,transcrib$ f ! #ahie ,?omas ,br[n pamphlet by ,david ,price1 ccx#jgdpglaf4org ,,ent]$ ,,at ,,/ation]',s ,,hall4 ,,! ,,aural ,,sy/em2 ,,be+ ,,! ,,mo/ ,,direct1 ,,! ,,/raight-,,l9e ,,me?od ,,= ,,! ,,simultane\s ,,f\rfold ,,ma/]y ,,( ,a ,,=eign ,,language ,,tea*+ ,,simultane\sly ,,to ,,speak1 ,,und]/&1 ,,read1 ,,& ,,write1 ,,by ,a ,l+ui/ ( ne>ly #dj ye>s /&+1 & ne>ly #bj ye>s resid5t abroad4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,brad=d3 ,,?os4 ,,br[n1 ,,pr9t]1 #caa1 ,,man*e/] ,,road4 #ahie4 ,respect+ ! "t requir$ to le>n a language1 ! writ] v5tures to recomm5d ! way he himself took :5 a boy to solve ?is "q4 ,hav+ made *oice ( a kn[n gramm>1 ! ex]cises ( :i* promise a satisfactory degree ( pr(ici5cy1 let ! /ud5t affix to ea* & all ( ! lessons at ! outset1 ! dates :5 !y are to be done & obs]ve !m4 ,"s weeks a little p]sev]ance & det]m9ation may be necess>y1 b let him be inflexible ) himself1 curtail 8 indulg5ces if requir$ & 8 task w be done ) ease4 ,subsequ5t /udies are pleasant & easy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s "t ago1 a ,mr4 ,wm4 ,rodg] came d[n f ,glasg[ = ! purpose ( %[+ h[ =eign languages %\ld be taught4 ,he br\ght on a g5tleman1 a cl]gyman f ,le$s1 :o _h gone ?r\gh ,otto's ,g]man ,gramm> )\t be+ able ei!r to speak or und]/& ,g]man2 ?is g5tleman 0 able to be> te/imony to ! m]it ( ,mr4 ,rodg]'s sy/em because by x he _h le>nt to d bo?4 ,( c\rse 8 te/imony re/$ on "o assumption4 ,x assum$ t hav+ gone ?r\gh ,otto's ,gramm> all le>nt f x _h be5 =gott51 & t ! :ole m]it ( 8 success 0 due to ,mr4 ,rodg]'s me?od4 ,mr4 ,rodg] 0 ( op9ion1 t =eign languages %\ld be le>nt z a *ild le>ns its "m tongue4 ,x seem$ to me a /range use to make ( ! reason & intellig5ce ( ! adult1 to ca/ x aside z useless & to ask ! y\? & man to become a *ild aga94 ,x appe>$ to me ! mo/ wa/eful ( me?ods4 ,is language a sci5ce1 & if s1 :at w\ld be ?\ght ( a simil> proposal = acquir+ any o!r sci5ce8 ,b are ! cases p>allel8 ,is !re any simil>ity ( circum/ance8 ,c ! y\? & man aga9 place !mselves 9 ! circum/ances ( ! *ild8 ,! *ild is con/antly he>+ ! language spok51 ev]yone ar\nd x is tea*+ x to speak1 ev]y?+ ar\nd x /imulates x to d s4 ,ne>ly ev]y?+ x le>ns1 comes to x ?r\gh its "m tongue2 at play x he>s1 x speaks4 ,at five ye>s ( age x beg9s to g to s*ool1 & f t "t until its f\rte5? or sixte5? ye>1 :atev] else x /udies1 x mu/ /udy its "m tongue4 ,all o!r k rea*es x ?r\gh ?is m$ium4 ,e o!r /udy compels ! /udy & practice ( its "m tongue & all[+ t5 h\rs p] day = sleep1 by ! "t x is f\rte5 ye>s ( age sev5ty-"o ?\s& six hundr$ h\rs h be5 sp5t 9 su* /udy & practice4 ,let u take ! case ( ! y\? or man :o comm5ces ! /udy ( a =eign language4 ,he has f\nd t a =eign language w be ( use to him or has become necess>y to him 9 8 "w4 ,he beg9s to /udy x & takes ! usual "o lesson p] week ( "o h\r's duration4 ,9 a ye> he has sp5t fifty h\rs ) ! tea*]2 if he devot$ two or ?ree h\rs weekly to ! prep>ation ( ea* lesson1 he w h sp5t #aej to #bjj h\rs p] annum ^u x1 or1 less abs5ces & omissions1 p]haps #adj or #ahj h\rs ^u its /udy4 ,?is makes f\rte5 days ( t5 h\rs or p]haps ?ree weeks z aga9/ f\rte5 ye>s sp5t by ! *ild ^u its "m tongue4 ,multiply ?is am\nt ( f\rte5 days by two or ?ree1 & gramm> is /ill se5 by comp>ison to h accompli%$ a /up5d\s miracle4 ,b ev5 ?is disp>ity is n complete1 = :il/ ! *ild1 :e!r at "w or play1 nev] ceases to /udy & practice its native language1 & ?is is by f> its pr9cipal occupation1 ! y\? & man1 on ! o!r h&1 devote to ! /udy ( a =eign language1 ! remnants1 ! odds & ends ( _! "t1 aft] hav+ exhau/$ _! en]gies 9 _! "w4 ,^! 