,transcrib]'s ,note ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,a li/ ( corrections is f\nd at ! end ( ! text4 ,,! ,,"y ,,lady',s ,,eque/rian ,,manual4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,"y ,,lady',s ,,eque/rian ,,manual4 ,e4,,l&ells4,s4 ,,london4 ,,:itehead ,,& ,,comp,y4 #gf1 ,,fleet ,,/reet4 ,,mdcccxxxviii4 ,illu/ration ,,preface4 ,! foll[+ pages conta9 a ,treatise on ! ,art ( ,rid+ on ,horseback1 = ,ladies1 :i* orig9ally appe>$ 9 ! ,publi%]s' well-kn[n ,manual ( elegant fem99e ,recreations1 ,ex]cises1 & ,pursuits1 ,,! ,,"y ,,lady',s ,,book2 )1 h[ev]1 v>i\s additions to ! ,text1 & a numb] ( new ,illu/rations & ,embelli%m5ts4 ,9 (f]+ ! ,treatise1 ?us improv$ & adorn$1 9 a sep>ate =m1 ! ,publi%]s1 x ne$ sc>cely be said1 h be5 influ5c$1 mat]ially1 by t high & mo/ ext5sive patronage1 :i*1 "u ,royal auspices1 has be5 conf]r$ by ! ladies ( ?is c\ntry1 s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ! pres5t reign1 on ! ,art ( :i* x is ! subject4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,,introduction #g ,,eque/rian ,,te*nicalities #bc ,,! ,,lady',s ,,horse #bf ,,p]sonal ,,equipm5ts #ca ,,acc\trem5ts ,,= ,,! ,,horse #cc ,,rules ,,( ,,! ,,road #cd ,,mode ,,( ,,m\nt+ #cf ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,re9s #da ,,! ,,seat ,,& ,,balance #dd ,,aids ,,& ,,def5ces #ea ,,soo?+s ,,& ,,animations #ee ,,corrections #eh ,,vices #fj ,,ex]cises ,,9 ,,! ,,paces #ga ,,! ,,walk #gc ,,! ,,trot #gi ,,! ,,cant] #ha ,,! ,,gallop #hd ,,/opp+ ,,& ,,back+ #he ,,leap+ #hg ,,dism\nt+ #ia ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks #ie ,illu/ration ,,! ,,"y ,,lady',s ,,eque/rian ,,manual4 ,illu/ration ,our ,virg9 ,que51 pe]less ,elizabe?1 ,) grace & dignity rode ?r\gh ! ho/3 ,& pr\dly pac$ t gallant /e$1 z ?\gh ,he knew 8 saddle 0 a royal ?rone4 ,,introduction4 ,rid+ on ,horseback is1 confess$ly1 "o ( ! mo/ graceful1 agreeable1 & salut>y ( fem99e recreations4 ,no attitude1 p]haps1 c be reg>d$ z m elegant ?an t ( a lady 9 ! mod]n side-saddle2 nor c any ex]cise be deem$ capable ( af=d+ m rational & innoc5t delight1 ?an t ( ! female eque/rian4 ,pursu$ 9 ! op5 air1 x af=ds a mo/ rapid1 &1 at ! same "t1 exhil>at+ succession ( sc5ic *anges1 at a degree ( p]sonal ex]tion1 suffici5t to produce imm$iate pleasure1 )\t induc+ ! subsequ5t languor ( fatigue4 ,nor is rid+ on horseback att5d$ ) t dang] to ladies1 attribut$ to x by ! indol5t1 ! melan*oly1 & ! timid4 ,accid5ts1 inde$1 9 ! side-saddle1 are ( extremely r>e occurr5ce4 ,/range z x may seem1 x is1 h[ev]1 an incontrov]tible fact1 t horses1 9 g5]al1 are mu* m docile & temp]ate1 ) rid]s ( ! fair sex1 ?an :5 m\nt$ by m54 ,?is may be attribut$1 p>tially1 to ! m backw>d position1 9 ! saddle1 ( ! =m] ?an ! latt]2 b1 pr9cipally1 p]haps1 to _! sup]ior delicacy ( h& 9 manag+ ! re9s4 ,z an active recreation1 & a mode ( conveyance1 rid+ on horseback appe>s to h be5 ( v remote usage among our fair c\ntrywom54 ,dur+ a long p]iod1 inde$1 x 0 ! only "o kn[n to1 or1 adopt$ by !m1 = ! p]=mance ( j\rnies4 ,su*1 too1 appe>s to h be5 ! case 7) "s modifications7 9 o!r ,european c\ntries4 ,! only voiture ( ! ,fr5*1 says ,g>sault1 until ! reign ( ,*>les ! ,six?1 0 ! back ( ! horse or mule3 nei!r ,k+s1 ,que5s1 ,pr9ces1 nor subjects 7 acqua9t$ ) any o!r4 ,9 ! "t ( t mon>*1 litt]s1 borne by two horses1 fir/ appe>$2 b ^! 7 uncov]$1 & us$1 only1 by ladies ( ! c\rt4 ,froiss>t describes ,isabel1 ! second wife ( ,ri*>d ! ,second ( ,engl&1 z hav+ be5 borne en une litire m\lt ri*e1 qui etoit ordonne p\r elle2 & ?is k9d ( vehicle1 dur+ ! reigns ( sev]al succe$+ ,mon>*s1 appe>s to h be5 us$ by wom5 ( di/9ction 9 ?is c\ntry1 b1 only1 x is to be obs]v$1 9 cases ( illness1 or on occasions ( c]emony4 ,= example1--:5 ,m>g>et1 daught] ( ,h5ry ! ,sev5?1 w5t into ,scotl&1 %e g5]ally rode a faire palfrey2 :ile1 aft] h]1 0 convey$ "o v>y ri*e lit]e1 borne by two faire c\rs]s1 v>y nobly dre/2 9 ! :i* lit]e ! sayd ,que5e 0 borne 9 ! intry+ ( ! good t[nes1 or o!rwise1 to h] good play%]4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 vehicles ) :eels1 = ! use ( ladies1 7 fir/ introduc$4 ,!y appe> to h be5 ( ,italian orig91 z ! fir/ notice ( !m is f\nd 9 an acc\nt ( ! entry ( ,*>les ( ,anj\ into ,naples2 on :i* occasion1 we are told1 8 que5 rode 9 a c>eta1 ! outside & inside ( :i* 7 cov]$ ) sky-blue velvet1 int]sp]s$ ) gold5 lilies4 ,"u ! ,gallicis$ d5om9ation ( *>1 ! ,italian c>eta1 %ortly aft]w>ds became kn[n 9 ,france2 :]e1 s e>ly z ! ye> #abid1 an ord9ance 0 issu$ by ,philip ! ,fair1 =bidd+ its use to citiz5s' wives4 ,nor 0 ,engl& f> beh9d 9 ! adoption ( ! vehicle2 =1 9 ,! ,squyr ( ,l[ ,degree1 a poem suppos$ to h be5 writt5 ant]ior to ! "t ( ,*auc]1 we f9d ! fa!r ( a royal lady promis+ t %e %all hunt ) him1 on ! morr[1 9 a *>e1 drawn by ,j5nettes ( ,spa9 t b5 s :ite1 ,trapp$ to ! gr\nd ) velvet bright4 ,x %all be cov]$ ) velvet r$1 ,& clo!s ( f9e gold all ab\t y\r head2 ,) damask :ite & azure blue1 ,well diap]$ ) lilies blue4 ,h[ev] ri*ly ornam5t$1 ! c>eta1 *>1 or *>e--& !re is little1 if any1 d\bt1 to be ent]ta9$ z to _! id5tity--may h be51 x 01 probably1 a clumsy1 inelegant1 & inconv5i5t /ructure2 = its employm5t appe>s to h be5 f> f g5]al among high-born ladies1 ev5 on occasions ( c]emony & pomp4 ,dur+ ! f\rte5?1 fifte5?1 & sixte5? c5turies1 ! ,fr5* ,pr9cesses usually rode on donkies2 & s late z ! ye> #aecd1 a sacr$ fe/ival 0 att5d$ by ,que5 ,eleonora1 & ! females ( ! blood royal ( ,france1 on horseback4 ,nor did ! sup]ior & m rec5t inv5tion ( coa*es1 = a long p]iod1 t5d mat]ially to sup]s$e1 among ladies1 ! use ( ! saddle4 ,^! vehicles1 accord+ to ,/[1 became kn[n1 9 ,engl&1 9 #aehj2 b1 _m ye>s aft]1 ,que5 ,elizabe? h]self is describ$ z hav+ appe>$1 almo/ daily1 on h] palfrey4 ,9 ! "t ( ,*>les ! ,second1 ! fa%ion1 among ladies1 ( rid+ on horseback1 decl9$2 dur+ subsequ5t reigns1 x gradually reviv$2 & ! ex]cise may n[ be reg>d$ z firmly e/abli%$1 among our fair c\ntrywom51 by ! augu/ example ( _! illu/ri\s ,que54 ,illu/ration ,! pres5t graceful1 secure1 & appropriate /yle ( female eque/rianism is1 h[ev]1 mat]ially diff]5t f t ( ! old5 "t4 ,9 by-gone days1 ! dame or damosel rode precisely z ! knight or page4 ,( ?is1 sev]al illu/rations occur 9 an illum9at$ manuscript ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 pres]v$ 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y4 ,9 "o ( ^!1 a lady ( t p]iod is depict$ on horseback1 enjoy+ ! pa/ime ( ! *ase4 ,9 ano!r1 are repres5t$ two g5tlewom5 ( ! same p]iod1 on horseback1 ) an individual ( ! o!r sex1 engag$ 7z is %ewn by "s p>ts ( ! design1 :i* x w\ld be ne$less1 = our pres5t purpose1 to copy7 9 ! once mu*-fav\r$ div]sion ( ,hawk+4 ,illu/ration ,que5 ,elizabe?1 says a writ] 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,lond95sis1 seems to h be5 ! fir/ :o set ! ladies ! m mode/ fa%ion ( rid+ sideways4 ,consid]able opposition 01 at fir/1 made to x1 z inconv5i5t & dang]\s3 b1 practice1 9 "t1 br\ght x into g5]al use2 p>ticul>ly :5 ladies f\nd !y c\ld ride a-hunt+1 take fly+ leaps1 & gallop ov] cross roads & pl\gh$ fields1 )\t meet+ ) m accid5ts ?an ! m53 besides1 x 0 n only all[$ to be m decor\s1 b1 9 _m respects1 m cong5ial to ! ease & com=t ( a female rid]4 ,our au?or is1 h[ev]1 wrong 9 ascrib+ ! fa%ion ( rid+ sideways1 by wom5 9 ?is c\ntry1 to ,elizabe?2 by :om x c\ld only h be5 confirm$1 or1 at ! mo/1 reviv$2--! hon\r ( its introduction be+ cle>ly attributable to ano!r ,que5 ( ,engl&1 :o liv$ at a mu* m e>ly p]iod ( our hi/ory4 ,ann ( ,bohemia1 consort ( ,ri*>d ! ,second1 is ! illu/ri\s p]sonage to :om we allude4 ,%e1 x 01 accord+ to ,/[ 7:om ,beckman foll[s on ?is po9t71 t orig9ally %ew$ ! wom5 ( ?is c\ntry h[ gracefully & conv5i5tly !y might ride on horseback sideways4 ,ano!r old hi/orian1 enum]at+ ! new fa%ions ( ,ri*>d ! ,second's reign1 obs]ves1 ,likewise1 noble ladies !n us$ high heads & cornets1 & robes ) long tra9s1 & seats1 or side-saddles1 on _! horses1 by ! example ( ! respectable ,que51 ,ann1 daught] ( ! ,k+ ( ,bohemia2 :o fir/ introduc$ ! cu/om into ?is k+dom3 =1 be=e1 wom5 ( e rank rode z m5 d 7,t4 ,,rossii1 ,hi/4 ,re4 ,ang4 p4 #bje74 ,9 8 beautiful illu/rative picture ( ,*auc]'s ,cant]bury ,pilgrims1 ,/o?>d appe>s to h committ$ an ana*ronism1 9 plac+ ! mo/ conspicu\s female "* ( 8 f9e composition sideways on h] /e$4 ,t ! lady %\ld h be5 depict$ rid+ 9 ! male fa%ion1 might1 x /rikes u1 h be5 inf]r$1 )\t any hi/orical rese>* on ! subject1 f ! poet's describ+ h] z hav+1 on h] feet1 a paire ( spurrs %>pe4 ,nei!r ! orig9al example ( ,ann ( ,bohemia1 nor t1 9 lat] days1 ( ,elizabe?1 z female eque/rians1 h[ev] ext5sively foll[$1 _h suffici5t =ce1 entirely to aboli%1 among our c\ntrywom51 ! mode ( rid+ l ! o!r sex4 ,9 ! "t ( ,*>les ! ,second1 x appe>s1 f a passage 9 ! ,duke ( ,newca/le's great "w on ,horseman%ip1 to h /ill1 at lea/ p>tially1 subsi/$4 ,ano!r writ] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ^: manuscripts are pres]v$ 9 ! ,h>leian collection1 speaks ( x1 z hav+ be5 practis$1 9 8 "t1 by ! ladies ( ,bury1 9 ,suffolk1 :5 hunt+ or hawk+2 & our v5]able contempor>y1 ,lawr5ce 7a volum9\s writ] on ! horse71 x is wor?y ( rem>k1 /ates1 t at an e>ly p]iod ( 8 own life1 two "y ladies ( good family1 !n resid+ ne> ,ipswi*1 9 ! same c\nty1 7 9 ! con/ant habit ( rid+ ab\t ! c\ntry1 9 _! sm>t doe-sk9s1 great coats1 & flapp$ beav] hats4 ,illu/ration ,al?