1 al?\gh pr(ess+ no disciple%ip ( e>li] tea*]s1 7 at "o ) !m 9 condemn+ ! root-pr9ciple ( ! exi/+ co-ord9ation ( human lives 9 politics1 economics1 & education4 ,! cry ( ,r\sseau1 ,back to ,nature6 & all ! wat*words ( ,voltaire & ! encyclopdi/s1 7 s _m summonses to revolt aga9/ ! entire ord] ( organiz$ society4 ,! same mean+ und]lay all ! writ+s ( ,f\ri] & ,prudhomme1 ( ,ow5 & ! o!r ,engli% communi/s4 ,x 0 z if !y all said1 ,civilization is a disease2 let u rid ourselves ( x4 ,) ! sociali/s1 ,m>x & ,lassalle1 & ! an>*i/s1 l ,/epniak & ,kropotk91 ! condemnation ( society1 z x is & always _h be51 0 equally radical & sweep+4 ,ev5 humani/s less viol5t 9 _! prote/1 n s negative 9 _! criticism1 nor s positive 9 _! (f]$ sub/itutes1 l ,c>lyle & ,em]son1 l ,%elley & ,:itman & ,sw9burne1 l ,h5ry ,george & ,h5ry ,demore/ ,lloyd1 all aim to create 9 u ! judgm5t t civilization1 z x has be5 f ! fir/1 is no fri5d to ! be/ 9 any man4 ,no lov] ( humanity seems ev] to h wor%ipp$ ! god :o rules ov] ! ?+s t are e/abli%$4 ,!y all agree ) ! m$ival !ologians t ?is _w has be5 giv5 ov] to ! ,pr9ce ( ,d>kness4 ,,viii4 ,,two ,,in/ances ,,( ,,civilization ,we may come to wond] ! less at ?is adv]se judgm5t :5 we h consid]$ two in/ances ( ! effects :i* ! highe/ types ( civilization h _h ^u ! masses ( mank9d :o 7 br\ght "u its sway4 ,take anci5t ,egypt & anci5t ,a!ns4 ,g back to ! build+ ( ! pyramids4 ,al?\gh !y are among ! e>lie/ monum5ts ( civilization1 !y are yet among ! mo/ m>vell\s illu/rations ( ! ma/]y ( ! human m9d ov] matt]4 ,sc>cely ?ree _h pass$ ( ! t5 ?\s& ye>s :i* h con/itut$ ! epo* t sup]s$$ b>b>ism1 be=e ^! va/ tombs1 or :atev] !y are1 began to be erect$4 ,lo/ 9 admiration z he /&s be=e ! ,great ,pyramid1 h[ c any "o b res5t ! sugge/ion t ! social ord]1 :i* made x at la/ possible1 0 a disease1 prey+ ^u ! body & _s ( m58 ,& yet1 if "o turns f x to exam9e t organization ( human labor & t control ( ! wills ( ! masses ( ,egypt :i* made x possible1 & !n aga9 looks up at x1 "o m>ks great fissures t r5d ! :ole mass & "o he>s ! f\ndations groan4 ,to speak ?us is only an imag9ative way ( say+1 :at all ! an?ropologi/s & ar*aeologi/s tell u1 t to ! build+ ( any "o ( ! great pyramids w5t ! en=c$ labor ( upw>ds ( a million m5 = _m ye>s1 :o 7 lit]ally driv5 by ! la% ( ! :ip4 ,!re is no gr\nd = suppos+ t ! feel ( ! :ip1 :5 ! back ( an ,egyptian slave began to ble$1 0 diff]5t f :at we %\ld suff] if ! /roke fell n[ on u3 nor t cries ( pa9 7 any ! less natural !n4 ,& we mu/ rememb] t1 accord+ to ! unanim\s op9ion ( an?ropologi/s1 ! organization ( en=c$ labor is "o ( ! ess5tials ( civilization4 ,picturesque & vivid1 b n exagg]at$1 is ! say+ ( ! au?or ( t able book1 ,! ,nemesis ( ,nations3 ,civilization beg9s ) ! crack ( ! :ip4 ,"l ,crom] quotes ?is dictum 9 8 "w on ,egypt z giv+ an epitome ( ! k9d ( p[] beh9d ! civiliz+ process z x has always manife/$ itself 9 ! l& ( ! ,nile2 & !n1 le/ ^? ( 8 read]s :o live 9 ! glass h\se ( ,engli% hi/ory %\ld commit ! ridicul\s s9 ( unconsci\s hypocrisy1 he g5tly b firmly rem9ds u t _m inhumanities ( a simil> _s1 especially t[>ds (f5d]s aga9/ ! laws ( prop]ty1 7 n suppress$ 9 ,engl& till ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,9 ^! comm5ts ( m9e ^u ,egypt1 ,i may seem to h appeal$ to y\r s5tim5t ( humanity2 b ,i h nev] = a mom5t =gott5 t no in/ance f hi/ory c prove civilization a disease except to ^? :o are intuitively on ! side ( ! man in/ead ( ! microbe1 ( ! p in/ead ( ! pyramid4 ,su* in/ances1 h[ev]1 are ( value 9 br++ ^? :o li/5 to !m to a cle> self-consci\sness ( _! own primal pref]5ce--& t is a di/9ct ga91 ev5 :5 ! pref]5ce is = ! pyramid4 ,x _c be d5i$ t ! masses ( ,egypt 7 a sacrifice--& n will+ly--to civilization4 ,9 ! prec$+ p]iods ( savag]y & b>b>ism1 !re _h be5 no su* enslavem5t2 ! organization ( en=c$ labor _h n proce$$ s f>4 ,! crack ( ! :ip 0 /ill z yet int]mitt5t4 ,accord+ to ,lewis ,morgan1 civilization is ! progress ( man f bea/ to citiz54 ,well1 until t5 ?\s& ye>s ago1 man 0 m bea/ ?an citiz52 b1 happily = him1 among ! bea/s ( ! field !re is no?+ p>allel to ?is organization ( labor ?r\gh ! w ( "o by means ( ! /roke ( ! c\rba% ^u ! backs ( ! _m4 ,"s /ud5ts :o %r9k 9 horror f ! ,egyptian type ( civilization plead nev]!less = ! type :i* 0 manife/$ 9 anci5t ,greece4 ,let u g1 !n1 to ,a!ns 9 ! age ( ,p]icles1 t p]iod ( h] glory conc]n+ :i* ,pr(essor ,freeman some:]e says t to h liv$ b t5 ye>s 9 ! mid/ ( x w\ld h be5 wor? a hundr$ ( mod]n m$iocrity4 ,:o c ?9k o!rwise z he recalls ! ,a!nian drama1 eloqu5ce & philosophy1 ar*itecture & sculpture8 ,b :5 "o turns to ! organization ( society1 z x 0 9 ,a!ns1 to f9d out at :at human price ! spl5dor 0 b\ght ( t dazzl+ decade :5 ! ,p>!non 0 be+ built1 "o f9ds t ( ! inhabitants ( t ,city ( ! ,light sc>cely m ?an ?irty ?\s& 7 free m51 :ile two hundr$ ?\s& 7 slaves4 ,aga91 ! liv+ f\ndations groan6 ,& if our he>t1 by its nature1 insi/s on go+ out to ! sacrific$1 our delight 9 ,a!nian ,kultur w be h5ce=? %ot ?r\gh ) angui%4 ,our only way ( escape w be by absorb+ ,nietzs*e into our sy/em until ! poison p>alyzes our impulse to pity4 ,b y may ?9k t if we %ift our inve/igation1 we %all f9d relief4 ,let u enquire1 !n1 into ! position ( woman in/ead ( ! man-slave 9 ,a!ns4 ,alas6 we are n[ confront$ ) facts :i* reveal1 on ! "p ( "o :ole half ( ,greek mank9d1 ! surr5d] ( _! di/9ctive humanity to civilization1 to t process :]eby s5ti5t be+s are trans=m$ f bea/s into citiz5s4 ,pr(essor ,we/]m>ck sums up ! attitude ( civilization to wom5 9 ^! t]ms3-- ,n[h]e else has ! diff]5ce 9 culture betwe5 m5 & wom5 be5 s imm5se z 9 ! fully-develop$ ,greek civilization4 ,! lot ( a wife 9 ,greece 0 retirem5t & ignorance4 ,%e liv$ 9 almo/ absolute seclusion1 9 a sep>ate "p ( ! h\se1 toge!r ) h] female slaves1 depriv$ ( all ! educat+ influ5ce ( male society1 & hav+ no place at ^? public spectacles :i* 7 ! *ief means ( culture4 ,he !n calls att5tion to ! />tl+ abs5ce f ! :ole ( ,greek lit]ature ( any evid5ce t any man :o _h receiv$ ! tra9+ :i* ,greek culture gave ev] fell 9 love ) any woman4 ,9 8 *apt] on ! ,subjection ( ,wives1 ,pr(essor ,we/]m>ck fur!r says3-- ,! /atus ( wives is 9 v>i\s respects connect$ ) ! ideas held ab\t ! female sex 9 g5]al4 ,woman is commonly look$ ^u z a slight1 da9ty1 & relatively weak creature1 de/itute ( all nobl] qualities4 ,especially among nations m advanc$ 9 culture %e is reg>d$ z intellectually & morally inf]ior to man4 ,9 ,greece1 9 ! hi/oric age1 ! latt] recogniz$ 9 h] no o!r end ?an to m9i/] to 8 pleasure & to become ! "m ( 8 *ildr54 ,?is au?or f9ds ! ,greek subjection ( wives1 z y w h not$1 no exception to ! univ]sal rule z to ! relation ( culture to womanhood4 ,aft] speak+ ( ! /atus ( woman among ! anci5t ,hebrews1 & ! position assign$ h] by t greate/ in/rum5t ( ,european civilization call$ ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 he repeats 8 g5]alization 9 ^! t]ms3-- ,progress 9 civilization has ex]cis$ an unfavorable influ5ce on ! position ( woman by wid5+ ! gulf betwe5 ! sexes1 z ! high] culture 0 almo/ exclusively ! pr]ogative ( ! m54 ,moreov]1 religion1 & especially ! great religions ( ! _w1 has contribut$ to ! degradation ( ! female sex by reg>d+ woman z unclean4 ,,ix4 ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,! ,,f\ndations ,,at ,,h& ,is ?is degradation an inevitable outcome ( ! animat+ pr9ciple at ! he>t ( ! process :]eby s5ti5t be+s h ?us f> be5 trans=m$ f bea/s into citiz5s8 ,we are =c$ to answ] ,yes4 ,o!rwise1 :y has ! relative degradation ( woman deep5$ univ]sally ) ! progress ( civilization8 ,if ,we/]m>ck is "r1 x w\ld seem t ! l[e/ f\ndations ( highly develop$ society h always consi/$ ( ! bodies & s\ls ( wom54 ,if su* be ! hi/oric fact1 x may seem /range t only 9 our day1 b n[ ! _w ov]1 is he>d ! wail ( wom5 cry+ to be fre$4 ,p]haps ! reason1 h[ev]1 t we = ! fir/ "t he> ! wail is because nev] be=e _h ! fissures gr[n wide en\gh to all[ ! fa9t]1 b m pite\s1 sighs to escape4 ,! fact1 too1 ( :i* !re is no d\bt1 t at la/ 9 our age ev5 wom5 are beg9n+ to be rev]$ z responsible moral & spiritual ag5ts may be a sign t ! ,day ( ! ,f\ndations is come1 t ! age ( civilization is ne>+ its close1 & t a new era1 animat$ by a fre% pr9ciple ( human co-ord9ation1 is at h&4 ,!re is at lea/ evid5ce t _m wom5 are ask+3 ,are ! products ( civilization wor? ! price :i* we wom5 h be5 compell$ to pay1 9 ord] t !y may exi/8 ,is our subjection ju/ifiable8 ,9 reply1 ! m5 :o ent]ta9 an innate contempt = woman answ]1 ,yes2 ^? :o are mov$ by ! extreme opposite ( s5tim5t h arriv$ at ! bitt]1 ?