available by ,cornell ,university       
,digital ,collections47        ,,the    
,,international ,,magazine  ,of         
,literature1 ,art1 and ,science4  ,vol4 
,,iii4 ,,new-,,york1 ,,may #a1 #ahea4   
,no4 ,,ii4     ,,george ,,wilkins       
,,kendall4  ,illustration   ,we have    
here a capital portrait of the editor in
 chief of the ,new ,orleans ,picayune1  
,,george ,w4 ,,kendall1 who1 as an      
editor1 author1 traveller1 or bon garon1
 is world-famous1 and every where       
entitled to be chairman in assemblies of
 these several necessary classes of     
people4 ,take him for all in all1 he may
 be described as a new ,chevalier       
,bayard1 baptized in the spirit of fun1 
and with a steel pen in lieu of a blade 
of ,damascus4 ,he is a ,vermonter--of   
the state which has sent out ,orestes   
,brownson1 ,herman ,hooker1 the         
,coltons1 ,hiram ,powers1 ,hannah       
,gould1 and a crowd of other men and    
women with the sharpest intellects1 and 
for the most part the genialist tempers 

too1 that can be found in all the       
country4 ,his boyhood was passed in the 
delightful village of ,burlington1 from 
which1 when he was of age1 he came to   
,new-,york1 and here he lived until     
about the year #ahce1 when he went to   
,new ,orleans1 where his subsequent     
career may be found traced in the most  
witty and brilliant and altogether      
successful journal ever published in the
 southern or western states4  ,partly   
for the love of adventure and partly for
 advantage to his health1 in the spring 
of #ahda ,mr4 ,kendall determined to    
make an excursion into the great        
south-western prairies1 and the         
contemplated trading expedition to      
,santa-,fe offering escort and agreeable
 companions1 he procured passports from 
the ,mexican vice-consul at             
,new-,orleans1 and joined it1 at        
,austin4 ,the history of this expedition
 has become an important portion of the 
history of the nation1 and its details1 
embracing an account of his own         

captivity and sufferings in ,mexico1    
were written by ,mr4 ,kendall in one of 
the most spirited and graphic books of  
military and wilderness adventure1      
vicissitude1 and endurance1 that has    
been furnished in our times4 ,the work  
was published in two volumes1 by the    
,harpers1 in #ahdd4 ,it has since passed
 through many editions1 and for the     
fidelity and felicity1 the bravery and  
bon hommie1 that mark all its pages1 it 
is likely to be one of the choicest     
chronicles that will be quoted from our 
own in the new centuries4  ,after the   
publication of his narrative of the     
,santa ,fe ,expedition1 ,mr4 ,kendall   
resumed his more immediate services in  
the ,picayane--always1 it may be said   
without injustice to his associates1    
most attractive under his personal      
supervision2 and in the angry and       
war-tending controversies with ,mexico  
which filled the public mind in the     
succeeding years1 he was one of the     
calmest as well as wisest of our        

journalists4 ,when at length the        
conflict came on1 he attended the       
victorious ,taylor as a member of his   
staff along the mountains and valleys   
which that great commander marked with  
the names of immortal victories1 and had
 more than satisfaction for all griefs  
of his own in seeing the flag of his    
country planted in every scene in which 
his country had been insulted in his own
 person4  ,upon the conclusion of the   
war1 ,mr4 ,kendall commenced the        
preparation of the magnificent work     
which has lately been published in this 
city by the ,appletons1 under the title 
of ,the ,war between the ,united ,states
 and ,mexico1 by ,george ,w4 ,kendall1  
illustrated by pictorial drawings by    
,carl ,nebel4 ,mr4 ,nebel may be        
regarded as one of the best             
battle-painters living4 ,he accompanied 
,mr4 ,kendall during the war1 and made  
his sketches while on the several fields
 where he had witnessed the movements of
 the contending armies2 and in all the  

accessories of scenery1 costume1 and    
general effect1 he has unquestionably   
been as successful as the actors in the 
drama admit him to have been in giving a
 vivid and just impression of the       
distinguishing characteristics of each  
conflict4 ,the subjects of the plates   
are the ,bombardment of ,vera ,cruz1 the
 ,battle of ,cerro ,gordo1 the ,storming
 of ,chepultepec1 the ,assault on       
,contreras1 the ,battle of ,cherubusco1 
the ,attack on ,molino del ,rey1        
,general ,scott's ,entrance into        
,mexico1 the ,battle of ,buena ,vista1  
the ,battle of ,palo ,alto1 and the     
,capture of ,monterey4 ,in some cases1  
there are two representations of the    
same scene1 taken from different points 
of view4 ,these have all been reproduced
 in colored lithography by the best     
artists of ,paris4 ,the literary part of
 the work1 comprising very careful and  
particular accounts of these events1 is 
excellently written--so compactly and   
perspicuously1 with so thorough a       

knowledge and so pure a taste1 as to be 
deserving of applause among models in   
military history4 ,mr4 ,kendall passed  
about two years in ,europe for the      
purpose of superintending its           
publication1 and its success must have  
amply satisfied the most sanguine       
anticipations with which he entered upon
 its composition4  ,new ,england is     
largely represented among the leading   
editors of the ,south and ,west1 and it 
is a little remarkable that the two     
papers most conspicuous as              
representatives of the idiosyncrasies   
which most obtain in their respective   
states--the ,picayune and ,george ,d4   
,prentice's ,louisville ,journal--are   
conducted by men from sections most     
antagonistical in interest and feeling1 
men who have carried with them to their 
new homes and who still cherish there   
all the reciprocated affections by which
 they were connected with the ,north4   
,when ,george ,w4 ,kendall leaves ,new  
,orleans for his summer wandering in our

 more comfortable and safe latitudes1 an
 ovation of editors awaits him at every 
town along the ,mississippi1 and1       
crossing the mountains1 he is the most  
popular member of the craft in          
,washington1 ,baltimore1 ,philadelphia1 
,new-,york1 or ,boston--an evidence that
 the strifes of party may exist without 
any personal ill-feeling1 if the editor 
never forgets in his own person to      
sustain the character of a gentleman4   
,,washington4   ,it is a truth1         
illustrated in daily experience1 and yet
 rarely noted or acted upon1 that1 in   
all that concerns the appreciation of   
personal character or ability1 the      
instinctive impressions of a community  
are quicker in their action1 more       
profoundly appreciant1 and more         
reliable1 than the intellectual         
perceptions of the ablest men in the    
community4 ,upon all those subjects that
 are of moral apprehension1 society     
seems to possess an intelligence of its 
own1 infinitely sensitive in its        

delicacy1 and almost conclusive in the  
certainty of its determinations2        
indirect1 and unconscious in its        
operation1 yet unshunnable in sagacity1 
and as strong and confident as nature   
itself4 ,the highest and finest         
qualities of human judgment seem to be  
in commission among the nation1 or the  
race4 ,it is by such a process1 that    
whenever a true hero appears among      
mankind1 the recognition of his         
character1 by the general sense of      
humanity1 is instant and certain3 the   
belief of the chief priests and rulers  
of mind follows later1 or comes not at  
all4 ,the perceptions of a public are as
 subtly-sighted as its passions are     
blind4 ,it sees1 and feels1 and knows   
the excellence1 which it can neither    
understand1 nor explain1 nor vindicate4 
,these involuntary opinions of people at
 large explain themselves1 and are      
vindicated by events1 and form at last  
the constants of human understanding4 ,a
 character of the first order of        

greatness1 such as seems to pass out of 
the limits and courses of ordinary life1
 often lies above the ken of            
intellectual judgment2 but its merits   
and its infirmities never escape the    
sleepless perspicacity of the common    
sentiment1 which no novelty of form can 
surprise1 and no mixture of qualities   
can perplex4 ,the mind--the logical     
faculty--comprehends a subject1 when it 
can trace in it the same elements1 or   
relations1 which it is familiar with    
elsewhere2 if it finds but a faint      
analogy of form or substance1 its       
decision is embarrassed4 ,but this other
 instinct seems to become subtler1 and  
more rapid1 and more absolute in        
conviction1 at the line where reason    
begins to falter4  ,take the case of    
,shakspeare4 ,his surpassing greatness  
was never acknowledged by the learned1  
until the nation had ascertained and    
settled it as a foregone and            
questionless conclusion4 ,even now1 to  
the most sagacious mind of this time1   

the real ground and evidence of its own 
assurance of ,shakspeare's supremacy1 is
 the universal1 deep1 immovable         
conviction of it in the public feeling4 
,there have been many acute essays upon 
his minor characteristics2 but          
intellectual criticism has never        
grappled with ,shaksperian ,,art in its 
entireness and grandeur1 and probably it
 never will4 ,we know not now wherein   
his greatness consists4 ,we cannot      
demonstrate it4 ,there is less          
indistinctness in the merit of less     
eminent authors4 ,those things which are
 not doubts to our consciousness1 are   
yet mysteries to our mind4 ,and if this 
is true of literary art1 which is so    
much within the sphere of reflection1 it
 may be expected to find more striking  
illustration in great practical and     
public moral characters4  ,illustration3
 ,,the ,,national ,,monument ,,at       
,,washington4  ,these considerations    
occur naturally to the mind in          
contemplating the fame of ,washington4  

,an attentive examination of the whole  
subject1 and of all that can contribute 
to the formation of a sound opinion1    
results in the belief that ,general     
,washington's mental abilities          
illustrate the very highest type of     
greatness4 ,his mind1 probably1 was one 
of the very greatest that was ever given
 to mortality4 ,yet it is impossible to 
establish that position by a direct     
analysis of his character1 or conduct1  
or productions4 ,when we look at the    
incidents or the results of that great  
career--when we contemplate the         
qualities by which it is marked1 from   
its beginning to its end--the foresight 
which never was surprised1 the judgment 
which nothing could deceive1 the wisdom 
whose resources were incapable of       
exhaustion--combined with a spirit as   
resolute in its official duties as it   
was moderate in its private pretensions1
 as indomitable in its public temper as 
it was gentle in its personal tone--we  
are left in wonder and reverence4 ,but  

when we would enter into the recesses of
 that mind--when we would discriminate  
upon its construction1 and reason upon  
its operations--when we would tell how  
it was composed1 and why it excelled--we
 are entirely at fault4 ,the processes  
of ,washington's understanding are      
entirely hidden from us4 ,what came from
 it1 in counsel or in action1 was the   
life and glory of his country2 what went
 on within it1 is shrouded in           
impenetrable concealment4 ,such         
elevation in degree of wisdom1 amounts  
almost to a change of kind1 in nature1  
and detaches his intelligence from the  
sympathy of ours4 ,we cannot see him as 
he was1 because we are not like him4    
,the tones of the mighty bell were heard
 with the certainty of ,time itself1 and
 with a force that vibrates still upon  
the air of life1 and will vibrate for   
ever4 ,but the clock-work1 by which they
 were regulated and given forth1 we can 
neither see nor understand4 ,in fact1   
his intellectual abilities did not exist

 in an analytical and separated form2   
but in a combined and concrete state4   
,they moved altogether when they moved  
at all4 ,they were in no degree         
speculative1 but only practical4 ,they  
could not act at all in the region of   
imagination1 but only upon the field of 
reality4 ,the sympathies of his         
intelligence dwelt exclusively in the   
national being and action4 ,its         
interests and energies were absorbed in 
them4 ,he was nothing out of that       
sphere1 because he was every thing      
there4 ,the extent to which he was      
identified with the country is          
unexampled in the relations of          
individual men to the community4 ,during
 the whole period of his life he was the
 thinking part of the nation4 ,he was   
its mind2 it was his image and          
illustration4 ,if we would classify and 
measure him1 it must be with nations and
 not with individuals4  ,this           
extraordinary nature of ,washington's   
capacities--this impossibility of       

analyzing and understanding the elements
 and methods of his wisdom--have led    
some persons to doubt whether1          
intellectually1 he was of great         
superiority2 but the public--the        
community--never doubted of the         
transcendent eminence of ,washington's  
abilities4 ,from the first moment of his
 appearance as the chief1 the           
recognition of him1 from one end of the 
country to the other1 as ,,the          
,,man--the leader1 the counsellor1 the  
infallible in suggestion and in         
conduct--was immediate and universal4   
,from that moment to the close of the   
scene1 the national confidence in his   
capacity was as spontaneous1 as         
enthusiastic1 as immovable1 as it was in
 his integrity4 ,particular persons1    
affected by the untoward course of      
events1 sometimes questioned his        
sufficiency2 but the nation never       
questioned it1 nor would allow it to be 
questioned4 ,neither misfortune1 nor    
disappointment1 nor accidents1 nor      

delay1 nor the protracted gloom of      
years1 could avail to disturb the public
 trust in him4 ,it was apart from       
circumstances2 it was beside the action 
of caprice2 it was beyond all visionary1
 and above all changeable feelings4 ,it 
was founded on nothing extraneous2 not  
upon what he had said or done1 but upon 
what he was4 ,they saw something in the 
man1 which gave them assurance of a     
nature and destiny of the highest       
elevation--something inexplicable1 but  
which inspired a complete satisfaction4 
,we feel that this reliance was wise and
 right2 but why it was felt1 or why it  
was right1 we are as much to seek as    
those who came under the direct         
impression of his personal presence4 ,it
 is not surprising1 that the world1     
recognizing in this man a nature and a  
greatness which philosophy cannot       
explain1 should revere him almost to    
religion4  ,the distance and magnitude  
of those objects which are too far above
 us to be estimated directly--such as   

stars--are determined by their parallax4
 ,by some process of that kind we may   
form an approximate notion of           
,washington's greatness4 ,we may measure
 him against the great events in which  
he moved2 and against the great men1    
among whom1 and above whom1 his figure  
stood like a tower4 ,it is agreed that  
the war of ,american ,independence is   
one of the most exalted1 and honorable1 
and difficult achievements related in   
history4 ,its force was contributed by  
many2 but its grandeur was derived from 
,washington4 ,his character and wisdom  
gave unity1 and dignity1 and effect to  
the irregular1 and often divergent      
enthusiasm of others4 ,his energy       
combined the parts2 his intelligence    
guided the whole3 his perseverance1 and 
fortitude1 and resolution1 were the     
inspiration and support of all4 ,in     
looking back over that period1 his      
presence seems to fill the whole scene2 
his influence predominates throughout2  
his character is reflected from every   

thing4 ,perhaps nothing less than his   
immense weight of mind could have kept  
the national system1 at home1 in that   
position which it held1 immovably1 for  
seven years2 perhaps nothing but the    
august respectability which his demeanor
 threw around the ,american cause       
abroad1 would have induced a foreign    
nation to enter into an equal alliance  
with us1 upon terms that contributed in 
a most important degree to our final    
success1 or would have caused ,great    
,britain to feel that no great indignity
 was suffered in admitting the claim to 
national existence of a people who had  
such a representative as ,washington4   
,what but the most eminent qualities of 
mind and feeling--discretion            
superhuman--readiness of invention1 and 
dexterity of means1 equal to the most   
desperate affairs--endurance1           
self-control1 regulated ardor1          
restrained passion1 caution mingled with
 boldness1 and all the contrarieties of 
moral excellence--could have expanded   

the life of an individual into a career 
such as this8  ,if we compare him with  
the great men who were his              
contemporaries throughout the nation2 in
 an age of extraordinary personages1    
,washington was unquestionably the first
 man of the time in ability4 ,review the
 correspondence of ,general             
,washington--that sublime monument of   
intelligence and integrity--scrutinize  
the public history and the public men of
 that era1 and you will find that in all
 the wisdom that was accomplished was   
attempted1 ,washington was before every 
man in his suggestions of the plan1 and 
beyond every one in the extent to which 
he contributed to its adoption4 ,in the 
field1 all the able generals            
acknowledged his superiority1 and looked
 up to him with loyalty1 reliance1 and  
reverence2 the others1 who doubted his  
ability1 or conspired against his       
sovereignty1 illustrated1 in their own  
conduct1 their incapacity to be either  
his judges or his rivals4 ,in the state1

 ,adams1 ,jay1 ,rutledge1 ,pinckney1    
,morris--these are great names2 but     
there is not one whose wisdom does not  
vail to his4 ,his superiority was felt  
by all these persons1 and was felt by   
,washington himself1 as a simple matter 
of fact1 as little a subject of         
question1 or a cause of vanity1 as the  
eminence of his personal stature4 ,his  
appointment as commander-in-chief1 was  
the result of no design on his part1 and
 of no efforts on the part of his       
friends2 it seemed to take place        
spontaneously4 ,he moved into the       
position1 because there was a vacuum    
which no other could supply3 in it1 he  
was not sustained by government1 by a   
party1 nor by connections2 he sustained 
himself1 and then he sustained every    
thing else4 ,he sustained ,congress     
against the army1 and the army against  
the injustice of ,congress4 ,the        
brightest mind among his contemporaries 
was ,hamilton's2 a character which      
cannot be contemplated without frequent 

admiration1 and constant affection4 ,his
 talents took the form of genius1 which 
,washington's did not4 ,but active1     
various1 and brilliant1 as the faculties
 of ,hamilton were1 whether viewed in   
the precocity of youth1 or in the       
all-accomplished elegance of maturer    
life--lightning quick as his            
intelligence was to see through every   
subject that came before it1 and        
vigorous as it was in constructing the  
argumentation by which other minds were 
to be led1 as upon a shapely bridge1    
over the obscure depths across which his
 had flashed in a moment--fertile and   
sound in schemes1 ready in action1      
splendid in display1 as he was--nothing 
is more obvious and certain than that   
when ,mr4 ,hamilton approached          
,washington1 he came into the presence  
of one who surpassed him in the extent1 
in the comprehension1 the elevation1 the
 sagacity1 the force1 and the           
ponderousness of his mind1 as much as he
 did in the majesty of his aspect1 and  

the grandeur of his step4 ,the genius of
 ,hamilton was a flower1 which          
gratifies1 surprises1 and enchants2 the 
intelligence of ,washington was a       
stately tree1 which in the rarity and   
true dignity of its beauty is as        
superior1 as it is in its dimensions4   
,illustration3 ,,the ,,grave ,,of       
,,washington4     ,,william ,,hogarth4  
,the great comedian in pictorial art    
forms one of the subjects of ,mrs4      
,hall's sketches1 in the ,pilgrimages to
 ,english ,shrines1 and we think her    
article upon visiting his tomb as       
interesting as any in this popular      
series3  ,hogarth1 the great            
painter-teacher of his age and country1 
was born in the parish of ,st4          
,bartholomew the ,great1 in ,london1 on 
the #ajth of ,november1 #afig1 and his  
trusty and sympathizing biographer1     
,allan ,cunningham1 says1 we have the   
authority of his own manuscripts for    
believing he was baptized on the #bhth  
of the same month2 but the parish       

registers have been examined for        
confirmation with fruitless solicitude4 
,cunningham gives ,december as the month
 of his birth2 this is a mistake2 so    
also is his notice of the painter's     
introduction of the ,virago into his    
picture of the ,modern ,midnight        
,conversation4 ,no female figure appears
 in this subject4 ,it is in the third   
plate of the ,rake's ,progress the woman
 alluded to is introduced4 ,a small     
critic might here find a fit subject for
 vituperation1 and loudly condemn       
,cunningham as a writer who was too idle
 to examine the works he was describing2
 pouncing on his minute errors1 and     
forgetting the totality of his generous 
labors4 ,much of this spirit infests    
literature2 and merges the kindly       
exposition of error into the bitterness 
of personal attack4 ,the fallibility of 
human nature should teach us charity1   
and our own faults lead us to more      
gently scan our brother man1--a thing   
too often unthought of by those who are 

nothing if not critical1 and as         
frequently nothing when they are4 ,the  
painter was descended from a            
,westmoreland family4 ,sprung from an   
industrious race of self-helping yeomen1
 whose hardy toil brought them health   
and contentment1 ,hogarth had an early  
advantage1 derived from his father's    
love of letters1 which eventually drew  
him away from field and wood to the     
great ,london mart4 ,like thousands of  
others1 he was unsuccessful4            
,fortunately1 in this instance1 his want
 of success in literature stimulated the
 strong mind of his son to seek         
occupation of more certain profit2 and  
those who feel interest in the          
whereabouts of celebrated men1 may think
 upon the days when ,william ,hogarth   
wrought in silver1 as the apprentice of 
,ellis ,gamble1 in ,cranbourne ,street1 
and speculate upon the change of        
circumstances1 wrought by his own       
exertions1 when1 as a great painter1 in 
after time1 he occupied the house1 now  

known as the ,sabloniere ,hotel1 in     
,leicester ,square4  ,hogarth's         
character of mind1 evidenced in his     
works and proved by his biography1 is so
 perfectly honest1 open1 home-bred      
,english1 that we claim him with        
pride--as belonging exclusively to      
,england4 ,his originality is of        
,english growth2 his satire broad1 bold1
 fair-play ,english4 ,he was no screened
 assassin of character1 either with pen 
or pencil2 no journalist's hack to stab 
in secret--concealing his name1 or      
assuming a forged one2 no masked        
caricaturist1 responsible to none4 ,his 
philosophy was of the straightforward1  
clear-sighted ,english school2 his      
theories--stern1 simple1 and            
unadorned--thoroughly ,english2 his     
determination--proved in his love as    
well as in his hate--quite ,english2    
there is a firmness of purpose1 a rough 
dignity1 a ,john-,bull look in his broad
 intelligent face2 the very fur round   
his cap must have been plain ,english   

rabbit-skin6 ,no matter what schools    
were in fashion1 ,hogarth created and   
followed his own2 no matter what was    
done1 or said1 or written1 ,hogarth     
maintained his opinion unflinchingly2 he
 was not to be moved or removed from his
 resolve4 ,his mind was vigorous and    
inflexible1 and withal1 keen and acute2 
and though the delicacy of his taste in 
this more refined age may be matter of  
question1 there can be no doubt as to   
his integrity and uprightness of        
purpose--in his determination to        
denounce vice1 and by that means cherish
 virtue4  ,professor ,leslie1 in his    
eloquent and valuable ,lectures on      
,painting1 delivered in the spring of   
the present year to the students of the 
,royal ,academy1 has nobly vindicated   
,hogarth as an artist and a man1 in     
words that all who heard will long      
remember4 ,hogarth1 he said1 it is true1
 is often gross2 but it must be         
remembered that he painted in a less    
fastidious age than ours1 and that his  

great object was to expose vice4        
,debauchery is always made by him       
detestable1 never attractive4 ,charles  
,lamb1 one of the best of his           
commentators1 who has viewed his labors 
in a kindred spirit1 speaking of one of 
his most elaborate and varied works1 the
 ,election ,entertainment1 asks1 ,what  
is the result left on the mind8 ,is it  
an impression of the vileness and       
worthlessness of our species8 ,or is not
 the general feeling which remains after
 the individual faces have ceased to act
 sensibly on the mind1 a kindly one in  
favor of the species8 ,leslie speaks of 
his high species of humor1 pregnant with
 moral meanings1 and no happier choice  
of phrase could characterize his many   
works4 ,lamb1 with true discrimination1 
says3 ,all laughter is not of a         
dangerous or soul-hardening tendency4   
,there is the petrifying sneer of a     
demon1 which excludes and kills love1   
and there is the cordial laughter of a  
man1 which implies and cherishes it4    

,hogarth's works are before us all2 and 
are lessons as much for to-day as they  
were for yesterday4 ,we have no         
intention of scrutinizing their merits  
or defects2 we write only of the        
influence of a class of art such as he  
brought courageously before the ,english
 public4 ,every one is acquainted with  
the ,rake's ,progress1 and can recall   
subject after subject1 story after      
story1 which he illustrated4            
,comparatively few can judge of him as a
 painter1 but all can comprehend his    
moral essays--brave as true6  ,his      
fearlessness and earnestness are above  
all price2 independent1 in their high   
estate1 of all praise4 ,we would send   
,marriage  la ,mode into general        
circulation during the ,london season1  
where the market for wives and husbands 
is presided over by interest rather than
 affection4 ,the matrimonial mart was as
 bravely exposed by the great satirist1 
as the brutal and unmanly cock-fight1   
which at that period was permitted to   

take place at the ,cock-pit ,royal1 on  
the south side of ,st4 ,james's ,park4  
,society always needs such men as       
,william ,hogarth--true1 stern men--to  
grapple with and overthrow the vices    
which spring up--the very weeds both of 
poverty and luxury1--the latter filled  
with the more bitter and subtle poison4 
,calling to mind the period1 we the more
 honor the great artist's resolution2 if
 the delicacy of our improved times is  
offended by what may seem deformity upon
 his canvas1 we must remember that we do
 not shrink from ,hogarth's coarseness1 
but from the coarseness he labored1 by  
exposing1 to expel4 ,he painted what    
,smollett1 and ,fielding1 and           
,richardson wrote far more offensively2 
but he surpassed the novelists both in  
truth and in intention4 ,he painted     
without sympathizing with his subjects1 
whom he lashed with unsparing bitterness
 or humor4 ,he never idealized a vice   
into a virtue--he never compromised a   
fact1 much less a principle4  ,he has1  

indeed1 written fearful sermons on his  
canvas2 sermons which1 however          
exaggerated they may seem to us in some 
of their painful details of human sin   
and human misery1 are yet so real1 that 
we never doubt that such things were1   
and are4 ,no one can suspect ,hogarth to
 have been tainted by the vices he      
exposed4 ,in this he has the advantage  
of the novelists of his period3 he gives
 vice no loophole of escape3 it is there
 in its hideous aspect1 each step       
distinctly marked1 each character       
telling its own tale of warning1 so that
 he who runs may read4  ,whoever desires
 to trace the life of this ,english     
artist--to note him in his              
apprenticeship--when he tamed as well as
 his rough nature would permit1 his hand
 to the delicate graving so cherished by
 his master1 ,ellis ,gamble2 and when   
freed from his apprenticeship1 he sought
 art through the stirring scenes of     
life1 saying quaintly enough1 that      
copying other men's works resembled     

pouring wine out of one vessel into     
another2 there was no increase of       
quantity1 and the flavor of the vintage 
was liable to evaporate2--whoever would 
study the great1 as well as the small1  
peculiarities of the painter who        
converted his thumb-nail into a palette1
 and while transcribing characters and  
events both rapidly and faithfully1     
complained of his constitutional        
idleness3--whenever1 we say1 our readers
 feel desirous of revelling in the      
biography of so diligent1 so observing1 
so faithful1 so brave a spirit1 we      
should send them to our old friend      
,allan ,cunningham's most interesting   
history of the man4 ,honest ,allan had  
much in common with our great national  
artist3 though of different countries1  
they sprung from the same race--sturdy  
yeomen2 they were alike lovers of       
independence1 fighting for the best part
 of life manfully and faithfully        
enjoying the noble scorn of wrong1 and  
battling for the right from the cradle  

to the grave4 ,self-educated--that is to
 say1 educated by ,nature1 which gave   
and nourished his high intellect and    
independent soul--,allan could          
comprehend and appreciate the manly     
bearing and stern self-reliance of the  
painter1 whose best resources were in   
himself2 thus the biography of ,hogarth 
is among the finest examples of its     
class which our language supplies4      
,allan's sympathies were with his       
subject2 and his knowledge also came to 
his aid3 for the poet was thoroughly    
imbued with a love of art4  ,allan      
,cunningham was a better disciplinarian1
 and less prone to look for or care for 
enjoyment1 than ,hogarth2 though we have
 many pleasant memories how he truly    
relished both music and conversation4   
,but there was more sentiment in the    
,scottish poet than in the ,english     
painter2 and the deep dark eyes of the  
,scot had more of fervor and less of    
sarcasm in their brightness4 ,we repeat1
 ,allan1 of all writers1 could          

thoroughly appreciate ,hogarth2 and his 
biography is written con amore4 ,he says
 that all who love the dramatic         
representations of actual life1--all who
 have hearts to be gladdened by         
humor1--all who are pleased with        
judicious and well-directed satire1--all
 who are charmed with the ludicrous     
looks of popular folly1 and all who can 
be moved with the pathos of human       
suffering1 are admirers of ,hogarth4    
,but to our thinking2 ,hogarth had a    
calling even more elevated than the     
,scottish poet has given him in this    
eloquent summing-up of his attributes2  
he is one of our greatest teachers--a   
,,teacher to whom is due the highest    
possible honor2 and the more we feel the
 importance of the teacher1 the more we 
value those who teach well4 ,in         
grappling with folly and in combating   
with crimes1 he was compelled to reveal 
the nature of that he proposed to       
satirize2 he was obliged to set up sin  
in its high place before he could crown 

it with infamy4 ,the times were full of 
internal as well as foreign disturbance1
 and ,hogarth's studio was no hermitage 
to exclude passing events or their      
promoters4 ,he lived with the living1   
moving present1--his engravings being   
his pleasures2 portraits1 as they are   
now to many a high-hearted man of       
talent1 his means of subsistence2 heavy 
weights of mortality that fetter and    
clog the ascending spirit4  ,his        
controversies and encounters with the   
worthless ,wilkes1--his defence of his  
own theories1--his determined dislike to
 the establishment of a ,royal          
,academy--his various other             
controversies--rendered his exciting    
course very different from that of the  
lonely artists of the present day1 who  
are but too fond of living in closed    
studios1 pouring1 as ,hogarth would have
 said1--pouring wine from one vessel    
into another1--pondering over tales and 
poems for inspiration1 and transcribing 
the worn-out models of many seasons into

 attitudes of bounding and varied life6 
,is it not wonderful1 as sad1 that the  
artist will not feel his power1 will not
 take his own place1 assume his high    
standing as of old1 and demand the duty 
of respect from the world by the just   
exercise of his glorious privilege6     
,entertainment and information are not  
all the mind requires at the hand of an 
artist2 we wish to be elevated by       
contemplating what is noble1--to be     
warmed1 by the presence of the          
heroic1--and charmed and made happy by  
the light of purity and loveliness4 ,we 
desire to share in the lofty movements  
of fine minds--to have communion with   
their image of what is godlike1 and to  
take a part in the rapture of their     
love1 and in the ecstasies of all their 
musings4 ,this is the chief end of high 
poetry1 of high painting1 and high      
sculpture2 and the man misunderstands   
the true spirit of those arts who seeks 
to deprive them of a portion of their   
divinity1 and argues that entertainment 

and information constitute their highest
 aim4 ,we have quoted this passage      
because it expresses our notions of the 
power of art more happily than we are   
able to express it2 but we must add that
 the teaching as well as the poetic     
painter has much to complain of from    
society2 it is impossible to mingle     
among the higher classes without being  
struck by their indifference to every   
phase of ,british art1--except          
portraiture4 ,have you been to the      
,exhibition8 ,are there many nice       
miniatures8 are the portraits good8     
,lady ,d4's lace is perfect2 ,mrs4 ,a4's
 velvet is inimitable4 ,such            
observations strike the ear with painful
 discord1 when the mind is filled with  
memories of those who are brave or      
independent enough to look forward with 
creative genius4 ,there are many noble  
exceptions among our aristocracy2 but   
with far too great a number art is a    
mere fashion4  ,illustration3           
,,hogarth',s ,,house4  ,as a people1    

neither our eyes nor our ears are yet   
opened to its instructive and elevating 
faculty4 ,we mistake the outlay of money
 for an expenditure of sympathy4        
,hogarth's portraits were almost too    
faithful to please his sitters3 he was  
too truthful to flatter1 even on canvas2
 and the wonder is that he achieved any 
popularity in this fantastic branch of  
his art4 ,allan ,cunningham has said of 
him1 that he regarded neither the       
historian's page1 nor the poet's song4  
,he was contented with the occurrences  
of the passing day1 with the folly or   
the sin of the hour2 yet to the garb and
 fashion of the moment1 he adds story   
and sentiment for all time4 ,it is quite
 delicious to read the excuses ,allan   
makes for the foibles of the man whose  
virtues had touched his own generous    
heart2 he confesses with great naivet   
that he looked coldly--too coldly1      
perhaps--on foreign art1 and perhaps too
 fondly on his own productions2 and then
 adds that1 where vanity soonest        

misleads the judgment he thought wisely2
 he contemplated his own works1 not as  
things excellent in themselves1 but as  
the rudiments of future excellence1 and 
looked forward with the hope that some  
happier ,hogarth would raise1 on the    
foundation he had laid1 a perfect and   
lasting superstructure4  ,we must humbly
 differ from the poet in this matter2 we
 believe1 if the characteristic cap were
 removed from that sturdy brow1 we      
should find an admirable development of 
the organ of self-esteem4 ,he thought as
 little of a future and happier         
,hogarth1 as he did of the old masters4 
,he was ,monarch of the ,present--and he
 knew it6  ,the age we live in talks    
much about renovation1 but it is not a  
conservative age2 on the contrary1 it   
would pull down ,temple ,bar1 if it     
dared1 to widen the passage from the    
,strand into ,fleet ,street2 and it     
demolishes houses1 shrines of noble     
memories1 with a total absence of       
respect for what it ought to honor4 ,we 

never hear of an old house without a    
feeling that it is either going to be   
destroyed or modernized2 and this       
inevitably leads to a desire to visit it
 immediately4 ,having determined on a   
drive to ,chiswick to make acquaintance 
with the dwelling of ,hogarth1 and look 
upon his tomb--we became restless until 
it was accomplished4  ,we had seen1 by  
the courtesy of ,mr4 ,allison1 the      
piano-forte manufacturer in ,dean       
,street1 the residence of ,sir ,james   
,thornhill1 whose daughter ,hogarth     
married3 the proprietor bestows most    
praiseworthy care on the house1 which   
was formerly one of considerable extent 
and importance4 ,mr4 ,allison says there
 can be little doubt that the grounds   
extended into ,wardour ,street4 ,once1  
while removing a chimney-piece in the   
drawing-room1 a number of cards tumbled 
out--slips of playing-cards1 with the   
names of some of the most distinguished 
persons of ,hogarth's time written on   
the backs2 the residences were also     

given1 proving that the gentry then     
dwelt where now the poorer classes      
congregate4 ,but the most interesting   
part of the house is the staircase1 with
 its painted ceiling2 the wall of the   
former is divided into three            
compartments1 each representing a sort  
of ball-room back-ground1 with groups of
 figures life-size1 looking down from a 
balcony2 they are well preserved1 and   
one of the ladies is thought to be a    
very faithful portrait of ,mrs4         
,hogarth4 ,hogarth must have spent some 
time in that house3--but we were        
resolved1 despite the repute of its     
being old and ugly1 to visit his        
dwelling-place at ,chiswick2 and though 
we made the pilgrimage by a longer route
 than was necessary1 we did not regret  
skirting the beautiful plantations of   
the ,duke of ,devonshire1 nor enjoying  
the fragrance of the green meadows1     
which never seem so green to us1 as in  
the vale of the ,thames4 ,the house is a
 tall1 narrow1 abrupt-looking place1    

close to the roadside wall of its       
inclosed garden2 numbers of cottage     
dwellings for the poor have sprung up   
around it1 but in ,hogarth's day it must
 have been very isolated3 not leading to
 the water1 as we had imagined1 but     
having a dull and prison-like aspect2   
if1 indeed1 any place can have that     
aspect where trees grow1 and grass is   
checkered by their ever-varying shadows4
 ,the house was occupied from #ahad to  
#ahcb by ,cary1 the translator of       
,dante2 and it would be worth a         
pilgrimage if considered only as the    
residence of this truly-excellent and   
highly-gifted clergyman4  ,illustration3
 ,,room ,,in ,,hogarth',s ,,house4  ,we 
have received from his son an           
interesting note relative to its        
features at the period when it came into
 his father's possession4 ,the house1 he
 says1 stands in one corner of a        
high-walled garden of about three       
quarters of an acre1 that part of the   
garden which faced the house was divided

 into long1 narrow1 formal flower-beds4 
,five large trees1 whose ages bespoke   
their acquaintance with ,hogarth1 showed
 his love of the beautiful as well as   
the useful1 a mulberry1 walnut1 apricot1
 double-blossomed cherry1 and a         
hawthorn3 the last of these was a great 
favorite with my father1 from its       
beauty1 and the attraction it was to the
 nightingale1 which never failed to     
visit it in the spring3 the gardeners   
were their mortal enemies1 and alas1    
have at length prevailed4 ,a few years  
ago1 when ,i went to visit the old      
place1 only one of the trees remained1  
7the mulberry seen in our sketch72 in a 
nook at one side of the garden was a    
nut-walk1 with a high wall and a row of 
filbert-trees that arched triumphantly  
over it2 at one end of this walk was a  
stone slab1 on which ,hogarth used to   
play at nine-pins2 at the other end were
 the two little tombstones to the memory
 of a bird and a dog4 ,the house is as  
you see it here1 the rooms with low     

ceilings and all sorts of odd           
shapes1--up and down1 in and out1--yet  
withal pleasant and comfortable1 and    
rendered more so by the gentle courtesy 
of their mistress and her kindly        
servant2 the very dogs seemed to partake
 of the human nature of their protector1
 and attended us wherever we went1 with 
more than ordinary civility4 ,hogarth   
might have been tempted to immortalize  
one of them for its extreme ugliness1   
and the waggish spirit with which it    
pulled at its companion's ears1 who in  
vain attempted to tug at the bits of    
stumps that stuck out at either side of 
its tormentor's head4 ,mr4 ,fairholt was
 permitted to sketch the drawing room2  
the open door leads to the chamber from 
whence1 it is said1 ,miss ,thornhill    
eloped with ,hogarth4  ,mr4 ,cary1 in   
the note to which we have already       
alluded1 says1 there can hardly be a    
doubt that the house belonged to ,sir   
,james ,thornhill1 and that ,hogarth    
inherited it from him4 ,mrs4 ,hogarth   

lived there after her husband's death1  
and left it by will to a lady from whose
 executor my father bought it in the    
year #ahad4 ,the room from which ,miss  
,thornhill is said to have eloped is the
 inner room1 on the first floor2 this   
room was used by my father as his study4
 ,over the dining-room fireplace was a  
spirited pencil sketch of five heads1   
and under them written 'five jolly      
fellows1' by ,hogarth--during an absence
 the servants of a tenant carefully     
washed all out4  ,we can easily imagine 
how the union between ,hogarth and his  
daughter1 commenced after such a        
fashion1 outraged not only the          
courtliness1 but the higher and better  
feelings of ,sir ,james ,thornhill4     
,hogarth's innate consciousness of power
 may at that time have appeared to him  
vulgar effrontery2 and it is not to be  
wondered at1 that1 until convinced of   
his talent1 he refused him all          
assistance4 ,there is something so false
 and wrong in the concealment that      

precedes an elopement1 and the elopement
 of an only child from an aged father1  
that we marvel how any one can treat    
lightly the outraged feelings of a      
confiding parent4 ,earnest tender love  
so deeply rooted in a father's heart may
 pardon1 but cannot reach forgetfulness 
as quickly as it is the custom of       
play-writers and novelists to tell us it
 may do4  ,sir ,james ,thornhill was    
greatly the fashion2 he was the         
successor of ,verrio1 and the rival of  
,la ,guerre1 in the decorations of our  
palaces and public buildings4 ,his      
demands for the painting of ,greenwich  
,hall were contested2 and though ,la    
,fosse received two thousand pounds for 
his works at ,montague ,house1 besides  
other allowances1 ,sir ,james1 despite  
his dignity as ,member of ,parliament   
for his native town of ,weymouth1 could 
obtain but forty shillings a square yard
 for painting the cupola of ,st4        
,paul's6 ,thus the patronage afforded   
native talent kept him poor2 and though 

it must have been necessary 7one of the 
cruel necessities induced by love of    
display in ,england71 to have an        
establishment suited to his public      
position in ,london1 nothing could be   
more unpretending than his mnage at     
,chiswick4 ,mrs4 ,hogarth1 advised by   
her mother1 skilfully managed to let her
 father see one of her husband's best   
productions under advantageous          
circumstances4 ,sir ,james acknowledged 
its merit at once1 exclaiming1 ,very    
well6 very well6 ,the man who can make  
works like this can maintain a wife     
without a portion2 and soon after became
 not only reconciled1 but generous to   
the young people4 ,hogarth had tasted   
the bitterness of labor2 he had even    
worked for booksellers1 and painted     
portraits6--so that this summer         
brightness must have been full of       
enjoyment4 ,he appreciated it           
thoroughly1 and was ever the earnest    
admirer and the ready defender of ,sir  
,james ,thornhill2 thus the old knight  

secured a friend in his son2 and it was 
pleasanter to think of the hours of     
reconciliation and happiness they might 
have passed within the walls of that    
inclosed garden1 beneath the crumbling  
trellice1 or the shadow of the old      
mulberry tree1 than of the fortuneless  
artist wooing the confiding daughter    
from her home and her filial duties4    
,illustration3 ,,hogarth',s             
,,painting-,,room4  ,we were invited to 
inspect ,hogarth's painting-room--a mere
 loft1 of most limited dimensions1 over 
the stable1 which the imagination could 
easily furnish with the necessary easel1
 or still less cumbrous graver's        
implements4 ,it is situated at the      
furthest part of the garden from the    
house2 a small door in the garden-wall  
leads into a little inclosure1 one side 
of which is occupied by the stable4 ,the
 painting-room is over the stable1 and  
is reached by a stair2 it has but one   
window which looks towards the road4 ,it
 must have been sufficiently commodious 

for ,hogarth's purposes2 but possesses  
not the conveniences of modern          
painting-rooms4 ,the house at ,chiswick 
could only have been a place for        
recreation and repose1 where relaxation 
was cared for1 and where sketches were  
prepared to ripen into publication4     
,there are traditions about ,chiswick of
 ,hogarth having1 while studying and    
taking notes1 frequented a little inn by
 the roadside1 and almost within sight  
of his dwelling4 ,it has been modernized
 throughout--and supplies no subject for
 the pencil--yet it retains some        
indications1 not without interest1 of a 
remote date4 ,the ,painter must have    
been familiar with every class of       
character2 and ,chiswick was then enough
 of a country village to supply him     
amply with material4 ,but1 although a   
keen satirist1 it is certain that he had
 as much tenderness for the lower orders
 of creation1 as a young loving girl4   
,in a corner of this quaint old garden1 
two tiny monuments are affixed to the   

wall1 one chiselled perhaps by          
,hogarth's own hand1 to the memory of   
his canary bird6 ,the thinking character
 of the painter's mind is evidenced in  
this as in every thing he did--the      
engraving on the tomb suggesting        
reflection4 ,charles ,lamb said of him  
truly1 that the quantity of thought     
which he crowded into every picture1    
would alone unvulgarize every subject he
 might choose2 and the refined          
,coleridge exclaims1 ,hogarth6 in whom  
the satirist never extinguished that    
love of beauty which belonged to him as 
a poet4 ,there is something             
inexpressibly tender and touching in    
this memento of his affection for a     
little singing bird3 the feeling must   
have been entirely his own1 for he had  
no child to suggest the tribute to a    
feathered favorite4 ,the tomb was       
afterwards accompanied with one to ,mrs4
 ,hogarth's dog4 ,they are narrow1      
upright pieces of white stone laid      
against the brick-wall1 but they are    

records of gentle and generous          
sympathies not to be overlooked4 ,that  
,hogarth was more than on friendly terms
 with the canine race1 the introduction 
of his own dog into his portrait clearly
 tells1 and doubtless his bird often    
brought with its music visions of the   
country into the heat and dust of       
,leicester ,square--soothing away much  
of his impatience4 ,men who have to     
fight the up-hill battle of life1 must  
have energy and determination2 and      
,hogarth was too out-spoken and         
self-confident not to have made many    
enemies4 ,in after years his success    
7limited though it was1 in a pecuniary  
point of view1 for he died without      
leaving enough to support his widow     
respectably71 produced its ordinary     
results--envy and enmity3 and insults   
were heaped upon him4 ,he was not tardy 
of reply1 but ,wilkes and ,churchill    
were in strong health when nature was   
giving way with the great painter2 an   
advantage they did not fail to use with 

their accustomed malignity4 ,the        
profligate ,churchill1 turning the      
poet's nature into gall1 infested the   
death-bed of ,hogarth with unfeeling    
sarcasm1 anticipating the grave1 and    
exulting over a dying man4              
,illustration3 ,,tombs ,,of ,,dog ,,and 
,,bird4  ,hogarth1 warned by the autumn 
winds1 and suffering from the           
restlessness of approaching dissolution1
 left ,chiswick on the #beth of         
,october1 #agfd1 and returned to his    
residence in ,leicester ,square4 ,he was
 cheerful--in full possession of his    
mental faculties1 but lacked the vigor  
to exert them4 ,the very next day1      
having received an agreeable letter from
 ,doctor ,franklin1 he wrote a rough    
copy of his answer1 but exhausted with  
the effort1 retired to bed4 ,seized by a
 sudden sickness1 he arose--rung the    
bell with alarming violence--and within 
two hours expired6  ,of all the villages
 in the neighborhood of ,london1 rising 
from the banks of the ,thames1 7and how 

numerous and beautiful they are67 few   
are so well known as that of ,chiswick4 
,the horticultural ftes are anticipated 
with anxiety similar to that our        
grandmothers felt for the ftes of       
,ranelagh2 the toilettes of the ladies  
rival the flowers1 and the only foe to  
the fascinating fair ones is the        
weather2 but all which the crowd care   
about in ,chiswick is confined to the   
,duke's grounds and the ,society's      
,gardens4 ,the ,duke's beautiful little 
villa1 erected by the last ,earl of     
,burlington1 is indeed a shrine worthy  
of deep homage2 within its walls both   
,charles ,james ,fox and ,george        
,canning breathed their last2 and if1   
for a moment1 we recall the times of    
,civil ,war1 when each honest ,english  
heart fought bravely and openly for what
 was believed the right1 we may picture 
the struggle between ,prince ,rupert and
 the ,earl of ,essex1 terminating with  
doubtful success1 for eight hundred high
 born cavaliers were left dead on the   

plain that lies within sight of the     
gardens so richly perfumed by flowers1  
and echoing not to the searching trumpet
 or rolling drum1 but to the gossamer   
music of ,strauss and ,jullien4  ,the   
,duke of ,devonshire's grounds1         
containing about ninety acres1 are      
filled with mementos1 pleasant to the   
eye and suggestive to the imagination2  
but we must seek and find a more solemn 
scene1 where the churchyard of ,chiswick
 incloses the ashes of some whose names 
are written upon the pages of ,history4 
,though the church is1 in a degree1     
surrounded by houses1 there is much of  
the repose of a country churchyard about
 it2 the ,thames belts it with its      
silver girdle1 and when we visited its  
sanctuary1 the setting sun cast a mellow
 light upon the windows of the church1  
touching a headstone or an urn1 while   
the shadows trembled on the undulating  
graves4 ,like all church-yards it is    
crowded1 and however reverently we bent 
our footsteps1 it was impossible to     

avoid treading on the soft grass of the 
humble grave1 or the gray stone that    
marks the resting-place of one of the   
better order4  ,illustration3           
,,hogarth',s ,,tomb4  ,how like the     
world was that silent churchyard6 ,high 
and low1 rich and poor1 mingled         
together1 and yet avoiding to mingle4   
,the dust of the imperious ,duchess of  
,cleveland found here a grave2 while    
here too1 as if to contrast the pure    
with the impure1 repose the ashes of    
,mary1 daughter of ,oliver ,cromwell2   
,holland the actor1 the friend of ,david
 ,garrick1 here cast aside his motley4  
,can we wonder at the actor's love of   
applause8--posterity knows him not2     
present fame alone is his--the lark's   
song leaves no record in the air6--,lord
 ,macartney1 the famous ambassador to   
,china1 a country of which our knowledge
 was then almost as dim as that we have 
of the moon--the ambassador rests here1 
while a ,chinese junk is absolutely     
moored in the very river that murmurs   

beside his grave6 ,surely the old place 
is worthy of a pilgrimage4              
,loutherbourg1 the painter1 found a     
resting-place in its churchyard4 ,ralph1
 the historian and political writer1    
whose histories and politics are now as 
little read as the ,dunciad which held  
them up to ridicule1 is buried here2 and
 confined as is the space1 it is rich in
 epitaphs1--three are from the pen of   
,david ,garrick1 two from that of       
,arthur ,murphy4  ,hogarth's monument   
has been very faithfully copied by ,mr4 
,fairholt4  ,it is remarkable among the 
many plainer stones with which the      
churchyard is crowded1 but is by no     
means distinguished for that artistic   
character--which it might have received 
as covering the remains of so great an  
artist4 ,a small slab1 in relief1 takes 
from it1 however1 the charge of         
insipidity2 it contains a comic mask1 an
 oak branch1 pencils and mahl-stick1 a  
book and a scroll1 and the palette1     
marked with the line of beauty4  ,it has

 been remarked1 that while he faithfully
 followed nature through all her        
varieties1 and exposed1 with inimitable 
skill1 the infinite follies and vices of
 the world1 he was in himself an example
 of many virtues4 ,and the following    
poetical tribute by ,david ,garrick is  
inscribed on the tomb3      ,farewell6  
great painter of mankind1       ,who    
reached the noblest point of ,art2      
,whose pictured morals charm the mind1  
,and through the eye correct the heart  
,if ,genius fire thee1 reader1 stay2    
,if ,nature touch thee1 drop a tear2    
,if neither move thee1 turn away1       
,for ,hogarth's honored dust lies here6 
,dr4 ,johnson also composed an epitaph1 
which ,cunningham considers more to the 
purpose1 but still unworthy3      ,the  
hand of him here torpid lies1           
,that drew the essential forms of grace2
     ,here closed in death the attentive
 eyes       ,that saw the manners in the
 face4  ,the tributes--in poetry and    
prose--are just1 examine the works of   

this great painter-teacher as closely   
and suspiciously as we may1 we can      
discover nothing that will induce a     
momentary doubt of his integrity of     
purpose in all he did2 his shafts were  
aimed at ,vice1--in no solitary instance
 was he ever guilty of arraigning or    
assailing ,virtue4 ,compare him with the
 most famous of the ,dutch masters1 and 
he rises into glory2 coarseness and     
vulgarity in them had no point out of   
which could come instruction4 ,if they  
picture the issues of their own minds1  
they must have been gross and sensual2  
they ransacked the muck of life1 and the
 grovelling in character1 for themes    
that one should see only by compulsion4 
,but ,hogarth's subjects were never     
without a lesson1 and1 inasmuch as he   
resorted for them to the open volume of 
humanity1 like those of the most        
immortal of our writers1 his works are  
not for an age but for all time4        
,illustration     ,,nathaniel           
,,hawthorne4  ,illustration   ,the      

author of ,the ,house of ,seven ,gables 
is now about forty-five years of age4   
,he was born in ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 
and is of a family which for several    
generations has followed the sea4 ,among
 his ancestors1 ,i believe1 was the bold
 ,hawthorne1 who is celebrated in a     
revolutionary ballad as commander of the
 ,fair ,american4 ,he was educated at   
,bowdoin ,college in ,maine1 where he   
graduated in #ahbe4  ,probably he       
appeared in print before that time1 but 
his earliest volume was an anonymous and
 never avowed romance which was         
published in ,boston in #ahcb4 ,it      
attracted little attention1 but among   
those who read it with a just           
appreciation of the author's genius was 
,mr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,goodrich1 who immediately 
secured the shrouded star for ,the      
,token1 of which he was editor1 and     
through which many of ,hawthorne's      
finest tales and essays were originally 
given to the public4 ,he published in   
#ahcg the first and in #ahdb the second 

volume of his ,twice-,told ,tales1      
embracing whatever he wished to preserve
 from his contributions to the          
magazines2 in #ahde he edited ,the      
,journal of an ,african ,cruiser2 in    
#ahdf published ,mosses from an ,old    
,manse1 a second collection of his      
magazine papers2 in #ahej ,the ,scarlet 
,letter1 and in the last month the      
longest and in some respects the most   
remarkable of his works1 ,the ,house of 
,seven ,gables4  ,in the introductions  
to the ,mosses from an ,old ,manse and  
,the ,scarlet ,letter we have some      
glimpses of his personal history4 ,he   
had been several years in the           
,custom-,house at ,boston1 while ,mr4   
,bancroft was collector1 and afterwards 
had joined that remarkable association1 
the ,brook ,farm ,community1 at ,west   
,roxbury1 where1 with others1 he appears
 to have been reconciled to the old     
ways1 as quite equal to the inventions  
of ,fourier1 ,st4 ,simon1 ,owen1 and the
 rest of that ingenious company of      

schemers who have been so intent upon a 
reconstruction of the foundations of    
society4 ,in #ahdc1 he went to reside in
 the pleasant village of ,concord1 in   
the ,old ,manse1 which had never been   
profaned by a lay occupant until he     
entered it as his home4 ,in the         
introduction to ,the ,mosses he says3   
,a priest had built it2 a priest had    
succeeded to it2 other      priestly    
men1 from time to time1 had dwelt in it2
 and children1      born in its         
chambers1 had grown up to assume the    
priestly      character4 ,it was awful  
to reflect how many sermons must have   
been written there4 ,the latest         
inhabitant alone--he1 by whose          
translation to ,paradise the dwelling   
was left vacant--had      penned nearly 
three thousand discourses1 besides the  
better1 if      not the greater number1 
that gushed living from his lips4 ,how  
often1 no doubt1 had he paced to and fro
 along the avenue1      attuning his    
meditations1 to the sighs and gentle    

murmurs1 and      deep and solemn peals 
of the wind1 among the lofty tops of the
      trees6 ,in that variety of natural
 utterances1 he could find              
something accordant with every passage  
of his sermon1 were it      of          
tenderness or reverential fear4 ,the    
boughs over my head      seemed shadowy 
with solemn thoughts1 as well as with   
rustling      leaves4 ,i took shame to  
myself for having been so long a        
writer of idle stories1 and ventured to 
hope that wisdom would      descend upon
 me with the falling leaves of the      
avenue2 and that      ,i should light   
upon an intellectual treasure1 in the   
,old ,manse1      well worth those      
hoards of long-hidden gold1 which people
 seek      for in moss-grown houses4    
,profound treatises of morality--a      
layman's unprofessional1 and therefore  
unprejudiced views of                   
religion2--histories 7such as ,bancroft 
might have written1 had      he taken up
 his abode here1 as he once purposed71  

bright with      picture1 gleaming over 
a depth of philosophic thought2--these  
were the works that might fitly have    
flowed from such a      retirement4 ,in 
the humblest event1 ,i resolved at least
 to      achieve a novel1 that should   
evolve some deep lesson1 and      should
 possess physical substance enough to   
stand alone4 ,in      furtherance of my 
design1 and as if to leave me no pretext
 for      not fulfilling it1 there was1 
in the rear of the house1 the      most 
delightful little nook of a study that  
ever offered its      snug seclusion to 
a scholar4 ,it was here that ,emerson   
wrote      ',nature2' for he was then an
 inhabitant of the ,manse1 and used     
to watch the ,assyrian dawn and the     
,paphian sunset and moonrise1      from 
the summit of our eastern hill4 ,when ,i
 first saw the room1      its walls were
 blackened with the smoke of unnumbered 
years1      and made still blacker by   
the grim prints of puritan ministers    
that hung around4 ,these worthies looked

 strangely like bad      angels1 or1 at 
least1 like men who had wrestled so     
continually      and so sternly with the
 devil1 that somewhat of his sooty      
fierceness had been imparted to their   
own visages4 ,they had all      vanished
 now2 a cheerful coat of paint1 and gold
 tinted paper      hangings1 lighted up 
the small apartment2 while the shadow of
 a      willow-tree1 that swept against 
the overhanging eaves1      attempered  
the cheery western sunshine4 ,in place  
of the grim      prints there was the   
sweet and lovely head of one of         
,raphael's      ,madonnas1 and two      
pleasant little pictures of the ,lake of
 ,como4      ,the only other decorations
 were a purple vase of flowers1         
always fresh1 and a bronze one          
containing graceful ferns4 ,my          
books 7few1 and by no means choice2 for 
they were chiefly such      waifs as    
chance had thrown in my way7 stood in   
order about the      room1 seldom to be 
disturbed4  ,in his home at ,concord1   

thus happily described1 in the midst of 
a few congenial friends1 ,hawthorne     
passed three years2 and1 in a spot so   
sheltered from the turmoil of life's    
ocean1 he says1 three years hasten away 
with a noiseless flight1 as the breezy  
sunshine chases the cloud-shadows across
 the depths of a still valley4 ,but at  
length his repose was invaded by that   
spirit of improvement1 which is so      
constantly marring the happiness of     
quiet-loving people1 and he was         
compelled to look out for another       
residence4       ,now came hints1       
growing more and more distinct1 that the
 owner      of the old house was pining 
for his native air4 ,carpenters next    
appeared1 making a tremendous racket    
among the outbuildings1      strewing   
green grass with pine shavings and chips
 of chesnut      joists1 and vexing the 
whole antiquity of the place with their 
discordant renovations4 ,soon1 moreover1
 they divested our abode      of the    
veil of woodbine which had crept over a 

large portion of      its southern face4
 ,all the aged mosses were cleared      
unsparingly      away2 and there were   
horrible whispers about brushing up the 
external walls with a coat of paint--a  
purpose as little to my      taste as   
might be that of rouging the venerable  
cheeks of one's      grandmother4 ,but  
the hand that renovates is always more  
sacrilegious than that which destroys4  
,in fine1 we gathered up      our       
household goods1 drank a farewell cup of
 tea in our      pleasant little        
breakfast-room--delicately-fragrant tea1
 an      unpurchasable luxury1 one of   
the many angel-gifts that had           
fallen like dew upon us--and passed     
forth between the tall      stone       
gate-posts1 as uncertain as the         
wandering ,arabs where our      tent    
might next be pitched4 ,providence took 
me by the hand1      and--an oddity of  
dispensation which1 ,i trust1 there is  
no      irreverence in smiling at--has  
led me1 as the newspapers      announce 

while ,i am writing1 from the old ,manse
 into a ,custom      ,house6 ,as a      
story-teller1 ,i have often contrived   
strange      vicissitudes for my        
imaginary personages1 but none like     
this4      ,the treasure of intellectual
 gold which ,i had hoped to find in     
our secluded dwelling1 had never come to
 light4 ,no profound      treatise of   
ethics--no philosophic history--no      
novel1 even1      that could stand      
unsupported on its edges--all that ,i   
had to      show1 as a man of letters1  
were these few tales and essays1        
which had blossomed out like flowers in 
the calm summer of my      heart and    
mind4  ,the ,mosses from an ,old ,manse 
he declared the last offering of their  
kind he should ever put forth2 unless ,i
 can do better1 he wrote in this        
,introduction1 ,i have done enough in   
this kind4 ,he went to his place in the 
,custom ,house1 in his native city1 and 
if ,president ,taylor's advisers had not
 been apprehensive that in his devotion 

to ledgers he would neglect the more    
important duties of literature1 perhaps 
we should have heard no more of him2 but
 those patriotic men1 remembering how   
much they had enjoyed the reading of the
 ,twice-,told ,tales and the ,mosses1   
induced the appointment in his place of 
a whig1 who had no capacity for making  
books1 and in the spring of last year we
 had ,the ,scarlet ,letter4  ,like most 
of his shorter stories1 ,the ,scarlet   
,letter finds its scene and time with   
the earlier ,puritans4 ,its argument    
involves the analysis and action of     
remorse in the heart of a person who1   
himself unsuspected1 is compelled to    
assist in the punishment of the partner 
of his guilt4 ,this peculiar and        
powerful fiction at once arrested       
attention1 and claimed for its author   
the eminence as a novelist which his    
previous performances had secured for   
him as a writer of tales4 ,its whole    
atmosphere and the qualities of its     
characters demanded for a creditable    

success very unusual capacities4 ,the   
frivolous costume and brisk action of   
the story of fashionable life are easily
 depicted by the practised sketcher1 but
 a work like ,the ,scarlet ,letter comes
 slowly upon the canvas1 where passions 
are commingled and overlaid with the    
deliberate and masterly elaboration with
 which the grandest effects are produced
 in pictorial composition and coloring4 
,it is a distinction of such works that 
while they are acceptable to the many1  
they also surprise and delight the few  
who appreciate the nicest arrangement   
and the most high and careful finish4   
,the ,scarlet ,letter will challenge    
consideration in the name of ,art1 in   
the best audience which in any age      
receives ,cervantes1 ,le ,sage1 or      
,scott4  ,following this romance came   
new editions of ,true ,stories from     
,history and ,biography1 a volume for   
youthful readers1 and of the            
,twice-,told ,tales4 ,in the preface to 
the latter1 underrating much the        

reputation he has acquired by them1 he  
says3       ,the author of ,twice-,told 
,tales has a claim to one               
distinction1 which1 as none of his      
literary brethren will care      about  
disputing it with him1 he need not be   
afraid to mention4      ,he was for a   
good many years the obscurest man of    
letters in      ,america4 ,these stories
 were published in magazines and        
annuals1      extending over a period of
 ten or twelve years1 and comprising    
the whole of the writer's young manhood1
 without making 7so far      as he has  
ever been aware7 the slightest          
impression on the      public4 ,one or  
two among them1 the ,rill from the ,town
 ,pump1      in perhaps a greater degree
 than any other1 had a pretty wide      
newspaper circulation2 as for the rest1 
he has no grounds for      supposing    
that on their first appearance they met 
with the good      or evil fortune to be
 read by any body4 ,throughout the time 
above specified he had no incitement to 

literary effort in a      reasonable    
prospect of reputation or profit2       
nothing but the      pleasure itself of 
composition--an enjoyment not at all    
amiss      in its way1 and perhaps      
essential to the merit of the work in   
hand1 but which1 in the long run1 will  
hardly keep the chill      out of a     
writer's heart1 or the numbness out of  
his fingers4 ,to      this total lack of
 sympathy1 at the age when his mind     
would      naturally have been most     
effervescent1 the public owe it 7and    
it is certainly an effect not to be     
regretted1 on either part71      that   
the author can show nothing for the     
thought and industry      of that       
portion of his life1 save the forty     
sketches1 or      thereabouts1 included 
in these volumes4 ,much more1 indeed1 he
      wrote2 and some very small part of
 it might yet be rummaged out      7but 
it would not be worth the trouble7 among
 the dingy pages      of fifteen or     
twenty year old periodicals1 or within  

the shabby      morocco covers of faded 
,souvenirs4 ,the remainder of the works 
alluded to had a very brief existence1  
but1 on the score of      brilliancy1   
enjoyed a fate vastly superior to that  
of their      brotherhood1 which        
succeeded in getting through the press4 
,in a      word1 the author burned them 
without mercy or remorse1 and1          
moreover1 without any subsequent regret1
 and had more than one      occasion to 
marvel that such very dull stuff as he  
knew his      condemned manuscripts to  
be1 should yet have possessed           
inflammability enough to set the chimney
 on fire6444       ,as he glances over  
these long-forgotten pages1 and         
considers      his way of life while    
composing them1 the author can very     
clearly discern why all this was so4    
,after so many sober years1      he     
would have reason to be ashamed if he   
could not criticise      his own work as
 fairly as another man's2 and1 though it
 is      little his business and perhaps

 still less his interest1 he can        
hardly resist a temptation to achieve   
something of the sort4 ,if      writers 
were allowed to do so1 and would perform
 the task with      perfect sincerity   
and unreserve1 their opinions of their  
own      productions would often be more
 valuable and instructive than      the 
works themselves4 ,at all events1 there 
can be no harm in      the author's     
remarking that he rather wonders how the
      ,twice-,told ,tales should have   
gained what vogue they did1 than        
that it was so little and so gradual4   
,they have the pale tint      of flowers
 that blossomed in too retired a        
shade--the coolness      of a meditative
 habit1 which diffuses itself through   
the      feeling and observation of     
every sketch4 ,instead of passion1      
there is sentiment2 and1 even in what   
purport to be pictures of      actual   
life1 we have allegory1 not always so   
warmly dressed in      its habiliments  
of flesh and blood as to be taken into  

the      reader's mind without a shiver4
 ,whether from lack of power or      an 
unconquerable reserve1 the author's     
touches have often an      effect of    
tameness2 the merriest man can hardly   
contrive to      laugh at his broadest  
humor1 the tenderest woman1 one would   
suppose1 will hardly shed warm tears at 
his deepest pathos4 ,the      book1 if  
you would see any thing in it1 requires 
to be read in      the clear1 brown1    
twilight atmosphere in which it was     
written2      if opened in the sunshine1
 it is apt to look exceedingly like a   
volume of blank pages4444       ,the    
author would regret to be understood as 
speaking sourly or      querulously of  
the slight mark made by his earlier     
literary      efforts on the public at  
large4 ,it is so far the contrary1 that 
he has been moved to write this preface1
 chiefly as affording      him an       
opportunity to express how much         
enjoyment he has owed to      these     
volumes1 both before and since their    

publication4 ,they      are the         
memorials of very tranquil1 and not     
unhappy years4 ,they      failed1 it is 
true--nor could it have been            
otherwise--in      winning an extensive 
popularity4 ,occasionally1 however1 when
 he      deemed them entirely forgotten1
 a paragraph or an article1 from      a 
native or foreign critic1 would gratify 
his instincts of      authorship with   
unexpected praise1--too generous praise1
      indeed1 and too little alloyed    
with censure1 which1 therefore1      he 
learned the better to inflict upon      
himself4 ,and1 by-the-by1      it is a  
very suspicious symptom of a deficiency 
of the popular      element in a book1  
when it calls forth no harsh criticism4 
,this      has been particularly the    
fortune of the ,twice-,told ,tales4     
,they made no enemies1 and were so      
little known and talked      about1 that
 those who read1 and chanced to like    
them1 were apt      to conceive the sort
 of kindness for the book1 which a      

person      naturally feels for a       
discovery of his own4 ,this kindly      
feeling      7in some cases1 at least7  
extended to the author1 who1 on the     
internal evidence of his sketches1 came 
to be regarded as a      mild1 shy1     
gentle1 melancholic1 exceedingly        
sensitive1 and not      very forcible   
man1 hiding his blushes under an assumed
 name1      the quaintness of which was 
supposed1 somehow or other1 to          
symbolize his personal and literary     
traits4 ,he is by no means      certain 
that some of his subsequent productions 
have not been      influenced and       
modified by a natural desire to fill up 
so      amiable an outline1 and to act  
in consonance with the character        
assigned to him2 nor1 even now1 could he
 forfeit it without a      few tears of 
tender sensibility4 ,to conclude1       
however1--these      volumes have opened
 the way to most agreeable associations1
 and      to the formation of           
imperishable friendships2 and there are 

many golden threads1 interwoven with his
 present happiness1      which he can   
follow up more or less directly1 until  
he finds      their commencement here2  
so that his pleasant pathway among      
realities seems to proceed out of the   
,dream-,land of his youth1      and to  
be bordered with just enough of its     
shadowy foliage to      shelter him from
 the heat of the day4 ,he is therefore  
satisfied with what the ,twice-,told    
,tales have done for him1      and feels
 it to be far better than fame4  ,that  
there should be any truth in this       
statement that the public was so slow to
 recognize so fine a genius1 is a       
mortifying evidence of the worthlessness
 of a literary popularity4 ,but it may  
be said of ,hawthorne's fame that it has
 grown steadily1 and that while many who
 have received the turbulent applause of
 the multitude since he began his career
 are forgotten1 it has widened and      
brightened1 until his name is among the 
very highest in his domain of art1 to   

shine there with a lustre equally serene
 and enduring4  ,mr4 ,hawthorne's last  
work is ,the ,house of ,seven ,gables1 a
 romance of the present day4 ,it is not 
less original1 not less striking1 not   
less powerful1 than ,the ,scarlet       
,letter4 ,we doubt indeed whether he has
 elsewhere surpassed either of the three
 strongly contrasted characters of the  
book4 ,an innocent and joyous           
child-woman1 ,phoebe ,pyncheon1 comes   
from a farm-house into the grand and    
gloomy old mansion where her distant    
relation1 ,hepzibah ,pyncheon1 an       
aristocratical and fearfully ugly but   
kind-hearted unmarried woman of sixty1  
is just coming down from her faded state
 to keep in one of her drawing-rooms a  
small shop1 that she may be able to     
maintain an elder brother who is every  
moment expected home from a prison to   
which in his youth he had been condemned
 unjustly1 and in the silent solitude of
 which he has kept some lineaments of   
gentleness while his hair has grown     

white1 and a sense of beauty while his  
brain has become disordered and his     
heart has been crushed and all present  
influences of beauty have been quite    
shut out4 ,the ,house of ,seven ,gables 
is the purest piece of imagination in   
our prose literature4  ,the             
characteristics of ,hawthorne which     
first arrest the attention are          
imagination and reflection1 and these   
are exhibited in remarkable power and   
activity in tales and essays1 of which  
the style is distinguished for great    
simplicity1 purity and tranquillity4    
,his beautiful story of ,rappacini's    
,daughter was originally published in   
the ,democratic ,review1 as a           
translation from the ,french of one ,m4 
de l',aubpine1 a writer whose very name1
 he remarks in a brief introduction1 7in
 which he gives in ,french the titles of
 some of his tales1 as ,contes deux foix
 racontes1 ,le ,culte du ,feu1 etc47 is 
unknown to many of his countrymen1 as   
well as to the student of foreign       

literature4 ,he describes himself1 under
 this nomme de plume1 as one who--      
,seems to occupy an unfortunate position
 between the      transcendentalists    
7who under one name or another have     
their      share in all the current     
literature of the world71 and the       
great body of pen-and-ink men who       
address the intellect and               
sympathies of the multitude4 ,if not too
 refined1 at all events      too remote1
 too shadowy and unsubstantial1 in his  
mode of      development1 to suit the   
taste of the latter class1 and yet too  
popular to a satisfy the spiritual or   
metaphysical requisitions      of the   
former1 he must necessarily find himself
 without an      audience1 except here  
and there an individual1 or possibly an 
isolated clique4  ,his writings1 to do  
them justice1 he says--       ,are not  
altogether destitute of fancy and       
originality2 they      might have won   
him greater reputation but for an       
inveterate      love of allegory1 which 

is apt to invest his plots and          
characters with the aspect of scenery   
and people in the clouds1      and to   
steal away the human warmth out of his  
conceptions4 ,his      fictions are     
sometimes historical1 sometimes of the  
present      day1 and sometimes1 so far 
as can be discovered1 have little or    
no reference either to time or space4   
,in any case1 he generally      contents
 himself with a very slight embroidery  
of outward      manners1--the faintest  
possible counterfeit of real life1--and 
endeavors to create an interest by some 
less obvious      peculiarity of the    
subject4 ,occasionally a breath of      
nature1 a      rain-drop of pathos and  
tenderness1 or a gleam of humor1 will   
find its way into the midst of his      
fantastic imagery1 and make      us feel
 as if1 after all1 we were yet within   
the limits of our      native earth4 ,we
 will only add to this cursory notice1  
that ,m4      de l',aubpine's           
productions1 if the reader chance to    

take them      in precisely the proper  
point of view1 may amuse a leisure hour 
as well as those of a brighter man2 if  
otherwise1 they can      hardly fail to 
look excessively like nonsense4         
,hawthorne is as accurately as he is    
happily described in this curious piece 
of criticism1 though no one who takes   
his works in the proper point of view1  
will by any means agree to the modest   
estimate which1 in the perfect sincerity
 of his nature1 he has placed upon them4
 ,he is original1 in invention1         
construction1 and expression1 always    
picturesque1 and sometimes in a high    
degree dramatic4 ,his favorite scenes   
and traditions are those of his own     
country1 many of which he has made      
classical by the beautiful associations 
that he has thrown around them4 ,every  
thing to him is suggestive1 as his own  
pregnant pages are to the congenial     
reader4 ,all his productions are        
life-mysteries1 significant of profound 
truths4 ,his speculations1 often bold   

and striking1 are presented with        
singular force1 but with such a quiet   
grace and simplicity as not to startle  
until they enter in and occupy the mind4
 ,the gayety with which his pensiveness 
is occasionally broken1 seems more than 
any thing else in his works to have cost
 some effort4 ,the gentle sadness1 the  
half-acknowledged melancholy1 of his    
manner and reflections1 are more natural
 and characteristic4  ,his style is     
studded with the most poetical imagery1 
and marked in every part with the       
happiest graces of expression1 while it 
is calm1 chaste1 and flowing1 and       
transparent as water4 ,there is a habit 
among nearly all the writers of         
imaginative literature1 of adulterating 
the conversations of the poor with      
barbarisms and grammatical blunders     
which have no more fidelity than        
elegance4 ,hawthorne's integrity as well
 as his exquisite--taste prevented him  
from falling into this error4 ,there is 
not in the world a large rural          

population that speaks its native       
language with a purity approaching that 
with which the ,english is spoken by the
 common people of ,new ,england4 ,the   
vulgar words and phrases which in other 
states are supposed to be peculiar to   
this part of the country are unknown    
east of the ,hudson1 except to the      
readers of foreign newspapers1 or the   
listeners to low comedians who find it  
profitable to convey such novelties into
 ,connecticut1 ,massachusetts1 and      
,vermont4 ,we are glad to see a book    
that is going down to the next ages as a
 representative of national manners and 
character in all respects correct4      
,nathaniel ,hawthorne is among the first
 of the first order of our writers1 and 
in their peculiar province his works are
 not excelled in the literature of the  
present day or of the ,english language4
     ,,yeast3 ,a ,,problem4   ,the ,rev4
 ,mr4 ,,kingsley1 author of ,alton      
,locke1 has collected into a book the   
series of vehement and yeasty papers    

which have appeared from his pen in     
,fraser's ,magazine under the above     
title1 and a new impulse is thus given  
in ,england to the discussion of the    
,problem of ,society4 ,the declared     
object of the work--which is of the     
class of philosophical novels--is to    
exhibit the miseries of the poor2 the   
conventionalisms1 hypocrisies1 and      
feebleness of the rich2 the religious   
doubts of the strong1 and the miserable 
delusions and superstitions of the weak2
 the mammon-worship of the middling and 
upper classes1 and the angry humility of
 the masses4 ,the story is very slight1 
but sufficient for the effective        
presentation of the author's opinions4  
,the best characters are an ,irish      
parson1 a fox-hunting squire and his    
commonplace worldly wife1 and a         
thoughtless and reckless but not unkind 
man of the world4 ,here is a sketch of a
 commonplace old ,english vicar1 such as
 has been familiar in the pages of      
novels and essays time out of mind3     

,he told me1 hearing me quote ,schiller1
 to beware of the      ,germans1 for    
they were all ,pantheists at heart4 ,i  
asked him      whether he included      
,lange and ,bunsen1 and it appeared that
 he      had never read a ,german book  
in his life4 ,he then flew              
furiously at ,mr4 ,carlyle1 and ,i found
 that all he knew of him      was from a
 certain review in the ,quarterly4 ,he  
called ,bohmen      a theosophic        
,atheist4 ,i should have burst out at   
that1 had ,i      not read the very     
words in a ,high ,church review1 the day
      before1 and hoped that he was not 
aware of the impudent      falsehood    
which he was retailing4 ,whenever ,i    
feebly interposed      an objection to  
any thing he said 7for1 after all he    
talked      on71 he told me to hear the 
,catholic ,church4 ,i asked him which   
,catholic ,church8 ,he said the         
,english4 ,i asked him whether it       
was to be the ,church of the sixth      
century1 or the thirteenth1      or the 

seventeenth1 or the eighteenth8 ,he told
 me the one and      eternal ,church1   
which belonged as much to the nineteenth
      century as to the first4 ,i begged
 to know whether1 then1 ,i was      to  
hear the ,church according to ,simeon1  
or according to ,newman1      or        
according to ,st4 ,paul2 for they seemed
 to me a little at      variance8 ,he   
told me1 austerely enough1 that the mind
 of the      ,church was embodied in her
 ,liturgy and ,articles4 ,to which ,i   
answered1 that the mind of the episcopal
 clergy might1 perhaps1      be2 but1   
then1 how happened it that they were    
always quarreling      and calling hard 
names about the sense of those very     
documents8      ,and so ,i left him1    
assuring him that living in the         
nineteenth      century1 ,i wanted to   
hear the ,church of the nineteenth      
century1      and no other2 and should  
be most happy to listen to her1 as      
soon as she had made up her mind what to
 say4  ,english travellers in ,america  

give very minute accounts of the bad    
grammar and questionable pronunciation  
they sometimes hear among our common    
people3 with what advantage they might  
go into the rural neighborhoods of their
 own country for exhibitions in this    
line is shown by the following          
description of a scene in a booth1 which
 one of the characters of ,mr4 ,kingsley
 enters at night3       ,sadder and     
sadder1 ,lancelot tried to listen to the
      conversation of the men around    
him4 ,to his astonishment he      hardly
 understood a word of it4 ,it was half  
articulate1 nasal1      guttural1 made  
up almost entirely of vowels1 like the  
speech of      savages4 ,he had never   
before been struck with the significant 
contrast between the sharp1             
clearly-defined articulation1 the       
vivid and varied tones of the gentleman1
 or even of the ,london      street-boy1
 when compared with the coarse1         
half-formed growls1      as of a company
 of seals1 which he heard round him4    

,that single      fact struck him       
perhaps more deeply than any2 it        
connected      itself with many of      
physiological fancies2 it was the parent
 of      many thoughts and plans of his 
after-life4 ,here and there he          
could distinguish a half sentence4 ,an  
old shrunken man opposite      him was  
drawing figures in the spilt beer with  
his pipestem1      and discoursing of   
the glorious times before the great war1
      'when there was more food than    
there were mouths1 and more work        
than there hands4' ',poor human nature1'
 thought ,lancelot1 as he      tried to 
follow one of those unintelligible      
discussions about      the relative     
prices of the loaf and the bushel of    
flour1 which      ended1 as usual1 in   
more swearing and more quarreling1 and  
more      beer to make it up3 'poor     
human nature6 always looking back1 as   
the ,german sage says1 to some fancied  
golden age1 never looking      forward  
to the real one which is coming4  ,the  

descriptive powers of the author are    
illustrated in many fine passages1 of   
which this delineation of an ,english   
day in ,march will serve as a specimen3 
,a silent1 dim1 distanceless1 steaming1 
rotting day in ,march4      ,the last   
brown oak-leaf1 which had stood out the 
winter's      frost1 spun and quivered  
plump down1 and then lay1 as if         
ashamed to have broken for a moment the 
ghastly stillness1 like      an awkward 
guest at a great dumb dinner-party4 ,a  
cold suck of      wind just proved its  
existence1 by toothaches on the north   
side      of all faces4 ,the spiders1   
having been weather-be-witched the      
night before1 had unanimously agreed to 
cover every brake and      brier with   
gossamer-cradles1 and never a fly to be 
caught in      them2 like ,manchester   
cotton-spinners madly glutting the      
markets in the teeth of 'no demand4'    
,the steam crawled out of      the dank 
turf1 and reeked off the flanks and     
nostrils of the      shivering horses1  

and clung with clammy paws to frosted   
hats      and dripping boughs4 ,a       
soulless1 skyless1 catarrhal day1 as if 
that bustling dowager1 old mother       
,earth--what with      match-making in  
spring1 and ftes champetres in summer1  
and      dinner-giving in autumn--was   
fairly worn out1 and put to bed         
with the influenza1 under wet blankets  
and the cold-water      cure4  ,yeast1  
says the ,spectator1 may be looked at as
 a series of sketches1 loosely strung   
together1 descriptive of palpable social
 evils in the mass1 and of metaphysical 
broodings among the more thoughtful     
youth2 a struggle which perhaps is      
always taking place1 and which is no    
further distinctive of the present age  
than the form that is given by our      
intellectual and religious activity4    
,the origin of evil1 its presence in the
 world1 what man was made for1 what he  
struggles for1 what becomes of him1 have
 been questions that excited the        
speculative of all ages1 taking various 

channels according to the circumstances 
of the time4 ,considered from this point
 of view1 as a life-like picture of the 
heavings of the mass1 and the mental    
fermentation going on among             
individuals--of the yeast of            
society--the book displays great        
ability1 and challenges careful         
attention4 ,it is powerful1 earnest1    
feeling1 and eloquent2 the production of
 a man acquainted with society1 who has 
looked closely upon its various classes1
 and has the power of reading the signs 
of the times4 ,he has a truthful vigor  
of description1 a rhetorical rather than
 a dramatic power2 or he sacrifices the 
latter to his habit of expressing his   
opinions in dialogue1 where the author  
talks rather than the dramatis person4  
,there is a genial warmth of feeling in 
the book1 and wide human sympathies1 but
 with a tendency to extremes in         
statement and opinion--a disposition to 
deepen the shadows of ,english life2 for
 go where the author would1 pictures    

quite as bad or worse may be drawn of   
the condition of mankind1 from the      
'noble savage1' the beau ideal of       
,rousseau1 to the educated ',prussian1' 
who was within a little while the model 
man of a certain school of philosophers4
     ,,the ,,littleness ,,of ,a ,,great 
,,people4   ,the future historians of   
this age will have to record no more    
mortifying illustration of the          
difficulties which in a republic prevent
 the success of great ideas than that   
which is presented in the case of ,mr4  
,whitney1 who early in the last month   
sailed for ,england4 ,we transcribe with
 especial approval the following        
paragraphs respecting him and his       
labors1 from the ,tribune3       ,if we 
are not mistaken1 it is now nearly ten  
years since ,mr4      ,whitney first    
devoted himself to his great project1   
and he has      pursued it with a force 
of purpose1 an intelligent apprehension 
of all its bearings and consequences    
upon the world1 a nobility      of      

ambition1 and a sustained1 intellectual 
enthusiasm which      belongs to the    
rarest and most admirable characters4   
,we do not      know in any country a   
man in whom great intellectual and      
practical elements are more happily     
combined4 ,it is not with      the warm 
partiality of private friendship that we
 thus speak of      ,mr4 ,whitney1 for1 
like all men of ideas1 and all of nature
      positive and deep enough to have a
 special mission in the      world1 he  
puts others into relation with the      
thoughts which      engage him rather   
than with his own personality1 and you  
become      intimate with them1 not with
 him4 ,a native1 as we believe1 of      
,connecticut1 brought up to business in 
this city1 where he      acquired a     
competence1 having conceived the idea of
 a vaster      and more inspiring       
enterprise than the political and       
industrial      world had ever          
attempted1 he quitted the pursuits of   
trade1 and      the certain wealth they 

promised him1 to perfect and realize    
his conception4 ,he studied the great   
routes of the world1 and      the causes
 of their adoption4 ,in a residence in  
,europe and by      voyages in the ,east
 he made himself acquainted with the    
facts      relating to the trade and    
productive capacities of ,asia4 ,he     
thoroughly surveyed and mastered the    
whole subject before      beginning its 
discussion4 ,then he proposed the scheme
 to his      countrymen1 and for many   
years has sought exclusively to         
commend it to their favor4 ,he has      
travelled in every direction1           
addressing public bodies and meetings of
 citizens1 writing      newspaper       
articles and pamphlets1 and sparing no  
occasion to      bring the idea and the 
facts connected with it to the knowledge
      of all4 ,wherever he has gone he  
has left some sparks of his own         
genial enthusiasm4 ,the plan has found  
advocates in every      section2 many   
state legislatures have formally        

endorsed it1 and      a large party in  
,congress have been in its favor4       
,dependent      altogether on his own   
pecuniary resources1 ,mr4 ,whitney1     
without      compensation or assistance1
 has labored with a constancy and       
fidelity which could only proceed from a
 great purpose4 ,but      after this    
period of arduous exertion he has failed
 to carry      his plan through         
,congress1 while a great part of the    
lands on      which he must depend for  
its execution1 have already passed      
from the control of the federal         
,legislature4 ,accordingly1      though 
he would greatly prefer that his own    
country should reap      the splendid   
harvest of honor and substantial power  
which the      building of this world's 
highway would assure1 he has no choice  
but to consider the means which may be  
offered him for making      it through  
,british ,america4 ,to the world at     
large the      consequences would be the
 same1 though to the ,united ,states    

very different4       ,the route through
 ,british ,america is1 in some respects1
 even      preferable to that through   
our own territory4 ,by the former1      
the distance from ,europe to ,asia is   
some thousand miles shorter      than by
 the latter4 ,passing close to the      
northern shore of ,lake      ,superior1 
traversing the watershed which divides  
the streams      flowing toward the     
,arctic ,sea from those which have their
 exit      southward1 and crossing the  
,rocky ,mountains at an elevation       
some three thousand1 feet less than at  
the ,south ,pass1 the road      could   
here be constructed with comparative    
cheapness1 and would      open up a     
region abounding in valuable timber and 
other natural      products1 and        
admirably suited to the growth of grain 
and to      grazing4 ,having its        
,atlantic seaport at ,halifax1 and its  
,pacific ,depot near ,vancouver's       
,island1 it would inevitably draw       
to it the commerce of ,europe1 ,asia1   

and the ,united ,states4 ,thus          
,british ,america1 from a mere colonial 
dependency1 would assume      a         
controlling rank in the world4 ,to her  
other nations would be      tributary1  
and in vain would the ,united ,states   
attempt to be      her rival2 for we    
could never dispute with her the        
possession      of the ,asiatic         
commerce1 or the power which that       
confers4       ,but the matter reaches  
beyond the suggestions of national      
interest1 and has a wider scope than the
 mere sentiment of      patriotism4 ,we 
have hoped that this republic might make
 the      easy effort necessary to grasp
 a prize so magnificent1 but we         
shall hail with satisfaction the actual 
commencement of such a      work1       
wherever and by whomsoever it is        
undertaken4     ,a ,,jew ,,and ,a       
,,christian4   ,a few days ago1 a man of
 various genius and acquirement1 with   
whose writings people of many countries 
have been delighted1 entered an office1 

holding in his hand two black-bordered  
notes1 inviting him to funerals4        
,so--other friends have gone6 who now8  
,two persons very unlike each other4    
,truly ,i have never known more striking
 contrasts4 ,i was meditating of popular
 prejudices by which their lives were   
more or less affected1 by which their   
reputations were certainly much         
affected3 one was a ,jew1 and the other 
a ,christian4  ,proceed with your       
morality4  ,i was very poor when ,i came
 to this country4 ,i sought occupation  
in the pursuits for which ,i was best   
fitted by my education3 for a time with 
little success2 and at length ,i was    
offered for the translation of two      
wretched ,french novels1 the meager sum 
of fifty dollars4 ,i sold some of my    
wife's trinkets to purchase paper and   
ink1 and worked diligently1 you can     
guess how many weeks1 until they were in
 ,english as readable as the ,french of 
their author4 ,the task accomplished1 ,i
 went to my patron1 expecting of course 

to have the pittance counted down in    
current notes or gold2 but----the market
 for such literature was by this time   
over stocked2 he had supplied it too    
liberally2 and with some insulting      
excuse he refused the manuscripts4  ,you
 have an invitation to his funeral8     
,yes--he was rich--always speculating in
 the sweat of brains--and we had        
business relations afterward4  ,the     
other history8  ,i chanced one day to   
meet a gentleman1 with whom ,i had no   
personal acquaintance1 though our names 
were known to each other1 and conversing
 of a subject with which ,i was familiar
 he inquired if ,i would write something
 upon it for his journal4 ,i replied    
that ,i would be very happy to do so1   
and as we shook hands1 at parting1 he   
left in my palm two twenty-dollar notes4
 ,he would gladly have avoided a word of
 explanation1 but seeing my surprise he 
said1 ,it is merely a retainer1 as the  
lawyers have it2 consider it upon       
account of the articles you will write  

me4 ,i wrote the articles2 it was but an
 evening's work2 and wrote frequently   
afterward for the same person1 always   
receiving a liberal reward--always more 
than ,i asked--though my employer was   
himself by no means rich4 ,you will     
think that in the first place he        
expected a profit for the money he gave 
me1 but ,i knew better3 he cared not a  
fig for the papers ,i was to prepare2 he
 simply suspected that ,i was in need of
 money1 and took that delicate way to   
relieve me1 as1 in his time1 he relieved
 hundreds of men4  ,a noble             
characteristic of a man perhaps in all  
respects deserving of admiration3 ,but  
what of the prejudice you were          
meditating8  ,it is this--that even in  
this land1 where many an old world      
superstition has found life             
impossible--the community regard a ,jew 
as an incarnation of all selfishness1   
meanness and dishonor4 ,a hundred to    
one1 being told that the hero of one of 
these two histories was an ,israelite1  

would swear instantly that the name of  
him who swindled me was ,moses4 ,but it 
was not3 that person will to-morrow have
 ,christian burial1 and the other--one  
of the most sincere and generous men of 
the age1 was an officer of the          
synagogue4 ,you know--we both know--that
 the ,hebrew race are not only before   
the other races in all fine             
intelligence1 but that in defiance of   
prejudices and disabilities which might 
turn any other people into hordes of    
robbers1 they are of the most honorable 
portion of mankind4     ,,policarpa ,,la
 ,,salvarietta1  ,,the ,,heroine ,,of   
,,colombia4   ,there are not many       
subjects for poetry or romance in       
,american history more suggestive than  
that furnished in the following         
incidents1 translated from ,restrepo's  
,historia de la ,revolucion de la       
,colombia3       ,after the standard of 
liberty had been raised in all the      
provinces1 and the people had struck a  
successful blow for      freedom1       

,morillo1 with an overwhelming force1   
re-conquered the      country for       
,spain4 ,during six months this fiendish
 savage held      undisputed sway over  
,colombia4 ,the best men of the         
provinces      were by him seized and   
shot1 and each of his officers had the  
power of death over the inhabitants of  
the districts in which      they were   
stationed4 ,it was during this period   
that the      barbarous execution of    
,policarpa ,la ,salvarietta--a heroic   
girl      of ,new ,granada--roused the  
,patriots once more to arms1 and        
produced in them a determination to     
expel their oppressors or      die4     
,this young lady was enthusiastically   
attached to the cause      of liberty1  
and had1 by her influence1 rendered     
essential aid      to the ,patriots4    
,the wealth of her father1 and her own  
superior      talents and education1    
early excited the hostility of the      
,spanish commander against her and her  
family4 ,she had promised      her hand 

in marriage to a young officer in the   
,patriot service1      who had been     
compelled by ,morillo to join the       
,spanish army as a      private soldier4
 ,la ,salvarietta1 by means that were   
never      disclosed1 obtained1 through 
him an exact account of the             
,spanish forces1 and a plan of their    
fortifications4 ,the      ,patriots were
 preparing to strike a decisive blow1   
and this      intelligence was important
 to their success4 ,she had induced     
,sabarain1 her lover1 and eight others1 
to desert4 ,they were      discovered1  
and apprehended4 ,the letters of ,la    
,salvarietta1      found on the person  
of her lover1 betrayed her to the       
vengeance      of the tyrant of her     
country4 ,she was seized1 brought to the
      ,spanish camp1 and tried by court 
martial4 ,the highest rewards      were 
promised her if she would disclose the  
names and plans of      her associates4 
,the inducements proving of no avail1   
torture      was employed to wring from 

her the secret1 in which so many of     
the best families of ,colombia were     
interested1 but even on the      rack   
she persisted in making no disclosure4  
,the accomplished      young lady1      
hardly eighteen years of age1 was       
condemned to be      shot4 ,she calmly  
and serenely heard her sentence1 and    
prepared      to meet her fate4 ,she    
confessed to a ,catholic priest1 partook
      of the sacrament1 and with a firm 
step walked to the open      square1    
where a file of soldiers1 in presence of
 ,morillo and      his officers1 were   
drawn up1 with loaded muskets4 ,turning 
to      ,morillo1 she said1 ,i shall not
 die in vain1 for my blood will         
raise up heroes from every hill and     
valley of my country4 ,she      had     
scarcely uttered the above1 when        
,morillo himself gave the      signal to
 the soldiers to fire1 and in the next  
moment ,la      ,salvarietta was a      
mangled and bleeding corpse4 ,the       
,spanish      officers and soldiers were

 overwhelmed with astonishment at the   
firmness and patriotism of this lovely  
girl1 but the effect      upon her own  
countrymen was electrical4 ,the         
,patriots lost no      time in flying to
 arms1 and their war cry1 ,la           
,salvarietta6      made every heart burn
 to inflict vengeance upon her          
murderers4      ,in a very short time   
the army of ,morillo was nearly cut to  
pieces1 and the commander himself       
escaped death only by flight1      and  
in disguise4  ,in ,mexico a dramatic    
piece1 which we have seen described as  
possessing considerable merit1 has been 
founded upon this tragical history4 ,in 
the ,spanish ,american wars there have  
been numerous instances of remarkable   
heroism by women1 which is the more     
noticeable for the little the sex has   
had to gain by the political            
independence of the ,spanish race on    
this continent4     ,a ,,real ,,american
 ,,saint4   ,mrs4 ,jameson1 in her      
beautiful book lately published in      

,london1 ,legends of the ,monastic      
,orders1 has the following account of   
the only ,american woman ever canonized3
       ,santa ,rosa di ,lima was born at
 ,lima1 in ,peru1 in #aehf4 ,this       
flower of sanctity1 whose fragrance has 
filled the whole      ,christian world1 
is the patroness of ,america1 the ,st4  
,theresa      of ,transatlantic ,spain4 
,she was distinguished1 in the first    
place1 by her austerities4 ',her usual  
food was an herb bitter      as         
wormwood4 ,when compelled by her mother 
to wear a wreath of      roses1 she so  
adjusted it on her brow that it became a
 crown of      thorns4 ,rejecting a host
 of suitors1 she destroyed the lovely   
complexion to which she owed her name1  
by an application of      pepper and    
quicklime4 ,but she was also a noble    
example of      filial devotion1 and    
maintained her once wealthy parents1    
fallen on evil days1 by the labor of her
 hands4' ,all day she      toiled in a  
garden1 and at night she worked with her

 needle4      ,she took the habit of the
 third order of ,st4 ,dominic1 and died 
in #afag4 ,she was canonized by ,clement
 ,x4 ,according to the      ,peruvian   
legend1 the ,pope1 when entreated to    
canonize her1      absolutely refused1  
exclaiming1 ',india y santa6 asi como   
llueven rosas6' 7,india and saint6 as   
much so as that it rains      roses6'7  
,whereupon1 a miraculous shower of roses
 began to fall      in the ,vatican1 and
 ceased not till the incredulous pontiff
      acknowledged himself convinced4   
,among men saints have been more        
plentiful4     ,authors and ,books4     
,we have already briefly spoken of ,dr4 
,,andree',s work on ,america which is   
now publishing at ,brunswick1 ,germany1 
by the house of ,westermann1 a branch of
 which is established in this city at   
the corner of ,broadway and             
,duane-streets4 ,the book in question is
 to consist of three volumes of some six
 hundred and fifty octavo pages each1   
devoted respectively to ,north1         

,central1 and ,south ,america4 ,it is   
published in numbers of some eighty     
pages each2 of these numbers four are   
already issued1 and we have read them   
with great satisfaction4 ,the broad and 
philosophical spirit1 the exhaustive    
learning1 and the spirited and          
picturesque style of ,dr4 ,andree are   
beyond praise2 among all the books on   
,america which we have met with this    
impresses us as unique1 and if the      
remainder shall prove equal to what is  
already published1 we hope that some    
,american publisher may undertake a     
translation of the whole into ,english4 
,the work opens with an introduction of 
some forty odd pages1 in which1 first1  
the physical characteristics of the new 
world are set forth with great clearness
 and beauty3 its mountains1 rivers1     
lakes1 climate1 vegetable and animal    
kingdoms2 the origin of the aboriginal  
inhabitants1 their languages1 races1    
manners1 customs1 and civilization2 the 
settlements of ,europeans1 the          

,spaniards1 the ,spanish and ,portuguese
 states1 the ,creoles1 ,mexico1 ,brazil1
 c4 ,amalgamation of races1 the negroes1
 ,slavery1 influence of the ,latin      
races1 the ,teutonic race1 the ,united  
,states1 their growth and destiny1 are  
made the subjects of a continuous       
discussion1 remarkable alike for an air 
at least of breadth and profundity1     
careful and comprehensive knowledge1 and
 for concise and often eloquent         
expression4 ,the introduction is        
followed by chapters on ,iceland1       
,greenland1 and the various expeditions 
to the polar regions of the north1      
treating those topics both historically 
and ethnographically1 and with a clear  
presentation of every interesting and   
important fact4 ,next follows a general 
survey of the continent north of the    
fiftieth1 degree of latitude1 its       
rivers1 lakes1 forests1 animals1 men1   
and commerce1 including an account of   
the various ,indian tribes1 and the     
trading companies dealing with them4    

,the trading posts of the ,hudson's ,bay
 ,company1 ,lord ,selkirk's colony on   
,red ,river1 ,labrador1 ,newfoundland1  
the ,british ,possessions on the ,west  
coast1 ,russian ,america1 are           
successively treated4 ,next the ,indians
 in ,canada and the ,united ,states are 
considered at length1 in respect of     
their history1 traditions1 languages1   
monuments1 customs1 the influence of the
 whites upon them1 and their probable   
destiny4 ,in this connection we notice  
that ,dr4 ,andree frequently cites      
,gallatin1 ,schoolcraft1 ,squier1 and   
other ,american writers4 ,the remainder 
of the first volume will treat of the   
,united ,states1 their political history
 and organization1 their soil1 climate1 
people1 c41 not failing to give whatever
 information may be useful to the       
,european settler looking for a new     
home1 as well as to the savan looking   
for light upon ethnographic and social  
problems4  ,from this general outline   
the scope of the book may be inferred1  

but our readers will permit us to refer 
to one or two points which are dwelt    
upon in the introduction4 ,dr4 ,andree  
contends with the earnestness of a      
determined partisan for the originality 
of the vegetable and animal creations1  
as well as of the human race upon this  
continent1 rejecting entirely the theory
 that either was transplanted from the  
eastern hemisphere4 ,the unity of the   
human family1 he maintains with a class 
of writers distinguishable chiefly for a
 sleepless activity in assailing the    
authority of the ,christian religion1   
does not require the assumption of      
numerical identity of origin1 but rather
 the contrary4 ,it is not necessary1 he 
says1 to assume the arithmetical oneness
 of mankind1 and the derivation of all  
from a single pair1 thus arbitrarily    
confining and limiting the creative     
power of the ,highest ,being2 and this  
position he proceeds to advocate by a   
variety of arguments1 at the same time  
controverting the opposite opinion1 and 

especially the notion of the late ,major
 ,noah that the ,indians of this        
continent were descendants of the lost  
ten tribes of ,israel4 ,in this         
impertinence is the only noteworthy     
fault we discover in the book4          
,discussions of such controverted points
 as this belong exclusively to the      
audience of scholars4 ,a far more       
interesting and satisfactory part of the
 introduction is that devoted to the    
,spanish and ,portuguese in ,america1   
and their influence on the native       
tribes1 and vice versa4 ,the contrast   
which these races and the states they   
have founded exhibit to the ,germanic   
race in ,north ,america is brought out  
by ,dr4 ,andree in a striking manner4   
,all the ,south ,american republics     
except ,chili are in a condition of     
comparative or actual disorder3 no signs
 of expanding life and progress are     
visible among them2 every where the     
conflict of races and castes is active  
or only partially suppressed2 ,brazil   

alone1 by the monarchical form of its   
executive1 7though its institutions are 
fundamentally democratic17 is spared    
from the anarchy which prevails among   
its neighbors1 and there too1 alone1 the
 black1 yellow1 and red races are       
politically equal and in the way of     
complete amalgamation2 but in all these 
states the ,european element1 instead of
 growing more powerful and influential1 
tends constantly to greater weakness1   
and is likely to be completely absorbed 
and swallowed up2 since the wars of     
independence the white race has         
diminished1 not increased in number2 and
 instead of conferring on the native    
races the civilization and refinement   
which was its native property1 it is so 
far dominated by them as to relapse     
toward their ignorance and rudeness2 and
 after three centuries all ,spanish     
,america1 the ,west ,indies included1   
contains not more than fifteen millions 
of inhabitants1 about a fifth of whom   
are whites1 that is to say as many as   

are found in the ,state of ,new-,york   
alone4 ,or1 reckoning for all ,america  
south of the ,united ,states1 five      
millions of whites1 this population     
still falls far short of that which     
within thirty years has taken possession
 of the country between the ,alleghanies
 and the ,mississippi4 ,such is the     
difference between the ,latin and the   
,saxon races4 ,the latter has spread    
itself with astonishing rapidity1 never 
mixing1 to any extent1 with negroes or  
,indians1 nor allowing mixed races to   
get the upper hand1 or even exercise any
 influence4 ,the ,anglo-,saxon civilizes
 the other races or devotes them to     
extinction4 ,and yet ,south ,america is 
naturally better than ,north4 ,it is    
richer and more productive1 and endowed 
with a system of rivers compared with   
which that of the ,mississippi seems    
trifling4 ,had it been settled by       
,anglo-,saxons and ,germans instead of  
,creoles and mixed breeds1 it would long
 since have worn another aspect2        

steamboats would have covered the rivers
 up to the very foot of the             
,cordilleras1 and the vast plains would 
have been occupied by flourishing towns 
and cultivated fields4  ,the parallel   
which ,dr4 ,andree draws between the    
history of the ,united ,states and      
,europe for the last fifty years is so  
strikingly put1 that we make room for a 
single passage by way of specimen3      
,a comparison of the history of ,europe 
and of ,north ,america      during the  
time since the first ,french revolution 
is in every      respect to the         
advantage of the ,united ,states4 ,the  
old world      has been convulsed by    
wars1 a military emperor has had the    
sway      of ,europe1 and broken        
kingdoms into fragments2 blood has      
flowed      in torrents1 and thousands  
of millions have been wasted for        
unproductive purposes and on royal      
vanity4 ,since the fall of      the     
,great ,soldier the nations have        
incessantly risen against      their    

rulers1 and more than a million of men  
now stand in arms      to restrain the  
people and serve the passions of        
monarchs and      their cabinets4 ,only 
sixty years ago the entire valley of the
      ,mississippi was still a desert1 a
 wide wilderness1 with hardly      here 
and there a settlement4 ,now we see this
 empire in      subjection--conquered1  
not by soldiers1 with waving banners and
      sounding trumpets1 but by the toil
 of the farmer1 the skill of      the   
artisan1 the enterprising spirit of the 
merchant4 ,they have      drained       
morasses1 cleared up forests1 opened    
roads1 dug canals1      built ships1 and
 founded flourishing states4 ,within the
 period      of two generations they    
have peopled that wilderness with ten   
millions of industrious inhabitants1 and
 opened a new home to      the arts of  
peace1 to civil and religious liberty1  
to culture      and progress4 ,in these 
sixty years1 not so much blood has been 
shed in wars against ,indians in the    

,mississippi valley as in      one of   
the hundreds of battles fought by the   
soldiers of      ,european states1 most 
of them for useless or even pernicious  
ends4 ,no blessing has followed the wars
 and conquests in      ,europe1 but in  
the ,great ,west1 conquered by labor and
      enterprise1 all is progress and   
unexampled prosperity4  ,there are      
numerous other passages tempting us to  
translate them1 but our space is already
 exhausted1 and we forbear4         99  
99       99       99       99  ,we have 
already taken occasion to commend the   
,tausend und ein ,tag im ,orient        
7,thousand and ,one ,days in the ,east7 
by ,,bodenstedt1 the well-known author  
of the ,wars of the ,circassians4 ,no   
writer gives so just an insight into the
 character of that portion of the great 
,oriental family which he visited--the  
,circassians and ,georgians4 ,the second
 part of his present book 7lately       
published at ,berlin7 contains some     
interesting criticisms of a ,tartar     

poet1 whom ,bodenstedt knew at ,tiflis1 
upon ,european poetry4 ,our traveller1  
partly by way of practice in the ,tartar
 language1 and partly to inspire his    
eastern friend with greater respect for 
the bards of the ,occident1 used to     
translate ,english and ,german songs    
into ,tartar4 ,mirza ,shaffy1 the name  
of the ,tartar sage and poet1 proved    
himself no contemptible critic of these 
foreign productions4 ,not once could he 
be induced to tolerate a poem whose only
 merit was the beauty and melody of its 
language in the original1 nor to swallow
 the mere sentimentalism which plays so 
great a part in ,german poetry          
especially4 ,this sentimentalism1 says  
,bodenstedt1 is as unknown as it is     
unintelligible to the ,oriental poet4   
,he aims always at a real and tangible  
object1 and in gaining it puts heaven   
and earth in motion4 ,no image is too   
remote1 no thought too lofty for his    
purpose4 ,the new moon is a golden shoe 
for the hoof of his heroes' steed4 ,the 

stars are golden nails1 with which the  
,lord has fastened the sky1 lest it     
should fall with admiration and desire  
for his fair one4 ,the cypresses and    
cedars grow only to recall the lithe and
 graceful form of ,selma4 ,the weeping  
willow droops her green hair to the     
water1 grieving because she is not      
slender like ,selma4 ,the eyes of his   
beloved are suns which make all the     
faithful fire-worshippers4 ,the sun     
itself is but a gleaming lyre1 whose    
beams are golden strings1 whence the    
dawn draws the loveliest accords to the 
praise of the earth's beauty and the    
power of love4  ,mirza ,shaffy was a    
great lover of ,moore and ,byron1 and   
some of their songs which were          
translated needed no explanation to     
render them intelligible to him4        
,wolfe's marvellous poem on the death of
 ,sir ,john ,moore made a deep          
impression on him1 and was a special    
favorite4 ,gothe and ,heine he liked    
greatly1 especially ,goethe's song of   

