,note3 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are    
available ?r\gh       ,int]net          
,ar*ive_/,canadian ,libr>ies4 ,see      
http3_/_/www4ar*ive4org_/details_/*ild&c
urricul#jj;deweu(t      ,,! ,,*ild ,,&  
,,! ,,curriculum  by  ,,john ,,dewey    
,illu/ration3 ,publi%]'s ,device  ,!    
,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,press ,*icago     
,london  ,! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,press1
 ,*icago  ,london  ,! ,univ]sity (      
,toronto ,press1 ,toronto #e1 ,canada   
,copyright #aijb by ,! ,univ]sity (     
,*icago4 ,all rights res]v$4 ,publi%$   
#aijb4 ,tw5ty-eigh? ,impression #aiff   
,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica      
,! ,*ild & ! ,curriculum   ,pr(\nd      
diff]5ces 9 !ory are nev] gratuit\s or  
inv5t$4 ,!y gr[ out ( conflict+ elem5ts 
9 a g5u9e problem--a problem :i* is     
g5u9e j because ! elem5ts1 tak5 z !y /&1
 are conflict+4 ,any significant problem
 involves conditions t = ! mom5t        
contradict ea* o!r4 ,solution comes only
 by gett+ away f ! mean+ ( t]ms t is    
already fix$ ^u & com+ to see !         

conditions f ano!r po9t ( view1 & h5ce 9
 a fre% light4 ,b ?is recon/ruction     
means travail ( ?\ght4 ,easi] ?an ?9k+ )
 surr5d] ( already =m$ ideas & deta*m5t 
f facts already le>n$ is j to /ick by   
:at is already said1 look+ ab\t = some?+
 ) :i* to buttress x aga9/ attack4  ,?us
 sects arise3 s*ools ( op9ion4 ,ea*     
selects t set ( conditions t appeals to 
x2 & !n erects !m into a complete &     
indep5d5t tru?1 in/ead ( treat+ !m z a  
factor 9 a problem1 ne$+ adju/m5t4  ,!  
fundam5tal factors 9 ! educative process
 are an immature1 undevelop$ be+2 &     
c]ta9 social aims1 mean+s1 values       
inc>nate 9 ! matur$ exp]i5ce ( ! adult4 
,! educative process is ! due int]action
 ( ^! =ces4 ,su* a conception ( ea* 9   
relation to ! o!r z facilitates         
complete/ & free/ int]action is ! ess5ce
 ( educational !ory4  ,b "h comes ! ef=t
 ( ?\ght4 ,x is easi] to see !          
conditions 9 _! sep>at5ess1 to insi/ ^u 
"o at ! exp5se ( ! o!r1 to make         
antagoni/s ( !m1 ?an to discov] a       

reality to :i* ea* belongs4 ,! easy ?+  
is to seize ^u some?+ 9 ! nature ( !    
*ild1 or ^u some?+ 9 ! develop$         
consci\sness ( ! adult1 & insi/ ^u t z !
 key to ! :ole problem4 ,:5 ?is happ5s a
 really s]i\s practical problem--t (    
int]action--is trans=m$ into an unreal1 
& h5ce insoluble1 !oretic problem4      
,in/ead ( see+ ! educative /eadily & z a
 :ole1 we see conflict+ t]ms4 ,we get ! 
case ( ! *ild vs4 ! curriculum2 ( !     
individual nature vs4 social culture4   
,bel[ all o!r divisions 9 p$agogic      
op9ion lies ?is opposition4  ,! *ild    
lives 9 a some:at n>r[ _w ( p]sonal     
contacts4 ,?+s h>dly come )9 8 exp]i5ce 
unless !y t\*1 intimately & obvi\sly1 8 
own well-be+1 or t ( 8 family & fri5ds4 
,8 _w is a _w ( p]sons ) _! p]sonal     
int]e/s1 r ?an a realm ( facts & laws4  
,n tru?1 9 ! s5se ( con=mity to ext]nal 
fact1 b affection & sympa?y1 is its     
keynote4 ,z aga9/ ?is1 ! c\rse ( /udy   
met 9 ! s*ool pres5ts mat]ial /ret*+    
back indef9itely 9 "t1 & ext5d+ outw>d  

indef9itely into space4 ,! *ild is tak5 
out ( 8 famili> physical environm5t1    
h>dly m ?an a squ>e mile or s 9 area1   
into ! wide _w--yes1 & ev5 to ! b\nds ( 
! sol> sy/em4 ,8 little span ( p]sonal  
memory & tradition is ov]laid ) ! long  
c5turies ( ! hi/ory ( all peoples4      
,aga91 ! *ild's life is an integral1 a  
total "o4 ,he passes quickly & readily f
 "o topic to ano!r1 z f "o spot to      
ano!r1 b is n consci\s ( transition or  
break4 ,!re is no consci\s isolation1   
h>dly consci\s di/9ction4 ,! ?+s t      
occupy him are held toge!r by ! unity ( 
! p]sonal & social int]e/s :i* 8 life   
c>ries along4 ,:atev] is upp]mo/ 9 8 m9d
 con/itutes to him1 = ! "t be+1 ! :ole  
univ]se4 ,t univ]se is fluid & flu5t2   
its cont5ts dissolve & re-=m ) amaz+    
rapidity4 ,b1 aft] all1 x is ! *ild's   
own _w4 ,x has ! unity & complet5ess ( 8
 own life4 ,he goes to s*ool1 & v>i\s   
/udies divide & fractionize ! _w = him4 
,geography selects1 x ab/racts &        
analyzes "o set ( facts1 & f "o p>ticul>

 po9t ( view4 ,ari?metic is ano!r       
division1 gramm> ano!r dep>tm5t1 & s on 
indef9itely4  ,aga91 9 s*ool ea* ( ^!   
subjects is classifi$4 ,facts are torn  
away f _! orig9al place 9 exp]i5ce &    
re>rang$ ) ref]5ce to "s g5]al pr9ciple4
 ,classification is n a matt] ( *ild    
exp]i5ce2 ?+s d n come to ! individual  
pigeonhol$4 ,! vital ties ( affection1 !
 connect+ bonds ( activity1 hold toge!r 
! v>iety ( 8 p]sonal exp]i5ces4 ,! adult
 m9d is s famili> ) ! notion ( logically
 ord]$ facts t x does n recognize--x _c 
realize--! am\nt ( sep>at+ & re=mulat+  
:i* ! facts ( direct exp]i5ce h to      
und]go be=e !y c appe> z a /udy1 or     
bran* ( le>n+4 ,a pr9ciple1 = !         
intellect1 has _h to be di/+ui%$ &      
def9$2 facts h _h to be int]pret$ 9     
relation to ?is pr9ciple1 n z !y are 9  
!mselves4 ,!y h _h to be rega!r$ ab\t a 
new c5t] :i* is :olly ab/ract & ideal4  
,all ?is means a developm5t ( a special 
intellectual int]e/4 ,x means ability to
 view facts imp>tially & objectively2 t 