\gh *ivalr\s1 ?\ght1 ,bett] ! non-exi/5ce ( ! human race ?an ! cont9u$ sacrifice ( its womank9d2 :ile ev5 ! sons ( ! gold5 mean 9 judgm5t g s f> z to say t n only ! already acquir$ b5efits ( civilization1 b f9] ones & m abundant1 c f n[ on be atta9$ by "s o!r process1 :i* w involve no degradation ei!r to work+man or to woman1 & :i* 9 /ructural pr9ciple & human effects w diff] z mu* f civilization z civilization itself diff]$ f ! b>b>ism & savag]y :i* prec$$ x4 ,my own judgm5t is1 t civilization is ne>+ its close4 ,f\r or five deadly bl[s 7 dealt out to x by f\r or five ev5ts :i* happ5$ 9 ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury aft] ,*ri/1 & x has be5 /agg]+ ev] s9ce4 ,9 t c5tury1 c]ta9 ?+s occurr$ :i* produc$ ! v opposite effect ^u ! masses ( mank9d to t produc$ by ! wond]ful ?+ :i* _h happ5$ t5 ?\s& ye>s ago & by its occurr5ce _h *ang$ radically ! relation ( m5 & wom5 to ! community & to ! physical univ]se 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,:at 0 begun 9 ! fifte5? c5tury by ! ev5ts t took place !n1 & :at 0 cont9u$ z a de/ructive process until rec5tly1 is1 9 my judgm5t1 be+ f9i%$ n[ ?r\gh a con/ructive process :i* has be5 set up by c]ta9 o!r ?+s--"s t5 or tw5ty--:i* h happ5$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,x4 ,a ,,new ,,/ructural ,,pr9ciple ,x has seem$ to me necess>y at ?is po9t 9 my argum5t to call att5tion to ! introduction into social life 9 ! fifte5? c5tury ( a new work+ pr9ciple :i* has be5 9 direct antagonism to ! basic idea ( civilization1 because x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t dur+ ! la/ f\r c5turies ! hi/ory ( ,europe & ! ,new ,_w furni%es illu/rations ( two conflict+ processes ( social integration4 ,n ev]y?+ t has happ5$ s9ce ! ,new ,_w 0 discov]$ c be set d[n to ! cr$it ( t process :i* is /ill asc5dant 9 ,prussia4 ,in/ances1 !re=e1 f mod]n hi/ory :i* g aga9/ my acc\nt ( civilization h no weight aga9/ my cont5tion & _c be rais$ aga9/ me2 mod]n in/ances mu/ n only be %[n to be facts1 b to be vital outputs ( ! same pr9ciple t animates ! old ord]4 ,to acc\nt e co-ord9ation ( mod]n social life z an in/ance ( civilization is z if any "o %\ld cite ! turb9e eng9e & its a*ievem5ts & set ^! d[n to ! cr$it ( ! pi/on eng9e4 ,b ! idea ( ! "o is :olly new & n a fur!r evolution ( ! old4 ,or x is z if "o %\ld assign ! glory ( ! motor-c> to ! inv5tor ( ! bicycle1 or ( ! bicycle to ! orig9ator ( ! horse-c>t2 or z if "o %\ld po9t to an a]oplane z an illu/ration ( a fur!r /age 9 ! evolution ( ! motor-c>4 ,x is a fact t ! a]oplane came aft]1 b n a fact t x came f1 ! motor-c>4 ,if1 z ,i believe1 ! new ord] :i* began to manife/ itself 9 ! fifte5? c5tury /&s to civilization z ! a]oplane to ! motorc>1 & z ! motor-c> to ! bicycle & ! horse-c>t1 or z ! turb9e to ! pi/on eng9e1 !n ,i am "r 9 claim+ t we ought n to call x civilization4 ,if we d1 we %\ld be act+ l any "o :o insi/$ ^u call+ an air%ip a horse-c>t4 ,!re might be reasons = s do+3 & !re may be reasons = call+ ?+s civilization :i* are some?+ q diff]5t4 ,= in/ance1 ,i c conceive t ! new ord] might be m easily ins9uat$ into g5]al acceptance if ^? ^: int]e/s are all ve/$ 9 ! old are n in=m$ t x is new4 ,b tonight ,i am treat+ n ( words1 b ( ?+s2 & if x w ha/5 ! triumph ( ! new ord] to pret5d t x is civilization1 let u by all means d s--j z we call six o'clock sev5 9 ord] to ga9 an extra h\r ( sunlight dur+ ! wak+ day4 ,i "k t to _m ! idea w appe> grotesquely naive1 t an in/itution z old z civilization & s wide-spread+ %\ld come to an end & be sup]s$$ by some?+ else1 & t ?is *ange %\ld be tak+ place "u our v eyes4 ,b1 happily = me1 ! _w-conflict :i* is n[ deva/at+ ,europe has begun to und]m9e 9 ! s\l ( _m ! feti%-wor%ip ( civilization4 ,& to assi/ fur!r 9 break+ ! spell :i* civilization may h ca/ ov] ! imag9ation ( mo/ ( my audi5ce1 ,i w\ld rem9d y t civilization is1 aft] all1 a m]e mu%room gr[?1 & t :at has sprung up only ov]night _c h tak5 deep root 7z if x 7 a ?+ practically et]nal71 & c\ld n be v difficult to replace by some?+ m delib]ately ?\ght out--by some?+ le>n$ ?r\gh t5 ?\s& ye>s ( ! tragic effects exp]i5c$ by ?\s&s ( millions ( human be+s4 ,civilization1 ,i say1 is a m]e mu%room gr[?1 z comp>$ ) ! :ole life-p]iod ( man's exi/5ce on e>?4 ,x is only t5 ?\s& ye>s old2 :ile1 by ! mo/ mode/ & cauti\s calculation1 man has exi/$ "o hundr$ ?\s& ye>s2 & dur+ ! n9ety ?\s& :i* prec$$ ! la/ t51 he made gigantic progress t[>ds self-k & self-rev]5ce4 ,let u1 !re=e1 n be br[beat5 by civilization on acc\nt ( its antiquity4 ,,xi4 ,,edw>d ,,c>p5t]',s ,,indictm5t ,,( ,,civilization ,equally mu/ we gu>d aga9/ ! fallacy ( attribut+ only ! b5efic5t effects ( civilization to its inh]5t pr9ciple1 :ile we trace all ! evils :i* h aris5 9 its tra9 to extr9sic causes--to human nature1 or to sup]ficial & local ob/ructions4 ,?is ^w ( w>n+ br+s me back to ,mr4 ,edw>d ,c>p5t]'s essay on ,civilization3 ,its ,cause & ,cure2 = :5 ,i fir/ read x he appe>$ to me to exagg]ate out ( all proportion ! evils 9 mod]n life z comp>$ ) ! good 9 x3 especially did ,i feel t he err$ 9 t he acc\nt$ ! evils z p]man5t & organic *>act]i/ics ( ! civiliz+ process itself1 & believ$ t !y mu/ increase ) its developm5t & c\ld n be eradicat$ except ) its ext9ction4 ,dur+ ! la/ tw5ty-six ye>s1 h[ev]1 ,i h le>n$ a ?+ or two4 ,i h n lo/ "o jot or tittle ( my e>ly fai? 9 man1 & ,i h ev5 ga9$ fre% hope = a spe$y issue ( ! human race out ( mo/ ( its suff]+s & s9s2 b ,i h ga9$ ?is fre% hope only because ,i h be5 drawn by wid] & clos] obs]vation ( economic ev5ts--& especially ( ! new developm5ts ( trade & politics ! _w ov]--to ! conclusion t ! evils1 h[ev] great1 are to be trac$ to ! false pr9ciple t animates ! civiliz+ process1 & t !y w fall away ( !mselves :5 once t pr9ciple has be5 ex*ang$ = ano!r t is already well kn[n1 & :i*1 z ,i h rem>k$1 began f\r c5turies ago to dis9tegrate ! e/abli%$ ord]4 ,c>p5t]'s indictm5t ( civilization seems to me incontrov]tible4 ,! be/ way = me to pres5t x briefly w be by means ( a numb] ( typical quotations1 9 :i* he indicates ! nature ( disease & %[s t su* is ! /ate--m5tal1 physical1 social1 & moral--induc$ 9 man by ! organization ( en=c$ labor & ! :ole ( ! adopt$ me?od ( mak+ citiz5s out ( wild bea/s3-- ,:5 we come to analyze ! conception ( disease1 physical or m5tal1 9 society or ! individual1 x evid5tly means 444 loss ( unity4 ,heal?1 !re=e1 %\ld mean unity4 444 ,! idea %\ld be a positive "o--a condition ( ! body 9 :i* x is an entirety1 a unity1 a c5tral =ce ma9ta9+ t condition2 & disease be+ ! break-up--or break-d[n--( t entirety into multiplicity4444 ,?us 9 a body1 ! e/abli%m5t ( an insubord9ate c5tre--a boil1 a tumor1 ! introduction & spread ( a g]m ) innum]able prog5y ?r\gh\t ! sy/em1 ! enl>gem5t out ( all reason ( an exi/+ organ--means disease4 ,9 ! m9d1 disease beg9s :5 any passion ass]ts itself z an indep5d5t c5tre ( ?