,mignon1 ,knowst thou the ,land1 and    
,heine's ,fisher's ,song 7which         
,schubert has set to such delicious and 
befitting music7 which ends--      ,my  
heart is like the ocean1       ,has     
storm1 and ebb1 and flow1     ,and many 
a lovely pearlet       ,rests in its    
depths below4  ,schiller he could not so
 well understand1 and often the attempt 
adequately to translate this poet had to
 be given up in despair4 ,however1      
,mirza ,shaffy admitted that some of his
 poems had substance in them4 ,uhland   
and ,geibel were not much to his mind4  
,one day1 ,bodenstedt translated into   
,tartar a song by the latter1 which we  
in our turn thus render into ,english3  
,the silent water lily       ,springs   
from the earth below1     ,the leaves   
all greenly glitter1       ,the cup is  
white as snow4      ,the moon her golden
 radiance       ,pours from the heavens 
down1     ,pours all her beams of glory 
,this virgin flower to crown4      ,and1
 in the azure water1       ,a swan of   

dazzling white     ,floats longing round
 the lily1       ,that trances all his  
sight4      ,ah low he sings1 ah sadly1 
,fainting with sweetest pain2     ,o    
lily1 snow white lily1       ,hear'st   
thou the dying strain8  ,mirza ,shaffy  
cast the song aside1 with the words1 ,a 
foolish swan6  ,don't the song please   
you8 asked the translator4  ,the        
conclusion is foolish1 replied the      
,tartar2 what does the swan gain by     
fainting8--he only suffers himself1 and 
does no good to the rose4 ,i would have 
ended--      ,then in his beak he takes 
it1       ,and bears it with him home4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,mr4 ,ross1 the editor of ,allgemeine   
,auswanderungszeitung 7,universal       
,journal of ,emigration71 an excellent  
and useful ,german periodical1 has just 
published in ,germany the ,auswanderer's
 ,handbuch 7,emigrant's ,manual71       
devoted especially to the service of    
those who design emigrating to the      
,united ,states4 ,his manual is a       

valuable collection of whatever a new   
comer into this country should know4    
,the constitution and political         
arrangements of the ,union1 its         
legislation1 its means of intercourse1  
the peculiarities of soil and climate   
proper to different sections1 the state 
of agriculture1 and the chances of      
employment for persons of different     
classes1 professions1 and degrees of    
education1 are all given4 ,mr4 ,ross was
 himself born in the ,united ,states1   
and understands what he writes about4   
,at the same time his book gives a fair 
and thorough view of the difficulties   
with which the emigrant to this country 
must contend4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,at ,pesth1       
,hungary1 is about to appear a          
biographical work on ,hungarian         
statesmen and orators who were prominent
 before the revolutionary period4 ,paul 
,nagy1 ,eugen ,bethy1 ,franz ,dak1      
,stephan ,bezerdy1 ,bartholomaus        
,szemere1 the two ,wesselenyis1 the two 

,dionys ,pazmandys1 ,stephan ,szechnyi1 
and ,joseph ,etvos 7the last known in   
the ,united ,states by translations of  
his novels71 are among the characters   
described4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,a new book on the new     
world is the ,europa ed ,america1 by    
,dr4 ,,ant4 ,,caccia1 an ,italian       
litterateur1 who has apparently been in 
this country and describes it1 as he    
professes to do1 from nature4 ,he says  
that he found the people of ,new-,york  
occupied mainly in making money4  ,the  
,german authoress ,,fanny ,,lewald1 has 
in press a book entitled ,england und   
,schottland 7,england and ,scotland71   
made up from the notes of a journey     
through those countries4 ,its           
publication just at this moment is for  
the benefit of the crowds of ,germans   
who are going to the ,world's ,fair1 and
 who may find in it all sorts of        
preparatory information4 ,a specimen    
chapter published in one of our ,german 
papers reads pleasantly4 ,fanny ,lewald 

is a phenomenon1 of a class of women who
 know something about every thing4      
,nothing is too high or too low to      
become an object of consideration to    
these female ,teufelsdrcks1 petticoated 
professors of the science of things in  
general4 ,the intellectual cultivation  
among the middle and higher class of    
society in ,prussia1 the patronage      
bestowed by the court upon learning1 the
 arts1 and sciences2 the encouragement  
to discuss freely every imaginable theme
 in politics or religion1 with the      
single exception of the measures of the 
administration1 all tended to create a  
taste for mental display in which it was
 necessary that women should            
participate1 if they wished to retain   
their old position in the social world4 
,in the salons of ,berlin1 therefore1   
women have been heard taking a prominent
 part in conversations in which the most
 abstruse questions in religion1        
politics1 and general science were      
discussed4 ,the philosophers1 male and  

female1 debarred by the spy system from 
any open investigation of passing       
political events1 revenged themselves by
 treating these events as mere temporary
 phases of the great system of          
evolutions which forms the material of  
history1 scarcely worthy of notice1 and 
directed their attention to the great   
principles which underlie all great     
social and religious developments4 ,a   
strange tone was thus given to          
conversation4 ,listening to the talkers 
at a ,berlin conversazione1 one might   
have fancied1 judging from the nature of
 the subjects of conversation1 that a   
number of gods and goddesses were       
debating on the construction of a world4
 ,vulgar bricks and mortar they ignored1
 and were anxious only about primary and
 secondary geological formations4 ,the  
actual state of any society was scarcely
 cared for1 except in illustration of a 
principle1 and the great forces which   
must unite to form the best possible    
society1 were the only subjects of      

investigation4 ,it may be taken as a    
great proof of the wonderful facility of
 adaptation of the female mind1 that    
women joined in these conversations as  
readily as men1 and frequently with far 
more brilliancy1 in spite of the range  
of reading which it must require to     
obtain even a superficial knowledge of  
the subjects of discourse4 ,fanny       
,lewald is one of these prodigies4 ,she 
has studied every thing from the        
,hegelian philosophy downwards4 ,she is 
as great in revolutions as in ribbons1  
and is as amusing when talking sentiment
 over oysters and ,rheinwein1 in the    
,rathskiller at ,bremen1 as when        
meditating upon ancient art and         
philosophy in ,wilhelm von ,humboldt's  
castle of ,tegel near ,berlin4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,we have read with great interest a     
series of articles which have appeared  
in the recent numbers of the ,grenzboten
 upon ,,george ,,sand4 ,though we have  
often failed to agree with the view of  

the writer1 ,mr4 ,julian ,schmidt1 one  
of the editors of that paper1 we have   
rarely met with literary criticism of   
more ability1 and a more just and       
catholic spirit4 ,we translate the      
conclusion of the last article1 in which
 ,mr4 ,schmidt gives the result of his  
careful analysis of all the works of the
 author3 ,the novel1 on account of its  
lax and variable form1 and the caprice  
which it tolerates1 is in my opinion not
 to be reckoned among those kinds of    
art1 which1 as classic1 will endure to  
posterity4 ,the authors who have been   
most read in modern times have already  
been checked in their popularity by the 
greater attraction of novelty offered by
 their successors4 ,this is the case    
even with ,walter ,scott4 ,besides1 in  
most of her writings1 ,george ,sand has 
dealt with problems whose justification 
later times will not understand2 and    
thus it may happen that hereafter she   
will be regarded as of consequence in   
the history of literature alone4 ,but in

 that sphere she will have a permanent  
importance4 ,future centuries will      
regard her as the most significant image
 of the morbid but intense striving     
which marks this generation4 ,when it   
has long been agreed that the lauded    
works of ,victor ,hugo1 ,eugene ,sue1   
,lamartine1 ,alfred de ,musset1 and     
others1 are but the barren outgrowths of
 an untamed and unrestrained fancy1 and 
a perverted reflection2 when the same   
verdict has been pronounced on the poems
 of ,m4 de ,chateaubriand1 whose value  
is now taken as a matter of belief and  
confidence1 because there are few who   
have read them2 then the true poetic    
element in the works of ,george ,sand   
will1 in spite of all its vagaries1     
still be recognized4 ,and more than     
this1 since the period of sentimentalism
 will be seen as more extensive1 and as 
the works of ,richardson1 ,rousseau 7of 
course only those which belong in this  
category71 and of ,madame de ,stal and  
others1 will be included in it1 then we 

say that the better productions of our  
authoress will carry off the prize from 
all the rest4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,two collections  
of songs1 national and lyric1 have made 
their appearance in ,germany4 ,the one  
is by ,,george ,,scherer1 and is called 
,deutsche ,volkshelier1 the other1 by   
,,wolfgand ,,menzel1 is entitled ,die   
,gesange der ,volker 7,the ,songs of the
 ,nations74 ,the former is exclusively  
,german2 the latter contains songs from 
every civilized tongue under heaven1 as 
well as from many of the uncivilized1 in
 ,german versions1 of course4 ,both are 
elegantly printed1 and highly commended 
by the knowing in that line of          
literature4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,,henri ,,murger has
 published a companion volume to his    
,scnes de la ,bohme in the shape of some
 stories called ,scnes de la ,vie de    
,jeunesse4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,a curious specimen of what
 may be done by a ready writer who is   

scrupulous only about getting his pay1  
is afforded by a book just published at 
,leipzic1 called ,zahme ,geschichten aus
 wilder ,zeit 7,tame ,stories of a ,wild
 ,time71 by ,frederick ,ebeling4 ,in    
these tame stories the heroes of the    
late revolutionary movements are held up
 now in one light1 and now in another1  
with the most striking disregard of     
consistency4 ,jellachich1 for instance1 
is lauded in one place as the most      
genial and charming of men1 a scholar   
and gentleman1 without equal1 and almost
 in the next page he is called a        
ferocious butcher1 who never wearies of 
slaughtering human beings4 ,these       
discrepancies are accounted for by the  
fact that ,mr4 ,ebeling wrote for both  
conservative and radical journals1 and  
adapted his opinions to the wants of the
 market he was serving4 ,he would have  
done well to reconcile his articles with
 each other before putting them into a  
book4         99       99       99      
99       99  ,a valuable work on        

national law is entitled ,du ,droits et 
des ,devoirs des ,nations ,neutres en   
,temps de ,guerre ,maritime1 by ,m4 ,l4 
,b4 ,hautefeuille1 a distinguished      
,french jurist1 lately published at     
,paris in four octavos4 ,it is praised  
by no less an authority than the eminent
 advocate ,m4 ,chaix d',est ,ange1 as   
the fruit of mature and conscientious   
study3 he calls it the most complete and
 one of the best works on modern        
national law ever produced4 ,the author 
in the historical part of his treatise1 
criticises the monopolizing spirit and  
policy of the ,english without mercy1   
and insists that the balance of power on
 the sea is of no less importance than  
that on land4 ,he would have established
 a permanent alliance of armed          
neutrality1 with ,france and the ,united
 ,states at its head1 to maintain the   
maritime rights of weaker states in time
 of war1 against the encroachments of   
,british commerce and ambition4         
99       99       99       99       99  

,a ,vienna publishing establishment has 
offered ,,grillparzer1 the ,german      
dramatist1 #d1jjj for his writings1 but 
he refuses1 not because he thinks the   
price too low1 but because he will not  
take the trouble of preparing and       
publishing a collected edition of his   
dramas1 the last of which was entitled  
,maximilian ,robespierre1 a five act    
tragedy4 ,he has also a variety of      
unpublished manuscripts1 which it is    
feared will never see the light4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,students and amateurs of music will    
find their account in taking the        
,rheinische ,musikzeitung 7,rhine       
,musical ,gazette71 published at        
,cologne1 under the editorial care of   
,prof4 ,bisehof4 ,its criticism is      
impartial1 intelligent1 and free from   
the prejudices of the schools4 ,german  
musical criticism has no better organ4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,german poet ,,simrock has just    
published a new version of the two      

,eddas1 with the mythical narratives of 
the ,skalda1 which is spoken of as a    
valuable contribution to literature4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,royal ,society of ,northern       
,antiquaries held its annual session on 
the #aeth ,february at the palace of    
,christianbourg1 the ,king of ,denmark  
presiding4 ,mr4 ,,rafn read the report  
of the transactions of the ,society     
during the year1 and laid before the    
meeting a new number of the ,annals of  
the archaeology and history of the      
,north1 and the completed volume of the 
,archaeological ,journal1 published by  
the ,society4 ,he also announced that   
the second volume of his own work on    
,russian ,antiquities was in            
preparation1 and that about half of it  
was already printed4 ,to give an idea of
 this work1 he read from it a           
biographical notice on ,biorucon1 of    
,arngeirr1 an ,icelander by birth1      
distinguished alike as a warrior and a  
poet1 and by his exploits in ,russia    

where he served ,vladimir the ,great4   
,after this1 other members of the       
,society gave interesting accounts of   
the results of their various labors     
during the year4 ,the ,king presented a 
paper on excavations made under his     
personal direction in the ruins of the  
castles of ,saborg and ,adserbo1 in the 
,north of ,seland4 ,these castles date  
from the middle ages2 the memoir was    
accompanied by drawings4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,historisches ,tashcenbuch 7,historical 
,pocket-,book71 edited by the learned   
,prussian ,raumer is a publication      
eminently worthy of notice4 ,the number 
for the year #ahea opens with           
biographical sketches of three women1   
,ines de ,castro and ,maria and ,lenora 
,telley1 who played important parts in  
,spanish and ,portuguese history in the 
,x,i,vth ,century4 ,they are followed by
 a concise history of the ,german marine
 by ,bartholdy1 twelve letters by ,john 
,voigt on the manners and social life of

 the princes at the ,german ,diets1 a   
picture from the ,x,v,ith ,century1 the 
sequel of a memoir by ,guhrauer on      
,elizabeth1 ,abbess of ,herford1 a      
friend of ,william ,penn1 and a         
correspondent of ,malebranche1 ,leibnitz
 and ,descartes1 c41 c4 c4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,an      
interesting account of a most eventful  
period and country is the ,bilder aus   
,oestreich1 just published at ,leipzic1 
by a ,german traveller4 ,the traveller  
is understood to be one of the editors  
of the ,grenzboten1 and the period he   
describes comprises the revolutionary   
years #ahdh-i4 ,his account of ,vienna  
in the memorable ,october days of #ahdh1
 is graphic1 and even thrilling4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,,cotta1 of ,stuttgart1 has just        
published a new collection of poems by  
,,franz ,,dingelstedt1 under the title  
of ,night and ,morning4 ,the themes are 
drawn from the revolution1 its hopes and
 its disappointments4         99        

99       99       99       99           
,,frederic ,,louis ,,jahn1 the          
celebrated ,german professor1 who       
invented the modern system of           
gymnastics1 is writing his personal     
memoirs4 ,he is about seventy years of  
age1 and his long life has been full of 
significant incidents4  ,to those who   
seek a good acquaintance with the       
current belles-lettres literature of    
,germany1 we can cordially recommend the
 ,deutsches ,museum1 published          
semi-monthly at ,leipsic1 under the     
editorial care of ,professor ,robert    
,prutz and ,wilhelm ,wolffson1 and sold 
in this city by ,westermann1 #bij       
,broadway4 ,each number contains        
eighty-five close pages1 filled by some 
of the leading writers of ,german       
science1 art and politics4 ,in the      
number now before us1 are articles by   
,gutzkow1 ,bch1 the philologist1        
,berthold ,auerbach1 ,emanuel ,geibel   
and ,julius ,mosen4 ,the entire range of
 politics1 philosophy1 antiquities1 art1

 poetry1 romances and literary criticism
 is included in the scope of the        
,museum1 except that it is designed not 
for the learned world1 but for the mass 
of the people1 and accordingly aims at  
general not technical instruction4      
,among the art notices1 we observe a    
brief criticism on the ,gallery of      
,illustrious ,americans1 in which the   
lithography of the pictures is praised  
as well as the faces themselves4 ,the   
critic is delighted with the energy1    
originality and freshness of character  
expressed in their features4         99 
99       99       99       99  ,a       
valuable contribution to current        
political history is the                
,verfassungskampf in ,kurhessen         
7,constitutional ,struggle in ,electoral
 ,hesse71 by ,dr4 ,h4 ,grfe1 which has  
just made its appearance in ,germany4   
,the conflict of the people and         
parliament and public officers1 against 
the selfish1 arbitrary and foolish      
,elector1 is the turning point of recent

 ,german politics1 and the defeat of the
 former after their patience and        
firmness1 acting always within the      
limits of the constitution1 had gained a
 decided victory1 and compelled the     
faithless prince to fly the country1--a 
defeat accomplished only by the         
intervention of ,austrian and ,prussian 
troops1 was the final downfall of every 
form of political liberty in ,germany4  
,dr4 ,grfe has wisely abstained from    
treating the events of this crisis as a 
philosophical historian2 they are too   
fresh1 and his own share in them was too
 decided to allow him to undertake that 
successfully4 ,he accordingly does      
little more than simply report the      
transactions in a compendious way1 with 
all the documents necessary to a full   
understanding of the subject4 ,whoever  
wishes for a thorough apprehension of   
the ,german tragi-comedy1 may derive aid
 from his work4         99       99     
99       99       99  ,the resources of 
philology have just been enriched by the

 publication at ,tubingen of a          
dictionary of six of the dialects of    
,eastern ,africa1 namely1 the           
,kisuaheli1 ,kinika1 ,kikamba1          
,kipokomo1 ,kihian1 and ,kigalla4 ,this 
is accompanied by a translation of      
,mark's ,gospel into the ,kikamba       
dialect1 and a short grammar of the     
,kisuaheli4 ,the author of these works  
is the ,protestant minister ,krap1 who  
has been for fifteen years in ,ethiopia1
 and has collected and presented to the 
,university at ,tubingen a considerable 
number of most valuable ,ethiopian      
manuscripts4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,a notable and    
interesting book is ,,behse',s          
,geschichte des preussischen ,hofes und 
,adels 7,history of the ,prussian ,court
 and ,nobility7 of which the two first  
volumes have just been published at     
,hamburg by ,hoffman  ,campe4 ,the whole
 work will contain from thirty to forty 
small volumes1 and will treat all the   
states of ,germany1 only some half dozen

 volumes being devoted to ,prussia4 ,the
 two now published bring the history    
down to the reign of ,frederic ,william 
,,ii4 ,they abound in most curious      
historic details4 ,for instance1 the    
acquisition of the title of ,king of    
,prussia by the ,elector of             
,brandenburgh1 ,frederic ,,iii41 is     
narrated at length4 ,it seems that this 
prince1 who was deformed in body1 but as
 politic as he was ambitious in spirit1 
after many fruitless efforts obtained   
from the ,emperor at ,vienna the grant  
of the royal dignity1 by a bribe of two 
hundred thousand thalers1 paid to the   
,jesuit ,father ,wolff1 as a            
compensation for the influence of the   
,society1 whose members were flattered  
that the most powerful of the           
,protestant princes of ,germany should  
solicit their assistance4 ,the whole    
cost of the grant was six millions of   
thalers1 an enormous sum for these      
times4 ,the ,papal ,court refused to    
recognize the new king1 and did not     

until ,frederic the ,great4         99  
99       99       99       99  ,we      
believe a general ,biographical         
,dictionary of ,illustrious ,women1 now 
in course of publication in ,berlin1 is 
to be reproduced here1 with suitable    
additions4 ,we need1 while discussions  
of the sphere and capacities of women   
are so common among us1 a work of real  
learning and authority1 in which the    
part which the sex has borne and is     
capable of bearing in the business of   
civilizing1 shall be carefully and      
honestly exhibited4 ,there are fifteen  
or twenty volumes of short biographies  
of women now in print in this country1  
with prospects of others--all worthless 
except this extensive ,german work1     
which is considerably advanced1 and for 
its literary merit as well as for the   
interest of its materials1 will command 
an unusual degree of attention4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,countess ,ida ,hahn ,hahn is writing a 
work to be called ,my ,way from         

,darkness to ,light1 from ,error to     
,truth4 ,she has became a ,catholic1 and
 this book is intended to tell why4 ,a  
cheap edition of her works is publishing
 at ,berlin4 ,we presume they are no    
longer in her control1 but belong to her
 publishers1 as she could scarcely      
consent to reprint some of them4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,a new work bearing as its title the    
single word ,italia1 is about to be     
published at ,frankfort on the ,main4   
,it is a complete artistic1 historic and
 poetic manual for travellers in that   
lovely peninsula4         99       99   
99       99       99  ,the ,cologne     
,musical ,society lately offered a prize
 for the best symphony4 ,eighty-three   
have been offered1 of which one only    
seems to be a pure plagiarism4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,a book just published in ,germany under
 the title of ,berlin und die ,berliner 
contains some exceedingly interesting   
details concerning the great naturalist 

,,alexander ,,von ,,humboldt1 from which
 the ,international translates the      
following3 ,when1 in the years #ahcd-e1 
we young students thronged into lecture 
room ,no4 ,,viii41 at eight o'clock on  
winter mornings1 to hear ,bckh on ,greek
 literature and antiquities1 we used to 
see in the crowd of students in the dark
 corridor a small1 white-haired1 old1   
and happy-looking man1 dressed in a long
 brown coat4 ,this man was the studiosus
 philologi1 ,alexander von ,humboldt1   
who came1 as he said1 to go through     
again what he had neglected in his      
youth4 ,when we met him in the          
lecture-room we respectfully made way   
for him2 for though we had no respect   
for any body1 especially professors1    
,humboldt was an exception1 for he knew 
'a hellish deal4' ,to his own honor1 the
 ,german student still respects this    
quality4 ,during the lecture ,humboldt  
sat on the fourth or fifth bench near   
the window1 where he drew a piece of    
paper from a portfolio in his pocket1   

and took notes4 ,in going home he liked 
to accompany ,bckh1 so as in            
conversation to build some logical      
bridge or other from the old world to   
the new1 after his ingenious fashion4   
,there was then in the class a man who  
has since distinguished himself in      
political literature1 but whom we had   
nicknamed ',mosherosh1' that is         
,calves'-head1 on account of his stupid 
appearance4 ,as ,mosherosh generally    
came in late1 it was the fashion to     
receive him with a magnificent round of 
stamping4 ,one day1 ,humboldt came too  
late1 and just at the usual time of     
,mosherosh1 and without looking up we   
gave the regular round1 while ,humboldt1
 blushing and embarrassed1 made his way 
to his place4 ,in a moment the mistake  
was seen1 and a good-natured laugh      
succeeded4 ,humboldt also attended the  
evening lectures of ,ritter on universal
 geography1 and let the weather be as   
bad as it might1 the gray-haired man    
never failed4 ,if for a rarity he       

chanced not to come1 we said among      
ourselves in students' jargon1          
',alexander cuts the college to-day1    
because he's gone to ,king's to tea4'   
,once1 on occasion of discussing an     
important problem of physical geography1
 ,ritter quoted him1 and every body     
looked up at him4 ,humboldt bowed to us1
 with his usual good nature1 which put  
the youngsters into the happiest humor4 
,we felt ourselves elevated by the      
presence of this great thinker and most 
laborious student4 ,we seemed to be     
joined with him in the pursuit of great 
scientific ends4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,the rewards of   
,authors1 we suspect1 are greatest in   
,france4 ,in ,germany1 ,england and the 
,united ,states they are about the same4
 ,cooper1 ,irving and ,prescott1 in this
 country1 have each received for        
copyrights more than one hundred        
thousand dollars4 ,in ,england1 ,dickens
 has probably received more than any    
other living author--and in ,france     

,lamartine1 ,victor ,hugo1 ,dumas1      
,scribe1 ,thiers1 and many others1 have 
obtained large fortunes by writing4 ,in 
,germany ,dieffenbach received for his  
book on ,operative ,surgery some #c1ejj2
 and ,perthes of ,hamburg1 paid to      
,neander on a single work1 more than    
#bj1jjj1 exclusive of the interest his  
heirs still have in it4 ,poets like     
,uhland1 ,freiligrath1 ,geibel1 have    
also received as much as #f1jjj or      
#ab1jjj on the sales of a single volume4
 ,long ago in ,boston1 ,robert ,treat   
,paine received #a1ejj for a song4 ,of  
our living poets1 ,longfellow has been  
most liberally paid4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,george    
,stephens1 the learned translator of the
 ,frithiof's ,saga of ,,bishop ,,tegner1
 in a letter to ,the ,international     
states that he is now printing at       
,copenhagen three ,anglo-,saxon poems of
 the eleventh century1 namely3 ,the ,old
 ,testament ,story1 ,on the ,sixth      
,day's ,work1 and ,the ,new ,testament  

,story1 by ,aelfric1 ,archbishop of     
,york1 now just translated into the     
metre and alliteration of the original4 
,the three poems will make a quarto     
volume of about thirty sheets1 and      
copies may be ordered 7price three      
dollars71 through the ,hon4 ,h4 ,w4     
,ellsworth1 late ,united ,states ,charge
 d',affaires in ,sweden1 at ,new-,york1 
or ,dr4 ,s4 ,h4 ,smith1 of ,cincinnati4 
,of the ability and fidelity with which 
the work will be executed1 the readers  
of the ,frithiof's ,saga need no other  
assurance4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,etherization1 after all1  
is not a modern discovery1 and ,wells1  
,jackson1 and ,morton1 are alike        
undeserving of the praise they have     
received on account of it4 ,the ,paris  
,sicle states that a manuscript1 written
 by ,papin1 known1 for his experiments  
connected with the motive power of      
steam1 has been discovered near ,marburg
 in ,electoral ,hesse2 that the work    
bears the name of ,trait des ,oprations 

sans ,douleur1 and that in it are       
examined the different means that might 
be employed to deaden1 or altogether    
nullify1 sensibility when surgical      
operations are being performed on the   
human body1 ,papin composed this work in
 #afha1 but his contemporaries treated  
it with ridicule1 and he abandoned the  
medical profession4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,a new five-act   
play1 tragic of course1 has just        
appeared at ,berlin1 founded on the     
history of ,philip ,augustus of ,france4
 ,it is by a lady of the aristocratic   
circles of the ,prussian capital1 who   
now makes her debut in literature4 ,it  
is praised as excellent by those who are
 not in the habit of being satisfied    
with the writings of ladies4 ,a         
collection of poems from the same pen is
 shortly to appear4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,m4 ,bianchi's    
,turkish and ,french ,dictionary1 in two
 large octavos1 has reached a second    
edition at ,paris4 ,it is all that could

 be desired for the use of diplomatic   
and consular agents1 traders1           
navigators1 and other travellers in the 
,levant1 but not designed for critics in
 the language or its literature4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,the students of geography and foreign  
modes of life1 owe a debt to the ,french
 ,general ,,daumas1 for his three works 
on north-western ,africa4 ,the first    
entitled1 ,le ,sahara ,algerien1 is an  
exact and thorough and scientific       
account of the desert in ,algiers1      
given1 however1 with a flow of manly1   
soldatesque imagination1 which imparts  
life and charm to the narrative1 and    
even adorned with frequent quotations   
from the ,arab poets1 who have sung the 
various localities he describes4 ,the   
second of these works is called ,le     
,grand ,desert3 in form it is a series  
of romances1 the author having chosen   
that as the best manner of conveying to 
the reader a distinct impression4 ,the  
hero is a dweller in the interior1 a    

member of the tribe of ,chambas1 who    
came to ,algiers1 as he says1 because he
 had predestined him to make that       
journey4 ,the general interrogates him1 
and the ,arab recounts his adventures4  
,as he had thrice traversed the desert  
to the negro country beyond1 and had    
seen beside all the usual events in the 
life of that savage region1 the author  
violates no probability in putting into 
his mouth the most strange and          
characteristic stories4 ,the whole are  
told with a fictitious reproduction of  
the teser and somewhat monotonous1 yet  
figurative style1 proper to all savages4
 ,la ,grande ,kabylie recounts the      
personal experiences of the author in   
that yet unconquered country of the     
,arabs1 whither he went with ,marshal   
,bugeaud in his last expedition4        
,kabylia he describes as a picturesque  
and productive region4 ,there are deep1 
sheltered valleys1 where along the      
shores of winding streams1 nature has   
planted hedges of perpetual flowers1    

while the mountains on each side stand  
yellow with the ripe and ripening grain4
 ,the people are braver and more        
energetic1 their habitations more       
substantial1 and their fields more      
valuable than those in other parts of   
,algeria4 ,gen4 ,daumas would have      
,france subjugate this country and add  
it to her ,african dominions4         99
       99       99       99       99    
,m4 de ,conches1 who is well known for  
his illustrations of early ,french      
literature1 is an enthusiastic admirer  
of ,la ,fontaine3 and he has spent a    
vast sum in having printed one copy     
only1 and for himself alone1 of an      
edition of his works1 illustrated by the
 first artists of the day1 accompanied  
by notes and prefaces of the most       
eminent writers1 and forming a very     
miracle of expensive and recherch       
typography and binding4 ,dibdin had     
never so good a subject for his         
,bibliomania4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,jules ,sandeau1  

one of the most spirituel and elegant of
 ,french romance writers1 announced a   
new novel1 ,catherine1 to appear on the 
#aeth of ,april4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,another book on  
the ,fall of ,louis ,philippe has been  
published at ,paris by ,m4 ,francois de 
,groiseillez4 ,it is in the ,orleanist  
interest1 and is praised by the ,journal
 des ,dbats4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,the most         
profligate woman of whom we have any    
account in ,roman history was the       
empress ,massalina1 and nothing is more 
natural than that she should be selected
 for a heroin by a ,frenchman4 ,in a new
 five act play of which the ,parisian   
journals give us elaborate criticisms1  
she is represented as a very virtuous   
wife1 by the ingenious contrivance of   
giving a certain courtezan such a       
striking personal resemblance to her    
that it was impossible to distinguish   
between the two1 and making the         
courtezan commit all the atrocities of  

the real ,massalina4 ,the play is not   
without literary merit4 ,it is called   
,valeria--the heroine's other name being
 considered too strong to figure on a   
play-bill4 ,rachel plays the two        
characters of ,massalina and the        
courtezan--of course with the most      
perfect success4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,a new ,review has
 been established in ,paris under the   
title of ,la ,politique ,nouvelle4 ,it  
comes out as the rival of the ,revue des
 ,deux ,mondes1 and as the champion of  
the new republican rgime 7as opposed to 
the conservative tendencies of the older
 established ,review71 offers battle    
with a promising array of names of      
future contributors4 ,the department of 
,english criticism is confided to ,m4   
,lon de ,wailly1 author of ,stella and  
,vanessa and the translator of ,burns2  
whose name promises a knowledge and     
intelligent appreciation of ,english    
literature4 ,the first two numbers      
contain contributions from the brilliant

 and caustic pen of ,eugene ,pelletan1  
and a serial from ,madame ,charles      
,reybaud1 author of the ,cadet de       
,calubrieres1 ,helene1 c4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,victor  
,hugo1 since the appearance of the last 
volume of ,le ,rhine1 four or five years
 ago1 has not printed a new book4 ,the  
proprietor of his copyrights1 who had   
brought out two splendid editions of his
 complete works1 one in twenty-five     
volumes1 and another1 illustrated by the
 best artists of ,france1 in twelve1    
made a contract with him by which he has
 been prevented from any original       
publications4 ,the term is now nearly   
expired1 and it is announced that he    
will at once issue three volumes of     
poetry1 and twelve of romances4 ,he is  
now engaged in finishing a novel        
entitled ,misery1 which is spoken of by 
those who have seen portions of it as a 
magnificent work4         99       99   
99       99       99  ,m4 de ,st4       
,beuve1 since ,october1 #ahdi1 the      

literary critic of ,le ,constitutionnel1
 a writer who has pushed himself up in  
the world far ahead of his merits1 has  
published at ,paris a volume1 ,causeries
 du ,lundi 7,monday ,gossipings71 which 
is no great things4 ,these gossipings   
are taken from the columns of that      
journal1 where they are regularly       
published on ,mondays1 and where we have
 occasionally had the benefit of seeing 
them4 ,if they were not written by a    
member of the ,french ,academy1 and an  
eminent litterateur1 we should say they 
were rather stupid1 as far as ideas go1 
and not very elegant in respect of      
style4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,we had recently the ,cooks
 of ,paris1 in a handsome volume1 with  
portraits2 ,the ,journals and ,editors  
of ,paris1 in another volume1 and now   
one ,paul ,lacroix1 sometimes called    
bibliophile ,jacob1 has announced a     
,history1 ,political1 ,civil1           
,religious1 ,military1 ,legislative1    
,judicial1 ,moral1 ,literary1 and       

,anecdotic1 of the ,shoe and the        
,bootmakers of ,france4 ,he treats of   
the ancient corporations1 their         
discipline1 regulations1 and of the     
fraternities1 with their obligations and
 devices1 sketching the whole history of
 ,la ,chaussure4 ,shoemakers have been  
well represented among the famous men of
 all nations1 and the craft may be proud
 of ,hans ,sachs1 ,jacob ,boehme1       
,gifford1 ,bloomfield1 ,drew1 ,holcraft1
 ,lackington1 ,sherman1 ,william ,carey1
 ,george ,fox1 and a hundred others1    
besides the heroes of ,monsieur         
,lacroix4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,bibliophile ,jacob        
,,lacroix1 we see by the ,paris papers1 
has also discovered a comedie-ballet by 
,molire1 written in #afed1 and never    
included in any edition of his works4   
,it is entitled ,le ,ballet des         
incompatibies1 and appears to have been 
written by order of the ,prince de      
,conti1 and acted before him by ,molire 
himself and other persons of the        

,prince's circle4 ,that it remained so  
long unknown is explained by the        
circumstance of a few copies only having
 been printed for the favored           
spectators4 ,the plot is described as   
ingenious1 and the verses not unworthy  
of the author4 ,it is known that when   
the ,prince de ,conti presided over the 
states of ,languedoc in #afed1 he       
invited thither ,molire and his company4
 ,he professed so much admiration for   
the actor that he offered him the       
confidential situation of secretary1    
which was declined2 but it seems natural
 enough that he should have shown his   
gratitude by composing one of those     
entertainments which cost him so little 
trouble4 ,this ,prince de ,conti was at 
one time so passionately fond of        
theatricals that he made it his         
occupation to seek out subjects for new 
plays1 but at a later period he wrote a 
treatise in which theatres were severely
 condemned on religious grounds1 and    
,molire himself was personally and      

violently attacked4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,among the new    
biographical works announced in ,paris1 
is one on the ,life1 ,virtues and       
,labors of the late ,right ,rev4 ,dr4   
,,flaget1 ,roman ,catholic ,bishop of   
,bardstown and ,louisville1 ,kentucky4  
,the author is a clergyman1 who         
accompanied the late ,bishop in one of  
his last missions to ,europe4 ,bishop   
,flaget died at the age of eighty-seven4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,m4 ,xavier ,marmier1 whose visit to
 the ,united ,states we noticed some    
months ago1 has published his ,letters  
on ,canada1 the ,united ,states1 ,cuba1 
and ,rio ,la ,plata1 in two             
volumes--constituting one of the most   
agreeable works ever published in ,paris
 upon this country4 ,we shall soon1 we  
believe1 have occasion to review a      
translation of the ,letters1 by a       
,new-,yorker4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,guizot and       
,thiers--the most eminent living        

statesmen of ,france1 as well as her    
greatest living historians--were for a  
long time connected with the ,paris     
journals1 and each made his first       
appearance as a writer in criticisms on 
the ,fine ,arts4 ,for several years the 
former published series of articles on  
the exhibitions of the ,louvre1 which   
were remarkable both for artistic       
knowledge and literary verve4 ,the      
latter also published in #ahaj a        
pamphlet on the exhibition in the       
,louvre1 which excited great            
sensation--more1 however1 from its      
having a political tendency than for its
 critical importance4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,,mr4    
,,mignet1 whose condensed ,history of   
the ,french ,revolution is best known to
 ,american readers in the cheap reprint 
of ,bohn's ,library1 and which in ,paris
 has passed through numberless          
editions--will soon have completed his  
,history of ,mary ,stuart1 which is     
destined1 probably1 to supersede every  

other in the ,french language4 ,mignet  
is perpetual ,secretary of the ,academy 
of ,moral ,sciences1 and was for many   
years head of the department of         
,archives in the ,foreign ,office4 ,as a
 man of letters and a sedulous inquirer1
 no ,french author enjoys higher        
reputation4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,lamartine has just 
published in ,paris ,the ,history of the
 ,restoration1 from #ahad to #ahcj1 in  
eight volumes4 ,the work has been       
composed hastily1 and probably by       
several hands1 for money4 ,the poet has 
also published ,the ,stone ,cutter of   
,saint-,pont1 to which we have before   
referred--a new book of sentimental     
memoirs3 they pall after two            
administrations4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,the ,histoire des
 ,races ,maudites et les ,classes       
,rprouvs1 by ,francisque ,michel and    
,edouard ,fournier1 publishing at       
,paris1 with illustrations1 has advanced
 to the twentieth number4 ,the whole is 

to contain a hundred numbers1 forming   
three volumes4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,m4 ,michelet1 the
 well-known professor of history in the 
,college de ,france1 has incurred a vote
 of censure from his associates on      
account of his lectures to the students1
 which1 we infer from notices of them1  
are quite too republican and socialistic
 to be approved by the directors of     
affairs4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,a new work1 by ,m4        
,theophile ,lavalle1 entitled           
,l',histoire de ,paris et ses ,monumens 
from ancient times to #ahej1 has just   
been published at ,paris1 with          
illustrations by ,m4 ,champin4 ,it is   
warmly commended by the ,dbats4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,mullie1 of the ,university of ,france1
 has published in two large octavos1 a  
,biographical ,dictionary of the        
,military ,celebrities of ,france1 from 
#aghi to #ahej4         99       99     
99       99       99  ,a second edition 

of the new ,life of the great           
,chancellor ,d',auguesseau1 by ,m4      
,,bouille1 has been published in ,paris4
 ,the book continues to be praised4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,a ,romance and ,tales1 said to have    
been written by ,,napoleon ,,bonaparte1 
when he was a youth1 are announced for  
publication in the ,paris ,sicle4       
,though the ,sicle is a very respectable
 journal1 and it engages that these     
compositions are perfectly authentic1   
and shall be accompanied by proofs of   
their genuineness1 we do not believe a  
word of the pretence of their           
authorship4 ,it is a fact1 however1 not 
unworthy of note1 in a psychological    
point of view1 that the earliest        
development of ,napoleon's ambition and 
powers1 before a fit field of action had
 been opened to them1 was in a literary 
form4 ,at the age of fifteen1 when at   
the royal school at ,paris1 he          
voluntarily prepared a memoir upon the  
luxury and expense attending education  

at that place1 in which he urged the    
propriety of the students adopting hardy
 habits and a simple fare1 and          
themselves to such toils and exposure as
 they would encounter in war4 ,in #aghg1
 at the age of eighteen1 at ,valence1 he
 gained1 anonymously1 a prize proposed  
to the ,academy of ,lyons by the ,abb   
,raynal1 on the question1 ,what are the 
principles and institutions best adapted
 to advance mankind in happiness8 ,in   
this essay he defined happiness as      
consisting in the perfect enjoyment of  
life according to the laws of our       
physical and moral organization3 and the
 forcible views1 well adapted to the    
temper of the times1 and the vivid style
 of writing1 attracted much attention4  
,when he was emperor1 he was one day    
conversing with ,talleyrand about this  
essay1 and the latter1 a few days after1
 took occasion to present it to him1    
having procured it from the archives of 
the academy at ,lyons4 ,the emperor took
 it1 and after reading a few pages1     

threw it into the fire1 saying1 ,one can
 never observe every thing4 ,talleyrand 
had not taken the precaution to         
transcribe it2 but it has been said that
 ,louis ,bonaparte had had it copied1   
and that it is now in print4 ,about the 
same time he began a history of         
,corsica1 which he dedicated to the ,abb
 ,raynal1 by whom he had been noticed   
and caressed4 ,he corresponded with     
,paoli in relation to it1 and was in    
treaty with ,m4 ,joly1 a bookseller of  
,dole1 for its publication4 ,raynal1 who
 read the manuscript1 advised its       
completion2 but some change of purpose  
prevented its being finished1 and it is 
now lost4 ,during his residence at      
,auxonne1 in #agij1 ,napoleon wrote and 
printed a letter to ,buttafoco1 the     
,corsican deputy for the nobles in the  
,national ,assembly4 ,it is a brilliant 
and powerful piece of argument and      
invective1 strongly on the revolutionary
 side4 ,it produced a marked impression1
 and was adopted and reprinted by the   

patriotic society at ,ajaccio4 ,while at
 ,marseilles1 in #agic1 ,napoleon wrote 
and published a political dialogue1     
called ,the ,supper of ,beaucaire--a    
judicious1 sensible1 and able essay1    
intended to allay the agitation then    
existing in that city4 ,a copy of it was
 brought to him in later days1 but      
seeing no advantage in reviving1 under  
the circumstances of a different time1 a
 production written for a temporary and 
local excitement1 he ordered its        
suppression4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,the ,life of     
,calvin1 by ,paul ,henry1 has been      
translated from the ,german by the ,rev4
 ,dr4 ,henry ,stebbing1 of ,london1 and 
we have the first of the two octavos of 
which it consists1 from the press of    
,robert ,carter  ,brothers4 ,so much    
inexcusable ignorance1 so much perverse 
misrepresentation1 so much insolent     
lying1 may be found scattered through   
modern literature1 respecting the great 
,genevan1 that ,dr4 ,henry deserves well

 the thanks of the christian world for  
exhibiting the chief facts of his       
history1 so plainly that every partisan 
knave who would repeat the old slanders1
 shall be silent hereafter for very     
shame4 ,john ,calvin was unquestionably 
subject to the infirmities of our human 
nature2 so was ,john ,milton2 but the   
inherent and indefectable greatness of  
these two men was such1 that they dwell 
apart like stars1 in glory scarcely     
approachable by mortal virtue or        
intelligence4 ,john ,calvin and ,john   
,milton were in an extraordinary degree 
the authors of modern institutions of   
liberty1 and it would be difficult to   
decide which has most merit of this     
praise4 ,the late ,albert ,gallatin was 
wont to say that when we celebrated our 
condition on the fourth of ,july1 we    
should first drink to the memory of     
,john ,calvin1 and then to the immediate
 authors of the ,declaration of         
,independence4 ,mr4 ,gallatin did not   
hold to all the dogmas of ,calvin1 but  

he could not speak of the               
creatures--like ,dyer1 for example--who 
employ their pennyworth of wit to       
prejudice the vulgar against him1       
without some signs of scorn4 ,we can    
never forget his merciless              
characterization of a malicious         
feeble-mind1 who in a book entitled ,a  
,monograph of ,moral ,sense1 declared   
that ,calvin never had enough humanity  
in his nature to select even one verse  
by the ,evangelists for pulpit          
illustration1--though the ,reformer     
really preached some folio volumes of   
commentaries upon the ,gospels1 preached
 from them as much as he did from any   
other portion of the ,bible4 ,this      
person--his name was ,smith--was not    
more reckless of truth than it has been 
the fashion for anti-,calvinists to be1 
when writing of that great man and his  
doctrines1 which they seem to have      
thought could be put down by petty      
libels4  ,calvin is now being born into 
a new life1 as it were2 the critics and 

printers of each particular language are
 as busy with him as the ,english have  
been with ,shakspeare4 ,his amazing wit1
 and genius1 and learning1 are found as 
attractive and powerful now as they were
 three hundred years ago4 ,and this life
 of him by ,henry1 embodying whatever of
 contemporary records is most needful   
for the illustration of his writings1   
will be likely to have a large sale with
 every class of historical students1 as 
they discover that the popular and      
partisan notions of him are untrue4     
,certainly no one should attempt to form
 an opinion of ,calvin without          
thoroughly acquainting himself with     
,henry4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,in ,paris1 ,m4 ,,miller1  
librarian to the ,assembly1 has made an 
important discovery among some old      
,greek ,,mss4 of a lost work by ,origen4
 ,the ,journal des ,dbats describes the 
original work as being in ten books2 the
 first of which is already known to the 
world under the title of                

,philosophumena4 ,the last seven books  
have just been printed at the university
 press in ,oxford1 under the editorial  
direction of ,m4 ,miller1 who went to   
,england for that purpose4 ,they make an
 octavo volume of about three hundred   
and fifty pages4 ,the ,dbats says the   
work is a refutation of heresies1 in    
which the author endeavors to prove that
 the heresiarchs have all taken their   
doctrines from the ancient              
philosophers3--a very curious task for  
,origen to perform1 since he was himself
 chiefly remarkable for the mixture of  
,zeno1 ,plato1 and ,aristotle1 which he 
compounded with his ,christianity4 ,but 
apart from its controversial interest1  
the recovered manuscript will throw new 
light on the opinions and practices of  
the ,neo-,platonists1 and on the manners
 and customs of ancient times4          
,discoveries like this point out the    
necessity for a larger and more combined
 action of learned societies in the     
search for ancient manuscripts4         

,origen's ,stromata might even yet be   
completed3 and it is not to be supposed 
that all the existing fragments of his  
,hexapla were collected by ,montfaucon4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,from ,constantinople we learn that very
 important discoveries of ancient ,greek
 ,,mss4 have been made1 in a cave1 near 
the foot of ,mount ,athos1 bringing to  
light a vast quantity of celebrated     
works quoted by various ancient writers1
 and hitherto deemed entirely lost4     
,they furnish1 according to the accounts
 in the journals1 an extensive list of  
proper names calculated to throw great  
light upon many obscure periods of      
history4 ,among these volumes1 it is    
said1 some are calculated to give a     
complete interpretation of hieroglyphic 
writing--the discoverer having already  
successfully applied them to the        
interpretation of the inscriptions      
engraved on the obelisk of the          
,hippodrome at ,constantinople4 ,this   
may be quite true1 but such statements  

are to be received with some suspicion4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,a literal prose translation of ,homer1 
by ,mr4 ,t4 ,a4 ,buckley1 has just      
appeared in ,london4 ,no prose version  
will cause any just notion of the spirit
 of ,homer4 ,of the half dozen metrical 
translations published recently1 we     
think that of our countryman ,munford   
the best4 ,henry ,w4 ,herbert has given 
us parts of the ,iliad in admirable     
style4 ,no one1 however1 has yet        
equalled old ,chapman--certainly not    
,pope nor ,cowper4 ,the most successful 
translation into a modern language is   
unquestionably the ,german one by ,voss4
 ,mure and ,grote have written the      
ablest dissertations in ,english upon   
the ,homeric controversy1 but they are  
not poets1 and could not if they would  
translate the great bard4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,r4 ,p4  
,,gillies1 a contemporary of the great  
authors of the last age1 has published  
in three volumes ,memoirs of a ,literary

 ,veteran4 ,more than half a century    
spent in the society of the lions of    
literature1 could hardly fail to furnish
 a store of amusing anecdotes1 and a    
sprinkling of interesting information4  
,mr4 ,gillies has also this advantage   
over many collectors of similar         
reminiscences1 that he was not only an  
author among authors1 but that his      
social position in early life gave him  
access to the best circles4 ,scott1     
,wordsworth1 ,campbell1 the ,ettrick    
,shepherd1 ,rogers1 ,galt1 ,maginn1     
,haydon1 and many more names of         
interest1 figure frequently in his      
pages4 ,upon the whole1 however1 his    
work is tedious1 and quite too much     
occupied with matters that can be       
entertaining only to his most intimate  
associates4 ,gillies was one of the     
early contributors to ,blackwood1 and   
figured as ,kemperhausen in the ,noctes 
,ambrosian4 ,he was also the originator 
and first editor of the ,foreign        
,quarterly ,review1 and was one of the  

first to make ,german literature        
familiar in ,england4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,it      
appears that only the ,harpers' edition 
of ,lord ,,holland',s ,reminiscences is 
complete4 ,the ,london copies are full  
of asterisks1 marking the places of     
cancelled passages4 ,the cancellings1 it
 was suggested1 were occasioned by the  
interposition of ,lord ,john ,russel4 ,a
 correspondent of ,the ,times1 however1 
7understood to be ,mr4 ,panizzi of the  
,british ,museum17 came out with a      
denial1 saying his lordship never saw a 
word of the ,reminiscences till after   
they were published1 and that no        
responsibility whatever could attach to 
him4 ,i speak thus1 he adds1 of my own  
knowledge1 and beg to inclose my name as
 a voucher for the truth of this        
statement4 ,the ,athenum thinks that if 
,mr4 ,panizzi had said printed instead  
of published1 his voucher would have    
been less rashly ventured1 as ,lord     
,john did see the work before it was    

actually published1 but not before it   
had been actually printed2 and here1 if 
we be not misinformed1 arises a somewhat
 amusing contretemps1 which is likely to
 render the cancels ineffectual4 ,lord  
,john1 in fact1 had not the opportunity 
of interfering until the work had been  
so far published to the world that an   
'uncancelled' copy1 with all the        
passages since sought to be suppressed1 
had been dispatched to ,america beyond  
recall4 ,the next ,american mail will1  
doubtless1 supply us with the whole of  
the suppressed passages4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,the     
meeting of the ,british ,association1 at
 ,ipswich1 is to commence on ,wednesday1
 ,july the #b;d1 and extend over seven  
or eight days4 ,the secretaries have    
received the names of several hundred   
intending visitors1 among whom are      
,lucien ,buonaparte1 ,sir ,r4           
,murchison1 ,sir ,h4 de la ,beche1 ,sir 
,w4 ,jardine1 ,sir ,charles ,lyell1 ,sir
 ,david ,brewster2 ,professors ,daubeny1

 ,silliman 7of ,america71 ,owen1        
,ansted1 and the celebrated naturalist1 
,m4 ,lorrillier1 a relative of the late 
,baron ,cuvier4         99       99     
99       99       99  ,of the new book  
on ,man's ,nature and ,development1 by  
,miss ,martineau and ,mr4 ,atkinson1 the
 ,westminster ,review for ,april says3  
,strange and wonderful is the power of  
self-delusion6 ,here we have two clever 
well-informed people1 persuading        
themselves that they experience         
extraordinary raptures mingled with the 
most exquisite philosophic calm1 from   
believing that unconscious matter is the
 cause of conscious thought1 that the   
truest human affection is nothing       
worthier than the love of a spoonful of 
nitric acid for a copper half-penny1 and
 that annihilation is the most          
satisfactory end of human life4 ,from   
such views both the intellect and the   
heart of man will recoil with           
well-founded disgust--his logical powers
 will perceive the absurdity of the     

argument1 and his taste and affections  
will lead him to exclaim with           
,wordsworth3--            ----',great   
,god6 ,i'd rather be     ,a ,pagan      
suckled in a creed outworn3       ,so   
might ,i standing on this pleasant lea  
,have glimpses that would make me less  
forlorn2       ,have sight of ,proteus1 
rising from the sea1     ,or hear old   
,triton blow his wreathed horn4'  ,the  
new lights promised by our authors turn 
out to be chiefly composed of very      
old-fashioned rays of darkness1 and1    
after a careful perusal1 many will come 
to the conclusion that the way to be a  
modern philosopher1 is to quote the     
ancients1 praise ,bacon1 and talk       
'bosh4'         99       99       99    
99       99  ,new editions of the works 
of ,fielding and ,smollett1 profusely   
illustrated by ,cruikshank and ,kenny   
,meadows1 will soon be published by     
,stringer  ,townsend4 ,these great      
classics will never cease to be read    
with the keenest relish by all the      

,english race4 ,the ,london publishers  
of the present edition of ,fielding     
observe in their advertisement3         
,it is altogether unnecessary to enlarge
 upon the genius of      ,henry         
,fielding4 ,there is no man in the      
brilliant history of      ,english      
literature1 with the single exception of
 ,shakspeare1 to      whose genius has  
been paid the homage of a more general  
attestation4 ,calumny and               
misrepresentation--the offspring of     
envy and malice--these1 in his day1 he  
had to endure or to      deride1 and    
these1 with their authors1 have long    
sunk into      oblivion4 ,the greatest  
of his contemporaries knew and          
acknowledged his transcendent merit1 and
 since his death1 there      has not    
been one man of genius whose opinion of 
,fielding is      recorded1 that has not
 spoken of him with veneration and      
delight4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 spite of a      
personal enmity1 could not but          
concede his extraordinary powers4 ,lady 

,mary ,wortley ,montague                
reluctantly confessed that 'cousin      
,fielding' was the greatest             
original genius of the age2 the         
fastidious ,gray was charmed      with  
him2 and the more fastidious ,gibbon has
 left his opinion      on record1 that  
the illustrious house of ,hapsburg1 from
 which      ,fielding was descended--its
 name erased1 its towers                
crumbled1--will be forgotten1 when the  
romance of ,tom ,jones      shall       
flourish in eternal youth4 ,if          
,coleridge classed him1 as      one of  
the true immortals1 with ,shakspeare1   
,gothe could not1      nor was willing  
to contest1 that he was so2 if ,byron   
could      cheer his heart and refresh  
his mind with his pages1 so can1        
and so does1 ,wordsworth4 ,in a word1   
the matchless drawing of      his       
characters1 which are not likenesses    
from life1 but copies      from         
,nature--the one being a shallow art1   
the other a      profoundly creative    

power--his exquisite wit1 his abounding 
humor1 his natural and manly pathos--in 
these no writer of      narrative       
fiction has ever approached him4        
,while1 therefore1 nothing can be less  
likely than that the      fame of       
,fielding should ever be suffered to    
die1 or that1 as      long as literature
 exists it can ever diminish1 nothing   
can be      more proper than to attempt 
to extend his popularity--a             
consummation inevitably to be effected  
by producing his works      at a price  
accessible1 and in a form attractive1 to
 all      classes4 ,the late ,rowland   
,hill once observed1 that it was not    
fitting that the arch-enemy of mankind  
should have all the best      tunes to  
himself4 ,in a like spirit it may be    
remarked1 that it      ought not to be  
permitted to inferior writers to        
monopolize all      the appliances and  
means of popularity that art can bestow4
      ,accordingly1 the proprietors have
 secured the hearty and      zealous    

co-operation of ,kenny ,meadows4 ,it    
would be invidious1      and from the   
purpose1 to institute a comparison      
between this      gentleman and his     
contemporaries2 but it may be asserted  
that      no living artist has shown an 
equal versatility of genius1      which 
points him out as the man best fitted to
 trace the      many-colored life of    
,fielding4 ,from the illustration1      
almost      page by page1 of            
,shakspeare1 where is the man but would 
have      shrunk8 but that work of our  
artist has secured not merely an        
,english1 not only a ,european          
reputation1 but a world-wide            
celebrity4 ,the proprietors are assured1
 that from the hand of      ,kenny      
,meadows such an edition of ,fielding   
will proceed as we      have not yet    
seen1 and shall not hereafter see4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,of ,mr4 ,,john ,,bigelow',s work on    
,jamaica1 7published a few weeks ago by 
,putnam17 the ,london ,examiner of      

,april #eth1 remarks3       ,it contains
 the most searching analysis of the     
present state      of ,jamaica1 and1    
moreover1 the most sagacious            
prognostications      of the future     
prospects of the island that have ever  
been      published4 ,mr4 ,bigelow is an
 accomplished1 acute1 and liberal       
,american4 ,as such1 an eye-witness and 
a participator of the      greatest and 
most successful colonial experiment     
which the      world has ever seen1 he  
is1 necessarily1 a better and more      
impartial judge of the subject he treats
 of than any ,englishman      of equal  
capacity and acquirement4 ,mr4 ,bigelow 
makes short and      easy work of       
planters1 attornies1 book-keepers1      
sophistries1      and ,stanleys4 ,in    
doing so1 his language is invariably    
that of a      man of education and a   
gentleman4 ,he might have crushed them  
with a sledge-hammer1 but he effects his
 purpose as effectually      with a pass
 or two of a sharp and polished         

broad-sword4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,the publication  
of a translation in the ,bohemian       
language of ,lamartine's ,history of the
 ,girondins1 has been recently          
prohibited at ,prague by the ,austrian  
authorities4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,,macready1 in    
retiring from the stage1 had more honors
 showered upon him than ever before     
sweetened the leave-taking of any hero  
of the buskin3 among them1 this         
dedication of ,george ,sand's latest    
publication1 ,le ,chteau des ,dsertes1  
which is now appearing in ,la ,revue des
 ,deux ,mondes3       ,to ,w4 ,c4       
,,macready3--,this little work1         
attempting to set forth      certain    
ideas on ,dramatic ,art1 ,i place under 
the protection of      a great name1 and
 of an honorable friendship4            
,,george ,,sand4           99       99  
99       99       99  ,the first volume 
of ,the ,stones of ,venice1 by ,mr4     
,,ruskin1 has been republished by ,mr4  

,wiley1 and we trust it will have a very
 large sale in this country1 which was  
never in greater need of instructions   
upon any subject than it is now upon    
that of architecture4 ,in all our cities
 there is remarkable activity in        
building2 the surplus wealth of the     
,american people is largely applied for 
the increase of the magnificence of town
 and country residences--for the most   
part so ignorantly applied1 that the    
,genius of ,architecture might almost be
 frightened from our shores by the      
spectacles reared here to vex and       
astonish the next ages4 ,to bring about 
a reform1 to lead the way for           
rationalism1 in the noblest of the      
practical arts1 ,mr4 ,ruskin has        
approved himself worthy by his previous 
works4 ,the ,stones of ,venice will     
increase the fame won by his ,modern    
,painters4 ,the ,literary ,gazette says3
       ,it is a book for which the time 
is ripe1 and it cannot fail to          
produce the most beneficial results1    

directly and indirectly1      on our    
national architecture4 ,the low         
condition into which that      has      
fallen has been long felt4 ,mr4 ,ruskin 
has undertaken to      lead us back to  
the first principles of the art1 and1 in
 doing      so1 to enable every reader  
who will bestow the necessary           
attention to his exposition1 to discover
 for himself the causes      of this    
decline1 and to master the principles1  
by attention to      which1 the         
significance and dignity of the art may 
be restored4      ,the subject is one of
 the widest interest2 but it has been so
      hedged about with technical       
difficulties as to debar from its       
study all who had not more leisure1 more
 perseverance1 and more      money1 than
 fall to the lot of the majority of even
 cultivated      minds4 ,at once popular
 and profound1 this book will be        
gratefully hailed by a circle of readers
 even larger than ,mr4      ,ruskin has 
found for his previous works4 ,he has so

 written as      to catch the ear of all
 kinds of persons3 ',every man1' he says
      truly1 'has at some time of his   
life personal interest in               
architecture4 ,he has influence on the  
design of some public      building2 or 
he has to buy1 or build1 or alter his   
own house4      ,it signifies less1     
whether the knowledge of other arts be  
general or not2 men may live without    
buying pictures or      statues2 but in 
architecture all must in some way commit
      themselves2 they must do mischief1
 and waste their money1 if      they do 
not know how to turn it to account4     
,churches1 and      shops1 and          
warehouses1 and cottages1 and small row1
 and place1      and terrace houses1    
must be built and lived in1 however     
joyless      and inconvenient4 ,and it  
is assuredly intended that all of us    
should have knowledge1 and act upon our 
knowledge1 in matters      in which we  
are daily concerned1 and not be left to 
the caprice      of architects1 or mercy

 of contractors4       ,those who live  
in cities are peculiarly dependent for  
enjoyment upon the beauty of its        
architectural features4 ,shut      out  
from mountain1 river1 lake1 forest1     
cliff1 and hedgerow1      they must     
either find in streets and squares food 
for pleasant      contemplation1 or be  
drawn into indifference by meaningless1 
ill-proportioned1 or unsightly forms4   
',we are forced1' says ,mr4             
,ruskin1 'for the sake of accumulating  
our power and knowledge1      to live in
 cities2 but such advantage as we have  
in association      with each other1 is 
in great part counterbalanced by our    
loss      of fellowship with nature4 ,we
 cannot all have our gardens now1       
nor our pleasant fields to meditate in  
at eventide4 ,then the      function of 
our architecture is1 as far as may be1  
to replace      these2 to tell us about 
nature2 to possess us with memories of  
her quietness2 to be solemn and full of 
tenderness like her1      and rich in   

portraitures of her2 full of delicate   
imagery of      the flowers we can no   
more gather1 and of the living creatures
      now far away from us in their own 
solitude4 ,if ever you felt or          
found this in a ,london street2 if ever 
it furnished you with      one serious  
thought1 or any ray of true and gentle  
pleasure2 if      there is in your heart
 a true delight in its green railings1  
and dark casements1 and wasteful finery 
of shops1 and feeble      coxcombry of  
club-houses1 it is well2 promote the    
building of      more like them4 ,but if
 they never taught you any thing1 and   
never made you happier as you passed    
beneath them1 do not think      they    
have any mysterious goodness of occult  
sublimity4 ,have      done with the     
wretched affectation1 the futile        
barbarism1 of      pretending to enjoy2 
for1 as surely as you know that the     
meadow      grass1 meshed with fairy    
rings1 is better than the wood          
pavement cut into hexagons2 and as      

surely as you know the fresh      winds 
and sunshine of the upland are better   
than the choke-damp      of the vault1  
or the gaslight of the ball-room1 you   
may know      that the good architecture
 which has life1 and truth1 and joy     
in it1 is better than the bad           
architecture1 which has death1          
dishonesty1 and vexation of heart in it 
from the beginning to      the end of   
time4       ,to show what this good     
architecture is1 how it is produced1    
and to what end1 is the object of the   
present volume4 ,it is1                 
consequently1 purely elementary1 and    
introductory merely to the              
illustration1 to be furnished in the    
next volume from the      architectural 
riches of ,venice1 of the principles1 to
 the      development of which it is    
devoted4 ,beginning from the            
beginning1 ,mr4 ,ruskin carries his     
reader through the whole      details of
 construction with an admirable         
clearness of      exposition1 and by a  

process which leaves him at the close in
 a      position to apply the principles
 which he has learned by the      way1  
and to form an intelligent and          
independent judgment upon      any form 
of architectural structure4 ,the        
argument of the book      hangs too     
closely together to be indicated by     
extracts1 or by      an analysis within 
the limits to which we are confined4    
,we perceive that the work of which the 
first volume is here noticed1 is to be  
followed immediately by ,examples of the
 ,architecture of ,venice1 selected and 
drawn to measurement from the edifices1 
by ,mr4 ,ruskin3 to be completed in     
twelve parts1 of folio imperial size1   
price one guinea each4 ,these will not  
be reproduced in this country1 and as   
the author probably has little advantage
 from the ,american editions of his     
works1 we trust that for his benefit as 
well as for the interests of art1 the   
,examples will be largely imported4     
99       99       99       99       99  

,the new play written by ,sir ,edward   
,bulwer ,lytton1 as his contribution    
towards the fund raising for the new    
,literary ,institute1 is in the hands of
 the literary and artistic amateurs by  
whom it is to be enacted1 and rehearsals
 are in progress4 ,the first performance
 will take place probably in ,june4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,it was a custom when the world was     
younger than it is now1 for disappointed
 lovers1 and outlaws1 and portionless   
youths too proud to labor and afraid to 
steal1 to go into the wars2 nobility1   
that would not suffer them to become    
journeymen mechanics1 led them to hire  
out as journeymen butchers4 ,but at     
length the field of military adventure  
is almost every where closed4 ,there is 
no region1 ever so remote1 where a      
spirited and adventurous youth could    
hope ever to learn the art martial4 ,a  
few skirmishes on the ,parana and the   
,plata1 on the ,fish ,river1 or the     
,keiskamma1 form all the fighting that  

is going on upon the globe2 and that    
fighting offers no premium to the       
adventurer4 ,there is no native prince  
of great wealth and numerous followers1 
no mogul1 or sultan1 or sikh1 with whom 
the turbulent ,european might make a    
good bargain for his courage4 ,the last 
field for such enterprise was the       
country of the ,mahrattas1 where ,french
 and ,english mercenaries--with a       
sprinkling of ,americans--created a     
colony which enabled the ignorant1      
bigoted and jealous savages to keep in  
check the best ,european armies4 ,a     
,frenchman named ,person was a pioneer  
in the business4 ,he was succeeded by   
the ,savoyard1 ,de ,boigne1 whose statue
 now adorns the principal square of     
,chamberry4 ,james ,skinner1 whose      
,memoirs have just been published in    
,london by the novelist and traveler    
,mr4 ,bailie ,fraser1 began a similar   
career under ,de ,boigne4 ,some idea may
 be formed of the ,mahratta army1 when  
the ,peishwa at times brought #ajj1jjj  

horse into the field4 ,a trusted        
officer1 as ,skinner afterwards became1 
might thus command a division of twenty1
 thirty1 or forty thousand men1 equal in
 fact to the largest ,european armies in
 the last century4 ,when men played with
 such tools as these1 it may be easily  
imagined how they themselves rose and   
fell2 how empires crumbled1 or were     
reared anew4 ,when ,wellesley and ,loke 
overthrew the ,mahrattas1 ,skinner      
entered the ,british service1 and it    
appears from the book before us that he 
died in #ahcf a knight of the ,bath4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,hitherto1 says ,m4 de ,sainte ,beuve1  
the real learning of women has been     
found to be pretty much the property of 
their lovers2 and he ridicules the      
notion that even ,mrs4 ,somerville has  
any scholarship that would win the least
 distinction for a man4 ,it may be so4  
,we see1 however1 that a ,miss ,,fanny  
,,corbaux has lately communicated to the
 ,syro-,egyptian ,society in ,london a  

very long and ambitious paper ,on the   
,rapham and their connexion with        
,egyptian ,history1 in which she quotes 
,hebrew1 ,arabic1 ,greek1 c41 with      
astonishing liberality4         99      
99       99       99       99           
,carlyle's translation of the           
,apprenticeship and ,travels of ,wilhelm
 ,meister1 has been issued in a very    
handsome edition1 by ,ticknor1 ,reed    
,fields1 of ,boston4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,mr4       
,macaulay has been passing the ,winter  
and ,spring in ,italy4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,late ,mr4 ,john ,glanville ,taylor1 an 
,englishman1 left in ,,ms4 a work upon  
,the ,united ,states and ,cuba1 which   
has just been published by ,bentley1 and
 is announced for republication by ,mr4 
,hart of ,philadelphia4 ,mr4 ,taylor was
 born in #ahaj1 and when about          
twenty-one years of age he left         
,liverpool for the ,united ,states1 on a
 mining speculation4 ,after travelling a

 few months in this country1 he was     
induced to go to ,cuba to examine a gold
 vein of which he thought something     
might be made4 ,the place in ,cuba which
 was to be the scene of his operations1 
was the neighborhood of ,gibara1 on the 
north-eastern side of the island1 which 
he reached by sailing from ,new-,york to
 ,st4 ,jago de ,cuba1 and travelling    
across the island forty-five leagues4   
,the gold vein turned out a wretched    
failure2 and1 after having been put to  
some disagreeable shifts to maintain    
himself1 ,mr4 ,taylor resolved to settle
 as a planter in ,holguin--the district 
to which ,gibara forms the port of      
entry4 ,returning to the ,united        
,states1 he made the necessary          
arrangements2 and in the summer of      
#ahdc1 was established on his hacienda1 
in partnership with an ,american who had
 been long resident in that part of the 
island4 ,in this and the following year1
 however1 the east of ,cuba was visited 
by an unprecedented drought2 causing    

famine which1 though it destroyed many  
lives and ruined thousands of           
proprietors1 attracted no more          
attention1 he says1 in ,england1 than   
was implied by a paragraph of three     
lines in an ,english newspaper4 ,the    
west of ,cuba was at the same time      
devastated by a tremendous hurricane1   
accompanied by floods2 and1 all his     
,cuban prospects being thus blasted1 the
 author was glad to return to ,new-,york
 in ,september1 #ahde1 whence1 after a  
short stay1 he returned to ,england4 ,he
 did not long1 however1 remain in his   
native country1 but left it for ,ceylon1
 where he died suddenly in ,january1 of 
the present year4 ,his ,united ,states  
and ,cuba3 ,eight ,years of ,change and 
,travel1 was left in ,,ms41 and within a
 few weeks has been printed4 ,it is a   
work of much less value than ,mr4       
,kimball's ,cuba and the ,cubans1       
published in ,new-,york last year4 ,of  
that very careful and judicious         
performance ,mr4 ,taylor appears to have

 made considerable use in the           
preparation of his own1 and his         
agreement with ,mr4 ,kimball may be     
inferred from the fact that1 though     
pointedly protesting that he does not   
advocate the annexation of ,cuba to the 
,united ,states1 he holds that worse    
things might happen1--and indeed hints  
that sooner or later the event is       
inevitable4 ,of ,cuba and the ,cubans1  
we take this opportunity to state that a
 new and very much improved edition will
 soon be issued by ,mr4 ,putnam4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,lady ,emmeline ,stuart ,wortley has in 
the press of ,bentley her ,travels in   
the ,united ,states4 ,she passed about  
two years1 we believe1 in this country4 
,she has written several books1 in verse
 and prose1 but we never heard that any 
body had read one of them4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,nile ,notes1 by ,mr4 ,,curtis1 have    
been republished in ,london by ,bentley1
 and the book is as much approved by    

,english as by ,american critics4 ,the  
,daily ,news says3       ,the author is 
evidently a man of great talent4  ,leigh
 ,hunt1 in his ,journal1 that--         
,it is brilliant book1 full of thought  
and feeling4  ,the ,athenum1 that--     
,the author of ,nile ,notes1 we may now 
add1 is richly      poetical1 humorous1 
eloquent1 and glowing as the sun1 whose 
southern radiance seems to burn upon his
 page4 ,an affluence of      fancy which
 never fails1 a choice of language which
 chastens      splendor of expression by
 the use of simple idioms1 a love for   
the forms of art whether old or new1 and
 a passionate enjoyment      of external
 nature such as belongs to the more     
poetic order of      minds--are the     
chief characteristics of this writer4   
,the ,literary ,gazette--       ,the    
genial and kindly spirit of this book1  
the humor and      vivacity of personal 
descriptions1 redeemed by an exquisite  
choice of expression from the least     
taint of the common or the      coarse2 

the occasional melody and music of the  
diction1      cadenced1 as it were1 by  
the very grace and tenderness of the    
thought it clothes1 or the images of    
beauty it evokes2 the      broad1 easy  
touches1 revealing as at a glance the   
majestic and      tranquil features of  
the ,eastern landscape1 and the ultimate
      feeling of all its accessories of 
form and hue2 the varied      resources 
of learning1 tradition1 poetry1 romance1
 with which      it is not encumbered   
but enriched1 as a banquet table with   
festal crowns and sparkling wines--all  
these1 and many other                   
characteristics1 to which our space     
forbids us to do justice1      render   
these ',nile ,notes' quite distinct from
 all former books      of ,eastern      
travel1 and worthy 'to occupy the       
intellect of the      thoughtful and the
 imagination of the lively4' ,never did 
a      wanderer resign his whole being  
with more entire devotion to      the   
silence and the mystery that brood1 like

 the shadow of the      ages1 over that 
dead1 dumb land4 ,a veritable           
lotus-eater is our      ,american       
,howadji6'  ,and a dozen other ,london  
journals might be quoted to the same    
effect4 ,but critics disagree1 as well  
as doctors1 and the ,boston ,puritan    
,recorder comes down on the ,howadji in 
the following exemplary manner3         
,this is a much-vaunted book1 by a young
 ,american1 but one in      which we    
take no pleasure4 ,in the first place1  
it is written in      a most execrable  
style1--all affectation1 and verbal     
wriggling      and twisting for the sake
 of originality4 ,the veriest sophomore 
ought to be rusticated for such         
conceited phrases as      beautiful     
budburstiness of bosom1--her twin eyes  
shone forth      liquidly lustrous--and 
innumerable expressions in the same     
namby-pamby dialect4 ,but dellacruscan  
folly is but a trifle      compared with
 the immoral tendency of the            
descriptions of the      gahzeeyah1 or  

dancing girls of ,egypt1 and the        
luscious      comments on their polluted
 ways and manners4 ,we thought the      
,harpers had done publishing this       
indecent trash4         99       99     
99       99       99  ,d4 ,m4 ,moir1 the
 ,delta of ,blackwood's ,magazine1 has  
just published in ,edinburgh1 ,sketches 
of the ,poetical ,literature of the     
,past ,half ,century1 in six ,lectures1 
delivered at the ,edinburgh             
,philosophical ,institution4         99 
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,rev4 ,satan ,montgomery1 otherwise     
called ,robert ,montgomery1 is not dead1
 as some have supposed1 but is still    
making sermons and verses--probably     
sermons and verses of equally bad       
quality2 and we see with some alarm that
 the ,rivingtons advertise1 as in       
preparation1 a complete edition of his  
,poetical ,works we never saw any works 
by him that were poetical in one octavo 
volume1 similar in size and appearance  
to the octavo editions of ,southey1     

,wordsworth1 c41 c41 and including the  
whole of the author's poems--,satan1    
,woman1 ,hell1 and all the rest1--in a  
revised form1 with some original minor  
pieces1 and a general preface4 ,we don't
 suppose he will take our counsel1 yet  
we will venture it1 that he make use of 
,macaulay's reviewal of his poems1      
instead of any general preface of his   
own4         99       99       99       
99       99  ,documentary ,history of   
,new-,york4--,the forthcoming 7third7   
volume of this ,state contribution to   
our historical literature will well     
sustain the reputation of its           
predecessors and of its zealous editor4 
,dr4 ,o',,callaghan is an enthusiast in 
his zeal for lighting up the dark ages  
of our history1 as ,verplanck called the
 ,dutch period2 and he has done as much 
as any man living to rescue the fast    
perishing memorials of the founders of  
the ,empire ,state4 ,it is fortunate for
 the ,state that his industry and       
patient research are secured for the    

proper arrangement of the ,archives--too
 long neglected and subject to loss and 
mutilation4 ,the new volume has come to 
hand too late for any elaborate notice  
or review of its contents2 but a glance 
at the list of papers and illustrations 
alone warrants the opinion we have      
expressed4 ,we notice particularly the  
account of ,champlain's explorations in 
,northern ,new-,york1 c41 from #afji to 
#afae--translated from the edition of   
#afcb4 ,the historical student cannot   
fail to note the coincidence of         
discovery and exploration by the ,dutch 
and ,french2 and the credit due to the  
,founder of ,new ,france2 to which we   
have alluded in the article on the      
,jesuit ,relations4 ,the translations of
 the extracts from ,wassenaar 7#afbd1   
etc471 give an interesting              
cotemporaneous view of the progress of  
the ,european discoveries and           
settlements in ,america4 ,a chapter on  
,medals and ,coins contains attractive  
matter1 particularly that portion which 

relates to the ,rosa ,americana coins1  
connected as they are with the ,wood's  
half-pence1 immortalized by ,dean       
,swift4 ,the notes and biographical     
sketches by the editor1 scattered       
through the volume1 add materially to   
its value--as also the numerous maps and
 engravings4 ,we have heard hints that  
some small suggestions of disinterested 
economists of the public money1 or other
 considerations less creditable1 have   
been brought to bear against the        
continuation of this publication--but we
 trust that they will end when they     
begin4 ,new-,york owes it to her own    
great history to make its material      
accessible to all4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,colonel ,albert  
,j4 ,pickett1 of ,montgomery1 has in the
 press of ,walker and ,james1 of        
,charleston1 ,the ,history of ,alabama1 
and incidentally of ,georgia and        
,mississippi1 from the ,earliest        
,period4 ,it will make two handsome     
volumes1 and from some passages of it   

which we have read1 we believe it will  
be a work of very unusual attraction4   
,it will embrace an account of the      
invasion of ,florida1 ,georgia1         
,alabama1 and ,mississippi1 by ,de      
,soto1 in #aeci-da2 of the ,aborigines  
of these states1 their appearance1      
manners and customs1 games1 amusements1 
wars1 and religious ceremonies1 their   
ancient mounds and fortifications1 and  
of the modern ,indians1 the ,creeks1    
,chickasaws ,choctaws1 ,alabamas1       
,uchees1 ,cherokees1 and other tribes2  
the discovery and settlement of ,alabama
 and ,mississippi by the ,french1 and   
their occupation until #agfc2 the       
occupation of ,alabama and ,mississippi 
by the ,british for eighteen years2 the 
colonization of ,georgia by the         
,english2 the occupation of ,alabama and
 ,mississippi by the ,spaniards for     
thirty years2 and the occupation of     
these states by the ,americans from     
#ahjj until #ahbj4 ,one whole chapter is
 taken up with an interesting account of

 the arrest of ,aaron ,burr in ,alabama 
in #ahjg2 and the exciting controversies
 between ,georgia1 the ,federal         
,government1 ,spain1 and the ,creek     
,indians1 are treated at length4 ,the   
work will be illustrated by really      
valuable engravings1 after original     
drawings made by a ,french traveller in 
#aefd4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,mrs4 ,farnham1 author of  
,prairie-,land1 7a very clever book     
published three or four years ago by the
 ,harpers71 and widow of the late ,mr4  
,farnham who wrote a book of travels in 
,oregon and other parts of the ,pacific 
country1 is now living in a sort of     
paradise1 about seventy miles south of  
,san ,francisco4 ,in a published letter 
she gives the following description of  
her farm3       ,it is very heavily     
timbered and watered with clear living  
streams running through valleys of the  
most fertile soil1 on      which        
delicious vegetables grow ten months of 
the year4 ,the      region is especially

 famed for potatoes1 which become almost
 a      fruit here4 ,the farm ,i live on
 is charmingly situated about a         
mile from the old ,mission1 and two from
 the beach1 on which a      tremendous  
surf breaks and thunders day and night4 
,from my      house ,i look over the    
coast-table and range of mountains1 the 
hills of ,monterey1 the bay1 and a near 
landscape1 exquisitely      diversified 
by plain and wood1 hill and valley1 and 
almost      every shade that herbage and
 foliage1 in a country without          
frost1 can show4 ,the rainy season is   
about a month old1 and the      earth as
 green as it is at home in ,june4       
,another month will      pile it with   
clover1 and less than another variegate 
it with an      inconceivable variety of
 the most exquisite flowers--for this   
is the land of flowers as well as of    
gold4 ,our prairies are      quite      
insignificant in their floral shows1    
compared to it4 ,the      country and   
climate are faultless--except in the    

lack of      showers through the dry    
months4 ,nearly every thing one can     
desire may be grown upon one's own farm 
here4         99       99       99      
99       99  ,mr4 ,charles ,gayarre1 a  
gentleman distinguished in the affairs  
of ,louisiana1 in which state he has    
held some important offices1 has just   
published in a handsome octavo1         
,louisiana1 its ,colonial ,history and  
,romance1 7,harper  ,brothers47 ,it     
appears from the preface1 that ,mr4     
,gayarre has had excellent opportunities
 for the collection of materiel for a   
really good book of the sort indicated  
by his title2 but this performance is   
utterly worthless1 or worse than        
worthless1 being neither history nor    
fiction1 but such a commingling of the  
two that no one can tell which is one or
 which the other4 ,the uncertainty with 
which it is read will be disagreeable in
 proportion to the interest that it     
excites2 and1 knowing something of the  
colonial history of ,louisiana1 we are  

inclined to think that a book quite as  
entertaining as this might have been    
composed of authenticated facts4 ,indeed
 the ,historical ,collections of        
,louisiana1 by ,mr4 ,french1 7published 
by ,daniels and ,smith1 ,philadelphia17 
must be to even the most superficial    
reader a far more attractive volume4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,pictorial ,field ,book of the     
,revolution1 by ,,benson ,j4 ,,lossing1 
7,harper  ,brothers17 is a work that    
cannot well be praised overmuch4 ,there 
have been an immense number of          
illustrated and pictorial histories of  
this country1 all or nearly all of which
 are worthless patchwork2 but ,mr4      
,lossing's is a production of equal     
attractive interest and value4 ,the     
first volume only has been completed2   
one more will follow with all convenient
 haste1 ending the work4 ,the           
letter-press is written from original   
materials1 the drawings of scenery are  
made from original surveys1 the         

engravings are executed1 all by ,mr4    
,lossing himself2 and in every          
department he evinces judgment and      
integrity4 ,the ,field ,book will not   
serve the purposes of a general history1
 but to the best informed and most      
sagacious it will be a useful companion 
in historical reading1 while to those   
who seek only amusement in books1 it may
 be commended1 for its pleasant style   
and careful art1 as one of the most     
entertaining works of the time4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,we are glad to perceive that ,mr4 ,j4  
,h4 ,,ingraham1 author of ,the          
,southwest1 by a ,yankee2 ,burton1 or   
the ,sieges2 and a large number of the  
vilest yellow-covered novels ever       
printed in this country1 has been       
admitted to the deaconate in the        
,episcopal church at ,natchez1 and      
intends shortly to remove to ,aberdeen1 
in the same state1 to found a society in
 that city4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,mrs4 ,judson       

7,fanny ,forrester7 left ,calcutta in   
,january for the ,united ,states1 by way
 of ,england1 and she is now daily      
expected home1 by her old and warmly    
attached friends here4 ,we see suggested
 a volume of her poems--some of which   
have much tenderness and beauty2 and    
hope that measures will be taken to     
insure such a publication1 for her      
exclusive benefit1 immediately4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,our contemporary1 the ,philadelphia    
,lady's ,book1 is a little out of season
 in its fashions4 ,the ,april number of 
that excellent periodical contains the  
,parisian ,fashions which appeared in   
,the ,international for ,february2 and  
for this present month of ,may1 we see  
in ,the ,lady's ,book the altogether too
 warm and heavily made dresses given in 
,the ,international for last            
,january--mid-winter4 ,certainly        
,philadelphia ought not to be so far    
behind ,new-,york in these matters4 ,in 
its literary character the ,lady's ,book

 is still sustained by the contributions
 of its favorite critic ,mr4 ,henry ,t4 
,tuckerman1 with those of ,mr4 ,t4 ,s4  
,arthur1 ,miss ,adaliza ,cutter1 and    
,mrs4 ,sarah ,j4 ,hale4         99      
99       99       99       99  ,we      
regret that the terms in which we lately
 announced ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,tyson',s      
forthcoming ,history of the ,american   
,colonies were capable of any           
misapprehension4 ,we know ,mr4 ,tyson   
quite too well to entertain a doubt of  
his perfect integrity as a historian2   
but it has been a subject of frequent   
observation in the middle and southern  
states that the ,new-,england writers1  
who have furnished most of our          
histories1 have exaggerated the         
influence of the ,puritans and          
depreciated that of the ,quakers and    
,cavaliers3 ,mr4 ,tyson himself1 we     
believe1 has been of this opinion2 and  
we merely look for an able1 fair1 and   
liberal history1 from his point of view4
         99       99       99       99  

99  ,mr4 ,,valentine is preparing a new 
volume of his ,manual of the ,common    
,council of ,new-,york4 ,the volumes    
hitherto published have been edited with
 great care and judgment2 they embody an
 extraordinary amount and variety of    
interesting and important facts         
connected with the advancement and      
condition of the city2 and the series is
 indispensable to any one who would     
write a history of ,new-,york1 or the   
lives of its leading citizens4 ,the last
 volume was unusually rich in maps and  
statistics1 and we understand that the  
next one will be even more interesting  
and valuable4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,mr4 ,,willis has 
just published 7through ,charles        
,scribner7 a new volume under the       
characteristic title of ,hurry-graphs1  
or ,sketches of ,scenery1 ,celebrities  
and ,society1 taken from life4 ,it      
embraces the author's letters to the    
,home ,journal1 from ,plymouth1         
,montrose1 the ,delaware1 the ,hudson1  

the ,highlands1 and other summer        
resorts1 with personal descriptions of  
,webster1 ,everett1 ,emerson1 ,cooper1  
,jenny ,lind1 and many other            
notabilities4 ,it will be a delightful  
companion for the watering places this  
season4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,among the most beautiful  
books from the ,american press is       
,episodes of ,insect ,life1 by ,,acheta 
,,domestica1 just reprinted by ,j4 ,s4  
,redfield4 ,the natural history and     
habits of insects of every class are    
delineated by a close observer with     
remarkable minuteness1 and in a style of
 unusual felicity2 and the peculiar     
illustrations of the book are more      
spirited and highly finished than we    
have noticed in any publication of a    
similar character4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,the ,harpers have
 published a new edition of the ,greek  
,grammar of ,philip ,buttman1 revised   
and enlarged by his son1 ,alexander     
,buttman1 and translated from the       

eighteenth ,german edition by ,dr4      
,,edward ,,robinson4 ,it is not to be   
doubted1 we suppose1 that this grammar1 
in the shape in which it is now         
presented1 is altogether the best that  
exists of the ,greek language4 ,we are  
not ourselves competent to a judgment in
 the case1 but from all we have seen    
upon the subject by the best scholars1  
we take this to be the general opinion4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,john ,p4 ,,kennedy has in the press of
 ,putnam a new and carefully revised    
edition of his ,swallow ,barn1 or a     
,sojourn in the ,old ,dominion1 one of  
the most pleasant books illustrative of 
local manners and rural life that has   
ever been written4 ,it is more like     
,irving's ,bracebridge ,hall than any   
other work we can think of1 and is as   
felicitous a picture of old ,virginia as
 ,jeffrey ,crayon has given us of       
,merrie ,england4 ,the first edition of 
,swallow ,barn was published twenty     
years ago2 the new one is to be         

beautifully illustrated in the style of 
,irving's ,sketch ,book4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,dr4     
,,francis ,,lieber1 the learned         
,professor of the ,south ,carolina      
,college1 has been elected a member of  
the ,national ,institute of ,france4    
,dr4 ,lieber is a ,german1 but he has   
resided in this country many years4     
,among ,americans who have been thus    
complimented are ,mr4 ,prescott and ,mr4
 ,bancroft4 ,the late ,henry ,wheaton   
was also a member of the ,institute4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,the entertaining book1 ,ship and       
,shore1 by the late ,rev4 ,,walter      
,,colton1 has just been published by ,a4
 ,s4 ,barnes  ,co41 who will as soon as 
practicable complete the republication  
of all ,mr4 ,colton's works1 under the  
editorship of the ,rev4 ,henry ,t4      
,cheever4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,the ,domestic ,bible1 by  
the ,rev4 ,ingram ,cobbin1 just         
published in a very handsome quarto     

volume in this city by ,s4 ,hueston1 we 
think decidedly the best edition of the 
,scriptures for common use that has ever
 been printed in the ,english language4 
,its chief merit consists in this1 that 
without embracing a syllable of         
debatable matter in the form of notes1  
it contains every needful explanation   
and illustration of the text that can be
 gathered from ancient art1 literature  
and history1 expressed with great       
distinctness and compactness1 together  
with such well-executed wood engravings 
as unquestionable knowledge in this age 
could suggest--omitting altogether the  
absurd fancy embellishments which in    
most of the illustrated ,bibles are so  
offensive to the taste1 and so worthless
 as guides to the understanding4 ,the   
editor we believe is a clergyman of the 
,episcopal ,church in ,england1 but he  
has had the good sense to avoid1 so far 
as we can see1 everything that would vex
 the sectarian feelings of any one who  
admits that the ,bible itself is true4  

99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,life1 ,speeches1 ,orations1 and   
,diplomatic ,papers of ,lewis ,cass1 are
 in press at ,baltimore1 under the      
editorship of ,mr4 ,george ,h4 ,hickman4
 ,the ,speeches1 ,forensic ,arguments1  
and ,diplomatic ,papers of ,daniel      
,webster 7to be comprised in six large  
octavo volumes71 are in the press of    
,little  ,brown of ,boston1 under the   
care of ,mr4 ,edward ,everett4 ,the     
,memoirs and ,works of the late ,john   
,c4 ,calhoun are soon to be published in
 ,charleston1 by ,mr4 ,r4 ,k4 ,craller1 
and we hear of collections of the       
,speeches and ,public ,papers of ,mr4   
,buchanan and ,mr4 ,benton4 ,all these  
are important works in literature1      
affairs or history4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,professor        
,,gillespie1 of ,union ,college1 has    
just published 7,harper  ,brothers7 a   
translation of ,the ,philosophy of      
,mathematics1 from the ,cours de        
,philosophie ,positive of ,,auguste     

,,comte4 ,the intellect of ,europe in   
this century has evolved no greater work
 than the ,philosophie ,positive1 and   
,professor ,gillespie has done a wise   
thing in rendering into ,english that   
part of it which relates to the field of
 mathematical science4         99       
99       99       99       99           
,professor ,,lincoln',s edition of      
,horace 7recently published by the      
,appletons7 is the subject of much      
commendatory observation from critical  
scholars4 ,for purposes of instruction  
it is likely to have precedence of any  
other that has been printed in this     
country4 ,those having marginal         
translations may be very convenient for 
indolent boys1 but they are not         
altogether the most serviceable4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,a work of very great ability has       
appeared in ,paris1 under the title of  
,de la ,certitude1 7,upon ,certainty71  
by ,a4 ,,javary4 ,it makes an octavo of 
more than five hundred pages1 and for   

originality of ideas and illustrations1 
and cumulative force of logic1 is almost
 unrivalled4 ,the sceptical speculation 
of the time is reduced by it to powder1 
and thrown to the winds4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,mr4     
,,mcconnell1 who gave us last year a    
brilliant volume under the title of     
,talbot and ,vernon1 has just published1
 ,the ,glenns1 a ,family ,history1 by   
which his good reputation will be much  
increased4 ,it displays much skill in   
the handling1 and is altogether an      
advance from his previous performance4  
7,c4 ,scribner47         99       99    
99       99       99  ,the wife of a    
shipmaster trading from ,boston in the  
,pacific1 has just published a volume   
entitled ,life in ,fejee1 or ,five      
,years among the ,cannibals4 ,it is a   
very entertaining book1 and we are      
obliged to the cannibals for not eating 
the author4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,noticing the       
appointment of ,mr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,,goodrich  

to be consul for the ,united ,states at 
,paris1 the ,london ,news says3 ,in     
these days of testimonials and          
compliments1 we should not be surprised 
to hear of an address of congratulation 
to the admired ,peter1 from the         
'children of ,england4'         99      
99       99       99       99  ,of      
recent ,american ,novels1 the best that 
have fallen under our notice 7except    
those of ,hawthorne and ,mc,connell1    
before noticed71 are1 ,the ,rangers1 or 
the ,tory's ,daughter1 a very           
interesting tale illustrative of the    
revolutionary history of ,vermont1 by   
,d4 ,p4 ,thompson1 author of ,the ,green
 ,mountain ,boys1 7,b4 ,b4 ,mussey      
,co41 ,boston72 ,mount ,hope1 or        
,philip1 ,king of the ,wampanoags1 by   
,c4 ,h4 ,hollister1 7,harper            
,brothers72 ,rebels and ,tories1 or the 
,blood of the ,mohawk1 by ,lawrence     
,labree1 7,dewitt and ,davenport72 and  
,second ,love1 a pleasant domestic      
story1 by an anonymous writer1 7,g4 ,p4 

,putnam47         99       99       99  
99       99  ,the ,hakluyt ,society1 in 
,london1 has commenced its series of    
publications with ,divers ,voyages      
touching the ,discovery of ,america and 
the ,islands adjacent1 collected and    
published by ,richard ,hakluyt1         
,prebendary of ,bristol1 in the year    
#aehb3 edited1 with notes and an        
introduction1 by ,john ,winter ,jones4  
,the society should have many           
subscribers in this country4         99 
99       99       99       99  ,dr4     
,,mayo has published a new book of      
tales1 not unworthy of the author of    
,kaloolah and ,the ,berber1 under the   
title of ,romance ,dust from the        
,historic ,placers4 ,we shall give it   
attention hereafter4 7,putnam47         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,masaniello is suppressed at ,berlin1  
as ,tell had been--not modern imitations
 of those heroes1 but the operas so     
called1 by ,rossini and ,auber4 ,the    
,prussian ,government1 liberal as it was

 a few months ago in professions1 cannot
 stand the performance of operas6       
99       99       99       99       99  
,mr4 ,,thackeray is to commence in      
,london1 about the middle of the present
 month1 a course of lectures embracing  
biographical reminiscences of some of   
the comic writers of ,england during the
 eighteenth century4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,mr4       
,,alison1 the historian1 has been chosen
 ,rector of the ,university of ,glasgow1
 by the casting vote of ,col4 ,mure1 the
 historian of ,greek ,literature1 who   
occupied the same place before          
,macaulay4      ,the ,fine ,arts4   ,the
 engravings of the several ,art-,unions 
of this country for the coming year will
 be from excellent pictures4 ,the       
,american ,art-,union will offer its    
subscribers ,mr4 ,woodville's ,mexican  
,news1 engraved by ,alfred ,jones2 the  
,philadelphia ,art-,union1 ,huntington's
 ,christiana and ,her ,children1 by     
,andrews2 and for the same purpose1 ,mr4

 ,perkins1 of ,boston1 has allowed the  
,new-,england ,art-,union to make use of
 his magnificent picture of ,saul and   
the ,witch of ,endor1 painted by        
,alston1 and generally considered one of
 the finest historical productions of   
that eminent artist4 ,each of the       
,unions1 we believe1 will also publish  
some less important works for           
distribution or prizes4  ,the           
twenty-sixth exhibition of the ,national
 ,academy of ,design1 has commenced     
under favorable auspices4 ,upon the     
whole1 the collection of pictures is the
 best ever made by the society4 ,we have
 not space for any particular criticism1
 but must refer to ,mr4 ,durand's       
admirable landscapes2 the ,greek ,girl  
and full length portrait of ,general    
,scott by ,mr4 ,kellogg2 ,mount ,desert 
,island by ,mr4 ,church2 ,the ,defence  
of ,toleration by ,mr4 ,rothermel2 ,the 
,edge of the ,wood by ,mr4 ,huntington2 
,mr4 ,gignoux's ,winter ,sunset1 and    
other pictures in the same department by

 ,richards1 ,cropsey1 and ,kensett2 and 
portraits by ,elliott1 ,osgood1 ,hicks  
and ,flagg1--are the works which strike 
us as deserving most praise4         99 
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,bulletin of the ,american ,art-,union  
for ,april1 describes the opposition to 
the institution of which it is the      
organ1 as directed by envy1 malice1 and 
uncharitableness1 and intimates that it 
is occasioned by the inability or       
unwillingness of the committee to       
purchase the trashy productions of      
incompetent painters constantly offered 
to them4 ,we submit to the gentlemen    
connected with the ,art-,union1 that    
they should not suffer the hirelings    
they may sometimes employ upon the      
,bulletin1 thus to refer to such artists
 and such men as ,durand1 ,wier1        
,kellogg1 ,elliott1 and many others1 who
 have ventured to think that their      
,association does not present altogether
 the best means to be devised for the   
promotion of the fine arts4 ,taste may  

be displayed in writing1 as well as in  
buying pictures4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,there was        
recently sold at auction at ,paris1 for 
#b1gjj francs1 a picture by ,,girodet1  
which in its time caused not a little   
amusement to the ,parisians4 ,it was    
originally a portrait of an actress of  
the ,theatre ,franais1 who married a    
rich banker4 ,girodet tried to get the  
pay for his picture1 but the lady and   
her husband obstinately refused4        
,hereupon he transformed her into a     
,danae1 receiving the shower of gold1   
adding other figures1 such as a turkey  
cock representing the eagle of ,jove1   
which rendered the whole work as        
laughable as it was uncomplimentary to  
its subject4 ,it was exhibited in one of
 the expositions in the time of the     
empire1 and no picture was ever more    
successful with the public4         99  
99       99       99       99           
,,kotzbue1 a historical painter1 now    
residing at ,munich1 has nearly         

completed a large picture representing  
the battle of ,zllichau1 in #agei1 where
 the ,germans under ,general ,wedel were
 defeated by the ,russians under        
,soltikoff4 ,the work is highly praised1
 and its author even compared with      
,horace ,vernet for vividness of        
narrative1 truth in detail1 and force   
and harmony of color4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,mr4     
,,elliott1 probably the best portrait   
painter now living1 will soon visit     
,marshfield1 where ,mr4 ,webster has    
promised to sit to him1 for a friend of 
his in this city4         99       99   
99       99       99  ,two statues by   
the lamented ,,schwanthaler have just   
been set up in the royal library at     
,munich4 ,the first represents ,albert  
,v41 ,duke of ,bavaria1 the founder of  
the library1 and a great patron of      
science4 ,of course1 he is presented in 
middle-age costume2 his head is bare1   
his face reflective1 and his right hand 
supports his chin1--an image of repose1 

after a work is accomplished4 ,the other
 statue is of ,king ,louis 7of ,lola    
,montes memory71 in royal robes1 the    
left hand resting on his sword1 and his 
right holding the plan of the edifice   
containing the library1 which was built 
by him4 ,his whole expression is the    
opposite to that of the ,duke1 not      
repose1 but restless activity in search 
of new objects4 ,a critic says that     
these statues do not stand well on their
 feet1 and that the knees are bent as if
 one leg was lame1 a fault1 he says1 not
 peculiar to ,schwanthaler4         99  
99       99       99       99  ,we last 
month spoke of the ,new ,museum at      
,berlin1 one of the finest edifices of  
modern times4 ,it may be interesting to 
our readers to know that the total      
expense of the building and interior    
decoration was in round numbers         
#a1ajj1jjj4 ,of this sum the execution  
of the ornamental work and works of art 
in the interior1 including the frescoes 
of ,kaulbach and others1 with the       

arrangement of objects of art and       
furniture necessary for their display1  
cost upwards of #bbj1jjj4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,exhibition of the ,munich ,art-,union  
took place in the beginning of ,march4  
,among the pictures1 attention was      
particularly drawn to a series of       
sketches from ,syria1 ,palestine1 and   
,asia ,minor1 by ,lfller4 ,baade        
exhibited a ,norwegian picture1         
representing an effect of moonlight3    
,peter ,hess two small humorous pieces  
from military life1 which were greatly  
admired1 as was especially a series of  
aquarelles representing scenes in       
,switzerland and ,italy1 by ,suter1 a   
,swiss artist4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,,kaulbach only   
works at ,berlin on his frescoes in the 
,new ,museum during the pleasant season4
 ,the second picture1 the ,destruction  
of ,jerusalem1 was nearly finished last 
fall when the cold came on4 ,he left it1
 and it is now covered and concealed by 

brown paper till he shall again set to  
work on it4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,m4 ,,lamartine     
recently presented in the ,french       
,assembly a petition from ,william ,tell
 ,poussin1 formerly minister of the     
,republic in the ,united ,states1       
praying the ,french ,government to grant
 a block of granite1 taken from the     
quarries of ,cherbourg1 for the national
 monument to ,washington4         99    
99       99       99       99           
,,widnmann1 the sculptor1 of ,munich1   
has recently completed in plaster a     
group of the size of life1 of a man     
defending his wife and child against the
 attack of a tiger4 ,the figures are    
nude1 and the only figure yet finished1 
that of the man1 is spoken of as a      
model4     ,,has ,,there ,,been ,a      
,,great ,,poet ,,in ,,the ,,nineteenth  
,,century6   ,the ,eclectic ,review for 
the last month1 in an article upon the  
writings of ,joanna ,baillie1 answers   
this question in the manner following3  

,we may enumerate the following names as
 those of real poets1      dead or      
alive1 included in the first half of the
 nineteenth      century in             
,britain3--,bloomfield1 ,wordsworth1    
,coleridge1      ,southey1 ,campbell1   
,moore1 ,byron1 ,shelley1 ,keats1       
,professor      ,wilson1 ,hogg1 ,croly1 
,maturin1 ,hunt1 ,scott1 ,james         
,montgomery1      ,pollok1 ,tennyson1   
,aird1 ,mrs4 ,browning1 ,mrs4 ,hemans1  
,joanna      ,baillie1 and the author of
 ',festus4' ,we leave this list to be   
curtailed1 or to be increased1 at the   
pleasure of the reader4      ,but1 we   
ask1 which of those twenty-three has    
produced a work      uniquely and       
incontestably1 or even1 save in one or  
two      instances1 professedly ,,great8
 ,most of those enumerated have         
displayed great powers2 some of them    
have proved themselves fit      to begin
 greatest works2 but none of them1      
whether he has      begun1 or only      
thought of beginning1 has been able to  

finish4      ,bloomfield1 the tame1     
emasculate ,burns of ,england1 has      
written      certain pleasing and       
genuine poems smelling of the soil1 but 
the ',farmer's ,boy' remained what the  
,scotch poet would have      called a   
'haflin callant1' and never became a    
full-grown and      brawny man4         
,wordsworth was equal to the epic of the
 age1 but      has only constructed the 
great porch leading up to the edifice1  
and one or two beautiful cottages lying 
around4 ,coleridge could      have      
written a poem--whether didactic1 or    
epic1 or      dramatic--equal in fire   
and force to the ',iliad1' or the       
',hamlet1' or the ',de ,rerum ,natura1' 
and superior to any of the      three in
 artistic finish and metaphysical truth 
and religious      feeling--a work      
ranking immediately beside the          
',paradise ,lost2'      but he has1     
instead1 shed on us a shower of plumes1 
as from the      wing of a fallen       
angel--beautiful1 ethereal1 scattered1  

and      tantalizing4 ,southey's poems  
are large without being                 
great--massive1 without being           
majestic--they have rather the      bulk
 of an unformed chaos than the order and
 beauty of a      finished creation4    
,campbell1 in many points the ,virgil of
 his      time1 has1 alas6 written no   
,georgies2 his odes and lesser poems    
are1 'atoms of the rainbow2' his larger1
 such as ',gertrude of      ,wyoming1'  
may be compared to those segments of the
 showery arch      we see in a          
disordered evening sky2 but he has      
reared no      complete 'bow of ,god4'  
,moore's ',lalla ,rookh' is an elegant  
and      laborious composition--not a   
shapely building2 it is put             
together by skilful art1 not formed by  
plastic power4 ,byron's      poems are1 
for the most part1 disjointed but       
melodious groans1      like those of    
,ariel from the centre of the cloven    
pine2 ',childe      ,harold' is his     
soliloquy when sober--',don ,juan' his  

soliloquy      when half-drunk2 the     
',corsair' would have made a splendid   
episode in an epic--but the epic1 where 
is it8 and ',cain1' his      most       
creative work1 though a distinct and new
 world1 is a      bright and terrible   
abortion--a comet1 instead of a sun4    
,so1      too1 are the leading works of 
poor ,shelley1 which resemble           
,southey in size1 ,byron in power of    
language1 and himself only      in      
spirit and imagination1 in beauties and 
faults4 ,keats1 like      ,shelley1 was 
arrested by death1 as he was piling up  
enduring      and monumental works4     
,professor ,wilson has written ',noctes'
      innumerable2 but where is his poem
 on a subject worthy of his      powers1
 or where is his work on any subject    
whatever8 ,hogg      has bound together 
a number of beautiful ballads1 by a     
string      of no great value1 and      
called it the ',queen's ,wake4' ,scott  
himself has left no solid poem1 but     
instead1 loose1 rambling1      spirited1

 metrical romances--the bastards of his 
genius--and a      great family of      
legitimate chubby children of novels1   
bearing      the image1 but not reaching
 the full stature1 of their parent's    
mind4 ,croly's poems1 like the wing of  
his own 'seraph kings1'      standing   
beside the sleeping ,jacob1 has a       
'lifted1 mighty      plume1' and his    
eloquence is always as classic as it is 
sounding2 but it is1 probably1 as much  
the public's fault as      his1 that he 
has never equalled his first poem1      
',paris in      #ahae1' which now       
appears a basis without a building4     
,maturin      has left a powerful       
passage or two1 which may be compared to
 a      feat performed by the victim of 
some strong disease1 to imitate         
which no healthy or sane person would1  
could1 or durst attempt4      ,james    
,montgomery will live by his smaller    
poems--his larger are      long         
lyrics--and when was a long lyric any   
other than tedious8      ,hunt has sung 

many a joyous carol1 and many a pathetic
 ditty1      but produced no high or    
lasting poem4 ,pollok has aimed at a    
higher object than almost any poet of   
his day2 he has sought1      like       
,milton1 to enshrine religion in poetic 
form1 and to      attract to it poetic  
admirers3 he did so in good faith1 and  
he      expended great talents and a    
young life1 in the execution2 but1      
unfortunately1 he confounded            
,christianity with one of its           
narrowest shapes1 and hence the book1   
though eloquent in      passages1 and   
dear to a large party1 is rather a long 
and      powerful1 though unequal and   
gloomy sermon1 than a poem2 he has      
shed the sunshine of his genius upon his
 own peculiar notions1      far more    
strongly than on general truths2 and the
 spirit of the      whole performance   
may be expressed in the words of ,burns1
      slightly                          
altered1--',thunder-tidings of          
damnation4' ,his and      our friend1   

