images ( public doma9 mat]ial f ! ,google ,pr9t project47 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,e ef=t has be5 made to replicate ?is text z fai?fully z possible1 includ+ obsolete & v>iant spell+s & o!r inconsi/5cies4 ,text t has be5 *ang$ to correct an obvi\s error is not$ at ! end ( ?is ebook4 ,a ,,succ9ct ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,importance ,,& ,,practicability ,,( ,,=m+ ,a ,,%ip ,,canal ,,across ,,! ,,i/hmus ,,( ,,panama4 ,by ,h4 ,r4 ,,hill4 ,,london3 ,,wm4 ,h4 ,,all51 ,,co41 #g1 ,,lead5hall-,,/reet4 #ahde4 ,w4 ,,lewis ,,& ,,son1 ,,pr9t]s1 #ba1 ,,f9*-,,lane1 ,,london4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,! foll[+ obs]vations 7 ?r[n toge!r z ! result ( communications ) sev]al g5tlem5 locally acqua9t$ ) ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama1 & :o express$ to ! writ] _! a/oni%m5t1 t amid/ ! num]\s und]tak+s1 ( m or less utility1 :i* sci5ce has realis$ 9 our "t1 "o s important to ! :ole comm]cial _w1 s easy ( accompli%m5t1 & s c]ta9 to be productive ( ample remun]ation to ! und]tak]s1 z a ,%ip ,canal ?r\gh t ,i/hmus1 _h n be5 tak5 up4 ,! idle objection1 t if practicable x w\ld n h be5 left unattempt$ = ! la/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 !y consid]$1 w\ld h no weight 9 an age 9 :i* we h se5 accompli%$ works t 9 our fa!rs' "t1 nay1 ev5 )9 our own memory1 x w\ld h be5 consid]$ madness to propose1--witness /eam-navigation & railways4 ,x is n tw5ty ye>s s9ce ,dr4 ,l>dn]1 ! au?or ( a popul> "w on ! /eam-eng9e1 !n suppos$ to be a mo/ compet5t au?ority1 decl>$ 9 8 lectures t ! application ( /eam-navigation to ! voyage across ! ,atlantic 0 a m]e *im]a4 ,s x has be5 ) railways4 ,w\ld n any man :o fifty1 or ev5 tw5ty ye>s ago1 _h pr$ict$ t ! j\rney f ,london to ,exet] w\ld be accompli%$ 9 five h\rs1 h be5 deem$ a fit t5ant = ,b$lam8 ,to cont5d t because a great und]tak+ has rema9$ unattempt$ = a long s]ies ( ye>s1 !re=e x is impracticable1 is to put a /op to all improvem5t4 ,at ! sugge/ion ( ! fri5ds be=e ref]r$ to1 ! writ] is induc$ to pr9t ! foll[+ pages1 ) ! hope ( draw+ to ! subject ( :i* !y treat ! att5tion ( ! m]cantile & %ipp+ int]e/s4 ,if !y awak5 an int]e/ 9 ! subject 9 ^? qu>t]s1 !y w n be ?r[n away1 & he is fully conv9c$ t ! m ! subject is exam9$ ! /rong] w be ! conviction ( ! practicability ( ! und]tak+4 #bc1 ,?rogmorton ,/reet1 ,febru>y1 #ahde4 ,a ,,succ9ct ,,view1 c4 ,f ! fir/ discov]y ( ! ,am]ican cont95t d[n to ! pres5t "t1 a %ort] passage f ! ,nor? ,atlantic to ! ,pacific ocean ?an ! t$i\s & dang]\s voyage r\nd ,cape ,horn has be5 a desid]atum 9 navigation4 ,dur+ ! dom9ion ( old ,spa9 9 ! ,new ,_w ! colonial policy & pr9ciples ( t jeal\s nation1 to :i* ,c5tral ,am]ica belong$1 oppos$ insurm\ntable ob/acles to any proposal = effect+ ?is great object2 b ! emancipation ( ! ,spani% ,colonies1 & ! erection ( indep5d5t ,/ates 9 _! /ead1 has brok5 d[n ! b>ri] :i* ,spani% jeal\sy _h erect$4 ,! rul]s ( ^! /ates are n devoid ( disc]nm5t to p]ceive t ! exclusion ( ,european ,nations f ! %ores ( ! ,pacific w\ld be productive ( imm5se injury to !mselves1 & t by mak+ _! own t]ritory ! high-road to ! c\ntries :i* are becom+ important m>ts = ! comm]ce ( ,europe1 !y are br++ weal? to _! own doors1 & increas+ _! own political importance4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 mo/ o!r cases1 individual & g5]al b5efit g h& 9 h&2 = x _c be d\bt$ t 7 su* a communication betwe5 ! two ,oceans made ?r\gh ,c5tral ,am]ica1 x w\ld prove ( incalculable utility to all nations engag$ 9 m>itime comm]ce1--& soon] or lat] x w unque/ionably be op5$4 ,?is w\ld be ! %orte/ r\te f ,europe1 ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ! we/]n coa/ ( ,africa to e "p ( ! we/]n coa/ ( ! ,new ,_w1 to ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 ! num]\s isl&s ( ! ,pacific & ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,asia1#a z w be se5 by a glance at ! outl9e map ( ! _w on ,m]cator's projection annex$ to ?is pamphlet4 ,! advantage ( a ,canal ( suffici5t size to all[ l>ge vessels to proce$ ?r\gh ! ,i/hmus is !re=e obvi\s4 ,b by :om is ?is "w to be und]tak58 ! "q is c]ta9ly n a ,briti% "o alone1 al?