\ght & action4444 ,:at is a ta9t 9 ! m9d is also a ta9t 9 ! body4 ,! /oma* has />t$ ! orig9al idea ( becom+ itself ! c5tre ( ! human sy/em4 ,! sexual organs may />t a simil> idea4 ,"h are di/9ct ?reats1 m5aces made aga9/ ! c5tral au?ority--aga9/ ! ,man himself4 ,= ! man mu/ rule1 or disappe>2 x is impossible to imag9e a man presid$ ov] by a ,/oma*--a walk+ ,/oma*1 us+ h&s1 feet1 & all ! o!r memb]s m]ely to c>ry x f place to place1 & s]ve its assimilative mania4 ,s ( ! ,bra91 or any o!r organ2 = ! ,man is no organ1 resides 9 no organ1 b is ! c5tral life rul+ & radiat+ among all organs1 & assign+ !m _! p>ts to play4 ,disease1 !n1 9 m9d or body1 is 444 ! abeyance ( a c5tral p[] & ! gr[? ( insubord9ate c5tres--life 9 ea* creature be+ conceiv$ ( z a cont9ual ex]cise ( en]gy or conque/1 by :i* ext]nal or antagoni/ic =ces 7or organisms7 are br\ght into subjection & compell$ into ! s]vice ( ! creature1 or are ?r[n (f z h>mful to x4 ,?us1 by way ( illu/ration1 we f9d t plants or animals1 :5 9 good heal?1 h a rem>kable p[] ( ?r[+ (f ! attacks ( any p>asites :i* incl9e to infe/ !m2 :ile ^? t are weakly are v soon eat5 up by ! same4 ,a rose-tree1 = in/ance1 br\ght indoors1 w soon fall a prey to ! aphis1 ?\gh :5 h>d5$ out ( doors ! pe/ makes next to no impression on x4 ,9 dry seasons :5 ! "y turnip plants 9 ! field are weakly f want ( wat]1 ! entire crop is sometimes de/roy$ by ! turnip-fly1 :i* !n multiplies enorm\sly2 b if a %[] or two ( ra9 comes be=e mu* damage is done1 ! plant w !n gr[ vigor\sly1 its tissues become m robu/ & resi/ ! attacks ( ! fly1 :i* 9 its turn dies4 ,late inve/igations seem to %[ t "o ( ! functions ( ! :ite corpuscles ( ! blood is to dev\r disease-g]ms & bact]ia pres5t 9 ! circulation1--?us absorb+ ^! organisms into subjection to ! c5tral life ( ! body1--& t = ?is object !y congregate 9 numb]s t[>d any "p ( ! body :i* is w\nd$ or diseas$4 ,,xii4 ,,c>p5t]',s ,,false ,,rem$y ,to ca/ ,c>p5t]'s metaphor1 accord+ to :i* civilization is a ?+ to be cur$1 into ! =m ( an analogy1 we might say t ! civiliz+ process has be5 to man :at ! br++ indoors is to a rose-tree1 or ! com+ ( a dr\ght to ! turnips 9 a field4 ,& ,i ask y to assume ) me t ?is is s2 z x w help me to get on ) my argum5t1 :i*1 z x advances1 w reveal m & m :e!r x be inh]5tly weak or /rong4 ,nor d ,i anticipate mu* opposition to ,c>p5t]'s m]e indictm5t ( civilization4 ,at lea/ x is only :5 he outl9es 8 rem$y t my own prote/ is ar\s$4 ,& ,i suspect t _m a read] w feel ) me1 t :ile to cure a rose-tree or a turnip plant may require only ! tak+ ( ! "o out ( doors aga9 & ! fall+ ( ! k9dly %[]s ^u ! o!r1 ! re/oration ( civiliz$ man to heal? w\ld necessitate some?+ m ?an a m]e return on 8 "p to ,nature & savag]y4 ,inde$1 su* a return may be altoge!r impossible1 & ev5 undesirable4 ,9 my judgm5t1 man hav+ 7z ,c>p5t] himself po9ts out7 become self-consci\s1 c nev] g back to ,nature1 s9ce he is no long] ! same be+ he 0 :5 he em]g$ f 8 m primitive /ate4 ,yet :at ,c>p5t] recomm5ds s f> z he recomm5ds any cure1 is exactly ?is3 ,human be+s are to we> less clo!s--if any at all2 man w aga9 live out ( doors1 = ! mo/ "p1 in/ead ( 9 h\ses2 he w return to ! eat+ ( uncook$ food--ma9ly fruit & gra9s2 he w beg9 to feel himself "o aga9 ) ,nature2 he is to lose 8 s5se ( s92 e man w d ! "w he likes--& presumably n d ! "w he does n l4 ,z to ,ext]nal ,gov]nm5t & ,law1 !y w disappe>1 says ,c>p5t]1 = !y are only ! trave/ies & transitory sub/itutes ( ,inw>d ,gov]nm5t & ,ord]4 ,9 religion1 !re is to be a l return to ,nature4 ,! au?or says3-- ,& :5 ! civilization-p]iod has pass$ away1 ! old ,nature-religion--p]haps greatly gr[n--w come back4444 ,our ,*ri/ian c]emonial is saturat$ ) sexual & a/ronomical symbols2 & long be=e ,*ri/ianity exi/$1 ! sexual & a/ronomical 7 ! ma9 =ms ( religion4444 ,on ! high tops once m ga!r+ he w celebrate ) nak$ dances ! glory ( ! human =m & ! great processions ( ! />s4444 ,c>p5t] sees signs already "h & !re ( ! beg9n+ ( ?is return3-- ,! pres5t competitive society is m & m rapidly becom+ a m]e dead =mula & husk )9 :i* ! outl9es ( ! new & human society are already disc]nible4 ,simultane\sly1 & z if to mat* ?is gr[?1 a move t[>d ,nature & ,savag]y is = ! fir/ "t tak+ place f )91 in/ead ( be+ =c$ ^u ,society f )\t4 ,! ,nature-movem5t1 begun ye>s ago 9 ,lit]ature & ,art1 is n[ among ! m advanc$ sections ( ! civiliz$ _w rapidly realiz+ itself 9 actual life1 go+ s f> ev5 z a d5ial1 among "s1 ( ma*9]y & ! complex products ( ,civilization1 & develop+ among o!rs into a gospel ( salvation by s&als & sunba?s6 ,9 ord] to help u to judge aright :e!r a return to ,nature & a primitive communism w\ld re/ore to man t c5trality & heal? ( :i* we assume t civilization has depriv$ him1 we %\ld d well to consid] :at x 0 t happ5$ t5 ?\s& ye>s ago & prov$ s s9i/] 9 *ang+ ! relation ( m5 & wom5 to ! community 9 :i* !y liv$1 & to ! physical univ]se4 ,b ( t ev5t we _c ga9 an adequate appreciation unless we view x 9 p]spective along ! l9e ( analog\s ev5ts1 "s six1 :i* _h occurr$ f "t to "t dur+ ! n9ety ?\s& ye>s prec$+4 ,,xiii4 ,,spee* ,,& ,,fire ,a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s ago1 among our ance/ors1 :o !n 7 only in>ticulate mammals1 liv+ 9 trees & caves1 "o ( !m by himself1 or a little gr\p ( !m toge!r1 hit ^u ! use ( articulate vocal signs z a means ( convey+ to 8 mates 8 ne$s1 8 fe>s1 8 desires & ?reats4 ,x 0 probably by a happy fluke t he hit ^u ?is use1 or by "s transc5d5t fla% ( insight due to a spontane\s v>iation ( ability above t ( ! av]age ape2 or else "s unusual /ress ( hung] or dang] ( attack drove ev5 a m$iocre individual to an unwont$ ex]cise ( +5uity4 ,9 any case1 by inv5t+ articulate spee*1 he br\ght into exi/5ce a new species ( mammal--man4 ,i mu/ leave to y\r imag9ation ! ?\s& trans=m+ effects ( ?is new device = communicat+ p]ceptions1 feel+s1 & int5tions4 ,! speak+ ape /ood to 8 own species1 & ?r\gh !m to o!r k9ds ( animals & to ! mat]ial univ]se1 9 a diff]5t relation f t 9 :i* ! spee*less /ood4 ,! p[] ( comb9$ action among ! memb]s ( any gr\p became immeasurably great] ?an x _h previ\sly be54 ,a social unity ( w 0 possible t c\ld nev] h exi/$ on e>? hi!rto4 ,= all we "k1 ?irty ?\s& ye>s may h pass$ away be=e any o!r ev5t occurr$ among human be+s comp>able 9 practical importance to ! inv5tion ( spok5 language4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 all ! "t be+ gradually p]fect$ "u ! /ress ( new exp]i5ces 9 g5]al & ( try+ pr$icam5ts 9 p>ticul>4 ,!n1 9 ! fulness ( "t1 & once m by a happy fluke1 or by a /roke ( spontane\s g5ius1 or "u ! pressure ( "s unprec$5t$ dang]1 or ?r\gh ! educative influ5ce ( "s new ord] ( exp]i5ce1 "o ( ! speak+ apes hit ^u ! use ( fire1 & !reby introduc$ a new era 9 ! advancem5t ( man4 ,practically inf9ite 0 ! increase ( man's new ma/]y ov] ,nature4 ,into temp]ate & ev5 icy regions he c\ld n[ p5etrate &1 z x 71 create ar\nd him a little tempor>y zone ( tropical w>m?4 ,) spee* _h come social unity2 ) fire at man's disposal came ma/]y ov] matt]4 ,b ! unity !reby suff]$ a *ange4 ,) ! inv5tion ( means ( creat+ artificial w>m? ! social homog5eity ( ! tribe began to be brok54 ,:oev] controll$ fire controll$ ! re/ ( 8 gr\p1 s9ce no o!r way = ! tribal appropriation ( ! bless+s ( regulat$ fire 0 possible among talk+ apes1 except t "o individual1 or a v few1 %\ld assume ! (fice ( own] ( ! /icks or fl9ts = ignit+ ! fire1 & %\ld become disp5s] ( ! flame4 ,! gr\p ?us 0 divid$ into ! controll] & ! controll$1 ! own] & ! own$1 ! ma/] & ! man1 ! gov]nor & ! gov]n$1 ! *ief & 8 foll[]s4 ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,two ,,m>ks ,,( ,,all ,,civilization ,su* a diff]5tiation ( society 01 among apes1 ! condition = any sort ( social unity2 b control by ! few c\ld at ! fir/ h be5 only rudim5t>y & int]mitt5t4 ,fire is n ev]y?