\gh entirely rel9qui%$1 at pres5t1 p]haps 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! mode ( female eque/rianism "u notice cont9ues to prevail 9 v>i\s o!r localities4 ,9 ! foll[+ sket*1 tak5 f ,*>les ,audry's magnific5t ,ecole d' ,equitation1 a ,p]sian lady is del9eat$ z j ab\t to />t on a j\rney1 9 ! saddle2 &1 9 ! next1 :i* is engrav$ f an orig9al draw+1 done f ! life1 a lady & g5tleman ( ,lima are repres5t$ on horseback4 ,i h endeav\r$1 ! arti/ says1 9 manuscript1 on ! rev]se ( 8 sket*1 to depict ! horses 'pac+2' z !y are almo/ univ]sally taught to d1 9 ,p]u3 t is1 to move bo? ! legs1 ( "o side1 =w>d toge!r4 ,x resembles an ,engli% but*]'s trot 9 appe>ance2 b1 x is s easy1 t "o might g to sleep on ! horse3 &1 aft] rid+ 'a pac]1' x is difficult to sit a trott] at fir/4 ,x is1 also1 excessively rapid2--good pac]s beat+ o!r horses at a gallop4 ,! ladies ( ,lima d n always ride ) ! face cov]$3 b1 only1 :5 ! sun is p[]ful4 ,!y1 sometimes1 ride 9 pon*os1 l ! m53 9 fact1 x is excessively difficult1 at fir/ sight1 to det]m9e :e!r a p]son on horseback be male or female4 ,illu/ration ,! side-saddle introduc$ to ?is c\ntry by ,ann ( ,bohemia1 diff]$1 mat]ially1 f t n[ us$ by ,briti% ladies2 hav+1 no d\bt1 be5 a m]e pillion1 on :i* ! rid] sate1 z 9 a *air4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,at :at p]iod our fair c\ntrywom5 fir/ began to ride ) ! knee ov] ! pommel1 we are n enabl$ to /ate3 x is1 h[ev]1 cle>1 accord+ to ! orig9al ( ! above sket*1 :i* occurs 9 "o ( ! hi/orical illu/rations ( eque/rianism1 giv5 by ,audry1 t ! c\rtly dames ( ,engl& did s1 ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,our au?or describes ! figure1 z be+ t ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,newca/le4 ,illu/ration ,x may be conjectur$1 t a s+le crut*1 only1 = ! advanc$ leg1 0 at fir/ us$2 & ?is1 x is n improbable1 0 fix$ on ! c5tre ( ! pommel1 z 9 ! lady's saddle1 n[1 or at lea/ v lately1 common 9 "s p>ts ( ,mexico2 :]e ! wom51 x w\ld seem1 ride ) ! left h& t[>ds ! animal's head4 ,?is1 also1 appe>s to h be51 sometimes1 ! case1 d[n to a rec5t p]iod1 9 our own c\ntry2 =1 9 r a mod]n description ( ! side-saddle1 ! crut*es are spok5 ( z be+ moveable1 9 ord] to af=d a lady1 by m]ely *ang+ _! relative positions1 ! means ( rid+1 z %e might please1 on ei!r side ( h] horse4#ah-99 ,t a second crut* 0 us$ ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury 7we are unable to /ate h[ mu* e>li]71 9 ,france1 at lea/1 is evid5t f a plate ( ! lady's hunt+ saddle1 at t p]iod1 giv5 by ,g>sault2 9 :i*1 x is curi\s1 a sort ( hold-fa/ is provid$ = ! fair eque/rian's "r h&4 ,b1 ev5 s rec5tly z ,g>sault's "t1 ! saddle 9 ord9>y use1 by ,fr5* wom51 01 we le>n f 8 "w on equitation1 /ill1 a k9d ( pillion1 on :i* ! rid] sate1 diagonally1 ) bo? feet re/+ on a broad susp5d$ l$ge or /irrup4 ,! pillion 9 ?is c\ntry has n yet become obsolete2 be+ /ill1 frequ5tly1 to be se51 on ! backs ( donkies & hack ponies1 at wat]+ places4 ,dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! pres5t c5tury1 its employm5t cont9u$ to be g5]al4 ,x 0 fix$ beh9d a man's saddle1 on ! cr\p ( a /eady horse1 tra9$ to g at an easy ?\gh %uffl+ pace betwe5 a walk & a trot4 ,! groom1 or g5tleman1 equipp$ ) a broad lea!rn belt buckl$ ab\t 8 wai/--by :i* ! lady secur$ h] position1 9 case ( ne$--fir/ m\nt$2 & 8 fair companion 0 !n lift$1 backw>ds1 & beh9d him1 into h] seat4 ,9 an old "w on horseman%ip1 writt5 by "o ,william ,/okes1 & publi%$ at ,ox=d1 x is n1 p]haps1 unwor?y ( notice1 directions are giv5 = vault+ into ! saddle1 aft] ! lady has be5 plac$ on ! cr\p2 toge!r ) a plate illu/rative ( s exquisitely nice & m>vell\sly absurd an op]ation4 ,9 ,mexico !y manage ^! ?+s1 if n bett]1 at all ev5ts1 ) m gallantry1 ?an our =efa!rs did1 = ) !m1 ! pisana1 or c\ntry lady1 we are told1 is (t5 se5 m\nt$ be=e h] cavali]o2 :o1 seat$ beh9d 8 fair "o1 supports h] ) 8 arm ?r[n ar\nd h] wai/4 ,our illu/rative sket* ( ?is cu/om 79 ! prec$+ page7 is tak5 f a beautiful model1--! "w ( a native ,mexican arti/4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,hav+1 n[1 (f]$ our fair read]s a slight & unpret5d+ hi/orical sket* ( female eque/rianism1 we %all proce$1 aft] a few prelim9>y rem>ks1 to ! practical details ( ! art4 ,its v>i\s advantages1 inducem5ts1 & attractions1 z an ex]cise1 h1 already1 be5 notic$4 ,mu*1 h[ev]1 z we wi% to int]e/ our fair c\ntrywom51 9 its fav\r1 x is prop]1 on our "p1 to tell !m1 frankly1 t eque/rianism is f> f be+ an intuitive art3--!re is no royal road to x4 ,to be enjoy$ & appreciat$1 x mu/ be le>nt4 ,t ease & elegance1--t comp>ative safety 9 ! side-saddle1 ( :i* we h spok51--x is impossible to a*ieve1 )\t consid]able practice1 bas$ ^u prop] pr9ciples4 ,_m "y ladies1 h[ev]1 feel a delicate repugnance to pass+ ?r\gh ! ordeal ( a rid+-s*ool2 "s1 aga91 d n reside 9 situations1 :]e ! b5efit ( a tea*]'s directions c be procur$2 :ile o!rs1 errone\sly flatt] !mselves1 t !y are 9 possession ( e ne$ful acquirem5t1 z reg>ds eque/rianism1 :5 !y h discov]$ h[ to reta9 a seat on ! saddle1 & guide a horse by means ( ! bridle4 ,to su* ( our read]s z happ5 to be compris$ )9 ei!r ( ^! classes1--& to ^?1 also1 :o1 aft] hav+ receiv$ a pr(essor's initiative in/ructions1 are desir\s ( fur!r improvem5t1 ! foll[+ pages1 if c>efully p]us$1 w1 ! writ] mo/ zeal\sly hopes1 prove b5eficial4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes3 #ah-99 ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 we h be5 assur$ by a fri5d1 t1 )9 a few weeks pa/1 he has se5 sev]al ladies1 at ,brighton1 seat$ on ! wrong side ( ! horse4 ,side-saddles1 ) moveable crut*es1 inde$1 are n[ f> f uncommon 7to our own k71 9 saddl]s' %ops4 ,,eque/rian ,,te*nicalities4 ,a few1 among ! mo/ g5]ally adopt$1 ( ^!1 x w be exp$i5t1 9 ! fir/ place1 to notice & expla94 ,mo/ p>ts 9 ! ext]nal /ructure ( ! horse are kn[n by names ( obvi\s signification3 b su* is n1 exactly1 ! case ) all4 ,illu/ration ,to comm5ce ) ! ant]ior limb3--a is ! =e pa/]n2 b1 ! fetlock2 c1 ! leg2 & d1 ! arm4 ,9 ! h9d limb1 e is ! h9d pa/]n2 f1 ! hock2 g1 ! /ifle2 & h1 ! haun*4 ,! upp] surface ( ! neck1 i1 is d5om9at$ ! cre/2 k1 ! )]s1 & l1 ! cr\p4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! bridle1 suppos+ x to be d\ble-re9$1 a is ! d\ble head-/all2 b1 ! front2 c1 ! nose-b&2 d1 ! ?roat-la%2 e1 e1 ! snaffle re92 & f1 f1 ! curb re94 ,at g1 g1 is ! m>t+ale4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! saddle1 a1 is ! ne> crut*2 b1 ! (f crut*2 c1 ! cantle2 d1 ! crupp]2 e1 ! safe2 f1 ! skirt2 g1 ! /irrup2 h1 ! ne> side half ( ! surc+le2 & i1 i1 ! gir?s4 ,a lady's "r h& is t]m$ ! :ip-h&1 & h] left1 ! bridle-h&4 ,! ne> side ( a horse is t :i* is on ! left ( ! rid]2 & ! (f side t :i* is on h] "r4 ,! height ( a horse is always e/imat$ 9 h&s1 ( f\r in*es ea*3 x is always measur$ at ! tip ( ! %\ld]4 ,a horse is nev] spok5 ( z be+ s _m h&s tall1 b s _m h&s high4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,lady',s ,,horse4 ,al?\gh ! lady usually has a horse select$ = h]1 by "s g5tleman1 ei!r ( h] own family or h] acqua9tance1 x may n be inexp$i5t to in=m ! fair read] ( ^? qualities :i*1 comb9$ 9 ! same animal1 may be said to con/itute a complete lady's horse4 ,su* a creature1 h[ev]1 we mu/ obs]ve1 is exce$+ly difficult to be procur$1 ev5 by ^? possess$ ( ! nice/ judgm5t on ! subject2 &1 to :om1 ! usually important "q ( price is n an object ( consid]ation4 ,! beau ideal ( ?is k9d ( horse is sup]latively elegant 9 =m1 exquisitely f9e 9 coat1 & unexceptionably beautiful 9 col\r2 ( a height1 9 ! nice/ degree appropriate to ! figure ( ! rid]2 graceful1 accurate1 well-unit$1 & ?or\ghly safe 9 e pace2 light z a fea!r 9 ! h&1 ?\gh n at all pa9fully s5sitive to a prop] action ( ! bit2 bold 9 ! extreme1 yet sup]latively docile2 free1 9 e respect1 f :at is te*nically d5om9at$ vice2 excell5t 9 temp]1 b /ill ?\gh g5tle1 yet n dull2 r>ely1 if ev]1 requir+ ! /imulus ( ! :ip1 yet submitt+ temp]ately to its occasional sugge/ions4 ,illu/ration ,9 "s1 ?\gh n 9 all respects1 ! =m %\ld approa* closely to t ( a ?or\gh-br$ animal4 ,! head %\ld be small1 neat1 well-set on ! neck1 & gracefully c>ri$4 ,! no/rils %\ld be wide2 ! eyes l>ge1 r protrud+1 d>k1 yet brilliant2 ! e>s erect1 & delicately tap]+ t[>ds _! tips4 ,! expression ( ! c\nt5ance %\ld be lively1 animat$1 noble1 & mo/ highly intellig5t2 ! neck r ar*$ & muscul>2 ! ridge ( ! %\ld]s n>r[ & elevat$2 ! *e/ full & fle%y2 ! back broad2 ! body1 r\nd or b>rel-l2 ! space betwe5 ! hips & tail1 long1 & v gradually depress$ t[>ds ! latt] organ1 :i*1 x is ess5tial1 %\ld be bas$ high on ! cr\p4 ,! =e & h9d limbs %\ld be di/ant1 ! "o pair f ! o!r2 ! arms muscul>2 ! knees broad1 ! hocks 7lat]ally7 wide2 ! legs flat & s9ewy2 ! pa/]ns r long2 & ! ho(s l>ge1 & ne>ly r\nd4 ,a r\gh1 or1 :at is te*nically t]m$1 a />+ coat1 consid]ably det]iorates ! appe>ance ( a horse1 h[ev] p]fect 9 o!r conditions4 ,its surface1 on a well-br$1 heal?y1 & prop]ly groom$ animal1 is n only smoo?1 b brilliantly poli%$4 ,! mane1 if too long & ?ick1 w int]f]e ) t delicate managem5t ( ! re9s s desirable to a lady on horseback2 & ! tail1 if ( immod]ate l5g?1 w1 by ! animal's :isk+ x t[>ds 8 sides1 prove inconv5i5t1 to ! fair rid]1 at all times2 b1 especially s1 9 dirty wea!r4 ,nei!r ( ^! app5dages1 h[ev]1 on ! o!r h&1 %\ld be ungracefully brief or scanty4 ,( all col\rs pres5t$ by ! horse1 none is s ri*1 &1 at ! same "t1 s elegant & *a/e1 z a bright bay2 provid$ ! mane1 tail1 & l[] p>ts ( ! legs1 be black4 ,a small :ite /> on ! =ehead1 & a :ite speck on "o ( ! heels1 are to be consid]$1 r1 z beauties1 ?an defects3 b mu* :ite1 ei!r on ! face or legs1 :atev] be ! g5]al hue1 is q ! rev]se ( desirable4 ,aft] bright bay1 *e/nut1 p]haps1 des]ves to rank next 9 ! scale ( ta/e2 provid$ x be n1 z is v frequ5tly ! case1 accompani$ ) :ite legs4 ,"s ( ! v>i\s %ades ( grey1 h[ev]1 are1 9 ! op9ion ( _m1 entitl$ to be plac$ above x3 ( ^!1 ! silv] grey1 ) black mane & tail1 claims ! highe/ place4 ,br[n is r exceptionable1 on acc\nt ( its dulness4 ,black is n mu* admir$2 ?