,pius ,,ix4 ,& ,8 ,"t ,by ,! ,rev4 neas ,mac,donell ,dawson4 ,london3 ,pr9t$ by ,?os4 ,c(fey1 ,ca?olic ,record ,pr9t+ ,h\se4 #ahhj ,,cont5ts ,preface4 ,pius ,,ix4 ,& ,8 ,"t4 ,footnotes ,,preface4 ,! hi/ory ( ,pius ,,ix4 w always be read ) int]e/4 ,8 ,pontificate 01 inde$1 ev5tful4 ,9 no prec$+ age 7 ! annals ( ! ,*ur* s gr&ly illu/rat$4 ,! spiritual sov]eignty1 8) :i*10 to use ! words ( a ,briti% /atesman1 8!re is no?+ on ?is e>? t c at all comp>e10 0 cr[n$ ) surpass+ glory4 ,doctr9es :i*1 hi!rto1 _h be5 op5 to !ological discussion1 7 asc]ta9$ & pron\nc$ to be 9 accordance ) ! belief ( all prec$+ ,*ri/ian ages4 ,! ,*ur* 0 enabl$1 ?r\gh ! labors ( h] ,*ief & ! zeal ( h] ,prie/hood1 to ext5d va/ly ! place ( h] t5t4 ,! life ( ,pius ,,ix4 himself 0 a m>vel & a glory4 ,none ( 8 pr$ecessors1 n ev5 ,pet]1 atta9$ to 8 l5g? ( days4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! v5]able ,pontiff1 &1 toge!r ) him1 ! ,ca?olic p1 7 doom$ to behold & lam5t ! loss ( ! "t-honor$ patrimony ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,! ,papacy1 h[ev]1 unlike all temporal sov]eignties1 0 able to su/a9 s great a loss4 ,m anci5t ?an its temporal p[]1 x /ill survives2 8n a m]e antique1 b 9 undim9i%$ vigor40 ,,pius ,,ix4 ,,& ,,8 ,,"t4 ,john ,m>y ,c\nt ,ma/ai ,f]reti 0 born at ,s9igaglia1 on ! #ac? ( ,may1 #agib4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-two he came to ,rome4 ,anxi\s to s]ve ! ,holy ,fa!r1 & yet n aspir+ to ! prie/hood1 he resolv$ to become a memb] ( ! ,noble ,gu>d4 ,?is ! delicate /ate ( 8 heal? =bade4 ,repell$ by ! ,pr9ce ,comm&ant1 he s\ght c\nsel ( ! ,pope4 ,pius ,,vii4 pron\nc$ t 8 de/9y 0 ! ,cross1 & advis$ him to devote himself to ! ecclesia/ical /ate4 ,! words ( ! ,holy ,fa!r 71 to ! y\?ful ,ma/ai1 z a voice f on high4 ,he decid$ = ! ,*ur*1 &1 z if 9 te/imony t 8 decision 0 ratifi$ 9 heav51 ! fall+-sickness left him4 ,8 /udies 7 m ?an ord9>ily successful1 & he already gave pro( ( ^? high qualities :i* 7 aft]w>ds s greatly develop$4 ,! di/+ui%$ ,canon ,grani>e1 8 pr(essor1 little dream+ ( ! exalt$ de/9y :i* await$ him1 held him up z a patt]n ( excell5ce to 8 fell[-/ud5ts1 say+ t he possess$ ! he>t ( a ,pope4 ,:il/ yet a /ud5t1 ,ma/ai int]e/$ himself 9 an orphanage1 :i* 0 f\nd$ by ,john ,bonghi1 a *>itable mason ( ,rome4 ,he sp5t 9 ?is in/itution ! fir/ sev5 ye>s ( 8 prie/hood1 devot+ himself to ! c>e ( ! orphans1 :o 71 z yet1 8 only p>i%ion]s4 ,! income :i* he d]iv$ f family res\rces 0 lib]ally appli$ 9 supply+ ! wants ( ^! de/itute *ildr51 & ev5 9 m9i/]+ to _! recreation4 ,x n[ became 8 duty to accompany1 z a mission>y prie/1 ,monsignore ,mazi1 :o 0 appo9t$ ,vic>-,apo/olic = ,*ili1 ,p]u & ,mexico4 ,^! c\ntries _h ?r[n (f ! yoke ( ,spa9 & adopt$ ,republican =ms ( gov]nm5t4 ,! ,vic>-,apo/olic & 8 companions suff]$ mu* 9 ! c\rse ( _! voyage to ,am]ica4 ,!y 7 ca/ into prison1 at ! ,isl& ( ,majorca1 by ,spani% (ficials1 :o took x amiss t ,rome %\ld hold direct relations ) ! rebelli\s subjects ( _! gov]nm5t4 ,_! %ip 0 attack$ by corsairs1 & 0 aft]w>ds 9 dang] f a /orm4 ,a s+le circum/ance only ne$ be m5tion$ 9 ord] to %[ :at ! fai?ful m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* _h to endure :5 trav]s+ ! inhospitable /eppes ( ! ,pampas4 ,once1 at night1 !y _h no o!r %elt] ?an a wret*$ cab9 built ) ! bones ( animals1 :i* /ill emitt$ a cadav]\s od\r4 ,9 ^? arid des]ts1 !y suff]$ f ?ir/ z well z f de>? ( provisions4 ,great results c only be atta9$ by equally great labors4 ,if1 aft] a p]iod ( privation1 ! travell]s enjoy$ no m luxuri\s refre%m5t ?an ! wat]s ( ! cry/al brook1 x might well be said1 8de torr5te 9 viabibet propt]ea exaltabit caput40 7,!y %all be r$uc$ to qu5* _! ?ir/ 9 ! m\nta9 /ream1 & !re=e %all be exalt$47 ,! delegates ( ! ,holy ,fa!r 7 receiv$ ) en?usiasm by ! ,s\? ,am]ican populations4 ,mean:ile1 ! n>r[ gov]nm5ts t 7 set ov] ^? c\ntries rais$ s _m difficulties t ! mission 0 only p>tially successful4 ,?is mission1 h[ev]1 0 n )\t b5efit to ! ,rev]5d ,c\nt ,ma/ai4 ,x _h be5 ! means ( develop+ ! admirable qualities :i* he possess$4 ,x _h af=d$ him ! opportunity ( see+ _m cities1 z well z ! mann]s & cu/oms ( _m p4 ,^! lessons ( travel 7 n address$ to an ord9>y m9d4 ,8 views 7 enl>g$1 elevat$ & ref9$ by contact ) s _m ris+ or fall5 civilizations1 s _m diff]5t nationalities1 & by ! spectacle ( ,nature1 t admirable h&maid ( ! ,div9ity1 ) h] v>i$ spl5dors & h] manifold wond]s1 a/oni%+ no less 9 ! imm5sity ( ! ocean ?an 9 ! va/ =e/s ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,! m9d appe>s to gr[ z ! sph]e ( mat]ial life ext5ds4 ,va/ horizons are adapt$ to great s\ls1 & prep>e !m = great ?+s4 ,! ,abbe ,ma/ai _h ?us receiv$ 9 8 y\? two mo/ salut>y lessons1 :i* are (t5 want+ to ! be/-tri$ virtues ( ! sac]dotal /ate--! lesson ( ! _w1 :i* ,ma/ai _h receiv$ be=e ! "t ( 8 vocation to ,holy ,ord]s1 & ! lessons ( travel1 :i* dis5gages ! m9d f ! bondage ( local prejudices4 ,bo? ( ^! tea*]s he admirably und]/ood4 ,he _h1 inde$1 drank ( ! torr5t :i* exalts4 ,leo ,,xii4 n[ fill$ ! ,apo/olic ,*air4 ,?is ,pontiff1 highly appreciat+ ! good s5se & p5etration ( :i* ,ma/ai _h giv5 pro( 9 ! difficult mission to ,*ili1 appo9t$ him ,canon ( ,sancta ,m>ia1 ,rome1 9 via lata1 &1 at ! same "t1 conf]r$ on him ! dignity ( ,prelate4 ,nev] 0 ! ,roman purple m adorn$ by ! le>n+ & g5u9e virtue ( him on :om x 0 be/[$4 ,!re is at ,rome an in/itution ( *>ity1 ! greate/ :i* t city or ev5 ! _w possesses1 ! imm5se hospital ( ,/4 ,mi*ael a ,ripa ,gr&e4 ,a :ole p dwells )9 its va/ prec9cts4 ,x is at once a place ( retreat = ag$ & infirm m51 a mo/ ext5sive pr(essional s*ool = poor girls1 & a sort ( work%op1 on a great scale1 = *ildr5 t h be5 =sak54 ,! great] numb] le>n trades4 ,"s1 :o give pro( ( high] tal5ts1 apply1 at ! exp5se ( ! hospital1 to ! /udy ( ! f9e arts4 ,?is hospital is1 9 itself1 a _w1 & its gov]nm5t requires almo/ ! qualities ( a /atesman4 ,pope ,leo ,,xii41 anxi\s to r5d] available ! r>e abilities ( ,canon ,ma/ai1 nam$ him ,presid5t ( ! commission :i* gov]ns ?is great e/abli%m5t4 ,!re 0 ne$1 at ! "t1 s l[ 0 ! /ate ( ! hospital budget1 ( ! nice/ managem5t1 unremitt+ c>e1 & ! highe/ f9ancial capacity4 ,^! qualities 7 all spe$ily at "w1 & 9 ! c\rse ( two ye>s all ! res\rces ( ! in/itution 7 9 admirable ord]4 ,! fe> ( bankruptcy 0 remov$1 deficits ( income made up1 & receipts abundant4 ,x _h n be5 ! cu/om to all[ to appr5tice-workm5 any %>e 9 ! fruits ( _! labors4 ,h]e9 ,ma/ai effect$ a great & c]ta9ly n uncall$-= re=m4 ,f> f impov]i%+ ! hospital1 ?is lib]al measure only %[$1 by its happy results1 t ju/ice is 9 p]fect h>mony ) economy1 & t ! be/ h\ses are n ^? :i* make ! mo/ ( ! labor ( _! inmates1 b ^? :i* enc\rage indu/ry by all[+ x :at is j4 ,! orphans 7 ?us1 9 two ye>s1 enabl$ to h a small sum1 :i* secur$ to !m1 s f>1 a mitigation ( _! lot4 ,mean:ile1 ! proce$s ( ! hospital 7 d\bl$4 ,?is 0 rem>kable success4 ,c\nt ,ma/ai's reputation = adm9i/rative ability 0 n[ ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,9 ! ,consi/ory ( ,may #ba/1 #ahbg1 ,canon ,c\nt ,ma/ai 0 nam$ ,ar*bi%op ( ,spoleto4 ,?us did ,pope ,leo ,,xii4 signalize 8 solicitude & affection = ! city ( 8 bir?4 ,! appo9tm5t came n too soon4 ,x requir$ all ! influ5ce ( a great m9d to ma9ta9 peace at ,spoleto4 ,p>ty _s ran high4 ,"o side clamor$ aga9/ abuses3 ! o!r1 dread+ all *ange1 clung p]t9aci\sly to ! pa/4 ,wra? 0 treasur$ 9 e bosom4 ,if civil w> _h n yet brok5 out1 x rag$ already 9 ! brea/s ( ! p4 ,spoleto resembl$ two ho/ile camps1 & vividly recall$ ! /ate ( ^! cities ( ! ,middle-,age1 :]e /ood 9 pres5ce1 & arm$ f head to heel1 ! undy+ enmities ( ! ,ghibell9s & ! ,guelphs4 ,! slighte/ occasion w\ld h suffic$ to cause ! h>dly-suppress$ emb]s ( deadly /rife to bur/ into a flame4 ,?r\gh ! zeal & diplomacy ( ! ,ar*bi%op1 su* occasion 0 av]t$4 ,spoleto may yet rememb]1 & n )\t emotion1 h[ e>ne/ly he /udi$ to appease wild passions1 ) :at delicacy & p]sev]ance he labor$ to reconcile ! t]rible feuds t prevail$1 to calm ! dire _s ( rev5ge1 to bury ! s5se ( wrong 9 ! oblivion ( =giv5ess4 ,at l5g?1 9 #ahca & #ahcb1 a hopeless rebellion unfurl$ its blood-r$ bann]4 ,x 0 spe$ily & pitilessly repress$4 ,su* an occasion only 0 want+ 9 ord] to %[ :at "o man c d :5 su/a9$ by ! p[] ( virtue & ! e/eem ( mank9d4 ,! =eign & ,teutonic arm :i* conqu]$ ! insurrection _h be5 always hateful to ! ,italian p2 nor did its display & ex]cise ( milit>y =ce1 9 re/or+ tranquillity to ! tr\bl$ ,/ate1 conciliate _! fri5d%ip4 ,only :5 vanqui%$ did ! rebels appe> be=e ! walls ( ,spoleto4 ,9 _! extremity1 !y came to beg = %elt] & = bread4 ,9 ! e/imation ( ! b5evol5t ,ar*bi%op1 !y 7 z lo/ %eep :om x 0 8 duty1 if possible1 to save4 ,he ha/5$1 accord+ly1 to meet ! wolf4 ,! ,au/rian ,g5]al1 al?\gh a /]n w>rior1 01 at ! same "t1 ! s]vant ( a ,*ri/ian ,p[]4 ,he li/5$ to ! ,ar*bi%op's remon/rances1 & resolv$ to refra9 f fur!r milit>y proce$+s1 ! ,prelate und]tak+ to dis>m ! rebels1 & ?us satisfy ! sad requirem5ts ( w> )\t any rec\rse to useless & hateful cruelties4 ,return+ to ! city1 he address$ ! insurg5ts1 &1 to 8 unspeakable satisfaction1 !y at once came to lay at 8 feet ^? arms :i* ! ,au/rian soldi]s c\ld only h torn f _! lifeless bodies4 ,?us did ! good pa/or1 by dis>m+1 save ! rebelli\s flock4 ,ma/ai 0 n[ transf]r$ to ,imola4 ,?is city is less consid]able ?an ,spoleto4 ,! diocese1 h[ev]1 is ri*] & m popul\s4 ,its ,episcopal *air leads directly to ! ,c>d9alate4 ,x has also ?rice giv5 to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* its ,*ief ,pa/or4 ,! p ( ,spoleto s5t a deputation1 b 9 va91 to besee* ! ,holy ,fa!r to leave ! good pa/or to 8 affectionate flock4 ,he 0 de/9$ also to reign 9 ! he>ts ( ! good p ( ,imola4 ,! num]\s in/itutions !re1 :i* owe _! exi/5ce to 8 ,episcopal zeal & ,*ri/ian *>ity1 are monum5ts ( 8 pa/oral c>e4 ,! virtue ( :i* ,ar*bi%op ,ma/ai 0 s bright a patt]n _h no s\rness 9 x1 no outw>d %[ ( au/]ity2 nor 0 x =bidd+ & intol]ant1 b sweet & g5tle4 ,words ( =giv5ess 7 always on 8 lips1 & 8 h& 0 ev] op5 to di/ress4 ,he labor$ assidu\sly to re=m1 :]ev] re=m 0 ne$$1 b1 :at r>ely happ5s1 )\t ali5at+ affection f ! re=m]4 ,x 0 8 con/ant /udy to elevate ! "* ( ! cl]gy1 & he ceas$ n to enc\rage among !m le>n+ z well z piety4 ,into ! ,diocesan ,sem9>y1 :i* 0 always ! object ( 8 mo/ anxi\s c>e1 he introduc$ "s new bran*es ( /udy1 su* z agriculture1 practical z well z !oretical1 & a g5]al k ( ! m$ical art4 ,!re 0 yet want+ to ! cl]gy ( 8 diocese a common c5tre :]e !y c\ld meet = mutual edification & in/ruction4 ,to ?is purpose he devot$ 8 own palace1 & f\nd$ !re a ,biblical ,academy4 ,! memb]s ( ?is ,academy met once a mon? 9 ord] to discuss toge!r "s subjects connect$ ) ! ,sacr$ ,writ+s4 ,none c be ignorant h[ p[]fully su* meet+s contribute to promote ! /udy ( ! ,scriptures1 pulpit eloqu5ce1 & ! great sci5ce ( !ology4 ,9 ord]1 moreov]1 to obviate ! dang]s to :i* /ud5ts 7 expos$1 :o1 :il/ !y /udi$ at ! ,sem9>y1 7 n inmates1 & enjoy$ n ! safegu>ds ( its discipl9e1 he f\nd$ an in/itution call$ ! 8,convitto10 :]e ! poor] alumni 7 bo>d$ )\t *>ge4 ,anxi\s also to provide = ! com=t ( ! l[ly poor1 & to gu>d aga9/ all wa/+ ( _! humble means1 ! good ,prelate re=m$ ! hospital ( ,imola1 & set ov] x ! ,si/]s ( ,*>ity--t incomp>able ,ord] :i* owes its exi/5ce to ! mo/ b5evol5t ( m51 ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul4 ,nor1 9 8 high] /ate1 did he =get 8 fir/ c>e--! orphan4 ,an orphanage at ,imola is due to 8 munific5ce4 ,!re 7 no b\nds to 8 lib]ality4 ,at 8 own exp5se alone he repair$ ! tomb ( ,/4 ,cassi51 & decorat$ ! ,*apel ( ,our ,lady ( ,dol\rs 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,s]vites4 ,:5 rais$ to ! dignity ( ,c>d9al1 by ,pope ,gregory ,,xvi41 9 ,decemb]1 #ahdj1 ,ar*bi%op ,ma/ai 0 already univ]sally popul>4 ,! ovations ( a lat] p]iod may h orig9at$ 9 political motives--may ev5 h be5 promot$ by a political p>ty2 b ! honors n[ spontane\sly heap$ ^u him 7 aw>d$ to ! man & ! ,*ri/ian pa/or4 ,congratulations 9 prose & 9 v]se1 illum9ations1 fireworks1 demon/rations ( e k9d1 ann\nc$ ! joy ) :i* ! new ,c>d9al 0 welcom$ ev]y:]e4 ,gregory ,,xvi4 _h ! reputation ( be+ highly cons]vative4 ,9 ! true s5se ( ! t]m1 he really 0 s4 ,nev]!less1 he 0 n av]se to re=m1 & he %[$ t he 0 n :5 he elevat$ ,ar*bi%op ,ma/ai1 ^: t5d5cies 7 well kn[n1 to ! rank & (fice ( ,c>d9al4 ,m ?an ?is1 9 concurr5ce ) ! ,great ,p[]s ( ,europe1 ) :om he took c\nsel1 he labor$ to introduce c]ta9 salut>y re=ms 9 8 ,/ates4 ,su* re=ms1 inde$1 7 ne$$2 & ! ag$ ,pontiff resolv$ on !m1 n only 9 ord] to r5d] unnecess>y ! int]v5tion ( =eign arms 9 ! affairs ( 8 gov]nm5t1 b also ) a view to br+ 8 rule into h>mony ) ! _s & civilization ( ! age4 ,if 9 ?is mo/ laudable und]tak+ he did n succe$1 he ow$ 8 failure to ! ,sociali/ p>ty1 ^? enemies ( law & ord]1 ( prop]ty1 & life ev51 ^: fatal action at a lat] p]iod m>r$ ! political c>e] ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,! ,roman p1 g5]ally1 7 capable ( appreciat+1 & surely did appreciate1 ! enlight5$ ef=ts ( _! ,pontiff ,sov]eign4 ,!y 7 n1 z "s writ]s w\ld h u believe1 9 a semi-b>b>\s condition4 ,sylvio ,pellico1 ^: te/imony _c be que/ion$1 speaks ( !m 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 8,! eight mon?s ,i h sp5t at ,rome 9 #ahde & #ahdf 7"t ( ,gregory ,,xvi47 h ab\nd$ 9 delightful impressions4 ,x c nev] be suffici5tly told h[ well ?is v5]able city des]ves to be visit$1 & n 9 pass+ only4 ,h[ ! good & beautiful ab\nd 9 x60 ,a little lat]1 ,pellico writes3 8,i cont9ue to be q delight$ ) ,rome1 bo? z reg>ds m5 & ?+s4 ,9 ! small book1 ,dei ,doc]i1 ,i h %[n my incl9ation to avoid be+ absolute 9 my judgm5ts1 a too common error1 especially ) m9ds t dogmatize passionately4 ,by su* ,rome is (t5 unju/ly judg$4 8,sev]al types ( social cu/oms mu/ be consid]$ z mod]ately good2 & we _c condemn1 z decid$ly bad1 any?+ b b>b>ism1 irreligion & a sup]abundance ( knaves & fools4 ,^! odi\s elem5ts are by no means ov]-abundant 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,& 9 ! mid/ ( evils t are unavoidable ev]y:]e1 ,i obs]ve great intellectual p[]1 mu* goodness1 cultivat$ m9ds1 graci\s & s9c]e g5]osity4 ,:oev] comes to ,rome w be morally well (f z reg>ds intellig5ce4 ,he w be s1 likewise1 on acc\nt ( ! sociability ( ! inhabitants4 ,! ,romans are a jovial p4 ,b ev5 _! joviality is z admirably subject to good ord] z x is graceful1 & does n impair ! natural goodness ( _! disposition4 ,b p]haps ,i am wrong2 & x 7 bett] ,i %\ld assume a fr[n+ aspect1 & behold only attempts on life1 importunate begg>y1 useless prie/s & monks1 & res]ve my praises = ^? happy nations :]e !re are no crimes1 no inequality ( =tune1 no mis]y4 ,impassion$ m5 declaim1 exagg]ate1 lie4 ,= my "p1 ,i am nei!r an optimi/ nor a pessimi/4 ,x is impossible to speak ) c]ta9ty ( ! moral ( a c\ntry if we speak ( x too soon4 ,i "k t "h at ,rome ,i f9d amiability1 sci5ce & good s5se4 ,x seems to me t ev]y?+ is mu* ! same z 9 o!r civiliz$ c\ntries40 ,su* 0 ! p ov] :om1 on ! #af? day ( ,june1 #ahdf1 ,c>d9al ,ma/ai 0 call$ to ex]cise au?ority 9 ! tw(old capacity ( ,pontiff & ,pr9ce4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! ,conclave sev]al votes 7 ca/ = ! lib]al-m9d$ ,c>d9al ,gizzi1 & "s 9 favor ( ! highly-cons]vative ,lambrus*9i4 ,! second day all jo9$ = ,ma/ai4 ,& ?us 0 elect$ to ! ,papal ,*air1 by ! unanim\s voice ( ! ,sacr$ ,college1 "o ( _! body1 :o1 9 all ! positions :i* he _h held1 z ,prie/1 z ,ar*bi%op1 z ,c>d9al1 _h %[n 8 det]m9ation to promote re=m & improvem5t4 ,no bett] pro( c\ld be requir$ t ! ,c>d9als p]fectly und]/ood ! /ate ( ! c\ntry1 its urg5t wants1 its relations ) ! ,*ur* & ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,!re 0 mu* rejoic+ 9 ! ,papal ,city4 ,x seem$ z if1 ) ! elevation ( a great "* to high au?ority1 ! days ( ! ,mill5nium _h at l5g? dawn$ on ! di/ract$ _w4 ,!re 0 n[ "q only ( =giv5ess = ! pa/4 ,ord] & peace only 7 possible 9 "t to come4 ,! new ,pontiff 0 resolv$ t !re %\ld be no elem5t ( sorr[ to m> ! g5]al joy2 & s he amne/i$ ! political (f5d]s :o _h borne arms aga9/ ! gov]nm5t ( 8 pr$ecessor4 ,only "o condition 0 requir$1 viz43 t1 9 ! future1 !y %\ld fulfil ! duties ( good & ord]-lov+ subjects4 ,?us 7 fifte5 hundr$ exiles re/or$ to _! families1 :o _h lo/ all hope ( ev] see+ !m aga94 ,! cases only ( a small numb] ( ! r+-lead]s ( ! rebellion 7 res]v$ = consid]ation1 & !y1 too1 7 *e]$ ) ! hope ( p>don4 ,! preamble ( ! decree ( amne/y1 all 9 ! ,pope's own h&writ+1 bore ! foll[+ words3 8,at ! "t :5 ! public joy occasion$ by our accession to ! (fice ( ,sov]eign ,pontiff caus$ u to exp]i5ce 9 our inmo/ s\l ! mo/ lively emotion1 we c\ld n avoid ent]ta9+ a feel+ ( sorr[ :5 we rememb]$ t a great numb] ( families among/ our p c\ld n take "p 9 ! g5]al rejoic+1 depriv$1 z !y 71 ( dome/ic happ9ess4444 ,on ! o!r h&1 we ca/ a look ( compassion on ! num]\s & inexp]i5c$ y\?1 :i*1 al?\gh c>ri$ away by deceitful flatt]]s1 9 ! mid/ ( political tr\bles1 appe>$ to u guilty r ( all[+ itself to be l$ a/ray1 ?an ( deceiv+ o!rs4 ,on ?is acc\nt x 0 t1 f t mom5t1 we *]i%$ ! ?\ght ( ext5d+ a fri5dly h&1 & (f]+ peace to su* ( ^! de> b misguid$ *ildr5 z %\ld come to u1 & give pro( ( _! s9c]e rep5tance40 ,night 0 draw+ on :5 ! decree 0 po/$ on ! walls ( ,rome4 ,x 0 obs]v$1 h[ev]1 amid/ ! gr[+ d>kness2 & no soon] 0 ! ^w amne/y read ?an a cry ( en?usiasm 0 he>d4 ,p ha/5$ f _! h\ses 9 all directions1 ! pass]s-by /opp$ 9 cr[ds to read1 by tor*light1 ! cabali/ic words4 ,among ! fa/-assembl+ masses !re 0 b "o feel+4 ,!y embrac$ & ev5 wept = joy4 ,9 ! dep? ( _! emotion1 & :il/ yet1 z may be said1 intoxicat$ ) delight1 !y s\ght h[ to express _! gratitude4 ,! cry 0 rais$1 8,to ! ,quir9al60 ,arriv$ !re1 !y hail$1 ) l\d & unit$ voice1 ! b5efic5t ,pontiff--8,vivat ,pius ,nonus60 8,long live our ,holy ,fa!r60 ,cr[d aft] cr[d ?us approa*$ ! p]son ( ! ,pope4 ,x 0 n[ late1 & ,pius ,,ix41 mu* fatigu$1 ov]:elm$ by 8 emotions1 _h )drawn to ! sil5ce ( 8 ,oratory4 ,mean:ile1 fre% cr[ds ( ov]joy$ citiz5s 7 press+ =w>d4 ,t5 ?\s& m51 at lea/1 7 n[ wait+1 ) respectful anxiety1 "u ! walls ( ! ,quir9al ,palace4 ,! ,fr5* ,ambassador to ,rome1 ,c\nt ,rossi1 0 a witness ( ^! ev5ts4 ,he became also _! hi/orian4 ,he wrote ?us to ,m4 ,guizot3 8,sudd5ly ! acclamations are r$\bl$4 ,i _h n yet und]/ood on :at acc\nt1 :5 "s "o call$ my att5tion to ! light :i* 0 %9+ ?r\gh ! w9d[-bl9ds at ! f>!/ end ( ! ,pontifical ,palace4 ,! p _h obs]v$ t ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 trav]s+ ! ap>tm5t 9 ord] to rea* ! balcony4 ,x 0 spe$ily ?r[n op51 & ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 9 a :ite robe & sc>let mantle1 made 8 appe>ance1 surr\nd$ by tor*es4 ,if y\r ,excell5cy 7,m4 ,guizot1 at t "t ,m9i/] ( ! ,fr5* ,k+1 ,l\is ,philippe7 w only figure to y\rself a magnific5t place1 a summ] night1 ! sky ( ,rome1 an imm5se p mov$ ) gratitude1 weep+ = joy & receiv+ ) love & rev]5ce ! b5$iction ( _! ,pa/or & _! ,pr9ce1 y w n be a/oni%$1 if ,i add t we h %>$ ! g5]al emotion1 & h plac$ ?is spectacle above e ?+ t ,rome _h z yet (f]$ to our contemplation4 ,j z ,i _h =ese51 z soon z ! w9d[ 0 clos$ ! cr[d )drew peacefully & 9 p]fect sil5ce4 ,y w\ld h call$ !m a p ( mutes2 !y 7 satisfi$40 ,x is n s difficult to grant an amne/y4 ,x is delightful1 ev51 to m5 ( ! "* ( ,pius ,,ix4 to disp5se =giv5ess4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! (fice & ! privilege ( ! ,*ur*4 ,/]n] duties devolve ^u ! /atesman4 ,&1 h[ev] reconcileable ! two c\rses ( conduct 9 public affairs may really be1 x is difficult (t5 to reconcile !m4 ,! amne/y1 al?\gh f> f be+ ev]y?+1 01 nev]!less1 a beg9n+1 & "o ( favorable om54 ,! furr[ 0 op5$1 to use ! language ( ,m4 ,rossi1 & no d\bt ! pl\gh+ w\ld proce$4 ,_m =midable difficulties mu/1 h[ev]1 be surm\nt$4 ,on ! "o h&1 /ood ! influ5ce ( ! old feudal ,cons]vative p>ty1 :i* fr[n$ on ! slighte/ *ange4 ,on ! o!r1 7 ! ,sociali/s1 :o aim$ at ! de/ruction ( e exi/+ in/itution--9 ^: e/imation prop]ty ev5 0 n sacr$1 nor life itself4 ,x 0 necess>y1 mean:ile1 to improve ! condition ( ! p1 &1 9 do+ s1 to gu>d aga9/ an>*y4 ,by wise & well-consid]$ re=ms only c\ld ! gr[? & advance ( revolution be disc\rag$ & /ay$1 :il/ a political sy/em1 almo/ entirely new1 came to be firmly e/abli%$4 ,= ?is purpose1 x 0 necess>y t !re %\ld prevail 9 ! ,pontifical ,/ates a s\nd] /ate ( op9ion4 ,?is 0 n ! "w ( a s+le day4 ,x 0 necess>y1 nev]!less1 z ! p c\ld n be safely l$ by _! ev]-*ang+ emotions4 ,bas$ on su* quicks&s1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,holy ,fa!r c\ld h no /ability1 & x 0 8 aim s to =m x t x %\ld be able to keep its gr\nd )\t ! aid ( =eign arms4 ,! /ate ( ,italy1 ! peculi> position ( ! ,pontifical ,/ates1 ! "* ( mod]n civilization1 ! _s ( ! age--all conspir$ to produce new wants1 &1 at ! same "t1 made x a matt] ( ! greate/ difficulty to meet !m4 8,?is difficulty10 writes ! ,spani% ,sage1 ,balmes1 8x 0 impossible to surm\nt by *ant+ patriotic hymns any m ?an by hav+ rec\rse to ,au/rian bayonets40 ,by none 0 ?is bett] und]/ood ?an by ,pius ,,ix4 ,! /udy ( ,/ate affairs 0 n new to him4 ,he _h consid]$ & lam5t$ ! condition ( ?+s :i* s (t5 br\ght ^u 8 c\ntry =eign invasion1 ! horrors ( w>1 & puni%m5ts )\t end1 inflict$ on 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,x is relat$ ev5 t he prep>$ & pres5t$ to ,gregory ,,xvi4 a programme ( re=ms1 :i* he believ$ w\ld br+ ! necess>y rem$y4 ,n[ t he 0 at ! head ( ! ,/ate1 he believ$ t ! responsibility devolv$ on him ( introduc+ su* re=ms z 7 call$ = by ! exig5cy ( ! "t1 & by :i* alone he 0 p]suad$ ! evils :i* oppress$ ! c\ntry c\ld be br\ght to an end4 ,x 0 n possible1 z yet1 to inaugurate any g5]al measure ( re=m4 ,9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1 ! rule ( ! ,pontiff 0 *>act]iz$ by wise1 j1 humane & lib]al acts1 :i* c\ld n fail to pave ! way = ! great] improvem5ts :i* he m$itat$4 ,among ^! less]1 b by no means unimportant1 re=ms may be m5tion$ ! abolition ( an odi\s law :i* _h long disgrac$ ! legislation ( s _m ,*ri/ian nations4 ,! puni%m5t by imprisonm5t = petty debts 01 9 ! e/imation ( ,pius ,,ix41 z unju/ z x 0 cruel & hateful4 ,x answ]$ no bett] purpose1 = ! mo/ "p1 ?an ! gratification ( private spite4 ,by a g5]\s contribution f 8 own funds1 ! ,pope ?rew op5 ! prisons ( ! ,capitol4 ,he set a great example1 :i* c\ld n fail to promote ! cause ( virtue :il/ x reliev$ ! indig5t1 by di/ribut+ twelve ?\s& ,roman ecus1 9 ! =m ( d[ries1 among ! "y wom5 ( poor families1 ^: pov]ty r5d]$ an honorable settlem5t extremely difficult4 ,he also enc\rag$ collections 9 favor ( su* ( ! amne/i$ p>ties z 7 9 ne$4 ,8 f9ancial re=ms 7 m important4 ,& by ^! he won a title to ! gratitude ( ! ,/ate4 ,! public rev5ue 0 al>m+ly defici5t4 ,only by "s great *ange c\ld ru9 be av]t$4 ,fir/ ( all1 he propos$ t 8 fai?ful cl]gy %\ld make a sacrifice2 & e conv5t engag$ to pay t5 scudi ye>ly1 & e p>i% prie/ a scudo dur+ ?ree consecutive ye>s4 ,he himself set ! example ( ! mo/ rigid economy by r$uc+ ! scale ( 8 e/abli%m5t4 ,he at ! same "t retr5*$ ^? ri* s9ecures :i* 71 s to say1 engraft$ on ! temporalities ( ! ,papacy4 ,:at 0 well wor?y ( a great /atesman1 he %[$ ! mo/ enlight5$ sympa?y = all ! sci5ces :i* contribute to ! mat]ial & intellectual well-be+ ( ! populations1 su* z physiology1 natural hi/ory1 political economy & ma!matics4 ,nor 0 he unwill+ t 8 p %\ld avail !mselves ( ! k ( =eign]s4 ,he w5t s f> z to intimate 8 int5tion to re-e/abli% ! celebrat$ ,sci5tific ,academy1 ,di ,l9cei4 ,he c\ld n1 z yet1 by any o!r ?an su* isolat$ acts z ^!1 ev9ce ! elevat$ & lib]al t5d5cies ( 8 m9d1 9 :i* 7 bl5d$ boldness ) mod]ation1 & views ( re=m ) all t became 8 position1 & 0 adapt$ to ! wants ( ! c\ntry & ! age4 ,pius ,,ix41 al?\gh n a con/itutional sov]eign1 & unable s to con/itute himself1 0 anxi\s1 nev]!less1 to give to 8 p all ! b5efits ( con/itutional gov]nm5t4 ,a fir/ /ep 0 to *oose a popul> ,m9i/]1 & ,c>d9al ,gizzi 0 call$ to ! c\nsels ( ! ,/ate4 ,?is ,c>d9al 0 belov$ at ,rome1 & n undes]v$ly4 ,:5 ,legate at ,=li1 he _h oppos$ ! e/abli%m5t ( an arbitr>y c\rt1 & ?us won = himself ! sympa?ies ( all national re=m]s4 ,8 loyalty1 s9c]ity & patriotism 7 well kn[n2 nor 0 he want+ 9 any o!r quality ( ! /atesman4 ,( a pati5t & enquir+ m9d1 he 0 incapable ( com+ ha/ily to a decision2 b1 :5 once resolv$1 he c\ld n be easily div]t$ f 8 purpose4 ,! m9i/ry ( su* a man 0 full ( promise2 b 9 ?is lay its weakness4 ,x held out hopes :i*1 9 ! /ate ( p>ties :i* at t "t prevail$1 x 0 unable to realize4 ,!re 7 two great p>ties at ,rome1 ) nei!r ( :i* ! ,gizzi m9i/ry 0 9 sympa?y4 ,!re exi/$ no p>ty ) :i* x c\ld act h>moni\sly4 ,!re 7 no re=m]s4 ,x w\ld h be5 mo/ =tunate = ,pius ,,ix4 if su* a p>ty c\ld h be5 =m$1 b ! elem5ts 7 want+4 ,! true idea ( con/itutional gov]nm5t 0 z little und]/ood 9 ,italy z 9 ! re/ ( cont95tal ,europe4 ,! only p>ty at ,rome :o desir$ *ange 7 ! ,sociali/s1 :o id5tifi$ re=m ) subv]sion1 :o d5i$ e "r1 & s\ght ! de/ruction ( all exi/+ in/itutions4 ,no wond] if1 9 pres5ce ( su* a faction1 ! ari/ocracy1 s highly cons]vative1 dread$ & oppos$ all *ange4 ,! ,sociali/s1 :il/ by ! fe> :i* !y inspir$ /r5g!n$ ! h&s ( ! cons]vative p>ty1 oppos$ & prev5t$ ! =mation ( a body ( re=m]s :o1 l ,gizzi & ,pius ,,ix41 w\ld h labor$ intellig5tly to =w>d ! cause ( re=m1 nev] los+ sight ( ! great pr9ciples ( humanity & ju/ice1 nev] sacrific+ to ,utopian !ories inali5able rights1 above all ! rights ( prop]ty--! v gr\ndwork ( ! social fabric4 ,)\t ! aid & c\nt5ance ( a body ( re=m]s1 ! able m9i/ry t n[ surr\nd$ ! ,pope f\nd x difficult to proce$4 ,!y c\ld n det]m9e = any important con/itutional *ange4 ,!y c\ld n ev5 und]take any consid]able improvem5t4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 n inactive4 ,!y /udi$ to educate ! p by improv+ & ext5d+ ! public s*ools1 & by :at 01 inde$1 an advance 9 cont95tal ,europe--e/abli%+ a p]iodical press4 ,!re 7 few cities s highly favor$ z ,rome z reg>ds ! facilities = educat+ y\?4 ,nev]!less1 !re 0 room = improvem5t1 & ,pius ,,ix4 accord+ly e/abli%$ 9 ! city a c5tral s*ool = ! in/ruction ( ! y\? ( ! op]ative classes4 ,?is 0 a s*ool ( arts & manufactures1 &1 at ! same "t1 a milit>y in/itution1 9 :i* ! pupils 7 qualifi$ to become ei!r tradesm5 or subord9ate (fic]s 9 ! army4 ,:il/ ,c>d9al ,gizzi 0 ,m9i/] _m o!r useful s*emes met ! approbation ( ! ,pontiff1 & 7 sanction$ by 8 signature4 ,n a few commissions also 7 appo9t$--"s = ! /udy ( railway communication 9 ! ,roman ,/ates1 o!rs = ! improvem5t ( bo? crim9al & civil proc$ure1 & o!rs = ! amelioration ( ! municipal sy/em & ! repression ( vagrancy4 ,rome1 s ri*ly end[$ 9 _m respects1 c\ld sc>cely be said1 z yet1 to possess a p]iodical press4 ,to e/abli% su* a press 01 = ! re=m+ m9i/ry1 a labor ( love4 ,:il/ !y 7 prep>+ a law by :i* x %\ld be call$ into exi/5ce & its lib]ty secur$ & regulat$1 ,pius ,,ix41 9 anticipation ( _! labors1 au?oriz$ ! publication ( sev]al j\rnals4 ,fir/1 came ! 8,contemporaneo10 :i* 0 foll[$ 9 due "t by ! 8,bilancia10 ! 8,italico10 ! 8,alba40 ,^! publications 7 9 sympa?y1 at fir/1 ) ! ,pontiff & 8 re=m+ m9i/ry4 ,!y advocat$ only rational re=m1 real improvem5t1 su* *anges z 7 bo? practicable & useful4 ,!y _h n yet discov]$ ! excell5ce ( ! ,sociali/ utopia4 ,_! en?usiasm & _! vivats 7 all = ! re=m] ,pope4 ,x is f> f be+ matt] ( surprise to ,ca?olic p1 at lea/1 t ! ,see ( ,rome %\ld be ! fir/ to practice ! virtues--! high morality :i* x tea*es4 ,9 reg>d to _! treatm5t ( ! ,jewi% p1 ! ,*ri/ian nations g5]ally /ood 9 ne$ ( su* an example z ,papal ,rome has always %[n 9 h] consid]ation = ! race ( ,israel4 ,! nations1 al?\gh pr(ess+ ,*ri/ianity1 h be5 any?+ b ,*ri/ian 9 _! conduct t[>ds ^! p4 ,x 0 _! idea1 "o w\ld say1 t !y 7 call$ ( heav5 to execute ju/ice on an (f5d+ race4 ,! ,popes nev] believ$ t !y or any o!r ,*ri/ians 7 entru/$ ) su* a mission4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,jews1 :5 cruelly p]secut$ 9 o!r c\ntries1 always f\nd protection & safety at ,rome "u ! w+ ( ! ,pope4 ,ev5 su* re/rictions z !y 7 subject to1 contribut$ to ma9ta9 !m 9 security & peace4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 al?\gh x 0 8 sublime mission to prea* ! ,gospel1 c\ld n always cause its precepts to be obey$4 ,if prejudice 0 aga9/ liv+ on t]ms ( *>ity ) ! ,jews1 0 x n k9d1 z well z wise & politic1 to assign to !m a qu>t] ( ! city :]e only !y %\ld dwell1 free f all int]f]5ce on ! "p ( ! re/ ( ! inhabitants8 ,pius ,,ix4 believ$ t ! "t _h come :5 a m lib]al arrangem5t might be advantage\sly adopt$4 ,9 pursuance ( ?is conviction1 he regulat$ t ! ,jews %\ld enjoy ! privilege ( e/abli%+ _! habitations :]ev] !y %\ld deem x mo/ suitable1 t !y %\ld be gov]n$ by ! same laws z ! o!r citiz5s1 & 9 no way be treat$ z a =eign p4 ,su* ( !m z /ood 9 ne$ ( assi/ance ,pius ,,ix4 admitt$ to a %>e 9 8 b5efactions1 & )\t occasion+ ! slighte/ murmur on ! "p ( 8 ,*ri/ian subjects4 ,! ,jews1 :il/ consid]$ z =eign]s 9 ,rome1 7 subject to ! cu/om ( com+ ye>ly to ! ,capitol to pay tribute4 ,) ?is cu/om ! ,holy ,fa!r g5]\sly disp5s$4 ,all ?is lib]ality & k9dness 7 highly appreciat$4 ,! ,jewi% p g5]ally beheld 9 ! wise & ,holy ,pontiff ! look$-= ,messiah4 ,! ag$ ,rabb9s1 m consid]ate1 affirm$ only t ! ,pope 0 a great prophet4 ,! *ief ( ! ,synagogue1 ,moses ,kassan1 compos$ 9 8 honor a canticle m>k$ by poetic inspiration4 ,x extols & blesses ! ,holy ,fa!r = hav+ ga!r$ toge!r 9 ! same b>que all ! *ildr5 :om ,god _h confid$ to 8 c>e 444 = hav+ snat*$ f ! contempt ( nations1 & %elt]$ "u 8 w+1 a p]secut$ p4 ,!re be+ _m ,*ri/ians ( ! ,unit$ ,greek rite ?r\gh\t ! dom9ions ( ! ,sultan1 x 0 necess>y t ! ,holy ,fa!r %\ld negotiate1 occasionally1 ) ! successor ( ,mahomet4 ,pius ,,ix4 yield$ n to any ( 8 pr$ecessors 9 zeal = ! welf>e ( all ,ca?olic p4 ,^? :o liv$ & (t5 suff]$ "u ! ,moslem yoke 71 especially1 objects ( 8 fa!rly solicitude4 ,policy _h n yet br\ght ! ,cross into ! same field ( /rife 9 union ) ! ,cresc5t1 :51 on ! #bj? ( ,febru>y1 #ahdg1 ! portals ( ! ,quir9al 7 ?r[n op5 to ! ,ambassador ( ! ,sublime ,porte4 ,to ! ,jews ! ,rome ( ,pius ,,ix4 0 z a new ,j]usalem4 ,islamism1 f its tott]+ ?rone at ,con/ant9ople1 look$ t[>ds x ) hope & rapture4 ,! arm$ protection ( ,*ri/ians 9 ! ,turki% dom9ions1 by ! great ,european ,p[]s1 01 no d\bt1 gall+ to ! ,sultan's c\rt4 ,x 01 !re=e1 ard5tly desir$1 we c readily believe1 to place ! ,*ri/ians ( ! ,levant "u ! peaceful gu>dian%ip ( ! ,roman ,pontiff4 ,! ,embassy may also h _h o!r objects 9 view4 ,be ?is z x may1 x 0 new & q extraord9>y to behold ! repres5tative ( ! prophet at ! palace ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff4 ,no wond] if all ,europe 0 mov$ to admiration4 ,! pres5tation 0 v solemn--9 ! high c]emonial ( ,ea/]n l&s4 ,*ekif ,eff5di1 ! ,turki% ,ambassador1 salut$ ! ,holy ,fa!r 9 ,ori5tal /yle1 & address$ to him a magnific5t oration1 :i* 0 ri*ly int]sp]s$ ) metaphors--! pe>ls & diamonds ( 8 c\ntry's eloqu5ce4 ,! ,sublime ,porte 0 comp>$ to ! ,que5 ( ,%eba1 & ,pius ,,ix4 to ,k+ ,solomon4 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! figures1 ! s5tim5ts express$ 9 ! spee* 7 appropriate & affect+4 ,! ,pope repli$ by assur+ ! ,ambassador t he 0 anxi\s to cultivate fri5dly relations ) ! ,sultan1 8 ma/]4 ,?ree days lat] ,*ekif ,eff5di took 8 dep>ture f ,rome1 be>+ ) him on 8 brea/1 z a ni%un 7decoration71 ! portrait ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,?is ,embassy 0 m ?an m]e %[--m ?an an int]*ange ( fri5dly s5tim5ts4 ,x enabl$ ! ,pope to adopt a measure :i* 0 calculat$ to be highly b5eficial to ! ,*ri/ians ( ! ,ea/4 ,! ,lat9 ,patri>*ate ( ,j]usalem 0 re/or$4 ,& ?us 0 accompli%$ a wond]ful revolution 9 ,european diplomacy z reg>d$ ! ,ea/]n _w4 ,at ! reque/ ( ! ,porte1 ! ,lat9 ,patri>* became b\nd to reside 9 ! city ( ,j]usalem4 ,9 ! confid5tial position :i* he held !re1 he 0 ! natural protector ( ! ,ca?olic subjects ( ! ,sultan4 ,9 addition to ! duties ( 8 sacr$ (fice1 he 01 z a consul1 appo9t$ by ! ,holy ,see to wat* ov] ! int]e/s ( religion--int]e/s z important1 surely1 z ^? ( trade & worldly policy4 ,! fir/ :om ! ,pope nam$ to ! dignity ( ,lat9 ,patri>* 0 ,monsignore ,val]go1 :o _h =m]ly be5 a mission>y at ,p>is4 ,!re appe>s to h be5 some?+ irresi/ibly attractive 9 ! "* ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,t illu/ri\s *ampion ( ,irel& & ( lib]ty1 ,daniel ,o',connell1 resolv$1 t[>ds ! close ( 8 days1 to visit ,rome & pay ! homage ( a k9dr$ _s to ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,n only 0 he anxi\s to be enri*$ ) ! *oice/ heav5ly b5$ictions1 :il/ kneel+ rev]5tly at ! %r9e ( ! ,apo/les1 b he desir$ also1 ) a f]vor :i* f9ds place only 9 ! mo/ nobly-m\ld$ s\ls1 ^: love ( lib]ty & ^: patriotism are unfeign$ & pure1 to hold communion ) "o :o 01 no less ?an himself1 a fri5d ( lib]ty1 & ^: exalt$ /ation1 & ^: high duties t[>ds mank9d at l>ge1 h9d]$ him n f labor+1 z did ,irel&'s patriot1 to lib]ate 8 c\ntry1 n1 inde$1 f su* cruel bondage z t "u :i* ! l& ( ,o',connell _h = s _m ages groan$1 b f ! no less dang]\s tyranny ( abuses :i*1 l we$s t gr[ mo/ luxuriantly 9 ! ri*e/ soil1 x becomes necess>y1 9 due season1 to extirpate4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 appo9t$ t ,irel&'s lib]ator %\ld ev] see ,rome4 ,8 illness cont9u$ to increase4 ,no soon] _h he rea*$ ! %ores ( ,italy ?an ! /r5g? ( 8 once p[]ful frame decl9$ rapidly1 & he 0 unable to proce$4 ,arriv$ at ,g5oa1 ,o',connell und]/ood t 8 la/ h\r on e>? 0 ne> at h&4 ,he n[ express$ ! wi% t 8 he>t %\ld re/ 9 ! ,holy ,city4 ,?i!r1 accord+ly1 x 0 borne by fri5dly h&s to comm+le ) ! consecrat$ du/ ( h]oes1 sa9ts & m>tyrs4 ,to ,rome x 0 a relic ( incomp>able price4 ,al?\gh cold & inanimate1 x 0 /ill eloqu5t 9 dea?1 & gr&ly emblematic ( all t he _h be5 to :om x 0 ! c5tre ( life1 & to ^: g5]\s impulses x _h s long & s fai?fully beat responsive4 ,t son ( ,o',connell :o bore 8 "n1 toge!r ) ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,miley1 ( ,dubl91 :o _h accompani$ him to ,g5oa & m9i/]$ to him 9 8 la/ h\rs1 n[ proce$$ to ,rome & s\ght ! pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,on _! arrival at ! ,quir9al1 ! halls & ante-*amb]s 7 already fill$ ) gr\ps ( p]sonages 9 e /yle ( co/ume1 f ! glitt]+ uni=m to ! c[l4 ,! travell]s1 !re=e1 mu/ wait till all ^! h _h an audi5ce4 ,b no4 ,! "n ( ,o',connell1 z if possess$ ( talismanic p[]1 caus$ !m to be at once admitt$ to ! pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,! reception 0 mo/ cordial4 8,s9ce ! happ9ess ,i _h s mu* long$ =10 said ! ,pontiff1 80 n res]v$ = me1 to behold & embrace ! h]o ( ,*ri/ianity1 let me1 at lea/1 h ! consolation to embrace 8 son40 8,z he spoke10 writes ,dr4 ,miley1 8he drew ! son ( ,o',connell to 8 bosom & embrac$ him1 n unmov$1 ) ! t5d]ness ( a fa!r & a fri5d4 ,!n1 ) an emotion :i* /irr$ our he>ts )9 u1 ?is great ,fa!r ( ! fai?ful p\r$ out 8 b5ign & lov+ s\l 9 words ( com=t1 :i* prov$ t x 0 n new to him to p\r ! balm ( heav5 into brok5 & w\nd$ he>ts40 8,8 dea?10 said ! ,pontiff1 80 bless$4 ,i h read ! lett] 9 :i* 8 la/ mom5ts 7 describ$ ) ! greate/ consolation40 ,! ,pope !n proce$$ to eulogize ! lib]ator1 z ! great *ampion ( religion & ! ,*ur*1 z ! fa!r ( 8 p & ! glory ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w4 8,h[ else10 obs]v$ ,monsignore ,cull51 late ,c>d9al ,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl91 :o 0 pres5t1 8c\ld ! ,pope h spok5 ( him ?an he has done1 ev5 if he _h be5 ! bosom fri5d ( ! lib]ator1 z well z ! ard5t admir] ( 8 c>e]40 ,nor mu/ we fail to record ! t]ms 9 :i* ! v5]able ,pontiff1 on ?is memorable occasion1 ref]r$ to ,irel&4 ,! ?\ght ( ,o',connell 0 "o ) t ( 8 native ,er94 ,dea?1 ev51 c\ld n sev] !m4 ,:il/ ! liv+ image ( grief & b]eavem5t /ood 9 8 pres5ce1 ! ,holy ,fa!r c\ld n refra9 f giv+ expression to 8 pat]nal sympa?y4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 ! c\ntry ( ,o',connell 0 n =gott54 ,writes ,dr4 ,miley3 8,:ile he spoke ( ! suff]+s ( ! ,iri%1 ( _! fidelity1 ( 8 solicitude & 8 hopes reg>d+ !m1 x 0 beautiful & impressive beyond my p[] to describe1 to obs]ve t c\nt5ance1 :i*1 l a mirror1 reflects ! *>ity1 ! compassionate c>e1 ! =titude1 ) a hundr$ o!r s5tim5ts div9e1 :i* are nev] dormant )9 8 brea/40 ,pius ,,ix41 anxi\s t due honor %\ld be done to ! memory ( ,o',connell1 gave ord]s = ! celebration ( a solemn fun]al s]vice1 & intimat$ 8 w & comm& t x %\ld be celebrat$ 9 8 "n4 8,! a*ievem5ts also ( 8 wond]ful exi/5ce ,i desire to be commemorat$ & made kn[n to ! _w0--n t ?is is necess>y1 8because10 said ! ,pontiff ) a sublime look & ge/ure1 88 gr& c>e] 0 ev] 9 ! face ( heav5--he always /ood up = legality--he _h no?+ to hide2 & x 0 ?is1 ) 8 un%ak5 fidelity & rev]5ce = religion1 t secur$ 8 triumph40 ,x is only ju/ice to ! p ( ,rome to /ate t !y vi$ ) ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 ! magnates ( _! c\ntry & ! repres5tatives ( ,european nations at ! ,holy ,city1 9 do+ honor to ! memory ( ,o',connell4 8,f ! ,campus ,m>tius10 writes ,dr4 ,miley1 8& ! ,roman ,=um1 f bo? sides ( ! ,tib]1 & f all ! sev5 hills & _! int]jac5t valleys1 ?is p1 :o gr[ up f infancy ) ! trophies ( ?irty c5turies ( greatness ar\nd !m on e h&1 assembl$ ) en?usiasm to supplicate heav5 = ! et]nal happ9ess ( ,irel&'s lib]ator1 & to exult 9 ! wond]s he _h a*iev$1 z if he _h be5 _! own40 ,! greate/ homage paid by ,rome on ?is melan*oly occasion1 0 und\bt$ly1 ! fun]al oration1 :i* 0 spok5 by ! ,bossuet ( ,italy1 ! celebrat$ prea*]1 ,fa!r ,v5tura1 ! fri5d & fell[-/ud5t ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,?is mo/ eloqu5t disc\rse 0 li/5$ to ) att5tion & delight by ! va/ congregation t _h ga!r$ r\nd ! c5otaph ( ! immortal patriot4 ,let a passage or two "h suffice to give an idea ( ! magnific5t panegyric3 8,x is1 !n1 because ^! two loves--! love ( religion & ! love ( lib]ty1 common to all good ,pr9ces1 to all great m9ds1 to all truly le>n$ m51 to all elevat$ s\ls1 to all g5]\s he>ts might be said to be p]sonifi$ 9 ,daniel ,o',connell--because 9 him !y manife/$ !mselves 9 all ! p]fection ( _! nature--9 all ! en]gy ( _! deeply-felt conviction--9 all ! pot5cy ( _! /r5g?--9 all ! spl5dor ( _! magnific5ce1 & 9 all ! glory ( _! triumph2 x is because ( all ?is t ?is s+ul> man--:o 0 born & has liv$ at su* a di/ance f ,rome--is n[ admir$1 is n[ wept = by y1 z if he _h be5 born 9 ! mid/ ( y4 ,h5ce x is t ?is great "*1 ?is sublime nature1 has awak5$ all y\r sympa?ies40 ,o',connell _h /udi$ = "s "t at ! ,college ( ,/4 ,om]1 9 ,france4 ,:at he saw & le>n$ 9 t c\ntry is ably describ$ by ! ,italian orator3 8,he saw ) 8 own eyes mon>*y compell$ to degrade itself1 & to inflict its dea?-w\nd ) its own h&2 he saw ! ?rone t base c\rti]s _h dragg$ ?r\gh ! mire defil$ by ! grip ( p>ricidal h&s1 & buri$1 fa?oms deep1 b5ea? a sea ( blood2 he saw ! be/ ( k+s expire ^u a scaffold1 ! victim n less ( o!r m5's crimes ?an ( 8 own weakness2 he saw t vice 0 hail$1 z if x 7 virtue1 wick$ness uplift$1 z if x 7 morality a!ism1 proclaim$ al\d1 z if x 7 religion2 t ! #8,goddess ( ,reason' 7or r a vile /rumpet7 0 recogniz$ z ! only ,deity1 & honor$ ) hecatombs ( human victims2 ! p decimat$ & oppress$ by cruel tyrants1 9 ! "n ( ! p2 :il/ b5ea? ! %ade ( ! tree ( lib]ty 0 in/itut$ univ]sal slav]y2 & t ! mo/ ,*ri/ian1 z well z ! mo/ civiliz$ ( all nations1 _h fall5 d[n to ! l[e/ limits ( impiety & b>b>ism4 8,n[1 ,god hav+ s dispos$ t ! "y ,o',connell %\ld be witness ( ^! ev5ts--! mo/ celebrat$ & ! mo/ in/ructive to be f\nd 9 ! annals ( hi/ory--!y s]v$ to inspire him ) ! greate/ horror = tumults & rebellion2 !y p]suad$ him t !re is no?