is1 )\t ref]5ce to _! place & mean+ 9   
"o's own exp]i5ce4 ,x means capacity to 
analyze & to syn!size4 ,x means highly  
matur$ intellectual habits & ! comm& ( a
 def9ite te*nique & app>atus ( sci5tific
 inquiry4 ,! /udies z classifi$ are !   
product1 9 a ^w1 ( ! sci5ce ( ! ages1 n 
( ! exp]i5ce ( ! *ild4  ,^! app>5t      
deviations & diff]5ces betwe5 *ild &    
curriculum might be almo/ indef9itely   
wid5$4 ,b we h "h suffici5tly fundam5tal
 div]g5ces3 fir/1 ! n>r[ b p]sonal _w ( 
! *ild aga9/ ! imp]sonal b inf9itely    
ext5d$ _w ( space & "t2 second1 ! unity1
 ! s+le :olehe>t$ness ( ! *ild's life1 &
 ! specializations & divisions ( !      
curriculum2 ?ird1 an ab/ract pr9ciple ( 
logical classification & arrangem5t1 & !
 practical & emotional bonds ( *ild     
life4  ,f ^! elem5ts ( conflict gr[ up  
diff]5t educational sects4 ,"o s*ool    
fixes its att5tion ^u ! importance ( !  
subject-matt] ( ! curriculum z comp>$ ) 
! cont5ts ( ! *ild's own exp]i5ce4 ,x is
 z if !y said3 ,is life petty1 n>r[1 &  

crude8 ,!n /udies reveal ! great1 wide  
univ]se ) all its fulness & complexity (
 mean+4 ,is ! life ( ! *ild egoi/ic1    
self-c5t]$1 impulsive8 ,!n 9 ^! /udies  
is f\nd an objective univ]se ( tru?1    
law1 & ord]4 ,is 8 exp]i5ce confus$1    
vague1 unc]ta91 at ! m]cy ( ! mom5t's   
caprice & circum/ance8 ,!n /udies       
introduce a _w arrang$ on ! basis (     
et]nal & g5]al tru?2 a _w :]e all is    
measur$ & def9$4 ,h5ce ! moral3 ignore &
 m9imize ! *ild's individual            
peculi>ities1 :ims1 & exp]i5ces4 ,!y are
 :at we ne$ to get away f4 ,!y are to be
 obscur$ or elim9at$4 ,z educators our  
"w is precisely to sub/itute = ^!       
sup]ficial & casual affairs /able &     
well-ord]$ realities2 & ^! are f\nd 9   
/udies & lessons4  ,subdivide ea* topic 
into /udies2 ea* /udy into lessons2 ea* 
lesson into specific facts & =mulae4    
,let ! *ild proce$ /ep by /ep to ma/]   
ea* "o ( ^! sep>ate p>ts1 & at la/ he w 
h cov]$ ! entire gr\nd4 ,! road :i*     
looks s long :5 view$ 9 its entirety is 

easily travel$1 consid]$ z a s]ies (    
p>ticul> /eps4 ,?us emphasis is put ^u !
 logical subdivisions & consecutions ( !
 subject-matt]4 ,problems ( in/ruction  
are problems ( procur+ texts giv+       
logical p>ts & sequ5ces1 & ( pres5t+ ^! 
portions 9 class 9 a simil> def9ite &   
grad$ way4 ,subject-matt] furni%es !    
end1 & x det]m9es me?od4 ,! *ild is     
simply ! immature be+ :o is to be       
matur$2 he is ! sup]ficial be+ :o is to 
be deep5$2 8 is n>r[ exp]i5ce :i* is to 
be wid5$4 ,x is 8 to receive1 to accept4
 ,8 "p is fulfill$ :5 he is ductile &   
docile4  ,n s1 says ! o!r sect4 ,! *ild 
is ! />t+-po9t1 ! c5t]1 & ! end4 ,8     
developm5t1 8 gr[?1 is ! ideal4 ,x alone
 furni%es ! /&>d4 ,to ! gr[? ( ! *ild   
all /udies are subs]vi5t2 !y are        
in/rum5ts valu$ z !y s]ve ! ne$s ( gr[?4
 ,p]sonality1 "*1 is m ?an              
subject-matt]4 ,n k or in=mation1 b     
self-realization1 is ! goal4 ,to possess
 all ! _w ( k & lose "o's own self is z 
awful a fate 9 education z 9 religion4  

,moreov]1 subject-matt] nev] c be got   
into ! *ild f )\t4 ,le>n+ is active4 ,x 
involves rea*+ out ( ! m9d4 ,x involves 
organic assimilation />t+ f )94         
,lit]ally1 we mu/ take our /& ) ! *ild &
 our dep>ture f him4 ,x is he & n !     
subject-matt] :i* det]m9es bo? quality &
 quantity ( le>n+4  ,! only significant 
me?od is ! me?od ( ! m9d z x rea*es out 
& assimilates4 ,subject-matt] is b      
spiritual food1 possible nutritive      
mat]ial4 ,x _c dige/ itself2 x _c ( its 
own accord turn into bone & muscle &    
blood4 ,! s\rce ( :atev] is dead1       
me*anical1 & =mal 9 s*ools is f\nd      
precisely 9 ! subord9ation ( ! life &   
exp]i5ce ( ! *ild to ! curriculum4 ,x is
 because ( ?is t /udy has become a      
synonym = :at is irksome1 & a lesson    
id5tical ) a task4  ,?is fundam5tal     
opposition ( *ild & curriculum set up by
 ^! two modes ( doctr9e c be duplicat$ 9
 a s]ies ( o!r t]ms4 ,discipl9e is !    
wat*word ( ^? :o magnify ! c\rse ( /udy2
 int]e/ t ( ^? :o blazon ,! ,*ild ^u _! 