,thomas ,aird1 has a much subtler1 more 
original      and genial mind than      
,pollok's1 and had he enjoyed a tithe of
      the same recognition1 he might    
have produced a ,christian epic      on 
a far grander scale2 as it is1 his poems
 are fragmentary and      episodical1   
although ,dante's ',inferno' contains no
 pictures      more tremendously        
distinct1 yet ideal1 than his ',devil's 
,dream      upon ,mount ,acksbeck4      
,tennyson is a greater ,calvinist in one
      sense than either of the ,scotch  
poets we have named--he owes      more  
to the general faith of others in his   
genius than to any      special or      
strong works of his own2 but let us be  
dumb1 he is      now ,laureate--the     
crowned grasshopper of a summer day6    
,bailey      of ',festus' has a vast    
deal more power than ,tennyson1 who is  
only his delicate1 consumptive brother2 
but ',festus' seems      either         
different from1 or greater than1 a work4
 ,we are      reminded of one stage in  

the history of the nebular hypothesis1  
when ,sir ,w4 ,herschel1 seeing a       
central mass in the midst of a          
round burr of light1 was almost driven  
to the conclusion that      it was      
something immensely greater than what we
 call a      star--a kind of monster    
sun4 ,so with the prodigious birth men  
call ',festus4' ,our gifted young friend
 ,yendys is more likely      than any1  
if he live and avoid certain tendencies 
to diffusion      and over-subtlety1 to 
write a solid and undying ,,poem4       
,it were easy to extend the induction to
 our lady authors1 and      to show that
 ,mrs4 ,hemans1 ,mrs4 ,browning1 and    
,joanna ,baillie1      ,mrs4 ,shelley1  
c41 have abounded rather in effusions or
      efforts1 or tentative experiments1
 than in calm1 complete1 and            
perennial works4  ,the critic appears   
never to have heard of our ,bryant1     
,dana1 ,halleck1 ,poe1 ,longfellow1 or  
,maria ,brooks1 any one of whom is      
certainly superior to some of the poets 

mentioned in the above paragraph2 and   
his doctrine that a great poem must     
necessarily be a long one--that poetry1 
like butter and cheese1 is to be sold by
 the pound--does not altogether commend 
itself to our most favorable judgment4  
,,the ,,real ,,adventures ,,and         
,,achievements ,,of ,,george ,,borrow4  
,generally1 we believe1 ,lavengro1      
though it has sold well everywhere1 has 
not been very much praised4 ,it has been
 conceded that the author of the ,bible 
in ,spain must be a ,crichton1 but his  
last performance looked overmuch like   
trifling with the credulity of his      
readers4 ,we find in ,colburn's ,new    
,monthly ,magazine for ,april a sort of 
vindication of ,borrow1 which embraces  
some curious particulars of his career1 
and quote the following passages1 which 
cannot fail to interest his ,american   
readers3       ,we have yet to learn    
where our author was during the years   
intervening from the epoch of the dingle
 to the date of ,spanish      travel2   

that he was neither in mind nor body    
inactive1 ample      testimony may be   
adduced1 not only in the form of        
writings made      public during that   
interval1 but in the internal evidence  
afforded by them of laborious research4 
,in a work published at      ,st4       
,petersburgh in #ahce1 known but to few1
 entitled ,targum2      or1 ,metrical   
,translations from ,thirty ,languages   
and ,dialects1      by ,george ,borrow1 
we find indications of how those        
intervening      years were spent4 ,he  
says1 in the preface to this work1 ,the 
following pieces1 selections from a huge
 and undigested mass of                 
translation1 accumulated during several 
years devoted to      philological      
pursuits1 are with much diffidence      
offered to the      public1 c4 ,these   
translations are remarkable for force   
and      correct emphasis1 and afford   
demonstration of what power the         
author possesses over metre4 ,we shall  
cite but few examples1      however1 for

 it is believed that not only that huge 
mass1 but      many an additional song  
and ballad now is digested1 and lies    
side by side with the glorious ,kmpe    
,viser1 the ,ab ,gwilym1      and other 
learned translations1 by means of which 
it may be      hoped that the gifted    
,borrow will ere long vindicate his     
lasting claim to scholarship--a claim to
 which it is to be      feared he is    
indifferent1 for he is no boaster1 and  
does      himself no justice2 or1 if he 
boasts at all1 prefers1 as with a       
species of self-sarcasm1 the mention of 
his lesser1 on which he      dwells with
 zest1 to that of his greater and more  
enduring      triumphs4 ,the ,targum    
consists of translations from the       
following languages3 ,hebrew1 ,arabic1  
,persian1 ,turkish1 ,tartar1            
,tibetian1 ,chinese1 ,mandchou1         
,russian1 ,malo-,russian1 ,polish1      
,finnish1 ,anglo-,saxon1 ,ancient       
,norse1 ,suabian1 ,german1 ,dutch1      
,danish1 ,ancient ,danish1 ,swedish1    

,ancient ,irish1 ,irish1 ,gaellic1      
,ancient ,british1 ,cambrian ,british1  
,greek1 ,modern ,greek1 ,latin1         
,provenal1 ,italian1 ,spanish1          
,portuguese1 ,french1 and ,rommany4 ,a  
few specimens from this work may be     
acceptable to the ,english              
reader--a work so rare1 that the        
authorities of a ,german      university
 not long ago sent a person to ,st4     
,petersburgh to      endeavor to        
discover a copy3   ,,ode ,,to ,,god4    
,,from ,,the ,,hebrew4       ,reign'd   
the ,universe's master ere were earthly 
things begun2     ,when his mandate all 
created1 ,ruler was the name he won2    
,and alone ,he'll rule tremendous when  
all things are past and gone2     ,he no
 equal has1 nor consort1 ,he the        
singular and lone     ,has no end and no
 beginning1 ,his the sceptre1 might1 and
 throne2     ,he's my ,god and living   
,saviour1 rock to which in need ,i run2 
,he's my banner and my refuge1 fount of 
weal when call'd upon2     ,in his hand 

,i place my spirit1 at nightfall and    
rise of sun1     ,and therewith my body 
also2--,god's my ,god1--,i fear no one4 
,,prayer4  ,,from ,,the ,,arabic4       
,o ,thou who dost know what the heart   
fain would hide2     ,who ever art ready
 whate'er may betide2     ,in whom the  
distressed can hope in their woe1       
,whose ears with the groans of the      
wretched are plied--     ,still bid ,thy
 good gifts from ,thy treasury flow2    
,all good is assembled where ,thou dost 
abide2     ,to ,thee1 save my poverty1  
nought can ,i show1     ,and of ,thee   
all my poverty's wants are supplied2    
,what choice have ,i save to ,thy portal
 to go8     ,if 'tis shut1 to what other
 my steps can ,i guide8     ',fore whom 
as a suppliant low shall ,i bow1     ,if
 ,thy bounty to me1 ,thy poor slave1 is 
denied8     ,but1 oh6 though rebellious 
full often ,i grow1     ,thy bounty and 
kindness are not the less wide4   ,o    
,,lord6 ,i ,,nothing ,,crave ,,but      
,,thee4  ,,from ,,the ,,tartar4      ,o 

,thou from whom all love doth flow1     
,whom all the world doth reverence so1  
,thou constitut'st each care ,i know2   
,o ,lord6 ,i nothing crave but ,thee4   
,o keep me from each sinful way2        
,thou breathedst life within my clay2   
,i'll therefore serve ,thee night and   
day2         ,o ,lord6 ,i nothing crave 
but ,thee4      ,i ope my eyes1 and see 
,thy face1     ,on ,thee my musings all 
,i place1     ,i've left my parents1    
friends1 and race2         ,o ,lord6 ,i 
nothing crave but ,thee4      ,take     
,thou my soul1 my every thing2     ,my  
blood from out its vessels wring2       
,thy slave am ,i1 and ,thou my ,king2   
,o ,lord6 ,i nothing crave but ,thee4   
,i speak--my tongue on ,thee doth roam2 
,i list--the winds ,thy title boom2     
,for in my soul has ,god his home2      
,o ,lord6 ,i nothing crave but ,thee4   
,the world the shallow worldling craves1
     ,and greatness need ambitious      
knaves2     ,the lover of his maiden    
raves2         ,o ,lord6 ,i nothing     

crave but ,thee4      ,the student needs
 his bookish lore1     ,the bigot       
shrines to pray before1     ,his pulpit 
needs the orator2         ,oh ,lord6 ,i 
nothing crave but thee4      ,though all
 the learning 'neath the skies1     ,and
 th' houries all of paradise1     ,the  
,lord should place before my eyes1      
,o ,lord6 ,i'd nothing crave but ,thee4 
,when ,i through paradise shall stray1  
,its houries and delights survey1       
,full little gust awake will they2      
,o ,lord6 ,i'll nothing crave but ,thee4
      ,for ,hadgee ,ahmed is my name1   
,my heart with love of ,god doth flame2 
,here and above ,i'll bide the same2    
,o ,lord6 ,i nothing crave but ,thee4   
,nor was this the only literary labor   
performed by ,mr4 ,borrow      while at 
,st4 ,petersburgh3 to the ,targum he    
appended a      translation of ,the     
,talisman1 and other pieces from the    
,russian of ,alexander ,pushkin4 ,he    
also edited the ,gospel in the          
,mandchou ,tartar dialect while residing

 in that city4 ,in      connection with 
the latter undertaking there is an      
anecdote      told of which1 like the   
story of his making horse-shoes1 shows  
his resources1 and redounds to his      
credit4 ,it runs thus3--,it      was    
known that a fountain of types in the   
,mandchou ,tartar      character existed
 at a certain house in the city of ,st4 
,petersburgh1 but there was no one to be
 found who could set      them up4 ,in  
this emergency the young editor demanded
 to      inspect the types2 they were   
brought forth in a rusty state      from
 a cellar2 on which1 resolved to see his
 editorial labors      complete1 he     
cleaned the types himself1 and set them 
up with      his own hand4  ,of his     
journeyings in ,spain ,mr4 ,borrow has  
been his own biographer2 but here again 
his higher claims to distinction are    
lightly touched on1 or not named4 ,in   
#ahcg a book was printed at ,madrid1    
having the following curious title-page3
       ,embo e ,mafar ,lucas4 ,brotoboro

 randado andr la chipe      griega1     
acana chibado andr o ,roman1  chipe es  
,zincales de      ,sese4       ,el      
,evangelio segun ,s4 ,lucas1 traducido  
al ,roman1  dialecto      de los        
,gitanos de ,espaa4 #ahcg4       ,and   
this work is no other than the          
remarkable antecedent of the            
,zincali1--the translation of ,st4      
,luke's ,gospel into the ,gipsy         
dialect of ,spain4,a ,of the ,bible in  
,spain it is unnecessary to      speak2 
there can be no better evidence of the  
estimation it is      held in than the  
fact of its having been translated into 
,french      and ,german1 while it has  
run through at least thirty thousand    
copies at home4 ,but it is on the       
,zincali that ,borrow's      reputation 
will maintain its firm footing2 the     
originality and      research involved  
in its production1 the labors and       
dangers it      entailed1 are duly      
appreciated at home and abroad4 ,during 
the      past year a highly interesting 

account of the ,gipsies and other       
wandering people of ,norway1 written in 
,danish1 was published at               
,christiana2 it is entitled ,beretning  
om ,fante--eller      ,landstrygerfolket
 i ,norge 7,account of the ,fant1 or    
,wandering      ,people of ,norway71 by 
,eilert ,sundt4 ,at the twenty-third    
page of      this work1 the ,danish     
author1 in allusion to the subject of   
this notice1 says3 ,this ,borrow is a   
remarkable man4 ,as agent      for the  
,british ,bible ,society he has         
undertaken journeys into      remote    
lands1 and acquainted from his early    
youth1 not only      with many ,european
 languages1 but likewise with the       
,rommani of      the ,english ,gipsies1 
he sought up with zest the ,gipsies     
every      where1 and became their      
faithful missionary4 ,he has made       
himself so thoroughly master of their   
ways and customs that he      soon      
passed for one of their blood4 ,he slept
 in their tents in      the forests of  

,russia and ,hungary1 visited them in   
their robber      caves in the          
mountainous pass regions of ,italy1     
lived with      them five entire years  
7towards #ahdj7 in ,spain1 where he1 for
      his endeavors to distribute the   
,gospel in that ,catholic land1      was
 imprisoned with the very worst of them 
for a time in the      dungeons of      
,madrid4 ,he at last went over to ,north
 ,africa1 and      sought after his     
,tartars even there4 ,it is true1 no one
 has      taken equal pains with ,borrow
 to introduce himself among this        
rude and barbarous people1 but on that  
account he has been      enabled better 
than any other to depict the many       
mysteries of      this race2 and the    
frequent impressions which his book has 
undergone within a short period1 show   
with what interest the      ,english    
public have received his graphic        
descriptions4  ,of the extraordinary    
acquisitions of ,mr4 ,borrow in         
languages1 a pleasant story is told by  

,sir ,william ,napier1 who1 looking into
 a courtyard1 from the window of a      
,spanish inn1 heard a man converse      
successively in a dozen tongues1 so     
fluently and so perfectly1 that he was  
puzzled to decide what was his          
country1--,germany1 ,holland1 ,france1  
,italy1 ,russia1 ,portugal1 or ,spain2  
and coming down he joined his circle1   
asked the question of him1 and was      
astonished by the information that he   
was an ,english ,bible agent4 ,between  
the historian of the ,peninsular ,war   
and the missionary an intimacy sprung   
up1 which we believe has continued      
without any interruption to the present 
time4     ,,the ,,faun ,,over ,,his     
,,goblet4  ,,written ,,for ,,the        
,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine4   
,,by ,r4 ,h4 ,,stoddard4       ,i4      
,my goblet was exceeding beautiful2     
,it was the jewel of my cave2 ,i had    
,a corner where ,i hid it in the moss1  
,between the jagged crevices of rock1   
,where no one but myself could find it  

out2     ,but when a nymph1 or wood-god 
passed my door1     ,i filled it to the 
brim with bravest wine1     ,and offered
 them a draught1 and told them ,jove    
,had nothing finer1 richer at his       
feasts1     ,though ,ganymede and ,hebe 
did their best3     ,his nectar is not  
richer than my wine1     ,said ,i1 and  
for the goblet1 look at it6     ,but ,i 
have broken my divinest cup     ,and    
trod its fragments in the dust of       
,earth6       ,,ii4      ,my goblet was 
exceeding beautiful4     ,sometimes my  
brothers of the woods1 the fauns1       
,held gay carousals with me in my cave2 
,i had a skin of ,chian wine therein1   
,of which ,i made a feast2 and all who  
drank     ,from out my cup1 a feast     
within itself1     ,made songs about the
 bright immortal shapes     ,engraven on
 the side below their lips3     ,but we 
shall never drain it any more1     ,and 
never sing about it any more2     ,for  
,i have broken my divinest cup     ,and 
trod its fragments in the dust of       

,earth6       ,,iii4      ,my goblet was
 exceeding beautiful4     ,for ,pan was 
'graved upon it1 rural ,pan2     ,he    
stood in horror in a marshy place       
,clasping a bending reed2 he thought to 
clasp     ,syrinx1 but clasped a reed1  
and nothing more6     ,there was another
 picture of the god1     ,when he had   
learned to play upon the flute2     ,he 
sat at noon within a shady bower        
,piping1 with all his listening herd    
around2     7,i thought at times ,i saw 
his fingers move1     ,and caught his   
music3 did ,i dream or not87     ,hard  
by the ,satyrs danced1 and ,dryads      
peeped     ,from out the mossy trunks of
 ancient trees2     ,and nice-eared     
,echo mocked him till he thought--      
,the simple god6--he heard another ,pan 
,playing1 and wonder shone in his large 
eyes6     ,but ,i have broken my        
divinest cup1     ,and trod its         
fragments in the dust of ,earth6        
,,iv4      ,my goblet was exceeding     
beautiful4     ,for ,jove was there     

transformed into the ,bull     ,bearing 
forlorn ,europa through the waves1      
,leaving behind a track of ruffled foam2
     ,powerless with fear she held him  
by the horns1     ,her golden tresses   
streaming on the winds2     ,in curvd   
shells1 young ,cupids sported near1     
,while sea gods glanced from out their  
weedy caves1     ,and on the shore were 
maids with waving scarfs1     ,and hinds
 a-coming to the rescue--late6     ,but 
,i have broken my divinest cup1     ,and
 trod its fragments in the dust of      
,earth6       ,v4      ,my goblet was   
exceeding beautiful4     ,for rosy      
,bacchus crowned its rich designs3      
,he sat within a vineyard full of       
grapes1     ,with ,ariadne kneeling at  
his side2     ,his arm was thrown around
 her slender waist1     ,his head lay in
 her bosom1 and she held     ,a cup1 a  
little distance from his lips1     ,and 
teased him with it1 for he wanted it4   
,a pair of spotted pards where sleeping 
near1     ,couchant in shade1 their     

heads upon their paws2     ,and         
revellers were dancing in the woods1    
,snapping their jolly fingers evermore6 
,but all is vanished1 lost1 for ever    
lost1     ,for ,i have broken my        
divinest cup1     ,and trod its         
fragments in the dust of ,earth6        
,,footnotes3  ,a ,the writer has before 
him another translation of ,st4 ,luke's 
,gospel in the ,basque1 edited by       
,george ,borrow while in                
,spain--7,evangeloia ,s4 ,lucasen       
,guissan4--,el ,evangelio segun ,s4     
,lucas4 ,traducido al ,vascuere4        
,madrid4 #ahch74     ,,the ,,jesuit     
,,relations4  ,,dr4 ,o',,callaghan',s   
,,memoir--,,new ,,discoveries ,,in      
,,rome1 c4   ,at the stated meeting of  
the ,new-,york ,historical ,society1 in 
,october1 #ahdg1 ,dr4 ,e4 ,b4           
,o',,callaghan1 well known as the author
 of a valuable history of ,new-,york    
under the ,dutch1,b and now engaged in  
superintending the publication of the   
,documentary ,history of the ,state1    

under the act of ,march #ac1 #ahdi1     
communicated a paper1 which was read at 
the subsequent meeting in ,november1 and
 published in the ,proceedings1 on the  
,jesuit ,relations of ,discoveries and  
other ,occurrences in ,canada and the   
,northern and ,western ,states of the   
,union1 #afcb-afgb4;,c ,this memoir     
embraces notices of the authors of the  
,relations1 a catalogue raisonne1 and a 
table showing what volumes are in this  
country and ,canada1 and where they are 
to be found4 ,a ,french translation of  
this work1 with notes1 corrections and  
additions1 has been published 7in #ahej7
 at ,montreal1 by the ,rev4 ,father     
,,martin1 ,superior of the ,jesuits in  
,canada4 ,as the notes and additions    
contain valuable information1 especially
 upon the discovery of new matter for   
the illustration of the general subject1
 we shall endeavor to present an        
intelligible compend of their substance4
  ,the ,french editor carries back the  
history to #afaa1 when the first ,jesuit

 missionaries to ,north ,america1       
,father ,pierre ,biard and ,enmond      
,masse1 arrived in ,acadia4 ,they took  
part in the establishment of ,port      
,royal and that of ,st4 ,sauveur1 in    
,pentagoet1 now ,mount ,desert ,island4 
,the former wrote a ,relation of his    
voyage4  ,dr4 ,o',callaghan had spoken  
of the nomadic race which was to be     
subjected to the influences of the      
gospel1 under the auspices of the       
,jesuit missionaries1 as inhabiting the 
country extending from the island of    
,anticosti to the ,mississippi4 ,the    
translator qualifies this statement by a
 note1 in which he says that this term  
nomadic is applicable to the nations of 
,algonquin origin1 but not to the       
,hurons nor the ,iroquois1 who had fixed
 abodes and regularly organized villages
 or towns4 ,the ,five ,nations were the 
,agniers 7,mohawks71 the ,oneionts      
7,oneidas71 the ,onontagues             
7,onondagas71 the ,goiogoiens           
7,cayugas71 and the ,tsonnontouans      

7,senecas74 ,the ,tuscaroras1 a tribe   
from the south1 were admitted to the    
confederation1 making thus ,six         
,nations1 during the last century4      
,,champlain was the first ,european who 
reached the ,atlantic shores of the     
state of ,maine from the ,st4 ,lawrence 
by way of the ,kennebec4 ,this          
illustrious discoverer was sent in #afbi
 to explore that route as far as the    
coast of the ,etechemins1 in which he   
had been before in the time of the      
,sieur du ,mont4,d  ,the ,french editor 
adds the following notices of two of the
 fathers who filled the office of       
,superior in ,canada1 not mentioned by  
,dr4 ,o',callaghan4  ,,pierre ,,biard1  
according to the history of ,jouvency1  
was born at ,grenoble1 and entered the  
,society of ,jesus while yet very young4
 ,he came to ,port ,royal in #afaa1 and 
took part in the establishment of ,st4  
,sauveur  ,pentagoet1 in #afac4 ,the    
,english came from ,virginia to destroy 
this settlement1 scarcely yet commenced4

 ,after having suffered greatly from the
 enemies of ,catholicism and the        
,jesuits1 ,father ,biard was sent back  
to ,france4 ,he taught theology at      
,lyons for nine years1 and died at      
,avignon1 ,november #ag1 #afbb4 ,he was 
then chaplain to the ,king's troops4 ,he
 left a ,relation de la ,nouvelle       
,france1 and of the ,voyage of the      
,jesuits1 as well as some other works4  
,,charles ,,lalemant was born at ,paris 
in #aehg1 and entered the ,society of   
,jesus1 at the age of twenty4 ,two of   
his brothers1 ,louis and ,jerome1       
shortly afterwards followed his example1
 and the second labored for a long time 
in the ,canadian mission4 ,he first came
 to ,canada in #afbe4 ,charlevoix says  
he accompanied the expedition from      
,acadia in #afac1 for the establishment 
of ,pentagoet4 ,he crossed the ocean    
four times in behalf of his beloved     
mission1 and was twice shipwrecked4     
,having been captured by the ,english in
 one of these voyages1 he was retained  

some time as a prisoner4 ,his last      
voyage to ,canada was made in #afcd4 ,in
 the following year1 he took charge of  
the ,house of our ,lady of ,recovery1   
which was then established in the lower 
city of ,quebec1 and commenced at the   
same time the first schools for the     
,french children4 ,it was this father   
who was with ,champlain in his last     
moments4 ,many years afterward1 he      
returned to ,france1 when he was        
successive chief of the ,colleges of    
,rouen1 of ,la ,flche and ,paris1 and   
,superior of the ,maison ,professe in   
the last named city4 ,he died there1 on 
the eighteenth of ,november1 #afgd1 aged
 eighty-seven years4  ,father ,,charles 
wrote an interesting ,relation on       
,canada1 inserted under the date of     
,august #a1 in the ,mercure ,franais of 
#afbf1 and a letter on his shipwrecks1  
which ,champlain published in his       
edition of #afcb4 ,we have also some    
religious works left by him4  ,the      
,relation of ,father ,biard was         

published at ,lyons1 #afab and #afaf1 in
 #cbmo4 ,it gives an account of his     
travels and labors--the nature of the   
country1 its mineral and vegetable      
productions1 c4  ,that of ,father       
,lalemant is a long letter addressed to 
his brother ,jerome1 and inserted in the
 ,mercure ,franais1 #afbg-bh3 ,paris1   
#afbi4 ,it treats of the manners and    
customs of the ,indians1 the nature of  
the country1 and the fatal change which 
trade had undergone since it had become 
a monopoly4  ,continuing the researches 
of ,dr4 ,o',callaghan1 ,father ,martin  
found1 from a catalogue of manuscripts  
on ,canada1 preserved among the archives
 of the ,jesuits at ,rome1 that there   
was a ,relation du ,canada for #afgf and
 for #afgg3 but it was not ascertained  
whether these were complete4 ,other     
manuscripts were found in the same      
collection1 but fragmentary1 and could  
only serve as the materiel of a general 
,relation4 ,but a more important        
acquisition was made in the recovery of 

valuable manuscripts in ,canada4 ,there 
have been found two complete ,relations1
 following that of #afgb1 and continuing
 the series to #afgi4 ,one is the       
,relation of #afgc1 and the other       
comprises a period of six years1 from   
#afgc to #afgi4 ,they fortunately       
escaped the pillage of the ,jesuit      
,college at ,quebec1 ,father ,casot1 the
 last of the old race of ,jesuits1 dying
 at ,quebec in #ahjj1 had confided them1
 with other manuscripts1 to the pious   
hands of the nuns of the ,hotel ,dieu1  
in that city1 who preserved them for a  
long time as a sacred trust1 and        
restored them1 to the ,jesuits1 when    
they returned to ,canada in #ahdb4      
,what increases the value of these      
historical monuments1 is the fact1 that 
they are contemporary with the facts to 
which they relate4 ,they bear numerous  
corrections1 notes1 and even entire     
pages1 in the handwriting of ,father    
,dablon1 then superior of the missions  
in ,canada1 who1 without doubt1 prepared

 them for publication4  ,that of #afgb-c
 is anonymous1 and in three parts4 ,the 
first is on the ,huron mission near     
,quebec1 the second on the ,iroquois    
missions1 and the third on the various  
missions to the west of the great lakes4
 ,in the last part1 consisting of       
eighty-seven pages1 the thirty-ninth and
 fortieth are missing4  ,the ,relation  
for #afgc-i is also anonymous and       
without a general title1 but on the back
 of the last leaf is an endorsement in  
the handwriting of ,father ,dablon1     
,relation en #afgi1 abrg des prcdentes4 
,on the first page the writer announces 
that the relation embraces a period of  
six years4 ,it is divided into eight    
chapters1 subdivided into paragraphs4   
,the second chapter is devoted to an    
account of the last labors and heroic   
death of ,father ,,marquette1 on the    
lonely shore of the ,lac des ,illinois1 
now ,lake ,michigan4 ,this relation     
passes in review all the missions of the
 west1 and enters into minute details   

concerning the missions to the          
,iroquois1 the ,montagnais1 the         
,gaspsiens1 those of the ,sault ,st4    
,louis1 and ,lorette4 ,it extends to    
#adg pages1 but unfortunately one entire
 sheet is lost1 embracing the pages #aji
 to #aah4  ,this last ,relation should  
have included the other voyages of      
,father ,marquette1 and especially the  
discovery of the ,mississippi in #afgc2 
but another manuscript of the same      
epoch1 and which bears the same evidence
 of authenticity1 explains the omission4
 ,under the title of ,voyage and ,death 
of ,father ,marquette1 it recites in    
sixty pages the labors which have       
immortalized that celebrated missionary4
 ,this curious manuscript furnished     
,thevenot with the materiel for his     
publication in #afhg1 entitled ,voyage  
et ,dcouverte de quelques ,pays et      
,nations de l',amerique ,septentrionale1
 par le ,p4 ,marquette et le ,sr4       
,joliet4,e ,what adds great value to the
 manuscript is the fact that it is much 

more extended than the publication of   
,thevenot4 ,the causes and the          
preparations for the expedition are     
recounted2 and we can follow the        
missionary in his various travels1 even 
to his last moments in #afge4  ,two     
other documents1 which complete this    
valuable historical discovery1 are      
noticed by ,father ,martin3  #a4 ,the   
autograph journal of ,marquette's last  
voyage1 from the twenty-fifth of        
,october #afgd to the sixth of ,april   
#afgi1 about a month before his death4  
#b4 ,the autograph map 7by ,marquette7  
of the ,mississippi1 as discovered by   
him4 ,this extends no farther than the  
,a ,kansea 7,arkansas71 where his voyage
 in that direction terminated4  ,the map
 published by ,thevenot1 and recently   
reproduced by ,rich1 ,bancroft1 and     
others1 is incorrect in many            
particulars1 especially with regard to  
this fact of the ,arkansas being the    
lowest point reached by ,marquette4     
,besides the two ,relations 7,,ms47     

aforesaid1 and the ,marquette           
manuscripts1 fragments of the ,relations
 for the years #afgd1 #afgf1 #afgh1 and 
the following years1 have been found1   
but incomplete4  ,in addition to all    
these1 ,father ,martin calls attention  
to one of the printed ,relations1 little
 known out of ,italy1 in the language of
 which it was written4 ,it was printed  
at ,macerata in #afec4 ,a recent letter 
from ,father ,martin announces that he  
has completed translations into ,french 
and ,english1 which will soon be        
published4 ,it is the work of ,father   
,francois ,joseph ,bressani1 and is thus
 noticed by ,charlevoix3  ,father       
,bressani1 a ,roman by birth1 was one of
 the most illustrious missionaries to   
,canada1 where he suffered a cruel      
captivity1 and severe tortures4 ,he     
speaks little of himself in his history1
 which is well written1 but which       
relates almost entirely to the ,huron   
mission1 in which he labored with great 
zeal so long as it continued4 ,after the

 almost entire destruction of that      
nation1 and the dispersion of the       
remainder1 he returned to ,italy1 where 
he continued to preach until his death1 
with the greater success1 inasmuch as he
 bore in his mutilated hands the        
glorious marks of his apostleship among 
the heathen4,f  ,the translation by     
,father ,martin will be illustrated by  
maps and engravings4  ,recent letters   
from ,italy announce further discoveries
 in the library of the ,dominican       
,friars at ,rome4 ,we congratulate the  
historical student on the recovery of   
these and similar memorials of the early
 history of the country4 ,especially the
 labors of the ,jesuit missionaries     
deserve to be more generally familiar to
 the readers of history2 and we         
cordially respond to the sentiment of   
approbation with which the services of  
,dr4 ,o',callaghan and ,father ,martin  
have been greeted heretofore by the     
press4  ,,footnotes3  ,b ,history of    
,new ,netherland1 or ,new-,york under   

the ,dutch4 c4 #b vols4 #hvo4           
,new-,york3 ,appleton  ,co41 #ahdf-h4   
,c ,proceedings of the ,new-,york       
,historical ,society4 ,for the year     
#ahdg1 pp4 #adj-aeh4  ,d ,voyage du     
,champlain4 ,ed4 #afcb4 p4 #bji4  ,e ,a 
copy of this very rare work was         
destroyed with the valuable library in  
the burning of the ,parliament ,house in
 ,montreal1 #bfth ,april1 #ahdi4  ,f    
,charlevoix3 ,hist4 ,nouv4 ,france4     
,liste des ,auteurs4     ,,the ,,hat    
,,reform ,,agitation4   ,new hats are   
inevitable4 ,genin1 who appears to be as
 clever in writing as in making hats1   
has avowed himself a conservative1 and  
in a long argument has vindicated the   
style of which he is so eminent a       
manufacturer4 ,but the people are for   
reform1 and we must all bend to the will
 of the people2 land reform1 bank       
reform1 all kinds of reform1 now are    
forgotten in the cry for a reform in    
hats2 this has rallied around it all    
ranks1 classes and orders3 they say1    

,take off your funnels6  ,it has been   
responded to with enthusiasm4 ,from the 
lord of one hundred thousand acres to   
the hard-worker for his daily           
bread--from the ultra-conservative to   
the ultra-destructive--from the         
,high-,churchman to the                 
,no-,churchman--from the ,puseyite to   
the ,presbyterian--from the gentleman   
down to the veriest gent1 this new      
question of ,reform has drawn unanimous 
adhesion4 ,in fact1 the attempted       
revolution in our head gear1 more       
fortunate than the other revolutions    
talked about of late years1 promises to 
be successful4  ,says the ,london ,news1
 ,the ladies are as unanimous as the    
gentlemen on the subject1 and give the  
potent assistance of their voices to the
 movement1 and wonder how it is that    
men1 who have so keen a sense of the    
beautiful1 should have been so long     
blinded to the ugliness imposed upon    
their lordly foreheads by the           
hat-makers4 ,a few of the most          

conservative of these hat-makers are the
 only persons who venture a word in     
defence of the ancient barbarism which  
it is the object of the revolutionists  
to remove4 ,now and then a hatter of all
 novelties1 whether of hats or of ideas1
 will venture to come to the aid of the 
hat-makers1 and to ask if any one can   
suggest a better head 'accoutrement'    
than the old familiar hat which it is   
attempted to scout out of society with  
such hasty ignominy4 ,but1 if hatters   
and the hat conservatives are closely   
pressed to tell us what recommendation  
the article has1 they are obliged to    
give up the argument in despair--to     
intrench themselves in the old fortress 
of such reasoners1 and to defend what   
is1 merely because it is4 ,they would   
stand on the old ways1 were they        
knee-deep in slush2 and they would wear 
the old hat1 were it not only of the    
shape1 but of the material and the color
 of a chimney-pot4  ,every body who has 
worn a hat1 has perceived it to be a    

nuisance1 although he may never have    
said any thing on the subject till the  
present cry was raised4 ,as soon as a   
man gets out of the streets of the      
capital1 or of his own accustomed       
provincial town1 and sets foot in a     
railway carriage or on board of a       
steamboat1 his first care is to make    
himself comfortable by disembarrassing  
his aching temples of his hat4 ,the     
funnel is put away1 and a cap1 more     
ornamental and a thousand times more    
easy1 is elevated to the place of honor1
 to the great satisfaction of the       
wearer4 ,who ever wears a hat at the    
sea-side8 ,one might as well go to bed  
in a hat1 as wear one out of the        
purlieus of the town4 ,at the sea-side1 
or in travelling1 or sporting1 or       
rambling over the hills1 the ordinary   
hat is utterly out of the question4 ,not
 only is the hat unsightly1 expensive1  
and incommodious2--not only does it     
offend those sthetic notions which are  
so fashionable in our time1 but it may  

be safely alleged that it is hostile to 
all mental effort4 ,did any man ever    
make an eloquent speech with a hat on8  
,could a painter paint a good picture if
 he had a hat on while engaged at the   
easel8 ,could a mathematician solve a   
problem8 could a musician compose a     
melody or arrange a harmony8 could a    
poet write a song1 or a novelist a      
novel1 or a journalist a leading        
article1 with a hat on8 ,the thing is   
impossible4 ,would any man who respected
 himself1 or the feelings of his family 
and friends1 consent to have his        
portrait painted with the offensive     
article upon his cranium8 ,it would be  
almost a proof of insanity1 both in the 
sitter who should insist upon1 and the  
artist who should lend himself to1 the  
perpetration of such an atrocity4 ,we   
have but to fancy one out of the        
thousand statues of bronze or marble    
which it is proposed to erect to the    
memory of ,sir ,robert ,peel in our     
great towns and cities1 surmounted with 

a hat of marble or of bronze1 to see1 at
 a glance1 the absurdity of the thing1  
and the reasonableness of the demand for
 a change4 ,there is a very good bust of
 ,chaucer1 with a cap on1 and there is a
 still more excellent bust of ,lorenzo  
de ,medici1 which has also a cap2 but we
 put the question to the most           
conservative of hatters1 and to the     
greatest stickler for the etatus quo in 
head attire1 whether he would tolerate  
the marble or bronze portraiture of     
either of those worthies with the modern
 hat upon its head8 ,the idea is so     
preposterous1 that1 if fairly           
considered1 it would make converts of   
the most obstinate sticklers for the hat
 of the nineteenth century4  ,seriously1
 the suggestion for the reform of this  
article of costume is entitled to the   
utmost respect4 ,already ,englishmen1   
when they throw off the trammels of     
ceremony1 and wish to be at their ease1 
substitute for the stiff1 uncomfortable1
 and inelegant hat1 such other article  

as the taste and enterprise of the hat  
and cap manufacturers have provided2 and
 in ,france and ,germany the hat has1   
for the last six or seven years1 been   
gradually altering its form and         
substance1 until it bids fair to be     
restored1 at no distant day1 to the more
 sensible and picturesque shape which it
 had a couple of centuries ago4 ,so much
 unanimity has been expressed on the    
desirability of a change1 so much sober 
truth has been uttered under the thin   
veil of jest on this matter1 and so     
keenly felt are the inconveniences--to  
say nothing of the inelegance--of the   
tube which has usurped and maintained a 
place upon our heads for so long a      
period1 that there can be no doubt the  
time is ripe for the introduction of an 
article of male head-dress more worthy  
of an educated1 civilized1 and sensible 
people4 ,the ,turks1 under the influence
 of that great reformer1 ,sultan        
,mahmoud1 and his worthy successor1     
,abdul ,medjid1 have been for some time 

assimilating themselves in dress to the 
other inhabitants of ,europe4 ,they have
 adopted our coats1 our trousers1 our   
vests1 our boots4 ,they have got        
steamboats and newspapers--but ,sultan  
,mahmoud stopped short at the hat4 ,with
 all his penchant for imitating the     
',giaours1' he could not bring himself  
to recommend the hat to a people whom he
 was desirous to civilize4 ,any man of  
taste and enterprise1 who would take    
advantage of the present feeling on the 
subject to manufacture a hat or cap of a
 more picturesque form1 would confer a  
public benefit1 and would not lack      
encouragement for his wares4 ,an article
 which would protect the face from the  
sun1 which the present 'funnel' does    
not--which should be light1 which the   
hat is not--which should be elegant1 and
 no offence to the eye of taste if      
painted in a portrait or sculptured in a
 statue1 which the hat is not--and which
 should meet the requirements of health1
 as well as those of comfort and        

appearance1 which the hat is very far   
from doing--would1 all jest and         
persiflage apart1 be a boon to the      
people of this generation4 ,it needs but
 example to effect the change1 for the  
feeling is so strong and universal that 
a good substitute would meet with       
certain popularity4 ,we have no doubt   
that1 sooner or later1 this reform will 
be made2 and that the historian1 writing
 fifty years hence1 will note it in his 
book as a remarkable circumstance1 and a
 proof of the pertinacity with which men
 cling to all which habit and custom    
have rendered familiar--that for        
three-quarters of a century1 if not     
longer1 a piece of attire so repugnant  
to the eye of taste1 and so deficient in
 any quality which should recommend it  
to sensible people1 should have been not
 only tolerated1 but admired4 ,in all   
seriousness1 we hope that the days of   
the tubular hat are numbered1 and that  
in this instance philosophy in sport    
will become reformation in earnest4     

,,professional ,,devotion4   ,lord      
,campbell said lately in the ,house of  
,lords1 that the bill for the           
,registration of ,assurances was drawn  
by ,mr4 ,duval1 and he related an       
anecdote illustrative of that           
gentleman's entire devotion to his      
professional pursuits4 ,a gentleman one 
day said to him1 ,but do you not find it
 very dull work poring from morning     
until night over those dusty            
sheep-skins8 ,why1 said ,duval1 to be   
sure it is a little dull1 but every now 
and then ,i come across a brilliant     
deed1 drawn by a great master1 and the  
beauty of that recompenses me for the   
weariness of all the others4     ,,the  
,,wilfulness ,,of ,,woman4   ,in an     
early number of ,the ,international we  
mentioned a ,,ms4 comedy by the late    
,mrs4 ,,osgood1 in connection with the  
commendations which the dramatic pieces 
of that admirable woman and most        
charming poet had received from         
,sheridan ,knowles and other critics in 

that line4 ,we transcribe the opening   
scene of the play1 which strikes us as  
excellently fitted for the stage4 ,the  
friends of the lamented authoress will  
perceive that it is an eminently        
characteristic production1 though having
 been written at an early age it        
scarcely illustrates her best style of  
dialogue4   ,,act ,,first4--,,scene     
,,first4  ,a room in the ,chateau de    
,beaumont4 ,victorine de ,vere and      
,rosalinde--the former sitting4         
,,rosalinde4--,but consider1 sweet lady1
 you have been betrothed from childhood 
to my lord the ,count4 ,you say it was  
your father's dying wish that you should
 marry him1 and he has been brought up  
to consider you his own4                
,,victorine4--,and for that reason wed  
,i not the ,count2 ,i might have loved  
him had ,i not been bid1 ,for he is     
noble1 brave1 and passing kind4 ,but1   
,rosalinde1 when 'mid my father's vines1
 ,a child ,i roamed1 ,i shunned the     
rich1 ripe fruit ,within my reach1 and  

stretched my little arm ,beyond its     
strength1 for that which farthest hung1 
,though poorest too perchance4 ,years   
past away1 ,the wilful child is grown a 
woman now1 ,yet wilful still1 and       
wayward as the child4  7,she ,sings47   
,though you wreathe in my raven hair    
jewels the rarest   ,that ever illumined
 the brow of a queen1 ,i should think   
the least one that were wanting1 the    
fairest1   ,and pout at their lustre in 
petulant spleen4 ,tho' the diamond      
should lighten there1 regal in splendor1
   ,the topaz its sunny glow shed o'er  
the curl1 ,and the emerald's ray        
tremble1 timid and tender--   ,if the   
pearl were not by1 ,i should sigh for   
the pearl6  ,though you fling at my feet
 all the loveliest flowers   ,that      
,summer is waking in forest and field1  
,i should pine 'mid the bloom you had   
brought from her bowers   ,for some     
little blossom spring only could yield4 
,take the rose1 with its passionate     
beauty and bloom1   ,the lily so pure1  

and the tulip so bright-- ,since ,i miss
 the sweet violet's lowly perfume1      
,the violet only my soul can delight6   
,i prize not ,henri--for a breath1 a    
nod1 ,can make him mine for ever4 ,one  
,i prize ,whose pulse ne'er quickened at
 my step or voice1 ,who cares no more   
for smile from ,victorine1 ,whom princes
 sue--than ,victorine for them4 ,but he 
shall love me--ay1 and when he too ,lies
 pleading at my feet6--,i make no doubt 
,but ,i shall weary of mine idle whim1  
,and rate him well for daring to be     
there6  ,,ros4--,please you1 my lady1   
who is this new victim8  ,,vic4--,whom  
think you1 ,rosalinde8 ,eugene ,legard6 
the brave young captain--lover of       
,carille--betrothed to her--about to    
marry her6  ,,ros4--,but who's ,carille1
 my lady8  ,,vic4--7,impatiently47 ,now 
know you not the youthful village belle 
whose face my gallant cousin raves      
about8 ,i would he'd wed the girl1 and  
leave ,legard and me as free1 to wed6   
7,enter the ,count47 ,what1 torment6    

here again6 7,exit ,rosalinde47  ,,count
 ,,henri4--,where should ,i be1 sweet   
coz8 ,i love the sunshine6  ,,vic4--,so 
love you not this room--for here the sun
 ne'er shines4  ,,count4--,the sun--my  
sun is smiling on me now6  ,,vic4--,oh1 
don't6 ,i'm so tired of all that6       
,,count4--,lady1 it shall not weary you 
again2 ,i've borne your light caprice   
too long already4 ,for the last time ,i 
come to ask of you1 madam1 ,is it your  
pleasure we fulfil at once your father's
 last injunction8  ,,vic4--,ah6 but this
 isn't the last time1 ,henri2 ,i'll     
wager you this hand with my heart in it1
 you will ask me the same question a    
dozen times yet ere you die4            
,,count4--,i'll not gainsay you1 lady2  
time will show4 7,a short pause47 ,yet1 
by my sword1 if such your wager be1 ,i  
will be dumb till doomsday4             
,,vic4--,then book the bet6 and claim my
 heart and hand--7she pauses--he waits  
in eager hope7--on--doomsday morning1   
cousin6  ,,count4--,i claim thee now or 

never6  ,,vic4--,if they only hadn't    
said we must1 ,henri6  ,,count4--,pshaw6
  ,,vic4--,beside1 all the world expects
 it you know2 ,i do so hate to fulfil   
people's expectations3 it is so         
commonplace and humdrum6                
,,count4--,depend upon it1 ,lady        
,victorine1 nobody ever expected you to 
do any thing reasonable or commonplace  
or humdrum6      7,he ,sings47          
,archly on thy cheek1       ,worth a    
god's imprinting1     ,starry dimples   
speak1       ,rich with rosy tinting1-- 
,what a pity1 love1       ,anger's      
burning flushes     ,e'er should rise   
above       ,those bewitching blushes6  
,warm thy lip doth glow1       ,with    
such lovely color1     ,ruby's heart    
would show       ,hues of beauty        
duller1--     ,what a shame1 the while1 
,scorn should ever curl it1     ,and    
o'ercast the smile       ,that should   
still enfurl it6      ,soft thy dark eye
 beams1       ,with the star-night's    
splendor1     ,now with joy it gleams1  

,now with tears 'tis tender1--     ,ah6 
what pain to feel1       ,ere another   
minute1     ,passion's fire may steal   
,all the softness in it6                
,,vic4--,there6 you ,,can sing6 ,i'll   
give the----hem6--his due4 ,i only wish 
you could make love as well as you make 
verses4  ,,count4--,and how should ,i   
make love8  ,,vic4--,how8 ,you should be
 at my feet all day and under my window 
all night2 you should call black white  
when ,i call it so1 and--wear a single  
hair of my eyelash next your heart for  
ever4  ,,count4--,hum6 ,any thing more1 
cousin8  ,,vic4--,yes3 you should write 
sonnets on the sole of my shoe1 and     
study every curve of my brow1 as if life
 and death were in its rise or fall6    
7,he turns away47 ,henri1 come here6    
7,he approaches47 ,come6 you are a      
good-looking man enough1 after all6 ,ah6
 why couldn't my poor father have       
forbidden me to marry you6 ,he might    
have known ,i should have been sure in  
that case to have fallen desperately in 

love with you1 ,henri6  ,,count4--,by   
,heaven1 ,i will bear this trifling no  
longer6 ,i will write instantly and     
propose to the peasant girl1            
,carille--she will be proud to be called
 ,la ,contesse de ,beaumont4            
,,vic4--,will you do so8 ,oh1 you       
darling cousin6 ,i shall love you dearly
 when you are once married6 ,and1       
cousin1 ,i don't believe she'll live    
till doomsday1 do you8 ,don't forget    
that ,i'm to be your second--on doomsday
 morning1 cousin4 7,exit ,count in a    
rage47 ,i am so happy--and ,carille will
 be so happy too--,i am sure she will6  
,i know if ,i were a village girl ,i    
should be dying to be a lady--for now ,i
 am a lady ,i am dying to be a village  
girl--heigh-ho4 7,exit47     ,a ,,story 
,,without ,a ,,name4,g  ,,written ,,for 
,,the ,,international ,,monthly         
,,magazine  ,,by ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,,james1   
,,esq4  ,continued from page #eg4       
,,chapter ,,xxii4  ,in a very gaudily   
furnished parlor1 and in a very gaudy   

dress1 sat a lady of some eight or nine 
and thirty years of age1 with many      
traces of beauty still to be perceived  
in a face of no very intellectual       
expression4 ,few persons perhaps would  
have recognized in her the fair and     
faulty girl whom we have depicted       
weeping bitterly over the fate of ,sir  
,philip ,hastings' elder brother1 and   
over the terrible situation in which he 
left her4 ,her features had much        
changed3 the girlish expression--the    
fresh bloom of youth was gone4 ,the     
light graceful figure was lost2 but the 
mind had changed as greatly as the      
person1 though1 like it1 the heart yet  
retained some traces of the original4   
,when first she appeared before the     
reader's eyes1 though weak and yielding1
 she was by no means ill disposed4 ,she 
had committed an error--a great and     
fatal one2 but at heart she was innocent
 and honest4 ,she was1 however1 like all
 weak people1 of that plastic clay      
moulded easily by circumstances into any

 form2 and1 in her1 circumstances had   
shaped her gradually into a much worse  
form than nature had originally given   
her4 ,to defraud1 to cheat1 to wrong1   
had at one time been most abhorrent to  
her nature4 ,she had taken no active    
part in her father's dealings with old  
,sir ,john ,hastings1 and had she known 
all that he had said and sworn1 would   
have shrunk with horror from the deceit4
 ,but during her father's short life1   
she had been often told by himself1 and 
after his death had been often assured  
by the old woman ,danby1 that she was   
rightly and truly the widow of ,john    
,hastings1 although because it would be 
difficult to prove1 her father had      
consented to take an annuity for himself
 and her son1 rather than enter into a  
lawsuit with a powerful man2 and she had
 gradually brought herself to believe   
that she had been her lover's wife1     
because in one of his ardent letters he 
had called her so to stifle the voice of
 remorse in her bosom4 ,the conviction  

had grown upon her1 till now1 after a   
lapse of more than twenty years1 she had
 forgotten all her former doubts and    
scruples1 believed herself and her son  
to be injured and deprived of their just
 rights1 and was ready to assert her    
marriage boldly1 though she had at one  
time felt and acknowledged that there   
was no marriage at all1 and that the    
words her seducer had used were but     
intended to soothe her regret and       
terror4 ,there was a point however      
beyond which she was not prepared to go4
 ,she still shrunk from giving false    
details1 from perjuring herself in      
regard to particular facts4 ,the        
marriage1 she thought1 might be good in 
the sight of heaven1 of herself1 and of 
her lover2 but to render it good in the 
eyes of the law1 she had found would    
require proofs that she could not       
give--oaths that she dared not take4    
,another course1 however1 had been      
proposed for her2 and now she sat in    
that small parlor gaudily dressed1 as ,i

 have said1 but dressed evidently for a 
journey4 ,there were tears indeed in her
 eyes2 and as her son stood by her side 
she looked up in his face with a        
beseeching look as if she would fain    
have said1 ,pray do not drive me to     
this6  ,but young ,john ,ayliffe had no 
remorse1 and if he spoke tenderly to her
 who had spoiled his youth1 it was only 
because his object was to persuade and  
cajole4  ,indeed1 mother1 he said1 it is
 absolutely necessary or ,i would not   
ask you to go4 ,you know quite well that
 ,i would rather have you here3 and it  
will only be for a short time till the  
trial is over4 ,lawyer ,shanks told you 
himself that if you stayed1 they would  
have you into court and cross-examine   
you to death2 and you know quite well   
you could not keep in one story if they 
browbeat and puzzled you4  ,i would say 
any where that my marriage was a good   
one1 replied his mother1 but ,i could   
not swear all that ,shanks would have   
had me1 ,john--,no1 ,i could not swear  

that1 for ,dr4 ,paulding had nothing to 
do with it1 and if he were to repeat it 
all over to me a thousand times1 ,i am  
sure that ,i should make a blunder1 even
 if ,i consented to tell such a         
falsehood4 ,my father and good ,mrs4    
,danby used always to say that the      
mutual consent made a marriage1 and a   
good one too4 ,now your father's own    
letter shows that he consented to it1   
and ,god knows ,i did4 ,but these       
lawyers will not let well alone1 and by 
trying to mend things make them worse1  
,i think4 ,however1 ,i suppose you have 
gone too far to go back2 and so ,i must 
go to a strange out of the way country  
and hide myself and live quite lonely4  
,well1 ,i am ready--,i am ready to make 
any sacrifice for you1 my boy--though it
 is very hard1 ,i must say4  ,as she    
spoke1 she rose with her eyes running   
over1 and her son kissed her and assured
 her that her absence should not be     
long4 ,but just as she was moving       
towards the door1 he put a paper--a     

somewhat long one--on the table1 where a
 pen was already in the inkstand1       
saying1 just sign this before you go1   
dear mother4  ,oh1 ,i cannot sign any   
thing1 cried the lady1 wiping her eyes2 
how can you be so cruel1 ,john1 as to   
ask me to sign any thing just now when  
,i am parting with you8 ,what is it you 
want8  ,it is only a declaration that   
you are truly my father's widow1 said   
,john ,ayliffe2 see here1 the           
declaration1 c41 you need not read it1  
but only just sign here4  ,she hesitated
 an instant2 but his power over her was 
complete2 and1 though she much doubted  
the contents1 she signed the paper with 
a trembling hand4 ,then came a parting  
full of real tenderness on her part1 and
 assumed affection and regret on his4   
,the post-chaise1 which had been        
standing for an hour at the door1 rolled
 away1 and ,john ,ayliffe walked back   
into the house4  ,when there1 he walked 
up and down the room for some time1 with
 an impatient thoughtfulness1 if ,i may 

use the term1 in his looks1 which had   
little to do with his mother's          
departure4 ,he was glad that she was    
gone--still gladder that she had signed 
the paper2 and now he seemed waiting for
 something eagerly expected4  ,at length
 there came a sound of a quick trotting 
horse1 and ,john ,ayliffe took the paper
 from the table hastily1 and put it in  
his pocket4 ,but the visitor was not the
 one he expected4 ,it was but a servant 
with a letter2 and as the young man took
 it from the hand of the maid who       
brought it in1 and gazed at the address1
 his cheek flushed a little1 and then   
turned somewhat pale4 ,he muttered to   
himself1 she has not taken long to      
consider6  ,as soon as the slipshod girl
 had gone out of the room1 he broke the 
seal and read the brief answer which    
,emily had returned to his declaration4 
,it would not be easy for an artist to  
paint1 and it is impossible for a writer
 to describe1 the expression which came 
upon his face as he perused the words of

 decided rejection which were written on
 that sheet2 but certainly1 had poor    
,emily heard how he cursed her1 how he  
vowed to have revenge1 and to humble her
 pride1 as he called it1 she would have 
rejoiced rather than grieved that such a
 man had obtained no hold upon her      
affection1 no command of her fate4 ,he  
was still in the midst of his tempest of
 passion1 when1 without ,john ,ayliffe  
being prepared for his appearance1 ,mr4 
,shanks entered the room4 ,his face wore
 a dark and somewhat anxious expression 
which even habitual cunning could not   
banish2 but the state in which he found 
his young client1 seemed to take him    
quite by surprise4  ,why what is the    
matter1 ,john8 he cried1 what in the    
name of fortune has happened here8      
,what has happened6 exclaimed ,john     
,ayliffe1 look there1 and he handed ,mr4
 ,shanks the letter4 ,the attorney took 
it1 and with his keen weazel eyes read  
it as deliberately as he would have read
 an ordinary law paper4 ,he then handed 

it back to his young client1 saying1    
,the respondent does not put in a bad   
answer4  ,damn the respondent1 said     
,john ,ayliffe1 but she shall smart for 
it4  ,well1 well1 this cannot be helped1
 rejoined ,mr4 ,shanks2 no need of      
putting yourself in a passion4 ,you     
don't care two straws about her1 and if 
you get the property without the girl so
 much the better4 ,you can then have the
 pick of all the pretty women in the    
country4  ,john ,ayliffe mused gloomily2
 for ,mr4 ,shanks was not altogether    
right in his conclusion as to the young 
man's feelings towards ,emily4 ,perhaps 
when he began the pursuit he cared      
little about its success1 but like other
 beasts of prey1 he had become eager as 
he ran--desire had arisen in the        
chase--and1 though mortified vanity had 
the greatest share in his actual        
feelings1 he felt something beyond that4
  ,while he mused1 ,mr4 ,shanks was     
musing also1 calculating results and    
combinations2 but at length he said1 in 

a low tone1 ,is she gone8--,have you got
 that accomplished8  ,gone8--,yes4--,do 
you mean my mother8--,damn it1          
yes6--,she is gone1 to be sure4--,didn't
 you meet her8  ,no1 said ,mr4 ,shanks2 
,i came the other way4 ,that is lucky1  
however4 ,but harkee1 ,john--something  
very unpleasant has happened1 and we    
must take some steps about it directly2 
for if they work him well1 that fellow  
is likely to peach4  ,who8--what the    
devil are you talking about8 asked ,john
 ,ayliffe1 with his passion still       
unsubdued4  ,why1 that blackguard whom  
you would employ--,master ,tom ,cutter1 
answered ,mr4 ,shanks4 ,you know ,i     
always set my face against it1 ,john2   
and now----  ,peach6 cried ,john        
,ayliffe1 ,tom ,cutter will no more     
peach than he'll fly in the air4 ,he's  
not of the peaching sort4  ,perhaps not1
 where a few months' imprisonment are   
concerned1 answered ,mr4 ,shanks2 but   
the matter here is his neck1 and that   
makes a mighty difference1 let me tell  

you4 ,now listen to me1 ,john1 and don't
 interrupt me till ,i've done2 for be   
sure that we have got into a very       
unpleasant mess1 which we may have some 
difficulty in getting out of4 ,you sent 
over ,tom ,cutter1 to see if he could   
not persuade young ,scantling1 ,lord    
,selby's gamekeeper1 to remember        
something about the marriage1 when he   
was with his old father the sexton4     
,now1 how he and ,tom manage their      
matters1 ,i don't know2 but ,tom gave   
him a lick on the head with a stick1    
which killed him on the spot4 ,as the   
devil would have it1 all this was seen  
by two people1 a laborer working in a   
ditch hard by1 and ,scantling's son1 a  
boy of ten years old4 ,the end of it is1
 ,tom was instantly pursued1 and        
apprehended2 your good uncle1 ,sir      
,john1 was called to take the           
depositions1 and without any remand     
whatever1 committed our good friend for 
trial4 ,tom's only chance is to prove   
that it was a case of chance-medley1 or 

to bring it under manslaughter1 as a    
thing done in a passion1 and if he      
thinks that being employed by you will  
be any defence1 or will show that it was
 a sudden burst of rage1 without        
premeditation1 he will tell the whole   
story as soon as he would eat his       
dinner4  ,i'd go over to him directly1  
and tell him to hold his tongue1 cried  
,john ,ayliffe1 now fully awakened to   
the perils of the case4  ,pooh1 pooh6   
don't be a fool1 said ,mr4 ,shanks1     
contemptuously4 ,are you going to let   
the man see that you are afraid of      
him--that he has got you in his power8  
,besides1 they will not let you in4 ,no1
 the way must be this4 ,i must go over  
to him as his legal adviser1 and ,i can 
dress you up as my clerk4 ,that will    
please him1 to find that we do not      
abandon him2 and we must contrive to    
turn his defence quite another way1     
whether he hang for it or not4 ,we must 
make it out that ,scantling swore he had
 been poaching1 when he had done nothing

 of the kind1 and that in the quarrel   
that followed1 he struck the blow       
accidentally4 ,we can persuade him that 
this is his best defence1 which perhaps 
it is after all1 for nobody can prove   
that he was poaching1 inasmuch as he    
really was not2 whereas1 if he were to  
show that he killed a man while         
attempting to suborn evidence1 he would 
speedily find himself under a           
cross-beam4  ,suborn evidence1 muttered 
,john ,ayliffe to himself2 for though   
ready to do any act that might advance  
his purpose1 he did not like to hear it 
called by its right name4  ,however that
 might be1 he agreed to the course      
proposed by the attorney1 and it was    
determined that1 waiting for the fall of
 night1 they should both go over to the 
prison together1 and demand admittance  
to the felon's cell4 ,the conversation  
then reverted to ,emily's distinct      
rejection of the young man's suit1 and  
long did the two ponder over it1        
considering what might be the effect    

upon the plans they were pursuing4  ,it 
may hurry us desperately1 said ,mr4     
,shanks1 at length1 unless we can get   
her to hold her tongue2 for depend upon 
it1 as soon as ,sir ,philip hears what  
we are doing1 he will take his measures 
accordingly4 ,don't you think you and   
,mrs4 ,hazleton together can manage to  
frighten her into silence8 ,if ,i were  
you1 ,i would get upon my horse's back  
directly1 ride over1 and see what can be
 done4 ,your fair friend there will give
 you every help1 depend upon it4  ,john 
,ayliffe smiled4 ,i will see1 he said4  
,mrs4 ,hazleton is very kind about it1  
and ,i dare say will help1 for ,i am    
quite sure she has got some purpose of  
her own to serve4  ,the attorney        
grinned1 but made no answer1 and in the 
space of a quarter of an hour1 ,john    
,ayliffe was on the road to ,mrs4       
,hazleton's dwelling4  ,after quarter of
 an hour's private conversation with the
 lady of the house1 he was admitted to  
the room in which ,emily sat1           

unconscious of his being there4 ,she was
 displeased and alarmed at seeing him1  
but his words and his conduct after he  
entered1 frightened and displeased her  
still more4 ,he demanded secrecy in a   
stern and peremptory tone1 and          
threatened with vague1 but not          
ill-devised menaces1 to be the ruin of  
her father and his whole house1 if she  
breathed one word of what had taken     
place between them4 ,he sought1         
moreover1 to obtain from her a promise  
of secrecy2 but that ,emily would on no 
account give1 although he terrified her 
greatly2 and he left her still in doubt 
as to whether his secret was safe or    
not4  ,with ,mrs4 ,hazleton he held     
another conference1 but from her he     
received better assurances4 ,do not be  
afraid1 she said2 ,i will manage it for 
you4 ,she shall not betray you--at least
 for a time4 ,however1 you had better   
proceed as rapidly as possible1 and if  
the means of pursuing your claim be     
necessary--,i mean in point of          

money--have no scruple in applying to   
me4  ,putting on an air of queenly      
dignity1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton proceeded in   
search of ,emily1 as soon as the young  
man was gone4 ,she found her in tears2  
and sitting down by her side1 she took  
her hand in a kindly manner1 saying1 ,my
 dear child1 ,i am very sorry for all   
this1 but it is really in some degree   
your own fault4 ,nay1 you need not      
explain any thing4 ,i have just had     
young ,ayliffe with me4 ,he has told me 
all1 and ,i have dismissed him with a   
sharp rebuke4 ,if you had confided to me
 last night that he had proposed to you1
 and you had rejected him1 ,i would have
 taken care that he should not have     
admittance to you4 ,indeed1 ,i am       
surprised that he should presume to     
propose at all1 without longer          
acquaintance4 ,but he seems to have     
agitated and terrified you much4 ,what  
did he want8  ,he endeavored to make me 
promise1 replied ,emily1 that ,i would  
not tell my father1 or any one1 of what 

had occurred4  ,foolish boy6 he might   
have taken that for granted1 replied    
,mrs4 ,hazleton1 forgetting for an      
instant what she had just said4 ,no     
woman of any delicacy ever speaks of a  
matter of this kind1 when once she has  
taken upon herself to reject a proposal 
unconditionally4 ,if she wishes for     
advice1 continued the lady1 recollecting
 herself1 or thinks that the suit may be
 pressed improperly1 of course she's    
free to ask counsel and assistance of   
some female friend1 on whom she can     
depend4 ,but the moment the thing is    
decided1 of course1 she is silent for   
ever2 for nothing can be more a matter  
of honorable confidence than an avowal  
of honorable love4 ,i will write him a  
note1 and tell him he is in no danger1  
but warn him not to present himself here
 again1 so long as you are with me4     
,emily made no answer1 trying to decide 
in her own mind whether ,mrs4           
,hazleton's reasoning was right2 and    
that lady1 choosing to take her assent  

for granted1 from her silence1 hurried  
away1 to give her no opportunity for    
retracting4  ,,footnotes3  ,g ,entered  
according to ,act of ,congress1 in the  
year #ahej1 by ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,james1 in   
the ,clerk's ,office of the ,district   
,court of the ,united ,states for the   
,southern ,district of ,new-,york4      
,,chapter ,,xxiii4  ,before the door of 
a large brick building1 with no windows 
towards the street1 and tall walls      
rising up till they overtopped the      
neighboring houses1 stood two men1 about
 an hour after night had fallen1 waiting
 for admittance4 ,the great large iron  
bar which formed the knocker of the     
door1 had descended twice with a heavy  
thump1 but yet no one appeared in answer
 to the summons4 ,it was again in the   
hand of ,mr4 ,shanks and ready to       
descend1 when the rattling of keys was  
heard inside2 bolts were withdrawn and  
bars cast down1 and one half of the door
 opened1 displaying a man with a        
lantern1 which he held up to gaze at his

 visitors4 ,his face was fat and        
bloated1 covered with a good number of  
spots1 and his swollen eyelids made his 
little keen black eyes look smaller than
 they even naturally were1 while his    
nose1 much in the shape of a            
horsechestnut1 blushed with the hues of 
the early morning4  ,how are you1 ,cram1
 how are you8 asked the attorney4 ,i    
haven't been here for a long time1 but  
you know me1 ,i suppose4  ,oh1 yes1 ,i  
know you1 ,master ,shanks1 replied the  
jailer1 winking one of his small black  
eyes2 who have you come to see8 ,betty  
,diaper1 ,i'll warrant1 who prigged the 
gentleman's purse at the bottom of the  
hill4 ,she's as slink a diver as any on 
the lay2 but she's got the shiners and  
so must have counsel to defend her      
before the beak1 ,i'll bet a gallon4    
,no1 no1 answered ,mr4 ,shanks1 our old 
friend ,tom ,cutter wants to see me on  
this little affair of his4  ,you'll make
 no hand of that1 as sure as my name's  
,dionysius ,cram1 replied the jailer4   

,can't prove an alibi there1 ,master    
,shanks1 for ,i saw him do the job2     
besides he can't pay4 ,what's the use of
 meddling with him8 ,he must swing some 
time you know1 and one day's as good as 
another4 ,but come in1 ,master ,shanks1 
come in4 ,but who's this here other     
chap8  ,that's my clerk1 replied ,mr4   
,shanks1 ,i may want him to take        
instructions4  ,the man laughed1 but    
demurred1 but a crown piece was in those
 days the key to all jailers' hearts1   
and after a show of hesitation1 ,shanks 
and his young companion were both       
admitted within the gates4 ,they now    
found themselves in a small square      
space1 guarded on two sides by tall iron
 railings1 which bent overhead1 and were
 let into the wall somewhat after the   
manner of a birdcage4 ,on the left-hand 
side1 however1 was another brick wall1  
with a door and some steps leading up to
 it4 ,by this entrance ,mr4 ,dionysius  
,cram led them into a small jailer's    
lodge1 with a table and some wooden     

chairs1 in the side of which1 opposite  
to the entrance1 was a strong movable   
grate1 between the bars of which might  
be seen a yawning sort of chasm leading 
into the heart of the prison4  ,again   
,mr4 ,cram's great keys were put in     
motion1 and he opened the grate to let  
them pass1 eyeing ,john ,ayliffe with   
considerable attention as he did so4    
,locking the grate carefully behind him1
 he lighted them on with his lantern1   
muttering as he went in the peculiar    
prison slang of those days1 various     
sentences not very complimentary to the 
tastes and habits of young ,john        
,ayliffe1 ,ay1 ay1 he said1 clerk be    
damned6 ,one of ,tom's pals1 for a pint 
and a boiled bone--droll ,i don't know  
him4 ,he must be twenty1 and ought to   
have been in the stone pitcher often    
enough before now4 ,dare say he's been  
sent to ,mill ,dol1 for some minor4     
,that's not in my department1 ,i shall  
have the darbies on him some day4 ,he'd 
look handsome under the tree4  ,john    

,ayliffe had a strong inclination to    
knock him down1 but he restrained       
himself1 and at length a large plated   
iron door admitted the two gentlemen    
into the penetralia of the temple4  ,a  
powerful smell of aqua vit and other    
kinds of strong waters now pervaded the 
atmosphere1 mingled with that close     
sickly odor which is felt where great   
numbers of uncleanly human beings are   
closely packed together2 and from some  
distance was heard the sounds of riotous
 merriment1 ribald song1 and hoarse1    
unfeeling laugh1 with curses and        
execrations not a few4 ,it was a time   
when the abominations of the prison     
system were at their height4  ,here1 you
 step in here1 said ,mr4 ,cram to the   
attorney and his companion1 and ,i'll   
bring ,tom to you in a minute4 ,he's    
having a lush with some of his pals2    
though ,i thought we were going to have 
a mill1 for ,jack ,perkins1 who is to be
 hanged o' ,monday1 roused out his slack
 jaw at him for some quarrel about a    

gal1 and ,tom don't bear such like      
easily4 ,howsumdever1 they made it up   
and clubbed a gallon4 ,stay1 ,i'll get  
you a candle end2 and leaving them in   
the dark1 not much1 if the truth must be
 told1 to the satisfaction of ,john     
,ayliffe1 he rolled away along the      
passage and remained absent several     
minutes4  ,when he returned1 a clanking 
step followed him1 as heavy irons were  
dragged slowly on by unaccustomed limbs1
 and the moment after1 ,tom ,cutter     
stood in the presence of his two        
friends4  ,the jailer brought them in a 
piece of candle about two inches long1  
which he stuck into a sort of socket    
attached to an iron bar projecting      
straight from the wall2 and having done 
this he left the three together1 taking 
care to close and lock the door behind  
him4  ,chair or stool in the room there 
was none1 and the only seat1 except the 
floor1 which the place afforded was the 
edge of a small wooden bedstead or      
trough1 as it might be called1 scantily 

furnished with straw4  ,both ,mr4       
,shanks and ,john ,ayliffe shook hands  
with the felon1 whose face1 though      
somewhat flushed with drinking1 bore    
traces of deeper and sterner feelings   
than he chose to show4 ,he seemed glad  
to see them1 however1 and said it was   
very kind of them to come1 adding with  
an inquiring look at ,mr4 ,shanks1 ,i   
can't pay you1 you know1 ,master lawyer2
 for what between my garnish and lush1  
,i shall have just enough to keep me    
till the 'sizes2 ,i shan't need much    
after that ,i fancy4  ,pooh1 pooh1 cried
 the attorney1 don't be downhearted1    
,tom1 and as to pay1 never mind that4   
,john here will pay all that's needful1 
and we'll have down counsellor ,twistem 
to work the witnesses4 ,we can't make   
out an alibi1 for the folks saw you1 but
 we'll get you up a character1 if money 
can make a reputation1 and ,i never knew
 the time in ,england when it could not4
 ,we have come to consult with you at   
once as to what's the best defence to be

 made1 that we may have the story all   
pat and right from the beginning1 and no
 shifting and turning afterwards4  ,i   
wish ,i hadn't killed the man1 said ,tom
 ,cutter1 gloomily2 ,i shan't forget his
 face in a hurry as he fell over and    
cried out ',oh1 my poor--6' but the last
 word choked him4 ,he couldn't get it   
out2 but ,i fancy he was thinking of his
 wife--or maybe his children4 ,but what 
could ,i do8 ,he gave me a sight of bad 
names1 and swore he would peach about   
what ,i wanted him to do4 ,he called me 
a villain1 and a scoundrel1 and a cheat1
 and a great deal more besides1 till my 
blood got up1 and having got the stick  
by the small end1 ,i hit him with the   
knob on the temple4 ,i didn't know ,i   
hit so hard2 but ,i was in a rage4      
,that's just what ,i thought--just what 
,i thought1 said ,mr4 ,shanks4 ,you     
struck him without premeditation in a   
fit of passion4 ,now if we can make out 
that he provoked you beyond bearing--   
,that he did1 said ,tom ,cutter4        

,that's what ,i say1 continued ,mr4     
,shanks1 if we can make out that he     
provoked you beyond bearing while you   
were doing nothing unlawful and wrong1  
that isn't murder1 ,tom4  ,hum1 said    
,tom ,cutter1 but how will you get that 
up1 ,mr4 ,shanks8 ,i've a notion that   
what ,i went to him about was devilish  
unlawful4  ,ay1 but nobody knew any     
thing of that but you and he1 and ,john 
,ayliffe and ,i4 ,we must keep that     
quite close1 and get up a likely story  
about the quarrel4 ,you will have to    
tell it yourself1 you know1 ,tom1 though
 we'll make counsellor ,twistem let the 
jury see it beforehand in his           
examinations4  ,a gleam of hope seemed  
to lighten the man's face1 and ,mr4     
,shanks continued1 ,we can prove1 ,i    
dare say1 that this fellow ,scantling   
had a great hatred for you4  ,no1 no1 he
 had not1 said ,tom ,cutter1 he was more
 civil to me than most1 for we had been 
boys together4  ,that doesn't matter1   
said ,mr4 ,shanks1 we must prove it2 for

 that's your only chance1 ,tom4 ,if we  
can prove that you always spoke well of 
him1 so much the better2 but we must    
show that he was accustomed to abuse    
you1 and to call you a damned ruffian   
and a poacher4 ,we'll do it--we'll do   
it2 and then if you stick tight to your 
story1 we'll get you off4  ,but what's  
the story to be1 master ,shanks8 asked  
,tom ,cutter1 ,i can't learn a long one2
 ,i never was good at learning by heart4
  ,oh1 no2 it shall be as short and     
simple as possible1 replied ,shanks2 you
 must admit having gone over to see him1
 and that you struck the blow that      
killed him4 ,we can't get over that1    
,tom2 but then you must say you're      
exceedingly sorry1 and was so the very  
moment after4  ,so ,i was1 replied ,tom 
,cutter4  ,and your story must refer1   
continued ,mr4 ,shanks1 to nothing but  
what took place just before the blow was
 struck4 ,you must say that you heard he
 accused you of putting wires in ,lord  
,selby's woods1 and that you went over  

to clear yourself2 but that he abused   
you so violently1 and insulted you so   
grossly1 your blood got up and you      
struck him1 only intending to knock him 
down4 ,do you understand me8  ,quite    
well--quite well1 replied ,tom ,cutter1 
his face brightening2 ,i do think that  
may do1 'specially if you can make out  
that ,i was accustomed to speak well of 
him1 and he to abuse me4 ,it's an       
accident that might happen to any man4  
,to be sure1 replied ,mr4 ,shanks2 we   
will take care to corroborate your      
story1 only you get it quite right4 ,now
 let us hear what you will say4  ,tom   
,cutter repeated the tale he had been   
taught very accurately2 for it was just 
suited to his comprehension1 and ,shanks
 rubbed his hands1 saying1 ,that will   
do--that will do4  ,john ,ayliffe1      
however1 was still not without his      
anxieties1 and after a little hesitation
 as to how he should put the question   
which he meditated1 he said1 ,of course1
 ,tom1 ,i suppose you have not told any 

of the fellows here what you came over  
for8  ,the ruffian knew him better than 
he thought1 and understood his object at
 once4  ,no1 no1 ,john1 he said1 ,i     
have'nt peached1 and shall not2 be you  
sure of that4 ,if ,i am to die1 ,i'll   
die game1 depend upon it2 but ,i do     
think there's a chance now1 and we may  
as well make the best of it4  ,to be    
sure--to be sure1 answered the more     
prudent ,shanks2 you don't think1 ,mr4  
,ayliffe1 that he would be fool enough  
to go and cut his own throat by telling 
any one what would be sure to hang him4 
,that is a very green notion4  ,oh1 no1 
nor would ,i say a word that could serve
 that ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 said ,tom 
,cutter2 he's been my enemy for the last
 ten years1 and ,i could see he would be
 as glad to twist my neck as ,i have    
been to twist his hares4 ,perhaps ,i may
 live to pay him yet4  ,i'm not sure you
 might not give him a gentle rub in your
 defence1 said ,john ,ayliffe2 he would 
not like to hear that his pretty proud  

daughter ,emily came down to see me1 as 
,i'm sure she did1 let her say what she 
will1 when ,i was ill at the cottage by 
the park gates4 ,you were in the house1 
don't you recollect1 getting a jug of   
beer1 while ,i was sitting at the door  
when she came down8  ,i remember1 ,i    
remember1 replied ,tom ,cutter1 with a  
malicious smile2 ,i gave him one rub    
which he didn't like when he committed  
me1 and ,i'll do this too4  ,take care1 
said ,mr4 ,shanks1 you had better not   
mix up other things with your defence4  
,oh1 ,i can do it quite easily1 replied 
the other with a triumphant look2 ,i    
could tell what happened then1 and how  
,i heard there that people suspected me 
of poaching still1 though ,i had quite  
given it up1 and how ,i determined to   
find out from that minute who it was    
accused me4  ,that can do no harm1 said 
,shanks1 who had not the least objection
 to see ,sir ,philip ,hastings          
mortified2 and after about half an      
hour's farther conversation1 having     

supplied ,tom ,cutter with a small sum  
of money1 the lawyer and his young      
companion prepared to withdraw4 ,shanks 
whistled through the key-hole of the    
door1 producing a shrill loud sound as  
if he were blowing over the top of a    
key2 and ,dionysius ,cram understanding 
the signal1 hastened to let them out4   
,before we proceed farther1 however1    
with any other personage1 we may as well
 trace the fate of ,mr4 ,thomas ,cutter4
  ,the assizes were approaching near at 
this time1 and about a fortnight after1 
he was brought to trial2 not all the    
skill of counsellor ,twistem1 however1  
nor the excellent character which ,mr4  
,shanks tried to procure for him1 had   
any effect2 his reputation was too well 
established to be affected by any       
scandalous reports of his being a       
peaceable and orderly man4 ,his violence
 and irregular life were too well known 
for the jury to come to any other       
conclusion than that it would be a good 
thing to rid the country of him1 and    

whether very legally or not1 ,i cannot  
say1 they brought in a verdict of wilful
 murder without quitting the box4 ,his  
defence1 however1 established for him   
the name of a very clever fellow1 and   
one portion of it certainly sent ,sir   
,philip ,hastings from the ,court       
thoughtful and gloomy4 ,nevertheless1 no
 recommendation to mercy having issued  
from the ,judge1 ,tom ,cutter was hanged
 in due form of law1 and to use his own 
words1 died game4   ,,chapter ,,xxiv4   
,we must go back a little1 for we have  
somewhat anticipated our tale4 ,never   
did summons strike more joyfully on the 
ear of mortal than came that of her     
recall home to ,emily ,hastings4 ,as so 
often happens to all in life1 the       
expected pleasure had turned to ashes on
 the lip1 and her visit to ,mrs4        
,hazleton offered hardly one point on   
which memory could rest happily4 ,nay1  
more1 without being able definitely to  
say why1 when she questioned her own    
heart1 the character of her beautiful   

hostess had suffered by close           
inspection4 ,she was not the same in    
,emily's esteem as she had been before4 
,she could not point out what ,mrs4     
,hazleton had said or done to produce   
such an impression2 but she was less    
amiable1--less reverenced4 ,it was not  
alone that the trappings in which a     
young imagination had decked her were   
stripped off2 but it was that a baser   
metal beneath had here and there shown  
doubtfully through the gilding with     
which she concealed her real character4 
,if the summons was joyful to ,emily1 it
 was a surprise and an unpleasant one to
 ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,not that she wished  
to keep her young guest with her long2  
for she was too keen and shrewd not to  
perceive that ,emily would not be worked
 upon so easily as she had imagined2 and
 that under her very youthfulness there 
was a strength of character which must  
render one part of the plans against her
 certainly abortive4 ,but ,mrs4         
,hazleton was taken by surprise4 ,she   

could have wished to guard against      
construction of some parts of her       
conduct which must be the more          
unpleasant1 because the more just4 ,she 
had fancied she would have time to give 
what gloss she chose to her conduct in  
,emily's eyes1 and to prevent dangerous 
explanations between the father and the 
daughter4 ,moreover1 the suddenness of  
the call alarmed her and raised doubts4 
,whereever there is something to be     
concealed there is something to be      
feared1 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton asked       
herself if ,emily had found means to    
communicate to ,sir ,philip ,hastings   
what had occurred with ,john ,ayliffe4  
,that1 however1 she soon concluded was  
impossible4 ,some knowledge of the      
facts1 nevertheless1 might have reached 
him from other sources1 and ,mrs4       
,hazleton grew uneasy4 ,sir ,philip's   
letter to his daughter1 which ,emily at 
once suffered her hostess to see1 threw 
no light upon the subject4 ,it was      
brief1 unexplicit1 and though perfectly 

kind and tender1 peremptory4 ,it merely 
required her to return to the ,hall1 as 
some business rendered her presence at  
home necessary4  ,little did ,mrs4      
,hazleton divine the business to which  
,sir ,philip alluded4 ,had she known it1
 what might have happened who can say8  
,there were terribly strong passions    
within that fair bosom1 and there were  
moments when those strong passions      
mastered even strong worldly sense and  
habitual self-control4  ,there was not  
much time1 however1 for even thought1   
and less for preparation4 ,emily        
departed1 after having received a few   
words of affectionate caution from ,mrs4
 ,hazleton1 delicately and skilfully    
put1 in such a manner as to produce the 
impression that she was speaking of     
subjects personally indifferent to      
herself--except in so much as her young 
friend's own happiness was concerned4   
,shall we say the truth8 ,emily attended
 but little4 ,her thoughts were full of 
her father's letter1 and of the joy of  

returning to a home where days passed   
peacefully in an even quiet course1 very
 different from that in which the stream
 of time had flowed at ,mrs4            
,hazleton's4 ,the love of strong        
emotions--the brandy-drinking of the    
mind--is an acquired taste4 ,few1 very  
few have it from nature4 ,poor ,emily1  
she little knew how many strong emotions
 were preparing for her4  ,gladly she   
saw the carriage roll onward through    
scenes more and more familiar at every  
step4 ,gladly she saw the forked gates  
appear1 and marked the old well-known   
hawthorns as they flitted by her2 and   
the look of joy with which she sprang   
into her father's arms1 might have      
convinced any heart that there was but  
one home she loved4  ,now go and dress  
for dinner at once1 my child1 said ,sir 
,philip1 we have delayed two hours for  
you4 ,be not long4  ,nor was ,emily     
long2 she could not have been more rapid
 had she known that ,marlow was waiting 
eagerly for her appearance4 ,well       

pleased1 indeed1 was she to see him1    
when she entered the drawing-room2 but  
for the first time since she had known  
him--from some cause or other--a        
momentary feeling of embarrassment--of  
timidity1 came upon her2 and the color  
rose slightly in her cheek4 ,her eyes   
spoke1 however1 more than her lips could
 say1 and ,marlow must have been        
satisfied1 if lovers ever could be      
satisfied4  ,lady ,hastings was lying   
languidly on a couch1 not knowing how to
 intimate to her daughter her           
disapproval of a suit yet unknown to    
,emily herself4 ,she could not venture  
to utter openly one word in opposition2 
for ,sir ,philip ,hastings had desired  
her not to do so1 and she had given a   
promise to forbear1 but she thought it  
would be perfectly consistent with that 
promise1 and perfectly fair and right to
 show in other ways than by words1 that 
,mr4 ,marlow was not the man she would  
have chosen for her daughter's husband1 
and even to insinuate objections which  

she dare not state directly4  ,in her   
manner to ,marlow therefore1 ,lady      
,hastings1 though perfectly courteous   
and polite--for such was ,sir ,philip's 
pleasure--was as cold as ice1 always    
added ,sir to her replies1 and never    
forgot herself so far as to call him by 
his name4  ,emily remarked this         
demeanor2 but she knew--,i should rather
 have said she was aware2 for it was a  
matter more of sensation than thought--a
 conviction that had grown up in her    
mind without reflection--she was aware  
that her mother was somewhat capricious 
in her friendships4 ,she had seen it in 
the case of servants and of some of the 
governesses she had had when she was    
quite young4 ,one day they would be all 
that was estimable and charming in ,lady
 ,hastings' eyes1 and another1 from some
 slight offence--some point of demeanor 
which she did not like--or some moody   
turn of her own mind1 they would be all 
that was detestable4 ,it had often been 
the same1 too1 with persons of a higher 

station2 and therefore it did not in the
 least surprise her to find that ,mr4   
,marlow1 who had been ever received by  
,lady ,hastings before as a familiar    
friend1 should now be treated almost as 
a stranger4  ,it grieved her1           
nevertheless1 and she thought that      
,marlow must feel her mother's conduct  
painfully4 ,she would fain have made up 
for it by any means in her power1 and   
thus the demeanor of ,lady ,hastings had
 an effect the direct reverse of that   
which she intended4 ,nor did her        
innuendos produce any better results1   
for she soon saw that they grieved and  
offended her husband1 while her daughter
 showed marvellous stupidity1 as she    
thought1 in not comprehending them4     
,full of love1 and now full of hope     
likewise1 ,marlow1 it must be confessed1
 thought very little of ,lady ,hastings 
at all4 ,he was one of those men upon   
whom love sits well--they are but few in
 the world--and whatever agitation he   
might feel at heart1 there was none     

apparent in his manner4 ,his attention  
to ,emily was decided1 pointed1 not to  
be mistaken by any one well acquainted  
with such matters2 but he was quite calm
 and quiet about it2 there was no       
flutter about it--no forgetfulness of   
proprieties2 and his conversation had   
never seemed to ,emily so agreeable as  
that night1 although the poor girl knew 
not what was the additional charm4      
,delightful to her1 however1 it was2 and
 in enjoying it she forgot altogether   
that she had been sent for about        
business--nay1 even forgot to wonder    
what that business could be4  ,thus     
passed the evening2 and when the usual  
time for retiring came1 ,emily was a    
little surprised that there was no      
announcement of ,mr4 ,marlow's horse1 or
 ,mr4 ,marlow's carriage1 as had ever   
been the case before1 but that ,mr4     
,marlow was going to spend some days at 
the hall4  ,when ,lady ,hastings rose to
 go to rest1 and her daughter rose to go
 with her1 another thing struck ,emily  

as strange4 ,sir ,philip1 as his wife   
passed him1 addressed to her the single 
word ,beware6 with a very marked        
emphasis4 ,lady ,hastings merely bowed  
her head1 in reply2 but when she and    
,emily arrived at her dressing-room1    
where the daughter had generally stayed 
to spend a few minutes with her mother  
alone1 ,lady ,hastings kissed her1 and  
wished her good night1 declaring that   
she felt much fatigue1 and would ring   
for her maid at once4  ,lady ,hastings  
was a very good woman1 and wished to    
obey her husband's injunctions to the   
letter1 but she felt afraid of herself1 
and would not trust herself with ,emily 
alone4  ,dear ,emily lay awake for half 
an hour after she had sought her pillow1
 but not more1 and then she fell into a 
sleep as soft and calm as that of       
childhood1 and the next morning rose as 
blooming as the flower of ,june4 ,sir   
,philip was up when she went down       
stairs1 and walking on the terrace with 
,marlow4 ,lady ,hastings sent word that 

she would breakfast in her own room1    
when she had obtained a few hours' rest1
 as she had not slept all night4 ,thus  
,emily had to attend to the             
breakfast-table in her mother's place2  
but in those days the lady's functions  
at the morning meal were not so various 
and important as at present2 and the    
breakfast passed lightly and pleasantly4
 ,still there was no mention of the     
business which had caused ,emily to be  
summoned so suddenly1 and when the      
breakfast was over1 ,sir ,philip retired
 to his library1 without asking ,emily  
to follow1 and merely saying1 ,you had  
better not disturb your mother1 my dear 
child4 ,if you take a walk ,i will join 
you ere long4  ,for the first time1 a   
doubt1 a notion--for ,i must not call it
 a suspicion--came across the mind of   
,emily1 that the business for which she 
had been sent might have something to do
 with ,mr4 ,marlow4 ,how her little     
heart beat6 ,she sat quite still for a  
minute or two1 for she did not know1 if 

she rose1 what would become of her4  ,at
 length the voice of ,marlow roused her 
from her gently-troubled reverie1 as he 
said1 ,will you not come out to take a  
walk8  ,she consented at once1 and went 
away to prepare4 ,nor was she long1 for 
in less than ten minutes1 she and       
,marlow were crossing the park1 towards 
the older and thicker trees amidst which
 they had rambled once before4 ,but it  
was ,marlow who now led her on a path   
which he chose himself4 ,i know not     
whether it was some memory of his walk  
with ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 or whether it was 
that instinct which leads love to seek  
shady places1 or whether1 like a skilful
 general1 he had previously reconnoitred
 the ground2 but something or other in  
his own breast induced him to deviate   
from the more direct track which they   
had followed on their previous walk1 and
 guide his fair companion across the    
short dry turf towards the thickest part
 of the wood1 through which there       
penetrated1 winding in and out amongst  

the trees1 a small path1 just wide      
enough for two1 bowered overhead by     
crossing branches1 and gaining sweet    
woodland scenes of light and shade at   
every step1 as the eye dived into the   
deep green stillness between the large  
old trunks1 carefully freed from        
underwood1 and with their feet carpeted 
with moss1 and flowers1 and fern4 ,it   
was called the deer's track1 from the   
fact that along it1 morning and evening1
 all the bucks and does which had herded
 on that side of the park might be seen 
walking stately down to or from a       
bright1 clear-running trout-stream1 that
 wandered along about a quarter of a    
mile farther on2 and often1 in the hot  
weather1 a person standing half way down
 the walk might see a tall antlered     
fellow standing with his forefeet in the
 water and his hind-quarters raised upon
 the bank1 gazing at himself in the     
liquid mirror below1 with all his       
graceful beauties displayed to the      
uttermost by a burst of yellow light1   

which towards noon always poured upon   
the stream at that place4  ,marlow and  
,emily1 however1 were quite alone upon  
the walk4 ,not even a hind or shart was 
there2 and after the first two or three 
steps1 ,marlow asked his fair companion 
to take his arm4 ,she did so1 readily2  
for she needed it1 not so much because  
the long gnarled roots of the trees     
crossed the path from time to time1 and 
offered slight impediments1 for usually 
her foot was light as air1 but because  
she felt an unaccountable languor upon  
her1 a tremulous1 agitated sort of      
unknown happiness unlike any thing else 
she had ever before experienced4        
,marlow drew her little hand through his
 then1 and she rested upon it1 not with 
the light touch of a mere acquaintance1 
but with a gentle confiding pressure    
which was very pleasant to him1 and yet 
the capricious man must needs every two 
or three minutes1 change that kindly    
position as the trees and irregularities
 of the walk afforded an excuse4 ,now he

 placed ,emily on the one side1 now on  
the other1 and if she had thought at all
 7but by this time she was far past     
thought17 she might have fancied that he
 did so solely for the purpose of once  
more taking her hand in his to draw it  
through his arm again4  ,at the spot    
where the walk struck the stream1 and   
before it proceeded onward by the bank1 
there was a little irregular open space 
not twenty yards broad in any direction1
 canopied over by the tall branches of  
an oak1 and beneath the shade about     
twelve yards from the margin of the     
stream1 was a pure1 clear1 shallow well 
of exceedingly cold water1 which as it  
quietly flowed over the brink went on to
 join the rivulet below4 ,the well was  
taken care of1 kept clean1 and basined  
in plain flat stones2 but there was no  
temple over it1 ,gothic or ,greek4 ,on  
the side farthest from the stream was a 
plain wooden bench placed for the       
convenience of persons who came to drink
 the waters which were supposed to have 

some salutary influence1 and there by   
tacit consent ,marlow and ,emily seated 
themselves side by side4  ,they gazed   
into the clear little well at their     
feet1 seeing all the round variegated   
pebbles at the bottom glistening like   
jewels as the branches above1 moved by a
 fresh wind that was stirring in the    
sky1 made the checkered light dance over
 the surface4 ,there was a green leaf   
broken by some chance from a bough above
 which floated about upon the water as  
the air fanned it gently1 now hither1   
now thither1 now gilded by the sunshine1
 now covered with dim shadow4 ,after    
pausing in silence for a moment or two1 
,marlow pointed to the leaf with a light
 and seemingly careless smile1 saying1  
,see how it floats about1 ,emily4 ,that 
leaf is like a young heart full of love4
  ,indeed1 said ,emily1 looking full in 
his face with a look of inquiry1 for    
perhaps she thought that in his smile   
she might find an interpretation of what
 was going on in her own bosom4 ,indeed6

 ,how so8  ,do you not see1 said        
,marlow1 how it is blown about by the   
softest breath1 which stirs not the less
 sensitive things around1 how it is     
carried by any passing air now into     
bright hopeful light1 now into dim      
melancholy shadow8  ,and is that like   
love8 asked ,emily4 ,i should have      
thought it was all brightness4  ,ay1    
happy love--love returned1 replied      
,marlow1 but where there is uncertainty1
 a doubt1 there hope and fear make      
alternately the light and shade of love1
 and the lightest breath will bear the  
heart from the one extreme to the       
other--,i know it from the experience of
 the last three days1 ,emily2 for since 
last we met ,i too have fluctuated      
between the light and shade4 ,your      
father's consent has given a momentary  
gleam of hope1 but it is only you who   
can make the light permanent4  ,emily   
shook1 and her eyes were bent down upon 
the water2 but she remained silent so   
long that ,marlow became even more      

agitated than herself4 ,i know not what 
,i feel1 she murmured at length1--it is 
very strange4  ,but hear me1 ,emily1    
said ,marlow1 taking her unresisting    
hand1 ,i do not ask an immediate answer 
to my suit4 ,if you regard me with any  
favor--if ,i am not perfectly           
indifferent to you1 let me try to       
improve any kindly feelings in your     
heart towards me in the bright hope of  
winning you at last for my own1 my wife4
 ,the uncertainty may be painful--must  
be painful2 but--  ,no1 no1 ,marlow1    
cried ,emily1 raising her eyes to his   
face for an instant with her cheek all  
glowing1 there must be no uncertainty4  
,do you think ,i would keep you--you1 in
 such a painful state as you have       
mentioned8 ,heaven forbid6  ,then what  
am ,i to think8 asked ,marlow1 pressing 
closer to her side and gliding his arm  
round her4 ,i am almost mad to dream of 
such happiness1 and yet your tone1 your 
look1 my ,emily1 make me so rash4 ,tell 
me then--tell me at once1 am ,i to hope 

or to despair8--,will you be mine8  ,of 
course1 she answered1 can you doubt it8 
,i can almost doubt my senses1 said     
,marlow2 but he had no occasion to doubt
 them4  ,they sat there for nearly half 
an hour2 they then wandered on1 with    
marvellous meanderings in their course1 
for more than an hour and a half more1  
and when they returned1 ,emily knew more
 of love than ever could be learned from
 books4 ,marlow drew her feelings forth 
and gave them definite form and         
consistency4 ,he presented them to her  
by telling what he himself felt in a    
plain and tangible shape1 which required
 no long reverie--none of their deep    
fits of thoughtfulness to investigate   
and comprehend4 ,from the rich store of 
his own imagination1 and the treasury of
 deep feeling in his breast1 he poured  
forth illustrations that brightened as  
if with sunshine every sensation which  
had been dark and mysterious in her     
bosom before2 and ere they turned their 
steps back towards the house1 ,emily    

believed--nay1 she felt2 and that is    
much more--that without knowing it1 she 
had loved him long4   ,,chapter ,,xxv4  
,this must be a chapter of rapid action1
 comprising in its brief space the      
events of many months--events which     
might not much interest the reader in   
minute detail1 but which produced       
important results to all the persons    
concerned1 and drew on the coming       
catastrophe4  ,the news that ,mr4       
,marlow was about to be married to      
,emily1 the beautiful heiress of ,sir   
,philip ,hastings1 spread far and wide  
over the country2 and if joy and        
satisfaction reigned in the breasts of  
three persons in ,emily's dwelling1     
discontent and annoyance were felt more 
and more strongly every hour by ,lady   
,hastings4 ,a ,duke1 she thought1 would 
not have been too high a match for her  
daughter1 with all the large estates she
 was to inherit2 and the idea of her    
marrying a simple commoner was in itself
 very bitter4 ,she was not a woman to   

bear a disappointment gracefully2 and   
,emily soon had the pain of discovering 
that her engagement to ,marlow was much 
disapproved by her mother4 ,she consoled
 herself1 however1 by the full approval 
of her father1 who was somewhat more    
than satisfied4  ,sir ,philip for his   
part1 considering his daughter's youth1 
required that the marriage should be    
delayed at least two years1 and1 in his 
theoretical way1 he soon built up a     
scheme1 which was not quite so          
successful as he could have wished4     
,marlow's character was1 in most        
respects1 one after his own heart2 but  
as ,i have shown1 he had thought from   
the first1 that there were weak points  
in it1--or rather points rendered weak  
by faults of education and much mingling
 with the world4 ,he wanted1 in short1  
some of that firmness--may ,i not say   
hardness of the old ,roman1 which ,sir  
,philip so peculiarly admired2 and the  
scheme now was1 to re-educate ,marlow1  
if ,i may use the term1 during the next 

two years1 to mould him in short after  
,sir ,philip's own idea of perfection4  
,how this succeeded1 or failed1 we shall
 have occasion hereafter to show4       
,tidings of ,emily's engagement were    
communicated to ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 first  
by rumor1 and immediately after by more 
certain information in a letter from    
,lady ,hastings4 ,i will not dwell upon 
the effect produced in her4 ,i will not 
lift up the curtain with which she      
covered her own breast1 and show all the
 dark and terrible war of passions      
within4 ,for three days ,mrs4 ,hazleton 
was really ill1 remained shut up in her 
room1 had the windows darkened1 admitted
 no one but the maid and the physician2 
and well for her was it1 perhaps1 that  
the bitter anguish she endured          
overpowered her corporeal powers1 and   
forced seclusion upon her4 ,during those
 three days she could not have concealed
 her feelings from all eyes had she been
 forced to mingle with society2 but in  
her sickness she had time for           

thought--space to fight the battle in1  
and she came forth triumphant4  ,when   
she at length appeared in her own       
drawing-room no one could have imagined 
that the illness was of the heart4 ,she 
was a little paler than before1 there   
was a soft and pleasing languor about   
her carriage1 but she was1 to all       
appearance1 as calm and cheerful as     
ever4  ,nevertheless she thought it     
better to go to ,london for a short     
time4 ,she did not yet dare to meet     
,emily ,hastings4 ,she feared herself4  
,yet the letter of ,lady ,hastings was a
 treasure to her1 for it gave her hopes 
of vengeance4 ,in it the mother showed  
but too strongly her dislike of her     
daughter's choice1 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton  
resolved to cultivate the friendship of 
,lady ,hastings1 whom she had always    
despised1 and to use her weakness for   
her own purposes4  ,she was destined1   
moreover1 to have other sources of      
consolation1 and that more rapidly than 
she expected4 ,it was shortly before her

 return to the country that the trial of
 ,tom ,cutter took place2 and not long  
after she came back that he was         
executed4 ,many persons at the trial had
 remarked the effect which some parts of
 the evidence had produced on ,sir      
,philip ,hastings4 ,he was not skilful  
in concealing the emotions that he felt1
 and although it was sometimes          
difficult1 from the peculiarities of his
 character1 to discover what was their  
precise nature1 they always left some   
trace by which it might be seen that he 
was greatly moved4  ,information of the 
facts was given to ,mrs4 ,hazleton by   
,shanks the attorney1 and young ,john   
,ayliffe1 who dwelt with pleasure upon  
the pain his successful artifice had    
inflicted2 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton was well 
pleased too4  ,but the wound was deeper 
than they thought4 ,it was like that    
produced by the bite of a               
snake--insignificant in itself1 but     
carrying poison into every vein4  ,could
 his child deceive him8 ,sir ,philip    

,hastings asked himself4 ,could ,emily  
have long known this vulgar youth--gone 
secretly down to see him at a distant   
cottage--conferred with him unknown to  
either father or mother8 ,it seemed     
monstrous to suppose such a thing2 and  
yet what could he believe8 ,she had     
never named ,john ,ayliffe since her    
return from ,mrs4 ,hazleton's2 and yet  
it was certain from ,marlow's own       
account1 that she had seen him there4   
,did not that show that she was desirous
 of concealing the acquaintance from her
 parents8  ,sir ,philip had asked no    
questions1 leaving her to speak if she  
thought fit4 ,he was now sorry for it1  
and resolved to inquire2 as the fact of 
her having seen the young man1 for whom 
he felt an inexpressible dislike1 had   
been openly mentioned in a court of     
justice4 ,but as he rode home he began  
to argue on the other side of the       
question4 ,the man who had made the     
assertion was a notorious liar--a       
convicted felon4 ,besides1 he knew him  

to be malicious2 he had twice before    
thrown out insinuations which ,sir      
,philip believed to be baseless1 and    
could only be intended to produce       
uneasiness4 ,might not these last words 
of his be traced to the same motive8 ,he
 would inquire in the first place1 he   
thought1 what was the connection between
 the convict and ,john ,ayliffe1 and    
stopping on the way for that purpose1 he
 soon satisfied himself that the two    
were boon companions4  ,when he reached 
his own dwelling1 he found ,emily seated
 by ,marlow in one of her brightest1    
happiest moods4 ,there was frank candor1
 graceful innocence1 bright open-hearted
 truth in every look and every word4 ,it
 was impossible to doubt her2 and ,sir  
,philip cast the suspicion from him1    
but1 alas6 not for ever4 ,they would    
return from time to time to grieve and  
perplex him2 and he would often brood   
for hours over his daughter's character1
 puzzling himself more and more4 ,yet he
 would not say a word--he blamed himself

 for even thinking of the matter2 and he
 would not show a suspicion4 ,yet he    
continued to think and to doubt1 while  
poor unconscious ,emily would have been 
ready1 if asked1 to solve the whole     
mystery in a moment4 ,she had been      
silent from an unwillingness to begin a 
painful subject herself2 and though she 
had yielded no assent to ,mrs4          
,hazleton's arguments1 they had made her
 doubt whether she ought to mention1    
unquestioned1 ,john ,ayliffe's proposal 
and conduct4 ,she had made up her mind  
to tell all1 if her father showed the   
slightest desire to know any thing      
regarding her late visit2 but there was 
something in the effects which that     
visit had produced on her mind1 which   
she could not explain to herself4  ,why 
did she love ,mrs4 ,hazleton less8 ,why 
had she lost so greatly her esteem for  
her8 ,what had that lady done or said   
which justified so great a change of    
feeling towards her8 ,emily could not   
tell4 ,she could fix upon no word1 no   

act1 she could entirely blame--but yet  
there had been a general tone in her    
whole demeanor which had opened the poor
 girl's eyes too much4 ,she puzzled     
herself sadly with her own thoughts2 and
 probably would have fallen into more   
than one of her deep self-absorbed      
reveries1 had not sweet new feelings1   
,marlow's frequent presence1 kept her   
awake to a brighter1 happier world of   
thought4  ,she was indeed very happy2   
and1 could she have seen her mother look
 brighter and smile upon her1 she would 
have been perfectly so4 ,her father's   
occasional moodiness she did not heed2  
for he often seemed gloomy merely from  
intense thought4 ,emily had got a key to
 such dark reveries in her own heart1   
and she knew well that they were no true
 indications either of discontent or    
grief1 for very often when to the eyes  
of others she seemed the most dull and  
melancholy1 she was enjoying intense    
delight in the activity of her own mind4
 ,she judged her father from herself1   

and held not the slightest idea that any
 word1 deed or thought of hers had given
 him the slightest uneasiness4          
,notwithstanding the various contending 
feelings and passions which were going  
on in the little circle on which our    
eyes are fixed1 the course of life had  
gone on with tolerable smoothness as far
 as ,emily and ,marlow were concerned1  
for about two months1 when1 one morning1
 ,sir ,philip ,hastings received a      
letter in a hand which he did not know4 
,it reached him at the breakfast table1 
and evidently affected him considerably 
with some sort of emotion4 ,his         
daughters instantly caught the change of
 his countenance1 but ,sir ,philip did  
not choose that any one should know he  
could be moved by any thing on earth1   
and he instantly repressed all          
agitation1 quietly folded up the letter 
again1 concluded his breakfast1 and then
 retired to his own study4  ,emily was  
not deceived1 however4 ,there were      
moments in ,sir ,philip's life when he  

was unable to conceal altogether the    
strong feelings of his heart under the  
veil of stoicism--or as he would have   
termed it--to curb and restrain them by 
the power of philosophy4 ,emily had seen
 such moments1 and knew1 that whatever  
were the emotions produced by that      
letter1 whether of anger or grief or    
apprehension--her father was greatly    
moved4  ,in his own study1 ,sir ,philip 
,hastings seated himself1 spread the    
letter before him1 and read it over     
attentively4 ,but now it did not seem to
 affect him in the least4 ,he was1 in   
fact1 ashamed of the feelings he had    
experienced and partly shown4 ,how      
completely1 said he to himself1 does a  
false and fictitious system of society  
render us the mere slaves of passion1   
infecting even those who tutor          
themselves from early years to resist   
its influence4 ,here an insolent young  
man lays claim to my name1 and my       
inheritance1 and coolly assumes not only
 that he has a title to do so1 but that 

,i know it2 and this instead of         
producing calm contempt1 makes my heart 
beat and my blood boil1 as if ,i were   
the veriest schoolboy4  ,the letter was 
all that ,sir ,philip stated2 but it was
 something more4 ,it was a very artful  
epistle1 drawn up by the joint          
shrewdness of ,mr4 ,shanks1 ,mr4 ,john  
,ayliffe1 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,it      
concisely stated the claims of the young
 man who signed it1 to all the property 
of the late ,sir ,john ,hastings and to 
the baronetcy4 ,it made no parade of    
proofs1 but assumed that those in the   
writer's possession were indisputable1  
and also that ,sir ,philip ,hastings was
 well aware that ,john ,ayliffe was his 
elder brother's legitimate son4 ,the    
annuity which had been bought for       
himself and his mother was broadly      
stated to have been the purchase-money  
of her silence1 negotiated by her       
father1 who had no means to carry on a  
suit at law4 ,as long as his mother     
lived1 the writer said1 he had been     

silent out of deference to her wishes1  
but now that she was dead in ,france1 he
 did not feel himself bound to abide by 
an arrangement which deprived him at    
once of fortune and station1 and which  
had been entered into without his       
knowledge or consent4 ,he then went on  
to call upon ,sir ,philip ,hastings in  
the coolest terms to give up possession 
and acknowledge his right without what  
the writer called the painful ceremony  
of a lawsuit2 and in two parts of the   
letter allusion was made to secret      
information which the writer had        
obtained by the kind confidence of a    
friend whom he would not name4  ,it was 
probably intended to give point to this 
insinuation at an after period1 but if  
it was aimed at poor ,emily1 it fell    
harmless for the time1 as no one knew   
better than ,sir ,philip that she had   
never been informed of any thing which  
could affect the case in question4      
,indeed1 the subject of the annuity was 
one which he had never mentioned to any 

one since the transaction had been      
completed many years before2 and the    
name of ,john ,ayliffe had never passed 
his lips till ,marlow mentioned having  
seen that young man at ,mrs4 ,hazleton's
 house4  ,when he had read the letter1  
and as soon as he thought he had        
mastered the last struggle of passion1  
he dipped the pen in the ink and wrote  
the few following words3  ,sir ,philip  
,hastings has received the letter signed
 ,john ,ayliffe ,hastings4 ,he knows no 
person of that name1 but has heard of a 
young man of the name of ,john ,ayliffe4
 ,if that person thinks he has any just 
claim on ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 or his 
estate1 he had better pursue it in the  
legal and ordinary course1 as ,sir      
,philip ,hastings begs to disclaim all  
private communication with him4  ,he    
addressed the letter to ,mr4 ,john      
,ayliffe1 and sent it to the post4 ,this
 done1 he rejoined ,marlow and ,emily1  
and to all appearance was more cheerful 
and conversable than he had been for    

many a previous day4 ,perhaps it cost   
him an effort to be cheerful at all1 and
 the effort went a little beyond its    
mark4 ,emily was not altogether         
satisfied1 but ,lady ,hastings1 when she
 came down1 which1 as usual1 was rather 
late in the day1 remarked how gay her   
husband was4  ,sir ,philip said nothing 
to any one at the time regarding the    
contents of the letter he had received4 
,he consulted no lawyer even1 and tried 
to treat the subject with contemptuous  
forgetfulness2 but his was a brooding   
and tenacious mind1 and he often thought
 of the epistle1 and the menaces it     
implied1 against his own will4 ,nor     
could he or any one connected with him  
long remain unattentive or ignorant of  
the matter1 for in a few weeks the first
 steps were taken in a suit against him1
 and1 spreading from attorneys' offices 
in every direction1 the news of such    
proceedings travelled far and wide1 till
 the great ,hastings case became the    
talk of the whole country round4  ,in   

the mean time1 ,sir ,philip's reply was 
very speedily shown to ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 
and that lady triumphed a good deal4    
,sir ,philip was now in the same        
position with ,john ,ayliffe1 she       
thought1 that she had been in some time 
before with ,mr4 ,marlow2 and already he
 began to show1 in her opinion1 a       
disposition to treat the case very      
differently in his own instance and in  
hers4  ,there he had strongly supported 
private negotiation2 here he rejected it
 altogether2 and she chose to forget    
that circumstances1 though broadly the  
same1 were in detail very different4    
,we shall see1 she said to herself1 we  
shall see whether1 when the proofs are  
brought forward1 he will act with that  
rigid sense of justice1 which he assumed
 here4  ,when the first processes had   
been issued1 however1 and common rumor  
justified a knowledge of the            
transaction1 without private            
information1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton set out at 
once to visit poor dear ,lady ,hastings1

 and condole with her on the probable   
loss of fortune4 ,how pleasant it is to 
condole with friends on such occasions4 
,what an accession of importance we get 
in our own eyes1 especially if the poor 
people we comfort have been a little bit
 above us in the world4  ,but ,mrs4     
,hazleton had higher objects in view2   
she wanted no accession of importance4  
,she was quite satisfied with her own   
position in society4 ,she sought to see 
and prompt ,lady ,hastings--to sow      
dissension where she knew there must    
already be trouble2 and she found ,sir  
,philip's wife just in the fit frame of 
mind for her purpose4 ,sir ,philip      
himself and ,emily had ridden out       
together2 and though ,mrs4 ,hazleton    
would willingly have found an           
opportunity of giving ,sir ,philip a sly
 friendly kick1 and of just reminding   
him of his doctrines announced in the   
case between herself and ,mr4 ,marlow1  
she was not sorry to have ,lady         
,hastings alone for an hour or two4     