\gh ! ,briti% ,trade w\ld d]ive imm5se b5efit f its solution3 x is a "q 9 :i* ! :ole comm]cial _w is m or less int]e/$4 ,!re mu/ be ei!r a comb9ation ( gov]nm5ts =m$ to defray s mu* ea* ( ! exp5se1 or ! "w mu/ be accompli%$ by a ,jo9t ,/ock ,company ( individuals1 :o w indemnify !mselves = _! outlay by levy+ tolls ^u ^? :o avail !mselves ( ! communication4 ,z to su* a comb9ation ( gov]nm5ts1 ! difficulty ( procur+ a suffici5t grant ( public money opposes a great ob/acle to ! realization ( any su* project4 ,to private ent]prize *iefly !n x mu/ be committ$2 yet x may reasonably be expect$ t su* c\nt5ance & support z ! gov]nm5ts ( ! pr9cipal m>itime p[]s c give1 w be readily yield$ to any association t w und]take ! "w4 ,!re are sev]al consid]ations :i* po9t out ! pres5t z ! mo/ auspici\s mom5t = atta9+ ! object 9 view4 ,! pr(\nd peace ) :i* ,europe & ! :ole civiliz$ _w is n[ bless$1 ! abundance ( capital 9 ! money m>ket1 ! pres5t l[ rate ( int]e/1 & ! difficulty ( f9d+ inve/m5ts1 are all favorable to ! rais+ ( ! necess>y funds2 ! imm5se /rides :i* sci5ce has made 9 ov]com+ natural difficulties1 once deem$ insup]able1 add to ! means ( accompli%m5t1 :ile ! gr[+ importance ( ,briti% ,colonies 9 & ab\t ,new ,zeal&1 ! inevitable impulse t rec5t ev5ts mu/ give to ! ,*9a trade1#b & ! ef=ts ( all m>itime nations to make e/abli%m5ts 9 ! ,polynesian ,isl&s w r5d] ! ,canal a c]ta9 s\rce ( pr(it & honor to ^? :o w aid 9 its =mation4 ,sev]al p>ts ( ! ,i/hmus ( ,am]ica h be5 propos$ = ! communication betwe5 ! two seas1 su* z ! ,prov9ce ( ,nic>agua1 ! ,i/hmus ( ,tehuantepec1 c42 b inv9cible ob/acles occur 9 all ^? localities1 :ile on ! contr>y ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama is beyond d\bt ! mo/ favorable po9t1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( all ! sci5tific & practical m5 :o h visit$ t "p ( ! new _w4#c ,we %all proce$1 !re=e1 to describe t ,i/hmus z f> z is necess>y = ! pres5t purpose4 ,! ,i/hmus ( ,panama#d may be consid]$ z ext5d+ f ! ,m]idian ( #gg to t ( #ha ,w4 ( ,gre5wi*4 ,its bread? at ! n>r[e/ po9t1 opposite to ! city ( ,panama1 is ab\t ?irty miles4 ,! g5]al feature ( ! ,i/hmus on ! map is t ( an arc1 or b[1 ! *ord ( :i* lies ne>ly ea/ & we/4 ,x n[ =ms a prov9ce ( ! republic ( ,new ,granada4 ,x may appe> /range1 yet x is n[ well kn[n to be ! fact1 t al?\gh ! small wid? ( ! ,i/hmus 0 asc]ta9$ soon aft] ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 its natural features rema9$ entirely unkn[n = ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,rob]tson1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,am]ica1 /ates t ! ,i/hmus is trav]s$ 9 all its l5g? by a range ( high m\nta9s1 & x 0 res]v$ = our sci5tific c\ntryman1 ,lloyd1 :o survey$ ! ,i/hmus 9 #ahbh & #ahbi1 by direction ( ,boliv>1 !n presid5t ( ! ,republic ( ,colombia1 to dispel ! illusion4 ,f 8 obs]vations1 confirm$ by m rec5t travell]s1 x is n[ asc]ta9$ t ! *a9 ( ! ,&es t]m9ates ne> ,porto ,bello to ! ea/ ( ! ,bay ( ,limon1 o!rwise call$ ,navy ,bay1 & t ! ,i/hmus is1 9 ?is "p1 ?r\gh\t its :ole wid?1 a flat c\ntry4 ,x 0 also long suppos$ t !re 0 an enorm\s diff]5ce betwe5 ! rise & fall ( ! tide 9 ! ,pacific & ,atlantic ,oceans on ei!r side ( ! ,i/hmus1 & t ! op5+ ( a communication betwe5 ! two seas w\ld be productive ( dang] to a l>ge portion ( ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,x is n[1 h[ev]1 asc]ta9$ t ! diff]5ce ( altitude is v trifl+1 n m ?an ?irte5 feet at high wat]4#e ,! preval5ce ( ^! errors may h t5d$1 9 comb9ation ) ,spani% jeal\sy1 unheal?9ess ( climate on ! ,atlantic side1 ! d5s5ess ( ! =e/s1 & ! unsettl$ /ate ( ! ,gov]nm5t = "s ye>s aft] ! ,spani% yoke 0 %ak5 (f1 to prev5t ! und]tak+ n[ propos$ f be+ s]i\sly consid]$4 ,panama is ! pr9cipal city on ! ,i/hmus4 ,its site has be5 once *ang$4 ,:5 ! ,spani>ds fir/ visit$ ! ,i/hmus 9 #aeab1 ! spot on :i* ! old city 0 aft]w>ds built1 0 already occupi$ by an ,indian population1 attract$ by ! abundance ( fi% on ! coa/1 & :o are said to h nam$ x ,panama f ?is circum/ance1 ! ^w signify+ mu* fi%4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 7 spe$ily dispossess$2 & ev5 s e>ly z #aeba1 ! title & privileges ( a city 7 conf]r$ on ! ,spani% t[n by ! emp]or1 ,*>les ! ,fif?4 ,9 ! ye> #afgj1 x 0 sack$ & r$uc$ to a%es by ! buccane]1 ,morgan1 & 0 subsequ5tly built :]e x n[ /&s4 ,! position ( ! pres5t t[n ( ,panama is 9 latitude #h #eg' ,n42 longitude #gi #cj' ,w4 ( ,gre5wi*1 on a tongue ( l&1 %ap$ ne>ly l a spe> head1 ext5d+ a consid]able di/ance out to sea1 & gradually swell+ t[>ds ! middle4 ,its h>b\r is protect$ by a numb] ( isl&s1 a %ort di/ance f ! ma9 l&1 "s ( :i* are ( consid]able size1 & highly cultivat$4 ,!re is good an*orage at ea* ( ^! isl&s1 & supplies ( ord9>y k9ds1 includ+ excell5t wat]1 :i* may be obta9$ f sev]al ( !m4#f ,! city ( ,panama 01 9 ! #ag? c5tury1 a place ( great importance1 b has gradually sunk into comp>ative insignificance4 ,! policy ( ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t ( ,new ,granada is to re/ore ?is city to its pri/9e importance1 & = ?is reason1 "o t]m9us ( ! int5d$ ,%ip ,canal %\ld be at1 or z ne> z conv5i5tly may be to1 ?is position4 ,! natural ob/acles to be ov]come 9 =m+ a ,canal