,transcriber's ,note3 ,this text is intended for users whose text readers cannot use the real 7,unicode_/,,utf-#h7 version4 ,in the ,latin text1 the oe diphthong is shown as oe to distinguish it from the two-vowel sequence oe 7coeuntia74 ,the asterism used in the advertising section is shown as 9999994 ,the ,prosody section uses letters with macrons and breves 7long and short marks74 ,in this section only1 vowels with macron are shown as ,,capitals1 while vowels with breve are shown in braces4 ,long vowels that are already capitalized 7very rare7 are shown in brackets4 ,this book was written in #ahdj4 ,it includes material that may be offensive to some readers4 ,students should be cautioned that the book predates ,new ,style 7classical7 pronunciation4 ,note in particular the pronunciation of j 7,never jam today7 and of all vowels 7,yes1 you ,can-u-leia74 ,in the main text1 boldface type is shown in marks4 ,in the advertising section at the end1 the same marks represent sans-serif type4 ,typographical errors are listed at the end of the text1 along with some general notes4 ,frontispiece3 ,painted and ,engraved by ,john ,leech1 ,r4,c4,a4 ,,the ,,comic ,,latin ,,grammar2 ,a new and facetious ,introduction to the ,,latin ,,tongue4 ,with ,numerous ,illustrations4 ,the ,second ,edition4 ,london3 ,,charles ,,tilt1 ,,fleet ,,street4 ,,mdcccxl4 ,coe1 ,printer1 #bg1 ,old ,change1 ,st4 ,paul's4 ,,advertisement ,,to ,,the ,,second ,,edition4 ,the ,author of this little work cannot allow a second edition of it to go forth to the world1 unaccompanied by a few words of apology1 he being desirous of imitating1 in every respect1 the example of distinguished writers4 ,he begs that so much as the consciousness of being answerable for a great deal of nonsense1 usually prompts a man to say1 in the hope of disarming criticism1 may be considered to have been said already4 ,but he particularly requests that the want of additions to his book may be excused2 and pleads1 in arrest of judgment1 his numerous and absorbing avocations4 ,wishing to atone as much as possible for this deficiency1 and prevailed upon by the importunity of his friends1 he has allowed a portrait of himself1 by that eminent artist1 ,mr4 ,john ,leech1 to whom he is indebted for the embellishments1 and very probably for the sale of the book1 to be presented1 facing the title-page1 to the public4 ,here again he has been influenced by the wish to comply with the requisitions of custom1 and the disinclination to appear odd1 whimsical1 or peculiar4 ,on the admirable sketch itself1 bare justice requires that he should speak somewhat in detail4 ,the likeness he is told1 he fears by too partial admirers1 is excellent4 ,the principle on which it has been executed1 that of investing with an ideal magnitude1 the proportions of nature1 is plainly1 from what we observe in heroic poetry1 painting1 and sculpture1 the soul itself of the superhuman and sublime4 ,of the justness of the metaphorical compliment implied in the delineation of the head1 it is not for the author to speak2 of its exquisiteness and delicacy1 his sense is too strong for expression4 ,the habitual pensiveness of the elevated eyebrows1 mingled with the momentary gaiety of the rest of the countenance1 is one of the most successful points in the picture1 and is as true to nature as it is indicative of art4 ,the ,author's tailor1 though there are certain reasons why his name should not appear in print1 desires to express his obligation to the talented artist for the very favourable impression which1 without prejudice to truth1 has been given to the public of his skill4 ,the ease so conspicuous in the management of the surtout1 and the thought so remarkable in the treatment of the trousers1 fully warrant his admiration and gratitude4 ,too great praise cannot be bestowed on the boots1 considered with reference to art1 though in this respect the ,author is quite sensible that both himself and the maker of their originals have been greatly flattered4 ,he is also perfectly aware that there is a degree of neatness1 elegance1 and spirit in the tie of the cravat1 to which he has in reality never yet been able to attain4 ,in conclusion1 he is much gratified by the taste displayed in furnishing him with so handsome a walking stick2 and he assures all whom it may concern1 that the hint thus bestowed will not be lost upon him2 for he intends immediately to relinquish the large oaken cudgel which he has hitherto been accustomed to carry1 and to appear1 in every respect1 to the present generation1 such as he will descend to posterity4 ,,preface4 ,a great book1 says an old proverb1 is a great evil2 and a great preface1 says a new one1 is a great bore4 ,it is not1 therefore1 our intention to expatiate largely on the present occasion2 especially since a long discourse prefixed to a small volume1 is like a forty-eight pounder at the door of a pig-stye4 ,we should as soon think of erecting the ,nelson ,memorial in front of ,buckingham ,palace4 ,indeed1 were it not necessary to show some kind of respect to fashion1 we should hasten at once into the midst of things1 instead of trespassing on the patience of our readers1 and possibly1 trifling with their time4 ,we should not like to be kept waiting at a ,lord ,mayor's feast by a long description of the bill of fare4 ,our preface1 however1 shall at least have the merit of novelty2 it shall be candid4 ,this book1 like the razors in ,dr4 ,wolcot's story1 is made to sell4 ,this last word has a rather equivocal meaning-- but we scorn to blot1 otherwise we should say to be sold4 ,an article offered for sale may1 nevertheless1 be worth buying2 and it is hoped that the resemblance between the aforesaid razors1 and this our production1 does not extend to the respective sharpness of the commodities4 ,the razors proved scarcely worth a farthing to the clown who bought them for eighteen-pence1 and were fit to shave nothing but the beard of an oyster4 ,we trust that the ,comic ,latin ,grammar will be found to cut1 now and then1 rather better1 at least1 than that comes to2 and that it will reward the purchaser1 at any rate1 with his pennyworth for his penny1 by its genuine bon fide contents4 ,there are many works1 the pages of which contain a good deal of useful matter-- sometimes in the shape of an ounce of tea or a pound of butter3 we venture to indulge the expectation1 that these latter additions to the value of our own1 will be considered unnecessary4 ,perhaps we should have adopted the title of ,latin in sport made learning in earnest-- which would give a tolerable idea of the nature of our undertaking4 ,the doctrine1 it is true1 may bear the same relation to the lighter matter1 that the bread in ,falstaff's private account did to the liquor2 though if we have given our reader a deal of sack1 we wish it may not be altogether intolerable4 ,latin1 however1 is a great deal less like bread1 to most boys1 than it is like physic2 especially antimony1 ipecacuanha1 and similar medicines4 ,it ought1 therefore1 to be given in something palatable1 and capable of causing it to be retained by the-- mind-- in what physicians call a pleasant vehicle4 ,this we have endeavoured to invent-- and if we have disguised the flavour of the drugs without destroying their virtues1 we shall have entirely accomplished our design4 ,there are a few particularly nasty pills1 draughts1 and boluses1 which we could find no means of sweetening2 and with which1 on that account1 we have not attempted to meddle4 ,for these omissions we must request some little indulgence4 ,our performance is confessedly imperfect1 but be it remembered1 that ,men rather do their broken weapons use1 ,than their bare hands4 ,the ,comic ,latin ,grammar can1 certainly1 never be called an imposition1 as another ,latin ,grammar frequently is4 ,we remember having had the whole of it to learn at school1 besides being-- no matter what-- for pinning a cracker to the master's coat-tail4 ,the above hint is worthy the attention of boys2 nor will the following1 probably1 be thrown away upon school-masters1 particularly such as reside in the north of ,england4 ,laugh and grow fat1 is an ancient and a true maxim4 ,now1 will not the ,comic ,latin ,grammar1 7like ,scotch marmalade and ,yarmouth bloaters7 form a desirable addition to the breakfast of the young gentlemen entrusted to their care8 ,we dare not say much of its superseding the use of the cane1 as we hold all old established customs in the utmost reverence and respect2 and1 besides1 have no wish to deprive any one of innocent amusement4 ,we would only suggest1 that flagellation is now sometimes necessary1 and that whatever tends to render it optional may1 now and then1 save trouble4 ,one word in conclusion4 ,the march of intellect is not confined to the male sex2 the fairer part of the creation are now augmenting by their numbers1 and adorning by their countenance1 the scientific and literary train4 ,but the path of learning is sometimes too rugged for their tender feet4 ,we pretend not to strew it for them with roses2 we are not poetically given-- nay1 we cannot even promise them a ,brussels carpet2-- but if a plain ,kidderminster will serve their turn1 we here display one for their accommodation1 that thus smoothly and pleasantly they may make their safe ascent to the temple of ,minerva and the ,muses4 ,,introduction4 ,very little introductory matter would probably be sufficient to place the rising generation on terms of the most perfect familiarity with a ,comic ,latin ,grammar4 ,to the elder and middle-aged portion of the community1 however1 the very notion of such a work may seem in the highest degree preposterous2 if not indicative of a degree of presumptuous irreverence on the part of the author little short of literary high treason1 if not commensurate1 in point of moral delinquency1 with the same crime as defined by the common law of ,england4 ,it is out of consideration for the praiseworthy1 though perhaps erroneous1 feelings of such respectable personages1 that we proceed to make the following preliminary remarks2 wherein it will be our object1 by demonstrating the necessity which exists for such a publication as the present1 to exonerate ourselves from all blame on the score of its production4 ,when we consider the progress of civilization and refinement1 we find that all ages have in turn been characterized by some one distinctive peculiarity or other4 ,to say nothing of the ,golden ,age1 the ,silver ,age1 the ,iron ,age1 and so forth1 which1 with all possible respect for the poets1 can scarcely be said to be worth much in a grave argument2 it is quite clear that the ,augustan ,age1 the ,middle ,ages1 the ,elizabethan ,age1 and the ,age of ,queen ,anne1 were all of them very different1 one from the other1 in regard to the peculiar tone of feeling which distinguished the public mind in each of them4 ,in like manner1 the present 7which will hereafter probably be called the ,victorian ,age7 is very unlike all that have preceded it4 ,it may be termed the ,age of ,comicality4 ,not but that some traces of comic feeling1 inherent as it is in the very nature of man1 have not at all times been more or less observable2 but it is only of late years that the ludicrous capabilities of the human mind have expanded in their fullest vigour4 ,comicality has heretofore been evinced only1 as it were1 in isolated sparks and flashes1 instead of that full blaze of meridian splendour which now pervades the entire mechanism of society1 and illuminates all the transactions of life4 ,thus in the ,golden ,age1 there was something very comical in human creatures eating acorns1 like pigs4 ,the ,augustan ,age was comical enough1 if we may trust some of ,horace's satires4 ,much comicality was displayed in the ,middle ,ages1 in the proceedings of the knights errant1 the doings in ,palestine1 and the mode adopted by the priests of inculcating religion on the minds of the people4 ,in the ,elizabethan ,age several comic incidents occurred at court2 particularly when any of the courtiers were guilty of personal impertinence to their virgin queen4 ,it must have been very comical to see ,shakspere holding stirrups like an ostler1 or performing the part of the ,ghost1 in his own play of ,hamlet4 ,the dress worn in ,queen ,anne's time1 and that of the first ,georges1 was very comical indeed-- but enough of this4 ,our concern is with the present time-- the funniest epoch1 beyond all comparison1 in the history of the world4 ,some few years back1 the minds of nations1 convulsed with the great political revolutions then taking place1 were in a mood by no means apt to be gratified by whimsicality and merriment4 ,furthermore1 certain poets of the lack-a-daisical school1 such as ,byron1 ,shelley1 ,goethe1 and others1 writing in conformity with the prevailing taste of the day1 threw a wet blanket on the spirits of men1 which all but extinguished the feeble embers of mirth1 upon which 'shocking events' had exercised so pernicious an influence already3 or1 to change a vulgar for a scientific metaphor1 they placed such a pressure of sentimental atmosphere on the common stock of laughing gas1 as to convert it into a mere fluid1 and almost to solidify it altogether4 ,it is now exhibiting the amazing amount of expansive force1 which under favourable circumstances it is capable of exerting4 ,many causes have combined to bring about the happy state of things under which we now live4 ,amongst these1 the exertions of individuals hold the first rank2 of whom the veteran ,liston1 the late lamented ,mr4 ,john ,reeve1 the facetious ,keeley1 and the inimitable ,buckstone1 are deserving of our highest commendation4 ,and more especially is praise due to the talented author of the ,pickwick ,papers1 whose genius has convulsed the sides of thousands1 has revolutionized the republic of letters 7making1 no doubt1 a great many sovereigns7 and has become1 as it were1 a mirror1 which will reflect to all posterity the laughter-loving spirit of his age4 ,but it is not 7as we have before remarked7 in literature alone1 that the tendency to the ludicrous is shewn4 ,in many recent scientific speculations it is strikingly and abundantly obvious-- some of those on geology may be quoted as examples4 ,the offspring of the sciences-- those pledges of affection which they present to art1 almost all of them1 come into the world with a caricature-like smirk upon their faces4 ,air-balloons and rail-roads have something funny about them2 and photogenic drawings are1 to say the least1 very curious4 ,the learned professions are all tinged with drollery4 ,the law is confessedly ridiculous from beginning to end1 and what is very strange1 is that no one should attempt to make it otherwise4 ,medicine is comical-- or rather tragi-comical-- the disparity of opinion among its professors1 the chaotic state of its principles1 and the conduct of its students being considered4 ,no one can deny that the distribution of church property is somewhat odd1 or can assert that the doings-- at least of those who are destined for the clerical office1 are now and then of rather a strange character4 ,political meetings are very laughable things1 when we reflect upon the strong asseverations of patriotism there made and believed4 ,the wisdom of the legislature is by no means of the gravest class1 particularly when it offers municipal reforms as a substitute for bread4 ,the debates in a certain ,house must be of a very humourous character1 if we may judge from the frequent hear hear1 and a laugh1 by which the proceedings there are interrupted4 ,our risible faculties are continually called into action at public lectures of all kinds2 and indeed1 no lecturer1 however learned he may be1 has much chance now-a-days of instructing1 unless he can also amuse his audience4 ,nor can the various public and even private buildings1 which are daily springing up around us1 like so many mushrooms1 be contemplated without considerable emotions of mirthfulness4 ,the new style of ecclesiastical architecture1 entitled the ,cockney-,gothic1 affords a good illustration of this remark2 but the comic ,temple of the ,fine ,arts1 in ,trafalgar ,square1 is what ,lord ,bacon would have called a glaring instance of its correctness4 ,the occurrences of the day bear all of them the stamp of facetiousness4 ,the vote of approbation1 lately passed on a certain course of policy1 is a capital joke2 the tricks that are constantly played off upon ,john ,bull by the ,russians1 ,french1 ,yankees1 and others1 though somewhat impertinent to the aforesaid ,john1 must seem very diverting to lookers on4 ,the state of the ,drama may also be brought forward in proof of our position4 ,tragedies are at a discount2 farces are at a premium2 lions1 nay goats and monkeys1 are pressed into the service of ,momus4 ,even the various institutions for the advancement of morals have not escaped the influence of the prevailing taste4 ,to mention that respectable body of men1 the ,teetotallers1 is sufficient of itself to excite a smile4 ,in short1 look wherever you will1 you will find it a matter of the greatest difficulty to keep your countenance4 ,the truth is1 that people are tired of crying1 and find it much more agreeable to laugh4 ,the sublime is out of fashion2 the ridiculous is in vogue4 ,a turn-up nose is now a more interesting object than a turn-down collar2 and if it should be urged that the flowing locks of our young men are indicative of sentimentality by their length1 let it be remembered that they are in general quite unaccompanied by a corresponding quality of face4 ,it has been said that the schoolmaster is abroad3-- true2 but he is walking arm and arm with the ,merry-,andrew2 and the members1 presidents1 and secretaries of mechanics' institutions1 and associations for the advancement of everything1 follow in his train4 ,nothing can be taught that is not palatable1 and nothing is now palatable but what is funny4 ,that boys should be instructed in the ,latin language will be denied by few 7although by some eccentric persons this has been done72 that they can be expected to learn what they cannot laugh at will1 to all reflecting minds1 especially on perusing the foregoing considerations1 appear in the highest degree unreasonable4 ,to conclude3-- let all such as are disposed to stare at the title of our work1 ponder attentively on what we have said above2 let them1 in the language of the farce1 put this and that together1 and they will at once perceive the beneficial effect1 which holding up the ,latin ,grammar to ridicule is likely to produce in the minds of youth4 ,so much for the satisfaction of our senior readers4 ,and now1 no longer to detain our juvenile friends1 let us proceed to business1 or pleasure1 or both3-- we will not stand upon ceremony with respect to terms4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,schoolmaster ,,abroad4 ,,the ,,comic ,,latin ,,grammar4 ,of ,latin there are three kinds3 ,latin ,proper1 or good ,latin2 ,dog ,latin2 and ,thieves' ,latin1 ,latin ,proper1 or good ,latin1 is the language which was spoken by the ancient ,romans4 ,dog ,latin is the ,latin in which boys compose their first verses and themes1 and which is occasionally employed at the ,universities of ,oxford and ,cambridge1 but much more frequently at ,edinburgh1 ,aberdeen1 and ,glasgow4 ,it includes ,medical ,latin1 and ,law ,latin2 though these1 to the unlearned1 generally appear ,greek4 ,mens tuus ego-- mind your eye2 ,illic vadis cum oculo tuo ex-- there you go with your eye out2 ,quomodo est mater tua8-- how's your mother8 ,fiat haustus ter die capiendus-- let a draught be made1 to be taken three times a day2 ,bona et catalla-- goods and chattels-- are examples4 ,thieves' ,latin1 more commonly known by the name of slang1 is much in use among a certain class of conveyancers1 who disregard the distinctions of meum and tuum4 ,furthermore1 it constitutes a great part of the familiar discourse of most young men in modern times1 particularly lawyers' clerks and medical students4 ,it bears a very close affinity to ,law ,latin1 with which1 indeed1 it is sometimes confounded4 ,examples3-- to prig a wipe-- to steal a handkerchief4 ,a rum start-- a curious occurrence4 ,a plant-- an imposition4 ,flummoxed-- undone4 ,sold-- deceived4 ,a heavy swell-- a great dandy4 ,quibus1 tin1 dibs1 mopuses1 stumpy-- money4 ,grub1 prog1 tuck-- victuals4 ,a stiff-'un-- a dead body-- properly1 a subject4 ,to be scragged-- to suffer the last penalty of the law1 c4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,heavy ,,swell4 ,all these kinds of ,latin are to be taught in the ,comic ,latin ,grammar4 ,illustration3 ,,toby1 ,,the ,,learned ,,pig4 ,if ,toby1 the learned pig1 had been desired to say his alphabet in ,latin1 he would have done it by taking away the ,w from the ,english alphabet4 ,indeed1 this is what he is said to have actually done4 ,the ,latin letters1 therefore1 remind us of the greatest age that a fashionable lady ever confesses she has attained to1-- being between twenty and thirty4 ,six of these letters are called what ,dutchmen1 speaking ,english1 call fowls-- vowels2 namely1 a1 e1 i1 o1 u1 y4 ,a vowel is like an olian harp2 it makes a full and perfect sound of itself4 ,a consonant cannot sound without a vowel1 any more than a horn 7except such an one as ,baron ,munchausen's7 can play a tune without a performer4 ,consonants are divided into mutes1 liquids and double letters2 although they have nothing in particular to do with funerals1 hydrostatics1 or the ,general post office4 ,the liquids are1 l1 m1 n1 r2 the double letters1 j1 x1 z2 the other letters are mutes4 ,hye dum1 dye dum1 fiddle dumb--c4 --,,sterne4 ,a syllable is a distinct sound of one or more letters pronounced in a breath1 or1 as we say in the classics1 in a jiffey4 ,a diphthong is the sound of two vowels in one syllable4 ,taken collectively they resemble a closed fist-- i4e4 a bunch of fives4 ,the diphthongs are au1 eu1 ei1 1 and oe4 ,of the two first of these1 au and eu1 the sound is intermediate between that of the two vowels of which each is formed4 ,this fact may perhaps be impressed upon the mind1 on the principles of artificial memory1 by a reference to a familiar beverage1 known by the name of half-and-half4 ,in like manner1 ei1 which is generally pronounced i1 and and oe1 sounded like e1 may be said to exhibit something like an analogy to a married couple4 ,the human diphthong1 ,smith female ,brown male1 is called ,brown only4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,human ,,diphthong4 ,the reason1 says the fool in ,king ,lear1 why the seven stars are no more than seven-- is a pretty reason-- because they are not eight4 ,this is a fool's reason2 but we 7like many other commentators7 cannot give a better one1 why the ,parts of ,speech are no more than eight-- because they are not nine4 ,they are as follow3 #a4 ,noun1 ,pronoun1 ,verb1 ,participle-- declined4 #b4 ,adverb1 ,preposition1 ,conjunction1 ,interjection-- undeclined4 ,most schoolboys would like to decline them altogether4 ,,of ,a ,,noun4 ,a noun is a name1-- whether