bann]4 ,! /&po9t ( ! =m] is logical2 t (
 ! latt] psy*ological4 ,! fir/          
emphasizes ! necessity ( adequate tra9+ 
& s*ol>%ip on ! "p ( ! tea*]2 ! latt] t 
( ne$ ( sympa?y ) ! *ild1 & k ( 8       
natural in/9cts4 ,guidance & control are
 ! cat*words ( "o s*ool2 fre$om &       
initiative ( ! o!r4 ,law is ass]t$ "h2  
spontaneity proclaim$ !re4 ,! old1 !    
cons]vation ( :at has be5 a*iev$ 9 ! pa9
 & toil ( ! ages1 is de> to ! "o2 ! new1
 *ange1 progress1 w9s ! affection ( !   
o!r4 ,in]tness & r\t9e1 *aos & an>*ism1 
are accusations b&i$ back & =?4 ,neglect
 ( ! sacr$ au?ority ( duty is *>g$ by "o
 side1 only to be met by c\nt]-*>ges (  
suppression ( individuality ?r\gh       
tyrannical despotism4  ,su* oppositions 
are r>ely c>ri$ to _! logical           
conclusion4 ,common-s5se recoils at !   
extreme "* ( ^! results4 ,!y are left to
 !ori/s1 :ile common-s5se vibrates back 
& =w>d 9 a maze ( inconsi/5t compromise4
 ,! ne$ ( gett+ !ory & practical        
common-s5se into clos] connection       

sugge/s a return to our orig9al !sis3 t 
we h "h conditions :i* are necess>ily   
relat$ to ea* o!r 9 ! educative process1
 s9ce ?is is precisely "o ( int]action &
 adju/m5t4  ,:at1 !n1 is ! problem8 ,x  
is j to get rid ( ! prejudicial notion t
 !re is "s gap 9 k9d 7z di/9ct f degree7
 betwe5 ! *ild's exp]i5ce & ! v>i\s =ms 
( subject-matt] t make up ! c\rse (     
/udy4 ,f ! side ( ! *ild1 x is a "q (   
see+ h[ 8 exp]i5ce already conta9s )9   
itself elem5ts--facts & tru?s--( j !    
same sort z ^? ent]+ into ! =mulat$     
/udy2 &1 :at is ( m importance1 ( h[ x  
conta9s )9 itself ! attitudes1 !        
motives1 & ! int]e/s :i* h op]at$ 9     
develop+ & organiz+ ! subject-matt] to !
 plane :i* x n[ occupies4 ,f ! side ( ! 
/udies1 x is a "q ( int]pret+ !m z      
outgr[?s ( =ces op]at+ 9 ! *ild's life1 
& ( discov]+ ! /eps t int]v5e betwe5 !  
*ild's pres5t exp]i5ce & _! ri*]        
maturity4  ,ab&on ! notion (            
subject-matt] z some?+ fix$ & ready-made
 9 itself1 outside ! *ild's exp]i5ce2   

cease ?9k+ ( ! *ild's exp]i5ce z also   
some?+ h>d & fa/2 see x z some?+ flu5t1 
embryonic1 vital2 & we realize t ! *ild 
& ! curriculum are simply two limits :i*
 def9e a s+le process4 ,j z two po9ts   
def9e a /raight l9e1 s ! pres5t /&po9t (
 ! *ild & ! facts & tru?s ( /udies def9e
 in/ruction4 ,x is cont9u\s             
recon/ruction1 mov+ f ! *ild's pres5t   
exp]i5ce out into t repres5t$ by !      
organiz$ bodies ( tru? t we call /udies4
  ,on ! face ( x1 ! v>i\s /udies1       
ari?metic1 geography1 language1 botany1 
etc41 are !mselves exp]i5ce--!y are t ( 
! race4 ,!y embody ! cumulative outcome 
( ! ef=ts1 ! /riv+s1 & ! successes ( !  
human race g5]ation aft] g5]ation4 ,!y  
pres5t ?is1 n z a m]e accumulation1 n z 
a miscellane\s heap ( sep>ate bits (    
exp]i5ce1 b 9 "s organiz$ & sy/ematiz$  
way--t is1 z reflectively =mulat$4      
,h5ce1 ! facts & tru?s t ent] into !    
*ild's pres5t exp]i5ce1 & ^? conta9$ 9 !
 subject-matt] ( /udies1 are ! initial &
 f9al t]ms ( "o reality4 ,to oppose "o  

to ! o!r is to oppose ! infancy &       
maturity ( ! same gr[+ life2 x is to set
 ! mov+ t5d5cy & ! f9al result ( ! same 
process ov] aga9/ ea* o!r2 x is to hold 
t ! nature & ! de/9y ( ! *ild w> ) ea*  
o!r4  ,if su* be ! case1 ! problem ( !  
relation ( ! *ild & ! curriculum pres5ts
 itself 9 ?is guise3 ,( :at use1        
educationally speak+1 is x to be able to
 see ! end 9 ! beg9n+8 ,h[ does x assi/ 
u 9 deal+ ) ! e>ly /ages ( gr[? to be   
able to anticipate its lat] phases8 ,!  
/udies1 z we h agre$1 repres5t !        
possibilities ( developm5t inh]5t 9 !   
*ild's imm$iate crude exp]i5ce4 ,b1 aft]
 all1 !y are n p>ts ( t pres5t &        
imm$iate life4 ,:y1 !n1 or h[1 make     
acc\nt ( !m8  ,ask+ su* a "q sugge/s its
 own answ]4 ,to see ! outcome is to "k 9
 :at direction ! pres5t exp]i5ce is     
mov+1 provid$ x move normally & s\ndly4 
,! f>-away po9t1 :i* is ( no            
significance to u simply z f> away1     
becomes ( huge importance ! mom5t we    
take x z def9+ a pres5t direction (     

movem5t4 ,tak5 9 ?is way x is no remote 
& di/ant result to be a*iev$1 b a guid+ 
me?od 9 deal+ ) ! pres5t4 ,! sy/ematiz$ 
& def9$ exp]i5ce ( ! adult m9d1 9 o!r   
words1 is ( value to u 9 int]pret+ !    
*ild's life z x imm$iately %[s itself1 &
 9 pass+ on to guidance or direction4   
,let u look = a mom5t at ^! two ideas3  
int]pretation & guidance4 ,! *ild's     
pres5t exp]i5ce is 9 no way             
self-explanatory4 ,x is n f9al1 b       
transitional4 ,x is no?+ complete 9     
itself1 b j a sign or index ( c]ta9     
gr[?-t5d5cies4 ,z long z we conf9e our  
gaze to :at ! *ild "h & n[ puts =?1 we  
are confus$ & misl$4 ,we _c read its    
mean+4 ,extreme depreciations ( ! *ild  
morally & intellectually1 & s5tim5tal   
idealizations ( him1 h _! root 9 a      
common fallacy4 ,bo? spr+ f tak+ /ages (
 a gr[? or movem5t z some?+ cut (f &    
fix$4 ,! fir/ fails to see ! promise    
conta9$ 9 feel+s & de$s :i*1 tak5 by    
!mselves1 are uncompromis+ & repell5t2 !
 second fails to see t ev5 ! mo/ pleas+ 