betwe5 ,panama1 & ! ne>e/ po9t ( ! opposite coa/1 :i* is ! ,gulph ( ,san ,blas 7likewise call$ ! ,bay ( ,m&+o71 r5d] x exp$i5t to select a position we/ ( t l9e1 & ! happy co9cid5ce ( two navigable riv]s1 trav]s+ ! l[ l&s to ! we/ ( ,porto ,bello1 ! "o fall+ into ! ,atlantic1 & ! o!r into ! ,pacific ,ocean1 :i* may ei!r =m "p ( ! navigation1 or be us$ to fe$ ! ,canal1 r5d]s t "p ( ! ,i/hmus ! mo/ eligible = ?is purpose4 ,! riv]s allud$ to1 are ! ,*agres & ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,! t[n ( ,*agres1 at ! m\? ( ! riv] ( ! same "n1 is ab\t ?irty-two miles we/ ( ,porto ,bello 7,pu]to ,velo72 x is situat$ on ! nor? bank ( ! riv]1 :i* falls into ! ,c>ibbean ,sea4 ,! h>b\r =m$ by ! m\? ( ! riv] hav+ be5 greatly neglect$1 has be5 mu* *ok$ up2 b x w\ld be unnecess>y to incur ! exp5se ( improv+ x1 = ,navy ,bay1 call$ also ! ,bay ( ,limon1 ly+ imm$iately to ! ea/w>d ( ,*agres1 is a l>ge & spaci\s h>b\r1 be+ ?ree miles wide at ! m\?1 & hav+ suffici5t draught ( wat] = ! l>ge/ %ips 9 ! ,briti% ,navy4 ,! riv] ,*agres approa*es )9 ?ree miles ( ! head ( ?is ,bay2 ! gr\nd betwe5 is a dead level1#g & all writ]s agree t1 ! difficulties ( ! h>b\r be+ surm\nt$1 !re is abundance ( wat] 9 ! ,*agres4 ,x is1 !re=e1 propos$ ei!r to cut a ,canal f ,navy ,bay to ! ,*agres1 & !n to asc5d t riv] z f> z its junction ) ! riv] ,tr9idad1 & aft] trav]s+ a "p ( ! latt]1 to con/ruct a canal :i* %all connect ! ,tr9idad ) ! ,riv] ,f>fan1 a bran* ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 & to proce$ by t riv] to ,panama2 or %\ld ! ,bay ( ,*orr]a1 :i* is laid d[n 9 ! plan1 be deem$ a pref]able h>b\r1 to bran* (f to t bay2 or to make ! ,canal across ! :ole wid? ( ! i/hmus1 f ! ,bay ( ,limon to t ( ,panama1 us+ ! riv]s ,tr9idad1 ,f>fan1 & ,b]n>d9o1 & o!r /reams :i* cross ! l9e1 = ! supply ( ! ,canal4 ,! plan annex$ to ?is pamphlet w exhibit ! two l9es1 & ! read] w p]ceive t a small ,lake1 call$ ! ,lake ( ,v9o ,t9to1 may1 if ! fir/ proposal is adopt$1 be made available1 & s less5 ! ext5t ( ! ,canal4 ,if ! ,riv]s are us$ z a "p ( ! ,navigation1 ! di/ance betwe5 t po9t ( ! ,riv] ,tr9idad at :i* ! ,canal w\ld comm5ce1 z %ewn 9 ! plan1 & ! po9t :]e ! ,f>fan ceases to be navigable1 is only #be miles1 & !re is no high l& int]v5+1 ! *a9 ( ! ,&es t]m9at+ sev]al miles to ! ea/w>d ( ! valley ( ! ,*agres1 z be=e m5tion$4 ,if ! o!r plan be adopt$1 ! l5g? ( ! ,canal w be #eh miles4 ,al?\gh at fir/ sight x may appe> to be a "w ( sup]]ogation1 to c>ry ! ,canal ov] t "p ( ! ,i/hmus :i* is trav]s$ by navigable riv]s1 x is by _m eng9e]s consid]$ pref]able 9 =m+ a ,canal1 to use ! riv]s 9 its vic9ity only = ! purpose ( supply+ ! ,canal ) wat]1 & n z a cont9uation ( ! inl& navigation1 on acc\nt ( ! v>iation 9 ! dep? ( riv]s f floods1 or o!r accid5ts4 ,:i* ( ^! two c\rses w\ld be mo/ exp$i5t 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 may be safely left to ! det]m9ation ( ! eng9e] select$ to c>ry out ! und]tak+2--x is suffici5t to "k t ei!r is practicable1 & t ! exp5se ( cutt+ ! ,canal ! :ole wid? ( ! i/hmus w\ld meet ) a correspond+ return to ! und]tak]s4 ,! pr9cipal difficulty anticipat$ 9 ! execution ( ! "w1 arises f ! unheal?9ess ( ! climate on ! ,atlantic side ( ! i/hmus--a difficulty to :i* ! writ] is by no means ins5sible4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 exagg]at$1 & by prop] arrangem5ts may be surm\nt$4 ,! causes ( ?is unheal?9ess are *iefly ! swampy /ate ( ! gr\nd on ! ,atlantic side ( ! ,i/hmus 7:i* ! ,canal itself1 act+ z a dra9 ^u ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 w greatly t5d to remove71 & ! mal>ia eng5d]$ by ! clos5ess ( ! woods1 & by ! accumulation ( decay$ vegetable sub/ances1 :i* ! op5+ ( ! c\ntry1 incid5tal to ! =mation ( ! ,canal n[ propos$1 & ! road aft]w>ds adv]t$ to1 w t5d to alleviate2 & aft] all1 ^? :o h visit$ ?is "p ( ! ,i/hmus1 concur 9 /at+ t ! mortality 9 ! l[ l&s ab\t ,*agres is pr9cipally ow+ to ! imprud5ce ( ! ,europeans visit+ ! c\ntry1 9 expos+ !mselves to ! night dews by sleep+ 9 ! op5 air1 & indulg+ 9 habits ( intemp]ance4#h ,if an association 7 =m$ = c>ry+ out ! "w n[ project$1 "o ( ! fir/ c>es ( ! manag]s %\ld be to erect huts or b>racks = ! protection ( ! workm5 aga9/ exposure to ! wea!r1 & ! appo9tm5t ( a m$ical (fic]1 :o %\ld be entru/$ ) suffici5t p[]s to ensure ob$i5ce to 8 regulations4 ,if ! indu/ry ( ! native population c\ld be dep5d$ ^u1 !re w\ld be no want ( lab\r]s inur$ to ! climate1 b ! in]tness ( ! natives r5d]s x inexp$i5t to rely ^u !m alone2 al?