\gh1 z we ?9k1 :5 ( a deep jet1 rem>kably elegant4 ,roan1 sorrel1 dun1 piebald1 m\se1 & ev5 cream col\r 7h[ev] appropriate ! latt] may be = a /ate-c>riage-horse7 are all to be es*ew$4 ,! height ( h] horse %\ld be 9 h>moni\s proportion ) t ( ! rid]4 ,a v "y or %ort lady is 9 no less false a position1 z reg>ds grace1 on a l(ty /e$1 ?an a tall1 full-gr[n woman1 on a dim9utive pony4 ,= ladies ( ! g5]al /ature1 a horse measur+ f fifte5 to fifte5 & a half h&s1 at ! po9t ( ! %\ld]1 is usually consid]$1 z reg>ds height1 m desirable ?an any o!r4 ,9 paces1 ! lady's horse %\ld be p]fect2 or1 at all ev5ts1 s f> z reg>ds ! walk & cant]4 ,! =m] %\ld be fa/1 bold1 firm1 & lively1 )\t be+ un/eady2 &1 ! latt]1 light1 easy1 well-comb9$1 & graceful3 s1 too1 %\ld ! h&-gallop2 al?\gh1 x is true1 a lady's horse is r>ely put to ?is pace1 unless us$ = ! field4 ,! trot1 aga91 is b little practis$3 /ill ! complete lady's horse is expect$ to be capable ( p]=m+ x ) great precision ( /ep1 & b little concussion to ! rid]3--_m ladies reg>d+ x1--h[ev] disc\nt5anc$ by ! majority1 p]haps1--z pref]able1 f its vig\r1 livel9ess1 & da%1 to any o!r pace4 ,to expatiate on ! absolute necessity ( ! lady's horse be+ safe on 8 limbs1 w\ld be ne$less4 ,! m\? %\ld be s5sible ( ! mo/ delicate h9t ( ! rid]'s w1 communicat$ to x by means ( ! bit4 ,a horse t pulls h>d1 or hangs heavily ^u ! re9s1 is v unsuitable = a lady's use3 s1 aga91 is "o hav+ ! m\? s t5d] z to suff] f mod]ate pressure1 ei!r by ! snaffle or ! curb4 ,! =m] is no less fatigu+ to1 ?an ! latt] is di/ress$ by1 ! bridle h&4 ,illu/ration ,,p]sonal ,,equipm5ts4 ,9 ! selection ( ^!1 a lady has a fair opportunity = ! prop] display ( a ref9$ & judici\s ta/e4 ,all t is gaudy1 ne$less1 or ev5 elaborate1 is vulg>4 ,p]fect simplicity1 inde$1 z reg>ds1 n only h] own co/ume1 b ! trapp+s ( h] palfrey1 is expect$1 at ! pres5t day1 on ! "p ( e well-br$ female eque/rian4 ,! habit %\ld fit ! bu/1 )\t a crease3 b1 b5ea? ! wai/1 x ought to be1 n only long1 b1 some:at full & fl[+4 ,its col\r %\ld be d>k z possible1 )\t be+ positively black4 ,! hair %\ld be plait$2 or1 if o!rwise dress$1 s arrang$ & secur$1 t x may n be bl[n into ! rid]'s eyes2 nor1 f ex]cise1 or ! effect ( humid wea!r1 be liable to be s discompos$1 z to become emb>rass+4 ,to ride 9 a bonnet is f> f judici\s4 ,a hat1 or neat undress milit>y cap1 is indisp5sable to ! female eque/rian4 ,x %\ld be secur$ mo/ c>efully to ! head3 =1 ! loss ( x w\ld n m]ely be inconv5i5t1 b1 p]haps1 dang]\s1 f ! />tl+ effect :i* its fall might produce on ! s5sitive temp]am5t ( ! horse4 ,a veil is ! rev]se ( objectionable1 provid$ x be ( mod]ate l5g?1 & safely ti$ to ! hat or cap2 :i*1 x is prop] to /ate1 %\ld h no o!r ornam5t or app5dage4 ,! :ip %\ld be exquisitely neat & highly f9i%$2 b ) little1 if any1 decoration4 ,illu/ration ,,acc\trem5ts ,,= ,,! ,,horse4 ,e acc\trem5t = ! horse1 h[ev] ornam5tal & pictorial1 beyond ! m]e saddle & bridle1 is to be reject$1 z be+ 9 bad ta/e4 ,! crupp] & brea/-b& are n[ almo/ obsolete2 ! saddle-clo? has ne>ly disappe>$2 nett+s are1 g5]ally speak+1 ab&on$2 & ! m>t+ale itself1 valuable z x may be = horses ( a c]ta9 "*1 is r>ely to be se54 ,simplicity1 inde$1 z reg>ds female eque/rianism1 is n[ imp]atively 7&1 /range to say1 mo/ judici\sly7 enjo9$1 by t same fickle goddess1 ,fa%ion1 9 ob$i5ce to ^: sov]eign behe/1 a lady's horse1 9 ! old5 "t1 0 disguis$1 z x 71 9 clo? ( gold mo/ curi\sly wr\ght4 ,illu/ration ,,rules ,,( ,,! ,,road4 ,)\t a k ( ^!1 ! fair eque/rian1 :5 rid+ 9 public1 w\ld be expos$ to consid]able inconv5i5ce1 &1 (t51 to no slight degree ( dang]4 ,by a g5]ally und]/ood compact1 p]sons1 :e!r rid+ or driv+1 :5 proce$+ 9 opposite directions1 pass1 ea* on 8 or h] own ne>1 or left-h&1 side1 ( ! road2 & :5 on a p>allel c\rse1 ! fa/] p>ty goes by ! o!r1 on ! (f1 or "r4 ,9 o!r words1 :5 ! =m] is ! case1 ! "r h&s ( ! p>ties meet+1 are t[>ds ea* o!r2 &1 9 ! latt]1 ! left h& ( ! fa/]1 is t[>ds ! "r h& ( ! sl[]4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t :5 ! rid] is ab\t to meet horses or c>riages1 %e %\ld take h] gr\nd on h] ne>1 or left1 side ( ! road2 &1 :5 ab\t to pass ^? travell+ 9 ! same direction )1 ?\gh at a less spe$y pace ?an1 h]self1 on h] "r1 or (f4 ,9 meet+ "o rid]1 or vehicle1 &1 at ! same "t1 pass+1 by sup]ior spe$1 ano!r1 %e mu/ leave ! fir/1 on h] "r1 & ! second1 on h] left4 ,x w n be inexp$i5t1 "u ! pres5t head1 to make "s obs]vations z to :i* side ! lady %\ld take1 :5 rid+ 9 company ) a g5tleman4 ,adams1 a tea*] ( equitation1 & ! au?or ( a "w on ! subject1 rem>ks1 t ! only inducem5ts = a g5tleman to ride on ! left ( a lady1 w\ld be1 t1 by hav+ 8 "r h& t[>ds h]1 9 case ( h] ne$+ assi/ance1 he might1 ! m readily & effici5tly1 be enabl$ to af=d x1 ?an if he 7 on ! opposite side2 &1 %\ld any dis>rangem5t occur 9 ! skirt ( h] habit1 he might scre5 x until rem$i$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 our au?or obs]ves1 ) great good s5se1 ?\gh 9 t]ms some:at homely1--address+1 x is to be notic$1 8 rem>ks to g5tlem51--! inconv5i5ce ( rid+ on ! left ( ! lady1 is1 t if y ride ne>1 to give h] any assi/ance1 y are liable to rub1 or incommode1 ! lady's legs1 & al>m h]2 & ! spur is liable to cat*1 or te>1 ! lady's habit3 if ! roads are dirty1 y\r horse1 likewise1 bespatt]s ! lady's habit4 ,on ! "r h& ( ! lady1 ^! inconv5i5ces d n occur1 if y ride ev] s close2 & y are situat$ next ! c>riages1 & ! v>i\s objects y meet1 :i*1 9 n>r[ roads1 or1 pass+ ne>1 might intimidate a lady4 ,= ^! reasons1 ,i ?9k x mo/ prop] to take ! "r h& ( a lady4 ,illu/ration ,,m\nt+4 ,on approa*+ a horse1 ! skirt ( ! habit %\ld be gracefully ga!r$ up1 & ! :ip be c>ri$ 9 ! "r h&4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,x is ! groom's duty1 :5 ! rid] approa*es1 to ga!r up ! re9s ) 8 left h&1 smoo?ly & ev5ly1 ! curb re9 betwe51 & some:at tight] ?an ! bridoon1 prop]ly divid+ !m ) 8 =e-f+]4 ,! lady advanc+1 on ! ne> side ( ! horse1 to ! saddle1 receives !m a little m =w>d ?an ! po9t ( ! horse's %\ld]1 ) h] "r h&1 :i* /ill reta9s & passes ! :ip ov] ! saddle to ! (f or "r side4 ,on tak+ ! bridle 9 ?is mann]1 h] =e-f+] is plac$ betwe5 ! re9s3 ! groom !n removes 8 h&1 & ! lady draws h] own back1 suff]+ ! re9s to glide g5tly & ev5ly ?r\gh h] f+]s1 until %e rea*es ! ne> crut* ( ! saddle1 :i* %e takes ) h] "r h&1 /ill hold+ ! :ip & re9s1 & places h]self close to ! ne> side ( ! horse1 ) h] back almo/ turn$ t[>ds him4 ,! groom n[ quits 8 =m] po/1 & prep>es to assi/ h] to m\nt4 ,! horse be+ ?us left to ! lady's gov]nm5t1 x is prop]1 t1 9 pass+ h] h& ?r\gh ! re9s %e %\ld n h suff]$ !m to become s loose z to prev5t h]1 :5 h] h& is on ! crut*1 f hav+ a light1 b /eady be>+ on ! bit1 & ?us keep+ ! horse to 8 position dur+ ! process ( m\nt+4 ,%e next places h] left foot firmly 9 ! "r h& ( ! groom1 or g5tleman1 9 att5dance1 :o /oops to receive x4 ,! lady !n puts h] left h& on 8 "r %\ld]2 &1 /raight5+ h] left knee1 be>s h] weight on ! assi/ant's h&2 :i* he gradually raises 7ris+1 himself1 at ! same "t7 until %e is seat$ on ! saddle4 ,dur+ h] elevation1 %e /eadies1 & ev51 if necess>y1 p>tly assi/s h]self t[>ds ! saddle by h] h&s2 "o ( :i*1 x w be recollect$1 is plac$ on ! crut*1 & ! o!r on h] assi/ant's %\ld]4 ,x is important t %e %\ld keep h] foot firm & h] knee /raight4 ,illu/ration ,if ^! directions be well att5d$ to1 %e w f9d h]self rais$ to h] saddle ) b a trifl+ ex]tion1 ei!r1 on h] own "p1 or t ( ! assi/ant4 ,%\ld ! latt] be a lad only1 or a groom n mu* accu/om$ to ?is "p ( 8 bus9ess1 he %\ld use bo? h&s in/ead ( "o2--jo9+ !m by ! f+]s3 inde$1 ?is1 g5]ally speak+1 is ! saf] mode4 ,! lady1 9 all cases1 %\ld take c>e t h] weight be well balanc$ on h] left foot1 f :i* %e %\ld rise z p]p5dicul>ly z possible2 above all ?+s tak+ c>e n to put h] foot =w>d1 b keep+ x directly "u h]4 ,! assi/ant %\ld n beg9 to raise h] until %e has remov$ h] "r foot f ! gr\nd1 &1 by /r5g!n+ h] knee1 ?r[n h] weight completely into 8 h&4 ,illu/ration ,hav+ rea*$ ! saddle1 :ile h] face is /ill turn$ to ! ne> side ( ! horse1 & be=e %e places h] knee on ! pommel1 ! assi/ant puts ! lady's left foot 9 ! /irrup1 :ile %e removes h] h& f ! ne> to ! (f crut* ( ! saddle1 hold+ ! :ip & re9s z be=e direct$4 ,%e n[ raises h]self on ! /irrup by ! aid ( h] "r h&1 :ile ! assi/ant1 or ! lady h]self1 ) h] left h&1 draws ! habit =w>d 9 its place4 ,%e !n places h] "r knee betwe5 ! crut*es1 & h] seat is tak54 ,%\ld ! back "p ( ! habit at ?is "t1 or aft]w>ds1 9 ! c\rse ( ! ride1 require any arrangem5t1 ! lady raises h]self 9 ! /irrup1 by /r5g!n+ h] knee1 &1 ) h] left h&1 disposes h] habit to h] satisfaction4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,re9s4 ,pupils1 dur+ _! fir/ lessons1 may arrange ! re9s 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,! "r h& is remov$ f ! crut* ( ! saddle2 ! re9s are sep>at$1 & "o is held 9 ea* h&1 pass+ up betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? f+]s1 ! ends be+ br\ght ov] ! =e-f+]s1 & held 9 _! places by clos+ ! ?umbs ^u !m1 & %utt+ ! h&s3 ^! %\ld be on a level ) ea* o!r1 at a little di/ance ap>t1 ?ree in*es f ! body1 or !reab\ts1 ) ! knuckles ( ! little f+]s 9 a l9e ) ! elb[4 ,by slightly advanc+ ! h&s1 or ev5 relax+ ! hold ( ! re9s1 ! horse1 if well tra9$1 w g =w>d4 ,! left h& is rais$ to turn to ! ne> or left side1 & ! "r h& to turn 9 an opposite direction4 ,by slightly rais+ & approa*+ bo? h&s t[>d ! body1 ! horse may be made to /op4 ,:5 ei!r re9 is act$ on1 to turn ! horse1 ! o!r %\ld be a little slack5$1 or ! h& :i* holds x relax$4 ,z soon z ! pupil has pass$ h] noviciate 9 ! art1 %e holds bo? re9s 9 ! left h&4 ,"s ladies sep>ate !m by ! ?ird & f\r? f+]s2 o!rs1 by "o ( ^! f+]s only2 & _m1 by ! f\r? & little f+]3 b ! great] numb] use ! latt] alone = ?is purpose1 pass+ ! (f or "r re9 ov] x1 & br++ ! ne> or left re9 up b5ea? x4 ,! re9s are c>ri$ flat ^u ea* o!r up ?r\gh ! h&1 ne> ! middle jo9t ( ! =e-f+]1 & ! ?umb is plac$ ^u !m s t _! ends fall d[n 9 front ( ! knuckles4 ,! elb[ %\ld nei!r be squeez$ close to ! side1 nor ?ru/ out into an awkw>d & unnatural position2 b be c>ri$ easily & gracefully1 at a mod]ate di/ance f ! body4 ,! ?umb %\ld be upp]mo/1 & ! h& s plac$ t ! l[] "p ( x be ne>] ! wai/ ?an ! upp]2 ! wri/ %\ld be slightly r\nd$1 ! little f+] 9 a l9e ) ! elb[1 & ! nails turn$ t[>ds ! rid]4 ,) ! re9s 9 ?is position1 ! lady1 if %e wi% h] horse to advance1 br+s h] ?umb t[>ds h]1 until ! knuckles are upp]mo/1 & ! nails ov] ! horse's %\ld]3 ! re9s1 by ?is simple motion1 are slack5$ suffici5tly to p]mit him to move =w>d4 ,aft] he is put 9 motion1 ! rid]'s h& %\ld return to ! fir/ position1 gradually2 or x may be slightly advanc$1 & ! ?umb turn$ upw>ds imm$iately4 ,to direct a horse to ! left1 let ! ?umb1 :i* 9 ! fir/ position is upp]mo/1 be turn$ to ! "r1 ! little f+] to ! left1 & ! back ( ! h& br\ght upw>ds4 ,?is movem5t is p]=m$ 9 a mom5t1 & x w cause ! left re9 to hang slack1 :ile ! "r is tight5$ s z to press aga9/ ! horse's neck4 ,to direct ! horse to ! "r1 ! h& %\ld quit ! fir/ position1 ! nails be turn$ upw>ds1 ! little f+] br\ght 9 t[>ds ! "r1 & ! ?umb mov$ to ! left3 ! left re9 w ?us press ! neck1 :ile ! "r "o is slack5$4 ,to /op ! horse1 or make him back1 ! nails %\ld be turn$1 f ! fir/ position1 upw>ds1 ! knuckles be rev]s$1 & ! wri/ be r\nd$ z mu* z possible4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,seat ,,& ,,balance4 ,! body %\ld always be 9 a situation1 z well to pres]ve ! balance1 z to ma9ta9 ! seat4 ,illu/ration ,"o ( ! mo/ common errors committ$ by ladies on horseback1 :o h n be5 prop]ly taught to ride is hang+ by ! ne> crut*1 s t1 in/ead ( be+ gracefully seat$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! saddle1 ) ! head 9 its prop] situation1 & ! %\ld]s ev51 ! body is incl9$ to ! left1 ! head is br\ght to ! "r by an inelegant b5d ( ! neck1 ! "r %\ld] is elevat$1 & ! left depress$4 ,to correct or avoid ^! & simil> faults1 is important4 ,all ! rid]'s movem5ts %\ld h>monize ) ! paces ( ! animal3 h] position %\ld be at once easy to h]self & to h] horse2 & alike calculat$ to ensure h] own safety & give h] a p]fect comm& ov] ! animal4 ,if %e sit 9 a c>eless1 ungraceful mann]1 ! action ( h] horse w be ! rev]se ( elegant4 ,a lady seldom appe>s to great] advantage ?an :5 m\nt$ on a f9e horse1 if h] deportm5t be graceful1 & h] positions correspond ) 8 paces & attitudes2 b ! rev]se is ! case1 if1 in/ead ( act+ )1 & influ5c+ ! movem5ts ( ! horse1 %e appe> to be toss$ to & fro1 & ov]come by !m4 ,%e %\ld rise1 desc5d1 advance1 & /op )1 & n aft] ! animal4 ,f ?is h>mony ( motion result ease1 elegance1 & ! mo/ brilliant effect4 ,! lady %\ld sit 9 su* a position1 t ! weight ( ! body may re/ on ! c5tre ( ! saddle4 ,"o %\ld] %\ld n be advanc$ m ?an ! o!r4 ,nei!r mu/ %e be> any weight on ! /irrup1 nor hang by ! crut* t[>ds ! ne> side4 ,%e ought n to suff] h]self to incl9e =w>d1 b p>tially backw>d4 ,if %e b5d =w>d1 h] %\ld]s w1 mo/ probably1 be r\nd$1 & h] weight ?r[n too mu* ^u ! horse's )]s3 9 addition to ^! disadvantages1 ! position w give h] an air ( timid gau*]ie4 ,lean+ a little backw>d1 on ! contr>y1 t5ds to br+ ! %\ld]s 91 keeps ! weight 9 its prop] be>+1 & produces an appe>ance ( graceful confid5ce4 ,! head %\ld be 9 an easy1 natural position3 t is1 nei!r droop+ =w>d nor ?r[n back2 nei!r lean+ to ! "r nor to ! left4 ,! bu/ %\ld be elegantly develop$1 by ?r[+ back ! %\ld]s1 advanc+ ! *e/1 & b5d+ ! back "p ( ! wai/ inw>d4 ,! elb[s %\ld be /eady1 & kept 9 an easy1 & app>5tly uncon/ra9$ position1 ne> ! sides4 ,! l[] "p ( ! arm %\ld =m a "r angle ) ! upp] "p1 :i* ought to desc5d almo/ p]p5dicul>ly f ! %\ld]4 ,! position ( ! h&s1 :5 bo? are occupi$ ) ! re9s1 or :5 ! re9s are held 9 "o only1 we h already notic$3 ! "r arm & h&1 9 ! latt] case1 may dep5d1 easily1 f ! %\ld]1 & ! :ip be held 9 ! f+]s1 ) ! la% d[nw>d1 betwe5 two f+]s & ! ?umb4 ,! :ip may also be c>ri$ 9 ! "r h&1 9 ! mann] adopt$ by g5tlem53 ! lady is n re/rict$ to any precise rules 9 ?is respect1 b may v>y ! position ( h] :ip arm z %e may ?9k fit1 s t %e d n p]mit x to appe> ungraceful4 ,%e mu/1 h[ev]1 take c>e t ! :ip be s c>ri$1 t its po9t d n tickle or irritate ! flank ( ! horse4 ,! /irrup is ( v little use except to support ! left foot & leg1 & to assi/ ! rid] to rise 9 ! trot3 g5]ally speak+1 !re=e1 z we h already rem>k$1 none ( ! weight ( ! body %\ld be ?r[n ^u ! /irrup4 ,! left leg mu/ n be cramp$ up1 b assume an easy & com=table position3 x %\ld nei!r be =c$ out1 s z to r5d] ! g5]al appe>ance ungraceful1 & ! leg itself fatigu$2 nor1 %\ld x be press$ close to ! horse1 except :5 us$ z an aid2 b desc5d gracefully by 8 side1 )\t be>+ aga9/ x4 ,al?\gh hang+ by ! left crut* ( ! saddle1 ov] ! ne> side1 is n only inelegant1 b objectionable 9 _m important respects1 ! ne> crut*1 prop]ly us$1 is a lady's pr9cipal dep5d5ce on horseback4 ,! "r knee be+ pass$ ov] ! ne> crut*1 ! toes be+ slightly depress$1 & ! leg press$ aga9/ ! =e "p ( ! saddle1 ! pommel is grasp$1 & ! rid] well secur$ 9 ! possession ( h] seat4 ,x is said1 t :5 a lady1 :ile h] horse is go+ at a sm>t trot1 c lean ov]1 on ! "r side1 f> en\gh to see ! horse's %oe1 %e may be suppos$ to h e/abli%$ a correct seat2 :i*1 we repeat1 %e %\ld sp>e no pa9s to acquire4 ,9 "s ( ! s*ools1 a pupil is (t5 direct$ to ride )\t ! /irrup1 &1 ) h] arms plac$ beh9d h]1 :ile ! ma/] holds ! long re91 & urges ! horse to v>i\s degrees ( spe$1 & 9 diff]5t directions1 9 ord] to settle h] firmly & gracefully on ! saddle1--to conv9ce h] t !re is security )\t ! /irrup1--& to tea* h] to accompany1 ) precision & ease1 ! v>i\s movem5ts ( ! horse4 ,no?+ c be m detrim5tal to ! grace ( a lady's appe>ance on horseback1 ?an a bad position3 a rec5t au?or says1 x is a sight t w\ld spoil ! f9e/ l&scape 9 ! _w4 ,:at c be mu* m ridicul\s1 ?an ! appe>ance ( a female1 ^: :ole frame1 ?r\gh mal-position1 seems to be ! sport ( e movem5t ( ! horse8 ,if ! lady be n mi/ress ( h] seat1 & be unable to ma9ta9 a prop] position ( h] limbs & body1 s soon z h] horse />ts into a trot1 %e runs ! risk ( be+ toss$ ab\t on ! saddle1 l ! ,halcyon ( ! poets 9 h] frail ne/1-- ,float+ ^u ! boi/]\s rude sea4 ,if ! animal %\ld cant]1 8 fair rid]'s head w be j]k$ to & fro z a vex$ wea!rcock2 h] drap]y w be bl[n ab\t1 in/ead ( fall+ gracefully ar\nd h]2 & h] elb[s rise & fall1 or1 z x 71 flap up & d[n l ! p9ions ( an awkw>d ne/l+ endeav\r+ to fly4 ,to avoid su* disagreeable similes be+ appli$ to h]1 ! "y lady1 :o aspires to be a good rid]1 %\ld1 ev5 f h] fir/ lesson 9 ! art1 /rive to obta9 a prop] deportm5t on ! saddle4 ,%e ought to be correct1 )\t seem+ /iff or =mal3 & easy1 )\t appe>+ slov5ly4 ,! position we h describ$1 subject to occasional v>iations1 w be f\nd1 by exp]i5ce1 to be ! mo/ natural & graceful mode ( sitt+ a horse3--x is easy to ! rid] & h] /e$2 & enables ! =m] to gov]n ! actions ( ! latt] s effectually1 9 all ord9>y cases1 z to produce t h>mony ( motion1 :i* is s mu* & s des]v$ly admir$4 ,! balance is conducive to ! ease1 elegance1 & security ( ! rid]3--x consi/s 9 a =ekn[l$ge ( ! direction :i* any giv5 motion ( ! horse w imp>t to ! body1 & a ready adaptation ( ! :ole frame to ! prop] position1 be=e ! animal has complet$ 8 *ange ( attitude or action2--x is t disposition ( ! p]son1 9 accordance ) ! movem5ts ( ! horse1 :i* prev5ts x f an undue incl9ation1 =w>d or backw>d1 to ! "r or to ! left4 ,by ! direction & motion ( ! horse's legs ! balance is gov]n$4 ,if ! animal be ei!r /&+ /ill1 or m]ely walk+ /raight-=w>d1 ! body %\ld be pres]v$ 9 ! simple position :i* we h direct$ ! lady to assume on tak+ h] seat4 ,%\ld x be necess>y to apply ! :ip1 s z to make ! animal quick5 8 pace1 or to pull him 9 sudd5ly1 ! body mu/ be prep>$ to accommodate itself to ! animal's *ange ( action4 ,:5 go+ r\nd a corn] at a brisk pace1 or rid+ 9 a circle1 ! body %\ld lean back r m ?an 9 ! walk+ position3 to ! same ext5t t ! horse b5ds inw>d1 mu/ ! body lean 9 t direction4 ,if a horse %y at any object1 & ei!r turn completely & sudd5ly r\nd1 or run on "o side only1 ! body %\ld1 if possible1 keep "t ) 8 movem5ts1 & adapt itself s z to turn or sw]ve ) him2 o!rwise1 ! balance w be lo/1 & ! rid] be 9 dang] ( fall+1 on ! side f :i* ! animal />ts4 ,9 no case1 let x be rememb]$1 %\ld ! rid] endeav\r to assi/ h]self 9 pres]v+ h] balance1 by pull+ at ! re9s4 ,illu/ration ,,aids ,,& ,,def5ces4 ,all su* motions ( ! body1 ! h&s1 ! legs1 & ! :ip1 z ei!r indicate ! rid]'s wi%es1 or1 9 "s degree1 assi/ ! horse to fulfil !m1 are1 9 ! art ( rid+1 d5om9at$ aids2 & ^? movem5ts ( ! rid] :i* t5d to save ! animal f disunit+ himself1 or runn+ into dang]1 may1 prop]ly en\gh1 be class$ "u ! same title3 :ile su* z act = ! pres]vation ( ! rid]1 aga9/ ! attempts ( ! horse1 :5 head/rong or vici\s1 are t]m$ def5ces4 ,! aids ( ! h& are consid]$ ! mo/ important3 all ! o!r actions ( ! rid] t5d+1 pr9cipally1 to assi/ ! bridle-h& & c>ry its op]ations into complete effect4 ,!re %\ld be a p]fect h>mony 9 ! aids2 & all ( !m ought to be gov]n$ by ^? ( ! re94 ,9 _m in/ances1 ! p[] ( a movem5t p]=m$ by ! h& may be de/roy$ by ! omission ( a correct accompany+ aid or def5ce1 ) ! body1 or ! leg4 ,?us3--if a horse re>1 x is useless = ! rid] to af=d him a slack re91 if %e d n also lean =w>d1 9 ord]1 by ?r[+ h] weight on 8 =e-p>ts1 to br+ him d[n1 & also to save h]self f fall+ backw>d ov] 8 haun*es4 ,%\ld ! rid]1 :5 h] horse rises1 slack5 ! re9s1 b reta9 h] usual position on ! saddle1 if he re> high1 %e mu/ necess>ily be ?r[n (f h] balance2 & !n1 if %e hang on ! bit1 9 ord] to save h]self f fall+1 !re is great dang] ( h] pull+ ! horse backw>d4 ,! aids & def5ces ( ! body are num]\s3 we %all