& beautiful exhibitions are b signs1 & t
 !y beg9 to spoil & rot ! mom5t !y are  
treat$ z a*ievem5ts4  ,:at we ne$ is    
some?+ :i* w enable u to int]pret1 to   
appraise1 ! elem5ts 9 ! *ild's pres5t   
putt+s =? & fall+s away1 8 exhibitions (
 p[] & weakness1 9 ! light ( "s l>g]    
gr[?-process 9 :i* !y h _! place4 ,only 
9 ?is way c we discrim9ate4 ,if we      
isolate ! *ild's pres5t incl9ations1    
purposes1 & exp]i5ces f ! place !y      
occupy & ! "p !y h to p]=m 9 a develop+ 
exp]i5ce1 all /& ^u ! same level2 all   
alike are equally good & equally bad4 ,b
 9 ! movem5t ( life diff]5t elem5ts /&  
^u diff]5t planes ( value4 ,"s ( !      
*ild's de$s are symptoms ( a wan+       
t5d5cy2 !y are survivals 9 function+ (  
an organ :i* has done its "p & is pass+ 
out ( vital use4 ,to give positive      
att5tion to su* qualities is to arre/   
developm5t ^u a l[] level4 ,x is        
sy/ematically to ma9ta9 a rudim5t>y     
phase ( gr[?4 ,o!r activities are signs 
( a culm9at+ p[] & int]e/2 to !m applies

 ! maxim ( /rik+ :ile ! iron is hot4 ,z 
reg>ds !m1 x is p]haps a matt] ( n[ or  
nev]4 ,select$1 utiliz$1 emphasiz$1 !y  
may m>k a turn+-po9t = good 9 ! *ild's  
:ole c>e]2 neglect$1 an opportunity     
goes1 nev] to be recall$4 ,o!r acts &   
feel+s are prophetic2 !y repres5t !     
dawn+ ( flick]+ light t w %9e /eadily   
only 9 ! f> future4 ,z reg>ds !m !re is 
little at pres5t to d b give !m fair &  
full *ance1 wait+ = ! future = def9ite  
direction4  ,j z1 ^u ! :ole1 x 0 !      
weakness ( ! old education t x made     
invidi\s comp>isons betwe5 ! immaturity 
( ! *ild & ! maturity ( ! adult1 reg>d+ 
! =m] z some?+ to be got away f z soon z
 possible & z mu* z possible2 s x is !  
dang] ( ! new education t x reg>d !     
*ild's pres5t p[]s & int]e/s z some?+   
f9ally significant 9 !mselves4 ,9 tru?1 
8 le>n+s & a*ievem5ts are fluid & mov+4 
,!y *ange f day to day & f h\r to h\r4  
,x w d h>m if *ild-/udy leave 9 ! popul>
 m9d ! impression t a *ild ( a giv5 age 
has a positive equipm5t ( purposes &    

int]e/s to be cultivat$ j z !y /&4      
,int]e/s 9 reality are b attitudes t[>d 
possible exp]i5ces2 !y are n a*ievem5ts2
 _! wor? is 9 ! lev]age !y af=d1 n 9 !  
accompli%m5t !y repres5t4 ,to take !    
ph5om5a pres5t$ at a giv5 age z 9 any   
way self-explanatory or self-conta9$ is 
inevitably to result 9 indulg5ce &      
spoil+4 ,any p[]1 :e!r ( *ild or adult1 
is indulg$ :5 x is tak5 on its giv5 &   
pres5t level 9 consci\sness4 ,its g5u9e 
mean+ is 9 ! propulsion x af=ds t[>d a  
high] level4 ,x is j some?+ to d )4     
,appeal+ to ! int]e/ ^u ! pres5t plane  
means excitation2 x means play+ ) a p[] 
s z cont9ually to /ir x up )\t direct+ x
 t[>d def9ite a*ievem5t4 ,cont9u\s      
initiation1 cont9u\s />t+ ( activities t
 d n arrive1 is1 = all practical        
purposes1 z bad z ! cont9ual repression 
( initiative 9 con=mity ) suppos$       
int]e/s ( "s m p]fect ?\ght or w4 ,x is 
z if ! *ild 7 =ev] ta/+ & nev] eat+2    
always hav+ 8 palate tickl$ ^u !        
emotional side1 b nev] gett+ ! organic  

satisfaction t comes only ) dige/ion (  
food & trans=mation ( x into work+ p[]4 
,z aga9/ su* a view1 ! subject-matt] (  
sci5ce & hi/ory & art s]ves to reveal ! 
real *ild to u4 ,we d n "k ! mean+ ei!r 
( 8 t5d5cies or ( 8 p]=mances except+ z 
we take !m z g]m9at+ se$1 or op5+ bud1 (
 "s fruit to be borne4 ,! :ole _w (     
visual nature is all too small an answ] 
to ! problem ( ! mean+ ( ! *ild's in/9ct
 = light & =m4 ,! entire sci5ce (       
physics is none too mu* to int]pret     
adequately to u :at is involv$ 9 "s     
simple dem& ( ! *ild = explanation ( "s 
casual *ange t has attract$ 8 att5tion4 
,! art ( ,raphael or ( ,corot is none   
too mu* to enable u to value ! impulses 
/irr+ 9 ! *ild :5 he draws & daubs4  ,s 
mu* = ! use ( ! subject-matt] 9         
int]pretation4 ,its fur!r employm5t 9   
direction or guidance is b an expansion 
( ! same ?\ght4 ,to int]pret ! fact is  
to see x 9 its vital movem5t1 to see x 9
 its relation to gr[?4 ,b to view x z a 
"p ( a normal gr[? is to secure ! basis 

= guid+ x4 ,guidance is n ext]nal       
imposition4 ,x is free+ ! life-process =
 its own mo/ adequate fulfilm5t4 ,:at 0 
said ab\t disreg>d ( ! *ild's pres5t    
exp]i5ce because ( its remot5ess f      
mature exp]i5ce2 & ( ! s5tim5tal        
idealization ( ! *ild's nave caprices & 
p]=mances1 may be repeat$ "h ) slightly 
alt]$ phrase4 ,!re are ^? :o see no     
alt]native betwe5 =c+ ! *ild f )\t1 or  
leav+ him entirely alone4 ,see+ no      
alt]native1 "s *oose "o mode1 "s ano!r4 
,bo? fall into ! same fundam5tal error4 
,bo? fail to see t developm5t is a      
def9ite process1 hav+ its own law :i* c 
be fulfill$ only :5 adequate & normal   
conditions are provid$4 ,really to      
int]pret ! *ild's pres5t crude impulses 
9 c\nt+1 measur+1 & arrang+ ?+s 9       
rhy?mic s]ies involves ma!matical       
s*ol>%ip--a k ( ! ma!matical =mulae &   
relations :i* h1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! race1   
gr[n out ( j su* crude beg9n+s4 ,to see 
! :ole hi/ory ( developm5t :i* int]v5es 
betwe5 ^! two t]ms is simply to see :at 