\gh1 work+ 9 conjunction ) ,europeans1 & /imulat$ by _! example1 & by ! love ( ga91 _! s]vices may1 no d\bt1 be made available4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no difficulty 9 collect+ f ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica a suffici5t numb] ( ,iri% lab\r]s inur$ to a tropical climate1 z 0 lately cle>ly %ewn by ! =mation ( a railway at ! ,havanna1 :i* 0 almo/ entirely con/ruct$ by ?is class ( m54 ,any defici5cy ( lab\r]s1 x is consid]$1 c\ld easily be drawn f ! m9+ di/ricts ( ,cornwall1 f ,irel& itself1 or f ,scotl&1 or ! ,nor? ( ,engl&4 ,! next consid]ation is ! exp5se ( con/ruct+ a ,%ip ,canal across ! ,i/hmus1 & ! probable returns4 ,! e/imates :i* h be5 made1 & ( :i* ! result is giv5 bel[1 suppose ! ,canal to be cut ?r\gh ! :ole wid? ( ! ,i/hmus1 f ! ,bay ( ,limon to t ( ,*orr]a1 & !y include a l>ge outlay = improv+ ! h>b\rs =m$ by ! two bays4 ,! fir/ item t w\ld occur 9 an und]tak+ ( ! same nature 9 ?is c\ntry1 w\ld be ! pur*ase ( ! l&4 ,"h a great advantage pres5ts itself 9 ! pres5t ent]prise2 = ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,new ,granada1 fully appreciat+ ! p]man5t advantages to be d]iv$ to ! /ate f ! execution ( a "w1 :i* x is unequal to accompli% by its own res\rces1 has repeat$ly (f]$ to grant ! l& requir$1 = #fj1 #gj1 or #hj ye>s1 accord+ to ! magnitude ( ! works1 free ( r5t1 or burd5s ( any k9d1 & to admit ! importation1 free ( duty1 ( all mat]ials & provisions necess>y = ! und]tak+4 ,,exp5ses4 ,! exp5ses ( cutt+ ! ,canal1 & ( ! direction & managem5t ( a ,company con/itut$ = t purpose1 up to ! p]iod ( ! op5+ ( ! ,canal h be5 e/imat$ at#i #a1gac1agg ,b if x be deem$ exp$i5t to raise two millions1 9 ord] to provide = any un=se5 casualties1 ! diff]5ce w be #bhf1hbc ---------- ,total outlay #b1jjj1jjj ,,returns4 ,f in=mation d]iv$ f (ficial s\rces 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 x is e/imat$ t ! tonnage ( vessels belong+ to ^? c\ntries & to ,holl&1 trad+ 9 c\ntries to :i* ! ,canal ?r\gh ! ,i/hmus w be ! %orte/ voyage1 am\nt to #gii1dbg tons p] annum2 & !re c be no d\bt t ! op5+ ( ! ,canal w\ld create a great ext5sion ( trade to ! ,s\? ,seas1 z well z induce ! own]s ( _m ( ! vessels n[ us+ ! navigation by ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope to pref] ! %ort] voyage ?r\gh ! ,i/hmus2 & :5 we add to ?is consid]ation1 ! fact t ! above calculations d n include ! vessels belong+ to ,spa91 ,s>d9ia1 ! ,hanse ,t[ns1 & o!r nations ( m9or importance z m>itime p[]s1 b possess+ 9 ! aggregate a trade n altoge!r inconsid]able1 nor ! traffic t may be expect$ to fl[ to ! ,pacific f ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! ,briti% ,colonies 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ! c\ntries on ! nor? ea/ coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! tonnage ( vessels t w be attract$ to ! ,canal may be fairly e/imat$ at #hjj1jjj tons4 ,a tonnage duty ( #b p] ton1 on #hjj1jjj tons w produce #a1fjj1jjj1 equal1 at #ds4 #b;d41 to #ccc1ccc ,all[+ a d$uction = ! annual exp5ses ( a sum mu* l>g] ?an w probably be requir$1 say #dj1jjj -------- ,!re w rema9 a ,balance ( annual pr(it ( #bic1ccc ,?is 9 turn w give upw>ds ( #ad-a_/b p] c5t4 pr(it on ! above outlay ( #b1jjj1jjj4 ,! ,i/hmus has rec5tly be5 survey$ by ,m4 ,g>ella1 an em95t ,fr5* ,eng9e]1 ^: op9ions w be f\nd 9 ! extract f ! ,moniteur1 conta9$ 9 ! ,app5dix4 ,he 0 employ$ to make ! survey by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 & 8 (ficial ,report has n yet be5 made public4 ,he diff]s 9 sev]al mat]ial po9ts f ,m4 ,morel1 ano!r ,fr5* g5tleman1 :o is /at$ to h lately survey$ ! ,i/hmus2#aj b if ! =mation ( a canal %\ld be und]tak5 by an ,engli% company1 ! p>ties engag$ 9 ! ent]prize w\ld d\btless be guid$ by ! ,engli% eng9e] :om !y w\ld employ1 9 ! selection ( ! mo/ eligible l9e1 :ile ! lab\rs ( 8 pr$ecessors w\ld greatly aid him 9 8 survey4 ,z subs]vi5t to ! gr& project ( a ,%ip ,canal1 an improv$ road across ! ,i/hmus has be5 project$4 ,! abundance ( h>d wood to be f\nd on ! spot1 w\ld furni% a *eap mat]ial = conv]t+ x into a tram-road4 ,! exp5se has be5 e/imat$ by ,fr5* eng9e]s at #dj1jjj /]l+1 & ! returns1 ev5 accord+ to ! pres5t transit ( goods & pass5g]s across ! ,i/hmus by ! mis]able road n[ exi/+ f ,cruces to ,panama1 w\ld1 at a v mod]ate toll1 be enorm\s on t outlay4 ,,app5dix4 ,! foll[+ ,extracts f ,au?ors :o h treat$ ( ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama w t5d to illu/rate ! subject ( ! =ego+ pages4 ,dampi]1 7#afha74 ,panama enjoys a good air1 ly+ op5 to ! sea-w9d4 ,!re are no woods nor m>%es ne> ,panama1 b a brave dry *ampaign l&1 n subject to fogs nor mi/s4 ,humboldt1 7#ahjc74 ,x appe>s t we f9d a prolongation ( ! ,&es t[>ds ! ,s\? ,sea1 betwe5 ,cruces & ,panama4 ,h[ev]1 ,lionel ,waf] assures u t ! hills :i* =m ! c5tral *a91 are sep>at$ f "o ano!r by valleys1 :i* all[ free c\rse = passage ( ! riv]s2 if ?is la/ ass]tion be f\nd$1 we might believe 9 ! possibility ( a canal f ,cruces to ,panama1 ( :i* ! navigation w\ld only be int]rupt$ by a v few locks4 ,! ,ed9burgh ,review1 = ,jan4 #ahji1 ,art4 ,,ii4 page #bhb4 ,9 enum]at+1 h[ev]1 ! advantages ( a comm]cial nature :i* w\ld assur$ly spr+ f ! emancipation ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 we h n yet notic$ ! greate/1 p]haps1 ( all1--! mightie/ ev5t probably 9 favor ( ! peaceful int]c\rse ( nations :i* ! physical circum/ances ( ! globe pres5t to ! ent]prise ( man1--we mean ! =mation ( a navigable passage across ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama1 ! junction ( ! ,atlantic & ,pacific ,oceans4 ,x is rem>kable t ?is magnific5t und]tak+1 pregnant ) consequ5ces s important to mank9d1 & ab\t :i* s little is kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry1 is s f> f be+ a romantic or *im]ical project1 t1 x is n only practicable b easy4 ,! ,riv] ,*agres1 :i* falls into ! ,atlantic at ! t[n ( ! same "n1 ab\t #ah leagues to ! we/w>d ( ,porto ,bello is navigable z f> z ,cruces1 )9 five leagues ( ,panama2 b ?\gh ! =mation ( a ,canal f ?is place to ,panama1 facilitat$ by ! valleys ?r\gh :i* ! pres5t road passes1 appe>s to pres5t no v =midable ob/acles1 !re is /ill a bett] exp$i5t4 ,at ! di/ance ( ab\t five leagues f ! m\? ( ! ,*agres x receives ! riv] ,tr9idad1 :i* is navigable to ,emb>cad]o2 & f t place to ,panama is a di/ance ( ab\t #cj miles1 ?r\gh a level c\ntry1 ) a f9e riv]1#aa to supply wat] = ! ,canal1 & no difficulty :atev] to c\nt]act ! noble und]tak+4 ,! gr\nd has be5 survey$1 & n ! practicability only1 b ! facility ( ! "w completely asc]ta9$4 ,9 ! next place1 ! important requisite ( safe h>b\rs1 at ! two extremities ( a ,canal1 is "h suppli$ to ! ext5t ( our utmo/ wi%es4 ,at ! m\? ( ! ,*agres is a f9e ,bay1 :i* receiv$ ! ,briti% #gd gun-%ips 9 #agdj1 & at ! o!r extremity is ! fam\s h>b\r ( ,panama4 ,j4 ,a4 ,lloyd1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ 9 ,europe t ! great *a9 ( m\nta9s1 :i* 9 ,s\? ,am]ica =ms ! ,&es1 & 9 ,nor? ,am]ica ! ,mexican & ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 cont9ues ne>ly unbrok5 ?r\gh ! ,i/hmus4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! case3 ! ,nor!rn ,cordill]a breaks into deta*$ m\nta9s on ! ea/]n side ( ! prov9ce ( ,v]agua4 ,^! are ( consid]able height1 extremely abrupt & rugg$1 & frequ5tly exhibit an almo/ p]p5dicul> face ( b>e rock4 ,to ^! succe$ num]\s conical m\nta9s ris+ out ( ,savannahs & pla9s1 & seldom exce$+ f #cjj to #ejj feet 9 height4 ,f9ally betwe5 ,*agres on ! ,atlantic side1 & ,*orr]a on ! ,pacific side1 ! conical m\nta9s are n s num]\s1 hav+ pla9s ( great ext5t int]sp]s$1 ) occasional insulat$ ranges ( hills ( inconsid]able height & ext5t4 ,f ?is description x w be se5 t ! spot :]e ! cont95t ( ,am]ica is r$uc$ to ne>ly its n>r[e/ limits1 is also di/+ui%$ by a break = a few miles ( ! ,great *a9 ( ,m\nta9s1 :i* o!rwise ext5ds1 ) b few exceptions1 to its extreme nor!rn & s\!rn limits4 ,?is comb9ation ( circum/ances po9ts out ! peculi> fitness ( ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama = ! e/abli%m5t ( a communication across4 ,philosophical ,transactions1 #ahcj1 ,"p ,i41 p4 #fe4 ,%\ld a "t arrive :5 a project ( a wat] communication across ! ,i/hmus may be ent]ta9$1 ! riv] ,tr9idad w probably appe> ! mo/ fav\rable r\te4 ,! riv] is = "s di/ance bo? broad & deep4 ,its banks are also well suit$ = :>fs4 ,philosophical ,transactions1 ibid1 p4 #ff4 ,! riv]1 its *annel1 & ! banks1 :i*1 9 ! dry season1 emb>rass its navigation1 are laid d[n 9 ! manuscript plan ) great c>e & m9ut5ess4 ,x is subject to "o great inconv5i5ce1 t vessels draw+ m ?an #ab feet wat]1 _c ent] ! riv]1 ev5 9 p]fectly calm wea!r1 on acc\nt ( a /ratum ( slaty lime/one1 :i* runs at a dep? at high wat] ( fifte5 feet1 f a po9t on ! ma9 l& to "s rocks 9 ! middle ( ! entrance ( ! h>b\r1 & :i* are j ev5 ) ! wat]'s edge2 :i*1 toge!r ) ! lee curr5t t sets on ! s\!rn %ore1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ra9y season1 r5d]s ! entrance extremely difficult & dang]\s4444 ,! value ( ! ,*agres1 consid]$ z ! port ( entrance = all communications1 :e!r by ! riv] ,*agres1 ,tr9idad1 or by railroads across ! pla9s1 is greatly limit$ f ! above m5tion$ cause4 ,x w\ld prove 9 all cases a s]i\s disqualification1 7 x n "o :i* admits ( a simple & effectual rem$y1 aris+ f ! proximity ( ! ,bay ( ,limon1 o!rwise call$ ,navy ,bay1 ) :i* ! riv] might easily be connect$4 ,! coves ( ?is bay af=d excell5t & secure an*orage 9 its pres5t /ate1 & ! :ole h>b\r is capable ( be+ r5d]$1 by obvi\s & n v exp5sive means1 "o ( ! mo/ commodi\s & safe h>b\rs 9 ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ! good (fices ( ,h4 ,m4 ,consul 9 ,panama1#ab & ! k9dness ( ! ,comm&] ( ,h4 ,m4 ,%ip ,victor1 ,i obta9$ ! use ( t %ip & h] boats 9 mak+ ! accompany+ plan ( ?is bay4444 ,! s\nd+s 7 tak5 by myself1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! ma/]4 ,x w be se5 f ?is plan1 t ! di/ance f "o ( ! be/ coves 79 respect to an*orage71 across ! sep>at+ c\ntry f ! ,*agres1 & 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t track1 is some?