,manufacturing ,cost ,data ,,on ,artificial ,ice ,,made ,,in ,,accordance ,,with ,,otto ,,luhr ,,consulting ,,engineer ,,herman ,,friedl ,,architect ,,ice ,,making ,,system ,,patent ,,applied ,,for #aed ,,west ,,randolph ,,street ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,ice for ,commercial ,purposes ,ice for commercial purposes is obtained in two ways3 either by cutting during the winter time from our lakes and rivers and storing in large ,ice ,storage ,houses located alongside1 or by freezing pure clean water by means of artificial refrigeration4 ,all authorities are agreed that artificial ice is more sanitary than natural ice and it is only a matter of time when the use of natural ice will be prohibited except in special cases when the purity of its source of supply is beyond doubt4 ,our improved method of making artificial ice will cut the labor cost down to the minimum and will enable the manufacturer to profitably sell artificial ice at the price natural ice can be harvested4 ,the logical result thereof will be the building of a large number of modern ice plants all over the country to supply the market with artificial ice in place of the present natural ice4 ,we do not claim any wonders for our system but believe that the following points of advantage will convince any practical ice manufacturer that the labor cost has been cut in two4 ,first4 ,we pull a complete row of the full width of tank at one time4 ,second4 ,our air supply is permanently connected to the cans and the supply to each can can be regulated1 if required4 ,third4 ,we have a continuous air supply to the cans during freezing as well as during thawing1 dumping and filling4 ,our air supply never ceases4 ,fourth4 ,our air is automatically cooled down to the temperature of the brine in the tank thereby eliminating all possibility of moisture in the air pipes4 ,fifth4 ,our cans are held in a solid frame of steel work and are connected to the crane from the time the cans are pulled until they are put back into the tanks1 thereby doubling the life of the cans4 ,we give herewith data covering the cost of manufacturing ice and will guarantee that under reasonably fair management the number of men required will not be exceeded4 ,do not fail to carefully analyze the following cost data4 ,they may seem extremely low but a thorough study of our system will prove them to be very conservative4 #a ,,number ,,one ,manufacturing ,costs ,per ,ton of ,ice ,using ,electric ,power at ,present ,chicago ,rates for ,power and ,labor ,capacity of plant1 #bdj tons of ice per day1 using #bfib cans of #djj-lb4 capacity4 #ahjjj-ton storage house4 ,average current requirement for freezing one ton of ice1 including storage cooling and all auxiliaries1 #ee ,k4 ,w4 hours4 ,average cost per ,k4 ,w4 hour1 4#i cent4 ,current cost per ton of ice1 #ee x 4#i1 equals #di4f cents4 ,assuming one month's shut-down for inspection and repairs1 the total output of #bdj tons of ice for #ccc days amounts to #gi1ibj tons1 or roughly speaking #hj1jjj tons of ice4 ,adding #a_/b cent per ton of ice for the required heating1 the total power cost of making #hj1jjj tons of ice is 7#hj1jjj x 4#ej7 #dj1jjj4jj ,,engine ,,room ,,labor ,,cost3 #a chief engineer per day #aj4jj #c engineers per day #h4jj ,total per day #cd4jj #cfe days at #cd4jj equals #ab1daj4jj or #abdaj _/ #hjjjj #ae4fb cents per ton #b ,,ice ,,plant ,,labor ,,cost3 #c men pulling ice and setting it up in store-room4 per day #f4jj #c men in store-room per day #f4jj #a shipping clerk per day #h4jj ,total labor per