/ep ! *ild ne$s to take j "h & n[2 to   
:at use he ne$s to put 8 bl9d impulse 9 
ord] t x may get cl>ity & ga9 =ce4  ,if1
 once m1 ! old education t5d$ to ignore 
! dynamic quality1 ! develop+ =ce inh]5t
 9 ! *ild's pres5t exp]i5ce1 & !re=e to 
assume t direction & control 7 j matt]s 
( arbitr>ily putt+ ! *ild 9 a giv5 pa? &
 compell+ him to walk !re1 ! new        
education is 9 dang] ( tak+ ! idea (    
developm5t 9 altoge!r too =mal & empty a
 way4 ,! *ild is expect$ to develop ?is 
or t fact or tru? out ( 8 own m9d4 ,he  
is told to ?9k ?+s out1 or "w ?+s out = 
himself1 )\t be+ suppli$ any ( !        
environ+ conditions :i* are requisite to
 />t & guide ?\ght4 ,no?+ c be develop$ 
f no?+2 no?+ b ! crude c be develop$ out
 ( ! crude--& ?is is :at surely happ5s  
:5 we ?r[ ! *ild back ^u 8 a*iev$ self z
 a f9ality1 & invite him to sp9 new     
tru?s ( nature or ( conduct out ( t4 ,x 
is c]ta9ly z futile to expect a *ild to 
evolve a univ]se out ( 8 own m]e m9d z x
 is = a philosoph] to attempt t task4   

,developm5t does n mean j gett+ some?+  
out ( ! m9d4 ,x is a developm5t (       
exp]i5ce & into exp]i5ce t is really    
want$4 ,& ?is is impossible save z j t  
educative m$ium is provid$ :i* w enable 
! p[]s & int]e/s t h be5 select$ z      
valuable to function4 ,!y mu/ op]ate1 & 
h[ !y op]ate w dep5d almo/ entirely ^u !
 /imuli :i* surr\nd !m & ! mat]ial ^u   
:i* !y ex]cise !mselves4 ,! problem (   
direction is ?us ! problem ( select+    
appropriate /imuli = in/9cts & impulses 
:i* x is desir$ to employ 9 ! ga9+ ( new
 exp]i5ce4 ,:at new exp]i5ces are       
desirable1 & ?us :at /imuli are ne$$1 x 
is impossible to tell except z !re is "s
 compreh5sion ( ! developm5t :i* is aim$
 at2 except1 9 a ^w1 z ! adult k is     
drawn ^u z reveal+ ! possible c>e] op5  
to ! *ild4  ,x may be ( use to di/+ui% &
 to relate to ea* o!r ! logical & !     
psy*ological aspects ( exp]i5ce--! =m]  
/&+ = subject-matt] 9 itself1 ! latt] = 
x 9 relation to ! *ild4 ,a psy*ological 
/atem5t ( exp]i5ce foll[s its actual    

gr[?2 x is hi/oric2 x notes /eps        
actually tak51 ! unc]ta9 & tortu\s1 z   
well z ! effici5t & successful4 ,!      
logical po9t ( view1 on ! o!r h&1       
assumes t ! developm5t has rea*$ a c]ta9
 positive /age ( fulfilm5t4 ,x neglects 
! process & consid]s ! outcome4 ,x      
summ>izes & arranges1 & ?us sep>ates !  
a*iev$ results f ! actual /eps by :i* !y
 7 =?com+ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,we may     
comp>e ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! logical & !  
psy*ological to ! diff]5ce betwe5 !     
notes :i* an explor] makes 9 a new      
c\ntry1 blaz+ a trail & f9d+ 8 way along
 z be/ he may1 & ! f9i%$ map t is       
con/ruct$ aft] ! c\ntry has be5 ?or\ghly
 explor$4 ,! two are mutually dep5d5t4  
,)\t ! m or less accid5tal & devi\s pa?s
 trac$ by ! explor] !re w\ld be no facts
 :i* c\ld be utiliz$ 9 ! mak+ ( !       
complete & relat$ *>t4 ,b no "o w\ld get
 ! b5efit ( ! explor]'s trip if x 0 n   
comp>$ & *eck$ up ) simil> w&]+s        
und]tak5 by o!rs2 unless ! new          
geographical facts le>n$1 ! /reams      

cross$1 ! m\nta9s climb$1 etc41 7 view$1
 n z m]e incid5ts 9 ! j\rney ( !        
p>ticul> travel]1 b 7q ap>t f !         
individual explor]'s life7 9 relation to
 o!r simil> facts already kn[n4 ,! map  
ord]s individual exp]i5ces1 connect+ !m 
) "o ano!r irrespective ( ! local &     
temporal circum/ances & accid5ts ( _!   
orig9al discov]y4  ,( :at use is ?is    
=mulat$ /atem5t ( exp]i5ce8 ,( :at use  
is ! map8  ,well1 we may fir/ tell :at !
 map is n4 ,! map is n a sub/itute = a  
p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,! map does n take !  
place ( an actual j\rney4 ,! logically  
=mulat$ mat]ial ( a sci5ce or bran* (   
le>n+1 ( a /udy1 is no sub/itute = !    
hav+ ( individual exp]i5ces4 ,!         
ma!matical =mula = a fall+ body does n  
take ! place ( p]sonal contact &        
imm$iate individual exp]i5ce ) ! fall+  
?+4 ,b ! map1 a summ>y1 an arrang$ &    
ord]ly view ( previ\s exp]i5ces1 s]ves z
 a guide to future exp]i5ce2 x gives    
direction2 x facilitates control2 x     
economizes ef=t1 prev5t+ useless w&]+1 &

 po9t+ out ! pa?s :i* lead mo/ quickly &
 mo/ c]ta9ly to a desir$ result4 ,?r\gh 
! map e new travel] may get = 8 own     
j\rney ! b5efits ( ! results ( o!rs'    
explorations )\t ! wa/e ( en]gy & loss (
 "t involv$ 9 _! w&]+s--w&]+s :i* he    
himself w\ld be oblig$ to repeat 7 x n =
 j ! assi/ance ( ! objective & g5]aliz$ 
record ( _! p]=mances4 ,t :i* we call a 
sci5ce or /udy puts ! net product ( pa/ 
exp]i5ce 9 ! =m :i* makes x mo/         
available = ! future4 ,x repres5ts a    
capitalization :i* may at once be turn$ 
to int]e/4 ,x economizes ! work+s ( !   
m9d 9 e way4 ,memory is less tax$       
because ! facts are gr\p$ toge!r ab\t "s
 common pr9ciple1 in/ead ( be+ connect$ 
solely ) ! v>y+ incid5ts ( _! orig9al   
discov]y4 ,obs]vation is assi/$2 we "k  
:at to look = & :]e to look4 ,x is !    
diff]5ce betwe5 look+ = a ne$le 9 a     
hay/ack1 & se>*+ = a giv5 pap] 9 a      
well-arrang$ cab9et4 ,reason+ is        
direct$1 because !re is a c]ta9 g5]al   
pa? or l9e laid out along :i* ideas     