+ less ?an ?ree miles to a po9t 9 ! riv] ab\t ?ree miles f its m\?4 ,i h trav]s$ ! int]v5+ l& :i* is p>ticul>ly level1 & 9 all respects suitable = a canal1 :i*1 be+ requir$ = s %ort a di/ance1 might well be ( suffici5t dep? to admit vessels ( any reasonable draft ( wat]1 & w\ld obviate ! inconv5i5ce ( ! %all[ wat] at ! entrance ( ! ,*agres4 ,ibid1 p4 #fh4 ,extract f ! ,moniteur ,p>isi5 ( ,monday1 ,octob] #ad1 #ahdd4 ,"s ( ! public pap]s 9 ann\nc+ ! return ( ,m4 ,g>ella to ,p>is1 h ass]t$ t ! surveys made by t ,eng9e] on ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama h l$ him to conclude t ! =mation ( a canal 9 t ,c\ntry :i* %\ld unite ! two oceans is impossible4 ,?is ass]tion is completely errone\s4 ,! ,report t ?is ,eng9e] int5ds to lay be=e ! ,m9i/]s is n yet complet$2 b ! pr9cipal results ( 8 voyage are already kn[n1 & :i* f> f hav+ e/abli%$ ! impossibility ( ! execution ( ! project$ "w1 prove on ! contr>y t ! soil ( ?is portion ( ! ,i/hmus is n su* z to ?reat5 any s]i\s ob/ruction to ! p]=mance ( a "w ( ! k9d4 ,! l9e :i* has be5 explor$ by ,m4 ,g>ella1 seems to be ab\t #gf kilometres 7#df-a_/b miles7 9 l5g?4 ,its po9t ( t]m9ation ^u ! side ( ! ,atlantic is 9 ! ,bay ( ,limon 7,pu]to de ,naos7 situat$ a little ea/ ( ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,*agres1 & already indicat$ five ye>s ago by ,mr4 ,lloyd1 :]e !re is a dep? ( wat] ( #aj metres 7#ce ft4 #e 9471 & :]e x w be easy to =m an excell5t port at a small exp5se4 ,by ?is means may be avoid$ ! village ( ,*agres1 situat$ at ! mon? ( ! riv] ( t "n1 b ( :i* ! real unheal?9ess has be5 s mu* exagg]at$1 z to create an unf\nd$ al>m among too _m travell]s4 ,on ! ,pacific ,ocean ! ,canal %\ld t]m9ate at a little bay nam$ ,ens5ada de ,voca de ,monte1 situat$ betwe5 ,panama & ! m\? ( ! ,caimito1 :]e !re is f\r metres 7#ac ft4 #a 947 dep? ( wat] at l[ tide1 :i*1 ) #c metres #bj c5timetres 7#aj-a_/b ft471 :i* repres5t ! diff]5ce at high tide1 gives a suffici5t dep? ( wat] = ! l>ge/ m]*ant %ips4 ,! rigidly exact levell+s :i* h be5 tak5 by ,m4 ,g>ella1 e/abli% t ! mean level ( ! ,pacific ,ocean is two metres #hj c5timetres 7#i ft4 #b 947 high] ?an t ( ! ,atlantic1 & t ! m9imum po9t ( ! *a9 to ov]come1 :i* w be ! mo/ elevat$ po9t ( ! l9e ( ! "w1 is #abj metres 7#aca y>ds#ac7 above ! height ( ! sea at ,panama4 ,! surveys :i* h be5 made1 prove at ! same "t t ! height may be r$uc$ to #ij metres 7#ij y>ds & a half7 by a tr5* f f\r to five kilometres 7betwe5 two & ?ree miles7 9 l5g?1 :i*1 al?\gh consid]able1 has no?+ disc\rag+1 consid]+ ! p[]s :i* sci5ce puts at ! disposal ( ! eng9e]4 ,?is height w r5d] x necess>y to =m #cj locks at ea* ( ! declivities4 ,m4 ,g>ella is conv9c$1 z mu* by 8 own obs]vations1 z by ! in=mation t he has be5 able to obta9 ^u ! spot1 t all t has be5 said ( ! unheal?9ess ( ! ,i/hmus has be5 exagg]at$4 ,panama is1 ( all ! t[ns ^u ! coa/ ( ,am]ica :i* are situat$ betwe5 ! ,tropics1 ! mo/ heal?y1 & p]haps ! only t[n :]e ! yell[ fev] has nev] appe>$4 ,! int]ior ( ! ,i/hmus1 ?r\gh :i* wat] c\rses f9d a rapid passage1 is equally heal?y1 & is inhabit$ by a robu/ & hospitable population1 :i*1 al?\gh ?9ly spread ov] a l>ge tract ( c\ntry1 z 9 almo/ all ! c\ntries ( ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica1 toge!r ) t ( ! neighb\r+ c\ntries1 may amply supply ! lab\r]s necess>y = ! "w1 9 case ( its execution4 ,*agres is ! only po9t :]e ! climate has any degree ( unheal?9ess1 ow+ to pure local circum/ances2 b ?is po9t w be avoid$ by ! l9e contemplat$ by ,m4 ,g>ella4 ,!n 9 ! unheal?9ess ( ! climate !re is no?