it be a ,christian name1 or a sur-name-- the name of a prince1 a pig1 a pancake1 or a post4 ,whatever is-- is a noun4 ,nouns are divided into substantives and adjectives4 ,a noun substantive is its own trumpeter1 and speaks for itself without assistance from any other word-- brassica1 a cabbage2 sartor1 a tailor2 medicus1 a physician2 vetula1 an old woman2 venenum1 poison2 are examples of substantives4 ,an adjective is like an infant in leading strings-- it cannot go alone4 ,it always requires to be joined to a substantive1 of which it shows the nature or quality-- as lectio longa1 a long lesson2 magnus aper1 a great boar2 pinguis puer1 a fat boy2 macer puer1 a lean boy4 ,in making love 7as you will find one of these days7 or in abusing a cab-man1 your success will depend in no small degree in your choice of adjectives4 ,illustration3 ,,macer ,,puer4 ,illustration3 ,,pinguis ,,puer4 ,,numbers ,,of ,,nouns4 ,be not alarmed1 boys1 at the above heading4 ,there are numbers of nouns1 it is true1 that is to say1 lots2 or1 as we say in the schools1 a precious sight of nouns in the dictionary2 but we are not now going to enumerate1 and make you learn them4 ,the numbers of nouns here spoken of are two only2 the singular and the plural4 ,the singular speaks but of one-- as later1 a brick2 faba1 a bean2 tuba1 a trump 7or trumpet72 flamma1 a blaze2 thiops1 a nigger 7or negro72 cornix1 a crow4 ,the plural speaks of more than one-- as lateres1 bricks2 fab1 beans2 tub1 trumps2 flamm1 blazes2 thiopes1 niggers2 cornices1 crows4 ,here it may be remarked that the cynic philosophers were very singular fellows4 ,also that prize-poems are sometimes composed in very singular numbers4 ,,cases ,,of ,,nouns4 ,nouns have six cases in each number1 7that is1 six of one and half a dozen of the other7 but can only be put in one of them at a time4 ,they are thus ticketed-- nominative1 genitive1 dative1 accusative1 vocative1 and ablative4 ,the nominative case comes before the verb1 as the horse does before the cart1 the lieutenant before the ancient1 and the superintendant of police before the inspector4 ,it answers to the question1 who or what2 as1 ,who jaws8 magister jurgatur1 the master jaws4 ,the genitive case is known by the sign of1 and answers to the question1 whose1 or whereof2 as1 ,whose breeches8 ,femoralia magistri-- the breeches of the master1 or the master's breeches4 ,the dative case is known by the signs to or for1 and answers to the question1 to whom1 or to or for what2 as1 ,to whom do ,i hold out my hands8 ,protendo manus magistro-- ,i hold out my hands to the master4 ,in this place we are called upon to consider1 whether it be more agreeable to have ,latin or the ferula at our fingers' ends4 ,observe that dative means giving4 ,schoolmasters are very often in the dative case-- but their generosity is chiefly exercised in bestowing what is termed monkey's allowance2 that is1 if not more kicks1 more boxes on the ear1 more spats1 more canings1 birchings1 and impositions1 than halfpence4 ,plate3 ,a ,,dative ,,and ,a ,,vocative ,,case4 ,the accusative case follows the verb1 as a bailiff follows a debtor1 a bull-dog a butcher1 or a round of applause a supernatural squall at the ,italian ,opera4 ,it answers to the question ,whom8 or ,what8 as1 ,whom do you laugh at8 7behind his back7 ,derideo magistrum-- ,i laugh at the master4 ,the vocative case is known by calling1 or speaking to2 as1 ,o magister-- ,o master2 an exclamation which is frequently the consequence of shirking out1 making false concords or quantities1 obstreperous conduct in school1 c4 ,the ablative case is known by certain prepositions1 expressed or understood2 as ,deprensus magistro-- caught out by the master4 ,coram rostro-- before the beak4 ,the prepositions1 in1 with1 from1 by1 and the word1 than1 after the comparative degree1 are signs of the ablative case4 ,in angusti-- in a fix4 ,cum indigen-- with a native4 ,ab arbore-- from a tree4 ,a rictu-- by a grin4 ,adipe lubricior-- slicker than grease4 ,,genders ,,and ,,articles4 ,the genders of nouns1 which are three1 the masculine1 the feminine1 and the neuter1 are denoted in ,latin by articles4 ,we have articles1 also1 in ,english1 which distinguish the masculine from the feminine1 but they are articles of dress2 such as petticoats and breeches1 mantillas and mackintoshes4 ,but as there are many things in ,latin1 called masculine and feminine1 which are nevertheless not male and female1 the articles attached to them are not parts of dress1 but parts of speech4 ,illustration3 ,,masc4 ,,fem4 ,we will now1 with our readers' permission1 initiate them into a new mode of declining the article hic1 hc1 hoc4 ,and we take this opportunity of protesting against the old and short-sighted system of teaching a boy only one thing at a time1 which originated1 no doubt1 from the general ignorance of everything but the dead languages which prevailed in the monkish ages4 ,we propose to make declensions1 conjugations1 c41 a vehicle for imparting something more than the mere dry facts of the immediate subject4 ,and if we can occasionally inculcate an original remark1 a scientific principle1 or a moral aphorism1 we shall1 of course1 think ourselves sufficiently rewarded by the consciousness-- et ctera1 et ctera1 et ctera4 ,masc4 hic4 ,fem4 hc4 ,neut4 hoc1 c4 ,the nominative singular's hic1 hc1 and hoc1-- ,which to learn1 has cost school boys full many a knock2 ,the genitive 's hujus1 the dative makes huic1 7,a fact ,mr4 ,squeers never mentioned to ,smike72 ,then hunc1 hanc1 and hoc1 the accusative makes1 ,the vocative-- caret-- no very great shakes2 ,the ablative case maketh hc1 hac1 and hc1 ,a cock is a fowl-- but a fowl 's not a cock4 ,the nominative plural is hi1 h1 and hc1 ,the ,roman young ladies were dressed la ,grecque2 ,the genitive case horum1 harum1 and horum1 ,silenus and ,bacchus were fond of a jorum2 ,the dative in all the three genders is his1 ,at ,actium his tip did ,mark ,antony miss3 ,the accusative 's hos1 has1 and hc in all grammars1 ,herodotus told some ,american crammers2 ,the vocative here also-- caret-- 's no go1 ,as ,milo found rending an oak-tree1 you know2 ,and his1 like the dative the ablative case is1 ,the ,furies had most disagreeable faces4 ,nouns declined with two articles1 are called common4 ,this word common requires explanation-- it is not used in the same sense as that in which we say1 that quackery is common in medicine1 knavery in the law1 and humbug everywhere-- pigeons at ,crockford's1 lame ducks at the ,stock ,exchange1 ,jews at the ditto1 and ,royal ditto1 and foreigners in ,leicester ,square-- ,no2 a common noun is one that is both masculine and feminine2 in one sense of the word therefore it is uncommon4 ,parens1 a parent1 which may be declined both with hic1 and hc1 is1 for obvious reasons1 a noun of this class2 and so is fur1 a thief2 likewise miles1 a soldier1 which will appear strange to those of our readers1 who do not call to mind the existence of the ancient amazons2 the dashing white sergeant being the only female soldier known in modern times4 ,nor have we more than one authenticated instance of a female sailor1 if we except the heroine commemorated in the somewhat apocryphal narrative-- ,billy ,taylor4 ,nouns are called doubtful when declined with the article hic or hc-- whichever you please1 as the showman said of the ,duke of ,wellington and ,napoleon ,bonaparte4 ,anguis1 a snake1 is a doubtful noun4 ,at all events he is a doubtful customer4 ,illustration ,epicene nouns are those which1 though declined with one article only1 represent both sexes1 as hic passer1 a sparrow1 hc aquila1 an eagle1-- cock and hen4 ,a sparrow1 however1 to say nothing of an eagle1 must appear a doubtful noun with regard to gender1 to a cockney sportsman4 ,after all1 there is no rule in the ,latin language about gender so comprehensive as that observed in ,hampshire1 where they call every thing he but a tom-cat1 and that she4 ,,declension ,,of ,,nouns ,,substantive4 ,there are five declensions of substantives4 ,as a pig is known by his tail1 so are declensions of substantives distinguished by the ending of the genitive case4 ,our fear of outraging the comic feelings of humanity1 prevents us from saying quite so much about them as our love of learning would otherwise induce us to do4 ,we therefore refer the student to that clever little book1 the ,eton ,latin ,grammar1 strongly recommending him to decline the following substantives1 by way of an exercise1 after the manner of the examples there set down4 ,first declension1 ,genitivo 4 ,virga1 a rod4 --,second1 i4 ,puer1 a boy4 ,stultus1 a fool4 ,tergum1 a back4 --,third1 is4 ,vulpes1 a fox4 ,procurator1 an attorney4 ,cliens1 a client4 --,fourth1 s-- here you may have1 ,risus1 a laugh at4 --,fifth1 ei4 ,effigies1 an effigy1 image1 or ,guy4 ,the substantive face1 facies1 makes faces1 facies1 in the plural4 ,although we are precluded from going through the whole of the declensions1 we cannot refrain from proposing for the use of schools1 a model upon which all substantives may be declined in a mode somewhat more agreeable1 if not more instructive1 than that heretofore adopted4 ,exempli ,grati4 ,musa mus1 ,the ,gods were at tea1 ,mus musam4 ,eating raspberry jam1 ,musa mus1 ,made by ,cupid's mamma1 ,mus musarum1 ,thou ,diva ,dearum4 ,musis musas1 ,said ,jove to his lass1 ,mus musis4 ,can ambrosia beat this8 ,,declensions ,,of ,,nouns ,,adjective4 ,some nouns adjective are declined with three terminations-- as a pacha of three tails would be1 if he were to make a proposal to an ,english heiress-- as bonus1 good-- tener1 tender4 ,sweet epithets6 how forcibly they remind us of young ,love and a leg of mutton4 ,bonus1 bona1 bonum1 ,thou little lambkin dumb1 ,boni1 bon1 boni1 ,for those sweet chops ,i sigh1 ,bono1 bon1 bono1 ,have pity on my woe1 ,bonum1 bonam1 bonum1 ,thou speak'st though thou art mum1 ,bone1 bona1 bonum1 ,o come and eat me1 come1 ,bono1 bon1 bono1 ,the butcher lays thee low1 ,boni1 bon1 bona1 ,those chops are a picture1-- ah6 ,bonorum1 bonarum1 bonorum1 ,to put lots of ,tomata sauce o'er 'em ,bonis-- ,don't1 miss1 ,bonos1 bonas1 bona1 ,thou art sweeter than thy mamma1 ,boni1 bon1 bona1 ,and fatter than thy papa4 ,bonis1-- ,what bliss6 ,in like manner decline tener1 tenera1 tenerum4 ,unus1 one2 solus1 alone2 totus1 the whole2 nullus1 none2 alter1 the other2 uter1 whether of the two-- make the genitive case singular in ius and the dative in i4 ,,riddles4 ,q4 ,in what case will a grain of barley joined to an adjective stand for the name of an animal8 ,a4 ,in the dative case of unus-- uni-corn4 ,uni nimirum tibi rect semper erunt res4 ,hor4 ,sat4 lib4 ii4 #b4 #ajf4 ,q4 ,why is the above verse like all nature8 ,a4 ,because it is an uni-verse4 ,the word alius1 another1 is declined like the above-named adjectives1 except that it makes aliud1 not alium1 in the neuter singular4 ,the difference of unus from alius1 say the ,london commentators1 like that of a humming-top from a peg-top1 consists of the 'um4 ,n4,b4 ,tu es unus alius1 is not good ,latin for ,you're another1 a phrase more elegantly expressed by ,tu quoque4 ,illustration3 ,,tu ,,quoque4 ,there are some adjectives that remind us of lawyer's clerks1 and1 by courtesy1 of linen-drapers' apprentices4 ,these may be termed articled adjectives2 being declined with the articles hic1 hc1 hoc1 after the third declension of substantives-- as tristis1 sad1 melior1 better1 felix1 happy4 ,it is not very easy to conceive any thing in which sadness and comicality are united1 except ,tristis ,amator1 a sad lover4 ,illustration3 ,,tristis ,,amator4 ,melior is not better for comic purposes4 ,felix affords no room for a happy joke4 ,decline these three adjectives1 and others of the same class1 according to the following rules3 ,if the nominative endeth in is or er1 why1 sir1 ,the ablative singular endeth in i1 sir2 ,the first1 fourth1 and fifth case1 their neuter make e1 ,but the same in the plural in ia must be4 ,e1 or i1 are the ablative's ends1-- mark my song1 ,while or to the nominative case doth belong2 ,for the neuter aforesaid we settle it thus3 ,the plural is ora2 the singular us4 ,if than is1 er1 and or1 it hath many more enders1 ,the nominative serves to express the three genders2 ,but the plural for ia hath icia and itia1 ,as ,felix1 felicia-- ,dives1 divitia4 ,,comparisons ,,of ,,adjectives4 ,comparisons are odious-- ,adjectives have three degrees of comparison4 ,this is perhaps the reason why they are so disagreeable to learn4 ,the first degree of comparison is the positive1 which denotes the quality of a thing absolutely4 ,thus1 the ,eton ,latin ,grammar is lepidus1 funny4 ,the second is the comparative1 which increases or lessens the quality1 formed by adding or to the first case of the positive ending in i4 ,thus the ,charter ,house ,grammar1 is lepidor-- funnier1 or more funny4 --,the third is the superlative1 which increases or diminishes the signification to the greatest degree1 formed from the same case by adding thereto1 ssimus4 ,thus the ,comic ,latin ,grammar is lepidissimus1 funniest1 or most funny4 ,a ,londoner is acutus1 sharp1 or 'cute1-- a ,yorkshireman acutior1 sharper1 or more sharp1 'cuter or more 'cute-- but a ,yankee is acutissimus-- sharpest1 or most sharp1 'cutest or most 'cute1 or tarnation 'cute4 ,enumerate1 in the manner following1 with substantives1 the exceptions to this rule1 mentioned in the ,eton ,grammar4 ,bonus1 good4 ,a plain pudding4 ,melior1 better4 ,a suet pudding4 ,optimus1 best4 ,a plum pudding4 ,malus1 bad4 ,a caning4 ,pejor1 worse4 ,a spatting4 ,pessimus1 worst4 ,a flogging4 c4 c4 ,adjectives ending in er1 form the superlative in errimus4 ,the taste of vinegar is acer1 sour2 that of verjuice acrior1 more sour2 the visage of a tee-totaller1 acerrimus1 sourest1 or most sour4 ,agilis1 docilis1 gracilis1 facilis1 humilis1 similis1 change is into llimus1 in the superlative degree4 ,agilis1 nimble4-- ,madlle4 ,taglioni4 ,agilior1 more nimble4-- ,jim ,crow4 ,agillimus1 most nimble4-- ,mr4 ,wieland4 ,docilis1 docile4-- ,learned ,pig4 ,docilior1 more docile4-- ,ourang-outang4 ,docillimus1 most docile4-- ,man ,friday4 ,gracilis1 slender4-- ,a whipping post4 ,gracilior1 more slender4-- ,a fashionable waist4 ,gracillimus1 most slender4-- ,a dustman's leg4 c4 c4 ,if a vowel comes before us in the nominative case of an adjective1 the comparison is made by magis1 more1 and maxim1 most4 ,pius1 pious4-- ,dr4 ,cantwell4 ,magis pius1 more pious4-- ,mr4 ,maw-worm4 ,maxim pius1 most pious4-- ,mr4 ,stiggins4 ,sancho ,panza called ,don ,quixote1 ,quixottissimus4 ,this was not good ,latin1 but it evinced a knowledge on ,sancho's part1 of the nature of the superlative degree4 ,,of ,a ,,pronoun4 ,a pronoun is a substitute1 or 7as we once heard a lady of the ,malaprop family say71 a subterfuge for a noun4 ,there are fifteen ,pronouns4 ,ego1 tu1 ille1 ,i1 thou1 and ,billy1 ,is1 sui1 ipse1 ,got very tipsy4 ,iste1 hic1 meus1 ,the governor did not see us4 ,tuus1 suus1 noster1 ,we knock'd down a coster- ,vester1 noster1 vestras4 monger for daring to pester us4 ,to these may be added1 egomet1 ,i myself2 tute1 thou thyself1 idem the same1 qui1 who or what1 and cujas1 of what country4 ,,declension ,,of ,,pronouns4 ,pronouns concern ourselves so much1 that we cannot altogether pass over them2 though a hint or two with regard to the mode of learning their declension is all that we can here afford to give4 ,we are constrained now and then to leave out a good deal of valuable matter1 for the reason that induced the ,dublin manager to omit the part of ,hamlet in the play of that name-- the length of the performance4 ,pronouns may be thus agreeably declined3 ,ego1 mei1 mihi1 ,hoist the frog up sky-high4 ,tu1 tui1 tibi1 ,in ,chancery they fib ye4 ,ille1 illa1 illud1 ,cows chew the cud4 ,is1 ea1 id1 ,always do as you're bid4 ,qui1 qu1 quod1 ,or else you'll taste the rod4 ,every donkey can decline is1 ea1 id4 ,we heard one the other day on ,hampstead ,heath1 repeat distinctly ,e--o6 e--a6 e--o6 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,first ,,lesson ,,in ,,latin4 ,when you decline quis qu quid1 beware of any temptation to indulge in dirty habits4 ,eschew pig-tail instead of chewing it4 ,never have any quid in your mouth1 but a quid pro quo4 ,,of ,a ,,verb4 ,a verb is the chief word in every sentence1 as ,suspendatur per collum1 let him be hanged by the neck4 ,it expresses the action or being of a thing4 ,ego sum sapiens1 ,i am a wise man4 ,tu es stultus1 thou art a fool4 ,non hic amice1 pernoctas1 you don't lodge here1 ,mr4 ,ferguson4 ,verbs have two voices1 like the gentleman who was singing1 a short time since1 at the ,st4 ,james's ,theatre4 ,the active ending in o-- as amo1 ,i love4 ,the passive ending in or-- as amor1 ,i am loved4 ,in these two words is contained the terrestrial summum bonum-- ,in short1 love beats everything-- cock-fighting not excepted4 ,amo6 amor6 ,how happy every human being1 from the peer to the pot-boy1 from the duchess to the dairy-maid1 would be to be able to say so4 ,they would conjugate immediately4 ,except1 however1 certain modern political economists of the ,malthusian school1 who1 albeit they are great advocates for the diffusion of learning1 are violently opposed to unlimited conjugations4 ,of verbs ending in o some are actives transitive4 ,a verb is called transitive when the action passes on to the following noun1 as ,seco baculum meum1 ,i cut my stick4 ,numerous examples of this kind of cutting1 which may be called a comic section1 are recorded in history1 both ancient and modern4 ,even ,hector cut his stick 7with ,achilles after him7 at the siege of ,troy4 ,the ,persians cut their stick at ,marathon4 ,pompey cut his stick at ,pharsalia1 and so did ,antony at ,actium4 ,napoleon ,bonaparte cut his stick at ,waterloo4 ,other verbs ending in o are named neuters and intransitives4 ,a verb is called intransitive1 or neuter1 when the action does not pass on1 or require a following noun1 as curro1 ,i run4 ,pistol cucurrit1 ,pistol ran4 ,but to say1 ,falstaff voluit currere eum per1 ,falstaff wished to run him through1 would be making a neuter verb1 a verb active1 and would therefore be ,latin of the canine species1 or ,dog-,latin2 so would ,meus homo ,gulielmus cucurrit caput suum plenum sed contra te homo dic pax1 ,my man ,william ran his head full but against the mantel-piece4 ,this1 it is obvious1 will not do after ,cicero4 ,verbs transitive ending in o become passive by changing o into or1 as ,secor1 ,i am cut4 ,csar was cut by his friend ,brutus in the capitol4 ,this1 as ,antony very judiciously observed on the hustings1 was the most unkindest cut of all1-- much worse1 indeed1 than any of the similar operations which are daily performed in ,regent ,street4 ,illustration3 ,,brutus ,,and ,c,,sar4 ,verbs neuter and intransitive are never made passive4 ,we may say1 ,crepo1 ,i crack1 but we cannot say1 ,crepor1 ,i am cracked4 ,the ancient heroes appear1 from what ,homer says1 to have got into a way of cracking away most tremendously when they were going to engage in single combat4 ,orestes was certainly cracked4 ,some verbs ending in or have an active signification-- as ,loquor1 ,i speak4 ,q4 ,why are such verbs like witnesses on oath8 ,a4 ,because they are called ,deponents4 ,of these some few are neuters1 as ,glorior1 ,i boast4 ,csar boasted that he came1 saw1 and overcame4 ,bald-headed people 7like ,csar7 do not1 in general1 make conquests so easily4 ,neuter ,verbs ending in or1 and verbs deponent1 are declined like verbs passive2 but with gerunds and supines like verbs active2 thus presenting a curious combination of activity and supineness4 ,there are some verbs which are called verbs personal4 ,a verb personal resembles a mixed group of old maids and young maids1 because it has different persons1 as ,ego irrideo1 ,i quiz4 ,tu irrides1 thou quizzest4 ,a verb impersonal is like a collection of tombstone angels1 or small children2 it has not different persons1 as tdet1 it irketh1 oportet1 it behoveth4 ,it irketh to learn ,greek and ,latin1 nevertheless it behoveth to do so4 ,,of ,,moods4 ,moods in verbs are like moods in man1 they have each of them a peculiar expression4 ,here1 however1 the resemblance stops4 ,man has many moods1 verbs have but five4 ,for instance1 we observe in men the merry mood1 the doleful mood1 7or dumps71 the shy1 timid1 or sheepish mood1 the bold1 or bumptious mood1 the placid mood1 the angry mood1 whereto may be added the vindictive mood1 and the sulky mood2 the sober mood1 as contradistinguished from both the serious and the drunken mood2 or as blended with the latter1 in which case it may be called the sober-drunk mood-- the contented mood1 the grumbling mood2 the sympathetic mood1 the sarcastic mood1 the idle mood1 the working mood1 the communicative mood1 the secretive mood1 and the moods of all the phrenological organs2 besides the monitory or mentorial mood1 and the mendacious1 or lying mood1 with the imaginative1 poetical1 or romantic mood1 the compassionate1 or melting mood1 and many other moods too tedious to mention4 ,we must not however omit the flirting mood1 the teazing or tantalizing mood1 the giggling mood1 the magging or talkative mood1 and the scandalizing mood1 which are peculiarly observable in the fair sex4 ,the moods of verbs are the following3 #a4 ,the indicative mood1 which either affirms a fact or asks a question1 as ,ego amo1 ,i do love4 ,amas tu8 ,dost thou love8 ,the long and short of all courtships are contained in these two examples4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,long ,,courtship4 #b4 ,the imperative mood1 which commandeth1 or entreateth4 ,this two-fold character of the imperative mood is often exemplified in schools1 the command being on the part of the master1 and the entreaty on that of the boy-- as thus1 ,veni huc6 ,come hither6 ,parce mihi6 ,spare me6 ,the imperative mood is also known by the sign let-- as in the well-known verse in the song ,dulce ,domum-- ,eja6 nunc eamus4 ,hurrah6 now let us be off-- meaning for the vacation4 ,n4,b4 ,this mood is one much in the mouth of beadles1 boatswains1 bashaws1 majors1 magistrates1 slave drivers1 superintendents1 serjeants1 and jacks-in-office of all descriptions-- monitors1 especially1 and prfects of public schools1 are very fond of using it on all occasions4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,imperative ,,mood4 #c4 ,the potential mood signifies power or duty4 ,the signs by which it is known are1 may1 can1 might1 would1 could1 should1 or ought-- as1 ,amem1 ,i may love 7when ,i leave school74 ,amavissem1 ,i should have loved 7if ,i had not known better17 and the like4 #d4 ,the subjunctive differs from the potential only in being always governed by some conjunction or indefinite word1 and in being subjoined to some other verb going before it in the same sentence-- as ,cochleare eram cum amarem1 ,i was a spoon when ,i loved-- ,nescio qualis sim hoc ipso tempore1 ,i don't know what sort of a person ,i am at this very time4 ,the propriety of the above expression cochleare1 will be