7 ! consid]ations t occurr$ to me on ?9k+ ov] ,mr4 ,rodg]'s prospectus4 ,nev]!less1 x 0 impossible to reg>d z satisfactory a me?od ( tuition or /udy1 :i* left ! pupil unable to und]/& or speak a language aft] hav+ gone ?r\gh a gramm> l t ( ,otto4 ,! ,grammatical ,me?od be+ "o :i* does n seek to r5d] easy & simple at ! co/ ( effici5cy1 by elud+ & evad+ ! difficulties & peculi>ities ( a language1 b be+ ! "o :i* fairly meets & ma/]s !m3 !re c be no "q ( disp5s+ ) its valuable assi/ance4 ,! wise c\rse is to adopt t me?od ( us+ x1 :i* w enable u to d]ive mo/ b5efit f its tea*+s1 & ensure success4 ,x is = ?is purpose ! foll[+ has be5 writt54 ,x foll[s f ?is1 t if ! pupil's "t admit1 ! mo/ complete ,gramm> is ! be/4 ,we h be5 among/ ! mo/ backw>d 9 ?is bran* ( /udy1 b our gramm>s s9ce !n h be5 l>gely borr[$ f our m successful competitors2 f ^? :o excell$ z mu* 9 mod]n languages z we ourselves 9 indu/ry4 ,!y are 9 _m in/ances ! "w ( =eign speciali/s & exp]ts1 !y are ! v in/rum5ts ( success us$ by our mo/ successful rivals1 h[ !n c !y be inadequate8 ,translation has put u into possession ( ! be/ works us$ by our =eign rivals1 & if we are less successful ?an !y1 x is due1 z a ,swiss correspond5t ( ! ,man*e/] ,gu>dian rec5tly /at$1 n to ! sup]ior aptitude1 b to ! sup]ior application ( ! =eign]4 ,! writ] fir/ comm5c$ /udy+ =eign languages ne>ly =ty ye>s ago1 & has resid$ = ne>ly tw5ty ye>s 9 v>i\s =eign c\ntries4 ,8 exp]i5ce ) reg>d to ^? :o le>n =eign languages has be5 t ^? :o comm5ce ! practice ( a =eign language ) a previ\s k ( its ,gramm>1 le>n to speak x ) an ease1 confid5ce & correctness nev] atta9$ by ^? :o try to disp5se ) su* prep>ation & /udy4 ,on ! o!r h& ^? :o h le>nt to speak )\t su* /udy1 contract vici\s & faulty locutions1 & r>ely if ev] make good ! defici5cy4 ,!y are compell$ ( c\rse to =m a r\gh ,gramm> ( _! own1 ^u incomplete in=mation1 & h to d s ha/ily & imp]fectly4 ,= writ+1 :]e precision & accuracy are requir$ a k n bas$ ^u ,gramm> is next to wor?less4 ,mo/ pupils h a f\rfold object 9 /udy+ a language2 !y wi% to be able to read & write1 to speak & to und]/& x4 ,by :at me?od c\ld ?is be mo/ easily a*iev$8 ,if ?is "w c\ld be p]=m$ simultane\sly1 x w\ld effect a sav+ ( "t & lab\r1 z well z impress :at 0 be+ /udi$ m deeply ^u ! memory4 ,! memory = s\nd1 =m1 music1 figures1 spell+1 etc41 appe>s to be di/9ct & to v>y 9 ea* "o4 ,if ! memory = s\nd c\ld be br\ght m into play1 x mu/ help to reta9 m t5aci\sly :at 0 le>nt4 ,( c\rse1 ! pupil c only expect to be ma/] ( ! language s f> z he has /udi$ & le>nt4 ,he _c expect to reap :]e he has n s[n4 ,)9 ?is limit he le>ns to read1 9 prep>+ ! lesson1 & to write1 9 writ+ out ! ex]cises4 ,b ,mr4 ,*>les ,sau] says 9 ! preface to 8 ,italian ,gramm> #e? ,ed41 page iv41 ,ev]yone :o has occupi$ himself ) /udy ( mod]n languages kn[s1 t by f> ! m difficult task is to und]/& ! =eign language1 7i4e41 :5 spok547 ,t _c be call$ a success :i* leaves ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! task unaccompli%$1 nor c x be wise to all[ difficulties to amass & accumulate1 if !y c be ma/]$ 9 detail z !y pres5t !mselves4 ,! task is ! education ( ! e> & tongue & ?is c only be done by practice4 ,to le>n to und]/& ! language :5 spok51 "o mu/ he> x spok52 to le>n to speak x1 "o mu/ speak x4 ,x may ev5 h its advantages if su* conv]sation keep )9 ! range ( ! pupil's k4 ,he ?us feels t he ought1 mu/1 & c und]/&1 if he try4 ,if ! pupil speak to himself bo? ^! results are atta9$4 ,?is he c d by /udy+ al\d4 ,8 tongue w educate 8 e> & famili>ise x ) ! new s\nds1 :il/ ! e> w correct ! tongue4 ,i assume1 ( c\rse1 t he is "u ! guidance ( a tea*]2 9 ?is case ) att5tion to ! tea*]'s pronunciation & c>e1 & a little ef=t on 8 own "p1 he %\ld soon pron\nce correctly1 easily1 & well4 ,by translat+ ! ex]cises al\d1 f five to tw5ty times1 !y %\ld become z famili> to him z ,engli%4 ,b :e!r translat+ into or f ,engli%1 ! =eign s5t5ces %\ld always be utt]$ al\d cle>ly & di/9ctly4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 a drawback1 t 9 ?is translation al\d & alone ( ! ex]cises1 ! eye %\ld anticipate ! e> 9 convey+ ! words to ! bra91 b1 :5 full all[ance has be5 made = ?is1 ! ga9 = ! pupil is /ill imm5se z comp>$ ) ! sil5t me?od ( /udy4 ,! le>n] %\ld n be satisfi$ ) be+ able to translate ! ex]cises1 he %\ld aim at be+ able to use 8 new tongue ) ! same ease1 read9ess & flu5cy1 z 8 native language4 ,at ea* successive translation1 he ga9s 9 ?is respect :il/ engrav+ 8 newly acquir$ k m deeply on 8 memory4 ,! ex]cise :i* ! fir/ "t requir$ fifte5 m9utes to translate1 ! fif? "t w probably take b ?ree4 ,a *ief difficulty be+ ! education ( ! e>1 & ! "t sp5t ) ! tea*] be+ ! pupil's be/ opportunity = ?is1 ! lesson = ! pupil s f> z possible %\ld be aural1 ! ex]cises be+ spok5 by ! tea*] to ! pupil = translation & ! pupil's translations likewise be+ spok54 ,! pupil's book %\ld be kept clos$ dur+ ! translation4 ,suppos+ ! pupil to be /udy+ ,fr5*4 ,! tea*] %\ld fir/ speak ! ,fr5* ex]cise 9 ,fr5*1 ! pupil translat+ ea* s5t5ce z spok51 into ,engli%4 #b4 ,!n tak+ ! ,engli% ex]cise1 ! tea*] %\ld translate x al\d into ,fr5*1 ! pupil retranslat+ ea* s5t5ce1 :5 spok51 into ,engli%4 #c4 ,! tea*] %\ld !n speak ea* s5t5ce ( ! ,engli% ex]cise 9 ,engli%2 ! pupil translat+ ea* s5t5ce 9 a di/9ct voice into ,fr5*4 #d4 ,! tea*] %\ld !n translate al\d s5t5ce by s5t5ce1 ! ,fr5* ex]cise into ,engli%2 ! pupil retranslat+ ea* s5t5ce into ,fr5*4 ,?is w d\ble ! ex]cises1 :i* are usually r scanty4 ,z we see1 ?is "p ( ! lesson is = ! pupil exclusively aural & oral2 he works ?r\gh ! e> & tongue only1 8 book be+ kept clos$4 ,9 work+ alone at ! prep>ation ( 8 lesson1 !re is ! disadvantage = ! e>1 t1 be=e ! s\nd rea*es x1 ! eye has convey$ ! mean+ to ! bra91 b :5 work+ ) ! tea*] z above1 ?is drawback is obviat$4 ,! te/ is inde$ a m sev]e "o ?an actual conv]sation w\ld be4 ,:5 conv]s+1 ! subject is kn[n1 & ! "q sugge/s ! reply2 b ) disconnect$ s5t5ces1 no su* help is =?com+4 ,! pupil c mu* ha/5 8 own progress by v>y+ ! ex]cises1 =m+ ( !m "q & answ]1 *ang+ t5ses & moods ( v]bs1 v>y+ !m s f> z he c try+ h[ f> he c make conv]sation out ( !m4 ,?is me?od has fur!r ! advantage ( %[+ ! pupil pla9ly1 week by week1 ! progress he is mak+ & ! rem$y be+ 9 8 own h&s1 he becomes responsible = 8 own failure4 ,if he _c translate freely & easily1 :5 ) ! tea*]1 he _c expect lat] to speak freely & naturally1 :5 he comes to engage 9 actual conv]sation ) =eign]s4 ,8 rem$y is to translate 8 ex]cises alone1 until he c d s1 z readily1 z if !y 7 ,engli%4 ,! %yness & diffid5ce t s frequ5tly accompany fir/ attempts to conv]se are n exp]i5c$ "u ?is me?od4 ,"o reason :y pupils 9 conv]sation fail to und]/& readily is because !y d n "k ! v]bs well2 d n "k _! gramm>2 a s5t5ce does n convey to !m at once a def9ite mean+1 & :il/ engag$ 9 puzzl+ out ! mean+ ( :at has already be5 said !y _c give _! undivid$ att5tion to :at _! int]locutor is j say+4 ,i h describ$ ! mann] 9 :i* on ,mr4 ,wm4 ,rodg]'s visit 9 ,m>* #ahia1 ,i 0 l$ to ?is me?od4 ,!oretically x seem$ to me s\nd1 & aft] hav+ s9ce te/$ x practically1 ,i d n ?9k its m]it exagg]at$4 ,9 ,april la/ #ahid1 a ,fr5* ,gramm> by ,mr4 ,paul ,baume 0 br\ght "u my notice4 ,mr4 ,baume recomm5ds a simil> me?od betwe5 tea*] & pupil1 b omits to /ate h[ ! pupil c be/ prep>e himself = x4 ,mr4 ,baume1 w1 ,i ?9k f9d ! difficulties he m5tions to disappe>1 if ! pupil prep>e himself z ,i h prescrib$4 ,i h nev] enc\nt]$ su* difficulties1 & attribute ?is to ! fact1 t ,i always recomm5d pupils to prep>e !mselves by /udy+ al\d4 ,mr4 ,baume says he has practis$ 8 me?od ) consid]able success dur+ tw5ty ye>s4 ,i 0 n v mu* surpris$ at hav+ be5 