+ m insane1 &1 at ! same "t1 m p]nici\s ?an to proclaim ! rights ( man1 9 trampl+ ^u ^? ( heav5--9 e/abli%+ lib]ty on ! ru9s ( religion--9 mak+ laws1 "u ! dictation ( passion1 or ?r\gh ! inspiration ( sacrilege--&1 f9ally1 !y conv9c$ him1 t to reg5]ate a p1 religion is omnipot5t--philosophy ( little or no avail40 ,9 allud+ to ! well-kn[n piety ( ,o',connell1 ! prea*] said3 8,:at m mov+ spectacle ?an to see ! greate/ man 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom--to see him1 :o 0 ! object ( ,irel&'s devotion1 ( ,engl&'s fe>1 & ( ! _w's admiration1 kneel+ ) ! p be=e ! alt>1 practic+ ! piety ( ! p1 ) t humble simplicity1 t recollection1 t dev\tness1 & t mode/y1 :i* sup]cili\s sci5ce & /olid pride ab&on z ?+s fit only to be foll[$ by ^? :om !y disda9 z ! p80 ,x is matt] ( notoriety t ! ,tory p>ty1 ^: dea?-knell 0 soon to be toll$1 con/antly p\r$ on ! great ,iri% ,tribune ! mo/ scurril\s abuse4 ,"o ( ! mock titles ) :i* !y honor$ him 0 t ( 8,k+ ( ! ,begg>s40 ,su* pitiful ribaldry awak5$ ! highe/ p[]s ( ! ,roman orator4 8,poor1 mis]able1 & mo/ pitiful fatuity :i*1 :ile int5d+ to mock1 actually did him honor4 ,=1 :at sov]eignty is m beautiful ?an t ^: tribute is n wrung f unwill+ fe>1 b t is a volunt>y1 love-inspir$ (f]+8 ,:at sov]eignty is m glori\s ?an t ^: sword is ! p51 & ^: only artill]y ! tongue2 ^: only c\ri]s are ! poor1 & its sole bodygu>d ! affections ( ! p8 ,:at sov]eignty m b5efic5t ?an t :i*1 f> f caus+ te>s to fl[1 dries !m2 :i*1 f> f %$d+ blood1 /an*es x2 :i*1 f> f immolat+ life1 pres]ves x2 :i*1 f> f press+ d[n ^u ! p1 elevates !m2 :i*1 f> f =g+ *a9s1 breaks !m2 & :i* always ma9ta9s ord]1 h>mony & peace1 )\t ev] inflict+ ! slighte/ aggression on lib]ty8 ,:]e is ! mon>* :o w\ld n e/eem himself happy 9 reign+ ?us8 ,( su* a sov]eignty1 we may ) tru? say :at 0 said ( ,solomon's1 t none c equal its gr&eur1 its glory & its magnific5ce40 ,s favorable an opportunity = in/ruct+ ! ,italians 0 n ?r[n away4 ,false lib]ty 0 already /rew+ _! pa? ) its m]etrici\s allurem5ts4 8,z true lib]ty diffuses ar\nd x peace & grace & calm1 s does false lib]ty dissem9ate1 :]ev] x is implant$1 t]ror1 dismay & horror4 ,! br[s ( "o are illum9at$ ) ! spl5did halo ( ord]1 & ^? ( ! o!r are cov]$ ) ! r$ cap ( an>*y4 ,"o holds 9 h] h& ! olive-bran* ( peace2 ! o!r waves ! tor* ( discord4 ,"o is array$ 9 robes :ite z ^? ( innoc5ce1 & ! o!r is envelop$ 9 ! d>k1 blood-/a9$ mantle ( guilt4 ,"o is ! prop ( ?rones2 ! o!r a yawn+ abyss b5ea? !m4 ,"o is ! glory & ! happ9ess ( nations2 ! o!r _! disgrace & _! puni%m5t4 ,! latt] bur/s out ( hell z if x 7 a poison\s bla/ issu+ f ! jaws ( ! devil himself2 :il/ true lib]ty desc5ds sweetly & g5tly ^u ! e>?1 z if ! _s ( ,god _h s5t x d[n to u a holy & bless$ ?+ f heav54 ,ubi spiritus ,dom9i ibi ,lib]tas40 ,none w be surpris$ to le>n t on he>+ ^! s+ul>ly eloqu5t words1 ! imm5se auditory c\ld no long] control _! emotions4 ,a g5]al murmur ( approbation 0 he>d ?r\gh\t ! va/ temple & 0 break+ out into l\d applause1 :5 ! prea*]1 m9dful ( ! rev]5ce due to ! holy place1 made ha/e to repress x4 ,?is great demon/ration may well be consid]$ z ! be/ te/imony t c\ld be giv5 z to ! real s5tim5ts ( ! ,italian p4 ,!y 7 n ignorant ( ! nature ( t lib]ty = :i* ,o',connell _h s long & successfully cont5d$4 ,nor 7 !y "u any errone\s impression z to :at ! gift$ prea*] meant :5 he extoll$ 9 su* gl[+ t]ms t true lib]ty :i* is ! glory1 at once1 & ! be/ security ( nations4 ,if1 a little lat]1 !y pursu$ ! phantom in/ead ( ! reality1 x mu/ be consid]$ t1 z yet1 !y _h no political education or exp]i5ce1 & t no high-pr9cipl$ ,tribune1 l ,o',connell1 /ood =w>d to lead !m4 ,all :o aspir$ to guide !m1 & :o won _! confid5ce1 7 ta9t$ ) ! doctr9es ( ! ,sociali/ p>ty1 ^: ideas ( gov]nm5t & lib]ty 7 utt]ly utopian4 ,if x c\ld be said t public rejoic+s af=d$ any assi/ance to ! ,pope1 9 8 labors z ! head ( ! ,roman ,/ate1 he 0 n left )\t aid 9 8 great und]tak+s4 ,su* ?+s1 h[ev]1 r h9d]$ ?an promot$ 8 endeavors4 ,8 p _h1 s to say1 comm5c$1 "u 8 auspices1 a long & labori\s j\rney4 ,!re 0 no "t = m]e pleasure & amusem5t4 ,nev]!less1 :5ev] a new sc5e or l&scape op5$ to _! view1 !y /opp$ to rejoice1 & gave !mselves up1 )\t control1 to ! intoxication ( delight4 ,9 s do+ !y laid !mselves op5 to ! sn>es & attacks ( _m secret enemies1 :o avail$ !mselves ( _! frequ5t ga!r+s to s[ ! se$s ( discord & corrupt _! m9ds ) false political doctr9es4 ,f> bett] w\ld x h be5 if !y _h left to ! ,sov]eign 9 :om1 at fir/1 !y plac$ unb\nd$ confid5ce1 & ! wise ,m9i/]s :om he call$ to 8 c\nsels1 ! c>e ( =w>d+ ! cause ( re=m4 ,x _h be5 mo/ b5evol5tly & successfully begun1 & 0 proce$+1 9 ! e/imation ( all b an impati5t p1 ) rapidity :i* _h no p>allel 9 ! hi/ory ( nations4 ,! p1 by assembl+ tumultu\sly on occasion ( e popul> measure1 no d\bt meant no m at fir/ ?an to %[ gratitude & affection to _! pa/or & pr9ce4 ,su* meet+s1 h[ev]1 7 n )\t dang] to ! cause ( re=m4 ,! political enemies ( ! ,pope easily =esaw t1 by 8 wise & popul> improvem5ts 9 ! ,/ate1 he w\ld c]ta9ly secure to himself a peaceful1 /rong & glori\s reign4 ,s1 lay+ hold ( ! g5]al en?usiasm1 !y tra9$ & discipl9$ to _! w a p :o 7 naturally good & unsuspect+4 ,^! m5 came at l5g? to give ! wat*word1 &1 accord+ to _! wi%es & ! views :i* x suit$ !m to ins9uate into ! popul> m9d1 ! un$ucat$ & fickle multitude express$ satisfaction or discont5t1 z !y defil$ 9 impos+ masses be=e ! mansion ( ! ,pontiff4 ,?us 0 =m$ a sort ( gov]nm5t out ( doors1 :i*1 if x did n yet oppose or appe> to oppose at lea/1 p[]fully sway$ ! (ficial au?ority4 ,c>d9al ,gizzi1 ^: m9i/ry 0 s popul>1 deem$ x necess>y to require by proclamation t ^! noisy demon/rations %\ld cease4 ,x 0 too late4 ,! p1 defy+ ! ,c>d9al's m&ate1 ha/5$ 9 cr[ds to ! ,quir9al1 salut$1 z usual1 ! ,pope ) en?usia/ic vivats1 express+1 at ! same "t1 _! dete/ation ( 8 m9i/ry1 :i* !y 7 wont to applaud s l\dly1 & :i*1 if x _h n by any great activity done mu* to acquire1 _h c]ta9ly done no?+ to =feit _! favor4 8,viva ,pio ,nono6 ,pio ,nono ,solo60 0 n[ _! cry4 ,! ,pope himself next came to be consid]$ z intol]ably dilatory 9 prep>+ measures ( re=m4 ,nor did he escape ! accusation1 at ! same "t1 ( sacrific+ to 8 zeal1 z a temporal rul]1 ! high] duties :i* he ow$ to religion & ! ,*ur*4 ,accord+ to "o set ( revil]s1 he 0 break+ ) inviolable tradition4 ,o!rs insi/$ t s en?usia/ic a re=m] ( ! ,/ate mu/ be a revolutioni/ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,su* attacks 7 met by anticipation 9 ! ,encyclical ( #i? ,novemb]1 #ahdf4 ,?is well-kn[n docum5t 0 receiv$ ) applause by ! civiliz$ _w4 ,x leaves no gr\nd = ! *>ges 9 "q4 ,x w\ld only de/roy ! ,*ur* to pret5d to re=m its dogma & revolutionize its discipl9e & gov]nm5t4 ,su* an idea c\ld proce$ f no o!r s\rce ?an ! /ratagems ( unbelief1 or f ! sn>es ( ! wolf1 :o1 9 %eep's clo?+1 seeks to ins9uate himself into ! fold4 ,x is no?+ %ort ( sacrilege to hold t religion is susceptible ( progress or improvem5t1 z if x 7 a philosophical discov]y1 :i* c\ld advance ) ! m>* ( sci5ce4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r enum]ates also 9 ?is ,encyclical ! pr9cipal gr\nds ( fai?1 & exhorts all bi%ops to oppose ) all _! zeal & le>n+ ^? :o1 alleg+ progress z _! motive1 p]v]sely endeavor to de/roy religion by subject+ x to e man's individual judgm5t4 ,he condemns indiff]5ce z reg>ds religion1 eloqu5tly def5ds ecclesia/ical celibacy1 &1 m9dful t ! ,*ur* is ! tea*] ( ! great z well z ( ! humble1 he en=ces ! obligations ( sov]eigns t[>ds _! subjects1 n =gett+ ! fulfilm5t ( all ! duties :i* ! p owe to _! rul]s4 ,9 a =m] ,encyclical1 ,pius ,,ix4 _h express$ 8 pr$ilection = ! religi\s ord]s4 ,?is expression 0 n[ r5ew$4 ,"t may h int]f]$1 m or less1 ) _! discipl9e4 ,anxi\s to pres]ve !m & promote _! prosp]ity1 he 0 ev] will+ to correct su* abuses z may h exi/$4 ,to "s communities he (f]$ ! mo/ admirable sugge/ions4 ,o!rs he honor$ ) p]sonal visits1 ev9c+ always a truly pa/oral zeal = ! well-be+ ( in/itutions s preci\s to religion4 ,pius ,,ix41 al?\gh deeply occupi$ ) affairs ( ,/ate t w\ld h comm&$ all ! att5tion & en]gy ( any ord9>y m9d1 f\nd "t1 nev]!less1 = ! dis*>ge ( duties ( a /ill high] ord]4 ,he nev] =got t he 0 ! ,bi%op z well z ! ,sov]eign ( ,rome4 ,! ,romans1 al?\gh inhabit+ ! ,holy ,city1 l all o!r p1 /ood 9 ne$ ( ! in/ructions & w>n+s ( religion4 ,! ,pope 0 aw>e1 besides1 t bad habits prevail$1 su* z pr(ane swe>+1 luxuri\s liv+1 ! neglect ( p>5ts 9 ! tra9+ ( _! *ildr54 ,! k ( su* ?+s griev$ him exce$+ly4 ,he n[ resolv$ to h rec\rse to a measure :i* 0 z /rik+ z x 0 unexpect$4 ,9 ! try+ days ( ! ,crusad]s1 & mov$ by _! zeal = ! safety ( ,*ri/5dom1 ! ,popes ( an e>li] "t _h address$1 z ! m9i/]s ( ,god1 imm5se public assemblages4 ,no ,pope1 h[ev]1 _h appe>$ 9 ! pulpit s9ce ,gregory ,,vii4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,&rew1 :]e ! eloqu5t ,fa!r ,v5tura 0 accu/om$ to prea*1 0 select$1 b1 le/ !re %\ld be too great a cr[d1 no notice ( ! ,pope's int5tion 0 publi%$4 ,at half-pa/ ?ree o'clock on a ,sunday aft]noon1 j z ! congregation 7 expect+ to see ,abbate ,v5tura ent] ! *ur*1 ! ,pope himself made 8 appe>ance4 ,! s]mon 0 n a long "o2 b x 0 memorable1 & to be long rememb]$4 8,9 ?is city10 said ! ,holy ,fa!r1 8:i* is ! c5tre ( ,ca?olicity1 !re are m5 :o insult ! holy "n ( ,god by pr(ane & blasphem\s language4 ,on all ^? :o n[ he> me ,i lay ?is *>ge3 publi% ev]y:]e t ,i h no hope = su* m54 ,!y ca/ 9 ! face ( ,heav5 ! /one :i* w1 "o day1 recoil ^u !m & cru% !m4 ,i w\ld also mo/ e>ne/ly exhort y z reg>ds ! duty ( fa/+4 ,_m fa!rs & mo!rs come to me 9 ord] to imp>t to me ! sorr[ :i* !y exp]i5ce 9 consid]+ ! melan*oly fact :i* _c escape _! obs]vation1 t ! demon ( uncleanness ex]cises a de/ructive empire ov] ! y\? ( ,rome4 ,our ,"l ,himself 9 ! ,holy ,gospel assures u t1 by no o!r means ?an pray] & fa/+1 is x possible to ov]come ?is demon :o poisons ! s\rces ( life & works ! ru9 ( immortal s\ls40 ,! s]mon1 al?\gh comp>atively %ort1 spoke ( ! *ief obligations ( a ,*ri/ian life4 ,x 0 deliv]$ ) great unction1 & ! ,holy ,fa!r conclud$ ) a f]v5t pray] = ,rome & ! ,roman ,/ate4 8,look d[n ^u ?is v9e1 ,o ,"l1 :i* ,?y "r h& ha? plant$6 ,look ^u x 9 m]cy1 & remove f x ! h& ( iron :i* weighs s heavily ^u x4 ,p\r into ! bosoms ( ! ris+ g5]ations ^? two mo/ preci\s attributes ( y\?1--mode/y & a tea*able m9d4 ,li/5 to my pray]1 ,o ,"l1 & be/[ ^u ?is congregation1 on ?is city & all p1 ,?y mo/ preci\s bless+s40 ,appropriate ge/iculations add$ to ! p[] ( words4 ,ano!r influ5ce1 also1 came 9 aid1--an influ5ce peculi> to ,pius ,,ix41--t indescribable expression ( goodness :i* light$ up 8 c\nt5ance z he spoke4 ,! p1 ^: feel+s are naturally f9e1 7 mov$ ev5 to te>s & sighs4 ,! occasion itself 0 well calculat$ to move ! m9ds ( a ,ca?olic audi5ce4 ,x 0 an elem5t1 no d\bt1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! eloqu5ce ( ! prea*]1 & ! p[] ( apo/olic prea*+1 c\ld n fail to produce a pr(\nd impression4 ,&1 inde$1 ! :ole congregation 7 fill$ ) en?usiasm4 ,:il/ ?us f9d+ consolation 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 sublime m9i/ry1 ! b5evol5t ,pontiff 0 de/9$ to enc\nt] =midable attacks on ! "p ( political oppon5ts4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! ultra-,cons]vatives1 :o held 9 abom9ation ! m]e idea ( re=m1 endeavor$ by e means to conf\nd 9 ! popul> m9d ! b5eficial measures :i* ! ,pope 0 introduc+ into ! economy ( ! ,/ate1 ) radical *anges 9 ! mo/ ess5tial po9ts ( religion itself4 ,! ,sociali/s1 on ! o!r h&1 /udi$ to excite ! p & increase _! impati5ce by misrepres5t+ all ! acts ( ! m9i/ry1 & caus+ x to be believ$ t1 by ! delay :i* 0 unavoidable 9 labors ( su* magnitude & importance1 !y 7 only abus+ ! confid5ce ( ! sov]eign & betray+ ! cause ( re=m4 ,"s rema9s ( *ivalry might h be5 expect$ 9 ! ranks ( ! high ,cons]vative p>ty4 ,b1 alas6 too truly ! age ( *ivalry 0 gone1 & ^! /ickl]s = ! usages ( a bygone age1 only %[$ by _! modes ( proce$+ t !y clung to an empty & inanimate =m ( ?+s f :i* life & sub/ance _h dep>t$4 ,z 0 relat$ at ! "t1 !y /epp$ d[n to ! dep?s ( calumny & publi%$ a cruel libel1 9 :i* ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 held up to ! scorn ( all "r-?9k+ m5 z an 8intrud]10 8an enemy ( ,religion10 8! *ief ( ,"y ,italy40 ,9 ! e/imation ( su* m5 discretion is ! bett] "p ( valor4 ,b :il/ !y f\ght ) ! c[>d's weapon--sl&]--!y c\ld n :olly escape detection4 ,_! libel 0 seiz$ 9 ! h&s ( a colporteur4 ,?is wret*$ man (f]$ to disclose ! names ( ! libell]s4 ,pius ,,ix4 decl9$ 8 (f]1 g5]\sly =gave him ! (f5ce1 & ev5 be/[$ ^u him a sum ( money 9 ord] to induce him & enable him to give up 8 nef>i\s trade4 ,mean:ile1 !re 0 at ,rome a /ill m num]\s body :o su/a9$ ! policy ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,^! fri5ds ( ord]1 x is mo/ pleas+ to record1 made e ef=t to aid him 9 c>ry+ out ! measures ( re=m :i* he contemplat$4 ,?is influ5tial body ( fai?ful & patriotic citiz5s1 :o c nev] be suffici5tly prais$1 organiz$ a consid]able =ce :i* kept ! populace 9 *eck4 ,?is p>ty consi/$1 *iefly1 ( ! burgh]s ( ,rome4 ,!y 7 enc\rag$ & head$ by ! high] nobles1 su* z ! ,borghese1 ! ,rospigliosi1 ! ,riguano1 ! ,piomb9o1 & ! ,aldobr&9i4 ,act+ z a noble gu>d1 !y 7 able to pres]ve ord] 9 ! city1 :51 on occasion ( celebrat+ ! memorable amne/y1 x 0 s]i\sly ?reat5$ by ! factions4 ,!y 71 inde$1 a p>ty ( re=m1 ord]-lov+ & law-abid+4 ,x c nev] be suffici5tly regrett$ t1 unaccu/om$ z !y 7 to political turmoil1 !y knew n h[ to keep _! gr\nd 9 ! face ( new dang]s :i* arose s soon4 ,! heal? ( ,c>d9al ,gizzi _h begun to decl9e4 ,! toils ( (fice 7 n calculat$ to improve x1 & s he rel9qui%$ a po/ :i* 01 e day1 becom+ m on]\s & difficult4 ,!re 0 ano!r ,c>d9al ^: high "* _h ende>$ him to ! ,romans4 ,ability & le>n+ 7 n 8 only qualities4 ,he 0 en]getic & resolute1 fai?ful1 /raight=w>d & self-sacrific+4 ,:5 ! dread sc\rge ( *ol]a swept ov] 8 episcopal city & impov]i%$ 8 p1 ,c>d9al ,f]retti gave up = ! relief ( ! suff]]s all t he possess$--money1 clo?+1 plate1 furniture1 & rema9$ 9 8 empty ,palace1 z de/itute z a paup]4 ,to ?is em95t ,c>d9al ,pius ,,ix4 appeal$1 (f]+ him ! high (fice :i* ,gizzi c\ld no long] hold4 ,on #bf? ,july1 #ahdg1 ! new ,*ief ,m9i/] arriv$ at ,rome4 ,he 0 w>mly receiv$4 ,! citiz5s gave him an ovation4 ,%ortly be=e 8 arrival1 news _h come to ,rome t ,au/rian troops 7 m>*+ on ,f]r>a1 a city ( ! ,papal ,/ates4 ,!y 71 inde$1 entitl$1 by ! treaty ( #ahae1 to occupy ?is =tress1 z well z t ( ,cama*io4 ,!y c\ld urge no bett] excuse = a display ( milit>y p[] 9 ! ,pope's ,/ates on occasion ( ! ?reat5$ di/urbance ( #af? ,july4 ,?is p>ade 0 only ! prelude to fur!r milit>y op]ations4 ,on #ac? ,augu/1 ,g5]al ,c\nt ,auesp]g occupi$ all ! po/s ( ,f]r>a4 ,:atev] may be said z to treaty rights1 ?is 01 und\bt$ly1 an insult to ! ,papal flag4 ,! mo/ en]getic remon/rances 7 imm$iately address$ to ! ,cab9et ( ,vi5na4 ,au/ria endeavor$ to ju/ify h] proce$+ by a wide int]pretation ( ! "r ( occupation1 by alleg+ ! di/urb$ /ate ( ! public m9d at ,rome1 & by insi/+ on c]ta9 prec$5ts4 ,b to no purpose4 ,! diplomacy ( ,f]retti cont5d$ successfully ) t ( ,mett]ni*4 ,& ,au/ria1 yield+ ) ! be/ grace possible to ! repres5tations ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 evacuat$ ,f]r>a4 ,! ,pope1 f> f all[+ himself to be disquiet$ by ! pres5ce 9 8 ,/ates ( ,croat troops1 proce$$ ) ! "w ( re=m :i* he _h und]tak51 sl[ly1 inde$1 b ) en]gy & p]sev]ance4 ,9 ^! labors ( ! /atesman1 he 0 ably aid$ by ! ,c>d9al ,m9i/] ,f]retti4 ,a promise 0 giv5 t be=e ! end ( ! ye> two great political & adm9i/rative in/itutions w\ld be call$ into exi/5ce4 ,accord+ly1 s e>ly z ! mon? ( ,octob]1 two ,/ate pap]s appe>$1 ! "o in/itut+ ! municipality ( ,rome1 :i* 0 to be call$ ! ,s5ate1 ! o!r decree+ an assembly t %\ld be1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 repres5tative1 "u ! "n ( ,c\ncil ( ,/ate 7consulta74 ,! ,city ( ,rome _h n1 = a long "t1 possess$1 l ! o!r cities ( ! ,pontifical ,/ates1 municipal in/itutions4 ,x 0 n[ orda9$ t !re %\ld be a ,city ,c\ncil1 consi/+ ( ! mayor 79 ! language ( ! c\ntry1 ,s5ator71 ) eight colleagues & a hundr$ o!r memb]s4 ,?is is n unlike our own municipal magi/racy1 :]e9 are ! mayor1 ald]m5 & common c\ncilm5 or c\ncillors4 ,) u1 h[ev]1 ald]m5 c\ld h>dly be call$ ! colleagues ( ! mayor4 ,?is function>y /&s alone 9 8 wor%ipful dignity4 ,! fir/ nom9ation ( ! memb]s ( ?is municipal body 0 res]v$ to ! ,pope4 ,b x 0 appo9t$ t1 ev] aft]1 x %\ld be *os5 by free popul> election4 ,none w "q ! wisdom & lib]ality ( ! language 9 :i* ! ,pope express$ himself 9 ! preamble to ! new law4 8,:5 we 7 call$ by ,div9e ,provid5ce to gov]n ! ,*ur* & ! ,/ate1 our pat]nal solicitude 0 at once direct$ to e portion ( ! ,dom9ion subject$ to our ,gov]nm5t1 b especially t[>ds ! capital1 ! *ief ( all our cities1 to :i* x is consol+ = u to devote our wat*+s & our labors4 ,:at 01 above all1 important1 & :at we ?9k w be a subject ( joy to all1 is ! re/oration to ?is belov$ city ( its anci5t glory ( communal repres5tation1 by grant+ to x a delib]ative c\ncil4 ,! /udy ( ?is project has be5 p>ticul>ly pleas+ to u1 & we h n all[$ ourselves to be disc\rag$ by any difficulty40 ,?is important decree 0 publi%$ on ! #bnd day ( ,octob]1 #ahdg4 ,on ! foll[+ day !re 0 a national fe/ival4 ,! p 7 9 raptures1 & l\dly demon/rat$ _! gratitude to ! ,holy ,fa!r = an in/itution :i* recall$ ! glori\s associations ( anci5t ,rome1 & re/or$ x to its place & rank among mod]n cities4 ,! ,c>d9al-pr9ce ,alti]i 0 nam$ presid5t4 ,he op5$ ! fir/ session ( ! municipal c\ncil by a spee* :i* 0 m>k$ by ! homage paid !re9 to ,pius ,,ix4 8,he consid]$ n10 said ! orator1 8:e!r ! "w be difficult4 ,he sees its utility & hesitates n40 ,! c\ncil almo/ unanim\sly elect$ to ! po/ ( ,s5ator 7,mayor7 ,pr9ce ,cors9i1 :o 01 at t "t1 devot$ to ! policy ( ! re=m+ ,pontiff4 ,a measure ( m g5]al importance n[ occupi$ ! att5tion ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff & 8 ,m9i/]s4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,/ate 7consulta7 0 e/abli%$4 ,x 0 a delib]ative assembly4 ,x 0 n sov]eign1 b possess$ ! "r to advise ! ,sov]eign4 ,!re 7 tw5ty-f\r c\ncillors4 ,! ,presid5t 0 a ,c>d9al ,legate4 ,ea* c\ncillor 0 *os5 by ! ,pope f a li/ ( ?ree c&idates pres5t$ by ea* ,prov9ce ( ! ,pontifical ,/ates4 ,! ,c\ncil 0 divid$ into f\r sections1 ^: (fice x 0 to prep>e laws relat+ to ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,f9ance1 ,home ,affairs1 ,public ,works & ,ju/ice4 ,x 0 ! duty also ( ^! f\r ,committees to hold a g5]al meet+ on c]ta9 days1 9 ord] to take c\nsel toge!r on ! draughts ( propos$ laws :i* !y _h sep>ately prep>$4 ,on ! #be? ,novemb]1 #ahdg1 ! ,national ,repres5tatives met = ! fir/ "t4 ,_! place ( meet+ 0 ! ?rone-room ( ! ,quir9al ,palace4 ,c>d9al ,antonelli 0 ! fir/ ,presid5t4 ,! proce$+s 7 comm5c$1 & mo/ appropriately1 by a respectful address to ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,x 0 well kn[n to ,pius ,,ix4 t ! creation ( ?is in/itution _h awak5$ exagg]at$ & premature hopes 9 ! m9ds ( a portion ( ! p1 & t "s ( ! ,deputies 7 n dis9cl9$ to enc\rage !m4 ,s he consid]$ x necess>y1 9 8 reply1 to def9e1 9 a v decid$ mann]1 ! true "* & functions ( ! ,national ,repres5tative ,body4 8,x is *iefly10 said he1 89 ord] t ,i may become bett] acqua9t$ ) ! wants ( my p1 & t ,i may bett] provide = ! exig5cies ( ! ,/ate1 t ,i h call$ y toge!r4 ,i am prep>$1 9 "t1 to d ev]y?+1 )\t1 h[ev]1 dim9i%+ ! ,sov]eignty ( ! ,pontificate4 ,t man w\ld be griev\sly mi/ak5 :o %\ld behold 9 ! functions :i* devolve on y1 or 9 y\r in/itution itself1 8 own ,utopias1 or ! comm5cem5t ( any?+ incompatible ) ! ,pontifical ,sov]eignty40 ,9 conclud+1 he spoke 9 a /ill m det]m9$ tone1 & reproa*$ 8 p ) ! +ratitude :i* !y _h already begun to manife/4 8,!re are "s p]sons :o1 hav+ no?+ to lose1 wi% = disord] & insurrection1 & g s f> z to make a bad use ev5 ( our concessions40 ,!re 0 9 ?is ,c\ncil a comm5cem5t ( repres5tative gov]nm5t4 ,deputies f ! ,prov9ces assembl$--delib]at$4 ,!y he>d a ,spee* f ! ,?rone4 ,!y pres5t$ an address 9 reply4 ,9 due "t ?is g]m ( con/itutional mon>*y w\ld be develop$4 ,b ! ,sov]eign w\ld n proce$ ra%ly4 ,! full measure ( re=m1 he 0 well aw>e1 mu/1 l all great works1 be ! fruit ( "t1 ( mu* labor & pati5t consid]ation4 ,c\nt ,rossi1 ! ,fr5* ,ambassador1 consid]$ t x 0 already "t to introduce a lay elem5t into ! political adm9i/ration ( ! ,papal ,/ates4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 accord+ly1 aft] due consid]ation1 appo9t$ "s di/+ui%$ laym5 to ! ,m9i/ry4 ,9 s do+1 no d\bt1 he sacrific$ "t-honor$ usage2 b n s mu* to ! wi%es ( 8 fri5ds & allies1 z to ! _s ( ! age1 :i*1 :e!r "r or wrong1 w h m5 ( ! _w to deal ) ! _w4 ,italy1 al?\gh divid$ into sev]al ,/ates1 look$ to ,rome z its c5tre & its capital4 ,:atev] occurr$ 9 ! city ( ! ,popes 0 at once kn[n ?r\gh\t ! :ole p59sula4 ,su* important & unlook$-= measures ( re=m z 7 n[ c>ri$ into effect c\ld n fail1 z !y 7 communicat$1 to affect deeply ! ,italian m9d4 ,public op9ion 0 ar\s$4 ,! mo/ pr(\nd sympa?y 0 ev]y:]e felt & express$4 ,lib]ty _h reviv$ "u ! auspices ( ,religion4 ,x _h emanat$ z a new bless+ f ! ,cross4 ,! ,*ief ( ,religion1 ! ,fa!r ( ! ,fai?ful1 _h become its ,high ,prie/4 ,8 "n 0 held 9 b5$iction4 ,8 praises 7 proclaim$ n only by ! ,italian p1 b also by e civiliz$ nation4 ,x 0 no long] viol5ce--no long] insurrection--t cont5d$ = lib]ty4 ,! greate/ ( all sov]eigns _h ann\nc$ its reign4 ,x 0 n indebt$ to any secret society4 ,x reli$ ^u society at l>ge4 ,x re/$ secure1 s m5 believ$1 on ! firm f\ndation ( enlight5$ public op9ion4 ,philosophy1 z repres5t$ by ,m4 ,c\s91 hail$ its adv5t4 ,! /atesman%ip ( ,france1 head$ by ,m4 ,?i]s1 extoll$ its *ampion4 ,prote/antism1 =gett+ its illib]al prejudices1 re-e*o$ ) en?usiasm ! w>m vivats ( re=m$ ,italy4 ,pius ,,ix41 mean:ile1 enjoy$ 8 rew>d1--n 9 ! flatt]+ e*o ( ! ?\s& voices :i* s\nd$ 8 praise1 b 9 ! "o /ill voice ( approv+ consci5ce4 ,he 0 consol$1 moreov]1 by a pr(\nd conviction t ! cause :i* he _h tak5 9 h& w\ld1 "o day1 prove triumphant4 ,) e new concession came ! desire = fur!r *ange4 ,! p g5]ally 7 satisfi$1 ev5 grateful1 & !y frequ5tly express$ _! gratitude 9 ! mo/ s9c]e & en?usia/ic mann]4 ,!y 7 n1 h[ev]1 all s9c]e4 ,!re 7 n want+ ^? :o /udi$ only to make available = _! own ends ! tumultu\s ga!r+s & w>m expressions ( satisfaction 9 :i* ! p s (t5 indulg$4 ,?is 0 ! ,sociali/ faction4 ,x aim$ at no?+ less ?an to e/abli% a ,republic--a ,republic1 "o & undivid$1 or1 z x has be5 call$1 because ( its cruel & blood-?ir/y "*1 ! ,r$ ,republic4 ,) a view to ! e/abli%m5t ( su* a ,republic1 ! m5 ( ?is p>ty took advantage ( ! num]\s assemblages1 :i* c\ld n n[ ei!r be regulat$ or dim9i%$ 9 numb]1 to ga9 new fri5ds1 to increase popul> excitem5t1 & s to discipl9e x z to br+ x1 ?r\gh "s favorite demagogues1 "u _! control4 ,x w %ortly be se5 ) :at a dang]\s weapon !y 7 arm+ !mselves4 ,x c sc>cely be d\bt$ t b = ! ma*9ations ( ^! factioni/s & _! influ5ce ) ! masses1 :i* 0 e day increas+1 ,pius ,,ix4 w\ld h succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ a sy/em ( gov]nm5t z con/itutional & z free z 0 at all compatible ) 8 own rights z sov]eign4 ,^! rights he 0 n at lib]ty to ab&on4 ,no great] measure ( political fre$om c\ld be reasonably desir$ by any p4 ,f all hi/ory x is manife/ t lib]ty is z fully enjoy$1 & e/abli%$ on a m secure & p]man5t basis1 "u ! fo/]+ auspices ( a con/itutional mon>*y1 ?an 9 ! be/ regulat$ republics4 ,su* a =m ( gov]nm5t may inde$ be said to be m republican ?an mon>*ical4 ,b al?\gh possess+ _m prop]ties1 & all ! popul> advantages ( a ,republic1 x does n cease to be a mon>*y4 ,! k+ly dignity /ill rema9s ) all t app]ta9s to x1 & is an ess5tial elem5t ( its con/itution4 ,su* 0 ! mon>*y t ,pius ,,ix4 desir$ to reta91 & :i* he 0 b\nd 9 consci5ce1 he believ$1 nev] to rel9qui%4 ,t 9 ?is he 0 s9c]e 8 high "* be>s witness4 ,nev] 0 !re a less selfi% sov]eign1 or a man ( m upright m9d & s\nd] judgm5t4 ,no pr9ce ev] held less to pr]ogative4 ,ess5tial rights he 0 firmly resolv$ to ma9ta91 :il/ he nev] w\ld h %runk f any legitimate concession4 ,:atev] 0 adapt$ to ! "t & ! circum/ances ( 8 c\ntry1 useful to 8 p1 & con=mable to a well-in=m$ & s\nd public op9ion1 he 0 prep>$ to introduce into ! economy ( ! ,/ate4 ,b1 ! complete secul>ization ( public p[] 9 ! ,pontifical ,/ates1 9 o!r words1 ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,republic bas$ on anti-,*ri/ian pr9ciples1--! ,r$ ,republic1--c\ld nev] = a mom5t be contemplat$4 ,:at may be call$ ! consultative ,gov]nm5t _h j ent]$ ^u ! dis*>ge ( its duties1 :5 ,pius ,,ix4 resolv$ to r5d] x completely repres5tative4 ,?is important resolution 0 ! subject ( frequ5t conv]sations ) ,m4 ,rossi1 at ! "t ambassador at ,rome ( ! ,fr5* con/itutional mon>*y4 ,m4 ,rossi wrote z foll[s1 to 8 gov]nm5t1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahdh3 8,x is a problem :i*1 aft] mu* reflection1 ,i consid] may be solv$4 ,! divisions ( sov]eignty 9 ! _w h be5 num]\s & div]se4 ,& z !y la/$ = ages1 we might ev5 try "o m1 beg9n+ by sep>at+ entirely ! temporal f ! spiritual--! ,pope f ! ,k+4 ,only x w\ld be necess>y to leave :olly to ! spiritual1 & ! cl]gy1 matt]s :i* ) u are mix$40 ,n _m days lat]1 ! ambassador imp>t$ to 8 gov]nm5t ?is m decid$ intellig5ce3 8,! ,pope w %ortly grant ! con/itution4 ,x is 8 s]i\s & con/ant /udy40 ,m4 ,rossi e>ne/ly recomm5d$ t !re %\ld be no delay 9 adopt+ ?is important measure4 ,x w\ld1 he conceiv$1 put an end to agitation1--a mo/ desirable result1 surely1 :5 x is consid]$ h[ fatal to ! cause ( lib]ty & re=m might any day become ! too frequ5t tumultu\s assemblages :i*1 once con/itutional gov]nm5t 0 e/abli%$1 w\ld necess>ily cease4 ,! ,pope held ! same idea z ! em95t diplomati/4 ,! great idea 0 z yet1 h[ev]1 f> f be+ realiz$4 ,a new & mo/ s]i\s difficulty unexpect$ly arose4 ,on ! #e? ( ,m>*1 #ahdh1 a c\ri] arriv$1 be>+ ! />tl+ intellig5ce t ! con/itutional mon>*y ( ,france _h fall51 & t a ,republic 0 e/abli%$ at ,p>is4 ,no great] mis=tune c\ld h befall5 ,rome4 ,! public excitem5t 0 increas$ beyond measure1 & exagg]at$ hopes 7 enk9dl$ t c\ld nev] be fulfill$4 ,! p1 at fir/ en?usia/ic only1 7 n[ turbul5t4 ,! ev5ts 9 ,france ex]cis$ a /ill m fatal influ5ce4 ,!y caus$ an>*y to prevail4 ,! extreme or ,sociali/ ,republicans1 :om ! proclamation ( ! con/itution w\ld h p>alyz$1 7 n[ 9 ! asc5dant4 ,:at _h be5 done at ,p>is1 !y conceiv$1 might be done at ,rome4 ,& !y induc$ ! inexp]i5c$ multitude to %>e _! conviction4 ,su* belief 0 only an idle & a culpable dream4 ,= surely x c\ld n be guiltless to resolve on sacrific+ ?\s&s on ?\s&s ( preci\s lives = an ,utopia1--a sy/em t c\ld nev] be realiz$4 ,ev5ts h %[n t 9 ,france itself1 :i* 0 entirely free to make :atev] political arrangem5t x pleas$1 a ,republic 0 n possible1 ev5 su* a ,republic z 0 e/abli%$ at ! d[nfall ( ! citiz5 mon>*y1 9 pref]5ce to ! ,r$ ,republic4 ,h[1 !n1 %\ld x be possible to build up at ,rome an extreme sy/em 9 opposition to ! views & wi%es ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w1--9 opposition ev5 to ! p ( ,rome !mselves1 :o1 :5 free f undue excitem5t1 7 ! loyal support]s ( ! sov]eign :o _h already introduc$ into ! economy ( ! ,/ate s _m lib]al in/itutions--in/itutions t 7 9 p]fect h>mony ) _! ideas1 & admirably adapt$ to ! exig5cies ( ! times8 ,!re 0 no ne$1 z yet1 t ! ,ca?olic nations %\ld come to ! aid ( _! ,*ief4 ,x 0 necess>y only to appeal1 9 def5ce ( 8 sov]eignty1 f ,rome drunk to ,rome sob]1--f ,rome intoxicat$ ) unwont$ draughts ( lib]ty to ,rome 9 its normal /ate--to ,rome1 cool1 & calm1 & intellectual1 ev5 z 9 ! days ( h] anci5t glory1 :5 h] sages & grave s5ators sat by h] gates sorr[+ b dignifi$ 9 _! defeat4 ,) ! l c\nt5ance ought mod]n ,rome to h met ! tide ( ,sociali/ invasion1 :i* e successive endeavor to e/abli% ! ,r$ or ,communi/ ,republic proves to be m de/ructive ?an ! w> ( mighty legions1 :i* c only ca/ d[n mat]ial walls4 ,a ,sociali/ ,republic 0 impossible at ,rome1 ! city ( ! ,popes4 ,x nev] c\ld h held its gr\nd aga9/ ! s\nd pr9ciple :i* univ]sally prevail$ ?r\gh\t ! ,pontifical ,/ates4 ,nor w\ld x ev] h be5 able to obta9 ! c\nt5ance1 or ev5 ! recognition1 ( ! ,european gov]nm5ts4 ,n ,france & ,au/ria only2 e o!r ,ca?olic nation z well w\ld h ex]t$ all _! influ5ce aga9/ x4 ,nor 9 do+ s w\ld !y h act$ unwisely or unju/ly4 ,_h n ,rome be5 ! resid5ce ( _! ,*ief ,pa/or1 t great hi/oric city w\ld h ceas$ long ago to exi/1 or w\ld be kn[n only z an insignificant village1 sc>cely p]ceptible on ! map ( ,europe4 ,h[ (t5 has n ! celebrat$ city be5 rescu$ f de/ruction by ! direct ag5cy ( ! ,popes8 ,h[ long h !y n gov]n$ x ) wisdom & bless$ x ) prosp]ity8 ,if !re be any su* ?+ z prescriptive "r1 und\bt$ly x is !irs4 ,if !re be any "r bett] f\nd$ & /rong] ?an t ( conque/1 su* "r belongs unque/ionably to ! saviors ( ,rome4 ,!y h sav$ x = ! ,*ri/ian _w1 = mank9d1 = ! ,*ur*4 ,x is no man's prop]ty4 ,x _c be let1 l a paltry f>m1 to ^? :o %all bid ! highe/1 9 va9 compromises & delusive hopes ( lib]ty4 ,%\ld ! ,roman p1 ( _! own free w1 pret5d to give !mselves away1--to sell !mselves to a faction ^: subv]sive pr9ciples !y abhor1 _! =efa!rs ( all prec$+ ages w\ld prote/ aga9/ _! base deg5]acy2 ! *ildr5 ( ! g5]ations to come w\ld curse _! memory2 all reflect+ m5 ( ! pres5t "t w\ld accuse !m ( black +ratitude1--+ratitude to ! mighty dead among _! ,pontiffs1 to :om !y are indebt$ = _! v "n1 _! city's fame1 its honor$ ,/ate1 its v exi/5ce 9 mod]n times2 +ratitude1 above all1 to t rul] :o (f]$ !m1 :o be/[$ ^u !m1 lib]ty1 & :o w\ld h gladly rescu$ !m 9 8 day f tyranny1--! tyranny ( faction1--ev5 z 8 pr$ecessors1 9 bygone times1 snat*$ !m f ! cruel grasp ( b>b>ism4 ,pius ,,ix4 _h made up 8 m9d to in/itute ?or\ghly repres5tative & con/itutional gov]nm5t4 ,& ?is 0 all t ! ,roman p1 z yet1 desir$4 ,!y 7 only anxi\s t ! views ( ! ,pontiff %\ld be spe$ily c>ri$ into effect4 ,accord+ly1 ,pr9ce ,cors9i1 ! ,s5ator 7,mayor71 & ! eight pr9cipal memb]s ( ! ,municipal ,c\ncil1 7 commission$ to make kn[n _! wi%es to ! ,pope4 ,8 reply 0 dignifi$ & c&id4 ,9 decl>+ 8 int5tion to grant ! con/itution :i* !y ask$ =1 he took c>e to intimate 9 ! mo/ decid$ mann] t he 0 n mak+ a concession to ! urg5cy ( ! mom5t1 b accompli%+ 8 prem$itat$ purpose4 8,ev5ts10 said he1 8abundantly ju/ify ! reque/ :i* y address to me 9 ! "n ( ! ,c\ncil & ,magi/racy ( ,rome4 ,all are aw>e t x is my con/ant /udy to give to ! ,gov]nm5t ! =m :i* appe>s to me to be mo/ 9 h>mony ) ! times4 ,b1 none are ignorant1 at ! same "t1 ( ! difficulties to :i* he is expos$1 :o unites 9 8 own p]son two great dignities1 :5 endeav\r+ to trace ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ^! two p[]s4 ,:at1 9 a secul> ,gov]nm5t1 may be done 9 "o day1 9 ! ,pontifical c only be accompli%$ aft] mature delib]ation4 ,i flatt] myself1 nev]!less1 t ! prelim9>y lab\rs hav+ be5 complet$1 ,i %all be able1 9 a few days1 to imp>t to y ! result ( my reflections1 & t ?is result w meet ! wi%es ( all reasonable p40 ,on ! #ad? ( ,m>*1 accord+ly1 0 publi%$ ! fundam5tal /atute = ! temporal gov]nm5t ( ! ,holy ,see1 & s 0 inaugurat$ con/itutional rule 9 ! mo/ complete & /raight=w>d mann] :i* x is possible to conceive4 ,! con/itution 0 fram$ accord+ to ! model ( ! ,fr5* ,lib]al ,mon>*y ( #ahcj1 s modifi$ z to r5d] x capable ( be+ adapt$ to ! ,pontifical ,gov]nm5t4 ,"u its provisions !re 7 a ,m9i/ry :i* 0 responsible1 & two ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 "o ( :i* 0 elective1 & ! o!r compos$ ( memb]s :o %\ld hold _! appo9tm5t dur+ _! lifetime4 ,to ! ,c\ncil ( ,/ate belong$ ! fram+ ( laws to be aft]w>ds submitt$ to ! votes ( ! two ,*amb]s4 ,9 all con/itutional mon>*ies1 ! ass5t ( ! sov]eign is necess>y1 9 ord] to give ! =ce ( law to measures vot$ by ,p>liam5t4 ,s1 "u ! con/itution promulgat$ at ,rome by ,pius ,,ix41 ! ,college ( ,c>d9als 7 con/itut$ a p]man5t c\ncil1 ^: (fice x 0 to sanction f9ally ! decisions ( ! ,legislative ,*amb]s4 ,su*1 9 sub/ance1 0 ! /atute by :i* ! ,pontifical ,/ates became und5iably con/itutional4 ,a few days lat] ! ,m9i/ry 0 nam$4 ,?ree-f\r?s ( _! numb] 7 laym54 ,c>d9al ,antonelli 0 appo9t$ ,presid5t or ,fir/ ,m9i/]4 ,& ?us ! con/itution 0 no soon] fram$ ?an x came into op]ation1 s anxi\s 0 ,pius ,,ix4 to advance ! int]e/s & meet ! wants & wi%es ( 8 p4 ,n[1 "o w\ld say1 gratitude only c\ld await ! ,pontiff4 ,b no6 at ! mom5t :51 ( all o!rs1 he 0 entitl$ to rely on ! devot$ness ( 8 p1 a new & great difficulty arose4 ,by ! diplomacy ( #ahae1 at ! close ( ! great ,european ,w>1 c]ta9 portions ( ,italy _h be5 left subject to ,g]man rule4 ,by w> only1 "s ,italians imag9$1 c\ld ?is evil be remov$4 ,?is 0 an extravagant idea4 ,w> c\ld only raise up new enemies to ! cause ( ,italy & t reg5]ation :i* appe>$ to be s ne> at h&4 ,diplomacy w\ld h s]v$ !m bett]4 ,:at x _h done at "o "t1 "u pressure ( ! mo/ try+ circum/ances1 x w\ld h be5 ready to a*ieve :5 circum/ances 7 *ang$1 & imp]atively dem&$ a new ord] ( ?+s4 ,9 ! new em]g5cies t _h aris51 ! le>n+ & ability ( /atesm5 ought1 at lea/1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to h be5 appeal$ to4 ,z betwe5 individuals1 x is reasonable t all peaceful means ( adju/+ a qu>rel %\ld be employ$1 s1 9 ! great] affairs ( nations1 all ! arts ( /atesman%ip ought to be _h rec\rse to be=e resort is _h to bayonets & blood4 ,h[ successful su* a c\rse w\ld h prov$1 & h[ b5eficial to ! cause ( ,italian lib]ty1 is m ?an suffici5tly %[n by ! great result :i* diplomacy obta9$1 :5 ,au/ria1 insi/+ on treaty rights1 display$ ! flag ( w> at ,f]r>a4 ,9 t case1 no d\bt1 ! ,pope 0 ! *ief diplomati/4 ,b w\ld he n h be5 s1 likewise1 :5 !re 0 "q1 n ( "o city only1 b ( _m ( ! greate/ cities & be/ prov9ces ( ,italy8 ,x is n to be suppos$1 t 9 ^! m mom5t\s circum/ances he w\ld h f\nd 8! ,b>b>ians0 m h>d to deal )4 ,au/ria1 inde$1 0 s b>b>\s z to ignore t exquisite ref9em5t ( mod]n times1 :i* despises religion & its m9i/]s2 & s %e w\ld h %[n1 z ( old1 h] rev]5ce = ! ,pontiff1 by )draw+1 at 8 reque/1 h] soldi]s f ,italian soil4 ,! ,italians1 h[ev]1 did n ?9k s4 ,!y w\ld h w>1 co/ :at x w\ld4 ,! p ev5 ( ! ,papal ,/ates1 ^: augu/ ,*ief c\ld h conqu]$ )\t w>1 7 b5t on ! same fatal purpose4 ,!y 7 :olly "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,sociali/ agitation1 & no wis] c\nsel c\ld be made to prevail4 ,x 0 decid$ among ! popul> lead]s t ! "q ( w> %\ld be agitat$ 9 ! greate/ assembly :i* x 0 possible to ga!r toge!r4 ,! ,coliseum 0 appo9t$ z ! place ( meet+1 & x 0 de/9$ to pres5t an unwant$ spectacle1 a gr& b ill-om5$ sc5e4 ,all ,rome1 x may be said1 0 congregat$ 9 ! anci5t ar5a1 ! favorite tribunes at _! head4 ,^! demagogues 7 det]m9$ t ! "q ( w> %\ld be settl$ by acclamation1 hop+ ?us to influ5ce ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff to induce him to ab&on 8 policy ( neutrality by ?is impos+ display ( op9ion & excitem5t1 by s mu* popul> en?usiasm1 by su* intoxication1 s to say1 ( patriotism4 ,at an e>ly h\r ! va/ ar5a 0 already cr[d$4 ,all ord]s ( ! ,/ate 7 !re--,nobles1 ,burgh]s1 ,soldi]s1 ,pr9ces--ev]ybody4 ,prie/s ev5 came 9 tol]able numb]s to swell ! cr[d1 & monks ( e ord]1 ecclesia/ics ( e college1 memb]s ( e congregation4 ,su* 0 ! imm5se op5 air assemblage 9 :i* ! "q ( ! new crusade 0 to be solemnly discuss$4 ,x w\ld h be5 a gr& & notewor?y spectacle1 _h x n be5 arrang$ be=eh& by skilful lead]s :o 7 adepts 9 ! art ( gett+ up revolution>y displays4 ,9 ! great assembly !re may h be5 s9c]ity4 ,9 ! *ief actors !re 0 none4 ,su* a spontane\s expression ( public s5tim5t1 if really su*1 w\ld1 inde$1 h be5 impos+--gr&4 ,view$ only z a !atrical p]=mance ( p>ts le>n$ to ord]--& x 0 no?+ m--x 0 des]v+ ( no?+ b contempt4 ,!re 0 9 ?is display1 besides1 a s9i/] & melan*oly feature--a set ( actors practis+ on ! popul> m9d to-day1 9 ord] to discov] :at !y might safely attempt to-morr[4 ,ne> ! tribune :i* ov]looks ! ar5a 7 rang$ all ^? agitators :o 7 de/9$ to become1 at a lat] p]iod1 s notori\s 9 ! commotions ( ! "t4 ,among !m 0 obs]v$ ,padre ,gavazzi1 a ,b>nabite monk1 ^: pu]ile vanity made him aspire to di/9ction1 & ^: c>e] 0 already m>k$ by pret5ti\s eloqu5ce1 a bomba/ic /yle1 confus$ ideas1 & a m9d /ill undecid$ z to ! limits ( or?odoxy1 :i*1 a little lat]1 he /epp$ beyond4 ,he 0 ! prea*] ( ! crusade4 ,next came ! %eph]d poet1 ,rosi2 ,pr9ce ,can9o's ,secret>y1 ,masi2 a "y ,fr5* monk ( ! ord] ( ,conv5tuali/s1 ,duma9e2 ,g5]als ,dur&o & ,f]r>i2 ! j\rnali/1 ,/]b9i1 aft]w>ds s fatally popul>2 &1 ( c\rse1 ! demagogue1 ,cic]rua*o1 :o _h be51 at fir/1 en?usia/ic 9 ! cause ( ! ,pope1 b :o n[ burn$ = w>1 &1 ere long1 imp>t$ to ! revolution a "* ( fitful fanaticism & absurd sympa?ies4 ,! day 0 sp5t 9 magniloqu5t addresses1 :i* affect$ ! /yle ( anci5t types1 urg5t exhortations to w>1 poetical orations1 r\nds ( applause1 raptur\s demon/rations4 ,! result 01 li/s = ! enrolm5t ( volunte]s2 ! e/abli%m5t 9 ! diff]5t qu>t]s ( ! city ( tables = receiv+ patriotic (f]+s1 & a ?reat5+ demon/ration aga9/ ! ,quir9al ,palace1 :]e x 0 int5d$ to =ce ! ,pope to bless ! col\rs = ! exp$ition aga9/ ,au/ria4 ,! movem5t 0 n[ beyond all control4 ,! ord]s ( ! ,pope 7 treat$ ) a sort ( respect1 b n obey$4 ,! _s ( rebellion 0 abroad1 al?\gh ! p /ill made a %[ ( rev]5ce4 ,!y 7 no soon] f ! pres5ce ( ! ,pontiff ?an !y transgress$ 8 mo/ sacr$ comm&s4 ,pius ,,ix4 _h di/9ctly specifi$1 :5 he au?oriz$ ! enrolm5t & ! dep>ture ( volunte]s1 t x 0 8 int5tion & 8 w t ! exp$ition %\ld be exclusively def5sive2 t x %\ld protect ! t]ritory1 b avoid pass+ ! fronti]4 ,! lead]s1 not)/&+1 add+ p]fidy to rebellion1 made use ( ! ,pontiff's "n 9 ord] to deceive ! p4 ,g5]al ,dur&o _h no soon] arriv$ at ,bologna ?an he issu$ a proclamation1 9 :i*1 falsify+ ! ,pope's wi%es1 he adduc$ 8 au?ority 9 ord] to enc\rage ! w>4 8,radetsky10 said he1 8fights aga9/ ! cross ( ,*ri/4 ,pius ,,ix4 has bless$ y\r swords toge!r ) ^? ( ,*>les ,alb]t4 ,?is w> ( civilization aga9/ b>b>ism is n m]ely national1 x is a ,*ri/ian w>4 ,) ! cross & by ! cross1 we %all be victori\s4 ,god wills x40 ,no?+ c\ld h t5d$ m completely to compromise ! "* ( ! ,pontiff4 ,x became necess>y1 accord+ly1 to publi% ! ,encyclical ,lett] ( #bi? ,april1 #ahdh4 8,m5 are endeav\r+10 said ! ,holy ,fa!r1 9 ?is admirable docum5t1 8to dissem9ate suspicions t are injuri\s to ! temporal adm9i/ration ( our ,/ates4 ,x is our duty to prev5t ! sc&al t might ?us be giv5 to ! simple & unreflect+40 ,he !n proce$s to decl>e t he is resolv$ to expose cle>ly & to proclaim l\dly ! orig9 ( all ! facts ( 8 ,gov]nm5t4 ,he ref]s to ! memor&um ( #ahca1 :i* conta9$ ! collective c\nsels ( ! ,european ,cab9ets to ! ,apo/olic ,see1 recomm5d+ ! necess>y re=ms4 ,"s ( ^! re=ms 7 adopt$ by ,gregory ,,xvi4 ,circum/ances & ! dang] ( ! times caus$ o!rs to be def]r$4 ,pius ,,ix4 consid]$ t x 0 8 duty to complete :at 8 pr$ecessor _h begun4 ,he does n disclaim hav+ tak5 ! initiative on c]ta9 o!r po9ts4 ,he _h p>don$ ext5sively1 & he congratulates himself on ?is clem5cy4 ,he repels ! calumny :i* w\ld ascribe to ! re=ms :i* he _h inaugurat$ ! g5]al movem5t ( ,italy t[>ds its enfran*isem5t4 ,?is agitation he attributes to ev5ts t occurr$ else:]e1 & :i* became facts ( ov]:elm+ influ5ce = ! :ole ( ,europe4 ,f9ally1 he prote/s t he gave no o!r ord] to 8 soldi]s ?an t :i* requir$ t !y %\ld def5d ! ,pontifical t]ritory4 ,he _c be held responsible = ! conduct ( ^? among/ 8 subjects :o all[ !mselves to be sway$ by ! example ( o!r ,italians4 ,he _h giv5 8 ord]s di/9ctly4 ,!y _h be5 transgress$4 ,on ! di/urb+ "q ( w> ) ,au/ria1 ! ,encyclical be>s ! foll[+ words3 8,!y w\ld h u decl>e w> aga9/ ,au/ria4 ,we h ?