explained in a ,comic ,system of ,rhetoric1 which perhaps may appear hereafter4 #e4 ,the infinitive mood is like a gentleman's cab1 because it has no number4 ,we have not made up our minds exactly1 whether to compare it to the picture of nobody mentioned in the ,tempest1 or to the picture of ugliness1 which young ladies generally call their successful rivals4 ,it may be like one1 or the other1 or both1 because it has no person4 ,neither has it a nominative case before it2 nor1 indeed1 has it any more business with one than a toad has with a side pocket4 ,it is commonly known by the sign to4 ,as1 for example-- ,amare1 to love2 ,desipere1 to be a fool2 ,nubere1 to marry2 ,poenitere1 to repent4 ,,of ,,gerunds ,,and ,,supines4 ,ever anxious to encourage the expansion of youthful minds1 by as general a cultivation as possible of the various faculties1 we beg to invite attention to the following combination of ,grammar1 ,poetry1 and ,music4 ,air4-- ,believe me if all those endearing young charms4 --,moore4 ,the gerunds of verbs end in di1 do1 and dum1 ,but the supines of verbs are but two2 ,for instance1 the active1 which endeth in um1 ,and the passive which endeth in u4 ,amandi1 of loving1 kind reader1 beware2 ,amando1 in loving1 be brief2 ,amandum1 to love1 if you 're doom'd1 have a care1 ,in the goblet to drown all your grief4 ,amatum1 ,amatu1 to love and be loved1 ,should it be your felicitous 787 lot1 ,may the fuel so needful be never removed ,which serves to keep boiling the pot4 ,,of ,,tenses4 ,in verbs there are five tenses1 or times1 expressing an action1 or affirmation4 #a4 ,the present tense1 or time4 ,there is no time 7or tense7 like the present4 ,it expresses an action now taking place4 ,examples-- ,act4 ,i love1 or am loving4 ,amo1 ,i am loving4 --,pass4 ,i am made drunk1 or am drunk4 ,inebrior1 ,i am drunk4 #b4 ,the preterimperfect tense denotes something1 or a state of things1 partly1 but not entirely past4 --,examp4 ,i did love or was loving4 ,amabam1 ,i was loving4 ,i was made drunk an hour ago4 ,inebriabar1 ,i was made drunk4 #c4 ,the preterperfect tense expresses a thing lately done1 but now ended4 --,examp4 ,i have loved1 or ,i loved4 ,amavi1 ,i loved4 ,i have been made drunk1 or have been drunk4 ,inebriatus sum1 ,i have been drunk4 #d4 ,the preterpluperfect tense refers to a thing done at some time past1 but now ended4 --,examp4 ,amaveram1 ,i had loved4 ,inebriatus eram1 ,i had been drunk4 #e4 ,the future tense relates to a thing to be done hereafter1 as1 ,amabo1 ,i shall or will love4 ,inebriabor1 ,i shall get drunk-- say to-morrow4 ,,of ,,numbers ,,and ,,persons4 ,verbs have two numbers4 ,no4 #a1 ,singular1 ,no4 #b1 ,plural4 ,in most matters it is usual to pay exclusive attention to number one4 ,in learning the verbs1 however1 it is necessary to regard equally number two4-- ,the persons of verbs are generally considered very disagreeable4 ,verbs have three persons in each number4 ,thus1 for instance1 at a dancing academy-- ,sing4 ,ego salto1 ,i dance1 ,tu saltas1 ,thou dancest1 ,ille saltat1 ,he danceth4 ,plur4 ,nos saltamus1 ,we dance1 ,vos saltatis1 ,ye dance1 ,illi saltant1 ,they dance4 ,at an academy on ,free-knowledge-ical principles-- or a ,comic ,academy4 ,ego rideo1 ,i laugh1 ,tu rides1 ,thou laughest1 ,ille ridet1 ,he laugheth4 ,nos ridemus1 ,we laugh1 ,vos ridetis4 ,ye laugh1 ,illi rident1 ,they laugh4 ,laughter1 too1 is very common at other academies1 but generally occurs on the wrong side of the mouth4 ,the right sort of laughter 7which may be presumed to be on the right side of the mouth71 is most frequent about the time of the holidays4 ,what does the song say8 ,ridet annus1 prata rident ,nosque rideamus4 ,the year laughs1 the meadows laugh1-- suppose we have a laugh as well4 ,note-- ,that all nouns are of the third person except ,ego1 ,nos1 ,tu1 and ,vos4 ,hence we see how absurdly the man who drew a couple of donkeys acted in endeavouring to prevail upon us to call the picture ,we ,three-- ,ille1 he1-- may1 perhaps1 have been qualified to make a third person in the group1 and have written himself down an ass with some correctness4 ,ego1 ,i1 and ,nos1 we1 have certainly nothing in common with that animal1 and it is to be hoped that neither ,tu1 thou1 nor ,vos1 ye1 can be said to partake of his nature4 ,note also4 ,that all nouns of the vocative case are of the second person4 ,so that if we should say1 ,o asine1 ,o thou donkey2 or ,o asini1 ,o ye donkeys1 we should have grammar at least on our side4 ,be it your care to prevent us from having justice also4 ,,of ,,the ,,verb ,,esse1 ,,to ,,be4 ,before other verbs are declined1 it is necessary to learn the verb ,esse1 to be4 ,and before we teach the verb ,esse1 to be1 it is necessary to make a few remarks on verbs in general4 ,in the first place we have to observe1 that they are rather difficult2 and in the next1 that if any one expects that we are going to consider them in detail1 he is very much mistaken4 ,but our skipping a very considerable portion of the verbs1 is no reason why boys should do the same4 ,were we all to follow the examples of our teachers1 instead of attending to their precepts1 where would be the world by this time8 ,whirling away1 no doubt1 far from the respectable society of the neighbouring planets1 and blundering about right and left1 pell-mell1 helter-skelter among the fixed stars-- itself1 and all which it inherit in that glorious state of confusion so admirably described by the poet ,ovid-- ,quem dixere ,chaos1 which men have called ,shaos4 ,it would indeed be little better than a broken down ,shay-horse4 ,but revenons nos moutons1 that is1 let us get back to our verbs4 ,we recommend the most attentive and diligent study of all of them as set forth in the ,eton ,grammar1 assisted by that kind of association of ideas1 of which we shall now proceed to give a few specimens4 ,sum1 es1 fui1 esse1 futurus1 to be1-- or not to be-- that is the question4 ,rule #a4 ,to each person of a verb1 singular and plural1 join a noun1 according to your taste or comic talent4 ,should you be deficient in the inventive faculty1 apply for assistance to one of the senior boys1 which1 in consideration of your fagging for him1 he will readily give you4 ,if yourself a senior boy1 apply to the master4 ,examples4 ,,indicative ,,mood4 ,present ,tense4 ,am4 ,sing4 ,sum1 ,i am1 ,vir1 a man1 ,es1 ,thou art1 ,stultus1 a fool1 ,est1 ,he is1 ,latro1 a thief4 ,plu4 ,sumus1 ,we are1 ,patricii1 gentlemen1 ,estis1 ,ye are1 ,plebeii1 snobs1 ,sunt1 ,they are1 ,errones1 vagabonds4 ,we would proceed in this way with ,sum1 but that we are afraid of being tire-sum4 ,,verbs ,,regular4 ,first ,conjugation4 ,amo4 ,sing4 ,amo1 ,i love1 ,puellam1 a lass1 ,amas1 ,thou lovest1 ,fartum1 a pudding1 ,amat1 ,he loveth1 ,carnem porcinam1 pork4 ,plu4 ,amamus1 ,we love1 ,doctrinam1 learning1 ,amatis1 ,ye love1 ,leporem1 comicality1 ,amant1 ,they love1 ,poesin1 poetry4 ,the consideration of which three things leads us to ,rule #b4 ,in repeating the different tenses of verbs1 be careful to be provided with a short ,english verse1 contrived so as to rhyme with the third person singular1 and another to rhyme with the third person plural4 ,in this way your powers of composition as well as of memory will be profitably exercised4 ,example4 ,second ,conjugation4 ,moneo4 ,sing4 ,moneo1 mones1 monet1 ,reid ,co4's heavy wet4 ,plu4 ,monemus1 monetis1 monent1 ,beats that from the firmament4 ,third ,conjugation4 ,rego4 ,sing4 ,rego1 regis1 regit1 ,a statesman for office unfit4 ,plu4 ,regimus1 regitis1 regunt1 ,is much like a bear in a punt4 ,rule #c4 ,should you be desired to give the ,english of each person in the tense which you are repeating1 you may 7we mean a class of you71 follow a plan adopted with great success and striking effect in that kind of dramatic representation entitled ,a ,grand ,opera1 that of singing what you have to say4 ,hold up your head1 turn out your toes1 clear your voices1 and begin4 ,a-hem6 ,plate3 ,,going ,,through ,,the ,,verbs4 ,,audio--,i ,,hear4 ,fourth ,conjugation4 ,audio4 ,trio4 ,sing4 ,audio1 ,i hear the ,tartar drum6 ,audis1 ,thou hearest the ,tartar drum6 ,audit1 ,he hears the ,tartar drum6-- the ,tartar drum6 the ,tartar drum6 ,chorus4 ,he hears6 ,he hears6 ,he h - - e - - - a - - rs the ,tar - tar drum6 ,plu4 ,audimus1 ,we hear the ,tartar drum1 c4 ,,verbs ,,irregular-- ,are regular bores4 ,the above ,rules are equally applicable to them1 and also to the ,,defective ,,verbs2 ,concerning which it may be asserted1 that though almost all of them have tenses more or less imperfect1 there are some which have not a single ,imperfect ,tense4 ,,impersonal ,,verbs4 ,such as delectat1 it delighteth2 decet1 it becometh1 c41 answer to such ,english verbs as take the word it before them4 ,when we consider that it is a term of endearment used in speaking to babies1 as it's a pretty dear1 we cannot help thinking that ,verbs ,impersonal ought to be pet verbs4 ,such however1 is not1 as far as we know1 the fact4 ,illustration3 ,,pretty ,,dear4 ,,of ,a ,,participle4 ,a participle is a hybrid part of speech2 a kind of mongrel-cross1 between a noun and a verb4 ,it is two parts verbs1 and four parts noun2 wherefore its composition may be likened unto the milk sold in and about ,london1 which is usually watered in the proportion of four to two4 ,the properties of the noun belonging to it1 are1 number1 gender1 case1 and declension2 those of the verb1 tense1 and signification4 ,as a horse hath four legs1 so hath a verb four participles4 ,air4-- ,bonnets of ,blue4 ,there 's one of the present1-- and then1 ,there 's one of the future in rus2 ,of the tense preterperfect a third1-- and again1 ,a fourth of the future in dus4 ,participles are declined like nouns adjective1 as-- but no6 how can we ask our fair 7blue7 readers to decline a-man's 7amans7 loving4 ,now here we feel called upon to say a few words on the difference between a man's loving and a woman's loving4 ,it has often been a question1 whether do men or women love most dearly8 ,to us the matter does not appear to admit of a doubt4 ,we defy any of our male readers to be in love 7when they are old and silly enough7 for six months without finding themselves most grievously out of pocket4 ,we have a friend who was in that unfortunate condition for about a month1 and it cost him at least seven and sixpence a week in fees to the maid servant1 and that without once being enabled to exchange a word with the object of his affections4 ,at last he began to think that he was paying rather too dear for his whistle2 so he gave it up4 ,what girl would have held on so long1 and laid out so much money without a return-- not of soft affection1 but of hard cash8 ,women1 indeed1 instead of loving dearly1 love1 according to our own experience1 particularly cheaply4 ,think of what they save1 by taking their admirers shopping with them1 in ribands1 bracelets1 and the like1 to say nothing of coach-hire1 pastry-cooks1 and the price of admission1 when they go with them to the play4 ,and we should like to hear of the young lady who in these days would dispose of her hand at any thing less than a good round sum if she could help it-- no1 no4 ,to love dearly is the precious prerogative of the lords of the creation alone4 ,but we are forgetting our participles4 ,the participle of the present tense ends in ans1 or ens2 as ,flagellans1 whipping2 ,ldens1 hurting4 ,that of the future in rus1 signifies a likelihood1 or design of doing something1 as ,flagellaturus1 about to whip2 ,lsurus1 about to hurt4 ,that of the preterperfect tense has generally a passive signification1 and ends in us1 as ,flagellatus1 whipped2 ,lsus1 hurt4 ,that of the future in dus has also a passive signification1 as ,flagellandus1 to be whipped2 ,ldendus1 to be hurt4 ,note #a4 ,all participles are declined like nouns adjective4 ,we recommend the above participles to be declined like winking4 #b4 ,there are three things that are not hurt by whipping-- a top1 a syllabub1 and a cream4 ,,of ,,an ,,adverb4 ,convex and concave spectacles are contrivances used to increase or diminish the magnitude of objects4 ,adverbs are parts of speech used to increase or diminish the signification of words4 ,spectacles are joined to the bridge of the nose4 ,adverbs are joined to nouns adjective1 and verbs4 ,ben1 well2 multm1 much2 mal1 ill1 c4 are adverbs4 ,csar multm conturbavit indigenas3 ,csar much astonished the natives4 ,illustration3 ,c,,sar ,,astonishing ,,the ,,natives4 ,,of ,a ,,conjunction4 ,a conjunction is a part of speech that joineth together2 wherefore it may be likened unto many things2 for instance-- ,to glue1 to paste1 to gum arabic1 to mortar1 7for it joins words and sentences together like bricks71 to ,roman cement1 7,latin conjunctions more especially71 to white of egg1 to isinglass1 to putty1 to adhesive plaster1 to matrimony4 ,conjunctions are thus used4 ,ova et lardum1 eggs and bacon4 ,dimidium dimidiumque1 half-and-half4 ,amor et dementia1 love and madness4 ,illustration3 ,,half-,,and-,,half4 ,,of ,a ,,preposition4 ,a ,preposition is a part of speech commonly set before another word4 ,words1 however1 do not eat each other1 though men have been known to eat words4 ,ab1 ad1 ante1 c4 prepositions4 ,sometimes a preposition is joined in composition with another word1 as prostratus1 knocked down-- floored4 ,tullius ab aquario prostratus est3 ,tully was knocked down by a waterman4 ,,of ,,an ,,interjection4 ,an interjection is a word expressing a sudden emotion or feeling1 as ,hei6 ,oh dear6-- ,heu6 ,lack-a-day6-- ,hem6 ,brute1 ,hollo6 ,brutus4-- ,euge6 ,tite1 ,bravo6 ,titus4 ,we here find ourselves approaching the delightful subject of the three ,concords1 with which we shall make short work1 first1 for fear of further ,accidence1 and1 secondly1 because we are no fonder than boys are of repetitions1 which1 were we to follow the ,eton ,grammar in the ,concords1 we should be obliged to make in the ,syntax4 ,however1 there are just one or two points to be mentioned4 ,rule4 7,text-hand copy-books47 ,ask no questions4 ,exception4 ,when you want to find where the concord should be1 ask the following-- ,who8 or what8-- to find the nominative case to the verb4 ,whom8 or what8 with the verb1 for the accusative after it4 ,who8 or what8 with the adjective1 for the substantive to the adjective4 ,who8 or what8 with the verb1 for the antecedent to the relative4 ,but remember1 that the use of the interrogatives who8 and what8 however justifiable in grammar1 is very impertinent in conversation4 ,what1 for example1 can be more ill-bred than to say1 ,who are you8 ,indeed1 most questions are ill mannered4 ,we do not speak of such expressions as1 ,has your mother sold her mangle8 and the like1 used only by persons who have never asked themselves where they expect to go to8 but of all unnecessary demands whatever4 ,sir1 said the great ,dr4 ,johnson1 it is uncivil to be continually asking1 ,why is a dog's tail short1 or why is a cow's tail long4 ,,of ,,the ,,genders ,,of ,,nouns1 ,commonly known by the name of ,propria ,qu ,maribus4 ,as the ,propria ,qu ,maribus is no joke1 and the ,as in ,prsenti is too much of a joke1 we must do with them as we did with the verbs4 ,singing a song is always esteemed a valid substitute for telling a story2 and the indulgence which we would have extended to us in this respect1 is that universally granted to civilized society4 ,let the ,propria ,qu ,maribus be turned into a series of exercises1 thus1 or in like manner-- ,air4-- ,here 's to the maiden of bashful fifteen4 ,all names of the male kind you masculine call1 ,ut sunt 7for example71 ,divorum1 ,mars1 ,bacchus1 ,apollo1 the deities all1 ,and ,cato1 ,virgilius1 virorum4 ,latin 's a bore1 and bothers me sore1 ,oh how ,i wish that my lesson was o'er4 ,fluviorum1 ut ,tibris1 ,orontes likewise1 ,fine rivers in ocean that lost are1 ,and ,mensium-- ,october an instance supplies2 ,ventorum1 ut ,libs1 ,notus1 ,auster4 ,latin 's a bore1 c4 ,we do not pretend that the mode of study here recommended1 is perfectly original4 ,the genuine ,propria ,qu ,maribus1 and ,as in ,prsenti1 like the writings of the most remote antiquity1 consist of certain useful truths recorded in harmonious numbers4 ,it has been a question among commentators1 whether these interesting compositions were originally intended to be said or sung4 ,analogy 7we mean that derived from the works of ,homer and ,virgil7 would incline us to the latter opinion1 which however does not appear to have been generally entertained in the schools4 ,we shall give one more specimen in the above style2 and we beg it may be remembered1 that in so doing1 we have no wish to detract in any way from the merit of the illustrious poet in the ,eton ,grammar2 all we think is1 that he might have introduced a little more comicality into his work1 while he was about it4 ,,of ,,the ,,preterperfect ,,tense1 c4 ,,of ,,verbs4 ,otherwise the ,as in ,prsenti4 ,as in ,prsenti-- ,preterperfect-- avi1 ,oh6 send me well done1 lean1 and lots of gravy1 ,save lavo1 lavi1 nexo1 nexui4 ,ah6 me-- how sweet is cream with apple-pie1 ,juvi from juvo1 secui from seco1 ,could n't ,i lie and tipple1 more ,grco6 ,from neco1 necui1 and mico1 word ,which micui makes1 ,oh6 roast goose1 lovely bird6 ,plico which plicui gives4 ,delightful grub6 ,and frico1 fricas1 fricui1 to rub-- ,so domo1 tono1 domui1 tonui make4 ,and sono1 sonui4-- ,lead me to the stake1 ,i mean the beef-stake-- crepo1 crepui too1 ,which means to crack 7as roasted chestnuts do17 ,then veto1 vetui makes-- forbidding sound1 ,cubo1 to lie along 7these verbs confound ,ye gods7 makes cubui1 do gives rightly dedi2 ,what viler object than a coat that 's seedy8-- ,sto to form steti has a predilection2 ,well-- let it if it likes1 ,i've no objection4 c4 c4 c4 ,,syntaxis1 or the ,construction of ,grammar4 ,q4 ,what part of the grammar resembles the indulgences sold in the middle ages8 ,a4 ,sin-tax4 ,,the ,,first ,,concord2 ,,the ,,nominative ,,case ,,and ,,the ,,verb4 ,where there is much personality1 there is generally little concord4 ,however1 a verb personal agrees with its nominative case in number and person1 as ,sera nunquam est ad bonos mores via1 ,the way to good manners is never too late4 ,mind that1 brother ,jonathan4 ,illustration3 ,,american ,,gentlemen4 ,note-- ,the above maxim is especially worthy of the attention of neophytes in law and medicine2 of the gods in the gallery1 and of ,members of the ,house4 ,the nominative case of pronouns is rarely expressed1 except for the sake of distinction or emphasis1 as-- ,tu es exquisitus1 tu es1 ,you 're a nice man1 you are4 ,illustration ,sometimes a sentence is the nominative case to the verb1 as ,ingenuas pugni didicisse fideliter artes1 ,mollitos mores non sinit esse viri4 ,the faithful study of the fistic art ,from mawkish softness guards a ,briton's heart4 ,plate3 ,,ingenuas ,,pugni ,,didicisse ,,fideliter ,,artes ,,mollitos ,,mores ,,non ,,sinit ,,esse ,,viri4 ,who can doubt it8 ,but1 besides1 we have much to say in praise of boxing4 ,in the first place1 it is a classical accomplishment4 ,to say nothing of the ,olympic and ,isthmian ,games1 which are of themselves sufficient proof of the elegant and fanciful tastes of the ancients2 we need only allude to the fact1 that the ,corinthians are universally celebrated for their proficiency in this science4 ,then1 of its eminently social tendency1 there can be no doubt4 ,what can be more conducive to good fellowship1 and conviviality than the frequent tapping of claret1 attendant both on its study and practice8 ,nor can its beneficial influence on the fine arts be called in question1 seeing that its immediate object is to teach us the use of our hands4 ,and 7which perhaps is the most pursuasive argument of all71 it is particularly pleasing to the fair sex1 who besides their well known admiration of bravery1 are1 to a woman1 devotedly attached to the ring4 ,sometimes an adverb with a genitive case stands in the place of the nominative1 as-- ,partim astutorum mordebantur1 ,part of the knowing ones were bit4 ,we must contend that the above is a racy observation4 ,,exceptions ,,to ,,the ,,rule4 ,verbs of the infinitive mood-- but hold4 ,remember that there is scarcely any rule without an exception2 and this axiom particularly applies to the ,syntax4 ,we used to wish it did not2 because then we should not have had so much to learn-- to resume however-- ,verbs of the infinitive mood often have set before them an accusative case instead of a nominative2 the conjunction quod1 or ut1 being left out1 as ,annam reginam aiunt occubuisse3 ,they say that ,queen ,anne's dead4 ,a verb placed between two nominative cases of different numbers1 is not like a donkey between two stacks of hay1 it makes choice of one or the other1 and agrees with it1 as ,amygdal amar venenum est1 ,bitter almonds is poison4 ,we have written the ,english beneath the ,latin4 ,perhaps it may be imagined that we think good ,english beneath us4 ,a singular noun of multitude is sometimes joined to a plural verb2 as ,pars puerorum philosophum secuti sunt1 ,part of the boys followed the philosopher4 ,illustration ,and so they would now1 particularly if they saw one in costume4 ,verbs impersonal have no nominative case before them1 as ,tdet me ,grammatices1 ,i am weary of ,grammar4 ,pertsum est ,syntaxeos1 ,i am quite sick of ,syntax4 ,mirificum visum est ,socratem in gyrum saltantem videre1 ,it seemed wonderful to behold ,socrates jumping ,jim ,crow4 ,illustration ,,second ,,concord4 ,,the ,,substantive ,,and ,,the ,,adjective4 ,adjectives1 participles1 and pronouns agree with the substantive in gender1 number1 and case1 as ,vir exiguo conventui1 sobrioque idoneus3 ,a nice man for a small tea-party4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,tea ,,spoon4 ,the ,spartans1 probably1 were men of this kind2 their aversion to drunkenness being well known4 ,observe how close the concord is between substantive and adjective4 ,the ties of wedlock are nothing to it2 for1 besides that in that happy state there is very often not a little discord1 it is quite impossible that man and wife should ever agree in gender4 ,sometimes a sentence supplies the place of a substantive2 the adjective being placed in the neuter gender1 as ,audito reginam leones coenantes visisse3 ,it being heard that ,her ,majesty had gone to see the lions at supper4 ,,third ,,concord4 ,,the ,,relative ,,and ,,the ,,antecedent4 ,the relative and antecedent hit it off very well together2 they agree one with the other in gender1 number1 and person1 as ,qui plenos haurit cyathos1 madidusque quiescit1 ,ille bonam degit vitam1 moriturque facetus4 ,he who drinks plenty1 and goes to bed mellow1 ,lives as he ought to do1 and dies a jolly fellow4 ,illustration ,horace was the fellow for this kind of thing4 ,cato must have been a regular wet blanket4 ,sometimes a sentence is placed for an antecedent1 as ,heliogabalus1 spiritu contento1 viginti quatuor ostrearum demersit in alvum1 quod ,dandoni etiam long antecellit4 ,heliogabalus1 at one breath1 swallowed two dozen of oysters1 which beats