,they remained long in conference1 and  
,i need not detail all that passed4     
,lady ,hastings poured forth all her    
grief and indignation at ,emily's       
engagement to ,mr4 ,marlow1 and ,mrs4   
,hazleton did nothing to diminish       
either4 ,she agreed that it was a very  
unequal match1 that ,emily with her     
beauty and talents1 and even with her   
mother's fortune alone1 might well marry
 into the highest family of the land4   
,nay1 she said1 could the match be      
broken off1 she might still take her    
rank among the peeresses4 ,she did not  
advise1 indeed1 actual resistance on the
 part of her friend2 she feared ,lady   
,hastings' discretion2 but she          
insinuated that a mother and a wife by  
unwavering and constant opposition1     
often obtained her own way1 even in very
 difficult circumstances4  ,from that   
hour ,mrs4 ,hazleton was ,lady          
,hastings' best friend4     ,,natural   
,,revelation4  ,,written ,,for ,,the    
,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine    

,,by ,,alfred ,b4 ,,street4             
,does not the heart alone a ,god        
proclaim6       ,blot revelation from   
the mind of man6       ,yea1 let him not
 e'en ,nature's features scan2          
,there is within him a low voice1 the   
same         ,throughout the varied     
scenes of being's span1       ,that     
whispers1 ,god4 ,and doth not conscience
 speak       ,though sin its wildest    
force upon it wreak6       ,born with   
us--never dying--ever preaching         
,of right and wrong1 with reference aye 
to ,him--       ,and doth not ,hope1 on 
toward the future reaching--            
,the aspirations struggling from the    
,dim       ,up toward the ,bright--a    
ceaseless unrepose         ,of something
 unattained--a ceaseless teaching       
,of unfulfilled desire--the eternal     
truth disclose6     ,,heart-,,whispers4 
,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international   
,,monthly ,,magazine  ,,by ,,mary ,e4   
,,hewitt4       ,what if he loved       
me6--,how the unwhispered thought       

,comes o'er me1 with a thrill of        
ecstacy6     ,and yet1 when constant eve
 his step hath brought1       ,i timid  
shrink as he approaches me4     ,last   
night1 when greeting words were on his  
lips1       ,my ears grew deaf between  
my faint replies2     ,and when he      
pressed my trembling finger tips1       
,i felt me turn to marble 'neath his    
eyes4     ,what if he loved me6 ,if     
'twere mine to share       ,his thought6
 to be of his proud being part6         
,hush6 lest the tell-tale wind should   
idly bear       ,to him this wild1 wild 
beating of my heart     ,for should he  
guess--who in my soul hath name--       
,that ,i1 unsought1 love him1 ah6 ,i    
should die of shame4     ,,the          
,,snowdrop ,,in ,,the ,,snow4  ,,by     
,,sydney ,,yendys4       ,o full of     
,faith6 ,the ,earth is rock1--the       
,heaven     ,the dome of a great palace 
all of ice1     ,russ-built4 ,dull light
 distils through frozen skies           
,thickened and gross4 ,cold ,fancy      

droops her wing1     ,and cannot range4 
,in winding-sheets of snow     ,lies    
every thought of any pleasant thing4    
,i have forgotten the green earth2 my   
soul     ,deflowered1 and lost to every 
summer hope1     ,sad sitteth on an     
iceberg at the ,pole2     ,my heart     
assumes the landscape of mine eyes      
,moveless and white1 chill blanched with
 hoarest rime2     ,the ,sun himself is 
heavy and lacks cheer     ,or on the    
eastern hill or western slope2     ,the 
world without seems far and long ago2   
,to silent woods stark famished winds   
have driven     ,the last lean          
robin--gibbering winds of fear6         
,thou only darest to believe in spring1 
,thou only smilest1 ,lady of the ,time6 
,even as the stars come up out of the   
sea     ,thou risest from the ,earth4   
,how is it down     ,in the dark depths8
 ,should ,i delve there1 ,o ,flower1    
,for beauty8 ,shall ,i find the ,summer 
there     ,met manifold1 as in an ark of
 peace8     ,and ,thou1 a lone white    

,dove art thou sent forth     ,upon the 
winter deluge8 ,it shall cease1     ,but
 not for thee--pierced by the ruthless  
,north     ,and spent with the ,evangel4
 ,in what hour     ,the flood abates    
thou wilt have closed thy wings     ,for
 ever4 ,when the happy living things    
,of the old world come forth upon the   
new     ,i know my heart shall miss     
thee2 and the dew     ,of summer        
twilights shall shed tears for me       
--,tears liker thee1 ah1 purest6 than   
mine own--     ,upon thy vestal grave1  
,o vainly fair6        ,thou shouldst   
have noble destiny1 who1 like     ,a    
,prophet1 art shut out from kind and    
kin6     ,who on the winter silence     
comest in     ,a still small voice4     
,pale ,hermit of the ,year1     ,flower 
of the ,wilderness6 oh1 not for thee    
,the jocund playmates of the maiden     
spring4     ,for when the danceth forth 
with cymballed feet1     ,waking        
a-sudden with great welcoming1     ,each
 calling each1 they burst from hill to  

dell     ,in answering music4 ,but thou 
art a bell4     ,a passing bell1        
snow-muffled1 dim and sweet4        ,as 
is the ,poet to his fellow-men1     ,so 
mid thy drifting snows1 ,o ,snowdrop1   
,thou4     ,gifted1 in sooth1 beyond    
them1 but no less     ,a snowdrop4 ,and 
thou shalt complete his lot     ,and    
bloom as fair as now when they are not4 
,thou art the wonder of the seasons1 ,o 
,first-born of ,beauty4 ,as the ,angel  
near     ,gazed on that first of living 
things which1 when     ,the blast that  
ruled since ,chaos o'er the sere        
,leaves of primeval ,palms did sweep the
 plain1     ,clung to the new-made sod  
and would not drive1     ,so gaze ,i    
upon thee amid the reign     ,of        
,winter4 ,and because thou livest1 ,i   
live4     ,and art thou happy in thy    
loneliness8     ,oh couldst thou hear   
the shouting of the floods1     ,oh     
couldst thou know the star among the    
trees     ,when--as the herald-voice of 
breeze on breeze     ,proclaims the     

marriage pageant of the ,spring         
,advancing from the ,south--each hurries
 on     ,his wedding-garment1 and the   
love-chimes ring     ,thro' nuptial     
valleys6 ,no1 serene and lone1     ,i   
will not flush thy cheek with joys like 
these4     ,songs for the rosy morning2 
at gray prime     ,to hang the head and 
pray4 ,thou doest well4     ,i will not 
tell thee of the bridal train4     ,no2 
let thy ,moonlight die before their day 
,a ,nun among the ,maidens1 thou and    
they4     ,each hath some fond sweet    
office that doth strike     ,one of our 
trembling heartstrings musical4     ,is 
not the hawthorn for the ,queen of ,may8
     ,and cuckoo-flowers for whom the   
cuckoo's voice     ,hails1 like an      
answering sister1 to the woods8     ,is 
not the maiden blushing in the rose8    
,shall not the babe and buttercup       
rejoice1     ,twins in one meadow8 ,are 
not violets all     ,by name or nature  
for the breast of ,dames6     ,for them 
the primrose1 pale as star of prime1    

,for them the wind-flower1 trembling to 
a sigh1     ,for them the dew stands in 
the eyes of day     ,that blink in      
,april on the daisied lea8     ,like    
them they flourish and like them they   
fade     ,and live beloved and loving4  
,but for thee--     ,for such a bevy how
 art thou arrayed     ,flower of the    
,tempests8 ,what hast thou with them8   
,thou shalt be pearl unto a diadem      
,which the ,heavens jewel4 ,they shall  
deck the brows     ,of joy and wither   
there4 ,but thou shalt be     ,a        
,martyr's garland4 ,thou who1           
undismayed1     ,to thy spring dreams   
art true amid the snows     ,as he to   
better dreams amid the                  
flames4--,athenum4     ,,the ,,count    
,,monte-,,leone3 ,,or1 ,,the ,,spy ,,in 
,,society4,h  ,,translated ,,for ,,the  
,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine    
,,from ,,the ,,french ,,of ,h4 ,,de     
,,st4 ,,georges4  ,continued from page  
#gj4   ,v4--,,the ,,entertainment4  ,the
 name of ,count ,monte-,leone produced  

great sensation in the numerous         
assemblage4 ,the adventures of the      
,count and the report of his trial had  
been published in all the ,parisian     
papers1 and in the eyes of some he was a
 lucky criminal1 and of others a victim 
and a martyr to his opinions1 whom ,god 
alone had preserved4 ,the women         
especially were interested in the hero  
of this judicial drama1 on account of   
the exaggerated representations of his  
personal attractions4 ,received with    
general curiosity1 which1 however1 he   
did not seem to notice1 and crossing the
 rooms with his usual dignified air1    
,monte-,leone approached the ,duchess of
 ,palma and expressed his gratitude for 
her kindness in including him among her 
guests4 ,the ,duchess recognized the    
,count politely1 and replied to him with
 a few meaningless phrases4 ,she then   
left him to meet the young ,marquise de 
,maulear1 who came in leaning on the arm
 of her father1 the old ,prince4 ,the   
,prince knew the ,neapolitan            

,ambassador1 whom he had often seen with
 the ,duchess4 ,he had been one of the  
first to visit the ,duchess of ,palma4  
,a man of intelligence and devotion to  
pleasure1 he thought he did not at all  
derogate from his dignity by civility to
 a young and beautiful woman1 who bore  
so nobly the name which was conferred on
 her by love and hymen4  ,duchess1 said 
the ,prince1 presenting ,aminta1 you    
have often questioned me about my       
daughter-in-law1 and know what ,i told  
you4 ,i am1 ,i confess1 proud for you to
 be able now to judge for yourself4 ,in 
the interim ,la ,felina had taken in the
 whole person of ,aminta at a single    
glance1 and the result of this rapid    
examination exerted a strange influence 
on her4 ,she grew pale1 and her voice   
trembled1 as she told the ,prince that  
the praises he had bestowed on the      
,marquise were far less than the truth4 
,the ,marquis de ,maulear1 added she1 is
 an old acquaintance1 and bowing kindly 
to him1 she offered ,aminta a seat and  

then left her1 under the influence of an
 emotion which1 actress as she was1 she 
could repress with great difficulty4    
,the ,prince sat by his daughter-in-law1
 and passing in review before her the   
distinguished personages of the room1   
described them with that skeptical wit1 
that courteous irony1 of which the      
nobles of other days were so completely 
the masters4 ,he spoke like the ,duke   
d',ayer of old1 that caustic wit1 of    
whom a lady of the court said that she  
was amazed that his tongue was not torn 
out twenty times a day1 so full of      
pointed needles was all he said4 ,aminta
 smiled at the pencil sketches of the   
,prince1 or rather at his dagger blow4  
,had the old man1 however1 been twenty  
times as bitter1 she would not have     
found fault with her father-in-law1 for 
she knew he was kind and she was        
grateful to him--one day we shall know  
whence these sentiments originated in   
his mind4 ,the ,marquis de ,maulear had 
left his young wife to speak to his     

numerous acquaintances3 and while the   
,prince for ,aminta's amusement flayed  
alive the various personages who were   
led before him by their evil fate1      
,count ,monte-,leone1 who had seen the  
,ambassador1 sought in vain to pierce   
the crowd which surrounded him4 ,the    
,duke was not in the room when          
,monte-,leone was announced4 ,it was    
then with surprise and almost with      
terror that he saw the ,count approach  
him4  ,i have not had the honor1 said   
he1 to approach your ,excellency since  
the visit paid me at the ,castle ,del   
,uovo4 ,and ,i am doubly gratified at   
being able to return it in your hotel   
amid so splendid a festival4  ,count1   
said the ,duke1 seeking to conquer the  
emotion caused by the unexpected        
presence of ,monte-,leone1 ,i dared not 
hope that you would honor me by         
accepting my invitation2 for you cannot 
be ignorant that an ,ambassador         
represents his king4 ,it is then1 in    
some degree1 as if we meet to-day in the

 palace of his ,majesty ,fernando ,king 
of ,naples3 and ,i think ,i may venture 
to tell you1 in the name of my          
,sovereign1 that if your conduct is a   
token of reconciliation offered by you  
to his cause1 ,fernando ,,iv will       
acknowledge it as cheerfully as ,i do   
now4  ,count ,monte-,leone appreciated  
the graceful perfidy of the language of 
the ,duke1 and was ready to curse the   
secret motive which had led him to the  
,embassy4 ,his eyes1 however1 turned1   
almost contrary to his wishes1 to the   
other side of the room1 and there he    
seemed to find something to sustain him4
 ,he replied to the ,duke as naturally  
as possible1 that in coming to his      
house1 he had remembered only the       
urbanity of his host and his frankness1 
being aware that the ,duke would never  
convert a mere visit of pleasure into a 
political question4  ,the ,duke bit his 
lips when he heard this evasive answer1 
and saw that he had met his equal in    
diplomacy4 ,a young man then approached 

and passed his arm into that of         
,monte-,leone's1 thus putting an end to 
this annoying interview4 ,this young man
 had an eloquent and distingu air1 and  
handsome features1 though they were     
delicate and betokened but feeble       
health4  ,do you know1 my dear ,duke1   
said the new comer to the ,ambassador1  
that one must have a very perfect       
character1 and be invited to a very     
charming ball1 to come as ,i do to your 
house1 after the manner we parted       
eighteen months ago at ,naples4         
,listen6--one goes for health-sake to   
,naples to pass the winter1 to enjoy the
 ,carnival in peace4 ,after one or two  
intrigues with beautiful women having   
dark eyes1 not1 however1 comparable with
 those of the ,duchess of ,palma1 one   
fine night in the middle of a           
,pulcinello supper1 you send us in place
 of a dessert a company of black-looking
 sbirri1 who rush like vultures upon us1
 and rust with dirty hands our ,venetian
 daggers which they wrest from us4      

,twelve to three1 they then separate    
,taddeo1 ,von ,apsbury and myself1 and  
placing us in rickety carriages1 take   
one of us to prison1 another to the     
frontier1 and hurry me on board a       
miserable little vessel1 from which they
 tumble me like a package of damaged    
goods on the quai of ,marseilles4 ,i had
 expected to make the tour of ,italy4   
,vicompte1 said the ,duke1 with a smile1
 the air of ,italy was not healthy for  
you4 ,very excellent physicians told me 
your life was unsafe in that country1   
and that you should leave it as soon as 
possible4 ,so complain to the faculty1  
but thank me for having followed their  
directions4  ,now what mistakes1 said   
the young man1 people make4 ,i have     
always heard that the climate of ,naples
 was excellent for the chest4  ,true1   
said the ,duke1 but it is bad for the   
head4  ,of that ,i know something1 said 
,monte-,leone1 bowing to the ,duke4     
,well1 then1 suppose it is1 continued   
d',harcourt1 who wished at any price to 

avenge himself on the sbirri of his     
,excellency1 in the person of the ,duke 
himself4 ,it may be the climate         
exaggerates and sometimes destroys the  
head1 but it is excellent for the       
heart--a suffering heart--a heart which 
is attacked is easily cured in ,naples4 
,true1 the remedies are sometimes       
priceless1 but patients in desperate    
cases do not hesitate on that account4  
,i hope1 ,count1 said the ,duke1 who    
would not understand the allusion of the
 young man to his marriage1 that the    
climate of ,paris suits you better than 
that of ,naples4 ,besides1 the ,duc     
d',harcourt1 your father1 that most     
influential nobleman1 will prevent you  
henceforth from endangering an existence
 you held too cheaply in ,italy4        
,luckily1 said ,d',harcourt1 with a     
smile1 your ,excellency watched over me1
 and it is no slight honor to have as a 
physician the minister of police of a   
kingdom4 ,excuse me1 however1 added he  
to the ,duke1 ,i hear the prelude of    

,collinet's orchestra1 and ,i have a    
family duty to fulfil3 my sister ,mary  
has promised to dance this contradance  
with me1 and ,i must humor the whim of a
 spoiled child4  ,the wild young man    
hurried to take his sister's arm1 and to
 get into place with her4 ,marie        
d',harcourt1 ,ren's sister1 was a       
charming girl1 with blonde hair and a   
rosy complexion1 fair and lithe as a    
northern elf4 ,the blue veins were      
visible beneath her transparent skin1 so
 fair that one might often have fancied 
the blood was about to come gushing     
through it4 ,the ,duke d',harcourt had  
lost two of his sons of that terrible   
pulmonary disease against which         
medicine1 alas1 is powerless4 ,the      
distress of the father was intense1 for 
two of the scions of this family had    
been cut off by death2 and of the five  
offshoots from the family tree1 but two 
remained4 ,all his love was therefore   
centred in ,ren1 now his only son1 and  
in ,marie1 the young girl of whom we    

have just spoken4 ,from a sentiment of  
tender respect1 the ,duke had not       
permitted his last son to assume the    
title of those he had lost1 and ,ren    
continued to be called the ,vicompte    
d',harcourt4 ,there were already        
apparent sad indications that ,ren would
 become a prey to the monster which had 
devoured his two brothers3 ,marie1 a few
 years younger1 gave her father great   
uneasiness1 on account of the excessive 
delicacy of her constitution and        
organization4 ,all ,paris had           
participated in the grief of the ,duke  
d',harcourt2 for all ,paris respected   
him4 ,rich1 kind1 and benevolent1 in an 
enlightened manner1 and within the      
bounds of reason1 rejecting all social  
,utopias1 popular as they might make all
 who sustained them1 the ,duke          
d',harcourt was a ,christian            
philanthropist1 that is to say1 a       
charitable man4 ,charity is the holiest 
and purest of earthly virtues1 and that 
in which this patriarch indulged shunned

 noise and renown4 ,he did not wait     
until misfortune came to him to soothe  
it1 but sought it out4 ,when this second
 providence was known to those whom he  
aided1 the ,duke imposed secrecy on them
 as a reward for all he had done4 ,he   
was1 so to say1 an impersonation of     
,french honor1 and the arbiter of all   
the differences which arose between the 
members of the great aristocratic       
families of ,france4 ,his word was law1 
and his decisions sovereign4  ,the      
,prince de ,maulear had determined to   
marry his son to the daughter of this   
noble old man1 and had been forced by   
the ,marquis's marriage to abandon the  
plan4 ,the ,duke still remained the     
friend of the ,prince1 though he had not
 unfrequently blamed his somewhat lax   
principles4 ,whenever he discovered the 
,prince in any peccadillo1 he used to   
say1 ,well1 we must be lenient to youth4
 ,now1 the ,prince de ,maulear was a    
young man of seventy4 ,the beauty of    
,aminta1 her extreme paleness alone1    

would have sufficed to fix attention1   
and created a very revolution in the    
saloons of the ,embassy4 ,the ,duchess  
of ,palma did not produce her ordinary  
effect4 ,the animation she experienced  
in the beginning of the evening         
gradually left her1 and the sadness     
under which she had previously suffered1
 but which she had thrown off during the
 early hours of the entertainment1 began
 again to take possession of her        
features and person4 ,one man alone     
remarked the ,duchess1 for he had never 
lost sight of her4 ,leaning against the 
door of the boudoir1 his eye followed   
her wherever she went1 and appeared to  
sympathize with all the constraint      
inflicted on her as mistress of the     
house4 ,when1 however1 the ,duchess     
thought she had paid sufficient personal
 attention1 and was satisfied that the  
pleasures of the evening would be       
sustained without her1 the man who      
examined her with such care1 saw her    
come towards the boudoir where he was4  

,he went in without being seen by her1  
and yielding to one of those promptings 
which a man in his cooler moments would 
resist1 went behind a drapery which     
covered a door leading into a gallery of
 pictures1 and waited motionless4 ,the  
,duchess of ,palma entered the boudoir1 
and assuring herself by a glance that   
she was alone1 fell rather than sat on a
 divan1 and suffered two streams of     
tears to flow from her eyes4 ,i was     
strangling1 said she4 ,i would die a    
thousand deaths4 ,my cruel experiment   
has succeeded4 ,he loves her yet--,i am 
sure of it4 ,for her sake he came to    
this entertainment1 to which he would   
not have come for mine4 ,he would have  
made an excuse of his old difficulties  
with the ,duke1 of his political        
position4 ,i would have believed him1   
and have sacrificed my wish to see him  
to propriety and his honor4 ,he never   
ceases to look at her4 ,he thinks of her
 alone4 ,he is busied with her alone1   
yet he has no look1 no thought for me4  

,the ,duchess began to weep again4      
,steps were heard in the gallery--the   
drapery at the door was agitated4 ,oh1  
my ,god6 said the ,duchess1 if met with 
here1 and in this condition1 what shall 
,i do and say6 ,the steps approached4   
,hurrying then to one of the outlets of 
the boudoir1 she opened it hastily1 and 
went into the garden4 ,the steps the    
,duchess had heard were those of two    
persons1 who1 after having been the     
rounds of the room1 were about to go    
into the picture-gallery4 ,the two      
persons were ,ren d',harcourt and ,count
 ,monte-,leone4  ,ah ha6 said the       
,count1 what the devil is ,taddeo doing 
there against the drapery1 there like a 
jealous ,spaniard at a corner of        
,seville1 listening to a serenade given 
by his rival8  ,true6 true6 replied     
d',harcourt1 but ,i think the serenade  
has been given1 for his features express
 the most malevolent expression4  ,the  
emotion of ,taddeo was so violent when  
he heard the words of the ,duchess1 that

 he had not strength to leave4 ,he1     
however1 restrained himself1 and        
listened to the raillery of his friends4
  ,like yourselves1 said he1 with a     
quivering voice1 ,i was in search of    
fresh air1 for it is fearfully warm4    
,do not get sick here1 said d',harcourt1
 for ,doctor ,matheus is not here to    
cure you4  ,silence1 said ,taddeo1      
changing his expression at once1 how    
imprudent you are to pronounce his name4
  ,all three of them entered the        
boudoir4  ,true1 said d',harcourt1 my   
tongue is always quicker than my mind4  
,i will however try and make them keep  
time4  ,when will there be a            
consultation8 asked ,taddeo1 trying to  
be calm4  ,eight days hence6  ,at what  
hour8  ,midnight6  ,are there many      
patients8  ,more than ever1 said the    
,count1 and the poor devils are anxious 
as possible to be cured6  ,then1 said   
d',harcourt1 the practice of the ,doctor
 increases4  ,every day4 ,he will soon  
be unable to turn around4  ,that does   

not make me uneasy1 said d',harcourt1   
our ,doctor is a skilful man1 a great   
philosopher1 and fully acquainted with  
the new medicine4  ,yes1 very new2--he  
treats the mind1 rather than the body4  
,ah1 that is its very essence1 replied  
the ,vicompte1 and ,i know some         
wonderful cures of his--so wonderful1   
indeed1 that on the other day ,i        
presented him to my father4  ,to the    
,duke8 said ,monte-,leone1--introduce   
,doctor ,matheus to the ,duke           
d',harcourt8 ,then in a low voice he    
continued1 ,why did you present him to  
the ,doctor8  ,for a reason which was   
important and very dear to my heart4 ,my
 young sister was suffering2 my father1 
who consulted in behalf of my brothers  
the most eminent practitioners of       
,paris1 lost all confidence in the      
faculty when he lost his sons4 ,he did  
not know whom to consult about his      
daughter2 ,i spoke to him of ,matheus1  
and told him several wonderful cures he 
had effected1 and the ,duke became very 

anxious to see him4  ,and did the stern 
,matheus consent to go to your father's 
house8  ,he was anxious to do so1 and as
 his house is not far from ours1 ,i in a
 few minutes was able to introduce him  
into the patient's room2 and would you  
believe it1 a few of the simplest       
remedies possible exerted a great       
effect4 ,the agitation of my sister was 
calmed--her cough arrested--and this    
evening you see her dancing and         
waltzing1 pretty and gay as possible4   
,the conversation of the three friends  
was soon interrupted by the entrance of 
two other of the personages of our      
story4 ,the ,prince de ,maulear entered 
with the ,marquise on his arm1 seeking  
in this retired spot some repose from   
the fatigues of the ball1 and a less    
heated air than that of the ball-rooms4 
,aminta leaned heavily on the arm of the
 ,prince when she saw ,monte-,leone thus
 unexpectedly4 ,she had observed him    
during the evening1 and in the course of
 the winter they had more than once met 

together4 ,the ,count1 however1 had     
never referred to their parting at      
,sorrento4 ,far from seeking her out1   
,monte-,leone seemed to avoid her4      
,satisfied with saluting her            
respectfully as often as they met1 the  
,count used always to leave her4 ,this  
reserved and proper conduct was         
sufficiently explained by the old       
rivalry of the ,marquis de ,maulear and 
the ,count4 ,recollection of this       
rivalry1 without doubt1 caused in       
,aminta's mind the great emotion she    
always felt when in the presence of     
,monte-,leone4  ,what1 said the ,prince1
 when he saw the ,count1 are you here1  
my dear colleague8 ,this chance delights
 me4 ,my daughter1 said he to the young 
,marquise1 let me introduce to you the  
,count ,monte-,leone1 a great traveller1
 to whom ,i am indebted for the best    
chapter of my ,italian voyages2 all     
action1 ,i will read it to you one of   
these days6 ,ah6 but for the ,count1 ,i 
would never have perfected it4          

,monsieur1 said ,monte-,leone1 with a   
low bow1 ,i have the honor of the       
,marquise's acquaintance2 and ,signora  
,rovero1 her mother1 deigned sometimes  
to receive me at her house before the   
marriage of the ,marquis de ,maulear and
 ,madame--  ,the ,count as he spoke felt
 as if his heart would burst4 ,the      
,prince1 however1 did not perceive it4  
,you know my daughter1 said the ,count1 
yes1 you have not called on her1 you did
 not seek to see me1 who am so glad to  
see you4 ,this is bad1 ,count--you will 
not1 however1 remain away any longer1   
and ,i will not quit you until you      
promise me a speedy visit4  ,i do not   
know if ,i should1 said the ,count1 with
 a hesitation which was not natural to  
him--and looking timidly at ,aminta4    
,we shall be happy to receive the       
,count2 but you know1 ,monsieur1 ,i     
receive no one without the consent of   
the ,marquis--  ,but the ,marquis1 said 
the ,prince1 will be delighted to       
receive so charming a gentleman and     

erudite a traveller as ,count           
,monte-,leone4  ,but ,i also know ,m4 de
 ,maulear1 said the ,count4  ,indeed6   
then you know every one1 said the old   
man4 ,why then be so ceremonious8       
,people of our rank easily understand   
each other4 ,besides1 if the invitation 
of my son is all you need1 here he comes
 to speak for himself4  ,d',harcourt and
 ,taddeo1 especially the latter1 who    
knew how devotedly ,monte-,leone had    
loved ,aminta1 participated in the      
embarrassment of the scene4 ,aminta     
trembled4 ,ah6 you here at last1        
,monsieur1 said the ,prince to his son1 
as he appeared at the door of the       
boudoir4 ,you are a lucky fellow to have
 your father as your wife's cavalier    
servente1 for you have not been near her
 during the whole evening4 ,the ,marquis
 turned pale1 and said with agitation1  
,excuse me1 sir1 but ,i met some old    
friends who kept possession of me all   
the evening4  ,ah6 said the ,prince1    
apropo of old friends--or old           

acquaintances1 if you will1 here is one 
of yours--the ,count ,monte-,leone1 who 
wants only for a word from your mouth to
 renew his acquaintance and visit me4   
,henri looked at ,monte-,leone1 whom he 
had not seen before4  ,without trouble1 
without agitation1 or any apparent      
effort1 he said1 ,count ,monte-,leone   
will always be welcome whenever he      
pleases to visit me4  ,aminta cast a    
glance full of surprise1 grief1 and     
reproach on the ,marquis1 and a secret  
voice repeated in her very heart3--,he  
is no longer jealous1 and therefore does
 not love me4  ,very well1 said the     
,prince to his son1 and turning to      
,monte-,leone1 and giving him his hand1 
he said1 ,we shall meet again1 my dear  
colleague4 ,he continued1 ,we will talk 
of our travels1 and especially of the   
chapter of ,ceprano4  ,then taking the  
arm of ,aminta1 who could scarcely      
support herself1 he returned to the     
ball-room4   ,,vi4--,,journal ,,of ,a   
,,heart4  ,the entertainment continued1 

and the joyous sounds of the orchestra  
reached the very extremity of the garden
 of the ,hotel1 where the ,duchess of   
,palma had taken refuge to conceal her  
tears from all observers4 ,she heard a  
faint noise beneath a neighboring hedge1
 and looking towards it1 saw ,taddeo    
gazing at her with an expression of     
great grief4  ,taddeo1 said she4  ,yes1 
said the young man1 ,taddeo1 who pities 
and suffers with you because he knows   
all and suffers all that unappreciated  
love can inflict on the heart--  ,this  
was said with an expression of deep     
pity4  ,who has told you1 said the      
,duchess proudly1 that ,i suffered as   
you say8  ,your tears1 said ,taddeo1 and
 the memory of the past4 ,better still1 
yourself4 ,the words you uttered not    
long ago in the boudoir1 and which by   
chance ,i heard4  ,signor1 replied the  
,duchess with indignation1 do not       
attribute to chance what you owe to     
ignoble curiosity4 ,to watch a woman--to
 surprise the secrets of her heart1 is  

infamous1 and betrays the hospitality   
extended to you4 ,it shows a want of    
respect for me1 and absence of honor in 
yourself4  ,signora1 my only excuse is  
my ardent passion1 which has lasted in  
spite of time and contempt4 ,i have no  
motive for my fault but my sad interest 
in your suffering1 the cruel progress of
 which ,i have read on your features    
since the commencement of the           
entertainment2--that is all----  ,but1  
,signor1 what have ,i said8 ,what words 
have ,i uttered8 said the ,duchess1     
every feature being instinct with       
terror4  ,nothing1 alas6 that my heart  
has not long been aware of4 ,he that you
 loved1 you love still1 and his coldness
 and insensibility for your devotion1   
makes you lament his ingratitude and    
indifference4  ,the ,duchess seemed1 as 
it were1 relieved of an enormous burden 
which oppressed her4 ,she breathed more 
freely and murmured these words with a  
burst of gratitude to ,god who had      
preserved her--,he knows nothing4       

,taddeo1 said she1 giving him her hand1 
,i pardon you1 for ,i am myself guilty1 
very guilty in still preserving my old  
sentiments in the face of my new        
obligations1 voluntarily contracted4 ,i 
have1 ,i am certain1 lost the right to  
reproach you with a fault1 which passion
 induced you to commit1 while ,i commit 
one far greater4 ,for pity's sake forget
 what you have heard1 and to ask me to  
explain it would be an offence4 ,pity me
 in your heart4 ,ah6 pity me1 for ,i am 
most unfortunate4 ,then drying her eyes1
 she continued1 ,no more of this--be a  
friend to me as you promised six months 
ago1 when we came to ,paris4 ,on this   
condition alone you know that ,i        
permitted you to see me4 ,now give me   
your arm1 and let us return to the      
ball-room1 whence1 probably1 our absence
 has been remarked4 ,they walked in     
silence down the alley which led to the 
ball-room4  ,two hours after1 all was   
calm and silent where every thing had   
been gay and brilliant4 ,the lights were

 out1 and the darkness of night replaced
 the thousand lamps which a few minutes 
before were seen to glitter within the  
palace windows4 ,but one person in all  
the ,hotel of the ,duke of ,palma was   
awake4 ,a woman sat alone1 in a room of 
rare elegance1 still wearing her ball   
attire1 but with her hair dishevelled   
and her heart crushed4 ,her eyes were   
fixed and dry1 and yet red with the     
tears she had shed4 ,she was in all the 
brilliancy of youth and beauty1 but     
which was already defaced somewhat1 by  
the iron claws of sorrow1 which by      
sleepless nights and the ravages of     
jealousy seemed resolved yet more to    
lacerate her4 ,with her head resting on 
her hands1 beautiful and touching as    
,canova's ,magdalen1 she looked with    
sorrow over the papers which lay strewn 
on a rich ebony desk before her4 ,a     
lamp1 the upper portion of which was    
shrouded in blue tulle1 cast a pale and 
sad light over her brow4 ,her fine white
 hand rested on the papers which she    

seemed afraid to touch4 ,no1 said she1  
it is impossible2 all that these contain
 are but falsehoods4 ,no1 this journal  
of my heart1 written by myself1 day by  
day1 cannot be a romance created by the 
imagination in its delirium4 ,no6 all ,i
 wrote there was true4 ,i felt the joys 
and bitternesses1 yet it now seems to me
 a dream4 ,a dream6 can it be a dream8  
,taking up the papers convulsively she  
read as follows3--,it is he4 ,i have    
seen him again and free4 ,i thought that
 he1 like myself1 had contracted a      
life-long obligation4 ,is this joy or   
grief8 ,the ties he was about to form1  
the ties the mere thought of which      
caused me a terrible anguish1 were      
imposed on me by myself4 ,oh my ,god6   
what have ,i done8 ,what perfidious     
demon inspired me when ,i yielded to    
another than to him the right to love   
me8 ,when ,i promised a love ,i knew    
could be given to no other than to him8 
,why on the day of that fatal marriage  
did ,i see him only when ,i was about to

 leave the church8 ,i would have broken 
off had ,i stood at the foot of the     
altar--,i would have told him who was   
about to give me his name--ask me not to
 perjure myself6 do not ask me to pledge
 you a faith ,i cannot keep6 my heart1  
my soul1 my love are his4 ,i thought1   
alas6 because he was not free that ,i   
too might cease to be4 ,i fancied my    
agony to be power1 my spite to be       
courage4 ,when1 however1 ,i saw him pale
 and sombre1 leaning against the door of
 the temple1 ,i felt the coldness of    
death take possession of me1 and ,i     
doubted long after that sad day1 if ,i  
had seen a shadow1 if some              
hallucinations of my senses had not     
evoked a phantom of my vanished love1 to
 inspire me with eternal regret4 ,yet   
,,he it was6 ,,he it was6 and when at   
the risk of my very life ,i would have  
flown towards that man1 ,i was forced to
 follow another4 ,the poor woman paused2
 for a mist obscured her sight1 a       
distillation of burning tears4 ,she     

resumed her task3--,i am a ,duchess but 
of what value is that vain title which  
,i sought1 as an gis against memory1 to 
me8 ,have ,i found it such8 ,for a long 
time1 ,i thought so4 ,i should1 however1
 never have seen him again4 ,i should   
have passed no happy days near him1 and 
have been ignorant of the delirium and  
intoxication of his presence1 which ,i  
never can forget4 ,i had been the wife  
of the ,duke of ,palma six months1 when 
a mission of the ,king of ,naples forced
 him to leave me at a villa on the ,lago
 di ,como1 while he went in a foreign   
country to discharge the duties his     
monarch had imposed on him4 ,i scarcely 
dared to confess to myself1 in spite of 
the kindness of the ,duke1 how ,i was   
delighted during his absence1 for it    
gave me a liberty of mind and thought   
which was absolutely necessary to my    
heart4 ,resolved to discharge all my    
duties1 ,i lived1 or rather vegetated1  
in this existence1 so unoccupied and    
objectless as all marriages contracted  

without love must be4 ,amid1 however1   
the dead calm of a marriage contracted  
without love1 there glittered sometimes 
a burst of passion repressed1 but alas6 
not stifled4 ,dark passions filled my   
bosom1 and ,i felt the poison of regret4
 ,i found myself often longing for my   
independence1 which1 however1 would not 
have contributed to my happiness1 but   
would at least have permitted me to     
indulge in my secret sorrow4 ,my        
temporary solitude1 therefore1 became   
precious to me1 for ,i was about to     
abandon myself to sadness without       
annoying any one1 and without exciting a
 curiosity which it was impossible for  
me to satisfy4 ,when one evening ,i had 
been wandering alone on the banks of the
 lake1 ,i was terrified by a terrible   
scene on the water4 ,at a great distance
 a man made every effort to approach the
 shore--for his boat was evidently      
sinking beneath him4 ,some opening1     
beyond doubt1 permitted the water to    
penetrate1 and his danger became every  

moment more imminent4 ,i was too far    
from the villa to send him any          
assistance1 and as a secret presentiment
 was joined to the horror and pity      
caused by the spectacle1 ,i felt the    
greatest anxiety about the stranger4    
,the night was near1 and the sky became 
darker every moment4 ,by the flashes of 
lights here and there1 ,i saw the bark  
almost sinking1 and ere long1 it was    
entirely gone--and the tranquil waves of
 the lake1 calm as they are wont to be1 
rolled over it4 ,my strength deserted   
me1 and almost in a fainting condition1 
,i fell on the strand4 ,i did not       
absolutely lose consciousness2 for far  
in the distance ,i heard the sound of   
sudden blows on the water1 for which at 
the time ,i could not account4 ,the     
noise approached1 and grew every moment 
more distinct4 ,i then heard the sound1 
as it were1 of a body falling on the    
sand1 accompanied by a painful cry4 ,i  
heard no more4 ,soon ,i saw the light of
 the torches of my servants1 who being  

uneasy1 had come to look for me4 ,they  
found me1 and also a half inanimate     
body1 dripping with water4 ,it was      
doubtless the person whose boat had     
foundered in the water1 and ,i ordered  
him to be taken to the villa and        
carefully attended to4 ,it was late1 and
 ,i returned4 ,a few hours had passed   
since the event1 and ,i was sitting     
alone at the piano4 ,fancy bore me back 
to my last appearance at ,san-,carlo1   
where a mad and infatuated public had   
bade me so enthusiastic an adieu4 ,while
 all that crowd had eyes1 for him alone 
,i wished to be beautiful--for him alone
 to be worthy of the admiration ,i      
excited4 ,dreaming this1 my fingers run 
over the keys1 and joining my voice to  
the instrument1 ,i sang almost          
unconsciously that touching air in which
 ,i had been so much applauded4 ,my song
 was at first low and half-whispered1   
but gradually increased in power4 ,i    
thought ,i spoke to him1 and that his   
eyes were fixed on mine4 ,at last ,i    

paused1 pale with surprise1 joy and     
terror4 ,in the glass before me ,i saw  
,count ,monte-,leone4  ,the memory of   
this event was so distinct and exciting1
 that the ,duchess paused and looked    
around for the apparition which had     
caused her such keen emotion4 ,then1 as 
if she delighted to place the knife in  
the wound1 she took up the manuscript1  
and continued3--  ',excuse me1 ,madame1'
 said the ,count1 'for having thus      
introduced myself into your house2 but  
,i am come to thank you for the cares ,i
 have received in your name4'           
',you--you here8' said ,i1 yet doubting 
my eyes4 ',is it a dream or vision8     
,speak1 speak once more1 that1 ,i may be
 sure ,i do not dream4'  ',felina1' said
 he1 in a tone full of melancholy1 ',i  
know not why our fate should thus       
constantly bring us together4 ,but one  
might think1 that still faithful to your
 old oath1 you continue the providence  
you used to be to me4 ,when a few months
 since1 after the wreck of all my hopes 

of happiness1 after having been         
misconceived by those for whom ,i had   
done so much1 when sad and desperate1 ,i
 cursed my egotistical and cold career1 
you appeared to me in the ,church of    
,ferentino and cast on me1 in the face  
of your marriage vows1 one of those     
deep-loving looks which cheer the heart 
and attach it to life4 ,and when on the 
lake1 exhausted with fatigue and ready  
to yield under the struggle necessary to
 avert my threatened fate1 you again    
came to my relief4 ,you see1 then1'     
continued he1 smiling sadly1 'that in   
becoming the good angel of the ,duke of 
,palma1 you do not cease to be mine4'   
,never had the ,count spoken thus to me4
 ,he had always been cold1 and seemed   
most unwillingly to acknowledge the     
services ,i had rendered him4 ,i had    
never received an affectionate word from
 his mouth before4 ,he saw the trouble  
he gave me1 and taking my hand1 said1   
with a voice full of sensibility1 ',are 
you happy8' ,at this question1 it seemed

 as if my heart would break1 and ,i     
burst into tears4  ',felina1' said he1  
'why do you weep8 what is the meaning of
 this8'  ',do not question me1' said ,i4
 ',let me keep the cause of those tears 
a secret1 for you can neither dry up nor
 understand them4 ,tell me though about 
yourself1 said ,i4 ,tell me of your     
marriage4'  ,monte-,leone grew pale1 and
 said1 ',i am not married1 ,i am free4' 
,i could not repress a feeling of joy4  
',ah6' said he1 bitterly1 ',do you enjoy
 my misfortune8'  ,this word restored me
 to my sang-froid4 ,i became more calm1 
and questioned him4 ,the ,count told me 
all4  ,for many months1 he had travelled
 and returned to ,europe to arrange some
 pecuniary matters previous to his      
return to ,france1 where he purposed to 
remain4 ,passing by la ,tremezzina1 he  
learned1 indirectly1 that certain       
malevolent reports had been circulated  
in relation to him by the brothers of   
the powerful association1 of which he   
had been the chief4 ,a venta was to meet

 on the opposite shore of ,lake ,como4  
,taking a rude costume--he had gone     
thither1 for the purpose of protesting  
against the perfidious insinuations of  
his enemies4 ,afraid1 however1 of being 
watched by some agent of his enemies1 he
 resolved to cross the lake alone and at
 night4 ,thus he became so near being   
lost4 ,the ,count wished to leave me    
that night1 for he was aware of the     
absence of the ,duke of ,palma1 and was 
afraid of compromising me4 ,i1 however1 
retained him for several days in the    
villa1 for the purpose of throwing off  
the vigilance of his enemies4 ,alas6 how
 have ,i regretted those days1 the only 
happy ones of my life4 ,how rapidly they
 passed away6 ,the ,count knew the      
mystery ,i wished to hide from him4 ,he 
read it in my soul1 the only thought of 
which he long had been4 ,he knew why ,i 
had married1 what tears and sorrow ,i   
had known1 and what anguish it had      
caused me4 ,touched by this vast        
sacrifice1 understanding the extent of  

my love1 ,i saw the ice of his heart    
gradually begin to melt4 ,but as his    
heart warmed to mine1 a secret terror   
took possession of me4 ,tasting all the 
joy of seeing arise in the heart of the 
,count1 sentiments which1 when ,i was   
free ,i could not have heard without    
pride and satisfaction1 ,i trembled at  
the idea of being able to listen to them
 only with crime4 ,soon it was ,i who   
besought the ,count to fly--to leave    
me--to see me no more4 ,strange1        
however1 is the human heart2 the passion
 of ,monte-,leone seemed to feed on my  
opposition4 ,he forgot the past1 he     
could not realize it to have existed4   
,sitting by my side during the long     
days1 beneath the flowery bowers of the 
villa1 the ,count1 as he said1 saw      
through the darkness in which he had    
been enveloped--his eyes recovered their
 vision1 and at last ,i appeared to him1
 for the first time1 the most charming1 
the most adorable of women4 ,never was  
there a more eloquent tenderness than   

his--and to me who lived for him        
alone--whose image was ever before me1  
who had loved him in spite of his       
coldness and indifference1 almost his   
contempt1 to me he used this language of
 entreaty4444 ,yet he did so to a woman 
who loved him4 ,a month passed in this  
cruel contest of love and duty4 ,the    
contest was not equal1 and passion      
triumphed4 ,the ,count had left the     
villa1 but was concealed in the         
vicinity1 and ,i saw him every day      
become more tender and affectionate4    
,one must have suffered as ,i have to   
understand the intoxication of my       
happiness4 ,to be loved by him had never
 seemed possible2 and to possess this   
life-dream1 to read in his looks a      
passion ,i alone had experienced        
hitherto1 was a veil1 thin indeed1 but  
this prevented me from discerning how   
great was my fault4 ,if it did become   
known to me1 ,i loved it2 for in my     
delirium ,i thought that ,i gave to this
 man a heart which belonged to him1 and 

a person of which1 in defiance of his   
rights1 another was possessed4 ,the     
other though1 whom ,i doubly injured by 
this thought1 had given me truly1       
loyally1 and nobly1 his heart1 his rank1
 his name4 ,so completely1 however1 was 
,i led astray1 that ,i censured the     
,duke for this very generosity4         
,sometimes1 however1 my life of love had
 its sorrows4 ,the ,count would be sad1 
and in his moments of melancholy1 forgot
 my presence1 and spoke slightingly on  
the volatility of women and of their    
caprices4 ,i used to look at him with   
surprise1 and seek to discover his      
secret thoughts4 ,one day it was        
revealed to me4  ',when women are       
young1' said he1 'they suffer themselves
 to be led away by brilliant exterior1  
and by that studied gallantry of which  
the ,french make such a display4' ,a few
 words full of venom escaped him        
involuntarily in relation to a rival    
that she whom he had loved preferred to 
him4 ,so shocked was ,i1 that ,i asked  

him1 if ill-humor at his repulse alone  
had led him to my feet4 ,without knowing
 how he had done so1 the ,count saw he  
had wounded me1 and by increased care   
and tenderness lulled a suspicion which 
ultimately was to rise in all its power 
and agony4  ,one day1 we were to        
separate4 ,the ,count was obliged to go 
to ,naples1 where he was impatiently    
waited for4 ,my despair at this         
intelligence was terrible4 ,how could ,i
 leave this sweet happiness which had   
grown around me in two months6 ,it      
seemed above my power and ability4      
,nothing seemed to influence the ,count4
 ,i knew him well1 and was aware that he
 never yielded4 ,i soon ceased to       
contend1 and he left me--not1 however1  
without the tenderest oaths of          
constancy4 ',we will soon meet again1'  
he remarked1 'and in ,paris3 in that    
vast city where mystery is so easy1 and 
where secret love finds an impenetrable 
shelter1 we will reside--you still as   
beautiful1 ,i devoted as ever4'  ,this  

was the end of the manuscript4  ,vain   
promises1 said ,la ,felina1 crushing the
 papers in her hands4 ,i wished to read 
these pages once more4 ,i wrote them    
after he had gone1 and they are the     
history of my fleeting happiness4 ,i    
wished to be satisfied that ,i had been 
happy4 ,i doubt it sometimes1 for during
 the three months the ,count has been   
here1 ,i see him every day resume more  
and more his old coldness to me4        
,formerly1 ,i could reproach myself with
 nothing4 ,i had betrayed no one2 and   
he1 in his disdain1 had violated no     
promise4 ,now1 though1 he has created   
eternal remorse and regret4 ,he has     
revived in my heart a flame which was   
nearly out--yet has nothing but         
indifference and contempt for me4 ,he   
forgets1 though1 how dangerous it is to 
offend an ,italian woman4 ,he has       
forgotten what he read in my letter to  
his friend3 ',had ,i been to the ,count 
but an ordinary woman1 the charms of    
whom would have fixed him for a time1   

but whom he would repudiate as he has   
his other conquests1 ,i would have      
killed him4'   ,,vii4--,,doctor         
,,matheus4  ,at the time we write of1   
there was in la rue ,babylonne1 near the
 faubourg ,saint-,germain1 an old house1
 the owner of which was really to be    
pitied4 ,in consequence of a kind of    
fate which overhung this house1 no room 
had been occupied for many years1 and   
the persons who went thither in search  
of room1 terrified at their sombre air1 
heard1 subsequently1 such stories of    
what had happened within its walls1 took
 good care not to take up their abode   
there1 even if they had given the       
denier--,dieu1 an important matter in   
,paris1 and a kind of bargain between   
the lodger and landlord1 made in the    
presence of the porter1 who is the      
notary1 witness1 and depository of the  
contract4 ,if1 however1 any quiet       
family1 led astray by the retirement of 
the house1 established themselves in it1
 the servants soon heard such stories   

from their neighbors in ,no4 #ae1 that  
they lived in perpetual terror--madame  
grew pale1 and as often as monsieur sang
 louder than usual1 or came in without  
noise1 had nervous attacks4 ,the        
unfortunate lodgers1 menaced by jaundice
 or some other bilious complaint1 in    
consequence of the repeated emotions to 
which they were subjected1 were anxious 
always to go1 even under the penalty of 
indemnifying the landlord4 ,the latter  
saw himself again forced to submit to   
the reign of solitude in the old halls1 
which were gilt and painted  la ,louis  
,,xv41 and saw the mildew and dust again
 rest on the windows and cells1 as soon 
as the fires ceased to burn2 not even   
the presence of a trunk1 belonging to a 
chance sojourner in this desert isle1   
relieved the landlord from apprehensions
 of the recurrence of his old calamity4 
,the ,crusoe of this desert island had  
declared that he had rather pay the     
lodging three1 six1 or nine-fold1 than  
live in such proximity with the         

miserable ideas which the house         
suggested4 ,true1 the ,crusoe was an    
,englishman1 predisposed to the spleen1 
and the sadness of his abode would soon 
have led him to augment by a new scene  
the dramas which had already happened in
 this house4 ,the landlord1 afraid that 
he would do so1 hurried to conclude     
matters as soon as possible with the    
islander4  ,the following was the reason
 of the bad repute of ,no4 #ac3       ,a
 man had hung himself there for love4   
,this was a horrid story1      but it   
was not the whole drama4 ,three years   
after1 two very old      men1 who were  
very rich1 and said to be retired       
merchants1 were      found stifled      
beneath their mattress1 and the criminal
 was      never found out4 ,the people  
of the quartier1 however1 knew all      
about it1 and said who was the murderer4
 ,they maintained it was      the old   
suicide1 the shadow of whom was ill at  
ease1 and had a      mortal aversion to 
any one who disagreed with him about a  

suitable and pleasant residence4  ,yet  
for some time ,no4 #ac had looked like  
all the other houses in the vicinity4   
,people went in and came out1 just as if
 it had been the domicile of no ghost4  
,the knocker on the door was often      
heard1 and when the porter opened his   
door1 a little flower-garden was seen1  
with various horticultural treasures1   
expanding beneath the spring sun4  ,at  
length a lodger was found1 a very       
godsend to ,no4 #ac1 whose lofty reason 
was superior to all the fables told of  
the house1 and1 by his presence defended
 it from the calumny which had been     
circulated about it2 not by words but   
deeds1 for he lived there1 and was      
neither hung nor stifled1 like the old  
merchants1 who had several very evil    
disposed nephews1 and who1 to say the   
least1 assisted the man that was hung in
 procuring the rich inheritance for     
them4 ,this house had a large           
ground-floor1 and many handsome rooms on
 the first story4 ,the second story was 

very expensive1 having previously been  
the studio of a painter1 but which had  
been appropriated by the new lodger to  
an object which we will describe by and 
by4 ,we will not attempt a description  
of this new lodger1 but will introduce  
to our readers one more competent to do 
it4 ,this person is ,mlle4 ,celestine   
,crepineau1 an old maid between         
thirty-seven and forty-nine years of    
age4 ,she was tall and thin1 and had all
 her life rejoiced at this1 for she had 
a form three fingers in diameter4 ,true1
 a broomstick can be grasped between the
 thumb and index finger1 and yet is not 
very graceful4 ,let not any one think1  
though1 in spite of this infantine      
vanity1 that ,mlle4 ,crepineau was of   
those virgins whom the ,bible condemns  
as foolish about their beauty4 ,she was 
a prudent honest-minded girl1 the heart 
of whom if it ever spoke1 did so in such
 low terms1 that no one ever heard it4  
,mademoiselle ,celestine's virtue was a 
proverb4 ,mothers in all that part of   

the town spoke of her as a model of     
prudence1 and fathers pointed her out to
 their sons as a warning against the    
passions of youth4 ,without father or   
mother1 from her very childhood ,mlle4  
,crepeneau had no protector but her     
god-father1 an old lawyer1 who owned    
,no4 #ac of ,babylonne-street4 ,the     
worthy lawyer had provided for the youth
 of ,mlle4 ,celestine1 and had long     
intrusted her with the control of his   
kitchen3 discovering1 however1 how      
little talent his god-daughter had for  
the art of ,cussy and ,brillot-,savarin1
 and wishing to provide an honorable and
 comfortable home for her1 he removed   
her from the charge of her personal to  
that of his real property4 ,we will see 
how fully ,mlle4 ,celestine justified   
the esteem of her god-father3 with what 
martial courage she took possession of  
this kingdom of shadows2 and how1 after 
sprinkling the whole house with holy    
water and hung a bough of a blessed     
tree1 she had declared that this asylum1

 thus purified1 henceforth would be     
unapproachable to the man who had been  
hung4  ,the fact is1 for three years1   
neither the suicide nor any one else had
 violated this sanctuary of virtue4 ,but
 ,mlle4 ,celestine was not only a       
virtuous and sensible woman1 but a woman
 of eloquence4 ,nothing could be more   
attractive than the harangues she made  
use of to induce lodgers to occupy her  
rooms4 ,honey flowed from her mouth1 and
 many persons were led away by the      
siren's song4 ,but generally they soon  
became terrified and fled from the      
terrors which besieged them4 ,mlle4     
,celestine ,crepeneau therefore could   
not praise her new lodger too highly4   
,what a charming man1 said she to her   
neighbors in #aa and #ea1 the porters of
 which looked on her as an oracle4      
,doctor ,matheus is an angel1 pure as   
those of ,paradise4 ,god forgive me for 
saying so1 for ,i think he is handsomer 
than they1 with his magnificent whiskers
 and moustache4 ,i do not see why angels

 do not wear them6 ,i am sure they are  
very becoming4 ,besides1 he is so kind  
to other people4 ,only the other day he 
wished to set ,tamburin's leg1 which    
some ,jacobin had broken4 ,in ,mlle4    
,crepeneau's mind1 a ,jacobin was       
capable of any thing4 ,and what a       
magnificent room he has6 how beautiful3 
all full of noble skeletons1 ,jacobins' 
heads1 and books enough to fill all the 
,place ,louis ,,xv4 ,he has also a fine 
practice1 and patients of every kind    
coming on horseback1 in carriages1 on   
foot1 and in wooden shoes4 ,he refuses  
no one1 and cures every body--even      
,tamburin4 ,the poor animal is very fond
 of him1 never barking when he passes1  
but wagging his tail as if he knew his  
physician4 ,i alone attend to ,doctor   
,matheus1 continued ,mlle4 ,crepeneau1  
and ,i flatter myself he is well waited 
on4 ,he has a great deal of trouble1    
too1 especially on his consultation     
days4 ,one would think then all ,paris  
met at his house4 ,he is a brave man1   

and is not afraid of ghosts6 ,yet he    
said the other day1 ',i have killed so  
many people that one more would run me  
mad4'  ,yet while ,mlle4 ,crepineau was 
thus prodigal of her praises1 in front  
of ,no4 #ac1 her lodger1 as she called  
him1 was in the third story of the      
house1 and was shut up in his room      
engaged in the strangest manner4 ,the   
studio had preserved nothing of its     
original destination but its name4      
,instead of pictures1 plaster casts1    
statuettes1 and manikins1 the table was 
covered with manuscripts1 books1        
pamphlets1 and loose papers2 on this    
battle-field1 where science1 art and    
politics seemed to contend together1    
stood a noble ,japan vase from which    
arose a noble bouquet of white          
camelias--above this hung the portrait  
of a protestant preacher4  ,doctor      
,matheus1 as ,mlle4 ,celestine had said1
 was young and handsome4 ,he had        
luxuriant fair hair1 hanging in clusters
 around his face and falling on his     

shoulders1 so as to give a seraphic air 
to his face1 very well calculated to    
touch the heart of pious ,celestine4 ,in
 his mild blue eyes1 however1 there was 
an expression of will1 decision and     
daring which strangely contrasted with  
the rest of his face4 ,the ,doctor was  
tall and elegantly formed1 and wore at  
home the costume yet popular at         
,leipsig1 ,gottingen and ,heidelberg1 a 
doublet of velvet and a kind of cap     
surmounted by a plume4 ,he had          
suppressed the plume4 ,this is exactly  
the costume of ,karl de ,moor in        
,schiller's robber2 and in #ahdg we saw 
the pupils of those venerable           
universities strolling through the      
streets of the ,german capitals in this 
very theatrical costume1 precisely that 
of ,wilhelm ,meister's actors when they 
met ,mignon on the ,ingolstadt road just
 after their unfortunate representation 
of ,hamlet4 ,the ,doctor1 we have said1 
was strangely engaged4 ,he leaned over a
 vast chart of ,europe1 extended before 

him like a body waiting for the knife of
 the anatomist4 ,his eyes were expanded1
 his brow flushed1 and from time to time
 he stuck black pins into this chart1   
and whenever he did so consulted the    
manuscripts which he held in his hand4  
,when he had inserted the last pin1 he  
arose1 and with a cry of joy looked     
around like a conqueror2 as great men   
are wont to survey their fields of      
triumphs4 ,europe is ours1 said he1 and 
the world is ,europe's4 ,the vaccine of 
,carbonarism has taken1 and courses from
 vein to vein1 to the very noblest      
portion of the social body4 ,it has     
reached and taken possession of the     
heart4 ,the old man is dead and a new   
being is about to be born4 ,better      
still1 ,lazarus1 regenerated1 is about  
to burst from the tomb4  ,afraid to     
yield to a false hope1 trembling lest he
 should be deceived in his calculations1
 the ,doctor leaned again over his      
chart1 and began to compute the black   
pins which1 like a mourning cloak1      

covered the map of ,europe4 ,and indeed 
the terrible monster he had named was a 
pall thrown over the happiness of the   
people of the world4 ,the idealists and 
ambitious men who sought to extend it   
were the murderers of all prosperity4 ,a
 ,gothic clock which leaned against the 
wall struck eleven4 ,the features of the
 ,doctor at once changed their          
expression1 and infinite grief replaced 
the enthusiasm which pervaded them4 ,he 
hurried to a low window of his cabinet1 
and pushing aside the curtain1 looked   
anxiously into a garden which was behind
 the house he dwelt in1 and from which  
he was separated only by the parterre of
 which we have spoken before4 ,this     
garden belonged to a magnificent hotel  
in the street of ,verennes4 ,a large    
portal decked with flower vases led to  
rooms on the ground-floor4 ,this door   
was just then opened and a beautiful    
girl hurried past1 when the ,doctor went
 to the window of his cabinet4 ,the     
young girl walked down an alley well    

lighted2 she seemed to seek for the     
generous heat of the sun1 and turned    
toward it like a true ,heliotrope4 ,she 
seemed to take no care of her           
complexion1 for her head was scarcely   
covered by a straw-hat which could not  
avert the heat4 ,a thin dress of        
embroidered muslin with short sleeves   
displayed her arms1 and a blue sash     
surrounded her thin and delicate form4  
,she gathered a few flowers1 and cut    
away a few bad branches of the          
rose-trees with an elegant ,english     
pruning-knife4 ,then after having passed
 two or three times up and down the     
alley in front of the portal1 she put   
her hand to her brow as if to make a    
visor to shield her eyes from the       
burning rays of the sun4 ,just in front 
of her was the window--the curtain of   
which ,doctor ,matheus had drawn aside1 
and there he stood more beautiful and   
radiant than ever4 ,the young girl      
blushed slightly and looked hastily     
away1 for the sun probably appeared too 

bright just then4 ,the ,doctor seemed   
fascinated by what he had seen1 and we  
cannot say how long his ecstasy         
continued4 ,at last a well-known voice  
exclaimed on the other side of the door1
 which was closed even to ,mlle4        
,celestine ,crepineau1 ,doctor--you are 
wanted in the parlor4 ,a gentleman--a   
patient4 ,he has given me his card to   
bring you4  ,very well1 said the        
,doctor1 ,i am coming4  ,but1 sir1 if   
you will open the door ,i will give you 
his card4  ,keep it1 said the ,doctor1  
as ,i am coming down and do not need it4
  ,yet1 said the inquisitive            
porteress4--,monsieur may wish to know  
the name in advance4  ,i do not1 said   
the ,doctor1 and hope ,mlle4 ,crepineau 
that you will go away4  ,my ,god6 said  
,mlle4 ,celestine1 terrified at the     
,doctor's manner4 ,what is the matter   
with my new lodger8 ,why will he not let
 me enter his cabinet8 ,perhaps though  
he is cutting up some human body1 and   
has respect for my sex4  ,the ,doctor   

left his room1 and locked the door      
carefully2 putting the key in his       
pocket1 he went down4 ,when he entered  
the room he was amazed to see who was   
waiting for him4  ,the ,duke d',harcourt
 here6 said he1 bowing respectfully to  
his visitor4  ,the ,duke said1 ,my visit
 should not surprise you1 for ,i came1  
after all1 only to thank you for your   
services to my dear ,marie4  ,duke1 said
 ,doctor ,matheus1 your benevolent      
reception1 when ,i had the honor to be  
presented to you1 has converted a duty  
into a pleasure4 ,the natural interest1 
added he1 with profound emotion1 with   
which your daughter inspires all who see
 her1 would make me most proud of her   
cure4  ,doctor1 said the ,duke1 looking 
most earnestly at the physician1 you    
inspire me with a confidence ,i have had
 in none of your brethren4 ,your reply1 
therefore1 to my question1 ,i shall look
 on as a sentence4 ,do not fear to be   
frank1 ,doctor1 for ,i am prepared for  
every misfortune2 already crushed by my 

sufferings1 my heart looks forward to no
 earthly happiness4 ,the lives of my two
 surviving children are the objects of  
my own life1 but uncertainty is too much
 for me4 ,reply therefore1 ,i beg you1  
sincerely to me whether the life of my  
child is in danger4  ,duke1 said ,doctor
 ,matheus1 the hand of ,god is more     
powerful than that of science4--,,he    
often strikes down the strong1 and      
preserves the weak1 so that none here   
can tell when to expect his blows4 ,i   
can1 however1 assure you on my honor1   
that your daughter1 delicate as she is1 
at this time has not even a germ of the 
terrible malady which has ravaged your  
hearth4 ,this germ is always in the     
blood of members of the same family4    
,art establishes this1 though it can    
provide no remedy4--,this secret enemy1 
however1 said the physician1 with a kind
 of pride1 before which all known       
remedies are powerless1 ,i can perhaps  
oppose and conquer4  ,tell me1 ,doctor1 
tell me6 said the ,duke1 clasping the   

,doctor's hands1 save my child1 grant   
her life1 and my fortune is yours4      
,duke1 said ,matheus1 if ,i had the     
honor of a better acquaintance with you1
 ,i would not listen to such language as
 you have used4--,gold has little value 
in my eyes1 and reputation no more1 for 
,i do not place my hopes for the future 
in my profession4 ,since1 however1 study
 has revealed to me the art of assisting
 those who suffer1 and of saving those  
who are in danger1 ,i would esteem it a 
crime not to do so2 and ,i promise this 
art shall be employed in the cure of    
,mlle4 d',harcourt4  ,and1 said the     
,duke1 will this be a secret to me8     
,no1 ,duke2 ,i will use it in your      
presence4 ,i will also own that ,i have 
already made use of it1 though but      
slightly1 in the case of ,mlle4         
d',harcourt2 what ,i have done1         
satisfies me that ,i may hope to see her
 completely restored4  ,it is true2 said
 the ,duke4 ,the interview and the      
simple remedies you prescribed1 have    

sufficed to soothe the sufferings of my 
daughter4 ,ah6 ,monsieur1 added he1     
clasping the ,doctor's hand kindly1 how 
can ,i discharge my obligations towards 
you8  ,by granting me a boon1 invaluable
 to me1 and which all ,paris will envy1 
and of which ,i know you are prodigal   
indeed1 your esteem--the respect of the 
,duke d',harcourt--the most honorable   
and virtuous of men4 ,you see1          
,monsieur1 ,i place a great value on my 
consultations2 and few persons have     
received so noble a recompense from you4
  ,doctor1 said the ,duke d',harcourt1  
with a smile1 in that case you are      
already paid2 for ,i know all that you  
do in ,paris1 and especially in this    
neighborhood4 ,i know that want meets   
here with a better reception than       
opulence1 and that you look on all      
sufferers as having an equal claim on   
your attention4 ,you must be aware1 that
 knowing this ,i have already given you 
all you ask4  ,well1 then1 said the     
,doctor1 let me continue to have your   

respect1 and we shall be equal4  ,just  
then ,mlle4 ,celestine ,crepineau       
knocked at the door4  ,come in1 said    
,doctor ,matheus4  ,sir1 there are in   
the reception-room an ,english ,milord1 
and two miserable creatures waiting to  
see you4  ,who are the latter8  ,one is 
an ,auvergnat1 very badly dressed1 with 
a bandage over his eye1 who has already 
been here once or twice4  ,doctor       
,matheus seemed annoyed1 and turned away
 lest the ,duke should observe it4  ,the
 other is a peasant from the environs1  
who has a handkerchief over his face as 
if he enjoyed a fluxion4  ,i will go1   
said the ,duke1 for your visitors are   
impatient1 and sorrow should not wait4  
,i will give place to ,milord4          
,mademoiselle1 said the ,doctor1 show in
 the poor wretches4  ,very well1 said   
the ,duke1 the poor before the rich1 ,i 
expected that4 ,bowing kindly to the    
,doctor1 the old nobleman left4  ,as he 
passed through the reception room1 he   
saw the ,doctor's visitors1 each of whom

 looked towards him4 ,the ,milord rushed
 towards a window1 which luckily was    
closed4 ,the other two were introduced  
to the ,doctor's room4 ,no sooner were  
they there1 than the one threw off his  
handkerchief1 and the ,auvergnat his    
bandage4 ,the ,doctor gave them his hand
 and exclaimed1 ,,monte-,,leone6        
,taddeo4  ,and here1 too1 am ,i1 said   
the ,milord1 entering the room and      
throwing aside his red wig and burning  
whiskers4  ,d',harcourt1 too--said the  
,doctor1 hurrying to meet the new       
comer--and then closing the curtains1   
,here we all are1 said he4  ,yes1 dear  
,von ,apsbury1 said the ,count1         
embracing him4 ,the ,pulcinelli of the  
,etruscan villa are again united4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,dr4 ,franklin's father had seventeen   
children4 ,he was the fifteenth4 ,he    
says in his autobiography1 that his     
father died at the age of eighty-nine1  
and his mother at the age of            
eighty-five1 and that neither were ever 

known to have any sickness except that  
of which they died4  ,,footnotes3  ,h   
,entered according to ,act of ,congress1
 in the year #ahej1 by ,stringer        
,townsend1 in the ,clerk's ,office of   
the ,district ,court of the ,united     
,states for the ,southern ,district of  
,new-,york4     ,from ,fraser's         
,magazine4  ,,life ,,at ,a ,,watering   
,,place4  ,,the ,,dog ,,of ,,alcibiades4
  ,,by ,c4 ,,astor ,,bristed4   ,we left
 ,tom ,edwards mysteriously swallowed   
up1 like a stage ghost down a trap-door4
 ,and do you know1 reader1 ,i am very   
near leaving him so for good and all1   
and suspending these sketches           
indefinitely1--yea1 even to the time of 
the ,mississippi dividends1 or any other
 period beyond the ,greek ,calends that 
your imagination can conjure up4 ,for   
the wise men--and the wise women1       
too--of ,gotham are wroth with me1 and  
one says that ,i am writing on purpose  
to libel this man or puff that woman1   
and another charges me with sketching my

 own life in ,fraser1 for               
self-glorification1 and a third holds up
 the last number of ,pendennis at me and
 says1 ,if you could write like that1   
there would be some excuse for you1 but 
you won't as long as you live4 ,alas1   
no6 said ,i1 and was just going to burn 
my unfinished papers1 and vow that ,i   
would never again turn aside from my old
 craft of reviewing4 ,but then came     
reflection in the shape of a bottle of  
true ,dutch courage--genuine            
,knickerbocker ,madeira--and said1 ,why 
should you be responsible for           
resemblances you never meant1 if people 
will insist on finding them8 ,consider  
how prone readers1 and still more       
hearers who take their reading at       
second-hand1 are to suppose that the    
author1 be he great or small1 must have 
represented himself in some one of his  
personages4 ,true enough1 ,mr4 ,bottle2 
for instance1 any one of our            
fashionables will tell you that our     
spirituel and accomplished friend 7as   

,slingsby calls him71 ,m4 ,le ,vicomte  
,vincent ,le ,roi1 is the hero of his   
thrilling romance1 ,le ,chevalier       
,bazalion--why they should1 or what     
possible resemblance they can find      
between the real man in ,new-,york1 and 
the ideal one in the novel1 it passeth  
my poor understanding to discover4      
,bazalion is a stalwart six-footer1 who 
goes about knocking people's brains out1
 scaling inaccessible precipices1       
defending castles single-handed against 
a regiment or two1 and1 by way of       
relaxation after this hard work1        
victimizing all the fair dames and      
blooming damsels that come in his       
way--breaking the hearts of all the     
women when he has broken the heads of   
all the men4 ,le ,roi is a nice         
gentlemanly man1 of the ordinary size1  
who sings prettily and talks well1 and  
makes himself generally agreeable1 and  
not at all dangerous in society--much   
the more ,christian and laudable        
occupation1 it seems to me4 ,if ever he 

does bore you1 it is with his long      
stories1 not with a long pike as        
,bazalion used to do4 ,be the absurdity1
 then1 on the head of him who makes it2 
,qui vult decipi decipiatur3 if any one 
chooses to think that ,i am bodied forth
 under the character of ,harry ,benson1 
and am1 in consequence1 a handsome young
 man1 who can do a little of every thing
 instead of----but never mind what2 your
 actor has not yet sufficient standing  
to come down before the footlights1 and 
have his little bit of private chaff    
with the audience4 ,only this will ,i   
say1 so help me ,n4 ,p4 ,willis1 ,i mean
 to go on with these sketches till they 
are finished1 provided always that      
,fraser will take them so long and that 
you continue to read them1 or fall into 
a sweet and soothing slumber over them1 
as the case may be4 ,for if we are all  
to shut up shop until we can write as   
well as ,mr4 ,titmarsh1 there will be   
too extensive a bankruptcy of literary  
establishments4  ,before ,ashburner     

could form any conjecture to account for
 the evanishment of ,edwards--indeed    
before he could altogether realize it to
 himself--the little man's head         
reappeared above the ground1 though     
there were no signs of his horse2 and at
 the same time ,benson began to ride    
round the scene of the catastrophe1 at  
an easy canter1 laughing immoderately4  
,the ,englishman shook up his brute into
 the best gallop he could get out of    
him1 and a few more strides brought him 
near enough to see the true state of    
things4 ,there was a marsh at no great  
distance1 which rendered the grass in   
the immediate vicinity moist and sloppy1
 and just in this particular spot the   
action of the water had caved away a    
hole precisely large enough to receive a
 horse and rider--it could hardly have  
made a more accurate grave had they been
 measured for it--and so marked by a    
slight elevation in front1 that it was  
ten to one any person riding over the   
ground at such a rate1 and unacquainted 

with the position of this trap1 but must
 fall headlong into it1 as ,edwards had 
done4 ,there was some reason to suspect 
that our friend ,harry1 who was an      
habitual rider1 and knew all the        
environs of ,oldport pretty well1 and   
was fonder of short cuts and going over 
grass than most ,american horsemen are1 
had not been altogether ignorant of the 
existence of the pitfall2 it looked very
 much as if he had led ,edwards1 who was
 no particular friend of his1 purposely 
into it3 but if such was the case1 he   
kept his own counsel4 ,when the fallen  
man and mare had scrambled out of the   
hole1 which they did before ,benson had 
offered to help them1 or ,ashburner had 
time to be of any assistance1 it        
appeared that she had sprained her off  
foreankle1 and he his nigh wrist4 ,but  
they were close to the main road2 by    
good luck a boy was found to conduct the
 animal home1 and by a still greater    
piece of good luck the ,robinsons'      
carriage happened to be coming along    

just then1 so the little man1 who did   
not take up much room1 was popped into  
it1 and as much pitied and mourned over 
by the lady occupants as was pre        
,guilleri in the ,french song4 ,and1 to 
do him justice1 even without this       
consolation1 he had taken his mishap    
very quietly from the first1 as soon as 
he found himself not injured in any     
vital1 i4 e4 dancing part4  ,having     
finished their road at a more leisurely 
pace1 our two horsemen arrived at the   
glen after most of the company were     
assembled there4 ,and as the place was  
one of general resort1 they noticed     
traces of other parties1 people of the  
,simpson class1 hail-fellow-well-met    
men1 who didn't dance but took it out in
 drinking1 and who in their intercourse 
with the other sex1 betrayed more vulgar
 familiarity and less refined indecency 
than characterized the men and boys of  
,white1 ,edwards1 ,robinson1 and ,co4's 
set4 ,but of these it may be supposed   
that the set took no heed4 ,there was   

some really pretty scenery about the    
glen1 but they took no heed of that     
either--to be sure1 most of them had    
seen it at least once before4 ,they had 
gone straight to the largest parlor of  
the house1 and led1 as usual1 by the    
indefatigable ,edwards1 had begun their 
tricks with the chairs4 ,booted and     
spurred as he was1 and with his arm in a
 sling1 the ever-ready youth had already
 arranged the ,german cotillion1 taking 
the head himself1 and constituting      
,sumner his second in command4 ,benson  
was left out of this dance for coming   
too late1 one of the ladies told him2   
but he did not find the punishment very 
severe1 as he rather preferred walking  
with ,ashburner1 and showing him the    
adjacent woods4 ,as they passed out     
through several specimens of the        
,simpson species1 who were smoking and  
lounging around the door1 ,ashburner    
nearly ran over a very pretty young     
woman who was coming up the steps4 ,she 
was rather rustically1 but not          

unbecomingly dressed1 and altogether so 
fresh and rosy that it was a treat to   
see her after the fine town ladies1 even
 the youngest of whom were beginning to 
look faded and jaded from the           
dissipation of the season4 ,but when she
 opened her mouth in reply to ,benson's 
affable salutation1 it was like the girl
 in the fairy tale dropping toads and   
adders1 so nasal1 harsh1 and            
inharmonious was the tone in which she  
spoke4  ,that's ,mrs4 ,simpson1 said    
,harry1 as they went on1 the ,bird's    
wife4 ,pretty little woman3 what a pity 
she has that vulgar accent6 ,she belongs
 to ,new ,england originally2 one finds 
many such girls here1 every way charming
 until they begin to talk4 ,but ,i      
suppose you saw no difference between   
her and any of us4 ,in your ears we all 
speak with a barbarous accent--at least 
you feel bound to think so4  ,what do   
you think yourself8 ,you have known a   
good many of my countrymen1 and heard   
them talk1 and are able to make the     

comparison4 ,do you1 or do you not1 find
 a difference8  ,to say the truth1 ,i   
do2 it is a thing ,i never think        
seriously of denying1 for it seems to me
 neither singular nor to be ashamed of4 
,you can tell an ,irishman from a       
,londoner by his accent2 so you can a   
,scotchman2 or a ,yorkshireman for that 
matter3 why should you not be able to   
tell an ,american8 ,the error of your   
countrymen consists in attributing to   
all our people the nasal twang1 which is
 almost peculiar to one section of the  
country4 ,if ,i were asked the peculiar 
characteristic of a ,new-,yorker's      
speech1 ,i should say monotone4 ,notice 
any one of our young men--you will find 
his conversational voice pitched in the 
same key4 ,sumner goes on at the same   
uniform growl1 ,edwards in an unvaried  
buzz4 ,when ,i first landed in ,england1
 ,i was struck with the much greater    
variety of tone one hears in ordinary   
conversation4 ,your women1 especially1  
seemed to me always just going to sing4 

,and ,i fancied the address of the men  
affected--just as1 very likely1 this    
monotone of ours seems affected to you4 
,what ,i remark most is a hardness and  
dryness of voice1 as if the extremes of 
climate here had an injurious effect on 
the vocal organs4  ,perhaps they do2 and
 yet ,i think you will find a better    
average of singers1 male and female1 in 
our society than in yours1              
notwithstanding our fashionables are so 
engrossed by dancing4 ,holla6 here's    
,harrison4 ,how are you1 old fellow8 and
 how are the ,texas ,inconvertibles8    
,it was indeed the broker1 wandering    
moodily alone4 ,what had he in common   
with the rest of the company--the fops  
and flirts1 the dancing men and dancing 
women8 ,the males all snubbed and       
despised him1 from tall ,white down to  
little ,robinson2 the women were hardly 
conscious of his existence4 ,he knew1   
too1 that he could thrash any man there 
in a fair stand-up fight1 or buy out any
 three of them1 ay1 or talk any of them 

down in the society of sensible and     
learned people2 and this very           
consciousness of superiority only served
 to embitter his position the more4     
,there were other sets1 doubtless1 who  
would have welcomed him gladly1 but     
either they were not sufficiently to his
 taste to attract him1 or he was in no  
mood to receive consolation from their  
sympathy4 ,so he had wandered alone1    
untouched by the charming scenery about 
him--a man whom nobody cared for2 and   
when ,benson addressed him genially1 and
 in an exuberance of spirits threw his  
arm over the other's neck as they walked
 side by side1 the broker's heart seemed
 to expand towards the man who had shown
 him even this slight profession of     
kindness1 his intelligent eyes lighted  
up1 and he began to talk out cheerfully 
and unassumingly all that was in him4   
,harrison's own narrative of his        
personal prowess1 as well as the        
qualified panegyric pronounced upon him 
by ,benson1 had led ,ashburner to expect

 to find in him a manly person with some
 turn for athletic sports and good      
living1 but no particular intellectual  
endowments beyond such as his business  
demanded4 ,he was1 therefore1 not a     
little astonished at 7inasmuch as he was
 altogether unprepared for7 the variety 
of knowledge and the extent of mental   
cultivation which the broker displayed  
as their conversation went on4 ,they    
talked of the hills and valleys1 and    
ravines and water-courses around them1  
and ,harrison compared this place with  
others in a way that showed a ready     
observer of the beauties of nature4     
,they talked of ,italy1 and ,harrison   
had at his fingers' ends the principal  
palaces in every city1 and the best     
pictures in every palace4 ,they talked  
of ,greece1 and ,harrison quoted ,plato4
 ,they talked of ,england and ,france1  
and ,harrison displayed a familiar      
acquaintance1 not merely with the       
statistics of the two countries1 but    
also with the habits and characteristics

 of their people4 ,finally1 they talked 
on the puzzling topic of ,american      
society--puzzling in its transition     
state and its singular contrasts--and1  
whether the broker's views were correct 
or not1 they were any thing but         
commonplace or conventional4  ,our      
fashionable society has been all a      
mistake hitherto1 said ,harry           
7,ashburner could not well make out     
whether there was a spice of irony in   
his observation72 ,mrs4 ,benson and some
 others are going to reform it          
indifferently4 ,the women thus far have 
been lost sight of after marriage1 and  
have left the field to the young girls4 
,now they are beginning to wake up to   
their rights and privileges4  ,they will
 not remedy any of the present evils in 
that way1 answered ,harrison1 apparently
 addressing himself to ,ashburner1 but  
he seemed to be talking at ,benson and  
through him at ,benson's wife1 or his   
own1 or both of them4 ,our theory and   
practice was that a young girl should   

enjoy herself in all freedom2 that her  
age and condition were those of pleasure
 and frolic--of dissipation1 if you     
will--that after her marriage she1      
comparatively speaking1 retired from the
 world1 not through any conventional    
rule or imaginary standard of propriety1
 but of her own free will1 and in the   
natural course of things2 because the   
cares of maternity and her household    
gave her sufficient employment at home4 
,a woman who takes a proper interest in 
her family gives them the first place in
 her thoughts1 and is always ready to   
talk about them4 ,now these domestic    
details are the greatest possible bore  
to a mere fashionable casual            
drawing-room acquaintance4 ,hence you   
see that the ,french1 whose chief aim is
 to talk well in a drawing-room or an   
opera box1 utterly detest and           
unmercifully ridicule every thing       
connected with domesticity or home life4
 ,on the other hand1 if a married woman 
never talks of these things or lets you 

think of them1 she does not take a      
proper interest in her family4 ,no1 the 
fault of youth is with the other sex4   
,there are too few men about1 and too   
many boys4 ,and the more married belles 
there are the more will the boys be     
encouraged4 ,for your married belles    
like to have men about them younger than
 themselves--it makes them appear       
younger1 or at least they think so2 and 
besides1 such youths are more easily    
managed and more subservient4 ,but1     
still worse1 the more these boys usurp  
the place of men in society1 the more   
boyish and retrograde will the few men  
become who continue to divide the honors
 of society with them4 ,when ,plato     
enumerated among the signs of a republic
 in the last stage of decadence1 that   
the youth imitate and rival old men1 and
 the old men let themselves down to a   
level with the youth1 he anticipated    
exactly the state of things that has    
come to pass among us4 ,look at that    
little friend of yours with the         

beard--,i don't mean ,edwards1 but an   
older man about his size4  ,dicky       
,bleecker1 ,i suppose you mean1 growled 
,benson3 he's as much your friend--or   
your wife's--as he is mine4  ,well1 he  
is my contemporary1 ,i may say2 perhaps 
five years at most my junior4 ,what     
perceptible sign of mature age or       
manliness is there about him8 ,in what  
is he superior to or distinguishable    
from young ,snelling1 who but this      
season rejoices in his first white tie  
and first horse1 and in the fruits of   
his first course of dancing lessons8    
,well1 but consider1 said ,benson1 who  
was always ready to take up any side of 
an argument--it was one of the first    
criticisms ,ashburner made on ,american 
conversation1 that the men seemed to    
talk for victory rather than for        
truth--it stands to reason1 that an     
intelligent married woman must be better
 able than a girl to converse with a    
mature man1 and her conversation must   
have more attraction for him4 ,as to our

 boys coming out too soon1 doubtless    
they do1 but that depends not on the    
persons ready to receive them1 but on   
the general social system of the country
 which pushes them into the world so    
early4 ,for instance1 ,i was left my own
 master at twenty-one4 ,so1 too1 with   
the want of proper progress and growth  
in knowledge of the men4 ,it is and must
 be so with the man of fashion every    
where1 for he is not occupied in        
learning things that have a tendency to 
develop or improve his mind1 but the    
contrary4 ,i myself have seen ,frenchmen
 of fifty as easily amused and as eager 
after trifles as boys4  ,frenchmen8     
sneered the other2 yes1 but they are    
boys all their lives1 except in         
innocence4  ,very amusing and pleasant1 
at any rate2 the best people for        
travelling acquaintances that ,i know4  
,exactly--very pleasant to know for a   
little while4 ,i have met with a great  
many ,frenchmen who impressed me        
favorably1 and ,i used to think as you  

say1 what amusing people they were1 but 
,i never had occasion to live with one  
for any length of time without finding  
him a bore and a nuisance4 ,a ,frenchman
 turns himself inside out1 as it were1  
at once4 ,he shows off all that there is
 to show on first acquaintance4 ,you see
 the best of him immediately1 and       
afterwards there is nothing left but    
repetitions of the same things1 and     
eternal dissertations on himself and his
 own affairs4 ,he is like a wide1       
shallow house1 with a splendid front    
externally1 and scanty furniture inside4
  ,very true1 and an ,englishman 7don't 
blush ,ashburner7 is like a suite of    
college-rooms in one of his own         
university towns--a rusty exterior1 a   
dark1 narrow passage along which you    
find your way with difficulty2 and when 
you do get in1 jolly and comfortable    
apartments open suddenly upon you2 and  
as you come to examine them more        
carefully1 you discover all sorts of    
snug1 little1 out-of-the-way closets and

 recesses1 full of old books and old    
wine1 and all things rich and curious4  
,but the entrance is uninviting to a    
casual acquaintance4 ,now1 when you find
 an ,american of the right stamp 7here  
,benson's hands were accidentally       
employed in adjusting his cravat71 he   
hits the proper medium1 and is          
accessible as a ,frenchman and as true  
as an ,englishman4  ,ashburner was going
 to express a doubt as to the           
compatibility of the two qualities1 when
 ,harrison struck in again4  ,on that   
account ,i never could see why          
,frenchmen should be dreaded as         
dangerous in society4 ,they fling out   
all their graces at once1 exhaust all   
their powers of fascination1 and soon   
begin to be tiresome4 ,how many cases ,i
 have seen where a ,frenchman fancied he
 was making glorious headway in a lady's
 affections1 and that she was just ready
 to fall into his arms1 when she was    
only ready to fall asleep in his face1  
and was civil to him only from a great  

sacrifice of inclination to politeness6 
,very pleasant it must be to a lady1    
said ,ashburner1 that a man should be at
 the same time wearying her to death    
with his company1 and perilling her     
reputation out of doors by his language4
  ,by ,jove1 it's dinner time6 exclaimed
 ,benson1 pulling out a microscopic     
,geneva watch4 ,i thought the clock of  
my inner man said as much4 ,and back    
they hurried through the woods to the   
,glen ,house1 but were as late for the  
dinner as they had been for the dance4  
,harrison and ,benson found seats at the
 lower end of the table1 where they     
established themselves together and     
began1  propos of ,edwards's            
misadventure1 to talk horse1 either     
because they had exhausted all other    
subjects1 or because they did not think 
the company worthy a better one4 ,mrs4  
,benson beckoned ,ashburner up to a     
place by her1 but1 somehow1 he found    
himself opposite ,mrs4 ,harrison's eyes1
 and though he could not remember any   

thing she said ten minutes after1 her   
conversation1 or looks1 or both1 had the
 effect of transferring to her all the  
interest he was beginning to feel for   
her husband--of whom1 by the way1 she   
took no more notice than if he had not  
belonged to her4  ,poor ,harrison6 said 
,benson1 as he and ,ashburner were      
walking their horses leisurely homeward 
that evening 7they both had too much    
sense to ride fast after dinner71 he is 
twice thrown away6 ,he might have been a
 literary gentleman and a lover of art1 
living quietly on a respectable fortune2
 but his father would make him go into  
business4 ,he might be a model family   
man1 and at the same time a very        
entertaining member of society2 but his 
wife has snubbed and suppressed him for 
her own exaltation4 ,if1 instead of     
treating him thus1 she would only show  
him a little gratitude as the source of 
all her luxury and magnificence1 her    
dresses and her jewelry1 her carriage   
and horses 7what a pair of iron-grays   

she does drive671 and all her other     
splendors--if she would only be proud of
 him as the great broker--not to speak  
of his varied knowledge1 of which she   
might also well be proud--if she would  
take some little pains to interest      
herself in his pleasures and to bring   
him forward in society--how easily she  
could correct and soften his little     
uncouthnesses of person and dress1 if   
she would take the trouble6 ,why should 
she be ashamed of him8 ,he is older than
 she--how much8 ten years perhaps1 or   
twelve at most4 ,he is not a beauty2 but
 in a man1 ,i should say1 mind1 comes   
before good looks2 and how infinitely   
superior he is in mind and soul to any  
of the frivolous little beaux1 native or
 foreign1 whom she delights to draw     
about her6  ,i fear ,i shall never be   
able to regard ,mr4 ,harrison with as   
much respect as you do4 ,it may be      
ignorance1 but ,i never could see much  
difference between a speculator in      
stocks and a gambler4  ,when a man is in

 his predicament domestically there are 
three things1 to one1 two1 or all of    
which he is pretty sure to take--drink1 
gambling1 and horses4 ,harrison is too  
purely intellectual a man to be led away
 by the vulgar animal temptation of     
liquor1 though he has a good cellar1 and
 sometimes consoles himself with a snug 
bachelor dinner4 ,stock-jobbing is1 as  
you say1 only another sort of gambling1 
and this is his vice3 at the same time  
you will consider that it is his        
business1 to which he was brought up4   
,then1 for absolute relaxation1 he has  
his 'fast crab4' ,put him behind his #b'
 #de stepper and he is happy for an hour
 or two1 and forgets his miseries--that 
is to say1 his wife4  ,but you talk as  
if his marriage was the cause of his    
speculations1 whereas you told me the   
other day that his speculations were the
 indirect cause of his marriage4  ,you  
are right3 ,i believe the beginning of  
that bad habit must be set down to his  
father's account2 but the continuance of

 it is still chargeable on his wife4 ,i 
have heard him say myself that he would 
have retired from business long ago but 
for ,mrs4 ,harrison--that is to say1 he 
had to go on making money to supply her 
extravagance4  ,one fine morning there  
was a great bustle and flurry2 moving of
 trunks1 and paying of bills1 and       
preparations for departure4 ,the        
fashionables were fairly starved out1   
and had gone off in a body4 ,the        
brilliant equipages of ,ludlow and      
,lwenberg1 the superfine millinery of   
the ,robinsons1 the song and story of   
the ,vicomte1 the indefatigable         
revolutions of ,edwards1 were all       
henceforth to be lost to the sojourners 
at ,oldport4 ,mr4 ,grabster heeded not  
this practical protest against the error
 of his ways4 ,he had no difficulty in  
filling the vacant rooms1 for a crowd of
 people from all parts of the ,union    
constantly thronged ,oldport1 attracted 
by its reputation for coolness and      
salubrity2 and he rather preferred      

people from the ,west and ,south1 as    
they knew less about civilized life1 and
 were more easily imposed upon4 ,to be  
sure1 even they would find out in time  
the deficiencies of his establishment1  
and report them at home2 but meanwhile  
he hoped to fill his pockets for two or 
three seasons under cover of ,the       
,sewer's puffs1 and then1 when business 
fell off1 to impose on his landlord with
 some plausible story1 and obtain a     
lowering of his rent4  ,some few--a very
 few--of our set were left4 ,our friend 
,harry stayed1 because the air of the   
place agreed remarkably with the infant 
hope of the ,bensons2 and a few of the  
beaux remained--among them ,sumner1     
,white1 and ,sedley--either out of      
friendship for ,benson1 or retained by  
the attractions of ,mrs4 ,benson1 or    
those of ,mrs4 ,harrison2 for the lionne
 stayed of course1 it being her line to 
do just whatever the exclusives did not 
do4 ,but though ,benson remained1 he was
 not disposed to suffer in silence4 ,all

 this while ,the ,sewer had been filled 
with letters lauding every thing about  
the ,bath ,hotel2 and communications    
equally disinterested1 and couched in   
the same tone1 had found their way into 
some more respectable prints4 ,benson   
undertook the thankless task of         
undeceiving the public4 ,he sat down one
 evening and wrote off a spicy epistle  
to ,the ,blunder and ,bluster1 setting  
forth how things really were at         
,oldport4 ,two days after1 when the     
,new-,york mail arrived1 great was the  
wrath of ,mr4 ,grabster4 ,he called into
 council the old gentleman with the     
melodious daughter1 ,the ,sewer         
reporters1 and some other boarders who  
were in his confidence2 and made        
magnificent1 but rather vague promises1 
of what he would do for the man who     
should discover the daring individual   
who had thus bearded him in his very    
den2 simultaneously he wrote to ,the    
,blunder and ,bluster1 demanding the    
name of the offender4 ,with most        

,american editors such a demand         
7especially if followed up with a good  
dinner or skilfully-applied tip to the  
reporter or correspondent7 would have   
been perfectly successful4 ,but he of   
,the ,blunder and ,bluster was a much   
higher style of man4 ,as ,benson once   
said of him1 he had1 in his capacity of 
the first political journalist in the   
country1 associated so much with        
gentlemen1 that he had learned to be    
something of a gentleman himself4       
,accordingly he replied to ,mr4         
,grabster1 in a note more curt than     
courteous1 that it was impossible to    
comply with his request4 ,so the        
indignant host was obliged to content   
himself for the time with ordering ,the 
,sewer to abuse the incognito4 ,before  
many days1 however1 he obtained the     
desired information through another     
source1 in this wise4  ,oldport had its 
newspaper1 of course4 ,every ,american  
village of more than ten houses has its 
newspaper4 ,mr4 ,cranberry ,fuster1 who 

presided over the destinies of ,the     
,oldport ,daily ,twaddler1 added to this
 honorable and amiable occupation the   
equally honorable and amiable one of    
village attorney4 ,though his paper was 
in every sense a small one1 he felt and 
talked as big as if it had been ,the    
,times1 or ,the ,moniteur1 or ,the      
,blunder and ,bluster4 ,he held the     
,president of the ,united ,states as    
something almost beneath his notice1 and
 was in the habit of lecturing the ,czar
 of ,russia1 the ,emperor of ,austria1  
and other foreign powers1 in true       
,little ,pedlington style4 ,emboldened  
by the impunity which attended these    
assaults1 he undertook to try his hand  
on matters nearer home1 and boldly      
essayed one season to write down the    
polka and redowa as indecent and        
immoral4 ,but here he found1 as         
,alexander1 ,napoleon1 and other great  
men1 had done before him1 that there is 
a limit to all human power4 ,he might   
better have tried to write off the roof 

of the ,bath ,hotel1 which was rather a 
fragile piece of work1 and might have   
been carried away by much less wind than
 usually served to distend the columns  
of ,the ,twaddler4 ,the doughty ,tom    
,edwards snapped his heels1 so to speak1
 in the face of the mighty editor1 and  
the exclusives continued to polk more   
frantically than ever in the teeth of   
his direst fulminations4 ,one practical 
effect1 however1 these home diatribes   
had1 which his luminous sallies on      
foreign affairs altogether failed to    
effect--they put money into his pocket4 
,the next thing ,americans like to      
hearing themselves well praised1 is to  
hear somebody1 even if it be themselves1
 well abused2 and accordingly1 on the   
mornings when ,mr4 ,fuster let out an   
anti-polka article1 the usually small   
circulation of his small sheet was      
multiplied by a very large              
factor--almost every stranger bought a  
copy1 the million to see the abuse of   
the fashionables1 the fashionables to   

see the abuse of themselves4  ,benson1  
in the course of his almost annual      
visits to ,oldport ,springs1 had been   
frequently amused by the antics of this 
formidable gentleman1 and had laudably  
contributed to make them generally      
known4 ,once1 when ,mr4 ,fuster had     
politely denominated the ,austrian      
emperor a scoundrel1 ,harry moved ,the  
,blunder and ,bluster to say1 that it   
was very sorry for that potentate1 who  
would undoubtedly be overwhelmed with   
mortification when he learned that ,the 
,twaddler entertained such an opinion of
 him4 ,whereupon ,fuster1 who was of a  
literal dulness absolutely joke-proof1  
struck off a flaming article on the     
aristocratic sympathies of ,the ,blunder
 and ,bluster1 which1 like a ,british   
,whig and ,federal journal as it was1   
always came to the rescue of tyrants and
 despots1 c4 c4 ,on another             
occasion--the very morning of a ,state  
election--,the ,twaddler had announced1 
with a great flourish1 that before its  

next sheet was issued ,mr4 ,brown would 
be invested with the highest honors that
 the ,state could confer upon him4 ,but 
even ,american editors are not always   
infallible2 ,mr4 ,brown came out sadly  
in the minority1 and the day after ,the 
,blunder and ,bluster had a little      
corner paragraph to this effect3--  ,we 
sincerely regret to see that our amusing
 little contemporary1 ,,the ,,oldport   
,,daily ,,twaddler1 has suspended       
publication4  ,at this ,mr4 ,fuster     
flared up fearfully1 and threatened to  
sue ,the ,blunder and ,bluster for      
libel4  ,now this magniloquent editor1  
who professed to be a great moral       
reformer at home1 and to regulate the   
destinies of nations abroad1 was in     
truth the mere creature and toady of    
,mr4 ,grabster1 the greater part of the 
revenue of his small establishment being
 derived from printing the bills and    
advertisements of the ,bath ,hotel4 ,as 
in duty bound1 therefore1 he set to work
 to abuse the anonymous assailant of    

that atrociously-kept house1 calling him
 a quantity of heterogeneous names1 and 
more than insinuating that he was a     
person who had never been in good       
society1 and did not know what good     
living was1 because he found fault with 
the living at the ,bath ,hotel4 ,the    
leader wound up with a more than ever   
exaggerated eulogy of ,mr4 ,grabster and
 his able and gentlemanly assistants4   
,benson happened to get hold of this    
number of ,the ,twaddler one evening    
when he had nothing to do1 and those    
dangerous implements1 pen1 ink1 and     
paper1 were within his reach4 ,beginning
 to note down the absurdities and non   
sequiturs in ,mr4 ,fuster's article1 he 
found himself writing a very chaffy     
letter to ,the ,twaddler4 ,he had an    
unfortunate talent for correspondence   
had ,benson1 like most of his           
countrymen2 so1 giving the reins to his 
whim1 he finished the epistle1 making it
 very spicy and satirical1 with a       
garnish of similes and classical        

quotations--altogether rather a neat    
piece of work1 only it might have been  
objected to as a waste of cleverness1   
and building a large wheel to break a   
very small bug upon4 ,then he dropped it
 into the post-office himself1 never    
dreaming that ,cranberry would publish  
it1 but merely anticipating the wrath of
 the little-great man on receiving such 
a communication4 ,it chanced1 however1  
not long before1 that ,benson1 in the   
course of some legal proceedings1 had   
been to sign papers1 and take fifty     
cents' worth of affidavit1 as he himself
 phrased it1 before ,mr4 ,fuster in his 
legal capacity4 ,the latter gentleman   
had thus the means of identifying by    
comparison1 the handwriting of the      
pseudonymous letter4 ,in a vast fit of  
indignation1 not unmingled with         
satisfaction1 he brought out next day   
,harry's letter at full length1 to the  
great peril of the ,latin quotations1   
and then followed it up with a rejoinder
 of his own1 in which he endeavored to  

take an attitude of sublime dignity1    
backed up by classical quotations also1 
to show that he understood ,latin as    
well as ,benson4 ,but the attempt was as
 unsuccessful as it was elaborate1 for  
his anger broke through in every other  
sentence1 making the intended smasher an
 extraordinary compound of superfine    
writing and vulgar abuse4  ,when in the 
course of human events 7he began7 it    
becomes necessary for men holding our   
lofty and responsible position to stoop 
to the chastisement of pretentious      
ignorance and imbecility1 we shall not  
be found to shrink from the task4 ,the  
writer of the above letter is ,mr4      
,henry ,benson1 a young man of property1
 and a ,federal ,whig4 ,he insinuates   
that we are very stupid4 ,it's no such  
thing2 we are not stupid a bit1 and we  
mean to show ,mr4 ,b4 as much before we 
have done with him4 ,mr4 ,benson is a   
pompous young aristocrat1 and ,mr4      
,grabster is more of a gentleman than he
 is--and so are we too for that matter4 

,he says the ,bath ,hotel is a badly    
kept house4 ,we say it isn't1 and we    
know a great deal better than he does4  
,we have dined there very often1 and    
found the fare and attendance excellent3
 and so did the ,honorable ,theophilus  
,q4 ,smith1 of ,arkansas1 last summer1  
when he came to enjoy the invigorating  
breezes of this healthful locality4     
,that distinguished and remarkable man  
expressed himself struck with the       
arrangements of the ,bath ,hotel1 which 
left him no cause1 he said1 to regret   
the comforts of his western home4 ,but  
this establishment cannot please the    
fastidious ,mr4 ,benson6 ,o tempora1 ,o 
,moses6 as ,cicero said to ,catiline1   
quousque tandem8  ,and so on for three  
columns4  ,likewise1 ,the ,sewer1 which 
had begun to blackguard ,the ,blunder   
and ,bluster's correspondent while he   
remained under the shelter of his       
pseudonym1 now that his name was known1 
came out with double virulence1 and     
filled half a sheet with filthy abuse of

 ,harry1 including collateral assaults  
on his brother1 grandmother1 and second 
cousins1 and most of the surviving      
members of his wife's family4 ,but as   
,benson never read ,the ,sewer1 this    
part of the attack was an utter waste of
 ,billingsgate so far as he was         
concerned4 ,what did surprise and annoy 
him was to find that ,the               
,inexpressible1 which1 though well-known
 to be a stupid1 was generally          
considered a decent paper1 had taken the
 enemy's side1 and published some very  
impertinent paragraphs about him4       
,afterwards he discovered that he had   
been the victim of a principle4 ,the    
,inexpressible and ,blunder and ,bluster
 had a little private quarrel of their  
own1 and the former felt bound to attack
 every thing in any way connected with  
the latter4  ,nevertheless ,benson was  
not very much distressed even at this   
occurrence1 for a reason which we shall 
now give at length1 and which will at   
the same time explain the propriety of  

the heading we have given to this       
number4 ,while every body was reading   
,the ,sewer and ,the ,twaddler1 and the 
more benevolent were pitying ,harry for 
having started such a nest of editorial 
and other blackguards about his ears1   
and the more curious were wondering     
whether he would leave the hotel and    
resign the field of battle to the enemy1
 our friend really cared very little    
about the matter1 except so far as he   
could use it for a blind to divert      
attention from another affair which he  
had on hand1 and which it was of the    
greatest importance to keep secret1 lest
 it should draw down the interference of
 the local authorities3 in short1 he had
 a defiance to mortal combat impending  
over him1 which dangerous probability he
 had brought upon himself in this wise4 
,among the beaux who remained after the 
,hegira of the fashionables was a ,mr4  
,storey ,hunter1 who had arrived at     
,oldport only just before that great    
event1 for he professed to be a         

traveller and travelling man1 and1 to   
keep up the character never came to a   
place when other people did1 but always 
popped up unexpectedly in the middle1 or
 at the end1 of a season1 as if he had  
just dropped from the moon1 or arrived  
from the antipodes4 ,he had an          
affectation of being foreign--not       
,english1 or ,french1 or ,german1 or    
like any particular ,european nation1   
but foreign in a general sort of way1   
something not ,american2 and always1 on 
whichever side of the ,atlantic he was1 
hailed from some locality2 at one time  
describing himself in hotel books as    
from ,england1 at another as from       
,paris1 at another from ,baden--from    
anywhere1 in short1 except his own      
native village in ,connecticut4 ,in     
accordance with this principle1         
moreover1 he carefully eschewed the     
indigenous habits of dress2 and while   
all the other men appeared at the balls 
in dress coats1 and black or white      
cravats1 he usually displayed a flaming 

scarlet or blue tie1 a short frock coat1
 and yellow or brown trousers4 ,a man   
six feet high1 and nearly as many round1
 is a tolerably conspicuous object in   
most places1 even without any marked    
peculiarities of dress2 and when to this
 it is added1 that ,mr4 ,hunter         
exhibited on his shirt-front and        
watch-chain trinkets enough to stock a  
jeweller's shop1 and that he was always 
redolent of the most fashionable        
perfumes1 it may be supposed that he was
 not likely to escape notice at         
,oldport4 ,his age no one knew exactly2 
some of the old stagers gave him forty  
years and more1 but he was in a state of
 wonderful preservation1 had a          
miraculous dye for his whiskers1 and a  
perpetually fresh color in his cheeks4  
,sedley used to say he rouged1 and that 
you might see the marks of it inside his
 collar2 but this may have been only an 
accident in shaving4 ,he rather         
preferred ,french to ,english in        
conversation2 and with good reason1 for 

when he used the former language1 you   
might suppose 7with your eyes shut7 that
 you were talking to a very refined     
gentleman1 whereas1 so soon as he opened
 his mouth in the vernacular1 the       
provincial ,yankee stood revealed before
 you4 ,as to his other qualities and    
merits1 he appeared to have plenty of   
money1 and was an excellent and         
indefatigable dancer4 ,ashburner1 when  
he saw him spin round morning after     
morning1 and night after night1 till he 
all but melted away himself1 and        
threatened to drown his partner1 thought
 he must have the laudable motive of    
wishing to reduce his bulk1 which1      
however1 continued undiminished4        
,notwithstanding his travels and        
accomplishments1 which1 especially the  
dancing1 were sufficient to give him a  
passport to the best society1 there were
 some who regarded him with very        
unfavorable eyes1 more particularly     
,sumner and ,benson4 ,supposing this to 
be merely another of the frivolous feuds

 that existed in the place1 and among   
our set1 ,ashburner was not over-anxious
 or curious to know the cause of it4    
,nor1 if he had been1 did the parties   
seem disposed to afford him much        
information4 ,benson had1 indeed1       
observed one day1 that that ,storey     
,hunter was the greatest blackguard in  
,oldport1 except ,the ,sewer reporters2 
but as he had already said the same     
thing of half-a-dozen men1 his friend   
was not deterred thereby from making    
,hunter's acquaintance--or rather1 from 
accepting it2 the difficulty at ,oldport
 being1 not to make the acquaintance of 
any man in society4 ,and he found the   
fat dandy1 to all appearance1 an        
innocent and good-natured person1 rather
 childish for his years1 and well       
illustrating ,harrison's assertion1 that
 the men in fashionable life rather     
retrograded than developed from twenty  
to forty2 but in no apparent respect    
formidable1 save for a more than        
,american tendency to gossip4 ,he had   

some story to the prejudice of every    
one1 but seemed to tell all these       
stories just as an enfant terrible      
might1 without fully understanding them1
 or at all heeding the possible         
consequences of repeating them4  ,the   
glory of the balls had departed with    
,edwards and the ,robinsons1 but the    
remaining fashionables kept up their    
amusement with much vigor2 and the      
absence of the others1 though detracting
 much from the brilliancy of the place1 
was in some respects the gain of a loss4
 ,white came out in all his glory now   
that most of the young men were gone4   
,with his graceful figure1 neat dress1  
and ever-ready smile and compliment1 he 
looked the very ideal of the            
well-drilled man of fashion4 ,sumner1   
though he could not have talked less if 
he had been an ,english heavy           
dragoon-officer1 or an ,hungarian       
refugee1 understanding no language but  
his own1 was very useful for a quiet way
 he had of arranging every thing        

beforehand without fuss or delay1 and1  
moreover1 had the peculiar merit        
7difficult to explain1 but which we have
 all observed in some person at some    
period of our lives7 of being good      
company without talking4 ,benson1 with  
less pretence and display than he had   
before exhibited1 showed an energy and  
indefatigableness almost equal to ,le   
,roi's2 whatever he undertook1 he kept  
the pot a-boiling4 ,in short1 the people
 of our set1 who were left1 went on     
among themselves much better than       
before1 because the men's capabilities  
were not limited to dancing1 and the    
women had less temptation to be         
perpetually dressing4 ,besides1 the     
removal of most of the fashionables had 
encouraged the other portions of the    
transient population to come more       
forward1 and exhibit various primitive  
specimens of dancing1 and other traits  
worth observing4 ,one evening there was 
a hop at the ,bellevue4 ,ashburner made 
a point of always looking in at these   

assemblies for an hour or so1 and       
scrutinizing the company with the       
coolness and complacency which an       
,englishman usually assumes in such     
places1 as if all the people there were 
made merely for his amusement4 ,benson1 
who had literally polked the heel off   
one of his boots1 and thereby           
temporarily disabled himself1 was       
lounging about with him1 making         
observations on men1 women1 and things  
generally4  ,you wouldn't think that was
 only a girl of seventeen1 said ,harry1 
as a languishing brunette1 with large1  
liquid black eyes1 and a voluptuous     
figure1 glided by them in the waltz4    
,how soon these ,southerners develope   
into women6 ,they beat the ,italians    
even4  ,i wonder the young lady has time
 to grow1 she dances so much4 ,i have   
watched her two or three evenings1 and  
she has never rested a moment except    
when the music stopped4--,something must
 suffer1 it seems to me4 ,does her mind 
develope uniformly with her person8 ,she

 is a great centre of attraction1 ,i    
observe2 is it only for her beauty and  
dancing8  ,i suppose a beautiful young  
woman1 with fifty or sixty thousand a   
year1 may consider mental               
accomplishments as superfluous4 ,she    
knows1 perhaps1 as much as a ,russian   
woman of five-and-twenty4 ,how much that
 is1 you1 who have been on the          
,continent1 know4  ,ah1 an heiress2     
acres of cotton-fields1 thousands of    
negroes1 and so on4  ,exactly4 ,i put   
the income down at half of what popular 
report makes it2 these southern fortunes
 are so uncertain3 the white part of the
 property 7that is to say1 the cotton7  
varies with the seasons2 and the black  
part takes to itself legs1 and runs off 
occasionally4 ,but1 at any rate1 there  
is quite enough to make her a great     
prize1 and an object of admiration and  
attention to all the little men--not to 
the old hands1 like ,white and ,sumner2 
they are built up in their own conceit1 
and wouldn't marry ,sam ,weller's       