naturally m>*1 in/ead ( mov+ f "o *ance 
association to ano!r4  ,!re is1 !n1 no?+
 f9al ab\t a logical r5d]+ ( exp]i5ce4  
,its value is n conta9$ 9 itself2 its   
significance is t ( /&po9t1 outlook1    
me?od4 ,x int]v5es betwe5 ! m casual1   
t5tative1 & r\ndab\t exp]i5ces ( ! pa/1 
& m controll$ & ord]ly exp]i5ces ( !    
future4 ,x gives pa/ exp]i5ce 9 t net =m
 :i* r5d]s x mo/ available & mo/        
significant1 mo/ fecund = future        
exp]i5ce4 ,! ab/ractions1 g5]alizations1
 & classifications :i* x introduces all 
h prospective mean+4  ,! =mulat$ result 
is !n n to be oppos$ to ! process (     
gr[?4 ,! logical is n set ov] aga9/ !   
psy*ological4 ,! survey$ & arrang$      
result occupies a critical position 9 ! 
process ( gr[?4 ,x m>ks a turn+-po9t4 ,x
 %[s h[ we may get ! b5efit ( pa/ ef=t 9
 controll+ future endeavor4 ,9 ! l>ge/  
s5se ! logical /&po9t is itself         
psy*ological2 x has its mean+ z a po9t 9
 ! developm5t ( exp]i5ce1 & its         
ju/ification is 9 its function+ 9 !     

future gr[? :i* x insures4  ,h5ce ! ne$ 
( re9/at+ into exp]i5ce ! subject-matt] 
( ! /udies1 or bran*es ( le>n+4 ,x mu/  
be re/or$ to ! exp]i5ce f :i* x has be5 
ab/ract$4 ,x ne$s to be psy*ologiz$2    
turn$ ov]1 translat$ into ! imm$iate &  
individual exp]i5c+ )9 :i* x has its    
orig9 & significance4  ,e /udy or       
subject ?us has two aspects3 "o = !     
sci5ti/ z a sci5ti/2 ! o!r = ! tea*] z a
 tea*]4 ,^! two aspects are 9 no s5se   
oppos$ or conflict+4 ,b nei!r are !y    
imm$iately id5tical4 ,= ! sci5ti/1 !    
subject-matt] repres5ts simply a giv5   
body ( tru? to be employ$ 9 locat+ new  
problems1 in/itut+ new rese>*es1 & c>ry+
 !m ?r\gh to a v]ifi$ outcome4 ,to him !
 subject-matt] ( ! sci5ce is            
self-conta9$4 ,he ref]s v>i\s portions (
 x to ea* o!r2 he connects new facts )  
x4 ,he is n1 z a sci5ti/1 call$ ^u to   
travel outside its p>ticul> b\nds2 if he
 does1 x is only to get m facts ( ! same
 g5]al sort4 ,! problem ( ! tea*] is a  
diff]5t "o4 ,z a tea*] he is n conc]n$ )

 add+ new facts to ! sci5ce he tea*es2 9
 prop\nd+ new hypo!ses or 9 v]ify+ !m4  
,he is conc]n$ ) ! subject-matt] ( !    
sci5ce z repres5t+ a giv5 /age & phase (
 ! developm5t ( exp]i5ce4 ,8 problem is 
t ( induc+ a vital & p]sonal exp]i5c+4  
,h5ce1 :at conc]ns him1 z tea*]1 is !   
ways 9 :i* t subject may become a "p (  
exp]i5ce2 :at !re is 9 ! *ild's pres5t t
 is usable ) ref]5ce to x2 h[ su*       
elem5ts are to be us$2 h[ 8 own k ( !   
subject-matt] may assi/ 9 int]pret+ !   
*ild's ne$s & do+s1 & det]m9e ! m$ium 9 
:i* ! *ild %\ld be plac$ 9 ord] t 8 gr[?
 may be prop]ly direct$4 ,he is conc]n$1
 n ) ! subject-matt] z su*1 b ) !       
subject-matt] z a relat$ factor 9 a     
total & gr[+ exp]i5ce4 ,?us to see x is 
to psy*ologize x4  ,x is ! failure to   
keep 9 m9d ! d\ble aspect (             
subject-matt] :i* causes ! curriculum & 
*ild to be set ov] aga9/ ea* o!r z      
describ$ 9 our e>ly pages4 ,!           
subject-matt]1 j z x is = ! sci5ti/1 has
 no direct relation%ip to ! *ild's      

pres5t exp]i5ce4 ,x /&s outside ( x4 ,! 
dang] "h is n a m]ely !oretical "o4 ,we 
are practically ?reat5$ on all sides4   
,textbook & tea*] vie ) ea* o!r 9       
pres5t+ to ! *ild ! subject-matt] z x   
/&s to ! speciali/4 ,su* modification & 
revision z x und]goes are a m]e         
elim9ation ( c]ta9 sci5tific            
difficulties1 & ! g5]al r$uction to a   
l[] intellectual level4 ,! mat]ial is n 
translat$ into life-t]ms1 b is directly 
(f]$ z a sub/itute =1 or an ext]nal     
annex to1 ! *ild's pres5t life4  ,?ree  
typical evils result3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !
 lack ( any organic connection ) :at !  
*ild has already se5 & felt & lov$ makes
 ! mat]ial purely =mal & symbolic4 ,!re 
is a s5se 9 :i* x is impossible to value
 too highly ! =mal & ! symbolic4 ,!     
g5u9e =m1 ! real symbol1 s]ve z me?ods 9
 ! hold+ & discov]y ( tru?4 ,!y are     
tools by :i* ! individual pu%es out mo/ 
surely & widely into unexplor$ areas4   
,!y are means by :i* he br+s to be>     
:atev] ( reality he has succe$$ 9 ga9+ 9