attempt to describe a few ( !m2 ! residue mu/ be acquir$ by practice1 & ! lady's own obs]vation4 ,:5 ! rid] indicates by h] h& t %e wi%es ! horse to advance1 ! body %\ld be incl9$ =w>d 9 a slight degree2 & ! left leg 7) ! :ip1 also1 if ! animal be sluggi%1 or n well tra9$7 press$ to 8 side4 ,%\ld %e1 by pull+ ! re9 t[>ds h]1 or turn+ ! wri/ 9 ! mann] we h be=e direct$1 communicate h] desire to /op1 h] body ought1 at ! same "t1 to be ?r[n back1 ) g5tl5ess1 or o!rwise1 9 proportion to ! sev]ity ( ! action ( ! h& aga9/ ! horse's incl9ation to increase 8 spe$ contr>y to ! w ( 8 rid]1 or :5 he leaps1 kicks1 or plunges4 ,if a horse re>1 ! rid] %\ld lean =w>d m ?an 9 ! aid = ! advance3 b c>e mu/ be tak51 9 ?is case1 to p]=m ! def5ce ) discretion1 especially ) a pony1 or gall[ay2 =1 %\ld ! animal rise sudd5ly1 & ! rid] ?r[ h]self abruptly =w>d1 x is n improbable t he might give h] a viol5t bl[ on ! face ) ! top ( 8 head4 ,we h already m5tion$1 9 a previ\s "p ( our treatise1 ! direction :i* ! body %\ld take :5 rid+ 9 a circle1 turn+ a corn]1 or act+ z a def5ce aga9/ ! dang] att5dant ^u a horse's %y+4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 ! aid ( ! body1 if prop]ly p]=m$1 w c>ry ) x ! aid ( ! h&1 ! leg1 & ev5 ! :ip1 if x be held ne> ! horse's side4 ,we w expla9 ?is by an example3--,suppose ! rid] wi%es to turn a corn] on h] left2 %e incl9es a little t[>ds x1 draw+ h] left %\ld] 91 & ?ru/+ h] "r %\ld] r =w>d3 ! bridle-h& w ?us be drawn back on ! ne> side1 ! (f re9 w consequ5tly act on ! horse's neck1 & ! left leg be press$ close aga9/ ! ne> side2 s t all ! necess>y aids = effect+ h] object1 are p]=m$ by "o natural & easy movem5t4 ,! aids ( ! :ip1 on "o side1 correspond ) ^? ( ! leg1 on ! o!r3 !y are n only us$ 9 ! mann] we h already m5tion$1 :5 ! rid] wi%es h] horse to advance1 or increase 8 pace1 b also 9 cle>+ a corn]1 c4 ,if ! lady be desir\s ( turn+ to ! left1 %e may mat]ially aid ! op]ation ( ! h&1 :i* directs ! =e-p>ts ( ! horse to ! ne> side1 by press+ him ) h] /irrup leg1 s z to ?r[ 8 cr\p 9 "s degree to ! "r1 & !reby place x 9 a m prop] position to foll[ ! direction ( 8 %\ld]s4 ,9 turn+ to ! "r1 ! :ip may be made equally useful by driv+ out 8 cr\p to ! left4 ,! p[] ( ^! aids1 especially t ( ! :ip1 %\ld be increas$ z circum/ances require4 ,! aid :i* is suffici5t = "s horses1 may n be p[]ful en\gh by half = o!rs3 & ev5 )1 ! same animal1 :ile ! slighte/ pressure w produce ! desir$ effect 9 "s cases1 a mod]ate1 or1 ev51 a r sev]e1 la% ) ! :ip is necess>y 9 o!rs4 ,illu/ration ,,soo?+s1 ,,animations1 c4 ,! voice & ! h&1 ! leg1 & ! :ole body1 may be employ$ to soo! & enc\rage4 ,high-mettl$ or fretful horses1 x is (t5 necess>y to soo!1 & timid ones to enc\rage4 ,a spirit$ animal is frequ5tly impati5t :5 fir/ m\nt$1 or1 if a horse or a c>riage pass him at a quick rate2 & "s horses are ev5 s ard5t & animat$1 z to be unpleasant to ride :5 ) o!rs4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! cases1 ! rid] %\ld endeav\r to soo! h] horse1 by speak+ to him 9 a calm1 g5tle tone4 ,%e %\ld suff] ! :ip to be z motionless z possible1 & take ev5 m ?an usual c>e t its la% d n t\* ! flank4 ,h] seat %\ld be easy1 h] leg /ill1 & h] bridle-h& /eady4 ,! bit %\ld n be made to press on ! horse's m\? ) great] sev]ity ?an is necess>y to ma9ta9 ! rid]'s comm&2 &1 z ! horse gradually subsides f 8 animation1 its be>+ %\ld be proportionately relax$4 ,! p]fection ( soo?+ consi/s 9 ! rid]'s sitt+ s entirely /ill & easy1 z n to add 9 ! lea/ to ! horse's animation2--at ! same "t be+ on h] gu>d1 s z to be able to effect any ( h] def5ces 9 an in/ant1 %\ld occasion r5d] !m ne$ful4 ,!re is sc>cely any diff]5ce betwe5 soo?+s & enc\ragem5ts2 except t1 9 ! latt]1 x is advisable to pat1 &1 z x 71 c>ess ! horse ) ! "r h&1 hold+ ! :ip 9 ! left4 ,a %y or timid horse may (t5 be enc\rag$ to pass an object t al>ms him1 to cross a bridge1 ent] a gateway1 or take a leap1 :5 =ce & correction w\ld only add to 8 fe>1 &1 p]haps1 r5d] him incorrigibly ob/9ate4 ,animations are int5d$ to produce great] spe$1 or1 to r5d] ! horse m lively & on ! al]t1 )\t increas+ 8 pace4 ,"s animals sc>cely ev] require animations2 :ile o!rs are s dull & defici5t 9 mettle z to call !m frequ5tly into use4 ,! slighte/ movem5t ( ! body1 ! h&1 or ! leg1 is en\gh to r\se ! well-br$ & ?or\ghly-tra9$ animal2 b x is necess>y = ! animations to be s spirit$ & unit$1 ) sluggi% horses1 z almo/ to become corrections3 9 fact1 :at is a m]e animation to "o horse1 w\ld be a positive correction to ano!r4 ,! aids ( ! h&1 ! :ip1 ! leg1 & ! body1 :i* we h be=e describ$1 are animations2 s1 also1 are patt+s ) ! h&1 ! tones ( ! voice1 c4 ,animations %\ld be us$ 9 all cases1 :5 ! horse1 contr>y to ! rid]'s incl9ation1 ei!r decreases 8 spe$1 droops 8 head1 be>s heavily & languidly on ! bit1 or1 beg9s to be lazy or slov5ly 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 paces4 ,a good rid] =esees ! necessity ( an animation be=e ! horse actually abates 8 spe$1 or loses ! ensemble ( 8 action1 & ! grace & _s ( 8 deportm5t4 ,x is mu* easi] to keep up1 ?an to re/ore1 a horse's animation3 !re=e1 ! :ip1 ! leg1 ! h&1 or ! tongue1 %\ld d its (fice a few mom5ts be=e1 r ?an at1 ! mom5t :5 its movem5ts are indisp5sable4 ,a slight motion ( ! f+]s ( ! bridle-h& s]ves z an excell5t animation3 x rem9ds ! horse ( 8 duty1 awak5s ! s5sibility ( 8 m\?1 & pres]ves a prop] correspond5ce betwe5 t & ! h&4 ,illu/ration ,,corrections4 ,ladies c]ta9ly ought n to ride horses :i* require extraord9>y correction4 ,= num]\s reasons1 :i* mu/ occur to our read]s1 a lady %\ld nev] be se5 9 ! act ( positively flogg+ h] /e$3 su* a sight w\ld de/roy e previ\s idea t _h be5 =m$ ( h] grace or g5tl5ess4 ,mod]ate corrections are1 h[ev]1 sometimes necess>y2 & ! fair rid] %\ld make no scruple ( hav+ rec\rse to !m :5 absolutely ne$ful1 b n o!rwise4 ,a/ley1 9 8 "w on ! managem5t ( ! horse1 aft] v prop]ly recomm5d+ all qu>rels betwe5 ! /e$ & 8 rid] to be avoid$1 obs]ves1 t too mu* indulg5ce may induce ! horse to consid] t y are afraid ( him2 &1 our au?or adds1 if he %\ld once ?9k y are really s1 y w f9d he w ex]cise e means to conv9ce y t he consid]s himself y\r ma/]1 in/ead ( ackn[l$g+1 by implicit ob$i5ce1 t y are 84 ,^?1 :o imag9e t a horse is to be correct$ only ) ! :ip1 are v mu* mi/ak54 ,! aids & animations ( ! leg1 ! bridle-h&1 ! body1 & ! voice1 may be made suffici5tly sev]e to correct & r5d] a horse ob$i5t 9 all ord9>y cases4 ,sev]e flogg+ seldom produces any good effect2 &1 9 mo/ conte/s betwe5 a horse & 8 rid]1 :5 bo? get out ( temp]1 ! =m] usually ga9s "s important advantage4 ,! be/ way to correct a horse is to di%e>t51 & make him d :at he w\ld fa9 avoid2--n s mu* by =ce & ob/9ate resolution1 9 conte/+ op5ly & directly ) him1 :5 he is p]fectly prep>$ to resi/1 z1 by a cool opposition & indirect means4 ,!re are diff]5t me?ods ( atta9+ ! same end2 & ^? :i* are ! lea/ obvi\s to ! animal %\ld be adopt$3 a lady _c rival him 9 physical /r5g?1 b %e may conqu] him by m]e +5uity1 or subdue him by a calm1 det]m9$ assumption ( sup]ior p[]4 ,illu/ration ,,vices4 ,"s horses are addict$ to a v tr\blesome & vici\s habit ( turn+ r\nd sudd5ly1--we d n "h allude to %yness1 b re/iv5ess1--)\t exhibit+ any previ\s symptom ( _! int5tion4 ,a horse soon asc]ta9s t ! left h& is weak] ?an ! "r1 &1 consequ5tly1 less able to oppose him2 he1 !re=e1 turns on ! (f side1 & ) su* =ce & sudd5ness1 t x is almo/ impossible1 ev5 if ! rid] be prep>$ = ! attack1 to prev5t him4 ,9 ?is case1 x w\ld be unwise to make ! attempt3 ! rid] w\ld be foil$1 & ! horse become enc\rag$1 by 8 success 9 ! /ruggle1 to make simil> endeav\rs to h 8 own way1 or dism\nt 8 rid]4 ,! bett] plan is1 in/ead ( endeav\r+ to prev5t him f turn+1 ) ! left h&1 to pull him %>ply ) ! "r1 until 8 head has made a complete circle1 & he f9ds1 to 8 a/oni%m5t1 t he is precisely 9 ! place f :i* he />t$4 ,%\ld he repeat ! turn1 on ! rid]'s attempt+ to urge him on1 %e %\ld pull him r\nd1 on ! same side1 ?ree or f\r times1 & assi/ ! p[] ( ! h& 9 s do+1 by a sm>t aid ( ! :ip1 or ! leg4 ,:ile ?is is do+1 %e mu/ take c>e to pres]ve h] balance1 by an incl9ation ( h] body to ! c5tre ( ! circle describ$ by ! horse's head4 ,! same plan may be pursu$ :5 a horse endeav\rs to turn a corn]1 contr>y to ! wi% ( 8 rid]2 &1 if he be successfully baffl$1 ?ree or f\r times1 x is mo/ probable t he w n r5ew 8 endeav\rs4 ,on ! same pr9ciple1 :5 a horse refuses to advance1 & :ipp+ w\ld increase 8 ob/9acy1 or make him re>1 or bolt away 9 a diff]5t direction1 x is advisable to make him walk backw>d1 until he ev9ces a will+ness to advance4 ,a runaway might1 9 _m in/ances1 be cur$ ( 8 vice by be+ suff]$ to gallop1 un*eck$1 & be+ urg$ =w>d1 :5 he %ew$ an incl9ation to abate 8 spe$1 r ?an by attempt+ to pull him 93 b ?is rem$y is1 9 mo/ situations1 dang]\s1 ev5 = m52 & all o!r means %\ld be tri$ be=e x is resort$ to by a lady4 ,%\ld our fair "y read] h ! mis=tune to be m\nt$ on a runaway1 %e may avoid evil consequ5ces1 if %e c contrive to reta9 h] self-possession1 & act z we are ab\t to direct4 ,%e mu/ endeav\r to ma9ta9 h] seat1 at all haz>ds1 & to pres]ve ! be/ balance1 or position ( body1 to c>ry h] def5ces into op]ation4 ,! lea/ symptom ( al>m1 on h] "p1 w increase ! t]ror or det]m9ation ( ! horse4 ,a dead heavy pull at ! bridle w r aid him1 ?an o!rwise1 9 8 spe$1 & prev5t h] f hav+ suffici5t ma/]y ov] 8 m\? & h] own h&s to guide him4 ,%e mu/1 !re=e1 hold ! re9s 9 su* a mann] z to keep ! horse toge!r :5 at ! height ( 8 pace1 & to guide him f runn+ aga9/ any?+ 9 8 c\rse2 &1 x is mo/ probable t he w soon abate 8 spe$1 & gradually subside into a mod]ate pace4 ,saw+ ! m\? 