p>tially anticipat$ by ,mr4 ,baume1 =1 :ile error is inf9ite1 ! tru? is "o2 !re c be only "o /raight l9e betwe5 two po9ts1 & ?is seems to me ! mo/ direct1 ! /raighte/ way to ! simultane\s f\rfold acquirem5t ( a language4 ,) a ,gramm> l t ( ,otto an exp$iti\s mode ( le>n+ words is desirable4 ,p]haps ! quicke/1 is to transcribe ! words to be le>nt1 into p>allel columns & cov]+ up ea* column 9 turn1 to run d[n !m t5 or m times4 ,:il/ do+ ?is ! =eign words %\ld always be pron\nc$ al\d4 ,! transcription impresses ! spell+ on ! memory1 & :]e ! writt5 alphabet diff]s f ! ,engli% af=ds valuable practice4 ,arm9ius ,vamb]y ?\ght x a matt] = congratulation :5 hav+ begun by le>n+ t5 words daily1 he 0 able to rea* sixty4 ,! column ( tw5ty =eign words c be ma/]$ 9 ab\t "o qu>t] ( an h\r1 & ,i h myself done ov] #bjj at ?is rate on "s days1 ?\gh ,i d n say !y c be reta9$ )\t repetition4 ,"l ,duff]9 says t 9 a "w ( ab\t #fjj pages1 !re w probably be ?ree ?\s& words ( :i* ! mean+ w be unkn[n to ! /ud5t4 ,a li/ %\ld be made ( !m1 & !y c be conv5i5tly ma/]$ at ! rate ( =ty daily & ?us all le>nt 9 ?ree mon?s4 ,) ea* successive "w1 ! process %\ld be repeat$1 until x becomes unnecess>y4 ,he adds t ?is has ! advantage t1 if necess>y1 aft] a long int]val1 by pres]v+ su* li/s1 ! words c be rele>nt ) little tr\ble4 ,an able ,swiss au?ority recomm5ds ! pupil to le>n f #aj1jjj to #ab1jjj words ( ea* language1 divid+ !m into ?ree or f\r classes accord+ to _! usefulness or frequ5cy ( occurr5ce4 ,he recomm5ds _! p]iodical repetition4 ,a%]'s ,g]man ,correspond5t & ,boo*-,arkossy 9 ! ,eco de ,madrid recomm5d ! translation ( a good idiomatic "w into ,engli% & its translation into ! language ( ! orig9al1 c>efully comp>+ su* retranslation ) ! orig9al & not+ mi/akes4 ,) ! tea*]1 su* translation may be made by ^w ( m\?1 ! tea*] translat+ into ,engli% & ! pupil retranslat+ ea* s5t5ce :5 utt]$ into ! language ( ! orig9al4 ,ano!r me?od is to read & translate "s idiomatic =eign "w4 ,at ! end ( ! p>agraph1 ! tea*] =ms que/ions f ea* s5t5ce1 to :i* ! pupil replies4 ,s soon z able1 ! pupil1 9 turn1 que/ions4 ,?is is ,i believe sub/antially ! old ,rob]tsonian me?od4 ,! pupil c prep>e 8 lesson by fram+ bo? "q & answ] himself4 ,x is excell5t drill4 ,good practice 9 speak+ is also to be obta9$ by ! pupil's n>rat+ to ! tea*] 9 ! language ( ! orig9al1 ! cont5ts ( ea* p>agraph4 ,he ne$ n ( c\rse attempt to recite by he>t ! words ( ! text1 b m]ely repeat ! s5se4 ,mr4 ,*>d5al recomm5ds ! pupil to translate m5tally an increas+ numb] ( s5t5ces daily & to repeat !m z frequ5tly z possible dur+ ! day4 ,! s5t5ces %\ld illu/rate important rules4 ,8 object is to induce m5tal "w1 p]sonal lab\r on ! "p ( ! pupil4 ,arm9ius ,vamb]y's me?od 0 to ent] into imag9>y conv]sations ) himself4 ,all ^! me?ods d n mean discordance b agreem5t4 ,all me?ods :i* concurr5tly ) ,gramm>1 mean practice or induce x1 are good4 ,?is is ! pi? & secret ( all successful sy/ems3 practice ) me?od (t51 mu*1 & al\d b by all means ma/] ! ,gramm> z quickly & ?or\ghly z possible1 & ?us practice /r5g!ns gramm>1 :ile gramm> guides & illum9es practice4 ,dr4 ,ab]crombie 9 8 "w1 ,intellectual ,p[]s *apt] ,memory1 says ! dep?1 ! p]man5ce ( an impression on ! m9d dep5ds ^u ! di/9ctness ( ! p]ception1 ! int5sity ) :i* x is contemplat$1 ! l5g? ( "t dur+ :i* x is kept be=e ! m9d1 ! impression be+ v mu* /r5g!n$ by be+ repeat$ly br\ght be=e ! m9d4 ,?is lab\r mu/ be a volunt>y act on ! "p ( ! individual4 ,he adds3 ,! habit ( li/less activity %\ld be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/ by ! "y1 & ! utmo/ c>e %\ld be tak5 to cultivate ! opposite1 namely1 ( direct+ ! m9d int5sely to :atev] comes be=e x 9 read+ or obs]vation4 ,?is may be consid]$ z =m+ ! f\ndation ( a s\nd