even ,dando out and out4 ,illustration3 ,,heliogabalus4 ,many of the ancients could swallow a good deal4 ,a relative placed between two substantives of different genders and numbers1 sometimes agrees with the latter1 as ,pueri tuentur illum librum qu ,latina ,grammatices et ,comica dicitur4 ,boys regard that book which is called the ,comic ,latin ,grammar4 ,sometimes a relative agrees with the primitive1 which is understood in the possessive1 as ,mirabantur impudentiam suam qui ad reginam literas misit4 ,they wondered at his impudence1 who wrote a letter to the queen4 ,if a nominative case be interposed between the relative and the verb1 the relative is governed by the verb1 or by some other word which is placed in the sentence with the verb1 as ,luciferi quos ,prometheus surripuit1 ad ,jovem cujus numen contempsit1 pertinebant4 ,the ,lucifers which ,prometheus shirked1 belonged to ,jupiter1 whose authority he despised4 ,in fact1 ,prometheus made light of ,jupiter's lightning4 ,we now take leave of the ,concords1 observing only how pleasant it is to see relatives agree4 ,illustration3 ,,it ',s ,,pleasant ,,to ,,see ,,relatives ,,agree4 ,plate3 ,,prometheus ,,vinctus4 ,our next subject is the ,,construction ,,of ,,nouns ,,substantive4 ,which is not quite so amusing as the construction of small boats1 paper kites1 pinwheels1 crackers1 or any other mode of displaying the faculty of constructiveness-- though in one sense the construction of nouns substantive1 is not unlike the construction of puzzles4 ,when two substantives of a different signification meet together1 the latter is put in the genitive case1 as ,ulysses lumen ,cyclopis extinxit3 ,ulysses doused the glim of the ,cyclops4 ,this genitive case is sometimes changed into a dative1 as ,urbi pater est1 urbique maritus4 --,gram4 ,eton4 ,he is the father of the city1 and the husband of the city4 ,he must have been a pretty fellow1 whoever he was4 ,an adjective of the neuter gender1 put without a substantive1 sometimes requires a genitive case1 as ,paululm honestatis sartori sufficit3 ,a very little honesty is enough for a tailor4 ,a genitive case is sometimes placed alone2 the preceding substantive being understood by the figure ellipsis1 as ,ubi ad magistri veneris1 cave verbum de porco3 ,when you are come to the master's 7house71 not a word about the pig4 ,the word pig is a very general term1 and is used to signify not only the animal so called1 and such of the human race as resemble him in habits1 appearance1 or feelings2 but also to denote a variety of little things1 which it is sometimes necessary to keep secret4 ,a pedagogue now and then discovers a pig-tail appended to his coat collar-- this1 or rather the way in which it got there1 is one of the little pigs in question4 ,robbing the larder or the garden is another2 so is insinuating horse-hairs into the cane1 or putting cobbler's wax on the seat of learning -- we mean the master's stool4 ,a sort of pig 7or rather a rat7 is sometimes smelt by the master on taking his nightly walk though the dormitories1 when roast fowl1 mince pies1 bread and cheese1 shrub1 punch1 c4 have been slyly smuggled into those places of repose4 ,shirking down town is always a pig1 and the consequences thereof1 in case of discovery1 a great bore4 ,considering that a secret is a pig1 it is singular that betraying one should be called letting the cat out of the bag4 ,plate3 ,,smelling ,a ,,pig4 ,two substantives respecting the same thing are put in the same case1 as ,telemachum1 juvenem bon indolis1 ,calypso existimavit4 ,calypso thought ,telemachus a nice young man4 ,by the way1 what a nice young man ,virgil makes out ,marcellus to have been6 ,praise1 dispraise1 or the quality of a thing is placed in the ablative1 and also in the genitive case-- as ,vir paucorum verborum et magni appetits3 ,a man of few words and large appetite4 ,paterfamilias4 ,vir multis miseriis3 ,a father of a family4 ,a man of many woes4 ,illustration ,the man of most woes1 however1 is a hackney-coachman4 ,opus1 need1 and usus1 need1 require an ablative case1 as ,didoni marito opus erat2 ,dido had need of a husband4 ne coen usus erat2 neas had need of a dinner4 ,but opus appears to be sometimes placed like an adjective for necessarius1 necessary1 as ,regi ,anthropophagorum coquus opus est3 ,the ,king of the ,cannibal ,islands wants a cook4 ,which would serve his purpose best-- a valet-de-chambre who dresses men1 or a wit1 who roasts them8 ,,the ,,construction ,,of ,,nouns ,,adjective4 ,,the ,,genitive ,,case ,,after ,,the ,,adjective4 ,adjectives which signify desire1 knowledge1 memory1 fear1 and the contrary to these1 require a genitive case1 as ,est natura vetularum obtrectationis avida3 ,the nature of old women is fond of scandal4 ,this particularly applies to old maids4 ,as those delightful creatures now-a-days1 not content with being grey aspire to be actually blue2 we cannot help recommending to them a kind of study1 for which their propensity to cutting up renders them peculiarly adapted2 we mean ,anatomy4 ,and since it is on the foulest and most odious points of character that they chiefly delight to dwell1 we more especially suggest to them the pursuit of ,morbid ,anatomy1 as one which is likely to be attended both with gratification and success4 ,mens tempestatum prscia3 ,a mind foreknowing the weather4 ,a piece of sea-weed has often1 heretofore1 been used as a barometer2 but it is only of late that this purpose has been answered by a murphy4 ,immemor beneficii3 ,unmindful of a kindness4 ,the sort of kindness one is least likely to forget is that which our master used to say he conferred upon us1 when he was inculcating learning by means of the rod4 ,we cannot help thinking1 however1 that he began at the wrong end4 ,imperitus rerum3 ,unacquainted with the world1 i4e4 ,not 'up to snuff'4 ,much controversy has been wasted in attempts to determine the origin of the phrase up to snuff4 ,some have contended that it was suggested by the well-known quality possessed by snuff1 of clearing the head2 but this idea is far fetched1 not to say absurd4 ,others will have that the expression was derived from ,snofe1 or ,snoffe1 the name of a cunning rogue who flourished about the time of the first crusade2 so that up to ,snoffe signified as clever1 or knowing1 as ,snoffe2 and was in process of time converted into up to snuff4 ,this opinion is deserving of notice2 though the only argument in its favour is1 that the phrase in question was in vogue long before the discovery of tobacco4 ,probably the soundest view is that which connects it with the proper name ,znoufe1 which in ancient ,high-,dutch is equivalent to ,mercury1 whose reputation for astuteness among the ancients was exceedingly great4 ,conf4 ,hookey-,walk1 ii4 #ac4 ,hok4 ,pok4 ,wonk-,fum4 viii4 #bd4 ,cheek4 ,marin4 passim1 with a host of commentators1 ancient and modern4 ,roscius timidus ,deorum fuit3 ,roscius was afraid of the ,gods4 ,adjectives ending in ax1 derived from verbs1 also require a genitive case1 as ,tempus edax rerum3 ,time is the consumer of all things4 ,hence ,time is sometimes figured as an alderman4 ,nouns partitive1 nouns of number1 nouns comparative and superlative1 and certain adjectives put partitively1 require a genitive case1 from which also they take their gender2 as ,utrum horum mavis accipe3 ,take which of those two things you had rather4 ,so ,queen ,eleanor gave ,fair ,rosamond her choice between the dagger and the bowl of poison4 ,this1 to our mind1 would have been like choosing a tree to be hanged on4 ,primus fidicinum fuit ,orpheus3 ,orpheus was the first of fiddlers4 ,he is said to have charmed the hearts of broomsticks4 ,momus lepidissimus erat ,deorum3 ,momus was the funniest of the ,gods4 ,other deities may have made ,jupiter shake his head4 ,momus used to make him shake his sides4 ,sequimur te1 sancte deorum3 ,we follow thee1 ,o sacred deity4 ,namely1 the aforesaid ,momus4 ,he is the only heathen god that we should have had much reverence for1 and certainly the only one that we should ever have sacrificed to at all4 ,the offering most commonly made to the god of laughter was1 probably1 a sacrifice of propriety4 ,but the above nouns are also used with these prepositions1 a1 ab1 de1 e1 ex1 inter1 ante2 as1 ,primus inter philosophos ,democritus est3 ,democritus is the first amongst philosophers4 ,and why8 ,because he alone was wise enough to find out that laughing is better than crying4 ,he it was who first proved to the world that philosophy and comicality are1 in fact1 one science2 and that the more we learn the more we laugh4 ,we forget whether it was he or ,aristotle who made the remark1 that man is the only laughing animal except the hyna4 ,secundus sometimes requires a dative case1 as ,haud ulli veterum virtute secundus3 ,inferior to none of the ancients in valour4 ,illustration ,surely ,virgil in saying this1 had an eye to a hero1 whose fame has been perpetuated in the verses of a later poet4 ,some talk of ,alexander1 and some of ,pericles1 ,of ,conon and ,lysander1 and ,alcibiades2 ,but of all the gallant heroes1 there 's none for to compare1 ,with my ri-fol-de-riddle-iddle-lol to the ,british grenadier6 ,an interrogative1 and the word which answers to it1 shall be of the same case and tense1 except words of a different construction be made use of2 as ,quarum rerum nulla est satietas8 ,pomorum4 ,of what things is there no fulness8 ,of fruit4 ,dr4 ,johnson used to say that he never got as much wall fruit as he could eat4 ,illustration ,,the ,,dative ,,case ,,after ,,the ,,adjective4 ,adjectives by which advantage1 disadvantage1 likeness1 unlikeness1 pleasure1 submission1 or relation to any thing is signified1 require a dative case2 as ,astaci incocti patri idonei sunt in pace2 cocti autem in bello4 ,raw lobsters are serviceable to their country in peace2 but boiled ones in war4 ,lobster's claws are nasty things to get into4 ,the ,corporation of ,london seemed very much afraid of the ,police clause4 ,one of the reasons why a soldier is sometimes called a lobster1 probably is1 that the latter is a marine animal4 ,baln persimile3 ,very like a whale4 ,qui color albus erat nunc est contrarius albo3 ,the colour which was white is now contrary to white4 ,some people will swear white is black to gain their ends2 and a man who will do this1 though he may not always be-- ,jucundus amicis3 ,pleasant to his friends2 is nevertheless frequently so to his constituents4 ,hither are referred nouns compounded of the preposition con1 as contubernalis1 a comrade2 commilito1 a fellow soldier1 c4 ,you must con all such words attentively before you can construe well1 or the consequence will be1 that you will be considerably blown up1 if not confoundedly flogged4 ,some of these which signify similitude1 are also joined to a genitive case1 as ,par uncti fulminis3 ,like greased lightning4 ,the familiarity of our transatlantic friends with the nature of the electric fluid1 is no doubt owing to the discoveries of their countryman ,franklin4 ,q4 ,was the lightning which that philosopher drew down from the clouds1 of the kind mentioned in the example8 ,communis1 common2 alienus1 strange2 immunis1 free1 are joined to a genitive1 dative1 and also to an ablative case1 with a preposition1 as ,aures long communes asinorum sunt3 ,long ears are common to asses4 ,though musical ears are not4 ,we even doubt whether they would have the slightest admiration for ,bray-ham4 ,non sunt communes caud hominibus3 ,tails are not common to men4 ,except coat-tails1 shirt-tails1 pig-tails1 and rats'-tails-- to which en-tails may perhaps also be added1 though these last are often cut off4 ,non alienus a poculo cerevisi3 ,not averse to a pot of beer4 ,we should think we were not2 and should as soon think of engaging in an unnatural quarrel with our bread and butter4 ,natus1 born2 commodus1 convenient2 incommodus1 inconvenient2 utilis1 useful2 inutilis1 useless2 vehemens1 earnest2 aptus1 fit1 are sometimes also joined to an accusative case with a preposition1 as ,natus ad laqueum3 ,born to a halter4 ,illustration ,those who are reserved for this exalted destiny1 are said to enjoy a peculiar immunity from drowning4 ,is this the reason why watermen are such a set of rogues8 ,to prevent mistakes1 it should be mentioned1 that the watermen here meant are those who1 by their own account1 are so called from their office being to shut the doors of hackney coaches4 ,verbal adjectives ending in bilis1 taken passively1 and participles made adjectives ending in dus1 require a dative case2 as ,nulli penetrabilis astro2 ,penetrable by no star-- not fond of acting8 ,o venerande mihi ,liston6 te luget ,olympus3 ,o ,liston1 to be venerated by me the ,olympic bewails thee4 ,,the ,,accusative ,,case ,,after ,,the ,,adjective4 ,the measure of quantity is put after adjectives1 in the accusative1 the ablative1 and the genitive case1 as ,anguis centum pedes longus3 ,a snake a hundred feet long4 ,arbor gummifera1 alta mille et quingentis passibus4 ,a gum-tree a mile and a half high4 ,aranea1 lata pedum denum3 ,a spider ten feet broad4 ,an accusative case is sometimes put after adjectives and participles1 where the preposition secundum1 appears to be understood1 as ,os humerosque asello similis3 ,like to a cod-fish as to his head and shoulders4 ,some men are exceedingly like a cod-fish1 as to their head and shoulders1 and they often endeavour to increase this natural resemblance as much as possible1 by wearing gills4 ,,the ,,ablative ,,case ,,after ,,the ,,adjective4 ,adjectives which relate to plenty or want1 sometimes require an ablative1 sometimes a genitive case1 as ,amor et melle et felle est foecundissimus3 ,love is very full both of honey and gall4 ,the honey of love is-- we do not know exactly what4 ,honey1 however1 is ,latin for love1 as the ,irishman said4 ,the gall of love consists in ,first4 ,tight boots1 in which it is often necessary to do penance before our ,lady's window4 ,this is at all events very galling4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,tight ,,boot4 ,secondly4 ,in lover's sighs1 to which it communicates their peculiar bitterness4 ,thirdly4 ,another very galling thing in love is being cut out4 ,fourthly4 ,love is one of the passions treated of by ,gall and ,spurzheim4 ,adjectives and substantives govern an ablative case1 signifying the cause and the form1 or the manner of a thing1 as ,demosthenes vociferatione raucus erat3 ,demosthenes was hoarse with bawling4 ,nomine grammaticus1 re barbarus3 ,a grammarian in name2 in reality a barbarian4 ,like many of the old masters-- we do not mean painters-- though we certainly allude to brothers of the brush-- perhaps it would be better to call them brothers of the angle1 on account of their partiality to the rod4 ,does the reader twig8 ,if so1 it is unnecessary to branch out into a discussion with regard to the nature of the barbarity hinted at-- a kind of barbarity which1 though it may proclaim its perpetrators to be by no means allied to the feline race1 connects them most decidedly with the canine species4 ,dignus1 worthy2 indignus1 unworthy2 prditus1 endued2 captus1 disabled2 contentus1 content2 extorris1 banished2 fretus1 relying upon2 liber1 free2 with adjectives signifying price1 require an ablative case1 as ,leander dignus erat meliore fato3 ,leander was worthy of a better fate4 ,poor fellow6 first to be head over ears in love1 and then over head and ears in the sea6 ,shocking6 ,what an heroic young man he must have been4-- ,what a duck1 too1 the fair ,hero must have thought him as she watched him from her lonely tower1 nearing her every moment1 as he cleft with lusty arm the foaming herring-pond4 ,we mean the ,hellespont-- but no matter4 ,what a goose he must have been considered by any one else who happened to know of his nightly exploits6 ,how miserably he was gulled at last6 ,never mind4 ,if ,leander went to the fishes for love1 many a better man than he1 has1 before and since1 gone1 from the same cause1 to the dogs4 ,conscientia procuratoris solidis sex1 denariis octo1 venale est2 ,a lawyer's conscience is to be sold for six and eightpence4 ,some of these1 sometimes admit a genitive case1 as ,carmina digna de3 ,verses worthy of a goddess4 ,whether the following verses are worthy of a goddess or not1 we shall not attempt to decide2 they were addressed to one at all events-- at least to a being who1 if idolizing constitutes a goddess1 may1 perhaps1 be termed one4 ,we met with them in turning over the pages of an album4 ,,lines ,,by ,a ,,fond ,,lover4 ,lovely maid1 with rapture swelling1 ,should these pages meet thine eye1 ,clouds of absence soft dispelling2 ,vacant memory heaves a sigh4 ,as the rose1 with fragrance weeping1 ,trembles to the tuneful wave1 ,so my heart shall twine unsleeping1 ,till it canopies the grave6 ,though another's smiles requited1 ,envious fate my doom should be3 ,joy for ever disunited1 ,think1 ah6 think1 at times on me6 ,oft amid the spicy gloaming1 ,where the brakes their songs instil1 ,fond affection silent roaming1 ,loves to linger by the rill-- ,there when echo's voice consoling1 ,hears the nightingale complain1 ,gentle sighs my lips controlling1 ,bind my soul in beauty's chain4 ,oft in slumber's deep recesses1 ,i thy mirror'd image see2 ,fancy mocks the vain caresses ,i would lavish like a bee6 ,but how vain is glittering sadness6 ,hark1 ,i hear distraction's knell6 ,torture gilds my heart with madness6 ,now for ever fare thee well6 ,illustration3 ,,an ,,album ,,author4 ,it would be interesting as well as instructive to settle the difference between love verses and nonsense verses1 if this were the proper place for doing so4 ,but we are not yet come to the ,prosody2 nor shall we arrive there very soon unless we get on with the ,syntax4 ,comparatives1 when they may be explained by the word quam1 than1 require an ablative case1 as ,achilles ,agamemnone velocior erat3 ,achilles was a faster man than ,agamemnon4 ,fast men in modern times are very apt to outrun the constable4 ,tanto1 by so much1 quanto1 by how much1 hoc1 by this1 eo1 by this1 and quo1 by which2 with some other words which signify the measure of exceeding2 likewise tate1 by age1 and natu1 by birth1 are often joined to comparatives and superlatives1 as ,tanto deformissimus1 quanto sapientissimus philosophorum4 ,by so much the ugliest1 by how much the wisest of philosophers4 ,such an one was ,socrates4 ,it is all very well to have a contemplative disposition2 but it need not be accompanied by a contemplative nose4 ,quo plus habent1 eo plus cupiunt3 ,the more they have the more they want4 ,this is a curious fact in the natural history of school-boys1 considered in relation to roast beef and plum pudding4 ,maximum tate virum in tot ,kentucki contudi3 ,i whopped the oldest man in all ,kentucky4 ,,the ,,construction ,,of ,,pronouns4 ,all those who would understand the construction of pronouns1 should take care to be well versed in the distinction between meum and tuum1 ignorance of which often gives rise to the disagreeable necessity of becoming too intimately acquainted with quod4 ,mei1 of me1 tui1 of thee1 sui1 of himself1 nostri1 of us1 vestri1 of you1 7the genitive cases of their primitives ego1 tu1 c47 are used when a person is signified1 as ,languet desiderio tui3 ,he languishes for want of you4 ,you cannot give a more acceptable piece of information than the above1 to any young lady4 ,the fairer and more amiable sex always like to have something-- if not to love1 at least to pity4 ,parsque tui lateat corpore clausa meo4 --,eton ,gram4 ,and a part of you may lie shut up in my body4 ,or rather may it so lie6 ,how forcibly a sucking pig hanging up outside a pork-butcher's shop always recals this beautiful line of ,ovid's to the mind6 ,meus1 mine1 tuus1 thine1 suus1 his own 7,cocknic his'n71 noster1 ours1 vester1 yours1 are used when action1 or the possession of a thing is signified2 as ,qui bona qu non sunt sua furtim subripit1 ille ,tempore quo capitur1 carcere clausus erit3 ,him as prigs wot isn 't his'n1 ,ven he's cotch'd 'll go to pris'n4 ,illustration ,these possessive pronouns1 meus1 tuus1 suus1 noster1 and vester1 take after them these genitive cases1-- ipsius1 of himself1 solius1 of him alone1 unius1 of one1 duorum1 of two1 trium1 of three1 c41 omnium1 of all1 plurium1 of more1 paucorum1 of few1 cujusque1 of every one1 and also the genitive cases of participles1 which are referred to the primitive word understood2 as ,meis unius impensis pocula sex exhausi3 ,i drank six pots to my own cheek4 ,we wonder that any one should have the face to say so4 ,sui and suus are reciprocal pronouns1 that is1 they have always relation to that which went before1 and was most to be noted in the sentence1 as-- ,jonathanus nimium admiratur se3 ,jonathan admires himself too much4 ,parcit erroribus suis1 ,he spares his own errors4 ,magnoper ,jonathanus rogat ne se derideas1 ,jonathan earnestly begs that you would not laugh at him4 ,if you do1 take care that he does not blow you up one of these fine days4 ,these demonstrative pronouns1 hic1 iste1 and ille are thus distinguished3 hic points out the nearest to me2 iste him who is by you2 ille him who is at a distance from both of us4 ,in making game of the ,syntax1 we regard them as pointers4 ,when hic and ille are referred to two things or persons going before1 hic generally relates to the latter1 ille to the former1 as ,richardus ,thomasque suum de more bibebant1 ,ebrius hic vappis1 ebrius ille mero3 ,both ,dick and ,tom caroused away like swine1 ,tom drunk with swipes1 and ,dicky drunk with wine4 ,,the ,,construction ,,of ,,verbs4 ,,the ,,nominative ,,case ,,after ,,the ,,verb4 ,verbs substantive1 as sum1 ,i am1 forem1 ,i might be1 fio1 ,i am made1 existo1 ,i am2 verbs passive of calling1 as nominor1 ,i am named1 appellor1 ,i am called1 dicor1 ,i am said1 vocor1 ,i am called1 nuncupor1 ,i am named1 and the like to them1 as videor1 ,i am seen1 habeor1 ,i am accounted1 existimor1 ,i am thought1 have the same cases before and after them1 as ,adeps viridis est summum bonum3 ,green fat is the chief good4 ,even among the ancients1 turtles were the emblems of love2 which1 next to eating and drinking1 has always been the first object of human pursuit4 ,this fact proves1 very satisfactorily1 two things1 first1 their proficiency in the science of gastronomy2 and1 secondly1 their extreme susceptibility of the tender passion4 ,pileus vocatur tegula3 ,a hat is called a tile4 ,illustration3 ,,tiled ,,in4 ,likewise all verbs in a manner admit after them an adjective1 which agrees with the nominative case of the verb1 in case1 gender1 and number1 as ,pii orant taciti4 --,eton ,gram4 ,the pious pray silently4 ,is this a sly rap at the ,quakers8 ,,the ,,genitive ,,case ,,after ,,the ,,verb4 ,sum requires a genitive case as often as it signifies possession1 duty1 sign1 or that which relates to any thing2 as ,quod rapidam trahit tatem pecus est ,meliboei1 ,the cattle wot drags the ,age1 fast coach1 is ,meliboeus's4 ,alas6 that such an ,age should be banished by the ,age of rail-roads6-- let us hear