+ to be dread$ = su* artizans z masons & c>p5t]s1 :om x w\ld be necess>y to s5d out f ,europe4 ,on ! o!r h& ! soil is ( wond]ful f]tility4 ,! cattle1 f> f be+ sc>ce 9 t "p are1 on ! contr>y1 abundant1 especially 9 ! ,canton ( ,*iriqui1 on ! ,pacific ,ocean1 a little to ! we/ ( ,panama4 ,!re w1 !re=e1 be easily f\nd )9 ! c\ntry ! means ( provision+ a l>ge numb] ( workm54 ,! exact e/imate ( ! exp5se att5d+ ! =mation ( a ,canal at ,panama _c be kn[n until ! report ( ,m4 ,g>ella %all be complet$4 ,b ! =ego+ explanations are ( suffici5t weight1 z a decid$ result ( 8 surveys1 to enable u to see t1 aga9/ ! und5iable utility ( a ,canal t %\ld be ( suffici5t dim5sions to all[ ! passage ( ! l>ge/ m]*ants' %ips1 we c h>dly place 9 ! balance ! consid]ation ( any exp5ses :atsoev]1 nor "q ! long s]ies & increas+ importance ( ! advantages :i* mu/ arise f x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by way ( summ>y3 ! op9ion ( ?is eng9e] on ! possibility ( ! =mation ( ! ,canal 9 "q1 is conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ l9es ( a lett] address$ by him to ! ,gov]nor ( ,panama1 dat$ ! #g? ,july1 #ahdd1 & a few days be=e 8 dep>ture f t c\ntry1 translat$ f ! ,c>tilla ,popul>1 a public pap] publi%$ at ,panama1 & writt5 9 ,spani%4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i am nev]!less p>tly able to satisfy y\r j & natural impati5ce1 9 ann\nc+ to y t a ,canal across ! ,i/hmus betwe5 ! riv] ,*agres1 & a po9t ( ! coa/ ( ! ,pacific ,ocean1 9 ! environs ( ,panama1 is a "w ( v possible execution1 & ev5 easi] ?an t ( _m ,canals :i* h be5 =m$ 9 ,europe4 ,m4 ,morel4 ,! au?or has be5 furni%$ ) ! foll[+ summ>y ( ! op9ions ( ,m4 ,morel1 :o has be5 a resid5t = "s ye>s at ,panama4 ,m4 ,morel is /at$ to h survey$ ! :ole l9e ( c\ntry de/9$ to be appropriat$ to a road1 z well z ! gr\nd ?r\gh :i* a ,canal might be op5$1 & z ! result ( 8 surveys & obs]vations1 he is report$ to /ate-- #a4 ,t ! wid? ( ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama1 9 a direct l9e1 does n exce$ #cc miles4 #b4 ,t ! *a9 ( m\nta9s :i* incloses ! c\ntry t]m9ates precisely betwe5 ,*agres & ,panama1 & =ms a valley1 :i* is cross$ 9 all directions by num]\s /reams4 #c4 ,t besides ^? /reams1 f\r riv]s ( m importance1 ! ,*agres & ,tr9idad1 :i* fl[ into ! ,atlantic1 & ! ,f>fan & ,rio ,gr&e1 :i* dis*>ge !mselves into ! ,pacific1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,panama1 c be made available4 #d4 ,t ! s\nd+s ( ! ,riv] ,*agres %[ its dep? to be f #af-a_/b to #bb feet1 to its junction ) ! riv] ,tr9idad1 ! tide be+ felt = f\r miles up ! la/ nam$ riv]4 ,! bread? ( ! ,*agres is #bbj feet f its m\? to ! ,tr9idad4 #e4 ,t x becomes only necess>y to unite ^! riv]s by a ,canal1 ! l5g? ( :i* w\ld n exce$ #be miles1 & :i* w\ld be abundantly suppli$ by ! num]\s /reams already m5tion$4 #f4 ,t ! l& ?r\gh :i* ?is ,canal is to pass1 is almo/ on a level ) ! sea1 ! highe/ po9t be+ #cf feet1 ?us pres5t+ none ( ^? s]i\s difficulties :i* g5]ally att5d a "w ( ?is description4#ad #g4 ,t ! c\ntry ab\nds ) ! necess>y mat]ials = build+1 su* z free-/one1 clay1 lime1 & wood4 #h4 ,t !re c exi/ no fe> ( a sc>city ( lab\r]s & workm51 f ! numb] :o h already be5 enroll$ by ! gov]nm5t ( ,new ,granada1 :i* am\nts to #djjj & upw>ds4 #i4 ,t ! objection :i* has (t5 be5 />t$ aga9/ ! possibility ( =m+ a wat] communication across ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama1 f\nd$ on ! diff]5ce suppos$ to exi/ betwe5 ! levels ( ! two seas1 is totally at v>iance ) ! natural /ate ( ?+s1 ! tides ris+ to diff]5t heights at ,*agres & at ,panama1 ?us plac+ ! ,pacific sometimes above1 & sometimes bel[ ! ,atlantic4 ,la/ly1 ,m4 ,morel rem>ks1 t ,b>on de ,humboldt1 ! celebrat$ ,geograph]1 ,m4 ,arago1 ! em95t ,a/ronom]1 ,f4,r4,s41 & ,comm&] ,g>ni]1 ( ! ,fr5* ,brig ( ,w>1 ,le ,lauri]1 h prov$ t if !re be any inequality ( height1 ! av]age diff]5ce ( level _c exce$ "o metre 7ab\t "o y>d ,engli%74 ,,po/script4 ,s9ce ! =ego+ pamphlet 0 9 pr9t1 an ,article has appe>$ 9 ! ,morn+ ,*ronicle ( ! #af? ,may1 #ahde1 9 :i* x is alleg$1 ^u ! au?ority ( an ,article 9 ! ,j\rnal des ,debats1 t ,m4 ,g>ella has giv5 9 8 ,report to ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 & t he reports 9 fav\r ( ! practicability ( ! s*eme1 b t he f\nd ! l[e/ elevation betwe5 ! two oceans to am\nt to1 f #abj to #afj metres1 & t ?is be+1 z he says1 too great an elevation = a ,%ip ,canal1 he proposes an enorm\s ,tunnel capable ( all[+ ,frigates to pass ?r\gh--t he ?9ks f exam9ation ( ! soil1 t a ,tunnel ( #ajj feet 9 height above ! surface ( ! ,canal w be practicable1 & might be made ) a reasonable outlay ( money2 & t ! l5g? ( ! ,tunnel w\ld be #e1cej metres1 & ! exp5se ( x ab\t #dd millions ( francs 7#a1gfj1jjj74 ,x is impossible to read ?is /atem5t )\t feel+ a /rong suspicion t1 = "s object :i* does n appe>1 x is ! wi% ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 or ^? :o h put ! /atem5t =?1 to det] o!rs f emb>k+ 9 ! =mation ( a ,canal across ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama2 = ! recomm5dation ( a ,tunnel ( #e1cej metres 7ab\t ?ree miles7 9 l5g?1 & #ajj feet 9 height1 is n only prepo/]\s 9 itself1 z appli$ to a ,%ip ,canal1 b is :olly at v>iance ) ,m4 ,g>ella's own lett] to ! ,gov]nor ( ,panama 7ante p4 #bf71 & ) ! /atem5t ( 8 op9ions 