intellectual "*4 ,"l ,macaulay attribut$ 8 m>vell\s memory to a v simple me?od1 adopt$ :5 a boy4 ,:5 read+1 at ! bottom ( ea* page1 he requir$ himself to give an acc\nt ( its cont5ts4 ,at ! outset1 said he1 he ne$$ to rep]use ! page ?ree or f\r times1 b he end$ by be+ able almo/ to recite a book f beg9n+ to end aft] hav+ once read x ?r\gh4 ,?is is also ! ess5tial feature recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,ab]crombie 9 8 ,intellectual ,p[]s *apt] on memory4 ,su* a me?od ( summ>is+ ea* lett]1 ord]1 invoice1 or conv]sation at its close w\ld also give good results to ! ,m]*ant1 ,cl]k1 or ,travell]1 bo? 9 leav+ a cle> impression & 9 /r5g!n+ ! memory4 ,x c]ta9ly seems to me an excell5t way = ma/]+ ! rules1 & w\ld admit ( _! recapitulation ea* "t ! ex]cises are gone ?r\gh4 ,read+ al\d is also an excell5t practice4 ,x improves ! pronunciation & tra9s or keeps ! e> 9 practice4 ,its b5efit is n to be measur$ by :at is reta9$ by ! memory4 ,x conf]s also a b5efit simil> to t :i* is d]iv$ f a c\rse ( ari?metic4 ,grammatical peculi>ities may be not$ at ! end ( ! book1 & ! page add$4 ,z ! limbs are invigorat$ & /r5g!n$ by suitable ex]cise1 s ! p[]s ( ! m9d are /r5g!n$ & develop$ by foll[+ a great m9d at its be/1 foll[+ its tra9 ( ?\ght1 ( reason4 ,mr4 ,john ,cry] 9 8 s*ool bo>d electione]+ address1 #ahid1 ranges promis+ pupils 9 ! ord] ( work]s1 plodd]s & bright ones4 ,! la/ are frequ5tly ov]rat$1 ! memory m quick ?an ret5tive4 ,wie gewonn51 s z]ronn51 ,lightly come1 lightly g1 m]e quickness may prove a w o' ! wisp1 & may be peculi> to "o subject1 b ! capacity = pati5t1 hone/1 pa9/ak+ "w is a va/ly m valuable quality1 :i* c be appli$ ) fair success to any pursuit4 ,x gives e>ne/ ( ! s5se ( duty1 ( responsibility1 & t capacity = self-sacrifice1 :i* peculi>ly fit & qualify _! possessor = positions ( tru/ & responsibility2 x is a pl$ge t ! am\nt ( lab\r w be =?com+ to r5d] equal to ! position4 ,practice makes p]fect says ! prov]b4 ,habit becomes second nature & ! facility & aptitude :i* nature sometimes be/[s z a free gift c be acquir$ at ! co/ ( application & dilig5ce4 ,:il/ ma/]+ ! fir/ language ! pupil is also le>n+ h[ to le>n languages1 ea* successive "o becomes m easy4 ,let ! pupil make x a rule always to d 8 be/4 ,he w naturally take a pride & a pleasure 9 "w well done1 & by cont9ually /riv+ & /udy+ to d bett]1 he _c fail to improve 9 x4 ,?is is ! road to hone/ success1 to happ9ess & to self-improvem5t3 ?is w cont9ually enl>ge 8 capabilities & /r5g!n 8 natural p[]s1 &1 ev5 if he fail 9 accompli%+ all he aim$ at1 !re c be no bett] consolation ?an t ( kn[+ t he has no?+ to reproa* himself ) t he has manfully done 8 be/1 & t he is ! bett] = ! ef=t4 ,9 _! desire to disp>age & discr$it ! already exi/+ sy/em ( le>n+ ,=eign ,languages by means ( a ,gramm>1 ! expon5ts ( ! ,natural ,me?od & ,me?od ( ,nature *oose to ignore ! exi/5ce ( ! l>ge numb] ( ,l+ui/s :o h acquir$ _! k ?r\gh a ,gramm>4 ,mr4 ,,g\9 is ( op9ion t "o c le>n a language p]fectly 9 #ijj h\rs1 or #cjj lessons ( ?ree h\rs ea*1 "o c "k en\gh ,fr5* to feel at home 9 ,france1 to und]/& :at is said 9 /reet1 cafe1 or railway1 to read a ,fr5* newspap] ) ease & to talk ,fr5* ) a ,fr5* acc5t 9 six mon?s lessons ( #b h\rs ea*1 five days p] week--see ,review ( ,reviews #ahib1 page #eab1 & ,janu>y1 #ahic4 ,mo/ tea*]s "u ! ,grammatical ,me?od h to a*ieve success or make ! be/ ( "o lesson ( "o h\r weekly4 ,?is is "o-fifte5?1 or "o-t5? ( ! "t p] week m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,,g\94 ,! sav+ ( "t %[n by ! ,grammatical ,me?od is due to g5]alisation4 ,x di/ributes words into classes1 def9es ! laws or rules t gov]n _! use1 & regulates ! con/ruction ( s5t5ces4 ,s5t5ces are ?us taught 9 gr\ps & n s+ly4 ,! pupil