the ,,coachman',s ,,lament4 ,air4-- ,oh give me but my ,arab steed4 ,farewell my ribbons1 and1 alack6 ,farewell my tidy drag2 ,mail-coach-men now have got the sack1 ,and engineers the bag4 ,my heart and whip alike are broke-- ,i've lost my varmint team ,that used to cut away like smoke1 ,but could n't go like steam4 ,it is1 indeed1 a bitter cup1 ,thus to be sent to pot2 ,my bosom boils at boiling up ,a gallop or a trot4 ,my very brain with fury 's rack'd1 ,that railways are the rage2 ,i'm sure you'll never find them act1 ,like our old ,english stage4 ,a man whose passion 's crost1 is sore1 ,then pray excuse my pet2 ,i ne'er was overturn'd before1 ,but now am quite upset4 ,illustration ,these nominative cases are excepted from the above rule1 meum1 mine1 tuum1 thine1 suum1 his1 noster1 our1 vester1 your1 humanum1 human1 belluinum brutal1 and the like1 as ,non est tuum aviam instruere3 ,don't teach your grandmother-- to suck eggs4 ,humanum est inebriari4 ,it is a human frailty-- or an amiable weakness-- to get drunk4 ,lord ,byron proves it to be a human frailty4 ,man being reasonable1 must get drunk4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,reasonable ,,creature4 ,another poet 7anon47 proves it to be an amiable one1 by establishing the analogy which exists between it and an intoxication of another kind-- ,love is like a dizziness1 ,never lets a poor man go about his business4 ,verbs of accusing1 condemning1 advising1 acquitting1 and the like1 require a genitive case which signifies the charge2 as ,qui alterum accusat probri1 eum ipsum se intueri oportet4 ,it is fit that he who accuses another of dishonesty should look into himself4 ,if this maxim were acted up to1 what attorney could we ever get to frame an indictment8 ,furti damnatus1 tres menses adeptus est3 ,being condemned of theft1 he had three months4 ,we do not see much fun in that4 ,we cannot help thinking1 however1 that ,three ,months at ,brixton1 would form a taking 7at least a thief-taking7 title for a novel4 ,admoneto magistrum squalidarum vestium3 ,put the master in mind of his seedy clothes4 ,that is if you want a good dressing4 ,this genitive case is sometimes changed into an ablative1 either with or without a preposition1 as ,putavi de calendis ,aprilibus te esse admonendum3 ,i thought that you ought to be reminded of the first of ,april4 ,young reader6 were you ever1 on the above anniversary1 sent to the cobbler's for pigeons' milk1 and dismissed with strap-oil for your pains8 ,were your domestic and alimentive affections ever sported with by the false intelligence that a letter from home and a large cake were waiting for you below6 ,or worse1 did some waggish1 but inconsiderate friend ever send you a fool's-cap and a hamper of stones8 ,reader1 of a more advanced age1 were you ever8-- but we cannot go on-- ,oh6 ,matilda-- we might have been your slave-- but it was cruel of you to sell us in such a manner4 ,uterque1 both1 nullus1 none1 alter1 the other1 neuter1 neither of the two1 alius1 another1 ambo1 both1 and the superlative degree1 are joined to verbs of that kind only in the ablative case1 as ,fratris1 an asini1 trucidationis accusas me8 ,utroque1 sed sceleris unius3 ,do you accuse me of killing my brother or my donkey8 ,of both2 but of one crime4 ,satago1 to be busy about a thing1 misereor and miseresco1 to pity1 require a genitive case1 as ,qui ducit uxorem rerum satagit3 ,he who marries a wife has his hands full of business4 ,we hear frequently of lovers being distracted4 ,husbands are much more so4 ,o6 tergi miserere mei non digna ferentis3 ,oh6 have pity on my back1 suffering things undeserved4 ,reminiscor1 to remember1 obliviscor1 to forget1 memini1 to remember1 recorder1 to call to mind1 admit a genitive or accusative case1 as ,reminiscere nonarum ,novembrium3 ,remember the fifth of ,november4 ,no wonder that so many squibs are let off on that day2 considering the political feeling connected with it4 ,hoc te spectantem me meminisse precor3 ,when this you see remember me4 ,how particularly anxious all young men and women who are lovers1 and all waiters and chambermaids1 whether they are lovers or no1 besides coachmen and porters of all kinds1 seem to be remembered4 ,a coachman in one respect especially resembles a lover2 he always wishes to be remembered by his fare4 ,potior1 to gain1 is joined either to a genitive or to an ablative case1 as ,xantippe1 marito subacto1 femoralium potita fuit4 ,xantippe1 her husband being overcome1 gained the breeches4 ,terentius ,thrace potitus est3 ,terence got a ,tartar4 ,at least he said he did1 when he took the prisoner who would n't let him come4 ,,the ,,dative ,,case ,,after ,,the ,,verb4 ,all verbs govern a dative case of that thing to or for which any thing is gotten or taken away1 as ,diminuam tibi caput3 ,i will break your head4 ,eheu6 mihi circulum ademit6 ,oh dear1 he has taken away my hoop6 ,what a thing it is to be a junior boy6 ,verbs of various kinds belong to the above rule4 ,in the first place verbs signifying advantage or disadvantage govern a dative case1 as ,judi ad commodandum nobis vivunt3 ,the ,jews live to accommodate us4 ,or accommodate us to live-- which8 ,of these juvo1 ldo1 delecto1 and some others1 require an accusative case1 as ,maritum quies plurimum juvat3 ,rest very much delighteth a married man-- when he can get it4 ,illustration ,verbs of comparing govern a dative case1 as ,ajacem ,surdo componere spe solebam3 ,i was often accustomed to compare ,ajax to the ,deaf un1-- not because he was hard of hearing1 but hard in hitting4 ,sometimes1 however1 they require an ablative case with the preposition cum2 sometimes an accusative case with the prepositions ad and inter1 as ,comparo ,pompeium cum globo nivali3 ,i compare ,pompey with a snow-ball4 ,pompey is called in the schools a proper name4 ,whether it is a proper name for a nigger or not1 may be questioned4 ,it may also be doubted whether a negro can ever rightly be called snow-ball1 except he be an ice man2 in which case even though he should be the knave of clubs1 it is obvious that he ought never to be black balled4 ,si ad pensum verberatio comparetur nihil est3 ,if a flogging be compared to an imposition1 it is nothing4 ,a flogging is a fly-blow1 or at least a flea-blow to the boy1 and a task only to the master2 whereas an imposition is a task to the boy1 and very often a verse task4 ,verbs of giving and of restoring govern a dative case1 as ,learius unicuique filiarum dimidium coron dedit3 ,lear gave his daughters half-a-crown a-piece4 ,hence we are enabled to gain some notion of the great value of money in the time of the ,ancient ,britons4 ,verbs of promising and of paying govern a dative case2 as ,menelaus ,paridi fustuarium promisit3 ,menelaus promised ,paris a drubbing4 ,illustration ,gubernatoris est pendere sartoribus pecuniam3 ,it is the place of the governor to pay tailors4 ,hence young men may learn how desirable it is to be in statu pupillari4 ,true1 in that state of felicity1 they are somewhat under control1 but the above example1 and many others of a like nature1 sufficiently prove1 that such restriction1 compared to the responsibilities of manhood1 is but a minor inconvenience4 ,verbs of commanding and telling govern a dative case1 as ,alexander1 vinosus1 animis imperare non potuit3 ,alexander1 when drunk1 could not command his temper4 ,thus1 in a state of beer1 he committed manslaughter at least1 by killing and slaying his friend ,clitus4 ,we could not resist the temptation to mention this fact1 since1 as we have so often laughed at its narration in those interesting compositions called themes1 we thought there must needs be something very funny about it4 ,alexander the ,great1 be it remarked1 for the special behoof of schoolboys1 furnishes an example of any virtue or vice descanted on in any prose task or poem under the sun4 ,antonio dixit ,augustus ,lepidum veteratorem fuisse4 ,augustus told ,antony that ,lepidus was a humbug4 ,we don't know exactly where this historical fact is mentioned4 ,lepidus is a funny name4 ,except1 from the foregoing rule1 rego1 to rule1 guberno1 to govern1 which have an accusative case2 tempero and moderor1 to rule1 which have sometimes a dative1 sometimes an accusative case2 as ,luna regit ministros3 ,the moon rules the ministers4 ,that is to say1 when it is at the full1 and resembles a great ,o4 ,prco pauperes gubernat3 ,the beadle governs the paupers4 ,non semper temperat ipse sibi3 ,he does not always govern himself4 ,non animos mollit proprios1 nec temperat iras3 ,he neither softens his own mind1 nor tempers his anger4 ,ecce1 ,ducrow moderatur equos3 ,lo1 ,ducrow manages the horses4 ,q4 ,why is a general officer like a writing-master8 ,a4 ,because he is a ruler of lines4 ,verbs of trusting govern a dative case1 as ,credite1 foemine1 juvenes1 committere menti1 ,nil nisi lene decet4 ,believe me1 young men1 it is fit to entrust nothing to a female mind but what is soft4 ,in fact1 soft nothings are fittest for the ear of a lady4 ,pomarius poet non credit3 ,the costermonger trusts not the poet4 ,how wrong1 therefore1 it is to call him a green grocer4 ,verbs of complying with and of opposing govern a dative case1 as ,nunquam obtemperat tiro hodiernus magistro3 ,a modern apprentice never obeys his master4 ,verbs of threatening and of being angry govern a dative case1 as ,utrique latronum mortem est minitatus3 ,he threatened death to both of the robbers1-- ,by presenting a pistol right and left at each of them4 ,this when done by some well-disposed sailor in a melodrame1 constitutes a situation of thrilling interest4 ,illustration ,sum with its compounds1 except possum1 governs a dative case1 as ,oculi nigri non semper sunt faciei ornamentum3 ,black eyes are not always an ornament to the face4 ,illustration ,verbs compounded with these adverbs1 bene1 well1 satis1 enough1 male1 ill1 and with these prepositions1 pr1 ad1 con1 sub1 ante1 post1 ob1 in1 inter1 for the most part govern a dative case1 as ,saginatio multis hominibus benefacit3 ,cramming does good to many men4 ,for instance1 it does good to aldermen1 especially in these days of reform1 by enlarging the ,corporation4 ,cramming1 or rather the effect of it1 benefits medical men1 who again do good to their patients by cramming them in another way4 ,there is also a species of cramming which is found very serviceable at the ,universities1 by enabling certain students to pass in a crowd4 ,illustration3 ,,oh6 ,,here ',s ,a ,,compliment4 ,in this respect however it differs essentially from aldermanic cramming1 which enhances the difficulty of such a feat in a very remarkable manner4 ,puell1 ali aliis prlucere student3 ,girls endeavour to outshine one another4 ,and yet they make light1 as much as they can1 of each other's charms and accomplishments4 ,intempestive parum longe prospicienti ,doctori adlusit4 ,he joked unseasonably on the short-sighted ,doctor4 ,johnson was not so short-sighted as to be blind to a joke4 ,not a few of the verbs mentioned in the last rule1 sometimes change the dative into another case2 as ,prstat ingenio alius alium3 ,one exceeds another in ability4 ,illustration ,thus one boy learns ,latin and ,greek better than the rest2 another learns slang4 ,one is a good hand at construing1 another at climbing4 ,some boys are peculiarly skilled at casting accounts1 others in casting stones4 ,here we have a boy of a small appetite and many words1 there one of a large appetite and few words4 ,sometimes precocious talent is evinced for playing the fiddle1 sometimes for playing a stick2 sometimes1 again1 a strong propensity is discovered for playing the fool4 ,this boy makes verses1 as it were1 by inspiration2 that boy shows an equal capacity in making mouths4 ,the most peculiar talent1 however1 and the one most exclusive of all others1 is that of riding4 ,those who are destined to attain great proficiency in this science1 can seldom do any thing else2 and usually begin their career by being horsed at school4 ,est1 for habeo to have1 governs a dative case1 as ,est mihi qui vestes custodit avunculus omnes3 ,i have an uncle who takes care of all my clothes4 ,suppetit1 it sufficeth1 is like to this1 as ,pauper enim non est cui rerum suppetit usus3 ,for he is not poor1 to whom the use of things suffices4 ,the two last examples must suggest a rather alarming idea to those who are accustomed to propitiate the relation to whom we have just alluded1 by relinquishing their habits4 ,is it possible that he can ever use one's things8 ,we recommend this query to the serious consideration of theatrical persons1 and all others who are addicted to spouting4 ,sum with many others admits a double dative case1 as ,exitio est avidis alvus pueris3 ,the belly is the destruction of greedy boys4 ,particularly those of ,eton ,college4 ,sometimes this dative case tibi1 or sibi1 or also mihi1 is added for the sake of elegance in expression1 as ,cato suam sibi uxorem ,hortensio vendidit3 ,cato sold his own wife to ,hortensius4 ,illustration ,some say he only lent her4 ,the fact most probably is1 that the lady1 being tired of her husband1 wished to be a-loan4 ,,the ,,accusative ,,case ,,after ,,the ,,verb4 ,verbs transitive1 of what kind soever1 whether active1 deponent1 or common1 require an accusative case1 as ,procuratorem fugito1 nam subdolus idem est3 ,avoid an attorney1 for the same is a cunning rogue4 ,yet the legal profession are always boasting of their deeds4 ,verbs neuter have an accusative case of a like signification to themselves1 as ,pomarii asinus duram servit servitutem3 ,a coster-monger's donkey serves a hard servitude4 ,poor animal6 ,a ,sterne heart was once melted by thy sufferings-- how then must they affect that of the gentle reader8 ,there are some verbs which have an accusative case by a figure1 as ,nec vox hominem sonat2 ,nor does your voice sound like a human creature's4 ,this may be said of boys of various kinds-- as pot-boys1 butcher's boys1 baker's boys1 and other boys who are in the habit of bawling down areas2 also of several descriptions of men1 as cab-men1 coach-men1 watch-men1 and dust-men4 ,the same may likewise be asserted of some women1 such as apple-women1 oyster-women1 fish-women1 and match-women4 ,here also the singing of charity children of both sexes1 and the voices of parish-clerks1 may be specified1 and1 lastly1 of many foreigners whose names terminate in ini4 ,illustration ,verbs of asking1 of teaching1 of clothing1 and of concealing1 commonly govern two accusative cases1 as ,ego docebo te1 adolescentule1 lectiones tuas3 ,i'll teach you your lessons1 young man4 ,this speech is usually the prelude to something which elicits that exemplification of the vocative case which has been given in the first part of the ,grammar4 ,some verbs of this kind have an accusative case even in the passive voice1 as ,bis denos posceris versus de scoparum manubrio3 ,you are required to make twenty verses on a broomstick4 ,why should not a broomstick form the subject of a poetical effusion1 when the material of the broom itself is so often used in schools to stimulate inventive genius8 ,nouns appellative are commonly added with a preposition to verbs which denote motion1 as ,interea ad templum non qu ,palladis ibant ,crinibus ,iliades passis4 ,virgil4 ,in the mean time the ,trojan woman went to the temple of unfriendly ,pallas with their hair about their ears4 ,how odd they must have looked4 ,here we take occasion to remind schoolboys never to lose an opportunity of giving a comic rendering to any word or phrase susceptible thereof1 which they may meet with in the course of their reading4 ,to say crinibus passis1-- with dishevelled hair would be to give a very feeble and spiritless translation4 ,vir is literally construed man2 some school-masters will have it called hero1-- we propose to translate it cove4 ,so dapes may be rendered grub1 or perhaps prog2 aspera ,juno1 crusty ,juno2 animam efflare1 to kick the bucket2 capere fugam1 to cut one's stick1 or lucky2 confectus1 knocked up2 fraudatus1 choused2 contundere1 to whop1 c4 c4 ,,the ,,ablative ,,case ,,after ,,the ,,verb4 ,every verb admits an ablative case1 signifying the instrument1 or the cause1 or the manner of an action1 as ,pulvere nitrato ,catilina senatum subruere voluit3 ,catiline wished to blow up the ,parliament4 ,catiline was a regular ,guy4 ,a noun of price is put after some words in the ablative case1 as ,ovidius solidis duobus fibulas siphonem ascendere fecit3 ,ovid pawned his buckles for two shillings4 ,the sipho was a tube1 pipe1 or spout1 projecting from the shops of pawnbrokers1 of whom there is every reason to believe that there were a great many in ancient ,rome4 ,into this sipho the pledges were placed in order to be conveyed to the adytum or secret recess of the dwelling4 ,vide ,casaubon de ,avunc3 ,roman4 ,vili1 at a low rate1 paulo1 for little1 minimo1 for very little1 magno1 for much1 nimio1 for too much1 plurimo1 for very much1 dimidio1 for half1 duplo1 for twice as much1 are often put by themselves1 the word1 pretio1 price1 being understood1 as ,vili venit cibus caninus3 ,dog's meat is sold at a low rate4 ,these genitive cases put without substantives are excepted1 tanti1 for so much1 quanti1 for how much1 pluris1 for more1 minoris1 for less1 quantivis1 for as much as you please1 tantidem1 for just so much1 quantilibet1 for what you will1 quanticunque for how much soever1 as ,non es tanti3 ,you're no great shakes4 ,flocci1 of a lock of wool1 nauci1 of a nut-shell1 nihili1 of nothing1 assis1 of a penny1 pili1 of a hair1 hujus1 of this1 teruncii1 of a farthing1 are added very properly to verbs of esteeming1 as ,nec verberationem flocci pendo1 nec ferul percussionem pili stimo3 ,i don't value a flogging a straw1 nor do ,i regard a spatting a hair4 ,a boy who can say this1 must have a brazen front1 and an iron back1 and be altogether a lad of mettle4 ,verbs of abounding1 of filling1 of loading1 and their contraries1 are joined to an ablative case1 as ,tauris abundat ,hibernia3 ,ireland aboundeth in bulls4 ,this circumstance it most probably was which gave rise to the ,tales of the ,o',hara family4 ,we once heard a son of ,erin1 while undergoing the operation of bleeding from the arm1 remark that that would be an easy way of cutting one's throat4 ,some of these sometimes govern a genitive case1 as ,optime ostrearum implebantur3 ,they had a capital blow out of oysters4 ,we are sorry to remark that these are the only native productions patronized by great people4 ,fungor1 to discharge1 fruor1 to enjoy1 utor1 to use1 vescor1 to live upon1 dignor1 to think one's self worthy1 muto1 to change1 communico1 to communicate1 supersedeo1 to pass by1 are joined to an ablative case1 as ,qui adipisci coenas optimas volet1 leonis fungatur officiis4 ,he who shall desire to obtain excellent dinners1 should discharge the office of a lion4 ,illustration ,in which case he will come in for the lion's share4 ,q4 ,why is the lion of a party like one of the grand sources of prejudice mentioned by ,lord ,bacon8 ,a4 ,because he is the ,idol of the den4 ,mereor1 to deserve1 with these adverbs1 bene1 well1 satis1 enough1 male1 ill1 melius1 better1 pejus1 worse1 optime1 very well1 pessime1 very ill1 is joined to an ablative case with the preposition de1 as ,de libitinario medicus bene meretur3 ,the doctor deserves well of the undertaker4 ,notwithstanding it might at first sight appear1 that the doctor1 in furnishing funerals1 invades the undertaker's province4 ,some verbs of receiving1 of being distant1 and of taking away1 are sometimes joined to a dative case1 as ,augustus eripuit mihi nitorem3 ,augustus has taken the shine out of me4 ,last ,dying ,speech of ,m4 ,antony4 ,an ablative case1 taken absolutely1 is added to some verbs1 as ,porcis volentibus ltissime epulabimur3 ,please the pigs we'll have a jolly good dinner4 ,the pig had divine honours paid to it by the ancient ,greeks4 --,jos4 ,scalig4 de ,myst4 ,eleusin4 ,an ablative case of the part affected1 and by the poets an accusative case1 is added to some verbs1 as ,qui animo grotat1 eum aera risum moventem ducere oportet4 ,he who is sick in mind should breathe the laughing gas4 ,much learned controversy has been expended in endeavouring to determine whether this gas was the exhalation by which it is supposed that the ancient ,pythonesses were affected4 ,rubet nasum3 ,his nose is red4 ,candet genas3 ,his cheeks are pale4 ,some of these words are used also with the genitive case1 as ,angitur animi juvenis iste1 et mundum indignatur4 ,that young man is grieved in mind and disgusted with the world4 ,such a man is called by the ladies an interesting young man4 ,,verbs ,,passive4 ,an ablative case of the doer 7but with the preposition a or ab going before71 and sometimes also a dative case1 is added to verbs passive1 as ,darius eleganter ab ,alexandro victus est3 ,darius was elegantly licked by ,alexander4 ,the other cases continue to belong to verbs passive which belonged to them as verbs active1 as ,titanes ls majestatis accusati sunt3 ,the ,titans were indicted for high treason4 ,and being found guilty were quartered in a very uncomfortable manner1 as well as drawn by various artists1 whose skill in execution has been much commended4 ,vapulo1 to be beaten1 veneo1 to be sold1 liceo1 to be prized1 exulo1 to be banished1 fio1 to be made1 neuter passives1 have a passive construction1 as ,a prceptore vapulabis4 ,eton ,gram4 ,you will be beaten by the master4 ,it appears to us that vapulo1 to be beaten1 is here at all events more susceptible of a passive construction than a funny one4 ,malo a cive spoliari quam ab hoste venire4 ,eton ,gram4 ,i had rather be stripped by a citizen than sold by an enemy4 ,the ,romans were regularly sold by the enemy for once1 when they had to go under the yoke4 ,,verbs ,,of ,,the ,,infinitive ,,mood4 ,verbs of the infinitive mood are put after some verbs1 participles1 and adjectives1 and substantives also by the poets1 as ,timotheus ursos saltare fecit3 ,timotheus made the bears dance4 ,this was done in ancient as it is in modern times1 by playing the ,pandean pipes4 ,inconcinnus erat cerni ,telamonius ,ajax2 ,ajax 7ut referunt7 vir bonus ire minor3 ,the ,telamonian ,ajax was a rum un to look at2 ,the lesser ,ajax 7as they say7 a good un to go4 ,the ,grecians used to call ,ajax senior1 the fighting cock1 and ,ajax junior1 the running cock4 ,verbs of the infinitive mood are sometimes placed alone by the figure ellipsis1 as ,siphonum de more oculis demittere fluctus ,dardanid3 ,the ,trojans 7began understood7 to pipe their eyes4 ,as for neas he might have been a town crier4 ,,gerunds ,,and ,,supines govern the cases of their own verbs1 as ,efferor studio pulices industrios videndi3 ,i am transported with the desire of seeing the industrious fleas4 ,illustration ,,gerunds4 ,when ,dido found neas would not come1 ,she mourned in silence1 and was ,di-do-dum4 ,gerunds in di have the same construction as genitive cases1 and depend both on certain substantives and adjectives1 as ,londinensem innatus amor civem urget edendi3 ,an innate love of eating