\ght x our duty to prote/ =mally aga9/ su* a resolution1 consid]+ t1 not)/&+ our unwor?9ess1 we hold on e>? ! place ( ,him :o is ! ,au?or ( peace--! ,fri5d ( *>ity2 & t1 fai?ful to ! ,div9e obligations ( our ,apo/olate1 we embrace all c\ntries1 all peoples1 all nations1 9 a l s5tim5t ( pat]nal love4 ,nor c we refra9 f repell+1 9 ! face ( all nations1 ! p]fidi\s ass]tions ( ^? :o desire t ! ,roman ,pontiff %\ld be ! *ief ( ! gov]nm5t ( a new republic1 consi/+ ( all ! peoples ( ,italy4 8,moreov]1 we e>ne/ly exhort1 on ?is occasion1 ^! same ,italian peoples to keep p>ticul>ly on _! gu>d aga9/ ^! trea*]\s c\nsels4 ,we conjure !m to rema9 devot$ly atta*$ to _! pr9ces1 ^: affection !y h exp]i5c$4 ,to act o!rwise w\ld be n only to fail 9 _! duty1 b also to expose ,italy to discord & factions4 ,z reg>ds ourselves1 we decl>e once m t all ! ?\ghts & all ! ef=ts ( ! ,roman ,pontiff t5d only to increase e day ! k+dom ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* is ! ,*ur*1 & n to ext5d ! limits ( ! temporal sov]eignty1 ) :i* ,div9e ,provid5ce has end[$ ! ,holy ,see1 = ! dignity & ! free ex]cise ( ! sublime ,apo/olate40 ,no bett] argum5t c\ld h be5 (f]$ 9 reply to ^? p>ties :o clamor$ s unreasonably = w>4 ,nor c\ld ! ,pontiff h v9dicat$ m eloqu5tly ! pacific "* ( t religion ( :i* he is ! ,*ief & ,repres5tative on e>?4 ,at ! same "t1 he (f]$ wise & au?oritative c\nsel to ! ,italian nationalities4 ,x 0 too late4 ,! voice ( fri5dly w>n+ rema9$ unhe>d amid/ ! d9 ( /rife & revolution4 ,ne$ x be add$--! cause ( lib]ty p]i%$ = a "t1 victimiz$ by its own excess4 ,! ,sociali/ p>ty _h succe$$ 9 ga9+ ! populace ( ,rome1 & !y n[ con/itut$ a p[] :i* prevail$ 9 ! city1 :atev] x might h be5 9 ! field4 ,skilfully manag$ by its lead]s1 x gave law to ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t4 ,! ,pope 0 n1 h[ev]1 p[]less4 ,a m]ely secul> sov]eign w\ld h be5 cru%$4 ,he w\ld h _h no o!r res\rce ?an to abdicate4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r 0 n r$uc$ to ?is extremity4 ,he 0 /ill able to repel ! unacceptable measures :i* ! ,sociali/s endeav\r$ to ?ru/ ^u him4 ,!y & _! myrmidons vocif]at$ = w> ) ,au/ria4 ,! ,pope c\ld /ill say !re %\ld be no w>1 & 8 p did n engage 9 ! conte/4 ,a few among ! ,roman y\? took ! field4 ,b1 z effem9ate z !y 7 ard5t1 _! c\rage cool$ at ! fir/ sight ( a b>b>ian camp4 ,!y return$ to _! he>?s1 & !re talk$ magniloqu5tly ( ! t5t$ fields :i* !y _h trav]s$1 ! savage hordes :i* !y _h enc\nt]$1 & ! dang]s !y _h escap$4 ,! p>ty succe$$1 h[ev]1 9 =c+ a m9i/ry on ! reluctant ,pontiff4 ,su* a ?+1 :5 done ?r\gh ! repres5tative body1 h[ev] unreasonable1 does n s mu* %ock our idea ( con/itutional gov]nm5t4 ,nei!r c we approve ! conduct ( a faction :i*1 :il/ x 0 any?+ b con/itutional1 impos$ a m9i/] :o held its pr9ciples1 on ! pr9ce :o _h1 ( 8 own accord1 become a con/itutional mon>*4 ,c\nt ,mamiani 0 "o ( ^? :om ! clem5cy ( ,pius ,,ix4 _h re/or$ to _! c\ntry1 ( all ! p>ties ?us favor$1 he alone refus$ to become b\nd 9 honor to ! ,holy ,fa!r nev] to abuse ! favor1 b to rema9 always a good & fai?ful subject4 ,he 0 n )\t ability2 0 well in=m$1 cool & resolute1 b )\t any fix$ pr9ciple 9 politics4 ,he w\ld z readily h set up a ,r$ ,republic z a con/itutional mon>*y4 ,8 political conduct 0 guid$ m by ev5ts & circum/ances ?an by any well-conceiv$ idea ( :at is "r & fitt+4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? ,italian ,lib]als :o might be comp>$ to ! ,neck] ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 :il/ ,mazz9i & 8 foll[]s 7 ! ultra-radicals--! ,robespi]res ( ,roman politics4 ,! ,mamiani m9i/ry necess>ily arose out ( ! popul> commotions1 & 0 a prote/ ( ! excit$ masses aga9/ ! ,encyclical ( #bi? ,april4 ,its policy 0 no secret4 ,9 ! days ( popul> turmoil !y imm$iately prec$$ 8 nom9ation4 ,mamiani _h decl>$ di/9ctly 9 8 h>angues to ! p t no prie/ %\ld be appo9t$ to any public (fice2 t al?\gh ,pius ,,ix4 %\ld rema9 at ! head ( ! gov]nm5t1 !y ought to obta9 f him ! revocation ( 8 ,encyclical ( #bi? ,april1 & a decl>ation ( w> aga9/ ,au/ria2 t a new exp$ition %\ld be spe$ily organiz$1 & t an (ficial bullet9 ( ! w> %\ld be publi%$ daily4 ,! w>like & revolution>y pronunciam5tos1 ?us pomp\sly made1 c\ld n fail to ar\se ! en?usiasm ( ! multitude1 ^: excitem5t 0 already s great4 ,9 matt]s ( ?is nature1 h[ev]1 x is m easy to make f9e spee*es ?an to act4 ,! popul> ,tribune 0 no soon] elevat$ to ! m9i/ry ?an he came to exp]i5ce ?is difficulty4 ,s x 0 conv5i5t to =get ! gr& lessons :i* he _h labor$ s vehem5tly to impress ^u ! p4 ,he /ill1 h[ev]1 insi/$1 or appe>$ to insi/1 on ! ,au/rian w>4 ,x may h be5 necess>y = ! new m9i/]1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 8 influ5ce ov] ! masses1 to ann\nce a w> policy4 ,su* policy1 nev]!less1 0 *im]ical4 ,x 0 decid$ly oppos$ by ! legitimately-con/itut$ p[]s ( ! ,/ate--! ,sov]eign on ! "o h&1 :o1 by 8 "n1 8 "*1 8 virtues1 8 (fice1 0 /ill p[]ful2 & on ! o!r1 ! repres5tative body4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ?is body came toge!r 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 !re 0 an end to ! gov]nm5t ( ! /reets4 ,b !re arose new difficulties1 & ^! difficulties ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,holy ,fa!r dilig5tly /udi$ to ov]come4 ,c>d9al ,alti]i deliv]$1 on ! "p ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 an en]getic & mov+ exhortation 9 support ( unity & concord4 ,at ! same "t1 he express$ 8 e>ne/ hope t ! newly-elect$ deputies w\ld %[ _! good w by concurr+ ) ! m9i/ry 9 r5d]+ ! new adaptation ( ! con/itution compatible ) ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t4 ,?is address1 h[ev] ineffectual1 possess$ ! m]it ( be+ ?or\ghly con/itutional4 ,! same praise _c be aw>d$ to ,c\nt ,mamiani's inaugural oration4 ,next day1 :i* 0 ! #i? ( ,june1 he asc5d$ ! ,tribune1 & !re enunciat$ ideas :i* belong$ m to ! m9i/ry 9 _! individual capacity1 ?an z ! repres5tatives ( _! ,sov]eign4 ,?is 0 supremely uncon/itutional1 & c\ld only be ! result ( inexp]i5ce4 ,:at k c\ld ^? m5 h _h ( a free & national con/itution8 ,!y ought1 at lea/1 to h be5 guid$ by ! laws ( hone/y & honor4 ,:o w say t !y 7 s1 :5 !y gave out t ! op9ion :i* !y express$ 9 favor ( w> 0 also t ( ! ,pontiff8 ,!y endeavor$ ?us to ext5d ! sanction ( a v5]at$ "n to designs t 7 subv]sive ( ,pontifical rule4 ,nei!r inexp]i5ce nor ignorance ( con/itutions pres5ts any valid excuse1 or ev5 palliation ( su* a proce$+4 ,no d\bt !y call$ x policy4 ,x 0 ! base/ trick]y4 ,9 ! h&s ( hone/ & judici\s m9i/]s ! new con/itution might h prov$ successful4 ,s ?\ght _m p]sons :o 7 well in=m$ & compet5t to =m an op9ion 9 reg>d to s difficult a "q4 ,x _h also _m well-wi%]s4 ,b = ! w> agitation1 x w\ld1 to all appe>ance1 h _h a diff]5t fate4 ,accord+ to ! exagg]at$ idea ( ,italian patriotism :i* prevail$1 all true ,italians 7 b\nd to fight = _! c\ntry4 ,on ! ,mamiani m9i/ry devolv$ ! v ardu\s task ( reconcil+ ?is w>like _s ) ! pacific "* ( ! ,pontificate4 ,! ,pope1 l any o!r sov]eign1 _h a "r1 no d\bt1 to def5d himself4 ,b bo? ! !ology :i* guid$ him & ! traditions ( 8 sov]eignty =bade him to wage w> on any p4 ,su* 0 ! difficulty :i* x fell to ! lot ( 8 m9i/ry to solve4 ,! argum5ts to :i* !y _h rec\rse1 h[ev] well meant1 7 c]ta9ly v pu]ile4 ,! ,pope1 z su*1 !y insi/$1 might decide = peace1 & condemn ! %$d+ ( blood1 :il/1 z temporal sov]eign1 he w\ld au?orize 8 m9i/]s to act z %\ld seem to !m prop]1 & !y w\ld decl>e = w>4 ,?is mis]able sophi/ry only %[$ ! weakness ( ! gov]nm5t :i* employ$ x4 ,! ,pontiff c\ld n be expect$ to act z if he 7 two di/9ct p]sons4 ,nor :il/ 8 m9i/]s wag$ w>1 c\ld he1 ^: repres5tatives !y 71 be consid]$ z neutral4 ,= a few mon?s t ?is m9i/ry rema9$ 9 (fice1 ! ,pope cont9u$ to save 8 ,/ates by resi/+ ! w>-cry 9 opposition to _! wi%es4 ,!y 7 con/antly at v>iance ) him on ?is "o great topic4 ,8 repugnance to w> !y c\ld nei!r compreh5d nor ov]come4 ,popul> demon/rations ( ! mo/ ?reat5+ k9d 7 (t5 made1 b to no purpose4 ,ju/um et t5acem propositi virum1 ,non civium ardor prava jub5tum m5te quatit solida4 ,! ,pontiff c\ld n be mov$ f 8 firm resolve4 ,! m9i/ry1 h[ev]1 0 %ak54 ,) no bett] /ay ?an sophi/ry & inconsi/5cy1 its weakness became app>5t1 &1 z _h be5 = "s "t cle>ly inevitable1 x fell4 ,be=e consid]+ fur!r ! /atesman-l ef=ts ( ,pius ,,ix4 9 ! cause ( re=m1 x may n be out ( place to review briefly ! political op9ion ( ! "t4 ,al?\gh all m5 _c be expect$ to accept1 especially 9 _m important matt]s1 all ! ideas ( ^? di/+ui%$ writ]s1 ,giob]ti1 ,balbo1 ,d',azeglio1 x w\ld be unju/1 nev]!less1 to d5y !m ! cr$it ( hav+ imp>t$ new vigor1 if n its fir/ impulse1 to ! cause ( re=m 9 ,italy4 ,!y 7 n1 l s _m o!rs1 ra% & inconsid]ate4 ,!y desir$ n to hurry on recklessly to ! wi%$-= goal4 ,!y ?\ght x 0 unwise to aspire1 all at once1 to ! greate/ degree ( lib]ty t might be atta9$4 ,! end 9 view c\ld be be/ rea*$1 !y conceiv$1 by judici\s & well-tim$ measures ( re=m1 & by su* in/itutions z might be develop$ at a lat] p]iod1 :5 ! ,italian p1 unaccu/om$ z yet to a con/itutional regime1 %\ld be capable ( a great] degree ( fre$om4 ,no?+ m wise c be suppos$ ?an ?is view ( educat+ ! p = lib]ty be=e be/[+ on !m ! preci\s boon4 ,_! idea ( comm5c+ ! "w ( re=m by wag+ w> on ,au/ria does n appe> to be s comm5dable4 ,x 0 n1 surely1 ! "p ( prud5ce1 :5 on ! eve ( a great & ardu\s und]tak+1 to /ir up enemies on e side4 ,& ?is 0 really :at !y s\ght to d by provok+ ,au/rian ho/ility4 ,! gov]nm5t at ,vi5na 0 n incl9$ to be ho/ile4 ,x _h jo9$ ) o!r p[]s 9 recomm5d+ re=m to ! late ,pope4 ,& n[ x w\ld r h be5 an ally ?an an enemy4 ,b ! 8b>b>ian0 ,g]mans 7 entirely odi\s to ! ,italian p4 ,! p[] ( education ought to h be5 br\ght to be> on ?is same p1 if only 9 ord] to disabuse _! m9ds ( ?is "o noxi\s prejudice4 ,x _h become necess>y at l5g? to ext5d to !m ! b5efits ( a political education4 ,& surely ! eradication ( illib]al ideas w\ld h =m$ a pr(itable bran* ( /udy4 ,pius ,,ix41 z has be5 already %[n1 0 a practical re=m]1 & he _h zeal\sly und]tak5 ! "w ( re=m4 ,au/ria 0 n incl9$ to ?r[ any imp$im5ts 9 ! way ( 8 patriotic labors4 ,only on "o occasion did t p[]ful empire %[ a disposition to int]f]e4 ,x 0 :5 ,rome & ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff 7 ?reat5$ by popul> commotions4 ,!n1 ev5 on ! repres5tation ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 ,au/ria laid d[n h] arms4 ,) ^! con/itutional re=m]s1 if we except _! insane idea ( wag+ a ne$less w>1 v little fault c be f\nd z politicians4 ,s lately z ! e>ly "p ( ! ye> #ahdh1 _! op9ions 7 g5]ally accept$ ?r\gh\t ,italy4 ,!y 71 at t "t1 also ! mo/ p[]ful p>ty4 ,_! numb]s1 au?ority & tal5t1 gave !m a decid$ sup]iority1 :il/ ! ,republicans 7 /ill a weak m9ority4 ,9 a few mon?s1 to all appe>ance1 ev]y?+ 0 completely *ang$4 ,tal5t1 respectability1 au?ority1 & influ5ce1 7 /ill on ! side ( ! con/itutional re=m]s4 ,b1 9 ! meantime1 ! ,r$ ,republic _h ga9$ ! comm& ( numb]s4 ,h[ ?is came to pass x may be well n[ to enquire4 ,9 e great community !re are _m p :o h no fix$ pr9ciples 9 politics1 & o!rs1 p]haps1 n less num]\s1 :o h no political pr9ciples at all4 ,bo? ^! classes ( p dep5d entirety on o!r m5 = ! s5tim5ts & op9ions by :i*1 at any giv5 mom5t1 !y %all be guid$4 ,su* p 7 suffici5tly num]\s at ,rome & ! o!r cities & prov9ces ( ,italy4 ,demagogues1 !re=e1 :o 7 n )\t ability & possess$ flu5cy ( spee*1 f\nd x no v difficult task to fa%ion z !y _h a m9d1 = ^! classes ( citiz5s1 any am\nt ( political pr9ciples & programmes4 ,^? ev5 :o 7 fairly imbu$ ) con/itutional ideas1 b ^: m9ds 7 n :olly decid$1 ! lead]s ( ! ,r$ ,republic endeavor$1 & n )\t success1 to ga9 to _! side1 by p]suad+ !m to compromise1 z reg>d$ c]ta9 po9ts1 to modify _! op9ions on o!rs1 *ange _! designations1 ent] into coalitions1 & adopt su* +5i\s arrangem5ts z 7 propos$ to !m4 ,?us1 by degrees1 & z 0 only to be expect$ 9 su* circum/ances1 ! ultra-radicals succe$$ b too well 9 caus+ ! mo/ extravagant political notions to prevail among ! masses4 ,z fate w\ld h x1 ! revolution 9 ,france ( ,febru>y1 #ahdh1 :i* br\ght to an end ! con/itutional mon>*y1 af=d$ no slight aid & enc\ragem5t to ! ,r$ ,republic ( ,italy4 ,! m5 ( ?is p>ty might h und]/ood1 on reflection1 to :at extreme p]il ,france became expos$1 :5 %e pref]r$ brute =ce to con/itutional proce$+1 & tore d[n by viol5ce a sy/em :i* 01 9 _m respects1 good2 & :i*1 inasmu* z x 0 a con/itution1 c\ld 9 due "t h be5 ext5d$ & improv$1 receiv+1 z new wants arose1 & wisdom & exp]i5ce w>rant$1 new developm5ts1 new adaptations1 & daily increas+ excell5ce4 ,! con/itutional elem5t once remov$1 !re 0 no m$ium betwe5 & safegu>d aga9/ absolutism2 on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r an>*y1 or ! reign ( viol5ce & t]ror4 ,! extremi/s ( ,italy1 h[ev]1 beheld only 9 ! too successful action ( ! ,p>isian populace a new /ep t[>ds lib]ty4 ,x became ! duty ( ! ,italian p1 !y decl>$1 to m>* onw>d 9 ! wake ( enlight5$ ,france1 & seize ! prize t 0 at l5g? pres5t$ = _! acceptance4 ,by su* c\nsellors 7 ! p abus$ & l$ a/ray4 ,! mod]ate re=m p>ty 7 !mselves excit$ by ! en?usiasm :i* ev5ts _h inspir$1 & he$$ n ! sn>es :i* ! radical *iefs 7 lay+ = !m4 ,!y 7 ?us caught 9 ! toils ( ^? design+ m51 :il/ !y imag9$ t !y 7 only work+ out _! own idea4 ,!y suppos$ ev5 t !y 7 ga9+ ,mazz9i1 :il/1 9 reality1 ,mazz9i 0 mak+ proselytes ( !m4 ,giob]ti & 8 m imm$iate fri5ds1 :o c]ta9ly 7 n )\t _! faults1 7 ab&on$ by ! cr[d4 ,rev]t+ to :at has be5 said already conc]n+ ,mazz9i & 8 political doctr9es1 !re ne$ be no hesitation 9 pron\nc+ him ! evil g5ius ( mod]n ,italy4 ,9 8 book1 8,italy 9 its ,relations ) ,lib]ty & ,moral ,civilization10 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ,france1 :]e he 0 an exile1 9 #ahdg1 he =mally decl>$ t 8,"y ,italy0 7! extreme ,republicans7 0 ! only p>ty t c\ld ex]cise any decisive influ5ce on ! de/9y ( ,italy4 ,at ! same "t1 he treat$ ) supreme contempt ! ideas & hopes ( ! ,re=m p>ty4 ,9 8 my/ic republic only 0 to be f\nd1 he affirm$1 ! pr9ciple ( unity1 ! ideal =mula ( actual progress4 ,?is !ory 0 ! idol at ^: %r9e he (f]$ sacrifice4 ,8 foll[]s 7 also 8 fell[-wor%ipp]s1 & he 0 _! high prie/4 ,!y 7 fasc9at$ by 8 brilliant utopias4 ,he 0 no long] a legislator1 a politician1 a philosoph] only4 ,he 0 a man ( inspiration1 a prophet1 ! ,mahomet ( a new hegira4 ,8 say+s 7 oracles4 ,8 doctr9es 7 enunciat$ 9 s5t5ti\s & poetical language2 & f 8 place ( exile !y 7 dissem9at$ ov] ! ,italian p59sula4 ,x has be5 %[n already h[ g5]\sly ,pius ,,ix4 _h recall$ f bani%m5t _m subjects :o _h violat$ ! laws ( _! c\ntry4 ,^! m5 71 at "o "t1 no d\bt1 s9c]ely grateful1 & %[$ h[ highly !y appreciat$ ! clem5cy ( ! ,pontiff4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 surpris+1 if1 z is usual 9 su* circum/ances1 !y began to consid] m ! sev]ity :i* puni%$ ?an ! goodness :i* =gave !m4 ,mazz9i1 among o!rs1 dissembl$ = a "t4 ,x may be--x has ev5 be5 sugge/$ t he 0 at fir/ s9c]e1 & _h nobly resolv$ to sacrifice 8 favorite ideas to ! cause ( ,italy4 ,?is op9ion1 h[ev]1 0 de/9$ to be soon dispell$4 ,x 0 n long till ! newspap] ,italia del ,popolo1 reveal$ ! fact t he /ill held to extreme & revolution>y views4 ,! m9ds ( ! p 7 poison$ by ! rav+s ( ?is j\rnal1 & fill$ ) mi/ru/4 ,x became ! in/rum5t by :i* sects & p>ties 7 /irr$ up to "w ! ru9 ( ! c\ntry4 8,unita e non unione4 ,assemblea del ,popolo ,italiano e non dieta40 8,unity2 n union4 ,! assembly ( ! ,italian p2 n a f$]al diet40 ,su* 0 ! wat*word ( ,mazz9i's pap]4 ,& n[ ! masses 9 ! /reets1 "u ! guidance ( ! revolution>y lead]1 vocif]at$1 8,live ! ,con/itu5t ,assembly60 ) z mu* wild en?usiasm z !y _h =m]ly %\t$ = ,pius ,,ix4 & re=m4 ,!y _h no di/9ct idea z to ! mean+ ( ! cry1 b held x to be some?+ extreme--a b\ndless measure ( lib]ty4 ,! populace want$ no?+ bett]2 & s !y cont9u$ to %\t1 z !y believ$1 = unity & ,republican ,gov]nm5t4 ,su* a sy/em 01 f ! v nature & position ( ! ,/ates ( ,italy1 impracticable1 & )\t pressure f )\t1 =eign w>--:i* ! ,mazz9ians s mu* deprecat$--c\ld nev] h be5 e/abli%$4 ,h[ br+ "u ! yoke ( a g5]al popul> conv5tion s _m div]se peoples8 ,!y 7 all ,italian1 no d\bt1 b ( diff]5t races1 diff]5t nationalities1 & ea* ( !m _h = ages enjoy$ its own national laws1 cu/oms1 mann]s1 prejudices1 pr$ilections1 & antipa?ies4 ,nor _h !y common int]e/s4 ,:at w\ld be good & suitable 9 "o ,/ate might1 by no means1 be adapt$ to ! requirem5ts ( ano!r2 might ev5 9 "s cases prove disa/r\s4 ,! ,gr& ,dukes _h1 by _! mild & lib]al rule1 ende>$ !mselves to ! ,tuscan p4 ,pi$mont & ,naples 7 alike devot$ to _! respective mon>*ies4 ,! p ( ! ,papal ,/ates1 ) ! exception ( ! populace ( ,rome1 7 loyal to _! gov]nm5t4 ,t populace 0 greatly increas$ 9 #ahdh by ! influx ( /rang]s--m5 hold+ ,republican op9ions1 :o 7 dilig5tly cull$ f =eign nationalities4 ,all b ^! abnormal masses 7 atta*$ to ! wise & clem5t rule ( _! ,pontiff ,sov]eigns4 ,( late ye>s _m ?+s _h occurr$ to confirm _! devot$ loyalty4 ,above all1 pro( _h be5 giv5 t ! sacr$ mon>*y itself c\ld1 )\t any dim9ution ( its real p[] & dignity1 adopt su* political re=ms z 7 adapt$ to ! wants ( ! "t4 ,all ^! mon>*ies1 already s mod]ate & popul>1 7 becom+ e day m con/itutional4 ,7 !y n[ to be ov]?r[n8 ,! ,mazz9ian idea aim$ at no?+ less4 ,& yet1 :at w\ld x n h co/8 ,s _m "t-honor$ rights w\ld nev] h be5 giv5 up )\t a /ruggle--)\t blood%$1 if !y 7 at all to be sacrific$4 ,! tor* ( civil /rife w\ld h blaz$ f end to end ( ! ,italian p59sula4 ,& ! ru9 ( ! anci5t mon>*ies--if1 inde$1 !y _h be5 de/9$ at t "t to fall--w\ld probably h be5 succe$$ by m despotic =ms ( k+ly rule4 ,if1 at ! "t 9 "q1 ! p ( ! diff]5t ,/ates ( ,italy _h act$ 9 conc]t1 unit+ _! influ5ce1 !y w\ld h assum$ an impos+ attitude1 & might h obta9$ n only ! =be>ance b ! aid ev5 ( _! p[]ful neighbors 9 develop+ su* ( _! in/itutions z already conta9$ g]ms ( lib]ty1 9 ext5d+ con/itutional rights :i* _h long exi/$ 9 mon>*ies t 7 by no means absolute4 ,9 ! place ( political wisdom1 h[ev]1 a univ]sal mania appe>$ to prevail4 ,9 ! confusion ( popul> demon/rations1 & ! clamor ( p>ty cries1 ! 8/ill small voice ( reason0 0 unhe>d4 ,! revolution>y *iefs h>angu$ anew = w>1 & ,italy1 li/5+ to _! ill-om5$ c\nsels1 took up arms aga9/ its sov]eigns2 & s gave ! dea?-bl[ to its political exi/5ce4 ,! mod]ate ,re=m p>ty conceiv$ a plan :i*1 if x _h be5 c>ri$ into effect1 w\ld h be5 att5d$1 no d\bt1 ) great & happy results4 ,!y propos$ to unite all ! ,/ates ( ,italy by means ( a ,f$]al ,p>liam5t4 ,!y direct$ _! ef=ts 9 ! fir/ place to promote union betwe5 ! rul]s & ! p1 recomm5d+ to ! =m] mod]ation1 to ! latt] a wise =be>ance4 ,!y hop$ ?us to po/pone ! idea ( absolute unity1 & ( ! popul> conv5tion by :i* x 0 design$ to e/abli% & ma9ta9 x4 ,! f$]al diet1 an excell5t idea ( :i* 0 r$uc$ to writ+ by ! rev]5d & le>n$ ,abbate ,rosm9i1 w\ld h held ! place ( ?is assembly4 ,accord+ to ?is plan ( conf$]ation1 ! ,pope1 ! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia1 ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany & ! o!r ,pr9ces w\ld h be5 unit$ 9 an (f5sive & def5sive league4 ,bas$ on ^! pr9ciples1 & provid$ t no?+ 7 admitt$ 9 its details :i* c\ld int]f]e ) ! sacr$ "* & (fice ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 ! propos$ political arrangem5t w\ld h f\nd favor g5]ally ) all :o held con/itutional views4 ,em95t au?ors1 at lea/1 h writt5 conc]n+ x approv+ly4 ,m4 ,lab\laye1 9 8 le>n$ "w on ,c\nt ,balbo1 says3 8,x 0 necess>y t ! ,pr9ces %\ld be induc$ to take an int]e/ 9 ! indep5d5ce :i* conc]n$ !m s mu*1 by =m+ a conf$]ation l ! ,zolv]e91 :i* has s p[]fully contribut$ to ! union & ! greatness ( ,g]many4 ,a conf$]ation is und\bt$ly t organization :i* is mo/ suit$ to ! "* & ! hi/ory ( ,italy1 & x is also ! be/ means ( reviv+ ,italian nationality & ( *eck+ ,au/ria40 ,ne$ x be add$1 t :5 !re %\ld h be5 "q ( re/ra9+ ,au/ria1 !re w\ld h be5 at h& an influ5ce :i* ,au/ria respect$1 & to :i* t mighty empire & its discipl9$ armies w\ld h yield$ m readily ?an to all ,italy 9 arms4 ,)\t a conf$]ation1 or an arrangem5t equally good1 !re c\ld be no bett] lot = ,italy ?an civil w> & national ru94 ,ev5ts1 mean:ile1 7 ha/5+ on ) al>m+ rapidity4 ,! ,r$ ,republic p]si/$ 9 ma9ta9+ its idea4 ,! dang] ) :i* ! c\ntry 0 ?reat5$ f )\t did n1 9 ! lea/1 mod]ate its ef=ts1 & !y 7 att5d$ by ! only results :i* !y 7 calculat$ to produce4 ,italy rema9$ divid$4 ,! sword ( ,*>les ,alb]t c\ld n cope alone ) ! =midable arms ( ,au/ria4 ,a unit$ p might h /ay$ ! tide ( battle4 ,! impos+ spectacle ( _! union might ev5 h influ5c$ ! ,g]man ,cab9et1 & ! legions ( ,radetsky might nev] h presum$ to cross ! ,m9cio4 ,b x 0 fat$ to be o!rwise4 ,excess foll[$ on excess1 & ! inevitable consequ5ce 0 spe$y *a/isem5t4 8,p]i% ,italy r ?an our idea10 0 ! wat*-cry ( ! ,sociali/ lead]s4 ,& z if fate _h comb9$ ) _! phr5zy to de/roy a p1 ,italy 0 cru%$ by ! invad]4 ,:at c>$ !y8 ,:at import$ x to !m t _! c\ntry 0 br\ght l[1 & its ,pr9ces humbl$ 9 ! field ( ,nov>a8 ,! d[nfall ( ! ,s>d9ian mon>*1 :i* at ! same "t 0 ! defeat ( ,italy1 0 to !m a victory4 ,"o m imp$im5t to _! designs 0 remov$4 8,! w> ( ,k+s10 said ,mazz9i1 8is at an end2 t ( ! p comm5ces40 ,& he decl>$ himself a soldi]4 ,b ,g>ibaldi did n long comm& him4 ,8 w>like en?usiasm 0 soon exhau/$4 ,! w> ( ! p also end$ disa/r\sly2 & ! revolution>y *ief1 tir$ ( ! sword1 resum$ 8 p5 & r5ew$ 8 attacks on ! mod]ate ,re=m]s1 :o alone _h f\ght1 l brave m51 9 ! ,au/rian w>4 ,! /rife ( words 0 m cong5ial to ! revolutioni/2 & he set ab\t edit+ a new publication4 ,9 ?is j\rnal he rag$ aga9/ ! ,re=m]s4 ,!y 7 a set ( traitors1 ante-*amb] ,ma*iavels1 :o _h muzzl$ ! popul> lion = ! b5efit ( k+s & ari/ocracies4 ,^! ,ma*iavels 7 su* m5 z ,c\nt ,balbo1 :o _h giv5 8 five sons to ! w> ( indep5d5ce2 ,signor ,d',azeglio1 :o _h be5 9 ! campaign ) ,dur&o1 & :o _h a leg brok5 by a ball at ,vic5za1 :il/ def5d+ ,monte ,b5ico ) two ?\s& m5 aga9/ twelve ?\s& ,au/rians4 ,d',azeglio1 /ill sm>t+ f 8 w\nds1 z well z f ! insults ( ^! reckless politicians1 repli$ 9 a pamphlet1 :i* appe>$ "u ! title ( 8,fe>s & ,hopes40 ,he took no pa9s to sp>e ^? club soldi]s1 ^? tav]n h]oes & intrigu]s1 :o c\ld wage w> s clev]ly aga9/ ! m5 :o _h /ood "u ! enemy's guns4 8,= my "p10 he wrote1 8,i d n fe> y\r republic1 b despotism4 ,y\r agitation w end ) ! ,croats40 ,& s x fell out4 ,! pr$iction 0 b too spe$ily & too completely realiz$4 ,a ,fr5* au?or1 ,m4 ,mignet1 comm5ts on ?is subject at "s l5g?1 & ) rem>kable eloqu5ce3 8,a p>ty z extreme 9 its desires z 9 its doctr9es1 & :i* believes t x is possess$ ( no?+ s long z x does n possess ev]y?+1 & :i*1 :5 x has ev]y?+1 kn[s n h[ to make any?+ ( x1 imag9$ ! e/abli%+ ( a republic 9 a c\ntry :i* is sc>cely capable ( atta9+ to repres5tative mon>*y1 & :]e ! only ?+ to be ?\ght (1 z yet1 0 t]ritorial indep5d5ce4 ,?is p>ty divid$ ! ?\ghts1 weak5$ ! ef=ts ( ! c\ntry1 & caus$ mutual mi/ru/ to arise betwe5 ^? gov]nm5ts & peoples :i* 7 reconcil$ "u con/itutional lib]ty1 & _h an und]/&+ aga9/ ! common enemy4 ,!y ?us compromis$ ! deliv]ance ( ! l&4 ,! ,k+ ( ,naples1 ?reat5$ by an insurrection 9 8 capital1 reta9$ 8 troops t 7 on ! po9t ( m>*+ to ! !atre ( w>2 ! ,pope ceas$ to give enc\ragem5t2 ! ,k+ ( ,pi$mont1 already 9 full m>*1 hesitat$2 & ,italy1 agitat$1 )\t be+ free1 became once m p[]less1 because %e 0 disunit$1 & beheld ! ,au/rians reappe> z conqu]ors1 & re-e/abli% !mselves anew z ma/]s1 9 ! recov]$ pla9s ( ,lomb>dy40 ,^! eloqu5t words confirm ! view s g5]ally ent]ta9$1 t ! ,r$ ,republicans 7 all along ! cause ( ,italy's disa/]s4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! national weakness :i* _! baneful op]ations produc$1 ,radetski 0 enabl$ to reconqu] ,upp] ,italy1 :il/ !y !mselves direct$ _! /eps t[>ds ,rome1 spread+ t]ror z !y approa*$1 ev5 z if !y _h be5 an army ( ,go?s & ,v&als4 ,swell+ by _! pres5ce ! numb]s ( m5 :o held ! same op9ions1 :o1 l !m1 7 dissatisfi$1 & :om no?+ c\ld satisfy1 !y occasion$ an extraord9>y agitation ( ! p1 caus$ fe>ful disquietude1 & excit$ inord9ate hopes4 ,!y imbu$ ! masses ) _! subv]sive pr9ciples1 & !re 0 an end to all transaction ) ! ,papal gov]nm5t4 ,!y _h already done all t lay 9 _! p[] 9 ord] to de/roy mon>*y 9 ,pi$mont4 ,!y n[ br\ght into play e s*eme t c\ld be devis$1 9 ord] to advance ! s9i/] "w ( dispossess+ ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,!y succe$$ 9 ga9+ _m ,re=m]s1 :o1 too easily1 all[$ !mselves to become _! dupes4 ,at fir/1 z has be5 %[n1 ! popul> demon/rations 9 honor ( ,pius ,,ix4 7 hone/ly expressive ( gratitude to ! b5efic5t ,pontiff4 ,! ,sociali/s n[ succe$$ 9 ga9+ possession ( ?is great influ5ce1 & !y employ$ x1 c]ta9ly1 ) consummate ability4 ,! masses1 :5 once "u ! spell ( agitation1 are at ! disposal ( ! bolde/ demagogues4 ,! ,re=m]s :o _h all[$ !mselves to be ensn>$1 cont9u$ to s+ _! patriotic hymns1 ! ,roman ,m>seillaises1 )\t he$+ t ,sociali/ radicalism 0 imp]ceptibly tak+ ! cr[n ( ! causeway1 & t ! popul> demon/rations _h und]gone a complete *ange4 ,at an e>li] date 8,"y ,italy0 _h only us$ !m z a ?reat4 ,!y 7 n[ an arm 9 its h&s4 ,& s x gov]n$ 9 ! /reets1 mak+ a tribune ( e mile/one4 ,!re 0 only want+ to !m at ?is mom5t a common c5tre or g5]al headqu>t]s ( insurrection1 f :i* %\ld g =? ! ^w ( comm&1 ! signal = e ris+ ( ! p4 ,?is 0 f\nd 9 ! celebrat$ ,roman ,circle4 ,?is circle 0 a k9d ( conv5tion )\t commission--a travell+ cohort ( two or ?ree hundr$ agitators1 :o c>ri$ f t[n to t[n ! dread & dismal flag ( ! ,r$ ,republic4 ,?is mob-p[] _h1 9 opposition to ! wi%es ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 br\ght into (fice ! ,mamiani m9i/ry4 ,?is weak & irresolute m9i/] broke ! ranks ( 8 own p>ty1 & pass$ ov] to 8,"y ,italy04 ,?is p>ty n[ dictat$ to him on all occasions4 ,!y urg$ on him ) special e>ne/ness w> ) ,au/ria1 kn[+ full well t ! ,pope w\ld nev] agree to x1 & s by 8 refusal w\ld decl9e 9 popul>ity4 ,! con/itution 0 n[ 9 abeyance1 ! m9i/] be+ at ! ord]s ( a p>ty out ( doors1 & no long] ! organ ( ! ,sov]eign & ! repres5tative body4 ,! ,pontifical au?ority1 al?\gh /ill v5]at$ by _m1 0 no long] obey$4 ,x 0 only a "n4 ,! republic reign$1 & only wait$ = ! mom5t1 too surely to come at la/1 :5 x %\ld be op5ly recogniz$4 ,9 su* circum/ances ! ,mamiani m9i/ry rapidly lo/ gr\nd4 ,n[ 9 its dea? agony1 & impot5t = good1 x p]si/$1 ) a degree ( p]v]s5ess :i* no?+ c\ld mod]ate1 9 reit]at+ its decl>ations ( w> aga9/ ,au/ria4 ,?is only add$ to ! confusion :i* prevail$4 ,! m9i/]s & _! m ard5t adh]5ts 7 ready1 z became patriots & h]oes1 to fight = _! c\ntry4 ,nev]!less1 ) all ?is boa/+1 !y made no ha/e to be enroll$4 ,:il/ ^! m5 7 indulg+ 9 su* idle & va9-glori\s talk1 ! few :o _h volunte]$ & tak5 ! field1 return$ f ,vic5za1 :i*1 dur+ two days1 _h be5 bravely b fruitlessly def5d$4 ,! =um w>riors _h only set out 9 "t to meet _! defeat$ & w\nd$ fell[-c\ntrym51 & give !m ! honors ( an ovation on _! return to ! city4 ,! w> agitation 0 evid5tly no?+ else ?an a weapon ( (f5ce aga9/ ! ,holy ,see4 ,9 its results x 0 mo/ unpr(itable1 e day br++ news ( fre% disa/]s4 ,circum/ances n[ r5d]$ ! w>-cry m inopportune ?an ev]4 ,*>les ,alb]t1 ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia1 _h be5 driv5 f ! ,m9cio to ! ,oglio1 !nce to ! ,adda1 !nce to ,milan4 ,he 0 n[ recross+ ! ,pi$montese fronti]1 vanqui%$1 despair+ & he>t-brok54 ,pi$mont1 nev]!less1 9 ! sil5ce ( h] humiliation1 set ab\t prep>+ = a f9al ef=t4 ,! v>i\s m9i/]s :om ,pius ,,ix4 _h call$ to 8 c\nsels 7 all alike unsuccessful4 ,circum/ances ( great] difficulty ?an ev] _h n[ aris51 & n )\t a sad =ebod+ ( ! great] evils t 7 yet 9 /ore1 ! ,holy ,fa!r _h rec\rse to ! well-kn[n /atesman%ip ( ,c\nt ,rossi1 :o _h =m]ly be5 ,fr5* ,ambassador to ! ,holy ,see4 ,m4 ,mignet1 ! able biograph] ( ?is em95t /atesman1 gives a di/9ct & int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! difficulties ) :i*1 z ,*ief ( ! ,pope's ,c\ncil ( ,/ate1 he 0 call$ to cont5d3 8,m4 ,rossi at fir/ hesitat$4 ,he knew :at =midable problems !re 7 to solve4 ,to conduct1 accord+ to con/itutional pr9ciples1 a gov]nm5t t _h be5 h]et(ore absolute2 to adm9i/] by ! h&s ( laym5 ! affairs ( a c\ntry t _h be5 hi!rto subject to ,ecclesia/ics2 to unite 9 an ,italian league a /ate t _h be5 almo/ always oppos$ to a political union ( ! ,p59sula2 9 a ^w1 to e/abli% all at ! same "t1 a ,con/itutional ,gov]nm5t1 a ,civil ,adm9i/ration1 a ,national ,f$]ation1 7 n ! only difficulties t he w\ld h to ov]come4 ,! m9i/] ( a ,pr9ce1 ^: confid5ce o!rs w\ld dispute ) him1 a /rang] 9 a c\ntry1 :]e he w\ld ex]cise public au?ority1 he w\ld be liable to be left )\t support not)/&+ 8 devot$ness1 & )\t approbation not)/&+ 8 s]vices2 to be attack$ z a revolutioni/ by ! bl9d advocates ( abuses1 & disav[$ z an enemy ( lib]ty by ! impassion$ p>tisans ( *im]as4 ,he cont9u$ to decl9e = a consid]able "t4 ,! conditions :i* he at fir/ propos$ to ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff n hav+ be5 accept$1 ,m4 ,rossi ?\ght t he _h escap$ ! lot t 0 9 /ore = him4 ,b ! ,pope1 aft] hav+ essay$ 9 va9 a new m9i/ry1 press$ him m urg5tly1 9 ! mon? ( ,septemb]1 #ahdh1 to come to 8 aid1 (f]+ him at ! same "t 8 full confid5ce & unlimit$ au?ority4 ,m4 ,rossi accept$40 ,at ! "t ( 8 accession to (fice ,c\nt ,rossi 0 sixty ye>s ( age4 ,he 0 no /rang] to politics4 ,8 life1 inde$1 _h be5 sp5t 9 ! mid/ ( political turmoil4 ,z may be suppos$1 he suff]$ mu* 9 ! c\rse ( 8 *eck]$ c>e]4 ,he _h1 at ! same "t1 le>n$ mu* at ! /]n s*ool ( exp]i5ce4 ,he _h be5 sev]al times an exile1 & _h ?us become ! citiz5 ( m ?an "o c\ntry4 ,9 #ahae he 0 bani%$ f ! ,p59sula1 on acc\nt ( ! "p :i* he _h borne 9 ! cause ( ,italian lib]ty2 & hav+ resid$ at ,g5eva & ,p>is1 he _h made = himself1 9 ^? cities1 a brilliant reputation4 ,he wrote on ! important subjects ( political economy & jurisprud5ce1 display+ intimate k ( ^! sci5ces1 great intellectual p[] & sup]ior p5etration4 ,al?\gh rely+ on pr9ciples & !ory1 he did n ignore facts1 nor refuse to accommodate ! l(ty =ms ( sci5ce to practical requirem5ts4 ,he 0 v]s$ 9 ! k ( mank9d1 & 0 f> f be+ "o ( ^?1 :o1 adh]+ rigidly to !ories1 w\ld =ce nature itself to yield to _! op9ion4 ,at a "t :5 ! affairs ( ,italy 7 9 a mo/ dang]\s crisis1 & an>*y actually prevail$ at ,rome1 he 0 ! able/ c\nsellor & auxili>y t ,pius ,,ix4 c\ld h plac$ at ! head ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,possess+ _m r>e end[m5ts1 ,c\nt ,rossi 0 n gift$ ) ^? outw>d graces :i* t5d s mu* to w9 favor = public m54 ,8 mann] 0 su* t he appe>$ cold & res]v$2 & 8 ke51 se>*+ lynx-l eye1 0 calculat$ to cause emb>rassm5t4 ,famili>ity ) ! objects ( sci5ce & habits ( diplomacy _h imp>t$ to him a gravity ( demeanor :i* 0 easily mi/ak5 = sup]cili\sness & disda94 ,)al he c>$ n to please1 pref]r+ to ex]cise influ5ce by /r5g? ( w & ! au?ority ( sup]ior intellect1 r ?an by attractive & amiable qualities & ! *>m ( ! affections4 ,he _h ! m9d ( a /atesman1 b own$ n t w9n+ ext]ior :i* ga9s ! cr[d & dis>ms ho/ility4 ,none b 8 own family knew h[ good he really 01 & h[ t5d]-m9d$1 s completely 0 all ?is excell5ce conceal$ by 8 cold & repulsive mann]4 ,! new m9i/] 0 resolv$1 above all1 to pres]ve ! sov]eignty ( ! ,holy ,see4 8,! ,papacy10 he wrote at ! "t1 8is ! la/ liv+ glory ( ,italy40 ,8 conduct 0 9 p]fect h>mony ) 8 language4 ,he appli$ ) no less ard\r ?an ability to ! "w t lay be=e him4 ,9 less ?an two mon?s he accompli%$ m ?an c be well conceiv$1 & fur!r measures 7 9 c\rse ( prep>ation4 ,^? matt]s to :i* he fir/ devot$ 8 *ief att5tion 7 ! ,int]ior ,gov]nm5t ( ,rome1 ! /ate ( ! ,pontifical f9ances & ! t]ritorial indep5d5ce ( ,italy4 ,he f\nd ! public treasury 9 imm95t dang] ( bankruptcy1 & he sav$ x by obta9+ ?ree millions ( ecus f ! ,roman cl]gy4 ,?r\gh ?is munific5t donation ! m9i/] 0 reliev$ f all disquietude z reg>d$ f9ance1 & s 0 enabl$ to direct 8 en]gies to ! m difficult task ( adapt+ ! adm9i/ration to ! new in/itutions4 ,! con/itution 01 inde$1 legally e/abli%$4 ,! object n[ to be aim$ at 0 to br+ its wise provisions into practical op]ation2 9 o!r words1 to create a con/itutional ,pontificate4 ,) a view to ?is desirable end1 ,m4 ,rossi prep>$ su* legislative measures z 7 calculat$ nicely to det]m9e ! sph]e ( action t %\ld be prop] to ea* ( ! p[]s4 ,by su* means only c\ld ! disord]ly =ce ( popul> movem5ts be controll$ & re/ra9$ )9 fix$ limits4 ,! ,civil ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,roman ,/ates requir$ to be entirely reorganiz$4 ,to ?is task also ! m9i/] dilig5tly appli$1 impress$ ) ! conviction t good laws are at once ! /ronge/ bulw>k ( lib]ty1 & ! mo/ effici5t *eck to arbitr>y p[]4 ,c\nt ,rossi 0 by bir? an ,italian4 ,he 0 s 9 feel+ also1 & 0 naturally l$ to consid] h[ he %\ld be/ avail himself 9 8 political arrangem5ts1 ( ! s\nd & enlight5$ doctr9es ( ,giob]ti & ,rosm9i4 ,) a view to ?is end he comm5c$ negotiations at ,tur91 ,naples & ,flor5ce1 = a conf$]ation ( ! ,italian ,/ates4 ,x 0 8 policy t all ^! ,/ates %\ld unite "u a g5]al gov]nm5t1 :il/ ea* ,/ate reta9$ ! =ms1 laws & in/itutions to :i* x _h be5 accu/om$4 ,c]ta9 relations betwe5 !m1 suitable to ! "t ( peace1 %\ld be e/abli%$1 z well z su* regulations z w\ld facilitate _! common action 9 case ( w>4 ,pius ,,ix4 saw ! wisdom ( ?is great design1 & favor$ its realization4 ,x r$\nds to 8 glory1 z a rul] ( mank9d1 t he decid$ = ?is salut>y measure f :i*1 if x _h be5 c>ri$ into effect1 might h result$1 9 "t1 ! complete emancipation & reg5]ation ( ,italy4 ,"t1 h[ev]1 0 n grant$1 & z we %all pres5tly see1 an>*y resum$ its dismal reign4 ,ant]ior to ! accession ( ,c\nt ,rossi's ,m9i/ry1 ! ,legislative ,*amb]s _h only wa/$ _! "t 9 unpr(itable debates4 ,x 0 appo9t$ t !y %\ld meet on ! #ae? ( ,decemb]1 #ahdh1 & ! m9i/] prep>$ a bold & en]getic1 b conciliatory address4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! p1 x 0 design$1 %\ld n[ he> no long] ! ambigu\s & facti\s h>angues ( a weak-m9d$ demagogue1 b ! true & c&id utt]ances ( a ,con/itutional ,gov]nm5t4 ,rossi %[$ himself on ?is occasion1 to :i* melan*oly circum/ances h add$ extraord9>y solemnity1 a grave & resolute m9i/]1 det]m9$ to appe> z ! c\nsellor ( 8 ,sov]eign & ! expon5t ( 8 views1 n z ! slave ( ! p & ! organ ( _! bl9d passions4 ,?is disc\rse 0 n de/9$ to be deliv]$4 ,x comm5c$ z foll[s3 8,sc>cely _h 8 ,hol9ess asc5d$ ! ,pontifical ?rone :5 ! ,ca?olic _w 0 fill$ ) admiration at 8 clem5cy z a ,pontiff & 8 wisdom z a temporal ,sov]eign4444 ,! mo/ important facts h %[n to mank9d ! fallacy ( ! gr\ndless pr$ictions ( t pret5d$ philosophy :i* _h decl>$ ! ,papacy to be1 f ! nature ( its con/itutive pr9ciple1 ! enemy ( con/itutional lib]ty4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few mon?s1 ! ,holy ,fa!r1 ( 8 own accord1 & )\t aid1 accompli%$ a "w :i* w\ld h suffic$ = ! glory ( a long reign4 ,hi/ory1 imp>tially s9c]e1 w repeat--& n )\t good reason--z x records ! acts ( ?is ,pontificate1 t ! ,*ur*1 immovable on h] ,div9e f\ndations1 & inflexible 9 ! sanctity ( h] dogmas1 always intellig5tly consid]s & enc\rages ) admirable prud5ce1 su* *anges z are suitable 9 ! ?+s ( ! _w40 ,! oration 01 ?r\gh\t1 a bold & lum9\s exposition ( ! ideas & policy :i* ,m4 ,rossi 0 *>g$ to c>ry into effect4 ,x 01 at ! same "t1 an e>ne/ appeal to ! repres5tative body 9 ord] to obta9 ! aid1 :i* 0 s necess>y1 ( _! loyal concurr5ce1 & ! m9i/] held himself b\nd 9 honor to abide /rictly by ! provisions ( ! con/itution4 ,! con/itution1 mean:ile1 0 9 pres5ce ( v det]m9$ enemies4 ,!y _h sworn its ov]?r[4 ,!y met1 h[ev]1 ) a =midable oppon5t 9 ! m9i/ry1 :i* 0 resolv$ to su/a9 ! new ord] ( ?+s1 & prep>$ to defeat all ! s*emes ( ! radical faction4 ,! con/itution itself 0 also a s]i\s imp$im5t to _! contrivances4 ,bo? con/itution & m9i/ry accord+ly became ! objects ( viol5t attacks at /reet meet+s & 9 ! revolution>y j\rnals4 ,! m9i/] 0 undaunt$4 8,to rea* ! ,holy ,fa!r10 said he1 8!y mu/ pass by my lifeless body40 ,?is noble det]m9ation only r5d]$ him m odi\s to ! revolutioni/s4 ,! lead]s ( ! ,r$ ,republic p>ty1 on _! return f a sci5tific ,congress at ,tur91 :]e ! "n ( sci5ce 0 only us$ z a cloak ! bett] to conceal _! plots1 decre$ t ,rossi %\ld be put to dea?4 ,mazz9i1 9 a lett] :i* 0 publi%$1 decl>$ t 8 assass9ation 0 indisp5sable4 ,9 "o ( ! clubs ( ,rome ! ,sociali/s select$ by lot ! assass9s :o %\ld be> a h& 9 ! murd] ( ! m9i/]4 ,! wret*$ man :o 0 appo9t$ to be ! pr9cipal actor 9 ! de$ ( blood actually practis$ on a dead body 9 "o ( ! hospitals4 ,! day on :i* ,p>liam5t 0 summon$ to meet1 #ae? ,novemb]1 0 to see ! full purpose ( ! faction c>ri$ into effect4 ,z almo/ always occurs 9 su* cases1 w>n+s rea*$ ! e>s ( ! int5d$ victim4 ,"s ( ! conspirators1 /ruck ) remorse1 _h s f> reveal$ ! plot4 ,o!rs boa/$ cynically t !y w\ld soon be rid ( ! oppressor4 ,! ,du*ess de ,rignano conjur$ ! m9i/] to rema9 at home4 ,equally solemn & urg5t words ( w>n+ came f o!r qu>t]s1 & 7 alike unhe$$4 ,if1 inde$1 he believ$ t !re 0 a plot1 he reli$ on dis>m+ ! hatr$ ( ! conspirators by 8 c\rage\s be>+1 & proce$$ f 8 h\se to ! ,quir9al ,palace4 ,:5 !re he address$ com=t+ words to ! ,pope1 :o 0 9 a a /ate ( great anxiety4 ,pius ,,ix41 9 be/[+ a p>t+ b5$iction1 e>ne/ly recomm5d$ t he %\ld keep on 8 gu>d4 ,at ! door ( ! ,pope's ap>tm5ts he met an ag$ prie/1 :o besee*$ him to rema94 8,if y proce$10 said he1 8y w be murd]$40 ,m4 ,rossi paus$ a mom5t & repli$3 8,! cause ( ! ,pope is ! cause ( ,god40 ,a gu>d ( c>ab9i]s1 trea*]\sly disobey+ ! ord]s :i* _h be5 giv5 !m1 7 abs5t f ! approa* to ! h\se :]e p>liam5t assembl$4 ,! m9i/] _h rea*$ ! /airs1 & 0 asc5d+ :5 a gr\p ( conspirators came ar\nd him4 ,at fir/ !y insult$ him4 ,!n "o ( ! assass9s /ruck him on ! %\ld]4 ,z he turn$ indignantly t[>ds ?is assass91 8 neck 0 expos$ to ! poni>d ( ano!r1 :o1 avail+ himself ( ! opportune mom5t1 dealt ! fatal bl[4 ,! m9i/] fell1 b$ew+ ) 8 blood ! /eps at ! v ?re%old ( ! legislative *amb]4 ,z ! details ( ! murd] 7 relat$ to ! memb]s1 !y rema9$ om9\sly sil5t4 ,n "o ( !m utt]$ a ^w 9 condemnation ( ?is mon/r\s crime4 ,!y proce$$ at once to ! bus9ess ( ! day4 ,al?\gh 9 ! op5 space at ! foot ( ! /airs :i* l$ to ! assembly hall ! civic gu>d 0 /ation$ 9 arms1 nobody arre/$1 or %[$ ! slighte/ incl9ation to arre/1 ! murd]]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! crim9al 0 conduct$1 n only unpuni%$ b 9 triumph1 ?r\gh ! /reets ( ! city by 8 accomplices4 ,a new hymn 0 sung--8,bless$ be ! h& t slew ,rossi40 ,! dagg] ( ! assass9 0 enwrea!d ) fl[]s & expos$ = public v5]ation 9 ! cafe ( ! ,f9e ,arts4 ,! populace1 9 ! excess ( _! phr5zy1 insult$ ! wid[ ( ! murd]$ m9i/]2 &1 by an extravagance ( irony1 !y requir$ t %e %\ld illum9ate h] h\se4 ,! newspap]s express$ approval ( ! crime1 z x 01 !y pret5d$1 ! necess>y manife/ation ( ! g5]al s5tim5t4 ,! :ole p1 by _! sil5ce1 al?