day #dd4jj #cfe days at #dd4jj equals #af1jfj4jj ,for filling the winter storage house and taking the ice out of it will require #c additional men for five months1 equals #aej days x #ah4jj1 equals #b1gjj4jj ,total ,ice ,plant ,labor ,cost ,equals #ah1gfj4jj or #ahfgj _/ #hjjjj #bc4df cents per ton #bdj tons of ice equal #abjj---djj-lb4 cans4 ,as #bd cans are pulled at one time it requires #abjj _/ #bd #ej pulls per day1 or one pull every #bi minutes4 ,the ice-puller has therefore ample time to set up all ice pulled in storage house as directed4 ,cost of ,ammonia at #b cent per ton #a1fjj4jj ,cost of ,oil and ,waste at #b cent per ton #a1fjj4jj ,cost of ,water at #c cent per ton #b1djj4jj ,cost of ,salt at #gb cent per ton #djj4jj ,plant ,maintenance and ,repairs #c1ejj4jj or #cejj _/ #hjjjj #d4cg cent per ton ,,office ,,expenses3 #a ,manager and ,salesman1 per year #e1jjj4jj #a ,bookkeeper1 per year #b1djj4jj ,stationery1 ,telephone1 etc #fjj4jj ,total ,cost #h1jjj4jj or #hjjj _/ #hjjjj #aj cent per ton #c ,,overhead ,,charges3 #h per cent interest on #cej1jjj4jj investment #bh1jjj4jj #h per cent interest on value of land 7#bj1jjj4jj7 #a1fjj4jj #h per cent interest on #aj1jjj4jj working capital #hjj4jj #c per cent depreciation on #cej1jjj4jj #aj1ejj4jj ,insurance 7estimated7 #a1ejj4jj ,taxes 7estimated7 #c1ejj4jj ,total #de1ijj4jj or #deijj _/ #hjjjj #eg4cge cent per ton ,total ,expense #acd1egj4jj or #acdegj _/ #hjjjj #a4fh4bae per ton ,divided as follows3-- ,manufacturing cost including office expense #a4aj4hdj ,overhead charges #j4eg4cge ,,ice ,,sales ,,assumptions3 ,month ,ice ,ice sold ,ice stored ,ice ,sold ,total ,ice produced direct per day from storage stored in #cj per day per day daily days ,january #bdj #fe #age #ebej ,february #bdj #fe #age #ebej ,march #bdj #aae #abe #cgej ,april #bdj #afe #ge #bbej ,may #bdj #cjj #fj ,june #bdj #djj #afj ,july #bdj #djj #afj ,august #bdj #djj #afj ,september #bdj #cej #aaj ,october #bdj #bjj #dj #abjj ,november #bdj #adj #ajj #cjjj ,december ,none #fe #fe ,tons #bjgjj ,less ,tons #aiej ,total ,tons #ahgej ,during the month of ,december1 the ,ice ,plant will be shut down for overhauling and repairs1 and part of the ice stored during ,november will be sold in ,december1 therefore1 requiring a total storage capacity of #ah1gej tons1 of which #gej tons will be stored in the ante-room and #ah1jjj tons will be stored in the big winter storage4 #d ,,number ,,two ,manufacturing ,costs ,per ,ton of ,ice ,using ,electric ,power at ,present ,chicago ,rates for ,power and ,labor #bdj ,,ton ,,capacity ,,per ,,day ,no ,storage ,house for ,surplus ,ice ,,ice ,,sales ,,assumptions3 ,tons per day ,total ,tons ,january #fe #a1iej ,february #fe #a1iej ,march #aae #c1dej ,april #afe #d1iej ,may #bdj #g1bjj ,june #bdj #g1bjj ,july #bdj #g1bjj ,august #bdj #g1bjj ,september4 #bdj #g1bjj ,october #bjj #f1jjj ,november #adj #d1bjj ,december #fe #a1iej ,total output tons #fj1dej ,,note--,these sales can only be realized if the dealer has at least #ah1jjj tons of natural ice on hand to enable him to take care of the family trade during the hot months4 ,if no large supply of natural ice is on hand hardly #ej1jjj tons can be sold1 thereby increasing the cost per ton considerably4 ,,power ,,cost3 ,due to numerous starting and stopping of compressor during the slack months the maximeter charges will be higher and therefore it must be assumed that #fj ,k4 ,w4 hours will be required per ton of ice instead of #ee ,k4 ,w4 hours for continuous consumption4 #fj ,k4 ,w4 hours per ton of ice