'female marchioness1' unless she made   
love to them first1 like one of         
,knowles's heroines4 ,but the juveniles 
are crazy about her4 ,robinson went off 
more ostentatiously love-sick than a man
 of his size ,i ever saw2 and ,sedley is
 always chanting her praises--the only  
man1 woman1 or child1 he was ever known 
to speak well of4 ,i don't think any of 
them will catch her4 ,edwards might     
dance into her heart1 perhaps1 if he    
were a little bigger2 but as it is1 she 
will1 probably1 make happy and rich some
 one in her own part of the world4 ,she 
says the young men there suit her       
better1 because they are 'more          
gentlemanly' than we ,northerners4  ,i  
have heard many strangers say the same  
thing1 said ,ashburner1 prudently       
refraining from expressing any opinion  
of his own for he knew ,benson's        
anti-southern feelings4  ,if education  
has any thing to do with being a        
gentleman1 then1 whether you take       
education in the highest sense1 as the  

best discipline and expansion of the    
mind by classical and scientific study2 
or in the utilitarian sense1 as the     
acquisition of useful knowledge1 and a  
practical acquaintance with men and     
things2 or in the fine lady sense1 as   
the mastery of airs1 and graces1 and    
drawing-room accomplishments2 or in the 
moralist's sense1 as the curbing of our 
mischievous propensities1 and the       
energizing of our good ones--in every   
case1 we are more of gentlemen than the 
,southerners4 ,if the mere possession of
 wealth1 and progress in the grosser and
 more material arts of civilization1    
have any thing to do with it1 then1 too1
 we are more of gentlemen4 ,their claims
 rest on two grounds3 first1 they live  
on the unpaid labor of others1 while we 
all work1 more or less1 for ourselves1  
holding idleness as disgraceful as they 
do labor2 secondly1 they are all the    
time fighting duels4  ,are there no     
duels ever fought in this part of the   
country8  ,scarcely any since ,burr shot

 ,hamilton4 ,alexander ,hamilton was one
 of our greatest men1 and his death     
excited a feeling throughout the        
,northern ,states which put down the    
practice almost entirely2 and ,i        
certainly think it a step forward in    
real civilization4  ,do you mean to say 
that it is with you as with us1 where1  
if a man becomes so involved in a       
quarrel that he is challenged1 it is    
against him and almost ruin to him      
whether he fights or does not fight8 ,or
 is public opinion decidedly in favor of
 the man who does not fight1 and against
 the man who does8 ,for instance1       
suppose you were challenged yourself8   
,a man can't say beforehand what he     
would do in an emergency of the kind2   
but my impression is that ,i should not 
fight1 and that the opinion of society  
would bear me out4  ,but suppose a man  
insulted your wife or sister8  ,it is   
next door to impossible that an         
,american gentleman should do such a    
thing2 but if he did1 ,i should consider

 that he had reduced himself to the     
level of a snob1 and should treat him as
 ,i would any snob in the               
streets1--knock him down1 if ,i was     
able2 and if ,i wasn't1 take the law of 
him3 and if a man had wronged me        
irreparably1 ,i fancy ,i should do as   
these uncivilized ,southerners          
themselves do in such a case1--shoot him
 down in the street1 wherever ,i could  
catch him4 ,what sense or justice is    
there in a duel8 ,it is as if a man     
stole your coat1 and instead of having  
him put into prison1 you drew lots with 
him whether you or he should go4  ,but  
suppose a man was spreading false       
reports about you2 suppose he said you  
were no gentleman1 or that you had      
cheated somebody8  ,bah6 replied        
,benson1 dexterously evading the most   
important part of the question1 if ,i   
were to fight all the people that spread
 false reports about me1 ,i should have 
my hands full4 ,there is a man in this  
room that slandered me as grossly as he 

could four years ago1 and was very near 
breaking off my marriage4 ,that fat man 
there1 with all the jewelry--,storey    
,hunter4  ,indeed6 exclaimed the other1 
really surprised1 for he had just seen  
,mrs4 ,benson conversing with the       
ponderous exquisite1 apparently on most 
amicable terms4  ,yes1 and it was       
entirely gratuitous4 ,i never gave the  
scamp any provocation4 ,by ,jupiter6    
,benson turned very white and then very 
red1 if he isn't dancing with my wife6  
,his impudence is too much1 and----4 ,i 
believe one of our women would put up   
with any thing from a man here if he can
 only dance well4 ,they have no         
self-respect4  ,benson appeared to have 
very little himself at that moment1 and 
not to care much what he said or did4   
,he trembled all over with rage1 and his
 friend expected to see an immediate    
outbreak2 but1 as if recollecting       
himself1 he suddenly stammered out      
something about the necessity of        
changing his boots1 and limped off      

accordingly for that purpose4 ,he was   
not gone more than five minutes1 but in 
that time had contrived not only to     
supply his pedal deficiency1 but also to
 take a drink by way of calming himself2
 and after the drink he took a turn with
 ,miss ,friskin1 and whirled her about  
the room1 till he knocked over two or   
three innocent bystanders1 all of which 
tended very much to compose his         
feelings4 ,ashburner had a presentiment 
that something would happen1 and stayed 
longer that night than his wont2 indeed1
 till the end of the ball1 which1 as    
there was now no ,german cotillion1     
lasted till only one in the morning4    
,but the universal panacea of the polka 
had its mollifying effect on ,benson1   
and every thing might have passed off   
quietly but for an unlucky accident4    
,some of the young ,southerners had     
ordered up sundry bottles of champagne1 
and were drinking the same in a corner4 
,hunter1 who was much given to toadying 
,southerners 7another reason for        

,benson's dislike of him71 mingled among
 them1 and partook of the inspiring     
beverage4 ,in vino veritas is true as   
gospel1 if you understand it rightly as 
meaning that wine develops a man's real 
nature4 ,hunter1 being by nature gossipy
 and mendacious1 waxed more and more so 
with every glass of ,heidseck he took   
down4 ,ashburner chancing to pass near  
the group1 had his attention arrested by
 hearing ,benson's name4 ,he stopped1   
and listened3 ,hunter was going on with 
a prolix and somewhat confused story of 
some horse that ,benson had sold to     
somebody1 in which transaction ,sumner  
was somehow mixed up1 and the horse     
hadn't turned out well1 and the         
purchaser wasn't satisfied1 and so on4  
,if ,benson hear this6 thought          
,ashburner4  ,and ,benson did hear it   
very promptly1 for ,sedley was within   
ear-shot1 and1 delighted at having a    
piece of mischief to communicate1 he    
tracked ,harry out at the further       
extremity of the room1 to inform him of 

the liberties ,storey ,hunter was taking
 with his name4 ,whereupon the slandered
 one1 with all his wrath reawakened1    
traversed the apartment in time to hear 
the emphatic peroration that1 bad as    
,sumner was1 ,benson was a thousand     
times worse4  ,i can't stand this1      
exclaimed he4 ,where is ,frank ,sumner8 
,sumner was not visible4 ,ashburner1    
will you stand by me if there's a row8  
,by this time the ball was breaking up1 
and ,benson1 on going back to look for  
his party1 found that ,mrs4 ,b41 like a 
true watering-place belle1 had gone off 
without waiting for him4 ,this was      
exactly what he wanted4 ,keeping his eye
 on ,hunter1 he followed him out to the 
head of the staircase1 where he had just
 been bidding good night to some ladies4
 ,no one was in sight but ,ashburner1   
who happened to be standing just outside
 the door-way4 ,the fat man nodded to   
,harry as if they had been the best     
friends in the world4  ,curse his       
impudence6 exclaimed ,benson1 now fairly

 boiling over4 ,holloa1 you ,hunter6 did
 you know you were an infernal          
scoundrel8 ,because you are4  ,what for8
 quoth the individual in question1 half 
sobered and half disconcerted by this   
unceremonious address4  ,and a          
contemptible blackguard1 continued      
,benson1 following up his verbal attack4
  ,you're another1 retorted ,hunter4    
,ashburner wondered if the two men were 
going to stand slanging each other all  
night4  ,i ought to have pulled your    
nose three years ago1 and now take that6
 and ,benson1 who had been working at   
his glove ever since the parley began1  
twitched it off and slapped ,hunter in  
the face with it4  ,when an ,irishman   
sees two people fighting1 or going to   
fight1 his natural impulse is to urge   
them on4 ,a ,scotchman or an ,american  
tries to part them4 ,a ,frenchman runs  
after the armed force4 ,an ,englishman  
does nothing but look quietly on1 unless
 one side meets with foul play4 ,thus it
 was with ,ashburner in the present     

instance4 ,he took ,benson's request to 
stand by him in case of a row1 au pied  
de la lettre4 ,he stood by him1 and that
 was all4  ,as soon as ,hunter felt the 
glove in his face he struck out at      
,benson1 who stopped the blow very      
neatly1 and seemed about to return it   
with a left-hander2 then suddenly       
changing his style of attack1 he rushed 
within the other's guard1 and catching  
him by the throat with both hands1 did  
his best to strangle him4 ,hunter1      
unable to call for help or to loosen the
 throttling grasp of his assailant1     
threw himself bodily upon him4 ,as he   
was about twice ,benson's size and      
weight1 the experiment succeeded4 ,harry
 was thrown off his feet and            
precipitated against the banisters1     
which being of slight material1 gave way
 like so much paper1 and both men       
tumbled over into the landing-place     
below amid a great scattering of        
splinters4 ,lighting on their feet1 they
 began to pummel each other without     

doing more damage than a couple of      
children1 for they were at such close   
quarters and so blinded by rage that    
they hit wild2 but ,benson had caught   
his man by the throat again and was just
 getting him into chancery1 when ,white1
 ,sedley1 and some of the ,southerners1 
attracted by the noise1 ran down stairs1
 calling on the gentlemen to behave as  
such1 and words proving ineffectual1    
endeavoring to pull them apart2 which   
was no easy matter1 for ,benson hung on 
like grim death1 and when his hand was  
removed from ,hunter's collar1 caught   
him again by the nose1 nor would he give
 up till ,mr4 ,simson1 who was one of   
the stoutest and most active men in the 
place1 caught him up from behind and    
fairly carried him off to the hall      
below4 ,then he seemed to come to       
himself all at once1 and recollected    
that he had invited the remains of our  
set to supper that night4 ,and          
accordingly1 after taking a rapid survey
 of himself in a glass1 and finding that

 his face bore no mark of the conflict1 
and that his dress was not more         
disordered than a man's usually is when 
he has been polkaing all the evening1 he
 went off to meet his company1 and a    
very merry time they had of it4         
,ashburner was surprised to find that   
the spectators of the fray were able to 
ignore it so completely4 ,if they had   
been old men and old soldiers1 they     
could not have acted with more          
discretion1 and it was impossible to    
suspect from their conversation or      
manner that any thing unpleasant had    
occurred4 ,these people do know how to  
hold their tongues sometimes1 thought   
he4  ,next morning while strolling about
 before breakfast 7he was the earliest  
riser of the young men in the place1 as 
he did not dance or gamble71 he heard   
firing in the pistol-gallery4 ,he       
thought of his conversation with ,benson
 and the occurrences of last night1 and 
then recollected that he was out of     
practice himself1 and that there would  

be no harm in trying a few shots4 ,so he
 strode over to the gallery1 and there1 
to his astonishment1 found on one side  
of the door the keeper1 on the other    
,frank ,sumner 7who had given a most    
devoted proof of friendship by getting  
up two hours earlier in the morning than
 he had ever been known to do before72  
and between them ,benson1 blazing away  
at the figure1 and swearing at himself  
for not making better shots4  ,take time
 by the forelock1 you see1 said he as he
 recognized ,ashburner4 ,nunquam non    
paratus4 ,the fellow will send me a     
challenge this morning1 ,i suppose1 and 
,i want to be ready for him4  ,but do   
you know1 said the ,englishman1 if after
 this you should kill your man1 we in   
our country would call it something very
 like murder8  ,that may be1 answered   
,harry1 as he let fly again1 this time  
ringing the bell2 but we only call it   
practice4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,john ,adams1 in his       
,diary1 states1 that out of eight       

prominent members of the ,boston bar in 
#agfc1 with whom he was one evening     
discussing the encroachments of ,england
 upon the colonies1 only one1 ,adams    
himself1 lived through the ,revolution1 
as an advocate of ,american             
independence4 ,five adhered to ,great   
,britain3 ,gridley1 ,auchmuty1 ,fitch1  
,kent1 and ,hutchinson4 ,thatcher died  
in #agfe1 and ,otis became incapacitated
 in #agga4     ,from ,colburn's ,new    
,monthly ,magazine  ,,the ,,twin        
,,sisters4  ,a ,,true ,,story4  ,,by ,w4
 ,,wilkie ,,collins1 ,,author ,,of      
,,antonina4   ,among those who attended 
the first of the ,king's leves1 during  
the ,london season of #ah--1 was an     
unmarried gentleman of large fortune1   
named ,streatfield4 ,while his carriage 
was proceeding slowly down ,st4 ,james's
 ,street1 he naturally sought such      
amusement and occupation as he could    
find in looking on the brilliant scene  
around him4 ,the day was unusually fine2
 crowds of spectators thronged the      

street and the balconies of the houses  
on either side1 all gazing at the       
different equipages with as eager a     
curiosity and interest1 as if fine      
vehicles and fine people inside them    
were the rarest objects of contemplation
 in the whole metropolis4 ,proceeding at
 a slower and slower pace1 ,mr4         
,streatfield's carriage had just arrived
 at the middle of the street1 when a    
longer stoppage than usual occurred4 ,he
 looked carelessly up at the nearest    
balcony2 and there among some eight or  
ten ladies1 all strangers to him1 he saw
 one face that riveted his attention    
immediately4  ,he had never beheld any  
thing so beautiful1 any thing which     
struck him with such strange1 mingled1  
and sudden sensations1 as this face4 ,he
 gazed and gazed on it1 hardly knowing  
where he was1 or what he was doing1     
until the line of vehicles began again  
to move on4 ,then--after first          
ascertaining the number of the house--he
 flung himself back in the carriage1 and

 tried to examine his own feelings1 to  
reason himself into self-possession2 but
 it was all in vain4 ,he was seized with
 that amiable form of social monomania1 
called love at first sight4  ,he entered
 the palace1 greeted his friends1 and   
performed all the necessary ,court      
ceremonies1 feeling the whole time like 
a man in a trance4 ,he spoke            
mechanically1 and moved                 
mechanically--the lovely face in the    
balcony occupied his thoughts1 to the   
exclusion of every thing else4 ,on his  
return home1 he had engagements for the 
afternoon and the evening--he forgot and
 broke them all2 and walked back to ,st4
 ,james's ,street as soon as he had     
changed his dress4  ,the balcony was    
empty2 the sight-seers1 who had filled  
it but a few hours before1 had          
departed--but obstacles of all sorts now
 tended only to stimulate ,mr4          
,streatfield2 he was determined to      
ascertain the parentage of the young    
lady1 determined to look on the lovely  

face again--the thermometer of his heart
 had risen already to ,fever ,heat6     
,without loss of time1 the shopkeeper to
 whom the house belonged was bribed to  
loquacity by a purchase4 ,all that he   
could tell1 in answer to inquiries1 was 
that he had let his lodgings to an      
elderly gentleman and his wife1 from the
 country1 who had asked some friends    
into their balcony to see the carriages 
go to the leve4 ,nothing daunted1 ,mr4  
,streatfield questioned and questioned  
again4 ,what was the old gentleman's    
name8--,dimsdale4--,could he see ,mr4   
,dimsdale's servant8--,the obsequious   
shopkeeper had no doubt that he could3  
,mr4 ,dimsdale's servant should be sent 
for immediately4  ,in a few minutes the 
servant1 the all-important link in the  
chain of ,love's evidence1 made his     
appearance4 ,he was a pompous1 portly   
man1 who listened with solemn attention1
 with a stern judicial calmness1 to ,mr4
 ,streatfield's rapid and somewhat      
confused inquiries1 which were          

accompanied by a minute description of  
the young lady1 and by several          
explanatory statements1 all very        
fictitious1 and all very plausible4     
,stupid as the servant was1 and         
suspicious as all stupid people are1 he 
had nevertheless sense enough to        
perceive that he was addressed by a     
gentleman1 and gratitude enough to feel 
considerably mollified by the handsome  
douceur which was slipped into his hand4
 ,after much pondering and doubting1 he 
at last arrived at the conclusion that  
the fair object of ,mr4 ,streatfield's  
inquiries was a ,miss ,langley1 who had 
joined the party in the balcony that    
morning1 with her sister2 and who was   
the daughter of ,mr4 ,langley1 of       
,langley ,hall1 in ----shire4 ,the      
family were now staying in ,london1 at  
---- ,street4 ,more information than    
this1 the servant stated that he could  
not afford--he was certain that he had  
made no mistake1 for the ,miss ,langleys
 were the only very young ladies in the 

house that morning--however1 if ,mr4    
,streatfield wished to speak to his     
master1 he was ready to carry any       
message with which he might be charged4 
,but ,mr4 ,streatfield had already heard
 enough for his purpose1 and departed at
 once for his club1 determined to       
discover some means of being introduced 
in due form to ,miss ,langley1 before he
 slept that night--though he should     
travel round the whole circle of his    
acquaintance--high and low1 rich and    
poor--in making the attempt4 ,arrived at
 the club1 he began to inquire          
resolutely1 in all directions1 for a    
friend who knew ,mr4 ,langley1 of       
,langley ,hall4 ,he disturbed           
gastronomic gentlemen at their dinner2  
he interrupted agricultural gentlemen   
who were moaning over the prospects of  
the harvest2 he startled literary       
gentlemen who were deep in the critical 
mysteries of the last ,review2 he       
invaded billiard-room1 dressing-room1   
smoking-room2 he was more like a frantic

 ministerial whipper-in1 hunting up     
stray members for a division1 than an   
ordinary man2 and the oftener he was    
defeated in his object1 the more        
determined he was to succeed4 ,at last1 
just as he had vainly inquired of every 
body that he knew1 just as he was       
standing in the hall of the clubhouse   
thinking where he should go next1 a     
friend entered1 who at once relieved him
 of all his difficulties--a precious1 an
 estimable man1 who was on intimate     
terms with ,mr4 ,langley1 and had been  
lately staying at ,langley ,hall4 ,to   
this friend all the lover's cares and   
anxieties were at once confided2 and a  
fitter depositary for such secrets of   
the heart could hardly have been found4 
,he made no jokes--for he was not a     
bachelor2 he abstained from shaking his 
head and recommending prudence--for he  
was not a seasoned husband1 or an       
experienced widower2 what he really did 
was to enter heart and soul into his    
friend's projects--for he was precisely 

in that position1 the only position1 in 
which the male sex generally take a     
proper interest in match-making3 he was 
a newly married man4  ,two days after1  
,mr4 ,streatfield was the happiest of   
mortals--he was introduced to the lady  
of his love--to ,miss ,jane ,langley4   
,he really enjoyed the priceless        
privilege of looking again on the face  
in the balcony1 and looking on it almost
 as often as he wished4 ,it was perfect 
,elysium4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,langley saw   
little or no company--,miss ,jane was   
always accessible1 never                
monopolized--the light of her beauty    
shone1 day after day1 for her adorer    
alone2 and his love blossomed in it1    
fast as flowers in a hot-house4 ,passing
 quickly by all the minor details of the
 wooing to arrive the sooner at the     
grand fact of the winning1 let us simply
 relate that ,mr4 ,streatfield's object 
in seeking an introduction to ,mr4      
,langley was soon explained1 and was    
indeed visible enough long before the   

explanation4 ,he was a handsome man1 an 
accomplished man1 and a rich man4 ,his  
two first qualifications conquered the  
daughter1 and his third the father4 ,in 
six weeks ,mr4 ,streatfield was the     
accepted suitor of ,miss ,jane ,langley4
  ,the wedding-day was fixed--it was    
arranged that the marriage should take  
place at ,langley ,hall1 whither the    
family proceeded1 leaving the unwilling 
lover in ,london1 a prey to all the     
inexorable business formalities of the  
occasion4 ,for ten days did the ruthless
 lawyers--those dead weights that burden
 the back of ,hymen--keep their victim  
imprisoned in the metropolis1 occupied  
over settlements that never seemed      
likely to be settled4 ,but even the long
 march of the law has its end like other
 mortal things3 at the expiration of the
 ten days all was completed1 and ,mr4   
,streatfield found himself at liberty to
 start for ,langley ,hall4  ,a large    
party was assembled at the house to     
grace the approaching nuptials4 ,there  

were to be tableaux1 charades1          
boating-trips1 riding-excursions1       
amusements of all sorts--the whole to   
conclude 7in the play-bill phrase7 with 
the grand climax of the wedding4 ,mr4   
,streatfield arrived late2 dinner was   
ready3 he had barely time to dress1 and 
then bustle into the drawing-room1 just 
as the guests were leaving it1 to offer 
his arm to ,miss ,jane--all greetings   
with friends and introductions to       
strangers being postponed till the party
 met round the dining-table4  ,grace had
 been said2 the covers were taken off2  
the loud1 cheerful hum of conversation  
was just beginning1 when ,mr4           
,streatfield's eyes met the eyes of a   
young lady who was seated opposite1 at  
the table4 ,the guests near him1        
observing at the same moment1 that he   
continued standing after every one else 
had been placed1 glanced at him         
inquiringly4 ,to their astonishment and 
alarm1 they observed that his face had  
suddenly become deadly pale--his rigid  

features looked struck by paralysis4    
,several of his friends spoke to him2   
but for the first few moments he        
returned no answer4 ,then1 still fixing 
his eyes upon the young lady opposite1  
he abruptly exclaimed1 in a voice1 the  
altered tones of which startled every   
one who heard him3--,that is the face ,i
 saw in the balcony6--that woman is the 
only woman ,i can ever marry6 ,the next 
instant1 without a word more of either  
explanation or apology1 he hurried from 
the room4  ,one or two of the guests    
mechanically started up1 as if to follow
 him2 the rest remained at the table1   
looking on each other in speechless     
surprise4 ,but before any one could     
either act or speak1 almost at the      
moment when the door closed on ,mr4     
,streatfield1 the attention of all was  
painfully directed to ,jane ,langley4   
,she had fainted4 ,her mother and       
sisters removed her from the room       
immediately1 aided by the servants4 ,as 
they disappeared1 a dead silence again  

sank down over the company--they all    
looked around with one accord to the    
master of the house4  ,mr4 ,langley's   
face and manner sufficiently revealed   
the suffering and suspense that he was  
secretly enduring4 ,but he was a man of 
the world--neither by word nor action   
did he betray what was passing within   
him4 ,he resumed his place at the table1
 and begged his guests to do the same4  
,he affected to make light of what had  
happened2 entreated every one to forget 
it1 or1 if they remembered it at all1 to
 remember it only as a mere accident    
which would no doubt be satisfactorily  
explained4 ,perhaps it was only a jest  
on ,mr4 ,streatfield's part--rather too 
serious a one1 he must own4 ,at any     
rate1 whatever was the cause of the     
interruption to the dinner which had    
just happened1 it was not important     
enough to require every body to fast    
around the table of the feast4 ,he asked
 it as a favor to himself1 that no      
further notice might be taken of what   

had occurred4 ,while ,mr4 ,langley was  
speaking thus1 he hastily wrote a few   
lines on a piece of paper1 and gave it  
to one of the servants4 ,the note was   
directed to ,mr4 ,streatfield2 the lines
 contained only these words3--,two hours
 hence1 ,i shall expect to see you alone
 in the library4  ,the dinner proceeded2
 the places occupied by the female      
members of the ,langley family1 and by  
the young lady who had attracted ,mr4   
,streatfield's notice in so             
extraordinary a manner1 being left      
vacant4 ,every one present endeavored to
 follow ,mr4 ,langley's advice1 and go  
through the business of the dinner1 as  
if nothing had occurred2 but the attempt
 failed miserably4 ,long1 blank pauses  
occurred in the conversation2 general   
topics were started1 but never pursued2 
it was more like an assembly of         
strangers1 than a meeting of friends2   
people neither ate nor drank1 as they   
were accustomed to eat and drink2 they  
talked in altered voices1 and sat with  

unusual stillness1 even in the same     
positions4 ,relatives1 friends1 and     
acquaintances1 all alike perceived that 
some great domestic catastrophe had     
happened2 all foreboded that some       
serious1 if not fatal1 explanation of   
,mr4 ,streatfield's conduct would ensue3
 and it was vain and hopeless--a very   
mockery of self-possession--to attempt  
to shake off the sinister and chilling  
influences that recent events had left  
behind them1 and resume at will the     
thoughtlessness and hilarity of ordinary
 life4  ,still1 however1 ,mr4 ,langley  
persisted in doing the honors of his    
table1 in proceeding doggedly through   
all the festive ceremonies of the hour1 
until the ladies rose and retired4      
,then1 after looking at his watch1 he   
beckoned to one of his sons to take his 
place2 and quietly left the room4 ,he   
only stopped once1 as he crossed the    
hall1 to ask news of his daughter from  
one of the servants4 ,the reply was1    
that she had had a hysterical fit2 that 

the medical attendant of the family had 
been sent for2 and that since his       
arrival she had become more composed4   
,when the man had spoken1 ,mr4 ,langley 
made no remark1 but proceeded at once to
 the library4 ,he locked the door behind
 him1 as soon as he entered the room4   
,mr4 ,streatfield was already waiting   
there--he was seated at the table1      
endeavoring to maintain an appearance of
 composure1 by mechanically turning over
 the leaves of the books before him4    
,mr4 ,langley drew a chair near him2 and
 in low1 but very firm tones1 began the 
conversation thus3--  ,i have given you 
two hours1 sir1 to collect yourself1 to 
consider your position fully--,i        
presume1 therefore1 that you are now    
prepared to favor me with an explanation
 of your conduct at my table1 to-day4   
,what explanation can ,i make8--what can
 ,i say1 or think of this most terrible 
of fatalities8 exclaimed ,mr4           
,streatfield1 speaking faintly and      
confusedly2 and still not looking       

up--,there has been an unexampled error 
committed6--a fatal mistake1 which ,i   
could never have anticipated1 and over  
which ,i had no control6  ,enough1 sir1 
of the language of romance1 interrupted 
,mr4 ,langley1 coldly2 ,i am neither of 
an age nor a disposition to appreciate  
it4 ,i come here to ask plain questions 
honestly1 and ,i insist1 as my right1 on
 receiving answers in the same spirit4  
,you1 ,mr4 ,streatfield1 sought an      
introduction to me--you professed       
yourself attached to my daughter        
,jane--your proposals were 7,i fear     
unhappily for us7 accepted--your        
wedding-day was fixed--and now1 after   
all this1 when you happen to observe my 
daughter's twin-sister sitting opposite 
to you--  ,her twin-sister6 exclaimed   
,mr4 ,streatfield2 and his trembling    
hand crumpled the leaves of the book1   
which he still held while he spoke4 ,why
 is it1 intimate as ,i have been with   
your family1 that ,i now know for the   
first time that ,miss ,jane ,langley has

 a twin-sister8  ,do you descend1 sir1  
to a subterfuge1 when ,i ask you for an 
explanation8 returned ,mr4 ,langley1    
angrily4 ,you must have heard1 over and 
over again1 that my children1 ,jane and 
,clara1 were twins4  ,on my word and    
honor1 ,i declare that--  ,spare me all 
appeals to your word or your honor1 sir2
 ,i am beginning to doubt both4  ,i will
 not make the unhappy situation in which
 we are all placed1 still worse1 by     
answering your last words1 as ,i might1 
at other times1 feel inclined to answer 
them1 said ,mr4 ,streatfield1 assuming a
 calmer demeanor than he had hitherto   
displayed4 ,i tell you the truth1 when  
,i tell you that1 before to-day1 ,i     
never knew that any of your children    
were twins4 ,your daughter ,jane has    
frequently spoken to me of her absent   
sister ,clara1 but never spoke to me of 
her as her twin-sister4 ,until to-day1  
,i have had no opportunity of           
discovering the truth2 for until to-day1
 ,i have never met ,miss ,clara ,langley

 since ,i saw her in the balcony of the 
house in ,st4 ,james's street4 ,the only
 one of your children who was never     
present during my intercourse with your 
family in ,london1 was your daughter    
,clara--the daughter whom ,i now know1  
for the first time1 as the young lady   
who really arrested my attention on my  
way to the leve--whose affections it was
 really my object to win in seeking an  
introduction to you4 ,to me1 the        
resemblance between the twin-sisters has
 been a fatal resemblance2 the long     
absence of one1 a fatal absence4  ,there
 was a momentary pause1 as ,mr4         
,streatfield sadly and calmly pronounced
 the last words4 ,mr4 ,langley appeared 
to be absorbed in thought4 ,at length he
 proceeded1 speaking to himself3--  ,it 
is strange6 ,i remember that ,clara left
 ,london on the day of the leve1 to set 
out on a visit to her aunt2 and only    
returned here two days since1 to be     
present at her sister's marriage4 ,well1
 sir1 he continued1 addressing ,mr4     

,streatfield1 granting what you say1    
granting that we all mentioned my absent
 daughter to you1 as we are accustomed  
to mention her among ourselves1 simply  
as ',clara1' you have still not excused 
your conduct in my eyes4 ,remarkable as 
the resemblance is between the sisters1 
more remarkable even1 ,i am willing to  
admit1 than the resemblance usually is  
between twins1 there is yet a           
difference1 which1 slight1 indescribable
 though it may be1 is nevertheless      
discernible to all their relations and  
to all their friends4 ,how is it that   
you1 who represent yourself as so       
vividly impressed by your first sight of
 my daughter ,clara1 did not discover   
the error when you were introduced to   
her sister ,jane1 as the lady who had so
 much attracted you4  ,you forget1 sir1 
rejoined ,mr4 ,streatfield1 that ,i have
 never beheld the sisters together until
 to-day4 ,though both were in the       
balcony when ,i first looked up at it1  
it was ,miss ,clara ,langley alone who  

attracted my attention4 ,had ,i only    
received the smallest hint that the     
absent sister of ,miss ,jane ,langley   
was her twin-sister1 ,i would have seen 
her1 at any sacrifice1 before making my 
proposals4 ,for it is my duty to confess
 to you1 ,mr4 ,langley 7with the candor 
which is your undoubted due71 that when 
,i was first introduced to your daughter
 ,jane1 ,i felt an unaccountable        
impression that she was the same as1 and
 yet different from1 the lady whom ,i   
had seen in the balcony4 ,soon1 however1
 this impression wore off4 ,under the   
circumstances1 could ,i regard it as any
 thing but a mere caprice1 a lover's    
wayward fancy8 ,i dismissed it from my  
mind2 it ceased to affect me1 until     
to-day1 when ,i first discovered that it
 was a warning which ,i had most        
unhappily disregarded2 that a terrible  
error had been committed1 for which no  
one of us was to blame1 but which was   
fraught with misery1 undeserved misery1 
to us all6  ,these1 ,mr4 ,streatfield1  

are explanations which may satisfy you1 
said ,mr4 ,langley1 in a milder tone1   
but they cannot satisfy me2 they will   
not satisfy the world4 ,you have        
repudiated1 in the most public and most 
abrupt manner1 an engagement1 in the    
fulfilment of which the honor and the   
happiness of my family are concerned4   
,you have given me reasons for your     
conduct1 it is true2 but will those     
reasons restore to my daughter the      
tranquillity which she has lost1 perhaps
 for ever8 ,will they stop the          
whisperings of calumny8 ,will they carry
 conviction to those strangers to me1 or
 enemies of mine1 whose pleasure it may 
be to disbelieve them8 ,you have placed 
both yourself and me1 sir1 in a position
 of embarrassment--nay1 a position of   
danger and disgrace1 from which the     
strongest reasons and the best excuses  
cannot extricate us4  ,i entreat you to 
believe1 replied ,mr4 ,streatfield1 that
 ,i deplore from my heart the error--the
 fault1 if you will--of which ,i have   

been unconsciously guilty4 ,i implore   
your pardon1 both for what ,i said and  
did at your table to-day2 but ,i cannot 
do more4 ,i cannot and ,i dare not      
pronounce the marriage vows to your     
daughter1 with my lips1 when ,i know    
that neither my conscience nor my heart 
can ratify them4 ,the commonest justice1
 and the commonest respect towards a    
young lady who deserves both1 and more  
than both1 from every one who approaches
 her1 strengthen me to persevere in the 
only course which it is consistent with 
honor and integrity for me to take4     
,you appear to forget1 said ,mr4        
,langley1 that it is not merely your own
 honor1 but the honor of others1 that is
 to be considered in the course of      
conduct which you are now to pursue4  ,i
 have by no means forgotten what is due 
to you1 continued ,mr4 ,streatfield1 or 
what responsibilities ,i have incurred  
from the nature of my intercourse with  
your family4 ,do ,i put too much trust  
in your forbearance1 if ,i now assure   

you1 candidly and unreservedly1 that ,i 
still place all my hopes of happiness in
 the prospect of becoming connected by  
marriage with a daughter of yours8 ,miss
 ,clara ,langley--  ,here the speaker   
paused4 ,his position was becoming a    
delicate and a dangerous one2 but he    
made no effort to withdraw from it4     
,almost bewildered by the pressing and  
perilous emergency of the moment1       
harassed by such a tumult of conflicting
 emotions within him as he had never    
known before1 he risked the worst1 with 
all the blindfold desperation of love4  
,the angry flush was rising on ,mr4     
,langley's cheek2 it was evidently      
costing him a severe struggle to retain 
his assumed self-possession2 but he did 
not speak4 ,after an interval1 ,mr4     
,streatfield proceeded thus3--  ,however
 unfortunately ,i may express myself1 ,i
 am sure you will do me the justice to  
believe that ,i am now speaking from my 
heart on a subject 7to me7 of the most  
vital importance4 ,place yourself in my 

situation1 consider all that has        
happened1 consider that this may be1 for
 aught ,i know to the contrary1 the last
 opportunity ,i may have of pleading my 
cause2 and then say whether it is       
possible for me to conceal from you that
 ,i can only look to your forbearance   
and sympathy for permission to retrieve 
my error1 to--to--,mr4 ,langley6 ,i     
cannot choose expressions at such a     
moment as this4 ,i can only tell you    
that the feeling with which ,i regarded 
your daughter ,clara1 when ,i first saw 
her1 still remains what it was4 ,i      
cannot analyze it2 ,i cannot reconcile  
its apparent inconsistencies and        
contradictions2 ,i cannot explain how1  
while ,i may seem to you and to every   
one to have varied and vacillated with  
insolent caprice1 ,i have really        
remained1 in my own heart and to my own 
conscience1 true to my first sensations 
and my first convictions4 ,i can only   
implore you not to condemn me to a life 
of disappointment and misery1 by judging

 me with hasty irritation4 ,favor me1 so
 far at least1 as to relate the         
conversation which has passed between us
 to your two daughters4 ,let me hear how
 it affects each of them towards me4    
,let me know what they are willing to   
think and ready to do under such        
unparalleled circumstances as have now  
occurred4 ,i will wait your time1 and   
their time2 ,i will abide by your       
decision and their decision1 pronounced 
after the first poignant distress and   
irritation of this day's events have    
passed over4  ,still ,mr4 ,langley      
remained silent2 the angry word was on  
his tongue2 the contemptuous rejection  
of what he regarded for the moment as a 
proposition equally ill-timed and       
insolent1 seemed bursting to his lips2  
but once more he restrained himself4 ,he
 rose from his seat1 and walked slowly  
backwards and forwards1 deep in thought4
 ,mr4 ,streatfield was too much overcome
 by his own agitation to plead his cause
 further by another word4 ,there was a  

silence in the room now1 which lasted   
for some time4  ,we have said that ,mr4 
,langley was a man of the world4 ,he was
 strongly attached to his children2 but 
he had a little of the selfishness and  
much of the reverence for wealth of a   
man of the world4 ,as he now endeavored 
to determine mentally on his proper     
course of action--to disentangle the    
whole case from all its mysterious      
intricacies--to view it1 extraordinary  
as it was1 in its proper bearings1 his  
thoughts began gradually to assume what 
is called1 a practical turn4 ,he        
reflected that he had another daughter1 
besides the twin-sisters1 to provide    
for2 and that he had two sons to settle 
in life4 ,he was not rich enough to     
portion three daughters2 and he had not 
interest enough to start his sons       
favorably in a career of eminence4 ,mr4 
,streatfield1 on the contrary1 was a man
 of great wealth1 and of great          
connections among people in power4 ,was 
such a son-in-law to be rejected1 even  

after all that had happened1 without at 
least consulting his wife and daughters 
first8 ,he thought not4 ,had not ,mr4   
,streatfield1 in truth1 been the victim 
of a remarkable fatality1 of an         
incredible accident1 and were no        
allowances1 under such circumstances1 to
 be made for him8 ,he began to think    
there were4 ,reflecting thus1 he        
determined at length to proceed with    
moderation and caution at all hazards2  
and regained composure enough to        
continue the conversation in a cold1 but
 still in a polite tone4  ,i will commit
 myself1 sir1 to no agreement or promise
 whatever1 he began1 nor will ,i        
consider this interview in any respect  
as a conclusive one1 either on your side
 or mine2 but if ,i think1 on           
consideration1 that it is desirable that
 our conversation should be repeated to 
my wife and daughters1 ,i will make them
 acquainted with it1 and will let you   
know the result4 ,in the mean time1 ,i  
think you will agree with me1 that it is

 most fit that the next communications  
between us should take place by letter  
alone4  ,mr4 ,streatfield was not slow  
in taking the hint conveyed by ,mr4     
,langley'a last words4 ,after what had  
occurred1 and until something was       
definitely settled1 he felt that the    
suffering and suspense which he was     
already enduring would be increased     
tenfold if he remained longer in the    
same house with the twin sisters--the   
betrothed of one1 the lover of the      
other6 ,murmuring a few inaudible words 
of acquiescence in the arrangement which
 had just been proposed to him1 he left 
the room4 ,the same evening he quitted  
,langley ,hall4  ,the next morning the  
remainder of the guests departed1 their 
curiosity to know all the particulars of
 what had happened remaining            
ungratified4 ,they were simply informed 
that an extraordinary and unexpected    
obstacle had arisen to delay the        
wedding2 that no blame attached to any  
one in the matter2 and that as soon as  

every thing had been finally determined1
 every thing would be explained4 ,until 
then1 it was not considered necessary to
 enter in any way into particulars4 ,by 
the middle of the day every visitor had 
left the house2 and a strange and       
melancholy spectacle it presented when  
they were all gone4 ,rooms were now     
empty and silent1 which the day before  
had been filled with animated groups1   
and had echoed with merry laughter4 ,in 
one apartment1 the fittings for the     
series of ,tableaux which had been      
proposed1 remained half completed3 the  
dresses that were to have been worn1 lay
 scattered on the floor2 the carpenter  
who had come to proceed with his work1  
gathered up his tools in ominous        
silence1 and departed as quickly as he  
could4 ,here lay books still open at the
 last page read2 there was an album1    
with the drawing of the day before      
unfinished1 and the color-box unclosed  
by its side4 ,on the deserted           
billiard-table1 the positions of the    

cues and balls showed traces of an      
interrupted game4 ,flowers were         
scattered on the rustic tables in the   
garden1 half made into nosegays1 and    
beginning to wither already4 ,the very  
dogs wandered in a moody1 unsettled way 
about the house1 missing the friendly   
hands that had fondled and fed them for 
so many days past1 and whining          
impatiently in the deserted             
drawing-rooms4 ,the social desolation of
 the scene was miserably complete in all
 its aspects4  ,immediately after the   
departure of his guests1 ,mr4 ,langley  
had a long interview with his wife4 ,he 
repeated to her the conversation which  
had taken place between ,mr4            
,streatfield and himself1 and received  
from her in return such an account of   
the conduct of his daughter1 under the  
trial that had befallen her1 as filled  
him with equal astonishment and         
admiration4 ,it was a new revelation to 
him of the character of his own child4  
,as soon as the violent symptoms had    

subsided1 said ,mrs4 ,langley1 in answer
 to her husband's first inquiries1 as   
soon as the hysterical fit was subdued1 
,jane seemed suddenly to assume a new   
character1 to become another person4    
,she begged that the ,doctor might be   
released from his attendance1 and that  
she might be left alone with me and with
 her sister ,clara4 ,when every one else
 had quitted the room1 she continued to 
sit in the easy-chair where we had at   
first placed her1 covering her face with
 her hands4 ,she entreated us not to    
speak to her for a short time1 and1     
except that she shuddered occasionally1 
sat quite still and silent4 ,when she at
 last looked up1 we were shocked to see 
the deadly paleness of her face1 and the
 strange alteration that had come over  
her expression2 but she spoke to us so  
coherently1 so solemnly even1 that we   
were amazed2 we knew not what to think  
or what to do2 it hardly seemed to be   
our ,jane who was now speaking to us4   
,what did she say8 asked ,mr4 ,langley1 

eagerly4  ,she said that the first      
feeling of her heart1 at that moment1   
was gratitude on her own account4 ,she  
thanked ,god that the terrible discovery
 had not been made too late1 when her   
married life might have been a life of  
estrangement and misery4 ,up to the     
moment when ,mr4 ,streatfield had       
uttered that one fatal exclamation1 she 
had loved him1 she told us1 fondly and  
fervently2 now1 no explanation1 no      
repentance 7if either were tendered71 no
 earthly persuasion or command 7in case 
,mr4 ,streatfield should think himself  
bound1 as a matter of atonement1 to hold
 to his rash engagement71 could ever    
induce her to become his wife4  ,mr4    
,streatfield will not test her          
resolution1 said ,mr4 ,langley1         
bitterly2 he deliberately repeated his  
repudiation of his engagement in this   
room2 nay1 more1 he--  ,i have something
 important to say to you from ,jane on  
this point1 interrupted ,mrs4 ,langley4 
,after she had spoken the first few     

words which ,i have already repeated to 
you1 she told us that she had been      
thinking--thinking more calmly perhaps  
than we could imagine--on all that had  
happened2 on what ,mr4 ,streatfield had 
said at the dinner-table2 on the        
momentary glance of recognition which   
she had seen pass between him and her   
sister ,clara1 whose accidental absence1
 during the whole period of ,mr4        
,streatfield's intercourse with us in   
,london1 she now remembered and reminded
 me of4 ,the cause of the fatal error1  
and the manner in which it had occurred1
 seemed to be already known to her1 as  
if by intuition4 ,we entreated her to   
refrain from speaking on the subject for
 the present2 but she answered that it  
was her duty to speak on it--her duty to
 propose something which should         
alleviate the suspense and distress we  
were all enduring on her account4 ,no   
words can describe to you her fortitude1
 her noble endurance--4 ,mrs4 ,langley's
 voice faltered as she pronounced the   

last words4 ,it was some minutes ere she
 became sufficiently composed to proceed
 thus3  ,i am charged with a message to 
you from ,jane--,i should say1 charged  
with her entreaties1 that you will not  
suspend our intercourse with ,mr4       
,streatfield1 or view his conduct in any
 other than a merciful light--as conduct
 for which accident and circumstances   
are alone to blame4 ,after she had given
 me this message to you1 she turned to  
,clara1 who sat weeping by her side1    
completely overcome2 and said that they 
were to blame1 if any one was to be     
blamed in the matter1 for being so much 
alike as to make all who saw them apart 
doubt which was ,clara and which was    
,jane4 ,she said this with a faint      
smile1 and an effort to speak playfully1
 which touched us to the heart4 ,then1  
in a tone and manner which ,i can never 
forget1 she asked her sister--charging  
her1 on their mutual affection and      
mutual confidence1 to answer            
sincerely--if she had noticed ,mr4      

,streatfield on the day of the leve1 and
 had afterwards remembered him at the   
dinner-table1 as he had noticed and     
remembered her8 ,it was only after ,jane
 had repeated this appeal1 still more   
earnestly and affectionately1 that      
,clara summoned courage and composure   
enough to confess that she had noticed  
,mr4 ,streatfield on the day of the     
leve1 had thought of him afterwards     
during his absence from ,london1 and had
 recognized him at our table1 as he had 
recognized her4  ,is it possible6 ,i own
 ,i had not anticipated--not thought for
 one moment of that1 said ,mr4 ,langley4
  ,perhaps1 continued his wife1 it is   
best that you should see ,jane now1 and 
judge for yourself4 ,for my part1 her   
noble resignation under this great      
trial1 has so astonished and impressed  
me1 that ,i only feel competent to      
advise1 as she advises1 to act as she   
thinks fit4 ,i begin to think that it is
 not we who are to guide her1 but she   
who is to guide us4  ,mr4 ,langley      

lingered irresolute for a few minutes2  
then quitted the room1 and proceeded    
along to ,jane ,langley's apartment4    
,when he knocked at the door1 it was    
opened by ,clara4 ,there was an         
expression partly of confusion1 partly  
of sorrow on her face2 and when her     
father stopped as if to speak to her1   
she merely pointed into the room1 and   
hurried away without uttering a word4   
,mr4 ,langley had been prepared by his  
wife for the change that had taken place
 in his daughter since the day before2  
but he felt startled1 almost            
overwhelmed1 as he now looked on her4   
,one of the poor girl's most prominent  
personal attractions1 from her earliest 
years1 had been the beauty of her       
complexion2 and now1 the freshness and  
the bloom had entirely departed from her
 face2 it seemed absolutely colorless4  
,her expression1 too1 appeared to ,mr4  
,langley's eye1 to have undergone a     
melancholy alteration2 to have lost its 
youthfulness suddenly2 to have assumed a

 strange character of firmness and      
thoughtfulness1 which he had never      
observed in it before4 ,she was sitting 
by an open window1 commanding a lovely  
view of wide1 sunny landscape2 a ,bible 
which her mother had given her1 lay open
 on her knees2 she was reading in it as 
her father entered4 ,for the first time 
in his life1 he paused1 speechless1 as  
he approached to speak to one of his own
 children4  ,i am afraid ,i look very   
ill1 she said1 holding out her hand to  
him2 but ,i am better than ,i look2 ,i  
shall be quite well in a day or two4    
,have you heard my message1 father8 have
 you been told8--  ,my love1 we will not
 speak of it yet2 we will wait a few    
days1 said ,mr4 ,langley4  ,you have    
always been so kind to me1 she          
continued1 in less steady tones1 that ,i
 am sure you will let me go on4 ,i have 
very little to say1 but that little must
 be said now1 and then we need never    
recur to it again4 ,will you consider   
all that has happened1 as something     

forgotten8 ,you have heard already what 
it is that ,i entreat you to do2 will   
you let him--,mr4 ,streatfield-- 7,she  
stopped1 her voice failed for a moment1 
but she recovered herself again almost  
immediately47 ,will you let ,mr4        
,streatfield remain here1 or recall him 
if he is gone1 and give him an          
opportunity of explaining himself to my 
sister8 ,if poor ,clara should refuse to
 see him for my sake1 pray do not listen
 to her4 ,i am sure this is what ought  
to be done2 ,i have been thinking of it 
very calmly1 and ,i feel that it is     
right4 ,and there is something more ,i  
have to beg of you1 father2 it is1 that1
 while ,mr4 ,streatfield is here1 you   
will allow me to go and stay with my    
aunt4--,you know how fond she is of me4 
,her house is not a day's journey from  
home4 ,it is best for every body 7much  
the best for me7 that ,i should not     
remain here at present2 and--and--dear  
father6 ,i have always been your spoiled
 child2 and ,i know you will indulge me 

still4 ,if you will do what ,i ask you1 
,i shall soon get over this heavy trial4
 ,i shall be well again if ,i am away at
 my aunt's--if--  ,she paused2 and      
putting one trembling arm round her     
father's neck1 hid her face on his      
breast4 ,for some minutes1 ,mr4 ,langley
 could not trust himself to answer her4 
,there was something1 not deeply        
touching only1 but impressive and       
sublime1 about the moral heroism of this
 young girl1 whose heart and            
mind--hitherto wholly inexperienced in  
the harder and darker emergencies of    
life--now rose in the strength of their 
native purity superior to the bitterest1
 cruellest trial that either could      
undergo2 whose patience and resignation1
 called forth for the first time by a   
calamity which suddenly thwarted the    
purposes and paralyzed the affections   
that had been destined to endure for a  
life1 could thus appear at once in the  
fullest maturity of virtue and beauty4  
,as the father thought on these things2 

as he vaguely and imperfectly estimated 
the extent of the daughter's sacrifice2 
as he reflected on the nature of the    
affliction that had befallen her--which 
combined in itself a fatality that none 
could have foreseen1 a fault that could 
neither be repaired nor resented1 a     
judgment against which there was no     
appeal--and then remembered how this    
affliction had been borne1 with what    
words and what actions it had been met1 
he felt that it would be almost a       
profanation to judge the touching       
petition just addressed to him1 by the  
criterion of his worldly doubts and his 
worldly wisdom4 ,his eye fell on the    
,bible1 still open beneath it2 he       
remembered the little child who was set 
in the midst of the disciples1 as       
teacher and example to all2 and when at 
length he spoke in answer to his        
daughter1 it was not to direct or to    
advise1 but to comfort and comply4      
,they delayed her removal for a few     
days1 to see if she faltered in her     

resolution1 if her bodily weakness      
increased2 but she never wavered2       
nothing in her appearance changed1      
either for better or for worse4 ,a week 
after the startling scene at the        
dinner-table1 she was living in the     
strictest retirement in the house of her
 aunt4  ,about the period of her        
departure1 a letter was received from   
,mr4 ,streatfield4 ,it was little more  
than a recapitulation of what he had    
already said to ,mr4                    
,langley--expressed1 however1 on this   
occasion1 in stronger and1 at the same  
time1 in more respectful terms4 ,the    
letter was answered briefly3 he was     
informed that nothing had1 as yet1 been 
determined on1 but that the next        
communication would bring him a final   
reply4  ,two months passed4 ,during that
 time1 ,jane ,langley was frequently    
visited at her aunt's house1 by her     
father and mother4 ,she still remained  
calm and resolved2 still looked pale and
 thoughtful1 as at first4 ,doctors were 

consulted3 they talked of a shock to the
 nervous system2 of great hope from     
time1 and their patient's strength of   
mind2 and of the necessity of acceding  
to her wishes in all things4 ,then1 the 
advice of the aunt was sought4 ,she was 
a woman of an eccentric1 masculine      
character1 who had herself experienced a
 love-disappointment in early life1 and 
had never married4 ,she gave her opinion
 unreservedly and abruptly1 as she      
always gave it4 ,do as ,jane tells you6 
said the old lady1 severely2 that poor  
child has more moral courage and        
determination than all the rest of you  
put together6 ,i know better than any   
body what a sacrifice she has had to    
make2 but she has made it1 and made it  
nobly--like a heroine1 as some people   
would say2 like a good1 high-minded1    
courageous girl1 as ,i say6 ,do as she  
tells you6 ,let that poor1 selfish fool 
of a man have his way1 and marry her    
sister--he has made one mistake already 
about a face--see if he doesn't find    

out1 some day1 that he has made another1
 about a wife6 ,let him6--,jane is too  
good for him1 or for any man6 ,leave her
 to me2 let her stop here2 she shan't   
lose by what happened6 ,you know this   
place is mine--,i mean it is to be hers1
 when ,i'm dead4 ,you know ,i've got    
some money--,i shall leave it to her4   
,i've made my will3 it's all done and   
settled6 ,go back home2 send for the    
man1 and tell ,clara to marry him       
without any more fuss6 ,you wanted my   
opinion--,there it is for you6  ,at last
 ,mr4 ,langley decided4 ,the important  
letter was written1 which recalled ,mr4 
,streatfield to ,langley ,hall4 ,as     
,jane had foreseen1 ,clara at first     
refused to hold any communication with  
him2 but a letter from her sister1 and  
the remonstrances of her father1 soon   
changed her resolution4 ,there was      
nothing in common between the           
twin-sisters but their personal         
resemblance4 ,clara had been guided all 
her life by the opinions of others1 and 

she was guided by them now4  ,once      
permitted the opportunity of pleading   
his cause1 ,mr4 ,streatfield did not    
neglect his own interests4 ,it would be 
little to our purpose to describe the   
doubts and difficulties which delayed at
 first the progress of his second       
courtship--pursued as it was under      
circumstances1 not only extraordinary1  
but unprecedented4 ,it is no longer with
 him1 or with ,clara ,langley1 that the 
interest of our story is connected4     
,suffice it to say1 that he ultimately  
overcame all the young lady's scruples2 
and that1 a few months afterwards1 some 
of ,mr4 ,langley's intimate friends     
found themselves again assembled round  
his table as wedding-guests1 and        
congratulating ,mr4 ,streatfield on his 
approaching union with ,clara1 as they  
had already congratulated him1 scarcely 
a year back1 on his approaching union   
with ,jane6  ,the social ceremonies of  
the wedding-day were performed          
soberly--almost sadly4 ,some of the     

guests 7especially the unmarried ladies7
 thought that ,miss ,clara had allowed  
herself to be won too easily--others    
were picturing to themselves the        
situation of the poor girl who was      
absent2 and contributed little toward   
the gayety of the party4 ,on this       
occasion1 however1 nothing occurred to  
interrupt the proceedings2 the marriage 
took place2 and1 immediately after it1  
,mr4 ,streatfield and his bride started 
for a tour on the ,continent4  ,on their
 departure1 ,jane ,langley returned     
home4 ,she made no reference whatever to
 her sister's marriage2 and no one      
mentioned it in her presence4 ,still the
 color did not return to her cheek1 or  
the old gayety to her manner4 ,the shock
 that she had suffered had left its     
traces on her for life4 ,but there was  
no evidence that she was sinking under  
the remembrances which neither time nor 
resolution could banish4 ,the strong1   
pure heart had undergone a change1 but  
not a deterioration4 ,all that had been 

brilliant in her character was gone2 but
 all that was noble in it remained4     
,never had her intercourse with her     
family and her friends been so          
affectionate and so kindly as it was    
now4  ,when1 after a long absence1 ,mr4 
,streatfield and his wife returned to   
,england1 it was observed1 at her first 
meeting with them1 that the momentary   
confusion and embarrassment were on     
their side1 not on hers4 ,during their  
stay at ,langley ,hall1 she showed not  
the slightest disposition to avoid them4
 ,no member of the family welcomed them 
more cordially1 entered into all their  
plans and projects more readily1 or bade
 them farewell with a kinder or better  
grace1 when they departed for their own 
home4  ,our tale is nearly ended3 what  
remains of it1 must comprise the history
 of many years in a few words4  ,time   
passed on2 and ,death and ,change told  
of its lapse among the family at        
,langley ,hall4 ,five years after the   
events above related1 ,mr4 ,langley     

died2 and was followed to the grave1    
shortly afterwards1 by his wife4 ,of    
their two sons1 the eldest was rising   
into good practice at the bar2 the      
youngest had become attach to a foreign 
embassy4 ,their third daughter was      
married1 and living at the family seat  
of her husband1 in ,scotland4 ,mr4 and  
,mrs4 ,streatfield had children of their
 own1 now1 to occupy their time and     
absorb their care4 ,the career of life  
was over for some--the purposes of life 
had altered for others--,jane ,langley  
alone1 still remained unchanged4  ,she  
now lived entirely with her aunt4 ,at   
intervals--as their worldly duties and  
avocations permitted them--the other    
members of her family1 or one or two    
intimate friends1 came to the house4    
,offers of marriage were made to her1   
but were all declined4 ,the first1 last 
love of her girlish days--abandoned as a
 hope1 and crushed as a passion2 living 
only as a quiet grief1 as a pure        
remembrance--still kept its watch1 as   

guardian and defender1 over her heart4  
,years passed on and worked no change in
 the sad uniformity of her life1 until  
the death of her aunt left her mistress 
of the house in which she had hitherto  
been a guest4 ,then it was observed that
 she made fewer and fewer efforts to    
vary the tenor of her existence1 to     
forget her old remembrances for awhile  
in the society of others4 ,such         
invitations as reached her from         
relations and friends were more         
frequently declined than accepted4 ,she 
was growing old herself now2 and1 with  
each advancing year1 the busy pageant of
 the outer world presented less and less
 that could attract her eye4  ,so she   
began to surround herself1 in her       
solitude1 with the favorite books that  
she had studied1 with the favorite music
 that she had played1 in the days of her
 hopes and her happiness4 ,every thing  
that was associated1 however slightly1  
with that past period1 now acquired a   
character of inestimable value in her   

eyes1 as aiding her mind to seclude     
itself more and more strictly in the    
sanctuary of its early recollections4   
,was it weakness in her to live thus2 to
 abandon the world and the world's      
interests1 as one who had no hope1 or   
part in either8 ,had she earned the     
right1 by the magnitude and resolution  
of her sacrifice1 thus to indulge in the
 sad luxury of fruitless remembrance8   
,who shall say6--who shall presume to   
decide that cannot think with her       
thoughts1 and look back with her        
recollections6  ,thus she lived--alone1 
and yet not lonely2 without hope1 but   
with no despair2 separate and apart from
 the world around her1 except when she  
approached it by her charities to the   
poor1 and her succor to the afflicted2  
by her occasional interviews with the   
surviving members of her family and a   
few old friends1 when they sought her in
 her calm retreat2 and by the little    
presents which she constantly sent to   
brothers' and sisters' children1 who    

worshipped1 as their invisible good     
genius1 the kind lady whom most of them 
had never seen4 ,such was her existence 
throughout the closing years of her     
life3 such did it continue--calm and    
blameless--to the last4         99      
99       99       99       99  ,reader1 
when you are told1 that what is         
impressive and pathetic in the ,drama of
 ,human ,life has passed with a past age
 of ,chivalry and ,romance1 remember    
,jane ,langley1 and quote in            
contradiction the story of the ,,twin   
,,sisters6         99       99       99 
99       99  ,when about nine years old1
 ,southey attended a school at ,bristol1
 kept by one ,williams1 a ,welshman1 the
 one1 he says1 of all his schoolmasters1
 whom he remembered with the kindliest  
feelings4 ,this ,williams used sometimes
 to infuse more passion into his        
discipline than was becoming1 of which  
,southey records a most ridiculous      
illustration4 ,one of his schoolmates--a
 ,creole1 with a shade of ,african color

 and negro features--was remarkable for 
his stupidity4 ,williams1 after flogging
 him one day1 made him pay a half-penny 
for the use of the rod1 because he      
required it so much oftener than any    
other boy in school4     ,from ,fraser's
 ,magazine4  ,,alfieri4   ,vittorio     
,alfieri was born at ,asti1 a city of   
,piedmont1 on the #agth of ,january1    
#agdi1--the year in which his great     
contemporary1 ,gothe1 first saw the     
light4 ,his father1 ,antonio ,alfieri1  
was a nobleman of high rank in his own  
country2 his mother1 whose name was     
,monica ,maillard di ,tournon1 was of   
,savoyard descent4 ,at the time of      
,vittorio's birth his father was sixty  
years of age2 and as until then he had  
had no son1 the entrance of the future  
poet into the world was to him a subject
 of unspeakable delight3 but his        
happiness was of short duration1 for he 
overheated himself one day by going to  
see the child at a neighboring village  
where he was at nurse1 and died of the  

illness that ensued1 his son being at   
the time less than a year old4 ,the     
countess1 his widow1 did not long remain
 so1 as she very shortly married again1 
her third husband 7she was a widow when 
the count married her7 being the        
,cavalier ,giacinto ,alfieri1 a distant 
member of the same family4  ,when about 
six years old1 ,alfieri was placed under
 the care of a priest called ,don       
,ivaldi1 who taught him writing1        
arithmetic1 ,cornelius ,nepos1 and      
,phdrus4 ,he soon discovered1 however1  
that the worthy priest was an ignoramus1
 and congratulates himself on having    
escaped from his hands at the age of    
nine1 otherwise he believes that he     
should have been an absolute and        
irreclaimable dunce4 ,his mother and    
father-in-law were constantly repeating 
the maxim then so popular among the     
,italian nobility1 that it was not      
necessary that a gentleman should be a  
doctor4 ,it was at this early age that  
he was first attacked by that melancholy

 which gradually assumed entire dominion
 over him1 and throughout life remained 
a most prominent feature in his         
character4 ,when only seven years of    
age1 he made an attempt to poison       
himself by eating some noxious herbs1   
being impelled to this strange action by
 an undefined desire to die4 ,he was    
well punished for his silliness by being
 made very unwell1 and by being1        
moreover1 shut up in his room for some  
days4 ,no punishment for his youthful   
transgressions was1 however1 so         
effectual as being sent in a nightcap to
 a neighboring church4 ,who knows1 says 
he1 whether ,i am not indebted to that  
blessed nightcap for having turned out  
one of the most truthful men ,i ever    
knew8  ,in #ageh1 his paternal uncle and
 guardian1 seeing what little progress  
he was making1 determined to send him to
 the ,turin ,academy1 and accordingly he
 started in the month of ,july4  ,i     
cried 7he says1 in his autobiography7   
during the whole of the first stage4 ,on

 arriving at the post-house1 ,i got out 
of the carriage while the horses were   
being changed1 and feeling thirsty1     
instead of asking for a glass1 or       
requesting any body to fetch me some    
water1 ,i marched up to the             
horse-trough1 dipped the corner of my   
cap in the water1 and drank to my       
heart's content4 ,the postilions1 seeing
 this1 told my attendant1 who ran up and
 began rating me soundly2 but ,i told   
him that travellers ought to accustom   
themselves to such things1 and that no  
good soldier would drink in any other   
manner4 ,where ,i fished up these       
,achilles-like ideas ,i know not1 as my 
mother had always educated me with the  
greatest tenderness1 and with really    
ludicrous care for my health4  ,he      
describes his character at this period1 
where he ends what he calls the epoch of
 childhood1 and begins that of          
adolescence1 as having been as follows3 
,i was taciturn and placid for the most 
part1 but occasionally very talkative   

and lively2 in fact1 ,i generally ran   
from one extreme to another4 ,i was     
obstinate and restive when force was    
exerted1 most docile under kind         
treatment2 restrained more by fear of   
being scolded than by any thing else2   
susceptible of shame even to excess1 and
 inflexible when rubbed against the     
grain4  ,he entered the ,academy on the 
#ast of ,august4 ,it was a magnificent  
quadrangular building1 of which two of  
the sides were occupied by the ,king's  
,theatre and the ,royal ,archives2      
another side was appropriated to the    
younger students1 who composed what were
 called the second and third apartments1
 while the fourth contained the first   
apartment1 or the older students1 who   
were mostly foreigners1 besides the     
king's pages1 to the number of twenty or
 twenty-five4 ,alfieri was at first     
placed in the third apartment1 and the  
fourth class1 from which he was promoted
 to the third at the end of three       
months4 ,the master of this class was a 

certain ,don ,degiovanni1 a priest even 
more ignorant than his good friend      
,ivaldi4 ,it may be supposed that under 
such auspices he did not make much      
progress in his studies4 ,let us hear   
his own account3  ,being thus an ass1 in
 the midst of asses1 and under an ass1  
,i translated ,cornelius ,nepos1 some of
 ,virgil's ,eclogues1 and such-like2 we 
wrote stupid1 nonsensical themes1 so    
that in any well-directed school we     
should have been a wretched fourth      
class4 ,i was never at the bottom2      
emulation spurred me on until ,i        
surpassed or equalled the head boy2 but 
as soon as ,i reached the top1 ,i fell  
back into a state of torpor4 ,i was     
perhaps to be excused1 as nothing could 
equal the dryness and insipidity of our 
studies4 ,it is true that we translated 
,cornelius ,nepos2 but none of us1      
probably not even the master himself1   
knew who the men were whose lives we    
were translating1 nor their countries1  
nor the times in which they lived1 nor  

the governments under which they        
flourished1 nor even what a government  
was4 ,all our ideas were contracted1    
false1 or confused2 the master had no   
object in view2 his pupils took not the 
slightest interest in what they learned4
 ,in short1 all were as bad as bad could
 be2 no one looked after us1 or if they 
did1 knew what they were about4  ,in    
,november1 #agei1 he was promoted to the
 humanity class1 the master of which was
 a man of some learning4 ,his emulation 
was excited in this class by his meeting
 a boy who could repeat #fjj lines of   
the ,georgics without a single mistake1 
while he could never get beyond #djj4   
,these defeats almost suffocated him    
with anger1 and he often burst out      
crying1 and occasionally abused his     
rival most violently4 ,he found some    
consolation1 however1 for his inferior  
memory1 in always writing the best      
themes4 ,about this time he obtained    
possession of a copy of ,ariosto in four
 volumes1 which he rather believes he   

purchased1 a volume at a time1 with     
certain half-fowls that were given the  
students on ,sundays1 his first ,ariosto
 thus costing him two fowls in the space
 of four weeks4 ,he much regrets that he
 is not certain on the point1 feeling   
anxious to know whether he imbibed his  
first draughts of poetry at the expense 
of his stomach4 ,notwithstanding that he
 was at the head of the humanity class1 
and could translate the ,georgics into  
,italian prose1 he found great          
difficulty in understanding the easiest 
of ,italian poets4 ,the master1 however1
 soon perceived him reading the book by 
stealth1 and confiscated it1 leaving the
 future poet deprived for the present of
 all poetical guidance4  ,during this   
period he was in a wretched state of    
health1 being constantly attacked by    
various extraordinary diseases4 ,he     
describes himself as not growing at all1
 and as resembling a very delicate and  
pale wax taper4 ,in #agfj he passed in  
the class of rhetoric1 and succeeded1   

moreover1 in recovering his ,ariosto1   
but read very little of it1 partly from 
the difficulty he found in understanding
 it1 and partly because the continued   
breaks in the story disgusted him4 ,as  
to ,tasso1 he had never even heard his  
name4 ,he obtained a few of             
,metastasio's plays as libretti of the  
,opera at carnival time1 and was much   
pleased with them1 and also with some of
 ,goldoni's comedies that were lent to  
him4  ,but the dramatic genius1 of which
 the germs perhaps existed in me1 was   
soon buried or extinguished for want of 
food1 of encouragement1 and every thing 
else4 ,in short1 my ignorance and that  
of my instructors1 and the carelessness 
of every body in every thing exceeded   
all conception4  ,the following year he 
was promoted into the class of          
philosophy1 which met in the adjoining  
university4 ,the following is his       
description of the course3  ,this school
 of peripatetic philosophy was held     
after dinner4 ,during the first         

half-hour we wrote out the lecture at   
the dictation of the professor1 and in  
the subsequent three-quarters of an     
hour1 when he commented upon it1 ,heaven
 knows how1 in ,latin1 we scholars      
wrapped ourselves up comfortably in our 
mantles1 and went fast asleep2 and among
 the assembled philosophers1 not a sound
 was heard except the drawling voice of 
the professor himself1 half asleep1 and 
the various notes of the snorers1 who   
formed a most delightful concert in     
every possible key4  ,during his        
holidays this year1 his uncle took him  
to the ,opera for the first time1 where 
he heard the ,mercato di ,malmantile4   
,the music produced a most extraordinary
 effect upon him1 and for several weeks 
afterwards he remained immersed in a    
strange but not unpleasing melancholy1  
followed by an absolute loathing of his 
usual studies4 ,music all through life  
affected him most powerfully1 and he    
states that his tragedies were almost   
invariably planned by him when under its

 influence4 ,it was about this time that
 he composed his first sonnet1 which was
 made up of whole or mutilated verses of
 ,metastasio and ,ariosto1 the only two 
,italian poets of whom he knew any      
thing4 ,it was in praise of a certain   
lady to whom his uncle was paying his   
addresses1 and whom he himself admired4 
,several persons1 including the lady    
herself1 praised it1 so that he already 
fancied himself a poet4 ,his uncle1     
however1 a military man1 and no votary  
of the ,muses1 laughed at him so much1  
that his poetical vein was soon dried   
up1 and he did not renew his attempts in
 the line till he was more than         
twenty-five years old4 ,how many good or
 bad verses did my uncle suffocate1     
together with my first-born sonnet6  ,he
 next studied physics and ethics--the   
former under the celebrated ,beccaria1  
but not a single definition remained in 
his head4 ,these studies1 however1 as   
well as those in civil and canon law1   
which he had commenced1 were interrupted

 by a violent illness1 which rendered it
 necessary for him to have his head     
shaved1 and to wear a wig4 ,his         
companions1 at first1 tormented him     
greatly about this wig1 and used to tear
 it from his head2 but he soon succeeded
 in appeasing the public indignation1 by
 being always the first to throw the    
unhappy ornament in question up in the  
air1 calling it by every opprobrious    
epithet4 ,from that time he remained the
 least persecuted wig-wearer among the  
two or three who were in this           
predicament4  ,he now took lessons on   
the piano1 and in geography1 fencing1   
and dancing4 ,he imbibed the most       
invincible dislike to the latter1 which 
he attributed to the grimaces and       
extraordinary contortions of the master1
 a ,frenchman just arrived from ,paris4 
,he dates from this period that extreme 
hatred of the ,french nation which      
remained with him through life1 and     
which was one of the strangest features 
in his character4 ,his uncle died this  

year 7#agfc71 and as he was now         
fourteen1 the age at which1 by the laws 
of ,piedmont1 minors are freed from the 
care of their guardians1 and are placed 
under curators1 who leave them masters  
of their income1 and can only prevent   
the alienation of their real estates1 he
 found himself possessed of considerable
 property1 which was still farther      
increased by his uncle's fortune4       
,having obtained the degree of master of
 arts1 by passing a public examination  
in logic1 physics1 and geometry1 he was 
rewarded by being allowed to attend the 
riding-school1 a thing he had always    
ardently desired4 ,he became an expert  
horseman1 and attributes to this        
exercise the recovery of his health1    
which now rapidly improved4  ,having    
buried my uncle1 changed my guardian    
into a curator1 obtained my master's    
degree1 got rid of my attendant ,andrea1
 and mounted a steed1 it is incredible  
how proud ,i became4 ,i told the        
authorities plainly that ,i was sick of 

studying law1 and that ,i would not go  
on with it4 ,after a consultation1 they 
determined to remove me into the first  
apartment1 which ,i entered on the #hth 
,may1 #agfc4  ,he now led an extremely  
idle life1 being little looked after4 ,a
 crowd of flatterers1 the usual         
attendants upon wealth1 sprung up around
 him1 and he indulged in amusements and 
dissipations of every kind4 ,a temporary
 fit of industry1 which lasted for two  
or three months1 came over him1 and he  
plunged deeply into the thirty-six      
volumes of ,fleury's ,ecclesiastical    
,history4 ,soon1 however1 he resumed his
 old course1 and conducted himself so   
badly that the authorities found it     
necessary to place him under arrest1 and
 he remained for some months a prisoner 
in his own apartment1 obstinately       
refusing to make any apology1 and       
leading the life of a wild beast1 never 
putting on his clothes1 and spending    
most of his time in sleep4 ,he was at   
length released1 on the occasion of his 

sister ,giulia's marriage to the ,count 
,giacinto di ,cumiana1 in ,may1 #agfd4  
,on regaining his former position he    
bought his first horse1 and soon        
afterwards another1 on the pretence of  
its being delicate4 ,he next purchased  
two carriage horses1 and went on thus   
till in less than a year he had eight in
 his possession4 ,he also had an elegant
 carriage built for him1 but used it    
very seldom1 because his friends were   
obliged to walk1 and he shrunk from     
offending them by a display of          
ostentation4 ,his horses1 however1 were 
at the service of all1 and as his love  
for them could not excite any feelings  
of envy1 he took the greatest delight in
 them4  ,it was now that he first felt  
the symptoms of love1 excited by a lady 
who was the wife of an elder brother of 
some intimate friends of his1 to whom he
 was on a visit4 ,his transient passion1
 however1 soon passed away1 without     
leaving any trace behind it4 ,the period
 had now arrived for his leaving the    

academy1 and in ,may1 #agff1 he was     
nominated ensign in the provincial      
regiment of ,asti1 which met only twice 
a-year for a few days1 thus allowing    
ample opportunity for doing nothing2 the
 only thing1 he says1 he had made up his
 mind to do4 ,but he soon got tired of  
even this slight restraint4 ,i could not
 adapt myself to that chain of graduated
 dependence which is called             
subordination1 and which although the   
soul of military discipline1 could never
 be the soul of a future tragic poet4   
,he therefore obtained permission1      
though with great difficulty1 to        
accompany an ,english ,catholic tutor1  
who was about to visit ,rome and ,naples
 with two of his fellow-students4 ,he   
chooses this moment for commencing the  
epoch of youth1 which he describes as   
embracing ten years of travel and       
dissipation4  ,on reaching ,milan1 the  
travellers visited the ,ambrosian       
library4  ,here the librarian placed in 
my hands a manuscript of ,petrarch1 but1

 like a true ,goth1 ,i threw it aside1  
saying it was nothing to me4 ,the fact  
was1 ,i had a certain spite against the 
aforesaid ,petrarch2 for having met with
 a copy of his works some years before1 
when ,i was a philosopher1 ,i found on  
opening it at various places by chance  
that ,i could not understand the meaning
 in the least2 accordingly ,i joined    
with the ,french and other ignorant     
pretenders in condemning him1 and as ,i 
considered him a dull and prosy writer1 
,i treated his invaluable manuscript in 
the manner above described4  ,at this   
time he always spoke and wrote in       
,french1 and read nothing but ,french   
books4  ,as ,i knew still less of       
,italian1 ,i gathered the necessary     
fruit of my birth in an amphibious      
country1 and of the precious education  
,i had received4  ,they proceeded       
afterwards to ,florence1 ,rome1 and     
,naples4 ,at the latter place he        
obtained permission from his own court1 
through the intercession of the         

,sardinian minister1 to leave the tutor1
 and travel for the future alone4       
,attended only by his faithful servant  
,elia1 who had taken the place of the   
worthless ,andrea1 and for whom he felt 
a great affection1 he returned to ,rome1
 and had the honor of kissing the       
,pope's toe4 ,the pontiff's manner      
pleased him so much1 that he felt no    
repugnance to going through the         
ceremony1 although he had read ,fleury1 
and knew the real value of the aforesaid
 toe4  ,having obtained leave to travel 
for another year1 he determined to visit
 ,france1 ,england1 and ,holland4 ,he   
went first to ,venice1 and there was    
assailed by that melancholy1 ennui1 and 
restlessness1 peculiar to his character4
  ,i spent many days without leaving the
 house1 my chief employment being to    
stand at the window1 and make signs1 and
 hold brief dialogues with a young lady 
opposite2 the rest of the day ,i spent  
in sleeping1 in thinking of ,i know not 
what1 and generally crying1 ,i knew not 

why4  ,all through life he was subject  
to these periodical fits1 which came on 
every spring1 and materially influenced 
his powers of composition4  ,he         
proceeded afterwards to ,france1        
expecting to be delighted with ,paris2  
but on arriving there he found it so    
unlike what he had anticipated1 that he 
burst into a violent fit of passion at  
having made so much haste1 undergone so 
much fatigue1 and had his fancy excited 
to such a pitch of frenzy1 only to      
plunge into that filthy sewer1 as he    
calls it6 ,his anger is quite ludicrous2
 but he1 notwithstanding1 remained there
 five months1 during which time he was  
presented to ,louis ,,xv4 at            
,versailles1 but the cold reception he  
met with greatly annoyed him4  ,although
 ,i had been told that the king did not 
speak to ordinary foreigners1 and       
although ,i did not care much for his   
notice1 yet ,i could not swallow the    
,jove-like superciliousness of the      
monarch1 who surveyed from head to foot 

the people presented to him1 without    
appearing to receive the slightest      
impression4 ,it was as if somebody said 
to a giant1 ',i beg to present an ant to
 you2' and he were either to stare or to
 smile1 or to say1 it may be1 ',oh1 what
 a little creature6'  ,he was as much   
delighted with ,england as he had been  
disgusted with ,france4 ,he falls into  
perfect raptures when speaking of our   
national character and our national     
institutions1 and regrets that it was   
not in his power to remain here for     
ever4 ,in ,june1 #agfh1 he went to      
,holland1 and at the ,hague fell        
violently in love with the wife of a    
rich gentleman whom he knew4 ,when the  
lady was obliged to go into             
,switzerland1 he was thrown into such a 
state of frenzy that he attempted to    
commit suicide1 by tearing off the      
bandages from the place where he had had
 himself bled1 under pretence of        
illness4 ,his servant1 however1         
suspected his intentions1 and prevented 

him from carrying his resolution into   
effect4 ,he gradually recovered his     
spirits1 and determined to return to    
,italy4 ,on reaching ,turin1 he was     
seized by a desire to study4 ,the book  
in which he took most delight was       
,plutarch's ,lives3  ,some of these1    
such as ,timoleon1 ,csar1 ,brutus1      
,pelopidas1 and ,cato1 ,i read four or  
five times over1 with such transports of
 shouting1 crying1 and fury1 that any   
person in the next room must have       
thought me mad4 ,on reading any         
particular anecdotes of those great men1
 ,i used often to spring to my feet in  
the greatest agitation1 and quite beside
 myself1 shedding tears of grief and    
rage at seeing myself born in ,piedmont1
 and in an age and under a government   
where nothing noble could be said or    
done1 and where it was almost useless to
 think or to feel4  ,his brother-in-law 
now strongly urged him to marry1 and he 
consented1 although unwillingly1 that   
negotiations should be entered into on  

his behalf with the family of a young1  
noble1 and rich heiress1 whose beautiful
 black eyes would1 doubtless1 soon have 
driven ,plutarch out of his head4 ,the  
end1 however1 was that she married      
somebody else1 to ,alfieri's internal   
satisfaction4 ,had ,i been tied down by 
a wife and children1 the ,muses would   
certainly have bid me good bye4  ,the   
moment he felt himself free he          
determined to start again on his        
travels4 ,on reaching ,vienna1 the      
,sardinian minister offered to introduce
 him to ,metastasio2 but he cared       
nothing at that time for any ,italian   
author1 and1 moreover1 had taken a great
 dislike to the poet1 from having seen  
him make a servile genuflexion to the   
,empress ,maria ,theresa in the         
,imperial ,gardens at ,schnbrunn4 ,on   
entering the dominions of ,frederick the
 ,great1 he was made extremely indignant
 by the military despotism that reigned 
there4 ,when presented to the king he   
did not appear in uniform4  ,the        

minister asked me the reason of this1   
seeing that ,i was in the service of my 
own sovereign4 ,i replied1 ',because    
there are already enough uniforms here4'
 ,the king said to me his usual four    
words2 ,i watched him attentively1      
fixing my eyes respectfully on his1 and 
thanked ,heaven that ,i was not born his
 slave4  ,denmark1 ,sweden1 and ,russia1
 were then successively visited by him4 
,he had heard so much of the latter     
country1 that when he reached ,st4      
,petersburgh his expectations were      
wrought up to a great pitch4  ,but1     
alas6 no sooner did ,i set foot in this 
,asiatic encampment of tents1 than ,i   
called to mind ,rome1 ,genoa1 ,venice1  
and ,florence1 and began to laugh4 ,the 
longer ,i remained in the country1 the  
more were my first impressions          
confirmed1 and ,i left it with the      
precious conviction that it was not     
worth seeing4  ,he refused to be        
presented to the celebrated female      
autocrat1 ,catherine ,,ii41 whom he     

stigmatizes as a philosophical          
,clytemnestra4  ,he next visited        
,england for the second time1 arriving  
at the end of #aggj4 ,during his stay in
 ,london1 which lasted for seven months1
 he became involved in an affair which  
excited an extraordinary sensation at   
the time1 and which is even remembered  
by the scandal-mongers of the present   
day4 ,he formed the acquaintance of the 
wife of an officer of high rank in the  
,guards1 and this intimacy soon assumed 
a criminal character4 ,her husband1 a   
man of a very jealous temperament1      
suspected his wife's infidelity1 and had
 them watched4 ,on finding his          
suspicions confirmed1 he challenged     
,alfieri1 and they fought a duel with   
swords in the ,green ,park1 in which the
 future poet was wounded in the arm4    
,the husband pressed for a divorce1 and 
,alfieri announced his intention of     
marrying the lady as soon as she was    
free2 but1 to his horror1 she confessed 
to him one day1 what was already known  

to the public through the newspapers1   
although he was ignorant of it1 that    
before she knew him she had been engaged
 in an intrigue with a groom of her     
husband6 ,despite this discovery1 it was
 some time before his affection for her 
abated2 but at length1 on her announcing
 her determination to enter a convent in
 ,france1 he quitted her at ,rochester1 
and left this country himself almost    
immediately afterwards4 ,he went to     
,paris1 and there bought a collection of
 the principal ,italian poets and       
prose-writers in thirty-six volumes1    
which from that time became his         
inseparable companions1 although he did 
not make much use of them for two or    
three years4 ,however1 he now learned to
 know at least something of the six     
great luminaries1 ,dante1 ,petrarch1    
,ariosto1 ,tasso1 ,boccaccio1 and       
,machiavelli4  ,he next proceeded to    
,spain and ,portugal4 ,at ,lisbon he    
formed the acquaintance of the ,abate   
,tommaso di ,caluso1 younger brother of 

the ,sardinian minister4 ,the society of
 this distinguished man produced the    
most beneficial effect on him4 ,one     
evening1 when the ,abate was reading to 
him the fine ,ode to ,fortune of        
,alessandro ,guidi1 a poet whose name he
 had never even heard1 some of the      
stanzas produced such extraordinary     
transports in him1 that the former told 
him that he was born to write verses4   
,this sudden impulse of ,apollo1 as he  
calls it1 was however only a momentary  
flush1 which was soon extinguished1 and 
remained buried for a long time to come4
  ,he now bent his steps homewards1 and 
reached ,turin in ,may1 #aggb1 after an 
absence of three years4 ,he took a      
magnificent house in the ,piazza di ,san
 ,carlo1 furnished it sumptuously1 and  
commenced leading a merry life with     
about a dozen friends1 who formed a     
society1 which met at his house every   
week4 ,this ,society was governed by    
strict rules1 one of which was that all 
should contribute something in writing  

for their reciprocal amusement2 these   
contributions being placed in a chest1  
of which the president for the time     
being kept the key1 and read aloud by   
him at their meetings4 ,they were all   
written in ,french1 and ,alfieri        
mentions one of his which was very      
successful4 ,it described the ,deity at 
the last judgment demanding from every  
soul an account of itself1 and the      
characters he drew were all those of    
well-known individuals1 both male and   
female1 in ,turin4  ,it was not long    
before he fell in love for the third    
time1 the object of his passion now     
being a lady some years older than      
himself1 and of somewhat doubtful       
reputation4 ,for the space of nearly two
 years she exercised unbounded dominion 
over him4 ,feeling that he could not    
support the fetters of ,venus and of    
,mars at one and the same time1 he with 
some little difficulty obtained         
permission to throw up his commission in
 the army4  ,while attending at his     

mistress's bedside1 during an illness by
 which she was attacked in ,january1    
#agdd1 the idea first struck him of     
writing a dramatic sketch4 ,he wrote it 
without the slightest plan1 in the form 
of a dialogue between three persons1    
called respectively1 ,photinus1         
,lachesis1 and ,cleopatra4 ,he gives a  
specimen of it in a note1 and it is     
certainly not of the very highest order 
of merit4 ,on the recovery of the lady  
he placed it under the cushion of her   
couch1 where it remained forgotten for a
 year1 and thus were the first fruits of
 his tragic genius brooded over1 as it  
were1 by the lady and all who chanced to
 sit upon the couch4  ,at length he     
threw off the chains which had so long  
bound him4 ,the exertion was1 however1  
so great that he was actually obliged to
 get his servant ,elia to tie him to his
 chair1 that he might not quit the      
house4 ,when his friends came to see    
him1 he dropped his dressing gown over  
the bandages1 so that his forced        

imprisonment was not perceived4 ,his    
first appearance in public was at the   
carnival of #agge1 where he dressed     
himself up as ,apollo1 and recited at   
the public ball at the theatre a        
masquerade he had composed on the       
subject of love1 twanging a guitar      
vigorously all the time4 ,he was        
afterwards heartily ashamed of this     
freak1 which he wonders he could ever   
have been guilty of4 ,an ardent desire  
for glory now seized him1 and after some
 months spent in constant poetical      
studies1 and in fingering grammars and  
dictionaries1 he succeeded in producing 
his first tragedy2 which1 like the      
sketch already mentioned1 he entitled   
,cleopatra4 ,it was performed at ,turin1
 on the #afth ,june1 #agge1 at the      
,carignan ,theatre1 and was followed by 
a comic after-piece1 also written by    
him1 called ,the ,poets1 in which he    
introduced himself under the name of    
,giusippus1 and was the first to        
ridicule his own tragedy2 which1 he     

says1 differed from those of his        
poetical rivals1 inasmuch as their      
productions were the mature offspring of
 an erudite incapacity1 whilst his was  
the premature child of a not unpromising
 ignorance4 ,these two pieces were      
performed with considerable success for 
two successive evenings1 when he        
withdrew them from the stage1 ashamed at
 having so rashly exposed himself to the
 public4 ,he never considered this      
,cleopatra worthy of preservation1 and  
it is not published with his other      
works4 ,from this moment1 however1 he   
felt every vein swollen with the most   
burning thirst for real theatrical      
laurels1 and here terminates the epoch  
of ,youth and commences that of         
,manhood4  ,up to this point we have    
seen ,alfieri's character as formed by  
nature1 and before it was influenced by 
study1 or softened down by intercourse  
with the world4 ,we have seen him       
ardent1 restless beyond all belief1     
passionate1 oppressed by unaccountable  

melancholy1 acting under the toiling    
impulse of the moment1 whether in love  
or hate1 and1 what is of extreme        
disadvantage to him as respects the     
career he is about to enter upon1       
suffering from a deficient education4   
,we have now to see how he overcame all 
the obstacles arising from his natural  
character1 and from a youth wasted in   
idleness and dissipation2 and how he    
gradually won his way from victory to   
victory1 until he at length attained the
 noble and enviable eminence which is   
assigned to him by universal consent as 
the greatest1 we had almost said the    
only1 modern ,italian poet4  ,he        
describes the capital with which he     
commenced his undertaking as consisting 
in a resolute1 indomitable1 and         
extremely obstinate mind1 and a heart   
full to overflowing with every species  
of emotion1 particularly love1 with all 
its furies1 and a profound and ferocious
 hatred of tyranny4 ,to this was added a
 faint recollection of various ,french  

tragedies4 ,on the other hand1 he was   
almost entirely ignorant of the rules of
 tragic art1 and understood his own     
language most imperfectly4 ,the whole   
was enveloped in a thick covering of    
presumption1 or rather petulance1 and a 
violence of character so great as to    
render it most difficult for him to     
appreciate truth4 ,he considers these   
elements better adapted for forming a   
bad monarch than a good author4  ,he    
began by studying grammar vigorously2   
and his first attempt was to put into   
,italian two tragedies1 entitled        
,filippo and ,polinice1 which he had    
some time before written in ,french     
prose4 ,at the same time he read ,tasso1
 ,ariosto1 ,dante1 and ,petrarch1 making
 notes as he proceeded1 and occupying a 
year in the task4 ,he then commenced    
reading ,latin with a tutor2 and shortly
 afterwards went to ,tuscany in order to
 acquire a really good ,italian idiom4  
,he returned to ,turin in ,october1     
#aggf1 and there composed several       

sonnets1 having in the meantime made    
considerable progress with several of   
his tragedies4 ,the next year he again  
went to ,tuscany1 and on reaching       
,florence in ,october1 intending to     
remain there a month1 an event occurred 
which--to use his own words--fixed and  
enchained me there for many years2 an   
event which1 happily for me1 determined 
me to expatriate myself for ever1 and   
which by fastening upon me new1         
self-sought1 and golden chains1 enabled 
me to acquire that real literary        
freedom1 without which ,i should never  
have done any good1 if so be that ,i    
have done good4  ,charles ,edward1 the  
,young ,pretender1 was at that time     
residing in ,florence1 in company with  
his wife1 the ,countess of ,albany1     
whose maiden name was ,louisa ,stolberg1
 of the princely house of that name4    
,the following is ,alfieri's description
 of her3--  ,the sweet fire of her very 
dark eyes1 added 7a thing of rare       
occurrence7 to a very white skin and    

fair hair1 gave an irresistible         
brilliancy to her beauty4 ,she was      
twenty-five years of age1 was much      
attached to literature and the fine     
arts1 had an angelic temper1 and1 in    
spite of her wealth1 was in the most    
painful domestic circumstances1 so that 
she could not be as happy as she        
deserved4 ,how many reasons for loving  
her6  ,her husband appears to have been 
of a most violent and ungovernable      
temper1 and to have always treated her  
in the harshest manner4--,no wonder1    
then1 that an impassioned and           
susceptible nature like ,alfieri's      
should have been attracted by such      
charms6 ,a friendship of the closest and
 most enduring description ensued       
between them2 and although a certain air
 of mystery always surrounded the story 
of their mutual attachment1 there is no 
reason whatever to suppose that it      
partook in the slightest degree of a    
dishonorable character4  ,instead of    
finding his passion for the ,countess an

 obstacle to literary glory and useful  
occupations1 as had always been the case
 previously with him1 when under the    
influence of similar emotions1 he found 
that it incited and spurred him on to   
every good work1 and accordingly he     
abandoned himself1 without restraint1 to
 its indulgence4 ,that he might have no 
inducement to return to his own country1
 he determined to dissolve every tie    
that united him to it1 and with that    
intent made an absolute donation for    
life of the whole of his estates1 both  
in fee and freehold1 to his natural     
heir1 his sister ,giulia1 wife of the   
,count di ,cumiana4 ,he merely          
stipulated for an annual pension1 and a 
certain sum in ready money1 the whole   
amounting to about one-half of the value
 of his property4 ,the negotiations were
 finally brought to a conclusion in     
,november1 #aggh4 ,he also sold his     
furniture and plate which he had left in
 ,turin2 and1 unfortunately for himself1
 invested almost the whole of the money 

he now found himself possessed of in    
,french life annuities4 ,at one period  
of the negotiations he was in great fear
 lest he should lose every thing1 and   
revolved in his mind what profession he 
should adopt in case he should be left  
penniless4  ,the art that presented     
itself to me as the best for gaining a  
living by1 was that of a horse-breaker1 
in which ,i consider myself a           
proficient4 ,it is certainly one of the 
least servile1 and it appeared to me to 
be more compatible than any other with  
that of a poet1 for it is much easier to
 write tragedies in a stable than in a  
court4  ,he now commenced living in the 
simplest style1 dismissed all his       
servants1 save one2 sold or gave away   
all his horses1 and wore the plainest   
clothing4 ,he continued his studies     
without intermission1 and by the        
beginning of #aghb had nearly finished  
the whole of the twelve tragedies which 
he had from the first made up his mind  
to write1 and not to exceed4 ,these were

 entitled respectively ,filippo1        
,polinice1 ,antigone1 ,agamennone1      
,oreste1 ,don ,garzia1 ,virginia1 ,la   
,congiura de' ,pazzi1 ,maria ,stuarda1  
,ottavia1 ,timoleone and                
,rosmunda4--,happening1 however1 to read
 the ,merope of ,maffei1 then considered
 the best ,italian tragedy1 he felt so  
indignant1 that he set to work1 and very
 shortly produced his tragedy of that   
name1 which was soon followed by the    
,saul1 which is incomparably the finest 
of his works4  ,the ,countess had       
obtained permission at the end of #aghj 
to leave her husband1 in consequence of 
the brutal treatment she experienced at 
his hands1 and to retire to ,rome4 ,it  
was not long before ,alfieri followed   
her1 and took up his habitation there   
also4 ,at the end of #aghb1 his         
,antigone was performed by a company of 
amateurs--he himself being one--before  
an audience consisting of all the rank  
and fashion of ,rome4 ,its success was  
unequivocal1 and he felt so proud of his

 triumph1 that he determined to send    
four of his tragedies to press1 getting 
his friend ,gori1 at ,siena1 to         
superintend the printing2 and they were 
accordingly published4  ,the intimacy   
between ,alfieri and the ,countess now  
inflamed the anger of ,charles ,edward  
and his brother1 ,cardinal ,york1 to    
such a pitch1 that ,alfieri found it    
prudent to leave ,rome1 which he did in 
,may1 #aghc1 in a state of bitter       
anguish4 ,he first made pilgrimages to  
the tombs of ,dante1 ,petrarch1 and     
,ariosto1 at ,ravenna1 ,arqu1 and       
,ferrara2 at each of which he spent some
 time in dreaming1 praying1 and weeping1
 at the same time pouring forth a       
perfect stream of impassioned poetry4   
,on getting to ,siena1 he superintended 
personally the printing of six more of  
his tragedies1 and for the first time   
felt all the cares of authorship1 being 
driven nearly distracted by the sad     
realities of censors1 both spiritual and
 temporal1 correctors of the press1     

compositors1 pressmen1 c41 and the worry
 he experienced brought on a sharp      
attack of gout4 ,on recovering1 he      
determined to start off once more on his
 travels1 making as a plea his desire to
 purchase a stud of horses in ,england1 
his equestrian propensities having      
returned with violence4 ,he accordingly 
left his tragedies1 both published and  
unpublished1 to shift for themselves1   
and proceeded to ,england1 where1 in a  
few weeks1 he bought no less than       
fourteen horses4 ,that being the exact  
number of the tragedies he had written1 
he used to amuse himself by saying1 ,for
 each tragedy you have got a horse1 in  
reference to the punishment inflicted on
 naughty schoolboys in ,italy1 where the
 culprit is mounted on the shoulders of 
another boy1 while the master lays on   
the cane4  ,he experienced almost       
endless trouble and difficulty in       
conveying his acquisitions safely back  
to ,italy4 ,the account he gives of the 
passage of the ,alps by ,mount ,cenis1  

from ,lanslebourg to the ,novalese1 is  
really quite romantic2 and he compares  
himself to ,hannibal on the occasion1   
but says that if the passage of the     
latter cost him a great deal of vinegar1
 it cost him 7,alfieri7 no small        
quantity of wine1 as the whole party    
concerned in conveying the horses over  
the mountain1 guides1 farriers1 grooms1 
and adjutants1 drank like fishes4  ,on  
reaching ,turin1 he was present at a    
performance of his ,virginia at the same
 theatre where1 nine years before1 his  
early play of ,cleopatra had been acted4
 ,he shortly received intelligence that 
the ,countess had been permitted to     
leave ,rome and to go to ,switzerland4  
,he could not refrain from following    
her1 and accordingly rejoined her at    
,colmar1 a city of ,alsace1 after a     
separation of sixteen months4 ,the sight
 of her whom he loved so dearly again   
awakened his poetic genius1 and gave    
birth1 at almost one and the same       
moment1 to his three tragedies of       

,agide1 ,sofonisba1 and ,mirra1 despite 
his previous resolve to write no more4  
,when obliged to leave the ,countess1 he
 returned to ,italy1 but the following  
year again visited her1 remaining in    
,alsace when she proceeded to ,paris4   
,she happened to mention in a letter    
that she had been much pleased with     
seeing ,voltaire's ,brutus performed on 
the stage4 ,this excited his emulation4 
,what6 he exclaimed1 ,brutuses written  
by a ,voltaire8 ,i'll write ,brutuses1  
and two at once1 moreover1 time will    
show whether such subjects for tragedy  
are better adapted for me or for a      
plebeian-born ,frenchman1 who for more  
than sixty years subscribed himself     
,voltaire1 ,gentleman in ,ordinary to   
the ,king4 ,accordingly he set to work1 
and planned on the spot his ,bruto      
,primo and ,bruto ,secondo2 after which 
he once more renewed his vow to ,apollo 
to write no more tragedies4 ,about this 
period he also sketched his ,abel1 which
 he called by the whimsical title of a  