le>ns to con/ruct s5t5ces1 & does n simply le>n by he>t to repeat !m4 ,he c ?us supply himself at w ) an inf9ite numb]4 ,if he fail ?us to apply 8 k1 only 8 own lack ( dilig5ce is 9 fault4 ,! writ] fir/ comm5c$ ! /udy ( languages ne>ly =ty ye>s ago1 & dur+ ?is "t he has sp5t ne>ly tw5ty ye>s abroad1 9 v>i\s =eign c\ntries1 b he nev] met ) a case :]e a pupil _h cont9u\sly1 daily1 e>ne/ly1 & hone/ly devot$ "o-f\r? ( ! "t m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,g\9 to ! /udy ( a good gramm> ( a =eign language :o c\ld reasonably compla9 ( failure1 nor inde$ a %ort] space ( "t appli$ "u ! same conditions :i* did n meet ) a proportionate measure ( success4 ,! titles ( ! new me?ods h be5 adroitly *os51 !y claim to be ^? ( nature & by implication /igmatise ! ,grammatical me?od z unnatural4 ,!y pr(ess t !y tea* a =eign language z a *ild le>ns to speak its "m tongue4 ,a v high classical au?ority c\pl$ ratio et oratio reason & spee* z complem5ts & indubitably spee* c only improve & develop z ! m9d unfolds & matures4 ,^? :o adopt ! new me?od appe> to ?9k ! limitations impos$ by ! immature *ild's m9d wor?y ( imitation :5 deal+ ) ! rip] adult4 ,rule ( ,?umb has ! advantage t be+ born ( & acquir$ by practice x c be appli$ & put into practice1 b x is c]ta9ly r late 9 ! day to rev]t to x 9 ! acquirem5t ( languages4 ,we h _h "s exp]i5ce ( ,rule ( ,?umb 9 ?is t[n4 ,! ,grammatical ,me?ods ( tea*+ languages are ^? ( tea*+ any sci5ce 9 a ?or\gh mann]4 ,!y classify ! v>i\s p>ts ( spee* = ! purpose ( r$uc+ !m to rule1 ^! are /udi$ 9 detail & ! rule def9es ! conditions & limitations "u :i* !y c be us$ 9 con/ruction4 ,?is rule tea*es u h[ we c correctly =m ?\s&s ( s5t5ces on ! model ( "o1 in/ead ( reg>d+ ea* z s _m di/9ct ph5om5a4 ,"o ,gramm>ian1 ,l5nie1 #dg? ,ed41 def9es ,gramm> z ! art ( speak+ & writ+ ! ,engli% ,language ) propriety4 ,i v5ture to say t 9 deal+ ) a =eign language "o _c express "o's self ) accuracy1 nay "o _c be confid5t ( express+ "o's own mean+ at all )\t a grammatical k ( x4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 spee* means practice1 & no am\nt ( !ory c become a sub/itute = ?is4 ,mr4 ,g\9 0 a y\?ful unm>ri$ /ud5t ( ,ca5 ,univ]sity di/+ui%$ by a capaci\s b n v ret5tive memory4 ,he 0 s5t by ! ,pr(essors to att5d lectures at ,b]l9 ,univ]sity & ,hamburg & proce$$ to ma/] ,g]man4 ,he le>nt ! ,g]man ,gramm> 9 t5 days4 ,b be+ unable to und]/& ! lectures he le>ns ! #ajjj ,g]man roots 9 f\r days1 & aga9 tries ! lecture room ) ! same ill-success4 ,he !n decid$ to le>n ! ,g]man ,diction>y by he>t & did s 9 "o mon?1 b on aga9 att5d+ ! lecture room1 he 0 /ill unable to und]/&4 ,he pass$ t5 mon?s 9 simil> ef=ts & /ates t on "o occasion he att5d$ ! lectures = a :ole week1 )\t und]/&+ a s+le s5t5ce4 ,he subsequ5tly /ates1 t 8 previ\s t5 mon?s "w1 s f> f be+ useful to him 9 a new ef=t 0 detrim5tal4 ,he _h a wrong pronunciation1 & !re 0 n a s+le v]b 9 ! :ole language to :i* he did n attribute a mean+ o!r ?an ! true "o4 ,he _h to unle>n1 !n rele>n4 ,aft] t5 mon?s lab\rs he return$ to ,france unsuccessful4 ,"u a tea*]'s guidance1 ) mu* less lab\r1 he w\ld h a*iev$ an unqualifi$ success4 ,by obs]v+ a "y nephew ( f\r ye>s he is l$ to 8 pres5t me?od4 ,he returns to ,g]many1 puts x into practice1 & is spe$ily & em95tly successful4 ,he bani%es ,diction>y1 ,gramm>1 ,roots1 ,oll5dorf & ,rob]tson4 ,mr4 ,g\9 appe>s to h ?