excites the ,london citizen4 ,people are accustomed to utter a great deal of cant about the intellectual poverty of civic magistrates1 and common councilmen in general2 but it must be allowed that those respectable individuals have often a great deal in them4 ,illustration3 ,,turtur ,,aldermanicus4 ,gerunds in do have the same construction with ablative1 and gerunds in dum with accusative cases1 as ,scribendi ratio conjuncta cum loquendo est3 ,the means of writing are joined with speaking4 ,some things are written precisely after the writer's way of speaking4 ,we once1 for example1 saw the following notice posted in a gentleman's preserve4 ,whear 'as ,gins and ,engens are ,set on ,thes ,grouns for the ,destruction ,of ,varmint1 ,any trespussing ,will be prossy- ,cuted a-cordin ,too ,law4 ,locus ad agendum amplissimus3 ,a place very honourable to plead in4 ,it may be questioned whether ,cicero would have said this of the ,old ,bailey4 ,when necessity is signified1 the gerund in dum is used without a preposition1 the verb est being added4 ,cavendum est ne deprnsus sis3 ,you must take care you 're not caught out4 ,illustration ,a piece of advice of special importance to schoolboys on many occasions1 such as the following3 shirking down town2 making devils1 or letting off gunpowder behind the school1 or in the yard2 conducting a foray or predatory excursion in gardens and orchards2 emulating ,jupiter1 la ,salmoneus1-- in his attribute of ,cloud-,compelling-- by blowing a cloud1 or to speak in the vernacular1 indulging in a cigar2 hoisting a frog2 tailing a dog or cat1 or in any other way acting contrary to the precepts of the ,animals' ,friend ,society2 learning to construe on the ,hamiltonian system2 furtively denuding the birch-rods of their budding honours4 ,cum multis aliis qu nunc perscribere longum est4 ,gerunds are also changed into nouns adjective1 as ,ad faciendos versus molestum est3 ,it is a bore to make verses4 ,this being a self-evident proposition1 we shall not enlarge upon it4 ,the supine in um signifies actively1 and follows a verb expressing motion to a place1 as ,spectatum veniunt1 veniunt spectentur ut ips3 ,they come to see1 they come that they themselves may be seen4 ,so said1 or sung the poet ,ovid4 ,was there an opera at ,rome in his time8 ,the supine in u signifies passively1 and follows nouns adjective1 as ,quod olfactu foedum est1 idem est et esu turpe3 ,that which is foul to be smelled1 is also nasty to be eaten4 ,except venison1 onions1 and cheese4 ,,nouns ,,of ,,time ,,and ,,place4 ,,time4 ,tempus-- time4 ,there is a story1 mentioned 7we quote from memory7 by the learned ,joe ,miller2 of a fellow who seeing ,tempus ,fugit inscribed upon a clock1 took it for the name of the artificer4 ,persons who have lived a long time in the world1 are generally accounted sage2 and are sometimes considered to have had a good seasoning4 ,nouns which signify a part of time are put more commonly in the ablative case1 as ,nemo mortalium omnibus horis sapit3 ,no mortal man is wise at all hours4 ,the excuse of a philosopher for getting married4 ,but nouns which signify the duration of time are commonly put in the accusative case1 as ,pugna inter juvenem ,curtium et ,titum ,sabinum tres horas perduravit4 ,the fight between young ,curtius and ,sabine ,titus lasted three hours4 ,it is an error to suppose that ,roman mills were only water-mills and wind-mills4 ,the above mill must have been rather a winder though1 and must have cost the combatants much pains4 ,we say also3 in paucis diebus1 in a few days3 de die1 by day1 de nocte1 by night1 c4 ,a jest upon the nouns of ,time would1 perhaps1 be somewhat ill timed3 we hope1 however1 to have ,space for one presently4 ,,the ,,space ,,of ,a ,,place4 ,the space of a place is put in the accusative1 and sometimes also in the ablative1 as ,csar jam mille passus processerat1 summ diligenti4 ,csar had now advanced a mile with the greatest diligence-- not on the top of the vehicle so named1 as a young gentleman was once flogged for saying4 ,qui non abest a schol centenis millibus passuum1 balatronem novi4 ,i know a blackguard who is not absent a hundred miles from the school4 ,cantare et apponere to sing and apply1 is the maxim we would here inculcate on our youthful readers4 ,every verb admits a genitive case of the name of a city or town in which any thing takes place1 so that it be of the first or second declension1 and of the singular number1 as ,quid ,rom faciam8 mentiri nescio3 ,what shall ,i do at ,rome8 ,i know not how to lie4 ,what a bare-faced perversion of the truth that cock and bull story is of ,curtius jumping into the hole in the forum4 ,how the ,romans managed to get credit from any body but the tailors is to us a mystery4 ,these genitive cases1 humi1 on the ground1 domi1 at home1 militi1 in war1 belli1 in war1 follow the construction of proper names1 as ,parvi sunt foris arma nisi est consilium domi3 ,arms are of little worth abroad unless there be wisdom at home4 ,cicero must have said this with a prospective eye to ,canada4 ,but if the name of a city or town shall be of the plural number only1 or of the third declension1 it is put in the ablative case1 as ,aiunt centum portas ,thebis fuisse3 ,they say there were an hundred gates at ,thebes4 ,you needn't believe it unless you like4 ,egregia ,tibure facta videnda sunt3 ,fine doings are to be seen at ,tivoli4 ,the name of a place is often put after verbs signifying motion to a place in the accusative case without a preposition1 as ,concessi ,cantabrigiam ad capiendum ingenii cultum3 ,i went to ,cambridge to become a fast man4 ,after this manner we use domus1 a house1 and rus1 the country1 as ,rus ire jussus sum1 ,i was rusticated4 ,domum missus eram1 ,i was sent home4 ,going too fast at ,cambridge sometimes necessitates1 in two senses1 a dose of country air4 ,the name of a place is sometimes added to verbs signifying motion from a place1 in the ablative case without a proposition1 as ,arbitror te ,virgini veteri venisse3 ,i reckon you've come from old ,virginny4 ,,verbs ,,impersonal4 ,verbs impersonal have no nominative case1 as ,scenas post tragicas multum juvat ire sub umbras3 ,after a tragedy it is very pleasant to go under the ,shades4 ,the worst of these ,shades is1 that people are now and then apt to get rather too much in the sun there4 ,these impersonals1 interest1 it concerns1 and refert1 it concerns1 are joined to any genitive cases1 except these ablative cases feminine1 me1 tu1 su1 nostr1 vestr1 and cuj1 as ,interest magistrats tueri insulsos1 animadvertere in acres4 ,it concerns the magistrate to defend the flats2 to punish the sharps4 ,these genitive cases also1 are added1 tanti1 of so much1 quanti1 of how much1 magni1 of much1 parvi1 of little1 quanticunque1 of how much soever1 tantidem1 of just so much2 as ,tanti refert honesta agere2 ,of such consequence is it to do honest things4 ,by this course of conduct1 you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate2 although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not1 is perhaps a doubtful question4 ,much may be said on both sides4 ,dishonesty1 it is true1 may lead to being taken up2 but then honesty often leads to being taken in4 ,yet honesty is said to be the best policy4 ,policy is a branch of wisdom1 and wisdom they say is in the wig4 ,certain wigs are retained at the head-- of affairs1 by a good deal of policy2 perhaps the best they could adopt-- a fact that throws considerable doubt on the truth of the old maxim4 ,illustration ,impersonal verbs which are put acquisitively1 require a dative case2 but those which are put transitively an accusative1 as-- ,a ministris nobis benefit3 ,we enjoy blessings from ,ministers4 ,for instance-- ,no-- ,we cannot think of any just at present4 ,me juvat per lunam errare1 et ,isabellam cantare3 ,i like to wander by moonlight1 and sing ,isabelle4 ,the connexion between love and moonlight is as interesting as it is certain4 ,we shrewdly suspect that the said planet has more to do with the tender passion than lovers are aware of4 ,but the preposition ad is peculiarly added to these verbs-- attinet1 it belongs1 pertinet1 it pertains1 spectat1 it concerns1 as ,spectat ad omnes bene vivere3 ,it concerns all to live well-- ,when they can afford it4 ,an accusative case with a genitive is put after these verbs impersonal-- poenitet1 it repents1 tdet1 it wearies1 miseret1 miserescit1 it pities1 pudet1 it shames1 piget1 it grieves1 as-- ,nihil me poenitet hujus nasi-- ,trist3 ,shand3 ,my nose has been the making of me4 ,a verb impersonal of the passive voice may be elegantly taken for each person of both numbers2 that is to say1 by virtue of a case added to it4 ,thus statur is used for sto1 stas1 stat1 stamus1 statis1 stant4 ,statur a me2 it is stood by me1 that is1 ,i stand2 statur ab illis3 it is stood by them1 or they stand4 ,king ,george the ,fourth's statue at ,king's ,cross is a standing joke4 ,illustration ,king's ,cross _/ ,,winkles's _/ ,steel and ,copper ,plate ,manufactory ,,the ,,construction ,,of ,,participles4 ,participles govern the cases of the verbs from which they are derived1 as-- ,duplices tendens ad sidera palmas1 ,talia voce refert3 ,stretching forth his hands to heaven1 he utters such things4 ,illustration ,this reminds us of the ,italian opera4 ,a dative case is sometimes added to participles of the passive voice1 especially when they end in dus1 as-- ,sollicito nasus rutilans metuendus amanti est3 ,a fiery nose is to be feared by an anxious lover4 ,participles1 when they become nouns1 require a genitive case1 as-- ,vectigalis appetens1 lingu profusus3 ,greedy of rint1 lavish of blarney4 ,exosus1 hating1 perosus1 utterly hating1 pertsus1 weary of1 signifying actively1 require an accusative case1 as-- ,philosophus exosus ad unam mulieres3 ,a philosopher hating women in general1 i4e4 a ,malthusian4 ,exosus1 hated1 and perosus1 hated to death1 signifying passively1 are read with a dative case1 as ,comoedi sanctis exosi sunt3 ,the comedians are hated by the saints4 ,we mean the spiritual ,quixotes1 or ,knights of the ,rueful ,countenance4 ,we calculate that they will be the greatest patrons of rail roads1 considering their dislike to the stage4 ,natus1 born1 prognatus1 born1 satus1 sprung1 cretus1 descended1 creatus1 produced1 ortus1 risen1 editus1 brought forth1 require an ablative case1 and often with a preposition1 as-- ,taffius1 bonis prognatus parentibus1 cerevisiam haud tenuem de sese existimat3 ,taffy1 sprung of good parents1 thinks no small beer of himself4 ,de ,britannis ,antiquis se jactat editum3 ,he boasts of being descended from the ,ancient ,britons4 ,q4 ,why is the eldest son of a ,king of ,england like a ,leviathan8 ,a4 ,because he is the ,prince of ,wales4 ,,the ,,construction ,,of ,,adverbs4 ,en and ecce1 adverbs of showing1 are joined most commonly to a nominative case1 to an accusative case but seldom1 as ,en ,romanus3 ,see the ,roman 7q4 rum-un47 ,ecce ,corinthium3 ,behold the ,corinthian4 ,modern ,corinthians1 we fear1 know but little ,greek1 except that of the gidiac1 or ,st4 ,giles's dialect4 ,en and ecce1 adverbs of upbraiding1 are joined most commonly to an accusative case only1 as-- ,en togam squamosam6 ,look at his scaly toga6 ,ecce caudam6 ,twig his tail6 ,illustration ,plate3 ,,domestic ,,elocution ,,my ,,name ,,is ,,norval ,,on ,,the ,,grampian ,,hills ,certain adverbs of time1 place1 and quantity1 admit a genitive case1 as ,ubi gentium est ,quadra ,russelliana8 ,where in the world is ,russell ,square8 ,we must confess that this question is exquisitely absurd4 ,nihil tunc temporis amplius quam flere poteram3 ,i could do nothing more at that time than weep4 ,talking of weeping-- how odd it is that an affectionate wife should cry when her husband is transported for life4 ,satis eloquenti1 sapienti parum3 ,eloquence enough1 wisdom little enough4 ,this quotation applies very forcibly to domestic oratory as practised by small boys at the instigation of their mamma1 for the amusement of visitors4 ,those on whom little bird with boothom wed1 deep in the windingths of a whale1 or my name is ,nawval1 and the like recitations are inflicted1 have satis eloquenti-- enough of eloquence1 in all conscience2 and we cannot but think that sapienti parum1 wisdom little enough is displayed by all the other parties concerned4 ,some adverbs admit the cases of the nouns from which they are derived1 as ,juvenis benevolus sibi inutiliter vivit3 ,the good-natured young man lives unprofitably to himself-- ,especially if he have a large circle of female acquaintance4 ,these adverbs of diversity1 aliter1 otherwise1 and secus1 otherwise2 and these two1 ante1 before1 and post1 after1 are often joined to an ablative case1 as-- ,plure aliter4 ,more t'other4 ,multo ante4 ,much before4 ,paulo post4 ,little behind4 ,illustration ,those who are much before1 are guilty of a great waste-- of time2 and those who are little behind should make it up by a bustle4 ,instar1 like or equal to1 and ergo1 for the sake of1 being taken as adverbs1 have a genitive case after them1 as-- ,instar montis equum divina ,palladis arte dificant3 ,by the divine assistance of ,pallas they build a horse as big as a mountain4 ,this may appear incredible2 yet the learned ,munchausenius relates prodigies much more astonishing4 ,mentitur ,virgilius leporis ergo3 ,virgil tells lies for fun4 ,as may be sufficiently seen in the example before the last1 and also in the sixth book of the neid1 passim4 ,,the ,,construction ,,of ,,conjunctions4 ,conjunctions copulative and disjunctive1 couple like cases1 moods1 and tenses1 as ,socrates docuit ,xenophontem et ,platonem geographiam1 astronomiam1 et rationem globorum3 ,socrates taught ,xenophon and ,plato geography1 astronomy1 and the use of the globes4 ,q4 ,how may a waterman answer the polite interrogation ,who are you8 correctly1 and designate at the same time1 an educational institution4 ,a4 ,by saying ,a-cad-am-,i4 ,the foregoing rule 7not riddle7 holds good1 unless the reason of a different construction requires it should be otherwise1 as ,emi librum centussi et pluris3 ,i bought a book for a hundred pence1 and more1 #ajj;d4 are #hs4 #d;d4 --,walkinghame4 ,the conjunction1 quam1 than1 is often understood after amplius1 more1 plus1 more1 and minus1 less1 as ,amplius sunt sex menses3 ,there are more than six months4 ,for this interesting piece of information we are indebted to ,cicero4 ,the author to whom reference has just been made1 has somewhere1 if we mistake not1 a similar observation4 ,in thus ushering the ,tutor's ,assistant into notice1 we feel that we are citing a work of which it is impossible to make too comical mention4 ,thank goodness there are not more than six months in a half year6 ,,to ,,what ,,moods ,,of ,,verbs ,,certain ,,adverbs ,,and ,,conjunctions ,,do ,,agree4 ,ne1 an1 num1 whether put doubtfully or indefinitely1 are joined to a subjunctive mood1 as-- ,nihil refert fecerisne an persuaseris3 ,it matters nothing whether you have done it or persuaded to it-- as the school-master said when he got hold of the wrong end of the cane4 ,here it may be remarked-- ,first1 that the young gentlemen who play tricks with tallow are likely to get more whacks than they like on their fingers4 ,secondly-- ,that a master whose hand is in ,grease cannot be expected to be at the same time in ,a-merry-key4 ,dum1 for dummodo1 so that1 and quousque1 until1 requires a subjunctive mood1 as-- ,dum felix sis1 quid refert8 ,what's the odds1 so long as you're happy4 ,qui1 signifying the cause1 requires a subjunctive mood1 as ,stultus es qui ,ovidio credas3 ,you are a fool for believing ,ovid4 ,ut1 for1 postquam1 after that1 sicut1 as1 and quomodo1 how1 is joined to an indicative mood2 but when it signifies quanquam1 although1 utpote1 forasmuch as1 or the final cause1 to a subjunctive mood1 as ,ut sumus in ,ponto ter frigore constitit ,ister3 ,since that we are in ,pontus the ,danube has stood frozen three times4 ,were skating and sliding classical accomplishments8 ,ambition1 we know1 led many of the ,romans to tread on slippery ground3 many of them struck out new paths1 but none 7that we have heard of7 ever struck out a slide4 ,imagine ,cato or ,seneca coming the cobbler's knock4 ,te oro1 domine1 ut exeam3 ,please1 sir1 let me go out4 ,lastly1 all words put indefinitely1 such as are these1 quis1 who1 quantus1 how great1 quotus1 how many1 require a subjunctive mood1 as ,cave cui incurras1 inepte3 ,mind who you run against1 stupid4 ,illustration ,such may have been the speech of a ,roman cabman4 ,a very curious specimen of the tessera1 or badge1 worn on the breast by this description of persons1 has lately been discovered at ,herculaneum4 ,illustration ,,the ,,construction ,,of ,,prepositions4 ,a preposition being understood1 sometimes causes an ablative case to be added1 as ,habeo pigneratorem loco avunculi2 i4e4 in loco3 ,i esteem a pawnbroker in the place of an uncle3 that is1 in loco4 ,a preposition in composition sometimes governs the same case which it also governed out of composition1 as ,jupiter ,olympo ,vulcanum calce exegit3 ,jupiter kicked ,vulcan out of ,olympus4 ,this was not only an ungentlemanly1 but also an ungodly act on ,jupiter's part4 ,reasoning posteriori1 one would think it must have been very unpleasant to ,vulcan4 ,prteriit me in ,quadrante insalutatum3 ,he cut me in the ,quadrant4 ,verbs compounded with a1 ab1 de1 e1 ex1 in1 sometimes repeat the same prepositions with their case out of composition1 and that elegantly1 as ,abstinuerunt a vino3 ,they abstained from wine4 ,this properly is an allusion to the ,tiber-totallers4 ,it should be remembered that tea was unknown in ,rome1 except as the accusative case of a pronoun4 ,in1 for1 erga1 towards1 contra1 against1 ad1 to1 and supra1 above1 requires an accusative case1 as ,quietum ,accipit in pueros animum mentemque benignam3 ,he admits kind thoughts and inclinations towards the boys4 ,the master does-- when he gives them a half holiday or a blow out4 ,mr4 ,squeers 7vide ,nicholas ,nick3 illustriss4 ,boz47 was in the habit of making much of the young gentlemen intrusted to his care4 ,sub1 when it relates to time1 is commonly joined to an accusative case1 as ,sub idem tempus-- ,isaaculus trans maria deportatus est3 ,about the same time-- ,ikey was transported beyond the seas4 ,we say beyond the seas1 lest it should be questioned whether ,mr4 ,i4 was transported as a necessary or contingent consequence of cheating4 ,super1 for1 ultra1 beyond1 is put with an accusative case1 for de1 concerning1 with an ablative case1 as ,super et ,garamantas et ,indos ,proferet imperium3 ,he will extend the empire both beyond the ,africans and the ,indians4 ,a wide rule expressed in poetical measure4 ,quid de domesticis ,peruviorum rebus censeas8 ,what may be your opinion concerning the domestic economy of the ,peruvians8 ,tenus1 as far as1 is joined to an ablative case1 both in the singular and plural number1 as ,cervice1 auribusque tenus ,marius in luto inveniebatur3 ,marius was found up to his neck and ears in mud4 ,what a lark6 or rather a mud lark4 ,but tenus is joined to a genitive only in the plural1 and it always follows its case1 as ,crurum tenus3 up to the legs4 ,which it is very necessary to be at ,epsom and ,ascot4 ,,the ,,construction ,,of ,,interjections4 ,interjections are often put without a case1 as ,spem gregis1 ah6 silice in nud connixa reliquit3 ,having yearned1 she left the hope of the flock1 alas6 upon the bare flint stones4 ,and exposed to the steely-hearted world1 which1 as an ,irishman remarked1 was a dangerous situation for tinder infancy4 ,it must have been1 to say the least1 a most uncomfortable berth4 ,o6 of one exclaiming1 is joined to a nominative1 accusative1 and vocative case1 as ,o lex6 ,oh law6 ,o alaudas6 ,oh larks6 ,oh meum6 ,oh my6 ,o care6 ,oh dear6 ,we cannot find out what is ,latin for oh ,crikey6 ,heu6 and proh6 alas6 are joined1 sometimes to a nominative1 sometimes to an accusative1 and occasionally to a vocative case1 as-- ,heu bellis6 ,lack-a-daisy4 ,heu diem6 ,lack-a-day4 ,proh ,clamor6 ,oh cry6 ,proh deos pisciculosque6 ,oh1 ye gods and little fishes6 ,heu miserande puer6 ,oh1 boy1 to be pitied6 ,what boy is more to be pitied than a junior boy8 ,the ,fagin system described in ,oliver ,twist is nothing compared to that adopted in public schools4 ,people may say what they will of the beneficial effect which it produces on the minds of those who are subjected to it-- we contend that to breed a gentleman's son up like a tiger is the readiest way to make a beast of him4 ,hei6 and v6 alas1 are joined to a dative case1 as ,hei mihi quod nullis amor est medicabilis herbis3 ,woe is me that love is curable by no herbs4 ,plate3 ,,heu6 ,,miserande ,,puer6 ,ovid never would have said that1 if he had smoked a cigar or chewed tobacco4 ,the ancients believed that love might be excited by certain articles taken from the vegetable kingdom4 ,why then should it be considered impossible to allay the same feeling in a similar manner8 ,every bane has its corresponding antidote2 if so1 there may be physic even for a philter4 ,and for the pangs which a virgin has inflicted1 what remedy could be prescribed more reasonable than the ,virginian weed2-- besides1 love generally ends in smoke4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,cure ,,for ,,the ,,heartache4 ,v misero capiti1 madefacto1 spe fenestr ,imbribus immundis1 ,lydia cara1 tu3 ,woe to my wretched head1 often wetted1 dear ,lydia1 by the unclean showers of your window4 ,this would be a proper place for introducing a few remarks on the ancient mode of serenading2 which we are prevented from doing by the very imperfect state of our present information on this interesting point4 ,it is1 however1 pretty generally admitted that the ,romans always took care to provide themselves with an umbrella on these occasions1 and this for a reason which the above distich will have rendered sufficiently obvious4 ,it appears to us that so salutary a precaution is well worthy of being sometimes adopted in these modern days-- and with this hint we conclude the ,syntax4 ,,prosody4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,as explained at the beginning of the e-text1 vowels with macron 7long mark7 are shown as ,,capitals1 while vowels with breve 7short mark7 are shown in braces4 ,long vowels that are already capitalized 7very rare7 are shown in brackets4 ,all you that bards of note would be1 ,must study well your ,prosody4 ,as ,comparative ,anatomy teaches what the sound of a cod-fish is2 so ,prosody teaches what is the sound of syllables4 ,sound and quantity mean the same thing2 though how that fact is to be reconciled with the proverb1 great cry and little wool1 we do not know4 ,prosody is divided into three parts4 ,tone1 ,breathing1 and ,time4 ,as to tone-- boys are usually required to repeat it in a loud one1 without stammering or drawling2 and with as little breathing and time1 or breathing-time1 as possible4 ,we shall leave tone to the consideration of pianoforte and fiddle-makers2 and breathing to