+1 & 0 indisp5sable only on c]ta9 occasions1 z :5 ! gr\p 7 caught unexpect$ly 9 "s w9try region4 ,!n ! *oice = any man might lie betwe5 freez+ or obey+4 ,be x obs]v$ t fire "u su* circum/ances w\ld be %>$ by all1 b ! p[] ( social control w\ld be monopoliz$ by "o4 ,_h y be5 !re1 b n ! mightie/ ( y\r gr\p1 ! condition ( y\r surviv+ ! cold w\ld h be5 t y surr5d]$ :atev] individual initiative y _h _h4 ,y ga9$ fire1 b lo/ fre$om4 ,at ?is po9t1 by "s innate s5se ( logical id5tity1 my m9d is c>ri$ =w>d a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s to t c5tre ( to-day's highe/ civilization--,detroit1 & to its v palladium1 ! ,=d ,motor ,works4 ,= 9 t f>-fam$ in/itution is to be f\nd a v /rik+ simil>ity to ! primeval monopoly ( initiative :i* arose ) ! fir/ control ( fire4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,=d has be5 magnanim\sly ready to %>e pr(its ) 8 m51 b1 s f> z ,i c le>n1 no iota ( ! indu/rial control4 ,be=e ,i g to ! next /ep t[>ds citiz5%ip1 ,i w\ld call att5tion to ! fact t ?us1 ne> to ! beg9n+ ( ?+s human1 :5 ! use ( fire 0 introduc$1 we are able to detect ! two di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( all civilization1 & ( trade 9 p>ticul>1 :i* are ! %>+ by ! tribe ( ! bless+s ( man's ma/]y ov] ,nature1 b1 z ! condition ( ! %>+1 a monopoly ( p[] & initiative by ! few :o disp5se ! bless+s4 ,s mu* ( good & ( goods--b no m--c\ld ! mass ( m5 enjoy z 0 compatible ) ! cont9uance ( ! ma/]'s asc5dancy ov] ! m5 & ov] ! public4 ,we %all f9d no o!r ?an ^! m>ks 9 all future civilization1 to di/+ui% x f savag]y & b>b>ism4 ,! only diff]5ce w be t 9 ! p]iod ( civilization prop]--t is1 f t5 ?\s& ye>s ago to ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury aft] ,*ri/1 :5 ! e/abli%$ social ord] began to break up--! monopoly ( initiative & control is practically absolute4 ,z we trace ! future /eps 9 human evolution1 we %all see h[ ?is conc5tration ( p[] 9 ! h&s ( rul]s occurr$4 ,b x mu/ be fur!r obs]v$ t x is n only rudim5t>y civilization :i* we detect z ensu+ ^u ! introduction ( ! use ( fire3 x is trade1 socializ$ weal?1 ! division ( ! community into ! haves & ! h-nots1 ! introduction ( ! work+ ( ! law1 t to him t ha? %all be giv5 & t f him t ha? no?+ b 8 labor to (f] %all be tak5 ) x 8 lib]ty also4 ,x %\ld likewise be borne 9 m9d t ) ! /eal+ ( fire f heav5 came also t coalition ( gov]nm5t ) trade1 ( politics ) comm]ce1 ( ! monopoli/s ( economic p[] ) ! dictators ( life & dea?1 ( peace & w>1 :i* is manife/$ to ! highe/ conceivable degree to-day 9 ! /ates mo/ ass]tive ( _! lead]%ip 9 ! vangu>d ( civilization4 ,i said t ) ! use ( fire came ! enslavem5t ( m52 b gov]nm5t & enslavem5t 7 "o & ! same ?+4 ,nei!r1 h[ev]1 0 z yet dom9ant ov] social life4 ,,xv4 ,,arr[s ,,& ,,e>!nw>e ,! talk+1 fire-us+ an?ropoid 9 ! c\rse ( "t inv5t$ ! b[ & arr[4 ,s great & s endur+ 7 ! b5efits ( ?is new device t x is almo/ impossible = u1 :o h pr(it$ by !m1 to imag9e ! /ate ( human society :5 m5 c\ld kill animals or de/roy enemies only by ?r[+ /ones or clubs1 or by /rik+ ) ! fi/4 ,b x is easy to see t ! *ief ( a tribe ( m5 receiv$ an incalculable increase ( p[] :51 besides ! in/rum5ts ( ignition1 b[s & arr[s 7 9 8 possession to deal out at 8 w4 ,:atev] equality ( initiative & diffus$ sov]eignty _h exi/$ be=e ! use ( fire 0 kn[n1 x n[ began to vani%1 & ! m5 ( any tribe saw p[] conc5trat$ 9 ! w & ^w ( ! *ief & ^? ne>e/ him1 :ile submission to 8 comm& 0 ! condition ( survival4 ,& no d\bt1 ) ! loss ( t individual lib]ty & t self-reliance :i* *>act]ize ! l[] animals1 !re also di$ away a c]ta9 joy\sness & ze/ ( spontane\s self-fulfilm5t1 su* z we obs]ve 9 wild creatures s long z !y are free f hung] & ?ir/ & secure f ! pursuit ( enemies4 ,x 0 p]haps ano!r t5 ?\s& ye>s be=e "o m new l9k 9 ! *a9 ( man's ma/]y ov] ,nature & ! *ief's ma/]y ov] 8 m5 0 =g$4 ,?is "t x 0 probably a woman :o--aga9 by a happy *ance or by necessity ( mat]nal solicitude--notic$ ! effect ( heat ^u clay & introduc$ ! art ( pott]y4 ,until !n m5 _h no ut5sils t c\ld )/& ! action ( fire2 !y c\ld n boil wat] except by dropp+ hot /ones into "s receptacle ( wood or sk94 ,n[1 by ! new device ( boil+1 ! food-supply 0 enorm\sly increas$4 ,! bless+ ( ano!r ma/]y ov] matt] 0 h5ce=? %>$ by all ! memb]s ( ! tribe4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 !re 0 a correspond+ =ce add$ to ! *ief's grip ^u 8 m54 ,we see ! law illu/rat$1 t e new inv5tion1 own$ by ! few1 becomes "o m trap = ! _m4 ,! diff]5tiation betwe5 ! own] ( ! tribe's weal? & ! prop]tyless became ) ! introduction ( pott]y fix$ & hopeless4 ,! ma/] dealt out n only fire & arr[s1 b cook+-ut5sils2 or he )held all ^! if he saw fit2 & if y _h be5 !re1 b n 9 comm&1 y1 too1 w\ld h tamely submitt$ or h di$4 ,,xvi4 ,,animals ,,tam$ ,,& ,,iron ,,smelt$ ,! ^w tamely :i* ,i h j us$1 br+s me to ! next great ev5t :i* mov$ mank9d p]ceptibly ne>] to civilization prop]4 ,x is an ev5t :i* 0 n only a lit]al fact ( prime importance1 b :i* is et]nally a symbol ( man's own fate4 ,x 0 probably fir/ ! dog t l5t himself to ! imag9ation ( ! speak+1 fire-mak+1 arr[-%oot+1 clay-bak+1 an?ropoid ape1 z a /imulus to ! idea t captive animals might be ( s]vice to human be+s4 ,man began to tame n only ! dog1 b ! %eep1 ! ox1 ! camel1 ! goat1 ! horse1 & ! elephant4 ,! ga9 to all ! tribe 0 enorm\s4 ,! m5 all %>$ 9 ! pr(it1 b once m _! ma/] appropriat$ ! new increm5t 9 p[]4 ,he became ! own] ( ! dome/icat$ animals z well z ( ! inanimate pot & arr[ & flame4 ,b at ?is /age x mu/ h seem$ to all ! o!r memb]s ( ! tribe t !y also 7 own$1 s\l & body1 by _! *ief4 ,!y c\ld n help see+1 nor c\ld he1 t !y 7 8 m54 ,& h[ natural x 0 = !m to rejoice 9 ! fact t !y belong$ to "s "o :o 0 mighti] ?an !mselves1 & :o id5tifi$ 8 own prosp]ity ) t ( ! tribe1 & ( e individual 9 x :o s]v$ x accord+ to 8 w4 ,loyalty to ! belov$ community became loyalty to ! *ief4 ,b x is evid5t t :at mank9d _h caus$ to happ5 to ! dog & ! horse1 ! *ief _h accompli%$ 9 reg>d to ! human be+s :o _h come "u 8 p[]4 ,he _h tam$ !m2 !y 7 no long] wild animals4 ,!y _h r5d]$ up individual lib]ty & self-reliant indep5d5ce su* z we see among _m species ( wild bea/s4 ,b in/ead1 z ! price ( ob$i5ce to a w outside _! own1 !y _h receiv$ a ?\s& creature-com=ts4 ,only "o m inv5tion 0 ne$$ to lift !m to ! highe/ & late/ /age ( b>b>ism4 ,"s "o n[ hit ^u ! art ( smelt+ iron--! fir/ inv5tion t _h n directly to d ) ! supply+ ( food4 ,by leaps & b\nds ! art ( smelt+ iron advanc$ man 9 ! equipm5t ( w>1 9 ! build+ ( h\ses1 roads1 & vehicles ( transportation4 ,n[ :at magnific5t returns individuals receiv$ = hav+ surr5d]$ _! orig9al lib]ty to d z !y pleas$6 ,aft] all1 :at w\ld indep5d5t initiative h be5 wor? )\t fire or arr[ or e>!rn kettle1 or c[ or horse or :eel1 or sword & %ield8 ,:o w\ld n h =feit$ ! b>e bir?right ( empty 7al?\gh heal?y7 indep5d5ce = p>ticipation 9 ! ev] ri*] conque/ ov] ! physical res\rces ( ,nature8 ,,xvii4 ,,civilization ,,prop] ,b n[ at la/1 only t5 ?\s& ye>s ago1 ! ev5t occurr$ :i* put =ev] out ( ! "q any possibility ( prud5ce 9 any wayw>dness ( individual :im1 or any deviation f ! rule dictat$ by ! own] ( ?+s4 ,?is "t ! some?+ t happ5$ did n cause an increase ( man's ma/]y ov] physical ,nature4 ,x 01 in/ead1 l t initial inv5tion :i* turn$ apes into m54 ,& aga91 l spok5 language1 x 0 a device to facilitate communication ( m9d ) m9d4 ,9 "s "o ( ! _m gr\ps ( be+s :o _h le>n$ ! use ( fire1 arr[s1 pots1 %eep1 & swords1 "s g5ius hit ^u ! idea ( writt5 signs z a m$ium ( communication ) ^? di/ant 9 space1 & z a means ( p]petuat+ a k ( ! w ( ! dead among 8 survivors4 ,b be x obs]v$ t only ! ma/]1 nev] ! man1 only ! own] ( ?