9 ! ,article 9 ! ,moniteur ,p>isi5 7ante p4 #bc71 :i* ,article is believ$ to h be5 writt5 by himself4 ,x is true t ,m4 ,g>ella1 be+ a ,m9+ ,eng9e] 7,+nieur des ,m9es7 may h a p>tiality = subt]rane\s works2 & ?is refection provokes ! obs]vation1 t x is s+ul> t ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t %\ld h select$1 = ?is v important survey1 an ,eng9e] ( ,m9es 7h[ev] em95t 9 8 dep>tm5t71 r ?an "o exp]i5c$ 9 ! =mation ( ,canals1 :5 x _h s _m ( ! latt] at comm&4 ,x is difficult to conceive t ! writ] ( ! lett] to ! ,gov]nor ( ,panama1 & ( ! ,article 9 ! ,moniteur ,p>isi5 c be s9c]e 9 recomm5d+ a ,tunnel2 & ! conclusion is irresi/ible1 t if ! ,article 9 ! ,debats has any f\ndation 9 ! =?com+ ,report1 x is a /roke ( policy on ! "p ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 to disc\rage an und]tak+ :i* its own subjects h n suffici5t ent]prize to accompli%1 & :i* x w\ld object to see execut$ by o!r nations4 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! "q1 x may n be immat]ial to rem>k1 t on a comp>ison lately made by an ,engli% ,eng9e] ( ,mr4 ,lloyd's levels1 ) ! survey alleg$ to h be5 made by ,m4 ,morel 7! accuracy ( :i* is necess>ily impugn$ by ,m4 ,g>ella1 if he ass]ts t an elevation ( #abj metres mu/ be ov]come71 x appe>s t ! levels ascrib$ to ,m4 ,morel1 v ne>ly agree ) ^? ( ,mr4 ,lloyd1 & are sub/antially corroborat$ by 8 survey4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! read] w rememb] t to discov] a m direct passage to ,india ?an ! voyage r\nd ,africa1 :i* ! ,portuguese 7 !n explor+1 0 ! object ( ,columbus' voyage :i* l$ to ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 & ! pres5t proposal is to realize ! project ( t great navigator4 ,! "n ( ,indies 0 giv5 to 8 discov]ies1 "u a belief t he _h actually rea*$ ,india1 a "n /ill pres]v$ 9 our ,we/ ,indies4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 book ii41 vol4 i1 pp4 #gj & #abd-e1 7edit4 ( #ahba74 ,x may well excite a/oni%m5t t m ?an ?ree c5turies %\ld h be5 all[$ to elapse be=e ! full accompli%m5t ( ?is great man's und]tak+4 #b ,! intellig5t obs]v] ( pass+ ev5ts w n fail to see 9 ! signs ( ! times indications t ! day is n f> di/ant :5 ! important ,empire ( ,japan w foll[ ! example ( ,*9a1 & ?r[ op5 its h>b\rs to ,european comm]ce--a consummation dev\tly to be wi%$--& :i* ! pres5t exp$ition to ^? %ores1 "u ! comm& ( ,sir ,edw>d ,bel*]1 is likely to accel]ate4 ,a m imm$iate developm5t ( comm]cial ent]prise _c fail to result f ! op5+ ( a ,%ip ,canal ?r\gh ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama2 viz41 a direct trade betwe5 ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,spani%1 & ! c\ntries :i* h be5 nam$4 ,f ?is consid]ation1 ! ,we/ ,india proprietors & m]*ants1 ^: prop]ty 9 ^? colonies has be5 ( late ye>s s mu* depreciat$1 are deeply int]e/$ 9 ! success ( ?is und]tak+4 #c ,! op9ions ( writ]s :o h visit$ ! locality1 w be f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix4 ,to ^? ( ,mr4 ,lloyd1 :o 0 s5t by ,boliv> to survey ! ,i/hmus 9 #ahbg1 9 p>ticul>1 great weight is due4 #d ,x 0 =m]ly call$ ! ,i/hmus ( ,d>i51 b t "n has fall5 into disuse among all p]sons :o h any int]c\rse ) t "p ( ! globe1 ?\gh /ill pres]v$ 9 "s ( ! atlases4 #e ,j4 ,a4 ,lloyd1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s41 ,philosophical ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,london1 #ahcj1 ,"p ,i4 pp4 #fb1 #fc4 #f ,j4 ,a4 ,lloyd1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s41 ,geographical ,society's ,transactions1 vol4 ,i4 #g ,j4 ,a4 ,lloyd4 ,see ,app5dix4 #h ,! writ] has conf]r$ ) sev]al g5tlem5 :o h visit$ ! ,i/hmus1 & :o agree 9 ?is op9ion4 #i ,x may be "h /at$ t ! ,cal$onian ,canal1 & ! ,canal f ,am/]dam to ,niewdiep1 ! two mo/ exp5sive ,%ip ,canals :i* h be5 made 9 ,europe 7& :i* approximate 9 magnitude ! ,canal n[ project$71 7 =m$ at a mu* less exp5se p] mile ?an has be5 all[$ 9 ?is e/imate4 #aj ,see ,app5dix1 page #bf4 #aa ,probably ! ,f>fan4 #ab ,malcolm ,mac,gregor1 ,esq4 #ac ,! ,canal ( ,langu$oc is at its highe/ po9t #fjj feet above ! level ( ! sea4--,m',cullo*'s ,comm]cial ,dict41 ,art4 ,canals4 #ad ,x may be possible to reconcile ! app>5t contradiction betwe5 ! fact "h /at$ by ,m4 ,morel1 & ! report ( ,m4 ,g>ella1 by m5tion+ t ! latt] sugge/s ! propriety ( c>ry+ ! ,canal ov] a hill #abj y>ds high1 & ?us %ort5+ its l5g?1 r ?an to adopt ,m4 ,morel's l9e ( survey along ! flat & l[ l&s1 :i* is ! longe/ ( ! two4 ,,! ,,end4 ,w4 ,,lewis ,,& ,,son1 ,,pr9t]s1 #ba1 ,,f9*-,,lane1 ,,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,! transcrib] made ^! *anges to ! text to correct obvi\s errors3 #a4 p4 #ba1 propably -- probably #b4 p4 #bi1 impung$ -- impugn$