,tramelogedy4 ,he next went to ,paris1  
and made arrangements with the          
celebrated ,didot for printing the whole
 of his tragedies in six volumes4 ,on   
returning to ,alsace1 in company with   
the ,countess1 he was joined by his old 
friend the ,abate di ,caluso1 who       
brought with him a letter from his      
mother1 containing proposals for his    
marriage with a rich young lady of      
,asti1 whose name was not mentioned4    
,alfieri told the ,abate1 smilingly1    
that he must decline the proffered      
match1 and had not even the curiosity to
 inquire who the lady was4 ,shortly     
afterwards he was attacked by a         
dangerous illness1 which reduced him to 
the point of death4 ,on recovering1 he  
went with his friends to ,kehl1 and was 
so much pleased with the printing       
establishment of the well-known         
,beaumarchais1 that he resolved to have 
the whole of his works1 with the        
exception of his tragedies1 which were  
in ,didot's hands1 printed there2 and   

accordingly1 by ,august1 #aghi1 all his 
writings1 both in prose and poetry1 were
 printed4  ,in the mean time1 the       
,countess of ,albany had heard of the   
death of her husband1 which took place  
at ,rome1 on the #cast ,january1 #aghh4 
,this event set her entirely free1 and  
it is generally believed that she was   
shortly afterwards united in marriage to
 ,alfieri2 but the fact was never known1
 and to the last the poet preserved the 
greatest mystery on the subject4  ,paris
 now became their regular residence1 and
 it was not long before the             
revolutionary troubles commenced4 ,in   
,april1 #agia1 they determined to pay a 
visit to ,england1 where the ,countess  
had never been4 ,they remained here some
 months1 and on their embarking at      
,dover on their return1 ,alfieri chanced
 to notice among the people collected on
 the beach to see the vessel off1 the   
very lady1 his intrigue with whom twenty
 years before had excited so great a    
sensation4 ,he did not speak to her1 but

 saw that she recognized him4           
,accordingly1 on reaching ,calais1 he   
wrote to her to inquire into her present
 situation4 ,he gives her reply at full 
length in his ,memoirs4 ,it is in       
,french2 and we regret that its length  
precludes us from giving it here1 as it 
is a very remarkable production4 ,it    
indicates a decisive and inflexible     
firmness of character1 very unlike what 
is usually met with in her sex4  ,after 
visiting ,holland and ,belgium1 ,alfieri
 and the ,countess returned to ,paris4  
,in ,march1 #agib1 he received          
intelligence of his mother's death4 ,in 
the mean time the war with the emperor  
commenced1 and matters gradually got    
worse and worse4 ,alfieri witnessed the 
events of the terrible #ajth of ,august1
 when the ,tuileries was taken by the   
mob after a bloody conflict1 and ,louis 
,,xvi4 virtually ceased to reign4       
,seeing the great danger to which they  
would be exposed if they remained longer
 in ,paris1 they determined on a hasty  

flight2 and after procuring the         
necessary passports1 started on the     
#ahth of the same month4 ,they had a    
narrow escape on passing the barriers4  
,a mob of the lowest order insisted on  
their carriage being stopped1 and on    
their being conducted back to ,paris1   
exclaiming that all the rich were flying
 away1 taking their treasures with them1
 and leaving the poor behind in want and
 misery4 ,the few soldiers on the spot  
would have been soon overpowered2 and   
nothing saved the travellers except     
,alfieri's courage4 ,he at length       
succeeded in forcing a passage2 but     
there is little doubt that if they had  
been obliged to return1 they would have 
been thrown into prison1 in which case  
they would have been among the unhappy  
victims who were so barbarously murdered
 by the populace on the #b;d ,september4
  ,they reached ,calais in two days and 
a half1 having had to show their        
passports more than forty times4 ,they  
afterwards learned that they were the   

first foreigners who had escaped from   
,paris and from ,france after the       
catastrophe of the #ajth ,august4 ,after
 stopping some time at ,brussels1 they  
proceeded to ,italy1 and reached        
,florence in ,november4 ,that city      
remained ,alfieri's dwelling-place1     
nearly uninterruptedly1 from this moment
 to the period of his death4  ,in #agie1
 when he was forty-six years old1 a     
feeling of shame came over him at his   
ignorance of ,greek1 and he determined  
to master that language4 ,he applied    
himself with such industry to the task1 
that before very long he could read     
almost any ,greek author4 ,there are few
 instances on record of such an effort  
being made at so advanced a period of   
life4 ,yet1 perhaps1 a still more       
remarkable case than that of our poet is
 that of ,mehemet ,ali1 who did not     
learn to read or write till more than   
forty years of age4 ,his son1 ,ibrahim1 
never did even that4 ,at the same time  
that he was learning ,greek1 ,alfieri   

amused himself by writing satires1 of   
which he had completed seventeen by the 
end of #agig4 ,the fruit of his ,greek  
studies appeared in his tragedies of    
,alceste ,prima and ,alceste ,seconda1  
which he composed after reading         
,euripides' fine play of that name4 ,he 
calls these essays his final perjuries  
to ,apollo4 ,we have certainly seen him 
break his vow sufficiently often4 ,the  
twelve tragedies he pledged himself not 
to exceed had now grown to their present
 number of twenty-one1 besides the      
tramelogedy of ,abel4  ,he remained     
quietly and happily at ,florence till   
the ,french invasion in ,march1 #agii1  
when he and the ,countess retired to a  
villa in the country4 ,he marked his    
hatred of the ,french nation by writing 
his ,misogallo1 a miscellaneous         
collection in prose and verse of the    
most violent and indiscriminate abuse of
 ,france1 and every thing connected with
 it1 as its name imports4 ,on the       
evacuation of ,florence by the ,french  

in ,july1 they returned to the city1 but
 again left it on the second invasion in
 ,october1 #ahjj4 ,the ,french          
commander-in-chief wrote to ,alfieri1   
requesting the honor of the acquaintance
 of a man who had rendered such         
distinguished services to literature3   
but he told him in reply1 that if he    
wrote in his quality as ,commandant of  
,florence1 he would yield to his        
superior authority2 but that if it was  
merely as an individual curious to see  
him1 he must beg to be excused4  ,we now
 find him irresistibly impelled to try  
his hand at comedy1 and he accordingly  
wrote the six which are published with  
his other works4 ,they are entitled     
respectively1 ,l',uno1 ,i ,pochi1 ,il   
,troppo1 ,tre ,velene rimesta avrai     
l',antido1 ,la ,finestrina1 and ,il     
,divorzio4 ,the first four are political
 in their character1 and written in     
iambics1 like his tragedies4 ,the last  
is the only one that can be ranked with 
modern comedies4 ,sismondi truly        

remarks1 that in these dramas he        
exhibits the powers of a great satirist1
 not of a successful dramatist4  ,his   
health was by this time seriously       
impaired1 and he felt it necessary to   
cease entirely from his labors4 ,on the 
#hth ,december1 #ahjb1 he put the       
finishing stroke to his works1 and      
amused himself for the short remainder  
of his life in writing the conclusion of
 his ,memoirs4 ,feeling extremely proud 
at having overcome the difficulties of  
the ,greek language in his later years1 
he invented a collar1 on which were     
engraved the names of twenty-three      
ancient and modern poets1 and to which  
was attached a cameo representing       
,homer4 ,on the back of it he wrote the 
following distich3  ,greek3      ,auton 
poisas ,alphrios hippe ,homron          
,koiraniks timn lphane zeioteran1  which
 may be thus ,englished3      ,perchance
 ,alfieri made no great misnomer        
,when he dubb'd himself ,knight of the  
,order of ,homer4  ,with the account of 

this amusing little incident1 ,alfieri  
terminates the history of his life4 ,the
 date it bears is the #adth of ,may1    
#ahjc1 and on the #hth ,october of the  
same year he breathed his last1 in the  
fifty-fifth year of his age4 ,the       
particulars of his death are given in a 
letter addressed by the ,abate di       
,caluso to the ,countess of ,albany4 ,an
 attack of gout in the stomach was the  
immediate cause of it4 ,the delicate    
state of his health greatly accelerated 
the progress of the disease1 which was  
still further promoted by his insisting 
on proceeding with the correction of his
 works almost to the very last4 ,he was 
so little aware of his impending        
dissolution1 that he took a drive in a  
carriage on the #c;d ,october1 and tried
 to the last moment to starve his gout  
into submission4 ,he refused to allow   
leeches to be applied to his legs1 as   
the physicians recommended1 because they
 would have prevented him from walking4 
,at this period1 all his studies and    

labors of the last thirty years rushed  
through his mind2 and he told the       
,countess1 who was attending him1 that a
 considerable number of ,greek verses   
from the beginning of ,hesiod1 which he 
had only read once in his life1 recurred
 most distinctly to his memory4 ,his    
mortal agony came on so suddenly1 that  
there was not time to administer to him 
the last consolations of religion4 ,he  
was buried in the church of ,santa      
,croce at ,florence1 where already      
reposed the remains of ,machiavelli1 of 
,michael ,angelo1 and of ,galileo4 ,a   
monument to his memory1 the work of the 
great ,canova1 was raised over his ashes
 by direction of the ,countess of       
,albany4  ,such then was ,alfieri6 ,and 
may we not draw a moral from the story  
of his life as faintly and imperfectly  
shadowed forth in the preceding sketch8 
,does it not show us how we may overcome
 obstacles deemed by us insuperable1 and
 how we may seek to become something    
better than what we are8 ,the poet's    

name will go down to future ages as the 
idol of his countrymen2 may the         
beneficial effect produced by a mind    
like his upon the character and         
aspirations of the world be enduring6   
,from the ,dublin ,university ,magazine 
,,anecdotes ,,of ,,paganini4   ,paganini
 was in all respects a very singular    
being1 and an interesting subject to    
study4 ,his talents were by no means    
confined to his wonderful powers as a   
musician4 ,on other subjects he was well
 informed1 acute1 and conversible1 of   
bland and gentle manners1 and in        
society1 perfectly well bred4 ,all this 
contrasted strangely with the dark1     
mysterious stories which were bruited   
abroad1 touching some passages in his   
early life4 ,but outward semblance and  
external deportment are treacherous as  
quicksands1 when taken as guides by     
which to sound the real depths of human 
character4 ,lord ,byron remarks1 that   
his pocket was once picked by the       
civilest gentleman he ever conversed    

with1 and that by far the mildest       
individual of his acquaintance was the  
remorseless ,ali ,pacha of ,yanina4 ,the
 expressive lineaments of ,paganini told
 a powerful tale of passions which had  
been fearfully excited1 which might be  
roused again from temporary slumber1 or 
were exhausted by indulgence and        
premature decay1 leaving deep furrows to
 mark their intensity4 ,like the        
generality of his countrymen1 he looked 
much older than he was4 ,with them1 the 
elastic vigor of youth and manhood      
rapidly subside into an interminable and
 joyless old age1 numbering as many     
years but with far less both of physical
 and mental faculty1 to render them     
endurable1 than the more equally poised 
gradations of our northern clime4 ,it is
 by no means unusual to encounter a     
well-developed ,italian1 whiskered to   
the eyebrows1 and bearded like the pard1
 who tells you1 to your utter           
astonishment1 that he is scarcely       
seventeen1 when you have set him down   

from his appearance as1 at least1       
five-and-thirty4  ,the following extract
 from ,colonel ,montgomery ,maxwell's   
book of ,military ,reminiscences1       
entitled1 ,my ,adventures1 dated ,genoa1
 ,february #bbnd1 #ahae1 supplies the   
earliest record which has been given to 
the public respecting ,paganini1 and    
affords authentic evidence that some of 
the mysterious tales which heralded his 
coming were not without foundation4 ,he 
could scarcely have been at this time   
thirty years old4 ,talking of music1 ,i 
have become acquainted with the most    
outr1 most extravagant1 and strangest   
character ,i ever beheld1 or heard1 in  
the musical line4 ,he has just been     
emancipated from durance vile1 where he 
has been for a long time incarcerated on
 suspicion of murder4 ,his long figure1 
long neck1 long face1 and long forehead2
 his hollow and deadly pale cheek1 large
 black eye1 hooked nose1 and jet black  
hair1 which is long1 and more than half 
hiding his expressive1 ,jewish face2 all

 these rendered him the most            
extraordinary person ,i ever beheld4    
,there is something scriptural in the   
tout ensemble of the strange physiognomy
 of this uncouth and unearthly figure4  
,not that1 as in times of old1 he plays1
 as ,holy ,writ tells us1 on a          
ten-stringed instrument2 on the         
contrary1 he brings the most powerful1  
the most wonderful1 and the most        
heart-rending tones from one string4    
,his name is ,paganini2 he is very      
improvident and very poor4 ,the ,d----s1
 and the ,impressario of the theatre got
 up a concert for him the other night1  
which was well attended1 and on which   
occasion he electrified the audience4   
,he is a native of ,genoa1 and if ,i    
were a judge of violin playing1 ,i would
 pronounce him the most surprising      
performer in the world6  ,that ,paganini
 was either innocent of the charge for  
which he suffered the incarceration     
,colonel ,maxwell mentions1 or that it  
could not be proved against him1 may be 

reasonably inferred from the fact that  
he escaped the gallies of the           
executioner4 ,in ,italy1 there was then1
 par excellence 7whatever there may be  
now71 a law for the rich1 and another   
for the poor4 ,as he was without money1 
and unable to buy immunity1 it is       
charitable to suppose he was entitled to
 it from innocence4 ,a nobleman1 with a 
few zecchini1 was in little danger of   
the law1 which confined its practice    
entirely to the lower orders4 ,i knew a 
,sicilian prince1 who most wantonly blew
 a vassal's brains out1 merely because  
he put him in a passion4 ,the case was  
not even inquired into4 ,he sent half a 
dollar to the widow of the defunct      
7which1 by the way1 he borrowed from me1
 and never repaid71 and there the matter
 ended4 ,lord ,nelson once suggested to 
,ferdinand ,,iv4 of ,naples1 to try and 
check the daily increase of             
assassination1 by a few salutary        
executions4 ,no1 no1 replied old        
,nasone1 who was far from being as great

 a fool as he looked1 that is           
impossible4 ,if ,i once began that      
system1 my kingdom would soon be        
depopulated4 ,one half my subjects would
 be continually employed in hanging the 
remainder4  ,among other peculiarities1 
,paganini was an incarnation of avarice 
and parsimony1 with a most contradictory
 passion for gambling4 ,he would haggle 
with you for sixpence1 and stake a      
rouleau on a single turn at rouge et    
noir4 ,he screwed you down in a bargain 
as tightly as if you were compressed in 
a vice2 yet he had intervals of         
liberality1 and sometimes did a generous
 action4 ,in this he bore some          
resemblance to the celebrated ,john     
,elwes1 of miserly notoriety1 who       
deprived himself of the common          
necessaries of life1 and lived on a     
potato skin1 but sometimes gave a check 
for #ajj to a public charity1 and       
contributed largely to private          
subscriptions4 ,i never heard that      
,paganini actually did this1 but once or

 twice he played for nothing1 and sent a
 donation to the ,mendicity1 when he was
 in ,dublin4  ,when he made his         
engagement with me1 we mutually agreed  
to write no orders1 expecting the house 
to be quite full every night1 and both  
being aware that the sons of freedom1   
while they add nothing to the exchequer1
 seldom assist the effect of the        
performance4 ,they are not given to     
applaud vehemently2 or1 as ,richelieu   
observes1 in the right places4 ,what we 
can get for nothing we are inclined to  
think much less of than that which we   
must purchase4 ,he who invests a        
shilling will not do it rashly1 or      
without feeling convinced that value    
received will accrue from the risk4 ,the
 man who pays is the real enthusiast2 he
 comes with a pre-determination to be   
amused1 and his spirit is exalted       
accordingly4 ,paganini's valet surprised
 me one morning1 by walking into my     
room1 and with many eccellenzas and     
gesticulations of respect1 asking me to 

give him an order4 ,i said1 ,why do you 
come to me8 ,apply to your master--won't
 he give you one8 ,oh1 yes2 but ,i don't
 like to ask him4 ,why not8 ,because    
he'll stop the amount out of my wages6  
,my heart relented2 ,i gave him the     
order1 and paid ,paganini the dividend4 
,i told him what it was1 thinking1 as a 
matter of course1 he would return it4   
,he seemed uncertain for a moment1      
paused1 smiled sardonically1 looked at  
the three and sixpence1 and with a      
spasmodic twitch1 deposited it in his   
own waistcoat pocket instead of mine4   
,voltaire says1 no man is a hero to his 
valet de chambre1 meaning1 thereby1 as  
,i suppose1 that being behind the scenes
 of every-day life1 he finds out that   
,marshal ,saxe1 or ,frederick the       
,great1 is as subject to the common     
infirmities of our nature1 as ,john     
,nokes or ,peter ,styles4 ,whether      
,paganini's squire of the body looked on
 his master as a hero in the vulgar     
acceptation of the word1 ,i cannot say1 

but in spite of his stinginess1 which he
 writhed under1 he regarded him with    
mingled reverence and terror4 ,a strange
 person1 your master1 observed ,i4      
,signor1 replied the faithful ,sancho   
,panza1 e veramente grand uomo1 ma da   
non potersi comprendere4 ,he is truly a 
great man1 but quite incomprehensible4  
,it was edifying to observe the awful   
importance with which ,antonio bore the 
instrument nightly intrusted to his     
charge to carry to and from the theatre4
 ,he considered it an animated          
something1 whether demon or angel he was
 unable to determine1 but this he firmly
 believed1 that it could speak in actual
 dialogue when his master pleased1 or   
become a dumb familiar by the same      
controlling volition4 ,this especial    
violin was ,paganini's inseparable      
companion4 ,it lay on his table before  
him as he sat meditating in his solitary
 chamber2 it was placed by his side at  
dinner1 and on a chair within his reach 
when in bed4 ,if he woke1 as he         

constantly did1 in the dead of night1   
and the sudden estro of inspiration     
seized him1 he grasped his instrument1  
started up1 and on the instant          
perpetuated the conception which        
otherwise he would have lost for ever4  
,this marvellous ,cremona1 valued at    
four hundred guineas1 ,paganini1 on his 
death-bed1 gave to ,de ,kontski1 his    
nephew and only pupil1 himself an       
eminent performer1 and in his possession
 it now remains4  ,when ,paganini was in
 ,dublin1 at the musical festival of    
#ahcj1 the ,marquis of ,anglesea1 then  
,lord ,lieutenant of ,ireland1 came     
every night to the concerts at the      
theatre1 and was greatly pleased with   
his performance4 ,on the first evening1 
between the acts1 his ,excellency       
desired that he might be brought round  
to his box1 to be introduced1 and paid  
him many compliments4 ,lord ,anglesea   
was at that time residing in perfect    
privacy with his family at ,sir         
,harcourt ,lee's country house1 near    

,blackrock1 and expressed a wish to get 
an evening from the great violinist1 to 
gratify his domestic circle4 ,the       
negotiation was rather a difficult one1 
as ,paganini was1 of all others1 the man
 who did nothing in the way of business 
without an explicit understanding1 and a
 clearly-defined con-si-de-ra-tion4 ,he 
was alive to the advantages of honor1   
but he loved money with a paramount     
affection4 ,i knew that he had received 
enormous terms1 such as #aej and #bjj   
for fiddling at private parties in      
,london1 and ,i trembled for the        
vice-regal purse2 but ,i undertook to   
manage the affair1 and went to work     
accordingly4 ,the aid-de-camp in waiting
 called with me on ,paganini1 was       
introduced in due form1 and handed him a
 card of invitation to dinner1 which1 of
 course1 he received and accepted with  
ceremonious politeness4 ,soon after the 
officer had departed1 he said suddenly1 
,this is a great honor1 but am ,i       
expected to bring my instrument8 ,oh1   

yes1 ,i replied1 as a matter of         
course--the ,lord ,lieutenant's family  
wish to hear you in private4 ,caro      
amico1 rejoined he1 with petrifying     
composure1 ,paganini con violino e      
,paganini senza violino1--ecco due      
animali distinti4 ,paganini with his    
fiddle and ,paganini without it are two 
very different persons4 ,i knew         
perfectly what he meant1 and said1 ,the 
,lord ,lieutenant is a nobleman of      
exalted rank and character1 liberal in  
the extreme1 but he is not ,croesus2 nor
 do ,i think you could with any         
consistency receive such an honor as    
dining at his table1 and afterwards send
 in a bill for playing two or three     
tunes in the evening4 ,he was staggered1
 and asked1 ,what do you advise8 ,i     
said1 ,don't you think a present1 in the
 shape of a ring1 or a snuff-box1 or    
something of that sort1 with a short    
inscription1 would be a more agreeable  
mode of settlement8 ,he seemed tickled  
by this suggestion1 and closed with it  

at once4 ,i dispatched the intelligence 
through the proper channel1 that the    
violin and the grand maestro would both 
be in attendance4 ,he went in his very  
choicest mood1 made himself extremely   
agreeable1 played away1 unsolicited1    
throughout the evening1 to the delight  
of the whole party1 and on the following
 morning a gold snuff-box was duly      
presented to him1 with a few            
complimentary words engraved on the lid4
  ,a year or two after this1 when       
,paganini was again in ,england1 ,i     
thought another engagement might be     
productive1 as his extraordinary        
attraction appeared still to increase4  
,i wrote to him on the subject1 and soon
 received a very courteous              
communication1 to the effect1 that      
although he had not contemplated        
including ,ireland in his tour1 yet he  
had been so impressed by the urbanity of
 the ,dublin public1 and had moreover   
conceived such a personal esteem for my 
individual character1 that he might be  

induced to alter his plans1 at some     
inconvenience1 provided always ,i could 
make him a more enticing proposal than  
the former one4 ,i was here completely  
puzzled1 as on that occasion ,i gave him
 a clear two-thirds of each receipt1    
with a bonus of twenty-five pounds per  
night in addition1 for two useless      
coadjutors4 ,i replied1 that having duly
 deliberated on his suggestion1 and     
considered the terms of our last        
compact1 ,i saw no possible means of    
placing the new one in a more alluring  
shape1 except by offering him the entire
 produce of the engagement4 ,after ,i   
had dispatched my letter1 ,i repented   
bitterly1 and was terrified lest he     
should think me serious1 and hold me to 
the bargain2 but he deigned no answer1  
and this time ,i escaped for the fright 
,i had given myself4 ,when in ,london1  
,i called to see him1 and met with a    
cordial reception2 but he soon alluded  
to the late correspondence1 and half    
seriously said1 ,that was a curious     

letter you wrote to me1 and the joke    
with which you concluded it by no means 
a good one4 ,oh1 said ,i1 laughing1 it  
would have been much worse if you had   
taken me at my word4 ,he then laughed   
too1 and we parted excellent friends4 ,i
 never saw him again4 ,he returned to   
the ,continent1 and died1 having        
purchased the title of ,baron1 with a   
patent of nobility1 from some foreign   
potentate1 which1 with his accumulated  
earnings1 somewhat dilapidated by       
gambling1 he bequeathed to his only son4
 ,paganini was the founder of his       
school1 and the original inventor of    
those extraordinary tours de force with 
which all his successors and imitators  
are accustomed to astonish the          
uninitiated4 ,but he still stands at the
 head of the list1 although eminent     
names are included in it1 and is not    
likely to be pushed from his pedestal4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,julius ,cornet of ,hamburgh understands
 thirty-eight different languages1 not  

in the superficial manner of ,elihu     
,burritt1 but so well that he is able to
 write them with correctness1 and to    
make translations from one into the     
other4 ,he has issued a circular to the 
,german public1 offering his services as
 a universal translator1 and refers to  
some of the most prominent publishers of
 ,leipsic1 whom he has many years served
 in that capacity4     ,,biography ,,of 
,,french ,,journalists4   ,fraser's     
magazine contains a reviewal of         
,texier's new book on the ,paris        
journals and editors1 from which we copy
 the following paragraphs3   ,,the      
,d,,bats4  ,the ,dbats is chiefly read  
by wealthy landed proprietors1 public   
functionaries1 the higher classes of the
 magistracy1 the higher classes of      
merchants and manufacturers1 by the     
agents de change1 barristers1 notaries1 
and what we in ,england would call      
country gentlemen4 ,its circulation we  
should think #aj1jjj4 ,if it circulate  
#ab1jjj now1 it certainly must have     

considerably risen since #ahdi4  ,the   
chief editor of the ,dbats is ,armand   
,bertin4 ,he was brought up in the      
school of his father1 and is now about  
fifty years of age1 or probably a little
 more4 ,m4 ,bertin is a man of esprit1  
and of literary tastes1 with the habits1
 feelings1 and demeanor of a well-bred  
gentleman4 ,of an agreeable and facile  
commerce1 the editor of the ,dbats is a 
man of elegant and ,epicurean habits2   
but does not allow his luxurious tastes 
to interfere with the business of this  
nether world4 ,according to ,m4 ,texier1
 he reads with his own proprietary and  
editorial eyes all the voluminous       
correspondence of the office on his     
return from the salon in which he has   
been spending the evening4 ,if in the   
forenoon there is any thing of          
importance to learn in any quarter of   
,paris1 ,m4 ,bertin is on the scent1 and
 seldom fails to run down his game4 ,at 
a certain hour in the day he appears in 
the ,rue des ,prtres1 in which the      

office of the ,dbats is situate1 and    
there assigns to his collaborators their
 daily task4 ,the compiler of the volume
 before us1 who1 as we stated1 is       
himself connected with the ,parisian    
press1 writing in the ,sicle1 and who1  
it may therefore be supposed1 has had   
good opportunities for information1     
states that1 previous to the passing of 
the ,tinguy law1 ,m4 ,bertin never wrote
 in his own journal1 but contented      
himself with giving to the products of  
so many pens the necessary homogeneity4 
,but be this as it may1 it is certain he
 has often written since the law        
requires the signature obligatoire4     
,under the ,monarchy of the ,barricades 
the influence of ,m4 ,bertin was most   
considerable1 yet he only used this     
influence to obtain orders and          
decorations for his contributors4 ,as to
 himself1 to his honor and glory be it  
stated1 that he never stuck the smallest
 bit of riband to his own buttonhole1   
or1 during the seventeen years of the   

monarchy of ,july1 ever once put his    
feet inside the ,tuileries4 ,at the     
,italian ,opera or the ,varits1         
sometimes at the ,caf de ,paris1 the    
,maison ,dore1 or the ,trois ,frres1 ,m4
 ,bertin may be seen enjoying the music1
 or his dinner and wine1 but never was  
he a servile courtier or                
trencher-follower of the ,monarch of the
 ,barricades4 ,it is after these        
enjoyments1 or after his petit souper1  
that ,m4 ,bertin proceeds for the last  
time for the day1 or rather the night1  
to the office of the paper4 ,there      
shutting himself up in his cabinet1 he  
calls for proofs1 reads them1 and when  
he has seen every thing1 and corrected  
every thing1 he then gives the final and
 authoritative order to go to press1 and
 towards two o'clock in the morning     
turns his steps homeward4 ,m4 ,bertin1  
says our author with some malice1       
belongs to that class of corpulent men  
so liked by ,csar and ,louis ,phillippe4
 ,personally1 ,m4 ,bertin has no        

reverence for what is called nobility1  
either ancient or modern4 ,he is of the 
school of ,chausse d',antin1 which would
 set the rich and intelligent middle    
classes in the places formerly occupied 
by ,messieurs les ,grands ,seigneurs4   
,the ablest man1 connected with the     
,dbats1 or indeed1 at this moment1 with 
the press of ,france1 is ,m4 ,,de       
,,sacy4 ,de ,sacy is an advocate by     
profession1 and pleaded in his youth    
some causes with considerable success4  
,at a very early period of his          
professional existence he allied himself
 with the ,dbats4 ,his articles are     
distinguished by ease and flow1 yet by a
 certain gravity and weight1 which is   
divested1 however1 of the disgusting    
doctoral tone4 ,he is1 in truth1 a solid
 and serious writer1 without being in   
the least degree heavy4 ,political men  
of the old school read his papers with  
pleasure1 and most foreigners may read  
them with profit and instruction4 ,m4 de
 ,sacy is a simple1 modest1 and retiring

 gentleman1 of great learning1 and a    
taste and tact very uncommon for a man  
of so much learning4 ,though he has been
 for more than a quarter of a century   
influentially connected with the ,dbats1
 and has1 during eighteen or twenty     
years of the period1 had access to men  
in the very highest positions--to       
ministers1 ambassadors1 to the sons of a
 king1 and even to the late king        
himself1 it is much to his credit that  
he has contented himself with a paltry  
riband and a modest place1 as           
,conservateur de la ,bibliothque        
,mazarine4 ,m4 de ,sacy belongs to a    
,jansenist family4 ,apropos of this1 ,m4
 ,texier tells a pleasant story         
concerning him4 ,a ,roman ,catholic     
writer addressing him one day in the    
small gallery reserved for the          
journalist at the ,chamber of ,deputies1
 said1 ,you are a man1 ,m4 de ,sacy1 of 
too much cleverness1 and of too much    
honesty1 not to be one of us1 sooner or 
later4 ,not a bit of it1 replied        

promptly ,m4 de ,sacy2 je veux vivre et 
mourir avec un pied dans le doute et    
l'autre dans la foi4  ,,saint-,,marc    
,,girardin is certainly1 next to ,de    
,sacy1 the most distinguished writer    
connected with the ,dbats4 ,he was      
originally a matre d'tude at the        
,college of ,henry ,,iv41 and sent one  
fine morning an article to the ,dbats1  
which produced a wonderful sensation4   
,the article was without name or        
address2 but old ,bertin so relished and
 appreciated it1 that he was not to be  
foiled in finding out the author4 ,an   
advertisement was inserted on the       
following day1 requesting the writer to 
call at the editor's study1 when ,m4    
,saint-,marc ,girardin was attached as a
 regular soldat de plume to the         
establishment--a profitable engagement1 
which left him at liberty to leave his  
miserable mtier of matre d'tude4 ,the   
articles written in #ahcd against the   
,emperor of ,russia and the ,russian    
system were from the pen of ,m4         

,girardin4--,the matre d'tude of former 
days became professor at the ,college of
 ,france--became deputy1 and exhibited  
himself1 able writer and dialectician as
 he was and is1 as a mediocre speaker1  
and ultimately became academician and un
 des quarante4  ,another distinguished  
writer in the ,dbats is ,michel         
,chevalier4 ,chevalier is an lve of the 
,polytechnic ,school1 who originally    
wrote in the ,globe4 ,when editor and   
grant of the ,globe1 he was condemned to
 six months' imprisonment for having    
developed in that journal the principles
 of ,st4 ,simonianism4 ,before the      
expiration of his sentence he was       
appointed by the ,government to a sort  
of travelling commission to ,america2   
and from that country he addressed a    
series of memorable letters to the      
,dbats1 which produced at the time      
immense effect4 ,since that period1     
,chevalier was appointed ,professor of  
,political ,economy at the ,college of  
,france1 a berth from whence he was     

removed by ,carnot1 ,minister of ,public
 ,instruction1 but afterwards reinstated
 by subsequent ministers4 ,chevalier1   
though an able man1 is yet more of an   
economic writer than a political        
disquisitionist4 ,his brother ,augustus 
is ,secretary-general of the ,elyse4    
,among the other contributors are       
,,philarete ,,chasles1 an excellent     
classical scholar1 and a man well       
acquainted with ,english literature2    
,cuvillier ,fleury1 unquestionably a man
 of taste and talent2 and the celebrated
 ,jules ,janin4 ,the productions of the 
latter as a feuilletoniste are so well  
known that we do not stop to dwell upon 
them4 ,janin is not without merit1 and  
he is highly popular with a certain     
class of writers3 but his articles after
 all1 apart from the circumstances of   
the day1 are but a rechauff of the style
 of ,marivaux4   ,,the                  
,,constitutionnel4  ,the history of the 
,constitutionnel follows that of the    
,dbats4 ,the ,dbats1 says ,m4 ,texier1  

is ingenious1 has tact without          
enthusiasm1 banters with taste1 and     
scuds before the wind with a grace which
 only belongs to a fin voilier--to a    
fast sailing clipper4 ,but1 on the other
 hand1 none of these qualities are found
 in the ,constitutionnel1 which1 though 
often hot1 and not seldom vehement and  
vulgar1 is almost uniformly heavy4 ,for 
three-and-thirty years--that is to say1 
from #ahae to #ahdh--the                
,constitutionnel traded in ,voltairien  
principles1 in vehement denunciations of
 the ,parti ,prtre and of the ,jesuits1 
and in the intrigues of the emigrants   
and royalist party quand mme4 ,for many 
years the literary giant of this        
,titanic warfare was ,etienne1 who had  
been in early life secretary to ,maret1 
duke of ,bassano1 himself a mediocre    
journalist1 though an excellent reporter
 and stenographer4 ,etienne was a man of
 esprit and talent1 who had commenced   
his career as a writer in the ,minerve  
,franaise4 ,in this miscellany1 his     

letters on ,paris acquired as much vogue
 as his comedies4 ,about #ahah1 ,etienne
 acquired a single share in the         
,constitutionnel1 and after a year's    
service became impregnated with the air 
of the ,rue ,montmartre--with the spirit
 of the genius loci4 ,when one has been 
some time writing for a daily newspaper1
 this result is sure to follow4 ,one    
gets habituated to set phrases--to pet  
ideas--to the traditions of the         
locality--to the prejudices of the      
readers1 political or religious1 as the 
case may be4 ,independently of this1 the
 daily toil of newspaper writing is     
such1 and so exhausting1 that a man     
obliged to undergo it for any length of 
time is glad occasionally to find refuge
 in words without ideas1 which have     
occasionally much significancy with the 
million1 or in topics on which the      
public love to dwell fondly4 ,under the 
reign of ,louis ,,xviii4 and ,charles   
,x4 it lost no opportunity1 by          
indirection and innuendo1 of hinting at 

the ,petit ,caporal1 and this           
circumstance during the life of the     
emperor1 and long after his death1      
caused the journal to be adored--that is
 really the word--by the old army1 by   
the vieux de vieille1 and by the durs   
cuirs4 ,in these good old bygone times  
the writers in the ,constitutionel wore 
a blue frock closely buttoned up to the 
chin1 to the end that they might pass   
for officers of the old army on         
half-pay4 ,in #ahcj the fortunes of the 
,constitutionnel had reached the        
culminant point4 ,it then counted       
#bc1jjj subscribers1 at #hj francs a    
year4 ,at that period a single share in 
the property was a fortune4 ,but the    
avatar of the ,citizen ,king spoiled in 
a couple of years the sale of the       
citizen journal4 ,the truth is1 that the
 heat of the ,revolution of ,july had   
engendered and incubated a multitude of 
journals1 great and little1 bounding    
with young blood and health--journals   
whose editors and writers did not desire

 better sport than to attack the        
,constitutionnel at right and at left1  
and to tumble the dear1 fat1 rubicund1  
old gentleman1 head over heels4 ,among  
these was the ,charivari1 which         
incontinently laughed at the whole      
system of the establishment1 from the   
crapulous1 corpulent1 and ,voltairien   
,etienne1 down to the lowest printer's  
devil4 ,the metaphors1 the puffs1       
canards1 the rclames1 c4 of the         
,constitutionnel were treated           
mercilessly and as nothing--not even    
,religion itself can stand the test of  
ridicule among so mocking a people as   
the ,french2 the result was1 that the   
,constitutionnel diminished wonderfully 
in point of circulation4 ,yet the old   
man wrote and spoke well1 and had1 from 
#ahbd to #ahbi1 as an ally the sharp and
 clever ,thiers1 and the better read1   
the better informed1 and the more       
judicious ,mignet4 ,it was during the   
,vitelle administration that the        
,constitutionnel attained the very      

highest acme of its fame4 ,it was then  
said to have had #cj1jjj subscribers1   
and to have maintained them with the cry
 of ,down with the ,jesuits6 ,in        
#ahbg-bh1 during its palmiest days1 the 
,constitutionnel had no ,roman          
feuilleton4 ,it depended then on its    
leading articles1 nor was it till its   
circulation declined1 in #ahdc1 to about
 #cejj1 that the proprietors determined 
to reduce the price one-half4 ,they     
then1 too1 adopted the ,roman           
feuilleton1 giving as much as #ejj      
francs for an article of this kind to   
,dumas or ,sue4 ,from #ahde or #ahdf to 
#ahdh1 the ,consitutionnel had most able
 contributors of leading articles2      
,thiers1 ,de ,remusat1 and ,duvergier   
d',hauranne1 having constantly written  
in its columns4 ,the circulation of the 
journal was then said to amount to      
#bd1jjj4 ,when the ,constitutionnel     
entered into the hands of its present   
proprietor1 ,docteur ,louis ,veron1 it  
was said to be reduced to #cjjj         

subscribers4 ,how many subscribers it   
has now we have no very accurate means  
of knowing1 but we should say1 at a     
rough guess1 it may have #ijjj or       
#aj1jjj4 ,it should be remembered1 that 
from being an anti-sacerdotal journal it
 has become a priests' paper and the    
organ of priests2 from being an opponent
 of the executive1 it has become the    
organ and the apologist of the executive
 in the person of ,m4 ,l4 ,n4           
,buonaparte1 and the useful instrument1 
it is said1 of ,m4 ,achille ,fould4     
,every body knows1 says ,m4 ,texier1    
with abundant malice prepense1 that ,dr4
 ,veron1 the chief editor of the        
,constitutionnel1 has declared that     
,france may henceforth place her head on
 the pillow and go quietly to sleep1 for
 the doctor confidently answers for the 
good faith and wisdom of the president4 
,but who is ,,doctor ,,veron1 the       
editor-in-chief1 when one finds his     
excellency chezelle8 ,the ingenuous son 
of ,esculapius tells us himself that he 

has known the coulisses 7the phrase is a
 queer one7 of science1 of the arts1 of 
politics1 and even of the opera4 ,it    
appears1 however1 that the dear doctor  
is the son of a stationer of the ,rue du
 ,bac1 who began his career by studying 
medicine4 ,if we are to believe himself1
 his career was a most remarkable one4  
,in #ahba he was received what is called
 an interne of the ,htel ,dieu4 ,after  
having walked the hospitals1 he enrolled
 himself in the ,catholic and ,apostolic
 ,society of 'bonnes lettres1'          
collaborated with the writers in the    
,quotidienne1 and1 thanks to ,royalist  
patronage1 was named physician-in-chief 
of the ,royal ,museums4 ,whether any of 
the groups in the pictures of ,rubens1  
,salvator ,rosa1 ,teniers1 ,claude1 or  
,poussin--whether any of the ,torsos of 
,praxiteles1 or even of a more modern   
school1 required the assiduous care or  
attention of a skilful physician1 we do 
not pretend to state4 ,but we repeat    
that the practice of ,dr4 ,veron1       

according to ,m4 ,texier1 was confined  
to these dumb yet not inexpressive      
personages4 ,in feeling the pulse of the
 ,venus de ,medici1 or looking at the   
tongue of the ,laocoon1 or the ,apollo  
,belvidere1 it is said the chief1 if not
 the only practice of ,dr4 ,louis ,veron
 consisted4 ,true1 the doctor invented a
 pte pectorale1 approved by all the     
emperors and kings in ,europe1 and very 
renowned1 too1 among the commonalty2 but
 so did ,dr4 ,solomon1 of ,gilead       
,house1 near ,liverpool1 invent a balm  
of ,gilead1 and ,mrs4 ,cockle invent    
anti-bilious pills1 taken by many of the
 judges1 a majority of the bench of     
bishops1 and some admirals of the blue1 
and general officers without number1 yet
 we have never heard that ,moses        
,solomon or ,tabitha ,cockle were       
renowned in the practice of physic1     
notwithstanding the said ,gilead and the
 before-mentioned pills4 ,be this1      
however1 as it may1 ,veron1 after having
 doctored the pictures and statues1 and 

patepectoraled the ,emperor1 the ,pope1 
the ,grand ,turk1 the ,imaum of ,muscat1
 the ,shah of ,persia1 and the ,great   
,mogul himself1 next established the    
,review of ,paris1 which in its turn he 
abandoned to become the director of the 
,opera4 ,tired of the ,opera after four 
or five years' service1 the doctor      
became a candidate of the dynastic      
opposition at ,brest4 ,this was the     
artful dodge before the ,revolution of  
,july #ahdh1 if we may thus translate an
 untranslateable phrase of the doctor's4
 ,at ,brest the professor of the healing
 art failed1 and the consequence was1   
that instead of being a deputy he became
 the proprietor of the ,constitutionnel4
 ,fortunate man that he is6 ,in ,robert 
le ,diable at the ,opera1 which he would
 not at first have at any price1 the son
 of ,esculapius found the principal     
source of his fortune1 and by the ,juif 
,errant of ,eugne ,sue1 for which he    
gave #ajj1jjj francs1 he saved the      
,constitutionnel from perdition4        

,apropos of this matter1 there is a     
pleasant story abroad4 ,when ,veron     
purchased the ,constitutionnel1 ,thiers 
was writing his ,histoire du ,consulat1 
for which the booksellers had agreed to 
give #ejj1jjj francs4 ,veron wished to  
have the credit of publishing the book  
in the ,constitutionnel1 and with this  
view waited on ,thiers1 offering to pay 
down1 argent comptant1 one-half the     
money4 ,thiers1 though pleased with the 
proposition1 yet entrenched himself     
behind his engagement with the          
booksellers4 ,to one of the leading     
booksellers ,veron trotted off          
post-haste1 and opened the business4    
,oh6 said the sensible publisher1 you   
have mistaken your coup altogether4 ,how
 so8 said the doctor4 ,don't you see1   
said the ,libraire ,editeur1 that the   
rage is ,eugne ,sue1 and that the ,dbats
 and the ,presse are at fistycuffs to   
obtain the next novelty of the author of
 the ,mystres de ,paris8 ,go you and    
offer as much again for this novel1     

whatever it may be1 as either the one or
 other of them1 and the fortune of the  
,constitutionnel is made4 ,the doctor   
took the advice1 and purchased the next 
novelty of ,sue at #ajj1jjj francs4     
,this turned out to be the ,juif        
,errant1 which raised the circulation of
 the ,constitutionnel to #bd1jjj4       
,veron is a puffy-faced little man1 with
 an overgrown body1 and midriff         
sustained upon an attenuated pair of    
legs2 his visage is buried in an immense
 shirt collar1 stiff and starched as a  
,norman cap4 ,dr4 ,veron believes       
himself the key-stone of the ,elysan    
arch1 and that the weight of the        
government is on his shoulders4 ,look at
 him as he enters the ,caf de ,paris to 
eat his pure  la ,cond1 and his suprme  
de volaille1 and his filet de chevreuil 
piqu aux truffes1 and you would say that
 he is not only the prime1 but the      
favorite minister of ,louis ,napoleon1  
par la grace de ,dieu et ,monsieur le   
,docteur ,prsident de la ,rpublique4    

,aprs tout c'est un mauvais drle1 que ce
 pharmacien1 to use the term applied to 
the doctor by ,general ,changarnier4  ,a
 short man of the name of ,boilay washes
 the dirty linen of ,dr4 ,veron1 and    
corrects his faults of grammar1 of      
history1 c4 ,boilay is a small1 sharp1  
stout1 little man1 self-possessed1      
self-satisfied1 with great readiness and
 tact4 ,give him but the heads of a     
subject and he can make out a very      
readable and plausible article4 ,boilay 
is the real working editor of the       
,constitutionnel1 and is supported by a 
,m4 ,clarigny1 a ,m4 ,malitourne1 and   
others not more known or more respected4
 ,garnier de ,cassagnac1 of the         
,pouvoir1 a man of very considerable    
talent1 though not of very fixed        
principle1 writes occasionally in the   
,constitutionnel1 and more ably than any
 of the other contributors4 ,m4 ,st4    
,beuve is the literary critic1 and he   
performs his task with eminent ability4 
,,the ,,national4  ,we now come to the  

,national1 founded by ,carrel1 ,mignet1 
and ,thiers4 ,it was agreed between the 
triad that each should take the place of
 rdacteur en chef for a year4 ,thiers1  
as the oldest and most experienced1 was 
the first installed1 and conducted the  
paper with zest and spirit till the     
,revolution of #ahcj broke out4 ,the    
,national set out with the idea of      
changing the incorrigible dynasty1 and  
instituting ,orlanism in the place of   
it4 ,the refusal to pay taxes and to    
contribute to a budget was a proposition
 of the ,national1 and it is not going  
too far to say1 that the crisis of #ahcj
 was hastened by this journal4 ,it was  
at the office of the ,national that the 
famous protest1 proclaiming the right of
 resistance1 was composed and signed by 
,thiers1 ,de ,remusat1 and ,canchois    
,lemaire4 ,on the following day the     
office of the journal was bombarded by  
the police and an armed force1 when the 
presses were broken4 ,against this      
illegal violence the editors protested4 

,after the ,revolution1 ,carrel assumed 
the conduct of the journal1 and became  
the firmest as well as the ablest organ 
of democracy4 ,to the arbitrary and     
arrogant ,perier1 he opposed a firm and 
uncompromising resistance4 ,every one   
acquainted with ,french politics at that
 epoch is aware of the strenuous and    
stand-up fight he made for five years   
for his principles4 ,he it was who      
opposed a bold front to military        
bullies1 and who invented the epithet   
traneurs de sabre4 ,this is not the     
place to speak of the talent of ,carrel4
 ,he was shot in a miserable quarrel in 
#ahcf1 by ,emile ,girardin1 then1 as    
now1 the editor of the ,presse4 ,on the 
death of ,carrel1 the shareholders of   
the paper assembled together to name a  
successor4 ,m4 ,trelat1 subsequently    
minister1 was fixed upon4 ,but as he was
 then a dtenu at ,clairvaux1 ,bastide   
and ,littr filled the editorial chair   
during the interregnum4 ,on the release 
of ,trelat1 it was soon discovered that 

he had not the peculiar talent          
necessary4 ,the sceptre of authority    
passed into the hands of ,m4 ,bastide1  
named ,minister of ,foreign ,affairs in 
the ending of #ahdh1 or the beginning of
 #ahdi4 ,m4 ,bastide1 then a marchand de
 bois1 divided his editorial empire with
 ,m4 ,armand ,marrast1 who had been a   
political prisoner and a refugee in     
,england1 and who returned to ,france on
 the amnesty granted on the marriage of 
the ,duke of ,orleans4 ,m4 ,marrast1    
though a disagreeable1 self-sufficient1 
and underbred person1 was unquestionably
 a writer of point1 brilliancy1 and     
vigor4 ,from #ahcg to the ,revolution of
 #ahdh he was connected with the        
,national1 and was the author of a      
series of articles which have not been  
equalled since4 ,like all low1          
vulgar-bred1 and reptile-minded persons1
 ,marrast forgot himself completely when
 raised to the position of ,president of
 the ,chamber of ,deputies4 ,in this    
position he made irreconcileable enemies

 of all his old colleagues1 and of most 
persons who came into contact with him4 
,the fact is1 that your schoolmaster and
 pedagogue can rarely become a          
gentleman1 or any thing like a          
gentleman4 ,the writers in the ,national
 at the present moment are1 ,m4 ,lopold 
,duras1 ,m4 ,alexandre ,rey1 ,caylus1   
,cochut1 ,forques1 ,littr1 ,paul de     
,musset1 ,colonel ,charras1 and several 
others whose names it is not necessary  
to mention here4   ,,the ,,si,,cle4  ,we
 come now to the ,sicle1 a journal      
which1 though only established in #ahcf1
 has1 we believe1 a greater sale than   
any journal in ,paris--at least1 had a  
greater sale previous to the ,revolution
 of ,february #ahdh4 ,the ,sicle was the
 first journal that started at the low  
price of #dj francs a-year1 when almost 
every other newspaper was purchased at a
 cost of #gj or #hj francs4 ,it should  
also be recollected1 that it was        
published under the auspices of the     
deputies of the constitutional          

opposition4 ,the ,sicle was said1 in    
#ahdf1 to have had #db1jjj subscribers4 
,its then editor was ,m4 ,chambolle1 who
 abandoned the concern in ,february or  
,march #ahdi1 not being able to agree   
with ,m4 ,louis ,perre1 the directeur of
 the journal4 ,since ,chambolle left a  
journal which he had conducted for      
thirteen years1 ,m4 ,perre has died in  
the flower of his age1 mourned by those 
connected with the paper1 and regretted 
by the public at large4 ,previous to the
 ,revolution of #ahdh1 ,odillon ,barrot 
and ,gustave de ,beaumont took great    
interest and an active part in the      
management of the ,sicle4 ,that         
positive1 dogmatical1 self-opinioned1   
and indifferent newspaper writer1 ,lon  
,faucher1 was then one of the principal 
contributors to this journal4 ,the      
,sicle of #ahea is somewhat what the    
,constitutionnel was in #ahbe1 #f1 and  
#g4 ,it is eminently ,city-like and of  
the bourgeoisie1 earth1 earthy1 as a    
good1 reforming1 economic ,national     

,guard ought to be4 ,the success of the 
journal is due to this spirit1 and to   
the eminently fair1 practical1 and      
business-like manner in which it has    
been conducted4 ,perre1 the late editor 
and manager of the journal1 who died at 
the early age of #cd1 was member for the
 ,manche4 ,the writers in the journal   
are ,louis ,jourdan1 formerly a ,st4    
,simonian2 ,pierre ,bernard1 who was    
secretary to ,armand ,carrel2 ,hippolite
 ,lamarche1 an ex-cavalry captain2      
,auguste ,jullien 7son of ,jullien de   
,paris1 one of the commissaries of      
,robespierre72 and others whom it is    
needless to mention4   ,,the ,,presse4  
,the ,presse was founded in #ahcf1 about
 the same time as the ,sicle1 by ,emile 
de ,girardin1 a son of ,general de      
,girardin1 it is said1 by an ,english   
mother4 ,till that epoch of fifteen     
years ago1 people in ,paris or in       
,france had no idea of a journal        
exceeding in circulation #be1jjj copies1
 the circulation of the                 

,constitutionnel1 or of a newspaper     
costing less than seventy or eighty     
francs per annum4 ,many journals had    
contrived to live on respectably enough 
on a modest number of #djjj or #ejjj    
abonns4 ,but the conductors of the      
,presse and of the ,sicle were born to  
operate a revolution in this routine and
 jog-trot of newspaper life4 ,they      
reduced the subscription to newspapers  
from eighty to forty francs per annum1  
producing as good if not a better       
article4 ,this was a great advantage to 
the million1 and it induced parties to  
subscribe for1 and read a newspaper1    
more especially in the country1 who     
never thought of reading a newspaper    
before4 ,in constituting his new press1 
,m4 ,girardin entirely upset and rooted 
out all the old notions theretofore     
prevailing as to the conduct of a       
journal4 ,the great feature in the new  
journal was not its leading articles1   
but its ,roman feuilleton1 by ,dumas1   
,sue1 c4 ,this it was that first brought

 ,socialism into extreme vogue among the
 working classes4 ,true the ,presse was 
not the first to publish ,socialist     
feuilletons1 but the ,dbats and the     
,constitutionnel4 ,but the ,presse was  
the first to make the leading article   
subsidiary to the feuilleton4 ,it was1  
even when not a professed ,socialist1 a 
great promoter of ,socialism1 by the    
thorough support which it lent to all   
the slimy1 jesuitical corruptions of    
,guizoism1 and all the turpitudes and   
chicanery of ,louis ,philippism4 ,when  
the ,presse was not a year old it had   
#ae1jjj subscribers1 and before it was  
twelve years old the product of its     
advertisements amounted to #aej1jjj     
francs a-year4 ,indeed this journal has 
the rare merit of being the first to    
teach the ,french the use1 and we must  
add the abuse1 of advertisements4 ,we   
fear the ,presse1 during these early    
days of the gentle ,emile and ,granier  
,cassagnac1 was neither a model of      
virtue1 disinterestedness1 nor          

self-denial4 ,nor do we know that it is 
so now1 even under the best of          
,republics4 ,there are strange tales    
abroad1 even allowing for the           
exaggeration of ,rumor with her hundred 
tongues4 ,one thing1 however1 is clear2 
that the ,presse was a liberal paymaster
 to its feuilletonistes4 ,to ,dumas1    
,sand1 ,de ,balzac1 ,thophile ,gautier1 
and ,jules ,sandeau1 it four years ago  
paid #cjj francs per day for            
contributions4 ,the ,presse1 as ,m4     
,texier says1 is now less the collective
 reason of a set of writers laboring to 
a common intent1 than the expression of 
the individual activity1 energy1 and    
wonderful mobility of ,m4 ,girardin     
himself4 ,the ,presse is ,emile de      
,girardin1 with his boldness1 his       
audacity1 his rampant agility1 his ,jim 
,crowism1 his inexhaustible cleverness1 
wonderful fecundity1 and indisputable   
talent4 ,the ,presse is bold and daring2
 but no man can tell the color of its   
politics to-day1 much less three days1  

or three months hence4 ,on the #beth of 
,july1 #ahdh1 it was as audacious1 as   
unabashed1 and as little disconcerted as
 two days before4 ,when the workmen     
arrived in crowds to break its presses1 
the ingenious ,emile threw open the     
doors of the press-room1 talked and     
reasoned with the greasy rogues1 and    
sent them contented away4  ,the number  
of journals in ,paris is greater--much  
greater1 relatively--than the number    
existing in ,london4 ,the people of     
,paris love and study a newspaper more  
than the people of ,london1 and take a  
greater interest in public affairs1 and 
more especially in questions of foreign 
policy4 ,previous to the ,revolution of 
,february #ahdh1 it cannot1 we think1 be
 denied that newspaper writers in       
,france held a much higher rank than    
contributors to the daily press in      
,england1 and even still they continue  
to hold a higher and more influential   
position1 though there can be no good   
reason why they should have done so at  

either time4 ,for the last fifteen years
 there cannot be any doubt or question  
that the leading articles in the four   
principal daily ,london morning papers  
exhibit an amount of talent1 energy1    
information1 readiness1 and compression1
 which are not found in such perfect and
 wonderful combination in the ,french   
press4  ,for the last three years1      
however1 the press of ,france has       
wonderfully deteriorated4 ,it is no     
longer what it was antecedent to the    
,revolution4 ,there is not the literary 
skill1 the artistical ability1 the      
energy1 the learning1 and the eloquence 
which theretofore existed4 ,the class of
 writers in newspapers now are an       
inferior class in attainments1 in       
scholarship1 and in general ability4    
,there can be little doubt1 we conceive1
 that the press greatly increased and   
abused its power1 for some years        
previous to #ahdh4 ,this led to the     
decline of its influence--an influence  
still daily diminishing2 but withal1    

even still the press in ,france has more
 influence1 and enjoys more social and  
literary consideration1 than the press  
in ,england4 ,we believe that newspaper 
writers in ,france are not now so       
generally well paid as they were twenty 
or thirty years ago4 ,two or three      
eminent writers can always command in   
,paris what would be called a sporting  
price1 but the great mass of            
leading-article writers receive         
considerably less in money than a       
similar class in ,london1 though they   
exercise a much greater influence on    
public opinion1 and enjoy from the      
peculiar constitution of ,french society
 a higher place in the social scale4    
--,we see by the last papers from ,paris
 that ,veron and the ,president have    
quarreled4     ,from the ,cincinnati    
,commercial ,advertiser4  ,,prophecy4   
,,by ,,alice ,,carey4       ,i think    
thou lovest me--yet a prophet said      
,to-day1 ,elhadra1 if thou laidest dead1
     ,from thy white forehead would he  

fold the shroud1       ,and thereon lay 
his sorrow1 like a crown4     ,the      
drenching rain from out the chilly      
cloud1       ,in the gray ashes beats   
the red flame down6     ,and when the   
crimson folds the kiss away       ,no   
longer1 and blank dulness fills the     
eyes1     ,lifting its beauty from the  
crumbling clay1       ,back to the light
 of earth life's angel flies4      ,so1 
with my large faith unto gloom allied1  
,sprang up a shadow sunshine could not  
quell1     ,and the voice said1         
,would'st haste to go outside           
,this continent of being1 it were well3 
,where finite1 growing toward the       
,infinite1       ,gathers its robe of   
glory out of dust1     ,and looking down
 the radiances white1       ,sees all   
,god's purposes about us1 just4         
,canst thou1 ,elhadra1 reach out of the 
grave1       ,and draw the golden waters
 of love's well8     ,his years are     
chrisms of brightness in time's wave--  
,thine are as dewdrops in the           

nightshade's bell6      ,then           
straightening in my hands the rippled   
length       ,of all my tresses1 slowly 
one by one1     ,i took the flowers     
out4--,dear one1 in thy strength        
,pray for my weakness4 ,thou hast seen  
the sun     ,large in the setting1 drive
 a column of light       ,down through  
the darkness3 so1 within death's night1 
,o my beloved1 when ,i shall have gone1 
,if it might be so1 would my love burn  
on4     ,from ,household ,words  ,,the  
,,modern ,,haroun-,,al-,,raschid4   ,in 
the district of ,ferdj' ,onah 7which    
signifies ,fine ,country71 ,algeria1    
lives a ,scheik named                   
,bou-,akas-ben-,achour4 ,he is also     
distinguished by the surname of         
,bou-,djenoni 7the ,man of the ,knife71 
and may be regarded as a type of the    
eastern ,arab4 ,his ancestors conquered 
,ferdj' ,onah1 but he has been forced to
 acknowledge the supremacy of ,france1  
by paying a yearly tribute of #hj1jjj   
francs4 ,his dominion extends from      

,milah to ,rabouah1 and from the        
southern point of ,babour to within two 
leagues of ,gigelli4 ,he is forty-nine  
years old1 and wears the ,rahyle        
costume2 that is to say1 a woollen      
gandoura1 confined by a leathern belt4  
,he carries a pair of pistols in his    
girdle1 by his side the ,rahyle flissa1 
and suspended from his neck a small     
black knife4  ,before him walks a negro 
carrying his gun1 and a huge greyhound  
bounds along by his side4 ,he holds     
despotic sway over twelve tribes2 and   
should any neighboring people venture to
 make an incursion on his territory1    
,bou-,akas seldom condescends to march  
against them in person1 but sends his   
negro into the principal village4 ,this 
envoy just displays the gun of          
,bou-,akas1 and the injury is instantly 
repaired4  ,he keeps in pay two or three
 hundred ,tolbas to read the ,koran to  
the people2 every pilgrim going to      
,mecca1 and passing through ,ferdj'     
,onah1 receives three francs1 and may   

remain as long as he pleases to enjoy   
the hospitality of ,bou-,akas4 ,but     
whenever the ,scheik discovers that he  
has been deceived by a pretended        
pilgrim1 he immediately dispatches      
emissaries after the impostor2 who1     
wherever he is1 find him1 throw him     
down1 and give him fifty blows on the   
soles of his feet4  ,bou-,akas sometimes
 entertains three hundred persons at    
dinner2 but instead of sharing their    
repast1 he walks round the tables with a
 baton in his hand1 seeing that the     
servants attend properly to his guests4 
,afterwards1 if any thing is left1 he   
eats2 but not until the others have     
finished4  ,when the governor of        
,constantinople1 the only man whose     
power he recognizes1 sends him a        
traveller2 according to the rank of the 
latter1 or the nature of the            
recommendation ,bou-,akas gives him his 
gun1 his dog1 or his knife4 ,if the gun1
 the traveller takes it on his shoulder2
 if the dog1 he leads it in a leash2 or 

if the knife1 he hangs it round his     
neck3 and with any one of these potent  
talismans1 of which each bears its own  
degree of honor1 the stranger passes    
through the region of the twelve tribes1
 not only unscathed1 but as the guest of
 ,bou-,akas1 treated with the utmost    
hospitality4 ,when the traveller is     
about to leave ,ferdj' ,onah1 he        
consigns the knife1 the dog1 or the gun 
to the care of the first ,arab he meets4
 ,if the ,arab is hunting1 he leaves the
 chase2 if laboring in the field1 he    
leaves his plough2 and1 taking the      
precious deposit1 hastens to restore it 
to the ,bou-,akas4  ,the black-handled  
knife is so well known1 that it has     
given the surname of ,bou-,djenoni1 the 
man of the knife1 to its owner4 ,with   
this implement he is accustomed to cut  
off heads1 whenever he takes a fancy to 
perform that agreeable office with his  
own hand4  ,when first ,bou-,akas       
assumed the government1 the country was 
infested with robbers1 but he speedily  

found means to extirpate them4 ,he      
disguised himself as a poor merchant2   
walked out1 and dropped a douro 7a gold 
coin7 on the ground1 taking care not to 
lose sight of it4 ,if the person who    
happened to pick up the douro1 put it   
into his pocket and passed on1          
,bou-,akas made a sign to his chinaux   
7who followed him1 also in disguise1 and
 knew the ,scheik's will7 rushed forward
 immediately1 and decapitated the       
offender4 ,in consequence of this       
summary method of administering justice1
 it is a saying amongst the ,arabs that 
a child might traverse the regions which
 own ,bou-,akas's sway1 wearing a golden
 crown on his head1 without a single    
hand being stretched out to take it4    
,the ,scheik has great respect for      
women1 and has ordered that when the    
females of ,ferdj' ,onah go out to draw 
water1 every man who meets them shall   
turn away his head4 ,wishing one day to 
ascertain whether his commands were     
attended to1 he went out in disguise3   

and1 meeting a beautiful ,arab maiden on
 her way to the well1 approached and    
saluted her4 ,the girl looked at him    
with amazement1 and said3 ,pass on1     
stranger2 thou knowest not the risk them
 hast run4 ,and when ,bou-,akas         
persisted in speaking to her1 she added3
 ,foolish man1 and reckless of thy life2
 knowest thou not that we are in the    
country of ,bou-,djenoni1 who causes all
 women to be held in respect8           
,bou-,akas is very strict in his        
religious observances2 he never omits   
his prayers and ablutions1 and has four 
wives1 the number permitted by the      
,koran4 ,having heard that the ,cadi of 
one of his twelve tribes administered   
justice in an admirable manner1 and     
pronounced decisions in a style worthy  
of ,king ,solomon himself1 ,bou-,akas1  
like a second ,haroun-,al-,raschid1     
determined to judge for himself as to   
the truth of the report4 ,accordingly1  
dressed like a private individual1      
without arms or attendants1 he set out  

for the ,cadi's towns1 mounted on a     
docile ,arabian steed4 ,he arrived      
there1 and was just entering the gate1  
when a cripple seizing the border of his
 burnous1 asked him for alms in the name
 of the prophet4 ,bou-,akas gave him    
money1 but the cripple still maintained 
his hold4 ,what dost thou want8 asked   
the ,scheik2 ,i have already given thee 
alms4  ,yes1 replied the beggar1 but the
 law says1 not only--',thou shalt give  
alms to thy brother1' but also1 ',thou  
shalt do for thy brother whatsoever thou
 canst4'  ,well6 and what can ,i do for 
thee8  ,thou canst save me1--poor       
crawling creature that ,i am6--from     
being trodden under the feet of men1    
horses1 mules and camels1 which would   
certainly happen to me in passing       
through the crowded square1 in which a  
fair is now going on4  ,and how can ,i  
save thee8  ,by letting me ride behind  
you1 and putting me down safely in the  
market-place1 where ,i have business4   
,be it so1 replied ,bou-,akas4 ,and     

stooping down1 he helped the cripple to 
get up behind him2 a business which was 
not accomplished without much           
difficulty4 ,the strangely assorted     
riders attracted many eyes as they      
passed through the crowded streets2 and 
at length they reached the market-place4
 ,is this where you wish to stop8 asked 
,bou-,akas4  ,yes4  ,then get down4     
,get down yourself4  ,what for8  ,to    
leave me the horse4  ,to leave you my   
horse6 ,what mean you by that8  ,i mean 
that he belongs to me4 ,know you not    
that we are now in the town of the just 
,cadi1 and that if we bring the case    
before him1 he will certainly decide in 
my favor8  ,why should he do so1 when   
the animal belongs to me8  ,don't you   
think that when he sees us two1--you    
with your strong straight limbs1 which  
,allah has given you for the purpose of 
walking1 and ,i with my weak legs and   
distorted feet1--he will decree that the
 horse shall belong to him who has most 
need of him8  ,should1 he do so1 he     

would not be the just ,cadi1 said       
,bou-,akas4  ,oh6 as to that1 replied   
the cripple1 laughing1 although he is   
just1 he is not infallible4  ,so6       
thought the ,scheik to himself1 this    
will be a capital opportunity of judging
 the judge4 ,he said aloud1 ,i am       
content--we will go before the ,cadi4   
,arrived at the tribunal1 where the     
judge1 according to the eastern custom1 
was publicly administering justice1 they
 found that two trials were about to go 
on1 and would of course take precedence 
of theirs4 ,the first was between a     
taleb or learned man1 and a peasant4    
,the point in dispute was the taleb's   
wife1 whom the peasant had carried off1 
and whom he asserted to be his own      
better half1 in the face of the         
philosopher who demanded her            
restoration4 ,the woman1 strange        
circumstance6 remained obstinately      
silent1 and would not declare for       
either2 a feature in the case which     
rendered its decision excessively       

difficult4 ,the judge heard both sides  
attentively1 reflected for a moment1 and
 then said1 ,leave the woman here1 and  
return to-morrow4 ,the savant and the   
laborer each bowed and retired2 and the 
next cause was called4 ,this was a      
difference between a butcher and an     
oil-seller4 ,the latter appeared covered
 with oil1 and the former was sprinkled 
with blood4  ,the butcher spoke         
first3--,i went to buy some oil from    
this man1 and in order to pay him for   
it1 ,i drew a handful of money from my  
purse4 ,the sight of the money tempted  
him4 ,he seized me by the wrist4 ,i     
cried out1 but he would not let me go2  
and here we are1 having come before your
 worship1 ,i holding my money in my     
hand1 and he still grasping my wrist4   
,now1 ,i swear by the ,prophet1 that    
this man is a liar1 when he says that ,i
 stole his money1 for the money is truly
 mine own4  ,then spoke the             
oil-merchant3--,this man came to        
purchase oil from me4 ,when his bottle  

was filled1 he said1 ',have you change  
for a piece of gold8' ,i searched my    
pocket1 and drew out my hand full of    
money1 which ,i laid on a bench in my   
shop4 ,he seized it1 and was walking off
 with my money and my oil1 when ,i      
caught him by the wrist1 and cried out  
',robber6' ,in spite of my cries1       
however1 he would not surrender the     
money1 so ,i brought him here1 that your
 worship might decide the case4 ,now1 ,i
 swear by the ,prophet that this man is 
a liar1 when he says that ,i want to    
steal his money1 for it is truly mine   
own4  ,the ,cadi caused each plaintiff  
to repeat his story1 but neither varied 
one jot from his original statement4 ,he
 reflected for a moment1 and then said1 
,leave the money with me1 and return    
to-morrow4 ,the butcher placed the      
coins1 which he had never let go1 on the
 edge of the ,cadi's mantle4 ,after     
which he and his opponent bowed to the  
tribunal1 and departed4  ,it was now the
 turn of ,bou-,akas and the cripple4 ,my

 lord ,cadi1 said the former1 ,i came   
hither from a distant country1 with the 
intention of purchasing merchandise4 ,at
 the city gate ,i met this cripple1 who 
first asked for alms1 and then prayed me
 to allow him to ride behind me through 
the streets1 lest he should be trodden  
down in the crowd4 ,i consented1 but    
when we reached the market-place1 he    
refused to get down1 asserting that my  
horse belonged to him1 and that your    
worship would surely adjudge it to him1 
who wanted it most4 ,that1 my lord      
,cadi1 is precisely the state of the    
case--,i swear it by ,mahomet6  ,my     
lord1 said the cripple1 as ,i was coming
 on business to the market1 and riding  
this horse1 which belongs to me1 ,i saw 
this man seated by the roadside1        
apparently half dead from fatigue4 ,i   
good naturedly offered to take him on   
the crupper1 and let him ride as far as 
the market-place1 and he eagerly thanked
 me4 ,but what was my astonishment1     
when1 on our arrival1 he refused to get 

down1 and said that my horse was his4 ,i
 immediately required him to appear     
before your worship1 in order that you  
might decide between us4 ,that is the   
true state of the case--,i swear it by  
,mahomet6  ,having made each repeat his 
deposition1 and having reflected for a  
moment1 the ,cadi said1 ,leave the horse
 here1 and return to-morrow4  ,it was   
done1 and ,bou-,akas and the cripple    
withdrew in different directions4 ,on   
the morrow1 a number of persons besides 
those immediately interested in the     
trials assembled to hear the judge's    
decisions4 ,the taleb and the peasant   
were called first4  ,take away thy wife1
 said the ,cadi to the former1 and keep 
her1 ,i advise thee1 in good order4     
,then turning towards his chinaux1 he   
added1 pointing to the peasant1 ,give   
this man fifty blows4 ,he was instantly 
obeyed1 and the taleb carried off his   
wife4  ,then came forward the           
oil-merchant and the butcher4 ,here1    
said the ,cadi to the butcher1 is thy   

money2 it is truly thine1 and not his4  
,then pointing to the oil-merchant1 he  
said to his chinaux1 ,give this man     
fifty blows4 ,it was done1 and the      
butcher went away in triumph with his   
money4  ,the third cause was called1 and
 ,bou-,akas and the cripple came        
forward4 ,would'st thou recognize thy   
horse amongst twenty others8 said the   
judge to ,bou-,akas4  ,yes1 my lord4    
,and thou8  ,certainly1 my lord1 replied
 the cripple4  ,follow me1 said the     
,cadi to ,bou-,akas4  ,they entered a   
large stable1 and ,bou-,akas pointed out
 his horse amongst twenty which were    
standing side by side4  ',tis well1 said
 the judge4 ,return now to the tribunal1
 and send me thine adversary hither4    
,the disguised ,scheik obeyed1 delivered
 his message1 and the cripple hastened  
to the stable1 as quickly as his        
distorted limbs allowed4 ,he possessed  
quick eyes and a good memory1 so that he
 was able1 without the slightest        
hesitation1 to place his hand on the    

right animal4  ',tis well1 said the     
,cadi2 return to the tribunal4  ,his    
worship resumed his place1 and when the 
cripple arrived1 judgment was           
pronounced4 ,the horse is thine1 said   
the ,cadi to ,bou-,akas4 ,go to the     
stable1 and take him4 ,then to the      
chinaux1 ,give this cripple fifty blows4
 ,it was done2 and ,bou-,akas went to   
take his horse4  ,when the ,cadi1 after 
concluding the business of the day1 was 
retiring to his house1 he found         
,bou-,akas waiting for him4 ,art thou   
discontented with my award8 asked the   
judge4  ,no1 quite the contrary1 replied
 the ,scheik4 ,but ,i want to ask by    
what inspiration thou hast rendered     
justice2 for ,i doubt not that the other
 two cases were decided as equitably as 
mine4 ,i am not a merchant2 ,i am       
,bou-,akas1 ,scheik of ,ferdj' ,onah1   
and ,i wanted to judge for myself of thy
 reputed wisdom4  ,the ,cadi bowed to   
the ground1 and kissed his master's     
hand4  ,i am anxious1 said ,bou-,akas1  

to know the reasons which determined    
your three decisions4  ,nothing1 my     
lord1 can be more simple4 ,your highness
 saw that ,i detained for a night the   
three things in dispute8  ,i did4       
,well1 early in the morning ,i caused   
the woman to be called1 and ,i said to  
her suddenly--',put fresh ink in my     
inkstand4' ,like a person who had done  
the same thing a hundred times before1  
she took the bottle1 removed the cotton1
 washed them both1 put in the cotton    
again1 and poured in fresh ink1 doing it
 all with the utmost neatness and       
dexterity4 ,so ,i said to myself1 ',a   
peasant's wife would known nothing about
 inkstands--she must belong to the      
taleb4  ,good1 said ,bou-,akas1 nodding 
his head4 ,and the money8  ,did your    
highness remark that the merchant had   
his clothes and hands covered with oil8 
,certainly1 ,i did4  ,well2 ,i took the 
money1 and placed it in a vessel filled 
with water4 ,this morning ,i looked at  
it1 and not a particle of oil was to be 

seen on the surface of the water4 ,so ,i
 said to myself1 ',if this money        
belonged to the oil-merchant it would be
 greasy from the touch of his hands2 as 
it is not so1 the butcher's story must  
be true4'  ,bou-,akas nodded in token of
 approval4  ,good1 said he4 ,and my     
horse8  ,ah6 that was a different       
business2 and1 until this morning1 ,i   
was greatly puzzled4  ,the cripple1 ,i  
suppose1 did not recognize the animal8  
,on the contrary1 he pointed him out    
immediately4  ,how then did you discover
 that he was not the owner8  ,my object 
in bringing you separately to the       
stable1 was not to see whether you would
 know the horse1 but whether the horse  
would acknowledge you4 ,now1 when you   
approached him1 the creature turned     
towards you1 laid back his ears1 and    
neighed with delight2 but when the      
cripple touched him1 he kicked4 ,then ,i
 knew that you were truly his master4   
,bou-,akas thought for a moment1 and    
then said3 ,allah has given thee great  

wisdom4 ,thou oughtest to be in my      
place1 and ,i in thine4 ,and yet1 ,i    
know not2 thou art certainly worthy to  
be ,scheik1 but ,i fear that ,i should  
but badly fill thy place as ,cadi6      
,from the ,manchester ,examiner4        
,,love4--,a ,,sonnet4  ,,by ,j4 ,c4     
,,prince4       ,love is an odor from   
the heavenly bowers1       ,which stirs 
our senses tenderly1 and brings         
,dreams which are shadows of diviner    
things     ,beyond this grosser         
atmosphere of ours4     ,an oasis of    
verdure and of flowers1       ,love     
smiteth on the ,pilgrim's weary way2    
,there fresher air1 there sweeter waters
 play1     ,there purer solace charms   
the quiet hours4     ,this glorious     
passion1 unalloyed1 endowers       ,with
 moral beauty all who feel its fire2    
,maid1 wife1 and offspring1 brother1    
mother1 sire1     ,are names and symbols
 of its hallowed powers4       ,love is 
immortal4 ,from our head may fly        
,earth's other blessings2 ,love can     

never die6      ,ashton1 #eth ,march4   
,from the ,spectator4  ,,the ,,history  
,,of ,,sorcery ,,and ,,magic4,i   ,the  
rationale of magic1 when a combination  
of skill and fraud imposed upon the     
vulgar1 is easily settled4 ,the priests 
of the ancient mythology1 the adepts of 
the middle ages1 turned their knowledge 
of chemistry and mechanics and their    
proficiency in legerdemain to account2  
and before we denounce the latter as    
impostors1 we should bear in mind the   
ignorance of the times in which they    
lived4 ,people would not have believed  
any natural explanation1 though they    
might have felt inclined to persecute   
the man when stripped of his magical    
character3 we should also consider how  
far the general belief might influence  
even the man himself2 how far he could  
in his inmost mind draw the distinction 
between what we call natural philosophy 
and what the age considered magic--a    
lawful if a riskful power over nature   
and spirits1 by means of occult         

knowledge4 ,an allowance is further to  
be made for the stories as they have    
come down to us2 a distinction is to be 
drawn between the actual facts and the  
fancy of the narrator1 between the      
reality and the romance of magic4       
,sorcery and witchcraft 7to which1      
notwithstanding its title1 ,mr4         
,wright's book chiefly relates7 was a   
more vulgar pursuit1 and is a more      
difficult matter to determine4 ,the true
 magician was a master over both the    
seen and the unseen world4 ,his art     
could compel spirits or demons to obey  
him1 however much against their will4   
,it seems a question whether a spell of 
sufficient potency could not control    
,satan himself4 ,the witch or wizard was
 a vulgar being1 a mere slave of the    
,evil ,one1 with no original power1 very
 limited in derived power1 and1 it would
 appear1 with no means of acting        
directly except upon the elements4 ,the 
facts relating to witchcraft1 being     
often matter of legal record1 are more  

numerous and more correctly narrated    
than those relating to magic4 ,the      
difficulty of fixing the exact boundary 
between truth and falsehood1 guilt and  
innocence1 in the case of witchcraft1 is
 not so easily settled as the sciolist  
in liberal philosophy imagines4 ,of     
course we all know that men and women   
could not travel through the air on     
broomsticks1 or cause storms1 or afflict
 cattle4 ,their innocence of the        
intention is not always so certain3     
their power over a nervous or weakly    
person1 especially in bad health1 might 
really1 through the influence of        
imagination1 produce the death          
threatened1 and the miserable patient   
might pine away as his real or supposed 
waxen image slowly melted before the    
fire4 ,at a time when the belief in     
witchcraft was entertained by society in
 general1 as well as by the majority of 
educated men1 it is not likely that the 
persons who were generally accused of it
 were skeptical on the subject4 ,their  

innocence would lie1 not in their       
disbelief of its power1 but in their    
rejection of the practice4 ,that an     
accusation of witchcraft was sometimes  
made from political1 religious1 or      
personal motives1 is true2 and numbers  
of innocent victims were sacrificed in  
times of public mania on the subject4   
,the question is1 whether many did not  
attempt unlawful arts in full belief of 
their efficacy2 and whether some1 a     
compound of the self-dupe and the       
impostor1 did not make use of their     
reputed power to indulge in the grossest
 license and to perpetrate abominable   
crimes4  ,the great difficulty1 however1
 is the confessions4 ,in many cases1 no 
doubt1 the victims1 worn down by terror 
and torture1 said whatever their        
examiners seemed to wish them to say2 in
 other cases1 their statements were     
exaggerated by the reporters4 ,yet      
enough remains1 after every deduction1  
to render witches' confessions a very   
curious mental problem4 ,was it vision1 

or monomania1 or nervous delusion1 all  
influenced by foregone conclusion8 or   
was it1 as the mesmerists seem to hold1 
an instance of clairvoyance in a high   
degree8 ,the case of ,gaufridi is of    
this puzzling nature4 ,gaufridi was a   
,french priest of licentious character1 
who succeeded by the opportunities which
 his priestly influence gave him1 or by 
some pretended supernatural arts4 ,his  
crimes were discovered through the      
confession of one of his victims1 a nun 
whom he had abused before profession4   
,after a time1 she appeared to be       
possessed2 and1 under treatment by a    
celebrated exorcist1 7an inferior hand  
having failed17 she1 or the demon in    
possession1 among other things accused  
,gaufridi4 ,her revelations may be      
resolved into an imposture instigated by
 revenge1 or a pious fraud caused by    
remorse1 or hysterical fits1 with       
utterance shaped by memory2 but what can
 be said of ,gaufridi's1 made with a    
full knowledge of consequences8         

,the priests who conducted this affair  
seem almost to have lost      sight of  
,louis ,gaufridi1 in their anxiety to   
collect these      important evidences  
of the true faith4 ,it was not till     
towards      the close of winter that   
the reputed wizard was again thought    
of4 ,a warrant was then obtained against
 him1 and he was taken      into        
custody1 and confined in the prison of  
the conciergerie at      ,marseilles4   
,on the fifth of ,march he was for the  
first time      confronted with sister  
,magdalen1 but without producing the    
result anticipated by his persecutors4  
,little information is      given as to 
the subsequent proceedings against him2 
but he      appears to have been treated
 with great severity1 and to have       
persevered in asserting his innocence4  
,sister ,magdalen1 or      rather the   
demon within her1 gave information of   
certain marks      on his body which had
 been placed there by the ,evil ,one2   
and on      search they were found      

exactly as described4 ,it is not to be  
wondered at1 if1 after the intercourse  
which had existed      between them1    
sister ,magdalen were able to give such 
information4 ,still ,gaufridi continued 
unshaken1 and he made no                
confession2 until at length1 on ,easter 
,eve1 the twenty-sixth of      ,march1  
#afaa1 a full avowal of his guilt was   
drawn from him1 we      are not told    
through what means1 by two ,capuchins of
 the      ,convent of ,aix1 to which    
place he had been transferred for his   
trial4 ,at the beginning of ,april1     
another witness1 the      ,demoiselle   
,victoire de ,courbier1 came forward to 
depose that      she had been bewitched 
by the renegade priest1 who had obtained
      her love by his charms2 and he    
made no objection to their      adding  
this new incident to his confession4    
,gaufridi acknowledged the truth of all 
that had been said by      sister       
,magdalen or by her demon4 ,he said that
 an uncle1 who had      died many years 

ago1 had left him his books1 and that   
one day1      about five or six years   
before his arrest on this accusation1   
he was looking them over1 when he found 
amongst them a volume      of magic1 in 
which were some writings in ,french     
verse1      accompanied with strange    
characters4 ,his curiosity was excited1 
and he began to read it2 when1 to his   
great astonishment and                  
consternation1 the demon appeared in a  
human form1 and said to      him1 ',what
 do you desire of me1 for it is you who 
have called      me8' ,gaufridi was     
young1 and easily tempted2 and when he  
had      recovered from his surprise and
 was reassured by the manner and        
conversation of his visitor1 he replied 
to his offer1 ',if you      have power  
to give me what ,i desire1 ,i ask for   
two things3      first1 that ,i shall   
prevail with all the women ,i like2     
secondly1 that ,i shall be esteemed and 
honored above all the      priests of   
this country1 and enjoy the respect of  

men of wealth      and honor4' ,we may  
see1 perhaps1 through these wishes1 the 
reason why ,gaufridi was persecuted by  
the rest of the clergy4      ,the demon 
promised to grant him his desires1 on   
condition that      he would give up to 
him entirely his 'body1 soul1 and       
works2'      to which ,gaufridi agreed1 
excepting only from the latter the      
administration of the holy sacrament1 to
 which he was bound by      his vocation
 as a priest of the church4       ,from 
this time ,louis ,gaufridi felt an      
extreme pleasure in      reading the    
magical book1 and it always had the     
effect of      bringing the demon to    
attend upon him4 ,at the end of two or  
three days the agreement was arranged   
and completed1 and1 it      having been 
fairly written on parchment1 the priest 
signed it      with his blood4 ,the     
tempter then told him1 that whenever he 
breathed on maid or woman1 provided his 
breath reached their      nostrils1 they
 would immediately become desperately in

 love      with him4 ,he soon made a    
trial of the demon's gift1 and used it  
so copiously that1 he became in a short 
time a general object      of attraction
 to the women of the district4 ,he said 
that he      often amused himself with  
exciting their passions when he had     
no intention of requiting them1 and he  
declared that he had      already made  
more than a thousand victims4       ,at 
length he took an extraordinary fancy to
 the young ,magdalen      de la ,palude2
 but he found her difficult of approach1
 on      account of the watchfulness of 
her mother1 and he only overcame        
the difficulty by breathing on the      
mother before he seduced the            
daughter4 ,he thus gained his purpose2  
took the girl to the cave      in the   
manner she had already described1 and   
became so much      attached to her that
 he often repeated his charm on her1 to 
make her more devoted in her love4      
,three days after their first      visit
 to the cave1 he gave her a familiar    

named ,esmodes4      ,finding her now   
perfectly devoted to his will1 he       
determined to      marry her to         
,beelzebub1 the prince of the demons2   
and she      readily agreed to his      
proposal4 ,he immediately called the    
demon      prince1 who appeared in the  
form of a handsome gentleman2 and       
she then renounced her baptism and      
,christianity1 signed the      agreement
 with her blood1 and received the       
demon's mark4444       ,the priest gave 
an account of the ,sabbaths1 at which he
 was a      regular attendant4 ,when he 
was ready to go--it was usually at      
night--he either went to the open window
 of his chamber1 or      left the       
chamber1 locking the door1 and proceeded
 into the open      air4 ,there ,lucifer
 made his appearance1 and took him in an
      instant to their place of meeting1
 where the orgies of the      witches   
and sorcerers lasted usually from three 
to four hours4      ,gaufridi divided   
the victims of the ,evil ,one into three

      classes3 the masqus1 7perhaps the 
novices17 the sorcerers1 and      the   
magicians4 ,on arriving at the meeting1 
they all worshipped      the demon      
according to their several ranks2 the   
masqus falling      flat on their faces1
 the sorcerers kneeling with their heads
      and bodies humbly bowed down1 and 
the magicians1 who stood      highest in
 importance1 only kneeling4 ,after this 
they all went      through the formality
 of denying ,god and the ,saints4 ,then 
they      had a diabolical service in   
burlesque of that of the church1 at     
which the ,evil ,one served as priest in
 a violet chasuble2 the      elevation  
of the demon host was announced by a    
wooden bell1 and      the sacrament     
itself was made of unleavened bread4    
,the scenes      which followed         
resembled those of other witch-meetings4
      ,gaufridi acknowledged that he    
took ,magdalen thither1 and that      he
 made her swallow magical 'characters'  
that were to increase      her love to  

him2 yet he proved unfaithful to her at 
these      ,sabbaths with a multitude of
 persons1 and among the rest with       
'a princess of ,friesland4' ,the unhappy
 sorcerer confessed1      among other   
things1 that his demon was his constant 
companion1      though generally        
invisible to all but himself2 and that  
he only      left him when he entered   
the church of the ,capuchins to perform 
his religious duties1 and then he waited
 for him outside the      church door4  
,gaufridi was tried before the ,court of
 ,parliament of ,provence      at ,aix4 
,his confession1 the declaration of the 
demons1 the      marks on his body1 and 
other circumstances1 left him no hope of
      mercy4 ,judgment was given against
 him on the last day of ,april1      and
 the same day it was put in execution4  
,he was burnt alive4  ,narratives of    
,sorcery and ,magic is a skilful and    
popular selection of stories or         
narratives relating to the subject1 not 
a philosophic treatise4 ,we are carried 

to ,france1 ,germany1 ,england1         
,ireland1 ,scotland1 ,spain1 and        
,america1 by turns4 ,we have the most   
remarkable trials for witchcraft in     
these countries1 as well as cases in    
which supernatural agency was only an   
incidental part1--as that of the ,earl  
and ,countess of ,somerset1 for the     
murder of ,overbury4  ,by way of showing
 that ,mr4 ,wright is by no means an    
indifferent story-teller1 we may refer  
to the following legend3       ,the     
demons whom the sorcerer served seem    
rarely to have given      any assistance
 to their victims when the latter fell  
into the      hands of the judicial     
authorities2 but if they escaped        
punishment by the agency of the law1    
they were only reserved      for a more 
terrible end4 ,we have already seen the 
fate of the      woman of ,berkeley4 ,a 
writer of the thirteenth century has    
preserved a story of a man who1 by his  
compact with the ,evil      ,one1 had   
collected together great riches4 ,one   

day1 while he was      absent in the    
fields1 a stranger of suspicious        
appearance came      to his house and   
asked for him4 ,his wife replied that he
 was      not at home4 ,the stranger    
said1 ',tell him when he returns1 that  
to-night he must pay me my debt4' ,the  
wife replied that she was      not aware
 that he owed any thing to him4 ',tell1 
him1' said the      stranger1 with a    
ferocious look1 'that ,i will have my   
debt      to-night4' ,the husband       
returned1 and when informed of what had 
taken place1 merely remarked that the   
demand was just4 ,he then      ordered  
his bed to be made that night in an     
outhouse1 where he      had never slept 
before1 and he shut himself in it with a
      lighted candle4 ,the family were  
astonished1 and could not      resist   
the impulse to gratify their curiosity  
by looking      through the holes in the
 door4 ,they beheld the same stranger1  
who had entered without opening the     
door1 seated beside his      victim1 and

 they appeared to be counting large sums
 of money4      ,soon they began to     
quarrel about their accounts1 and were  
proceeding from threats to blows1 when  
the servants1 who were      looking     
through the door1 burst it open1 that   
they might help      their master4 ,the 
light was instantly extinguished2 and   
when      another was brought1 no traces
 could be found of either of the        
disputants1 nor were they ever          
afterwards heard of4 ,the               
suspicious-looking stranger was the     
demon himself1 who had      carried away
 his victim4  ,,footnotes3  ,i          
,narratives of ,sorcery and ,magic1 from
 the most ,authentic ,sources4 ,by      
,thomas ,wright1 ,esq41 ,m4,a41         
,f4,s4,a41 c41 c4 ,in two volumes4      
,published by ,bentley4     ,from the   
,examiner4  ,,hartley ,,coleridge ,,and 
,,his ,,genius4   ,hartley ,coleridge   
was a poet whose life was so deplorable 
a contradiction to the strength and     
subtlety of his genius1 and the         

capability and range of his intellect1  
that perhaps no such sad example has    
ever found similar record4,j ,indeed we 
are obliged with sincere grief to doubt1
 whether1 as written here1 the memoir   
should have been written at all4 ,with  
much respect for ,mr4 ,derwent          
,coleridge1 who is himself no unworthy  
inheritor of a great name1 his white    
neckcloth is somewhat too prominently   
seen in the matter4 ,there are too many 
labored explainings1 starched apologies1
 and painful accountings for this and   
that4 ,the writer was probably not      
conscious of the effort he was making1  
yet the effort is but too manifest1 ,a  
simple statement of facts1 a kindly     
allowance for circumstances1 a mindful  
recollection of what his father was in  
physical as well as mental organization1
 extracts from ,hartley's own letters1  
recollections of those among whom his   
latter life was passed--this1 as it     
seems to us1 should have sufficed4 ,mr4 
,derwent ,coleridge brings too many     

church-bred and town-bred notions to the
 grave design of moralizing and         
philosophizing his brother's simple life
 and wayward self-indulgences4 ,his     
motives will be respected1 and his real 
kindness not misunderstood2 but it will 
be felt that a quiet and unaffected     
little memoir of that strange and sorry 
career1 and of those noble nor wholly   
wasted powers1 remains still to be      
written4  ,meanwhile we gratefully      
accept the volumes before us1 which in  
their contents are quite as decisive of 
,hartley ,coleridge's genius as of what 
it might have achieved in happier       
circumstances4 ,a more beautiful or more
 sorrowful book has not been published  
in our day4      ,cut is the branch that
 might have grown full straight1        
,and burned is ,apollo's laurel-bough1  
,that sometime grew within this learned 
man4  ,hartley ,coleridge was the eldest
 son of the poet1 and with much of his  
father's genius 7which in him1 however1 
took a more simple and practical shape  

than consisted with the wider and more  
mystical expanse of his father's mind71 
inherited also the defects of his       
organization and temperament4 ,what     
would have become of the elder          
,coleridge but for the friends in whose 
home his later years found a refuge1 no 
one can say4 ,with no such friends or   
home1 poor ,hartley became a cast-away4 
,after a childhood of singular genius1  
manifested in many modes and forms1 and 
described with charming effect by his   
brother in the best passages and        
anecdotes of the memoir1 he was launched
 without due discipline or preparation  
into the ,university of ,oxford1 where  
the catastrophe of his life befell4 ,he 
had first fairly shown his powers when  
the hard doom went forth which condemned
 them to waste and idleness4 ,he        
obtained a fellowship-elect at ,oriel1  
was dismissed on the ground of          
intemperance before his probationary    
year had passed1 and wandered for the   
rest of his days by the scenes with     

which his father most wished to surround
 his childhood--      7,but thou1 my    
babe1 shall wander like a breeze     ,by
 lakes and sandy shores1 beneath the    
crags     ,of ancient mountains1 and    
beneath the clouds     ,which image in  
their bulk both lakes and shores        
,and mountain crags7  --listening with  
hardly less than his father's delight to
 the sounds and voices of nature1 in    
homely intimacy with all homely folk1   
uttering now and then piercing words of 
wisdom or regret1 teaching little       
children in village schools1 and----4   
,well1 it would be perhaps too much to  
say that he continued to justify the    
rejection of the ,oriel fellows4 ,who   
knows how largely that event may itself 
have contributed to what it too hastily 
anticipated and too finally condemned8  
,it appears certain that the weakness   
had not thus early made itself known to 
,hartley's general acquaintance at the  
,university4 ,mr4 ,dyce had nothing     
painful to remember of him1 but         

describes him as a young man possessing 
an intellect of the highest order1 with 
great simplicity of character and       
considerable oddity of manner2 and he   
hints that the college authorities had  
probably resented1 in the step they     
took1 certain attacks more declamatory  
than serious which ,hartley had got into
 the habit of indulging against all     
established institutions4 ,mr4 ,derwent 
,coleridge touches this part of the     
subject very daintily4 ,my brother was1 
however1 ,i am afraid1 more sincere in  
his invectives against establishments1  
as they appeared to his eyes at ,oxford1
 and elsewhere1 than ,mr4 ,dyce kindly  
supposes4 ,how poor ,hartley would have 
laughed at that6  ,one thing to the last
 he continued4 ,the simplicity of       
character which ,mr4 ,dyce attributes to
 his youth remained with him till long  
after his hair was prematurely white4   
,as ,wordsworth hoped for him in his    
childhood1 he kept      ,a young lamb's 
heart among the full-grown flock2  --and

 some delightful recollections of his   
ordinary existence from day to day among
 the lakes and mountains1 and in the    
service of the village schools1 are     
contributed to his brother's ,memoir4   
,here is one1 from one of the scholars  
he taught3       ,i first saw ,hartley  
in the beginning1 ,i think1 of #ahcg1   
when ,i      was at ,sedbergh1 and he   
heard us our lesson in ,mr4 ,green's    
parlor4 ,my impression of him was what  
,i conceived ,shakespeare's      idea of
 a gentleman to be1 something which we  
like to have in a      picture4 ,he was 
dressed in black1 his hair1 just touched
 with      gray1 fell in thick waves    
down his back1 and he had a frilled     
shirt on2 and there was a sort of       
autumnal ripeness and      brightness   
about him4 ,his shrill voice1 and his   
quick1      authoritative 'right6       
right6' and the chuckle with which he   
translated 'rerum repetundarum' as      
'peculation1 a very common      vice in 
governors of all ages1' after which he  

took a turn      round the sofa--all    
struck me amazingly2 his readiness      
astonished us all1 and even himself1 as 
he afterwards told me2      for1 during 
the time he was at the school1 he never 
had to use      a dictionary once1      
though we read ,dalzell's selections    
from      ,aristotle and ,longinus1 and 
several plays of ,sophocles4 ,he took   
his idea1 so he said1 from what ,de     
,quincy says of one of the      ,eton   
masters fagging the lesson1 to the great
 amusement of the      class1 and1 while
 waiting for the lesson1 he used to read
 a      newspaper4 ,while acting as     
second master he seldom occupied the    
master's desk1 but sat among the boys on
 one of the school      benches4 ,he    
very seldom came to school in a morning1
 never till      about eleven1 and in   
the afternoon about an hour after we had
      begun4 ,i never knew the least    
liberty taken with him1 though he       
was kinder and more familiar than was   
then the fashion with      masters4 ,his

 translations were remarkably vivid2 of 
,greek3      mogera mogers 'toiling and 
moiling2' and of some ship or      other
 in the ,philoctetes1 which he          
pronounced to be 'scudding      under   
main-top sails1' our conceptions became 
intelligible4      ,many of his         
translations were written down with his 
initials1      and ,i saw some1 not a   
long while ago1 in the ,sophocles of a  
late ,tutor at ,queen's ,college1       
,oxford1 who had them from              
tradition4 ,he gave most attention to   
our themes2 out of those      sent in he
 selected two or three1 which he then   
read aloud and      criticised2 and     
once1 when they happened to agree1      
remarked      there was always a        
coincidence of thought amongst great    
men4      ,out of school he never mixed 
with the boys1 but was sometimes        
seen1 to their astonishment1 running    
along the fields with his      arms     
outstretched1 and talking to himself4   
,he had no pet      scholars except one1

 a little fair-haired boy1 who he said  
ought to have been a girl4 ,he told me  
that was the only boy he      ever      
loved1 though he always loved little    
girls4 ,he was      remarkably fond of  
the travelling shows that occasionally  
visited the village4 ,i have seen him   
clap his hands with      delight2       
indeed1 in most of the simple delights  
of country      life1 he was like a     
child4 ,this is what occurs to me at    
present      of what he was when ,i     
first knew him2 and1 indeed1 my after   
recollections are of a similarly        
fragmentary kind1 consisting      only  
of those little1 numerous1 noiseless1   
every-day acts of      kindness1 the sum
 of which makes a ,christian life4 ,his 
love of      little children1 his       
sympathy with the poor and suffering1   
his      hatred of oppression1 the      
beauty and the grace of his             
politeness before women1 and his high   
manliness1--these are the      features 
which ,i shall never forget while ,i    

have any thing to      remember4  ,the  
same writer afterwards tells us3        
,on his way to one of these parties he  
called on me1 and ,i      could not help
 saying1 ',how well you look in a white 
neckcloth6' ',i wish you could see me   
sometimes1' he replied2      'if ,i had 
only black-silk stockings and           
shoe-buckles ,i should      be quite a  
gentleman4' ,those who had only seen him
 in the      careless dress that he     
chose to adopt in the lanes--his        
trowsers1 which were generally too long1
 doubled half way up      the leg1      
unbrushed1 and often splashed2 his hat  
brushed the      wrong way1 for he never
 used an umbrella2 and his wild1        
unshaven1 weather-beaten look--were     
amazed at his metamorphose      into    
such a faultless gentleman as he        
appeared when he was      dressed for   
the evening4 ',i hate silver forks with 
fish1' he      said2 ',i can't manage   
them4' ,so did ,dr4 ,arnold1 ,i told    
him4      ',that's capital2 ,i am glad  

of such an authority4 ,do you know ,i   
never understood the gladiator's        
excellence till the other day4      ,the
 way in which my brother eats fish with 
a silver fork made      the thing quite 
clear4'       ,he often referred to his 
boyish days1 when he told me he         
nearly poisoned half the house with his 
chemical infusions1 and      spoiled the
 pans1 with great delight4 ,the         
',pilgrim's ,progress'      was an early
 favorite with him4 ',it was strange1'  
he said1 'how      it had been          
overlooked4 ,children are often         
misunderstood4 ,when      ,i was a baby 
,i have often been in the greatest      
terror1 when1 to      all appearance1 ,i
 was quite still2--so frightened that ,i
 could      not make a noise4 ,crying1  
,i believe1 is oftener a sign of        
happiness than the reverse4 ,i was      
looked upon as a remarkable      child4 
,my mother told me1 when ,i was born she
 thought me an      ugly red thing2 but 
my father took me up and said1 ',there's

 no      sweeter baby any where than    
this4' ,he always thought too much      
of me4 ,i was very dull at school1 and  
hated arithmetic2 ,i      always had to 
count on my fingers4       ,he once took
 me to the little cottage where he lived
 by the      ,brathey1 when ,charles    
,lloyd and he were school-companions4   
,mrs4      ,nicholson1 of ,ambleside1   
told me of a donkey-race which they     
had from the market-cross to the end of 
the village and back1      and how      
,hartley came in last1 and minus his    
white straw hat4  ,those who remember   
the ordinary 7and most extraordinary7   
dress that hung about his small eager   
person1 will smile at this entry in his 
journal of a visit to ,rydal chapel1 and
 the reflections awakened therein3      
#agth4--,sunday4--,at ,rydal chapel4    
,alas6 ,i have been ,parcus      ,deorum
 cultor et infrequens of late4 ,would ,i
 could say with      assurance1 ,nunc   
interare cursus cogor relictos4 ,i never
 saw      ,axiologus 7,wordsworth7 look 

so venerable4 ,his cape cloak has       
such a gravity about it4 ,old gentlemen 
should never wear light      great coats
 unless they be military2 and even then 
,uncle ,toby's      ,roquelaure would be
 more becoming than all the frogs in    
,styx4      ,on the other hand1 loose   
trowsers should never invest the        
nether limbs of led4 ,it looks as if the
 ,septuagenarian were      ashamed of a 
diminished calf4 ,the sable silk is good
 and      clerical1 so are the gray     
pearl and the partridge4 ,i revere      
gray worsted and ridge and furrow for   
,greek3 ,omak rites his      sake1 but  
perhaps the bright white lamb's wool    
doth most set      off the leg of an    
elderly man4 ,the hose should be drawn  
over      the knees1 unless the rank and
 fortune require diamond buckles4       
,paste or ,bristol stones should never  
approach a gentleman of      any age4   
,roomy shoes1 not of varnished leather4 
,broad      shoe-buckles1 well polished4
 ,cleanliness is an ornament to         

youth1 but an indispensable necessity to
 old age4 ,breeches1      velvet or     
velveteen1 or some other solid stuff4   
,there may be      serious objections to
 reviving the trunk breeches of our     
ancestors4 ,i am afraid that hoops would
 follow in their train4      ,but the   
flapped waistcoat1 the deep cuffs1 and  
guarded      pocket-holes1 the low      
collar1 ,i should hail with pleasure2   
that      is1 for grandfathers and men  
of grandfatherly years4 ,i was          
about to add the point-lace ruffles1    
cravat1 and frill1 but ,i      pause in 
consideration of the miseries and       
degraded state of      the lace makers4 
,occasional passages in his letters are 
very beautiful1 and very sad4 ,here is  
one--adverting to some attack made upon 
him3       ',this jargon1' said my      
orthodox reviewer1 'might be excused in 
an alderman of ,london1 but not in a    
,fellow elect of ,oriel1' or            
something to the same purpose1 evidently
 designing to recall to      memory the 

most painful passage of a life not over 
happy4 ,but      perhaps it is as well  
to let it alone4 ,the writer might be   
some      one in whom my kindred are    
interested2 for ,i am as much alone     
in my revolt as ,abdiel in his          
constancy4  ,we are glad to see valuable
 testimony borne by ,mr4 ,james         
,spedding as to his habits having left  
unimpaired his moral and spiritual      
sensibility3       ,of his general      
character and way of life ,i might have 
been      able to say something to the  
purpose1 if ,i had seen more of         
him4 ,but though he was a person so     
interesting to me in      himself1 and  
with so many subjects of interest in    
common with      me1 that a little      
intercourse went a great way2 so that ,i
 feel      as if ,i knew him much better
 than many persons of whom ,i have      
seen much more2 yet ,i have in fact been
 very seldom in his      company4 ,if ,i
 should say ten times altogether1 ,i    
should not be      understating the     

number2 and this is not enough to       
qualify me      for a reporter1 when    
there must be so many competent         
observers      living1 who really knew  
him well4 ,one very strong impression1  
however1 with which ,i always came away 
from him1 may be worth      mentioning2 
,i mean1 that his moral and spiritual   
sensibilities      seemed to be         
absolutely untouched by the life he was 
leading4      ,the error of his life    
sprung1 ,i suppose1 from moral          
incapacity      of some kind--his way of
 life seemed in some things destructive 
of self-respect2 and was certainly      
regarded by himself with a      feeling 
of shame1 which in his seasons of       
self-communion became      passionate2  
and yet it did not at all degrade his   
mind4 ,it      left1 not his            
understanding only1 but also his        
imagination and      feelings1 perfectly
 healthy1--free1 fresh1 and pure4 ,his  
language might be sometimes what some   
people would call gross1      but that  

,i think was not from any want of true  
delicacy1 but      from a masculine     
disdain of false delicacy2 and his      
opinions1      and judgment1 and        
speculations1 were in the highest degree
      refined and elevated--full of     
chivalrous generosity1 and      purity1 
and manly tenderness4 ,such1 at least1  
was my invariable      impression4 ,it  
always surprised me1 but fresh          
observations      always confirmed it4  
,when ,wordsworth heard of his death1 he
 was much affected1 and gave the        
touching direction to his brother3--,let
 him lie by us3 he would have wished it4
 ,it was accordingly so arranged4       
,the day following he walked over with  
me to ,grasmere--to the      churchyard1
 a plain enclosure of the olden time1   
surrounding      the old village church1
 in which lay the remains of his wife's 
sister1 his nephew1 and his beloved     
daughter4 ,here1 having      desired the
 sexton to measure out the ground for   
his own and      for ,mrs4 ,wordsworth's

 grave1 he bade him measure out the     
space      of a third grave for my      
brother1 immediately beyond4            
',when ,i lifted up my eyes from my     
daughter's grave1' he      exclaimed1   
'he was standing there6' pointing to the
 spot where      my brother had stood on
 the sorrowful occasion to which he     
alluded4 ,then turning to the sexton1 he
 said1 ',keep the ground      for       
us1--we are old people1 and it cannot be
 for long4'       ,in the grave thus    
marked out1 my brother's remains were   
laid      on the following ,thursday1   
and in little more than a               
twelvemonth his venerable and venerated 
friend was brought to      occupy his   
own4 ,they lie in the south-east angle  
of the      churchyard1 not far from a  
group of trees1 with the little         
beck1 that feeds the lake with its clear
 waters1 murmuring by      their side4  
,around them are the quiet mountains4   
,we have often expressed a high opinion 
of ,hartley ,coleridge's poetical       

genius4 ,it was a part of the sadness of
 his life that he could not concentrate 
his powers1 in this or any other        
department of his intellect1 to high and
 continuous aims--but we were not       
prepared for such rich proof of its     
exercise1 within the limited field      
assigned to it1 as these volumes offer4 
,they largely and lastingly contribute  
to the rare stores of true poetry4 ,in  
the sonnet ,hartley ,coleridge was a    
master unsurpassed by the greatest4 ,to 
its narrow plot of ground his habits1   
when applied in the cultivation of the  
muse1 most naturally led him--and here  
he may claim no undeserved companionship
 even with ,shakespeare1 ,milton1 and   
,wordsworth4 ,we take a few--with       
affecting personal reference in all of  
them4      ,hast thou not seen an aged  
rifted tower1     ,meet habitation for  
the ,ghost of ,time1     ,where fearful 
ravage makes decay sublime1     ,and    
destitution wears the face of power8    
,yet is the fabric deck'd with many a   

flower     ,of fragrance wild1 and      
many-dappled hues1     ,gold streak'd   
with iron-brown and nodding blue1       
,making each ruinous chink a fairy      
bower4     ,e'en such a thing methinks  
,i fain would be1     ,should ,heaven   
appoint me to a lengthen'd age2     ,so 
old in look1 that ,young and ,old may   
see     ,the record of my closing       
pilgrimage3     ,yet1 to the last1 a    
rugged wrinkled thing     ,to which     
young sweetness may delight to cling6   
,pains ,i have known1 that cannot be    
again1     ,and pleasures too that never
 can be more3     ,for loss of pleasure 
,i was never sore1     ,but worse1 far  
worse is to feel no pain4     ,the      
throes and agonies of a heart explain   
,its very depth of want at inmost core2 
,prove that it does believe1 and would  
adore1     ,and doth with ill for ever  
strive and strain4     ,i not lament for
 happy childish years1     ,for loves   
departed1 that have had their day1      
,or hopes that faded when my head was   

gray2     ,for death hath left me last  
of my compeers3     ,but for the pain ,i
 felt1 the gushing tears     ,i used to 
shed when ,i had gone astray4      ,a   
lonely wanderer upon the earth am ,i1   
,the waif of nature--like uprooted weed 
,borne by the stream1 or like a shaken  
reed1     ,a frail dependent of the     
fickle sky4     ,far1 far away1 are all 
my natural kin2     ,the mother that    
erewhile hath hush'd my cry1     ,almost
 hath grown a mere fond memory4         
,where is my sister's smile8 my         
brother's boisterous din8     ,ah6      
nowhere now4 ,a matron grave and sage1  
,a holy mother is that sister sweet4    
,and that bold brother is a pastor meet 
,to guide1 instruct1 reprove a sinful   
age1     ,almost ,i fear1 and yet ,i    
fain would greet2     ,so far astray    
hath been my pilgrimage4      ,how shall
 a man fore-doom'd to lone estate1      
,untimely old1 irreverently gray1       
,much like a patch of dusky snow in     
,may1     ,dead sleeping in a           

hollow--all too late--     ,how shall so
 poor a thing congratulate     ,the     
blest completion of a patient wooing1   
,or how commend a younger man for doing 
,what ne'er to do hath been his fault or
 fate8     ,there is a fable1 that ,i   
once did read4     ,of a bad angel that 
was someway good1     ,and therefore on 
the brink of ,heaven he stood1          
,looking each way1 and no way could     
proceed2     ,till at the last he purged
 away his sin     ,by loving all the joy
 he saw within4  ,here is another poem  
of very touching reference to his       
personal story3      ,when ,i received  
this volume small1       ,my years were 
barely seventeen2     ,when it was hoped
 ,i should be all       ,which once1    
alas6 ,i might have been4      ,and now 
my years are thirty-five1       ,and    
every mother hopes her lamb1     ,and   
every happy child alive1       ,may     
never be what now ,i am4      ,but yet  
should any chance to look       ,on the 
strange medley scribbled here4     ,i   

charge thee1 tell them1 little book1    
,i am not vile as ,i appear4      ,oh6  
tell them though thy purpose lame       
,in fortune's race1 was still behind1-- 
,though earthly blots my name defiled1  
,they ne'er abused my better mind4      
,of what men are1 and why they are      
,so weak1 so wofully beguiled1     ,much
 ,i have learned1 but better far1       
,i know my soul is reconciled4  ,before 
we shut the volumes--which will often   
and often be re-opened by their         
readers--we may instance1 in proof of   
the variety of his verse1 some masterly 
heroic couplets on the character of     
,dryden1 which will be seen in a series 
of admirable sketches of ,english poets 
found written on the fly-leaves and     
covers of his copy of ,anderson's       
,british ,poets4 ,the successors of     
,dryden are not less admirably handled1 
and there are some sketches of ,wilkie1 
,dodsley1 ,langhorne1 and rhymers of    
that class1 inimitable for their truth  
and spirit4  ,,footnotes3  ,j ,poems by 