+s1 ! controll] ( circum/ances1 0 9 a position to embody & pres]ve 8 judgm5t & desire 9 writt5 signs4 ,! new art ( writ+ enhanc$ ! p[] ( rul]s1 ( *iefs4 ,! ,ph>aoh1 n ! fellah1 dictat$ ! inscription t 0 to be engrav$4 ,?us all ! rul]s ( ! pa/ 7 n[ able to p]petuate _! p[] by add+ _! sanction to ! ^w ( ! liv+ *ief1 :ile no voice f ! ranks ( ! gov]n$ w\ld be all[$ to immortalize itself 9 writt5 spee*4 ,?is is ! reason t writt5 language introduc$ civilization prop]4 ,!re 0 no long] any *ance = ! wildness ( ! bea/ to crop out4 ,"h began ! empire ( ! dead ov] ! liv+2 b x 0 ! empire ( dead rul]s ov] liv+ slaves4 ,! ma/]y ov] ,nature & ! monopoly ( social p[] !reby became practically inf9ite4 ,! tam]s 7 n[ omnipot5t 9 comp>ison ) ! tam$4 ,x mu/ be notic$ t ! process ( trans=m+ bea/s into citiz5s 0 "o to :i* only ! tam$1 b n ! tam]s1 7 subject$4 ,! rul] /ood outside ( & above ! rule he made4 ,! law 0 = 8 subjects4 ,?is 0 ! case ) ,h5ry ,,viii at ! acme ( civilization z x _h be5 ) ! fir/ ( ! ,ph>aohs4 ,n only ! blond bea/ ( prey1 b ! sw>?y also dictat$ an e?ic = 8 subjects 9 ord] to keep himself 9 asc5dancy4 ,x 0 because ,nietzs*e admir$ all bea/s ( prey & felt contempt = _! victims t he hat$ ,jesus ,*ri/ & pr\dly assum$ ! title ( ,anti-,*ri/4 ,= ,*ri/ _h set up an e?ic :i* enc\rag$ ! victims to prote/ & attempt to w9 back _! primeval initiative1 to take ov] ! sov]eignty :i* _h be5 conc5trat$ 9 ! h&s ( ! mighty & to diffuse x among ! nobodies ( ! tribe4 ,/4 ,luke goes s f> z to ass]t t ev5 be=e ,jesus 0 born 8 ,"m ent]ta9$ levell+ ideas4 ,into h] lips he puts a song 9 :i* %e magnifies ! ,"l because %e believ$ h] ,son w\ld br+ d[n ! mighty & exalt !m ( l[ degree4 ,b alas6 civilization w5t on = fifte5 hundr$ ye>s & succe$$ 9 ty+ ,*ri/ianity to ! *>iot-:eel ( monopoliz$ initiative4 ,,xviii4 ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,,aft] ,,*ri/ ,*ri/ianity _h to wait = some?+ to happ5 t w\ld l5d =ce to its ,gospel4 ,t some?+ did n occur until ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,!n1 z ,i h already said )\t specify+ :at !y 71 a numb] ( un=ese5 ev5ts took place :i* op5$ ! door to ! div9e bridegroom ( humanity4 ,i h said t 9 ! fifte5? c5tury aft] ,*ri/ a new pr9ciple began to "w 9 society2 b ,i did n say t x 0 !n = ! fir/ "t promulgat$4 ,civilization 0 ! organization ( man's ma/]y ov] ,nature on a basis ( self-int]e/2 x 0 ! giv+ only s mu* ( weal? & p[] to ! _m z 0 compatible ) ! ret5tion ( "o's own asc5dancy4 ,to be civiliz$1 !n1 is evid5tly n to be ,*ri/ian any m ?an x is to be ,buddhi/ic or ,judaic1 sociali/ic or democratic4 ,ev]ybody admits t "o c be civiliz$ & be none ( ^! ?+s3 j z "o may be cultur$ )\t be+ k9d4 ,9 o!r words1 x is consi/5t ) be+ civiliz$ to be highly selfi%2 "o ne$ only be rationaliz$ 9 "o's egoism4 ,inde$1 civilization is ! inc>nation ( self-int]e/4 ,if self-int]e/1 its basic pr9ciple1 %\ld give way to social int]e/2 if ! monopoly ( social p[] %\ld be brok5 & ! p[] transf]r$ to ! g5]al w ( ! community2 if ! community %\ld relegate its adm9i/ration to repres5tatives1 b %\ld prev5t ^! by "s social device f ev] usurp+ ! p[] entru/$ to !m1 !n some?+ new--some?+ z diff]5t f civilization z ! air%ip f ! horse-c>t--w\ld h begun to e/abli% itself4 ,a new species ( social ord] c be no?+ o!r ?an an ord] ^: basic pr9ciple is totally new2 & :at great] diff]5ce c\ld exi/ 9 /ructuraliz+ t5d5cies ?an t betwe5 self-int]e/ & ! int]e/ ( ! community8 ,:5ev] ! latt] gets ! upp] h&1 x w be because ,fate1 ! ,cosmos1 ! ,univ]se1 ! =ce )9 unconsci\s evolution1 has caught up ! song ( ! ,magnificat4 ,no su* consummation ( humanity has tak5 place1 b x is und5iable t 9 ! fifte5? c5tury ! ,^w ent]$ l a se$ into ! soil ( ,fact4 ,! ,virg9's prophecy began to fulfil itself4 ,famili> to ev]ybody1 & quickly to be specifi$1 are ! wond]ful ev5ts :i* turn$ ! vision into reality4 ,"o ( ^! ev5ts 0 ! inv5tion ( gunp[d]2 ano!r 0 ! m>9]'s compass2 a ?ird 0 ! inv5tion ( pap]2 a f\r?1 ! pr9t+-press2 a fif? 0 ! discov]y t ! e>? goes r\nd ! sun once a ye>1 & :irls on its own axis once a day2 a six? 0 t indiscretion ( ,*ri/oph] ,columbus1 :]eby in/ead ( ov]-populat$ ,india he op5$ up a way to ! va/ & sp>sely d5iz5$ ,am]icas4 ,^! ev5ts1 ea* & sev]ally & all toge!r1 produc$ 9 "o p>ticul> ! same sort ( effect z ! use ( fire & ( ! b[ & arr[1 ( pott]y1 ! dome/ication ( animals1 & ! smelt+ ( iron3 !y enhanc$ incalculably ! ma/]y ( man ov] matt]4 ,b 9 ! o!r p>ticul> *>act]i/ic ( civilization !y act$ 9 ! v opposite direction f all prec$+ inv5tions4 ,in/ead ( entr5*+ ! ma/] 9 8 monopoly ( social p[]1 in/ead ( fur!r+ ! diff]5tiation ( society into ma/] & man1 !y all play$ into ! h&s ( ! man4 ,= ! fir/ "t s9ce ! beg9n+ ( human evolution1 inv5tions *eck$ ! monopolization ( control ov] o!rs4 ,b ! initiative t n[ fl[$ to ! multitude ( nobodies 0 n t puny fre$om & n>r[ scope ( self-realization :i* ! talk+ ape _h enjoy$4 ,x 0 ! accumulat$ =esight & control ( ! univ]se outside ( man :i* _h be5 /or+ itself up m & m = n9ety ?\s& ye>s 9 ! intellects & wills ( ! favor$ few4 ,! floodgates 7 op5$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ?is godlike en]gy fl[$ 9 among ! p at l>ge1 s t man1 ! _m1 ! multitude1 7 quick5$ by x into hope on e>?1 unto life "h & n[1 into lib]ty1 creative orig9ality1 & ! joy ( self-realization4 ,b x 0 only ! beg9n+3 ! effects ( ! introduction ( gunp[d]1 ! compass1 ! pr9t+-press & pap]1 & ! new ideas ab\t ! heav5s1 & ! op5+-up ( relatively un9habit$ l&s1 7 sc>cely disc]nible = two c5turies1 & !n only z a de/ructive =ce4 ,inde$1 = /ill ano!r hundr$ ye>s ! process 0 "o *iefly ( dis9tegration4 ,!re 0 tak+ place a transf]5ce ( p[] f ! few to ! _m2 a diffusion ( sov]eignty1 z well z a r$i/ribution ( weal?2 & ! *ange 0 accompani$ by an awak5+ ( ! masses to ! mean+ ( ! trans=mation :i* !y 7 und]go+4 ,! p began to realize t ! inv5tion ( gun-p[d] _h rais$ ! peasant z a fight] to ! level ( ! arm$ knight2 t ! compass & ! op5+-up ( ! ,we/]n hemisph]e made x possible = ! poor to escape f ,european ma/]s :om !y 7 unable to vanqui%2 & t ! *eapness ( books 0 l9k+ ! m9ds ( ! masses to ! s\rces ( le>n+ & ( religi\s tradition4 ,x _c b excite our my/ic wond] t = ne>ly "o hundr$ ?\s& ye>s e new ma/]y ( man ov] physical ,nature 0 su* t x inevitably play$ into ! h&s ( rul]s by /r5g!n+ _! monopoly ( initiative2 & t !n1 at la/1 & ev] s9ce ! fifte5? c5tury aft] ,*ri/1 ea* new me*anical inv5tion or discov]y has _h ! un9t5d$ & undesir$ effect ultimately ( scatt]+ among ! _m ! p5t-up p[] ( own]s & rul]s1 & ( creat+ 9 ! _m fre% psy*ic en]gy & a new capacity ( inv5tion4 ,?is great process ( levell+-up took aga9 an enorm\s leap =w>d 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! /eam-eng9e advanc$ x almo/ z mu* z all ! fifte5?-c5tury inv5tions & discov]ies toge!r4 ,! new facilities ( travel br\ght new exp]i5ces1 & ^!1 by ! psy*ological law ( contra/ & novelty1 /imulat$ intellig5ce _m-fold4 ,! new spe$ 9 transportation made x possible = ?