\gh n by actual p>ticipation 9 su* demon-l rejoic+s1 decl>$ !mselves accomplices 9 ! de$ ( blood4 ,toge!r ) ! noble ,rossi p]i%$1 = ! "t1 ! cause ( ,rome1 ! cause ( ,italy4 ,:at might n h be5 ! ga9 to bo?1 if ! devot$ m9i/] _h be5 all[$ to fulfil 8 appo9t$ mission8 ,con/itutional gov]nm5t w\ld h be5 e/abli%$ on a solid & p]man5t basis2 ! wild agitation ( ! /reets w\ld h be5 br\ght to an end1 & ! excit$ passions ( ! revolution1 behold+ ! s\nd1 regul> & b5eficial work+ ( free political in/itutions1 w\ld h be5 aw$ into composure4 ,b1 sad reflection6 by an act :i* hi/ory w nev] cease to /igmatize1 ! only man :o1 by ! au?ority ( 8 reputation1 abilities & exp]i5ce1 0 equal to ! /up5d\s labor ( build+ up on sure f\ndations ! social fabric 0 /ruck d[n1 & ! nations ( ,europe1 :i* _h look$ on hi!rto 9 sympa?y1 recoil$ ) horror4 ,lib]al m5 ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w _h long be5 deeply int]e/$ 9 ! /ate ( ,italy4 ,su* 0 _! belief 9 ! bright future1 :i* !y 7 confid5t await$ h]1 t !y c\ld p>don ! ill-controll$ agitation ( h] *ildr51 & ev5 _! greate/ excesses1 :5 !y fir/ began to enjoy1 be=e !y knew h[ to use x1 ! unwont$ boon ( lib]ty4 ,) crime & ! evils :i* foll[$ 9 its tra9 !y _h no sympa?y4 ,a sy/em :i* reli$ on assass9ation c\ld n prosp]4 ,inaugurat$ by viol5ce1 x c\ld exi/ only by viol5ce4 ,! bett] feel+s ( mank9d 7 %ock$4 ,! die 0 ca/1 & ,rome 0 doom$4 ,! fat$ city _h rejoic$ 9 ! ex]cise ( unhall[$ =ce1 & ?r\gh t legitimate =ce :i*1 9 due "t1 ,div9e ,provid5ce all[$ to be br\ght aga9/ h]1 %e met h] puni%m5t4 ,) ! dea? ( ,rossi end$ all hope ( lib]ty4 ,! conspirators 7 resolv$ t no?+ %\ld be all[$ to delay ! b5efits :i* !y anticipat$ f _! crime4 ,all s5se ( propriety 0 n yet ext+ui%$ 9 ! repres5tative body4 ,!re 0 "q ( s5d+ a deputation to ! ,pope1 9 ord] to convey to him ! condol5ce ( ! ,*amb]1 & express _! regret = ! sad ev5t4 ,?is /ep1 :i* good s5se & prop] feel+ s urg5tly dem&$1 0 oppos$1 & only too successfully1 by ,*>les ,bonap>te1 ,pr9ce ( ,can9o4 7,m#a7 ,! revolutioni/s n[ resolv$ !mselves into a k9d ( p]man5t club4 ,?is club set ab\t mak+ a great demon/ration1 & requir$ t bo? ! civic gu>d & ! army %\ld jo9 !m4 ,:5 all 0 ready = ?is purpose1 a mob :i* _h = "s "t be5 9 c\rse ( organization m>*$ to ! ,quir9al ,palace1 :]e ! ,pope resid$1 & po9t$ cannon aga9/ ! gates4 ,!y also caus$ muskets to be dis*>g$ f ! neighbor+ h\ses4 ,monsignore ,palma fell1 mortally w\nd$1 & expir$7#a7 at ! feet ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,!y next set fire to "o ( ! gates4 ,b ! ,swiss ,gu>ds succe$$ 9 ext+ui%+ ! flames4 ,! rebels n[ ?reat5$ to put to dea? all ! inmates ( ! palace1 ) ! exception ( ,pius ,,ix4 himself1 unless he cons5t$ to _! unreasonable dem&s4 ,ev5 he w\ld n h be5 sp>$1 z 0 b too well %[n by ! balls :i* fell 9 8 ap>tm5ts4 ,until ?is mom5t ! ,holy ,fa!r _h resolutely refus$ to accept a m9i/ry1 to press :i* ^u him 0 an insult4 ,n[1 b only 9 ord] to save ! lives ( ! p ar\nd him1 he submitt$ to ?is indignity4 ,mamiani1 ) 8 =m] programme1 support$ by ! con/itu5t assembly1 :i* consi/$ ( ! repres5tatives ( all ,italy1 toge!r ) ,dr4 ,/]b9i1 ,g>etti1 & f\r o!r p]sons equally unacceptable1 con/itut$ ?is ,sociali/ m9i/ry4 ,!y desir$ also to include 9 ! s9i/] li/ ! celebrat$ ,abbate ,rosm9i4 ,b ?is gift$ & em95t div9e refus$ to take "p ) !m1 or l5d any c\nt5ance to _! proce$+s4 ,on ! #ag? ,novemb] sev]al memb]s ( ! repres5tative *amb] propos$ t a deputation %\ld be s5t to ,pius ,,ix41 9 ord] to express to him _! devot$ness & gratitude4 ,!y 7 n :olly lo/ to all s5se ( propriety4 ,b ! ,pr9ce de ,can9o1 true to 8 antec$5ts1 succe$$ 9 prev5t+ s laudable a purpose f be+ c>ri$ into effect4 ,he decl>$ t su* a /ep w\ld be imprud5t1 & t !y might h cause to rep5t x4 8,citiz5 ,bonap>te10 su* 0 ! appellation he glori$ 91 fur!r said t ! ,italian p 7 und5iably ! ma/]s n[1 & t !y well und]/ood h[ to humble all p>liam5ts1 m9i/]s & ?rones t %\ld oppose _! en]getic impulses4 7,m#b7 ,mean:ile ! ,pope1 9 su* a fe>ful crisis1 0 ab&on$ by all save a few fri5ds1 ! (ficials ( 8 ,palace1 8 fai?ful ,swiss ,gu>ds & ! =eign ambassadors4 ,among ^? :o rema9$ ) him 7 six ,noble ,gu>ds1 & ! ,c>d9als ,soglia & ,antonelli4 ,?is 0 all ! c\rt & army t 0 left to ! great ,pontiff1 :o _h be5 s des]v$ly ! idol ( 8 p & ! hope ( mank9d4 ,9 s desp]ate a condition he nev] lo/ confid5ce4 ,?r\gh\t all ! try+ circum/ances he 0 self-possess$ & s]5e4 ,no?+ pa9$ him s mu* z ! +ratitude ( 8 p4 ,! new m9i/ry ( subv]sion _h extort$ f ! ,pope 8 =c$ & reluctant cons5t to _! =mation4 ,he deem$ x 8 duty to prote/1 :i* he did 9 ! mo/ solemn mann]1 aga9/ !m & all _! acts1 be=e all ! ,*ri/ian ,european nations1 z repres5t$ by _! ambassadors4 ,^! ambassadors & diplomati/s 7 ,m>tizez ,della ,rosa1 ! ambassador ( ,spa91 ) ! ,secret>y ( ! ,embassy1 ,m4 ,arnao2 ! ,duke d',h>c\rt1 ambassador ( ,france2 ! ,c\nt de ,spaur1 ambassador ( ,bav>ia2 ! ,b>on ,v5da ,cruz1 ambassador ( ,portugal1 ) ! ,comm&ant ,hu/on2 ! ,c\nt ,b\t5ieff1 :o repres5t$ at t "t ! ,emp]or ( ,russia & ,k+ ( ,pol&2 ,figu]eido1 ambassador ( ,brazil2 ,li$ek]ke ( ,holl&1 & sev]al o!r diplomati/s1 ( :om n "o 0 an ,italian4 ,!re 0 at ,rome also on ! occasion1 al?\gh n 9 ! ap>tm5ts ( ! ,pope1 a ,briti% /atesman1 :o 0 n an ambassador1 inasmu* z1 :atev] may h be5 8 bus9ess at ,rome1 he _h no recogniz$ mission1 if any mission at all1 to ! ,sov]eign ( ,rome4 ,he 0 r (fici\s ?an (ficial1 & :e!r he _h commission or n1 he held1 z is well kn[n1 s]i\s communications ) ! enemies ( ! ,pope4 ,"l ,m9to 0 en?usia/ically receiv$ by ! secret societies ( ,rome4 ,! p1 =gett+ at ! "t ! way to ! ,quir9al1 w5t to s]5ade him4 ,"l ,m9to frequ5t$ 8! popul> circle0 7a b& ( ?ree hundr$ *os5 agitators1 ^: (fice x 0 to c>ry ! tor* ( discord into all ! cities ( ! ,papal ,/ates & ( ,italy7 & ! (fices ( ! ,sociali/ newspap]4 ,he w5t s f> z to receive c\rte\sly ,cic]vac*io1 & made v]ses = 8 son ,cic]vac*ietto4 ,! ,e>l ( ,m9to 0 n1 h[ev]1 a fai?ful expon5t ( ! op9ions ( ,briti% /atesm54 ,few ( !m1 =tunately1 held ! subv]sive doctr9es t 7 c\nt5anc$ by 8 lord%ip :5 repres5t+ at ,rome ! lea/ respectable portion ( ! ,:ig p>ty4 ,! multitude1 intoxicat$ ) _! delusive success1 & ! desp]ate m5 :o l$ !m1 7 /ill celebrat+ _! ill-ga9$ victory1 ! frequ5t dis*>ge ( fire-arms & ! impassion$ vocif]ations ( ! cr[d 7 yet rev]b]at+ ?r\gh ! v5]able edifices ( ,rome1 :5 ! ,holy ,fa!r address$ ! foll[+ words1 giv+ pro( ( ! deepe/ emotion :il/ he spoke1 to ! ambassadors :o rema9$ ) him3 8,g5tlem51 ,i am a prison] "h4 ,n[ t ,i am depriv$ ( all support & ( all p[]1 my :ole conduct w h only "o aim--to prev5t any1 ev5 "o drop ( frat]nal blood f be+ uselessly %$ 9 my cause4 ,i yield ev]y?+ to ?is pr9ciple2 b at ! same "t ,i am anxi\s t y1 g5tlem51 %\ld "k1 t all ,europe %\ld be made aw>e1 t ,i take no "p1 ev5 nom9ally1 9 ?is gov]nm5t1 & t ,i am resolv$ to rema9 an absolute /rang] to x4 ,i h =bidd5 !m to abuse my "n2 ,i h ord]$ t rec\rse %\ld n be _h ev5 to ! ord9>y =mulas40 ,! repres5tatives ( ! ,european ,p[]s receiv$ respectfully1 & ) feel+s :i* f\nd expression 9 te>s1 ! prote/ation ( ,pius ,,ix41 :o 0 n[ a prison] 9 8 own mansion1 & a ho/age ( ! revolution>y faction4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 9 imm95t dang]4 ,a prison]1 & surr\nd$ by implacable enemies1 he _h no p[] to protect 8 own life or t ( any fai?ful citiz5s4 ,_m :o 7 devot$ to 8 cause _h be5 oblig$ to leave ! city4 ,! ,c>d9als1 inde$1 7 all true to _! illu/ri\s ,*ief4 ,b sev]al 7 driv5 by ?reats ( assass9ation to g into exile4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,sa9t ,ignatius )drew1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 9 ord] to escape ! wra? ( ! excit$ multitude4 ,! ,pope himself knew n :i!r to direct 8 /eps4 7,m#c7 ,! revolution 0 ev]y:]e4 ,x _h n yet conqu]$1 b x di/urb$ all ,europe4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! ,p[]s rema9$ devot$ly ) ! ,pope4 ,b ! c\ntries :i* w\ld h su/a9$ !m 7 di/ract$ by political commotions4 ,! ,k+ ( ,naples 0 ?reat5$ on all h&s by revolution4 ,lomb>dy & ,v5ice 7 9 a /ate ( insurrection4 ,pi$mont 0 mak+ w> on ,au/ria1 & all ,hung>y 0 9 rebellion4 ,! ,emp]or ,f]d9& 0 compell$ twice ov] by civil commotion to ab&on 8 capital4 ,unable to face ! revolution>y tide1 he h&$ ov] 8 tott]+ ?rone to a y\? ( eighte5 ye>s4 ,! ,k+ ( ,prussia & o!r ,g]man ,sov]eigns1 :o hop$ at fir/ to direct ! revolution>y movem5t z to d]ive f x new /r5g?1 7 oblig$ ei!r to fly be=e x or to /ruggle aga9/ x 9 ! /reets4 ,france1 :o comm5c$ ! di/urbance :i* 0 n[ s g5]al1 0 compell$ to fight = h] exi/5ce aga9/ h] own *ildr54 ,h] *ief city1 ,p>is1 _h become a battle-field1 :]e wick$ m5 & equally wick$ wom5 slew ! soldi]s ( ! c\ntry ) poison$ balls4 ,a great] numb] ( ! be/ (fic]s ( ,france fell 9 a s+le fight aga9/ ,p>isian an>*y ?an dur+ ! :ole "t ( ! w> ) ! wild ,b$\9s ( ,africa4 7,m#d7 ,at ,rome ! revolution>y faction 0 ga9+ /r5g?1 & ! position ( ! ,pope 0 becom+ e day m p]il\s4 ,x 0 ! op9ion ( 8 mo/ devot$ fri5ds t he %\ld leave ! city4 ,b to :at c\ntry %\ld he repair8 ,all ,europe 0 agitat$ by revolution>y tr\bles4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r 0 /ill undecid$1 :5 he receiv$ f ! ,bi%op ( ,val5ce a lett] ( wise c\nsel1 toge!r ) a preci\s gift--! ,pyx :i* ! v5]able ,pius ,,vi4 _h borne on 8 p]son :5 an exile & ! captive ( an e>li] revolution4 ,pius ,,ix41 on receiv+ a pres5t :i* 0 s sugge/ive1 resolv$ to rema9 no long] 9 ! p[] ( 8 enemies4 ,) ! assi/ance ( ! ,duke d',h>c\rt1 ambassador ( ,france1 & ! ,bav>ian ,ambassador1 ,c\nt de ,spaur1 he left ! ,quir9al ,palace & ! city ( ,rome4 ,he 0 safely conduct$ by ! latt] p]sonage to ,albano1 & !nce 9 ?is ambassador's c>riage to ,gaeta1 9 ! k+dom ( ,naples4 ,z soon z 8 arrival !re 0 intimat$ to ,k+ ,f]d9&1 :o 0 n yet depriv$ ( 8 royal p[]1 ?is mon>*1 att5d$ by a brilliant suite1 emb>k$ = ,gaeta1 9 ord] to welcome ! ,holy ,fa!r & assure him ( protection4 ,dur+ sev5te5 mon?s t ,pius ,,ix4 resid$ z a volunt>y exile 9 ! k+dom ( ,naples1 ,f]d9& ceas$ n to af=d all ! com=t 9 8 p[] to ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff4 ,8 conduct t[>ds him 9 e respect 0 beyond all praise4 ,z a fell[-man1 he consol$ him 9 8 sorr[s2 z a pr9ce1 he ent]ta9$ him ) truly royal magnific5ce1 sp>+ no?+ t 0 calculat$ to less51 ev5 to d away ) ! pa9 & t$ium ( exile1 :il/1 z a fai?ful ,*ri/ian1 he fulfill$ e filial duty t[>ds ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/1 expiat+1 z f> z 0 possible1 ! crimes committ$ aga9/ him by s _m ru?less enemies4 7,m#e7 ,! revolution ( ano!r c\ntry _h = *iefs su* m5 z ,robespi]re4 ,t ( ,rome & ,italy glori$ 9 ,mazz9i1 :o ord]$ ! assass9ation ( ,c\nt ,rossi4 ,!re 0 at ,rome ano!r revolution>y lead]1 ! ,advocate ,armell9i1 :o pron\nc$ ! d[nfall ( ! ,pope f 8 temporal sov]eignty4 ,?is consi/orial advocate _h1 six times ov]1 solemnly sworn fidelity to ! ,pontiff4 ,he _h ev5 compos$ 9 honor ( ! ,papacy a sonnet1 9 :i* are read ^! rem>kable words3 8,i spoke ) ,"t1 & ask$ x :at _h become ( s _m empires1 ( ^? k+doms ( ,argos & ,!bes & ,sidon1 & s _m o!rs :i* _h prec$$ or foll[$ !m4 ,= only answ]1 ,"t /rew$ its passage ) %r$s ( purple & k+ly mantles1 fragm5ts ( armor1 wrecks ( cr[ns1 & ca/ at my feet ?\s&s ( brok5 sceptres4 ,i !n enquir$ :at w\ld become ( ! ?rones ( to-day4 ,:at ! fir/ became1 0 ! reply--& ,"t wav$ ! direful scy! :i* levels all ?+s "u its m]ciless /rokes--^! also w be4 ,i ask$ if a l de/9y 0 9 /ore = ! ,?rone ( ,pet]4 ,"t 0 sil5t2 ,et]nity alone c\ld reply40 ,n long aft] ! dep>ture ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 ?is traitor1 ,armell9i1 gave a banquet to ! pr9cipal *iefs ( ! revolution4 ,8 wife1 :o _h (t5 *>g$ him ) ! violation ( 8 oa?1 rema9$ on ?is occasion 9 h] ap>tm5t1 le/ %e %\ld be contam9at$ by any1 ev5 an app>5t association )1 su* m5 z ,/]b9i1 ,mamiani1 ,galetti & o!rs4 ,! gue/s enquir$ ! cause ( h] abs5ce1 :5 sudd5ly ! door op5$1 & ,madam ,armell9i1 pale1 animat$1 9 a ?reat5+ attitude1 & ) a roll ( pap] 9 h] h&1 exclaim$3 8,y are all accurs$6 ,fe> ! judgm5ts ( ,god1 y1 :o 9 contempt ( y\r oa?s1 al?\gh unable to slay1 h bani%$ 8 m9i/]4 ,dread ! ,div9e ang]4 ,pius ,,ix41 f 8 place ( exile1 appeals to ,god aga9/ y4 ,li/5 to 8 words40 ,%e unroll$ sl[ly1 z %e spoke1 ! pap] :i* %e held 9 h] h&1 & read 9 a firm voice1 emphasis+ e ^w1 ! decree ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 :i* conta9$ a ?reat ( excommunication4 ,?is read+ came l a lightn+ /roke on ! />tl$ gue/s4 ,madam ,armell9i1 aft] a mom5t's sil5ce1 resum$3 8,sirs1 h y und]/ood8 ,! av5g+ h& :i* none c escape is susp5d$ ov] y\r heads1 ready to /rike4 ,b !re is /ill "t4 ,! voice ( ,god has n yet1 ?r\gh t ( 8 ,vic>1 fulm9at$ ! t]rible s5t5ce4 ,= ! sake ( y\r happ9ess 9 ?is _w & y\r salvation 9 ! next1 ?r[ y\rselves on 8 m]cy4 ,! cup ( y\r iniquities is fill+ fa/4 ,da% x f y be=e x ov]fl[40 ,hav+ ?us spok51 ?is c\rage\s woman1 ^: j indignation 0 at its height1 approa*$ h] husb& & ?rew d[n be=e him1 on ! table1 ! decree ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,%e !n )drew4 7,m#f7 ,ab\t two mon?s & a half aft] ! assass9ation ( ! ,pope's m9i/]1 ,c\nt ,rossi1 ! lead+ conspirators caus$ x to be decre$1 9 _! revolution>y assembly1 t ! ,papacy 0 fall51 de facto et de jure1 f ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,roman ,/ates4 ,!y made a fa%ion ( provid+1 at ! same "t1 t ! ,pontiff %\ld h all necess>y gu>antees = 8 indep5d5ce 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 spiritual (fice4 ,above all1 !y =got n to decl>e t ! =m ( gov]nm5t %\ld be purely democratic1 & assume ! glori\s "n ( ,roman ,republic4 ,all ?is 0 v little 9 h>mony ) ! s5tim5ts :i* 7 express$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! popul> movem5ts4 ,) reg>d to ^! s5tim5ts1 :i* 7 s l\dly & app>5tly also s s9c]ely proclaim$1 new light 0 disp5s$4 ,mazz9i arriv$ at ,rome z a deputy to ! ,revolution>y ,conv5tion4 ,he _h no soon] tak5 8 place !re ?an he decl>$ t ! reit]at$ vivats 9 honor ( ! re=m+ ,pope 7 lies1 & 7 _h rec\rse to 9 ord] to conceal designs :i* x 0 n yet "t to reveal4 ,is !re n reason to believe t ! new wat*word1 8,live ! ,roman p60 0 equally s9c]e8 ,x is well kn[n t !y nev] w\ld admit a fair repres5tation ( ! p4 ,& _h !y n decl>$ t !y are incapable ( gov]n+ !mselves1 & mu/ be rul$ ) a rod ( iron8 7,m#g7 ,public op9ion at ! same "t gave ! lie to _! unw>rantable pret5sions4 ,! revolution>y *iefs gave out 9 an (ficial proclamation1 8t a republic _h aris5 at ,rome on ! ru9s ( ! ,papal ,?rone1 :i* ! unanim\s voice ( ,europe1 ! mal$iction ( all civiliz$ p & ! _s ( ! ,gospel1 _h levell$ 9 ! du/40 ,n only ! nations ( ,europe1 b also ! :ole civiliz$ _w & p1 ! mo/ remote1 :o sc>cely yet enjoy$ ! bless+s ( civilization1 made ha/e to d5y an ass]tion :i* 0 z false z x 0 audaci\s4 ,all ! nations ( ,*ri/5dom 7 deeply mov$ :5 !y he>d ( ! outrages :i* ! ,roman populace _h heap$ ^u ! common ,fa!r ( ! fai?ful4 ,compassion 0 univ]sally express$1 toge!r ) pr(essions ( duty & ob$i5ce1 :il/ !re 0 only indignation at ! base conduct ( ! faction :i* p]secut$ him4 ,!re 0 sc>cely a ,sov]eign ,pr9ce 9 ,europe :o did n s5d to ,pius ,,ix4 mo/ affectionate lett]s1 expressive ( rev]5ce & devot$ness1 :il/ !y promis$ assi/ance & def5ce4 ,! f\r ,ca?olic ,p[]s1 & n )\t ! cons5t ( ! o!r ,/ates1 unit$ 9 ord] to drive ! rebels f ,rome & ! ,roman ,/ates1 & re/ore to ! ,pontiff 8 temporality4 ,9 ! repres5tative assemblies ( ,france & ,spa91 ! mo/ eloqu5t orators upheld ! rights ( ! ,holy ,see1 ! utility & necessity ( ! complete indep5d5ce ( ! ,roman ,pontiff1 bo? = ! gov]nm5t ( 8 ,/ates & ! ex]cise ( 8 spiritual p[]4 ,at ! same "t num]\s associations 7 =m$ "u ! auspices ( ! civil & ecclesia/ical au?orities1 = ! purpose ( collect+ (f]+s 9 aid ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 impov]i%$ z he 0 by ! privation ( 8 rev5ues4 ,^! associations ext5d$ n only ?r\gh\t ,europe1 b 7 e/abli%$ also 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,india1 ,*9a & ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s4 ,! poore/ ev51 l ! wid[ ( ! ,gospel1 insi/$ on contribut+ _! mite4 ,_m t\*+ in/ances are quot$4 ,"s "y p]sons1 :o 7 only humble artisans1 manag$ by great economy to save "s ?irty-five livres1 & s5t !m1 accompani$ ) a v feel+ address1 to ! association ( _! locality4 8,if1 at ?is mom5t10 !y said1 8we 7 ne> ! ,holy ,fa!r1 we w\ld say to him1 :il/ rev]5tly kneel+ at 8 feet3 ,mo/ ,holy ,fa!r1 ?is is ! happie/ ( our days4 ,we are a society ( "y p]sons :o consid] x our greate/ happ9ess to give pro( ( our v5]ation = y\r ,hol9ess4 ,we claim to be y\r mo/ affectionate *ildr52 & not)/&+ ! ef=ts ( ill-dispos$ p]sons to sep>ate u f ,ca?olic unity1 we decl>e t we recognize 9 y\r ,hol9ess ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet] & ! ,vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,we are prep>$ to sacrifice all t we possess1 & ev5 our life1 9 ord] to prove ourselves wor?y *ildr5 ( s good a ,fa!r40 ,! te/imony ( y\? & innoc5ce is preci\s 9 ! sight ( heav54 ,h5ce1 allusion is made to ?is case 9 pref]5ce to s _m o!rs4 ,ex ore infantium et lactantium p]feci/i laudem4 ,on occasion ( receiv+ su* g5u9e m>ks ( filial devot$ness ,pius ,,ix4 0 (t5 mov$ to te>s4 ,! revival ( ! (f]+ ( 8,pet]'s ,p5ce0 recalls to m9d ! piety ( ! e>ly ages4 ,?is practice 0 9 vigor :5 ! _w _h sc>cely yet begun to believe4 ,x is n a little rem>kable t x has be5 r5ew$ 9 an age :5 s _m h fall5 f belief4 ,! m ! ,*ur* 0 p]secut$ 9 ! e>ly days ! m 7 h] m9i/]s held 9 honor4 ,su*1 "o is compell$ to say1 is h] de/9y 9 all ages4 ,pius ,,ix41 :5 an exile at ,gaeta1 0 ! object ( ! mo/ respectful & devot$ att5tions ( all classes ( ,*ri/ians 9 e l&4 ,bi%ops1 ecclesia/ical communities1 religi\s congregations1 all ord]s ( ,*ri/ian p1 vi$ ) "o ano!r 9 _! zeal to d him honor4 ,z _m z six1 eight1 elev5 ?\s& signatures 7 (t5 app5d$ to ! same dutiful address4 ,! memory ( su* fai? & devot$ness c nev] p]i%4 ,a selection ( lett]s & addresses to ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 publi%$ at ,naples 9 two l>ge qu>to volumes1 "u ! title3 ,! ,ca?olic _w to ,pius ,,ix41 ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 an exile at ,gaeta f #ahdh to #ahej4 7,m#h7 ,:5 ,pet] himself 0 9 prison ! :ole ,*ur* 0 mov$1 & pray$ = 8 release4 ,x spe$ily foll[$4 ,pray]1 no less e>ne/1 0 made 9 behalf ( 8 successor4 ,) :at success a few words w %[4 ,! deliv]]s 7 ! ,pr9ces & p ( ,ca?olic ,europe4 ,if !re 0 /ill "s delay x 0 only t = :i* diplomacy is prov]bial4 ,au/ria1 t _h m ?an once obey$ ! voice ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 9 )draw+ h] troops f ! ,roman ,/ates1 & aga9/ :i* he _h s (t5 refus$ to all[ w> to be decl>$1 0 ! fir/ n[ to propose t measures %\ld be adopt$ = 8 re/oration4 ,9 a note address$ by ?is ,/ate to ! o!r ,p[]s we f9d ! foll[+ words3 8,! ,ca?olic _w is entitl$ to require = ! visible ,*ief ( ! ,*ur* ! pl5itude ( lib]ty :i* is ess5tial = ! gov]nm5t ( ,ca?olic society1 & ! re/oration ( t anci5t mon>*y :i* has subjects 9 e "p ( ! _w4 ,! ,ca?olic nations w nev] all[ ! head ( _! ,*ur* to be robb$ ( 8 indep5d5ce & r$uc$ to be ! subject ( a =eign ,pr9ce4 ,!y w n suff] him to be degrad$ by a faction :i*1 "u ! cloak ( 8 v5]able "n1 is endeavor+ to und]m9e & de/roy 8 p[]4 ,9 ord] t ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 :o is at ! same "t ! ,sov]eign ,pa/or ( ! ,*ur*1 may be able to ex]cise ! duties ( 8 exalt$ (fice1 x is necess>y t he %\ld be also ,sov]eign ( ,rome40 ,spa9 came next4 ,on ! #ba/ ,decemb]1 #ahdh1 ! ,spani% m9i/ry address$ to ! o!r ,ca?olic nations ! foll[+ circul> lett]3 8,! gov]nm5t ( h] ,maje/y has decid$ on do+ :atev] %all be necess>y 9 ord] to re9/ate ! ,holy ,fa!r 9 a /ate ( indep5d5ce & dignity1 :i* w admit ( 8 dis*>g+ ! duties ( 8 sacr$ (fice4 ,) a view to ?is end ! gov]nm5t ( ,spa91 hav+ be5 appris$ ( ! ,pope's flight1 address$ ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 :i* decl>$ itself prep>$ to su/a9 ! lib]ty ( ! ,pontiff4 ,^! negotiations1 nev]!less1 may be consid]$ z insuffici5t :5 we glance at ! turn :i* affairs h tak5 at ,rome4 ,!re is no "q any long] ( protect+ ! lib]ty ( ! ,pope1 b ( re-e/abli%+ 8 au?ority on a solid & /able basis1 & ( secur+ him aga9/ viol5ce4 ,x is well kn[n to y t ! ,ca?olic ,p[]s h always _h x at he>t to gu>antee ! sov]eignty ( ! ,pope1 & assure to him an indep5d5t position4 ,su* position is s important = ! ,*ri/ian ,/ates t x _c on any acc\nt be subject$ to ! w & pleasure ( s small a portion ( ! ,ca?olic _w z ! ,roman ,/ates4 ,x is ! belief ( ,spa9 t ! ,ca?olic ,p[]s _c commit ! lib]ty ( ! ,pope to ! caprice ( ! city ( ,rome4 ,nor c !y p]mit t1 :il/ all ! ,ca?olic nations are w>mly (f]+ to ! ,holy ,fa!r pro(s ( _! pr(\nd respect1 a s+le t[n ( ,italy %all d>e to outrage 8 dignity1 & re/rict ! ,pope to a /ate ( indep5d5ce :i* c\ld be s easily abus$ at any "t z a religi\s p[]4 ,^! consid]ations induce ! gov]nm5t ( h] ,maje/y to invite ! o!r ,ca?olic ,p[]s to come to an und]/&+ on ! means to be employ$ = av]t+ ! evils :i* w\ld arise1 if matt]s rema9$ 9 _! pres5t position4 ,9 fur!rance ( ?is object1 h] ,maje/y has ord]$ h] gov]nm5t to address ! gov]nm5ts ( ,france1 ,au/ria1 ,bav>ia1 ,s>d9ia1 ,tuscany & ,naples1 9 ord] to invite !m to "n ,pl5ipot5ti>ies1 & appo9t ! place :]e !y %all meet40 ,! ,ca?olic ,p[]s welcom$ cordially ?is admirable note1 :i* express$ s cle>ly ! idea :i* !y all ent]ta9$4 ,pi$mont alone1 z if already ca/+ a covet\s eye on ,rome & its t]ritory1 refus$ to concur4 ,its refusal 0 express$ by ! p5 ( ! once s highly e/eem$ ,abbate ,giob]ti1 :o 0 ,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,x 0 n long till ,pi$mont reap$ its rew>d4 ,! foll[+ ye>1 #ahdi1 on ! #bb;d ( ,m>*1 x _h to lam5t ! disa/r\s battle ( ,nov>a4 ,n long aft]1 ,c>d9al ,antonelli1 :o rema9$ ) ! ,pope1 address$1 on ! "p ( ! ,holy ,see1 to ! gov]nm5ts ( ,france1 ,au/ria1 ,spa9 & ,naples1 a highly important pap]4 ,x recapitulat$1 9 a cle> & =cible mann]1 all t _h occurr$ at ,rome f ! "t ( ! ,pope's dep>ture till ! #ah? ( ,febru>y1 & !n reque/$1 9 ! mo/ =mal & press+ way possible1 ! int]v5tion ( ^! f\r ,ca?olic ,p[]s4 ,! gov]nm5ts ?us appeal$ to promptly repli$ by s5d+ ,pl5ipot5ti>ies to ,gaeta1 :]e ! ,pope desir$ t ! diplomatic conf]5ce %\ld be op5$4 ,! ,ca?olic c\ntries _h already anticipat$ ! int5tions ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff--"s by acts1 o!rs by en]getic resolutions4 ,on ! "o h&1 ,g5]al ,cavaignac1 to :om ,france _h = ! "t committ$ h] sword1 _h conc5trat$1 z e>ly z ! mon? ( ,septemb]1 #ahdh1 a body ( troops "u ! comm& ( ,g5]al ,molli]e1 ^: duty x %\ld be to hold !mselves 9 read9ess to emb>k = ,italy at ! fir/ signal4 ,spa91 on ! o!r h&1 prep>$ h] fleet4 ,! ,k+ ( ! ,two ,sicilies c\ld sc>cely re/ra9 ! ardor ( 8 soldi]s4 ,portugal1 ev51 :i* _h n be5 m5tion$ 9 ! docum5t address$ to ! f\r ,ca?olic ,p[]s1 consid]$ x a duty to cause x to be repres5t$ to ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,pope ?r\gh its ambassador1 ! ,b>on de ,v]da ,cruz1 t ! ,portuguese p w\ld be mo/ happy to take up arms 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,papal cause4 ,portugal 0 among ! fir/1 on occasion ( ! #af? ,novemb]1 #ahdh1 to (f] hospitality to ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 & to invite him to "o ( ! f9e/ resid5ces 9 ,*ri/5dom1 ! magnific5t palace ( ,mafra4 7,m#i7 ,! "t ( ! ,holy ,fa!r at ,gaeta 0 employ$1 z x usually is1 9 pray]1 ! giv+ ( audi5ces & ! bus9ess ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 "o po9t1 !re 0 an exception to ! rules ( ! ,papal ,c\rt4 ,! ,k+ ( ,naples1 ! ,que5 & ! ,pr9ces 7 admitt$ e day to ! table ( ! ,pope4 ,k+ ,f]d9&1 not)/&+ 8 fri5dly relations ) ,pius ,,ix41 nev] avail$ himself ( ?is privilege )\t a new daily invitation4 ,9 all o!r respects1 likewise1 8 conduct t[>ds ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 all t ! mo/ dev\t ,ca?olic c\ld desire4 7,m#aj7 ,! int]nal /ate ( ! ,ca?olic ,p[]s caus$ _! action to be delay$4 ,! political tr\bles ( ! ,au/rian ,empire oblig$ ! ,emp]or ,f]d9& to abdicate 9 favor ( 8 y\?ful nephew1 ,francis ,joseph4 ,france 0 labor+ to consolidate h] newly-f\nd$ ,republic4 ,!re 0 "q ( elect+ a presid5t4 ,& if1 on ! occasion1 ,pr9ce ,l\is ,napoleon ,bonap>te secur$ ! greate/ numb] ( votes1 he ow$ ?is success1 if n :olly1 9 great measure1 at lea/1 to 8 repudiation ( ! undutiful conduct ( 8 c\s91 ! ,pr9ce ( ,can9o1 at ,rome1 & 8 decl>ation 9 favor ( ! temporal sov]eignty ( ! ,pope4 ,on ! eve ( ! election he wrote z foll[s to ! ,papal ,nuncio3 8,my ,"l1 ,i am anxi\s t ! rumors :i* t5d to make me an accomplice ( ! conduct ( ,pr9ce ,can9o at ,rome %\ld n be cr$it$ by y4 ,i h n1 = a long "t1 _h any relations ) ! elde/ son ( ,luci5 ,bonap>te2 & ,i am pr(\ndly griev$ t he has n und]/ood t ! ma9t5ance ( ! temporal sov]eignty ( ! v5]able ,head ( ! ,*ur* is intimately connect$ ) ! glory ( ,ca?olicism1 no less ?an ) ! lib]ty & indep5d5ce ( ,italy4 ,accept1 my ,"l1 ! expression ( my s5tim5ts ( high e/eem4 8,,l\is ,,napoleon ,,bonap>te40 7,m#aa7 ,spa9 _h already despat*$ a fleet to ,gaeta1 ! ,au/rians _h advanc$ 9 ! direction ( ,f]r>a1 & ! ,k+ ( ,naples at ,t]rac9a1 :51 on ! #be? ( ,april #ahdi1 a ,fr5* army1 "u ! comm& ( ,g5]al ,oud9ot1 disemb>k$ at ,civita ,vec*ia4 ,?is milit>y exp$ition 01 at fir/1 consid]ably ?w>t$ by diplomacy4 ,! g5]al-9-*ief 0 assur$ at ! outset t he _h only to %[ himself be=e ! walls ( ,rome1 & ! gates w\ld be op5$ imm$iately 9 consequ5ce ( ! reaction :i* 0 tak+ place )94 ,accord+ly1 ! army advanc$1 on ! #cj? ,april1 to ! foot ( ! ramp>ts1 & 0 receiv$ ) a dis*>ge ( fire-arms4 ,nev]!less1 "o ( ! gates 0 op5$ to a ,fr5* battalion4 ,! ,romans came out 9 cr[ds1 wav+ :ite h&k]*iefs1 & %\t+1 8,peace is conclud$6 ,peace = ev]6 ,enemies 9 ! morn+1 we are bro!rs ?is ev5+6 ,long live ! ,fr5*60 ,! soldi]s1 deceiv$ by ^! demon/rations1 7 p]suad$ to ent] !y city4 ,!y 7 at once dis>m$ & decl>$ prison]s ( w>4 ,x 0 n[ manife/ t a regul> siege 0 necess>y4 ,an imp$im5t 01 h[ev]1 ?r[n 9 ! way ( milit>y op]ations1 by a civil or diplomatic ag5t :o ent]$ ,rome1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks conclud$ ) ! revolutioni/s a treaty :i* 0 contr>y to 8 in/ructions1 to ^? ( ! comm&]-9-*ief1 to ! honor ( ,france & ! objects ( ! exp$ition4 ,odillon ,b>rot 01 at t "t1 ,presid5t ( ! ,fr5* ,m9i/ry--! same ,odillon ,b>rot :o1 9 #ahcj1 0 prefect ( police1 & all[$ ! mansion ( ! ,ar*bi%op to be demoli%$ )\t tak+ any measures = its protection4 ,su* conduct1 z has be5 well obs]v$1 %[$ t ?is (ficial lov$ an>*y m ?an ord]4 ,h5ce1 probably1 arose ^? imp$im5ts to ! ,roman exp$ition :i* gave "t to 7,m#ab7 ! revolutioni/s to organize1 "u ! lead]%ip ( a *ief ( b&itti1 ,g>ibaldi1 ( ,g5oa4 ,!y avail$ !mselves1 at ! same "t1 ( ! leisure af=d$1 to massacre _m fai?ful prie/s1 to enable "s r5egade monks to pr(ane ! solemnities ( religion1 & to commit1 9 ! hospitals1 outrages :i* 71 until t "t1 unhe>d (4 ,un=tunate soldi]s1 sick & at ! po9t ( dea?1 behold+ p]sons dress$ l ,nuns & ,si/]s ( ,*>ity1 expect$ to he> f !m ! language ( religion1 9 ord] to assi/ !m 9 prep>+ = a ,*ri/ian dea?4 ,x c easily be imag9$ h[ greatly !y 7 %ock$ to he> only lascivi\s expressions & ! mo/ infam\s provocations to vice4 ,^! pret5d$ ,si/]s ( ,*>ity 7 no?+ else ?an pr(ess$ pro/itutes4 ,_! presid5t1 a revolution>y pr9cess1 admits1 9 h] memoirs1 ?is melan*oly fact4 7,m#ac7 ,! ,k+ ( ,naples & ,g5]al ,cordova1 comm&]-9-*ief ( ! ,spani% army1 (f]$ to ,g5]al ,oud9ot ! aid ( _! arms4 ,he ?ank$ !m1 b decl9$ _! (f]1 desir+1 = ! honor ( ! ,fr5* army1 t z x _h begun1 s x %\ld complete ! duty :i* x _h und]tak54 ,! ,fr5* g5]al repres5t$1 & ) reason1 to ! ,spani% comm&]1 t he w\ld h ent]$ ,rome sev]al weeks soon] b = ! diplomatic negotiations already allud$ to4 ,! ,pl5ipot5ti>y1 :o conduct$ ^! negotiations1 hav+ be5 disav[$1 ! g5]al held himself alone responsible1 & x 0 8 duty to simplify matt]s z mu* z possible4 ,he urg$1 moreov]1 t :5 an army is besieg+ a place no =eign troops c approa* x1 unless _! assi/ance is reque/$ ei!r by ! besieg]s or ! besieg$4 ,! latt] 7 f> f hav+ any claim to ! protection ( ,spa91 & ! ,fr5* army 0 9 a position to meet e cont+5cy4 7,m#ad7 ,on ! #cj? ,june1 #ahdi1 ! city surr5d]$1 unconditionally4 ,on #crd ,july ! ,fr5* army ent]$ ,rome1 amid/ ! joy\s acclamations ( ! native ,roman p4 7,m#ae7 ,on ! same day ,g5]al ,oud9ot despat*$ ,colonel ,niel to ,gaeta1 9 ord] to deliv] to ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff ! keys ( 8 capital4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 ov]joy$ at ! arrival ( ! ,fr5* (fic]4 ,8 p 7 n[ free4 ,! w> 0 at an end4 ,blood no long] fl[$4 ,!re 0 no?+ want+ to 8 satisfaction & happ9ess4 8,o6 speak to me ( my *ildr5 ( ,rome & ,france10 he exclaim$4 8,h[ !y mu/ h suff]$6 ,h[ e>ne/ly h ,i pray$ = !m60 ,he !n li/5$ ) int]e/1 & ! feel+s ( a fa!r1 to ! recital ( ! suff]+s ( ! ,fr5* army & _! prolong$ labors1 :i* 7 pati5tly und]gone2 9 ord] to save ! edifices & monum5ts ( ,rome f irrep>able de/ruction4 ,unable1 at l5g?1 to conta9 8 emotion1 he spoke ?us to ,colonel ,niel3 8,colonel1 ,i h (t5 said1 on o!r occasions1 & ,i am happy to be able to repeat ! same to-day1 aft] s great a s]vice1 t ,i h always reli$ on ,france4 ,t c\ntry _h promis$ me no?+1 b ,i und]/ood full well1 t :5 opportunity (f]$ %e w\ld give to ! ,*ur* h] treasures1 h] blood1 & :at is1 p]haps1 /ill m difficult = h] valiant *ildr51 t brav]y :i* c re/ra9 itself1 t pati5ce & p]sev]ance to :i* is due ! pres]vation ( ,rome1 t treasure ( ! _w1 t belov$ & sorely-tri$ city1 t[>ds :i*1 dur+ ^! days ( exile1 ,i h always look$ 9 great anxiety ( m9d4 ,say to ! comm&]-9-*ief1 to all ! g5]als & all ! (fic]s--w\ld x c\ld also be said to e soldi] ( ,france6--t !re are no b\nds to my gratitude4 ,my pray]s = ! prosp]ity ( y\r c\ntry w be m f]v5t ?an ev]4 ,my love = ! ,fr5* p has be5 increas$1 if1 inde$1 any?+ c\ld make x great] ?an x 01 by ! great s]vice :i* ,i n[ ackn[l$ge40 7,m#af7 ,at ! same "t1 ,pius ,,ix4 address$ an appropriate lett] to ,g5]al ,oud9ot4 ,he recogniz$ ! well-kn[n valor ( ! ,fr5* armies1 :i* 0 su/a9$ by ! ju/ice ( ! cause :i* !y came to def5d1 & :i* won = !m ! me$ ( victory4 ,9 congratulat+ ! g5]al on ! pr9cipal %>e :i* he bore 9 ! important ev5t1 ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 c>eful to say t he rejoic$ n ov] ! blood%$ :i* _h necess>ily occurr$1 b 9 ! triumph ( ord] ov] an>*y1 & because lib]ty 0 re/or$ to hone/ & ,*ri/ian p1 = :om x w\ld no long] be a crime to enjoy ! prop]ty :i* ,god _h be/[$ ^u !m1 & to adore ,him1 ) becom+ pomp ( wor%ip1 )\t incurr+ ! risk ( be+ depriv$ ( life or lib]ty4 ,9 ! difficult circum/ances :i* might arise1 ! ,holy ,fa!r w\ld rely on ! ,div9e protection4 ,z x might prove useful to ! ,fr5* army to be acqua9t$ ) ! ev5ts ( 8 ,pontificate1 he s5t1 along ) 8 lett]1 a numb] ( copies ( ! ,allocution1 9 :i* ^! ev5ts are relat$4 ,?is pap]1 he /at$1 prov$ abundantly t ! army _h won a victory ov] ! enemies ( human society1 & t _! triumph1 consequ5tly1 w\ld awak5 s5tim5ts ( gratitude 9 ! brea/s ( all hone/ m5 ?r\gh\t ,europe & ! :ole civiliz$ _w4 7,m#ag7 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,fr5* ,republic1 ,l\is ,napoleon1 ! ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ,w> & ! ,national ,assembly1 all jo9$ 9 congratulat+ ,g5]al ,oud9ot & 8 army4 ,pius ,,ix4 _h j appo9t$ 7#ca/ ,july7 a commission ( ?ree ,c>d9als = ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,roman ,/ates1 :5 ,g5]al ,oud9ot arriv$ at ,gaeta1 & urg$ ! ,pope to return himself to 8 capital4 ,pius ,,ix4 _h already /at$ to ,m4 de ,corcelles1 ! ,pl5ipot5ti>y ( ,france1 8 objections to an imm$iate return4 ,he n[ held ! same language to ,g5]al ,oud9ot4 ,he c\ld n1 he said1 s f> =get ! purely moral nature ( 8 p[] z to b9d himself 9 a positive way1 :5 !re 0 no?+ settl$ z to matt]s ( detail1 & especially :5 he 0 call$ ^u to speak 9 pres5ce ( a fir/-class ,p[]1 ^: exig5cies 7 no secret4 ,ought he to condemn himself to appe> to act "u ! impulsion ( =ce8 ,if he did any?+ good1 0 x n necess>y t 8 acts %\ld be spontane\s1 & %\ld also h ! appe>ance ( be+ s8 ,7 n 8 incl9ations well kn[n8 ,7 !y n calculat$ to inspire confid5ce8 ,nev]!less1 x 0 8 int5tion to return1 9 a few days1 to 8 ,/ates1 & to rema9 "s "t at ,ca/el-,g&olfo1 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,fr5* army4 ,g5]al ,oud9ot return$ to ,rome fully assur$ ( ! spe$y return ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 7,m#ah7 ,ab\t ?is "t x became manife/ t ! ,fr5* ,republic desir$ to re/ore ! ,pope z a m]e ag5t ( _! newly-in/itut$ gov]nm5t4 ,! ,fr5* m9i/ry1 ( :i* ,odillon ,b>rot 0 ! head1 saw1 ) impati5ce1 t ,pontifical affairs 7 n proce$+ to su* a conclusion z !y wi%$4 ,accord+ly1 ,g5]al ,oud9ot 0 recall$ & replac$ by ,g5]al ,ro/olan1 ! next 9 comm&4 ,two days lat]1 a lett] sign$ 8,l\is ,napoleon10 & address$ to ,colonel ,edg> ,ney1 :o 0 also ! be>] ( x1 0 despat*$ to ,rome4 ,?is lett] conta9$ insult+ allusions to ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t2 & its requirem5ts w\ld h annihilat$1 9 ! e/imation ( ,europe1 ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 :il/ p]sonally di%onor+ him4 8,i ?us recapitulate10 said ! presid5t1 9 ?is memorable epi/le1 8! temporal p[] ( ! ,pope1 a g5]al amne/y1 secul>ization ( ! adm9i/ration1 & lib]al gov]nm5t40 ,x 0 appo9t$ t ,g5]al ,ro/olan %\ld publi% ?is ill-tim$ lett]1 & c>ry x into effect4 ,he refus$ to d s1 t5d]$ 8 resignation1 & ?us firmly repli$3 8,consci5ce requires t ,i %\ld sacrifice my position & my sympa?ies4 ,my successor1 m =tunate ?an myself1 w p]haps enjoy ! signal honor to t]m9ate peacefully ! "w :i* we h begun at ! head ( ! army4 ,z a soldi] & a ,*ri/ian1 ,i w rejoice on acc\nt ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 :o w h be5 re/or$ to 8 p1 & because ( ,france1 :i* w h accompli%$ a noble & mo/ wor?y mission40 ,to ! ,odillon ,b>rot m9i/ry1 :i* at "o "t dis[n$ ! lett]1 & at ano!r ackn[l$g$ x1 & ord]$ its publication1 ! g5]al decl>$ t he w\ld nev] id5tify himself ) an act :i*1 besides be+ unju/1 w\ld endang] ! peace ( all ,europe4 ,accord+ to 8 view1 :i* 0 ! same z t ( ! ,fr5* ambassadors1 ,m4 de ,rayneval & ,m4 de ,corcelles1 a g5]al w> w\ld foll[ ! (ficial publication ( ! lett] ( #ah? ,augu/2 & su* a w> c\ld n b prove fatal to ! ideas ( ord] :i* 7 beg9n+ to resume _! empire4 ,he lov$ 8 c\ntry too well to be> "p 9 incurr+ = x su* fe>ful risks4 ,messrs4 de ,rayneval & de ,corcelles wrote to ! same effect1 & communicat$ to ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t ! resolution ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff to seek ! protection ( ,au/ria1 or ev5 to repair to ,am]ica1 r ?an submit to ! con/ra9t ) :i* he 0 ?reat5$4 7,m#ai7 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 orda9$ t ! conditions ( ! ,pope's re/oration %\ld be decid$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,fr5* ,republic1 or ! ,odillon ,b>rot m9i/ry4 ,! ,national ,assembly ( ,france took ! matt] 9 h&1 & aft] a ke5 debate1 :i* la/$ ?ree days--#ac?1 #ah? & #ai? ,octob]--came to a resolution favorable to ! ,holy ,see4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! ,*amb] 0 greatly influ5c$ by ! p[]ful eloqu5ce ( ,m4 de ,montalemb]t4 8,x has be5 said10 obs]v$ ?is orator1 8t ! honor ( our flag 0 compromis$ by ! exp$ition und]tak5 aga9/ ,rome 9 ord] to de/roy ! ,roman ,republic & re/ore ! au?ority ( ! ,pope4 ,all 9 ?is ,assembly mu/ feel insult$ by ?is reproa*1 & _c b repel x1 z ,i d at ?is mom5t4 ,no6 ! honor ( our flag 0 nev] compromis$4 ,no6 nev] did ?is noble flag cov] ) its folds a m noble ent]prise4 ,hi/ory w tell4 ,i confid5tly invoke its te/imony & its judgm5t4 ,hi/ory w ?r[ a veil ov] all ! ambiguity1 t]giv]sation & conte/ation :i* h be5 po9t$ to ) s mu* bitt]ness & s eag] a desire to spread discord among/ u4 ,x w ignore all ?is1 or1 r1 x w proclaim x all1 9 ord] t ! greatness ( ! und]tak+ may become app>5t f ! numb] & nature ( ! difficulties t h be5 surm\nt$4 8,hi/ory w say t a ?\s& ye>s f ! "t ( ,*>lemagne1 & fifty f t ( ,napoleon--a ?\s& ye>s aft] ,*>lemagne _h won = himself imp]i%able glory by re/or+ ! ,pontifical ,/ate1 & fifty ye>s aft] ,napoleon1 9 ! z5i? ( p[] & pre/ige1 _h fail$ 9 8 endeavor to undo ! "w ( 8 pr$ecessor2 hi/ory w say t ,france has rema9$ true to h] traditions & deaf to odi\s c\nsels4 ,hi/ory w say t ?irty ?\s& ,fr5*m51 "u ! lead]%ip ( ! wor?y son ( "o ( ! giants ( our great imp]ial glories1 left ! %ores ( _! c\ntry1 9 ord] to re-e/abli% at ,rome1 9 ! p]son ( ! ,pope1 "r1 equity1 ,european & ,fr5* int]e/4 ,hi/ory w fur!r say :at ,pius ,,ix4 himself said1 9 8 lett] ( ?anks to ,g5]al ,oud9ot3 #8,! victory ( ! ,fr5* arms is won ov] ! enemies ( human society4' ,yes6 g5tlem51 su* w be ! judgm5t ( imp>tial hi/ory2 & x w be "o ( ! brighte/ glories ( ,france & ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,y w n att5uate1 t>ni%1 eclipse ?is glory by plung+ into a mass ( contradictions1 complications1 & inextricable inconsi/5cy4 ,"k y :at w\ld dim = ev] ! lu/re ( ! ,fr5* flag8 ,x w\ld be to set x 9 opposition to ! ,cross1 to ! ,ti>a1 :i* x has deliv]$4 ,x w\ld be to trans=m ! soldi]s ( ,france1 ! protectors ( ! ,pope1 into 8 oppressors4 ,x w\ld be to ex*ange ! role & ! glory ( ,*>lemagne = a pitiful mimicry ( ,g>ibaldi40 7,m#bj7 ,a l>ge majority ( ! legislative assembly agre$ ) ,montalemb]t4 ,! news ( _! decision1 :i* 0 9 accordance ) ! g5]al s5tim5t ( ! ,fr5* nation1 0 spe$ily convey$ to ! ,pontifical ,c\rt4 ,x dispell$ all ! unpleasant 7,m#ba7 appreh5sions :i* _h hi!rto prevail$1 & gave great satisfaction to ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,! influ5ce :i* x ex]cis$ ov] 8 plans = ! future may be le>n$ f ! reply :i* he gave to a deputation f ! municipality ( ,rome1 :i* n[ came to pray t he w\ld return to 8 ,/ates4 8,x 0 repugnant to u10 said he1 8to return to our ,/ates1 s long z ,france made x a "q :e!r we %\ld be indep5d5t4 ,b n[ t a happy solution has be5 rea*$1 :i* appe>s to put an end to all d\bt on ?is po9t1 we hope to be able1 9 a %ort "t1 to return to our city ( ,rome40 ,accord+ly1 on #ab? ,april1 #ahej1 ,pius ,,ix4 made 8 entrance into ,rome amid/ ! dutiful & joy\s acclamations ( ! ,fr5* army & ! ,roman p4 ,on ! #ah? day ( ! same mon? he =mally bless$ ! arms & colors ( ,france 9 front ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ,*ur*4 ,?us end$ at ,rome a political revolution1 :i* no?