7t is1 pull+ ea* re9 alt]nately7 w frequ5tly br+ a horse up1 9 a few m9utes4 ,slack5+ ! re9s = an in/ant1 & !n j]k+ !m ) =ce1 may also produce a simil> effect3 b1 if ! latt] mode be adopt$1 ! rid] mu/ take c>e t ! horse1 by /opp+ sudd5ly1 d n br+ h] on 8 neck1 or ?r[ h] ov] 8 head4 ,9 :atev] mann] ! runaway be /opp$1 x is advisable = ! lady to be on ! al]t1 le/ he %\ld become s disunit$1 by ! op]ation1 z to fall4 ,our read]s may ?9k1 p]haps1 t ?is advice1 h[ev] easy to give1 is difficult to foll[3 we beg leave1 h[ev]1 to tell !m1 t al?\gh x is n s easy z draw+ on a glove1 or replac+ a /ray curl1 x is mu* m practicable ?an !y may imag9e2 ?\gh1 we tru/1 !y may nev] h occasion to put x to ! pro(4 ,!re is ano!r situation1 9 :i* x is advisable to =ce ! horse1 app>5tly1 to h 8 own way1 9 ord] to baffle 8 attempts4 ,re/ive horses1 or ev5 docile animals1 :5 put out ( temp]1 sometimes endeav\r to cru% _! rid]s' legs aga9/ walls1 gates1 trees1 po/s1 c4 ,an inexp]i5c$ lady1 "u su* circum/ances1 w\ld /rive to pull ! horse away2 b h] ex]tions w\ld be unavail+3 ! animal w\ld feel t he c\ld ma/] ! opposition1 & ?us discov]+ ! rid]'s weakness1 turn x to h] disadvantage on future occasions4 ,we _c too (t5 repeat1 t1 al?\gh a rid] %\ld n desi/ until %e h subdu$ h] horse1 %e mu/ nev] ent] into an op51 undisguis$ conte/ ) him4 ,x is useless to attack him on a po9t :i* he is resolute 9 def5d+3 ! assault %\ld r be direct$ to 8 weak] side4 ,if he =tify himself 9 "o place1 he mu/ proportionately dim9i% 8 p[]s ( def5ce 9 ano!r4 ,he anticipates & prep>es to resi/ any attempt to ov]come him on 8 /rong side2 & 8 a/oni%m5t at be+ attack$ on ! o!r1 & ) success1 on acc\nt ( 8 weakness 9 t qu>t]1 goes f> to di%e>t5 & subdue him4 ,if he plant himself 9 a position ( resi/ance aga9/ be+ =c$ to advance1 x is a matt] ( v little difficulty to make him g back4 ,if he appe> to be det]m9$ n to g to ! "r1 ! rid] may1 on acc\nt ( ! mode 9 :i* he disposes 8 body & limbs1 turn him1 ) great facility1 to ! left4 ,if he /& /ock-/ill1 & w n move 9 any direction1 8 crime may be made 8 puni%m5t3 ! rid]1 9 su* case1 %\ld sit pati5tly until he %ew a disposition to advance1 :i* he probably w 9 a v %ort "t1 :5 he discov]s t %e is n annoy$ by 8 /&+ /ill4 ,no?+ w subdue a horse s soon z ?is mode ( turn+ 8 attacks aga9/ himself1 & mak+ 8 def5ces appe> acts ( ob$i5ce to ! rid]'s incl9ation4 ,:51 !re=e1 a horse vici\sly runs on "o side t[>ds a wall1 pull 8 head =cibly 9 ! same direction &1 if1 by ! aid ( ! leg or :ip1 y c drive 8 cr\p out1 y may succe$ 9 back+ him completely away f x4 ,x is by no means improbable1 t :5 he f9ds t 8 rid] is incl9$ to g to ! wall z well z himself1 he w desi/4 ,%\ld he n1 8 cr\p may be s turn$1 outw>d1 t he _c d 8 rid] any mis*ief4 ,9 %y+1 ! same pr9ciple may be act$ ^u1 m advantage\sly1 p]haps1 ?an 9 any o!r case4 ,%\ld ! lady's horse be al>m$ at any object1 &1 in/ead ( go+ up to1 or pass+ x1 turn r\nd1 ! rid] %\ld manage him z we h recomm5d$ 9 cases :]e ! horse turns1 ?r\gh re/iv5ess4 ,he %\ld !n be soo!d & enc\rag$1 r ?an urg$ by correction1 to approa*1 or pass1 ! object t al>ms him3 to attempt to =ce him up to x w\ld be ridicul\s & dang]\s4 ,if ! horse sw]ve f an object1 & try to pass x at a brisk rate1 x is useless to pull him t[>ds x2 =1 if y succe$ 9 br++ 8 head on "o side1 8 cr\p w be turn$ outw>d1 & 8 legs "w 9 an opposite direction4 ,?is resi/ance w increase proportionately to ! ex]tions made by ! rid]4 ,a horse1 9 ?is mann]1 may fly f imag9>y1 into real dang]2 = he _c see :]e he is go+1 nor :at he may run aga9/4 ,pull+ 9 ! re91 !re=e1 on ! side f :i* ! horse %ies1 is improp]2 x %\ld r be slack5$1 & ! horse's head turn$ away f ! object :i* t]rifies him4 ,by ?is mode1 a triple advantage is ga9$3 9 ! fir/ place1 ! horse's att5tion is div]t$ to o!r ?+s2 secondly1--! dread$ object loses half its t]ror :5 he f9ds no int5tion manife/$ on ! rid]'s "p to =ce him ne>] to x2 &1 la/ly1--he is enabl$ to see1 &1 consequ5tly1 avoid any dang] 9 front1 or on ! o!r side ( him4 ,a horse may be coax$ & enc\rag$ to g up to ! object t al>ms him2 &1 if ! rid] succe$ 9 mak+ him approa* x1 a b5eficial effect w be produc$3 ! horse w discov] t 8 fe>s 7 gr\ndless1 & be less likely to />t aga9 f any simil> cause4 ,aft] ! fir/ impulse ( t]ror has subsid$1 ! animal1 if prop]ly manag$1 w ev5 manife/ an incl9ation to approa* & exam9e ! object t al>m$ him3 b1 :ile he is s do+1 ! rid] mu/ be on h] gu>d2 = ! lea/ movem5t1 or timidity1 on h] "p1--! ru/l+ ( a leaf1 or ! pass+ ( a %ad[1--w1 9 all probability1 fright5 him aga91 & he w />t r\nd m viol5tly ?an be=e4 ,aft] ?is1 x w be exce$+ly difficult to br+ him up to ! object4 ,a/ley1 h[ev]1 :om we h be=e quot$1 says1 t %\ld ! fir/ trial prove unsuccessful1 x mu/ be repeat$1 until y succe$2 add+1 t ! second attempt %\ld n be made until ! horse's fe>s h subsid$1 & 8 confid5ce return$4 ,a horse t is r %y1 may1 9 _m cases1 be prev5t$ f />t+1 by ! rid] turn+ 8 head a little away f ^? objects1 :i*1 %e kn[s by exp]i5ce1 are likely to al>m him1 z well be=e %e approa*es z :ile %e passes !m4 ,a lady1 c]ta9ly1 %\ld n ride a horse addict$ to %y+1 /umbl+1 re>+1 or any o!r vice3 b %e ought1 nev]!less1 to be prep>$ aga9/ ! occurr5ce ( ei!r2 =1 h[ev] c>eful & judici\s ^? p]sons1 by :om h] horse is select$1 may be1 & h[ev] long a trial %e may h _h ( 8 temp] & m]its1 %e _c be sure1 :5 %e takes ! re9s1 t %e may n h to use h] def5ces aga9/ re>+ or kick+1 or be requir$ to ex]cise h] skill to save h]self f ! dang]s att5dant on />t+ or /umbl+1 be=e %e dism\nts4 ,! quiete/ horse may exhibit symptoms ( vice1 ev5 )\t any app>5t cause1 aft] _m ye>s ( good behavi\r2 ! be/-temp]$ are n immaculate1 nor ! sure/-foot$ infallible3 x is wise1 !re=e1 to be prep>$4 ,/umbl+ is n m]ely unpleasant1 b dang]\s4 ,to ride a horse t is apt to trip1 is l dwell+ 9 a ru93 we _c be com=table if we feel t we are unsafe2 &1 truly1 !re is no safety on ! back ( a /umbl+ nag4 ,! be/ advice we c (f] our read]1 z to su* an animal1 is nev] to ride him aft] 8 dem]its are discov]$3 al?\gh ! be/ horse 9 ! _w1 may1 we mu/ confess1 make a false /ep1 & ev5 break 8 knees4 ,:5 a horse trips1 8 head %\ld be rais$ & support$1 by elevat+ ! h&2 & ! lady %\ld in/antly ?r[ h]self back1 s z to relieve 8 %\ld]s f h] weight4 ,x is useless to :ip a horse aft] /umbl+ 7z x is1 also1 aft] %y+72 =1 x is cle>1 he w\ld n run ! risk ( break+ 8 knees1 or 8 nose1 if he c\ld help x4 ,if a horse be con/antly puni%$ = /umbl+1 ! mom5t he has recov]$ f a false /ep1 he w />t =w>d1 flurri$ & disunit$1 9 fe> ( ! :ip1 & n only put ! rid] to inconv5i5ce1 b run ! risk ( a repetition ( 8 mi%ap1 be=e he rega9s 8 self-possession4 ,x be+ g5]ally ! practice1--& a v bad practice x is1--= rid]s to correct horses aft] hav+ made a false /ep1 an habitual /umbl] may be easily detect$4 ,:5 a horse1 t is tol]ably safe1 makes a false /ep1 he ga!rs himself up1 & is slightly animat$ = a mom5t or two only1 or goes on z if no?+ _h happ5$2 b if he be an old (f5d]1 he w rememb] ! puni%m5t he has repeat$ly receiv$ imm$iately aft] a /umble1 & da% =w>d 9 ! mann] we h describ$1 expect+ ! usual flagellation = 8 mis=tune4 ,:5 a horse ev9ces any disposition to kick1 or re>1 ! re9s %\ld be sep>at$1 & held by bo? h&s1 9 ! mann] we h describ$ 9 a previ\s page4 ,?is %\ld also be done :5 he attempts to run away1 gr[s re/ive1 or %ies4 ,! body %\ld also be put 9 its prop] balance = p]=m+ ! def5ces3 ! %\ld]s %\ld be ?r[n back1 ! wai/ br\ght =w>d1 & ! head well pois$ on ! neck4 ,e "p ( ! frame mu/ be flexible1 b p]fectly ready = action4 ,illu/ration ,! pr9cipal dang] att5dant on ! horse's re>+ is1 t ! rid] may fall ov] ! cr\p1 &1 p]haps1 pull ! horse backw>d ^u h]4 ,to prev5t ei!r ( ^! consequ5ces1 imm$iately t a horse rises1 slack5 ! re9s1 & b5d ! body =w>d1 s z to ?r[ its weight on 8 %\ld]s2 & ! mom5t 8 =e-feet come to ! gr\nd1--hav+ recov]$ y\r position1 gradually1 z he desc5ds1--correct him sm>tly1 if he w be> x2 or1 endeav\r to pull him r\nd two or ?ree times1 & ?us div]t him f 8 object4 ,! latt] c\rse may also be adopt$ to prev5t 8 re>+1 if ! rid] %\ld =esee 8 int5tion4 ,a horse t displays any symptoms ( kick+1 %\ld be held tight 9 h&4 ,:ile 8 head is well kept up1 he _c d mu* mis*ief ) 8 heels4 ,illu/ration ,if1 h[ev]1 :5 ! rid] is unprep>$1 9 spite ( h] ex]tions he %\ld get 8 head d[n1 %e mu/ endeav\r1 by means ( ! re9s1 to prev5t ! animal f ?r[+ himself2 & also1 by a prop] incl9ation ( h] body backw>d1 to save h]self f be+ ?r[n =w>d4 ,%\ld an opportunity occur1 %e mu/ endeav\r to give him two or ?ree %>p turns3 ?is may also be done1 ) advantage1 if %e detect any incipi5t attempts 9 ! animal to kick4 ,a horse incl9$ to re> seldom kicks mu*3 b he may d bo? alt]nately2 & ! rid] %\ld be prep>$ aga9/ 8 attempts1 by keep+ h] balance 9 read9ess = ei!r ( ! oppon5t def5ces4 ,%e mu/ also take c>e1 t1 :ile %e is hold+ h] horse's head up & well 9 h& to keep him f kick+1 %e d n cause him to re>1 by too great a degree ( pressure on 8 m\?4 ,illu/ration ,,ex]cises ,,9 ,,! ,,paces4 ,al?\gh our limits w n p]mit u to ent] into an elaborate detail ( ! lessons tak5 by a pupil 9 ! rid+ s*ool1 x is "r t we %\ld give ! le>n] a few useful h9ts on ! rudim5ts ( rid+1 & n devote our :ole space to ! improvem5t ( ^? :o h made consid]able progress4 ,:ile we endeav\r to correct bad habits 9 ! self-taught arti/1--9 ! pupil ( a k9d fri5d1 an affectionate relative1 or ( a m]e groom1--to confirm ! regul>ly educat$ eque/rian 9 ! true pr9ciples & practice ( ! art1--to rem9d h] ( :at %e has =gott51 & to improve ^u ! k %e may h acquir$1--we mu/ n =get ^? among our "y fri5ds1 :o1 hav+ nev] m\nt$ a horse1 are desir\s ( le>n+ h[ to ride ) grace & propriety1 & :o dwell at a di/ance1 or d n feel incl9$ to take lessons1 f a ma/]4 ,to su*1 "o-?ird1 at lea/1 ( our prec$+ obs]vations are applicable2 & we recomm5d an att5tive p]usal ( :at we h said1 z to ,m\nt+1 ! ,aids1 c41 be=e !y aspire to ! saddle4 ,our o!r rem>ks !y w f9d useful :5 !y h acquir$ a little practice4 ,a quiet & well-tra9$ horse1 & a c>eful att5dant1 %\ld1 if possible1 be procur$4 ,a horse1 t kn[s 8 duty1 w almo/ in/ruct 8 rid]2 & if a fri5d1 :o is accu/om$ to horses1 or a c>eful s]vant1 accompany ! pupil1 !re is little or no?