,hartley ,coleridge4 ,with a ,memoir of 
his ,life4 ,by his ,brother4 ,two vols4 
,moxon4     ,from the ,cincinnati       
,commercial ,advertiser4  ,,lyra4--,a   
,,lament4  ,,by ,,alice ,,carey4        
,maidens1 whose tresses shine1          
,crowned with daffodil and eglantine1   
,or1 from their stringed buds of        
brier-roses1     ,bright as the vermeil 
closes     ,of ,april twilights1 after  
sobbing rains1     ,fall down in rippled
 skeins     ,and golden tangles1 low    
,about your bosoms1 dainty as new snow2 
,while the warm shadows blow in softest 
gales       ,fair hawthorn flowers and  
cherry blossoms white     ,against your 
kirtles1 like the froth from pails      
,o'er brimmed with milk at night1       
,when lowing heifers bury their sleek   
flanks     ,in winrows of sweet hay1 or 
clover banks--     ,come near and hear1 
,i pray1     ,my plained roundelay3     
,where creeping vines o'errun the sunny 
leas1     ,sadly1 sweet souls1 ,i watch 
your shining bands     ,filling with    

stained hands       ,your leafy cups    
with lush red strawberries2     ,or deep
 in murmurous glooms1     ,in yellow    
mosses full of starry blooms1           
,sunken at ease--each busied as she     
likes1       ,or stripping from the     
grass the beaded dews1     ,or picking  
jagged leaves from the slim spikes      
,of tender pinks--with warbled interfuse
     ,of poesy divine1       ,that haply
 long ago       ,some wretched borderer 
of the realm of wo     ,wrought to a    
dulcet line3     ,if in your lovely     
years     ,there be a sorrow that may   
touch with tears     ,the eyelids       
piteously1 they must be shed     ,,for  
,,lyra1 ,,dead4     ,the mantle of the  
,may       ,was blown almost within     
summer's reach1     ,and all the orchard
 trees1       ,apple1 and pear1 and     
peach1     ,were full of yellow bees1   
,flown from their hives away4     ,the  
callow dove upon the dusty beam         
,fluttered its little wings in streaks  
of light1       ,and the gray swallow   

twittered full in sight--     ,harmless 
the unyoked team       ,browsed from the
 budding elms1 and thrilling lays       
,made musical prophecies of brighter    
days2     ,and all went jocundly2 ,i    
could but say4     ,ah6 well-a-day6     
,what time spring thaws the wold1       
,and in the dead leaves come up sprouts 
of gold1     ,and green and ribby blue1 
that after hours     ,encrown with      
flowers2     ,heavily lies my heart     
,from all delights apart1     ,even as  
an echo hungry for the wind1     ,when  
fail the silver-kissing waves to unbind 
,the music bedded in the drowsy strings 
,of the sea's golden shells--     ,that1
 sometimes1 with their honeyed          
murmurings       ,fill all its          
underswells3     ,for o'er the sunshine 
fell a shadow wide     ,when ,lyra died4
     ,when sober ,autumn1 with his      
mist-bound brows1     ,sits drearily    
beneath the fading boughs1     ,and the 
rain1 chilly cold1     ,wrings from his 
beard of gold1     ,and as some comfort 

for his lonesome hours1     ,hides in   
his bosom stalks of withered flowers1   
,i think about what leaves are drooping 
round     ,a smoothly shapen mound2     
,and if the wild wind cries     ,where  
,lyra lies1     ,sweet shepherds1 softly
 blow     ,ditties most sad and low--   
,piping on hollow reeds to your pent    
sheep--     ,calm be my ,lyra's sleep4  
,unvexed with dream of the rough briers 
that pull     ,from his strayed lambs   
the wool6     ,o1 star1 that tremblest  
dim     ,upon the welkin's rim1         
,send with thy milky shadows from above 
,tidings about my love2     ,if that    
some envious wave     ,made his untimely
 grave1     ,or if1 so softening half my
 wild regrets1     ,some coverlid of    
bluest violets     ,was softly put      
aside1     ,what time he died6     ,nay1
 come not1 piteous maids1     ,out of   
the murmurous shades2     ,but keep your
 tresses crowned as you may     ,with   
eglantine and daffodillies gay1     ,and
 with the dews of myrtles wash your     

cheek1     ,when flamy streaks1         
,uprunning the gray orient1 tell of     
morn--     ,while ,i1 forlorn1     ,pour
 all my heart in tears and plaints1     
instead1     ,,for ,,lyra1 ,,dead4      
,from ,fraser's ,magazine4  ,,my        
,,novel3  ,,or1 ,,varieties ,,in        
,,english ,,life4  ,,by ,,pisistratus   
,,caxton4  ,continued from page #abf4   
,,part ,,viii4--,,chapter ,,xiii4  ,mr4 
,dale had been more than a quarter of an
 hour conversing with ,mrs4 ,avenel1 and
 had seemingly made little progress in  
the object of his diplomatic mission1   
for now1 slowly drawing on his gloves1  
he said1--  ,i grieve to think1 ,mrs4   
,avenel1 that you should have so        
hardened your heart--yes--you must      
pardon me--it is my vocation to speak   
stern truths4 ,you cannot say that ,i   
have not kept faith with you1 but ,i    
must now invite you to remember that ,i 
specially reserved to myself the right  
of exercising a discretion to act as ,i 
judged best1 for the child's interests1 

on any future occasion2 and it was upon 
this understanding that you gave me the 
promise1 which you would now evade1 of  
providing for him when he came into     
manhood4  ,i say ,i will provide for    
him4 ,i say that you may 'prentice him  
in any distant town1 and by-and-by we   
will stock a shop for him4 ,what would  
you have more1 sir1 from folks like us1 
who have kept shop ourselves8 ,it ain't 
reasonable what you ask1 sir6  ,my dear 
friend1 said the ,parson1 what ,i ask of
 you at present is but to see him--to   
receive him kindly--to listen to his    
conversation--to judge for yourselves4  
,we can have but a common object--that  
your grandson should succeed in life1   
and do you credit4 ,now1 ,i doubt very  
much whether we can effect this by      
making him a small shopkeeper4  ,and has
 ,jane ,fairfield1 who married a common 
carpenter1 brought him up to despise    
small shopkeepers8 exclaimed ,mrs4      
,avenel1 angrily4  ,heaven forbid6 ,some
 of the first men in ,england have been 

the sons of small shopkeepers4 ,but is  
it a crime in them1 or their parents1 if
 their talents have lifted them into    
such rank or renown as the haughtiest   
duke might envy8 ,england were not      
,england if a man must rest where his   
father began4  ,good6 said1 or rather   
grunted1 an approving voice1 but neither
 ,mrs4 ,avenel nor the ,parson heard it4
  ,all very fine1 said ,mrs4 ,avenel1   
bluntly4 ,but to send a boy like that to
 the university--where's the money to   
come from8  ,my dear ,mrs4 ,avenel1 said
 the ,parson1 coaxingly1 the cost need  
not be great at a small college at      
,cambridge2 and if you will pay half the
 expense1 ,i will pay the other half4 ,i
 have no children of my own1 and can    
afford it4  ,that's very handsome in    
you1 sir1 said ,mrs4 ,avenel1 somewhat  
touched1 yet still not graciously1 ,but 
the money is not the only point4  ,once 
at ,cambridge1 continued ,mr4 ,dale1    
speaking rapidly1 at ,cambridge1 where  
the studies are mathematical--that is1  

of a nature for which he has shown so   
great an aptitude--and ,i have no doubt 
he will distinguish himself2 if he does1
 he will obtain1 on leaving1 what is    
called a fellowship--that is a          
collegiate dignity accompanied by an    
income on which he could maintain       
himself until he made his way in life4  
,come1 ,mrs4 ,avenel1 you are well off2 
you have no relations nearer to you in  
want of your aid4 ,your son1 ,i hear1   
has been very fortunate4  ,sir1 said    
,mrs4 ,avenel1 interrupting the ,parson1
 it is not because my son ,richard is an
 honor to us1 and is a good son1 and has
 made his fortin1 that we are to rob him
 of what we have to leave1 and give it  
to a boy whom we know nothing about1 and
 who1 in spite of what you say1 can't   
bring upon us any credit at all4  ,why8 
,i don't see that4  ,why8 exclaimed     
,mrs4 ,avenel1 fiercely--why8 you know  
why4 ,no1 ,i don't want him to rise in  
life2 ,i don't want folks to be speiring
 and asking about him4 ,i think it is a 

very wicked thing to have put fine      
notions in his head1 and ,i am sure my  
daughter ,fairfield could not have done 
it herself4 ,and now1 to ask me to rob  
,richard1 and bring out a great         
boy--who's been a gardener1 or          
ploughman1 or such like--to disgrace a  
gentleman who keeps his carriage1 as my 
son ,richard does--,i would have you to 
know1 sir1 no6 ,i won't do it1 and      
there's an end to the matter4  ,during  
the last two or three minutes1 and just 
before that approving good had responded
 to the ,parson's popular sentiment1 a  
door communicating with an inner room   
had been gently opened1 and stood ajar2 
but this incident neither party had even
 noticed4 ,but now the door was thrown  
boldly open1 and the traveller whom the 
,parson had met at the inn walked up to 
,mr4 ,dale1 and said1 ,no6 that's not   
the end of the matter4 ,you say the     
boy's a cute1 clever lad8  ,richard1    
have you been listening8 exclaimed ,mrs4
 ,avenel4  ,well1 ,i guess1 yes--the    

last few minutes4  ,and what have you   
heard8  ,why1 that this reverend        
gentleman thinks so highly of my sister 
,fairfield's boy that he offers to pay  
half of his keep at college4 ,sir1 ,i'm 
very much obliged to you1 and there's my
 hand1 if you'll take it4  ,the ,parson 
jumped up1 overjoyed1 and1 with a       
triumphant glance towards ,mrs4 ,avenel1
 shook hands heartily with ,mr4         
,richard4  ,now1 said the latter1 just  
put on your hat1 sir1 and take a stroll 
with me1 and we'll discuss the thing    
business-like4 ,women don't understand  
business2 never talk to women on        
business4  ,with these words1 ,mr4      
,richard drew out a cigar-case1 selected
 a cigar1 which he applied to the       
candle1 and walked into the hall4  ,mrs4
 ,avenel caught hold of the ,parson4    
,sir1 you'll be on your guard with      
,richard4 ,remember your promise4  ,he  
does not know all1 then8  ,he8 ,no6 ,and
 you see he did not overhear more than  
what he says4 ,i'm sure you're a        

gentleman1 and won't go agin your word4 
,my word was conditional2 but ,i will   
promise you never to break the silence  
without more reason than ,i think there 
is here for it4 ,indeed1 ,mr4 ,richard  
,avenel seems to save all necessity for 
that4  ,are you coming1 sir8 cried      
,richard1 as he opened the street door4 
,,chapter ,,xiv4  ,the ,parson joined   
,mr4 ,richard ,avenel on the road4 ,it  
was a fine night1 and the moon clear and
 shining4  ,so1 then1 said ,mr4         
,richard1 thoughtfully1 poor ,jane1 who 
was always the drudge of the family1 has
 contrived to bring up her son well2 and
 the boy is really what you say1        
eh8--could make a figure at college8  ,i
 am sure of it1 said the ,parson1       
hooking himself on to the arm which ,mr 
,avenel proffered4  ,i should like to   
see him1 said ,richard4 ,has he any     
manner8 ,is he genteel1 or a mere       
country lout8  ,indeed1 he speaks with  
so much propriety1 and has so much      
modest dignity1 ,i might say1 about him1

 that there's many a rich gentleman who 
would be proud of such a son4  ,it is   
odd1 observed ,richard1 what difference 
there is in families4 ,there's ,jane    
now--who can't read nor write1 and was  
just fit to be a workman's wife--had not
 a thought above her station2 and when  
,i think of my poor sister ,nora--you   
would not believe it1 sir1 but she was  
the most elegant creature in the        
world--yes1 even as a child1 7she was   
but a child when ,i went off to         
,america47 ,and often1 as ,i was getting
 on in life1 often ,i used to say to    
myself1 ',my little ,nora shall be a    
lady after all4 ,poor thing--but she    
died young4'  ,richard's voice grew     
husky4  ,the ,parson kindly pressed the 
arm on which he leaned1 and said1 after 
a pause--  ,nothing refines us like     
education1 sir4 ,i believe your sister  
,nora had received much instruction1 and
 had the talents to profit by it4 ,it is
 the same with your nephew4  ,i'll see  
him1 said ,richard1 stamping his foot   

firmly on the ground1 and if ,i like    
him1 ,i'll be as good as a father to    
him4 ,look you1 ,mr4--what's your name1 
sir8  ,dale4  ,mr4 ,dale1 look you1 ,i'm
 a single man4 ,perhaps ,i may marry    
some day2 perhaps ,i shan't4 ,i'm not   
going to throw myself away4 ,if ,i can  
get a lady of quality1 why--but that's  
neither here nor there2 meanwhile1 ,i   
should be glad of a nephew whom ,i need 
not be ashamed of4 ,you see1 sir1 ,i'm a
 new man1 the builder of my own         
fortunes2 and1 though ,i have picked up 
a little education--,i don't well know  
how--as ,i scrambled on1 still1 now ,i  
come back to the old country1 ,i'm well 
aware that ,i am not exactly a match for
 those d----d aristocrats--don't show so
 well in a drawing-room as ,i could     
wish4 ,i could be a ,parliament man if  
,i liked1 but ,i might make a goose of  
myself2 so1 all things considered1 if ,i
 can get a sort of junior partner to do 
the polite work1 and show off the goods1
 ,i think the house of ,avenel  ,co4    

might become a pretty considerable honor
 to the ,britishers4 ,you understand me1
 sir8  ,oh1 very well1 answered ,mr4    
,dale1 smiling1 though rather gravely4  
,now1 continued the ,new ,man1 ,i'm not 
ashamed to have risen in life by my own 
merits2 and ,i don't disguise what ,i've
 been4 ,and1 when ,i'm in my own grand  
house1 ,i'm fond of saying1 ',i landed  
at ,new-,york with ten pounds in my     
purse1 and here ,i am6' ,but it would   
not do to have the old folks with me4   
,people take you with all your faults1  
if you're rich1 but they won't swallow  
your family into the bargain4 ,so1 if ,i
 don't have my own father and mother1   
whom ,i love dearly1 and should like to 
see sitting at table1 with my servants  
behind their chairs1 ,i could still less
 have sister ,jane4 ,i recollect her    
very well1 and she can't have got       
genteeler as she's grown older4         
,therefore ,i beg you'll not set her on 
coming after me2 it won't do by any     
manner of means4 ,don't say a word about

 me to her4 ,but send the boy down here 
to his grandfather1 and ,i'll see him   
quietly1 you understand4  ,yes1 but it  
will be hard to separate her from the   
boy4  ,stuff6 all boys are separated    
from their parents when they go into the
 world4 ,so that's settled4 ,now1 just  
tell me4 ,i know the old folks always   
snubbed ,jane--that is1 mother did4 ,my 
poor dear father never snubbed any of   
us4 ,perhaps mother has not behaved     
altogether well to ,jane4 ,but we must  
not blame her for that2 you see this is 
how it happened4 ,there were a good many
 of us1 while father and mother kept    
shop in the ,high ,street1 so we were   
all to be provided for1 anyhow2 and     
,jane1 being very useful and handy at   
work1 got a place when she was a little 
girl1 and had no time for learning4     
,afterwards my father made a lucky hit1 
in getting my ,lord ,lansmere's custom  
after an election1 in which he did a    
great deal for the ,blues1 7for he was a
 famous electioneerer1 my poor father47 

,my ,lady stood godmother to ,nora2 and 
then most of my brothers and sisters    
died off1 and father retired from       
business2 and when he took ,jane from   
service1 she was so common-like that    
mother could not help contrasting her   
with ,nora4 ,you see ,jane was their    
child when they were poor little shop   
people1 with their heads scarce above   
water2 and ,nora was their child when   
they were well off1 and had retired from
 trade1 and lived genteel3 so that makes
 a great difference4 ,and mother did not
 quite look on her as on her own child4 
,but it was ,jane's own fault2 for      
mother would have made it up with her if
 she had married the son of our neighbor
 the great linen-draper1 as she might   
have done2 but she would take ,mark     
,fairfield1 a common carpenter4 ,parents
 like best those of their children who  
succeed best in life4 ,natural4 ,why1   
they did not care for me until ,i came  
back the man ,i am4 ,but to return to   
,jane3 ,i'm afraid they've neglected    

her4 ,how is she off8  ,she earns her   
livelihood1 and is poor1 but contented4 
,ah1 just be good enough to give her    
this1 and ,richard took a bank-note of  
fifty pounds from his pocket-book4 ,you 
can say the old folks sent it to her2 or
 that it is a present from ,dick1       
without telling her he had come back    
from ,america4  ,my dear sir1 said the  
,parson1 ,i am more and more thankful to
 have made your acquaintance4 ,this is a
 very liberal gift of yours2 but your   
best plan will be to send it through    
your mother4 ,for1 though ,i don't want 
to betray any confidence you place in   
me1 ,i should not know what to answer if
 ,mrs4 ,fairfield began to question me  
about her brother4 ,i never had but one 
secret to keep1 and ,i hope ,i shall    
never have another4 ,a secret is very   
like a lie6  ,you had a secret1 then1   
said ,richard1 as he took back the      
bank-note4 ,he had learned1 perhaps1 in 
,america1 to be a very inquisitive man4 
,he added point-blank1 ,pray what was   

it8  ,why1 what it would not be if ,i   
told you1 said the ,parson1 with a      
forced laugh1--a secret6  ,well1 ,i     
guess we're in a land of liberty4 ,do as
 you like4 ,now1 ,i daresay you think me
 a very odd fellow to come out of my    
shell to you in this off-hand way4 ,but 
,i liked the look of you1 even when we  
were at the inn together4 ,and just now 
,i was uncommonly pleased to find that1 
though you are a parson1 you don't want 
to keep a man's nose down to a          
shop-board1 if he has any thing in him4 
,you're not one of the aristocrats--    
,indeed1 said the ,parson with imprudent
 warmth1 it is not the character of the 
aristocracy of this country to keep     
people down4 ,they make way amongst     
themselves for any man1 whatever his    
birth1 who has the talent and energy to 
aspire to their level4 ,that's the      
especial boast of the ,british          
constitution1 sir6  ,oh1 you think so do
 you6 said ,mr4 ,richard1 looking sourly
 at the ,parson4 ,i daresay those are   

the opinions in which you have brought  
up the lad4 ,just keep him yourself1 and
 let the aristocracy provide for him6   
,the parson's generous and patriotic    
warmth evaporated at once1 at this      
sudden inlet of cold air into the       
conversation4 ,he perceived that he had 
made a terrible blunder2 and1 as it was 
not his business at that moment to      
vindicate the ,british constitution1 but
 to serve ,leonard ,fairfield1 he       
abandoned the cause of the aristocracy  
with the most poltroon and scandalous   
abruptness4 ,catching at the arm which  
,mr4 ,avenel had withdrawn from him1 he 
exclaimed3  ,indeed1 sir1 you are       
mistaken2 ,i have never attempted to    
influence your nephew's political       
opinions4 ,on the contrary1 if1 at his  
age1 he can be said to have formed any  
opinion1 ,i am greatly afraid--that is1 
,i think his opinions are by no means   
sound--that is constitutional4 ,i mean1 
,i mean-- ,and the poor ,parson1 anxious
 to select a word that would not offend 

his listener1 stopped short in          
lamentable confusion of idea4  ,mr4     
,avenel enjoyed his distress for a      
moment1 with a saturnine smile1 and then
 said3  ,well1 ,i calculate he's a      
,radical4 ,natural enough1 if he has not
 got a sixpence to lose--all come right 
by-and-by4 ,i'm not a ,radical--at least
 not a destructive--much too clever a   
man for that1 ,i hope4 ,but ,i wish to  
see things very different from what they
 are4 ,don't fancy that ,i want the     
common people1 who've got nothing1 to   
pretend to dictate to their betters1    
because ,i hate to see a parcel of      
fellows1 who are called lords and       
squires1 trying to rule the roast4 ,i   
think1 sir1 that it is men like me who  
ought to be at the top of the tree6 and 
that's the long and short of it4 ,what  
do you say8  ,i've not the least        
objection1 said the crestfallen ,parson 
basely4 ,but1 to do him justice1 ,i must
 add that he did not the least know what
 he was saying6   ,,chapter ,,xv4       

,unconscious of the change in his fate  
which the diplomacy of the ,parson      
sought to effect1 ,leonard ,fairfield   
was enjoying the first virgin sweetness 
of fame2 for the principal town in his  
neighborhood had followed the then      
growing fashion of the age1 and set up a
 ,mechanic's ,institute2 and some worthy
 persons interested in the formation of 
that provincial ,athenum had offered a  
prize for the best ,essay on the        
,diffusion of ,knowledge1--a very trite 
subject1 on which persons seem to think 
they can never say too much1 and on     
which there is1 nevertheless1 a great   
deal yet to be said4 ,this prize        
,leonard ,fairfield had recently won4   
,his ,essay had been publicly           
complimented by a full meeting of the   
,institute2 it had been printed at the  
expense of the ,society1 and had been   
rewarded by a silver medal--delineative 
of ,apollo crowning ,merit1 7poor ,merit
 had not a rag to his back2 but ,merit1 
left only to the care of ,apollo1 never 

is too good a customer to the tailor67  
,and the ,county ,gazette had declared  
that ,britain had produced another      
prodigy in the person of ,dr4           
,riccabocca's self-educated gardener4   
,attention was now directed to          
,leonard's mechanical contrivances4 ,the
 ,squire1 ever eagerly bent on          
improvements1 had brought an engineer to
 inspect the lad's system of irrigation1
 and the engineer had been greatly      
struck by the simple means by which a   
very considerable technical difficulty  
had been overcome4 ,the neighboring     
farmers now called ,leonard ,mr4        
,fairfield1 and invited him on equal    
terms1 to their houses4 ,mr4 ,stirn had 
met him on the high road1 touched his   
hat1 and hoped that he bore no malice4  
,all this1 ,i say1 was the first        
sweetness of fame2 and if ,leonard      
,fairfield comes to be a great man1 he  
will never find such sweets in the after
 fruit4 ,it was this success which had  
determined the ,parson on the step which

 he had just taken1 and which he had    
long before anxiously meditated4 ,for1  
during the last year or so1 he had      
renewed his old intimacy with the widow 
and the boy2 and he had noticed1 with   
great hope and great fear1 the rapid    
growth of an intellect1 which now stood 
out from the lowly circumstances that   
surrounded it in bold and unharmonizing 
relief4  ,it was the evening after his  
return home that the ,parson strolled up
 to the ,casino4 ,he put ,leonard       
,fairfield's ,prize ,essay in his       
pocket4 ,for he felt that he could not  
let the young man go forth into the     
world without a preparatory lecture1 and
 he intended to scourge poor ,merit with
 the very laurel wreath which it had    
received from ,apollo4 ,but in this he  
wanted ,riccabocca's assistance2 or     
rather he feared that1 if he did not get
 the ,philosopher on his side1 the      
,philosopher might undo all the work of 
the ,parson4   ,,chapter ,,xvi4  ,a     
sweet sound came through the orange     

boughs1 and floated to the ears of the  
,parson1 as he wound slowly up the      
gentle ascent--so sweet1 so silvery1 he 
paused in delight--unaware1 wretched    
man6 that he was thereby conniving at   
,papistical errors4 ,soft it came1 and  
sweet3 softer and sweeter--,ave ,maria6 
,violante was chanting the evening hymn 
to the ,virgin ,mother4 ,the ,parson at 
last distinguished the sense of the     
words1 and shook his head with the pious
 shake of an orthodox ,protestant4 ,he  
broke from the spell resolutely1 and    
walked on with a sturdy step4 ,gaining  
the terrace he found the little family  
seated under an awning4 ,mrs4           
,riccabocca knitting2 the ,signor with  
his arms folded on his breast3 the book 
he had been reading a few moments before
 had fallen on the ground1 and his dark 
eyes were soft and dreamy4 ,violante had
 finished her hymn1 and seated herself  
on the ground between the two1 pillowing
 her head on her step-mother's lap1 but 
with her hand resting on her father's   

knee1 and her gaze fixed fondly on his  
face4  ,good evening1 said ,mr4 ,dale4  
,violante stole up to him1 and1 pulling 
him so as to bring his ear nearer to her
 lip1 whispered1--,talk to papa1 do--and
 cheerfully2 he is sad4  ,she escaped   
from him1 as she said this1 and appeared
 to busy herself with watering the      
flowers arranged on stands round the    
awning4 ,but she kept her swimming      
lustrous eyes wistfully on her father4  
,how fares it with you1 my dear friend8 
said the ,parson kindly1 as he rested   
his hand on the ,italian's shoulder4    
,you must not let him get out of        
spirits1 ,mrs4 ,riccabocca4  ,i am very 
ungrateful to her if ,i ever am so1 said
 the poor ,italian1 with all his natural
 gallantry4 ,many a good wife1 who      
thinks it is a reproach to her if her   
husband is ever 'out of spirits1' might 
have turned peevishly from that speech  
more elegant than sincere1 and so have  
made bad worse4 ,but ,mrs4 ,riccabocca  
took her husband's proffered hand       

affectionately1 and said with great     
navet3  ,you see ,i am so stupid1 ,mr4  
,dale2 ,i never knew ,i was so stupid   
till ,i married4 ,but ,i am very glad   
you are come4 ,you can get on some      
learned subject together1 and then he   
will not miss so much his--  ,his what8 
asked ,riccabocca1 inquisitively4  ,his 
country4 ,do you think that ,i cannot   
sometimes read your thoughts8  ,very    
often4 ,but you did not read them just  
then4 ,the tongue touches where the     
tooth aches1 but the best dentist cannot
 guess at the tooth unless one opens    
one's mouth4 ,basta6 ,can we offer you  
some wine of our own making1 ,mr4       
,dale8--it is pure4  ,i'd rather have   
some tea1 quoth the ,parson hastily4    
,mrs4 ,riccabocca1 too pleased to be in 
her natural element of domestic use1    
hurried into the house to prepare our   
national beverage4 ,and the ,parson1    
sliding into her chair1 said--  ,but you
 are dejected1 then8 ,fie6 ,if there's a
 virtue in the world at which we should 

always aim1 it is cheerfulness4  ,i     
don't dispute it1 said ,riccabocca1 with
 a heavy sigh4 ,but though it is said by
 some ,greek1 who1 ,i think1 is quoted  
by your favorite ,seneca1 that a wise   
man carries his country with him at the 
soles of his feet1 he can't carry also  
the sunshine4  ,i tell you what it is1  
said the ,parson bluntly1 you would have
 a much keener sense of happiness if you
 had much less esteem for philosophy4   
,cospetto6 said the ,doctor1 rousing    
himself4 ,just explain1 will you8  ,does
 not the search after wisdom induce     
desires not satisfied in this small     
circle to which your life is confined8  
,it is not so much your country for     
which you yearn1 as it is for space to  
your intellect1 employment for your     
thoughts1 career for your aspirations4  
,you have guessed at the tooth which    
aches1 said ,riccabocca with admiration4
  ,easy to do that1 answered the        
,parson4 ,our wisdom teeth come last1   
and give us the most pain4 ,and if you  

would just starve the mind a little1 and
 nourish the heart more1 you would be   
less of a philosopher1 and more of a--  
,the ,parson had the word ,christian at 
the tip of his tongue3 he suppressed a  
word that1 so spoken1 would have been   
exceedingly irritating1 and substituted1
 with inelegant antithesis1 and more of 
a happy man6  ,i do all ,i can with my  
heart1 quoth the ,doctor4  ,not you6    
,for a man with such a heart as yours   
should never feel the want of the       
sunshine4 ,my friend1 we live in an age 
of over mental cultivation4 ,we neglect 
too much the simple healthful outer     
life1 in which there is so much positive
 joy4 ,in turning to the world within   
us1 we grow blind to this beautiful     
world without2 in studying ourselves as 
men1 we almost forget to look up to     
heaven1 and warm to the smile of ,god4  
,the philosopher mechanically shrugged  
his shoulders1 as he always did when    
another man moralised--especially if the
 moraliser were a priest2 but there was 

no irony in his smile1 as he answered   
thoughtfully--  ,there is some truth in 
what you say4 ,i own that we live too   
much as if we were all brain4 ,knowledge
 has its penalties and pains1 as well as
 its prizes4  ,that is just what ,i want
 you to say to ,leonard4  ,how have you 
settled the object of your journey8  ,i 
will tell you as we walk down to him    
after tea4 ,at present1 ,i am rather too
 much occupied with you4  ,me8 ,the tree
 is formed--try only to bend the young  
twig6  ,trees are trees1 and twigs      
twigs1 said the ,parson dogmatically2   
but man is always growing till he falls 
into the grave4 ,i think ,i have heard  
you say that you once had a narrow      
escape of a prison8  ,very narrow4      
,just suppose that you were now in that 
prison1 and that a fairy conjured up the
 prospect of this quiet home in a safe  
land2 that you saw the orange trees in  
flower1 felt the evening breeze on your 
cheek2 beheld your child gay or sad1 as 
you smiled or knit your brow2 that      

within this phantom home was a woman1   
not1 indeed1 all your young romance     
might have dreamed of1 but faithful and 
true1 every beat of her heart all your  
own--would you not cry from the depth of
 the dungeon1 ,o fairy6 such a change   
were a paradise4 ,ungrateful man6 you   
want interchange for your mind1 and your
 heart should suffice for all6          
,riccabocca was touched and silent4     
,come hither1 my child1 said ,mr4 ,dale1
 turning round to ,violante1 who still  
stood among the flowers1 out of hearing1
 but with watchful eyes4 ,come hither1  
he said1 opening big arms4  ,violante   
bounded forward1 and nestled to the good
 man's heart4  ,tell me1 ,violante1 when
 you are alone in the fields or the     
garden1 and have left your father       
looking pleased and serene1 so that you 
have no care for him at your            
heart1--tell me1 ,violante1 though you  
are all alone1 with the flowers below   
and the birds singing overhead1 do you  
feel that life itself is happiness or   

sorrow8  ,happiness6 answered ,violante1
 half shutting her eyes1 and in a       
measured voice4  ,can you explain what  
kind of happiness it is8  ,oh no1       
impossible6 and it is never the same4   
,sometimes it is so still--so still--and
 sometimes so joyous1 that ,i long for  
wings to fly up to ,god1 and thank him6 
,o friend1 said the ,parson1 this is the
 true sympathy between life and nature1 
and thus we should feel ever1 did we    
take more care to preserve the health   
and innocence of a child4 ,we are told  
that we must become as children to enter
 into the kingdom of heaven2 methinks we
 should also become as children to know 
what delight there is in our heritage of
 earth6   ,,chapter ,,xvii4  ,the maid  
servant 7for ,jackeymo was in the       
fields7 brought the table under the     
awning1 and1 with the ,english luxury of
 tea1 there were other drinks as cheap  
and as grateful on summer               
evenings--drinks which ,jackeymo had    
retained and taught from the customs of 

the south--unebriate liquors1 pressed   
from cooling fruits1 sweetened with     
honey1 and deliciously iced2 ice should 
cost nothing in a country in which one  
is frozen up half the year6 ,and        
,jackeymo1 too1 had added to our good1  
solid1 heavy ,english bread1            
preparations of wheat much lighter1 and 
more propitious to digestion--with those
 crisp grissins1 which seem to enjoy    
being eaten1 they make so pleasant a    
noise between one's teeth4  ,the ,parson
 esteemed it a little treat to drink tea
 with the ,riccaboccas4 ,there was      
something of elegance and grace in that 
homely meal1 at the poor exile's table1 
which pleased the eye as well as taste4 
,and the very utensils1 plain ,wedgewood
 though they were1 had a classical      
simplicity1 which made ,mrs4            
,hazeldean's old ,india delf1 and ,mrs4 
,dale's best ,worcester china look      
tawdry and barbarous in comparison4 ,for
 it was a ,flaxman who gave designs to  
,wedgewood1 and the most truly refined  

of all our manufactures in porcelain 7if
 we do not look to the mere material7 is
 in the reach of the most thrifty4  ,the
 little banquet was at first rather a   
silent one2 but ,riccabocca threw off   
his gloom1 and became gay and animated4 
,then poor ,mrs4 ,riccabocca smiled1 and
 pressed the grissins2 and ,violante1   
forgetting all her stateliness1 laughed 
and played tricks on the ,parson1       
stealing away his cup of warm tea when  
his head was turned1 and substituting   
iced cherry juice4 ,then the ,parson got
 up and ran after ,violante1 making     
angry faces1 and ,violante dodged       
beautifully1 till the ,parson1 fairly   
tired out1 was too glad to cry ,peace1  
and come back to the cherry juice4 ,thus
 time rolled on1 till they heard afar   
the stroke of the distant church clock1 
and ,mr4 ,dale started up and cried1    
,but we shall be too late for ,leonard4 
,come1 naughty little girl1 get your    
father his hat4  ,and umbrella6 said    
,riccabocca1 looking up at the cloudless

 moonlit sky4  ,umbrella against the    
stars8 asked the ,parson laughing4  ,the
 stars are no friends of mine1 said     
,riccabocca1 and one never knows what   
may happen6  ,the ,philosopher and the  
,parson walked on amicably4  ,you have  
done me good1 said ,riccabocca1 but ,i  
hope ,i am not always so unreasonably   
melancholic as you seem to suspect4 ,the
 evenings will sometimes appear long1   
and dull too1 to a man whose thoughts on
 the past are almost his sole           
companions4  ,sole companions8--your    
child8  ,she is so young4  ,your wife8  
,she is so--1 the bland ,italian        
appeared to check some disparaging      
adjective1 and mildly added1 so good1 ,i
 allow2 but you must own that we cannot 
have much in common4  ,i own nothing of 
the sort4 ,you have your house and your 
interests1 your happiness and your      
lives1 in common4 ,we men are so        
exacting1 we expect to find ideal nymphs
 and goddesses when we condescend to    
marry a mortal2 and if we did1 our      

chickens would be boiled to rags1 and   
our mutton come up as cold as a stone4  
,per ,bacco1 you are an oracle1 said    
,riccabocca1 laughing4 ,but ,i am not so
 sceptical you are4 ,i honor the fair   
sex too much4 ,there are a great many   
women who realize the ideal of men to be
 found in--the poets6  ,there's my dear 
,mrs4 ,dale1 resumed the ,parson1 not   
heeding this sarcastic compliment to the
 sex1 but sinking his voice into a      
whisper1 and looking round              
cautiously--there's my dear ,mrs4 ,dale1
 the best woman in the world--an angel  
,i would say1 if the word was not       
profane2 ,,but--  ,what's the ,,but8    
asked the ,doctor1 demurely4  ,,but ,i  
too might say that 'we have not much in 
common1' if ,i were only to compare mind
 to mind1 and1 when my poor ,carry says 
something less profound than ,madame de 
,stal might have said1 smile on her in  
contempt from the elevation of logic and
 ,latin4 ,yet1 when ,i remember all the 
little sorrows and joys that we have    

shared together1 and feel how solitary  
,i should have been without her--oh1    
then ,i am instantly aware that there is
 between us in common something         
infinitely closer and better than if the
 same course of study had given us the  
same equality of ideas2 and ,i was      
forced to brace myself for a combat of  
intellect1 as ,i am when ,i fall in with
 a tiresome sage like yourself4 ,i don't
 pretend to say that ,mrs4 ,riccabocca  
is a ,mrs4 ,dale1 added the ,parson1    
with lofty candor--there is but one     
,mrs4 ,dale in the world2 but still1 you
 have drawn a prize in the wheel        
matrimonial6 ,think of ,socrates1 and   
yet he was content even with            
his--,xantippe6  ,dr4 ,riccabocca called
 to mind ,mrs4 ,dale's little tempers1  
and inly rejoiced that no second ,mrs4  
,dale had existed to fall to his own    
lot4 ,his placid ,jemima gained by the  
contrast4 ,nevertheless1 he had the ill 
grace to reply1 ,socrates was a man     
beyond all imitation6--,yet ,i believe  

that even he spent very few of his      
evenings at home4 ,but1 revenons  nos   
moutons1 we are nearly at ,mrs4         
,fairfield's cottage1 and you have not  
yet told me what you have settled as to 
,leonard4  ,the ,parson halted1 took    
,riccabocca by the button1 and informed 
him1 in very few words1 that ,leonard   
was to go to ,lansmere to see some      
relations there1 who had the fortune1 if
 they had the will1 to give full career 
to his abilities4  ,the great thing1 in 
the meanwhile1 said the ,parson1 would  
be to enlighten him a little as to what 
he calls--enlightenment4  ,ah6 said     
,riccabocca1 diverted1 and rubbing his  
hands1 ,i shall listen with interest to 
what you say on that subject4  ,and must
 aid me2 for the first step in this     
modern march of enlightenment is to     
leave the poor ,parson behind2 and if   
one calls out1 ',hold6 and look at the  
sign-post4' the traveller hurries on the
 faster1 saying to himself1 ',pooh1     
pooh6--that is only the cry of the      

,parson6' ,but my gentleman1 when he    
doubts me1 will listen to you--you're a 
philosopher6  ,we philosophers are of   
some use now and then1 even to ,parsons6
  ,if you were not so conceited a set of
 deluded poor creatures already1 ,i     
would say ',yes1' replied the ,parson   
generously2 and1 taking hold of         
,riccabocca's umbrella1 he applied the  
brass handle thereof1 by way of a       
knocker1 to the cottage door4           
,,chapter ,,xviii4  ,certainly it is a  
glorious fever that desire ,to ,know6   
,and there are few sights in the moral  
world more sublime than that which many 
a garret might afford1 if ,asmodeus     
would bare the roofs to our             
survey--viz41 a brave1 patient1 earnest 
human being1 toiling his own arduous    
way1 athwart the iron walls of penury1  
into the magnificent ,infinite1 which is
 luminous with starry souls4  ,so there 
sits ,leonard the ,self-taught in the   
little cottage alone2 for though        
scarcely past the hour in which great   

folks dine1 it is the hour in which     
small folks go to bed1 and ,mrs4        
,fairfield has retired to rest1 while   
,leonard has settled to his books4  ,he 
had placed his table under the lattice1 
and from time to time he looked up and  
enjoyed the stillness of the moon4 ,well
 for him that1 in reparation for those  
hours stolen from night1 the hardy      
physical labor commenced with dawn4     
,students would not be the sad          
dyspeptics they are if they worked as   
many hours in the open air as my        
scholar-peasant4 ,but even in him you   
could see that the mind had begun a     
little to affect the frame4 ,they who   
task the intellect must pay the penalty 
with the body4 ,ill1 believe me1 would  
this work-day world get on if all within
 it were hard-reading1 studious animals1
 playing the deuce with the ganglionic  
apparatus4  ,leonard started as he heard
 the knock at the door2 the ,parson's   
well-known voice reassured him4 ,in some
 surprise he admitted his visitors4  ,we

 are come to talk to you1 ,leonard1 said
 ,mr4 ,dale1 but ,i fear we shall       
disturb ,mrs4 ,fairfield4  ,oh no1 sir6 
the door to the staircase is shut1 and  
she sleeps soundly4  ,why1 this is a    
,french book--do you read ,french1      
,leonard8 asked ,riccabocca4  ,i have   
not found ,french difficult1 sir4 ,once 
over the grammar1 and the language is so
 clear2 it seems the very language for  
reasoning4  ,true4 ,voltaire said       
justly1 ',whatever is obscure is not    
,french1' observed ,riccabocca4  ,i wish
 ,i could say the same of ,english1     
muttered the ,parson4  ,but what is     
this8--,latin too8--,virgil8  ,yes1 sir4
 ,but ,i find ,i make little way there  
without a master4 ,i fear ,i must give  
it up1 7and ,leonard sighed47  ,the two 
gentlemen exchanged looks and seated    
themselves4 ,the young peasant remained 
standing modestly1 and in his air and   
mien there was something that touched   
the heart while it pleased the eye4 ,he 
was no longer the timid boy who had sunk

 from the frown of ,mr4 ,stirn1 nor that
 rude personation of simple physical    
strength1 roused to undisciplined       
bravery1 which had received its downfall
 on the village-green of ,hazeldean4    
,the power of thought was on his        
brow--somewhat unquiet still1 but mild  
and earnest4 ,the features had attained 
that refinement which is often          
attributed to race1 but comes1 in truth1
 from elegance of idea1 whether caught  
from our parents or learned from books4 
,in his rich brown hair1 thrown         
carelessly from his temples1 and curling
 almost to the shoulders--in his large  
blue eye1 which was deepened to the hue 
of the violet by the long dark lash--in 
that firmness of lip1 which comes from  
the grapple with difficulties1 there was
 considerable beauty1 but no longer the 
beauty of the mere peasant4 ,and yet    
there was still about the whole         
countenance that expression of goodness 
and purity which the painter would give 
to his ideal of the peasant lover--such 

as ,tasso would have placed in the      
,aminta1 or ,fletcher have admitted to  
the side of the ,faithful ,shepherdess4 
,you must draw a chair here1 and sit    
down between us1 ,leonard1 said the     
,parson4  ,if any one1 said ,riccabocca1
 has a right to sit1 it is the one who  
is to hear the sermon2 and if any one   
ought to stand1 it is the one who is    
about to preach it4  ,don't be          
frightened1 ,leonard1 said the ,parson1 
graciously2 it is only a criticism1 not 
a sermon1 and he pulled out ,leonard's  
,prize ,essay4   ,,chapter ,,xix4       
,parson4--,you take for your motto this 
aphorism,k--',knowledge is              
,power4'--,,bacon4  ,riccabocca4--,bacon
 make such an aphorism6 ,the last man in
 the world to have said any thing so    
pert and so shallow4  ,leonard          
7astonished74--,do you mean to say1 sir1
 that that aphorism is not in ,lord     
,bacon6 ,why1 ,i have seen it quoted as 
his in almost every newspaper1 and in   
almost every speech in favor of popular 

education4  ,riccabocca4--,then that    
should be a warning to you never again  
to fall into the error of the would-be  
scholar--viz4 quote second-hand4 ,lord  
,bacon wrote a great book to show in    
what knowledge is power1 how that power 
should be defined1 in what it might be  
mistaken4 ,and1 pray1 do you think so   
sensible a man would ever have taken the
 trouble to write a great book upon the 
subject1 if he could have packed up all 
he had to say into the portable dogma1  
',knowledge is power8' ,pooh6 no such   
aphorism is to be found in ,bacon from  
the first page of his writings to the   
last4  ,parson 7candidly74--,well1 ,i   
supposed it was ,lord ,bacon's1 and ,i  
am very glad to hear that the aphorism  
has not the sanction of his authority4  
,leonard 7recovering his                
surprise74--,but why so8                
,parson4--,because it either says a     
great deal too much1 or just--nothing at
 all4  ,leonard4--,at least1 sir1 it    
seems to be undeniable4                 

,parson4--,well1 grant that it is       
undeniable4 ,does it prove much in favor
 of knowledge8 ,pray1 is not ignorance  
power too8  ,riccabocca4--,and a power  
that has had much the best end of the   
quarter-staff4  ,parson4--,all evil is  
power1 and does its power make it any   
thing the better8                       
,riccabocca4--,fanaticism is power--and 
a power that has often swept away       
knowledge like a whirlwind4 ,the        
,mussulman burns the library of a       
world--and forces the ,koran and the    
sword from the schools of ,byzantium to 
the colleges of ,hindostan4  ,parson    
7bearing on with a new column of        
illustration74--,hunger is power4 ,the  
barbarians1 starved out of their energy 
by their own swarming population1 swept 
into ,italy and annihilated letters4    
,the ,romans1 however degraded1 had more
 knowledge1 at least1 than the ,gaul and
 the ,visigoth4  ,riccabocca 7bringing  
up the reserve74--,and even in ,greece1 
when ,greek met ,greek1 the             

,athenians--our masters in all          
knowledge--were beat by the ,spartans1  
who held learning in contempt4          
,parson4--,wherefore you see1 ,leonard1 
that though knowledge be power1 it is   
only one of the powers of the world2    
that there are others as strong1 and    
often much stronger2 and the assertion  
either means but a barren truism1 not   
worth so frequent a repetition1 or it   
means something that you would find it  
very difficult to prove4                
,leonard4--,one nation may be beaten by 
another that has more physical strength 
and more military discipline2 which     
last1 permit me to say1 sir1 is a       
species of knowledge2--                 
,riccabocca4--,yes2 but your            
knowledge-mongers at present call upon  
us to discard military discipline1 and  
the qualities that produce it1 from the 
list of the useful arts4 ,and in your   
own essay1 you insist upon knowledge as 
the great disbander of armies1 and the  
foe of all military discipline4         

,parson4--,let the young man proceed4   
,nations1 you say1 may be beaten by     
other nations less learned and          
civilized8  ,leonard4--,but knowledge   
elevates a class4 ,i invite my own      
humble order to knowledge1 because      
knowledge will lift them into power4    
,riccabocca4--,what do you say to that1 
,mr4 ,dale8  ,parson4--,in the first    
place1 is it true that the class which  
has the most knowledge gets the most    
power8 ,i suppose philosophers1 like my 
friend ,dr4 ,riccabocca1 think they have
 the most knowledge4 ,and pray1 in what 
age have philosophers governed the      
world8 ,are they not always grumbling   
that nobody attends to them8  ,per      
,bacco1 said ,riccabocca1 if people had 
attended to us1 it would have been a    
droll sort of world by this time6       
,parson4--,very likely4 ,but1 as a      
general rule1 those have the most       
knowledge who give themselves up to it  
the most4 ,let us put out of the        
question philosophers 7who are often but

 ingenious lunatics71 and speak only of 
erudite scholars1 men of letters and    
practical science1 professors1 tutors1  
and fellows of colleges4 ,i fancy any   
member of ,parliament would tell us that
 there is no class of men which has less
 actual influence on public affairs4    
,they have more knowledge than          
manufacturers and ship-owners1 squires  
and farmers2 but1 do you find that they 
have more power over the ,government and
 the votes of the ,house of ,commons6   
,they ought to have1 said ,leonard4     
,ought they8 said the ,parson3 we'll    
consider that later4 ,meanwhile1 you    
must not escape from your own           
proposition1 which is that knowledge is 
power--not that it ought to be4 ,now1   
even granting your corollary1 that the  
power of a class is therefore           
proportioned to its knowledge--pray1 do 
you suppose that while your order1 the  
operatives1 are instructing themselves1 
all the rest of the community are to be 
at a stand-still8 ,diffuse knowledge as 

you may1 you will never produce equality
 of knowledge4 ,those who have most     
leisure1 application1 and aptitude for  
learning1 will still know the most4     
,nay1 by a very natural law1 the more   
general the appetite for knowledge1 the 
more the increased competition would    
favor those most adapted to excel by    
circumstances and nature4 ,at this day1 
there is a vast increase of knowledge   
spread over all society1 compared with  
that in the ,middle ,ages2 but is there 
not a still greater distinction between 
the highly-educated gentleman and the   
intelligent mechanic1 than there was    
then between the baron who could not    
sign his name and the churl at the      
plough8 between the accomplished        
statesman1 versed in all historical law1
 and the voter whose politics are formed
 by his newspaper1 than there was       
between the legislator who passed laws  
against witches1 and the burgher who    
defended his guild from some feudal     
aggression8 between the enlightened     

scholar and the dunce of to-day1 than   
there was between the monkish alchemist 
and the blockhead of yesterday8         
,peasant1 voter1 and dunce of this      
century are no doubt wiser than the     
churl1 burgher1 and blockhead of the    
twelfth4 ,but the gentleman1 statesman1 
and scholar of the present age are at   
least quite as favorable a contrast to  
the alchemist1 witch-burner1 and baron  
of old4 ,as the progress of             
enlightenment has done hitherto1 so will
 it ever do4 ,knowledge is like capital3
 the more there is in a country1 the    
greater the disparities in wealth       
between one man and another4 ,therefore1
 if the working class increase in       
knowledge1 so do the other classes2 and 
if the working class rise peacefully and
 legitimately into power1 it is not in  
proportion to their own knowledge alone1
 but rather according as it seems to the
 knowledge of the other orders of the   
community1 that such augmentation of    
proportional power is just1 and safe1   

and wise4  ,placed between the ,parson  
and the ,philosopher1 ,leonard felt that
 his position was not favorable to the  
display of his forces4 ,insensibly he   
edged his chair somewhat away1 and said 
mournfully3  ,then1 according to you1   
the reign of knowledge would be no great
 advance in the aggregate freedom and   
welfare of man8  ,parson4--,let us      
define4 ,by knowledge1 do you mean      
intellectual cultivation8--by the reign 
of knowledge1 the ascendency of the most
 cultivated minds8  ,leonard 7after a   
pause74--,yes4  ,riccabocca4--,oh       
indiscreet young man1 that is an        
unfortunate concession of yours2 for the
 ascendency of the most cultivated minds
 would be a terrible obligarchy6        
,parson4--,perfectly true2 and we now   
reply to your exclamation1 that men who1
 by profession1 have most learning ought
 to have more influence than squires and
 merchants1 farmers and mechanics4      
,observe1 all the knowledge that we     
mortals can acquire is not knowledge    

positive and perfect1 but knowledge     
comparative1 and subject to all the     
errors and passions of humanity4 ,and   
suppose that you could establish1 as the
 sole regulators of affairs1 those who  
had the most mental cultivation1 do you 
think they would not like that power    
well enough to take all means their     
superior intelligence could devise to   
keep it to themselves8 ,the experiment  
was tried of old by the priests of      
,egypt2 and in the empire of ,china1 at 
this day1 the aristocracy are elected   
from those who have most distinguished  
themselves in learned colleges4 ,if ,i  
may call myself a member of that body1  
'the people1' ,i would rather be an     
,englishman1 however much displeased    
with dull ,ministers and blundering     
,parliaments1 than ,i would be a        
,chinese under the rule of the picked   
sages of the ,celestial ,empire4        
,happily1 therefore1 my dear ,leonard1  
nations are governed by many things     
besides what is commonly called         

knowledge2 and the greatest practical   
ministers1 who1 like ,themistocles1 have
 made small states great--and the most  
dominant races who1 like the ,romans1   
have stretched their rule from a village
 half over the universe--have been      
distinguished by various qualities which
 a philosopher would sneer at1 and a    
knowledge-monger would call 'sad        
prejudices1' and 'lamentable errors of  
reason4'  ,leonard 7bitterly74--,sir1   
you make use of knowledge itself to     
argue against knowledge4  ,parson4--,i  
make use of the little ,i know to prove 
the foolishness of idolatry4 ,i do not  
argue against knowledge2 ,i argue       
against knowledge-worship4 ,for here1 ,i
 see in your ,essay1 that you are not   
contented with raising human knowledge  
into something like divine omnipotence1 
you must also confound her with virtue4 
,according to you1 we have only to      
diffuse the intelligence of the few     
among the many1 and all at which we     
preachers aim is accomplished4 ,nay     

more2 for whereas we humble preachers   
have never presumed to say1 with the    
heathen ,stoic1 that even virtue is sure
 of happiness below 7though it be the   
best road to it71 you tell us plainly   
that this knowledge of yours gives not  
only the virtue of a saint1 but bestows 
the bliss of a ,god4 ,before the steps  
of your idol the evils of life          
disappear4 ,to hear you1 one has but 'to
 know1' in order to be exempt from the  
sins and sorrows of the ignorant4 ,has  
it ever been so8 ,grant that you diffuse
 amongst the many all the knowledge ever
 attained by the few4 ,have the wise few
 been so unerring and so happy8 ,you    
supposed that your motto was accurately 
cited from ,bacon4 ,what was ,bacon     
himself8 ,the poet tells you3      ',the
 wisest1 brightest1 meanest of mankind4'
  ,can you hope to bestow upon the vast 
mass of your order the luminous         
intelligence of this ',lord ,chancellor 
of nature8' ,grant that you do so--and  
what guarantee have you for the virtue  

and the happiness which you assume as   
the concomitants of the gift8 ,see      
,bacon himself2 what black ingratitude6 
what miserable self-seeking6 what       
truckling servility6 what abject and    
pitiful spirit6 ,so far from            
intellectual knowledge1 in its highest  
form and type1 insuring virtue and      
bliss1 it is by no means uncommon to    
find great mental cultivation combined  
with great moral corruption4 7,aside to 
,riccabocca7--,push on1 will you8       
,riccabocca4--,a combination remarkable 
in eras as in individuals4 ,petronius   
shows us a state of morals at which a   
commonplace devil would blush1 in the   
midst of a society more intellectually  
cultivated than certainly was that which
 produced ,regulus or the ,horatii4 ,and
 the most learned eras in modern ,italy 
were precisely those which brought the  
vices into the most ghastly refinement4 
,leonard 7rising in great agitation1 and
 clasping his hands74--,i cannot contend
 with you1 who produce against          

information so slender and crude as mine
 the stores which have been locked from 
my reach4 ,but ,i feel that there must  
be another side to this shield--a shield
 that you will not even allow to be     
silver4 ,and1 oh1 if you thus speak of  
knowledge1 why have you encouraged me to
 know8   ,,chapter ,,xx4  ,ah6 my son6  
said the ,parson1 if ,i wished to prove 
the value of ,religion1 would you think 
,i served it much1 if ,i took as my     
motto1 ',religion is power8' ,would not 
that be a base and sordid view of its   
advantages8 ,and would you not say he   
who regards religion as a power1 intends
 to abuse it as a priestcraft8  ,well   
put6 said ,riccabocca4  ,wait a         
moment--let me think4 ,ah--,i see1 sir6 
said ,leonard4  ,parson4--,if the cause 
be holy1 do not weigh it in the scales  
of the market2 if its objects be        
peaceful1 do not seek to arm it with the
 weapons of strife2 if it is to be the  
cement of society1 do not vaunt it as   
the triumph of class against class4     

,leonard 7ingenuously74--,you correct me
 nobly1 sir4 ,knowledge is power1 but   
not in the sense in which ,i have       
interpreted the saying4                 
,parson4--,knowledge is one of the      
powers in the moral world1 but one that1
 in its immediate result1 is not always 
of the most worldly advantage to the    
possessor4 ,it is one of the slowest1   
because one of the most durable1 of     
agencies4 ,it may take a thousand years 
for a thought to come into power2 and   
the thinker who originated it might have
 died in rags or in chains4             
,riccabocca4--,our ,italian proverb     
saith that 'the teacher is like the     
candle1 which lights others in consuming
 itself4'  ,parson4--,therefore he who  
has the true ambition of knowledge      
should entertain it for the power of his
 idea1 not for the power it may bestow  
on himself2 it should be lodged in the  
conscience1 and1 like the conscience1   
look for no certain reward on this side 
the grave4 ,and since knowledge is      

compatible with good and with evil1     
would not it be better to say1          
',knowledge is a trust8'  ,you are      
right1 sir1 said ,leonard cheerfully2   
pray proceed4  ,parson4--,you ask me why
 we encourage you to ,,know4 ,first1    
because 7as you say yourself in your    
,essay71 knowledge1 irrespective of     
gain1 is in itself a delight1 and ought 
to be something far more4 ,like liberty1
 like religion1 it may be abused2 but ,i
 have no more right to say that the poor
 shall be ignorant1 than ,i have to say 
that the rich only shall be free1 and   
that the clergy alone shall learn the   
truths of redemption4 ,you truly observe
 in your treatise that knowledge opens  
to us other excitements than those of   
the senses1 and another life than that  
of the moment4 ,the difference between  
us is this1 that you forget that the    
same refinement which brings us new     
pleasures exposes us to new pains--the  
horny hand of the peasant feels not the 
nettles which sting the fine skin of the

 scholar4 ,you forget also1 that        
whatever widens the sphere of the       
desires1 opens to them also new         
temptations4 ,vanity1 the desire of     
applause1 pride1 the sense of           
superiority--gnawing discontent where   
that superiority is not                 
recognized--morbid susceptibility1 which
 comes with all new feelings--the       
underrating of simple pleasures apart   
from the intellectual--the chase of the 
imagination1 often unduly stimulated1   
for things unattainable below--all these
 are surely amongst the first           
temptations that beset the entrance into
 knowledge4  ,leonard shaded his face   
with his hand4  ,hence1 continued the   
,parson1 benignantly--hence1 so far from
 considering that we do all that is     
needful to accomplish ourselves as men1 
when we cultivate only the intellect1 we
 should remember that we thereby        
continually increase the range of our   
desires1 and therefore of our           
temptations2 and we should endeavor1    

simultaneously1 to cultivate both those 
affections of the heart which prove the 
ignorant to be ,god's children no less  
than the wise1 and those moral qualities
 which have made men great and good when
 reading and writing were scarcely      
known3 to wit1 patience and fortitude   
under poverty and distress2 humility and
 beneficence amidst grandeur and wealth2
 and1 in counteraction to that egotism  
which all superiority1 mental or        
worldly1 is apt to inspire1 ,justice1   
the father of all the more solid        
virtues1 softened by ,charity1 which is 
their loving mother4 ,thus accompanied1 
knowledge indeed becomes the magnificent
 crown of humanity--not the imperious   
despot1 but the checked and tempered    
sovereign of the soul4  ,the ,parson    
paused1 and ,leonard1 coming near him1  
timidly took his hand1 with a child's   
affectionate and grateful impulse4      
,riccabacca4--,and if1 ,leonard1 you are
 not satisfied with our ,parson's       
excellent definitions1 you have only to 

read what ,lord ,bacon himself has said 
upon the true ends of knowledge1 to     
comprehend at once how angry the poor   
great man1 whom ,mr4 ,dale treats so    
harshly1 would have been with those who 
have stinted his elaborate distinctions 
and provident cautions into that        
coxcombical little aphorism1 and then   
misconstrued all he designed to prove in
 favor of the commandant1 and authority 
of learning4 ,for1 added the sage1      
looking up as a man does when he is     
taxing his memory1 ,i think it is thus  
that after saying the greatest error of 
all is the mistaking or misplacing the  
end of knowledge1 and denouncing the    
various objects for which it is vulgarly
 sought2--,i think it is thus that he   
proceeds4444 ',knowledge is not a shop  
for profit or sale1 but a rich          
storehouse for the glory of the         
,creator1 and the relief of men's       
estate4',l  ,parson 7remorsefully7--,are
 those ,lord ,bacon's words8 ,i am very 
sorry ,i spoke so uncharitably of his   

life4 ,i must examine it again4 ,i may  
find excuses for it now that ,i could   
not when ,i first formed my judgment4 ,i
 was then a raw lad at ,oxford4 ,but ,i 
see1 ,leonard1 there is still something 
on your mind4  ,leonard4--,it is true1  
sir4 ,i would but ask whether it is not 
by knowledge that we arrive at the      
qualities and virtues you so well       
describe1 but which you seem to consider
 as coming to us through channels apart 
from knowledge8  ,parson4--,if you mean 
by the word knowledge something very    
different from what you express in your 
essay1 and which those contending for   
mental instruction1 irrespective of     
religion and ethics1 appear also to     
convey by the word ---- you are right2  
but1 remember1 we have already agreed   
that by the word knowledge we mean      
culture purely intellectual4            
,leonard4--,that is true--we so         
understood it4  ,parson4--,thus1 when   
this great ,lord ,bacon erred1 you may  
say that he erred from want of          

knowledge--the knowledge that moralists 
and preachers would convey4 ,but ,lord  
,bacon had read all that moralists and  
preachers could say on such matters2 and
 he certainly did not err from want of  
intellectual cultivation4 ,let me here1 
my child1 invite you to observe1 that   
,he who knew most of our human hearts   
and our immortal destinies1 did not     
insist on this intellectual culture as  
essential to the virtues that form our  
well-being here1 and conduce to our     
salvation hereafter4 ,had it been       
essential1 the ,allwise ,one would not  
have selected humble fishermen for the  
teachers of his doctrine1 instead of    
culling his disciples from ,roman       
portico or ,athenian academy4 ,and this1
 which distinguishes so remarkably the  
,gospel from the ethics of heathen      
philosophy1 wherein knowledge is        
declared to be necessary to virtue1 is a
 proof how slight was the heathen sage's
 insight into the nature of mankind1    
when compared with the ,saviour's2 for  

hard indeed would it be to men1 whether 
high or low1 rich or poor1 if science   
and learning1 or contemplative          
philosophy1 were the sole avenues to    
peace and redemption2 since1 in this    
state of ordeal1 requiring active       
duties1 very few in any age1 whether    
they be high or low1 rich or poor1 ever 
are or can be devoted to pursuits merely
 mental4 ,christ does not represent     
heaven as a college for the learned4    
,therefore the rules of the ,celestial  
,legislator are rendered clear to the   
simplest understanding as to the        
deepest4  ,riccabocca4--,and that which 
,plato and ,zeno1 ,pythagoras and       
,socrates1 could not do1 was done by men
 whose ignorance would have been a      
by-word in the schools of the ,greek4   
,the gods of the vulgar were dethroned2 
the face of the world was changed6 ,this
 thought may make us allow1 indeed1 that
 there are agencies more powerful than  
mere knowledge1 and ask1 after all1 what
 is the mission which knowledge should  

achieve8  ,parson4--,the ,sacred ,book  
tells us even that2 for after           
establishing the truth that1 for the    
multitude1 knowledge is not essential to
 happiness and good1 it accords still to
 knowledge its sublime part in the      
revelation prepared and announced4 ,when
 an instrument of more than ordinary    
intelligence was required for a purpose 
divine--when the ,gospel1 recorded by   
the simple1 was to be explained by the  
acute1 enforced by the energetic1       
carried home to the doubts of the       
,gentile--the ,supreme ,will joined to  
the zeal of the earlier apostles the    
learning and genius of ,st4 ,paul--not  
holier than the others--calling himself 
the least1 yet laboring more abundantly 
than them all--making himself all things
 unto all men1 so that some might be    
saved4 ,the ignorant may be saved no    
less surely than the wise2 but here     
comes the wise man who helps to save6   
,and how the fulness and animation of   
this grand ,presence1 of this           

indomitable ,energy1 seem to vivify the 
toil1 and to speed the work6 ',in       
journeyings often1 in perils of waters1 
in perils of robbers1 in perils of mine 
own countrymen1 in perils by the        
heathen1 in perils in the city1 in      
perils in the wilderness1 in perils in  
the sea1 in perils amongst false        
brethren4' ,behold1 my son6 does not    
,heaven here seem to reveal the true    
type of knowledge--a sleepless activity1
 a pervading agency1 a dauntless        
heroism1 an all-supporting faith8 ,a    
power--a power indeed--a power apart    
from the aggrandizement of self--a power
 that brings to him who owns and        
transmits it but 'weariness and         
painfulness2 in watchings often1 in     
hunger and thirst1 in fastings often1 in
 cold and nakedness'--but a power       
distinct from the mere circumstance of  
the man1 rushing from him as rays from a
 sun--borne through the air1 and        
clothing it with light--piercing under  
earth1 and calling forth the harvest6   

,worship not knowledge--worship not the 
sun1 ,o my child6 ,let the sun but      
proclaim the ,creator2 let the knowledge
 but illumine the worship6  ,the good   
man1 overcome by his own earnestness1   
paused2 his head drooped on the young   
student's breast1 and all three were    
long silent4   ,,chapter ,,xxi4         
,whatever ridicule may be thrown upon   
,mr4 ,dale's dissertations by the wit of
 the enlightened1 they had a            
considerable1 and ,i think a beneficial1
 effect upon ,leonard ,fairfield--an    
effect which may perhaps create less    
surprise1 when the reader remembers that
 ,leonard was unaccustomed to argument1 
and still retained many of the          
prejudices natural to his rustic        
breeding4 ,nay1 he actually thought it  
possible that1 as both ,riccabocca and  
,mr4 ,dale were more than double his    
age1 and had had opportunities not only 
of reading twice as many books1 but of  
contracting experience in wider ranges  
of life--he actually1 ,i say1 thought it

 possible that they might be better     
acquainted with the properties and      
distinctions of knowledge than himself4 
,at all events1 the ,parson's words were
 so far well-timed1 that they produced  
in ,leonard very much of that state of  
mind which ,mr4 ,dale desired to effect1
 before communicating to him the        
startling intelligence that he was to   
visit relations whom he had never seen1 
of whom he had heard but little1 and    
that it was at least possible that the  
result of that visit might be to open to
 him greater facilities for instruction1
 and a higher degree in life4  ,without 
some such preparation1 ,i fear that     
,leonard would have gone forth into the 
world with an exaggerated notion of his 
own acquirements1 and with a notion yet 
more exaggerated as to the kind of power
 that such knowledge as he possessed    
would obtain for itself4 ,as it was1    
when ,mr4 ,dale broke to him the news of
 the experimental journey before him1   
cautioning him against being over       

sanguine1 ,leonard received the         
intelligence with a serious meekness1   
and thoughts that were nobly solemn4    
,when the door closed on his visitors1  
he remained for some moments motionless1
 and in deep meditation2 then he        
unclosed the door1 and stole forth4 ,the
 night was already far advanced1 the    
heavens were luminous with all the host 
of stars4 ,i think1 said the student1   
referring1 in later life1 to that crisis
 in his destiny--,i think it was then1  
as ,i stood alone1 yet surrounded by    
worlds so numberless1 that ,i first felt
 the distinction between mind and soul4 
,tell me1 said ,riccabocca1 as he parted
 company with ,mr4 ,dale1 whether you   
think we should have given to ,frank    
,hazeldean1 on entering life1 the same  
lecture on the limits and ends of       
knowledge which we have bestowed on     
,leonard ,fairfield4  ,my friend1 quoth 
the ,parson1 with a touch of human      
conceit1 ,i have ridden on horseback1   
and ,i know that some horses should be  

guided by the bridle1 and some should be
 urged by the spur4  ,cospetto6 said    
,riccabocca2 you contrive to put every  
experience of yours to some use--even   
your journey on ,mr4 ,hazeldean's pad4  
,and ,i see now why1 in this little     
world of a village1 you have picked up  
so general an acquaintance with life4   
,did you ever read ,white's ,natural    
,history of ,selborne8  ,no4  ,do so1   
and you will find that you need not go  
far to learn the habits of birds1 and   
know the difference between a swallow   
and a swift4 ,learn the difference in a 
village1 and you know the difference    
wherever swallows and swifts skim the   
air4  ,swallows and swifts6--true2 but  
men--  ,are with us all the year        
round--which is more than we can say of 
swallows and swifts4  ,mr4 ,dale1 said  
,riccabocca1 taking off his hat with    
great formality1 if ever again ,i find  
myself in a dilemma1 ,i will come to you
 instead of to ,machiavelli4  ,ah6 cried
 the ,parson1 if ,i could but have a    

calm hour's talk with you on the errors 
of the ,papal relig--  ,riccabocca was  
off like a shot4   ,,chapter ,,xxii4    
,the next day1 ,mr4 ,dale had a long    
conversation with ,mrs4 ,fairfield4 ,at 
first1 he found some difficulty in      
getting over her pride1 and inducing her
 to accept overtures from parents who   
had so long slighted both ,leonard and  
herself4 ,and it would have been in vain
 to have put before the good woman the  
worldly advantages which such overtures 
implied4 ,but when ,mr4 ,dale said1     
almost sternly1 ,your parents are old1  
your father infirm2 their least wish    
should be as binding to you as their    
command1 the ,widow bowed her head1 and 
said1--  ,god bless them1 sir1 ,i was   
very sinful--',honor your father and    
mother4' ,i'm no scollard1 but ,i know  
the ,commandments4 ,let ,lenny go4 ,but 
he'll soon forget me1 and mayhap he'll  
learn to be ashamed of me4  ,there ,i   
will trust him1 said the ,parson2 and he
 contrived easily to reassure and soothe

 her4  ,it was not till all this was    
settled that ,mr4 ,dale drew forth an   
unsealed letter1 which ,mr4 ,richard    
,avenel1 taking his hint1 had given to  
him1 as from ,leonard's grandparents1   
and said1--,this is for you1 and it     
contains an inclosure of some value4    
,will you read it1 sir8 ,as ,i said     
before1 ,i'm no scollard4  ,but ,leonard
 is1 and he will read it to you4  ,when 
,leonard returned home that evening1    
,mrs4 ,fairfield showed him the letter4 
,it ran thus3       ,dear ,jane1--,mr4  
,dale will tell you that we wish        
,leonard to      come to us4 ,we are    
glad to hear you are well4 ,we forward1 
by      ,mr4 ,dale1 a bank-note for #ej1
 which comes from ,richard1 your        
brother4 ,so no more at present from    
your affectionate parents1      ,,john  
,,and ,,margaret ,,avenel4    ,the      
letter was in a stiff female scrawl1 and
 ,leonard observed that two or three    
mistakes in spelling had been corrected1
 either in another pen or in a different

 hand4  ,dear brother ,dick1 how good in
 him6 cried the widow4 ,when ,i saw     
there was money1 ,i thought it must be  
him4 ,how ,i should like to see ,dick   
again4 ,but ,i s'pose he's still in     
,amerikay4 ,well1 well1 this will buy   
clothes for you4  ,no2 you must keep it 
all1 mother1 and put it in the ,savings'
 ,bank4  ,i'm not quite so silly as     
that1 cried ,mrs4 ,fairfield1 with      
contempt2 and she put the fifty pounds  
into a cracked teapot4  ,it must not    
stay there when ,i'm gone4 ,you may be  
robbed1 mother4  ,dear me1 dear me1     
that's true4 ,what shall ,i do with     
it8--what do ,i want with it1 too6 ,dear
 me6 ,i wish they hadn't sent it4 ,i    
shan't sleep in peace4 ,you must e'en   
put it in your own pouch1 and button it 
up tight1 boy4  ,lenny smiled1 and took 
the note2 but he took it to ,mr4 ,dale1 
and begged him to put it into the       
,savings' ,bank for his mother4  ,the   
day following he went to take leave of  
his master1 of ,jackeymo1 of the        

fountain1 the garden4 ,but1 after he had
 gone through the first of these adieus 
with ,jackeymo1--who1 poor man1 indulged
 in all the lively gesticulations of    
grief which make half the eloquence of  
his countrymen2 and then1 absolutely    
blubbering1 hurried away--,leonard      
himself was so affected that he could   
not proceed at once to the house1 but   
stood beside the fountain1 trying hard  
to keep back his tears4  ,you1          
,leonard--and you are going6 said a soft
 voice2 and the tears fell faster than  
ever1 for he recognized the voice of    
,violante4  ,do not cry1 continued the  
child1 with a kind of tender gravity4   
,you are going1 but papa says it would  
be selfish in us to grieve1 for it is   
for your good2 and we should be glad4   
,but ,i am selfish1 ,leonard1 and ,i do 
grieve4 ,i shall miss you sadly4  ,you1 
young lady--you miss me6  ,yes4 ,but ,i 
do not cry1 ,leonard1 for ,i envy you1  
and ,i wish ,i were a boy3 ,i wish ,i   
could do as you4  ,the girl clasped her 

hands1 and reared her slight form1 with 
a kind of passionate dignity4  ,do as   
me1 and part from all those you love6   
,but to serve those you love4 ,one day  
you will come back to your mother's     
cottage1 and say1 ',we have conquered   
fortune4' ,oh that ,i could go forth and
 return1 as you will4 ,but my father has
 no country1 and his only child is a    
useless girl4  ,as ,violante spoke1     
,leonard had dried his tears2 her       
emotion distracted him from his own4    
,oh1 continued ,violante1 again raising 
her head loftily1 what it is to be a    
man6 ,a woman sighs1 ',i wish1' but man 
should say1 ',i will4'  ,occasionally   
before1 ,leonard had noted fitful       
flashes of a nature grand and heroic1 in
 the ,italian child1 especially of      
late--flashes the more remarkable from  
their contrast to a form most           
exquisitely feminine1 and to a sweetness
 of temper which made even her pride    
gentle4 ,but now it seemed as if the    
child spoke with the command of a       

queen--almost with the inspiration of a 
muse4 ,a strange and new sense of       
courage entered within him4  ,may ,i    
remember these words6 he murmured half  
audibly4  ,the girl turned and surveyed 
him with eyes brighter for their        
moisture4 ,she then extended her hand to
 him1 with a quick movement1 and1 as he 
bent over it1 with a grace taught to him
 by genuine emotion1 she said1--,and if 
you do1 then1 girl and child as ,i am1  
,i shall think ,i have aided a brave    
heart in the great strife for honor6    
,she lingered a moment1 smiled as if to 
herself1 and then1 gliding away1 was    
lost amongst the trees4  ,after a long  
pause1 in which ,leonard recovered      
slowly from the surprise and agitation  
into which ,violante had thrown his     
spirits--previously excited as they     
were--he went1 murmuring to himself1    
towards the house4 ,but ,riccabocca was 
from home4 ,leonard turned mechanically 
to the terrace1 and busied himself with 
the flowers4 ,but the dark eyes of      

,violante shone on his thoughts1 and her
 voice rang in his ear4  ,at length     
,riccabocca appeared1 followed up the   
road by a laborer1 who carried something
 indistinct under his arm4  ,the        
,italian beckoned to ,leonard to follow 
him into the parlor2 and after          
conversing with him kindly1 and at some 
length1 and packing up1 as it were1 a   
considerable provision of wisdom in the 
portable shape of aphorisms and         
proverbs1 the sage left him alone for a 
few moments4 ,riccabocca then returned  
with his wife1 and bearing a small      
knapsack3--  ,it is not much we can do  
for you1 ,leonard1 and money is the     
worst gift in the world for a keepsake2 
but my wife and ,i have put our heads   
together to furnish you with a little   
outfit4 ,giacomo1 who was in our secret1
 assures us that the clothes will fit3  
and stole1 ,i fancy1 a coat of yours for
 the purpose4 ,put them on when you go  
to your relations3 it is astonishing    
what a difference it makes in the ideas 

people form of us1 according as our     
coats are cut one way or another4 ,i    
should not be presentable in ,london    
thus2 and nothing is more true than that
 a tailor is often the making of a man4 
,the shirts1 too1 are very good holland1
 said ,mrs4 ,riccabocca1 about to open  
the knapsack4  ,never mind details1 my  
dear1 cried the wise man2 shirts are    
comprehended in the general principle of
 clothes4 ,and1 ,leonard1 as a          
remembrance somewhat more personal1     
accept this1 which ,i have worn many a  
year when time was a thing of importance
 to me1 and nobler fates than mine hung 
on a moment4 ,we missed the moment1 or  
abused it1 and here ,i am1 a waif on a  
foreign shore4 ,methinks ,i have done   
with ,time4  ,the exile1 as he thus     
spoke1 placed in ,leonard's reluctant   
hands a watch that would have delighted 
an antiquary1 and shocked a dandy4 ,it  
was exceedingly thick1 having an outer  
case of enamel1 and an inner one of     
gold4 ,the hands and the figures of the 

hours had originally been formed of     
brilliants2 but the brilliants had long 
since vanished4 ,still1 even thus       
bereft1 the watch was much more in      
character with the giver than the       
receiver1 and was as little suited to   
,leonard as would have been the red silk
 umbrella4  ,it is old-fashioned1 said  
,mrs4 ,riccabocca1 but it goes better   
than any clock in the country4 ,i really
 think it will last to the end of the   
world4  ,carissima mia6 cried the       
,doctor1 ,i thought ,i had convinced you
 that the world is by no means come to  
its last legs4  ,oh1 ,i did not mean any
 thing1 ,alphonso1 said ,mrs4           
,riccabocca1 coloring4  ,and that is all
 we do mean when we talk about that of  
which we can know nothing1 said the     
,doctor1 less gallantly than usual1 for 
he resented that epithet of             
old-fashioned1 as applied to the watch4 
,leonard1 we see1 had been silent all   
this time2 he could not speak--literally
 and truly1 he could not speak4 ,how he 

got out of his embarrassment1 and how he
 got out of the room1 he never explained
 to my satisfaction4 ,but1 a few minutes
 afterwards1 he was seen hurrying down  
the road very briskly4  ,riccabocca and 
his wife stood at the window gazing     
after him4  ,there is a depth in that   
boy's heart1 said the sage1 which might 
float an ,argosy4  ,poor dear boy6 ,i   
think we have put every thing into the  
knapsack that he can possibly want1 said
 good ,mrs4 ,riccabocca musingly4  ,the 
,doctor 7continuing his                 
soliloquy74--,they are strong1 but they 
are not immediately apparent4  ,mrs4    
,riccabocca 7resuming hers47--,they are 
at the bottom of the knapsack4  ,the    
,doctor4--,they will stand long wear and
 tear4  ,mrs4 ,riccabocca4--,a year1 at 
least1 with proper care at the wash4    
,the ,doctor 7startled74--,care at the  
wash6 ,what on earth are you talking of1
 ma'am8  ,mrs4 ,riccabocca              
7mildly74--,the shirts1 to be sure1 my  
love8 ,and you8  ,the ,doctor 7with a   

heavy sigh74--,the feelings1 ma'am6     
,then1 after a pause1 taking his wife's 
hand affectionately--,but you did quite 
right to think of the shirts2 ,mr4 ,dale
 said very truly--  ,mrs4               
,riccabocca4--,what8  ,the              
,doctor4--,that there was a great deal  
in common between us--even when ,i think
 of feelings1 and you but of--shirts4   
,,chapter ,,xxiii4  ,mr4 and ,mrs4      
,avenel sat within the parlor--,mr4     
,richard stood on the hearth-rug1       
whistling ,yankee ,doodle4 ,the ,parson 
writes word that the lad will come      
to-day1 said ,richard suddenly--let me  
see the letter--ay1 to-day4 ,if he took 
the coach as far as ----1 he might walk 
the rest of the way in two or three     
hours4 ,he should be pretty nearly here4
 ,i have a great mind to go and meet    
him3 it will save his asking questions1 
and hearing about me4 ,i can clear the  
town by the back-way1 and get out at the
 high road4  ,you'll not know him from  
any one else said ,mrs4 ,avenel4  ,well1

 that is a good one6 ,not know an       
,avenel6 ,we've all the same cut of the 
jib--have not we1 father8  ,poor ,john  
laughed heartily1 till the tears rolled 
down his cheeks4  ,we were always a     
well-favored family1 said ,john1        
recomposing himself4 ,there was ,luke1  
but he's gone2 and ,harry1 but he's dead
 too2 and ,dick1 but he's in            
,amerikay--no1 he's here2 and my darling
 ,nora1 but--  ,hush6 interrupted ,mrs4 
,avenel2 hush1 ,john6  ,the old man     
stared at her1 and then put his         
tremulous hand to his brow4 ,and ,nora's
 gone too6 said he1 in a voice of       
profound woe4 ,both hands then fell on  
his knees1 and his head drooped on his  
breast4  ,mrs4 ,avenel rose1 kissed her 
husband on the forehead1 and then walked
 away to the window4 ,richard took up   
his hat1 and brushed the nap carefully  
with his handkerchief2 but his lips     
quivered4  ,i'm going1 said he1         
abruptly4 ,now mind1 mother1 not a word 
about ,uncle ,richard yet2 we must first

 see how we like each other1 and 7in a  
whisper7 you'll try and get that into my
 poor father's head8  ,ay1 ,richard1    
said ,mrs4 ,avenel1 quietly4 ,richard   
put on his hat1 and went out by the back
 way4 ,he stole along the fields that   
skirted the town1 and had only once to  
cross the street before he got into the 
high road4  ,he walked on until he came 
to the first milestone4 ,there he seated
 himself1 lighted his cigar1 and awaited
 his nephew4 ,it was now nearly the hour
 of sunset1 and the road before him lay 
westward4 ,richard from time to time    
looked along the road1 shading his eyes 
with his hand2 and at length1 just as   
the disc of the sun had half sunk down  
the horizon1 a solitary figure came up  
the way4 ,it emerged suddenly from the  
turn in the road2 the reddening beams   
colored all the atmosphere around it4   
,solitary and silent it came as from a  
,land of ,light4   ,,chapter ,,xxiv4    
,you have been walking far1 young man1  
said ,richard ,avenel4  ,no1 sir1 not   

very4 ,that is ,lansmere before me1 is  
it not8  ,yes1 it is ,lansmere2 you stop
 there1 ,i guess8  ,leonard made a sign 
in the affirmative1 and walked on a few 
paces2 then seeing the stranger who had 
accosted him still by his side1 he      
said--  ,if you know the town1 sir1     
perhaps you will have the goodness to   
tell me whereabouts ,mr4 ,avenel lives8 
,i can put you into a straight cut      
across the fields1 that will bring you  
just behind the house4  ,you are very   
kind1 but it will take you out of your  
way4  ,no1 it is in my way4 ,so you are 
going to ,mr4 ,avenel's8--a good old    
gentleman4  ,i've always heard so2 and  
,mrs4 ,avenel--  ,a particular superior 
woman1 said ,richard4 ,any one else to  
ask after--,i know the family well4     
,no1 thank you1 sir4  ,they have a son1 
,i believe2 but he's in ,america1 is not
 he8  ,i believe he is1 sir4  ,i see the
 ,parson has kept faith with me1        
muttered ,richard4  ,if you can tell me 
any thing about him1 said ,leonard1 ,i  

should be very glad4  ,why so1 young    
man8--perhaps he is hanged by this time4
  ,hanged6  ,he was a sad dog1 ,i am    
told4  ,then you have been told very    
falsely1 said ,leonard1 coloring4  ,a   
sad wild dog--his parents were so glad  
when he cut and run--went off to the    
,states4 ,they say he made money2 but1  
if so1 he neglected his relations       
shamefully4  ,sir1 said ,leonard1 you   
are wholly misinformed4 ,he has been    
most generous to a relative who had     
little claim on him2 and ,i never heard 
his name mentioned but with love and    
praise4  ,richard instantly fell to     
whistling ,yankee ,doodle1 and walked on
 several paces without saying a word4   
,he then made a slight apology for his  
impertinence--hoped no offence--and with
 his usual bold but astute style of     
talk1 contrived to bring out something  
of his companion's mind4 ,he was        
evidently struck with the clearness and 
propriety with which ,leonard expressed 
himself1 raised his eyebrows in surprise

 more than once1 and looked him full in 
the face with an attentive and pleased  
survey4 ,leonard had put on the new     
clothes with which ,riccabocca and wife 
had provided him4 ,they were those      
appropriate to a young country tradesman
 in good circumstances2 but as he did   
not think about the clothes1 so he had  
unconsciously something of the ease of  
the gentleman4  ,they now came into the 
fields4 ,leonard paused before a slip of
 ground sown with rye4  ,i should have  
thought grass land would have answered  
better1 so near a town1 said he4  ,no   
doubt it would1 answered ,richard2 but  
they are sadly behind-hand in these     
parts4 ,you see that great park yonder1 
on the other side of the road8 ,that    
would answer better for rye than grass2 
but then what would become of my ,lord's
 deer8 ,the aristocracy eat us up1 young
 man4  ,but the aristocracy did not sow 
this piece with rye1 ,i suppose8 said   
,leonard1 smiling4  ,and what do you    
conclude from that8  ,let every man look

 to his own ground1 said ,leonard1 with 
a cleverness of repartee caught from    
,doctor ,riccabocca4  ',cute lad you    
are1 said ,richard2 and we'll talk more 
of these matters another time4  ,they   
now came within sight of ,mr4 ,avenel's 
house4  ,you can get through the gap in 
the hedge1 by the old pollard oak1 said 
,richard2 and come round by the front of
 the house4 ,why1 you're not afraid--are
 you8  ,i am a stranger4  ,shall ,i     
introduce you8 ,i told you that ,i knew 
the old couple4  ,oh no1 sir6 ,i would  
rather meet them alone4  ,go2 and--wait 
a bit1--harkye1 young man1 ,mrs4 ,avenel
 is a cold-mannered woman2 but don't be 
abashed by that4  ,leonard thanked the  
good-natured stranger1 crossed the      
field1 passed the gap1 and paused a     
moment under the stinted shade of the   
old hollow-hearted oak4 ,the ravens were
 returning to their nests4 ,at the sight
 of a human form under the tree1 they   
wheeled round1 and watched him afar4    
,from the thick of the boughs1 the young

 ravens sent their hoarse low cry4      
,,chapter ,,xxv4  ,the young man entered
 the neat1 prim1 formal parlor4  ,you   
are welcome6 said ,mrs4 ,avenel1 in a   
firm voice4  ,the gentleman is heartily 
welcome1 cried poor ,john4  ,it is your 
grandson1 ,leonard ,fairfield1 said     
,mrs4 ,avenel4  ,but ,john1 who had     
risen with knocking knees1 gazed hard at
 ,leonard1 and then fell on his breast1 
sobbing aloud--,nora's eyes6--he has a  
blink in his eyes like ,nora's4  ,mrs4  
,avenel approached with a steady step1  
and drew away the old man tenderly4  ,he
 is a poor creature1 she whispered to   
,leonard--you excite him4 ,come away1 ,i
 will show you your room4  ,leonard     
followed her up the stairs1 and came    
into a room--neatly1 and even prettily  
furnished4 ,the carpet and curtains were
 faded by the sun1 and of old-fashioned 
pattern1 but there was a look about the 
room as if it had long been disused4    
,mrs4 ,avenel sank down on the first    
chair on entering4  ,leonard drew his   

arm round her waist affectionately3 ,i  
fear that ,i have put you out sadly--my 
dear grandmother4  ,mrs4 ,avenel glided 
hastily from his arm1 and her           
countenance worked much--every nerve in 
it twitching as it were2 then1 placing  
her hand on his locks1 she said with    
passion1 ,god bless you1 my grandson1   
and left the room4  ,leonard dropped his
 knapsack on the floor1 and looked      
around him wistfully4 ,the room seemed  
as if it had once been occupied by a    
female4 ,there was a work-box on the    
chest of drawers1 and over it hanging   
shelves for books1 suspended by ribbons 
that had once been blue1 with silk and  
fringe appended to each shelf1 and knots
 and tassels here and there--the taste  
of a woman1 or rather of a girl1 who    
seeks to give a grace to the commonest  
things around her4 ,with the mechanical 
habit of a student1 ,leonard took down  
one or two of the volumes still left on 
the shelves4 ,he found ,,spenser',s     
,fairy ,queen1 ,,racine in ,french1     

,,tasso in ,italian2 and on the fly-leaf
 of each volume1 in the exquisite       
handwriting familiar to his memory1 the 
name ,leonora4 ,he kissed the books1 and
 replaced them with a feeling akin both 
to tenderness and awe4  ,he had not been
 alone in his room more than a quarter  
of an hour1 before the maid-servant     
knocked at his door and summoned him to 
tea4  ,poor ,john had recovered his     
spirits1 and his wife sate by his side  
holding his hand in hers4 ,poor ,john   
was even gay4 ,he asked many questions  
about his daughter ,jane1 and did not   
wait for the answers4 ,then he spoke    
about the ,squire1 whom he confounded   
with ,audley ,egerton1 and talked of    
elections and the ,blue party1 and hoped
 ,leonard would always be a good ,blue2 
and then he fell to his tea and toast1  
and said no more4  ,mrs4 ,avenel spoke  
little1 but she eyed ,leonard askant1 as
 it were1 from time to time2 and after  
each glance the nerves of the poor      
severe face twitched again4  ,a little  

after nine o'clock1 ,mrs4 ,avenel       
lighted a candle1 and placing it in     
,leonard's hand1 ,you must be tired--you
 know your own room now4 ,good night4   
,leonard took the light1 and1 as was his
 wont with his mother1 kissed ,mrs4     
,avenel on the cheek4 ,then he took     
,john's hand and kissed him too4 ,the   
old man was half asleep1 and murmured   
dreamily1 ,that's ,nora4  ,leonard had  
retired to his room about half an hour1 
when ,richard ,avenel entered the house 
softly1 and joined his parents4  ,well1 
mother8 said he4  ,well1 ,richard--you  
have seen him8  ,and like him4 ,do you  
know he has a great look of poor        
,nora8--more like her than ,jane4  ,yes2
 he is handsomer than ,jane ever was1   
but more like your father than any one4 
,john was so comely4 ,you take to the   
boy1 then8  ,ay1 that ,i do4 ,just tell 
him in the morning that he is to go with
 a gentleman who will be his friend1 and
 don't say more4 ,the chaise shall be at
 the door after breakfast4 ,let him get 

into it3 ,i shall wait for him out of   
the town4 ,what's the room you give him8
  ,the room you would not take4  ,the   
room in which ,nora slept8 ,oh1 no6 ,i  
could not have slept a wink there4 ,what
 a charm there was in that girl6--how we
 all loved her6 ,but she was too        
beautiful and good for us--too good to  
live6  ,none of us are too good1 said   
,mrs4 ,avenel with great austerity1 and 
,i beg you will not talk in that way4   
,good night--,i must get your poor      
father to bed4  ,when ,leonard opened   
his eyes the next morning1 they rested  
on the face of ,mrs4 ,avenel1 which was 
bending over his pillow4 ,but it was    
long before he could recognize that     
countenance1 so changed was its         
expression--so tender1 so motherlike4   
,nay1 the face of his own mother had    
never seemed to him so soft with a      
mother's passion4  ,ah6 he murmured1    
half rising and flinging his young arms 
round her neck4 ,mrs4 ,avenel1 this     
time1 and for the first1 taken by       

surprise1 warmly returned the embrace2  
she clasped him to her breast1 she      
kissed him again and again4 ,at length  
with a quick start she escaped1 and     
walked up and down the room1 pressing   
her hands tightly together4 ,when she   
halted1 her face had recovered its usual
 severity and cold precision4  ,it is   
time for you to rise1 ,leonard1 said    
she4 ,you will leave us to-day4 ,a      
gentleman has promised to take charge of
 you1 and do for you more than we can4  
,a chaise will be at the door soon--make
 haste4  ,john was absent from the      
breakfast-table4 ,his wife said that he 
never rose till late1 and must not be   
disturbed4  ,the meal was scarce over1  
before a chaise and pair came to the    
door4  ,you must not keep the chaise    
waiting--the gentleman is very punctual4
  ,but he is not come4  ,no1 he has     
walked on before1 and will get in after 
you are out of the town4  ,what is his  
name1 and why should he care for me1    
grandmother8  ,he will tell you himself4

 ,now1 come4  ,but you will bless me    
again1 grandmother8 ,i love you already4
  ,i do bless you1 said ,mrs4 ,avenel   
firmly4 ,be honest and good1 and beware 
of the first false step4 ,she pressed   
his hand with a convulsive grasp1 and   
led him to the outer door4  ,the postboy
 clanked his whip1 the chaise rattled   
off4 ,leonard put his head out of the   
window to catch a last glimpse of the   
old woman4 ,but the boughs of the       
pollard oak1 and its gnarled decaying   
trunk1 hid her from his eye4 ,and look  
as he would1 till the road turned1 he   
saw but the melancholy tree4            
,,footnotes3  ,k ,this aphorism has been
 probably assigned to ,lord ,bacon upon 
the mere authority of the index to his  
works4 ,it is the aphorism of the       
index-maker1 certainly not of the great 
master of inductive philosophy4 ,bacon  
has1 it is true1 repeatedly dwelt on the
 power of knowledge1 but with so many   
explanations and distinctions1 that     
nothing could be more unjust to his     

general meaning than to attempt to cramp
 into a sentence what it costs him a    
volume to define4 ,thus1 if in one page 
he appears to confound knowledge with   
power1 in another he sets them in the   
strongest antithesis to each other2 as  
follows1 ,adeo1 signanter ,deus opera   
potenti et sapienti discriminavit4 ,but 
it would be as unfair to ,bacon to      
convert into an aphorism the sentence   
that discriminates between knowledge and
 power as it is to convert into an      
aphorism any sentence that confounds    
them4  ,l ,but the greatest error of all
 the rest is the mistaking or misplacing
 of the last or farthest end of         
knowledge3--for men have entered into a 
desire of learning and knowledge1       
sometimes upon a natural curiosity and  
inquisitive appetite3 sometimes to      
entertain their minds with variety and  
delight2 sometimes for ornament and     
reputation2 and sometimes to enable them
 to victory of wit and contradiction2   
and most times for lucre and            

profession1--7that is1 for most of those
 objects which are meant by the ordinary
 citers of the saying1 ',knowledge is   
power2'7 and seldom sincerely to give a 
true account of these gifts of reason to
 the benefit and use of men2 as if there
 were sought in knowledge a couch       
whereon to rest a searching and restless
 spirit2 or a terrace for a wandering   
and variable mind to walk up and down1  
with a fair prospect2 or a tower of     
state for a proud mind to raise itself  
upon2 or a fort or commanding ground for
 strife and contention2 or a shop for   
profit or sale--and not a rich          
storehouse for the glory of the         
,creator1 and the relief of men's       
estate4--,,advancememt ,,of ,,learning1 
,book ,i4     ,from the new novel1 ,rose
 ,douglass4  ,a ,,family ,,of ,,old     
,,maids4   ,such a family of old maids6 
,the youngest mistress was forty1 and   
the two servants were somewhat older4   
,they had each their pets too1 except ,i
 think the eldest1 who was the          

clearest-headed of the family4 ,the     
servants had the same ,christian name1  
which was rather perplexing1 as neither 
would consent to be called by her       
surname4 ,how their mistresses managed  
to distinguish them ,i do not recollect2
 but the country people settled it      
easily amongst themselves by early      
naming them according to their different
 heights1 lang ,jenny1 and little       
,jenny4 ,they were characters in their  
way as well as their mistresses4 ,they  
had served them for upwards of twenty   
years1 and knew every secret of the     
family1 being as regularly consulted as 
any of the members of it4 ,they         
regulated the expenses too1 much as they
 liked1 which was in a very frugal1     
economical manner4 ,the two ,jennies had
 not much relished their removal to the 
country1 and still often sighed with    
regret for the gossipings they once     
enjoyed in the ,castlegate of ,lanark4  
,but they could not bear to part from   
the family2 so they now boomed at their 

wheels or mended the household linen in 
the damp dull kitchen of ,burnside1     
instead of performing the same work in  
their old cosy1 comfortable one in the  
burgh town1 and tried to indemnify      
themselves for their privations by      
establishing a kind of patronizing      
familiarity with various of the         
cottagers' wives4  ,miss ,jess and ,miss
 ,jean were the names of the younger    
ladies4 ,there was that species of      
resemblance among all the sisters1 both 
mental and personal1 which is often to  
be observed in members of the same      
family4 ,menie1 the eldest sister1 was1 
however1 much superior to the others in 
force of character1 but her mind had not
 been cultivated by reading4 ,jess1 the 
second1 was a large coarse-looking      
woman1 with a masculine voice1 and      
tastes decidedly so4 ,an excellent      
wright or smith she would have made1 if 
unfortunately she had not been born a   
gentlewoman4 ,she had a habit of        
wandering about the grounds with a small

 hammer and nails in her huge pocket1   
examining the fences1 and mending them  
if necessary4 ,she could pick a lock    
too1 when needed1 with great neatness   
and dispatch4 ,i rather think she could 
repair one also4 ,i have still in my    
possession a small box of her making1   
which1 for execution and durability1 ,i 
will match against the performance of   
any rival amateur of the opposite sex4  
,in spite1 however1 of such freaks1 and 
as if to make amends for them1 ,miss    
,jess possessed one of the softest and  
most impressionable hearts which ever   
fell to the lot of a mature maiden of   
forty-five4 ,she had suffered from no   
less than six different attachments     
during her life 7she made me her        
confidante71 and most unfortunately they
 had never been to the right individual1
 for they were not returned4 ,but poor  
,miss ,jess cherished no malice2 she    
freely forgave them their insensibility4
 ,indeed1 she had not the heart to kill 
a fly4 ,every beggar imposed on her1 and

 her sisters were obliged for her own   
sake to restrain her charities4 ,her    
dress1 like her pursuits1 had always a  
certain masculine air about it4 ,she    
wore large rough boots1 coarse gloves1  
and a kind of man's cravat constantly   
twisted about her neck when out of      
doors4 ,in short1 she was one of those  
persons one cannot help liking1 yet     
laughing at4 ,jean1 the youngest sister1
 had been a beauty in her time1 and she 
still laid claim to the distinction     
resulting from it4 ,it was a pity1      
considering the susceptibility of her   
second sister1 that her charms had not  
been shared by her4 ,jean was           
coquettish1 and affected a somewhat     
youthful manner and style of dress1     
which contrasted ill with her time of   
life4 ,but the rest of the family1 in   
which of course ,i include the servants1
 evidently considered her a young       
thoughtless thing for whom much         
allowance must be made4     ,historical 
,review of the ,month4   ,,the ,,united 

,,states4  ,since the close of the      
,executive ,session of the ,senate and  
the departure of the members for their  
homes1 ,washington has relapsed into the
 usual quiet of its summer season4 ,mr4 
,corwin1 ,secretary of the ,treasury1   
has been dangerously ill1 but is now    
slowly recovering4 ,the duties of the   
office were temporarily performed by the
 ,chief ,clerk of the ,department4 ,seor
 ,molina1 ,charg to the ,united ,states 
from the ,central ,american ,state of   
,costa ,rica1 has presented his         
credentials to the ,president4 ,m4 ,bois
 le ,comte1 the ,french ,minister       
,plenipotentiary1 having been superseded
 by the appointment of ,m4 de ,sartiges1
 has sold his furniture and gone to     
,havana4 ,a public dinner was given to  
,mr4 ,webster at ,annapolis1 ,maryland1 
on the #bdth of ,march1 by the          
,delegates of the ,maryland ,state      
,convention4 ,it was attended by a large
 number of distinguished persons4 ,mr4  
,webster then proceeded to ,harrisburgh1

 where he had been invited by the       
,legislature of ,pennsylvania4 ,a grand 
reception was given him in the ,hall of 
the ,house of ,representatives4 ,gov4   
,johnson introduced the distinguished   
guest in a brief address of welcome1 to 
which ,mr4 ,webster responded in a      
speech of an hour's length4 ,he spoke of
 the commanding physical position of    
,pennsylvania1 forming1 as it were1 the 
key-stone between the ,north and the    
,south1 the waters of the ,atlantic and 
the ,mississippi4 ,occupying1 thus1 a   
middle ground between the two           
conflicting portions of the ,union1 he  
considered her disposed to do her duty  
to both1 regardless of the suggestions  
of local prejudices4 ,he then pronounced
 a most glowing and eloquent eulogium on
 the ,constitution1 and concluded by    
affirming his belief that ages hence the
 ,united ,states will be free and       
republican1 still making constant       
progress in general confidence1 respect1
 and prosperity4 ,mr4 ,webster is at    

present on his ,marshfield estate1      
recovering from an indisposition        
consequent on his labors during the past
 winter4  ,the ,state ,convention of    
,ohio has framed a new ,constitution1   
which is to be submitted to the people  
for acceptance4 ,it provides for the    
maintenance of religious freedom1       
equality of political rights1 liberty of
 speech and of the press1 and no        
imprisonment for debt4 ,the members of  
each branch of the ,legislature are     
chosen biennially4 ,the ,governor1      
,lieutenant ,governor1 ,secretary of    
,state1 ,treasurer1 and ,attorney       
,general1 are to be chosen by the people
 for a term of two years1 and the       
,judges for a term of five years4 ,the  
,legislature is to provide a system of  
,free ,education1 and ,institutions for 
the ,insane1 ,blind1 ,deaf and ,dumb are
 to be supported by the ,state4 ,the    
,ohio ,legislature has passed           
resolutions in favor of the repeal or   
modification of the ,fugitive ,slave    

,law1 principally on account of its     
denial of a trial by jury to the        
fugitive4  ,the ,union feeling is       
entirely in the ascendant throughout the
 ,southern ,states4 ,a ,committee of the
 ,virginia ,legislature1 to whom the    
resolutions of the ,south ,carolina     
,convention were referred1 reported a   
preamble and series of resolutions of   
the most patriotic character4 ,they     
declare that while ,virginia deeply     
sympathizes with ,south ,carolina1 she  
cannot join in any action calculated to 
impair the integrity of the ,union4 ,she
 believes the ,constitution sufficient  
for the remedy of all grievances1 and   
invokes all who live under it to adhere 
more strictly to it1 and to preserve    
inviolate its safeguards4 ,virginia also
 declines to send ,delegates to the     
proposed ,southern ,congress4 ,in       
,georgia1 a number of ,delegates have   
been elected to a ,state ,convention of 
the ,union party for the nomination of a
 ,candidate for ,governor4 ,the ,state  

,convention of ,missouri has adopted an 
address and resolutions fully sustaining
 ,mr4 ,benton in his course in          
opposition to the ,disunionists4 ,in    
,mississippi1 the ,union party have     
taken measures for a thorough           
organization4 ,delegates have been      
chosen to a ,state ,convention for the  
nomination of a ticket4 ,the ,southern  
party are about forming a similar       
organization1 the old party lines having
 been almost entirely abandoned4 ,the   
only counter-movement in the ,north1 is 
the assembling of a ,state ,convention  
in ,massachusetts1 in opposition to the 
,fugitive ,slave ,law1 without          
distinction of party4 ,in ,tennessee1   
the friends of the ,free ,school ,system
 have called a ,general ,state          
,convention1 to be held at ,knoxville4  
,the ,new-,jersey ,legislature has      
enacted a law prohibiting the employment
 of children under ten years of age in  
factories1 and providing that ten hours 
shall be considered a legal day's labor 

in all manufacturing establishments4    
,the ,annual ,election in ,rhode ,island
 resulted in the choice of ,philip      
,allen1 the ,democratic ,candidate for  
,governor1 by #fjj majority4 ,the       
,legislature stands--,senate1 #ad       
,democrats and #ac ,whigs2 ,assembly1   
#ca ,democrats and #be ,whigs4 ,the     
,election in ,connecticut gave the      
following returns for the next          
,legislature3 ,senate1 #ac ,whigs and #h
 ,democrats2 ,legislature #aac ,whigs   
and #aaj ,democrats4 ,as the election of
 ,governor falls upon the ,legislature1 
the probability is that the ,governor   
and the ,united ,states ,senator for the
 next six years will be chosen from the 
,whig party4 ,the ,legislature of       
,new-,york paid a visit to the cities of
 ,new-,york and ,brooklyn1 about the end
 of ,march4 ,they remained four days1   
during which time they visited all the  
charitable institutions on the island1  
in company with the city authorities4   
,this is the first instance on record of

 an official visit of the ,legislature  
to the commercial metropolis of the     
,state4  ,boston has been the theatre of
 some disturbing and exciting           
proceedings1 growing out of the         
anti-slavery feeling of a portion of the
 community4 ,a fugitive slave named     
,sims1 who had escaped from ,savannah1  
and had been in ,boston about a month1  
was arrested by the ,deputy ,united     
,states ,marshal1 at the instance of an 
agent of the owner4 ,on being taken1 he 
drew a knife and inflicted a severe     
wound on one of the officers in         
attendance4 ,an abolitionist lawyer1 who
 attempted to interfere1 was arrested   
and sent to the watch-house4 ,fletcher  
,webster1 ,esq41 son of the ,secretary  
of ,state1 was also seized and taken to 
jail1 on account of having attempted to 
prevent a watchman from ringing the bell
 of ,king's ,chapel1 under the          
supposition that it was a trick of the  
,abolitionists to collect a mob4 ,the   
next day1 this sect called a meeting on 

,boston ,common1 which was largely      
attended4 ,rev4 ,theodore ,parker1      
,wendell ,phillips1 and other speakers1 
addressed the meeting1 urging instant   
and armed resistance to the operation of
 the law4 ,the ,police1 on the other    
hand1 took every precaution to prevent a
 forcible rescue of the prisoner4 ,the  
,court-,house1 in which he was confined1
 was surrounded by chains to keep off   
the crowd1 and guarded by a strong      
force2 several military companies were  
also kept in readiness4 ,the friends of 
the fugitive endeavored to make use of  
the case for the purpose of testing the 
constitutionality of the law1 and a     
hearing was had before the ,united      
,states ,commissioner1 in which the     
question was argued at length4 ,in order
 to prevent the delivery of ,sims1 a    
complaint was instituted for assault and
 battery with intent to kill the officer
 who arrested him4 ,chief ,justice      
,shaw1 of the ,supreme ,court1 however1 
decided that a writ of habeas corpus    

could not be granted1 and the ,united   
,states ,commissioner having1 from the  
evidence adduced1 remanded ,sims to the 
keeping of his claimant1 authority was  
given to take him back to ,savannah4 ,as
 an assault was feared from the         
abolitionists and colored people in     
,boston1 the brig ,acorn was chartered  
to proceed to ,savannah1 and ,sims taken
 on board1 in custody of the ,united    
,states ,deputy ,marshal and several    
police officers4 ,a large number of     
persons offered their services in case  
any attack should be made4 ,a large     
crowd collected on the wharf as the     
party embarked1 and a clergyman present 
knelt down and pronounced a prayer for  
the rescue of the fugitive4 ,no open act
 of violence was committed1 and after   
laying a day off ,nantasket ,beach1 the 
schooner proceeded on her way to        
,savannah4  ,the ,equinoctial storm1    
this spring1 commenced on the #afth of  
,march1 and raged for three days with   
unusual violence4 ,it was severely felt 

along the ,atlantic coast1 and did much 
damage to the shipping4 ,amin ,bey1 the 
,turkish ,envoy to the ,united ,states1 
sailed from ,boston on the #ith of      
,april1 on his return to                
,constantinople4 ,the election of a     
,united ,states ,senator by the         
,massachusetts ,legislature has twice   
again been tried1 unsuccessfully4 ,on   
the last ballot1 ,mr4 ,sumner lacked #ab
 votes of an election4 ,it was then     
further postponed to the #bc;d of       
,april4 ,the census of ,virginia has    
been completed1 showing an aggregate    
population of #a1dba1jha1 about #dgc1jjj
 of whom are slaves4 ,at the last       
accounts ,jenny ,lind was in            
,cincinnati1 after having given two very
 successful concerts in ,nashville and  
two in ,louisville4 ,she has also paid a
 visit to the ,mammoth ,cave4 ,several  
large crevasses have broken out on the  
,mississippi ,river1 and another        
overflow of the plantations is          
threatened4  ,the latest mails from     