+ less p[]ful ?an ,ca?olic s5tim5t c\ld h ov]come4 7,m#bb7 ,:il/ ! comp>atively small ,pontifical ,/ate 0 agitat$ by revolution1 ! great] k+dom ( ! *ur* 0 /eadily pursu+1 "u ! auspices ( its augu/ ,*ief1 its gr& c>e] ( progress & developm5t4 ,a new era seem$ to h dawn$ ov] all ^? great c\ntries :i* ! ,photian s*ism _h s s]i\sly affect$4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ,pius ! ,n9?'s accession1 m favorable dispositions _h come to prevail among ! ,greeks ( ,con/ant9ople1 ( ,syria1 ( ,pale/9e1 ( ,egypt4 ,among ! ,arm5ians & ,*aldeans !re 7 num]\s conv]sions1 :il/ ev5 ! ,turks %[$ a bett] feel+ t[>ds ! ,ca?olic p1 among :om _! lot 0 ca/4 ,we h already se5 h[ well su* s5tim5ts 7 enc\rag$ by ! newly-elect$ ,pontiff4 ,8 words ( k9dness 7 repaid by increas$ affection = ! ,ca?olic p1 & ! wi%1 n to say ! belief1 t :5 ! ,turki% ,empire fell1 ! fragm5ts ( its once great inh]itance w\ld be ga!r$ up by ,ca?olics4 8,are ?is belief & fri5d%ip10 asks ! ,abbe ,eti5ne1 8an indication ( ! spe$y reunion ( ! *ildr5 ( ,mahomet ) ! great ,*ri/ian family8 ,we h mu* reason to ?9k s1 :5 we behold ,islamism ev]y:]e dw9dl+ away & giv+ place to ! true fai?40 ,damascus1 s sacr$ 9 ,mussulman e/imation1 & s intol]ant t no ,*ri/ian c\ld pass )9 its gates except b>ehead$1 & on pay+ a capitation tax1 n[ beholds ) pleasure ! celebration ( ,ca?olic rites4 ,s great 0 ! *ange t 9 a %ort "t all ! inhabitants ( a village 9 ! neighborhood embrac$ ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,! ,mahometans :o are mo/ capable ( appreciat+ religi\s que/ions1 /udy ,*ri/ianity secretly4 ,n long ago1 a ,turk ( ,damascus caus$ a ,ca?olic prie/ to be call$ to 8 dea?b$1 & begg$ to be baptiz$4 ,great 0 ! surprise ( ! mission>y to f9d him z well acqua9t$ ) ! tru?s ( religion z he 0 anxi\s to receive ! sacram5t ( reg5]ation4 ,a few mom5ts lat] ! good prie/ beheld 8 neophyte expire1 express+ ! mo/ pi\s s5tim5ts4 ,9 ,russia1 ! mo/ p[]ful seat ( ! great ea/]n s*ism1 ,ca?olics 7 long subject$ to ! mo/ try+ p]secution4 ,x is well kn[n :at influ5ce ! v5]able ,pontiff1 ,gregory ,,xvi41 ex]cis$ ov] ! m9d ( ! late ,emp]or ,ni*olas1 & t he succe$$ 9 caus+ him to mitigate ! evils :i* weigh$ s heavily on 8 ,ca?olic subjects4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 /ill m successful4 ,hav+ conclud$ a ,concordat ) ! ,cz>1 :i* 0 sign$ at ,rome on ! #crd ,augu/1 #ahdg1 by ,c>d9al ,lambrus*9i1 on ! "p ( ! ,holy ,see1 & ,c\nts ,bl\d(f & ,b\t5ieff1 on ! "p ( ,russia1 ,pius ,,ix41 9 a consi/ory held on #crd ,july ( ! same ye>1 in/itut$ bi%ops = ! foll[+ ,sees ( ! ,russian ,empire3 ,! ,metropolitan ,*ur* ( ,mohil[1 ! unit$ dioceses ( ,luccoria & ,zitom]itz1 9 ,volhynia1 ! diocese ( ,vilna1 9 ,pol&1 & a coadjutor1 ) "r ( succession1 = ! ar*bi%opric ( ,mohil[4 ,! ,concordat conta9$ #ca articles4 ,article #a/4 ,sev5 ,roman ,ca?olic dioceses are e/abli%$ 9 ! ,russian ,empire--an ar*bi%opric & six bi%oprics1 viz43 ! ar*bi%opric ( ,mohil[1 :i* comprises all ^? p>ts ( ! ,empire :i* are n conta9$ 9 ! und]m5tion$ dioceses4 ,! ,gr& ,du*y ( ,f9l& is also includ$ 9 ?is ar*diocese4 ,! diocese ( ,vilna1 compris+ ! gov]nm5ts ( ,vilna & ,grodno1 accord+ to _! pres5t limits2 ! diocese ( ,telsca1 or ,samogitia1 compris+ ! gov]nm5ts ( ,c\rl& & ,k[no2 ! diocese ( ,m9sk1 compris+ ! gov]nm5t ( ,m9sk1 z at pres5t limit$2 ! diocese ( ,luceoria & ,zitom]itz1 conta9+ ! gov]nm5ts ( ,kiovia & ,volhynia2 ! diocese ( ,kam9iec1 compris+ ! gov]nm5t ( ,podolia2 ! new diocese ( ,kh]son1 conta9+ ! ,prov9ce ( ,bess>abia1 ! gov]nm5ts ( ,kh]sonesus1 ,eca!r9aslaw1 ,taurida1 ,s>at[ & ,a/racan1 toge!r ) ! regions t are subject to ! g5]al gov]nm5t ( ! ,caucasus4 ,9 glanc+ at ! articles ( ! ,concordat1 ! ,ca?olic read] w be agreeably surpris$ to obs]ve t 9 s _m important ?+s ! wi%es ( ! ,holy ,fa!r 7 acc$$ to1 :il/ x is matt] = regret t 9 reg>d to o!rs ! ,pl5ipot5ti>ies c\ld n come to an und]/&+4 ,x is provid$ by ! #bnd & #crd articles t apo/olic lett]s "u ! lead5 seal %all det]m9e ! ext5t & limits ( ! dioceses1 z indicat$ 9 article #a/4 ,! decrees ( execution %all express ! numb] & ! names ( ! p>i%es ( ea* diocese1 & %all be submitt$ = ! sanction ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,! numb] ( suffragan bi%oprics1 z settl$ by ! apo/olic lett]s ( ,pius ,,vi4 9 #aghi1 is reta9$ 9 ! six anci5t dioceses4 ,9 ! foll[+ articles1 f #d to #aj1 x is agre$ t ! suffragan ( ! new diocese ( ,kh]son %all reside 9 ! t[n ( ,s>at[4 ,! annual all[ance to ! ,bi%op ( ,kh]son %all be #d1dhj silv] r\bles4 ,8 suffragan %all h ! same income z ! o!r bi%ops ( ! ,empire1 viz43 #b1jjj silv] r\bles4 ,! *apt] ( ! ,ca!dral ,*ur* ( ,kh]son %all consi/ ( n9e memb]s1 viz43 two prelates or dignit>ies1 ! presid5t & ar*deacon2 f\r canons1 ( :om ?ree %all dis*>ge ! duties ( !ologian1 p5it5ti>y & rector2 & ?ree resid5t prie/s1 or b5efici>ies4 ,9 ! new bi%opric ( ,kh]son !re %all be a diocesan sem9>y1 9 :i* f fifte5 to tw5ty-five /ud5ts %all be support$ at ! co/ ( ! gov]nm5t1 ! same z ^? :o enjoy a p5sion 9 o!r sem9>ies4 ,until a ,ca?olic bi%op ( ! ,arm5ian rite is nam$1 ! spiritual wants ( ! ,arm5ian ,ca?olics ( ! dioceses ( ,kh]son & ,kam9iec %all be provid$ = by apply+ ! n9? *apt] ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,lat]an1 held 9 #abae4 ,! bi%ops ( ,kam9iec & ,kh]son %all det]m9e ! numb] ( ,ca?olic ,arm5ian ecclesia/ics :o %all be educat$ 9 _! sem9>ies at ! exp5se ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,9 ea* ( ^! sem9>ies !re %all reside a ,ca?olic ,arm5ian prie/1 9 ord] to in/ruct ! /ud5ts 9 ! c]emonies ( _! national rite4 ,z (t5 z ! spiritual wants ( ! ,arm5ian ,roman ,ca?olics ( ! newly-in/itut$ diocese ( ,kh]son %all require x1 ! bi%op1 besides ! means hi!rto employ$ = ?is purpose1 may s5d prie/s z mission>ies1 & ! gov]nm5t w supply ! funds t %all be necess>y = _! j\rneys & su/5ance4 ,articles #aa & #ab provide t ! numb] ( dioceses 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,pol& %all rema9 ! same z orda9$ by ! ,apo/olical ,lett]s ( ,pius ,,vii41 ( date #cj? ,june1 #ahah4 ,!re is no *ange z to ! numb] & designation ( ! suffragans ( ^! dioceses4 ,! appo9tm5t ( bi%ops = ! dioceses & ! suffragan bi%oprics ( ! ,empire ( ,russia & ! ,k+dom ( ,pol& %all only take effect aft] ea* nom9ation %all h be5 agre$ ^u betwe5 ! ,emp]or & ! ,holy ,see4 ,canonical in/itution w be giv5 by ! ,roman ,pontiff 9 ! usual =m4 ,9 articles #ac-bj are conta9$ ! foll[+ regulations3 ! bi%op is ! sole judge & adm9i/rator ( ! ecclesia/ical affairs ( 8 diocese1 hav+ due reg>d to ! canonical ob$i5ce :i* he owes to ! ,holy ,apo/olic ,see4 ,c]ta9 affairs mu/ be1 9 ! fir/ place1 submitt$ to ! delib]ations ( ! diocesan consi/ory4 ,su* affairs are decid$ by ! bi%op1 aft] hav+ be5 exam9$ by ! consi/ory1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is only consultative4 ,! bi%op is by no means b\nd to give ! reasons ( 8 decision1 ev5 9 case ( 8 op9ion be+ diff]5t f t ( ! consi/ory4 ,! o!r affairs ( ! diocese1 :i* are call$ adm9i/rative1 & among :i* are includ$ cases ( consci5ce1 &1 z has be5 said above1 cases ( discipl9e :i* are visit$ only by light puni%m5ts & pa/oral admonitions1 dep5d entirely on ! au?ority & ! spontane\s decision ( ! bi%op4 ,all ! memb]s ( ! consi/ory are ecclesia/ics4 ,_! nom9ation & _! revocation belong to ! bi%op4 ,! nom9ations are s made z n to displease ! gov]nm5t4 ,! (ficials ( ! consi/orial *anc]y are confirm$ by ! bi%op1 on ! pres5tation ( ! secret>y ( ! consi/ory4 ,! secret>y ( ! bi%op1 :o is *>g$ ) (ficial & private correspond5ce1 is nam$ directly by ! bi%op2 & an ecclesia/ic1 z ! bi%op ?9ks prop]1 may be *os54 ,! duties ( ! memb]s ( ! consi/ory cease :5 ! bi%op dies or resigns1 & also :5 ! adm9i/ration ( a vacant ,see comes to an end4 ,f articles #ba-bi we read z foll[s3 ,! bi%op has ! supreme direction ( ! tea*+ ( doctr9e & discipl9e 9 ! sem9>ies ( 8 diocese1 accord+ to ! prescriptions ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t4 ,! *oice ( rectors1 inspectors & ,pr(essors = ! diocesan sem9>ies is res]v$ to ! bi%op4 ,be=e nam+ !m1 he mu/ asc]ta9 t1 z reg>ds _! civil conduct1 !y w n give occasion to any objection on ! "p ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ,metropolitan ( ,mohil[ %all ex]cise 9 ! ecclesia/ical academy ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg ! same jurisdiction z does ea* bi%op 9 8 diocesan sem9>y4 ,he is ! sole *ief ( ?is academy--its supreme director4 ,! c\ncil or directory ( ?is academy is only consultative4 ,! *oice ( ! rector1 ! inspector & pr(essors ( ?is academy1 %all be made by ! ar*bi%op1 aft] he has receiv$ ! report ( ! ,academical ,c\ncil4 ,! pr(essors & assi/ant-pr(essors ( ,!ological sci5ce %all always be *os5 among ecclesia/ics4 ,! o!r ma/]s may be select$ among lay p]sons1 pr(ess+ ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion4 ,! confessors ( ! /ud5ts ( ea* sem9>y & ( ! academy %all take no "p 9 ! discipl9>y gov]nm5t ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,!y %all be *os5 & nom9at$ by ! bi%op or ar*bi%op4 ,:5 ! limits ( ! dioceses %all h be5 fix$ accord+ to ! new regulation1 ! ar*bi%op1 ) ! advice ( ! ord9>ies1 %all det]m9e1 once = all1 ! numb] ( /ud5ts t ea* diocese may s5d to ! academy4 ,! programme ( /udies 9 ! sem9>ies %all be regulat$ by ! bi%ops4 ,! ar*bi%op %all decide ^u t ( ! academy aft] hav+ conf]r$ ) ! ,academical ,c\ncil4 ,:5 ! rule ( ! ecclesia/ical academy ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg %all h be5 modifi$ con=mably ) ! pr9ciples agre$ ^u 9 ! prec$+ articles1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,mohil[ w s5d to ! ,holy ,see a report on ! academy l t :i* 0 made by ,ar*bi%op ,koromanski :5 ! academy 0 re/or$4 ,articles #cj & #ca4 ,:]ev] ! "r ( patronage does n exi/1 or has be5 discont9u$ = a c]ta9 "t1 p>i% prie/s %all be appo9t$ by ! bi%op4 ,!y mu/ n (f5d ! gov]nm5t1 & mu/ h und]gone exam9ation & competition accord+ to ! rules laid d[n by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t4 ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es may be freely repair$ at ! exp5se ( communities or individuals :o %all please to take *>ge ( ?is "w4 ,:5 _! own res\rces are insuffici5t1 !y may apply to ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t 9 ord] to obta9 assi/ance4 ,new *ur*es %all be con/ruct$1 & ! numb] ( p>i%es augm5t$1 :5 su* measures become necess>y f ! increase ( population1 ! too great ext5t ( exi/+ p>i%es1 or ! difficulty ( communications4 ,su* matt]s z c\ld n be agre$ ^u & embodi$ 9 ! ,concordat may be glean$ f ! allocution :i* ,pius ,,ix4 address$1 at ! "t1 to ! ,c>d9als4 8,_m ?+s ( ! greate/ importance /ill rema91 9 reg>d to :i* ! ,pl5ipot5ti>ies c\ld n come to an agreem5t1 & ! omission ( :i* awak5s our mo/ lively solicitude1 & causes u ! utmo/ pa92 = !y conc]n1 9 ! highe/ degree1 ! lib]ty ( ! *ur*1 its rights1 its ess5tial pr9ciples1 & ! salvation ( ! fai?ful 9 ^? ,russian c\ntries4 ,we allude to t true & complete lib]ty1 :i* ought to be secur$ to ! ,*ri/ian p1 ( be+ able1 9 reg>d to ! ?+s :i* relate to religion1 to communicate1 )\t imp$im5t1 ) ?is ,apo/olic ,see1 ! c5tre ( ,ca?olic unity & tru?1 ! ,fa!r & ,ma/] ( all ! ,fai?ful4 ,all m5 may und]/& h[ deeply griev$ we are1 :5 !y call to m9d ! multipli$ appeals :i* ?is ,apo/olic ,see has nev] ceas$ to cause to be he>d at div]s times1 9 ord] to obta9 free communication ( ! fai?ful1 n only 9 ,russia1 b also 9 o!r c\ntries1 :]e1 9 c]ta9 affairs ( religion1 x is s]i\sly imp$$1 to ! great loss ( s\ls4 ,we w\ld speak ( ! prop]ty :i* ought to be re/or$ to ! cl]gy4 ,we w\ld h remov$ f ! ,episcopal ,consi/ories ! lay p]son *os5 by ! gov]nm5t1 9 ord] t1 9 ^! assemblies1 ! bi%ops may be able to act ) all lib]ty4 ,we mu/ adv]t to ! law accord+ to :i* mix$ m>riages are n recogniz$ z valid1 until !y h be5 bless$ by a ,russo-,greek ,ca?olic prie/2 & also to ! lib]ty :i* ,ca?olics ought to possess ( try+ & judg+ _! matrimonial causes1 9 eases ( mix$ m>riages1 by a ,ca?olic ecclesia/ical tribunal4 ,f9ally1 we w\ld allude to div]s laws preval5t 9 ,russia1 :i* fix ! age at :i* religi\s pr(essions may be made1 :i* de/roy entirely ! s*ools t are held 9 ! h\ses ( religi\s ord]s1 :i* prev5t ! visits ( prov9cial sup]iors1 :i* =bid & int]dict conv]sion to ! ,ca?olic fai?40 ,9 ?is same allocution ! ,holy ,fa!r deplores ! mis]able /ate ( ! illu/ri\s ,ru!nian nation1 :i*1 disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! va/ c\ntries ( ,russia1 is1 f v>i\s causes1 expos$ to great dang]s z reg>ds salvation4 ,)\t bi%ops1 !y h none to guide !m 9 ! pa?s ( righte\sness1 none to adm9i/] to !m spiritual succ\r1 or to w>n !m aga9/ ! insidi\s approa*es ( h]esy & s*ism4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r is confid5t t ! ,lat9 prie/s w be/[ all _! c>e & employ e available res\rce 9 af=d+ spiritual aid to ^! 8mo/ de> *ildr540 8,f our inmo/ s\l10 concludes ! v5]able ,pontiff1 8we exhort1 e>ne/ly & lov+ly 9 ! ,"l1 & urge ! ,ru!nians !mselves to rema9 fai?ful & /eadfa/ 9 ! unity ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 or1 if !y h be5 s un=tunate z to ab&on x1 to return to ! bosom ( _! mo/ lov+ "m1 to h rec\rse to u1 :o1 ) ,god's assi/ance1 w d :atev] is be/ calculat$ to secure _! salvation40 ,z reg>ds "s ( ^! highly important matt]s1 ! wi%es ( ! ,holy ,fa!r 7 acc$$ to by ! ,russian ,emp]or4 ,! bi%op ( ,kh]son 0 all[$ a second suffragan4 ,x 0 also regulat$ t matrimonial & o!r ecclesia/ical causes1 :e!r 9 ,russia prop] or 9 ! k+dom ( ,pol&1 %\ld1 on appeal f a s5t5ce pron\nc$ by ! ord9>y1 be he>d be=e ! tribunal ( ! metropolitan1 or be=e ! m neighbor+ bi%op1 9 case ( judgm5t hav+ be5 fir/ giv5 by ! metropolitan4 ,su* causes1 9 ! ev5t ( f9al appeal1 %\ld be ref]r$ to ,rome--to ! tribunal ( ! ,apo/olic ,see4 ,9 consid]+1 at "s l5g?1 ! ,concordat ) ,russia1 & ! m favorable t]ms by :i* x 0 foll[$1 we le>n :at hopes may be ent]ta9$ z reg>ds ! spiritual well-be+ ( ! m num]\s ,ca?olics1 ,arm5ians & o!rs1 :o w n[1 9 all probability1 come "u ! sway ( ,russia47#b7 7,m#bc7 ,! ,society ( ! ,holy ,gho/ _h labor$ successfully 9 ,france1 ! ,indies1 ,canada1 ,*9a1 ,acadia1 or ,nova ,scotia1 ! isl&s1 ,miquelon & ,/4 ,pet]4 ,9 ! c\ntries ref]r$ to1 !re 7 bi%ops1 vic>s apo/olic1 ( ?is society1 & sev]al mission>y prie/s4 ,9 ,cay5ne & ,fr5* ,guiana1 !y ma9ta9$ an apo/olic prefect & tw5ty mission>ies apo/olic4 ,! tr\bles ( ! ,fr5* revolution all b ext+ui%$ ?is zeal\s & influ5tial mission>y society4 ,x 0 reviv$ 9 ! ye> #ahdh1 "u ! auspices ( ,pius ,,ix41 & resum$ its labors "u ! title ( ,society ( ! ,holy ,gho/ & ! ,immaculate ,he>t ( ,m>y4 ,dur+ ! negotiations :i* l$ to ! re/oration ( ?is society1 ! ,vic>iate ,apo/olic ( ,madagasc> became vacant by ! dea? ( ,bi%op ,dalton4 ,abbe ,monnet1 ,sup]ior ( ! ,society ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 0 appo9t$ to succe$ him1 & ,rev4 ,abbe ,lieb]mann1 a di/+ui%$ conv]t f ,judaism1 0 unanim\sly elect$ to ! po/ ( sup]ior-g5]al ( ! two unit$ societies4 ,! labors ( ,abbe ,lieb]mann 7 cr[n$ ) complete success4 ,9 #ahej1 ! ,holy ,fa!r1 9 ord] to confirm & p]petuate ! fruit ( s mu* apo/olic labor1 erect$ ?ree bi%oprics--"o 9 ! l[ c\ntry ( ,guadel\pe1 ano!r at ,=t ,francis1 9 ,m>t9ica1 & a ?ird at ,/4 ,d5is1 ( ,b\rbon ,isl&4 ,! em95t conv]t di$ 9 #aheb1 aft] hav+ _h ! satisfaction to behold su* great developm5ts ( 8 mission>y "w4 ,! dea? ( ! fir/ sup]ior-g5]al did n1 by any means1 ret>d ! increase ( ! new society4 ,on ! contr>y1 new bless+s seem$ to desc5d ^u x4 ,"u ! guidance ( ! second sup]ior1 ! ,abbe ,s*w9d5hamm]1 :o _h be5 ! fri5d & confid5tial c\nsellor ( ! fir/1 ! society came to be z an ord] ( ?ree *oirs--,fa!rs1 ,fri>s1 ,si/]s4 ,to ! ,rev4 ,fa!rs1 :o 7 mission>ies apo/olic1 ! ,fa!r ( ! great ,*ri/ian ,family1 ,pius ,,ix41 assign$ a field ( labor1 a hundr$ times m ext5sive ?an ! l& :i* 0 promis$ ( old to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel--a t]ritory f elev5 to twelve hundr$ leagues 9 l5g?1 & broad 9 proportion4 ,! fri>s 7 lay mission>ies1 ^: duty x 0 to assi/ ! ,rev4 ,fa!rs1 tea* ! neophytes ! arts ( ,*ri/ian civilization1 & *ange ! des]ts1 ! wild =e/ l&s & dismal swamps1 into smil+ fields4 ,a bro!r1 :o is a pr9t]1 has already dep>t$ = ^? missions1 c>ry+ ) him a complete set ( types4 ,! si/]s1 9 ord] to draw d[n ! m]cy ( heav5 on ! negro l&s1 devote !mselves to pray]1 works ( *>ity & self-d5ial1 p]petual adoration ( ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t1 & ! cont9ual (f]+ ( !mselves 9 sacrifice = ! salvation ( ! s\ls t are mo/ neglect$4 ,!y w\ld ev51 if x 7 ! call ( heav51 repair to ,africa1 & f\nd !re religi\s communities1 9 ord] to confirm ! good "w comm5c$ by ! mission>ies4 ,s e>ly z _! fir/ ye>1 #aheb1 !y _h e/abli%$ two or ?ree h\ses 9 ,france4 ,?is great mission>y society came into exi/5ce at a s+ul>ly opportune mom5t1 & none c tell :at an important "p x may be> 9 c>ry+ ! light ( ,*ri/ianity into t b5ight$ ,africa :i* mod]n discov]y1 ! discov]y ( our age1 ! age ( ,pius ,,ix41 is n[ ?r[+ op5 to ! _m bless$ influ5ces ( civilization4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,pontificate ( ,pius ,,ix41 ! ,gu9ea missions ext5d$ ov] regions ( negro-l& n9e hundr$ leagues f ea/ to we/1 & sev5 hundr$ leagues f nor? to s\?1 ) a coa/-l9e ( elev5 hundr$ leagues4 ,^! ,african c\ntries are v popul\s2 & !re are t[ns ( #bj1jjj1 #cj1jjj1 & ev5 #fj1jjj inhabitants4 ,! greate/ b>b>ism prevails4 ,) ! exception ( a few ,mahometans 9 ,sanegambia1 ! p are idolators4 ,!y are also cannibals1 & human sacrifices are frequ5t4 ,polygamy is "o ( _! vices1 & ^? on ! sea coa/ ( ,gu9ea h le>n$ _m o!rs f contact ) ,europeans1 su* z h>d dr9k+ & all k9ds ( excess4 ,_! wom5 are 9 a degrad$ condition1 do+ all ! drudg]y1 & n be+ admitt$ to an equality ) _! husb&s4 ,not)/&+ all ?is1 ! mission>ies give !m a high "*4 ,!y be> pa9 ) =titude1 & h a horror ( slav]y1 al?\gh s _m ( !m are r$uc$ to s]vitude by gre$y trad]s4 ,a sea capta9 once (f]$ a negro any am\nt ( money1 on condition t he %\ld become 8 slave4 8,all ! gold y\r %ip c\ld hold10 said ! spirit$ ,african1 8is no price = my lib]ty40 ,!y are v s5sitive1 grateful1 & ev5 affectionate t[>ds ^? :o befri5d !m4 ,to ! mission>ies !y always %[$ hospitality2 & ! peaceful explor]1 ,liv+/one1 & 8 fri5ds g5]ally met ) ! same k9dness4 ,if x 0 o!rwise ) ! adv5tur\s discov]]1 ,/anley1 he ow$ ! ho/ility ) :i* he 0 (t5 receiv$ by ! ,african tribes to ! arm$ =ce by :i* he 0 accompani$1 & 8 det]m9ation to trav]se _! c\ntries1 :e!r !y lik$ x or n4 ,!y li/5$ att5tively to ! mission>ies1 & ?is circum/ance induc$ ^! excell5t p]sons to express ! belief t1 ) prop] precautions1 !y may be induc$ to embrace ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,_m ?+s h occurr$1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is favor$ age1 to enc\rage ?is hope = ! future welf>e ( s _m millions ( ! human race4 ,sci5ce has ?r[n its light into ! hi!rto d>k regions ( ,c5tral ,africa1 :]e no ,european _h1 z yet1 be5 able to p5etrate4 ,! petty & corrupt+ traffic on ! coa/s w spe$ily exp& into wide ext5d$ & improv+ comm]ce4 ,! slave trade is gradually dim9i%+1 & mu/1 ere long1 disappe> "u ! bless$ influ5ces1 m active ?an ev]1 :i* are n[ at "w2 ! :ole *ur* is mov$ by ! edify+ n>ratives ( zeal\s mission>ies2 & ! c\nt5ance ( ! ,apo/olic ,see is will+ly be/[$ on mission>y ef=t4 ,s1 x is n too mu* to say t1 ) su* auspici\s comm5cem5ts 9 ! age ( ,pius ,,ix41 ! days ( "s future ,pontiff1 at no v di/ant epo*1 w be bless$ to behold ,africa1 s long neglect$1 happily1 at l5g?1 br\ght )9 ! pale ( ,*ri/ianity & civilization4 ,! mission>ies speak ( a ,pr9ce1 ^: hi/ory1 if relat$ by less tru/wor?y p>ties1 c\ld n fail to be consid]$ fabul\s4 ,8 t]ritory is situat$ on ! riv] ,gabon4 ,he speaks ,engli% & ,fr5* flu5tly1 z well z an ,african dialect call$ ,b\l\4 ,he is a man ( g5tle & poli%$ mann]s1 & possesses ! self-control ( ! mo/ accompli%$ ,european4 ,9 po9t ( sobriety1 he is equal to ! be/ ( ,europeans4 ,he nev] dr9ks intoxicat+ liquor1 & =bids 8 *ildr5 to use x4 ,he is belov$ by 8 subjects1 & respect$ by ! neighbor+ tribes1 :o hold ) him comm]cial & fri5dly relations4 ,he %[s great fri5d%ip to ! mission>ies1 & takes great delight 9 assi/+ !m4 ,a good bi%op is also m5tion$1 ^: horror ( ! slave trade 0 su* t he w\ld n all[ a negro to s]ve him4 ,9 addition to ! mission-h\se1 :i* is a solid /one build+1 !re is also a sem9>y1 :]e "s ( ! native y\? are educat$ = ! duties ( ! ,*ri/ian prie/hood4 ,! aborig9al populations receive ! bi%op & ! heads ( ! missions ) extraord9>y honors4 ,! salubrity ( ! climate is favorably spok5 (1 be+ n[ise inf]ior to t ( ,france4 ,ev]y?+ appe>$ to favor ! ,gu9ea missions 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,pontificate ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,) ! aid ( cont9u$ c\nt5ance & enc\ragem5t1 !y cease n to be develop$ e day m & m ?r\gh\t ! va/ c\ntries ext5d+ f ,s5egambia to ! ,equator4 ,at ,joal & ,/4 ,m>y ( ,gambia1 !re 7 fl\ri%+ missions s e>ly z #aheb4 ,9 #ahej ,m4 ,l',abbe ,arlabosse f\nd$ a mission at ,galam1 #aej leagues 9 ! int]ior ( ,s5egal4 ,ano!r mission 0 successfully e/abli%$ at ,gr& ,bassam1 9 #ahea4 ,! pr9t+ press1 already ref]r$ to1 has contribut$ p[]fully to facilitate mission>y "w4 ,sev5 div]se languages are n[ taught1 viz43 ,wol(1 ,s]]1 ,s>acole1 ,abule1 ,mpongue1 ,b+ue & ,balu1 or ,b\l\4 ,x is some:at rem>kable t 9 all ! c\ntries connect$ z colonies ) ,great ,brita91 :]e ,prote/antism is s p]si/5tly adh]$ to1 !re %\ld prevail ! greate/ lib]ty z reg>ds ! ex]cise ( ! ,ca?olic religion4 ,?us1 ,cape ,colony 7,cape ( ,good ,hope7 0 no soon] transf]r$ f ! rule ( ,holl& to t ( ,brita9 ?an ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 enabl$ to ext5d 8 c>e to ! ,ca?olics ( t remote l&4 ,a bi%op 0 appo9t$1 & missions spe$ily e/abli%$4 ,!re are n[ ?ree bi%ops1 vic>s apo/olic1 at ,cape ,t[n1 ,graham's ,t[n1 ,natal4 ,! isl&s ,mauritius & ,b\rbon1 ea* ( :i* has a population ( m ?an #ajj1jjj s\ls1 %>e ! solicitude ( ! *ur* & its augu/ ,head4 ,!y are n bo? equally favor$ by _! civil rul]s4 ,! =m] 0 annex$ to ,great ,brita9 9 #ahaj4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r provides = its spiritual welf>e1 confid+ its adm9i/ration to a bi%op & a suffici5t numb] ( prie/s1 all ( :om receive sal>ies f ! gov]nm5t4 ,! bi%ops hi!rto h be5 memb]s ( ! illu/ri\s ord] ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 & "s ( !m h enjoy$ a high reputation 9 ! *ur*1 su* z ! le>n$ & eloqu5t ,bi%op ,morris1 & ! pi\s & accompli%$ ,bi%op ,colli]4 ,b\rbon ,isl&1 until ( late1 #ahej1 :5 a bi%op 0 appo9t$1 _h n be5 s =tunate4 ,an em95t ,fr5* writ] r satirically rem>ks1 t x w\ld h to wait until ,france c$$ all h] colonies to ! ,briti%4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s prie/s :o1 toge!r ) ! bi%op1 m9i/] to ! spiritual wants ( ! p4 ,great ef=ts h be5 made to e/abli% missions 9 ! l>ge & popul\s ,isl& ( ,madagasc>1 :i*1 accord+ to geograph]s1 is #a1jjj miles 9 l5g?4 ,! prie/s ( ! congregation ( ,/4 ,v9c5t ( ,paul1 z zeal\s n[ z 9 ! days ( _! illu/ri\s f\nd]1 h p5etrat$ into ,abyss9ia1 & are labor+ to br+ ab\t a complete reconciliation ( t once em95tly ,*ri/ian nation to ! *ur* ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,! ?iopian may n1 inde$1 *ange 8 sk94 ,b1 accord+ to ! reports ( ! mission>ies1 ^! p are *ang+ _! ideas1 & giv+ pro(s ( a disposition to return to ! c5tre ( ,*ri/ian unity4 ,ev]y:]e ! mission>ies are receiv$ ) k9dness by pr9ces & p1 & favor$ ) a respectful he>+4 ,s great is ! rev]5ce ( ! nations ( ! ,turki% ,empire = ! "* ( ! ,pope1 t "o w\ld say t he _h a ,concordat ) ^? nations & _! *iefs4 ,! legate ( ! ,holy ,see1 ,ar*bi%op ,auv]gne1 ( ,iconium1 0 receiv$ ) ! greate/ honor by ! ,sov]eign ( gypt1 on occasion ( 8 legation to t c\ntry & ,syria4 ,a ,ca?olic bi%op 0 e/abli%$ at ,alex&ria1 a city s intimately associat$ ) ! memory ( ,sa9t ,a?anasius4 ,8 jurisdiction ext5ds ov] ! ?iopian c\ntries1 & ?is circum/ance1 consid]+ _! relations 9 bygone ages ) ! ,patri>*s ( ,alex&ria1 facilitates _! communion ) ! c5tre ( unity4 ,! ,ca?olic bi%op ( ,cairo1 assi/$ by ?irty prie/s1 s long ago z #ahdj1 gov]n$ a flock ( ne>ly tw5ty ?\s& ,copts ( ! anci5t race ( gypt4 ,?is body ( fai?ful ,*ri/ians is daily increas+1 by ! adh]5ce ( o!r ,copts :o _h fall5 into ! ,euti*yan h]esy1 m f want ( in/ruction ?an ob/9acy4 ,no?+ c\ld surpass ! g5]osity ( ! ,kh$ive t[>ds ! *ur*4 ,he pres5t$ to ! ,pope sev]al m>ble columns1 = ! re/oration ( ! ,basilica ( ,/4 ,paul at ,rome1 & built = ! mission>ies & si/]s ( ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul a college1 s*ools1 & an hospital 9 ! city ( ,alex&ria4 ,at ,tunis & ,tripoli !re are #g1jjj ,ca?olics1 :o are m9i/]$ to by n9e prie/s ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,s e>ly z #ahdj1 ,si/]s ( ,*>ity w5t f ,france 9 ord] to e/abli% a community at ,tunis1 ) ! full concurr5ce ( ! ,mussulman gov]nm5t4 ,x is well kn[n t z soon z a ,fr5* colony 0 f\nd$ at ,algi]s1 a bi%op 0 appo9t$4 ,t ,african ,*ri/5dom1 s happily comm5c$1 /ill prosp]s1 & ext5ds its labors "u ! auspices ( ! augu/ ,head ( ! *ur*4 ,x is consol+ to obs]ve t !re are s _m nasc5t & ev5 fl\ri%+ *ur*es ar\nd ! va/ cont95t ( ,africa1 f ,s5egambia & ,si]ra ,leone1 by ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ! isl&s on ! s\?-ea/ coa/1 ?iopia & gypt1 to ! gates ( ,h]cules4 ,!y /& !re z s5t9els1 ready to intimate ! mom5t :5 ! army ( ! ,cross may p5etrate to ! c5tral cont95t1 & conqu] new k+doms to ! cause ( ,*ri/4 ,?is is surely n too mu* to hope = 9 an age :5 sci5ce has done s mu*1 & comm]ce1 t great h&maid ( civilization1 is op5+ a highway to ! d>ke/ recesses ( ! wide & long-lo/ hea!n l&4 7,m#bd7 ,"s s]i\s-m9d$ ,ca?olics ( ,g]many1 dread+ le/ a national or s*ismatical *ur* %\ld come to be e/abli%$ 9 t c\ntry1 conceiv$ ! happy idea ( organiz+1 "u ! auspices ( ,pius ,,ix41 associations ( laym51 :o made x _! duty to assi/ ! cl]gy 9 ev]y?+ t c\ld t5d to improve morals & education1 relieve suff]+1 & re/ore ! lib]ty & rights ( ! *ur*1 :il/ !y /udi$1 at ! same "t1 to imp>t a _s ( fai? to ! pursuits ( sci5ce1 ! arts1 & ev5 ! m humble occupations ( trade4 ,! *ief f\nd] ( ^! associations1 ,mr4 ,francis ,joseph ,busz1 has writt5 a book1 9 :i* he %[s :at progress !y _h already made 9 #ahea1 & :at x /ill rema9$ = !m to accompli%4 ,!y cont9u$ to prosp]1 & gave bir? to associations ( a l nature4 ,?us1 at ,cologne1 ,abbe ,kolp+1 ,vic> ( ! ,ca!dral1 f\nd$ a society ( ,ca?olic ,companions1 ! object ( ^: in/itute 01 t !y %\ld sp5d _! leisure h\rs toge!r 9 a ,*ri/ian mann]1 & increase ! k suit$ to _! /ate ( life1 in/ead ( los+ _! "t1 _! money & _! morals 9 tav]ns4 ,by ! ye> #aheb1 su* associations ( workm5 _h tak5 root 9 no few] ?an tw5ty-five cities 9 ,g]many4 ,ev] s9ce ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 ,g]many _h be5 di/ract$ by religi\s divisions4 ,& yet ! sect>ian _s does n appe> to h be5 s bitt] z 9 "s o!r c\ntries4 ,!re 0 at lea/ a desire = religi\s peace & union4 ,?is is suffici5tly express$ 9 ! articles ( ! treaty ( ,we/phalia1 :i* seems to h be5 int5d$ z a tempor>y arrangem5t = ! pacification ( ! c\ntry1 until peace %\ld be p]man5tly e/abli%$ 8by ! agreem5t ( all p>ties on po9ts ( religion20 8until all controv]sies %\ld be t]m9at$ by an amicable & univ]sal und]/&+40 8,b if1 :i* ,god =bid6 p _c come to su* amicable agreem5t on ! controv]t$ po9ts ( religion1 t ?is conv5tion %all1 nev]!less1 be p]petual1 & ?is peace always cont9ue40 ,?us 0 ! great treaty only a prelim9>y ( t la/+ peace :i* c only be f9ally conclud$ :5 all m9ds & he>ts are unit$ 9 ! bonds ( a common fai?4 ,:il/ _m good m5 labor$ to br+ ab\t ?is mo/ desirable end1 o!rs1 su* z ,fr$]ic ( ,prussia1 & ,joseph ,,ii4 ( ,au/ria1 by ill-advis$ measures1 & ! c\nt5ance :i* !y gave to uns\nd & ev5 irreligi\s doctr9es1 s[$ ! se$s ( an>*y & unbelief1 :i* fail$ n1 9 due "t1 to produce fruit accord+ to _! k9d1 & well-nigh accompli%$ ! ov]?r[ ( society z well z t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! ,au/rian ,emp]or appe>s to h und]/ood ! situation1 & has g5]ally ma9ta9$ fri5dly relations ) ! ,*ief ,pa/or4 ,g]many1 besides1 has n be5 )\t able & pi\s m51 :o h nobly su/a9$ ! cause ( ,tru? & ,union4 ,among ^! are p>ticul>ly des]v+ ( honorable m5tion ! ,c\nts ,/olb]g1 fa!r & son1 ^: writ+s h ex]cis$ a salut>y influ5ce4 ,:il/ _m o!r noble laym5 contribut$1 l !m1 to ! reg5]ation ( _! c\ntry1 o!rs1 :o 7 noble only 9 ! ranks ( lit]ature & sci5ce1 vi$ 9 _! ef=ts ) ! le>n$ ( noble bir?4 ,! eld] ,grres head$ ! ,ca?olic movem5t :5 ,prussia s cruelly p]secut$ ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cologne4 ,s good an example 0 n lo/ on ! son4 ,! y\ng] ,grres ceas$ n to emulate 8 wor?y p>5t until ! day ( 8 dea?1 9 #aheb4 ,ano!r di/+ui%$ au?or1 :o1 by 8 writ+s1 greatly contribut$ to in=m & enc\rage ! ,ca?olics ( ,g]many1 0 ,mr4 ,francis ,joseph ,busz1 already m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! associations ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,he 0 a native ( ,bad51 & an ,aulic ,c\nsellor ( ! ,gr& ,duke4 ,he _h also be5 a memb] ( ! great ,national ,p>liam5t1 :i* assembl$ at ,frank=t = ! purpose ( re/or+ ,g]man unity4 ,! be/-kn[n ( 8 works are3 ,ca?olic ,association ( ,g]many1 & ! necessity ( re=m 9 ! in/ruction & education ( ! ,ca?olic secul> cl]gy ( ,g]many4 ,"s ( 8 rem>ks may be appropriately quot$1 z !y ?r[ light on ! pres5t 7#ahgg-gh7 /ate ( ,g]many1 & expla9 9 great measure ! extraord9>y relations betwe5 ,*ur* & ,/ate 9 ! ,new ,g]man ,empire3 8,! ye> #ahdh prov$ to u ,g]mans t we c\ld n rely on our gov]nm5ts4 ,bo? diplomacy & bureaucracy are1 & w rema91 incorrigible4 ,our mis]y is1 inde$1 great4 ,diss5sion prevails among our good citiz5s2 ! ill-mean+ are unit$4 ,! ,revolution>y ,w> ( #ahdh & #ahdi 0 a w> ( pr9ciples1 b )\t results4 ,x 0 repress$1 b n exhau/$4 ,x keeps alive "u ! appe>ances by :i* x is conceal$4 ,! inexhau/ible volcano is at "w among/ u1 n only s9ce #ahdh1 b = ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,! abjuration ( law1 & ev5 ( all pr9ciple ( "r1 is only ! =m or expression2 ! ess5ce ( our malady is ! d5ial ( ,god & ,8 ,*ur*4 ,! revolution is apo/acy1 ! disunion ( ! nation is s*ism1 its an>*y ,a!ism4 ,:oev]1 l myself1 has witness$ ! public negotiations ( ,g]many1 kn[s full well t ! political /ruggle 01 = a long "t1 & p>ticul>ly = ! la/ ?ree ye>s1 a conte/ betwe5 ! religi\s confessions4 ,su* evolutions ( evil possess a c]ta9 life1 al?\gh x be only t :i* leads to dissolution4 ,!y spr+ "o f ano!r1 & ! new gr[? is always an improvem5t on t by :i* x 0 prec$$4 ,i say x ) sorr[4 ,! /rife ( political p>ties comes at la/ to be civil w>1 :i*1 9 its turn1 becomes a religi\s w>1 & su* w> soon gr[s to a w> ( unbelief aga9/ ,fai?1 ( anti*ri/ aga9/ ,*ri/4 ,! end is n unc]ta94 ,*ri/ w be victori\s2 = x is appo9t$ t ! p[] ( hell %all n prevail40 ,9 su* a /ate ( ?+s ! fir/ duty ( ,g]man ,ca?olics is t !y be unit$4 ,x is necess>y t ! ,g]man *ur* %\ld rema9 9 intimate union ) ! ,holy ,apo/olic ,see1 rel9qui%+ all pret5sion to be a sep>ate ,national ,*ur*4 ,! aspiration ( our au?or1 s w>mly express$ 9 #ahej1 t ! ,g]man ,episcopate %\ld1 9 m9d & action1 be "o body 9 ! nation1 act+ & suff]+ toge!r1 appe>s1 9 ^! lat] days1 to h be5 realiz$4 ,x 0 also 8 firm conviction t x behoov$ !m to labor to obta9 complete lib]ty ( action = ! *ur*1 p>ticul>ly 9 =m+ an exempl>y cl]gy1 bo? 9 ! less] & great] sem9>ies1 z well z 9 ^? high] in/itutions1 ! ,g]man univ]sities4 ,nei!r %\ld ! laity fail 9 ! fulfilm5t ( all ,*ri/ian & *>itable duties4 7,m#be7 ,x is well kn[n t1 9 anci5t times1 no c\ntries 9 ! _w 7 m ,ca?olic ?an ,spa9 & & ,portugal4 ,! great weal? & p[] & glory to :i* !y atta9$ 01 "o w\ld say1 a m>k ( ,heav5's approbation4 ,weal?1 h[ev]1 is a dang]\s possession4 ,9 ! c\ntries ref]r$ to x induc$ corruption & deg5]acy4 ,pr9ciples ( an>*y came to be dissem9at$1 devolution on revolution foll[$4 ,! au?ority ( ! ,*ief ,pa/or 0 resi/$4 ,! m9i/]s ( religion & ! religi\s ord]s 7 treat$ ) contempt--7 p]secut$ 9 l&s :]e !y _h be5 s long *]i%$ & rev]$4 ,! *ildr5 ( a corrupt nobility 7 s5t to gov]n ! prov9ces & *ur*es ( ! fall+ ,empire4 ,! result 01 x is sup]flu\s to say1 ! decl9e ( religion--! ov]?r[ ( ! once fl\ri%+ *ur*es ( ,spa9 & ,portugal4 ,& yet 7 !y n de/9$ to p]i% :olly4 ,a remnant 0 left2 & x 0 appo9t$ t ?is remnant %\ld take root & fructify 9 a soil :i* trials & p]secution _h prep>$ = a new gr[?4 ,x 0 res]v$ = ! age ( ,pius ,,ix4 to behold ,spa9 & ,portugal r5ew _! e>ly f]vor4 ,!y h return$ to ! c5tre ( ,ca?olic unity2 & 9 bo? c\ntries arrangem5ts h be5 ent]$ into = /ay+ ! spoliation ( ecclesia/ical prop]ty1 appo9t+ le>n$ & edify+ bi%ops to ! vacant ,sees1 re/or+ sem9>ies & cl]ical education4 ,! cl]gy1 :o _h be5 infect$ m or less by ! ,jans5i/ h]esy1 n[ purifi$ 9 ! crucible ( p]secution1 h resum$ ! s\nd doctr9es & ! h]oic virtues ( ! apo/olic m5 :o w ev] be ! brighte/ glory ( _! l&--,?omas ( ,villa-,nova1 ,francis ,xavi]1 ,ignatius ( ,loyola1 ,pet] ( ,alcant>a1 ,francis ,borgia1 ,/4 ,john ( ! ,cross1 & ,sa9t ,!resa4 ,! ,holy ,see1 ) ! concurr5ce ( ! ,spani% ,gov]nm5t1 has organiz$ anew ! *ur*es ( ,spa94 ,9 ! consi/ory ( #crd ,july1 #ahdh1 ,pope ,pius ,,ix4 in/itut$ bi%ops = ! foll[+ ,sees3 ,segovia & ,calahorra1 9 ,old ,ca/ile2 ,tortosa & ,vi*1 9 ,catalonia2 ,porto ,rico1 9 ,nor? ,am]ica2 ,cu5ca & ,/4 ,*>les de ,aucud de ,*il1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,?is la/-nam$ diocese1 at ! "t ( ! appo9tm5t1 0 newly erect$4 7,m#bf7 ,f ! epo* ( ! 8,re=mation10 :5 ! anci5t ,ca?olic hi]>*y ( ,engl&1 :i* _h be5 s successfully f\nd$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e & ! disciples ( ,/4 ,columba1 0 swept away1 until ! ye> #ahej1 ! *ur* 0 mission>y1 & gov]n$1 z missions usually are1 by prefects1 :o may be ar*-prie/s1 or vic>s-apo/olic1 ) episcopal titles4 ,until ! ye> #afbe1 ! ,engli% mission 0 "u ! guidance ( an ar*-prie/4 ,9 t ye> ,pope ,gregory ,,ii4 appo9t$ a vic>-apo/olic = all ,engl&4 ,circum/ances appe>+ favorable to ! *ur* aft] ! accession ( ,k+ ,james ,,ii41 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,xi4 plac$ ! ,engli% mission "u ! spiritual *>ge ( f\r vic>s-apo/olic1 :o 7 bi%ops1 ) titles tak5 f *ur*es1 9 p>tibus infidelium4 ,! c\ntry 01 at ! same "t1 divid$ into f\r mission>y di/ricts--! ,london1 ! ,ea/]n1 ! ,midl& & ! ,we/]n4 ,! numb]s ( ,ca?olics hav+ greatly increas$ dur+ ! e>ly portion ( ! pres5t c5tury1 ! ,holy ,fa!r1 ,gregory ,,xvi41 took into consid]ation ! new requirem5ts t _h aris51 by lett]s apo/olical1 ( date #crd ,july1 #ahdj1 made a new ecclesia/ical division ( ! ,engli% c\nties1 & d\bl$ ! numb] ( vic>s-apo/olic4 ,!re 7 n[ eight di/ricts "u ! spiritual jurisdiction ( ^! vic>s-apo/olic1 :o gov]n$ & 7 gov]n$ by ! wise con/itutions giv5 to _! pr$ecessors by ,pope ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 ,mean:ile1 ! /ate ( ! ,ca?olics ( ,engl& 0 rapidly improv+4 ,reliev$ ( s _m ( _! disabilities by ! graci\s ,act ( #ahbi1 !re 7 no long] any s]i\s legal imp$im5ts to ! legitimate developm5t ( _! *ur*4 ,x grew accord+ly1 & by ! ye> #ahdj _h become comp>atively fl\ri%+4 ,x possess$ _m /ately *ur*es1 eight or t5 important colleges1 ! build+s ( :i* 7 ( a high ord] ( ar*itecture2 num]\s *>itable in/itutions1 ea* ( consid]able ext5t2 ov] six hundr$ public *ur*es or *apels1 & eight hundr$ cl]gy4 ,_m ( ! mo/ anci5t families ( ! l& 7 among its devot$ adh]5ts1 & x also claim$ a n unequal %>e ( ! intellect & le>n+1 ! lit]>y & sci5tific di/9ction ( ! c\ntry4 ,_m ( ! ,briti% colonies _h already be5 favor$1 & n )\t ! full concurr5ce ( ! ,imp]ial gov]nm5t1 ) t m suitable & normal /ate ( *ur* gov]nm5t1 :i* dep5ds on ! in/itution ( bi%ops 9 ord9>y4 ,0 ! ,"m ,c\ntry1 ! seat ( empire1 ^: *ur* 0 s mu* m develop$ ?an t ( any ( ! colonies1 alone to be depriv$ ( s great an advantage8 ,7 ! ,ca?olics ( ,engl&1 :o 7 c]ta9ly 9 no respect beh9d ! re/ ( _! fell[-c\ntrym51 ev5 9 an age ( light & improvem5t1 to re/ satisfi$ ) a primitive /ate ( ?+s1 :5 a broad]1 a m free1 & 9 e way a m b5eficial sy/em ( spiritual rule 0 )9 _! rea*8 ,! ,*ief ,pa/or 0 will+ to inaugurate su* rule1 provid$ t he f\nd1 on exam9ation1 t x 0 suit$ to ! spiritual /ate & religi\s wants ( ! ,ca?olic p4 ,!re 0 no?+1 besides1 9 ! legislation ( ! c\ntry t c\ld be call$ an imp$im5t to a new & bett] condition ( ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t4 7,m#bg7 ,= "s "t ! ,ca?olics ( ,engl& _h desir$ t _! *ur* %\ld enjoy ! advantage ( be+ gov]n$ by bi%ops 9 ord9>y4 ,s e>ly z ! ye> #ahcd1 !y petition$ ! ,holy ,see to ?is effect4 ,at t "t1 h[ev]1 no?+ 0 conclud$4 ,9 #ahdg ! vic>s-apo/olic assembl$ 9 ,london1 & deput$ two ( _! numb] to be> a petition to ! ,holy ,fa!r1 e>ne/ly pray+ = ! long-desir$ boon4 ,x 0 crav$1 n z a m>k ( triumphant progress1 f> less z an act ( aggression on ! law-e/abli%$ *ur*1 b simply 9 ord] to af=d great] facility = ! adm9i/ration ( ! affairs ( ! *ur*1 & m effectually to promote ! edification ( ! ,ca?olic p4 ,! exi/+ code ( gov]nm5t _h be5 adopt$ ab\t a hundr$ ye>s be=e1 :5 heavy p5al laws1 toge!r ) endless disabilities1 7 9 =ce1 & religi\s lib]ty 0 unkn[n4 ,"p ( ?is code _h be5 repeal$ by ,pope ,gregory ,,xvi4 ,b x /ill t5d$ to emb>rass r ?an to aid & guide4 ,s9ce ,emancipation1 9 #ahbi1 ! ,ca?olic *ur* _h greatly exp&$1 & ! bi%ops1 vic>s-apo/olic1 7 9 a situation ( great difficulty1 z !y 7 mo/ anxi\s to be gu>d$ aga9/ arbitr>y decisions by fix$ rules1 :il/ z yet none 7 provid$ = !m4 ,no d\bt ! sy/em ( *ur* gov]nm5t by vic>s-apo/olic c\ld h be5 am5d$ & made m suitable to ! alt]$ circum/ances ( ! *ur*4 ,b x w\ld h be5 necess>ily complicat$1 & at be/ c\ld only h be5 a tempor>y arrangem5t4 ,x 0 ?\ght exp$i5t1 !re=e1 t ! ord9>y mode ( *ur* gov]nm5t %\ld be ext5d$ to ! ,ca?olic *ur* 9 ,engl&1 9 z f> z 0 compatible ) its social position4 ,x 01 accord+ly1 necess>y t !re %\ld be a hi]>*y4 ,! canon law c\ld n be appli$ "u vic>s-apo/olic1 nor c\ld prov9cial synods be held1 h[ev] necess>y _! action might be1 )\t a metropolitan & suffragan bi%ops4 ,! vic>s-apo/olic petition$ only ) a view to improve ! int]nal organization ( ! *ur*4 ,!y _h no idea ( attack+ any o!r body1 & surely nev] dreamt ( rivalry ) ! e/abli%$ ,anglican *ur*4 ,:at !y did1 besides1 0 p]fectly )9 ! law1 & accord+ to ! rights ( lib]ty ( consci5ce4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r k9dly li/5$ to ! petition1 & ref]r$ x = fur!r consid]ation to ! congregation ( ,propag&a4 ,:5 e po9t 0 c>efully exam9$1 & objections satisfactorily repli$ to1 ! favor petition$ = 0 grant$4 ,difficulties hav+ be5 />t$ 9 reg>d to "s matt] ( detail1 ! publication ( ! new code ( *ur* adm9i/ration 0 delay$4 ,^! difficulties 7 remov$ ! foll[+ ye> by ,bi%op ,ulla?orne4 ,b ! measure 0 aga9 ret>d$ by ! revolution :i* broke out at ,rome 9 #ahdh4 ,! delay 0 n )\t its uses4 ,x gave "t to ! /atesm5 ( ,engl& to become acqua9t$ ) & consid] ! measure ( re=m :i* 0 propos$ = adoption 9 ! int]nal organization ( ! ,ca?olic *ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,x 0 (ficially communicat$ to !m :5 pr9t$1 9 #ahdh4 ,!y made no objection4 ,& yet1 :5 x 0 promulgat$ 9 #ahej1 _! *ief spoke ( x1 9 8 ill-tim$ lett] to ! ,bi%op ( ,durham1 z 8insol5t & insidi\s40 ,= _m an age to come1 ,ca?olics w read ) a/oni%m5t t s in(f5sive an act ( ! ,holy ,see1 done at ! reque/ ( ! ,ca?olic bi%ops ( ,engl&1 & 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,ca?olic p1 at ! "t "s sev5 millions 9 numb]1 %\ld h excit$ ! ang] ( s great a portion ( ! ,engli% nation4 ,! isle 0 lit]ally fright$ f its propriety4 ,f ! ,que5 on h] ?rone to ! humble/ villag]1 all 7 seiz$ ) sudd5 & unacc\ntable fe>1 z if ! mon>*y _h be5 ?reat5$ ) imm$iate ov]?r[4 ,! ,que51 9 t]ror1 call$ h] ,c\ncil ( ,/ate ar\nd h]4 ,b h] *ief advis]1 a weak-m9d$ old man1 _h v little com=t to be/[4 ,he c\ld only help h] ,maje/y's bi%ops to inflame ! public m9d4 ,9 all consci5ce1 !y _h done q en\gh 9 ?is direction )\t 8 assi/ance4 ,! _s ( bigotry 0 enk9dl$1 & ! cl]gy1 ) _! *iefs1 gave pro( ( _! bitt] ho/ility ?r\gh e newspap] ( ! l&4 ,?is acrimoni\s opposition 01 h[ev]1 *iefly conf9$ to ! m9i/]s ( ! *ur* by law e/abli%$4 ,!y believ$1 or pret5d$ to believe1 t ! titles & legal rights ( _! bi%ops 7 aim$ at1 :il/1 9 reality1 c>e _h be5 tak5 to avoid (f5d+ !m1 or violat+ ! law1 by conf]r+ on ! new bi%ops ! titles ( ! anci5t ,sees :i* 7 held by ! e/abli%$ *ur*4 ,x is impossible to m5tion any?