+ to fe>1 ev5 9 ! fir/ attempts4 ,! fri5d1 or groom1 may also1 by 8 advice1 mat]ially assi/ ! le>n] 9 h] progress4 ,x w\ld be ne$less = u to repeat our advice z to ! mann] ( m\nt+1 hold+ ! re9s1 mak+ ! horse advance1 /op1 turn1 c41 or ! prop] disposition ( ! body & limbs3 all ^!1 9 h] e>ly lessons1 ! pupil %\ld gradually practise4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,walk4 ,let ! pupil walk ! horse =w>d 9 a /raight l9e1 & at a sl[ rate1 support+ 8 head 9 su* a mann] z to make him keep "t 9 ! beats ( 8 pace2 b n hold+ ! re9s s tight z to imp$e ! measurem5t ( 8 /eps1 or to make him break into a trot on be+ slightly animat$4 ,! h& %\ld be s held1 t x may delicately1 b di/9ctly1 feel1 by ! op]ation ( ! horse's m\? on ! re9s1 e beat ( 8 action4 ,if he d n ex]t himself suffici5tly1 he %\ld be some:at animat$4 ,%\ld he break into a trot1 he mu/ be *eck$ by ! re9s2 b ! pull mu/ nei!r be s firm nor cont9u$ z to make him /op4 ,! mom5t he obeys ! re9 & drops into a walk1 ! h& is to be relax$4 ,%\ld he require animat+ aga91 ! movem5t = t purpose mu/ be m g5tle ?an be=e1 le/ he once m break into a trot4 ,illu/ration ,aft] walk+ 9 a /raight l9e = a %ort "t1 ! lady %\ld practise ! turn to ! "r & to ! left2 alt]nately us+ bo? h&s 9 ^! op]ations1 9 ! mann] direct$ 9 a previ\s page4 ,%e mu/ obs]ve1 t :5 %e pulls ! "r re9 9 ord] to turn ! horse on t side1 ! o!r h& mu/ be relax$ & l[]$1 or advanc$1 to slack5 ! left re9 & ease ! horse's m\?1 & vice v]s4 ,if ! horse d n readily obey ! h& 9 turn+1 or br+ =w>d 8 cr\p suffici5tly1 he mu/ be urg$ to ?r[ himself m on ! bit1 by an animation ( ! leg or :ip4 ,! animations1 dur+ ! fir/ lessons1 %\ld be comm5c$ ) great g5tl5ess1 & ! rid] w easily discov]1 by a little exp]i5ce1 to :at degree x is necess>y to increase !m1 9 ord] to procure ob$i5ce4 ,?is obs]vation %\ld be att5d$ to1 7 x only = ! pupil's safety2 =1 if %e beg9 ) h] animations above ! horse's _s1 8 c\rage w be s rais$ z to endang]1 or1 at lea/1 al>m h]1 & ?us r5d] :at w\ld o!rwise be an agreeable ex]cise1 unpleasant4 ,aft] ! pupil has practis$ walk+ 9 a /raight l9e1 & turn+ on ei!r side1 = a few days1 %e may walk 9 a circle1 & soon make h] horse :eel1 *ange1 demi-volt1 c4 ,! circle %\ld be l>ge at fir/2 b :5 ! pupil has acquir$ h] prop] equilibrium1 c41 x mu/1 day by day1 be gradually contract$4 ,9 rid+ r\nd a circle1 ! inn] re9 %\ld be r l[]$1 & ! body incl9$ inw>d4 ,?is incl9ation mu/ be increas$ dur+ succe$+ lessons1 z ! circle is contract$1 & ! pupil quick5s ! pace ( h] horse4 ,%e mu/ practise 9 ! l>ge circle1 until %e is able1 by h] h&s & aids1 to make ! horse p]=m x correctly4 ,! inside re9 mu/ be delicately act$ ^u2 if x be j]k$1 at di/ant int]vals1 or borne ^u1 )\t int]mission1 ! horse1 9 ! =m] case1 w sw]ve 9 & out1 &1 9 ! latt]1 ! rid]'s h&1 & ! animal's m\?1 w bo? become1 9 "s degree1 dead5$2 & ?us _! correspond5ce w be decreas$4 ,9 ord] to procure correct action1 ! inn] re9 %\ld be alt]nately borne on 9 a v slight degree1 & relax$ ! next in/ant1--! h& keep+ exact "t 9 its op]ations ) ! cad5ce ( ! horse's feet4 ,! direction is to be frequ5tly *ang$2 ! pupil alt]nately work+ to ! "r & ! left1 s z to br+ bo? h] h&s into practice4 ,illu/ration ,z soon z ! rid] becomes tol]ably well confirm$ 9 h] seat & balance1 & 9 ! p]=mance ( ! simple aids & animations1 z well 9 l>ge z small circles1 %e %\ld beg9 to ride 9 d\ble circles2 at fir/ ( consid]able diamet]1 b decreas+ !m1 by degrees1 z %e improves4 ,rid+ 9 d\ble circles1 is guid+ ! horse to p]=m a figure ( #h2 & ?is1 9 ! language ( ! rid+-s*ool1 is effect+ ! l>ge & n>r[ *ange1 accord+ to ! size ( ! circles4 ,! numb] ( ! circles may be increas$1 & ! sizes v>i$1 ) great advantage bo? to ! rid] & ! horse4 ,!y may be at "s di/ance f ea* o!r1 & ! horse be guid$ to "w f "o to ! o!r diagonally4 ,?us1 suppose he />ts f a1 he may be made to leave ! upp] circle at e1 & ent] ! l[] "o at d2 leave x at c1 & ent] ! fir/ aga9 at b2 & s cont9ue = "s "t3 !n1 beg9n+ at f1 to quit ! l[] circle at c1 ent] ! upp] "o at b1 leave x at e1 & ent] ! l[] circle aga9 at d4 ,?us1 ! position ( ! rid] & horse are alt]nately *ang$1 f work+ f ! "r to a /raight l9e1 !nce to ! left1 !nce to a /raight l9e1 & !nce aga9 to ! "r4 ,to give an in/ance ( rid+ 9 a great] numb] ( circles1 ( diff]5t diamet]s1 let ! horse />t f a 7see figure1 p4 #gg71 & leave ! upp] circle at b1 trav]s+ to ! out] small circle at c1 pass+ r\nd1 s z to ent] ! inn] circle at e1 & go+ r\nd1 by f1 to g2 quitt+ x at g1 & ent]+ ! l[] circle at h2 quitt+ ! latt] aga91 aft] pass+ r\nd i1 at k1 & !nce proce$+ t[>ds ! out] small circle2 ent]+ at l1 go+ r\nd & ent]+ ! inn] circle at e1 pass+ r\nd1 & quitt+ x at f1 to return aga9 to a1 by ent]+ ! upp] circle at m4 ,^! ex]cises may be div]sifi$ 9 v>i\s ways2 ! pupil1 = in/ance1 may p]=m ! upp] circle1 & "o or bo? ( ! pair bel[1 return to ! upp] circle1 cross f t1 diagonally1 to ! l[] circle1 quit x1 at h or k1 to p]=m "o ( ! middle circles1 return to ! l[] circle aga91 pass !nce to ! o!r middle circle1 & quit x at c or f 7z ! case may happ571 to return to ! upp] circle aga94 ,no?+ c be m b5eficial ?an ?is v>iety ( action2 x t5ds at once to confirm ! pupil 9 h] seat2 to ex]cise h] 9 h] balance & aids2 & to r5d] ! horse ob$i5t3 :ile1 if he be kept 9 only "o direction1 he w p]=m ! figure me*anically1 )\t ei!r improv+ 8 own m\? & action1 or ! rid]'s h&s1 aids1 or balance4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! art ( rid+1 work+ on a circle is call$ a volt2 9 angles1 or a zig-zag direction1 *anges rev]se2 & on half a circle f a l9e1 a demi-volt4 ,^! figures may fir/ be p]=m$ sep>ately2 b !re c be no objection to ! demi-volt & *anges rev]se be+ aft]w>ds embodi$ 9 ! ex]cises on circles4 ,z 9 ! la/ figure1 ! lady may "w f a 9 ! mode direct$1 = "s "t2 !n p]=m ! v>iations1 by go+ across f a to b1 & describe a demi-volt r\nd by c e to a2 !n return f a to b1 & "w a demi-volt1 9 an opposite direction1 f b to a3 !nce1 ! lady may proce$ 9 a l9e1 ent] ! l[] circle at d1 & re-comm5ce rid+ 9 circles4 ,! *ange rev]se may at any "t be p]=m$1 by quitt+ ! upp] circle at e or f1 & work+ on ! trav]s+ l9es1 s z to cross ! l[] circle at g or h1 & ent] x at i or k4 ,9 fact1 ^! ex]cises may be v>i$1 ad libitum2 & ! m !y are div]sifi$1 ! great] advantage ! lady w d]ive f !m1 provid$ %e p]sev]e until %e c p]=m "o figure ) accuracy1 be=e %e ent] ^u ano!r t is m complicat$4 ,%\ld ! horse1 9 *ang+1 yield 8 head1 b )hold 8 cr\p s z to de/roy ! union ( 8 action1 or m> ! p]fection ( ! *ange1 ! rid] %\ld br+ x to ! prop] position1 or sequ5ce1 by an aid ( ! :ip or leg1 z ! case may be4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,trot4 ,illu/ration ,! lady %\ld beg9 to practise ?is pace z soon z %e is tol]ably p]fect 9 ! walk+ lessons4 ,x w be z well = h]1 at fir/1 to trot 9 a /raight l9e3 %e may !n "w 9 ! l>ge circle1 & proce$1 gradually1 ?r\gh mo/ ( ! figures :i* %e has p]=m$ 9 a walk4 ,to make ! horse advance f a walk to a trot1 draw upw>ds ! little f+] ( ea* h& 7or t ( ! left h& only1 :5 ! pupil has advanc$ en\gh to hold ! re9s 9 "o h&71 & turn !m t[>ds ! body3 an animation ( ! leg or :ip %\ld accompany ?is motion4 ,! trot %\ld be comm5c$ mod]ately3 if ! horse />t (f too rapidly1 or increase ! pace beyond ! rid]'s incl9ation1 %e mu/ *eck him by clos+ ! h&s firmly2 &1 if t w n suffice1 by draw+ ! little f+]s upw>ds & t[>ds ! body4 ,?is mu/ n be done by a j]k1 b delicately & gradually2 &1 z soon z ! prop] effect is produc$1 ! re9s are aga9 to be slack5$4 ,if ! horse d n advance ) suffici5t spe$1 or d n br+ up 8 haun*es well1 ! animations us$ at />t+ him are to be repeat$4 ,:5 ! horse proce$s to ! trot1 ! lady mu/ endeav\r to pres]ve h] balance1 /ead9ess & pliancy1 z 9 ! walk4 ,! rise 9 trott+ is to be acquir$ by practice4 ,:5 ! horse1 9 8 action1 raises ! rid] f h] seat1 %e %\ld advance h] body1 & re/ a consid]able portion ( h] weight on ! "r knee2 by means ( :i*1 & by be>+ ! left foot on ! /irrup1 %e may return to h] =m] position )\t be+ j]k$2 ! "r knee & ! left foot1 us$ 9 ! same mann]1 w also aid h] 9 ! rise4 ,p>ticul> att5tion mu/ be paid to ! g5]al position ( ! body :ile trott+3 9 ?is pace1 ord9>y rid]s frequ5tly rise to ! left1 :i* is a v bad practice1 & mu/ positively be avoid$4 ,! lady %\ld also take c>e n to raise h]self too high2 ! clos] %e ma9ta9s h] seat1 consi/5tly ) h] own com=t1 ! bett]4 ,,! ,,cant]4 ,! :ole ( ! ex]cises on circles %\ld next be p]=m$ 9 a cant]2 :i* may be comm5c$ f a %ort b animat$ trot1 a walk1 or ev5 a /op4 ,if ! horse be well tra9$1 a slight pressure ( ! :ip & leg1 & an elevation ( ! horse's head1 by means ( ! re9s1 w make him /rike into a cant]4 ,%\ld he misund]/&1 or disobey ^! indications ( ! rid]'s w1 by m]ely increas+ 8 walk or trot1 or go+ into ! trot f a walk1 z ! case may be1 he is to be press$ =w>d on ! bit by an increas$ animation ( ! leg & :ip2--! re9s1 at ! same "t1 be+ held m firmly1 9 ord] to re/ra9 him f advanc+ too rapidly to br+ 8 haun*es well "u him2 = ! support ( :i*1 9 ?is position1 he w keep bo? 8 h9d feet = a mom5t on ! gr\nd1 :ile he comm5ces ! cant] by rais+ 8 =e feet toge!r4 ,illu/ration ,! cant] is by f> ! mo/ elegant & agreeable ( all ! paces1 :5 prop]ly p]=m$ by ! horse & rid]3 its p]fection consi/s 9 its union & animation1 r ?an its spe$4 ,x is usual ) le>n]s :o practise )\t a ma/]1 to beg9 ! cant] previ\sly to ! trot2 b we are support$ by good au?ority 9 recomm5d+1 t ! lady %\ld fir/ practise ! trot1 z x is c]ta9ly mu* bett] calculat$ to /r5g!n & confirm h] 9 ! balance1 seat c4 ?an ! cant]4 ,! lady is advis$1 at ?is /age ( h] progress1 to practise ! paces1 alt]nately1 9 ! v>i\s comb9ations ( ! figures we h describ$2 p]=m+ h] aids ) great] p[] & accuracy 9 turn+ & work+ 9 circles1 :5 trott+ or cant]+1 ?an :5 walk+4 ,%e %\ld also p]fect h]self 9 h] aids1 ! correspond5ce1 & balance1 by alt]nately increas+ & dim9i%+ ! spe$ 9 ea* pace1 until %e atta9 a p]fect ma/]y ov] h]self & h] horse1 & c n only make him "w 9 :at direction1 & at :at pace1 b1 also1 at :at degree ( spe$ 9 ea* pace1 %e pleases4 ,! horse ought to lead ) ! "r foot3 %\ld he /rike (f ) ! left1 ! rid] mu/ ei!r *eck him to a walk1 & !n make him comm5ce ! cant] aga91 or induce him to advance ! prop] leg by act+ on ! ne> re91 press+ 8 side ) ! left leg1 & t\*+ 8 "r %\ld] ) ! :ip4 ,8 h9d legs %\ld foll[ ! direction ( ! =e legs1 o!rwise ! pace w be untrue1 disunit$1 & unpleasant1 bo? to horse & rid]3 !re=e1 if ! horse lead ) 8 ne> =e leg 7unless :5 cant]+ to ! left--! only case :5 ! ne> legs %\ld be advanc$71 or ) 8 ne> h9d leg1 except 9 ! case j m5tion$--al?