 pa/ se>*+s4 ,b ?is happ5s only :5 !    
symbol really symbolizes--:5 x /&s = &  
sums up 9 %or?& actual exp]i5ces :i* !  
individual has already gone ?r\gh4 ,a   
symbol :i* is induc$ f )\t1 :i* has n   
be5 l$ up to 9 prelim9>y activities1 is1
 z we say1 a b>e or m]e symbol2 x is    
dead & b>r54 ,n[1 any fact1 :e!r (      
ari?metic1 or geography1 or gramm>1 :i* 
is n l$ up to & into out ( some?+ :i*   
has previ\sly occupi$ a significant     
position 9 ! *ild's life = its own sake1
 is =c$ into ?is position4 ,x is n a    
reality1 b j ! sign ( a reality :i*     
might be exp]i5c$ if c]ta9 conditions 7 
fulfill$4 ,b ! abrupt pres5tation ( !   
fact z some?+ kn[n by o!rs1 & requir+   
only to be /udi$ & le>n$ by ! *ild1     
rules out su* conditions ( fulfilm5t4 ,x
 condemns ! fact to be a hi]oglyph3 x   
w\ld mean some?+ if "o only _h ! key4 ,!
 clue be+ lack+1 x rema9s an idle       
curiosity1 to fret & ob/ruct ! m9d1 a   
dead weight to burd5 x4  ,! second evil 
9 ?is ext]nal pres5tation is lack (     

motivation4 ,!re are n only no facts or 
tru?s :i* h be5 previ\sly felt z su* )  
:i* to appropriate & assimilate ! new1 b
 !re is no crav+1 no ne$1 no dem&4 ,:5 !
 subject-matt] has be5 psy*ologiz$1 t   
is1 view$ z an out-gr[? ( pres5t        
t5d5cies & activities1 x is easy to     
locate 9 ! pres5t "s ob/acle1           
intellectual1 practical1 or e?ical1 :i* 
c be h&l$ m adequately if ! tru? 9 "q be
 ma/]$4 ,?is ne$ supplies motive = !    
le>n+4 ,an end :i* is ! *ild's own      
c>ries him on to possess ! means ( its  
accompli%m5t4 ,b :5 mat]ial is directly 
suppli$ 9 ! =m ( a lesson to be le>n$ z 
a lesson1 ! connect+ l9ks ( ne$ & aim   
are conspicu\s = _! abs5ce4 ,:at we mean
 by ! me*anical & dead 9 in/ruction is a
 result ( ?is lack ( motivation4 ,!     
organic & vital mean int]action--!y mean
 play ( m5tal dem& & mat]ial supply4  ,!
 ?ird evil is t ev5 ! mo/ sci5tific     
matt]1 arrang$ 9 mo/ logical fa%ion1    
loses ?is quality1 :5 pres5t$ 9 ext]nal1
 ready-made fa%ion1 by ! "t x gets to ! 

*ild4 ,x has to und]go "s modification 9
 ord] to %ut out "s phases too h>d to   
grasp1 & to r$uce "s ( ! att5dant       
difficulties4 ,:at happ5s8 ,^? ?+s :i*  
are mo/ significant to ! sci5tific man1 
& mo/ valuable 9 ! logic ( actual       
inquiry & classification1 drop out4 ,!  
really ?\ght-provok+ "* is obscur$1 & ! 
organiz+ function disappe>s4 ,or1 z we  
commonly say1 ! *ild's reason+ p[]s1 !  
faculty ( ab/raction & g5]alization1 are
 n adequately develop$4 ,s !            
subject-matt] is evacuat$ ( its logical 
value1 &1 ?\gh x is :at x is only f !   
logical /&po9t1 is pres5t$ z /uff only =
 memory4 ,?is is ! contradiction3 ! *ild
 gets ! advantage nei!r ( ! adult       
logical =mulation1 nor ( 8 own native   
compet5cies ( appreh5sion & response4   
,h5ce ! logic ( ! *ild is hamp]$ &      
mortifi$1 & we are almo/ =tunate if he  
does n get actual non-sci5ce1 flat &    
common-place residua ( :at 0 ga9+       
sci5tific vitality a g5]ation or two    
ago--deg5]ate rem9isc5ce ( :at someone  

else once =mulat$ on ! basis ( !        
exp]i5ce t "s fur!r p]son _h1 once ^u a 
"t1 exp]i5c$4  ,! tra9 ( evils does n   
cease4 ,x is all too common = oppos$    
errone\s !ories to play /raight into ea*
 o!r's h&s4 ,psy*ological consid]ations 
may be slurr$ or %ov$ "o side2 !y _c be 
cr[d$ out4 ,put out ( ! door1 !y come   
back ?r\gh ! w9d[4 ,someh[ & some:]e    
motive mu/ be appeal$ to1 connection mu/
 be e/abli%$ betwe5 ! m9d & its mat]ial4
 ,!re is no "q ( gett+ along )\t ?is    
bond ( connection2 ! only "q is :e!r x  
be su* z gr[s out ( ! mat]ial itself 9  
relation to ! m9d1 or be import$ & hit*$
 on f "s outside s\rce4 ,if !           
subject-matt] ( ! lessons be su* z to h 
an appropriate place )9 ! exp&+         
consci\sness ( ! *ild1 if x gr[s out ( 8
 own pa/ do+s1 ?9k+s1 & suff]+s1 & gr[s 
into application 9 fur!r a*ievem5ts &   
receptivities1 !n no device or trick (  
me?od has to be resort$ to 9 ord] to    
enli/ int]e/4 ,! psy*ologiz$ is (       
int]e/--t is1 x is plac$ 9 ! :ole (     

consci\s life s t x %>es ! wor? ( t     
life4 ,b ! ext]nally pres5t$ mat]ial1   
conceiv$ & g5]at$ 9 /&po9ts & attitudes 
remote f ! *ild1 & develop$ 9 motives   
ali5 to him1 has no su* place ( its own4
 ,h5ce ! rec\rse to adv5titi\s lev]age  
to pu% x 91 to factiti\s drill to drive 
x 91 to artificial bribe to lure x 94   
,?ree aspects ( ?is rec\rse to outside  
ways = giv+ ! subject-matt] "s          
psy*ological mean+ may be wor? m5tion+4 
,famili>ity bre$s contempt1 b x also    
bre$s some?+ l affection4 ,we get us$ to
 ! *a9s we we>1 & we miss !m :5 remov$4 
',tis an old /ory t ?r\gh cu/om we      
f9ally embrace :at at fir/ wore a hide\s
 mi54 ,unpleasant1 because mean+less1   
activities may get agreeable if long    
en\gh p]si/$ 94 ,x is possible = ! m9d  
to develop int]e/ 9 a r\t9e or me*anical
 proc$ure if conditions are cont9ually  
suppli$ :i* dem& t mode ( op]ation &    
preclude any o!r sort4 ,i frequ5tly he> 
dull+ devices & empty ex]cises def5d$ & 
extoll$ because ! *ildr5 take su* an    