at 4#i cent per ,k4 ,w4 hour equals #ed cents per ton4 ,adding #a_/b cent per ton for the required heating the power cost for making #fj1dej tons of ice equals #fj1dej x #ed4e cents1 equals #cb1ide4be #e ,,engine ,,room ,,labor ,,cost3 #a chief engineer per day #aj4jj #c engineers per day #h4jj ,total per day #cd4jj #cfe days at #cd4jj equals #ab1daj4jj or #abdaj _/ #fjdej #bj4ed cent per ton of ice ,,ice ,,plant ,,labor ,,cost3 7,using present method of pulling ice7 ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 ,august1 ,september and ,october require3 #f ice pullers per day #f4jj #c air men per day #f4jj #f storage house men per day #f4jj ,total per day #ij4jj #ahd days at #ij4jj equals #af1efj4jj ,march1 ,april and ,november require3 #f pullers per day #f4jj #d storage house men per day #f4jj ,total per day #fj4jj #ia days at #fj4jj equals #e1dfj4jj ,december1 ,january and ,february require3 #c pullers per day #f4jj #c storage house men per day #f4jj ,total per day #cf4jj #ib days at #cf4jj equals #c1cab4jj #a shipping clerk per day #h4jj #ccj days x #h equals #b1fdj4jj ,total ,labor ,cost #bg1igb4jj or #bgigb _/ #fjdej #df4bg cent per ton ,cost of ,ammonia at #b cent per ton #a1bji4jj ,cost of ,oil and ,waste at #b cent per ton #a1bji4jj ,cost of ,water at #c cent per ton #a1hac4ej ,cost of ,salt at #a_/b cent per ton #cjb4be ,plant ,maintenance and ,repairs #b1hjj4jj or #bhjj _/ #fjdej #d4fc cent per ton #f ,,office ,,expense3 #a ,manager and ,salesman per year #e1jjj4jj #a ,bookkeeper per year #b1djj4jj ,stationery1 ,telephone1 etc #fjj4jj ,total ,cost #h1jjj4jj or #hjjj _/ #fjdej #ac4bc cent per ton ,,overhead ,,charges3 #h per cent ,interest on #bhj1jjj4jj investment #bb1djj4jj #h per cent ,interest on value of land 7#ab1jjj4jj7 #ifj4jj #h per cent interest on #h1jjj4jj working capita #fdj4jj #c per cent depreciation on #bhj1jjj4jj #h1djj4jj ,insurance 7estimated7 #a1bjj4jj ,taxes 7estimated7 #b1ejj4jj ,total ,overhead ,charge #cf1ajj4jj or #cfajj _/ #fjdej #fi4gb cent per ton ,total ,expense #abd1ifa4jj or #abdifa _/ #fjdej #b4jf4gb per ton ,,note--,if the ,,luhr ,,friedl ,,ice ,,making ,,system is used1 the ,ice ,plant ,labor ,cost will be as follows3 ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 ,august1 ,september and ,october require3 #c ice pullers per day #f4jj #c storage house men per day #f4jj ,total per day #cf4jj #ahd days at #cf4jj equals #f1fbd4jj ,march1 ,april and ,november require3 #c ice pullers per day #f4jj #b storage house men per day #f4jj ,total per day #cj4jj #ia days at #cj4jj equals #b1gcj4jj ,december1 ,january and ,february require3 #c ice pullers per day #f4jj #a storage house man per day #f4jj ,total per day #bd4jj #ib days at #bd4jj equals #b1bjh4jj #a shipping clerk per day #h4jj #ccj days x #h equals4 #b1fdj4jj ,total ,labor ,cost4 #ad1bjb4jj or #adbjb _/ #fjdej #bc4di cent per ton compared to #df4bg cent per ton1 ,a ,,saving ,,of #bb4gh ,,cent ,,per ,,ton4 #g ,illustration3 ,typical ,design of a #afj ,ton ,steam ,driven ,ice ,plant4 ,interior ,details4 #h ,illustration3 ,typical ,design of a #afj ,ton ,steam ,driven ,ice ,plant4 ,exterior ,cross ,section ,in connection with ,otto ,luhr ,consulting ,engineer ,herman ,fridel ,architect ,ice ,making ,system ,patent ,applied ,for #i ,,number ,,three ,manufacturing ,costs ,per ,ton of ,ice ,using ,steam ,power at ,medium-,sized-,town ,rates for ,labor #afj-ton capacity per day4 #a1gbh--djj-lb4 cans4 #ccc days continuous full output4 #ab1jjj-ton storage house4 ,,cost ,,of ,,power3 ,a modern1 highly efficient