doctors and chemists1 who can analyze it a great deal better than we can4 ,in this place we think proper to treat only of ,time4 ,now of ,time a very great deal may be said1 taking the word in all the senses in which it is capable of being used4 ,in the first place1 ,time flies-- but this we have had occasion to observe before2 as also that ,time is a very great eater4 ,in the second1 ,time is a very ill-used personage2 he is spent1 wasted1 lost1 kicked down1 and killed-- the last as often as an ,irishman is-- but for all that he never complains4 ,it is a question whether keeping ,time1 or losing ,time1 is the essential characteristic of dancing4 ,then we might expatiate largely about the value of ,time1 and of the propriety of taking him by the forelock-- but for two reasons4 ,one of them is1 that all this has been said long ago2 the other1 that it is nothing at all to the purpose4 ,we might also quote extensively from ,dr4 ,culpeper's ,herbal1 and from ,linnus and ,jussieu2 but the time we speak of1 7although we hope it will be twigged by the reader17 is no plant2 nevertheless it is a necessary ingredient in grammatical stuffing4 ,time in prosody is the measure of the pronouncing of a syllable4 ,like whist1 it is divided into ,long and ,short4 ,a long time is marked thus1 as s,um,ens1 taking3 a short time thus2 as pilula1 a pill4 ,a foot is the placing together of two or more syllables1 according to the certain observation of their time1 the organ of which should be well developed for that purpose4 ,ordinary feet are long feet1 short feet1 broad feet1 splay feet1 club feet1 and bumble feet1 to which may be added cloven feet in the case of certain animals1 and an old gentleman4 ,there are several kinds of ,latin feet2 here1 however1 we shall only notice spondees and dactyls4 ,a spondee is a foot of two syllables1 as ,inf,ans1 an infant4 ,a dactyl is a foot of three syllables1 as ,angelus1 an angel1 p,orculus1 a little pig4 ,scanning is measuring a verse as you are measured by your tailor-- by the foot1 according to rule4 ,to scanning there belong the figures called ,synaloepha1 ,ecthlipsis1 ,synresis1 ,diresis1 and ,csura4 ,synaloepha is the cutting off a vowel at the end of a word1 before another at the beginning of the next2 as ,occl,us,is ,ev,asi ocul,is n,as,oque cru,ent,o3 ,i came off with my eyes bunged up and a bloody nose4 ,we have here knocked out an i in evasi1 on the strength of a synaloepha4 ,but heu and o are never cut off-- at least there are no cases on record in which this operation has been performed4 ,ecthlipsis is as often as the letter m is cut off with its vowel2 the next word beginning with a vowel1 as ,m,onstrum h,orr,endum ,inf,orme ,ing,ens-- spect,avimus h,ort,is3 ,we saw a horrible1 ugly1 great monster in the gardens4 ,if every bear and boar were kept in a den-- what a fine world this would be4 ,synresis is the contraction of two syllables into one1 as in alvearia1 pronounced alvaria4 ,str,avit hum,i d,em,ens c,onf,erta ,alve,aria ,j,un,o3 ,mad ,juno threw the crowded beehives on the ground4 ,hydrophobia occurring in a queen bee from the bite of a dog would be an interesting case to the faculty4 ,diresis is the separation of one syllable into two1 as evoluisse for evolvisse4 ,thus ,ovid says1 alluding probably to the padding system adopted by dandies and theatrical artists1 ,d,ebuerant f,us,os ,evolu,isse su,os3 ,they ought to have unwound their spindles4 ,csura is when after a perfect foot 7though not one like ,taglioni's71 a short syllable is made long at the end of a word1 as ,p,ectorib,us inhi,ans-- m,oll,es1 ,en1 d,eserit ,al,as3 ,intent upon the breasts 7of the fowls7 lo6 he deserts the tender wings4 ,,of ,,the ,,kinds ,,of ,,verses4 ,should any one seek here for an account of every kind of verse used by the ,latin poets1 all we can say is-- we wish he may get it4 ,as it behoveth no one to be wiser than the law1 so it behoveth not us to be wiser than the ,eton ,grammar4 ,the verses which boys are commonly taught to make are hexameters and pentameters4 ,an hexameter verse consists of six feet4 ,as the ancient heroes were at least six feet high1 this is probably the reason why it is also called an heroic verse4 ,the fifth foot in this kind of verse should be a dactyl1 the sixth a spondee2 the other feet may be either dactyls or spondees2 as ,obst,ant,i pluvi,is v,en,it c,um t,egmine ,s,amb,o3 ,sambo came with his ,macintosh4 ,the fifth foot also is sometimes a spondee1 as ,cl,aviger ,alc,id,es1 m,agn,um ,jovis ,incr,em,ent,um4 ,hercules1 king of clubs1 great offspring of ,jupiter4 ,the last syllable of every verse is a common affair4 ,an elegiac1 lack-a-daisical1 or pentameter verse1 consists of four feet and two long syllables1 one of which is placed between the second and third foot1 and the other at the end of the verse4 ,the two first feet may be dactyls1 spondees1 or both2 the two last are always dactyls1 as ,r,es ,est ,inf,el,ix1 pl,enaque fr,audis am,or3 ,love is an unlucky affair1 and full of humbug4 ,we feel compelled1 notwithstanding what has been before said1 to make a few additions to what is contained in the ,eton ,grammar with respect to verses4 ,the rhythm of ,latin verses may be easily learned by practising 7out of school71 exercises on the principle of the examples following-- ,d,um didle1 d,i d,um1 d,um d,um1 d,eedledy1 d,e,edle de1 d,um dum2 ,d,um didle1 d,um dum1 d,e1 d,eedledy1 d,eedledy1 d,um4 ,n4,b4 ,the following familiar piece of poetry would not have been admitted into the ,comic ,latin ,grammar1 but that there being many various readings of it1 we wished to transmit the right one to posterity4 ,patres conscripti-- took a boat and went to ,philippi4 ,trumpeter unus erat qui coatum scarlet habebat1 ,stormum surgebat1 et boatum overset-ebat1 ,omnes drownerunt1 quia swimaway non potuerunt1 ,excipe ,john ,periwig tied up to the tail of a dead pig4 ,here1 also1 this poetical curiosity may perhaps be properly introduced4 ,conturbabantur ,constantinopolitani1 ,innumerabilibus sollicitudinibus4 ,,of ,,the ,,quantity ,,of ,,the ,,first ,,syllable4 ,there is a river in ,macedon and a river in ,monmouth3 in like manner there are positions in dancing and positions in ,prosody4 ,the following vowels are long by position4 #a4 ,a vowel before two consonants1 or before a double consonant in the same word-- as p,inguis1 fat1 ,ingens1 great1 ,ajax1 the name of a hero4 #b4 ,a vowel coming before one consonant at the end of a word1 and another at the beginning of the next1 as ,maj,or s,um qu,am cui poss,it tua virga nocere3 ,i'm a bigger boy than your rod is able to hurt4 ,the syllables jor1 sum1 quam1 and sit1 are long by position4 ,plate3 ,,patres ,,conscripti ,,took ,a ,,boat ,,and ,,went ,,to ,,philippi ,,trumpeter ,,unus ,,erat ,,qui ,,coatum ,,scarlet ,,habebat4 #c4 ,sometimes1 but seldom1 a short vowel at the end of a word placed before two consonants at the beginning of the next2 as ,occult,a spolia hi ,croceo de ,colle ferebant3 ,these persons brought the secret spoils from ,saffron ,hill4 ,a short vowel before a mute1 a liquid following1 is rendered common1 as in the word patris4 ,sunt quibus ornatur ,jenkins femoralia p,atris3 ,the breeches that ,jenkins is rigged out in are his father's4 ,a vowel before another is always short1 as tua1 thy1 memoria1 memory4 ,except the genitive cases of pronouns in ius1 where the i is a common i1 although alterius has always a short i and al,ius a long i4 ,except1 likewise1 those genitive and dative cases of the fifth declension where the vowel e1 like ,punch's nose1 is made long between two i's1 as faci,ei1 of a face4 ,illustration ,the syllable fi also in f,io is long1 except e and r follow together1 as fierem1 fieri4 ,f,ient qu ,fieri ,facias mandata vocantur3 ,the writ which is called ,fieri ,facias will be made4 ,fi4 fa4 is a legal instrument that deprives a poor man of his mattress that a rich one may lounge on his ottoman4 ,ca4 ,sa4 is a similar benevolent contrivance for punishing misfortune as felony4 ,d,ius1 heavenly1 has the first syllable long2-- ,diana1 common3 and so has the interjection ,ohe6 ,thus there's a common medium of connexion1 ,between a goddess and an interjection4 ,a vowel before another in ,greek words is sometimes long1 as ,crula1 ,p,ierides1 sunt vobis tegmina crurum3 ,oh1 ,muses1 your stockings are blue4 ,also in ,greek possessives1 as ,somniculosa fuit1 pinguisque n,eia nutrix3 neas's nurse was sleepy and fat4 neas has often enough been represented in arms4 ,in ,latin mark1 that every dipthong ',s as long as any stage-coach whip-thong2 ,except before a vowel it goes1 ,when 'tis as short as ,elsler's clothes4 ,words derived from others are tarred with the same stick1 that is1 are assigned the same quantity as those which they are derived from1 with some few exceptions1 which we must trouble the student to fish for4 ,compounds follow the quantity of their simple words1 as from lego legis1 to read1 comes perlego1 to read through4 ,by the way1 reading does not always induce reading through2 though we hope it may in the case of the ,c4 ,l4 ,g4 ,if to a preterperfect tense belong ,two only syllables1 the first is long2 ,as v,eni1 v,idi1 v,ici1 speech so cool4 ,which ,csar made to illustrate our rule2 ,to which we need not cite exceptions small4 ,look in your ,gradus and you'll find them all4 ,consult also the ,eton ,grammar1 and works of the poets1 passim1 as well for exceptions to the above as to the two following rules3 #a4 ,words that double the first syllable of the preterperfect tense have the first syllable short-- as cecid,i from cado1 c4 ,fortis ,higinbottom cecidit terramque momordit3 ,brave ,higinbottom fell and bit the ground4 #b4 ,a supine of two syllables has the first syllable long-- ,as v,isum l,atum l,otum m,otum3 ,and many more if we could quote 'em4 ,,of ,,the ,,quantity ,,of ,,the ,,last ,,syllable4 ,we have had a poetical fit gradually growing upon us for some time-- 'tis of no use to resist-- so here goes-- ,oh6 ,muse1 thine aid afford to me1 ,inspire my ,ideality2 ,thou who1 benign1 in days of yore1 ,didst heavenly inspiration pour ,on him1 who luckily for us ,sang ,propria ,qu ,maribus2 ,teach me to sound on quiv'ring lyre1 ,prosodial strains in notes of fire2 ,words' ends shall be my theme sublime1 ,now first descanted on in rhyme4 ,come1 little boys1 attention lend1 ,all words are long in a that end3 7,in proof of which ,i'll bet a quart17 ,excepting those which must be short-- ,as puta1 ita1 postea1 quia1 ,eja1 and every case in ia2 ,or a1 save such as we must class ,with ,grecian vocatives in as1 ,and ablatives of first declension-- ,besides the aforesaid1 we may mention ,nouns numeral that end in ginta1 ,which common1 as a bit of flint are4 ,some terminate in b1 d1 t2 ,all these are short2 but those in c ,form toes-- ,i mean1 form ends of feet ,as long-- as long as ,oxford ,street4 ,though nec and donec every bard ,hath written short as ,hanway yard1 ,fac1 hic1 and hoc are common1 though ,th' ablative h,oc is long you know4 ,now e finita short are reckon'd1 ,like to a jiffey or a second1 ,though we must call the ,gradus wrong1 ,or these1 of fifth declension1 long4 ,as also particles that come ,in mode derivative therefrom4 ,long second persons singular ,of second conjugation are1 ,and monosyllables in e4 ,take1 for example1 m,e1 t,e1 s,e1 ,then1 too1 adverbial adjectives ,are long as rich old women's lives-- ,if from the second declination ,of adjectives they've derivation3 ,pulchr,e and doct,e1 are the kind ,of adverbs that ,i have in mind4 ,ferm,e is long1 and fer,e also-- ,bene1 and male1 not at all so4 ,lastly1 each final eta ,greek1 ,is long on all days of the week-- ,to wit-- 7for thus we render nempe7 ,leth,e1 ,anchis,e1 cet,e1 ,temp,e4 ,those words as long we classify ,which end1 like egotists1 in i1 ,rememb'ring mihi1 tibi1 sibi ,are common1 so are ubi1 ibi2 ,nisi is always short1 and quasi's ,short also1 so are certain cases ,in i-- ,greek vocatives and datives 7,at least if we may trust the natives27 ,making their genitives in os1 ,for instance-- ,phyllis1 ,phyllidos4 7,a name oft utter'd with a sigh17 ,whereof the dative ends in i4 ,words in l ending short are all1 ,save n,il for nihil1 s,al1 and s,ol1 ,and some few ,hebrew words t'were well ,to cite2 as ,micha,el1 ,rapha,el4 ,your n's are long1 save forsitan ,in1 tamen1 attamen1 and an ,veruntamen and forsan1 which ,are short as any tailor's stitch2 ,these1 therefore1 we except1 and then ,contractions per apocopen-- ,as viden'8 men'8 and audin8-- so in ,exin' and subin'1 dein'1 proin'4 ,an1 from a nominative in a ,ending a word is short1 they say1 ,but every an for long must pass ,derived from nominative in as4 ,nouns1 too1 in en are short whose finis ,doth in the genitive make inis4 ,and so are n's that do delight in ,an i and y-- ,alexin1 ,ityn4 ,greek words are short ,i'd have you know1 ,that end in on with little o1 ,common are terminating o's1 ,cases oblique except from those1 ,adverbial adjectives as fals,o ,are long1-- take tant,o1-- quant,o also2 ,save mutuo1 sedulo1 and crebro4 ,common as vestment vending ,hebrew4 ,modo and quomodo among ,short o's we rank-- nor to be long4 ,nor cito1 ego1 duo2 no nor ,ambo and ,homo ever prone are2 ,but monosyllables in o1 ,are counted long4 ,example-- st,o4 ,and omega1 the whole world over1 ',s as long as 'tis from here to ,dover4 ,if r should chance a word to wind up1 ',tis short in general1 make your mind up2 ,but f,ar1 l,ar1 n,ar1 and v,ir1 and f,ur ,p,ar1 comp,ar1 imp,ar1 disp,ar1 c,ur1 ,as long must needs be cited here1 ,with words from ,greek that end in er2 ,though 'mong the ,latins from this fate are ,these two exempted-- pater1 mater2 ,short in the final er we state 'em1 ,namely1 auctoritate vatum4 ,now1 s1 the ,eton ,grammar says1 ,ends words in just as many ways ,as there are vowels-- five-- as thus ,in order1 as1 es1 is1 os1 us4 ,as1 in a general way appears ,long unto all but asses' ears1 ,but some ,greek words take care to mark as ,short1-- for example-- ,pallas1 ,arcas-- ,and nouns increasing plural sport ,an as accusative that's short4 ,es in the main's a long affair1 ,anchis,es1 such1 and patr,es are1 ,though of the third declension you ,as short such substantives must view1 ,the genitives of which increase1 ,derived from nominatives in es1 ,and have an accent short upon ,the syllable that's last but one4 ,as miles1 seges1 dives1 7which ,means what a ,poet is n't17-- rich3 ,but p,es is long1 with bip,es1 trip,es1 ,like to a hermit munching dry pease4 ,to these add ,cer,es1 ,saturn's cub1 7,name of a goddess1 and for grub ,the figure ,metonymy through17 ,and ari,es1 abi,es1 pari,es1 too4 ,sum with its compounds forming es1 ,are short1 join penes1 if you please1 ,item ,cyclopes ,naiades4 ,greek nominatives and plural neuters1 ,for lists of which consult your tutors4 ,is1 we call short1 as ,paris1 tristis1 ,save all such words as mens,is1 ist,is4 ,plurals oblique that end in is1 ,adding thereto for quibus qu,is4 ,the is in ,samn,is long by right is ,because its genitive's ,samn,itis1 ,where you observe a lengthened state ,of syllable penultimate4 ,the same to all such words applies1 ,and ,is contracted1 meaning eis1 ,long too1-- and pray remember this ,are monosyllables in is4 ,save is the nominative pronoun1 ,and quis1 and bis1 which last is no noun4 ,when verbs by is concluded are1 ,in second person singular2 ,but in the plural itis make1 ,the is is long1 and no mistake-- ,provided always that the pe- ,nultimate plural long shall be4 ,os1 saving compos1 impos1 os ,is long-- as hon,os domin,os4 ,the ,greek omicron 's short1 and that in ,all conscience must be so in ,latin4 ,words should be short in us1 unless ,authority has laid a stress ,on the penultimate of any ,word that increases in the geni- ,tive case when us is long1 the same ,pronunciation nouns may claim-- ,declined like grad,us or like man,us ,though here exceptions still detain us4 ,the first case and the fifth are those ,singular2 short as monkey's nose4 ,long are m,us1 cr,us1 and th,us and s,us ,all monosyllables in ,us1 ,and ,grecian nouns by diphthong ous1 ,translated us by men of nous4 ,lastly1 all words in u are long1 ,and so we end our classic song4 ,and not our song only1 but our work-- the companion of our solitude-- the object of our cares-- for which alone we live1 for which we consumed our midnight oil2 and not only that1 but also burnt a great deal of daylight4-- ,our work1 we say1 is ended-- and such as it is we commit it to the world4 ,horace says ,carm4 ,lib4 iii1 ,ode ,,xxx4 7an ode which by some strange association of ideas1 is always connected in our mind with the visionary image of a jug of ale17 ,exegi monumentum re perennius1 ,i have perfected a work more durable than brass4 ,whether our production is characterized by the durability of that metal or not1 is a question which we leave to the decision of posterity2 we cannot1 however1 help thinking that1 considering the boldness of our attempt1 it possesses figuratively at least1 something in common with the substance in question-- and we would fain hope that that something does not consist in hardness4 ,and now farewell to the reader-- farewell1 a word that must be and hath been-- said a great many times when once would have been quite sufficient4 ,we need not1 therefore1 repeat it2 nor need we say how much we hope that we have amused1 instructed him1 and so forth2 that being as much an understood thing to put at the end of a book1 as ,love to papa1 mamma1 brothers and sisters1 in a holiday letter4 ,nothing1 then1 remains for us now to do1 but to kick up our hat and cry ,,all ,,over4 ,,finis ,,list ,,of ,,etchings4 #a4 ,vocative case 7schoolmaster spatting a boy7 to face page #b4 #b4 ,schoolmaster beating a drum1 and boys singing in chorus1 text damaged1 #bb #c4 ,ingenuas pugni didicisse fideliter artes 7fight7 #eb #d4 ,prometheus ,vinctus 7vagabond in the stocks7 #gb #e4 ,smelling a ,pig 7boys at supper in the bed room7 #gd #f4 ,domestic ,oratory 7small boy spouting in a chair7 #ace #g4 ,heu miserande ,puer 7boy tossed in a blanket7 #add #h4 ,patres conscripti #aeb ,coe1 ,printer1 #bg1 ,old ,change1 ,st4 ,paul's4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,charles ,,tilt',s ,,list ,,of ,,new ,,and ,,popular ,books1 ,for ,presents1 the ,drawing-,room ,table1 c4 ,,eliza ,,cook',s ,,poetical ,,works2 ,beautifully ,illustrated ,edition4 ,post #hvo1 bound in cloth1 #afs42 morocco elegant1 #bjs4 ,miss ,cook is a writer of great promise4 ,her book contains a great number of lyrical and other poems1 many of which are extremely beautiful4 --,united ,service ,gazette4 ,a ,,gift ,,from ,,fairy ,,land2 ,a ,series of ,fairy ,legends4 ,profusely embellished with ,one ,hundred fanciful and illustrative ,etchings4 ,small #hvo1 very neatly bound1 price #abs4 ,sir ,walter ,scott's ,,lady ,,of ,,the ,,lake4 ,tilt's ,beautifully ,illustrated ,edition4 ,foolscap #hvo1 price #gs4 cloth2 #ajs4 #f;d4 morocco1 very elegant4 ,also1 same size and price1 ,,marmion2 ,a ,,tale ,,of ,,flodden ,,field4 ,engravings4 ,,lay ,,of ,,the ,,last ,,minstrel4 ,twelve ,engravings4 ,finden's ,,ports ,,and ,,harbours ,,of ,,great ,,britain4 ,fifty large ,plates1 engraved in the first style of art1 from ,drawings by ,,harding1 ,,balmer1 c4 c4 ,morocco elegant1 #al4 #aas4 #f;d4 ,finden's ,,illustrations ,,of ,,the ,,bible4 ,ninety-six ,views of the most interesting ,places mentioned in the ,old and ,new ,testament1 with ,descriptions by the ,rev4 ,t4 ,,hartwell ,,horne4 ,three vols1 demy #hvo1 morocco1 #cl4 #cs42 or in two vols1 super-royal #hvo1 neatly half-bound in morocco1 gilt edges1 #cl4 #ajs42 morocco1 #cl4 #afs4 ,finden's ,,illustrations ,,of ,,lord ,,byron',s ,,works4 ,one ,hundred and ,twenty-six ,plates in the highest style of art4 ,in two vols1 large #hvo1 beautifully bound in morocco1 #cl4 #cs4 ,,the ,,authors ,,of ,,england1 or1 ,biographical ,notices of ,modern ,literary ,characters4 ,by ,,henry ,f4 ,,chorley4 ,fourteen splendid medallion ,portraits4 ,imperial #dto1 #al4 #aas4 #f;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,and ,,interesting ,,works4 ,,the ,,poets ,,of ,,america2 ,illustrated by ,one of ,her ,painters1 ,with many beautiful ,embellishments engraved on ,steel1 in an entirely new style4 ,post #hvo1 cloth1 #ads42 morocco elegant1 #ahs4 ,,travels ,,in ,,south-,,eastern ,,asia2 ,including ,burmah1 ,malaya1 ,siam1 ,china1 and ,hindustan2 ,with a ,full ,account of the ,manners1 ,customs1 and ,commerce of the ,burmese1 c4 c4 ,by ,,howard ,,malcom4 ,two volumes post #hvo1 with a ,map and many ,illustrations1 #afs4 cloth4 ,,the ,,lyre2 ,,the ,,laurel2 ,a ,choice ,collection of the ,fugitive ,poetry of the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,neatly printed by ,whittingham4 ,each #ds4 cloth2 #fs4 #f;d4 morocco4 ,,tilt',s ,,cabinet ,,library1 ,beautifully printed in foolscap #hvo4 ,the following are now ready3-- #a4 ,,johnson',s ,,lives ,,of ,,the ,,poets4 ,many ,portraits4 #b4 ,,boswell',s ,,life ,,of ,,johnson4 #c4 ,,hervey',s ,,meditations4 #d4 ,,goldsmith',s ,,miscellaneous ,,works4 ,each volume will contain a complete work of the ,author1 at an extremely moderate price2 while care will be taken that the ,edition shall be neat1 correct1 and elegant4 ,price #fs4 cloth2 #hs4 #f;d4 morocco4 ,,the ,,comic ,,latin ,,grammar2 ,a ,new and ,facetious ,introduction to the ,latin ,tongue4 ,with numerous ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 #hs4 cloth4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustrated ,works1 ,with ,plates1 ,,elaborately ,,coloured1 ,after the ,original ,paintings4 #a4 ,,finden',s ,,tableaux2 or ,,prose1 ,,poetry1 and ,,art for #ahdj4 ,embellished in a new and unique style1 #cl4 #cs42 or plain1 #bl4 #bs4 #b4 ,,heath',s ,,shakspeare ,,gallery2 consisting of ,forty-five ,portraits of the ,female ,characters of ,shakspeare's ,plays1 from ,drawings by ,a4 ,e4 ,,chalon1 ,r4 ,a4 ,,stephanoff1 ,,bostock1 ,,meadows1 c4 #cl4 #acs44 #f;d42 or plain1 #bl4 #bs4 #c4 ,,the ,,ages ,,of ,,female ,,beauty3 ,,pictorial ,,illustrations ,,of ,,woman',s ,,life1 from ,drawings by the most eminent ,artists4 ,with ,prose and ,poetical ,illustrations1 by ,,barry ,,cornwall1 ,mrs4 ,,norton1 ,miss ,,jane ,,porter1 c4 #cas4 #f;d42 or plain1 #bas4 #d4 ,,le ,,byron ,,des ,,dames2 or1 ,portraits of the principal ,female ,characters in ,lord ,byron's ,poems4 ,containing ,thirty-nine highly-finished ,plates1 each illustrated by ,critical ,remarks and ,poetical ,extracts4 #cl41 or plain1 #al4 #aas4 #f;d4 #e4 ,,flora',s ,,gems2 or1 ,,the ,,treasures ,,of ,,the ,,parterre4 ,in ,twelve splendid ,groups of ,flowers drawn and coloured by ,,james ,,andrews4 ,the ,plates of this work are all coloured in the most finished style1 so as to equal first-rate ,drawings1 and are accompanied with ,poetical ,illustrations4 ,by ,,louisa ,,twamley4 #bl4 #bs4 #f4 ,,the ,,gallery ,,of ,,the ,,graces4 ,thirty-six ,beautiful ,female ,heads1 illustrating celebrated ,passages in ,modern ,british ,poets1 with accompanying ,extracts4 #cl42 or plain1 #cas4 #f;d4 #g4 ,,the ,,romance ,,of ,,nature3 