\ght t s9ce a language is made up ( grammatical rules & words1 x 0 only necess>y to commit !m to memory to h ma/]$ ! language4 ,8 mi/ake 0 t ( ! p]son :o %\ld suppose t s9ce /r5g? is d]iv$ f food1 ! m food he swall[s ! /rong] he becomes4 ,he exce$$ 8 capacity ( m5tal dige/ion & assimilation4 ,ano!r cause ( ,mr4 ,g\9's failure 0 t ( suppos+ t a k ( ! !ory c>ries ) x ! ability to practice4 ,mr4 ,g\9 /ates t 8 memory 0 9 8 eye n 9 8 e>1 & t a mon?'s int]ruption ( 8 lab\rs proce$+ f disease ( sight br\ght on by ov]work 0 suffici5t to efface f 8 memory ,gramm>1 ,diction>y all previ\sly le>nt4 ,dick5's ,york%ire s*oolma/]1 ,mr4 ,sque]s recognis$ t k acquir$1 ought spe$ily to be put into practice4 ,mr4 ,g\9 w\ld h f\nd 9 ,p>is1 _m "y ,fr5*m5 engag$ 9 comm]cial pursuits :o speak ,italian or ,spani% or ,portuguese1 & ev5 ,engli% or ,g]man1 well1 :o h nev] be5 9 any c\ntry :]e ^! languages are spok54 ,?is 0 ! case s f> back z #ahff4 ,review ( ,reviews1 #ahib1 page #hh4--,pr(essor ,blackie says t aft] five mon?s 9 ,g]many1 he knew ,g]man z well z 8 "m tongue4 ,he att5d$ ,pr(essor's lectures1 took regul> lessons 9 ,g]man4 ,he add$ to ?is ! text-book us$ by ,pr(essor1 daily int]c\rse ) /ud5ts1 & ! con/ant read+ ( easy ,g]man books4 ,by ?is comb9ation ( social int]c\rse1 prim>y tra9+ ( ! e>1 & second>y use ( relative books bo? 9 read+ & writ+1 he spoke ,g]man l ,engli% 9 five mon?s4 ,memory dep5ds ^u =ce ( orig9al impression & frequ5cy ( repetition4 ,he says t at ! ,univ]sity pupils did n le>n to speak ,lat94 ,a new pr(essor came :o spoke x1 made a spee* 9 x1 & call$ ^u ! pupils to reply1 ,blackie 0 ! only "o :o v5tur$ to d s1 & _h le>nt by sp\t+ ,lat9 spee*es ( ,cic]o etc4 9 8 room4 ,he us$ ,italian v[els4 ,dr4 ,hanes says x is impossible to le>n a language by ! translation ( disconnect$ s5t5ces1 ref]r+ to ! usual ex]cises ( ! ,grammatical ,me?ods1 & by le>n+ li/s ( words4 ,! s5t5ces are only disconnect$ 9 t !y d n always =m "q & answ]1 b ?is ! /ud5t c easily & pr(itably rem$y4 ,besides all spee* is n dialogue4 ,see page #g4 ,!y are no m disconnect$ ?an are s _m soldi]s ( a regim5t1 mov+ at ! impulse ( "o m9d1 & m>*+ to ! atta9m5t ( "o object4 ,! connection is t all ! soldi]s act 9 unison 9 execution ( ! comm& ( _! (fic]s4 ,! connection betwe5 ! s-call$ disconnect$ s5t5ces is t !y h be5 select$ to illu/rate & inculcate ! rule "u /udy4 ,?is is ! true connection t unites & h>monises !m all1 t ea* leads ! pupil directly to ! atta9m5t ( 8 object--! ma/]y ( ! rule4 ,! illusory connection ( "s insipid n>rative is only delusive4 ,:at c a me?od be :i*1 f ! beg9n+ excludes ! "m tongue ( ! pupil :5 he kn[s no o!r8 x is necess>ily conf9$ to dumb %[ & practice4 ,x is no m to be comp>$ = ?or\ghness to ! ,grammatical ,me?od ?an w\ld be in/ruction 9 weav+ by a weav]1 ) ! in/ruction ( ,ma/] ( ! ,te*nical ,s*ool 9 con/ruct+ a piece4 ,d\btless a p]son c le>n to weave a piece 9 a ,factory b no "o w comp>e su* an acquirem5t ) ! c\rse ( in/ruction 9 manufactur+1 9 ! con/ruction ( a piece1 imp>t$ at ! ,te*nical ,s*ool1 "u ! guidance1 ( ,mr4 ,a%5hur/'s text books4 ,gramm>1 9 ! /udy ( language is su* a text book1 x imp>ts ord] & me?od to ! /udy4 ,we h suff]$ f ! divorce & ! dissociation ( !ory & practice4 ,until rec5tly our univ]sities1 or seats ( le>n+1 cat]$ only = ! ari/ocracy1 ! l&-own+ class1 & ! cl]gy3 sci5ce 0 neglect$4 ,orig9at+ 9 ! natural advantages ( an abundant supply ( easily-work$ coal & iron1 an ext5sive coa/ l9e1 & a fav\rable geographical situation1 we _h a*iev$ an und5iable pre-em95ce 9 indu/ry & manufactures1 :i* 0 support$ by abundant *eap capital & a _s ( ent]prise2 x 0 back$ by workm5 possess$ ( natural ability1 & su* skill z practice & highly sub-divid$ lab\r c imp>t4 ,all ?is 0 f\nd insuffici5t to enable u to hold our own1 our supremacy 0 pass+ away1 & :5 ! cause ( our inability to ma9ta9 x 0 inve/igat$1 our defici5cy 0 decl>$ to be ! lack ( a sy/ematis$ high] education4 ,public ,_s f\nd$ our ,te*nical ,s*ools to supply ! rem$y & !y h be5 f\nd effective4 ,ow+ to ! neglect ( mod]n languages by our ,univ]sities & a sy/em ( high] education :i* took no cognizance ( indu/rial ne$s we 7 among/ ! mo/ backw>d 9 ?is bran* ( /udy1 b :5 int]e/ 0 ar\s$ our gramm>s 7 l>gely borr[$ f our m successful competitors f ^? :o excell$ z mu* 9 mod]n languages z we ourselves 9 indu/ry4 ,!y 7 (t5 ! "w ( =eign speciali/s & exp]ts !y are ! v in/rum5ts ( success us$ by our mo/ successful rivals1 h[ !n c !y be inadequate8 ,translation has put u into possession ( ! be/ works us$ by our =eign rivals1 & if we are less successful ?an !y x is due z a ,swiss correspond5t ( ! ,man*e/] ,gu>dian rec5tly /at$ n to ! sup]ior aptitude b ! sup]ior application ( ! =eign]4 ,he is less s5sible to ! attractions ( football & out-door sports or at lea/ !y are n ( su* an all-absorb+ irresi/ible temptation4 ,) a "m tongue comp\nd$ ( ! ,teutonic & ,romance languages1 no o!r p ?an ! ,briti% enjoys su* a natural facility = acquir+ bo? ! ,g]man & ,fr5* & _! si/] tongues4 ,9 #ahic ! ,scot* ,education ,dep>tm5t issu$ a report to ! ,lords ( ! ,committee ( ,c\ncil on ,education = ,scotl&1 by ,pr(essor ,h]b]t ,a4 ,/rong1 ,l4,l4,d4 on ,,me?ods ,,( ,,tea*+ ,,mod]n ,,languages ,,9 ,,belgium4 ,belgium 0 select$ z a field = inve/igation1 says ,pr(essor ,/rong1 because1 f =ce ( circum/ances x has paid p>ticul> att5tion to ?is bran* ( in/ruction1 ! necessity ( le>n+ mod]n languages be+ !re felt1 mu* m /rongly ?an 9 ,brita94 ,x is a small c\ntry1 ?ickly populat$1 ) an ext5sive comm]ce1 = :i* z well z = its lit]ature1 x is compell$ to look to c\ntries l>g] ?an itself4 ,x embraces ?ree languages )9 its bord]s--,flemi%1 spok5 by m ?an ?ree millions2 ,walloon by ov] two millions1 & ,fr5* ! language ( lit]ature & comm]ce4 ,9 ! ,prim>y ,s*ools1 ,fr5*1 ! language ( _! ,lit]ature & ,comm]ce is /udi$ six ye>s4 ,e *ild mu/ /udy "o language besides its "m tongue4 ,?is is compulsory4 #a/ #bnd #crd #d? #e? #f? ye> ,girls #b #b #c #c #c #c h\rs weekly ,boys #b #b4e #d #d #c #c h\rs weekly ,x is und]/ood1 x is no "p ( ! duties ( ! prim>y s*ool to tea* ! lit]ature ( a language4 ,9 ! ,a!nees1 or ,second>y ,s*ools1 ,fr5* or ,flemi% compulsory c\rses comprise six lessons a week dur+ fir/ two ye>s1 & ?ree lessons p] week 9 foll[+ ye>s3-- ,g]man six ye>s1 page #aa4 #g ye>s1 page #ab4 #a/ #bnd #crd #d? #e? #f? #g? ye> #b #d #c #c #c #c h\rs ,! degree ( pr(ici5cy ( ! pupils is also /at$ page #ag4 ,9 ^! s*ools ! me?od ( tea*+ f objects is n anti- b simply ante-grammatical z is app>5t f ! classes 9 :i* ! two me?ods are respectively 9 use4 ,9 ! two l[e/ classes ( a prim>y s*ool1 ignorance ( _! own language1 & _! unripe m5tal p[]s w\ld n admit ( *ildr5 ( su* t5d] age le>n+ o!rwise ?an f objects4 ,supplem5t4 ,! foll[+ ,fr5* ,num]als are diff]5tly pron\nc$ accord+ #a/--z !y /& alone1 or are jo9$ to ,n\n or ,adjective beg9n+1 #bnd--) ,v[el4 #crd--) ,consonant4 ,comp\nd numb]s z simple ones4 ,practise ! s\nds giv5 ) ! words alone ans livres un un un n'arbre un deux deu deuz deu trois troi troiz troi quatre quatre quatr' quatre c9q c9q c9q c9 six siss siz si sept set set se huit huitt huit hui neuf neuf neuv neu dix diss diz di #ag diss-sett1 #ah diz-huit1 #ai diz-neuf1 v+t v9 v9t v9 quatre-v+ts quatre-v9 quatre-v9z quatre-v9 c5t san sant san ,9 ils etai5t neuf a d9]1 neuf en t\t1 ! f keeps its natural s\nd4 ,no tie is ev] made be=e onze ,9 #ba to #bi ! t ( v+t is s\nd$1 #bb1 v9t-deu1 #bc v9t troi etc4 ,f #hj to #ii ! t ( v+t is ev]y:]e mute1 & ! n is s\nd$ nasal4 ,quatre-v+t-un is s\nd$ quatre-v9-un4 ,c5t un is s\nd$ san un2 b #bjj deu sanz hommes4 ,mille1 ?\s& has no plural =m4 deux mille #bjjj2 deux milles means two miles4 ,mil is us$ 9 ,*ri/ian era1 l'an ,mil huit c5t1 #ahjj4 ,9 pron\n ,t\s1 ! is nev] sil5t & always pron\nc$ l c or ss4 ,9 ,belgium = #gj1 septante1 = #hj1 octante1 = #ij nonante are us$4 ,! ,aural ,sy/em ,supplem5t4