+ connect$ ) ! e/abli%m5t ( ! hi]>*y :i* c at all expla9 ! viol5ce ( ! bi%ops & cl]gy g5]ally ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,! popul> commotion arose f misconception & ! absurd falsehoods t 7 indu/ri\sly dissem9at$4 ,! masses 7 /ill rag+1 :5 ,dr4 ,wiseman1 :o _h j be5 rais$ to ! dignity ( ,c>d9al1 publi%$ an appeal to ! p ( ,engl&1 9 :i* he %[$ t ! measure :i* _h occasion$ s mu* di/urbance conc]n$ only ! int]nal organization ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*1 t ! ,pope _h n s\ght su* a measure1 b _h only acc$$ to x at ! e>ne/ reque/ ( ! bi%ops1 vic>s-apo/olic ( ,engl&3 t !re 0 no?+ connect$ ) x contr>y to ! laws ( ! c\ntry1 or t c\ld n be reconcil$ ) lib]ty ( consci5ce1 :i* 0 n[ s completely & g5]ally recogniz$4 ,x 0 z ridicul\s z x 0 illib]al to heap torr5ts ( abuse on ! ,pope1 z if he _h s\ght to usurp ! rights ( ! ,cr[n1 or seize on ! t]ritory & rev5ues ( ! e/abli%$ ,anglican *ur*4 ,z = himself1 he 0 revil$ because he _h receiv$ ! title ( ,ar*bi%op ( ,we/m9/]1 :il/1 9 reality1 z reg>d$ ! *ur* ( t "n1 & any t]ritory or prop]ty connect$ ) x1 x 0 only an empty title4 ,he 0 to be metropolitan4 ,! title ( ,london 0 inhibit$ by law4 ,s\?w>k 0 to be itself a diocese4 ,to h tak5 ! title ( a subord9ate portion ( ! great metropolis1 su* z ,f9sbury or ,isl+ton1 w\ld only h excit$ ridicule1 & caus$ ! new episcopate to be je]$ at4 ,we/m9/] 0 naturally select$1 al?\gh n by himself1 z giv+ an honorable & well-kn[n title4 ,he 0 glad t x 0 *os51 n because x 0 ! seat ( ! c\rts ( law1 or ( p>liam5t1 b because x br\ght ! real po9t ( ! controv]sy m cle>ly & /rik+ly be=e ! oppon5ts ( ! hi]>*y4 8,h we1 9 any?+1 act$ contr>y to law8 ,& if n1 :y are we to be blam$80 ,b he rejoic$1 also1 = ano!r reason4 ,! *apt] ( ,we/m9/] _h be5 ! fir/ to prote/ aga9/ ! new ar*iepiscopal title1 z ?\gh "s practical attempt at jurisdiction )9 ! ,abbey _h be5 int5d$4 ,to ?is m ?an absurd *>ge1 ! ,c>d9al eloqu5tly repli$3 8,! diocese1 inde$1 ( ,we/m9/]1 embraces a l>ge di/rict1 b ,we/m9/] prop] consi/s ( two v diff]5t p>ts4 ,"o comprises ! /ately ,abbey1 ) its adjac5t palaces & its royal p>ks4 ,to ?is portion ! duties & occupations ( ! dean & *apt] are ma9ly conf9$1 & !y %all range !re undi/urb$4 ,to ! v5]able old *ur* ,i may repair1 z ,i h be5 wont to d4 ,b p]haps ! dean & *apt] are n aw>e1 t 7 ,i dispos$ to claim m ?an ! "r to tread ! ,ca?olic pavem5t ( t noble build+1 & brea! its air ( anci5t consecration1 ano!r might /ep 9 ) a prior claim4 ,= successive g5]ations !re has exi/$ ev]1 9 ! ,b5$ict9e ord]1 an ,abbot ( ,we/m9/]1 ! repres5tative 9 religi\s dignity ( ^? :o erect$ & beautifi$ & gov]n$ t *ur* & cloi/]4 ,h !y ev] be5 di/urb$ by ?is titul>8 ,h !y he>d ( any claim or prote/ on 8 "p t\*+ _! temporalities8 ,!n let !m fe> no great] aggression n[4 ,l him1 ,i may visit1 z ,i h said1 ! old ,abbey1 & say my pray] by ! %r9e ( good ,/4 ,edw>d1 & m$itate on ! old5 times1 :5 ! *ur* fill$ )\t a coronation & multitudes h\rly wor%ipp$ )\t a s]vice4 ,b 9 _! temporal rights1 or _! quiet possession ( any dignity & title1 !y w n suff]4 ,:5ev] ,i g 9 ,i w pay my entrance fee1 l o!r liege subjects1 & resign myself meekly to ! guidance ( ! beadle1 & li/5 )\t rebuke :5 he po9ts out to my admiration dete/able monum5ts1 or %[s me a hole 9 ! wall = a confessional4 ,yet ?is spl5did monum5t1 its treasures ( art & its fitt+ end[m5ts1 =m n ! p>ts ( ,we/m9/] :i* w conc]n me2 = !re is ano!r "p :i* /&s 9 frightful contra/1 ?\gh 9 imm$iate contact ) ?is magnific5ce4 ,9 anci5t times ! exi/5ce ( an abbey 9 any spot1 ) a l>ge /aff ( cl]gy & ample rev5ues1 w\ld h suffic$ to create ar\nd x a little p>adise ( com=t1 *e]fulness & ease4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n n[ ! case4 ,close "u ! ,abbey ( ,we/m9/] !re lie conceal$ labyr9?s ( lanes & c\rts1 & alleys & slums1 ne/s ( ignorance1 vice1 depravity & crime1 z well z ( squalor1 wret*$ness & disease2 ^: atmosph]e is typhus1 ^: v5tilation is *ol]a2 9 :i* sw>ms a huge & almo/ c\ntless population1 9 great measure1 nom9ally1 at lea/1 ,ca?olic2 haunts ( fil? :i* no sew]age committee c rea*2 d>k corn]s :i* no light+ bo>d c bright54 ,?is is ! "p ( ,we/m9/] :i* alone ,i covet1 & :i* ,i %all be glad to claim & to visit1 z a bless$ pa/ure 9 :i* %eep ( ,holy ,*ur* are to be t5d$1 9 :i* a bi%op's godly "w has to be done1 ( consol+1 conv]t+ & pres]v+4 ,& if1 z ,i humbly tru/ 9 ,god1 x %all be se5 t ?is special culture1 aris+ f ! e/abli%m5t ( our hi]>*y1 be>s fruits ( ord]1 peacefulness1 dec5cy1 religion & virtue1 x may be t ! ,holy ,see %all n be ?\ght to h act$ unwisely1 :5 x b\nd up ! v s\l & salvation ( a ,*ief ,pa/or ) ^? ( a city1 :]e( ! "n1 inde$1 is glori\s1 b ! purlieus infam\s--9 :i* ! v gr&eur ( its public edifices is z a %ad[ to scre5 f ! public eye s9 & mis]y ! mo/ appall+4 ,if ! weal? ( ! ,abbey be /agnant1 & n diffusive2 if x 9 no way rescue ! neighbor+ population f ! dep?s 9 :i* x is sunk1 let !re be no jeal\sy ( any "o :o1 by :atev] "n1 is ready to make ! latt] 8 c>e1 )\t int]f]+ ) ! =m]40 ,9 ! passage :i* foll[s1 ! e/abli%$ cl]gy are r unc]emoni\sly h&l$2 & n undes]v$ly1 = !re c be no d\bt t _! reckless diatribes 9 ! pulpit1 on ! plat=m1 & 9 ! press1 7 ! *ief cause ( ! unhall[$ upro> :i* att5d$ ! publication ( ! new & mu*-ne$$ organization ( ! ,ca?olic *ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,x c]ta9ly 0 n _! fault if ! c\ntry 0 n disgrac$ by de$s ( viol5ce4 ,9 "o or two places1 inde$1 su* ?+s 7 attempt$4 ,at a t[n 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 :]e !re is a ,ca?olic mission1 a mob ( excit$ p ?reat5$ ! *apel & prie/'s h\se4 ,! pres5ce ( a c\nt]-mob f a neighbor+ colli]y spe$ily re/or$ tranquillity4 ,9 ano!r t[n a cr[d ( ! unwa%$ 7 proce$+ to burn ! ,pope & ,c>d9al 9 effigy1 :5 ^! augu/ p]sons 7 wisely seiz$ by ord] ( ! magi/rates1 &1 ) "s ( _! unruly escort1 secur$ )9 ! prison walls4 ,al?\gh a few hir$ ruffians c\ld attempt su* ?+s 7x is kn[n t ^? la/ nam$ 7 hir$71 ! ,engli% p 7 f> f contemplat+ any?+ l viol5ce4 ,s x is ) no small pleasure t is "h record$ ! high complim5t paid to !m 9 ! foll[+ eloqu5t passage ( ,c>d9al ,wiseman's appeal3 8,i _c conclude10 he says t[>ds ! end1 8)\t "o ^w on ! "p :i* ! cl]gy ( ! ,anglican *ur* h act$ 9 ! late excitem5t4 ,ca?olics h be5 _! pr9cipal !ological oppon5ts1 & we h c>ri$ on our controv]sies ) !m temp]ately1 & ) e p]sonal consid]ation4 ,we h _h no rec\rse to popul> arts to debase !m2 we h nev] attempt$1 ev5 :5 ! curr5t ( public op9ion has set aga9/ !m1 to turn x to advantage1 by jo9+ 9 any outcry4 ,!y are n our memb]s :o ye>ly call = returns ( s9ecures or episcopal incomes2 !y are n our p :o =m anti*ur*-&-/ate associations2 x is n our press :i* s5ds =? c>icatures ( ecclesia/ical dignit>ies1 or ?r[s ridicule on cl]ical avocations4 ,) u ! cause ( tru? & ( fai? has be5 held too sacr$ to be advocat$ 9 any b honorable & religi\s modes4 ,we h avoid$ ! tumult ( public assemblies & f>?+ appeals to ! ignorance ( ! multitude4 ,b no soon] has an opportunity be5 giv5 = awak5+ e lurk+ passion aga9/ u ?an x has be5 eag]ly seiz$ by ! m9i/]s ( ! ,e/abli%m5t4 ,! pulpit & ! plat=m1 ! *ur* & ! t[n hall1 h be5 equally _! field ( labor2 & spee*es h be5 made & untru?s utt]$1 & calumnies repeat$1 & fla%+ words ( disda9 & ang] & hate & contempt1 & ( e unprie/ly & un*ri/ian & unholy s5tim5t1 h be5 spok51 t c\ld be said aga9/ ^? :o almo/ alone h treat$ !m ) respect4 ,& little c>e 0 tak5 at :at "t or 9 :at circum/ances ^! ?+s 7 done4 ,if ! sp>k _h fall5 ^u ! inflammable mat]ials ( a gunp[d]-treason mob1 & made x explode1 or1 :at 0 worse1 _h ignit$ x1 :at c>$ !y8 ,if blood _h be5 inflam$ & arms uplift$1 & ! tor* 9 _! grasp1 & flames _h be5 enk9dl$1 :at he$$ !y8 ,if ! p]sons ( ^? :om consecration makes holy1 ev5 accord+ to _! own belief1 _h be5 seiz$1 l ! ,au/rian g5]al1 & ill-treat$1 & p]haps maim$1 or worse1 :at reck$ !y8 ,^! v ?+s 71 "o & all1 po9t$ at z glori\s signs1 %\ld !y take place1 ( high & noble ,prote/ant feel+ 9 ! l&1 z pro(s ( ! preval5ce ( an unp]secut+1 a free1 inquir+1 a tol]ant gospel cre$6 8,?anks to y1 brave & g5]\s & noble-he>t$ p ( ,engl&6 :o w\ld n be /irr$ up by ^? ^: duty x is to tea* y1 g5tlem51 meekness & =be>ance1 to support :at !y call a religi\s cause1 by irreligi\s means2 & w\ld n hunt d[n1 :5 bidd51 y\r un(f5d+ fell[-citiz5s1 to ! holl[ cry ( #8,no ,pop]y1' & on ! pret5ce ( a fabl$ aggression40 ,! ,london ,times might well say1 ref]r+ to ?is magnific5t appeal1 t ! ,c>d9al _h at l5g? spok5 ,engli%4 ,x 0 easy to my/ify ! p 9 reg>d to !ological utt]ances4 ,!y c\ld be no long] deceiv$ n[ t ! ,*ief ( ! new hi]>*y _h address$ !m 9 r\nd ,saxon t]ms1 ab\t ! mean+ ( :i* !re c\ld be no mi/ake4 ,! appeal fir/ publi%$ 9 ! ,london ,times 0 reproduc$ 9 all ! newspap]s ( ! c\ntry4 ,! public m9d 0 tranquilliz$1 & v little 0 he>d1 aft]w>ds1 ( ! 8,papal aggression40 ,! ,prime ,m9i/]1 h[ev]1 0 b\nd1 = ! sake ( consi/5cy1 to d some?+4 ,:at he did 0 highly 9 favor ( ! hi]>*y4 ,x prov$ t ev]y?+ _h be5 done accord+ to law1 simply by ! fact t p>liam5t 0 urg$ to make a new law by :i* ev]y?+ t _h be5 done w\ld be illegal4 ,?is 0 ! fam\s ,ecclesia/ical ,titles ,bill4 ,x 0 design$ to accompli% a great deal--to ext+ui% = ev] ! ,c>d9al ,ar*bi%op1 & all ! o!r newly-in/itut$ bi%ops4 ,x prov$ utt]ly futile--telum imbelle s9e ictu4 ,! p c\ld n be made to put d[n ! ,ca?olic in/itution2 & religi\s lib]ty 0 s ?or\ghly recogniz$ t ev5 an act ( p>liam5t 0 p[]less aga9/ x4 7,m#bh7 ,! new ,sees con/itut$ by ! ,lett]s ,apo/olical ( #bi? ,septemb]1 #ahej1 7 ?irte5 9 numb]--,we/m9/]1 ! ,metropolitan ,see2 ,s\?w>k1 ,hexham1 ,bev]ly1 ,liv]pool1 ,sal=d1 ,%rewsbury1 ,newport1 ,clifton1 ,plym\?1 ,nott+ham1 ,birm+ham & ,nor?ampton4 7,m#bi7 ,at ! "t ( ! re/oration ( ! ,engli% hi]>*y1 ,dr4 ,wiseman 0 creat$ a ,c>d9al1 n s mu* 9 honor ( ! important act to :i* x 0 8 *>ge to give effect1 z because ! ,holy ,fa!r hav+ resolv$ on a creation ( ,c>d9als s em95t a man c\ld n be ov]look$4 ,at ! accession ( ,pius ,,ix4 !re 7 sixty-"o liv+ ,c>d9als4 ,( ^! only n9e 7 n ,italians4 ,:51 on 8 return to ,rome1 aft] 8 soj\rn 9 ! k+dom ( ,naples1 he det]m9$ to add f\rte5 ,c>d9als to ! ,sacr$ ,college1 only f\r ( ! prelates select$ 7 natives ( ,italy4 ,! re/ 71 at ! "t1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 ( ! ,ca?olic _w4 ,( ?is numb] ,ar*bi%op ,geissel ( ,cologne 0 "o1 & ! ,k+ ( ,prussia1 m lib]al ?an c]ta9 magnates ( ,engl&1 ?ank$ ! ,holy ,fa!r1 9 an autograph lett]1 = ! honor ?us done to ! ,ca?olic *ur* ( 8 c\ntry4 ,s9ce t "t ! ,prussian mon>* appe>s to h *ang$ 8 s5tim5ts z well z 8 m9i/ry4 7,m#cj7 ,not)/&+ ! noisy demon/rations 9 opposition to ! ,c>d9al ,ar*bi%op & 8 bro!r bi%ops1 !y 7 all[$ to pursue 9 peace _! labors ( ,*ri/ian zeal4 ,! ,engli% grumbl$1 z is _! wont4 ,b discov]+ 9 "t t !y 7 nei!r attack$ nor hurt1 ! rights ( lib]ty ( consci5ce 7 respect$1 & no p]secution foll[$ :at x 0 at fir/ ! fa%ion to call ! 8,papal aggression40 7,m#ca7 ,! ,emancipation ,bill ( #ahbi1 by :i* lib]ty ( consci5ce1 :i* 0 s pr\dly call$ ! bir?right ( e ,engli%man1 0 ext5d$ to ,ca?olics1 t5d$ p[]fully1 no d\bt1 to promote ! developm5t ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,x grew also by emigration f ,ca?olic ,irel&1 & !re 7 "s conv]sions occasionally f ! ,prote/ant ranks4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 till ! decade imm$iately prec$+ ! re/oration ( ! hi]>*y1 t !re 0 a v m>k$ & decid$ movem5t ( ! educat$ & le>n$ m5 ( ,engl& t[>ds ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,x is n record$ any:]e t ,ca?olic mission>ies or envoys ( ! ,pope _h p5etrat$ into ^? sanctu>ies ( ,prote/ant le>n+--! celebrat$ univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,!re1 at lea/1 !re 0 no 8,papal aggression10 & tract ^u tract 0 issu$ f ! press ( ^? seats ( le>n+1 9 :i* x 0 argu$ t ! doctr9es taught by ! ,fa!rs ( ! fir/ five c5turies 7 ! real ,*ri/ian tea*+ :i* all m5 7 b\nd to accept4 ,x appe>$ to h escap$ ! le>n$ m5 ( ,cambridge & ,ox=d t ^! 7 ! v doctr9es s p]sev]+ly adh]$ to by ! long-ignor$ & d[n-trodd5 ,ca?olics ( ,engl&4 ,?is fact1 h[ev]1 fla%$ ^u _! m9ds at la/1 & !y :o 7 lights 9 ! ,anglican e/abli%m5t1 :i* _h be5 s long surr\nd$ by a halo ( worldly glory1 & to be connect$ ) :i* 0 a sure title to respectability1 hesitat$ n to place !mselves 9 communion ) ^? ^: position z a *ur* _h be5 = s _m g5]ations l to t ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians :o lurk$ 9 ! catacombs ( ,rome4 ,! cl]gy ( ! ,ca?olic *ur* 9 ,engl&1 al?\gh !y did n & c\ld n h inaugurat$ ! ,cambridge & ,ox=d movem5t1 recogniz$ its importance1 & freely second$ :at x 0 beyond _! p[] to initiate4 ,=emo/ among/ ^? :o 7 ev] ready to af=d com=t & enc\ragem5t to ! able & inquir+ m5 :o s\ght ! "o true fold1 0 ! le>n$ ecclesia/ic ( _w-wide r5[n :o1 a little lat]1 bore s conspicu\s a "p 9 ! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! sacr$ hi]>*y 9 ,engl&4 ,?is highly-gift$ div9e 0 a will+ work] 9 ! great ,ma/]'s field4 ,8 labors 7 beyond ev5 8 great p[]s2 & s 8 c>e]1 ?\gh brilliant1 0 comp>atively %ort4 ,! cause :i* he s well su/a9$ is "o :i* _c suff] an irrep>able loss2 & great w\ld be ! joy ( ! pi\s & devot$ ,c>d9al1 s e>ly snat*$ away1 if x 7 giv5 him to behold ! rapid developm5ts ( ! *ur* :i*1 9 8 day1 he s ably & successfully upheld4 7,m#cb7 ,if ! increase ( ,ca?olics 9 ,engl& 0 rapid dur+ ! decade :i* prec$$1 x 0 mu* m s imm$iately alt] ! re/oration ( ! hi]>*y4 ,?is ev5t appe>s to h giv5 a new impetus to ! gr[? ( ! *ur* & h] salut>y in/itutions4 ,religi\s communities multipli$ "u ! fo/]+ c>e ( ! ,c>d9al ,ar*bi%op1 & ! enc\ragem5t :i* ! ,holy ,fa!r nev] ceas$ to af=d4 ,f #hj1 at ! accession ( ,pius ,,ix41 !y rose to #cfg2 & s*ools & colleges increas$ f #ejj to #a1cjj4 ,! numb] ( prie/s 9 ,great ,brita9 0 m ?an trebl$4 ,x grew f #hbj to #a1ifh1 :il/ *ur*es & *apels rose 9 proportion--f #fbf to #a1bfh4 ,! numb] ( dignit>ies & o!r m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 by law e/abli%$1 :o1 )9 ! same p]iod1 embrac$ ! ,ca?olic fai?1 is e/imat$ at ov] "o ?\s&4 ,!re 71 at ! same "t1 num]\s conv]sions among ! laity4 ,all ?is1 toge!r ) ! natural gr[? ( population & immigration f ,irel&1 acc\nts = ! increase ( ,ca?olics ?r\gh\t ! ,briti% isles 9 ! days ( ,pius ,,ix41 z well z = ! great additions to ! numb] ( _! cl]gy1 *ur*es1 religi\s & educational in/itutions4 ,monsignore ,capel ascribes ^! extraord9>y developm5ts 9 great measure to ! action ( t section ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& :i* is kn[n z ! ,high ,*ur* or ,rituali/ division ( ! ,e/abli%m5t4 ,?is is true1 no d\bt1 z reg>ds any augm5tation ( ! *ur* ?r\gh conv]sions f ,prote/antism1 & ! impetus giv5 by ! movem5t t[>ds ,ca?olic union4 8,x is sc>cely possible10 says ! ,rev4 ,monsignore ,capel1 8to f9d a family 9 ,engl& t w n own t "o ( its memb]s1 or1 at lea/1 "s acqua9tance1 has relations ) ! ,ca?olic *ur*1 or obs]ves "s ( ! practices ( t *ur*1 :e!r x be adoration ( ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t1 auricul> confession1 devotion to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 or v5]ation ( ! sa9ts4 ,?is movem5t is ( su* p[]ful proportions1 & possesses su* vitality ( action1 t no p[] on e>?1 no p]secution on ! "p ( ,prote/antism1 ! gov]nm5t or ! press1 is able to suppress x4 ,ca?olics w\ld nev] h be5 able1 !mselves alone1 to realize :at is n[ accompli%$ by a section ( ! e/abli%$ ,anglican *ur*4 ,! memb]s ( ?is p>ty1 by _! disc\rses 9 ! pulpit1 h famili>iz$ ! public m9d ) expressions :i* ,ca?olics nev] c\ld h spread among ! ,engli% p to ! same ext5t1 su* z alt> & sacrifice1 prie/ & prie/hood1 high mass1 sacram5t1 p5ance1 confession1 c4 ,! movem5t has produc$ ?is result4 ,_m p]sons h become s]i\sly religi\s1 :o _h be5 9 ! habit ( consid]+ t ! s]vice ( ,god 0 only a fitt+ employm5t = ,sunday4 ,9 f9e1 ! _s ( ,god :i* brea!d on ! wat]s at ! comm5cem5t is n[ pass+ ov] ! ,briti% nation & impell+ x t[>ds ,ca?olic tru?40 ,n a few ( ^? :o 7 once di/+ui%$ m9i/]s ( ! ,anglican *ur* are n[ (ficiat+1 ) great acceptance1 z ,ca?olic prie/s4 ,( ! #bfd prie/s ( ! diocese ( ,we/m9/]1 !re are #dj :o 7 memb]s ( ! (ficial or law *ur*4 ,!re pass$ n a week1 ,m4 ,capel assures u1 t he did n receive f\r or five ,rituali/s into ! communion ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,?is 0 no fruit ( 8 labor & ability1 he mode/ly z well z truly decl>es4 ,!y 7 p]sons ) :om he _h no relations :atsoev]1 until !y came to him1 _! m9ds made up1 & express$ t s]i\s det]m9ation :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( !m4 ,! publications ( ! celebrat$ /atesman1 ,mr4 ,glad/one1 al?\gh !y h n won = him reputation z a !ologian1 h1 nev]!less1 promot$ ! cause ( ,ca?olic !ology4 ,! op9ions ( s em95t a man 7 naturally subjects ( g5]al discussion2 & ?us1 :il/ he oppos$ ,pius ,,ix4 & 8 decisions1 he caus$ _m1 :o w\ld nev] probably h ?\ght s]i\sly ( any?+ a ,pope c\ld say1 to give _! att5tion to matt]s spiritual ( ! highe/ import4 ,z reg>ds 8 own !ology1 x is p>tly s\nd1 p>tly ! rev]se4 ,:il/ entirely misappreh5d+ ! doctr9e ( infallibility1 & d5y+ :at he conceives x to be1 he vigor\sly ma9ta9s ! indefectibility ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*1 & ackn[l$ges ! claim ( h] pa/ors to 8desc5t 9 an unbrok5 l9e f ,*ri/ & ,8 apo/les40 ,su* is "o ( ! p[]ful ag5ts 9 ! great movem5t ( ! age4 ,! mo/ influ5tial ( all1 h[ev]1 0 ,pope ,pius ,,ix4 himself4 ,engli% p & ,am]icans (t5 s\ght 8 pres5ce4 ,& :o %all tell h[ _m1 aft] hav+ conv]s$ ) him or 8 repres5tatives1 h be5 disabus$ ( _! errone\s notions1 or h ev5 embrac$ ! ,ca?olic fai?8 ,"o *ief cause ( ! rem>kable developm5t ( ! ,ca?olic *ur* 9 ! ,briti% isles1 is ! complete religi\s lib]ty :i* ,ca?olics enjoy4 ,?is important fact 0 ?or\ghly recogniz$ on occasion ( ! celebration ( ! anniv]s>y ( ,o',connell 9 ,augu/1 #ahge1 :5 a solemn ,te ,deum 0 ord]$ 9 all ! *ur*es by ! ,c>d9al ,ar*bi%op1 9 ?anksgiv+ = ! lib]ty ( consci5ce :i* 0 s glori\sly won = ! ,unit$ ,k+dom z well z ,irel& & all ! colonies4 ,pius ,,ix4 & ! :ole ,ca?olic _w jo9$ on ! same occasion 9 acts ( ?anksgiv+ ) ! spiritual heirs ( ,/s4 ,patrick1 ,augu/9e1 ,columba & ,/4 ,?omas ( ,cant]bury4 ,x is a notewor?y fact t ! numb] ( ar*iepiscopal & episcopal sees1 toge!r ) vic>iates-apo/olic1 c41 creat$ by ,pius ,,ix4 ?r\gh\t ! ,briti% ,empire1 is n less ?an "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five4 7,m#cc7 ,= ?ree hundr$ ye>s ! ,ca?olics ( ,holl& 7 sorely tri$ by p]secution4 ,until ! "t ( ! ,concordat ( #ahbg1 !y 7 gov]n$ by ar*prie/s1 ^: sup]ior or prefect resid$ at ! ,hague4 ,:5 ,holl& 0 sep>at$ f ,belgium1 ! k+ ( ! =m] c\ntry wisely resolv$ to act z a con/itutional mon>*4 ,he 0 consid]ate z reg>d$ 8 ,ca?olic subjects4 ,8 successor1 ,william ,,ii41 to :om 9 #ahdj he resign$ ! cr[n1 treat$ !m ) /ill great] b5evol5ce4 ,he s\ght an und]/&+ ) ! ,holy ,see1 & gave effect to ! ,concordat ( #ahbg4 ,vic>s-apo/olic1 inve/$ ) ! episcopal "*1 7 n[ ! *ief pa/ors ( ! *ur* ( ,holl&4 ,! k+ also sanction$ ! e/abli%m5t ( sev]al religi\s communities1 among ! re/ ! ,society ( ,jesuits & ! ,liguorians4 ,^! arrangem5ts 7 joyfully accept$ by ! ,ca?olics ( ,holl&1 & pav$ ! way = great] developm5ts4 ,^! wor?y p 71 = a long "t1 believ$ to be few 9 numb]1 & sc>cely m ?an nom9ally ,ca?olics4 ,reliev$1 at l5g?1 f ! pressure ( p]secution1 !y a/oni%$ ! _w1 n only by _! numb]s1 b also1 & ev5 m1 by _! zeal 9 ! cause ( religion4 ,accord+ to ! c5sus ( #ahdj1 !y 7 ne>ly "o-half ( ! entire population ( ,holl&4 ,total population1 #b1hfj1dej2 ,prote/ants1 #a1gjj1bge2 ,ca?olics1 #a1ajj1faf4 ,! rema9d] 0 made up ( ,jews & o!r diss5t]s4 ,?us 7 ! ,ca?olics ( ,holl& z elev5 to sev5te54 ,s9ce t "t !y h n ceas$ to increase4 ,nor h !y lo/ ! high "* :i* induc$ ,pius ,,ix41 9 #ahec1 to re/ore1 ! k+ concurr+1 _! long-lo/ hi]>*y4 ,an ar*bi%opric1 ,utre*t1 & f\r episcopal sees 7 e/abli%$--,h>lem1 ,h]zog5bos*1 or ,bois le ,due1 ,br$a & ,ro]monde4 ,?is wise & necess>y measure 0 foll[$ by an outbur/ ( wra? on ! side ( ! anti-,ca?olic p>ty4 ,b 9 ,holl&1 z 9 ,engl&1 x soon subsid$1 & left only ! impression t ,prote/ants & o!r non-,ca?olic p claim an exclusive "r to religi\s lib]ty4 ,pius ,,ix4 nev] ceas$ to ent]ta9 a high op9ion ( ! good ,ca?olics ( ,holl&4 8,ah60 said he to visitors f t c\ntry1 8c\ld we ev] =get t ^! s+le-m9d$1 loyal1 pati5t ,holl&]s =m$ ! majority ( our soldi]s1 :o 7 n native ,italians1 at ,ca/elfid>do & ,m5tana40 7,m#cd7 ,:il/ 9 ! old _w1 :]ev] really free political in/itutions exi/$1 ! _s ( p]secution quail$ be=e ! recogniz$ pr9ciple ( religi\s lib]ty1 9 c]ta9 portions ( ! new x appe>$ to ga9 /r5g?1 & to increase 9 ! viol5ce ( its opposition to ! lib]ty ( ! *ur*4 ,?is 0 p>ticul>ly ! case 9 ,new ,granada1 :]e politicians1 )\t /atesman%ip or exp]i5ce1 imag9$ t !y _h made _! p free1 :5 !y succe$$ 9 sep>at+ !m f ,spa9 & e/abli%+ a republic1 9 :i* ! fir/ pr9ciples ( lib]ty 7 ignor$4 ,x is n record$ t ! cl]gy ( ,new ,granada s\ght to d viol5ce to any man's consci5ce1 or ev] ?\ght ( =c+ any "o to accept ! ,ca?olic cre$4 ,to say ! lea/1 !y 7 too wise to attempt1 ?us to fill ! *ur* ) hypocrites & secret enemies4 ,( su* !re 7 already too _m 9 ^? societies :i* %un ! light1 & 9 ! new _w z actively z 9 ! old intrigue & manuvre 9 ord] to ov]?r[ e regul> & legitimately e/abli%$ gov]nm5t4 ,ev5 ! republic ( ,new ,granada1 :i* _h be5 fa%ion$ s mu* accord+ to _! w1 0 f> f p]fect 9 _! e/imation1 s long z ! *ur* 0 n completely subject to ! /ate4 ,s e>ly z #ahdg1 ,pius ,,ix4 address$ a fa!rly remon/rance to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,new ,republic4 ,x 0 ( no avail4 ,! evil cont9u$4 ,anti-,ca?olic legislation 0 coolly proce$$ )4 ,9 #ahej ! sem9>y ( ,bogota 0 confiscat$4 ,! foll[+ ye> bi%ops 7 =bidd5 ! visitation ( conv5ts4 ,laws 7 enact$ requir+ t lay p>i%ion]s %\ld elect _! p>i% prie/s1 & t canons %\ld be appo9t$ by ! prov9cial c\ncils4 ,! cl]gy 7 robb$ ( _! prop] incomes1 & ! congress or p>liam5t ( ! republic arrogat$ ! "r to det]m9e :at sal>ies !y %\ld enjoy z well z :at duties !y %\ld fulfil4 ,?is surely 0 no?+ less ?an to r$uce ! *ur* to be no?+ m ?an a dep>tm5t ( ! civil gov]nm5t4 ,! *ur* c\ld n s exi/4 ,its pr9ciple & organization 7 f a high] s\rce4 ,! ,sociali/s & secret plott]s fully und]/ood t !y 7 s1 & t 9 ?is lay ! secret ( ! *ur*'s p[] to promote virtue & *eck ! c\rse ( evil4 ,x consi/$1 x appe>s1 ) _! ideas ( ju/ice & lib]ty1 t ! *ur* %\ld1 if possible1 be depriv$ ( ?is great & salut>y moral p[]4 ,s1 :il/ nei!r its memb]s1 g5]ally1 nor its cl]gy desir$ radical & subv]sive *anges 9 ! ess5tial con/itution ( ! *ur*1 ! republican lead]s det]m9$ t x %\ld be completely revolutioniz$4 ,! bi%ops & prie/s prote/$1 ) "o voice1 aga9/ su* fundam5tal innovations4 ,! republicans1 no less resolute1 &1 b5t on _! wick$ purpose1 imprison$ & bani%$ ! cl]gy4 ,"o dignit>y alone %[$ weakness4 ,he 0 no o!r ?an ! ,vic>-,caputul> ( ,antioquia4 ,pius ,,ix4 *>itably rebuk$ him1 & exhort$ him to suff] c\rage\sly1 l 8 bre?r54 ,! p]secution1 mean:ile1 0 v sweep+4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,bogota1 ,s5or ,mosqu]a1 & almo/ all ! suffragan bi%ops1 7 driv5 f ! c\ntry1 s t !re 0 sc>cely a bi%op left 9 ! republic4 ,x 0 n[ spe$ily se5 t ! godless radicals _h ov]done _! ungraci\s "w4 ,! c\ntry 0 r\s$4 ,! tide ( popul> indignation set 9 aga9/ ! %ort-sight$ politicians :o p]secut$ ! *ur*1 & !y1 dread+ an insurrection1 )drew1 ) ! be/ grace !y c\ld comm&1 f ! false position :i* !y _h s unwisely assum$4 7,m#ce7 ,:il/ ! _s ( p]secution brood$ gloomily ov] _m c\ntries ( ! new _w1 its influ5ce began to decl9e 9 ^? l&s :]e = c5turies ! idea ( lib]ty ( consci5ce 0 unkn[n1 :]e ev5 ! slighte/ tol]ation exi/$ n4 ,^? nor!rn lights1 ^? *ampions 9 _! day ( ,prote/antism & 8religi\s lib]ty0 ,gu/avus ,wasa & ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 7 n mi/ak5 :5 !y bequea!d to _! c\ntry laws :i* 7 int5d$ to be z un*angeable z ^? ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 & :i* =bade all ,sc&9avians1 :e!r ,sw$es1 ,danes or ,norwegians1 "u pa9 ( dea?1 to embrace ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,^? pr9ces 7 wise 9 _! g5]ation4 ,!y und]/ood ! p[] ( ,tru?2 !y knew t half measures 7 ( no avail aga9/ x2 & t 9 ord] to /ifle x1 ev5 = a "t1 all ! t]rors ( worldly tyranny mu/ be br\ght into play4 ,_! laws1 m t]rible ?an ! code ( ,draco1 rema9$ 9 =ce & )\t mitigation until a great revolution _h swept ov] ,europe1 & s5t a milit>y adv5tur] to fill ! regal seat ( ! =midable ,wasas4 ,9 ! "t ( ,b]nadotte 7! ,doct ,b>on71 ! infam\s p5al laws 7 relax$4 ,to become a ,ca?olic n[ only l$ to imprisonm5t or exile4 ,six ladies ( ,sw$51 9 defiance ( ?is mild] law1 came to pr(ess ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,!y 7 tri$1 condemn$ & s5t5c$ to be bani%$ f ! c\ntry4 ,! execution ( ?is b>b>\s s5t5ce r\s$ all ,europe1 & caus$ ! abrogation ( ! ,sw$i% p5al laws aga9/ religion4 7,m#cf7 ,?us 0 a new field laid op5 to mission>y zeal1 & ,pius ,,ix41 avail+ himself ( s favorable a *ange ( circum/ances1 appo9t$ a ,ca?olic pa/or mission>y apo/olic at ,/ockholm4 ,?is devot$ prie/ labors assidu\sly & 9 ! mid/ ( difficulties1 b n )\t fruit4 ,he cont5ds1 ) all ! success t c be z yet expect$1 aga9/ prejudices ho/ile to ! religion :i* br\ght civilization to ! ,sc&9avian nations1 & :i* h be5 accumulat+ = ?ree c5turies & a half4 7,m#cg7 ,d5m>k foll[$ 9 ! wake ( ,sw$54 ,)9 ! fir/ two ye>s aft] ! abrogation ( ! cruel ,dani% p5al code1 !re 7 six hundr$ conv]sions to ! ,ca?olic fai?4 7,m#ch7 ,! ,ca?olic *ur* 9 ! rec5tly-erect$ k+dom ( ,greece 0 gov]n$ by vic>s-apo/olic4 ,x griev$ ,k+ ,o?o1 :o1 z is well kn[n1 0 ( ! ,ca?olic royal family ( ,bav>ia1 to see 8 c\ntry treat$ z if x 7 a hea!n l&4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 till ! "t ( 8 successor1 :o is a son ( ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k1 t ,pius ! ,n9? 0 able to e/abli% a hi]>*y 9 ,greece4 ,!re is n[ an ar*bi%op ( ,a!ns z well z an ar*bi%op ( ,corfu4 7,m#ci7 ,at a "t :5 crime ab\nd$1 ! gov]nm5ts ( c]ta9 petty ,/ates ( ,g]many1 in/ead ( direct+ _! en]gies t[>ds its repression1 & s fulfill+ "o ( ! *ief duties incumb5t on ! ,/ate1 employ$ all ! au?ority ) :i* !y 7 inve/$ to disorganize ! *ur* & de/roy its salut>y influ5ce4 ,z is usual1 :5 ,/ates1 =gett+ ! great objects = :i* !y are entru/$ ) ! sword ( ju/ice1 foll[ su* a c\rse1 !y attack$ ! m9i/]s ( ! *ur*1 bani%+1 imprison+1 ?w>t+ & mole/+ !m 9 e possible way4 ,9 ! ,gr& ,du*y ( ,bad5 ! civil au?orities arrogat$ ! "r to appo9t p>i% prie/s & o!r memb]s ( ! sacr$ m9i/ry4 ,!y w5t s f> z to endeavor to poison religi\s in/ruction at its s\rce1 & decl>$ t ! /ud5ts 9 ,ca?olic sem9>ies mu/ und]go1 be=e ord9ation1 an exam9ation by civil (ficials4 ,?is tyrannical law 0 c\rage\sly oppos$ by ! v5]able ar*bi%op1 ,vic>y1 ( ,friburg4 7,m#dj7 ,al?\gh eighty ye>s ( age1 he 0 dragg$ be=e ! c\rts1 & plac$ l a crim9al "u *>ge ( ! police4 ,! fai?ful cl]gy 7 bani%$1 imprison$ & f9$4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 ) 8 usual zeal1 remon/rat$4 ,x 0 to no purpose4 ,at l5g? ! ,ca?olics ( ,g]many 7 r\s$4 ,!y c\ld no long] be indiff]5t4 ,! day 0 come :5 ! *ur*1 9 h] utmo/ ne$1 c\ld n disp5se ) _! assi/ance4 ,all mu/ n[ be = h] or aga9/ h]4 ,! great majority flock$ ar\nd h] /&>d4 ,mean:ile1 ! public (fices 9 ! *ur*es 7 susp5d$4 ,! bells & organs 7 he>d no m4 ,sil5ce & dea?-l gloom ov]spread ! l&4 ,bad5 gave way4 ,wurtemb]g1 ,hesse ,cassel & ,nassau1 :i* _h done _! be/ to foll[ 9 ! wake ( ,bad51 paus$ 9 _! mad c>e]4 ,?us1 ?r\gh\t ^? less] ,/ates peace reign$ once m1 & cont9u$ to reign 9 ,g]many until a great] ,/ate1 ,prussia1 unwisely di/urb$ ! religi\s h>mony :i* s happily prevail$4 ,! *iefs ( ,/ates1 al>m$ by ! revolution>y _s :i* spread1 l contagion1 ?r\gh\t ,g]many z well z ! re/ ( ,europe1 adopt$ a m rational policy4 ,!y enc\rag$ ! cl]gy to hold missions ev]y:]e4 ,!y invit$ ! ,liguorians & ,jesuits1 z well z ! secul> cl]gy1 to assemble ! p 9 ! t[ns & ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 kn[+ full well t !y w\ld prea* peace & concord no less ?an respect = prop]ty & life4 ,^! pa/oral labors 7 att5d$ ) extraord9>y success4 ,fai?1 piety1 & e virtue fl\ri%$ among ! ,ca?olic p4 ,all hone/ ,prote/ants 7 fill$ ) admiration4 ,among ! latt] !re 0 also a rem>kable movem5t4 ,"s /rik+ conv]sions took place1 especially 9 ! high] & bett] educat$ classes ( society4 ,! ,c\ntess de ,hahn1 s r5[n$ 9 ! lit]>y _w = h] wit1 abilities1 & f9e writ+s1 jo9$ ! ,ca?olic *ur*1 & publi%$ h] reasons = s do+4 ,n satisfi$ ) ?is /ep1 %e came to ! t[n ( ,ang]s1 9 ,france1 & plac$ h]self z a novice "u ! direction ( ! dev\t si/]s ( ! ,good ,%eph]d4 ,x is on record also1 t a ,prote/ant j\rnali/ ( ,meckl5burgh1 9 view ( ! commotions :i* prevail$1 & ! anti-social doctr9es :i* p]vad$ society1 w5t s f> z to decl>e t !re 0 no o!r rem$y = ,prote/ant ,g]many ?an a return to ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,8 rem>ks conclude ) ! foll[+ words1 extraord9>y words1 inde$1 :5 x is consid]$ :5ce !y proce$3 8,=w>d1 !n1 to ,rome60 7,m#da7 ,9 c\ntries ne>] ! ,holy ,city1 & pr(ess+ to be ,ca?olic1 ! v5]able ,pontiff f\nd n su* a s\rce ( consolation4 ,s>d9ia _h bani%$ ! ar*bi%op ( ,tur94 ,x n only refus$ to recall him1 b add$ to its li/ ( exiles ! ar*bi%op ( ,cagli>i4 ,_m m bi%ops 71 at ! same "t1 ?reat5$ ) bani%m5t4 ,a pr(essor 9 ! ,royal ,univ]sity ( ,tur91 enc\rag$ by ! gov]nm5t1 attack$ ! doctr9e ( ! *ur*1 & 0 s bold z to d5y1 9 public1 t matrimony is a sacram5t4 ,pius ,,ix4 issu$ a condemnation ( 8 anti-,ca?olic writ+s4 ,! s5t5ce did n move him4 ,nor did x /ay ! h& ( ! ,s>d9ian gov]nm5t :i* 0 rais$ aga9/ ! *ur* & h] in/itutions4 ,x cont9u$ ! prep>ation ( its anti-m>riage law4 ,9 addition1 accusations 7 laid aga9/ ! cl]gy4 ,! k+ himself1 evad+ ! real "q at issue1 accus$ !m ( disloyalty1 & decl>$ t !y 7 w>r+ aga9/ ! mon>*y4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 9 ! foll[+ lett] to ! k+1 di/9ctly set =? ! real /ate ( ! case3 8,if by words provok+ insubord9ation are meant ! writ+s ( ! cl]gy aga9/ ! propos$ m>riage law1 we decl>e1 )\t endors+ ! language :i* "s may h adopt$1 t 9 oppos+ x ! cl]gy simply did _! duty4 ,we write to y\r ,maje/y t ! law is n ,ca?olic4 ,n[1 if ! law is n ,ca?olic1 ! cl]gy are b\nd to w>n ! fai?ful1 ev5 ?\gh by do+ s !y incur ! greate/ dang]s4 ,x is 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ^: ,vic>1 ?\gh unwor?y1 we are1 t we speak1 & we tell y\r ,maje/y1 9 ,8 sacr$ "n1 n to sanction ?is law1 :i* w be ! s\rce ( a ?\s& disord]s4 ,we also beg y\r ,maje/y to put a *eck to ! press :i* is con/antly vomit+ =? blasphemy & immorality4 ,y\r ,maje/y compla9s ( ! cl]gy4 ,b ^! la/ ye>s ! cl]gy h be5 p]si/5tly outrag$1 mock$1 calumniat$1 revil$ & d]id$ by almo/ all ! pap]s publi%$ 9 ,pi$mont40 ,t c\ntry1 un=tunately1 appe>s to h be5 entirely at ! m]cy ( ! p>ty ( unbelief4 ,x 0 ev] ready to inflict new wrongs on ! *ur*1 & occasion anxiety & sorr[ to ! ,holy ,fa!r4 7,m#db7 ,!re are few read]s ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory :o are n deeply int]e/$ 9 t portion ( ,india :i* 0 ! fir/ field ( ! extraord9>y apo/olic labors ( ,sa9t ,francis ,xavi]4 ,! bless+ ( ! ,sa9t appe>s to h re/$ on ! l& ( ,goa2 = aft] _m ye>s ( trial & difficulty & s*ism1 ?is ,portuguese settlem5t1 once s great & important1 /ill rema9s a prov9ce ( ! *ur*4 ,! ,portuguese gov]nm5t1 by unju/ly claim+ "r ( patronage1 orig9at$ ! s*ism :i*1 un=tunately1 0 ( su* long cont9uance4 ,x 0 res]v$ = ,pius ,,ix4 to re/ore h>mony to ! ,colonial *ur* ( ,goa4 ,happily1 9 #ahea1 ! s*ism 0 br\ght to an end4 7,m#dc7 ,pius ,,ix4 0 /ill an exile at ,gaeta :51 obs]v+ ! increas+ piety ( ! ,ca?olic _w t[>ds ! ,bless$ ,virg91 & mov$ by ! repres5tations ( _m bi%ops t 7 9 h>mony ) 8 own conviction1 he issu$ ! ,encyclical ( ! #bnd ,febru>y1 #ahdi1 address$ to ! ,patri>*s1 ,primates1 ,ar*bi%ops & ,bi%ops ( ! :ole _w1 9 ord] to obta9 f !m ! univ]sal tradition conc]n+ ! ,immaculate ,conception ( ! ,bless$ ,"m ( ,god4 ,9 ?is ,encyclical ! ,holy ,fa!r recognizes ! fact t !re 0 a univ]sal movem5t among ,*ri/ians 9 favor ( ! belief 9 "q1 s t ! complete ackn[l$gm5t ( x appe>$ to be suffici5tly prep>$ bo? by ! liturgy & ! =mal requisitions ( num]\s bi%ops1 no less ?an by ! /udies ( ! mo/ le>n$ !ologians4 ,he fur!r /ates t ?is g5]al disposition 0 9 full accordance ) 8 own ?\ght1 & t x w\ld af=d him great consolation1 at a "t :5 s _m evils assail$ ! *ur*1 to add a fl[] to ! cr[n ( ! mo/ holy ,virg91 & s acquire a title to h] special protection4 ,he decl>es1 moreov]1 t ) ?is end 9 view he _h appo9t$ a commission ( ,c>d9als 9 ord] to /udy ! "q4 ,he concludes by invit+ all 8 v5]able bre?r5 ( ! ,episcopate to make kn[n to him _! s5tim5ts & jo9 _! pray]s ) 8 9 ord] to obta9 light f on high4 ,z ! cross itself 0 folly 9 ! e/imation ( ! e>ly unbeliev+ _w1 s 7 su* !ological occupations1 at a "t :5 ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff _h n an in* ( gr\nd :]eon he c\ld freely tread1 a subject = je/+ & s>casm to ! worldly-wise ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x 0 "s "t be=e !y came to und]/& t a ,pope is a !ologian m ?an a k+1 t1 z su*1 he is sure ( ! future1 & t ! solemn proce$+ 9 reg>d to ! ,immaculate ,conception 0 a triumphant reply to all ! errors ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,?is dogma br+s to naught all ! rationali/ sy/ems :i* refuse to ackn[l$ge 9 human nature ei!r fall or sup]natural r$emption4 ,! means1 besides1 :i* 7 adopt$ 9 ord] to prep>e its promulgation1 t5d$ to br+ ! v>i\s *ur*es ?r\gh\t ! _w into clos] relation ) _! common ,head & ,c5tre4 ,!y :o _h hi!rto laugh$1 n[ rag$ :5 !y saw ?is great result1 & attack$ ) ! utmo/ fury :at !y call$ ! 8new dogma40 ,bo? sect>ianism & ! s*ools ( sophi/ry descant$ l\dly1 al?\gh c]ta9ly n le>n$ly1 on ! ignorance & ineptitude ( ! in/itution :i* s p[]fully oppos$ !m4 ,all ?is 0 only idle clamor+4 ,x nev] h9d]$ ! ,holy ,pontiff f prosecut+ calmly ! important "w :i* heav5 _h inspir$ him to beg94 ,! ,encyclical 0 w>mly respond$ to by ! ,episcopate4 ,six hundr$ & ?ree replies 7 duly =w>d$ to ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,five hundr$ & =ty-six urg5tly insi/$ on a doctr9al def9ition4 ,a few only1 & among ^! 0 ,mgr4 ,sib\r1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is1 d\bt$ :e!r ! "t 7 opportune4 ,b !re 0 no d\bt z to ! s5tim5ts ( ! ,ca?olic _w4 ,only 9 our "t1 :5 ! facilities ( communication are s mu* great] ?an 9 any =m] age1 c\ld ! plan ( consult+ s _m bi%ops 9 all p>ts ( ! _w h be5 successfully adopt$4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 n[ at ,rome1 & invit$ ar\nd him all bi%ops :o c\ld travel to ! ,holy ,city4 ,no few] ?an "o hundr$ & n9ety-two f e c\ntry except ,russia s\ght ! pres5ce ( ! ,*ief ,pa/or4 ,! abs5ce ( ! ,russian bi%ops 0 all ! m surpris+1 z ! ,russo-,greek *ur* vies ) ,rome 9 ! honor :i* x pays to ! ,bless$ ,m>y4 ,! bi%ops1 h[ev]1 7 n to blame4 ,_! good purposes 7 fru/rat$ by ! jeal\s policy ( ! ,emp]or ,ni*olas4 ,! bi%ops assembl$ at ,rome1 9 ob$i5ce to ! wi%es ( ,pius ,,ix41 did n con/itute a =mal c\ncil4 ,!y 71 nev]!less1 a v complete repres5tation ( ! univ]sal *ur*4 ,!re 7 ( _! numb] "s highly di/+ui%$ c>d9als1 ar*bi%ops & bi%ops1 su* z ,c>d9als ,wiseman & ,patrizzi1 ,ar*bi%ops ,fransoni ( ,tur91 ,reisa* ( ,muni*1 ,sib\r ( ,p>is1 ,b$9i ( ,!bes1 ,hughes ( ,new ,york1 ,k5rick ( ,baltimore1 & ,dixon ( ,armagh1 toge!r ) ,bi%ops ,maz5od ( ,m>seilles1 ,b\vi] ( ,mans1 ,malon ( ,bruges1 ,dupanl\p ( ,orleans1 & ,kettel] ( ,may5ce4 ,:o w say t ! le>n+ ( ! ,ca?olic _w 0 n at h& to aid ) s\nd c\nsel ! commission ( c>d9als & !ologians :om ! ,holy ,fa!r _h appo9t$ to prep>e ! ,bull ( def9ition8 ,!re _h nev] be5 s _m em95t bi%ops toge!r at ,rome1 s9ce ! cum5ial ,c\ncil ( #abae4 ,on s great an occasion ,pius ,,ix4 _h reque/$ ! pray]s ( ! fai?ful1 & ?r\gh\t ! ,ca?olic _w supplication 0 made to heav51 9 ord] to obta91 ?r\gh ! light ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 su* a decision z c\ld t5d only to promote ! glory ( ,god1 ! honor due to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y & ! salvation ( mank9d4 ,! bi%ops at "o ( _! sessions gave a v practical utt]ance z reg>ds ! infallible au?ority ( ! ,pope4 ,! "q hav+ aris5 :e!r ! bi%ops 7 to assi/ him z judges 9 com+ to a decision1 & pron\nce simultane\sly ) him1 or leave ! f9al judgm5t solely to ! ^w ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 ! debate1 z if by inspiration f on high1 came sudd5ly to a close4 ,x 0 ! ,angelus h\r4 ,! prelates _h sc>cely resum$ _! places aft] ! %ort pray]1 & ex*ang$ a few words1 :5 !y made a unanim\s decl>ation 9 favor ( ! supremacy ( ,/4 ,pet]'s *air3 ,petre1 doce nos2 confirma fratres tuos--8,pet]1 tea* u2 confirm ?y bre?r540 ,! tea*+ :i* ! ,rev]5d ,fa!rs s\ght f ! lips ( ! ,supreme ,pa/or 0 ! def9ition ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 7,m#dd7 ,! #h? ,decemb]1 #ahed1 0 ! great triumphal day :i*1 accord+ to ! f9e language ( ,bi%op ,dupanl\p1 8cr[n$ ! expectation ( pa/ ages1 bless$ ! pres5t "t1 claim$ ! gratitude ( ! c5turies to come1 & left an imp]i%able memory--! day on :i* 0 pron\nc$ ! fir/ def9ition ( an article ( ,fai? :i* no diss5ti5t voice prec$$1 & :i* no h]esy foll[$40 ,all ,rome rejoic$4 ,an imm5se multitude ( p ( all tongues cr[d$ ! approa*es to ! va/ ,basilica ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :i* 0 by f> too small to conta9 ! impos+ ho/4 ,!n 7 se5 advanc+ ! bi%ops1 9 solemn procession1 plac$ accord+ to s5iority1 & foll[$ by ! c>d9als4 ,! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 surr\nd$ by a brilliant cortege1 clos$ ! procession4 ,mean:ile 0 he>d ! grave *ant ( ! ,litanies ( ! ,sa9ts1 invit+ ! heav5ly c\rt to jo9 ) ! ,*ur* militant 9 do+ honor to h] :o 0 ,que5 alike ( angels & ( m54 ,pius ,,ix4 asc5d$ 8 ?rone2 & z soon z he _h receiv$ ! ob$i5ce ( ! c>d9als & bi%ops1 ! ,pontifical ,mass began4 ,:5 ! ,gospel _h be5 *ant$ 9 ,greek & 9 ,lat91 ,c>d9al ,mac*i1 ,dean ( ! ,sacr$ ,college1 accompani$ by ! deans ( ! ar*bi%ops & bi%ops1 by an ar*bi%op ( ! ,greek rite1 also1 & an ,arm5ian ar*bi%op1 advanc$ to ! foot ( ! ?rone1 & begg$ ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 9 ! "n ( ! :ole *ur*1 8to raise 8 apo/olic voice & pron\nce ! dogmatic decree ( ! ,immaculate ,conception40 ,! ,pope1 b[+ 8 head1 gladly welcom$ ! petition2 b wi%$ once m to invoke ! aid ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!n ris+ f 8 ?rone1 he inton$ 9 a cle> & firm voice1 :i* rang ?r\gh ! gr& ,basilica1 ! v5i creator spiritus4 ,all :o 7 pres5t1 c>d9als1 bi%ops1 prie/s & p1 m+l$ _! voices ) t ( ! ,fa!r ( ! ,fai?ful1 & ! sonor\s tones ( ! heav5ly hymn res\nd$ ?r\gh ! spaci\s edifice4 ,sil5ce came4 ,all eyes 7 rivett$ on ! v5]able ,pontiff4 ,8 c\nt5ance appe>$ to be transfigur$ by ! solemnity ( ! act 9 :i* he 0 engag$4 ,& n[1 9 t firm & grave1 b mild & maje/ic1 tone ( voice1 ! *>m ( :i* 0 kn[n to s _m millions1 he began to read ! ,bull1 :i* ann\nc$ ! sublime dogma ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,x e/abli%$1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! !ological reasons = ! belief 9 ! privilege ( ,m>y4 ,x !n appeal$ to ! anci5t & univ]sal traditions ( bo? ! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n *ur*es1 ! te/imony ( ! religi\s ord]s1 & ( ! s*ools ( !ology1 t ( ! ,holy ,fa!rs & ! ,c\ncils1 z well z ! witness borne by ,pontifical acts1 bo? anci5t & m rec5t4 ,! c\nt5ance ( ! ,holy ,fa!r %[$ t he 0 deeply mov$1 z he unfold$ ^! magnific5t docum5ts4 ,he 0 oblig$1 sev]al times1 s great 0 8 emotion1 to /op4 8,consequ5tly10 he cont9u$1 8aft] hav+ (f]$ )\t ceas+1 9 humility & ) fa/+1 our own pray]s & ! public pray]s ( ! *ur* to ,god ! ,fa!r ?r\gh ,8 ,son1 t ,he w\ld deign to guide & confirm our m9d by ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 aft] we _h implor$ ! aid ( ! :ole ho/ ( heav51 to ! glory ( ! ,holy & ,undivid$ ,tr9ity1 = ! honor ( ! ,virg9 ,"m ( ,god1 = ! exaltation ( ! ,ca?olic fai? & ! increase ( ! ,*ri/ian religion2 by ! au?ority ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ( ! bless$ apo/les ,pet] & ,paul1 & by our own0--at ^! words ! ,holy ,fa!r's voice appe>$ to fail him1 & he paus$ to wipe away 8 te>s4 ,! audi5ce 01 at ! same "t1 deeply mov$2 b1 dumb f respect & admiration1 !y wait$ 9 deepe/ sil5ce4 ,! v5]able ,pontiff resum$ 9 a /rong voice1 :i* %ortly rose to a tone ( en?usiasm3 8,we decl>e1 pron\nce & def9e1 t ! doctr9e :i* affirms t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y 0 pres]v$ & exempt f all /a9 ( orig9al s9 f ! fir/ mom5t ( h] conception1 9 consid]ation ( ! m]its ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,savi\r ( mank9d1 is a doctr9e reveal$ by ,god1 & :i*1 = ?is cause1 ! fai?ful mu/ firmly & con/antly believe4 ,:]e=e1 if any "o %\ld be s presumptu\s1 :i*1 ,god =bid6 z to admit a belief contr>y to our def9ition1 let him "k t he has suff]$ %ipwreck ( 8 fai?1 & t he is sep>at$ f ! unity ( ! *ur*40 ,z ! ,pontiff conclud$1 a glad responsive 8,am50 res\nd$ ?r\gh ! cr[d$ temple4 ,! ,c>d9al-dean once m rev]5tly approa*$1 & petition$ t ord] be giv5 = ! publication ( ! apo/olic lett]s conta9+ ! def9ition2 ! promot] ( ! ,fai?1 accompani$ by ! ,apo/olic ,protonot>ies1 also came to ask t a =mal record ( ! great act %\ld be drawn up4 ,at ! same "t ! cannon ( ! ca/le ( ,sa9t ,angelo1 & all ! bells ( ,rome1 proclaim$ to ! _w t ! ev]-bless$ ,m>y 0 glori\sly decl>$ immaculate4 ,?r\gh\t ! ev5+ ! holy city e*o$ & re-e*o$ to ! s\nds ( joy\s music1 0 ablaze ) fire-works1 & decorat$ ) innum]able inscriptions & emblematic transp>5cies4 ,! example ( ,rome 0 imm$iately foll[$ by ?\s&s ( t[ns & villages ov] ! :ole surface ( ! globe4 ,x w\ld require libr>ies r ?an volumes to reproduce ! expressions ( pi\s concurr5ce :i* ev]y:]e took place4 ,! replies ( ! bi%ops to ! ,pope be=e ! def9ition1 7 pr9t$ 9 n9e volumes2 ! ,bull itself1 translat$ into all ! tongues & dialects ( ! univ]se1 by ! labors ( a le>n$ ,fr5* sulpician1 ! ,abbe ,sire1 appe>$ 9 t5 volumes2 ! pa/oral in/ructions1 publi%+ & expla9+ ! ,bull1 toge!r ) ! articles ( religi\s j\rnals1 w\ld c]ta9ly make sev]al hundr$ volumes1 especially if to ^! 7 add$ ! _m books by ! mo/ le>n$ m51 & ! s+ul>ly beautiful hymns & poems :i* fl[$ f ! p5s ( ,ca?olic poets1 no less ?an ! eloqu5t disc\rses ( ! mo/ gift$ orators4 ,descriptions ( monum5ts & celebrations w\ld also imm5sely swell ! li/4 ,sanctu>ies1 alt>s1 /atues1 monum5ts ( e k9d1 z well z pi\s associations rose ev]y:]e 9 honor ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,! ev]-increas+ devotion to ,m>y _h become great] ?an ev]4 ,x 0 to ! unbeliev+ a ph5om5on 9 ! moral _w ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :i* !y c\ld nei!r compreh5d nor acc\nt =4 ,!y c\ld only see t x 0 z a s\rce ( new life to ! *ur*4 7,m#de7 ,! education law ( ,france1 enact$ 9 #ahej1 _h giv5 rise to diff]5ces ( op9ion among e>ne/ ,ca?olics4 ,^! only increas$ aft] ! celebrat$ c\p d'etat ( #bnd ,decemb]4 ,m4 de ,montalemb]t1 :o _h become ho/ile to ,pr9ce ,l\is ,napoleon1 on occasion ( ! iniquit\s confiscation ( ! ,orleans prop]ty1 ,m4 de ,fall\x1 & _! fri5ds ( ! ,correspondant1 & ! ,ami de la ,religion1 insi/$ t !y ought n to accept ! protection ( ,cs> 9 place ( ! g5]al gu>antees :i* 7 s pr(itable to ! lib]ty ( ! *ur*4 ,!y 7 "r1 z 0 b too well %[n 9 ! sequel4 ,m4 ,l\is ,veuillot & ! writ]s ( ! ,univ]s oppos$ _! views1 & s !y accus$ ^! g5tlem5 ( s]vility4 ,b ?is 0 too mu*1 z ! ev5t also %[$4 ,! congregation ( ! 8,index0 _h condemn$ sev]al ,fr5* works1 "s absolutely1 & o!rs only until !y %\ld be correct$4 ,among ^! la/ 7 books g5]ally us$1 not)/&+ _! faults1 9 ! public s*ools1 su* z ! ,manual ( ,canon ,law1 by ,m4 ,lequeux1 vic>-g5]al ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is1 & ! !ology1 s long 9 use1 ( ,bailly4 ,! au?ors ( ^! works at once submitt$4 ,"o ( ! s5t5ces1 h[ev]1 t :i* affect$ ! ,diction>y ( ,m4 ,b\illet1 greatly (f5d$ ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is--,mgr4 ,sib\r1 :o _h signifi$ 8 approval ( ?is publication4 ,he blam$ ! ,univ]s & ! lay religi\s press 9 g5]al4 ,he =mulat$ 8 compla9ts 9 a *>ge ( #ae? ,janu>y1 #ahea1 & by a /ill m vigor\s "o 9 #ahec1 :i* 0 writt5 at ! in/igation ( a ,canon ( ,orleans1 ,m4 ,l',abbe ,gaduel1 :o _h accus$ ,donoso ,cortes1 9 ! ,ami de la ,religion1 ( sev]al h]esies1 & :o compla9$ ( hav+ be5 refut$ 9 ! ,univ]s ) a w>m? t 0 f> f respectful4 ,mgr4 ,sib\r =bade ! prie/s ( 8 diocese to read ! ,univ]s1 & ?reat5$ ) excommunication ! editors ( ?is j\rnal1 if !y presum$ to discuss ! s5t5ce :i* he _h pron\nc$ aga9/ !m4 ,a simil> s5t5ce came to be utt]$ by ,mgr4 ,dupanl\p1 ,bi%op ( ,orleans1 aga9/ ! same writ]s1 condemn+ ! op9ions :i* !y held conc]n+ ! /udy ( ! classics4 ,m4 ,veuillot1 foll[+ 9 ! wake ( ,m4 ,l',abbe ,gaume1 ma9ta9$ t "o ( ! pr9cipal causes ( ! weak5+ ( fai? s9ce ! "t ( ! r5aissance1 0 ! obligation impos$ on y\? ( /udy+1 almo/ exclusively1 ,pagan au?ors4 ,mgr4 ,dupanl\p cont5d$ r aga9/ exagg]ations ( ?is op9ion ?an aga9/ ! idea itself4 ,b hav+ develop$ 8 views 9 an episcopal lett] to ! pr(essors ( 8 less] sem9>ies1 he w\ld n all[ !m to be oppos$2 & s1 l ,mgr4 ,sib\r1 int]dict$ ! ,univ]s to 8 cl]gy4 ,m4 ,l\is ,veuillot appeal$ to ! supreme bi%op4 ,! ,fr5* episcopate 0 greatly divid$ on ! subject ( ^! unt[>d controv]sies4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ,*>tres1 ,m\l9s & o!rs1 _h publicly def5d$ ! ,univ]s 9 opposition to ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is4 ,c>d9al ,g\sset1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,rheims1 patroniz$ ! op9ions ( ,m4 ,veuillot 9 reg>d to ! use ( hea!n classics4 ,an anonym\s pap] on ! "r ( cu/om1 address$ to ! episcopate1 n[ add$ to all ^! subjects ( controv]sy ! recrim9ations ( ,gallicanism1 :i* 0 almo/ ext9ct4 ,! au?or d5y+ t ! cu/oms ( ! *ur* ( ,france 7 abrogat$ by ! ,concordat1 ma9ta9$ t ! discipl9>y s5t5ces ( ! ,popes c\ld n be appli$ 9 any diocese until !y 7 fir/ promulgat$ !re94 ,he disput$ ! au?ority ( ! decrees ( ! 8,index10 blam$ ! liturgical movem5t1 reproa*$ ! religi\s j\rnali/s ) seek+1 above all1 to please ! ,c\rt ( ,rome1 & conclud$ by advis+ ! bi%ops to come to an und]/&+ among !mselves1 9 ord] to obta9 f ! ,pope a modification ( 8 decisions4 ,pius ,,ix4 c\ld be sil5t no long]4 ,accord+ly1 he address$ to all ! ,fr5* bi%ops an ,encyclical1 :i* is kn[n 9 hi/ory z ! ,encyclical int] multiplices4 ,he comm5c$ by ackn[l$g+ ! subjects ( joy & consolation af=d$ him by ! progress ( religion 9 ,france1 & especially by ! zeal & devot$ness ( ! bi%ops ( t c\ntry4 ,he gave special praise to ^! prelates1 because !y avail$ !mselves ( ! lib]ty :i* _h be5 re/or$ to !m 9 ord] to hold ,prov9cial ,c\ncils1 & express$ 8 satisfaction1 8t 9 a great _m dioceses1 :]e no p>ticul> circum/ance oppos$ an imp$im5t1 ! ,roman ,liturgy 0 re-e/abli%$40 ,he c\ld n1 h[ev]1 dissemble ! sorr[ :i* 0 caus$ him by exi/+ diss5sions1 & = :i* he blam$1 al?\gh indirectly1 political opposition & p>ty _s4 8,if ev]10 said ! ,holy ,fa!r1 8x behoov$ y to ma9ta9 among y\rselves agreem5t ( m9d & w1 x is1 above all1 n[1 :51 ?r\gh ! disposition ( our v de> son 9 ,*ri/1 ,napoleon1 ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*1 ! ,ca?olic *ur* among/ y enjoys complete peace1 lib]ty & protection40 ,9 speak+ ( ! good education ( y\?1 :i* he e>ne/ly recomm5d$ z be+ ( ! highe/ importance1 he gave a practical solution ( ! vex$ "q ( ! classics4 8,x is necess>y10 he insi/$1 8t "y ecclesia/ics %\ld1 )\t be+ expos$ to any dang] ( error1 le>n true elegance ( language & /yle1 toge!r ) real eloqu5ce1 :e!r 9 ! v pi\s & le>n$ works ( ! ,holy ,fa!rs1 or 9 ! mo/ celebrat$ ,pagan au?ors1 :5 ?or\ghly expurgat$40 ,9 ?is same ,encyclical also1 ! v5]able ,pontiff1 speak+ ( ! ,ca?olic press1 decl>$ x to be indisp5sible4 8,enc\rage1 we mo/ anxi\sly ask ( y1 ) ! utmo/ b5evol5ce1 ^? m5 :o1 fill$ ) a truly ,ca?olic _s1 & ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) lit]ature & sci5ce1 devote _! "t 9 writ+ books & j\rnals = ! propagation & def5ce ( ,tru?40 ,ca?olic writ]s1 9 return1 x is add$1 ought to ackn[l$ge ! au?ority ( bi%ops to guide1 admoni% & rebuke !m4 ,! anonym\s pap] is !n sev]ely c5sur$1 & ! ,pope concludes by a new & press+ appeal 9 favor ( concord4 ,z soon z ?is ,encyclical ( #ba/ ,m>*1 #ahec1 0 publi%$1 ,m4 ,l\is ,veuillot & 8 fell[-labor]s address$ to ,mgr4 ,sib\r a lett] expressive ( respect & def]5ce1 9 :i* !y promis$ to avoid ev]y?+ t c\ld r5d] !m unwor?y ( ! enc\ragem5t ( _! ar*bi%op4 ,?is prelate imm$iately )drew ! s5t5ce :i* he _h issu$ aga9/ !m1 & ?us 0 peace re/or$1 once m1 by ! au?ority ( ! ,supreme ,pa/or4 7,m#df7 ,on ! #ab? ( ,april1 #ahee1 ! fif? anniv]s>y ( 8 return f ,gaeta1 ,pius ,,ix4 drove by ! via ,nom5tana1 ! beautiful ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,agnes & ! ,porta ,pia1 to a spot five miles f ! city1 :]e1 on gr\nds belong+ to ! congregation ( ,propag&a1 catacombs _h be5 rec5tly discov]$4 ,9 ^! subt]ranean recesses 7 f\nd1 among o!r v5]at$ tombs1 t :i* conta9$ ! relics ( ,/4 ,alex&] ,i41 ,pope & ,m>tyr1 & ^? ( ! companions :o %>$ 8 suff]+s4 ,! pr(essors & /ud5ts ( ,propag&a _h assembl$ at ! place 9 honor ( ! ,pope's visit4 ,!y desc5d$ ) him to ! ,crypt1 :]e ! ,holy ,fa!r1 z soon z he ent]$1 knelt 9 pray] beside ! rema9s ( 8 sa9t$ pr$ecessor1 :o1 m ?an sev5te5 c5turies ago1 _h seal$ 8 fai? ) 8 blood4 ,aft] exam9+ ! long corridors ( ! catacomb1 ! ,holy ,fa!r took 8 seat on ! anci5t ?rone ( ! *apel1 :i*1 no d\bt1 9 ! d>k days ( hea!n p]secution1 sev]al ( 8 pr$ecessors _h fill$4 ,s plac$1 he deliv]$ to ! pupils ( ,propag&a a feel+ allocution on ! high c>e] :i* lay be=e !m z prea*]s ( ! true ,fai?4 ,he !n address$ a few words to ! em95t p]sons :o surr\nd$ him1 & proce$$ back to ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,agnes4 ,hav+ ador$ ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t1 & v5]at$ ! relics ( ! ,virg9 ,m>tyr1 he ent]$ ! neighbor+ conv5t ( canons regul> ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an1 :]e a suitable repa/ await$ ! augu/ visitor4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by a conv]sazione 9 ! p>lor1 9 :i* ! di/+ui%$ p>ties :o _h accompani$ ! ,pope took "p4 ,almo/ e ,ca?olic c\ntry 0 repres5t$ !re2 &1 among ! re/1 7 ,ar*bi%op ,cull5 ( ,dubl9 7long s9ce a ,c>d9al71 & ,bi%op de ,goesbri& ( ,burl+ton4 ,! ,pope 0 on ! po9t ( dep>t+1 :5 ! ,sup]iors ( ,propag&a pray$ him to grant an audi5ce to ! /ud5ts4 ,pius ,,ix4 graci\sly compli$1 & resum$ 8 seat 9 ! *air ( /ate :i* 0 appropriately canopi$4 ,a hundr$ "y ecclesia/ics n[ rapidly ent]$ ! room4 ,all ( a sudd5 ! floor gave way ) a l\d cra%1 & ! :ole assembly disappe>$ 9 a confus$ mass ( furniture1 /ones1 pla/]1 & a bl9d+ cl\d ( du/4 ,! joi/s _h giv5 way1 & ! :ole floor+ fell to a dep? ( ne>ly tw5ty feet4 ,! voice ( ! ,pope 0 fir/ he>d1 intimat+ t he 0 safe & un9jur$4 ,z a few inmates ( ! conv5t _h rema9$ outside1 assi/ance spe$ily came1 & ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 promptly extricat$ f ! ru9s4 ,solicit\s only = ! safety ( ! company1 he urg5tly ord]$ t !y %\ld all be )drawn z rapidly z possible f _! p]il\s position2 & he wait$ 9 ! g>d5 till e "o ( !m 0 rescu$4 ,n s mu* z "o 0 dang]\sly injur$4 8,x is a miracle10 said ! ,pope1 :o 0 greatly rejoic$4 8,let u g & ?ank ,god40 ,foll[$ by ! :ole company1 z well z ^? :o _h come to rescue !m1 he ent]$ ! *ur*1 :]e1 deeply affect$1 he inton$ ! ,te ,deum1 & conclud$ ) ! solemn b5$iction ( ! mo/ ,holy ,sacram5t4 ,! news ( ! accid5t spread rapidly ?r\gh ! city4 ,! p flock$ to ! *ur*es4 ,at ,/4 ,agnes ! wond]ful deliv]ance 0 commemorat$ by a special s]vice4 ,! int]ior ( ?is *ur* has be5 s9ce re/or$ at great co/ by ,pius ,,ix4 ,a fresco 9 ! op5 space 9 front repres5ts ! sc5e at ! conv5t4 ,! #ab? ( ,april is n[ a holiday at ,rome1 & x is obs]v$ e ye> ) piety & gratitude4 ,tw5ty ye>s lat]--#ab? ( ,april1 #ahge--! ,romans held a magnific5t celebration ( ! anniv]s>y ( ! accid5t at ,/4 ,agnes4 ,x 0 also ! day ( ! ,pope's return f ,gaeta1 9 #ahej4 ,9 reply to ! address1 expressive ( duty & devot$ness1 :i* 0 pres5t$ to him on t occasion1 ! ,holy ,fa!r allud$1 9 ! language ( an apo/le1 to ! my/]i\s ways ( ,provid5ce4 8,our fall at ,/4 ,agnes10 said he1 8appe>$ at fir/ to be a cata/rophe4 ,x /ruck u all ) fe>4 ,its only result1 h[ev]1 0 to cause ! works by :i* ! anci5t ,basilica 0 r5ew$ & embelli%$ to be m vigor\sly prosecut$4 ,! same w be ! case 9 reg>d to ! moral ru9s :i* ! p[]s ( d>kness are con/antly heap+ up aga9/ u & ar\nd u4 ,! *ur* w em]ge f ! confus$ mass m vigor\s & m beautiful ?an ev]40 7,m#dg7 ,pi$mont1 surely1 _h little to d at ! ,congress ( ,p>is1 ! object ( :i* 0 to make ! be/ arrangem5ts possible = ! ,*ri/ians1 & especially ! ,ca?olics1 ( ! ,ea/4 ,c\nt ,cav\r1 its repres5tative1 nev]!less1 f\nd a pretext = be+ pres5t1 & introduc$ z he 0 by ! ,m9i/] ( ,france1 ,c\nt ,walewski1 & su/a9$ by ! ,briti% ,pl5ipot5ti>y1 ,"l ,cl>5don1 he became m important ?an ! p[] ( 8 c\ntry1 or ! %>e x _h 9 ! ,crimean ,w>1 w\ld alone h w>rant$4 ,he avail$ himself ( 8 position to attack & und]m9e two ( ! m9or sov]eigns--! ,pope & ! ,k+ ( ,naples4 8,! ,/ates ( ! ,holy ,see10 he insi/$1 8nev] knew prosp]ity1 except "u ! rule ( ,napoleon ,i41 :5 !y =m$ "p ( ! ,fr5* empire & ! k+dom ( ,italy4 ,lat]1 ! ,emp]or ,napoleon ,,iii41 ) t precision & firmness ( view by :i* he is *>act]iz$1 und]/ood & cle>ly po9t$ out 9 8 lett] to ,colonel ,ney ! solution ( ! problem3 ,secul>ization & ! ,code ,napoleon2 b x is evid5t t ! ,c\rt ( ,rome w /ruggle to ! la/ mom5t1 & by e possible means1 aga9/ ! realization ( ?is tw(old comb9ation4 ,x is easily und]/ood t x may appe> to accept civil & ev5 political re=ms1 tak+ c>e always to r5d] !m illusory4 ,b x kn[s too well t secul>ization & ! code ,napoleon1 once introduc$ into ! edifice ( ! temporal p[]1 w\ld und]m9e x & cause x to fall1 simply by remov+ its pr9cipal supports--cl]ical privileges & canon law4 ,cl]ical organization opposes insurm\ntable imp$im5ts to all k9ds ( innovations40 ,cav\r urg$1 9 conclusion1 t 8! legations0 mu/ be sep>at$ politically1 & a vic]oy set ov] ^? prov9ces4 ,walewski & ,cl>5don support$ ^! views1 b cauti\sly us+ ! enigmatic language ( diplomacy4 ,! ,pl5ipot5ti>ies ( ! o!r ,p[]s 7 sil5t1 or refus$ to give an op9ion1 on ! gr\nd t !y _h no in/ructions4 ,m4 de ,mauteuffel alone1 ! ,prussian repres5tative1 /]nly obs]v$ t su* recrim9ations z ,m4 de ,cav\r _h br\ght =w>d 7 v l an appeal to ! revolution>y movem5ts 9 ,italy4 ,prussia did n1 at t "t1 =esee :at advantage x 0 de/9$ to reap f ! alliance ( ! ,italian revolution ) ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,france1 h[ev]1 _h reason to dread le/ ! *ief ( h] *oice %\ld return to ! d>k practices ( 8 y\?4 ,h] too well-f\nd$ appreh5sions 7 confirm$ & aggravat$ :5 x came to ! public e>1 ?r\gh ! newspap]s ( ! "t1 t ! ,emp]or _h held a too intimate int]view ) ,m4 de ,cav\r at ! wat]s ( ,plombi]es4 ,all ?is1 not)/&+ an alliance ( ,france ) ,pi$mont1 = ! de/ruction ( ! ,pope's temporal sov]eignty1 appe>$ z yet to be s completely out ( ! "q1 t ! ,fr5* ambassador at ,rome refut$ publicly ! calumnies :i* ,m4 de ,cav\r _h s selfi%ly promulgat$4 ,c\nt de ,rayneval _h be5 a long "t at ,rome1 fir/ z ,secret>y ( ! ,embassy ( ,k+ ,l\is ,philippe1 & aft]w>ds z ,pl5ipot5ti>y ( ! ,republic1 be=e he 0 appo9t$ to repres5t ! ,emp]or ,napoleon4 ,none c\ld be bett] qualifi$ to give a lum9\s report ( ! /ate ( matt]s at ,rome4 ,! revolution>y press1 h[ev]1 nev] notic$ x1 & ! gov]nm5t refus$ to publi% x 9 ! ,moniteur1 pref]r+ ! wret*$ pamphlet ( ,m4 ,ab\t on ! ,roman ,"q4 ,! ,fr5*1 :o wi%$ to be well in=m$1 s\ght ! words ( ,m4 de ,rayneval's report 9 ! columns ( ! ,london ,daily ,news3 ,,c\nt ,,rayneval's ,,report ,,to ,,! ,,fr5* ,,gov]nm5t4 8,pius ,,ix4 %[s himself full ( ardor = re=ms4 ,he himself puts 8 h& to ! "w4 ,f ! v day ,pius ,,ix4 m\nt$ ! ?rone he has made cont9u\s ef=ts to sweep away e legitimate cause ( compla9t aga9/ ! public adm9i/ration ( affairs4 8,already h civil & crim9al cases1 z well z a code relat+ to comm]ce1 all f\nd$ on our own1 enri*$ by lessons d]iv$ f exp]i5ce1 be5 promulgat$4 ,i h /udi$ ^! c>efully--!y are above criticism4 ,! ,code des ,hypo!ques has be5 exam9$ by ,fr5* juris consults1 & has be5 cit$ by !m z a model docum5t4 ,abroad 7says ?is di/+ui%$ & able writ]71 ^? ess5tial *anges t are introduc$ into ! ord] ( ?+s1 ^? incessant ef=ts ( ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t to ameliorate ! lot ( ! populations1 h pass$ unnotic$4 ,p h _h e>s only = ! declamation ( ! discont5t$1 & = ! p]man5t calumnies ( ! bad portion ( ! ,pi$montese & ,italian press4 ,?is is ! s\rce f :i* public op9ion has d]iv$ its inspiration4 ,& 9 spite ( well e/abli%$ facts1 x is believ$ 9 mo/ places1 b p>ticul>ly 9 ,engl&1 t ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t has done no?+ = its subjects1 & has re/rict$ itself to ! p]petuation ( ! errors ( ano!r age4 ,i h only yet indicat$ ! ameliorations introduc$ into ! organization ( ! adm9i/ration4 ,above all1 let u rememb] t nev] has a m exalt$ _s ( clem5cy be5 se5 to preside ov] a re/oration4 ,no v5geance has be5 ex]cis$ on ^? :o caus$ ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t--no measures ( rigor h be5 adopt$ aga9/ !m--! ,pope has cont5t$ himself ) depriv+ !m ( ! p[] ( do+ h>m by bani%+ !m f ! l&40 ,,economy ,,( ,,! ,,papal ,,gov]nm5t--,,mod]ate ,,taxation4 8,9 spite ( consid]able burd5s :i* 7 occasion$ by ! revolution1 & left z a legacy to ! pres5t gov]nm5t--9 spite ( extraord9>y exp5ses caus$ by ! reorganization ( ! army--9 spite ( num]\s contributions t[>ds ! enc\ragem5t ( public works1 ! /ate budget1 :i*1 at ! comm5cem5t1 exhibit$ a tol]ably l>ge deficit1 has be5 gradually t5d+ t[>ds equilibrium4 ,i h _h ! honor rec5tly ( po9t+ out to y\r ,excell5cy1 t ! deficit ( #aheg has be5 r$uc$ to an insignificant sum1 consi/+ = ! mo/ "p ( unexpect$ exp5ses1 & ( money res]v$ = ! ext9ction ( ! debt4 ,! taxes rema9 /ill mu* bel[ ! mean rate ( ! diff]5t ,european ,/ates4 ,a ,roman pays ! /ate #bb francs annually1 #fh1jjj1jjj be+ levi$ on a population ( #c1jjj1jjj4 ,a ,fr5*man pays ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t #de francs1 #a1fjj1jjj1jjj be+ levi$ on a population ( #ce1jjj1jjj4 ,^! figures %[1 demon/ratively1 t ! ,pontifical ,/ates1 ) reg>d to s important a po9t1 mu/ be reckon$ among/ ! mo/ favor$ nations4 ,! exp5ses are regulat$ on pr9ciples ( ! greate/ economy4 ,"o fact is suffici5t4 ,! civil li/1 ! exp5ses ( ! c>d9als1 ( ! diplomatic corps abroad1 ! ma9t5ance ( ,pontifical palaces & ! museum1 co/ ! /ate no m ?an #fjj1jjj cr[ns 7#c1bjj1jjj74 ,?is small sum is ! only %>e ( ! public rev5ue tak5 by ! ,papacy = ! support ( ! ,pontifical dignity1 & = keep+ up ! pr9cipal e/abli%m5ts ( ! sup]ior ecclesia/ical adm9i/ration4 ,we might ask ^? p]sons1 s zeal\s 9 hunt+ d[n abuses1 :e!r ! appropriation ( #d1jjj cr[ns to ! wants ( ! pr9ces ( ! *ur* seems to !m to be> ! impress ( a prop] economy ex]cis$ ) respect to ! public rev5ue8 ,,agriculture--,,dra9+ ,,! ,,campagna--,,prison ,,discipl9e--,,adm9i/ration ,,( ,,*>itable ,,in/itutions--,,abuses--,,judicial ,,sy/em1 ,,etc4 8,agriculture has be5 equally ! object ( enc\ragem5t1 & also g>d5+ & ! rais+ ( /ock4 ,la/ly1 a commission1 compos$ ( ! pr9cipal l&$ proprietors1 is n[ /udy+ ! hi!rto insoluble "q ( dra9+ ! ,campagna ( ,rome1 & fill+ x ) inhabitants4 ,!re is1 9 tru?1 mis]y "h z else:]e1 b x is inf9itely less heavy ?an 9 less favor$ climates4 ,m]e necess>ies are obta9$ *eaply4 ,private *>ities are num]\s & effective4 ,"h also ! action ( ! gov]nm5t is p]ceptible4 ,important ameliorations h be5 introduc$ into ! adm9i/ration ( hospitals & prisons4 ,"s ( ^! prisons %\ld be visit$1 t ! visitor may admire--! t]m is n too /rong--! p]sev]+ *>ity ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,i w n ext5d ?is enum]ation4 ,:at ,i h said ought to be suffici5t to prove t all ! measures adopt$ by ! ,pontifical adm9i/ration be> m>ks ( wisdom1 reason & progress2 t !y h already produc$ happy results2 9 %ort1 t !re is n a s+le detail ( int]e/ to ! well-be+1 ei!r moral or mat]ial1 ( ! population1 :i* has escap$ ! att5tion ( ! gov]nm5t1 or :i* has n be5 treat$ 9 a favorable mann]4 ,9 tru?1 :5 c]ta9 p]sons say to ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t1 #8=m an adm9i/ration :i* may h = its aim ! good ( ! p1' ! gov]nm5t might reply1 #8look at our acts1 & condemn u if y d>e4' ,! gov]nm5t might ask1 #8n only :i* ( its acts is a subject ( legitimate blame1 b 9 :i* ( its duties x has fail$8' ,are we1 !n1 to be told t ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t is a model--t x has no weakness or imp]fections8 ,c]ta9ly n2 b its weakness & imp]fections are ( ! same k9d z are met ) 9 all gov]nm5ts1 & ev5 9 all m51 ) v few exceptions4 ,i am p]petually int]rogat+ ^? :o come to me to d5\nce :at !y call ! abuses ( ! ,papal gov]nm5t4 ,! expression1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 is n[ consecrat$1 & is above criticism or objection4 ,x is held z ,gospel4 ,n[1 9 :at d ! abuses consi/8 ,i h nev] yet be5 able to discov]4 ,at lea/1 ! facts :i* g by t "n are su* z are else:]e traceable to ! imp]fection ( human nature1 & we ne$ n load ! gov]nm5t ) ! direct responsibility ( ! irregul>ities committ$ by "s ( its subord9ate ag5ts4 ,! imp]fections ( ! judici>y sy/em are (t5 cit$4 ,i h exam9$ x closely1 & h f\nd x impossible to discov] any s]i\s cause ( compla9t4 ,^? :o lose _! causes compla9 m l\dly & m cont9u\sly ?an is ! cu/om 9 o!r places1 b )\t any m reason4 ,mo/ ( ! important civil cases are decid$ 9 ! tribunal ( ! ,rota4 ,n[1 9 spite ( ! habitual lic5se ( ,italian criticism1 no "o has d>$ to express a d\bt ( ! pr(\nd k & ! exalt$ integrity ( ! tribunal ( ! ,rota4 ,if ! lawy]s are incr$ibly f]tile 9 rais+ objections & exceptions--if !y l5g!n out lawsuits--to :at is ?is fault to be attribut$ if n to ! peculi>ity ( ! national g5ius8 ,la/ly1 civil law is well adm9i/]$4 ,i d n "k a s+le s5t5ce ! ju/ice ( :i* w\ld n be recogniz$ by ! be/ tribunal 9 ,europe4 ,crim9al ju/ice is adm9i/]$ 9 a mann] equally unassailable4 ,i h wat*$ "s trials ?r\gh\t _! :ole details2 ,i 0 oblig$ to confess t necess>y precautions = ! v]ification ( facts--all possible gu>antees = ! free def5ce ( ! accus$1 includ+ ! publication ( ! proce$+s--7 tak540 ,,brig&s--,,b&s ,,( ,,robb]s ,,disp]s$ ,,by ,,! ,,gov]nm5t4 8,mu* is said ( ! brig&s :o1 we are told1 lay ! c\ntry desolate4 ,x has fall5 to our lot to pass ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 9 all directions1 )\t see+ ev5 ! %ad[ ( a robb]4 ,x _c be d5i$ t1 f "t to "t1 we he> ( a dilig5ce /opp$1 ( a travell] plund]$4 ,ev5 "o accid5t ( ?is k9d is too mu*1 b we mu/ rememb] t ! adm9i/ration has employ$ all ! means 9 its p[] to repress ^! disord]s4 ,?anks to en]getic measures1 ! brig&s h be5 arre/$ at all po9ts & puni%$4 ,:5 9 ,france a dilig5ce is /opp$2 :5 9 go+ f ,london to ,w9dsor a lady ( ! ,que5's palace is robb$ ( h] luggage & jewels1 su* incid5ts pass$ unnotic$2 b :51 on an isolat$ road 9 ! ,roman ,/ates1 ! lea/ fact ( ?is nature takes place1 ! pass5g]1 = a pretext1 pr9ts ! news 9 l>ge *>act]s1 & cries = v5geance on ! gov]nm5t4 ,on ! side ( ,rome ! attacks :i* h tak5 place at di/ant int]vals h nev] assum$ an appe>ance calculat$ to excite anxiety4 8,9 ! ,romagna1 organiz$ b&s h be5 =m$1 :i*1 tak+ advantage ( ! ,tuscan fronti]1 easily escap$ pursuit1 & 7 = a "t to be dread$4 ,! gov]nm5t decl>$ unceas+ w> aga9/ !m1 & aft] sev]al engagem5ts1 9 :i* a c]ta9 numb] ( g5s d'armes 7 ei!r kill$ or w\nd$1 ^! b&s h be5 9 a great measure disp]s$4 ,! ,italians always dep5d = ! completion ( _! projects on =eign support4 ,if ?is support 7 to fail1 !n !y w\ld adopt a prop] c\rse mu* m readily ?an w\ld be necess>y4 ,mean:ile1 9 ,engl& & ,s>d9ia1 ! organs ( ! press %\ld cease to excite ! passions1 & ,ca?olic ,p[]s %\ld cont9ue to give ! ,holy ,see evid5t m>ks ( sympa?y4 ,b h[ c we hope t enemies1 animat$ ) su* a _s z influ5ces ! oppon5ts ( ! ,holy ,see1 %\ld put a /op to _! attacks :5 !y h be5 made 9 s rem>kable a mann]80 ,,extraord9>ily ,,small ,,numb] ,,( ,,ecclesia/ics ,,employ$ ,,by ,,! ,,papal ,,gov]nm5t4 ,^? :o are g5]ally m5tion$ z ecclesia/ics1 are n necess>ily prie/s or 9 holy ord]s4 8,c\nt ,rayneval took occasion to %[1 ) pro(s 9 8 h&s1 t ! half ( ^! suppos$ prie/s 7 n 9 ord]s4444 ,! ,roman prelates are n all b\nd to ent] into holy ord]s4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y disp5se ) !m4 ,c we !n call by ! "n ( prie/s ^? :o h no?+ ( ! prie/ b ! uni=m8 ,is ,c\nt ,spada a m zeal\s or a m skilful adm9i/rator n[ ?an :51 9 ! co/ume ( a prie/1 he (ficiat$ z ,m9i/] ( ,w>8 ,d ,monsignor ,matteuci 7,m9i/] ( ,police71 ,monsignor ,m]tel 7,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior71 ,monsignor ,b]>di 7sub/itute ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate71 & s _m o!rs1 :o h lib]ty to m>ry to-morr[1 con/itute a religi\s ca/e1 sacrific+ its own int]e/s to ! int]e/s ( ! c\ntry1 & w\ld !y become1 all ( a sudd51 irreproa*able if !y 7 dress$ diff]5tly8 ,if we exam9e ! %>e giv5 ! prelates1 bo? prie/s & non-prie/s1 9 ! ,roman adm9i/ration1 we %all arrive at "s results :i* x is important to notice4 ,out ( ,rome1 t is1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ext5t ( ! ,pontifical ,/ates1 ) ! exception ( ! capital--9 ! ,legations1 ! ,m>%es1 ,umbria1 & all ! ,prov9ces1 to ! numb] ( eighte51 h[ _m ecclesia/ics d y ?9k are employ$8 ,_! numb] does n exce$ fifte5--"o = ea* ,prov9ce except ?ree1 :]e !re is n "o at all4 ,!y are delegates1 or1 z we %\ld say1 prefects4 ,! c\ncils1 ! tribunals1 & (fices ( all sorts1 are fill$ ) laym54 ,s t = "o ecclesia/ic 9 (fice1 we h 9 ! ,roman ,prov9ces "o hundr$ & n9ety-five laym540 ,! foll[+ table1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,london ,weekly ,regi/] 7,! ,weekly ,regi/]1 ,june1 #ahei471 %[s at a glance :at a small proportion ! cl]ical bore to ! lay elem5t 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,papal ,/ates3 ,m9i/ries4 ,eccles4 ,lay ,places4 ,eccles4 ,lay ,sal>y ,places4 ,sal>y ,secret>iate ( ,/ate #ad #ah #ajj1ejj #h1cdj ,ju/ice & ,police #bgg #c1bga #aaj1bje #fcg1fjb ,public ,in/ruction #c #i #a1cbj #a1hbd ,f9ance #g #c1jhd #aj1cbj #gcj1bfh ,comm]ce1 ,p4 ,"w #a #cdg #b1djj #fi1hjh ,arms #abe #ea1hhe ,total #cjc #f1hed #bbd1gee #a1dij1gdg ,m4 ,de ,rayneval admits t ! p are n ent]pris+4 ,if !y d n %[ mu* indu/rial activity1 ?is is to be ascrib$ n to ! gov]nm5t1 b to ! climate1 ! facility ) :i* ev]y?+ necess>y = com=t is obta9$1 & ! long-e/abli%$ habits ( ! natives ( ! ,s\? ( ,europe4 8,! condition ( ! population1 nev]!less10 adds ! ambassador1 8is comp>atively good4 ,!y readily take "p 9 public amusem5ts1 :5 pleasure may be read on e c\nt5ance4 ,are ^! ! misgov]n$ p #8^: mis]ies excite ! commis]ation ( all ,europe8' ,!re is mis]y1 no d\bt1 z !re is ev]y:]e4 ,b x is less ?an 9 l&s t are n s highly favor$4 ,! necess>ies ( life are s *eap z to be easily procur$4 ,private *>ity nev] fails2 & !re are num]\s & effici5t public b5evol5t e/abli%m5ts40 7,m#dh7 ,x may be said1 by way ( supplem5t to ,m4 ,de ,rayneval's report1 t ,pius ,,ix4 did all 9 8 p[] to enc\rage bo? sci5ce & ! f9e arts4 ,8 _m f\ndations = _! promotion are 8 witness4 ,among ! re/ are ! ,college ( ,s9igaglia1 & ! ,sem9>io ,pio at ,rome1 toge!r ) ! educational e/abli%m5ts1 end[$ f 8 private res\rces1 at ,p]ugia1 ,civita ,vec*ia1 ,ancona & ,pes>o4 ,to him also are due ! high r5[n to :i* rose ! /udies ( ! ,roman univ]sity1 ! re/oration ( ! ,appian way1 & ! _m ar*ological works :i* h won = _! augu/ promot] ! glori\s surname ( ,v9dex ,antiquitatis4 ,8 day w\ld be memorable if x _h be5 illu/rat$ only by ! names ( ,vico1 ,sec*i1 ,rossi & ,visconti4 ,x is impossible to ov]rate ! importance ( ,c\nt de ,rayneval's report1 or ! influ5ce :i* x ex]cis$ ov] ! public m9d ( ,europe1 :51 at l5g?1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! ,briti% & ,belgian press1 x obta9$ publicity4 ,a refutation ( ,cav\r's int]e/$ calumnies1 s able1 di/9ct & /raight=w>d1 p[]fully impress$ ! m9ds ( ,briti% /atesm51 & caus$ !m to see ! griev\s error into :i* !y _h be5 betray$ at ! ,congress ( ,p>is1 by ,c\nt ,cav\r & ! ,emp]or ,l\is ,napoleon1 9 ! int]e/ ( _! fell[-conspirators aga9/ ! sov]eignty ( ! ,pope4 7,m#di7 ,"l ,cl>5don 0 ! fir/ :o _h k ( ! n[ celebrat$ /ate pap]4 ,he 0 also ! fir/ :o1 = ! sake ( tru? & ju/ice1 made x public1 committ+ x to ! ,engli% press1 :5ce x f\nd its way to cont95tal ,europe4 ,?is em95t ,briti% /atesman promptly communicat$ ) ,c\nt ,cav\r1 & took him to task sev]ely = 8 d\ble deal+ at ! congress1 & = hav+ induc$ him1 z ,briti% ,pl5ipot5ti>y1 by false /atem5ts1 to sanction 8 views4 7,m#ej7 ,! calumnies & misrepres5tations ( ! ,cav\r-,napoleon p>ty _h1 inde$1 be5 met by anticipation 9 ! decree1 kn[n z motu proprio1 :i* ,pius ,,ix4 issu$ f ,portici1 %ortly be=e 8 return to ,rome4 ,?is decree indicat$ ! re=ms :i*1 z we le>n f ,c\nt de ,rayneval's report1 7 aft]w>ds c>ri$ out4 ,x ev5 grant$ a con/itution z complete z 0 consi/5t ) ! exi/5ce ( ! ,papal ,sov]eignty4 ,m c\ld n be look$ =4 ,! mu*-vaunt$ con/itution ( ,engl& itself does n abrogate or nullify ! mon>*y4 ,b nei!r ?is nor any o!r measure ( re=m1 h[ev] well adapt$ to circum/ances & ! "* ( ! p1 c\ld ev] h satisfi$ ! ,italianissimi1 ^: hatr$ ( e exi/+ in/itution 0 b\ndless z x 0 incompreh5sible4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r solemnly decl>$ t he decre$ ! measures 9 "q = ! good ( 8 p1 & "u ! eye ( heav54 8,!y are su*10 he adds1 at ! conclusion ( ! docum5t1 motu proprio1 8z to be compatible ) our dignity1 &1 if fai?fully c>ri$ out1 we are conv9c$ t !y w produce results :i* mu/ comm& ! approval ( all wise m9ds4 ,! good s5se ( all among y :o aspire to :at is be/1 ) a f]vor proportionate to ! ills :i* y h endur$1 %all be our judge 9 ?is matt]4 ,above all1 let u place our tru/ 9 ,god1 :o1 ev5 9 fulfill+ ! decrees ( ,8 ju/ice1 is nev] unm9dful ( ,8 m]cy40 ,x c\ld n be expect$1 & x 0 n expect$1 t ! ,pope %\ld resign 8 sov]eignty4 ,! words ( ,donoso ,cortez1 spok5 9 ! ,spani% p>liam5t1 9 def5ce ( ! temporal sov]eignty1 7 receiv$ at ! "t ) univ]sal acceptance4 7,m#ea7 8,civiliz$ ,europe10 said ?is di/+ui%$ au?or & /atesman1 8w n cons5t to see en?ron$ 9 t mad city ( ,rome a new & /range dyna/y begott5 ( crime4 ,& let no "o "h say1 t 9 ?is matt] !re are two sep>ate que/ions--"o a temporal "q1 ! o!r entirely spiritual--t ! difficulty lies betwe5 ! temporal sov]eign & 8 subjects2 t ! ,pontiff has be5 respect$ & /ill subsi/s40 ,two words on ?is po9t--j two words--%all suffice to make u und]/& ! :ole matt]4 8,x is p]fectly true t ! spiritual p[] ( ! ,papacy is its pr9cipal p[]2 ! temporal is only an accessory1 b t accessory is "o t is indisp5sible4 ,! ,ca?olic _w has a "r to insi/ ^u x1 t ! infallible organ ( its belief %all be free & indep5d5t4 ,! ,ca?olic _w _c "k ) c]ta9ty1 z x ne$s mu/ "k1 :e!r t organ is really free & indep5d5t1 unless x be sov]eign4 ,= he alone :o is sov]eign1 dep5ds on no o!r p[]4 ,h5ce x is t ! "q ( sov]eignty1 :i* ev]y:]e else is a political "q1 is 9 ,rome a religi\s "q40 8,con/itu5t assemblies may exi/ rightfully else:]e2 at ,rome !y _c2 at ,rome !re c be no con/itu5t p[] outside ( & ap>t f ! con/itut$ p[]4 ,nei!r ,rome h]self nor ! ,pontifical ,/ates belong to ,rome or belong to ! ,pope--!y belong to ! ,ca?olic _w4 ,! ,ca?olic _w has recogniz$1 9 ! ,pope1 ! lawful possessor !re(1 9 ord] to 8 be+ free & indep5d5t2 & ! ,pope may n /rip himself ( ?is sov]eignty1 ?is indep5d5ce40 ,! greate/ /atesm5 ( ! age1 su* z ,guizot1 ,?i]s1 & ,montalemb]t1 9 ,france2 ,normanby1 ,lansd[ne1 ,disraeli1 & ev5 ,palm]/on1 9 ,engl&2 ! /atesm5 ( ,prussia1 & ev5 ^? ( ! ,russian ,empire2 ! ,emp]or ( ,au/ria & 8 advis]s2 ,spa91 ,portugal & ,naples1 all %>$ ! op9ion ( ! illu/ri\s ,spani% /atesman1 ,donoso ,cortes4 ,all alike favor$ ! re/oration ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 & ! secur+ ( 8 gov]nm5t aga9/ ! accid5ts ( revolution 9 ! future by plac+ x "u ! protection ( ! ,great ,p[]s4 8,! affairs ,rome10 wrote ! ,russian ,*ancellor 9 a circul>1 8cause to ! gov]nm5t ( 8 ,maje/y ! ,emp]or great conc]n2 & x 7 a s]i\s error to ?9k t we take a less lively int]e/ ?an ! o!r ,ca?olic gov]nm5ts 9 ! situation to :i* 8 ,hol9ess ,pope ,pius ,,ix4 has be5 br\ght by ! ev5ts ( ! "t4 ,!re c be no room = d\bt+ t ! ,holy ,fa!r %all receive f ! ,emp]or a loyal support t[>ds ! re/oration ( 8 temporal & spiritual p[]1 & t ! ,russian gov]nm5t %all co-op]ate *e]fully 9 all ! measures necess>y to ?is result2 = x *]i%es aga9/ ! c\rt ( ,rome no s5tim5t ( religi\s animosity or rivalry40 7,m#eb7 ,s>d9ia alone held alo(4 ,its m9i/] did n1 l ! o!r ,european ambassadors1 seek ! pres5ce ( ! ,pope :5 he 0 press$ by ! revolutioni/s4 ,nor did he repair1 z !y did1 to ,gaeta1 b rema9$ 9 ,rome1 &1 to ! great surprise & sc&al ( all ! ,european ,c\rts1 transact$ bus9ess ) ! gov]nm5ts :i* reign$ !re 9 ! abs5ce ( ! legitimate sov]eign4 ,! absorption ( all ! /ates ( ,italy1 n except+ t ( ! ,pope1 by ,pi$mont1 0 ! rul+ idea ( ,pi$montese /atesm54 ,!y 7 guid$ by a selfi% view to :at !y consid]$ _! own int]e/1 n by pr9ciples t 7 univ]sally recogniz$4 ,su* 7 cont95tal lib]als4 ,! ,engli% lib]als1 ! p>ty ( re=m1 ?\ght diff]5tly4 ,"o ( _! *iefs1 ,"l ,lansd[ne1 ^: high "* z a /atesman gives weight to 8 words1 decl>$1 9 ! ,briti% ,h\se ( ,pe]s1 :5 ! ,fr5* exp$ition to ,rome 0 discuss$ !re1 t 8! condition ( ! ,pope's sov]eignty is especially rem>kable 9 ?is1 t s f> z 8 temporal p[] is conc]n$1 he is only a sov]eign ( ! f\r? or fif? ord]4 ,9 8 spiritual p[] he enjoys a sov]eignty )\t its equal on e>?4 ,e c\ntry :i* has ,roman ,ca?olic subjects has an int]e/ 9 ! condition ( ! ,roman ,/ates1 & %\ld see to x t ! ,pope be able to ex]cise 8 au?ority indep5d5tly ( any temporal influ5ce t c\ld affect 8 spiritual p[]40 ,?us did all ,*ri/5dom--all ! /ates :i* own$ ! ,*ri/ian "n--true to immemorial tradition1 consid] t !y lay "u ! obligation to wat* ov] ! fre$om & indep5d5ce ( ! great c5tral p[] :5ce proce$$ _! e>ly civilization4 ,! ,fr5* gov]nm5t1 9 re/or+ ,pius ,,ix41 only obey$ ! w s (t5 & s cle>ly express$ ( ! ,european nations4 ,n[ t he 0 once m firmly seat$ on ! ,pontifical ?rone1 x 0 "t1 ?\ght ! ,cav\r-,napoleon-,mazz9i p>ty1 t he %\ld introduce into 8 /ates :at !y call$ true re=m--! ,code ,napoleon & ! secul>ization ( 8 gov]nm5t4 ,?is1 z has be5 se51 he c\ld n d4 ,x 0 tantam\nt to ! abdication ( 8 sov]eignty4 ,t he did re=m1 h[ev]1 wisely & effici5tly1 ,c\nt de ,rayneval has abundantly %[n4 ,8 measures ( re=m 7 l>ge & lib]al1 &1 9 ! judgm5t ( em95t /atesm51 left little room = improvem5t4 ,x is necess>y to be/[ a few words 9 mak+ ?is fact /ill m app>5t2 = x 0 long ! fa%ion to say & insi/ t ! policy ( ,pius ,,ix41 aft] 8 re/oration1 0 reaction>y1 & t ! once-re=m+ ,pope _h1 ) inconceivable inconsi/5cy1 ceas$ to be a re=m]4 ,9 ! motu proprio1 publi%$ by ! ,pope on occasion ( reorganiz+ 8 /ates 9 #ahdi1 '#ej1 !re 0 inaugurat$ z full a measure ( lib]ty z 0 compatible ) ! circum/ances ( ! c\ntry & ! "* ( ! p4 ,two political bodies1 a c\ncil ( /ate & a c\ncil ( f9ance 7 in/itut$4 ,^! 7 design$ z tempor>y in/itutions1 ^: object x %\ld be to rem$y ! fe>ful evils caus$ by ! revolution--9 pla9 t]ms1 to br+ ord] out ( an>*y & *aos4 ,m4 de ,rayneval has %[n t 9 ?is !y 7 successful1 & t !y also put an end to ! disord] & difficulty caus$ by ! issue ( =ty millions ( wor?less pap] :i* ! ,republic _h bequea!d to !m4 ,! ,moniteur1 z well z ! ambassador1 admitt$ t by ! end ( ! fir/ sev5 ye>s ! f9ances _h ne>ly rea*$ an equilibrium1 ! deficit at t "t be+ only half a million ( doll>s4 ,?is tempor>y /ate ( ?+s 0 de/9$1 once its objects 7 accompli%$1 to give place to a m ample con/itution1 :i* c]ta9ly w\ld h be5 grant$ 9 due "t b = ! ho/ile intrigues ( ^? :o blam$ ! mo/ free & complete con/itutional sy/em4 ,x w n be )\t int]e/ to consid] :at 0 ?\ght among di/+ui%$ =eign]s 9 reg>d to ! ,pope's e>ly measures--measures :i*1 x is well kn[n1 7 int5d$ z a prep>ation = m advanc$ con/itutional gov]nm5t4 ,! ,fr5* ,republic appo9t$ a commission1 consi/+ ( fifte5 ( its be/ /atesm51 to exam9e & report ^u ! political wisdom & practical value ( ! in/itutions :i* ,pius ,,ix4 _h grant$ to 8 /ates4 ,m4 ,?i]s1 to :om none w give cr$it = be+ ov] fri5dly to ! ,holy ,see1 drew up1 sign$ & pres5t$ ?is report3 8,y\r commission10 ! report /ates1 8has maturely exam9$ ?is act1 motu proprio1 9 ord] to see :e!r ! c\nsels :i* ,france believ$ h]self au?oriz$ to (f] _h borne su* fruits z to prev5t h] regrett+ hav+ int]f]$ 9 ,roman affairs4 ,well1 by a l>ge majority1 twelve 9 fifte51 y\r commission decl>es t x sees 9 ! motu proprio a fir/ boon ( su* real value1 t no?