'int]e/' 9 !m4 ,yes1 t is ! wor/ ( x2 ! 
m9d1 %ut out f wor?y employ & miss+ !   
ta/e ( adequate p]=mance1 comes d[n to !
 level ( t :i* is left to x to "k & d1 &
 p]=ce takes an int]e/ 9 a cab9$ &      
cramp$ exp]i5ce4 ,to f9d satisfaction 9 
its own ex]cise is ! normal law ( m9d1 &
 if l>ge & mean+ful bus9ess = ! m9d be  
d5i$1 x tries to cont5t itself ) ! =mal 
movem5ts t rema9 to x--& too (t5        
succe$s1 save 9 ^? cases ( m int5se     
activity :i* _c accommodate !mselves1 & 
t make up ! unruly & declass ( our s*ool
 product4 ,an int]e/ 9 ! =mal           
appreh5sion ( symbols & 9 _! memoriz$   
reproduction becomes 9 _m pupils a      
sub/itute = ! orig9al & vital int]e/ 9  
reality2 & all because1 ! subject-matt] 
( ! c\rse ( /udy be+ out ( relation to !
 concrete m9d ( ! individual1 "s        
sub/itute bond to hold x 9 "s k9d (     
work+ relation to ! m9d mu/ be discov]$ 
& elaborat$4  ,! second sub/itute = liv+
 motivation 9 ! subject-matt] is t (    
contra/-effects2 ! mat]ial ( ! lesson is

 r5d]$ int]e/+1 if n 9 itself1 at lea/ 9
 contra/ ) "s alt]native exp]i5ce4 ,to  
le>n ! lesson is m int]e/+ ?an to take a
 scold+1 be held up to g5]al ridicule1  
/ay aft] s*ool1 receive degrad+ly l[    
m>ks1 or fail to be promot$4 ,& v mu* ( 
:at goes by ! "n ( discipl9e1 & prides  
itself ^u oppos+ ! doctr9es ( a s(t     
p$agogy & ^u uphold+ ! bann] ( ef=t &   
duty1 is no?+ m or less ?an j ?is appeal
 to int]e/ 9 its obv]se aspect--to fe>1 
to dislike ( v>i\s k9ds ( physical1     
social1 & p]sonal pa94 ,! subject-matt] 
does n appeal2 x _c appeal2 x lacks     
orig9 & be>+ 9 a gr[+ exp]i5ce4 ,s !    
appeal is to ! ?\s& & "o outside &      
irrelevant ag5cies :i* may s]ve to ?r[1 
by %e] rebuff & reb\nd1 ! m9d back ^u ! 
mat]ial f :i* x is con/antly w&]+4      
,human nature be+ :at x is1 h[ev]1 x    
t5ds to seek its motivation 9 !         
agreeable r ?an 9 ! disagreeable1 9     
direct pleasure r ?an 9 alt]native pa94 
,& s has come up ! mod]n !ory & practice
 ( ! int]e/+1 9 ! false s5se ( t t]m4 ,!

 mat]ial is /ill left2 s f> z its own   
*>act]i/ics are conc]n$1 j mat]ial      
ext]nally select$ & =mulat$4 ,x is /ill 
j s mu* geography & ari?metic & gramm>  
/udy2 n s mu* pot5tiality (             
*ild-exp]i5ce ) reg>d to language1 e>?1 
& numb]$ & measur$ reality4 ,h5ce !     
difficulty ( br++ ! m9d to be> ^u x2    
h5ce its repulsiv5ess2 ! t5d5cy =       
att5tion to w&]2 = o!r acts & images to 
cr[d 9 & expel ! lesson4 ,! legitimate  
way out is to trans=m ! mat]ial2 to     
psy*ologize x--t is1 once m1 to take x &
 to develop x )9 ! range & scope ( !    
*ild's life4 ,b x is easi] & simpl] to  
leave x z x is1 & !n by trick ( me?od to
 ar\se int]e/1 to make x int]e/+2 to    
cov] x ) sug>-coat+2 to conceal its     
b>r5ness by int]m$iate & unrelat$       
mat]ial2 & f9ally1 z x 71 to get ! *ild 
to swall[ & dige/ ! unpalatable morsel  
:ile he is enjoy+ ta/+ some?+ q diff]5t4
 ,b alas = ! analogy6 ,m5tal            
assimilation is a matt] ( consci\sness2 
& if ! att5tion has n be5 play+ ^u !    

actual mat]ial1 t has n be5 appreh5d$1  
nor work$ into faculty4  ,h[1 !n1 /&s ! 
case ( ,*ild vs4 ,curriculum8 ,:at %all 
! v]dict be8 ,! radical fallacy 9 !     
orig9al plead+s ) :i* we set out is !   
supposition t we h no *oice save ei!r to
 leave ! *ild to 8 own unguid$          
spontaneity or to inspire direction ^u  
him f )\t4 ,action is response2 x is    
adaptation1 adju/m5t4 ,!re is no su* ?+ 
z %e] self-activity possible--because   
all activity takes place 9 a m$ium1 9 a 
situation1 & ) ref]5ce to its           
conditions4 ,b1 aga91 no su* ?+ z       
imposition ( tru? f )\t1 z ins]tion (   
tru? f )\t1 is possible4 ,all dep5ds ^u 
! activity :i* ! m9d itself und]goes 9  
respond+ to :at is pres5t$ f )\t4 ,n[1 !
 value ( ! =mulat$ weal? ( k t makes up 
! c\rse ( /udy is t x may enable !      
educator to det]m9e ! environm5t ( !    
*ild1 & ?us by indirection to direct4   
,its prim>y value1 its prim>y           
indication1 is = ! tea*]1 n = ! *ild4 ,x
 says to ! tea*]3 ,su* & su* are !      

capacities1 ! fulfilm5ts1 9 tru? &      
beauty & behavior1 op5 to ^! *ildr54 ,n[
 see to x t day by day ! conditions are 
su* t _! own activities move inevitably 
9 ?is direction1 t[>d su* culm9ation (  
!mselves4 ,let ! *ild's nature fulfil   
its own de/9y1 reveal$ to y 9 :atev] (  
sci5ce & art & indu/ry ! _w n[ holds z  
its own4  ,! case is ( ,*ild4 ,x is 8   
pres5t p[]s :i* are to ass]t !mselves2 8
 pres5t capacities :i* are to be        
ex]cis$2 8 pres5t attitudes :i* are to  
be realiz$4 ,b save z ! tea*] kn[s1 kn[s
 wisely & ?or\ghly1 ! race-expression   
:i* is embodi$ 9 t ?+ we call !         
,curriculum1 ! tea*] kn[s nei!r :at !   
pres5t p[]1 capacity1 or attitude is1   
nor yet h[ x is to be ass]t$1 ex]cis$1 &
 realiz$4            99      99      99 
99      99     ,transcrib]'s note4  ,two
 half-title pages h be5 omitt$4