and economical steam driven high speed compressor plant must be installed so as to get the maximum power out of coal4 ,the boiler room will contain two #bej-;,h4 ,p4 water-tube boilers with automatic stokers and coal bin overhead holding two weeks' supply of coal4 ,steam pressure #age lbs4 ,as the firing of the boilers is automatic and requires practically no work on the part of the engineers1 no firemen are needed4 ,ashes will also be removed automatically4 ,the engine room equipment will consist of two #age-ton high speed compressors1 direct connected to two ,simple ,condensing ,una-flow ,engines2 also two generators1 two cooling tower water pumps1 two air compressors1 switchboard1 etc4 ,all to be equipped with the latest labor and power-saving devices4 ,equipped as above1 #be tons of refrigeration can be easily obtained from one ton of ordinary #ab1ejj ,b ,t ,u coal4 #a4h ton of refrigeration is required to produce one ton of ice including the required cooling of storage house4 ,therefore the power cost of making one ton of ice with coal at #e4jj per ton equals #e4jj divided by #be_/a4h #cg cent4 7,one cent per ton of ice is added for heating of dipping tank water47 ,assuming one month's shut-down for inspection and repairs1 the total output of #afj tons of ice for #ccc days amounts to #ec1bhj tons of ice4 ,the total power cost of making #ec1bhj tons of ice is therefore1 #ec1bhj x #cg cent #ai1gac4fj #aj ,,engine ,,room ,,and ,,ice ,,plant ,,labor ,,cost3 #a chief engineer per day #h4jj #c engineers per day #f4jj #a shipping clerk per day #f4jj #c men in ,storage ,house per day #d4jj ,total per day #dd4jj #cfe days at #dd4jj per day equals #af1jfj4jj ,additional labor cost for putting #ab1jjj tons into winter storage and taking out at #d4jj per day #a1bjj4jj ,total ,labor ,cost #ag1bfj4jj or #agbfj _/ #ecbhj #cb4d cent per ton ,engineers will do their own firing of boilers and will pull all the ice4 ,one pull required every #dc minutes4 ,,office ,,expense3 #a ,office ,man 7,manager and ,bookkeeper7 #c1jjj4jj ,stationery1 ,telephone1 etc4 7per year7 #cjj4jj ,total ,office ,expense #c1cjj4jj or #ccjj _/ #ecbhj #f4b cent per ton of ice ,cost of ,ammonia at #b cent per ton #a1jfe4fj ,cost of ,oil and ,waste at #b cent per ton #a1jfe4fj ,cost of ,water at #c cent per ton #a1eih4dj ,cost of ,salt at #a_/b cent per ton #bff4dj ,plant ,maintenance and ,repairs #b1bjj4jj or #bbjj _/ #ecbhj #d4a cent per ton #aa ,,overhead ,,charges3 #h per cent interest on #bbj1jjj4jj investment equals #ag1fjj4jj #h per cent interest on value of land 7#aj1jjj4jj7 #hjj4jj #h per cent interest on working capital 7#g1ejj4jj7 #fjj4jj #c per cent depreciation on #bbj1jjj4jj #f1fjj4jj ,insurance 7estimated7 #a1jjj4jj ,taxes 7estimated7 #b1jjj4jj ,total overhead charges #bh1fjj4jj or #bhfjj _/ #ecbhj #ec4g cent per ton ,total ,expense #ge1jfi4fj or #gejfi4fj _/ #ecbhj #a4dji per ton ,divided as follows3 ,overhead charges #j4ec4g ,manufacturing ,cost 7total7 #j4hg4b #ab ,,number ,,four ,manufacturing ,costs ,per ,ton of ,ice ,using ,steam ,power at ,medium-,sized-,town ,rates for ,labor #ajj-ton capacity per day4 #a1jhj--djj-lb4 cans4 #ccc days continuous full output4 #g1fjj-ton ,storage ,house4 ,,cost ,,of ,,power3 ,a modern1 highly efficient and economical steam driven high speed compressor plant must be installed so as to get the maximum power out of coal4 ,the boiler-room will contain two #bjj-;,h4 ,p4 water-tube boilers with automatic stokers and coal bin overhead holding two weeks' supply of coal4 ,steam pressure #age lbs4 ,as the firing of the boilers is automatic and requires practically no work on the part of the engineers1 no firemen will be needed4 ,ashes will also be automatically removed4 ,the engine room equipment will consist of two #ajj-ton high speed compressors1 direct connected to two ,simple ,condensing ,unaflow ,engines2 also two generators1 two cooling tower pumps1 two air compressors1 switchboard1 etc4 ,all to be equipped with the latest labor and power-saving devices4 ,equipped as above1 #be tons of refrigeration can be easily obtained from one ton of ordinary #abejj ,b ,t ,u coal4 #a4h tons of refrigeration is required to produce one ton of ice1 including the cooling of the storage house4 ,therefore1 the power cost of making one ton of ice with coal at #e4jj per ton equals #e4jj divided by #be_/a4h #cg cent4 7,one cent per ton of ice is added for heating of dipping-tank water47 ,assuming one month's shut down for inspection and repairs1 the total output of #ajj tons of ice for #ccc days amounts to #cc1cjj tons of ice4 ,the total power cost of making #cc1cjj tons of ice is therefore1 #cc1cjj x #cg cent1 equals #ab1cba4jj #ac ,,engine ,,room ,,and ,,ice ,,plant ,,labor ,,cost3 #a ,chief ,engineer per day #h4jj #c ,engineers per day #f4jj #b ,storage ,house ,men per day #d4jj ,total per day #cd4jj ,total #cfe days at #cd4jj per day #ab1daj4jj ,additional labor cost for putting #g1ejj tons into winter storage and taking out at #d4jj per day #gej4jj ,total labor cost #ac1afj4jj or #acafj _/ #cccjj #ci4eb cent per ton ,engineer will do his own firing of boilers and will pull all the ice and set it up in ante room if required4 ,one pull required every #gj minutes4 ,chief ,engineer will act as shipping clerk4 ,,office ,,expense3 #a ,office ,man 7,manager and ,bookkeeper7 #c1jjj4jj ,stationery1 ,telephone1 etc4 7per year7 #cjj4jj ,total ,office ,expense #c1cjj4jj or #ccjj _/ #cccjj #i4i cent per ton ,cost of ,ammonia at #b cent per ton #fff4jj ,cost of ,oil and ,waste at #b cent per ton #fff4jj ,cost of ,water at #c cent per ton #iii4jj ,cost of ,salt at #a_/b cent per ton #aff4ej ,plant ,maintenance and ,repairs #a1ejj4jj or #aejj _/ #cccjj #d4e cent per ton #ad ,,overhead ,,charges3 #h per cent interest on #aej1jjj4jj investment #ab1jjj4jj #h per cent interest on value of land 7#g1jjj4jj7 #efj4jj #h per cent interest on #e1jjj4jj working capital #djj4jj #c per cent depreciation on #aej1jjj4jj #d1ejj4jj ,insurance 7estimated7 #gjj4jj ,taxes 7estimated7 #a1cfj4jj ,total overhead charges #ai1ebj4jj or #aiebj _/ #cccjj #fh4g cent per ton ,total ,expense #eb1bih4ej or #ebbih4ej _/ #cccjj #a4eg per ton ,divided as follows3 ,overhead charges #fh4g cent ,manufacturing ,cost #ih4c cent #ae ,,otto ,,luhr ,,consulting ,,engineer ,,herman ,,friedl ,,architect ,,ice ,,making ,,system #aed ,w4 ,,randolph ,,street1 ,,chicago ,end of ,document ,transcriber's ,note ,i found this document and the attached papers and photographs among my father's papers4 ,i offer it as an insight into the finances and structure of business and trades in the early #aijj's4 ,there are no dates included in this document but a ,google search of ,otto ,luhr produced these items3 ,mechanical and ,refrigerating ,engineer's ,handy ,book2 ,otto ,luhr2 #aiac4 ,automatic refrigerating liquid feeder and regulator2 ,united ,states ,patent #agbehge2 #h_/bg_/aibi4 ,refrigerator car2 ,united ,states ,patent #afdbhhb2 #i_/bj_/aibg4 ,since the title page states ,patent ,applied ,for1 this document was probably published around #aibe4 ,note the prices quoted for