or1 ,the ,flower ,seasons ,illustrated4 ,by ,l4 ,a4 ,,twamley4 #c;d edition1 #hvo1 #cas4 #f;d4 ,this is a book of singular beauty and taste4 ,twenty-seven exquisite coloured drawings of favourite flowers are accompanied by graceful quotations from the various authors who have felt their 'sweetest inspiration1' and some charming original poems4 ,whether for tasteful decoration1 originality1 or grace1 we have seen no superior to this most beautiful volume4 --,literary ,gazette4 #h4 ,,pearls ,,of ,,the ,,east2 or ,beauties from ,,lalla ,,rookh4 ,twelve large-sized ,portraits of the ,principal ,female ,characters in this celebrated ,poem4 ,designed by ,,fanny ,,corbaux4 #bl4 #abs4 #f;d42 or printed with tint1 #cas4 #f;d4 #i4 ,,harding',s ,,portfolio4-- ,twenty-four highly-finished ,views1 coloured under ,mr4 ,harding's directions4 ,imp4 #dto1 #cas4 #f;d42 or printed with tint1 #bas4 #aj4 ,,our ,,wild ,,flowers3 a ,popular and ,descriptive ,account of the ,wild ,flowers of ,england4 ,by ,l4 ,a4 ,,twamley1 ,author of ,the ,romance of ,nature4 ,many ,coloured ,plates1 #bas4 999999 ,all the above works are very handsomely bound and ornamented at the prices mentioned1 and have been expressly prepared for ,presents1 ,souvenirs1 the ,drawing-,room ,table1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,popular ,,juvenile ,,works1 ,just ,published4 ,,the ,,little ,,forget-,,me-,,not2 ,a ,love-,token for ,children4 ,prettily illustrated with ,twelve interesting ,engravings4 ,handsomely bound1 #bs4 #f;d42 or with ,coloured ,plates1 #ds4 ,third ,edition4 ,price #ds4 neatly bound1 ,,bingley',s ,,stories ,,about ,,dogs2 ,illustrative of ,their ,instinct1 ,sagacity1 and ,fidelity4 ,with ,plates by ,,landseer4 ,also1 same ,size and ,price1 ,bingley's ,,stories ,,about ,,horses ,bingley's ,,stories ,,about ,,instinct ,bingley's ,,tales ,,about ,,birds ,bingley's ,,tales ,,of ,,shipwrecks ,,tilt',s ,,hand-,,books ,,for ,,children2 ,each containing #dh pretty ,plates1 price #as4 #f;d4 neatly bound4 ,mrs4 ,child's ,,little ,,picture ,,bible4 ,mrs4 ,child's ,,little ,,picture ,,testament4 ,williams' ,,zoological ,,gardens1 ,regent's ,park4 ,may's ,little ,,book ,,of ,,british ,,birds4 ,may's ,little ,,book ,,of ,,quadrupeds4 ,williams' ,surrey ,,zoological ,,gardens4 ,others in ,preparation4 ,,bible ,,quadrupeds2 ,the ,natural ,history of the ,animals ,mentioned in ,scripture4 ,with ,sixteen ,engravings1 price #es4 neatly bound4 ,,tales ,,of ,,enterprise1 ,for the ,amusement of ,youth4 ,four ,steel ,plates1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,price #as4 #f;d4 each1 neatly bound1 ,,bob ,,the ,,terrier2 or1 ,memoirs of a ,dog of ,knowledge4 ,,dick ,,the ,,pony2 ,supposed to be ,written by ,himself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,and ,,popular ,,works4 ,,pictorial ,,french ,,dictionary1 ,illustrated with ,seven ,hundred and ,sixty ,characteristic ,engravings on ,wood4 ,a large #hvo volume1 #abs4 cloth4 ,cheap ,edition4 ,,the ,,pilgrims ,,of ,,the ,,rhine4 ,by ,sir ,e4 ,,lytton ,,bulwer1 ,author of ,,pelham1 ,,eugene ,,aram1 c4 ,with ,twenty-seven ,engravings1 from ,drawings by ,mc,clise1 ,roberts1 c4 c4 ,in medium #hvo1 uniform with ,campbell1 ,rogers1 c4 ,nearly ready4 ,,means ,,and ,,ends2 ,or ,,self-,,training1 by ,,miss ,,sedgwick1 author of ,,hope ,,leslie1 c4 #ahmo1 #cs4 #f;d4 cloth4 ,,laconics2 or the ,best ,words of the ,best ,authors4 ,three volumes1 embellished with ,thirty small ,portraits1 ,new and very cheap ,edition1 price #hs41 cloth4 ,there is a world of wit and wisdom in these three little volumes4 --,lit4 ,gaz4 ,,illustrations ,,of ,,the ,,bible4 ,from the ,monuments of ,egypt1 by ,w4 ,c4 ,taylor1 ,,ll4,d41 ,ninety-,three ,engravings1 price #fs4 #f;d41 cloth4 ,,the ,,redeemer1 ,a ,poem1 ,by ,,william ,,howorth1 author of the ,,cry ,,of ,,the ,,poor4 ,octavo1 #hs41 cloth4 ,we may venture to predict that this ,poem is not doomed to sink unnoticed1 but will be hailed with a very wide share of popularity1 as soon as its quality is known by a religious public4 --,court ,magazine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tilt',s ,,miniature ,,classics4 ,a ,choice ,collection of the ,works of the ,best ,authors1 ,complete1 ,,in ,,handsome ,,satin-,,wood ,,book-,,case1 ,with ,glass ,door1 and ,lock and ,key4 ,each volume of this admirable series of ,standard ,works is printed on the finest paper1 and is illustrated with an elegant ,frontispiece4 ,the binding is executed in a superior manner1 very tastefully ornamented4 ,the series1 bound in embossed cloth #e #ajs4 ,ditto ditto in silk #h #j ,ditto in morocco1 very elegant #aa #j ,,the ,,book-,,case ,,alone1 #bds4 ,any work may be purchased separately4 ,the prices per volume are3-- ,ornamented cloth1 gilt edges #as4 #f;d4 ,prettily bound in silk #b #j ,very handsome in ,morocco #c #j ,those to which a star is prefixed1 being much thicker than the others1 are ,sixpence per ,volume extra4 ,,bacon',s ,,essays1 ,moral and ,economical4 ,,beattie',s ,,minstrel1 a ,poem4 ,,channing',s ,,essays4 #b vols4 ,,chapone',s ,,letters ,,on ,,the ,,mind4 ,,coleridge',s ,,ancient ,,mariner1 c4 ,,cottin',s ,,elizabeth1 ,,or ,,the ,,exiles ,,of ,,siberia4 99 ,,cowper',s ,,poems4 #b vols4 ,,falconer',s ,,shipwreck4 ,,fenelon',s ,,reflections ,,and ,,thoughts4 99 ,,gems ,,of ,,anecdote4 ,original and ,selected4 99 ,,gems ,,of ,,wit ,,and ,,humour4 99 ,,gems ,,from ,,american ,,poets4 99 ,,gems ,,of ,,american ,,wit ,,and ,,anecdote4 99 ,,gems ,,of ,,british ,,poets--,chaucer to ,goldsmith4 99 ---------------------- ,falconer to ,campbell4 99 ---------------------- ,living ,authors4 99 ---------------------- ,sacred4 ,,giles',s ,,guide ,,to ,,domestic ,,happiness4 99 ,,goldsmith',s ,,vicar ,,of ,,wakefield4 ,,goldsmith',s ,,essays4 ,,goldsmith',s ,,poetical ,,works4 ,,gray',s ,,poetical ,,works4 ,,gregory',s ,,legacy ,,to ,,his ,,daughters4 99 ,,hamilton',s ,,cottagers ,,of ,,glenburnie4 99 ,,hamilton',s ,,letters ,,on ,,education4 #b vols4 ,,lamb',s ,,tales ,,from ,,shakspeare4 #b vols4 ------ ,,rosamund ,,gray1 a ,tale4 99 ,,irving',s ,,essays ,,and ,,sketches4 ,,johnson',s ,,rasselas1 ,prince of ,abyssinia4 ,,lewis',s ,,tales ,,of ,,wonder4 ,,mason',s ,,treatise ,,on ,,self ,,knowledge4 ,,milton',s ,,paradise ,,lost4 #b vols4 99 ,,more',s ,,coelebs ,,in ,,search ,,of ,a ,,wife4 #b vols4 ,,more',s ,,practical ,,piety4 #b vols4 ,,pure ,,gold ,,from ,,the ,,rivers ,,of ,,wisdom4 99 ,,sacred ,,harp4-- ,a ,collection of ,sacred ,poetry4 ,,st4 ,,pierre',s ,,paul ,,and ,,virginia4 ,,scott',s ,,ballads ,,and ,,lyrical ,,pieces4 99 ,,scott',s ,,lady ,,of ,,the ,,lake1 a ,poem4 ,,scott',s ,,lay ,,of ,,the ,,last ,,minstrel4 99 ,,scott',s ,,marmion1 a ,tale of ,flodden ,field4 99 ,,shakspeare',s ,,works4 #h vols41 #ec ,plates4 99 ,,gems ,,from ,,shakspeare4 ,,thomson',s ,,seasons4 ,,talbot',s ,,reflections ,,and ,,essays4 ,,token ,,of ,,affection4 ---- ,,of ,,friendship4 ---- ,,of ,,remembrance4 ,,walton',s ,,complete ,,angler4 #b vols4 ,,warwick',s ,,spare ,,minutes4 ,,young',s ,,night ,,thoughts4 #b vols4 ,morocco ,case1 with ,glass ,door1 holding ,ten or ,twelve ,volumes1 neatly ornamented1 ,price #fs4 ,as there are several imitations of this beautiful series1 it is necessary to specify ,,tilt',s ,,edition4 ,also1 ,uniform ,in ,size1 ,,scott',s ,,poetical ,,works1 ,comprising ,,lady ,,of ,,the ,,lake1 ,,marmion1 ,,lay ,,of ,,the ,,last ,,minstrel1 ,,eve ,,of ,,st4 ,,john1 ,,glenfinlas1 and other romantic ,ballads2 very tastefully bound in ,three miniature ,volumes1 ,with ,illuminated ,title-,pages4 ,cloth1 #gs4 #f;d42 silk1 #is42 morocco1 #abs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,george ,,cruikshank',s ,,works4 ,,the ,,comic ,,almanack ,for ,six ,years4 ,neatly bound1 in ,two vols1 #ags4 ,containing ,seventy-two large ,plates on steel and many hundred ,woodcuts4 999999 ,any year separately may be had1 price #bs4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,loving ,,ballad ,,of ,,lord ,,bateman1 ,with ,twelve ,humorous ,plates1 neatly bound in cloth1 ,price #bs4 ,,my ,,sketch ,,book2 ,containing ,two ,hundred ,groups4 ,cloth1 #aes4 plain2 #bas4 coloured4 999999 ,the ,work may also be had in ,numbers1 each containing ,four ,sheets of ,plates1 #bs4 #f;d4 plain2 #cs4 #f;d4 coloured4 --,nine ,numbers have appeared4 ,,more ,,hints ,,on ,,etiquette1 ,with ,humorous ,cuts4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,the ,,comic ,,alphabet3 #bd ,plates4 ,done up on a novel and ingenious plan4 #bs4 #f;d4 plain2 #ds4 coloured4 ,,scraps ,,and ,,sketches3 ,in ,four ,parts4 ,,illustrations ,,of ,,phrenology4 ,,illustrations ,,of ,,time4 #hs4 each1 plain2 #abs4 coloured4 ,,demonology ,,and ,,witchcraft2 ,in ,twelve ,plates4 #bs4 sewed4 ,,illustrations ,,of ,,the ,,english ,,novelists2 ,containing ,humorous ,scenes from ,humphrey ,clinker1 ,roderick ,random1 ,peregrine ,pickle1 ,tom ,jones1 ,joseph ,andrews1 ,vicar of ,wakefield1 c4 c4 ,forty-one ,plates1 with ,descriptive ,extracts4 #gs4 cloth4 ,,the ,,bee ,,and ,,the ,,wasp2 ,a ,comic ,tale4 ,four ,plates1 #as4 ,,hood',s ,,epping ,,hunt4 ,six ,engravings1 by ,g4 ,,cruikshank4 ,new and ,cheap ,edition1 price #as4 #f;d4 ,,cowper',s ,,john ,,gilpin2 ,with ,six ,engravings4 ,price #as4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,useful ,,works4 ,in a handsome volume1 foolscap #hvo1 price #es41 ,,the ,,year-,,book ,,of ,,facts1 #ahdj4 ,exhibiting the most important ,discoveries and ,improvements in ,science and ,art of the present ,year1 in ,mechanics4 ,natural ,philosophy4 ,electricity4 ,chemistry4 ,zoology4 ,botany4 ,geology4 ,mineralogy4 ,astronomy4 ,meteorology4 ,geography4 etc4 etc4 ,by the ,editor of ,the ,arcana of ,science4 ,to bring ,facts together1 so as to enable us to grasp with new and greater generalisations4 --,professor ,sedgwick4 7,will appear early in ,january47 ,,glossary ,,of ,,architecture2 ,containing ,explanations of the ,terms used in ,grecian1 ,roman1 ,italian1 and ,gothic ,architecture4 ,exemplified by many hundred ,woodcuts4 ,third edition1 greatly enlarged4 ,stuart's ,athens4 ,,the ,,antiquities ,,of ,,athens1 and ,other ,monuments of ,greece2 ,abridged from the great work of ,,stuart and ,,revett1 with accurately reduced copies of ,seventy of the ,plates1 forming a valuable ,introduction to ,grecian ,architecture1 price #ajs4 #f;d4 bound in cloth4 ,,etiquette ,,for ,,the ,,ladies2 ,eighty ,maxims on ,dress1 ,manners1 and ,accomplishments4 ,seventeenth ,edition4 ,price #as4 cloth1 lettered in gold4 ,,etiquette ,,for ,,gentlemen2 ,with ,hints on the ,art of ,conversation4 ,tenth ,edition4 ,price #as4 cloth1 lettered4 ,,the ,,hand-,,book ,,of ,,phrenology2 ,familiarly explaining its ,principles1 with a ,map of the ,organs1 and ,instructions on the best mode of ,study4 ,price #as4 cloth4 #gjj ,,domestic ,,hints in ,every ,branch of ,family ,management4 ,by ,a ,,lady4 ,foolscap #hvo1 #bs4 #f;d4 cloth4 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,diet ,,and ,,regimen2 ,intended as a ,text ,book for the ,invalid and ,dyspeptic4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,robertson1 ,m4,d4 ,new edition1 much enlarged and improved1 #ds4 #f;d4 cloth4 ,as a family book4 ,dr4 ,robertson's ',treatise' is unequalled in the language4 99 99 99 99 99 ,valuable ,books1 ,,at ,,greatly ,,reduced ,,prices4 ,,winkles',s ,,british ,,cathedrals4 ,architectural ,picturesque ,illustrations of the ,cathedral ,churches of ,england and ,wales1 ,from ,drawings by ,,robert ,,garland1 ,architect1 with descriptions by ,,thomas ,,moule2 containing ,one ,hundred and ,twenty ,plates1 beautifully engraved by ,b4 ,,winkles4 ,in two handsome volumes1 imperial #hvo1 very neatly bound in cloth4 ,originally published at #bl4 #bs42 reduced to #bds4 ,royal #dto1 ,india ,proofs 7very few left71 published at #dl4 #ds42 reduced to #dhs4 ,,winkles',s ,,french ,,cathedrals4 ,illustrations of the ,principal ,cathedrals of ,france1 ,from ,drawings by ,r4 ,,garland1 with ,historical and ,descriptive accounts1 containing ,fifty large #dto ,plates1 engraved by ,,winkles and others4 ,in a handsome volume1 bound in cloth4 ,originally published at #al4 #ajs42 reduced to #bas4 ,royal #dto ,india ,proofs1 published at #cl42 reduced to #dbs4 ,,museum ,,of ,,painting ,,and ,,sculpture2 ,a collection of the principal ,pictures1 ,statues1 and ,bas ,reliefs in the ,public and ,private ,galleries of ,europe1 drawn and engraved by ,,reveil1 with ,critical and ,historical ,notices4 ,this splendid work1 which contains engravings of all the chief works in the ,italian1 ,german1 ,dutch1 ,french1 and ,english ,schools1 includes ,,twelve ,,hundred ,,plates1 and is an indispensable vade mecum to the ,artist or ,collector4 ,in seventeen handsome volumes small #hvo1 neatly bound1 with gilt tops4 ,originally published at #agl4 #ags42 reduced to #fl4 #fs4 ,,the ,,english ,,school2 ,a series of ,engravings of the most admired works in ,painting and ,sculpture1 executed by ,british ,artists from the days of ,,hogarth2 with descriptive and explanatory ,notices1 by ,g4 ,,hamilton4 ,in four vols1 small #hvo1 containing nearly ,,three ,,hundred ,,plates1 neatly bound1 with gilt tops4 ,originally published at #cl4 #abs42 reduced to #al4 #afs4 ,,water-,,colour ,,gallery2 ,containing large and highly-finished ,engravings of the most distinguished ,painters in ,water-colours2 including ,,prout1 ,,stephanoff1 ,,cox1 ,,dewint1 ,,harding1 ,,cattermole1 ,,fielding1 c4 c4 ,eighteen ,plates1 imperial #dto1 cloth4 ,originally published at #cl4 #cs42 reduced to #bas4 ,,illustrations ,,of ,,scott',s ,,works4 #a4--,landscape ,illustrations of the ,waverley ,novels4 ,eighty fine ,views of real ,scenes described in these popular ,tales1 engraved by ,,finden1 c41 from ,drawings by ,,roberts1 ,,harding1 ,,stanfield1 c4 c4 ,two handsome volumes super-royal #hvo1 originally published at #dl4 #ds42 or ,india ,proofs1 royal #dto1 #gl4 #gs4 ,now reduced to #bhs4 in #hvo1 and #cl4 #cs4 in #dto4 #b4--,portrait ,illustrations of the ,same4 ,forty ,plates from ,drawings by ,,parris1 ,,inskipp1 ,,landseer1 c4 ,super-royal #hvo1 published at #al4 #acs42 ,india ,proofs1 royal #dto1 #cl4 ,now reduced to #ads4 in #hvo1 and #cas4 #f;d4 in #dto4 #c4--,landscape ,illustrations of the ,poems4 ,forty ,plates from ,drawings by ,,turner1 ,,calcott1 ,,fielding1 c2 with ample descriptive ,polices4 ,in a handsome volume super-royal #hvo1 published at #cjs42 ,india ,proofs royal #dto1 #bl4 #hs4 ,now reduced to #ads4 in #hvo1 and #cas4 #f;d4 in #dto4 999999 ,the complete ,series of these valuable ,illustrations are kept1 very handsomely and appropriately bound in morocco1 price only ,four ,guineas2 forming one of the cheapest and most elegant books ever offered4 ,,library ,,of ,,anecdote2 ,containing ,remarkable ,sayings1 ,efforts of ,wit and ,humour1 ,eccentricities of ,conduct1 ,private ,reminiscences of ,celebrated ,persons1 c4 c4 ,with five ,engravings1 small #hvo1 cloth4 ,published at #es42 reduced to #bs4 #f;d4 ,,martin',s ,,illustrations ,,of ,,the ,,bible4 ,consisting of ,twenty large and magnificent ,plates1 designed and engraved by ,,john ,,martin1 author of ,belshazzar's ,feast1 c4 ,in a large folio volume1 cloth4 ,originally published at #ajl4 #ajs42 reduced to #cl4 #cs4 ,proof impressions 7very few left71 published at #bas42 reduced to #ds4 #d;d4 ,,milton',s ,,paradise ,,lost2 ,illustrated by ,john ,martin4 ,imperial #hvo4 ,twenty large mezzotinto ,plates1 published at ,six ,guineas1 reduced to #bl4 #bs4 cloth2 #bl4 #aes4 very neat1 in morocco4 ,,singer',s ,,edition ,,of ,,shakspeare1 ,beautifully printed by ,whittingham1 with a ,life of the ,poet1 and illustrative ,notes4 ,embellished with many ,engravings by ,,stothard1 ,,harvey1 c4 ,in ten vols4 small #hvo1 neatly bound in cloth1 gilt4 ,originally published at #dl4 #ds42 reduced to #bl4 ,,wild',s ,,english ,,cathedrals2 ,twelve select ,examples of the ,ecclesiastical ,architecture of the ,middle ,ages1 beautifully coloured after the ,original ,drawings by ,charles ,wild1 ,esq4 ,each ,plate is mounted on ,tinted ,card-board1 in imitation of the original4 ,originally published at #abl4 #abs42 reduced to #el4 #es4 ,,lekeux',s ,,illustrations ,,of ,,natural ,,history2 ,containing ,one ,hundred and ,fourteen ,engravings1 with descriptive accounts of the most popular and interesting ,genera and ,species of the ,animal ,world1 drawn by ,,landseer1 ,,lekeux1 c4 c4 ,large #hvo1 bound in cloth4 ,originally published at #al4 #as42 reduced to #is4 #f;d4 ,,puckle',s ,,club2 ,,or1 ,a ,,grey ,,cap ,,for ,a ,,green ,,head4 ,many first-rate ,wood ,engravings1 cloth4 ,published at #gs4 #f;d42 reduced to #cs4 #f;d4 999999 ,this very curious book is illustrated with numerous and characteristic designs by the celebrated ,thurston4 ,it was published originally in #dto1 at ,one ,guinea4 --,see ,jackson on ,wood ,engraving4 ,,addison',s ,,essays2 from ,the ,spectator4 ,two neat volumes1 cloth4 ,published at #hs42 reduced to #ds4 #f;d4 ,,caricature ,,scrap-,,book1 by ,h4 ,heath4 ,containing many ,hundred laughable and amusing ,groups1 illustrative of ,life and ,character1 on ,fifty sheets imperial #dto1 neatly and strongly bound2 forming a never-failing source of amusement for ,visitors4 ,published at #bhs42 reduced to #ahs4 ,,charles ,,tilt1 #hf1 ,,fleet ,,street4 ,bradbury ,evans1 ,printers1 ,whitefriars 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,errors and ,inconsistencies 7noted by transcriber73 ,general ,notes and ,non-,errors3 ,the ,eton ,grammar began in the first half of the #afth century as the ,brevissima ,institutio1 later ,rudimenta ,grammatices1 by ,william ,lily1 ,lilly or ,lilye 7d4 #aebb74 ,a #ageh revision acquired the name ,eton ,latin ,grammar4 ,the headers ,propria quae maribus and ,as in ,prsenti are from this book1 as is the line ,cum multis aliis qu nunc perscribere longum est4 ,if than is1 er1 and or1 it hath many more enders i4e4 many more than444 qui1 who or what1 and cujas1 of what country4 uncommon word3 not a misprint for cujus always recals this beautiful line of ,ovid's archaic spelling some well-disposed sailor in a melodrame archaic spelling ,malo a cive spoliari quam ab hoste venire4 that is1 v,enire with long e ,having yeaned1 she left the hope of the flock archaic word ,,of ,,the ,,quantity ,,of ,,the ,,first ,,syllable4 first non-final ,ingens1 great1 ,ajax1 the name of a hero ,both syllables in ,ajax are long4 ,here1 the j is to be pronounced as a double letter 7technically an affricate7 as in ,english4 alterius has always a short i and al,ius a long i ,the i in alterius is conventionally shortened in poetry to accommodate the metre4 ,introduction it shall be candid4 is shall writing in conformity with comformity ,and more especially is praise due epecially ,grammar 444 venenum1 poison2 are examples of substantives posion ,the butcher lays thee low1 the ,thus the ,comic ,latin ,grammar is lepidissimus1 funniest lipidissimus it has not different persons1 as tdet1 it irketh tdat the magging or talkative mood probably error for nagging ,amavissem1 ,i should have loved ,amivissem ,amandum1 to love1 if you 're doom'd1 have a care4 you 'r ,ab1 ad1 ante1 c4 prepositions4 printed as shown3 missing are8 ,from neco1 necui1 and mico1 word printed as shown3 missing a 7a word78 ,and 7which perhaps is the most pursuasive argument of all7 spelling unchanged illum librum qu ,latina ,grammatices et ,comica dicitur printed as shown3 superfluous et8 ,,the ,,construction ,,of ,,nouns ,,adjective4 ,,adjectve it was suggested by the well-known quality well-know the discoveries of their countryman ,franklin countrymen ,arbor gummifera1 alta mille et quingentis passibus gumnifera ,adjectives and substantives govern an ablative case subsantives ,oft in slumber's deep recesses1 slumbers ,by so much the ugliest1 by how much the wisest must whereas an imposition is a task as imposition each other's charms and accomplishments others the pledges were placed where ,instar montis equum divina ,palladis arte ,paladis they build a horse as big as a mountain4 house n,as,oque cru,ent,o breve printed over u in nasoque ,cl,aviger ,alc,id,es1 m,agn,um ,jovis ,incr,em,ent,um4 missing breve on i in claviger ,r,es ,est ,inf,el,ix1 pl,enaque fr,audis am,or missing macron on e in infelix ,in ,latin mark1 that every dipthong normally spelled diphthong1 but may be intentional for rhyme with whip-thong ,and so are n's that do delight in breve printed over e in delight instead of i in in ,short in the final er we state 'em1 state em1 ,long unto all but asses' ears1 asses ears1 ,and quis1 and bis1 which last is no noun breve printed over u in quis ,list of ,etchings ,here and in the ,advertising section1 a facing pair of pages was damaged4 ,missing text was supplied from elsewhere in the book4 ,the missing parts are shown in braces4 #b4 ,schoolmaster beating a drum1 and boys singing in chorus #bb #c4 ,ingenuas pugni didicisse fideliter artes 7fight7 #eb ,coe1 ,printer1 #bg1 ,old ,change1 ,st4 ,paul's4 ,advertising ,,mar,,mion2 ,a ,,tale ,,of ,,fl,,odden ,,field4 ,engravings4 444 ,,fugitive ,,poetry ,,of ,,the ,,nineteenth ,,century4 ,,nineteeth ,by ,sir ,e4 ,,lytton ,,bulwer text unchanged to grasp with new and greater generalisations damaged text reconstructed ,minor ,errors3 ,punctuation1 ,mechanics the laughter-loving spirit of his age4 age1 the question1 whose1 or whereof2 as1 ,whose breeches8 as ,whose --,third1 is4 ,vulpes1 a fox4 is1 ,vulpes or tarnation 'cute tarnation' cute ,docillimus1 most docile4-- ,man ,friday4 docile4 ,man magis1 more1 and maxim1 most4 most1 ,amabo1 ,i shall or will love4 ,inebriabor will love ,inebriabor 444 ,thou dancest1 ,thou dancest4 444 ,patricii1 gentlemen1 gentlemen4 444 ,doctrinam1 learning1 learning4 ,moneo1 mones1 monet1 monet4 ,plu4 ,regimus1 regitis1 regunt italicized as shown3 error for regunt8 ,heu6 ,lack-a-day6-- ,hem6 ,brute1 ,hollo6 ,brutus4 ,lack-a-day6 ,hem6 ,sir1 said the great ,dr4 ,johnson invisible 4 after ,dr ,october an instance supplies e in supplies invisible ,,syntaxis1 or the ,construction of ,grammar4 ,,syntaxis4 quod1 or ut1 being left out1 as out as1 the natural history of school-boys anomalous hyphen unchanged suus1 his own 7,cocknic his'n71 close parenthesis missing trium1 of three1 c41 c4 ,of these juvo1 ldo1 delecto1 and some others ldo delecto ,puell1 ali aliis prlucere student comma in original the verb est being added4 added1 wisdom they say is in the wig4 final missing deep in the windingths of a whale1 open quote missing guilty of a great waste-- of time2 of time2 ,ut1 for1 postquam1 after that postquam after that quanquam1 although1 utpote1 forasmuch as although utpote ,isaaculus trans maria deportatus est3 final 3 missing ,o alaudas6 ,oh larks6 ,o alaudas1 ,oh larks6 in a similar manner8 manner4 ,synaloepha1 ,ecthlipsis1 ,synresis1 ,diresis ,ecthlipsis ,synresis dandies and theatrical artists1 artists4 ,ingens1 great1 ,ajax1 the name of a hero great ,ajax ,in1 tamen1 attamen1 and an breve printed over n in ,in ,exin' and subin'1 dein'1 proin' proi'n ,because its genitive's ,samn,itis1 ,samn,itis4