,texas bring us little news beyond the  
continuance of ,indian depredations on  
the frontier4 ,several ,american        
outlaws1 who had crossed the ,rio       
,grande for the purposes of plunder1    
were captured by the ,mexicans and      
executed4 ,major ,bartlett1 the ,united 
,states ,boundary ,commissioner1 arrived
 at ,san ,antonio from ,el ,paso1 on the
 #agth of ,march1 with a train of fifty 
wagons4 ,he immediately proceeded to    
,new ,orleans for the purpose of        
arranging for the transmission of       
supplies4 ,four persons1 who were       
concerned in the murder of ,mr4 ,clark  
and others1 at a small village near ,el 
,paso1 have been captured1 convicted by 
a jury summoned on the instant1 and     
hung4 ,the ,boundary ,commissioners have
 at last agreed on the starting point of
 the survey1 which will secure to the   
,united ,states a much larger and more  
valuable tract of territory than was    
anticipated4 ,the point established is  
the intersection of the parallel of #cb 

with the ,rio ,grande1 which is about   
#ah miles north of ,el ,paso4 ,from this
 place the line runs due west till it   
strikes some branch of the ,gila1 or if 
no branch is met1 to the point nearest  
the ,gila ,river1 whence it runs due    
north to the river4 ,it is ascertained  
that the only branch of the ,gila which 
this line can strike is about one       
hundred and fifty miles west of the gold
 and copper mines1 leaving that rich    
mineral region within the ,united       
,states4 ,this boundary lies to the     
south of the old limits of ,new ,mexico1
 and takes in a large region that has   
always belonged to the ,state of        
,chihuahua4  ,we have accounts from     
,santa ,fe to the #agth of ,february4   
,the winter had been unusually mild1 and
 the prospects of the spring trade were 
very favorable4 ,the ,united ,states    
,marshal had completed the census of the
 ,territory4 ,the total population is   
#fa1egd1 of whom only #fej are          
,americans4 ,of the ,mexicans over #ba  

years of age1 only one in #ajc is able  
to read4 ,the number of square miles in 
the ,territory is #aii1jbg-a_/b4 ,the   
depredations of the ,indians are on the 
increase4 ,the tribes have become bolder
 than ever1 and the amount of stock     
driven off by them1 is enormous4 ,great 
preparations are making at ,fort        
,laramie1 on the ,platte1 and all the   
other stations on the overland route1 to
 accommodate the summer emigration4 ,a  
substantial bridge has been built over  
the ,north ,fork of the ,platte1 #ajj   
miles above ,fort ,laramie4 ,here1 also1
 blacksmith's shops have been erected to
 accommodate those who need repairs to  
their wagons4  ,two mails and about     
#c1jjj1jjj in gold dust have arrived    
from ,california during the past month4 
,the accounts from ,san ,francisco are  
to the #eth of ,march4 ,the ,joint      
,convention of the ,legislature1 which  
assembled on the #agth of ,february for 
the purpose of choosing a ,united       
,states ,senator1 adjourned till the    

first day of ,january next1 after one   
hundred and forty-four ineffectual      
ballots4 ,on the last ballot1 the ,hon4 
,t4 ,butler ,king1 the ,whig candidate1 
had twenty votes1 lacking four of an    
election2 ,col4 ,fremont nine1 and ,col4
 ,weller eighteen4 ,another ,legislature
 is to be elected before the next       
session4 ,the bonds offered by ,gen4    
,vallejo have been accepted1 so that    
nothing but their fulfilment remains to 
secure the seat of government for the   
yet unbuilt city4  ,the weather still   
continued to be remarkably dry and mild1
 owing to which cause1 the miners were  
doing less than usual1 and business was 
consequently dull4 ,in many localities1 
the miners1 after waiting in vain for   
showers enough to enable them to wash   
out their piles of dirt1 set themselves 
to work at constructing races to lead   
off the mountain streams4 ,in some      
places mountains have been tunneled to  
divert the water into the desired       
channels4 ,the yield of gold1 wherever  

mining can be diligently carried on1 has
 in nowise diminished1 and new placers  
of remarkable richness are announced as 
having been discovered on the ,yuba1    
,feather1 ,scott and ,klamath ,rivers1  
and in the neighborhood of ,monterey1   
,los ,angeles and ,san ,diego4 ,veins of
 gold in quartz are far more abundant   
and of richer character than was        
anticipated2 several companies have been
 formed for working them with machinery4
 ,dredging-machines1 attached to        
steamboats1 have also been introduced on
 the ,yuba ,river1 the bed of which has 
been dug up and washed out in some      
places1 with much success4 ,the         
excitement in relation to the ,gold     
,bluff is over4 ,several vessels have   
returned filled with disappointed       
adventurers4 ,the black sand on the     
beach contains a large quantity of gold1
 but in particles so fine as to prevent 
its being separated by the ordinary     
process of washing4 ,on ,pitt ,river1   
the principal affluent of the ,upper    

,sacramento1 a hill of pure carbonate of
 magnesia1 #ajj feet high1 has been     
discovered4 ,large masses are easily    
detached1 and thousands of wagons could 
be loaded with very little labor4  ,the 
,indian hostilities have not yet ceased4
 ,after the taking of the stronghold on 
,fresno ,creek1 ,major ,burney and ,mr4 
,savage returned to ,mariposa for       
provisions4 ,they raised a force of #aej
 men1 which they divided into two       
parties1 one of which met the ,indians  
on ,san ,joaquin ,river1 when a running 
fight ensued that lasted all day4 ,the  
,indians were driven off1 after the loss
 of forty men4 ,the ,legislature has    
passed a law authorizing a loan of      
#ejj1jjj for the purpose of prosecuting 
the war1 but upon such terms that it is 
doubtful whether the money can be       
obtained4  ,the condition of society in 
,california shows an alarming tendency  
among the people to take the law into   
their own hands4 ,the papers ascribe    
this state of things to the imperfect   

and corrupt manner in which the officers
 of the law have discharged their       
functions4 ,acts of violence and crime  
are frequent in all parts of the        
country1 and the mining communities1    
with few exceptions1 administer summary 
punishment wherever the offender is     
captured4 ,sacramento ,city has been the
 scene of a case of this kind1 where the
 people1 having no confidence in the    
ordinary process of the law1 took the   
avenging power in their own hands4 ,a   
gambler named ,roe having shot an       
inoffensive miner1 an immense crowd     
assembled around the guard-house where  
he was kept1 a jury of the citizens was 
chosen1 witnesses summoned1 and the case
 formally investigated4 ,the jury       
decided that ,roe was guilty of the act1
 and remanded him for trial4 ,this1     
however1 did not satisfy the crowd1 who 
clamored for instant punishment1 and    
finally succeeded in forcing the doors  
of the jail and overcoming the officers4
 ,the prisoner was hurried forth1 amid  

the shouts and execrations of the       
multitude1 a scaffold was erected1 and  
at nine o'clock the same evening he was 
hung1 with the ceremonies usually       
observed4 ,an attempt at lynching was   
made in ,san ,francisco about the same  
time4 ,two ruffians1 having attempted to
 rob and murder a merchant of that city1
 the people assembled on the plaza and  
demanded an instant trial1 with the     
understanding that if found guilty1 the 
prisoners should be immediately hung4   
,an examination was held1 but the jury  
could not agree1 after which the accused
 were given into the charge of the      
regular tribunal4  ,an unfortunate      
catastrophe occurred in the ,bay of ,san
 ,francisco1 on the #dth of ,march4 ,the
 steamer ,santa ,clara1 lying at        
,central ,wharf1 took fire1 which       
communicated to the steamer ,hartford1  
lying near1 and to the rigging of       
several vessels4 ,the latter boat was   
considerably damaged before the         
conflagration could be extinguished2 the

 ,santa ,clara was entirely destroyed4  
,she was the first steamboat ever built 
in ,san ,francisco1 and was running on  
the line between that port and          
,stockton4 ,the loss by the fire was    
about #ij1jjj4  ,news from ,oregon to   
the #ast of ,march state that the       
,legislature had adjourned1 having      
established the seat of ,government at  
,salem1 in ,maryland county1 the        
,penitentiary at ,portland1 in          
,washington county1 and the ,university 
at ,marysville1 in ,benton county4 ,the 
,governor1 however1 had refused to sign 
this act4 ,the agricultural prospects1  
both of ,california and ,oregon1 are    
very flattering4 ,during the past winter
 a great deal of land has been broken up
 and planted1 and the fields promise    
abundant harvests4   ,,europe4  ,the    
ministerial crisis in ,,england         
terminated on the #c;d of ,march by the 
recall of the ,russell ,cabinet1 entire 
and unchanged4 ,in making this          
announcement in the ,house of ,commons1 

,lord ,john ,russell stated that a      
coalition between himself and the party 
of ,sir ,james ,graham and ,lord        
,aberdeen was impossible1 on account of 
the refusal of the latter to consent to 
the ,papal ,aggression ,bill4 ,in       
returning to power1 however1 the whigs  
brought up this bill in a modified and  
milder form4 ,the situation of the      
ministry was hardly less precarious than
 before their resignation4 ,they were   
again defeated in the ,commons1 on a    
motion to reform the administration of  
the woods and forests1 #abj voting for  
the reform1 and #aai voting with the    
ministers against it4 ,the ,papal       
,aggression ,bill has been the cause of 
several exciting debates in the ,house  
of ,commons1 ,mr4 ,drummond1 an ultra   
,protestant member1 created quite a     
disturbance by ridiculing the relics    
which have lately been displayed in     
various parts of the ,continent4 ,at the
 latest dates the bill had passed to a  
second reading by a vote of #dch to #ie1

 the radical members voting in the      
minority4 ,the fate of the bill is still
 far from being decided2 the ministry   
are weak1 and it is predicted that the  
,cabinet will not last longer than the  
session of ,parliament4 ,lord ,john     
,russell has brought in a bill reforming
 the administration of the ,court of    
,chancery1 but the new budget1 which has
 been looked for with a great deal of   
interest1 has not yet made its          
appearance4 ,during the debate on the   
,papal ,aggression ,bill1 ,mr4 ,berkley 
,craven demanded legal interference in  
the case of his step-daughter1 the ,hon4
 ,miss ,talbot1 who1 being an heiress in
 her own right to eighty thousand       
pounds1 had been prevailed upon to enter
 a convent for the purpose of taking the
 veil4 ,as the ceremony was to be       
performed before she had attained her   
majority1 this sum would in all         
probability go to the funds of the      
,catholic ,church4 ,the statement of    
this case produced a strong sensation   

throughout ,england1 and added to the   
violent excitement on the ,catholic     
,question4  ,the preparations for the   
,world's ,fair are going on with great  
energy1 workmen being employed1 day and 
night in finishing the building and     
arranging the goods4 ,the severest tests
 have been used to try the strength of  
the galleries1 which sustained an       
immense weight without the least        
deflection4 ,in rainy weather the roof  
leaks in places1 a defect which it has  
been found almost impossible to remedy4 
,several changes have been made in the  
exhibition regulations1 to which the    
,american delegates in ,london take     
exceptions1 and they have appointed a   
,committee to confer with the           
,commissioners on the subject4 ,a       
splendid dinner was given to ,macready1 
the actor1 on the #ast of ,march1 on the
 occasion of his retirement from the    
stage4 ,sir ,e4 ,bulwer ,lytton         
presided1 and speeches were made by     
,charles ,dickens1 ,chevalier ,bunsen1  

,mr4 ,thackeray1 and others4 ,three     
hundred ,hungarian exiles recently      
arrived at ,liverpool1 from             
,constantinople1 on their way to the    
,united ,states4 ,a large number of     
them1 of ,polish origin1 preferred      
remaining in ,england1 to wait a new    
revolution on the ,continent4 ,a        
terrible accident took place at a       
coal-pit near ,paisley1 in ,scotland4   
,sixty-three men and boys were at work  
when an explosion took place1 supposed  
to have been caused by fire-damp4 ,of   
the whole number in the pit but two were
 rescued alive4  ,the third anniversary 
of the ,republic was celebrated in      
,,france with imposing ceremonies4      
,during the ,carnival week1 however1 the
 people in various localities chose to  
hang the ,president in effigy1 and utter
 socialist cries4 ,for these offences   
arrests were made in more than fifty    
towns4 ,these facts1 with the suspension
 of ,michelet as ,professor of ,history 
in the ,college of ,france1 because his 

lectures were considered too democratic1
 denote an unquiet state of things in   
the ,republic4 ,as the term of ,louis   
,napoleon approaches its termination1   
the position of parties becomes more    
nervous and uncertain4 ,in the          
,assembly1 the proposition of ,m4       
,creton to take into consideration the  
abolition of the law exiling the        
,orleans family1 brought on the most    
violent debate of the session4 ,the     
adherents of the ,mountain were strongly
 in favor of continuing the exile4      
,negotiations have been carried on for  
some time past between the ,orleanists  
and the ,legitimists1 and early in      
,march it was announced that an alliance
 had been effected1 the ,orleanists to  
acknowledge the right of precedence of  
the ,count de ,chambord1 7,henri ,v417  
who1 in his turn1 was to proclaim the   
young ,count of ,paris as his successor4
 ,the ,count de ,chambord was at this   
time dangerously ill1 and his recovery  
was scarcely hoped for4 ,since then it  

appears that there is much confusion    
between the two parties1 the duchess of 
,orleans refusing to set aside the      
claims of her son1 on any consideration 
whatever4 ,the party of ,louis ,napoleon
 are intriguing to prolong the          
presidential term1 and it is said that  
in this they will be joined by the      
,orleanists4 ,no permanent ministry has 
yet been organized4 ,it is rumored that 
,odillon ,barrot refused to accept the  
principal place1 which was tendered to  
him1 unless ,louis ,napoleon would agree
 to leave his office at the end of his  
term4  ,a quarrel has broken out in the 
,french ,catholic ,church4 ,some time   
ago the ,archbishop of ,paris issued a  
pastoral letter1 recommending the clergy
 to avoid engaging in political         
agitations1 and appearing to the world  
as party men4 ,the letter was mild but  
decisive in its tone1 and met with      
general approval4 ,lately1 the ,bishop  
of ,chartres has published a sort of    
counter-blast1 in the shape of a        

pastoral to his own clergy1 written in  
the most severe and denunciatory forms4 
,this letter he ordered to be published 
in the religious journals of ,paris2 and
 the ,archbishop has referred the matter
 to the ,provincial ,council1 which will
 be called this year4  ,,germany is     
still pursuing her ignis-fatuus of      
,unity1 which is no nearer than when she
 first set out4 ,the ,dresden           
,conference is still in session1 and up 
to the #bjth of ,march had not adopted  
any plan of a ,federal ,diet4 ,it is    
almost impossible to conjecture what    
will be the basis of the settlement4    
,more than twenty of the smaller states 
protested against the plans proposed by 
,austria2 and ,prussia1 assuming the    
character of protector1 refused to allow
 their further arrangement4 ,the ,king  
of ,prussia also refuses to accede to an
 agreement which his delegates had made1
 allowing ,austria to bring her         
non-,german provinces to the            
confederacy4 ,in this he is sustained by

 ,russia1 who would not willingly see   
the former country restored to virtual  
independence by the supremacy which this
 plan would give her4 ,a return to the  
old ,diet is spoken of in some quarters1
 but perhaps the most likely result will
 be the concession of the presidency to 
,austria1 on the part of ,prussia4 ,a   
meeting between the ministers of the two
 countries is contemplated4 ,the entire 
population of ,prussia1 by the census   
taken last year1 is #af1cca1jjj4 ,a fire
 in ,berlin has destroyed the building  
in which the ,upper ,house of           
,parliament held its meetings4  ,the old
 order reigns in ,,hesse-,,cassel1      
,baron ,haynau having issued a          
proclamation to the ,hessian army1 in   
which he declares that he is the        
,constitution1 and will crush under foot
 the ,god-abandoned1 pernicious gang1   
which threatens the welfare of the      
,state4 ,nevertheless1 the popular      
feeling remains unchanged4 ,lately1 the 
citizens of ,cassel were forbidden to   

shout or make any demonstration1 on the 
return of a regiment which had been     
marked by the ,government for its       
sympathy with the popular cause4 ,the   
people preserved silence1 but adroitly  
expressed their feelings by chalking the
 word ,hurrah6 in large letters on the  
backs of their coats and walking in     
front of the regiment4 ,the ,government 
of ,,switzerland has at last yielded to 
the demands of ,austria and ,prussia1   
and authorized the ,cantons to refuse   
shelter to political refugees4 ,those   
already there may be expelled1 should   
the ,cantons see fit4 ,after the        
insurrection in ,baden1 the refugees who
 entered the ,swiss territory1 amounted 
to about #aa1jjj1 but they have so      
decreased by emigration to ,england and 
,america1 that at present there are but 
#dhb remaining4 ,the ,government of     
,switzerland lately endeavored to       
procure passage through ,piedmont for   
some ,austrian deserters from the army  
in ,lombardy1 who wished to sail from   

,genoa for ,montevideo2 but the         
,piedmontese ,government refused to     
allow it4  ,,italy is fermenting with   
the elements of revolution4 ,the        
bandits1 who have been committing such  
depredations in the ,roman ,states1 are 
not robbers1 it now appears1 but        
revolutionary bands4 ,their             
extermination is almost impossible1 on  
account of the secrecy and adroitness   
with which the peasants are enrolled    
into the service of their chief1 ,il    
,passatore4 ,they only meet at a general
 rendezvous1 when some important        
expedition is contemplated1 and         
afterwards return to their own          
avocations4 ,they receive regular pay   
from the moment of their enlistment1 and
 as the links of the organization extend
 over a wide extent of country1 the     
system must require a considerable      
amount of money4 ,it is conjectured that
 this band is the preparative of a      
political revolution1 instigated by the 
agents of ,mazzini4 ,in ,lombardy the   

most severe restrictions have been      
issued by ,radetsky4 ,an interdict has  
been laid upon a hat of particular form1
 and a republican song in favor of      
,mazzini4 ,the populace1 however1       
inserted the name of ,radetsky in place 
of the triumvir1 and now sing the song  
with impunity4 ,a plot has been         
discovered among the aristocratic party 
of ,piedmont1 to deliver the country    
into the hands of the ,absolutists4 ,the
 army of the kingdom is to be put upon a
 war footing4 ,washington's birthday was
 celebrated in ,rome1 with interesting  
ceremonies4 ,about one hundred          
,americans met in the ,palazzo ,poli1   
where they partook of a splendid        
banquet1 at which ,mr4 ,cass1 the ,u4   
,s4 ,charg1 presided4  ,in ,,norway the 
,thirteenth ,storthing1 or ,national    
,assembly1 has been opened by ,king     
,oscar4 ,in his speech1 he spoke of the 
tranquillity which the ,scandinavian    
,peninsula had enjoyed1 while the other 
nations of ,europe had been convulsed   

with revolutions1 and warned the people 
against delusive theories and ideas     
which lead only to discontent with      
existing relations4 ,he also recommended
 the construction of a railroad from the
 city of ,christiana to ,lake ,mjsen4   
,several serious riots have taken place 
in ,stockholm1 and ,drontheim1 in       
,norway4 ,on ,february #adth1 the       
students of the ,university of ,upsala1 
to the number of #ejj1 paraded the      
streets of ,stockholm1 and were not     
dispersed till a collision took place   
between them and the police4 ,the same  
scenes were renewed next day1 when the  
students were joined by the people2 the 
streets were cleared by squadrons of    
cavalry1 and the principal rioters      
arrested4  ,the dispute between ,,turkey
 and ,,egypt is still far from being    
settled4 ,abbas ,pacha1 however1 is not 
at present in a condition to come to an 
open rupture with the ,sublime ,porte1  
and these differences will probably be  
quietly settled4 ,the ,pacha is also    

involved in a dispute with the ,french  
,consul-,general1 in relation to the    
claims of certain ,french officers1 who 
were dismissed from the ,egyptian       
service before the expiration of their  
terms4 ,late advices from               
,constantinople state that a definite   
arrangement has been made with regard to
 the ,hungarian refugees4 ,the ,emperor 
of ,austria has granted a full amnesty  
to all except eight1 among whom are     
,kossuth and ,bathyany1 on condition    
that they shall make no attempt to      
return to ,hungary4 ,the eight          
proscribed persons are to remain at     
,kutahya until further orders4 ,general 
,dembinski had reached ,constantinople1 
where he was well received1 and would   
shortly leave for ,paris4   ,,british   
,,america4  ,an interesting election has
 just been held in the county of        
,haldimand1 ,canada ,west1 to supply a  
vacancy in the ,canadian ,parliament1   
occasioned by the death of ,david       
,thompson1 ,esq4 ,there were four       

candidates1 one of whom was the noted   
,william ,lyon ,mackenzie1 leader of the
 ,rebellion of #ahcg4 ,the election     
resulted in the choice of ,mackenzie1   
who1 after an exile of twelve years1    
resumes his seat in the ,legislative    
,assembly4 ,the ,government had         
previously recognized his claim for     
#a1jjj1 with interest1 for services     
rendered antecedent to the rebellion4   
,the annexation feeling is reviving in  
some portions of ,lower ,canada4 ,at a  
public meeting recently held in the     
county of ,huntingdon1 several of the   
speakers expressed themselves very      
strongly in favor of annexation to the  
,united ,states4 ,the ,catholic clergy  
oppose the movement4 ,one of the leading
 ,canadian politicians has drawn up a   
scheme of ,federal ,union for the       
,british ,provinces1 including the      
,hudson's ,bay ,company's ,territories1 
modelled on the federal system of the   
,united ,states4 ,the ,canadian         
,government recently had under          

consideration the expediency of closing 
the ,welland ,canal against ,american   
vessels1 on account of the refusal of   
the ,united ,states ,government to adopt
 reciprocity measures4 ,this course1    
which would seriously injure our        
commercial interests on the ,lakes1 has 
not yet been pursued1 and the           
,government will probably abandon the   
idea4   ,,mexico4  ,the administration  
of ,gen4 ,arista is still a subject of  
much interest and some curiosity4       
,according to the representations of his
 friends1 he is about to take a firm    
stand in the accomplishment of his      
leading measures2 while1 on the other   
hand1 he is charged with weakness and   
subjection to the influence of          
irresponsible favorites4 ,our latest    
accounts from the ,mexican capital      
predict that the ,government will soon  
be in a state of great embarrassment4   
,the ,american indemnity money was      
nearly spent1 and there was already a   
deficiency of near #b1jjj1jjj in the    

,treasury4 ,in consequence of the many  
robberies recently committed in and     
around the city of ,mexico and on the   
road to ,vera ,cruz1 the most stringent 
measures have been adopted for the      
preservation of order4 ,congress is     
still in session1 but has made no       
modification in the ,tariff bill1 as was
 anticipated4 ,it is feared that the    
,tehuantepec ,railroad ,treaty will be  
rejected1 notwithstanding that ,arista  
is known to be strongly in its favor4   
,the exclusive privilege of a railroad  
from ,vera ,cruz to ,medellin1 has been 
granted for one hundred years to ,don   
,jos ,maria ,estera4  ,the revolutionary
 difficulties in the ,state of ,oaxaca1 
have not yet been settled4 ,a treaty was
 made not long since1 between ,muoz1 the
 ,governor of the ,state1 and the rebel1
 ,melendez1 which gave great offence to 
the people4 ,in order to reinstate      
himself in their favor1 ,muoz pretended 
that the treaty had been violated on the
 part of ,melendez1 marched against him1

 and drove him and his followers into   
the mountains of ,chimalapa1 where he   
has since remained concealed4 ,the      
,tehuantepec ,surveying ,expedition is  
now encamped at ,la ,ventosa1 a port on 
the ,pacific4 ,the route of the         
,railroad across the mountains has not  
yet been decided upon1 the survey being 
a matter of difficulty on account of the
 dense forests with which the country is
 covered4  ,in ,,yucatan1 the war       
between the ,spanish and ,indian races  
is raging with great ferocity4 ,the     
,indians1 who are supplied with arms and
 ammunition by the ,english at ,belize1 
have advanced to within thirty miles of 
,merida1 where a line of defence has    
been established by the ,spaniards4     
,fourteen thousand soldiers are there   
opposed to more than twenty thousand    
,indians1 and the subjugation of the    
latter1 without help from abroad1 is    
impossible4 ,the troops of ,yucatan are 
destitute of clothing and supplies1 and 
as most of the wealthy citizens of the  

,state have been reduced to beggary by  
these reverses1 the threatened          
extermination of the ,spanish race seems
 near at hand4 ,a conspiracy to burn the
 city of ,merida1 formed by some of the 
soldiers1 in conjunction with the       
convicts in the city prison1 was        
discovered but a short time before it   
was to have been carried into effect4   
,the conspirators were condemned to     
death4   ,,central ,,america4  ,the     
hostilities between ,guatemala on the   
one hand and the ,states of ,honduras   
and ,san ,salvador on the other1 have   
been temporarily suspended1 since the   
defeat of the latter ,states4 ,the      
armies met at a little village called   
,la ,arada4 ,the battle lasted four     
hours1 when the allied army1 commanded  
by ,vasconcelos1 ,president of ,san     
,salvador1 was completely routed1 with a
 loss of #ejj men4 ,his arrival at the  
capital was the occasion of a riot among
 the lower classes1 and he did not      
immediately resume his executive        

functions4 ,carrera in the mean time    
advanced to ,santa ,anna1 thirty miles  
from the frontier1 where he made        
propositions for peace4 ,the provisional
 ,president of ,san ,salvador replied   
that no negotiations could take place   
until the troops were withdrawn from the
 territory4 ,this was done1 but at the  
last accounts no treaty had been made4  
,the ,president of the ,national ,diet  
of ,central ,america has issued a       
proclamation demanding the cessation of 
hostilities4 ,the blockade of the port  
of ,amapala1 in ,honduras1 has been     
abandoned by the ,british fleet4 ,three 
iron steamers1 intended for the         
navigation of the ,san ,juan ,river and 
,lake ,nicaragua1 are now building in   
,wilmington1 ,delaware1 and will be     
placed upon the route on the #ast of    
,july1 at which time the line will be   
complete1 and steamships will leave     
,new-,york and ,san ,francisco direct   
for ,central ,america4 ,the journey from
 sea to sea will be made in about       

twenty-four hours4   ,,the ,,west       
,,indies4  ,the ,island of ,,cuba is at 
present in an excited state on account  
of rumors that another piratical        
expedition was being fitted out in the  
,united ,states1 the vessels of which   
were to rendezvous at ,apalachicola     
,bay4 ,this was at first looked upon as 
entirely groundless1 but letters from   
,georgia and ,alabama have since        
partially confirmed the statement4      
,there is an active force of #be1jjj men
 on the island1 and any attempt at      
invasion will be unsuccessful4 ,the     
,captain-,general1 ,concha1 continues   
his course of reform1 abolishing all    
useless restrictions1 and establishing  
needful regulations1 so far as his power
 extends4 ,the ,venezuelan ,consul at   
,havana has been discharged from his    
functions1 and ordered to leave the     
island in eight days1 in consequence of 
having furnished money to ,gen4 ,lopez1 
with whom he is connected by marriage4  
,mr4 ,clay1 during his stay on the      

island1 was honored with every          
expression of respect4  ,in ,,hayti1 the
 efforts of the ,american1 ,english1 and
 ,french ,consuls have thus far         
succeeded in preventing a war between   
the ,haytiens and the ,dominicans4 ,a   
commission of four persons has been     
appointed to confer with the ,consuls in
 regard to this subject4 ,several of the
 ,dominican chiefs have arrived at      
,port-au-,prince1 where they were very  
kindly received1 and it was believed    
that peace will be speedily established4
 ,a political conspiracy has been       
detected at ,port-au-,prince4 ,among the
 persons concerned in it was the late   
,chief ,justice1 ,m4 ,francisque1 and   
one of the three ministers of           
,soulouque4 ,a large number of arrests  
were made1 and the prisoners tried by   
court-martial4 ,eight of them1 including
 the ,chief ,justice1 were condemned and
 publicly shot4  ,the cholera has not   
yet wholly disappeared from ,,jamaica4  
,the budget for the island estimates the

 liabilities at #bdh1cjj1 and the income
 at #bae1hej1 leaving a deficiency in   
the revenue of #cb1dej4   ,,south       
,,america4  ,there are now about #ijj   
persons employed on the ,panama         
,railroad1 and the track to ,gatun1 a   
distance of twenty-six miles1 will be   
ready for the locomotive by the #ast of 
,july next4 ,there was much excitement  
on the ,isthmus towards the close of    
,march1 caused by a report that the     
specie train1 carrying #a1jjj1jjj in    
silver for the ,british steamer1 had    
been attacked by robbers4 ,it happened1 
however1 that only a single mule-load   
was taken1 which was afterwards         
abandoned by the robbers and recovered4 
,three of the boatmen arrested for the  
murder of passengers on the ,chagres    
,river have been found guilty and       
sentenced to be shot4 ,a large fire     
broke out on the island of ,taboga1 in  
the bay of ,panama1 destroying fifty    
huts1 and property to the amount of     
#ej1jjj4 ,several parties have returned 

to ,panama from the gold region of      
,choco1 in ,new ,grenada4 ,they found   
the rivers of the region abounding in   
rich gold-washings1 but were forced to  
abandon the enterprise from want of     
supplies4  ,in ,,chili1 the #abth of    
,february1 the anniversary of ,chilian  
independence1 was celebrated with       
imposing ceremonies4 ,the municipality  
of ,valparaiso are making exertions to  
establish a general system of primary   
instruction for the children of the     
city4 ,the survey of the railroad to    
,santiago has been carried about fifty  
miles1 to which distance a favorable    
line has been obtained4 ,the island of  
,chile1 in the southern part of the     
,republic1 was suffering from a         
protracted drought4 ,the election for   
,president was to take place in the     
month of ,march4  ,in ,,buenos ,,ayres1 
the opening of the ,legislature and the 
,annual ,message of the ,president have 
been postponed by mutual agreement4 ,the
 financial affairs of the republic are  

in an exceedingly prosperous condition1 
the available resources on hand for the 
present year amounting to more than     
#cf1jjj1jjj4 ,by order of the           
government1 the civil and military      
officers were directed to wear the      
customary mourning on the #bdth of      
,january1 as a token of grief for the   
death and respect for the memory of the 
illustrious ,general ,zachary ,taylor1  
late ,president of the ,united ,states  
of ,america4  ,a terrible accident      
occurred in the harbor of ,rio ,janeiro 
on the #hth of ,february4 ,the ,french  
schooner ,eliza1 while at anchor near   
the fort1 with a large quantity of      
gunpowder on board1 blew up with a      
tremendous explosion1 and soon after    
sank4 ,she had #bdj passengers1 only a  
few of whom were on board at the time4  
,ten were killed and twenty wounded4    
,,asia4  ,in ,,british ,,india1 a       
portion of the ,nizam's territory has   
been made over to the ,east ,india      
,company1 as an equivalent for a debt of

 #fj1jjj due to it4 ,lord ,dalhousie is 
engaged in introducing a system of      
education into the ,punjaub4 ,the ,sikhs
 warmly second him in his endeavors4    
,the ,english authorities are also      
engaged in constructing #cej miles of   
canal in this district4  ,late news from
 ,,china confirms the intelligence of   
the death of ,commissioner ,lin4        
,key-ing1 the former ,commissioner1 has 
been disgraced1 on account of his       
liberal course towards the ,europeans4  
,a system of smuggling1 on a very       
extensive scale1 has been discovered in 
the neighborhood of ,shanghai4 ,it is   
announced that a race of ,jews has been 
discovered by some agents of the ,london
 ,missionary ,society in the interior of
 ,china1 about #cej miles beyond ,pekin4
   ,,africa4  ,a fierce and devastating 
war has broken out at the ,cape of ,good
 ,hope1 between the ,british ,colonists 
and the native tribe of the ,kaffirs4   
,the savages arose in large bands and   
commenced a general attack on all the   

farms along the frontier4 ,the native   
servants of the settlers joined them1   
and they had penetrated into the older  
and more thickly populated districts on 
the coast1 before they received any     
check from the ,government forces4      
,several battles have taken place1 in   
which the ,kaffirs were generally       
routed1 but they are a brave and warlike
 race1 and cannot be subdued without a  
stronger force than has yet been sent   
against them4 ,in the ,beaufort and     
,fort ,cradock districts1 the country   
for the distance of #aej miles was      
abandoned1 the homesteads burnt1 and the
 stock driven off4 ,at the latest dates1
 the ,governor1 ,sir ,harry ,smith1 was 
raising a force of #aj1jjj men4  ,we    
have news from ,,liberia to the #bc;d of
 ,january4 ,at a late trial for a       
capital offence in ,monrovia1 several   
native ,africans sat on the jury4 ,other
 natives hold commissions as policemen  
and other minor functionaries4 ,bassa   
,cove1 on the coast1 had been very      

unhealthy for some months4              
,,polynesia4  ,some difficulty has      
arisen at the ,sandwich ,islands1       
between the commander of the ,french    
frigate ,srieuse and the ,hawaiian      
,government4 ,the ,french commander     
demanded the payment of #be1jjj as a    
commutation for customs alleged to have 
been collected contrary to treaty       
obligations4 ,the ,king refused to      
accede to this claim1 and threw himself 
on the protection of ,great ,britain and
 the ,united ,states4 ,upon this the    
,french commander landed his men at     
,honolulu1 where he has prevented       
several ,hawaiian vessels from          
proceeding to sea4  ,several different  
parties of exploration are now          
endeavoring to penetrate into the       
interior of the ,african continent4 ,mr4
 ,livingston1 at the last accounts1 was 
proceeding northward from ,lake ,ngami4 
,dr4 ,beke1 in ,abyssinia1 and the ,rev4
 ,mr4 ,thompson1 on the ,gaboon ,river1 
have also made some very interesting    

discoveries in ,african geography and   
natural history4     ,record of         
,scientific ,discovery4   ,,new         
,,motors4--,sir ,,john ,,scott ,,lillie1
 ,companion of the ,bath1 of ,paris1 has
 just received an ,english patent for   
improvements in the application of      
motive powers4 ,one of these            
improvements consists in directing      
currents of air1 or other gaseous       
fluids1 through inverted troughs or     
channels1 for the propulsion of boats   
and barges in the conveyance of goods   
and passengers4 ,the troughs are placed 
longitudinally1 one on each side of the 
vessel2 or one may be placed between two
 vessels having one deck4 ,their form   
may be either square or oblong2 and they
 are left open so that the currents of  
air in their passage to1 and escape at  
or near1 the stern of the vessel1 may   
act upon the water1 until they pass off 
into the air4 ,they are supplied by air 
through a shaft1 passing vertically     
through the centre of the deck4 ,another

 of the improvements consists in        
suspending paddle-wheels at or near the 
stern of the vessel1 which are set in   
motion by the action of the currents as 
they pass off into the air1 thereby     
increasing the motive power2 or such    
paddle-wheels may be moved without the  
intervention of the troughs or channels1
 by the motion of currents of air or    
other gaseous fluids1 forced through    
tubes or cylinders4 ,the patent was     
enrolled in the early part of ,march4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,,water ,,gas4--,the ,english patent for
 ,paine's ,light was enrolled on the    
#abth of ,december1 in the name of      
,alfred ,vincent ,newton1 of ,chancery  
,lane1 ,middlesex4 ,the ,london ,patent 
,journal publishes the specifications   
and figures1 remarking that the report  
has been ready for some time1 but was   
not published at the particular request 
of the assignee of the patent in        
,england4 ,it states that the invention 
is for decomposing water by means of    

electricity1 and producing therefrom a  
gas1 which1 after being made to pass    
through spirits of turpentine or other  
hydro-carbonous fluids1 will1 when      
ignited1 burn with great brilliancy4    
,the invention is known by the name of  
,paine's ,light--this being1 in fact1   
,mr4 ,paine's specification1 in which he
 states1 that although water has been   
spoken of as decomposed by the electric 
currents1 he wishes it to be understood 
that this is merely to accord with the  
generally received chemical doctrines   
and phraseology1 and that water1 after  
all1 may be a simple element2 however   
that may be1 the patentee wishes1 at    
present1 to lay it down as certain that 
by discharging electricity through      
water1 large quantities of gases are    
evolved2 and that one of such gases1 at 
least1 when passed through turpentine1  
in the manner described1 will burn and  
give a highly illuminating light4 ,mr4  
,paine's affairs in ,england being thus 
adjusted1 it is possible that more will 

be heard of it on this side4 ,the       
benefits of the invention are hid under 
a bushel4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,,improvements ,,in ,,the  
,,steam-,,engine4--,an ,english patent  
has been granted to ,mr4 ,,george       
,,smith1 of ,manchester1 engineer1 for  
four improvements upon the steam-engine4
 ,the first is an improved arrangement  
of apparatus by which cold water is made
 to enter the exhaust passages of steam 
cylinders1 as near the valves as        
possible2 by condensing a portion of the
 exhausted steam it becomes hot and then
 passes off1 while the uncondensed steam
 passes either into the condenser or the
 atmosphere4 ,this improvement is       
applicable to marine1 stationary1 and   
locomotive engines4 ,the second         
improvement consists in an improved     
apparatus applied to low-pressure       
boilers1 by which the water in the      
boiler is maintained at a regular       
height1 and by which the danger of      
explosions from deficiency of water is  

removed4 ,the third1 consists of hot and
 cold water pumps1 and is also          
applicable to air-pumps and             
lifting-pumps4 ,the fourth is in the    
construction of metallic packing of     
pistons for steam cylinders1 air-pumps1 
and other similar pistons1 by which     
greater strength and elasticity are     
obtained4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,,new ,,applications ,,of  
,,zinc ,,and ,,its ,,oxides4--,mr4      
,,william ,,edward ,,norton has obtained
 a patent in ,england for improvements  
in obtaining1 preparing and applying    
zinc and other volatile metals1 and     
their oxides1 and in the application of 
zinc1 to the preparation of certain     
metals1 and alloys of metals4 ,the      
improvements are six in number2         
consisting of an improved furnace for   
the preparation of zinc and its white   
oxide1 with new forms of front and rear 
walls--a mode of dispensing with the    
common retorts for the reduction of the 
ores of zinc into oxides1 and replacing 

them by one large retort1 in which the  
ore is more advantageously treated--the 
application of zinc to the alloy of iron
 and steel1 which are thereby rendered  
more malleable and less liable to       
oxidation--a saving of the products of  
distillation and oxidation of zinc and  
other volatile metals1 by means of a    
cotton1 woollen1 flaxen1 or other       
similar fabric1 in connection with a    
suitable exhausting apparatus1--the     
application of zinc to the formation of 
pigments1--and1 lastly1 the application 
of the ore called ,franklinite to the   
reduction of iron from its ores1 and its
 subsequent purification1 and in saving 
the volatile products by means of a     
suitable condensing or receiving        
apparatus4 ,franklinite1 which has      
hitherto only been found in any quantity
 near the ,franklin forge1 ,sussex      
county1 in the ,state of ,new ,jersey1  
consists of the following substances1   
according to ,berthier and ,thomson3    
,peroxide of iron1 #ff2 oxide of zinc1  

#ag2 sesqui-oxide of manganese1 #af2    
total1 #ii4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,a new adaptation of
 ,lithography to the process of printing
 in oil has lately been invented by ,m4 
,kronheim of ,paternoster-row1 ,london4 
,hitherto no strictly mechanical means  
have existed for successfully producing 
copies of paintings1 combining the      
colors and brilliant effects as well as 
the outlines and shadings of the        
original4 ,the ingenious invention of   
,mr4 ,kronheim1 while it enables him to 
supply copies of the great masters      
wonderfully accurate in every respect1  
reduces the cost of such copies to      
one-half the price of steel-engravings1 
and is a far more expeditious process4  
,the invention has reduced to a         
certainty the practice of a new process 
by which the appreciation of art may be 
more widely extended1 and the works of  
great artists popularized4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,,the    
,,annual ,,of ,,scientific ,,discovery1 

7published in ,boston by ,gould and     
,lincoln71 is an excellent abstract of  
all the chief movements and discoveries 
in the scientific world for the year    
#ahej4 ,we advise all our readers       
interested in any of the sciences to    
procure it1 and its companion volume for
 the previous year4 ,the work will be   
continued1 and it will be invaluable as 
a library of facts and suggestions4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,,oxygen ,,from ,,atmospheric           
,,air4--,m4 ,,boussingault has recently 
obtained some interesting results from  
his investigations in relation to       
oxygen4 ,the problem upon which he has  
been engaged was the extraction of      
oxygen gas1 in a state of purity and in 
a considerable quantity1 from the azote 
in the atmosphere4 ,for this purpose1 a 
preference was given to baryte1 owing to
 its property of remaining in oxygen of 
a moderate temperature1 and abandoning  
it under the influence of a heat        
sufficiently intense4 ,ten kilogrammes  

of baryte1 completely oxidized1 were    
found able to take and afterward return 
#gcj litres of gas4 ,this is the number 
indicated by theory2 for celerity of    
operation1 more than #fjj litres can be 
counted on4 ,in that limit1 and in      
operating on #ajj kilos4 of matter1     
#f1jjj litres of oxygen gas might be    
disengaged at each disoxidization2 four 
or five operations might be performed in
 #bd hours1 which would thus furnish    
from #bd1jjj to #cj1jjj litres of gas4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,the discovery of the virtues of a      
,whitened ,camera for ,photography1     
announced in our last issue1 has excited
 a remarkable sensation in ,england4    
,mr4 ,kilburn1 photographer to the      
,queen1 who has experimented upon the   
new plan with great success1 is sparring
 with ,m4 ,claudet4 ,the point in       
dispute is the tendency of the improved 
method to weaken the image4 ,if the     
statements of those who claim to have   
succeeded are reliable1 it is evident   

that the ordinary form of camera may be 
abandoned1 and any image be received    
directly from the lens upon plates or   
paper exposed to a diffused light4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,m4 ,,laborde states1 in a paper on     
,photography read before the ,paris     
,society for the ,encouragement of      
,arts1 that the nitrate of zinc may be  
substituted for acetic acid in the      
preparation of photographs on paper2    
that it increases the sensitiveness of  
the silver coating1 and even allows an  
alkaline reaction to the iodide of      
potassium bath4         99       99     
99       99       99  ,a paper was      
lately read by ,professor ,,abich1      
before the ,geographical ,society of    
,london1 on the ,climate of the ,country
 between the ,black and ,caspian ,seas4 
,professor ,abich noticed the outlines  
of the extraordinary variety of climate 
in the lands between these bodies of    
water1 and sketched the geological and  
orological structure of the country1    

which he has minutely examined for      
several years by order of the ,russian  
,government4 ,the whole tract is divided
 by three different lines of            
elevation--viz4 that of ,s4 ,e4 to ,n4  
,w4--that of ,w4 to ,e41 and that of ,s4
 ,w4 to ,n4 ,e4 ,the isothermal line of 
#eg and #ei1 after traversing the       
country between the ,black and the      
,caspian ,seas1 inflects abruptly toward
 the ,south again1 reaching the         
,caspian4 ,the mean temperature along   
the shores of the two seas is for the   
year about equal2 but the difference of 
the temperature of the seasons is very  
great4 ,lenkoran1 in the same latitude  
as ,palermo and ,smyrna1 with an annual 
temperature of #fa and #fc1 has the     
summer of ,montpellier #gf1 and the     
winter of ,maestricht and ,turin1 #ce4  
,in ,calchis1 there is the winter of the
 ,british ,isles1 #da and #db1 and the  
summer of ,constantinople1 #gb and #gc4 
,tiflis1 with the winter of ,padua1 #cg1
 has the summer of ,madrid and ,naples1 

#gd4 ,the extremes of ,asiatic climate  
are found on the volcanic highlands of  
,armenia4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,the ,academy of ,sciences 
at ,paris has recently heard a report on
 certain explorations made in #ahdg-h-i 
by ,m4 ,rochet d',hericourt1 a traveller
 in north-eastern ,africa4 ,this        
traveller has1 by repeated observations1
 determined the latitude of ,mt4 ,sinai 
to be #bh #cc' #af1 of ,suez #bi #eg'   
#eh1 of ,devratabor #aa #ea' #ab1 and of
 ,gondar #ab #cf' #a4 ,mt4 ,sinai is    
#aigh metres 7about #fejj feet7 high4   
,mt4 ,dieu #bagd metres 7#gbjj feet71   
and the highest of the ,horch ,mountains
 #bdgg metres 7#hajj feet74 ,the ,lake  
of ,frana1 south of ,gondar1 is #agej   
metres 7#egjj feet7 below the level of  
the sea1 and its depth in one place is  
#aig metres 7#fde feet74 ,rar-,bonahite1
 the highest peak in ,abyssinia1 is     
#dccj metres 7#ad1bjj feet7 high1 but   
not high enough to have snow4 ,the      
traveller describes a great variety of  

hot-springs1 some of which contained    
living fish an inch long4 ,the geology  
of ,abyssinia he has thoroughly         
investigated4 ,in the north1 the        
principal rocks are granite and syenite4
 ,among the plants he describes is a    
magnificent lobelia1 almost large enough
 to be called a tree1 which is found to 
the very summits of the mountains1 and  
to a height which would not be supposed 
to admit of such a growth4 ,he also     
finds the plant whose root has been     
found to be a specific against          
hydrophobia4 ,of this he brought back   
seeds1 which have been planted in the   
,jardin des ,plantes with success4 ,a   
peculiar breed of sheep ,m4 ,rochet     
d',hericourt thought worthy of being    
transferred to ,france1 but of the pair 
he sent the female died on the route4   
,this sheep has a very long and silky   
fleece4 ,on the shores of ,lake ,frana  
he also found a very large sort of      
spiders1 whose cocoons1 he said1 were   
converted into excellent silk4 ,he      

thinks these spiders might be brought to
 ,europe1 and employed in producing     
silk1 but in this he probably does not  
enough consider the difficulty1 or      
rather the impossibility1 of            
domesticating and feeding these insects4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,enormous fossil eggs were found a  
few weeks since subjects of curious     
discussion in ,paris1 and several       
notices were translated for the         
,new-,york papers4 ,the eggs were       
discovered in ,madagascar4 ,m4 ,isodore 
,geoffrey ,st4 ,hilliare1 in a recent   
report to the ,academie des ,sciences1  
furnished further details2 and three    
eggs and some bones belonging to a      
gigantic bird1 which have been presented
 to the ,museum of ,natural ,history in 
,paris1 would seem to leave no room for 
doubt4 ,fairy tales are daily thrown    
into shade by the authentic records of  
science4 ,this discovery appears to have
 been stumbled on curiously enough4 ,the
 captain of a merchant vessel trading to

 ,madagascar noticed one day a native   
who was using for domestic purposes a   
vase which much resembled an enormous   
egg1 and on questioning him was informed
 that many such were to be found in the 
interior of the island4 ,the largest of 
these eggs would hold two gallons4 ,the 
volume equals that of #ace hen's eggs4  
,some doubts were at first entertained  
as to the nature of the animal to which 
the fossil bones belonged2 but ,m4 ,st  
,hilliare--a competent judge in such    
matters--has pronounced them to be those
 of a bird to which he has given the    
name of ,epiornis4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,the sum of #ajjj 
has been placed by the ,british         
,government at the disposal of the      
,royal ,institution1 for scientific     
purposes4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,in the ,,paris ,,academy  
,,of ,,sciences 7first meeting in       
,march71 ,m4 ,leverrier submitted a     
communication from ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,bond1  
entitled ,observations on the ,comet of 

,faye1 made at the ,observatory of      
,cambridge1 ,massachusetts4 ,every thing
 is prized that comes from that quarter4
 ,m4 ,boussingault1 the scientific      
agriculturist1 read an extract from his 
memoir on the extraction of oxygen gas  
from atmospheric air4 ,his undertaking  
was to extract1 in a state of purity and
 in considerable quantity1 the oxygen   
gas mixed with azote in atmospheric air1
 and he thinks that he has fully        
succeeded1 by a process not attended    
with much difficulty4 ,he details some  
unexpected results from his experiments4
 ,cauchy made profound reports 7from    
committees7 respecting the ,researches  
on ,algebraic ,functions by ,m4         
,puiseux1 and the studies of            
,crystallography by ,m4 ,bravais4       
,papers on the speed of sound in iron1  
and on respiration in plants1 and new   
schemes of atmospheric railroads were   
submitted4 ,attention was given to ,m4  
,burg's new observations concerning the 
advantageous use to be made of metallic 

bands in various nervous disorders in   
which the ordinary therapeutic          
expedients are found ineffectual4 ,m4   
,peligot mentioned a memoir which he was
 soon to put forth as a sequel to the   
,researches on the nature and properties
 of the different ,sugars1 which he     
published in #ahch4 ,he has succeeded in
 extracting1 by means of lime1 the      
crystallizable sugar1 in large quantity1
 contained in molasses4 ,he got         
twenty-five per cent41 by the agency of 
lime1 carbonic acid1 or sulphuric acid4 
,lime is cheap and harmless4 ,other     
circumstances recommend his series of   
experiments4 ,a scientific reporter     
writes mysteriously of the discovery of 
a very simple and easy method of        
extracting sugar from the beet-root2    
with an apparatus which costs very      
little1 any one may make his sugar with 
as much facility as he boils his pot4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,of the ,,expedition ,,to ,,central     
,,africa1 we learn from the ,athenum    

that letters from ,dr4 ,barth and ,dr4  
,overweg have been received in ,london  
by ,chevalier ,bunsen1 by which it      
appears that up to ,october last the    
travellers were still detained in the   
kingdom of ,ar4 ,a previous             
communication gave an account of        
difficulties and dangers which they had 
met with on entering that country2 the  
inhabitants of which had shown          
themselves hostile to them1 so that     
their fate seemed entirely to depend on 
the protection of the ,prince ,en-,nur1 
sultan of the ,kelvs4 ,this hoped-for   
protection they have been fortunate     
enough to secure2 though it appears not 
to have been sufficient to insure their 
safety beyond ,tin-,tellus1 the         
residence of the ,prince1 in consequence
 of which they have been obliged to     
forego the exploration of the country1  
and to remain with the ,prince4 ,they   
have however been enabled1 while thus   
stationary1 to collect a good deal of   
oral information1--especially respecting

 the tract of country to the west and   
southwest of ,ghat3 which1 instead of   
being a monotonous desert1 proves to be 
intersected by many fertile wadys with  
plenty of water4 ,among these novel     
features1 not the least interesting is a
 lake1 between ,ghat and ,tuat1 infested
 with crocodiles4 ,at the date of ,dr4  
,barth's letter 7#b;d of ,october7 the  
travellers were on the point of setting 
out on an excursion to ,aghades1 the    
capital of ,ar2 the new sultan having   
promised them his protection1 and the   
valiant son-in-law of ,en-,nur          
accompanying them on their journey4 ,the
 latitude of ,tin-,tellus has been found
 to be #ah #cd' ,n42 the longitude has  
not been finally determined4 ,the rainy 
season lasts till ,september1 and       
thunder-storms occur daily in the       
afternoon between two and three o'clock1
 accompanied by a west wind1 while at   
other times it blows from the east4 ,it 
seems yet uncertain when the expedition 
will be able to start for lake ,tchad4  

99       99       99       99       99  
,,gen4 ,,radowitz1 the late ,minister of
 ,prussian ,affairs in ,prussia1 and    
undeniably one of the most brilliant    
,germans now living1 recently appeared  
with great success in the character of a
 philologist before the ,academy of     
,useful ,sciences at ,erfurt4 ,a much   
larger audience than usual present1     
drawn thither by the oratorical         
reputation of the ,general1 who was     
announced to deliver an essay on the    
,development of the ,celtic ,race in    
,england1 and especially in ,wales4     
,great was the astonishment1 when1      
instead of the usual thick manuscript1  
the ,general drew forth a single sheet  
containing his notes1 and proceeded to  
speak from it for above an hour4 ,he    
dwelt with pride on the fact that a     
,german 7,dr4 ,meyer1 the private       
secretary of ,prince ,albert7 had cast a
 reconciling light on the long contest  
between ,english and ,erse archologists4
 ,he then said there had been two       

,celtic immigrations1 an eastern and a  
western4 ,the latter was the more       
ancient and important2 its route was    
through ,syria1 ,northern ,africa1 and  
,spain1 to ,england1 where it appeared  
in three phases1 one under ,alv1 whence 
the name of the country ,albion 7ion1 a 
circle1 an isolated thing1 an island72  
another under ,edin1 whence ,edinburgh1 
in old documents ,car ,edin 7,car       
,breton1 ,ker burgh1 as in ,carnaervon1 
,carmarthen1 c472 and the third under   
,pryd1 whence ,britain 7ain--ion74 ,such
 etymologic analyses marked this        
brilliant discourse4 ,fingal he derived 
from fin fair1 and gal a stranger1 and  
proved the affinity between the ,gauls  
and ,gael1 the later word meaning       
vassal1 while ,gaul comes from gal4 ,in 
the second part of his essay he         
demonstrated that the ,celts were the   
inventors of rhyme1 and in the          
discussion which followed maintained    
this position against several           
distinguished philologists who were     

present4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,,mr4 ,,cagniard ,,latour  
has brought to the notice of the ,paris 
,academy of ,sciences a process for     
making artificial coal1 by putting      
different woods in a closed tube1 and   
slowly charring them over burning       
charcoal4 ,the coal varies in character 
according to the age and hygrometric    
state of the woods employed4 ,the wood  
of young trees is converted into a      
glutinous coal2 the old wood1 of dry    
fire1 into a dry coal4 ,but these last1 
if soaked in water before being placed  
in the tube1 give a glutinous coal like 
the young wood1 and sometimes a brown   
rosin1 similar to asphaltum4         99 
99       99       99       99  ,a       
scientific ,congress has been sitting in
 ,paris4 ,several men of high           
reputation1 ,mr4 ,walsh says1 took part 
in its proceedings1 which gave promise  
of unusual interest4 ,charles           
,bonaparte1 ,prince of ,canino1 was     
prominent as an orator4 ,recently1 he   

could rally but two votes in the        
,academy of ,sciences1 as a candidate   
for a vacant seat4 ,the man is not so   
much prized1 we may believe1 as the     
ornithologist4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,m4 ,,eoelmen1 the
 director of the national porcelain     
manufactory of ,sevres1 has succeeded in
 producing crystalized minerals1        
resembling very closely those produced  
by nature--chiefly precious and rare    
stones employed by jewelers4 ,to obtain 
this result1 he has dissolved in boric  
acid1 alum1 zinc1 magnesia1 oxydes of   
iron1 and chrome1 and then subjecting   
the solution to evaporation during three
 days1 has obtained crystals of a       
mineral substance1 equaling in hardness 
and in beauty and clearness of color the
 natural stones4 ,with chrome1 ,m4      
,eoelmen has made most brilliant rubies1
 from two to three millimetres in       
length1 and about as thick as a grain of
 corn4 ,if rubies can be artificially   
made1 secrets which were pursued by the 

alchemists of old cannot be very far    
off4         99       99       99       
99       99  ,at a late meeting of the  
,liverpool ,polytechnic ,society1       
,captain ,,purnell read a paper in      
explanation of his plan for preventing  
vessels being water-logged at sea4      
,cisterns are to be provided on each    
side in the interior of the vessel1     
fitted with valves opening by pressure  
from within4 ,the water would thus be   
kept below a certain level1 and the ship
 be enabled to carry sail4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,,prof4  
,,hassenstein1 of ,gotha1 recently      
illuminated the public square before the
 ,council ,house in that city with his  
new electric sun4 ,the effect was most  
brilliant1 as if a bevy of full moons   
had risen together1 and the applause of 
the beholders1 the newspapers assure us1
 was unbounded4         99       99     
99       99       99  ,,the ,,american  
,,association ,,for ,,the ,,advancement 
,,of ,,science will this year meet at   

,cincinnati1 on the approaching #eth of 
,may4     ,recent ,deaths4   ,,samuel   
,,farmer ,,jarvis1 ,d4,d41 one of the   
most learned men in the ,episcopal      
,church in the ,united ,states1 died at 
,middletown1 ,connecticut1 on the #bfth 
of ,march4 ,dr4 ,jarvis was born in     
,middletown1 where his father 7afterward
 ,bishop ,jarvis7 was then rector of    
,christ's ,church1 on the #bjth of      
,january1 #aghg4 ,his childhood and     
early youth 7we compile from the        
,hartford ,calendar71 were passed at    
,middletown till the ,bishop removed    
with him to ,cheshire1 where1 in the    
,academy established by ,bishop         
,seabury1 he completed his preparation  
for ,college4 ,he entered at ,yale1 in  
#ahjb1 commenced ,bachelor of ,arts in  
#ahje1 and proceeded ,master in #ahjh4  
,on the #ahth of ,march1 #ahaj1 he was  
ordained ,deacon by his father1 in ,new 
,haven2 and on the fifth of ,april1 in  
the year following1 in the same place1  
was admitted ,priest4 ,immediately      

after1 he became ,rector of ,st4        
,michael's and ,st4 ,james' ,churches1  
on the island of ,new-,york4 ,in #ahai1 
he was appointed ,professor of ,biblical
 ,criticism1 in the ,general            
,theological ,seminary1 with the        
understanding that he was to perform    
also1 all the duties of instruction1    
except those relating to ,ecclesiastical
 ,history4 ,for various reasons1 in     
#ahbj he resigned this position1 and    
removing to ,boston1 became the first   
,rector of ,st4 ,paul's ,church in that 
city4 ,in #ahbf1 he sailed with his     
family for ,europe1 in different parts  
of which he remained nine years4 ,here  
he chiefly devoted himself to studies   
connected with ,theology and the        
,history of the ,church4 ,he by no      
means1 however1 omitted the proper      
duties of his office4 ,his longest and  
most continuous service was in ,siena2  
on leaving which place1 the congregation
 presented to him a paten and chalice of
 exquisite workmanship1 as a testimony  

of respect for his character1 and of    
appreciation of his services4  ,during  
his residence abroad1 he was appointed  
,professor of ,oriental ,languages and  
,literature in ,trinity ,college1       
,hartford1 and on returning to the      
,united ,states in #ahce1 he established
 himself at the ,college2 attending not 
only to various duties in connection    
with the ,college ,classes1 but also    
instructing the students in ,theology4  
,those who were there under his         
instruction1 will not soon forget the   
delightful evenings in his study1 when  
the recitation being over1 conversation 
took its place1 and stores of the most  
useful and varied learning were opened  
to them1 with a kindness and            
unreservedness1 which never could have  
been surpassed4 ,in #ahcg1 he became    
,rector of ,christ ,church1 ,middletown1
 and in this position--having with him  
during the last year of its continuance 
only1 an ,assistant ,minister--he       
remained till the spring of #ahdb4 ,he  

then resigned the ,rectorship1 and      
devoted himself to the especial work to 
which the ,church had called him4 ,still
 he evinced the same readiness as ever  
to perform at all times and in all      
places1 the duties of his sacred office2
 and his missionary labors during this  
period1 will ever attest his            
faithfulness to his vows as a priest of 
,god4  ,in #ahdc ,dr4 ,jarvis went to   
,england1 with a view to certain        
arrangements in connection with the     
publication of his ,chronological       
,introduction1 and returned in time for 
the ,general ,convention of #ahdd4 ,from
 this period1 he was steadily engaged in
 the prosecution of the first volume of 
his ,history3 though his attention was  
frequently called off by other demands  
upon his time and knowledge1 among which
 may be particularly mentioned the      
compilation of a ,harmony of the        
,gospels1 the preparation of a work on  
,egypt--neither of which have yet been  
published--and the drawing up a reply to

 ,milner's ,end of ,controversy4 ,at the
 same time1 he was serving the ,church  
as a ,trustee of ,trinity ,college1 and 
of the ,general ,theological ,seminary2 
as the ,secretary of the ,standing      
,committee of the ,diocese of           
,connecticut1 and ,secretary and        
,treasurer of the ,christian ,knowledge 
,society2 and as a member of ,diocesan  
and ,general ,conventions4 ,besides all 
this1 there was a large field of service
 and usefulness--the labor and worth of 
which can only be estimated by one who  
should see the correspondence which it  
entailed--which was opened to him1 by   
the requests continually made from all  
quarters1 for his opinions on matters of
 ,doctrine1 ,discipline1 and ,worship4  
,his life was one of constant labor1 and
 labor and trial wrought their work upon
 him4 ,scarcely had his last work 7the  
first volume of his ,history7 been      
issued from the press1 when aggravated  
disease came upon him2 and after        
lingering for some time1 with           

unmurmuring patience and resignation1 he
 died on the #bfth of ,march1 #ahea1 at 
the age of sixty-four4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,,thomas 
,,burnside1 one of the justices of the  
,supreme ,court of ,pennsylvania1 died  
in ,germantown on the twenty-fifth of   
,march4 ,he was born in the county of   
,tyrone1 ,ireland1 ,july #bhth1 #aghb1  
and came to this country1 with his      
father's family1 in #agib4 ,in          
,november1 #ahjj1 he commenced the study
 of the law1 with ,mr4 ,robert ,porter1 
in ,philadelphia1 and in the early part 
of #ahjd was admitted to the bar1 and   
removed to ,bellefonte4 ,in #ahaa he was
 elected to the state ,senate1 and was  
an active supporter of the              
administration of ,governor ,snyder in  
all its war measures4 ,in #ahae he was  
elected to ,congress1 and served during 
the memorable session of #ahaf4 ,in the 
summer of the same year he was appointed
 by ,governor ,snyder ,president ,judge 
of the ,luzerne district4 ,he resigned  

this post in #ahah1 and resumed the     
practice of his profession at           
,bellefonte4 ,in #ahbc he was again     
elected to the ,state ,senate1 of which 
body he was made speaker4 ,in #ahbf he  
was appointed ,president ,judge of the  
,seventh ,judicial ,district1 which     
office he held until #ahda4 ,he was then
 appointed ,president ,judge of the     
,fourth ,judicial ,district1 comprising 
the counties of ,bucks and ,montgomery4 
,on the first of ,january1 #ahde1 he was
 commissioned one of the ,judges of the 
,supreme ,court of ,pennsylvania1 an    
office which he filled at the time of   
his death4 ,judge ,burnside was a man of
 fine social qualities1 and few persons 
have had more friends4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,,isaac  
,,hill1 ,governor of ,new ,hampshire1   
,united ,states senator1 c41 was born at
 ,cambridge1 the part now called        
,somerville1 ,mass41 ,april #fth1 #aghh4
 ,he was a descendant of ,abraham ,hill 
of ,charlestown1 who was admitted       

freeman #afdj1 and died at ,malden1     
,february #ac1 #afgj1 leaving two sons1 
,isaac and ,abraham4 ,from the latter of
 these1 and fifth in descent1 was       
,isaac1 the father of ,governor ,hill4  
,his mother was ,hannah ,russell1 a     
descendant of the ,cambridge family of  
that name1 ever distinguished in the    
annals of ,massachusetts4,m ,his        
ancestors were stanch patriots1 on both 
sides1 and served with credit in the old
 ,french and ,indian wars1 and his      
immediate predecessors were among the   
earliest and the most efficient of the  
,sons of ,liberty1 well known for their 
undaunted spirit in encouraging         
resistance to the arbitrary and         
oppressive acts which occasioned the    
,revolution4  ,the circumstances in     
which the war and other calamities had  
placed his family were extremely        
unfavorable to the enjoyment of any     
educational privileges1 and he was      
debarred from most opportunities of     
acquiring even the rudiments of that    

culture now common and free to all4 ,but
 he struggled manfully with these       
difficulties1 the sharp discipline of   
,necessity giving to him an early       
training well calculated to impress his 
character with the seal of manliness and
 self-reliance4 ,his intellectual       
constitution was early accustomed to the
 keen atmosphere of wholesome severity2 
and it nerved and braced him for the    
warfare of his subsequent career4 ,in   
it1 too1 we may find the origin of his  
peculiar traits as a writer and a       
politician4 ,he wrote in a vigorous but 
not polished style1 and all his         
productions were more forcible than     
elegant4 ,but their very bareness and   
sinewy proportions opened their way to  
the hearts of the people whom he        
addressed4 ,his prejudices were their   
prejudices1 and in the most earnest     
expression of his own strongest feeling 
and passion he found the echo from the  
multitude of the democracy of his       
adopted state4  ,his childhood and early

 youth thus formed1 his next step was in
 the learning his trade1 or acquiring   
his profession3 for if any occupation in
 life combines more elements of         
professional knowledge than another1 it 
is that of a printer-editor4  ,though   
not an indented apprentice1 he served   
his seven years' time with faithfulness1
 and acquired those habits of patient1  
persevering industry which characterized
 his whole subsequent career4 ,the      
printing-office has been the college and
 university to many of the most         
distinguished of our citizens3 and that 
which he founded at ,concord has been   
the ,alma ,mater of a series of         
graduates1 of whom old ,dartmouth might 
justly be proud1 could she enroll them  
among her ,alumni4 ,although the paper  
published by ,mr4 ,cushing1 with whom   
young ,hill learned his profession1 was 
strongly federal1 he retained the strong
 democratic prejudices of his father's  
house1 which he afterwards so zealously 
advocated in more responsible positions4

  ,he went to ,concord1 ,n4 ,h1 on the  
#eth ,april #ahji1 the day before he    
attained his majority4 ,he bought an    
establishment of six months' standing1  
from which had been issued the ,american
 ,patriot1 a democratic paper1 but not  
conducted with any great efficiency1 and
 therefore not considered as yet a      
useful auxiliary in the cause of        
republicanism4 ,on the #ahth of ,april1 
#ahji1 was issued the first number of   
the ,new ,hampshire ,patriot1 a paper   
destined to exert an immense influence  
in that state from that time to the     
present4 ,the press on which it was     
printed was the identical old ,ramage   
press on which had been struck off the  
first numbers of the old ,connecticut   
,courant1 forty-five years before1 that 
is1 in #agfd4 ,the first number of the  
paper is before us4 ,it bears for its   
motto the following sentiment of        
,madison1 ,indulging no passions which  
trespass on the rights of others1 it    
shall be our true glory to cultivate    

peace by observing justice4 ,among the  
selections is a portion of the famous   
speech of ,william ,b4 ,giles1 in the   
,senate1 ,february #acth1 #ahji1 in     
support of the resolution for a repeal  
of the ,embargo1 and substituting       
non-intercourse with the aggressing     
belligerents1 offered by him on the #hth
 of the same month4 ,in the next number 
of the paper the editor expresses the   
opinion that the man1 who1 after reading
 this lucid exposition of ,british      
aggressions1 can blame his own          
government--can accuse the              
administration of a want of forbearance1
 and a wish to provoke a war with       
,england without cause1 must be wilfully
 blind or perversely foolish4 ,this     
recalls at once the circumstances of the
 time1 shortly after the beginning of   
,madison's administration1 and during   
the ,embargo4 ,democracy was odious in  
,new ,england1 where the prostration of 
her commercial interests1 the ruin of   
many and serious injury of all her      

citizens1 had rendered the              
administration exceedingly unpopular4   
,the ,patriot1 however1 steadily        
defended the administration and the war 
which followed4 ,probably there will    
always exist a difference of opinion    
with respect to the necessity or        
expediency of the war of #ahab2 but     
public opinion has given its sanction to
 what is now known as the ,second ,war  
of ,independence4 ,since that time its  
advocates have been steadily supported  
by the country1 and among them the      
subject of this sketch1 who always      
referred with peculiar pride to that    
portion of his career--the dark and     
portentous period which preceded the    
war4  ,mr4 ,hill continued to edit the  
,patriot until #ahbi1 a period of twenty
 years2 during which time he was twice  
chosen clerk of the ,state ,senate1 once
 ,representative from the town of       
,concord1 and ,state ,senator four      
times4 ,in #ahbh1 he was the ,democratic
 candidate for ,u4,s4 ,senator1 but was 

not elected4 ,in #ahbi1 he received the 
appointment of ,second ,comptroller of  
the ,treasury ,department from ,general 
,jackson1 and discharged the duties of  
that office until ,april1 #ahcj1 when   
his nomination was rejected by the      
,senate of the ,united ,states4 ,the    
light in which his rejection was        
regarded in ,new ,hampshire1 may be     
inferred from the fact that its result  
was his triumphant election to represent
 that ,state in the body which had      
rejected him4 ,he continued in the      
,senate until #ahcf1 when he was elected
 ,governor of the ,state of ,new        
,hampshire by a very large majority4 ,he
 was twice relected1 in #ahcg and #ahch4
  ,in #ahdj1 he was appointed ,sub      
,treasurer at ,boston1 which he held    
until removed1 in ,march1 #ahda1 by the 
,harrison administration4  ,about this  
time the policy of the radical party in 
,new ,hampshire1 to which ,mr4 ,hill had
 always adhered1 became tainted with an 
ultraism1 which he could not approve4   

,he opposed their hostility to railroad 
and other corporations1 with the same   
vigor which had always characterized his
 career4 ,he was subjected to the       
proscription of the party1 and formally 
read out of the church of the ,new      
,hampshire ,democracy4 ,he established a
 new paper1 ,hill's ,new ,hampshire     
,patriot1 in which he revived his old   
reputation as an editor and political   
writer4 ,the importance of the great    
internal improvements which he          
advocated1 to the prosperity of the     
,state1 brought back the party from     
their wanderings into abstractions1 and 
with this return to the old ways1 came  
also the acknowledgment of the political
 orthodoxy of ,mr4 ,hill4 ,the new paper
 was united with the old ,patriot--and  
one of his sons associated in the       
establishment4  ,during the latter years
 of his life1 he also published and     
edited the ,farmer's ,monthly ,visiter1 
an agricultural paper4 ,it was commenced
 ,january #ae1 #ahci1 and has been      

continued to the present time4 ,it was  
devoted to the farming and producing    
interests1 and its volumes contain much 
valuable matter2 of which ,gov4 ,hill's 
own personal sketches and reminiscences 
form no small portion4  ,during the     
latter years of his life he suffered    
much from the disease which finally     
conquered his vigorous constitution4 ,he
 bore little active part in political   
affairs--but took a lively interest in  
the success of the compromise           
measures--to which he referred in his   
last hours1 as1 in his opinion1 most    
important in their bearing on the safety
 of the ,union4 ,he made great efforts  
to promote their passage1 and probably  
did some service in the cause of the    
,union1 to which he was ardently        
devoted4 ,he recognized the compromises 
of the ,constitution1 with unwavering   
fidelity to its spirit4 ,we regret our  
inability to give in this place some    
extracts from a letter of ,daniel       
,webster1 addressed to one of ,mr4      

,hill's sons1 upon the occasion of his  
death1 which reflects equal honor upon  
the writer and its subject1 in its      
recognition of the services to which we 
have referred4  ,the present occasion   
affords no opportunity to review more   
particularly the events of ,mr4 ,hill's 
political career of public service4 ,it 
is to be hoped that some one may        
hereafter prepare the history of his    
life and times--which involves an       
important part of the political history 
of ,new ,hampshire1 and a corresponding 
connection with that of the whole       
country4  ,we quote the following       
concluding paragraph of the notice in   
the ,new ,hampshire ,patriot of the     
#bgth ,march1 written by the present    
editor1 ,mr4 ,butterfield3  ,we have    
thus hastily and imperfectly noticed the
 prominent events in ,governor ,hill's  
life4 ,few men in this country have     
exerted so great an influence over the  
people of their ,states as he has over  
those of ,new ,hampshire4 ,he possessed 

great native talent1 indomitable energy1
 industry and perseverance4 ,as a       
political editor he had few equals1 and 
his reputation in that field extended   
throughout the country4 ,as a son1 a    
husband1 a brother1 and a father1 he has
 left a reputation honorable to himself1
 and which will cause his memory to be  
cherished4 ,although afflicted for many 
years with a painful disease1 exerting  
at times an unfavorable influence upon  
his equanimity1 yet we believe the sober
 second thought of those who reflect    
upon his past history and services and  
trials1 will accord with what we have   
said of his estimable private character1
 and his naturally kind and amiable     
disposition4 ,and now that his spirit   
has gone to another1 and1 we trust1 a   
better world1 the unkindness engendered 
by political and personal differences   
will be forgotten1 the faults and errors
 of the dead will be forgiven1 and our  
thoughts will rest only upon his many   
private virtues and eminent public      

services4  ,the last illness of ,mr4    
,hill was of about five weeks duration4 
,he died of catarrhal consumption1 in   
the city of ,washington1 ,saturday1 the 
#bb;d of ,march1 #ahea1 at four o'clock1
 ,p4 ,m4 ,his remains were removed to   
,concord1 ,new ,hampshire1 where his    
funeral took place on the #bgth of      
,march4  ,we have made free use in the  
preceding notice of ,c4 ,p4 ,bradley's  
sketch 7#ahce71 and various articles in 
newspapers of the day4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,,david  
,,daggett1 ,,ll4 ,d41 son of ,thomas    
,daggett1 of ,attleborough1             
,massachusetts1 was born in that town on
 the last day of the year #agfd4 ,he    
entered ,yale ,college at fourteen1 and 
graduated there with distinction in     
#aghc4 ,pursuing his legal studies in   
,new ,haven1 while he held the          
rectorship of the ,hopkins ,grammar     
,school1 he was admitted to the bar in  
#aghe4 ,for sixty-five years his life   
was identified with the history and     

prosperity of ,new ,haven and of        
,connecticut4 ,besides the municipal    
offices which he held1 including that of
 ,mayor of ,new ,haven1 he was long a   
,professor of ,yale ,college1 in the    
,law ,school of which he was especially 
eminent4 ,his last public station was   
that of ,chief ,justice of the ,state1  
from the duties of which he retired at  
the age of seventy1 through the jealous 
wisdom of the constitution of           
,connecticut4 ,his connection with the  
law school1 however1 continued till     
within a very few years1 when his health
 became gradually impaired through the  
advance of age1 though for the last year
 he enjoyed an unusual exemption from   
his infirmities4 ,about the end of      
,march his family became apprehensive of
 a change for the worse1 and on         
,saturday1 ,april #abth1 he died1 at the
 advanced age of eighty-six years4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,,major ,,james ,,rees1 born in         
,philadelphia in #agff1 died at ,geneva1

 ,new-,york1 on the #bdth of ,march4 ,he
 was in his youth a confidential cleric 
to ,robert ,morris1 the financier2      
during the ,whiskey ,insurrection in    
,pennsylvania1 he was a ,deputy         
,quarter-,master ,general under         
,washington1 and he held the same office
 under ,wilkinson and under ,izard1 in  
the war of #ahab4         99       99   
99       99       99  ,,mordecai ,m4    
,,noah1 who for nearly half a century   
had been eminent as a politician and a  
journalist1 and who was one of the most 
distinguished ,jews of the present age1 
died in ,new-,york on the #bnd of       
,march4 ,he was born in ,philadelphia on
 the #aith of ,july1 #aghe1 and at an   
early age was apprenticed to a carver   
and gilder in that city2 but a love of  
literature and affairs induced the      
abandonment of that vocation for the    
more congenial one to which he devoted  
the chief part of his life4 ,his        
editorial career commenced in           
,charleston1 ,s4 ,c41 and some          

interesting passages of his history     
there are given in the first volume of  
,thomas's ,reminiscences4 ,in #ahaa ,mr4
 ,madison appointed him consul at ,riga1
 but he declined the place4 ,in #ahac he
 was appointed by ,mr4 ,monroe consul to
 ,tunis1 with a mission to ,algiers4 ,on
 the voyage his vessel was captured by a
 ,british frigate and taken to          
,plymouth4 ,his diplomatic position     
exempted him from imprisonment1 but he  
was detained several weeks1 and did not 
reach his destination until ,february1  
#ahad4 ,having accomplished the object  
of his mission1 he crossed the          
,pyrenees1 and visited ,paris4 ,after a 
brief residence in that city1 he        
proceeded to ,tunis1 where he remained  
until recalled1 in #ahaf4 ,in #ahai he  
published a book of ,travels1 containing
 the result of his observations in      
,europe and ,northern ,africa1 during a 
three years' residence in those         
countries4 ,he now became one of the    
editors and proprietors of the ,national

 ,advocate1 in which he published the   
,essays on ,domestic ,economy1 signed   
,howard1 which were subsequently printed
 in a volume4 ,the next paper with which
 he was connected was the ,enquirer1    
afterwards ,courier  ,enquirer1 in the  
management of which he was associated   
with ,colonel ,webb4 ,the several papers
 of which he was at various times editor
 or proprietor1 or both1 were the       
,national ,advocate1 ,enquirer1 ,courier
  ,enquirer1 ,evening ,star1 ,sun1      
,morning ,star1 and ,weekly ,messenger4 
,his most successful journal was the    
,evening ,star1 but he was eminently    
popular at all times as an editorial    
writer1 and was very fortunate when he  
had1 as in the ,evening ,star1 or the   
,sunday ,times1 judicious business      
partners4 ,soon after his return from   
,africa occurred his celebrated attempt 
to assemble all the ,jews of the world  
on this continent1 and build a new      
,jerusalem at ,grand ,island1 in the    
,niagara ,river4  ,in #ahba he was      

elected sheriff of the city and county  
of ,new-,york4 ,during his term of      
office the yellow fever broke out1 and  
he opened the doors of the prisons and  
let go all who were confined for        
debt--an act of generous humanity which 
cost him several thousand dollars4 ,he  
was admitted to the bar of this city in 
#ahbc1 and to the bar of the ,supreme   
,court of the ,united ,states in #ahbi4 
,in #ahbi he was also appointed1 by     
,president dent ,jackson1 ,surveyor of  
the ,port of ,new-,york1 which office he
 shortly afterward resigned4 ,in the    
political contest of #ahdj1 he took part
 against ,mr4 ,van ,buren1 whom he had  
long regarded with distrust1 and voted  
for ,general ,harrison4 ,in #ahda he was
 appointed by ,governor ,seward1 ,judge 
of the ,court of ,sessions4 ,he was     
probably the only ,hebrew who occupied a
 judicial station in ,christendom4      
,during the same year he was made       
,supreme ,court ,commissioner4 ,when a  
change in the organization of the ,court

 of ,sessions took place he resigned his
 seat on the bench1 and soon returned to
 his old profession4 ,in #ahdc he became
 one of the editors and proprietors of  
the ,sunday ,times1 with which he was   
connected when he died4  ,major ,noah   
was a very rapid and an industrious     
writer4 ,besides his ,travels in        
,england1 ,france1 ,spain1 and the      
,barbary ,states1 in the ,years #ahac1  
#ahad1 and #ahae1 and the ,howard       
,papers on ,domestic ,economy1 he       
published several orations and addresses
 on political1 religious and antiquarian
 subjects2 edited ,the ,book of ,jasher1
 and wrote numerous successful plays1 of
 which an account may be found in       
,dunlap's ,history of the ,stage4 ,the  
most prominent of them were1 ,she would 
be a ,soldier1 or the ,plains of        
,chippewa2 ,ali ,pacha1 or the ,signet  
,ring2 ,marion1 or the ,hero of ,lake   
,george2 ,nathalie1 or the ,frontier    
,maid2 ,yusef ,caramali1 or the ,siege  
of ,tripoli2 ,the ,castle of ,sorrento1 

,the ,siege of ,daramatta1 ,the ,grecian
 ,captive1 and ,ambition4 ,he for a long
 time contemplated writing ,memoirs of  
his ,times1 and he published in the     
,evening ,star many interesting         
reminiscences intended to form part of  
such work4  ,major ,noah was a man of   
remarkable generosity of character1 and 
in all periods of his life was liberal  
of his means1 to ,christians as well as 
to ,jews3 holding the place of          
,president in the ,hebrew ,benevolent   
,society1 and being frequently selected 
as adviser in other temporary or        
permanent associations for the relief of
 distress4 ,as a politician he was      
perhaps not the most scrupulous in the  
world1 but there was rarely if ever any 
bitterness in his controversies4 ,in    
religion he was sincere and earnest1 and
 the ,hebrews in ,america we believe    
uniformly held his character in respect 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,john ,s4 ,,skinner1 who was for a long
 time editor of the ,turf ,register at  

,baltimore1 and who more recently       
conducted the very able magazine ,the   
,plow1 the ,loom1 and the ,anvil1 died  
from an accident1 in ,baltimore1 on the 
#bhth of ,march1 aged about sixty years4
 ,he had held the appointment of        
,post-,master at ,baltimore for a period
 of twenty years1 though removed from it
 fifteen years ago1 and he was afterward
 ,assistant ,post-,master ,general4     
,intending to hurry out from the        
,baltimore ,post-,office--which he had  
entered for some business with his      
successor--into the street1 he          
inadvertently opened a door leading to  
the basement of the building1 and before
 he could recover himself1 plunged head 
foremost down the flight of steps4 ,his 
skull was fractured1 and he survived in 
a state of insensibility for a few hours
 only4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,,brevet-,,major-,,general 
,,george ,m4 ,,brooke1 of the ,united   
,states ,army1 died at ,san ,antonio1   
,texas1 on the ninth of ,march4 ,general

 ,brooke entered the army1 from         
,virginia1 on the third of ,may1 #ahjh1 
as ,first ,lieutenant in the ,fourth    
,infantry4 ,he had received four brevets
 during his military life1 and at the   
time of his death he was in command of  
the ,eighth ,military ,department1      
7,texas17 and engaged in planning an    
expedition against the ,indians4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,,ferdinand ,,gotthelf ,,hand1          
,professor of ,greek ,literature at the 
,university of ,jena1 died on the #adth 
,march1 at the age of sixty-five4 ,he is
 best known for his work on the sthetik 
der ,foukunst4 ,he had filled his       
professorship since #ahag4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,m4      
,,jacobi died on the nineteenth of      
,february at ,berlin4 ,he was well known
 to the scientific world by his         
electro-chemical researches4         99 
99       99       99       99  ,,hans   
,,christian ,,oersted1 the great ,danish
 naturalist1 died at ,copenhagen on the 

seventeenth of ,march1 aged             
seventy-four4 ,he was the son of an     
apothecary of ,rudkjobing1 in the       
province of ,larzeland4 ,fourteen days  
before his death he gave a scientific   
lecture at the ,university of           
,copenhagen1 where he was ,professor of 
,natural ,science4 ,he was nearly of the
 same age with ,thorwaldsen and         
,oehlenschlager4 ,his last work1 ,der   
,geist in der ,natur1 was not long since
 the subject of remark in these pages4  
,his fame as the discoverer of          
electro-magnetism1 7which discovery he  
made1 after laborious researches1 on the
 fifth of ,june #ahba17 and as a        
profound and genial thinker1 will be    
immortal4  ,at ,rudkjobing he received  
his early education with his brother    
,anders ,sande ,oersted1 a distinguished
 senator of ,denmark1 and for some years
 one of the ministers of state4         
,christian ,oersted was sent to         
,copenhagen to study medicine4 ,after   
completing his course of pharmacy1 he   

directed his powers to the study of     
natural philosophy1 and greatly         
distinguished himself in that science1  
of which he subsequently became         
,university ,professor4 ,his grand      
discovery of electro-magnetism led to   
the subsequent development of the       
electric telegraph4 ,in #ahjg he wrote  
his work reviving the hypothesis of the 
identity of magnetism and electricity1  
in which he arrived at the              
conclusion--that in galvanism the force 
is more latent than in electricity1 and 
still more so in magnetism than in      
galvanism2 it is necessary1 therefore1  
to try whether electricity1 in its      
latent state1 will not affect the       
magnetic needle4 ,no experiment appears1
 however1 to have been made to determine
 the question until #ahbj1 when ,oersted
 placed a magnetic needle within the    
influence of a wire connecting the      
extremities with a voltaic battery4 ,the
 voltaic current was now1 for the first 
time1 observed to produce a deviation of

 the magnetic needle in different       
directions1 and in different degrees1   
according to the relative situation of  
the wire and needle4 ,by subsequent     
experiment ,oersted proved that the wire
 became1 during the time the battery was
 in action1 magnetic1 and that it       
affected a magnetic needle through      
glass1 and every other non-conducting   
body1 but that it had no action on a    
needle similarly suspended1 that was not
 magnetic4 ,to ,professor ,oersted is   
also due the important discovery1 that  
electro-magnetic effects do not depend  
upon the intensity of the electricity1  
but solely on its quantity4 ,by these   
discoveries an entirely new branch of   
science was established1 and all the    
great advances which have been made in  
our knowledge of the laws which regulate
 the magnetic forces in their action    
upon matter1 are to be referred to the  
discovery by ,oersted1 that by an       
electric current magnetism could be     
induced4 ,he promulgated a theory of    

light1 in which he referred luminous    
phenomena to electricity in motion2 it  
has not1 however1 been favorably        
received4  ,one of the most important   
observations first made by him1 and     
since then confirmed by others1 was1    
that a body falling from a height not   
only fell a little to the east of the   
true perpendicular--which is1 no doubt1 
due to the earth's motion--but that it  
fell to the south of that line2 the     
cause of this is at present unexplained4
 ,it is1 no doubt1 connected with some  
great phenomena of gravitation which yet
 remain to be discovered4 ,at the       
meeting of the ,british ,association at 
,southampton1 ,professor ,oersted       
communicated to the ,chemical ,section  
some curious examples of the influence  
of time in determining chemical change1 
as shown in the action of mercury upon  
glass in hermetically sealed vessels4   
,the character of ,professor ,oersted's 
mind was essentially searching and      
minute2 thus he observed results which  

escaped detection in the hands of those 
who took more general and enlarged views
 of natural phenomena4 ,to this was due 
the discovery of electro-magnetism1     
which will for ever connect his name    
with the history of inductive science4  
,as ,director of the ,polytechnic       
,institution of ,copenhagen1 of which he
 was the founder1 and of the ,society   
for the ,diffusion of ,natural          
,sciences1 and as ,perpetual ,secretary 
of the ,royal ,academy of ,sciences     
since #ahae1 his labors were unceasing  
and of great benefit to his country4 ,he
 was for many years attached to the     
,military ,college of ,cadets of        
,copenhagen1 and only resigned when he  
could be succeeded by one of his own    
pupils4 ,his manners and demeanor were  
extremely modest and unobtrusive4 ,the  
,british ,royal ,society awarded him the
 ,copley ,medal for his discovery in    
electro-magnetism1 and the ,academy of  
,sciences of ,paris presented him with  
their ,gold ,medal4 ,both ,societies    

elected him a ,foreign ,member4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,henri ,,delatouche1 who died early in 
,march at ,aulnay1 ,france1 was born    
,february #c;d1 #aghe4 ,his first work  
was ,fragoletta1 a book treating in an  
original way the revolution of ,naples  
in #agii2 it was the fruit of a long    
sojourn in ,italy1 a genuine production 
of genius1 in which the chapters devoted
 to antique art are especially          
remarkable4 ,during the ,hundred ,days  
he was the secretary of ,marshal ,brune1
 and was made sub-prefect of ,toulon4   
,the downfall of ,napoleon deprived him 
of office1 and restored him to          
literature and general politics4 ,during
 the ,restoration he gained great       
applause by his eloquent and successful 
defence of his father1 who was tried    
before a political court1 and but for   
his son would have been one of the      
victims of that bloody period4 ,he was  
prominent in the agitation of public    
questions through that time1 and through

 the ten first years of ,louis          
,philippe4 ,he was intimate with ,b4    
,constant ,chateaubriand1 ,madame       
,recamier1 ,gros1 ,gerard1 ,armand      
,carrel1 ,godfrey ,cavaignac1 ,beranger1
 and ,george ,sand4 ,he was one of the  
editors of the ,national1 and the chief 
writer of the brilliant and effective   
,figaro4 ,his books were ,fragoletta1   
,aymar1 ,france et ,marie1 ,lettres de  
,clement ,,xiv4 et de ,carlo            
,bertinazzi1 ,les ,adieux4 ,though he   
adopted the form of romance1 the purpose
 of his writings was historical and     
didactic4 ,in the latter part of his    
life he made preparations to write a    
,histoire des ,conjurations pour la     
,libert1 but did not accomplish it4 ,he 
was a man of noble character and        
remarkable genius4 ,his conversation was
 brilliant and fascinating4 ,since      
,diderot1 it is said that ,france has   
produced no talker to be compared with  
him4 ,george ,sand frequently compares  
him to ,rousseau4 ,like that            

philosopher1 toward the close of his    
life he manifested a passionate love of 
nature and solitude4 ,he spent his time 
laboring in his garden1 and living in   
the most frugal manner4 ,the aged and   
manly poet was beloved of the           
neighboring peasants1 as well as by the 
friends he had left behind him in the   
great world2 and though he had often    
criticised his contemporaries with      
extreme severity1 sometimes even with   
injustice1 he left no enemies4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,among the persons lately deceased who  
are worthy of mention is ,madame ,,de   
,,sermetzy1 who died at her country     
seat1 near the ,french city of ,lyons1  
at the age of eighty-one years4 ,had    
circumstances favored the development of
 her genius1 she would have acquired a  
name among the sculptors of the time4   
,she left behind her a number of works  
in terra cotta4 ,a ,psyche of life-size 
is said to be full of expression and    
grace2 a ,plato is remarkable for       

anatomical correctness and manly force4 
,both are in the ,academy at ,st4       
,pierre4 ,she also modelled a ,sappho1 a
 ,lesbia1 and some dozen busts4 ,of     
smaller works1 statuettes and groups1   
she has left some two hundred in terra  
cotta1 among them a ,st ,augustine1 said
 to be admirable for expression and     
nobleness4 ,the churches constantly     
received from her gifts of beautiful    
angels and madonnas4 ,a few years before
 her death she modelled a madonna of the
 size of life1 which is one of her best 
works4 ,want of means alone prevented   
her from executing her productions in   
marble4 ,she was also familiar with the 
literature1 not only of her own nation1 
but of the ,latin1 ,spanish1 ,italian1  
and ,english languages1 which she spoke 
with fluency and correctness1 a rare    
accomplishment for a ,french woman4     
,during the ,empire and the ,restoration
 she was intimate with ,madame ,recamier
 and ,madame de ,stal1 and for          
penetration and readiness of mind and   

charm of manners was not unworthy to be 
named with these remarkable women4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,,marshal ,,dode ,,de ,,la ,,bruniere1  
one of the soldiers of ,napoleon1 who   
raised him to the rank of               
,lieutenant-,general1 and employed him  
in many important services1 died at     
,paris on the #bhth ,february1 aged     
seventy-seven4 ,he served in the        
campaign of ,egypt as a lieutenant of   
engineers4 ,after the siege of          
,saragossa he was made a colonel4 ,he   
participated in all the great battles of
 the empire1 and was finally made a peer
 of ,france and a marshal by ,louis     
,philippe1 after having directed the    
construction of the gigantic            
fortifications around ,paris4 ,he was a 
frank1 affable1 and kind-hearted man4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,m4 ,,maillau1 one of the most          
productive of ,paris dramatists1 died in
 that city ,march1 twelfth1 aged        
forty-five4 ,he was born in ,guadaloupe1

 and began life in ,france as a lawyer1 
but soon abandoned that profession to   
write for the stage4 ,he wrote a large  
number of dramas1 some of which were    
very successful4 ,the last one1 called  
,la ,rvolution ,franaise1 has run a     
hundred and fifty nights1 and is still  
performing4 ,he was an excellent fellow1
 and nobody's enemy but his own4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,,dr4 ,,henry ,,de ,,breslau1 senior of 
the ,faculty of ,medicine in the        
,university of ,munich1 died lately4 ,he
 was second medical officer on the staff
 of ,napoleon1 under ,larrey1 and       
followed the ,french army in the        
,russian campaign4 ,he was made prisoner
 on the field of ,waterloo4 ,france1    
,bavaria1 ,saxony1 ,greece1 and         
,portugal1 had recognized his scientific
 eminence by severally enrolling his    
name among their orders of chivalry4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,,commissioner ,,lin1 whose seizure and 
destruction of the opium in #ahci led to

 the war with ,china1 died suddenly on  
the eighteenth of ,november last1 while 
on his way to the insurrectionary       
district of ,quan-si4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,,john   
,,louis ,,yanoski was born at           
,lons-le-,saulnier1 ,france1 ,march #i1 
#ahac1 and died at ,paris early in      
,february last4 ,though not known much  
out of his own country1 few literary men
 have possessed more admirable and      
substantial qualities4 ,he was feeble in
 bodily powers1 but endowed with        
indefatigable ardor in the pursuit of   
intellectual objects1 and a mind at once
 penetrating and judicious4 ,he was     
educated in the ,college of ,versailles4
 ,in #ahcf he became a tutor in history 
at the ,university at ,paris4           
,subsequently he was selected by        
,thierry to assist in the preparation of
 his history of the ,tiers-,etat1 and   
spent four years in working upon it4 ,at
 the same time he labored assiduously in
 other directions4 ,in #ahci he gained  

two prizes from the ,academy of ,moral  
and ,political ,sciences1 one for a     
memoir on the organization of the       
national forces from the twelfth century
 to the reign of ,charles ,,vii2 the    
other for an essay on the abolition of  
slavery in antiquity4 ,in #ahda the     
,academy selected him to prepare1 under 
the direction of ,m4 ,mignet1 a view of 
the progress of the moral and political 
sciences1 a work which was not completed
 when he died4 ,in #ahdj he was made    
professor of history in ,stanislas      
,college2 in #ahdb ,michelet chose him  
for his substitute at the ,college of   
,france1 but in that capacity he gave   
but a single lecture1 being seized while
 speaking with hemorrhage of the lungs1 
from which he did not recover for       
several months4 ,notwithstanding the    
labors required by all these occupations
 he found time to write for ,didot's    
,univers ,pittoresque a history of      
,carthage from the second ,punic war to 
the ,vandal invasion1 a history of the  

,vandal rule and the ,byzantine         
restoration1 another of the ,african    
,church1 and one of the ,church of      
,ancient ,syria4 ,he also furnished many
 important articles to the ,encyclopedic
 ,dictionary1 wrote often for the       
,national newspaper1 and for two years  
was chief editor of the ,nouvelle ,revue
 ,encyclopdique4 ,he was a republican in
 sentiment1 and a character of exceeding
 nobleness and energy4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,,colonel
 ,,count ,d',,hozier1 a distinguished   
,french officer1 who was compromised in 
the affair of ,georges ,cadoudal1 died  
early in ,march1 in ,paris1 aged        
seventy-seven4 ,on the occasion of the  
conspiracy referred to1 he was sentenced
 to death1 but obtained his pardon      
through the interference of the ,empress
 ,josephine1 and as a commutation of his
 punishment was imprisoned until the    
year #ahad in the prison of the ,chateau
 d',if--the scene of the confinement of 
,dumas' hero1 the ,comte de             

,montechristo4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,m4 ,,george      
,,brentano1 the oldest banker at        
,frankfort-on-the-,maine1 died a few    
weeks ago1 aged eighty-eight4 ,he was   
brother of two persons well known in the
 world of letters1 ,m4 ,clement         
,brentano and the ,countess ,bettina    
d',arnim1 the correspondent of ,gothe4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,,frederic ,,xavier ,,fernbach1 the     
inventor of that mode of encaustic      
painting which is called by his name1   
died at ,munich on the #bgth ,february4 
,a history of his experiments and       
inventions was published many years ago4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,m4 ,,jules ,,martien1 author of a  
volume on ,christianity in ,america1    
died in ,paris on the twenty-first of   
,march4  ,,footnotes3  ,m ,farmer's     
,genealogical ,register3 ,articles      
,hill-,russell4     ,,otsego ,,hall1    
,,the ,,residence ,,of ,j4 ,,fenimore   
,,cooper4  ,illustration   ,in the      

delightful home which in the above      
engraving is reflected with equal spirit
 and fidelity1 our great novelist has   
composed the larger portion of those    
admirable tales and histories that      
display his own capacities1 and the     
characteristics and tendencies of our   
people4  ,here also was written the     
beautiful work by ,mr4 ,,cooper',s      
daughter1 entitled ,rural ,hours4 ,could
 any thing tempt to such authorship more
 strongly than a residence thus quiet1  
and surrounded with birds1 and flowers1 
and trees1 and all the picturesque      
varieties of land and water which render
 ,cooperstown a paradise to the lover of
 nature8  ,in the last ,international we
 sketched the career of ,mr4 ,cooper1   
and gave an account of his writings1 and
 an estimate of their value4 ,what we   
add here shall relate to the work which 
entitles his daughter to share his      
eminence4 ,rural ,hours is one of the   
most charming contributions literature  
has ever received from the hand of a    

woman4 ,though in the simple form of a  
diary1 it is scarcely less than         
,thomson's ,seasons a poem2 yet while   
seeming continually to reflect the most 
poetical phases of nature and of rural  
life--so delicate is the appreciation of
 natural beauty1 and so pure and        
unaffected and exquisitely graceful the 
style of composition--it has throughout 
even a ,flemish truth and particularity 
of detail4 ,if we were called upon to   
name a literary performance that is more
 than any other ,american in its whole  
character1 we cannot now think of one   
that would sooner receive this praise4  
,a record of real observations during   
the daily walks of many years in a      
secluded town1 or of the changes which  
the seasons brought with their various  
gifts and forces into domestic          
experience1 it is a series of pictures  
which could no more have been made in   
another country than so many paintings  
on canvas of scenes by ,otsego lake4    
,the leaves are blown over by ,otsego   

airs1 or if the eye grows heavy and the 
pages are unturned it is for slumberous 
spells that attach to delineations of   
the sunshine and silence of ,otsego's   
,august noons4 ,and the views ,miss     
,cooper gives us of the characters and  
occupations of the agricultural         
population in that part of the country1 
who wear curiously interblended the old 
,english and ,dutch habits with here and
 there a sign of the ,french1 and the   
republican freedom which in three       
generations has taken the tone of       
nature1 are as distinctive as the       
descriptions of changes which the maple 
assumes in the autumn1 or of the harvest
 of ,indian corn1 or a deer hunt in the 
snow4 ,upon a careless reading of ,rural
 ,hours we might fancy that ,miss       
,cooper was less familiar than perhaps  
should be for such a task with botany   
and other sciences1 but a closer study  
of the book reveals the most minute and 
comprehensive knowledge1 so interfused  
that it is without technical forms only1

 and never deficient in precision4 ,the 
style is everywhere not only            
delightfully free1 while artistically   
finished1 but it is remarkably pure1 so 
that there is in the literature of this 
country not a specimen of more genuine  
,english4 ,in this respect the work of  
one of the most highly and variously    
educated women of our time1 to whom the 
languages of the politest nations were  
through all her youth familiar in their 
courts1 may be well compared with the   
compositions which literary ladies with 
,phrase ,books make half ,french or half
 ,italian4     ,,george ,w4 ,,dewey4    
,illustration   ,of our younger and     
minor poets no one has more natural     
grace and tenderness than ,,george ,w4  
,,dewey4 ,the son of a painter1 and     
himself the ,secretary of the           
,philadelphia ,art ,union1 it may be    
supposed that he is well instructed in  
the principles upon which effect        
depends2 but while native genius1 as it 
is called1 is of little value without   

art1 no man was ever made a poet by art 
alone1 and it is impossible to read     
,blind ,louise1 ,a ,memory1 or ,a       
,blighted ,may1 without perceiving that 
,mr4 ,dewey's commission has both the   
sign and the countersign1 in due form1  
so that his right to the title of poet  
is in every respect unquestionable4 ,he 
has not written much1 but whatever he   
has given to the public is written well1
 and all his compositions have the signs
 of a genuineness that never fails to   
please4 ,there is no collection of his  
poems1 but from the journals to which he
 contributes we have selected the       
following specimens3   ,a ,,memory4     
,it was a bright ,october day--         
,ah1 well do ,i remember6     ,one rose 
yet bore the bloom of ,may1       ,down 
toward the dark ,december4      ,one    
rose that near the lattice grew1        
,with fragrance floating round it3      
,incarnardined1 it blooms anew       ,in
 dreams of her who found it4      ,pale1
 withered rose1 bereft and shorn        

,of all thy primal glory1     ,all      
leafless now1 thy piercing thorn        
,reveals a sadder story4      ,it was a 
dreary winter day2       ,too well do ,i
 remember6     ,they bore her frozen    
form away1       ,and gave her to       
,december6      ,there were no perfumes 
on the air1       ,no bridal blossoms   
round her1     ,save one pale lily in   
her hair       ,to tell how pure ,death 
found her4      ,the thistle on the     
summer air       ,hath shed its iris    
glory1     ,and thrice the willows      
weeping there       ,have told the      
seasons' story1      ,since she1 who    
bore the blush of ,may1       ,down     
towards the dark ,december     ,pass'd  
like the thorn-tree's bloom away1       
,a pale1 reluctant ember4   ,,blind     
,,louise4      ,she knew that she was   
growing blind--       ,forsaw the dreary
 night     ,that soon would fall1       
without a star1       ,upon her fading  
sight3      ,yet never did she make     
complaint1       ,but pray'd each day   

might bring     ,a beauty to her waning 
eyes--       ,the loveliness of ,spring6
      ,she dreaded that eclipse which   
might       ,perpetually inclose        
,sad memories of a leafless world--     
,a spectral realm of snows4      ,she'd 
rather that the verdure left       ,an  
evergreen to shine     ,within her      
heart1 as summer leaves       ,its      
memory on the pine4      ,she had her   
wish3 for when the sun       ,o'erhung  
his eastern towers1     ,and shed his   
benediction on       ,a world of        
,may-time flowers--      ,we found her  
seated1 as of old1       ,in her        
accustom'd place1     ,a midnight in her
 sightless eyes1       ,and morn upon   
her face6   ,a ,,blighted ,,may4        
,call not this the month of roses--     
,there are none to bud and bloom2       
,morning light1 alas6 discloses         
,but the winter of the tomb4     ,all   
that should have deck'd a bridal        
,rest upon the bier--how idle6          
,dying in their own perfume4      ,every

 bower is now forsaken--       ,there's 
no bird to charm the air6     ,from the 
bough of youth is shaken       ,every   
hope that blossom'd there2     ,and my  
soul doth now inrobe her     ,in the    
leaves of sere ,october       ,under    
branches swaying bare4      ,when the   
midnight falls beside me1       ,like   
the gloom which in me lies1     ,to the 
stars my feelings guide me1             
,seeking there thy sainted eyes2        
,stars whose rays seem ever bringing    
,down the soothing air1 the singing     
,of thy soul in paradise4      ,oh1 that
 ,i might stand and listen       ,to    
that music ending never1     ,while     
those tranquil stars should glisten     
,on my life's o'erfrozen river1         
,standing thus1 for ever seeming        
,lost in what the world calls dreaming1 
,dreaming1 love1 of thee1 forever6      
,,the ,,shady ,,side4      ,i sat and   
gazed upon thee1 ,,rose1       ,across  
the pebbled way1     ,and thought the   
very wealth of mirth       ,was thine   

that winter day2     ,for while ,i saw  
the truant rays       ,within thy window
 glide1     ,remember'd beams reflected 
came       ,upon the shady side4      ,i
 sat and gazed upon thee1 ,,rose1       
,and thought the transient beams        
,were leaving on thy braided brow       
,the trace of golden dreams2     ,those 
dreams1 which like the ferry-barge      
,on youth's beguiling tide1     ,will   
leave us when we reach old age1         
,upon the shady side4      ,ah6 yes1    
methought while thus ,i gazed           
,across the noisy way1     ,the stream  
of life between us flow'd       ,that   
cheerful winter day2     ,and that the  
bark whereon ,i cross'd       ,the      
river's rapid tide1     ,had left me in 
the quietness       ,upon the shady     
side4      ,then somewhat of a sorrow1  
,,rose1       ,came crowding on my      
heart1     ,revealing how that current  
sweeps       ,the fondest ones apart2   
,but while you stood to bless me there1 
,in beauty1 like a bride1     ,i felt my

 own contentedness1       ,though on the
 shady side4      ,the crowd and noise  
divide us1 ,,rose1       ,but there will
 come a day     ,when you1 with light   
and timid feet1       ,must cross the   
busy way2     ,and when you sit1 as ,i  
do now1       ,to happy thoughts allied1
     ,may some bright angel shed her    
light       ,upon the shady side6       
,ladies' ,fashions for the ,early       
,summer4  ,illustration   ,costume for a
 ,young ,girl4--,in the above engraving 
the largest figure has boots of pale    
violet cachmere and morocco2 trowsers of
 worked cambric2 and dress of a pale    
chocolate cachmere1 trimmed with narrow 
silk fringe1 the double robings on each 
side of the front as well as the cape1  
on the half-high corsage1 ornamented    
with a double row of narrow silk fringe1
 this trimming repeated round the lower 
part of the loose sleeve2 the chemisette
 of plaited cambric1 headed with a broad
 frill of embroidery2 full under sleeves
 of cambric1 with a row of embroidery   

round the wrist2 open bonnet of pink    
satin1 a row of white lace encircling   
the interior next the face4 ,the second 
miss has button gaiter boots of         
chocolate cachmere2 trowsers and        
undersleeves of white embroidered       
cambric2 frock of plaided cachmere2     
paletot of purple velvet2 hat of a round
 shape1 of white satin1 the low crown   
adorned with a long white ostrich       
feather4  ,the ,boy's ,dress is made to 
correspond as nearly as may be with that
 of the youngest girl--embroidered      
pantalettes1 and under sleeves trimmed  
with pointed lace4  ,illustration       
,ladies' ,morning ,promenade            
,costume4--,a high dress of black satin1
 the body fitting perfectly tight2 has a
 small jacket cut on the biais1 with row
 of black velvet laid on a little       
distance from the edge2 the sleeves are 
rather large1 and have a broad cuff     
turned back1 which is trimmed to        
correspond with the jacket2 the skirt is
 long and full2 the dress is ornamented 

up the front in its whole length by rich
 fancy silk trimmings1 graduating in    
size from the bottom of the skirt to the
 waist1 and again increasing to the     
throat4 ,capote of plum-colored satin2  
sometimes plain1 sometimes with a bunch 
of hearts-ease1 intermixed with ribbon1 
placed low on the left side1 the same   
flowers1 but somewhat smaller1          
ornamenting the interior4  ,evening     
,dress of white tulle1 worn over a jape 
of rich pink satin2 the waist and point 
of a moderate length2 the sleeves and   
front of the corsage covered with       
fullings of tulle1 clasped at equal     
distances by narrow bands of green      
satin2 the skirt extremely full1 and    
looped up on each side2 the trimming1   
which reaches from the waist on each    
side the point to the bottom of the     
skirt1 composed of loops of green satin 
ribbon edged with gold4 ,magnificent    
ribbons or beautiful flowers accompany  
the light trimmings which ornament the  
lighter evening dresses4 ,a young lady  

is never more beautiful than when       
dressed in one of those robes1 so rich  
in their simplicity1 and distinguished  
by their embroideries1 form1 and        
trimmings4 ,a robe of tarlatane1 trimmed
 with seven flounces1 deeply scalloped  
and worked with straw colored silk1 is  
much in vogue4 ,the same trimming1      
proportionably narrow1 covers the berthe
 and sleeves4 ,when worked with white   
silk1 this dress is still more stylish4 
,white or black lace canezous1 worn with
 low-bodied silk dresses1 are very much 
admired4 ,they are open over the chest1 
and more or less worn with basques or   
straight trimmings round the waist1 with
 half long sleeves1 fastened up on the  
front1 for the arm1 by a ribbon bow4    
,dress ,hats are principally made of    
tulle or gauze lisse--those of the      
latter texture1 made in white1 of folds 
with rows of white gauze ribbon4