\s&s to escape f oppression :]e sc>cely "o _h be5 able to d s 9 =m] g5]ations4 ,! ,iri% peasants began to p\r into ,am]ica2 !n foll[$ ! ,g]mans2 soon ,russians & ,lat9s 7 help$ to leave ! ,old ,_w2 sometimes 9 all came a million-odd 9 "o ye>4 ,weal? 0 multipli$ & scatt]$ to a degree t _h nev] be5 dream$ to be possible4 ,n only 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b 9 ,france1 ,italy1 ,sc&9avia1 ! ,briti% ,empire1 & ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! diffusion ( social initiative 0 tak+ place4 ,fir/1 p[] spread f ! few to ! _m sev]ally2 b n[1 = a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 ! _m1 )\t surr5d]+1 h be5 pool+ _! new p[] 9 ! g5]al w ( ! nation4 ,!re1 9 ! unifi$ & unify+ purpose ( nations l ,am]ica1 & ( ea* ( h] f$]ate ,/ates1 ! p[] is be+ safegu>d$ = ! community & = its memb]s sev]ally by political devices :i* r5d] public s]vants incapable ( prolong$ usurpation4 ,,xix4 ,,civilization ,,faces ,,its ,,successor ,/ill1 ! new ord] is f> f be+ 9 ! asc5dant4 ,z civilization began ) ! introduction ( ! use ( fire1 b 0 n triumphant until ! inv5tion ( writt5 language1 s ! new ord]--call x :at y w3 ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,mean+ ( ,am]ica1 ! ,dream ( ,cali=nia1 ! ,wiscons9 ,idea1 ,social ,democracy1 ,humanity--?is new ord] has only ent]$ 9 z yea/ :i* has n yet _h a *ance to leav5 ! :ole lump4 ,b ! f]m5tation n[ goes on apace4 ,! ,_w-,w> is p]haps be/ und]/ood :5 x is look$ ^u z a /ruggle ( civilization aga9/ its successor4 ,al>m$ & arm$ to ! tee?1 civilization 7appli$ sci5ce organiz$ on a basis ( reason$ self-int]e/7 is attempt+ to exp& itself ov] t]ritory :i* _h be5 preempt$ & mapp$ out by social democracy1 & 0 be+ devot$1 9 ! _s ( ! ideal commonweal? =e%ad[$ 9 ,*ri/ian s5tim5t & ,jewi% prophecy1 to ! co-ord9ation ( weal? & p[] on ! pr9ciple ( def]5ce to ! humanity 9 e man4 ,b m significant ?an ! ,_w-,w> ( ! pass+ away ( ! old ord] & its sup]session by a new are ! t5 or tw5ty inv5tions1 ideas1 discov]ies1 & new social contacts :i* m>k$ ! fir/ decade ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,no d\bt ev5 ! ,_w-,w> has be5 precipitat$ by ! sudd5 inru% ( ^! unprec$5t$ =ces1 & ! realization ( _! tr5d by ! self-c5tr$ lead]s ( civilization4 ,x w\ld seem t ! civiliz$1 anticipat+ a move on ! "p ( ! humaniz$1 & fe>+ an appropriation ( ! b5efits ( new inv5tions1 /ole a m>* ^u ! unsuspect+4 ,! result is1 t we saw at ! outset ( ! w> ! late/ appliances seiz$ ^u by ! uphold]s ( arbitr>y p[]1 & only n[1 aft] ! fir/ %ock ( attack1 are ! build]s ( an e>?ly p>adise demon/rat+ _! ability & int5tion to turn all ! =ces ( ,nature & devices ( reason to ! s]vice ( ea* 9 ! bro!rhood ( ! common life4 ,we are beg9n+ to see1 also1 t e "o ( ! late/ inv5tions is su* 9 its nature t soon victory mu/ come to ! cause ( economic & political equality4 ,ev5 ! *eapness ( motor-c>s w ov]take ! *ampions ( indu/rial monopoly1 :o at ! fir/ us$ !m = ! ho>d+ ( social p[]4 ,! subm>9e c at ! fir/ only be turn$ aga9/ ! fre$om ( ! seas dur+ times ( peace4 ,! a]oplane & ! air%ip1 m ?an any o!r in/rum5ts ( locomotion1 w assi/ 9 ! diffusion ( initiative among all ! outly+ & small nations ( ! e>?4 ,m ?an any?+ else !y w assi/ ! weak & ! meek ( ! e>? to ru% toge!r to "o ano!r's rescue2 & wireless telegraphy1 z soon z x is e/abli%$ univ]sally1 w s\nd to !m ! al>um 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye4 ,all ! new inv5tions are1 z x 71 ,god's detectives = ! expos+ ( ! subtle & disguis$ crimes ( ! great2 or !y are ,god's capta9s = ! mobilization ( ! scatt]$ =ces ( ! meek :5 ! plot ( an oppressor has be5 une>!d4 ,! p ne$ only to realize t ! new inv5tions are by _! v nature break]s ( p[]-monopolies1 9 ord] to f9d 9 !m an irresi/ible inc5tive to rise & act 9 ! cause ( _w-wide democratic initiative4 ,high explosives1 ! gas-eng9e1 ! giant gun1 %eets ( flame1 deadly gases1 all ^! are )9 ! rea* ( ,*ri/'s little ones to encircle _! k+dom-t-is-com+ aga9/ ! attacks ( inhuman humans4 ,! new inv5tions are humanity's de/ructors to annihilate civilization's de/roy]s4 ,i h specifi$ "s ( ! tw5tie? c5tury's inv5tions to %[ t1 l ! compass & ! pr9t+-press1 !y w be scatt]]s ( privileges to ! masses4 ,i might g on indef9itely add+ to ! li/1 b ,i w cite only "o m4 ,x 0 only 9 ! la/ decade ( ! n9ete5? c5tury t a new way ( mak+ *eap pap] 0 discov]$--s *eap t x became possible to sell great dailies = "o c5t4 ,b ?is practice 0 n e/abli%$ until ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,& x 0 only a few ye>s ago t ! greate/ newspap] ( ! _w--& a v /ronghold ( upp]-class monopoly--0 able1 or driv51 to r$uce its price f ?reep5ce 7six c5ts7 to a p5ny4 ,b ,i specify ! case ( ! ,london ,times because1 l a miracle ( div9e heal+1 b entirely due to ! *eapness ( pap]1 is ! *ange ( its policy f t ( brutal imp]ialism to ! democratic "o ( trans=m+ ! ,briti% ,empire into a commonweal? ( equal /ates4 ,n[ t ! ,times has be5 conv]t$1 we may be sure t ! univ]se itself has come r\nd to ! side ( ! "r1 & has tak5 up ! cause ( ! poor4 ,by ! prick+ ( my ?umbs ,i "k t some?+ bett] ?an civilization ?is way comes4 ,dull inde$ mu/ be t man ^: blood does n t+le ) anticipation4 ,yet ! physical inv5tions ( ! tw5tie? c5tury are n to be comp>$ 9 pregnancy ( good ) its less palpable1 its spiritual1 novelties4 ,,xx4 ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,mat]iali/ic ,,view ,,( ,,hi/ory ,be=e pass+1 h[ev]1 f ! physical inv5tions to ! new moral ideas & m5tal contacts1 ,i mu/ int]polate a comm5t to save myself f misund]/&+4 ,g5]ally1 ^? :o trace to me*anical utilities new epo*s 9 ! developm5t ( mank9d proce$ ^u ! mat]iali/ic !ory ( hi/ory4 ,b ?is !ory ,i h 9 no wise committ$ myself to1 = ,i c\nt x to be false4 ,x is true t ,i h trac$ all ! great /eps 9 human advancem5t to physical inv5tions1 b ,i h 9 no ^w impli$ t ! inv5tions !mselves 7 caus$ by any?+ mat]ial :atsoev]4 ,& if !y !mselves 71 z ,i believe1 ! result ( man's m5tal & spiritual activities react+ aga9/ ev5ts1 !n my trac+ ( human advancem5t to !m implies no belief 9 ! mat]iali/ic !ory ( hi/ory4 ,e effect ( ! inv5tions mu/ be set d[n ultimately n to !m1 b to _! causes2 & _! causes 7 m5tal4 ,casually ,i h said z mu*1 9 rem>k+ sev]al times t !y took place by a happy *ance1 or by a /roke ( insight on ! "p ( "s r>e g5ius1 or by ! reaction ( "s m$iocre p]son's intellig5t volition aga9/ "s extraord9>y exp]i5ce :i* made ! idea ( ! inv5tion s obtrusively evid5t t ev5 a m9d n unusually gift$ c\ld sc>cely h avoid$ light+ ^u x4 ,! only phrase ,i h us$ by :i* ,i _c absolutely /& is ! expression by a happy *ance2 = ,i believe t ! m5tal productions ( ea* p]son are due n to uncaus$ *ance1 or to accid5t1 b to tr5ds ( ! social m9d t h be5 set 9 motion by m5tal exig5cies aris+ out ( curr5t ev5ts4 ,z primitive peoples1 h[ev]1 h left no record ( _! m5tal sequ5ces1 we _c say ) confid5ce :at 7 ! exact exp]i5ces t l$ to ! idea ( us+ fire1 or to any o!r device t trans=m$ ! relation ( human be+s to "o ano!r or to _! mat]ial habitat4 ,i only repeat t :atev] caus$ ! inv5tions caus$ all ! remote effects ( ^!1 & t if ! causes ( ! inv5tions 7 m5tal & spiritual1 !n an int]pretation ( hi/ory is n mat]iali/ic m]ely because x traces advancem5t to me*anical utilities4 ,t ,i am "r 9 trac+ ^! to m5tal & spiritual causes is prov$ at lea/ 9 ! case ( rec5t inv5tions4 ,= we "k t _! causes 7 psy*ic2 we "k ! m5tal atmosph]e1 & h[ x arose1 t br\ght =? ! telephone & a]oplane & subm>9e4 ,we "k t ^! 7 n due to physical necessities or to any mat]ial causes4 ,!y arose f ! brood+ ( creative imag9ations discipl9$ 9 a me?od le>n$ by reflection ^u =m] successes 9 discov]y4 ,we also "k 9 :at ma9 p>ticul>s ?is mod]n atmosph]e diff]s f t ( =m] c5turies4 ,b su* que/ions are n g]mane to my c5tral !me1 & s ,i pass !m ov] lightly4 ,let me !n return )\t fur!r delay f ?is digression :i* has be5 made 9 ! int]e/s1 n ( my argum5t1 b ( my self-respect z a /ud5t ( social facts4 ,,xxi4 ,,contact ,,( ,,peoples ,consid]1 = in/ance1 t at ! beg9n+ ( our c5tury1 = ! fir/ "t 9 m ?an fifte5 hundr$ ye>s1 ! ,*ri/ian nations came into contact ) a mighty pagan p[]1 & 7 compell$ to ackn[l$ge x z n only a political1 b a moral1 equal4 ,:oev] kn[s ! magical effect 9 ! quick5+ ( intellectual & spiritual life due to new contact ) a contra/+ type ( national culture w agree t ! meet+ ?us ( ,*ri/5dom ) ! s-call$ hea!n _w is a fact ( prime significance 9 ! hi/ory ( man4 ,nor is x simply ! contact ( hea!n & ,*ri/ian on t]ms ( moral equality4 ,!re is ano!r aspect to ,japan's asc5dancy & h] recognition by ! ,we/4 ,! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ meet at la/4 ,! psy*ic invasion ( ea* by ! o!r mu/ be epo*-mak+ & 9 ! direction ( ! complet5ess & unification spiritually ( all mank9d 9 a bro!rhood ( nations & nation-/ates4 ,! new contact ( hea!n & ,*ri/ian1 & ( :ite & color$1 ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 means t ! exploitation ( ! d>k races by nations m highly organiz$ on a basis ( self-int]e/ is ab\t to cease =ev]4 ,) ! humanization ( ! ,we/ w come ! salvation ( ^? tribes :o nev] divid$ !mselves s absolutely into ! haves & ! h-nots1 or :o nev] atta9$ a high ma/]y ov] ! physical univ]se4 ,are !re p]sons 9 ,am]ica :o say :at1 until ! pres5t w>1 _m 9 ,old ,engl& ?\ght--t !re is no?+ new "u ! sun8 ,!n ,i w\ld call _! att5tion to ! unprec$5t$ & revolution>y "* ( ! contact 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on a basis ( relative political & social equality1 ( immigrants f "s fifty-"o diff]5t nations ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,^! p w mix _! blood1 _! temp]am5ts1 & _! traditions1 & n only w a new v>iety ( human be+ em]ge1 b ! mix+ ( opposites 9 idea & temp]am5t w quick5 self-consci\sness & height5 m5tal p[] & spe$ up its activity4 ,! opportunity ( ! blond bea/s ( prey has la9 9 ! torpor & inactivity & ignorance ( ! multitude4 ,b ,i f9d no torpor 9 ,cali=nia4 ,& :]e !re is no "o t w all[ himself to be prey$ ^u1 ev5 blond bea/s take up ! new ent]prise ( co-op]ation among equals4 ,?is is an inevitable result ( ! contact ( _m v>ieties ( unlikes1 ! unification1 n ( equals1 b ( supplem5t>y equival5ts4 ,:5 su* psy*ic conditions h prevail$ = a c5tury or m1 x is inconceivable t trade c cont9ue to consi/ ( competition betwe5 individuals & ! p]mission ( ! successful to amass & ho>d =tunes4 ,ei!r production & di/ribution w become communal1 or ! community w tax l>ge =tunes into ! /ate & national treasury4 ,b !re are ?ree o!r di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( ! tw5tie? c5tury :i* make = ! replac+ ( civilization by humanization1 & = ! transition ( trade f ! h>%ness ( ! law into ! ab\nd+ grace ( ! gospel4 ,,xxii4 ,,! ,,p[] ,,to ,,transmit ,,human ,,life1 ,,its ,,social ,,control ,fir/1 ! limit+ ( population by ! w ( human individuals4 ,9 ! beg9n+ m5 /ole fire f ! gods2 b life !y all[$ ! ,almighty to cont9ue to disp5se at 8 own inscrutable pleasure1 :ile !y rema9$ 8 pleas$ b puzzl$ ag5ts 9 its transmission4 ,x 0 only 9 ! eighties ( ! la/ c5tury1 aft] a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s1 t man hit ^u ! idea & ! practice ( controll+ life z he _h controll$ fire4 ,f ! beg9n+1 he _h plant$ ! fire-se$ accord+ to 8 own purpose & social ne$4 ,& n[ at la/ he has come to look ^u ! life-se$ z n simply 9 8 keep+ z a tru/ = ano!r1 b z 8 own prop]ty to control 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 own future4 ,c human audacity rea* high]8 ,c ! assumption ( div9e & creative responsibility by man out-/rip ?is late/ act ( self-gov]nm5t8 ,f bea/ to citiz51 did we say8 ,b h we n f\nd ! process dur+ ! la/ f\r hundr$ ye>s to be f citiz5%ip to god%ip1 f creature to creator8 ,x 0 "o ( y\r ,am]ican re=m]s :o entitl$ a book ,man z ,social ,creator4 ,f bea/ to citiz5 seem$ dull en\gh2 b f citiz5 to ,god--:at intoxication ( ze/ does ?is ?\ght eng5d]6 ,c ! creature d>e x8 ,is ?is ! great v5ture8 ,is ?is ! mean+ ( ! travail ( ! ages8 ,or is x only a process f citiz5 to man1 f tam$ bea/ to free _s feel+ ! ,s\l ( ,all at ! inmo/ c5tre ( himself1 & f9d+ ! means at la/ ( inc>nat+ t s\l 9 ! community1 9 politics1 trade1 & dome/ic life8 ,h[soev] ! new facts & ! new] outlook are to be int]pret$1 x becomes q cle> t if civilization 0 ! tam+ ( bea/s1 some?+ t is n civilization has begun to ass]t itself4 ,! lib]at+ ( citiz5s1 z x moves to triumphant atta9m5t1 mu/ scrap _m an in/itution1 _m a habit1 & set up ! rev]se ( _m a rule ( conduct4 ,we h inde$ rea*$ a new era1 "o :i* is n t ( tam+ animals1 :5 "y wom5 c--& "k t !y c--z w>-brides /rike aga9/ ! labor ( mat]nity & aga9/ ! =ese5 horror ( a fate = "o's (fspr+ su* z !y w\ld nev] *oose = ! fruit ( _! love4 ,b1 secondly1 close ^u ! inv5tion ( means = controll+ ! transmission ( life has foll[$ ! idea t ?is control %all n re/ ) ! individuals mo/ intimately conc]n$1 b ) ! w ( ! community--( ! nation--( f$]at$ humanity4 ,if a man has no exclusive "r to d z he pleases ) 8 p[] ( labor1 to )hold x or direct x irrespective ( ! g5]al welf>e & ! w ( ! commonweal1 h[ mu* less1 say ! advocates ( eug5ic m>riage1 %all m5 & wom5 be p]mitt$ to foll[ _! own :im & _! selfi% pleasure z reg>ds ! use or wa/e ( ! p[] to communicate life8 ,?is new doctr9e t m5 are only tru/ees = ! nation & po/]ity 9 _! c5tral p[] to control ! future quantity & quality ( human be+s :om !y may br+ into exi/5ce1 recognizes no division ( society into ! tam$ & ! tam]s4 ,!re is no class sugge/$ ( monopoli/s ( social p[] :o w regulate ! re/ ( ! community1 z ! own] ( cattle controls ! bre$+ ( !m4 ,! g5]al w ( ! community1 adm9i/]$ "u diffus$ public op9ion & ?r\gh ! educat$ judgm5t ( ! individual himself1 w decide4 ,only 9 cases ( :at are agre$ to be d[nright crimes w ! law /ep 9 to condemn & prev5t1 & !n only ?r\gh ag5ts :o are directly acc\ntable to an enlight5$ & al]t public op9ion4 ,! reta9+ ( ?is new ma/]y ( man ov] ! quantity & quality ( human life1 by ! communal consci5ce aga9/ all monopoli/s1 is ! transc5d5t feature ( ! new ord]4 ,b if ?is be s1 !n trade1 our sy/em ( produc+ & di/ribut+ weal?1 ceases to be m]ely a "q ( ! control ( labor & becomes a "q ( ! control ( ! transmission ( human life4 ,su* control might h be5 acc\nt$ a possible privilege among ,virg9ian bre$]s ( slaves4 ,b s to reg>d x seems mon/r\s1 n[ t *attel slav]y has be5 univ]sally condemn$1 ?anks to ! triumphant levell]s ( ! la/ hundr$ ye>s4 ,:at is m1 all trade is beg9n+ to be reg>d$ z a "q ultimately1 n ( ! manufacture ( ma*9es & _! products1 nor ( ! propagation ( plants & animals1 b ( ! begett+ ( spiritual ag5ts1 :o 9 _! turn are to become ! mak]s & ma/]s ( ! univ]se 9 :i* !y are to live4 ,! ?ird *>act]i/ic ev5t ( our c5tury :i* is to help u to sl\gh (f civilization1 z our ance/ors t5 ?\s& ye>s ago rid !mselves ( ! wild-bea/ features ( b>b>ism & savag]y1 is ! awak5+ ( wom54 ,_! claim to social initiative & responsibility is ! extreme/ possible rea* ( democratic self-ass]tion4 ,! rem>kable peculi>ity ( _! entrance into trade is n1 h[ev]1 t !y are wom51 b t !y are ! "o half ( mank9d :o h nev] work$ = hire1 b always f love1 & :o h desir$ ! wage less ?an ! approval ( ^? !y s]v$4 ,! morals ( trade1 z x has exi/$ "u ! relation ( ma/] to wage-e>n]1 ev5 ! e?ics ( trades-unionism1 _c survive ! c5sure ( wom51 :o on o!r pr9ciples dem& = !mselves ! "r ( ma9t5ance by ! /ate to protect !m 9 ! be>+ & re>+ ( *ildr5 & ! mak+ ( homes1 & ! nurs+ ( ! w\nd$ & ! sick4 ,n[ t wom5 no long] all[ !mselves z social ag5ts to be ignor$1 !y w insi/ t n only ! morals ( m>riage & ( democratic relations mu/ become humane1 b t all trade1 z well z all legislation1 mu/ be guid$ by ! eug5ic motive4 ,,xxiii4 ,,=eign ,,trade ,,! ,,begett] ,,( ,,w>s ,i h presum$ to say t mod]n trade discloses civilization 9 its acute/ =m4 ,! /rict sobriety ( ?is ass]tion we _c1 p]haps1 appreciate to ! full1 unless we note ! relation ( trade dur+ ! la/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s to aggressive w>f>e4 ,!re prevails 9 ! public m9d ! false notion t someh[ peace & trade are ak9 9 _s & id5tical 9 _! int]e/s4 ,?is notion has be5 assidu\sly foi/$ ^u ! public by k+s ( indu/ry & "s pr(essors ( sociology1 :o possibly believe t x is true4 ,b ! facts ( hi/ory prove t e great w> dur+ ! la/ ?ree c5turies has be5 und]tak5 9 ! s]vice ( =eign trad]s1 :o call ^u _! gov]nm5t to back _! claims4 ,accord+ to ,sir ,john ,seeley1 ! greate/ political hi/orian ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 =eign trade & mod]n w> h always be5 "o & ! same ?