\gh he may lead ) ! prop] =e leg--! pace is false1 & ought to be rectifi$4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,gallop4 ,no lady ( ta/e ev] gallops on ! road4 ,into ?is pace1 ! lady's horse is nev] urg$1 or p]mitt$ to break1 except 9 ! field3 & n above "o among a ?\s& ( our fair read]s1 x may be surmis$1 is likely to be end[$ ) suffici5t ambition & boldness1 to attempt ! foll[+ ( h\nds4 ,any rem>ks1 on our "p1 ) reg>d to ?is pace1 w\ld1 !re=e1 be all b ne$less4 ,illu/ration ,,/opp+ ,,& ,,back+4 ,! lady mu/ le>n h[ to p]=m ! p]fect /op 9 all ! paces4 ,! p]fect /op 9 ! walk1 is a cessation ( all action 9 ! animal1 produc$ in/antane\sly by ! rid]1 )\t any previ\s intimation be+ giv5 by h] to ! horse4 ,! slov5ly /op is gradual & unc]ta94 ,! incorrect /op is a mom5t>y & viol5t *eck on ! action 9 ! middle1 in/ead ( ! conclusion1 ( ! cad5ce1 :ile ! =e legs are com+ to ! gr\nd4 ,! prop] movem5ts %\ld be p]=m$1 by ! rid]1 s t ! /op may conclude correctly ) ! cad5ce4 ,! firmness ( ! h& %\ld be increas$1 ! body be ?r[n back1 ! re9s drawn to ! body1 & ! horse's haun*es press$ =w>d by ! leg & :ip1 s t he may be br\ght to be> on ! bit4 ,illu/ration ,! /op 9 ! trot is p]=m$ z 9 ! walk3 ! rid] %\ld op]ate :5 ! advanc$ limbs ( ! animal1 be=e & beh9d1 respectively1 h come to ! gr\nd1 s t ! /op may be p]fect$ :5 ! o!r =e leg & h9d leg advance & complete ! cad5ce4 ,! /op 9 ! cant] is p]=m$ by ! rid] 9 a simil> mann]3 ! "t %\ld be at ! in/ant :5 ! horse's =e feet are desc5d+2--! h9d feet w imm$iately foll[1 & at once conclude ! cad5ce4 ,9 an ext5d$ cant]1 x is advisable to r$uce ! horse to a %ort trot1 prior to /opp+ him1 or to p]=m ! /op by a d\ble arrt2--t is1 9 two cad5ces in/ead ( "o4 ,x is necess>y t ! lady %\ld le>n h[ to make a horse back1 9 walk+3 to d ?is1 ! re9s mu/ be drawn equally & /eadily t[>ds ! body1 & ! cr\p ( ! horse kept 9 a prop] direction by means ( ! leg & :ip4 ,,leap+4 ,9 rid+-s*ools1 ladies :o nev] int5d to hunt1 are frequ5tly taught to leap ! b>4 ,! practice is c]ta9ly b5eficial2 z x t5ds to confirm ! seat1 & enables ! rid] m effectually to pres]ve h] balance1 %\ld %e ev] be m\nt$ on an un/eady or vici\s horse4 ,illu/ration ,leaps are tak51 ei!r /&+ or fly+1 ov] a b>1 :i* is s contriv$ z to fall1 :5 t\*$ by ! horse's feet1 if he d n cle> x3 x is plac$ at a %ort di/ance f ! gr\nd1 at fir/2 & rais$1 by degrees1 z ! rid] improves4 ,! /&+ leap1 :i* is practis$ fir/1 ! horse takes f ! halt1 close to ! b>4 ,! fly+ leap is tak5 f any pace1 & is easi] ?an ! /&+ leap1 al?\gh ! latt] is consid]$ ! saf] ( ! two to beg9 )2 z1 f ! /ead9ess ) :i* x is made by a tra9$ horse1 ! ma/] or assi/ant c aid ! pupil at ! slighte/ appe>ance ( dang]4 ,illu/ration ,! position ( ! rid] is to be gov]n$ 9 ?is1 z 9 all o!r cases1 by ! action ( ! horse4 ,no weight is to be borne on ! /irrup2 =1 9 fact1 pressure on ! /irrup w t5d to raise ! body1 r ?an keep x close to ! saddle4 ,! legs--p>ticul>ly ! "r "o--mu/ be press$ closely aga9/ ! saddle1 & ! re9s yield$ to ! horse1 s t ! rid] c j di/+ui% a slight correspond5ce betwe5 h] own h& & ! horse's m\?4 ,! animations ?us produc$1 & ! invitation ?us giv51 w make ! horse rise4 ,z 8 =e qu>t]s asc5d1 ! lady is to advance =w>d2 ! back be+ b5t inw>d1 & ! head kept upright & /eady4 ,a mom5t be=e ! horse's h9d legs quit ! gr\nd1 ! body %\ld be incl9$ backw>d2 ! rid] tak+ c>e n to be> heavily on ! re9s1 le/ ! horse =ce h] h&1 & pull h] =w>d on 8 neck1 or ov] 8 head1 z he desc5ds4 ,:5 ! leap is cle>$1 ! rid] %\ld br+ ! horse toge!r1 if at all disunit$1 & resume h] usual position4 ,9 ! fly+ leap1 ! seat is to be pres]v$ z 9 ! /&+ leap2 except1 t x is ne$less1 &1 inde$1 unwise1 to advance ! body z ! horse rises3 because1 9 ! fly+ leap1 ! horse's position1 especially 9 a l[ leap1 is m horizontal ?an :5 he rises at ! b> f a halt2 & !re is great dang] ( ! rid] be+ ?r[n1 if %e lean =w>d1 9 case ! horse sudd5ly *eck himself & refuse ! leap2 :i* circum/ance occasionally happ5s4 ,! wai/ %\ld be br\ght =w>d1 & ! body suff]$ to take t incl9ation backw>d :i* w be produc$ by ! spr+ =w>d ( ! horse4 ,! horse's head is to be guid$ t[>ds ! b>1 & ! re9s yield$ to him z he advances4 ,! prop] di/ance = a horse to run previ\s to ! leap1 is f t5 to fifte5 y>ds4 ,if he be well tra9$1 he may be suff]$ to take 8 own pace2 b x is necess>y to animate an indol5t animal into a %ort1 collect$ gallop1 & urge him1 by /rong aids1 to make ! leap4 ,illu/ration ,,dism\nt+4 ,! fir/ op]ation1 prep>atory to dism\nt+1 is to br+ ! horse to an easy1 yet p]fect1 /op4 ,if ! lady be light & dext]\s1 %e may dism\nt )\t assi/ance1 f a middle-siz$ horse3 b1 x is bett] n to d s if ! animal be high4 ,! "r h& ( ! lady1 :5 prep>+ to dism\nt1 is to receive ! re9s1 & be c>ri$ to ! (f crut* ( ! saddle4 ,! re9s %\ld be held suffici5tly tight to re/ra9 ! horse f advanc+2 & yet n s firm z to cause him to back or re>2 nor unev51 le/ x make him sw]ve4 ,! lady %\ld next dis5gage h] "r leg1 cle>+ ! dress z %e raises h] knee2 remove h] "r h& to ! ne> crut*2 & !n take h] foot f ! /irrup4 ,?us f> ! process is ! same :e!r ! lady dism\nt ) or )\t assi/ance4 ,if ! lady be assi/$1 ! g5tleman1 or groom1 may ei!r lift h] completely (f ! saddle to ! gr\nd2 or1 tak+ h] left h& 9 8 left h&1 place 8 "r h& on h] wai/1 &1 z %e spr+s (f1 support h] 9 h] desc5t4 ,%e may also alight1 if %e be tol]ably active1 by plac+ h] "r h& 9 t ( ! g5tleman 7:o1 9 ?is case1 mu/ /& at ! horse's %\ld]71 & desc5d )\t any o!r support4 ,%\ld !re be any objection to1 or difficulty f\nd 9 alight+ by ei!r ( ^! modes1 ! g5tleman1 or groom1 may place himself imm$iately 9 front ( ! lady1 :o is !n to incl9e suffici5tly =w>d = him to receive h] weight1 by plac+ 8 h&s "u h] arms1 & ?us eas+ h] desc5t4 ,illu/ration ,if ! lady dism\nt )\t assi/ance1 aft] ! h& is c>ri$ f ! (f to ! ne> crut*1 %e mu/ turn r\nd s z to be able to take1 9 h] left h&1 a lock ( ! horse's mane2 by ! aid ( :i*1 & by be>+ h] "r h& on ! crut*1 %e may alight )\t difficulty4 ,9 dism\nt+ ?us1 )\t assi/ance1 %e mu/ turn z %e quits ! saddle1 s z to desc5d ) h] face t[>ds ! horse's side4 ,illu/ration ,by :atev] mode ! lady dism\nts1 b especially if %e d s )\t assi/ance1 %e %\ld--to prev5t any unpleasant %ock on rea*+ ! gr\nd--b5d h] knees1 suff] h] body to be p]fectly pliant1 & alight on h] toes1 or ! middle ( h] feet4 ,%e is nei!r to rel9qui% h] hold1 nor is ! g5tleman1 or groom1 if %e make use ( 8 m9i/ry1 to )draw 8 h&1 until %e is p]fectly safe on ! gr\nd4 ,9 ord] to dism\nt ) grace & facility1 m practice is requir$ ?an t ( m]ely desc5d+ f ! saddle aft] an ex]cise or a ride4 ,x is advisable to m\nt & dism\nt1 = "s days1 sev]al times1 successively1 ei!r be=e or aft] ! ride2--comm5c+ ) ! mo/ simple modes1 until a suffici5t degree ( confid5ce & exp]i5ce is acquir$ to p]=m ei!r ( ^! op]ations 9 a prop] mann]1 ) ! m]e aid ( ! assi/ant's h&4 ,illu/ration ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks4 ,! lady %\ld p]=m h] fir/ lessons ) a snaffle bridle1 hold+ ! re9s 9 bo? h&s1 & )\t a /irrup4 ,:5 %e has acquir$ "s degree ( practice 9 ! balance1 aids1 & g5]al gov]nm5t ( ! horse1 %e may use a bridle ) d\ble re9s1 & hold !m 9 ! left h&1 manag+ !m z we h direct$ 9 "s ( ! prec$+ pages4 ,if ! lady be b 9 h] noviciate 9 ! art1 we /rongly advise h] n to place too mu* reliance on h] own exp]tness1 or to attempt too mu* at fir/2 b1 r1 to proce$ /eadily1 & be satisfi$ ) a gradual improvem5t2 z x is utt]ly impossible to acquire p]fection 9 ! nic] op]ations ( rid+1 be=e ! m9or difficulties are ov]come4 ,! lady1 9 all cases1 %\ld recollect t h] horse requires occasional halt+s & relaxation4 ,! "t occupi$ 9 ea* lesson %\ld be 9 proportion to ! pace & animation 9 :i* x has be5 p]=m$4 ,if ! ex]cise be v>i$ & highly animat$1 ! horse %\ld re/ to recruit himself at ! expiration ( twelve or fifte5 m9utes2 :5 refre%$1 by halt+1 he may be made to g ?r\gh ano!r ( ! same1 or r less duration1 & !n be put up = ! day4 ,x w\ld be /ill bett] to make two halts 9 ! same space ( "t2--! ex]cise tak5 9 su* a lesson be+ equal to ?ree h\rs' mod]ate "w4 ,:5 ! lessons are less animat$1 !y may be made proportionally long]2 b1 x is always bett]1 if ! pupil err 9 ?is respect1 to d s on ! side ( brevity1 ?an1 by mak+ h] lessons too long1 to h>ass h] horse4 ,illu/ration ,,:itehead ,,& ,,comp,y4 ,,pr9t]s1 #gf1 ,,fleet ,,/reet1 ,,london4 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,! foll[+ typographical errors h be5 correct$4 #bi dim9utive poney *ang$ to dim9utive pony #dg dep5dance *ang$ to dep5d5ce #ge inn] re9 is be *ang$ to inn] re9 %\ld be