materials and labor3 ,coal1 #e4jj a ton4 ,in #bjji1 about #ajj_/ton1 down from #cjj in #bjjh4 ,unskilled ,labor1 #f4jj_/;day2 that's ,,day1 not ,,hour4 ,skilled ,labor1 #h to #aj_/;day ,electricity1 #j4jji_/,,kwh my latest bill 7in #bjji7 was #j4acag_/,,kwh ,note the job titles in the attached documents3 ,barnmen1 ,washers1 ,blacksmiths ,the word ,,maintainance is thus spelled in the original4 ,finally1 the optimistic tone of the document contrasts with the decline of the ice business in the #aidj's1 fifteen years later4 ,i remember the ice deliveries and the weight sign my mother put in the window before we got our first mechanical refrigerator after ,world ,war ,,ii4 ,end ,transcriber's ,note ,illustration3 ,photograph of machinery4 ,illustration3 ,photograph of ,detroit ,creamery building exterior4 ,,detroit ,,creamery ,,company ,,organization #a -- ,board of ,directors #b -- ,operating ,committee ,harry ,a4 ,mc,donald ,president ,nelson ,j4 ,dessert ,vice president ,carl ,f4 ,siclaff ,vice president ,harry ,j4 ,weigand ,treasurer ,comptroller ,jerome ,h4 ,remick ,ice ,cream ,sales ,service ,j4 ,harry ,brickley ,retail ,milk ,sales ,oliver ,g4 ,spaulding ,legal ,department ,richard ,l4 ,baire ,advertising ,frank ,mc,veigh ,purchasing ,department ,ben ,f4 ,taylor ,ice ,cream ,production ,ben ,f4 ,taylor ,ice ,cream ,delivery ,edward ,c4 ,krahl ,henry ,st4 ,production ,doc ,grayson ,laboratory ,john ,kostuch ,plant ,engineer--,maintenance ,john ,kostuch ,power ,refrigeration ,j4 ,harry ,watson ,transportation ,j4 ,harry ,watson ,shops ,h4 ,terry ,snowday ,wholesale ,milk ,sales ,carl ,o4 ,tuttle ,butter ,department ,tom ,wood ,credit ,collections ,j4 ,mc,williams ,detroit ,creamery ,farms ,,treasurer ,,comptroller ,harry ,j4 ,weigand ,accounting - ,detroit ,creamery ,subsidiaries ,loans ,contracts - ,detroit ,creamery ,subsidiaries ,appropriations - ,detroit ,creamery ,subsidiaries ,banks - ,detroit ,creamery ,subsidiaries ,account ,dept ,personnel - ,detroit ,creamery ,subsidiaries ,credits ,collections ,corporate ,records ,purchasing ,department ,legal ,department ,,plant ,,engineering--,,maintainance ,,power and ,,refrigeration ,john ,kostuch 7,chief ,engineer7 ,paul ,culver 7,consulting7 ,norman ,mitehell 7,technical7 7,advisory7 7,dept4 ,head7 ,,henry ,,street 7,,maintainance7 ,james ,crunnley 7,in ,charge7 7a7 ,electrical ,general 7,ray ,casson7 7b7 ,conveyors1 ,bottle ,washers1 ,fillers1 ,cappers 7,howard ,strauss7 7c7 ,all other ,machinery 7,assign ,mechanics7 ,,henry ,,street 7,,power ,,refrigeration7 ,harry ,hollenbeck 7,in ,charge7 7a7 ,engineers 7b7 ,firemen ,,main ,,plant 7,,maintainance7 7,,power ,,refrigeration7 ,john ,kostuch 7,in ,charge7 ,,rec4 ,,stations ,,mfg4 ,,plants ,john ,kostuch 7,chief7 ,elmer ,de,witt7,asst7 ,frank ,mortimer 7,mech7 ,c4 ,s4 ,mc,bride 7,production ,dept47 ,,subsidiary ,,companies ,john ,kostuch 7,chief7 ,paul ,culver--,norman ,mitchell--,dept4 ,head ,,machine ,,shop 7,,main ,,plant7 ,john ,kostuch 7,in ,charge7 ,,transportation ,,shops ,j4 ,harry ,watson ,garages ,detroit ,subs4 7,advisory7 ,auto ,shops ,detroit 7,met4 ,area7 ,subs4 7,advisory7 ,paint ,shops ,detroit ,subs4 ,electrical ,shops ,detroit ,subs4 7,advisory7 ,carpenter ,shops ,detroit ,sub4 7,advisory7 ,stables ,detroit 7,advisory7 ,barnmen ,sub4 7,advisory7 ,washers ,blacksmiths ,wagon ,shops ,detroit ,subs ,harness ,shops ,detroit ,subs4 ,plumbing ,shops ,detroit ,sign ,shop ,detroit ,subs4 ,tin ,shop ,detroit ,subs4 ,special ,delivery and ,trucking ,detroit 7,main7 ,branch ,trucking ,special ,trucking