+4 ,"s small nation-/ate res5t$ ! adv5t & me?ods ( ! =eign trad]s1 & began to prep>e = self-def5ce1 ass]t+ t x wi%$ to be left alone1 & t x meant to def5d its own sacr$ traditions4 ,?is ! gov]nm5t t back$ ! trad]s w\ld n p]mit1 & a cla% ( arms ensu$4 ,or two rival sets ( =eign]s 7 jeal\s ( ea* o!r 9 _! ef=t to possess "o & ! same m>ket & induc$ _! respective gov]nm5ts to spr+ at ea* o!r's ?roats4 ,"u su* circum/ances w> does n always arise1 because ! m]e %[ ( va/ly sup]ior might is (t5 suffici5t to compel imm$iate submission4 ,su* 0 ! case :5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahec exhibit$ 9 ! h>bors ( bewild]$ & t]rifi$ ,japan a fleet ( great /eam%ips4 ,! ?reat5$ nation1 hav+ admitt$ no =eign]s s9ce ! ,jesuits 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury plott$ aga9/ its political indep5d5ce1 & n kn[+ h[ to use /eam to propel eng9es1 saw t !re 0 no alt]native to viol5t conque/ by _! un9vit$ gue/s b peaceful submission on _! own "p4 ,su* peace1 h[ev]1 is n ! holy ?+ :i* "s p]sons decl>e all peace to be4 ,:5 a man holds up 8 h&s 9 answ] to ! *all5ge ( a highway robb]1 blood%$ is avoid$2 b ! outrage is none ! less dete/able because p]fect quiet prevails4 ,nor is x ! k9d ( social calm :i* ! angels meant :5 !y proclaim$ peace on e>? to m5 ( good w4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is t /illness ( un*all5g$ iniquity ( :i* our ,"l express$ 8 m5ac+ hate :5 ,he decl>$ t ,he came n to br+ peace b a sword4 ,trade illu/rates civilization 9 its highe/ degree ( intellig5ce & elaboration2 & =eign trade is only trade 9 its wide/ transactions4 ,b =eign trade be+ ! cause ( all w>1 ! only way to end w>f>e is to displace civilization by a sy/em ( weal? produc$ & di/ribut$ "u communal control4 ,!n comm]ce w no long] be inspir$ by ! f9ancial int]e/ ( private inve/ors1 b by ! total welf>e ( ! :ole p ( ! nation4 ,b ,i h t\*$ ^u ! id5tity ( w> & trade only to %[ _! vital connection ) civilization z a :ole4 ,,xxiv4 ,,! ,,opposite ,,( ,a ,,return ,,to ,,nature ,civilization is /ill advanc+ by leaps & b\nds4 ,nev]!less1 at ! same "t1 ) a great] accel]ation ( developm5t1 ! m5 are *eckmat+ ! ma/] & transf]r+ control & initiative to ! w ( ! commonweal?4 ,at lea/1 n o!rwise am ,i able to int]pret ! new def]5ce = nationality :i* has be5 ar\s$ 9 prote/ aga9/ aggressive milit>ism2 nor ! k9d ( indu/rial legislation t has be5 enact$ dur+ ! la/ decade 9 ,cali=nia & o!r we/]n /ates1 9 ,new ,zeal& & ,au/ralia1 & ev5 9 ,italy & ,engl&4 ,x all means t ! new inv5tions1 al?\gh at fir/ seiz$ ^u by monopoli/s1 are se5 to be su* z to provide *annels ?r\gh :i* ! p5t-up in/9cts & hopes ( ! masses c act ) conc]t$ p[]4 ,x means t also political ma*9]y is be+ devis$ = secur+ ! public welf>e & protect+ opportunities = individual g5ius & tal5t4 ,no man asks = m4 ,! _w ov] we h rea*$ ! ?re%old ( collective democracy1 :]e9 ! consum+ ( mat]ial weal? w be %>$ ) approximate equality & :]e9 social control w be reta9$ by ! collective w1 to safegu>d individual initiative1 & w be adm9i/]$ by public s]vants :o h prov$ _! sup]ior ability1 b :o rema9 subject to almo/ in/antane\s recall4 ,su* a sub/itute = civilization1 h[ev]1 is ! opposite ( a return to ! individualism ( ,nature or to a primeval communism4 ,x presupposes ! highe/ ma/]y ( man ov] matt] & social unity among all mank9d co-op]at+ z nation-/ates & f$]ations ( /ates4 ,z reg>ds ext]nal gov]nm5t & law1 x is ! anti!sis ( ,mr4 ,c>p5t]'s proposal t !y %\ld disappe>1 because !y are ! trave/y ( inw>d gov]nm5t & ord]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i hope t ext]nal gov]nm5t1 animat$ by ! g5]al w ( a social democratic commonweal? & ve/$ 9 repres5tatives s5sitively acc\ntable to an al]t & intellig5t public op9ion1 w appe> to my li/5]s n z a trave/y1 b z ! v inc>nation ( t inw>d gov]nm5t & ord] :i* e individual man mu/ feel to be ! law ( 8 own be+ unless he has lo/ 8 manhood's c5trality4 ,a cru%+ indictm5t ( ,mr4 ,c>p5t]'s mod]n movem5t back to ,nature is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t x has decl9$ in/ead ( advanc+ dur+ ! tw5ty-six ye>s s9ce he wrote4 ,probably few] p]sons 9 ,engl& prea* salvation by s&als & sunba?s to-day ?an did a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago1 :ile ! s&als !mselves & sunba?s h become b items among ! g5]al products ( indu/ry & gov]nm5tal hygi5e4 ,! sunba? is only "o ( ! _m rem$ies prescrib$ to ! poor by doctors impanell$ by ! ,briti% /ate1 & ! s&als are bett] made by ma*9]y ?an by ! h&s ( poetic h]mits4 ,b :ile ! vision ( philosophical an>*y has be5 fad+ away1 :ole nations on a gigantic scale h be5 subject+ ! p[] ( tru/s & monopolies to ! g5]al w ( ! community4 ,9 ,am]ica y h *ang$ y\r f$]al law & _m ( y\r /ate con/itutions1 9 ord] t ! "r ( ! common w to dictate may be unque/ion$1 & t no occasion = lawless viol5ce ne$ ev] arise ?r\gh any legal b>ri] to ! full ass]tion ( ! m9d ( ! common life4 ,s 9 e p>ticul> ( 8 cure = civilization ,mr4 ,c>p5t]'s wor%ip ( savag]y & b>b>ism is be+ reject$ z fanta/ic4 ,we may return to uncook$ fruits & gra9s4 ,b :at a task = ! mo/ highly develop$ indu/rial /ate1 to raise & di/ribute an adequate supply ( grapes1 apples1 & nuts ! ye> r\nd = ! #a1jjj1jjj1jjj inhabitants ( ! globe6 ,:at a call = _m wiz>ds ( ,cali=nia to produce new species ( lusci\s edibles6 ,x w\ld seem to me t ! curse ( civilization has la9 9 ! direction ( too little ( ei!r cook$ or uncook$ food1 in/ead ( too mu*4 ,if ! common p are to come into _! own1 trade 9 e necessity & luxury mu/ be m highly integrat$4 ,! diff]5ce ( ! new era z reg>ds =eign comm]ce w *iefly be t nations z a :ole by _! gov]nm5ts w conduct x in/ead ( private trad]s4 ,9 o!r words1 =eign trade w be nationaliz$1 9 ! way t social democrats h long dem&$ t l& & capital %\ld be4 ,! community w own & control x ?r\gh /ate ag5ts = ! common welf>e4 ,no?+ ( good :i* civilization has br\ght =? w be lo/1 nor w ! organization ( weal? be relax$4 ,ma*9]y w be multipli$ a ?\s&fold4 ,l ! human body itself1 social life mu/ become z complex z x c )\t los+ its c5trality4 ,be x rememb]$ t ! truly simple life is n ga9$ by meagr5ess ( possessions & int]e/s1 b by s+l5ess ( aim controll+ a seem+ly inf9ite numb] ( detail$ means4 ,b ?is unity dom9at+ a multiplicity ( int]e/s is atta9able only ?r\gh ! entire me*anism ( ext]nal gov]nm5t4 ,& aga91 z ! man resides 9 all ! organs ( ! body1 b is himself no organ1 & z by ! c5tral unity ( 8 life-en]gy is able to ru% ! :ite corpuscles to any "p t is w\nd$ or poison$1 s ! g5]al w1 ! community-self ( ! social democratic /ate1 is beg9n+ to direct all ! heal+ ag5cies 9 ! body politic to ! rescue ( ! un=tunate4 ,su* b5efic5ce & b5evol5ce1 sy/ematiz$ & al]t1 is m ?an civilization4 ,x is ,*ri/ianity1 x is ! do+ unto ! lea/ ( "o's fell[-m5 :at self-int]e/ prompts "o nev] to d2 b its p[] is equal to ! r$emptive goodness t inspires x4 ,9 motive & me?od x is n bus9ess1 x is diff]5t f trade2 = x is a prog5y ( pity4 ,b nev]!less1 x is socializ$ weal? & appli$ sci5ce & politics4 ,x is gov]nm5t by ! gov]n$4 ,:5 civilization has be5 sup]s$$ by ?is democratic process1 :i* 9 our c5tury is advanc+ at su* rapid gait1 !re w surely be 9 ! sph]e ( religion no m return to ,nature ?an 9 t ( economics4 ,!re w be no m ! wor%ip ( any "o in/9ct or organ1 or any ext]nal object or ag5t4 ,h[ c\ld ,c>p5t] h s f> =gott5 8 own def9ition ( heal? z to applaud ! primitive rituali/ic wor%ip ( ! glories ( ! human body & ! procession ( ! />s8 ,t ritual 0 itself ! symptom ( ! break-up ( man's "* into multiplicity1 & ! insubord9ation ( specific organs4 ,surely :5 man has ga9$ c5trality ( heal?1 he w wor%ip ! unify+ w :i* is dom9ant :5ev] heal? prevails4 ,he w adore ! _s :i* makes ! _m "o4 ,b m5 w nev] ga9 t c5trality ( heal? until !y h e/abli%$ ?is wor%ip ( ! "o he>t t beats 9 e human brea/ &1 be+ inspir$ ) religi\s passion = x1 h br\ght ! entire economic ord] into con=mity ) its behe/s4 ,! ,riv]side ,press ,,cambridge ,,massa*usetts ,u ,s ,a