+ b unju/ pret5sions c\ld ov]look its importance4 ,we %all discuss ?is act 9 its e detail4 ,b limit+ ourselves1 at pres5t1 to consid] ! pr9ciple on :i* is bas$ ! ,pontifical concession1 we say t x grants all desirable prov9cial & municipal lib]ties4 ,z to political lib]ties1 consi/+ 9 ! p[] ( decid+ on ! public bus9ess ( a c\ntry 9 "o ( ! two assemblies1 & 9 union ) ! executive--z 9 ,engl&1 = in/ance--x is v true t ! motu proprio does n grant ?is sort ( political lib]ty1 or only grants x 9 ! rudim5t>y =m ( a c\ncil )\t delib]ative voice4 ,?is is a "q ( imm5se gravity1 :i* ! ,holy ,fa!r alone c solve1 & :i* he & ! ,*ri/ian _w are int]e/$ 9 n leav+ to *ance4 ,t on ?is po9t he %\ld h *os5 to be prud5t2 t aft] 8 rec5t exp]i5ce he %\ld h pref]r$ n to reop5 a c>e] ( agitation among a p :o h %[n !mselves s unprep>$ = p>liam5t>y lib]ty1 is :at we d n "k t we h ei!r ! "r or ! cause to deem blamewor?y40 ,a well-kn[n ,briti% /atesman express$ simil> views4 8,we all "k10 said ,"l ,palm]/on1 8t ! ,pope1 on 8 re/oration to 8 /ates 9 #ahdi1 publi%$ an ord9ance call$ motu proprio1 by :i* he decl>$ 8 int5tion to be/[ in/itutions1 n inde$ on ! l>ge proportions ( a con/itutional gov]nm5t1 b bas$1 nev]!less1 on popul> election1 & :i*1 if !y _h only be5 c>ri$ out1 mu/ h giv5 8 subjects su* satisfaction z to r5d] unnecess>y ! int]v5tion ( a =eign army40 ,^! words 7 utt]$ 9 #ahef1 :5 ,"l ,palm]/on ought to h kn[n1 if inde$ he did n actually "k1 t ! propos$ re=ms ( ! ,pope _h be5 fai?fully & successfully c>ri$ out4 ,! report ( ,c\nt de ,rayneval 0 be=e ! _w1 & s important a /ate pap] c\ld n h be5 unkn[n to a /atesman :o int]e/$ himself s mu* 9 ,european affairs g5]ally1 & ^? ( ,rome 9 p>ticul>4 ,! ,rayneval report1 besides1 :i* %[$ h[ completely ,pius ,,ix4 _h fulfill$ 8 promises--h[ assidu\sly & effectually he _h labor$ 9 ! cause ( re=m--_h be5 specially communicat$1 z has be5 se51 to an em95t memb] ( ! ,briti% ,cab9et1 ,"l ,cl>5don4 ,x is n s cle> t ! ,pope's subjects 7 n satisfi$4 ,none knew bett] ?an ,"l ,palm]/on1 t !re 0 always a =eign influ5ce at ,rome :i* nev] ceas$ to cause discont5t1 & 0 ready1 on occasion1 to raise di/urbance4 ,?is ali5 & s9i/] influ5ce 0 only too p[]fully second$1 bo? by "s memb]s ( ! ,briti% m9i/ry & ! intrigu+ head ( ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t4 ,b>on ,sauzet1 :o 0 ,presid5t ( ! ,fr5* ,*amb] ( ,deputies 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,philippe1 & :o 01 by no means1 ov] p>tial to ,rome1 wrote 9 #ahfj on ! sy/em ( legislation :i* obta9$ 9 ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur*1 & gave utt]ance to ! op9ion t x 0 a solid basis on :i* ,pius ,,ix4 0 endeavor+ to raise su* a sup]/ructure ( improvem5t z 0 adapt$ to ! wants ( mod]n society4 ,crim9al law 0 regulat$ accord+ to ! wise codes ( ,gregory ,,xvi41 :i* 7 a real progress4 ,civil legislation _h = its gr\ndwork ! old ,roman law1 :i* ! ,popes1 at v>i\s times1 _h wisely adapt$ to _! age & ! circum/ances ( _! p4 ,!re are c]ta9 po9ts ( great delicacy1 ) reg>d to :i*1 9 ,*ri/ian communities1 religi\s au?ority only c legislate4 ,^! except$1 ! ,ju/9ian code1 ) "s necess>y modifications1 prevail$4 ,few *anges h be5 made s9ce ,gregory ! ,sixte5?'s "t1 & !y are codifi$ ) su* p]fect sci5tific lucidity z to be available to practition]s4 ,?is is "o ( ! special labors ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,/ate1 :i* is aid$ by a commission consi/+ ( ! mo/ em95t & le>n$ juri/s ( ,rome4 ,! di/+ui%$ /atesman 7,b>on ,sauzet71 moreov]1 repels ! idea ( ?ru/+ on ! ,romans ! ,code ,napoleon1 z 0 int5d$ by ! ,emp]or ,l\is ,napoleon4 ,galeotti1 :o 0 ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice 9 ! ,mazz9i m9i/ry1 & :o _c be suspect$ ( mu* favor to ! ,holy ,see1 decl>es t1 89 ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t !re are _m p>ts des]v+ ( praise2 x conta9s _m anci5t in/itutions :i* are ( unque/ion$ excell5ce1 & !re are o!rs ( m mod]n date :i* ! o!r prov9ces ( ,italy might well enjoy4 ,"o may confid5tly say t !re is no o!r gov]nm5t 9 ,italy 9 :i* ! pr9ciple ( discussion & delib]ation has be5 s long e/abli%$ & s g5]ally practis$40 ,galeotti fur!r says1 speak+ ( ! ,judicature3 8,! tribunal ( ! ,rota is ! be/ & ! mo/ respect$ ( ! anci5t in/itutions ( ,rome4 ,"s slight *anges w\ld make x ! be/ 9 all ,europe4 ,! mode ( proc$ure foll[$ 9 x is excell5t1 & might s]ve z a model 9 e c\ntry :]e p w\ld n h ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice r$uc$ to ! art ( simply t]m9at+ lawsuits40 ,ano!r au?or1 ^: rem>ks are des]v+ ( att5tion1 ,monsignor ,fevre1 says t law exp5ses are v mod]ate1 ! proce$+s v rapid1 & ! rules ( ! ,judici>y among ! v be/ ( ! k9d4 ,besides1 ! poor are nev] tax$ by ! c\rts1 :ile !y are always suppli$ ) c\nsel4 ,9 ,rome itself ! pi\s confrat]nity ( ,/4 ,yeo 7! patron sa9t ( lawy]s7 takes on itself1 gratuit\sly1 ! cases ( all poor p1 :5 !y appe> to h "r on _! side4 ,! ar*-confrat]nity ( ,san ,girolamo ,della ,c>ita1 also und]takes ! def5ce ( prison]s & poor p]sons1 especially wid[s4 8,x has ! adm9i/ration ( a legacy left by ,felice ,amadori1 a noble ,flor5t9e1 :o di$ 9 ! ye> #afci4 ,! pr9cipal objects ( _! solicitude are p]sons conf9$ 9 prison4 ,^! !y visit1 com=t1 clo!1 & frequ5tly lib]ate1 ei!r by pay+ ! f9e impos$ on !m z ! p5alty ( _! (f5ce1 or by arrang+ matt]s ) _! cr$itors4 ,) a wise *>ity !y endeavor to simplify & %ort5 causes2 & !y employ a solicitor1 :o assi/s 9 settl+ disputes1 & ?us putt+ an end to litigation4 ,?is confrat]nity embraces ! fl[] ( ! ,roman prelacy1 ! patrician ord] & ! prie/hood40 ,"o is naturally incl9$ to ask h[ x came to pass t a p1 possess+ su* wise in/itutions1 su* an admirable sy/em ( legislation1 & a sov]eign :o con/antly /udi$ to enl>ge & improve _! inh]it$ b5efits1 7 nev] satisfi$8 ,x w\ld be h>d to say t ! ,romans1 ! real subjects ( ! ,pope1 7 n satisfi$4 ,b !re 7 n want+ ^? :o succe$$ 9 mak+ x appe> t !y 7 n1 & :o also contriv$ to induce _m ( ! ,romans !mselves to believe t !y _h cause to be discont5t$4 ,x 0 ! fa%ion 9 ,pi$mont to rail aga9/ ev]y?+ cl]ical1 & to su* an ext5t did ?is mania proce$1 t !y began to p]secute ! cl]gy4 ,?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! secret societies1 ^: *ief 0 ,mazz9i1 ?is anti-cl]ical prejudice spread ?r\gh all ,italy1 & ev5 ext5d$ to ,rome1 ! gov]nm5t ( :i*1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 0 bad1 = no o!r reason ?an t1 be+ conduct$ by ! ,*ief ( ! cl]gy1 x 0 reput$ to be cl]ical4 ,?us did ,c\nt ,cav\r & ! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t use ! ,mazz9ian faction = ! fur!rance ( _! own ambiti\s ends1 :il/ ! ,mazz9ians believ$ t !y 7 us+ !m z !y int5d$ to use !m1 & _! k+ & all k+s1 z long z !re %\ld be k+s1 = _! subv]sive purposes1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & = ! e/abli%m5t1 f9ally1 ( _! ,utopian republic on ! ru9s ( all ?rones & regul> gov]nm5ts :atsoev]4 ,z w be se51 mo/ rec5t hi/ory %[s ! fir/ act ( ! drama has be5 play$1 app>5tly to ! pr(it ( a k+4 ,"t w prove to :om1 9 ! end1 victory %all belong4 ,"o in/itution at lea/ w rema91 = no p[]1 n ev5 t ( hell1 c prevail aga9/ x4 ,z 9 ! e>ly days1 :5 society _h fall5 to a /ate ( *aos1 & ord]ly gov]nm5t _h become impossible1 x may1 once m1 raise ! /&>d ( ord] & recon/itute ! brok5 & scatt]$ elem5ts4 7,m#ec7 ,rome & ! ,ca?olic _w 7 yet rejoic+ on occasion ( ! happy re/oration ( ,pius ,,ix4 to 8 /ates1 & pilgrims /ill flock$ f e region ( ! univ]se to ! holy city1 :5 two rem>kable ev5ts came to add new glory to ! fl\ri%+ *ur* ( ,am]ica4 ,hi!rto ,am]ica c\ld rev]5ce & invoke only "o native sa9t4 ,on #af? ,july1 #ahej1 took place ! beatification ( ! v5]able ,pet] ,clav]1 ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 ! apo/le ( ,new ,granada2 & 9 ,octob]1 ,m>iana de ,p>$es1 ( ,flores1 8! lily ( ,quito10 0 beatifi$4 ,! latt] 0 fir/ c\s9 & contempor>y ( ,sa9t ,rose ( ,lima4 ,?is circum/ance vividly awak5s ! idea1 t already sa9ts1 al?\gh !re 7 few z yet :o c\ld claim ! honors ( canonization1 7 n uncommon 9 ,am]ica4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! measure & excell5ce ( h] *ildr5's sanctity1 ! *ur* 0 rapidly ext5d+4 ,s great 0 h] gr[? t1 9 ! ye> #ahej1 ,pius ,,ix4 consid]$ x opportune to erect f\r metropolitan sees 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--,new ,york1 ,c9c9nati1 ,/4 ,l\is & ,new ,orleans4 ,baltimore1 ! primatial see1 0 already metropolitan4 7,m#ed7 ,! ,holy ,fa!r %[$ no less solicitude = ! welf>e ( ! *ur* 9 ,france1 ,spa91 & o!r ,european c\ntries4 ,napoleon ,,iii41 anxi\s to ga9 ! good-w ( ,ca?olic ,france1 pray$ ! ,holy ,see to erect a new diocese at ,laval1 to raise ! see ( ,r5nes to metropolitan dignity1 to reorganize ! gr& *apla9cy1 & re/ore ! *apt] ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,all ?is 0 done by a brief ( #ca/ ,m>*1 #aheg1 & !re 0 n[ a ?or\ghly good und]/&+ betwe5 ! ,pope & ! ,emp]or1 betwe5 ! latt] & ! p ov] :om he rul$4 7,m#ee7 ,x 0 ev5 said t ,napoleon ,,iii4 desir$1 l 8 uncle1 to be ano9t$ ,emp]or by a ,pope2 t ) a view to ?is end1 he made _m advances to ,pius ,,ix41 & w5t s f> ev5 z to propose 9 confid5ce ! abolition ( ! organic articles1 & a modification ( ! ,code ,napoleon1 9 s f> z t p>ties :o m>ry be=e ! *ur* %\ld be exempt$ f ! civil c]emony4 ,a /ill less d\btful pl$ge ( ! cont9uance ( amicable relations betwe5 ,rome & ,p>is 0 ! baptism ( ! ,pr9ce ,imp]ial4 ,! ,emp]or _h ask$ ! ,pope to d him ! favor to act z sponsor = ! *ild t ,provid5ce _h deign$ to give him1 & ,pius ,,ix4 readily cons5t$4 ,z he c\ld n be pres5t 9 p]son at ! c]emony1 he caus$ himself to be repres5t$ by 8 legate1 a lat]e1 ,c>d9al ,patrizzi4 ,?is c>d9al1 at ! same "t1 pres5t$ to ! ,empress ! gold5 rose1 :i* is bless$ e ye> on ! f\r? ,sunday ( ,l5t1 9 ord] to be s5t to ! pr9ces1 cities & *ur*es on :i* ! ,pope desires to conf] special honor4 ,! bless$ rose 0 a small rose-tree 9 gold1 cov]$ ) rose-fl[]s4 ,! vessel :i* conta9$ x 0 ( massive gold4 ,x /ood on a p$e/al ( lapis lazzuli1 :i* bore 9 ,mosaic ! arms ( ! ,pope & ! ,emp]or4 ,on ! vase itself 7 sculptur$ ! bir? ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 & ! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple4 ,x w\ld h be5 well if all ?is fri5d%ip _h be5 z s9c]e z x 0 w>mly express$4 ,x _c1 h[ev]1 be =gott5 t ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,emp]or ,napoleon _h suppress$ ! ,rayneval report1 & ,pius ,,ix4 mu/ h ?\ght1 al?\gh prud5ce =bade him to say1 t !re 0 reason to d\bt ! fidelity ( 8 app>5tly devot$ ally4 8,timeo ,danaos et dona f]5tes40 7,m#ef7 ,x may be said t1 at ?is "t1 ! ,p[]s ( ! _w vi$ ) "o ano!r 9 seek+ ! favor ( ! ,pope4 ,isabella ,,ii41 ,que5 ( ,spa91 l ,napoleon ( ,france1 0 anxi\s t ,pius ,,ix4 %\ld1 ?r\gh a repres5tative1 /& godfa!r to h] son1 :o aft]w>ds became ,alphonso ,,xii4 ,o!r pr9ces s\ght ! l consid]ation1 & among ! re/1 ,victor ,emmanuel1 ^: daught]1 ! ,pr9cess ,pia1 ?us became ! god*ild ( ,pius ! ,pope4 ,?is pr9cess is n[ ! ,que5 ( ,portugal4 7,m#eg7 ,ano!r bond ( fri5d%ip ) ! _w's ,p[]s 0 secur$1 app>5tly1 by ! conclusion ( a ,concordat ) ! great ,au/rian ,empire4 ,! negotiations :i* l$ to ?is ,concordat _h la/$ sev]al ye>s4 ,x 0 abundantly lib]al 9 ! true acceptation ( ?is t]m4 ,nev]!less1 x awak5$ ! hatr$ & contempt ( ! pr(ess$ lib]als1 :o enjoy ?is appellation1 "o w\ld say1 simply because !y are n lib]al1 j z 9 ,lat9 a grove is call$ by a ^w expressive ( light1 because x is n light 7lucus a non luc5do74 ,h[ c !y be call$ truly lib]al1 :o h no lib]ality = any b !mselves1 :o "k no o!r lib]ty ?an t :i* enables !m to tyrannize ov] ! *ur*1 & trample "u foot h] mo/ sacr$ & b5eficial in/itutions8 ,! ,concordat ) ,au/ria provides t ! ,ca?olic1 ,apo/olic & ,roman religion %all be pres]v$ 9 its integrity ?r\gh\t ! :ole ext5t ( ! ,au/rian mon>*y1 toge!r ) all ! rights & pr]ogatives :i* x ought to enjoy 9 virtue ( ! ord] :i* ,god has e/abli%$ & ! canon law4 ,! ,roman ,pontiff hav+1 by div9e "r1 9 ! :ole *ur* ! primacy ( honor & jurisdiction1 mutual communication1 z reg>ds all spiritual ?+s1 & ! ecclesia/ical relations ( ! bi%ops1 ! cl]gy & ! p ) ! ,holy ,see1 %all n be subject to ! necessity ( obta9+ ! royal placet1 b %all be :olly free4 ,9 a consi/orial allocution ( #e? ,novemb]1 #ahee1 ,pius ,,ix4 gave expression to ! joy :i* x af=d$ him to h obta9$1 aft] s mu* t$i\s negotiation1 su* happy results4 ,! foll[+ ye>1 on ! #ag? ( ,m>*1 he address$ a brief to ! bi%ops ( ! ,au/rian ,empire1 exhort+ !m to avail !mselves ( ! spiritual indep5d5ce :i* !y _h once m won1 9 ord] to gu>d _! dioceses aga9/ ! ravages ( rationalism & indiff]5ce4 7,m#eh7 ,mean:ile1 new difficulties arose 9 ,spa9 & ,spani% ,am]ica4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,isabella ,,ii41 regrett+ ! good to :i* x _h s rec5tly be5 a p>ty1 comm5c$ a new w> aga9/ ! *ur*4 ,not)/&+ ! ,concordat1 x expos$ = sale su* ecclesia/ical prop]ty z 0 n yet sold1 =bade religi\s communities ( wom5 to receive novices1 & =cibly remov$ sev]al bi%ops f _! dioceses4 ,! excesses 7 su* t ,pius ,,ix4 0 oblig$ to recall 8 repres5tative f ,madrid4 ,!re 7 simil> p]secutions 9 ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,republics & 9 ,mexico4 ,! congress ( ,mexico =bade mona/ic v[s1 bani%$ ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,mexico1 & imprison$ ! ,bi%op ( ,mi*oacan4 ,g]many1 at ! same "t1 0 n )\t its tr\bles4 ,a le>n$ !ologian ( ! diocese ( ,cologne1 ,dr4 ,an?ony ,gun!r1 _h all[$ himself to drift f ! sure ways ( tradition1 imp]ceptibly glid+ into rationalism1 & conf\nd+ reason & fai?4 ,8 ideas _h p>tisans 9 sev]al c\ntries ( ,g]many4 ,! vigilant eye ( ,pius ,,ix4 discov]$ 9 !m g]ms ( h]esy1 :i* x 0 important to *eck be=e !y atta9$ developm5t4 ,gun!r1 on be+ condemn$1 accept$ humbly ! judgm5t ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,b !re 0 a long conte/ ) "s ( 8 p>tisans :o 7 less pi\s ?an himself4 7,m#ei7 ,! record ( ,pius ! ,n9?'s progress ?r\gh 8 ,/ates1 9 #aheg1 is alone a suffici5t reply to ! calumnies ( ^? enemies :o nev] ceas$ to ass]t t ev] s9ce 8 return to ,rome he _h pursu$ a retrograde policy4 ,re=m 0 always an object ( 8 solicitude4 ,x 0 ) a view to improve ! condition ( 8 p t he und]took1 :5 almo/ a septuag5>ian1 a f\r mon?s' j\rney ?r\gh ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he travell$ sl[ly1 & sometimes on foot1 9 ord] ! bett] to obs]ve & asc]ta9 ! /ate ( ! prov9ces4 ,all c\ld approa* him & address him freely4 ,he visit$ *ur*es1 hospitals & work%ops4 ,he exam9$ ! works ( ! ports & ! public ways4 ,_m addresses & petitions 7 pres5t$4 ,f>1 h[ev]1 f ask+ ! abolition ( prie/ly rule1 ! petition]s pray$ = a return to ! =m] /ate ( ?+s1 :5 c>d9als & prelates only 7 set ov] ! prov9ces4 ,! progress ( ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 a s]ies ( joy\s ovations f ! "t t he left ,rome--#d? ,may--till 8 return on ! #e? ,septemb]4 ,8 j\rney 0 at fir/ 9 ! direction ( ,ancona1 ,rav5na & ,bologna4 ,he return$ by way ( ,flor5ce & ,mod5a4 ,8 progress w\ld h be5 cr[n$ ) success if x _h only s]v$ to %[ ! loyalty & devot$ness ( 8 p4 ,b x 0 att5d$ ) /ill great] results4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r be/[$ mu* "t at e place 9 seek+1 p]sonally & ?r\gh 8 m9i/]s1 in=mation :i* became ! basis ( re=m & improvem5t4 ,?us1 z is kn[n by ! au!ntic acc\nts :i* h be5 publi%$1 _m localities d]iv$ v mat]ial b5efit f ! ,papal visit4 ,! port ( ,pes>o 0 to be almo/ entirely recon/ruct$1 ! ,holy ,fa!r be/[+ #hj1jjj f 8 own res\rces4 ,! port ( ,s9igaglia 0 also consid]ably improv$1 & a new sanit>y (fice built4 ,! cities ( ,ancona & ,civita ,vec*ia 7 to be enl>g$4 ,at ,bologna ! ,high /reet 0 wid5$ & beautifi$2 ! f9e faade ( ! ca!dral 0 to be complet$1 ! ,pope contribut+ #e1jjj = fifte5 ye>s4 ,at ,p]ugia new prisons 7 to be con/ruct$1 & ! condition ( ! prison]s 0 to be 9 e way improv$2 a lib]al annual contribution 0 giv5 t[>ds pres]v+ ! spl5did native collections ( art4 ,rav5na1 al?\gh long neglect$ & 9 decay1 0 n =gott54 ,pius ,,ix4 wi%$ to revive1 z f> z possible1 ! anci5t comm]cial prosp]ity ( ?is city1 & promis$ #d1jjj annually = t5 ye>s t[>ds improv+ ! port4 ,at ,f]r>a _m improvem5ts 7 ord]$1 & #i1jjj contribut$ = ! complet+ ( ! ,pamfilio canal4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r also appo9t$ a commission ( eng9e]s1 9 ord] to devise a plan by :i* ! riv] ,r5o %\ld be turn$ into ! ,po1 & an ext5sive tract ( f]tile l& ?us sav$ f p]iodical inundations4 ,funds 7 provid$ = ! relief ( poor sailors4 ,lib]al grants 7 allott$ = artesian wells1 :]e requir$1 & = bridges & public roads4 ,especially 7 l>ge all[ances devot$ = ! improvem5t ( ! highways at ,pes>o1 ,mac]ata1 ,imola1 ,cam]9o1 c4 ,telegraphic communication 0 widely e/abli%$4 ,prisons1 hospitals & s*ools 7 special objects ( ! ,holy ,fa!r's c>e4 ,x 0 ! duty ( ,monsignor de ,m]ode1 :o accompani$ ! ,pope1 on arriv+ 9 any city or t[n1 to visit ! prison1 enquire into ev]y?+ connect$ ) x1 & report accord+ly4 ,monsignor ,talbot _h commission to look to ! /ate ( *>itable1 indu/rial & educational in/itutions1 9 all ( :i* he aid$ 9 promot+ valuable re=ms4 ,x is impossible to consid]1 )\t emotion1 ! reception :i* greet$ ! ,holy ,fa!r 9 8 =m] diocese ( ,spoleto4 ,at e /ep pro( ^u pro( 0 giv5 ( rev]5ce & affection1 :i* "t _h n dim9i%$4 ,etiquette & /ate c]emony 7 laid aside4 ,! y\?ful & ! ag$ alike w\ld see _! good %eph]d1 & he 0 anxi\s to salute 8 p1 & conv]se ) !m all4 ,_m a face1 famili> to him ( old1 0 recogniz$ ) pleasure1 & ev5 names 7 n =gott54 ,z has be5 se51 ! days ( ! ,holy ,fa!r's j\rney 7 n all sp5t 9 pleasurable greet+s or (ficial receptions4 ,he nev] =got or neglect$ ! "w ( re=m & improvem5t4 ,nor 7 su* c>e & labor new to him4 ,x _h (t5 be5 said t ! ,popes 7 ho/ile to all mod]n improvem5ts4 ,:y did !y n favor railways8 ,:y did !y n dra9 ! ,pont9e ,m>%es1 & cause ! ,campagna to be cultivat$8 ,let ! labors ( ,pius ,,ix4 reply4 ,a railway ?r\gh ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur* 0 "o ( 8 favorite ideas1 & he beheld x realiz$4 ,x mu/ h af=d$ him no ord9>y satisfaction to see ! railway :i* 8 pr9cely c>e _h provid$ n[ w9d+ along ! valley ( ! ,tib]1 n[ climb+ ! heights & /ret*+ its arms across ! ,ap5n9es1 rea*+ d[n to ! seabo>d at ,ancona1 n[ pass+ beyond ! limits ( ! ,papal t]ritory1 & ext5d+ away to ! ,tuscan capital4 ,! un$ucat$ or half-educat$ travell]1 :o surveys ! uncultivat$ & mal>i\s pla9s ar\nd ! city ( ! ,popes1 at once discov]s1 9 ?is desolation :i* prevails1 an argum5t aga9/ prie/ly rule4 ,) a little m in=mation1 h[ev]1 he w\ld see ! ru9s & ! ve/iges ( a mighty empire1 ! works ( :i*1 l its conque/s1 7 ! wond] ( ! _w4 ,h[ su* works came to be s successfully execut$ is easily und]/ood1 :5 x is rememb]$ t hea!n ,rome comm&$ ! weal?1 ! intellect1 & ! /rong arms ( _m subject nations4 ,! ,popes1 on ! o!r h&1 ?\gh !y (t5 tri$1 z did ,pius ,,ix4 among ! re/1 to cultivate ! ,campagna & dra9 ! ,pont9e ,m>%es1 _h s little means at _! disposal1 t !y c\ld nev] accompli% any?+ important4 ,among o!r difficulties t ! ,roman ,pontiffs _h to cont5d )1 0 t ( obta9+ an outlet t[>ds ! sea1 :il/ anci5t ,rome comm&$ all ! seas & l&s ( ! kn[n _w4 ,surely x does n require a ,solomon to und]/& t )\t access to ! ,m$it]ranean1 x is physically impossible to dra9 & cultivate su* l[-ly+ l&s z ! ,pont9e ,m>%es4 ,at ,p]ugia ! ,holy ,fa!r receiv$ ! k9dly visit ( ! ,ar*duke ,*>les1 :o came1 on ! "p ( 8 fa!r ,leopold1 to complim5t ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff4 ,ar*duke ,maximilian1 ( ,au/ria1 :o1 at ! "t1 little ?\ght ( a ,mexican ,empire1 came to salute ! ,pope at ,pes>o4 ,nei!r he nor ,pius ,,ix4 _h be51 z yet1 betray$ & ab&on$ by ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany & all 8 family1 toge!r ) ! ,dukes ( ,p>ma & ,mod5a1 came to pay _! homage at ,bologna4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r accept$ _! press+ invitation to visit ,tuscany & ,mod5a1 ! sov]eigns %[+ publicly1 9 pres5ce ( _! p1 su* rev]5ce & devot$ness z recall$ ! fai? & loyalty ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! ,pope himself be>s witness to ! truly noble & *ivalr\s conduct ( ^! prov9ces4 8,he introduc$ u himself into ,flor5ce10 says ,pius ,,ix41 9 speak+ ( ! ,gr& ,duke ,leopold1 8walk+ by our side1 & accompani$ u to e ,tuscan city :i* we visit$4 ,all ! ar*bi%ops & bi%ops ( 8 ,/ates1 all ! cl]gy1 ! corporate bodies1 ! magi/rates & ! nobles %[$ _! delight by te/ify+ _! devotion to u 9 a ?\s& ways4 ,n only at ,flor5ce1 b :]ev] we w5t 9 ,tuscany1 ! p f t[n & c\ntry1 f> & ne>1 came =? to greet u1 acclaim+ ! ,*ief ,pontiff ( ! *ur* ) su* ard5t affection1 %[+ su* an int5se desire to see him1 to d him rev]5ce1 to receive 8 b5$iction1 t our fa!rly he>t 0 mov$ to its inmo/ dep?s40 ,on ! ,holy ,fa!r's return to ,rome !re 0 high jubilee among all classes ( ! p a fact :i* ! traduc]s ( ,pius ,,ix4 w\ld d well to note1 z x proves beyond a d\bt h[ idle & ill-f\nd$ 0 all _! clamor1 to ! effect t 9 ! holy city 8 popul>ity _h dep>t$4 7,m#fj7 ,a case 9 itself comp>atively unimportant n[ became a cause celebre1 & agitat$ all ,europe4 ,"o ,mort>a1 a ,jew ( ,bologna1 _h1 9 violation ( ! laws ( ! c\ntry1 tak5 into 8 s]vice a ,*ri/ian maid4 ,meantime1 "o ( 8 *ildr51 a boy ab\t sev5 ye>s ( age1 became dang]\sly ill4 ,! ,*ri/ian girl1 unadvis$ly1 & also 9 opposition to ! law1 baptiz$ him4 ,h] act c\ld n be undone1 & ! law requir$ t e baptiz$ p]son %\ld be educat$ z a ,*ri/ian4 ,pius ,,ix4 refus$ to int]f]e ) ! action ( ?is law4 ,h5ce ! torr5ts ( abuse t 7 p\r$ ^u him by ! infidel lib]al press ( ,europe1 z well z by ! ultra-,prote/ant organs ( ,engl&4 ,he _h ignor$ lib]ty ( consci5ce1 abus$ 8 au?ority1 c4 ,n[1 let u suppose t he _h act$ o!rwise1 & prev5t$ ! execution ( a well-kn[n law1 :at w\ld h be5 ! result8 ,he w\ld h be5 d5\nc$ z a despot1 ^: arbitr>y decision 0 ! only law4 ,b might n he1 :o 0 s great a re=m]1 h contriv$ to cause ! law to be alt]$8 ,su* alt]ation c\ld n h affect$ ! ,mort>a case4 ,a *ange1 besides1 w\ld h be5 q unnecess>y1 z x 0 n probable t aft] su* a /orm1 & ! lesson :i* x taught1 ei!r ,jews or ,*ri/ians w\ld expose !mselves to ! consequ5ces ( a violation ( _! c\ntry's laws4 ,& 7 n ^? laws a suffici5t protection to ! ,jewi% p8 7,m#fa7 ,f ! fir/ days ( 8 ,pontificate1 ,am]ica engag$ ! solicitude ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,s rapid 0 ! gr[? ( ! *ur* on t cont95t t x became necess>y to give bi%ops to sev]al c\ntries :]e ! ,ca?olic fai? _h be5 sc>cely kn[n4 ,s e>ly z #ahdf ,oregon 0 con/itut$ an ,ar*iepiscopal ,see4 ,9 #ahej ,episcopal ,sees 7 erect$ at ,mont]ey & ,santa ,fe1 9 ! ,spani% ,am]ican t]ritory1 :i* 0 rec5tly annex$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 ,savannah1 ,:eel+1 ,/4 ,paul & ,nesqualy4 ,! ,indian t]ritory became a ,vic>iate ,apo/olic1 "u ! jurisdiction ( a bi%op4 ,?ree ye>s aft]w>ds six m sees 7 e/abli%$--,san ,francisco1 ,brooklyn1 ,burl+ton1 ,cov+ton1 ,erie & ,nat*ito*es4 ,lat] /ill1 #aheg1 ,pius ,,ix4 gave bi%ops to ,ill9ois2 ,=t ,wayne1 9 ,indiana2 & ,m>quette1 9 ,mi*igan4 ,?is la/ city d]iv$ its "n f ! celebrat$ mission>y :o fir/ explor$ ! riv] ,mississippi4 ,x 0 n[ m important ?an ev]1 hav+ become a c5tre ( ,ca?olic life & action4 7,m#fb7 ,9 #aheb1 ,pius ,,ix4 beatifi$ ,john de ,britto1 a m>tyr 9 ,india1 ,john ,gr&e & ! r5[n$ ,paul ( ! ,cross1 :o f\nd$ ! zeal\s & au/]e ord] ( ,passioni/s4 ,9 #ahec1 ! l honor 0 conf]r$ on ! pi\s ,fr5* %eph]dess1 ,g]ma9e ,c\s91 & ! ,jesuit fa!r1 ,&rew ,bobola1 :o 0 m>tyr$ by ! ,cossacks4 ,9 #ahfa1 ,john ,leon>di 0 beatifi$4 7,m#fc7 ,x is n[ "t to record ev5ts ( a less pleas+ nature4 ,9 #ahec1 sev]al attempts _h be5 made on ! life ( ! ,emp]or ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,9 #ahee1 ,pianori made a simil> attempt4 ,9 #aheh1 ,c\nt ,felix ,ors9i almo/ succe$$ 9 assass9at+ him4 ,?is ,ors9i 0 an accomplice ( ,l\is ,napoleon 9 rais+ an insurrection 9 ,romagna 9 #ahca4 ,he 0 condemn$ = conspiracy 9 #ahde1 & 0 amne/i$ by ,pius ,,ix4 ,9 #ahdi1 he 0 a memb] ( ! ,roman ,con/itu5t ,assembly4 ,9 8 political te/am5t1 dat$ at ! ,mazas prison1 & read be=e ! jury by ,jules ,favre1 8 c\nsel1 he coolly decl>$ t ! object ( 8 crime 0 to rem9d ! ,emp]or ( 8 =m] secret engagem5ts 9 favor ( ,italian indep5d5ce2 t he 0 only "o ( ! conspirators :o _h *>ge s to rem9d him2 & t1 al?\gh he _h fail$ 9 8 aim1 o!rs w\ld come aft] him :o w\ld n fail4 8,sire10 he wrote1 8let y\r ,maje/y rememb]--s long z ,italy is n indep5d5t1 ! tranquillity ( ,europe & t ( y\r ,maje/y are m]e *im]as40 ,fr5* au?ors rem>k t x is pa9ful to enquire :at measure ( influ5ce ^! ?reats may h ex]cis$ on ! subsequ5t resolutions ( ! man to :om !y 7 address$1 & /ill m pa9ful to be compell$ to recognize ! unwor?y motive ( fe> at ! fir/ l9k ( ! fatal *a9 :i* inevitably l$ to ,s$an1 :]e ?is same man _h n ! c\rage to seek a manly dea?4 ,god only c\ld see 8 secret m9d4 ,b x is impossible n to obs]ve v sad co9cid5ces4 ,imm$iately aft] ,ors9i _h p5n$ 8 memorable te/am5t1 ! imp]ial policy 0 completely *ang$4 ,! decl>ation ( ,ors9i is z ! divid+ po9t betwe5 ! two portions ( ! ,emp]or's reign1 ! =m] op5ly1 reasonably cons]vative & glori\s1 ! latt] sometimes decid$ly revolution>y1 sometimes vacillat+1 contradictory1 or unwill+ly cons]vative1 & f9ally t]m9at$ by a cata/rophe unexampl$ 9 ! annals ( ,france4 7,m#fd7 ,all :o take an int]e/ 9 public affairs _c fail to rememb] ! />tl+ words :i* ! ,emp]or ,napoleon ,,iii4 address$ to ! repres5tative ( ,au/ria1 on occasion ( ! diplomatic reception at ! ,tuil]ies1 on ,new ,ye>'s day1 #ahei3 8,i regret t my relations ) y\r gov]nm5t are n s good z 9 ! pa/40 ,?is language ( ,napoleon a/oni%$ all ,europe4 ,x 0 z a sudd5 clap ( ?und] on ! calme/ summ] day4 ,t5 days lat]1 ,victor ,emmanuel gave ! int]pretation ( ?is my/]i\s spee*1 at ! op5+ ( ! ,pi$montese p>liam5t1 :5 he decl>$ t 8he 0 n unmov$ by ! cries ( pa9 :i* rea*$ him f s _m p>ts ( ,italy40 ,f9ally1 ! m>riage ( ,pr9ce ,napoleon1 ! ,emp]or's c\s91 ) a daught] ( ! ,s>d9ian ,k+1 remov$ all d\bt4 ,france 0 made to adopt1 )\t be+ consult$1 ! enmities & ! ambition ( ! ,cab9et ( ,tur94 ,on ! #d? ( ,febru>y appe>$ a pamphlet :i* increas$ ! al>m ( ! fri5ds ( peace & ord]4 ,x may n h be5 writt5 by ,napoleon1 b x 0 accord+ to 8 ideas & dictation4 ,its title 01 8,napoleon ,,iii4 & ,italy20 & x set =? a programme ( ! political recon/itut+ ( ,italy4 ,x exon]at$ ,pius ,,ix4 ( all ! ?+s laid to 8 *>ge by ! revolution1 b only 9 ord] to lay !m at ! door ( ! ,papacy itself4 8,! ,pope10 x alleg$1 8be+ plac$ betwe5 two classes ( duty1 is con/ra9$ to sacrifice ! "o to ! o!r4 ,he necess>ily makes political give way to spiritual duty4 ,?is is condemnation1 n ( ,pius ,,ix4 b ( ! sy/em2 n ( ! man1 b ( ! situation2 s9ce ! latt] imposes on ! =m] ! =midable alt]native ( immolat+ ! ,pr9ce to ! ,pontiff1 or ! ,pontiff to ! ,pr9ce40 ,! pamphlet fur!r taught3 8,! absolutely cl]ical "* ( ! ,roman gov]nm5t is oppos$ to common s5se1 & is a f]tile s\rce ( discont5t4 ,! canon law does n suffice = ! protection & developm5t ( mod]n society40 ,! docum5t conclud$ by propos+ ! secul>ization ( ! ,roman gov]nm5t1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( an ,italian conf$]ation1 ( :i* ! ,pope %\ld h ! honor>y presid5cy1 :il/ ,pi$mont %\ld h ! real control4 ,! pamphlet urg$1 9 support ( its argum5ts1 ! 8abnormal position0 ( ! ,papacy1 :i* 0 oblig$1 9 ord] to su/a9 itself1 to rely on =eign armies ( occupation4 ,su* a reproa* on ! "p ( "o ( ^? :o l5t succor to ! ,pope 0 any?+ b g5]\s4 ,pius ,,ix4 ha/5$ to remove ?is cause ( compla9t4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,febru>y ,c>d9al ,antonelli notifi$ ,france & ,au/ria t ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 grateful to !m = _! good s]vices1 b t he ?\ght he c\ld himself ma9ta9 ord] 9 8 ,/ates1 & s w\ld beg ( !m to )draw _! troops4 ,?is w\ld n h suit$ ,pi$mont1 :i* 0 int]e/$ 9 ma9ta9+ ! grievance1 z well z 9 r5d]+ x possible to involve ! ,roman ,/ates 9 ! w> :i* 0 s rapidly approa*+4 ,! troops 7 n remov$4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 too cle>-sight$ n to =esee :at 0 s soon to happ54 ,9 an ,encyclical ( #bg? ,april1 he ask$ pray]s = peace ( all ! patri>*s1 primates1 ar*bi%ops & bi%ops4 8,pax vobis6 pax vobis60 he pa9fully repeat$4 ,b x 0 already too late4 ,! "y & ra% ,emp]or ( ,au/ria1 driv5 to extremity1 ?\ght himself suffici5tly /rong to cont5d at once aga9/ ,france & ! revolution4 ,he summon$ ,pi$mont to disb& su* ( h] regim5ts z 7 compos$ ( ,lomb>ds & ,v5etians1 :o 7 ,au/rian subjects4 ,z ?is 0 refus$1 he decl>$ w>4 ,he fell into a second error4 ,he assum$ ! (f5sive t>dily1 & did n pu% =w>d rapidly to ! po9t :]e ! ,fr5* army mu/ conc5trate1 be=e its conc5tration c\ld be accompli%$4 ,he made a ?ird & m s]i\s mi/ake1 :i* prov$ ru9\s4 ,he )drew f ! w> aft] 8 fir/ defeats :5 8 army 0 beat1 inde$1 b nei!r brok5 nor disorganiz$1 :5 he /ill held ! unconqu]$ quadrilat]al1 & :5 ,prussia & ,g]many 7 arm+ to support him4 ,9 #ahff he 0 equally imprud5t 9 ! w> aga9/ ,prussia1 :5 a cont9uation ( ! conte/ w\ld h oblig$ ,france1 :e!r will+ly or o!rwise1 to int]v5e1 & w\ld probably h sav$ bo? ,au/ria & ,france4 ,mean:ile1 ,napoleon felt t x 0 necess>y to reassure ! ,ca?olics ( ,france4 8,we d n g to ,italy10 said he1 boldly1 b untruly1 9 8 proclamation ( #crd ,may1 89 ord] to enc\rage disord]1 nor to %ake ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 :om we h replac$ on 8 ?rone1 b 9 ord] to lib]ate him f ! =eign pressure :i* weighs ^u ! :ole p59sula1 & assi/ 9 f\nd+ ord] on legitimate int]e/s t w be satisfi$40 ,m4 ,r\l&1 ! ,m9i/] ( ,public ,wor%ip1 wrote to ! bi%ops1 9 ord] to inspire !m ) confid5ce z to ! consequ5ces ( ! conte/4 8,! ,emp]or10 he said1 hypocritically1 8has weigh$ ! matt] 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god1 & 8 well-kn[n wisdom1 en]gy & loyalty w n be want+1 ei!r to religion or ! c\ntry4 ,! pr9ce :o has giv5 to religion s _m pro(s ( def]5ce & atta*m5t1 :o1 aft] ! evil days ( #ahdh1 br\ght back ! ,holy ,fa!r to ! ,vatican1 is ! firme/ support ( ,ca?olic unity1 & he desires t ! ,*ief ( ! ,*ur* %all be respect$ 9 all 8 rights z a temporal sov]eign4 ,! pr9ce1 :o sav$ ,france f ! invasion ( ! democracy1 _c accept ei!r its doctr9es or its dom9ation 9 ,italy40 ,^! decl>ations1 :i* promis$ s mu*1 7 joyfully accept$ by ! ,ca?olics4 ,ev5ts1 h[ev]1 soon made x appe> h[ holl[ !y 74 ,! gr& conspiracy1 :il/ x amus$ ! fri5ds ( ord] & legality ) f9e words & ly+ prote/ations1 act$ 9 su* a way z to favor ! revolution & meet all its wi%es4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,april1 ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 uncle ( ,victor ,emmanuel1 0 ov]?r[n 9 consequ5ce ( intrigues & plots at ! h\se ( ,signor ,buoncompagni1 ambassador ( ! ,pi$montese ,k+1 a fact to :i* ,mr4 ,sc>lett1 ! ,briti% repres5tative1 be>s witness 9 an (ficial despat*4 ,! same bl[ 0 /ruck1 & ) ! l success1 aga9/ ! excell5t & popul> ,du*ess ( ,p>ma4 ,b ?is pr9cess 0 imm$iately recall$ by ! p1 :o _h be5 tak5 by surprise1 & rema9$ until ,pi$mont took milit>y possession ( ! ,du*ies1 :i* x nev] gave up4 ,pr9ce ,napoleon1 :o comm&$ ! #e? ,fr5* ,army ,corps1 look+ out = ! enemy by a devi\s r\te1 9 ! direction ( ,romagna1 rea*$ ! battle-field ( ,solf]9o too late to take "p 9 ! fight1 b q 9 "t to make x available to ! revolution4 ,! ,au/rian troops :o occupi$ ,bologna1 be+ ?reat5$ by ! movem5t1 made ha/e to recross ! ,po1 )\t wait+ to be replac$ by a ,pontifical g>rison1 & )\t ev5 advis+ ! ,holy ,see4 ,m4 de ,cav\r's emiss>ies imm$iately avail$ !mselves ( s good an opportunity1 took possession ( ! city1 :]e !re 0 n a soldi] left1 & (f]$ its gov]nm5t to ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,!y 7 prep>+ at ,rome to celebrate ! ?irte5? anniv]s>y ( ! coronation ( ,pius ,,ix41 :5 ! news ( ^! sad ev5ts rea*$ ! city4 ,! addresses ( ! ,pope1 on ?is occasion1 !re=e1 7 necess>ily full ( melan*oly feel+4 8,9 :atev] direction ,i look10 said he1 9 8 reply to ! c>d9als1 8,i behold only subjects ( sorr[2 b1 #8v hom9i illi p] quem sc&alum v5it6' ,woe to t man by :om sc&al come?6 ,= my "p1 p]sonally1 ,i am n %ak52 ,i place my tru/ 9 ,god40 ,?ree days lat]1 ! #ah? ,june1 he ann\nc$1 9 a consi/orial allocution1 t ,c>d9al ,antonelli _h be5 commission$ to prote/ at ! c\rts ( all ! ,p[]s aga9/ ! ev5ts 9 ,romagna4 ,b 8 position z sov]eign requir$ ( him some?+ m ?an words1 & he did n %r9k f any ( 8 duties4 ,p]ugia _h foll[$ ! example ( ,bologna1 & to ! =m] city he despat*$ troops1 :o retook x )\t any difficulty4 ,9 ! conte/ "s twelve m5 7 ei!r kill$ or w\nd$1 & ! clamors ( ! revolution>y press rung ?r\gh\t ,europe1 d5\nc+ ! massacres & ! 8sack ( ,p]ugia40 ,lett] ( ! ,honorable ,mrs4 ,ross f ,p]ugia1 vide ,weekly ,regi/]1 ,febru>y #aa?1 #ahfj4 ,,! ,,tru? ,,ab\t ,,p]ugia4--,we h receiv$ f ,rome an orig9al ,engli% copy ( ! lett] ( ,mrs4 ,ross ( ,blad5sburgh1 writt5 f ,p]ugia on ! #bcrd ( ,june la/1 & an ,italian v]sion ( :i* we ann\nc$ la/ week to our read]s z hav+ appe>$ 9 ! ,giornale di ,roma ( #bcrd ult41 & :i* is ref]r$ to 9 our special correspond5ce f ,rome ?is week4 ,we really nev] expect$ t our =m] ,p]ug9o antagoni/1 ,mr4 ,p]k9s1 ( ,bo/on1 %\ld h turn$ out to be su* a v un=tunate man4 ,we h n[ a fair sample ( ! au?orities consult$ by travell]s ( 8 class to procure evid5ce aga9/ ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t4 ------------------------------------- ,extract f a lett] writt5 by ! ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,ross ( ,blad5sburgh1 to h] husb&1 f ,villa ,monti1 at ,p]ugia1 dat$ ,p]ugia1 ,june #ba/1 #ahei4 8,to ,david ,ross1 ( ,blad5sburgh1 ,hautes ,pyr5ees1 ,france4 8,i wrote to y la/ ,w$nesday1 #ae? in/41 to ann\nce a revolution :i* occurr$ "h on ! previ\s day2 n[ ,i write to relieve y\r m9d ( anxiety 9 case an exagg]at$ acc\nt ( :at has occurr$ "h be giv5 9 ! public pap]s4 ,i h to tell y ( ! re-entrance ( ! ,papal troops1 :i* took place ye/]day aft] a /ubborn resi/ance ( f\r h\rs on ! "p ( ! revolutioni/s4 8,:5 ! revolt at ,p]ugia 0 kn[n at ,rome1 ord]s 7 giv5 to a body ( ,swiss troops to replace ! little g>rison :i* _h be5 driv5 out4 ,! revolution>y junta 0 well in=m$ ( :at _h be5 decid$ on at ,rome1 & imm$iately prep>$ to oppose ! re-e/abli%m5t ( social ord] 9 ! t[n4 ,victor ,emmanuel1 to :om !y _h (f]$ ! t[n1 return$ no (ficial answ]1 b1 in/ead1 reports 7 indu/ri\sly circulat$ among ! citiz5s ( sympa?y & support f ,pi$mont4 ,an hone/ refusal on ! "p ( ,victor ,emmanuel1 or an op5 acceptance1 w\ld h prev5t$ subsequ5t ev5ts1 :i* 8 calculat$ sil5ce br\ght ab\t4 ,on ,saturday la/1 ! #ah? in/41 we he>d t ! ,pope's troops 7 close to ---- & on ,sunday t !y _h actually arriv$ !re4 ,9 ! ---- ,buoncompagni s5t f ,tuscany1 ,i am told1 #cjj muskets 9 aid & wagons 7 despat*$ to ,arezzo = arms & ammunition2 b>ricades 7 comm5c$4 ,! monks 7 turn$ out ( _! conv5t at ,/4 ,pet]'s ,gate 7"o ( !m came d[n to u72 & #ejj arm$ m5 in/ead 7 put 9 to def5d ! gate & fir/ b>ricade4 ,aft] two o'clock p4m41 ! gates 7 clos$1 & no "o c\ld g 9 or out ( ! t[n )\t an ord]4 ,x 0 !n ,i wrote a note to ,mr4 ,p]k9s1 w>n+ & reque/+ him & 8 family to accept a %ake-d[n ) u2 & ) difficulty ,i got ! note convey$ up to t[n by a woman :o happ5$ to h a pass4 ,no?+ c\ld induce any ( ! peasants ab\t u to g ne> ! t[n1 z ! revolution>y p>ty 7 mak+ =c$ levies ( ! y\? ( ! place1 & arm+ !m to resi/ ! com+ troops4 ,next morn+ 7,monday ! #bj?7 a body ( %eph]ds com+ up f ! place1 told u t !y _h j se5 ! ,swiss troops at ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angioli1 :]e !y /opp$ & _h mass17#c7 hav+ he>d t ! citiz5s contemplat$ resi/ance4 ,ab\t t5 o'clock t same morn+ ,i got ,mr4 ,p]k9s' answ] to my note2 x 0 to ?is effect--t he _h gone to ! presid5t 7( ! ,junta71 :o assur$ him t ! ,swiss _h n yet ev5 rea*$ ---- & t c]ta9ly !y w\ld n arrive be=e ! next day at sunset4 ,& ! inn-keep] 7! notori\s ,/orti71 he add$1 said t !y 7 n com+ "h at all1 b go+ to ,ancona6 ,i _c imag9e h[ he c\ld tru/ su* p1 :o 7 all implicat$ 9 ! bus9ess4 ,8 mess5g]1 :o 0 "o ( ! s]vants ( ! hotel1 said1 z he gave ! note1 #8,don't delay me1 or ,i %all n be 9 "t to kill my ?ree or f\r ,swiss1' %[+ h[ well in=m$ & prep>$ ! hotel 04 ,i %\ld h writt5 aga9 to ! poor ,p]k9s' to undeceive !m2 b x 0 too late1 = almo/ imm$iately ! columns ( ! ,swiss appe>$ 9 ! pla9 bel[1 :i* y "k we see f our villa1 & ! presid5t 7revolution>y ,junta7 & o!r heads ( ! rebellion _h _! c>riages & horses ready wait+4 ,!y fl$ at ! fir/ gun1 leav+ ! p to act = !mselves aft] hav+ inflam$1 deceiv$ & arm$ !m1 & ga!r$ into ! t[n all ! canaille !y c\ld get f ! neighbor+ c\ntry4 ,f ! mom5t ! troops appe>$1 all ! peasants belong+ to ! villa flock$ ar\nd u4 ,anxiety 0 depict$ on e face4 ,! c\nt5ance ( "o old man 9 p>ticul> 0 v /rik+--#8bad times1' he murmur$4 #8,we h fall5 on evil days--respect & awe are gone1 & ! p are bl9d$4' ,! p>i% prie/ 0 also ) u1 & ! monk ,i m5tion$ be=e4 ,we wat*$ ) great anxiety ! sl[ asc5t ( ! troops up ! long five miles to ! city gate4 ,!re ! colonel & 8 m5 halt$1 & he p>ley$ ) ! p4 ,we c\ld see him /op & address !m1 & !n we saw a volley fir$ d[n on !m by ! arm$ m5 9 ! conv5t w9d[s4 ,! fir/ fire 0 f ! p on ! troops4 ,we c\ld see all f our villa w9d[s l a sc5e on ! /age2 :ile ! di/ance 0 suffici5t to veil ! horrors ( w>4 ,!n we saw "s troops sep>ate f ! ma9 body & advance to ! foot ( ! wall1 & 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye !y scal$ x1 amid a hot fire f ! insurg5ts1 :om we he>d %\t+ out1 #8,coraggio6 coraggio6' f beh9d ! walls4 ,!n we saw "o soldi] ru% up & te> d[n ! revolution>y flag1 & c>ry x 9 triumph back to ! ma9 body ( ! troops1 & !n we saw ! ,pontifical flag float :]e ! revolution>y "o _h be54 ,9 ! meantime ! re/ ( ! troops _h plant$ _! cannon opposite to ! city gate4 ,boom6 boom6 !y w5t at ! b>ricades1 & 9 an h\r aft] ! fir+ ( ! fir/ gun1 !y _h driv5 out ! #ejj arm$ m5 f ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 & ent]$ ! fir/ enclosure ( ! t[n4 ,we !n saw no m1 b sat all t aft]noon 9 ! w9d[1 li/5+ to ! incessant fir+ 9 deep anxiety4 ,z ! soldi]s f\ght _! way up to _! b>racks1 & z ! report ( ! arms became m & m di/ant1 we c\ld judge pretty well ( ! advance ( ! troops1 kn[+ z we did ! *ief po9ts ( resi/ance )94 ,! fir/ gun fir$ 0 at ?ree o'clock p4m4 precisely1 & at sev5 p4m4 all 0 sil5t aga92 ! soldi]s _h rea*$ _! b>racks4 ,i he> t ---- h fl$ out t[>ds ,arezzo2 all ! canaille ( ! villages ( ! place 7 enli/$ to def5d ! city1 & x 0 ! talk ( ! c\ntry t _h ! ,swiss be5 beat51 ! city 0 to h be5 pillag$ by t arm$ mob4 ,!y say t _h !y n _h promises ( succor f ,victor ,emmanuel 7! #8,re ,galantuomo'71 & ( enc\ragem5t f ,pr9cess ,val5t9i 7nee ,buonap>te1 :o resides "h71 !y w\ld n h resi/$ z !y did3 ?us 7 !y deceiv$6 ,!re is m 9 x all ?an "o sees at fir/2 & cle>ly x 0 an affair got up to make out a case aga9/ ! ,pope4 ,pi$montese money 0 circulat$ !re j be=e ! revolution4 ,n---- got x 9 *ange 9 ! %ops4 8,june #bb4--,p4,s4--,our s]vant has be5 to t[n to-day2 he br+s me a lett] f ! ,p]k9s'1 & su* news z is ! g5]al talk ( ! cafes4 ,our poor fri5ds 9 ! ,hotel de ,france 7,loc&a ,/orti7 suff]$ mu*4 ,deceiv$ to ! la/1 !y _h n ev5 be5 told ( ! actual arrival ( ! troops1 & _h j sat quietly to d9n] :5 ! ro> ( ! guns />tl$ !m4 ,!y /rove to g to ano!r hotel1 b alas6 ! gates ( _! inn 7 fa/5$2 !y c\ld n /ir4 ,! lett] ,i got f !m said t ! troops 7 irritat$ on acc\nt ( ! fir+ f ! ro(4 ,we knew be=eh& h[ x w\ld be !re2 & 9 fact !y did %oot an (fic] & two m5 :ile pass+ ! door4 ,x 0 on ?is t ! soldi]s1 infuriat$1 ru%$ & assail$ ! h\se4444 ,i he> e "o blames ! imprud5ce ( ^! p4 ,!y c\ld n af=d to be ho/ile2 = ! hotel1 if y rememb]1 comm&s ! /reet f ! base up ! hill4 ,no troops1 !re=e1 c\ld risk go+ up t hill ) a ho/ile h\se 9 t position ready to take !m 9 ! re>4 ,! escape ( ! poor ,p]k9s' is a p]fect miracle2 !y1 ,i he>1 lo/ ev]y?+4 ,! innkeep]1 wait] & /ableman1 !y say1 7 kill$ 9 ! fray4 ,! numb] ( dea?s among ! ,swiss 7 #aj1 & #cc ( ! ,p]ugians4 ,sev]al prison]s 7 made4 ,i w5t up on ?is same aft]noon 7,june #bb7 ) ! two little boys to see ! colonel ( ! regim5t4 ,! t[n is wond]fully little injur$1 only brok5 w9d[s 444 aft] a mob riot1 ) ! exception ( a few h\ses 9 ! suburbs1 betwe5 ! out] & inn] gates4 ,"o 0 burn$ by ! accid5t ( ! fall+ ( a bomb-%ell4 ,! o!r 0 cannonad$ z be+ a resort ( ! rebels4 ,!re is great talk ( h[ ! heads ( ! revolution scamp]$ (f1 betray+ ?us ! tools & dupes ( _! faction40 ------------------------------------- ,extract f ano!r lett] to ,david ,ross ( ,blad5sburgh3 8,!re is great t]ror "h among all ! c\ntry p1 :o dread1 soon] or lat]1 v5geance be+ tak5 ^u !m by ! revolution>y p>ty1 because !y w\ld h no?+ to say to ! movem5t40 7,m#fe7 ,x is well kn[n h[ rapidly ev5ts succe$$ "o ano!r1 :5 ,napoleon's fri5dly relations ) ,au/ria came to an end4 ,on ,may #crd he decl>$ w>4 ,on ! #ab? he arriv$ at ,g5oa1 comm&$ 9 p]son1 on ! #d? ( ,june1 at ! battle ( ,mag5ta1 :]e1 b = ! sup]ior g5]al%ip ( ,m>%al ,mc,mahon1 he w\ld h lo/ 8 life1 toge!r ) 8 army1 & on ! #bd? ( ! same mon? won ! great victory ( ,solf]9o4 ,he n[ gave out t he _h en\gh ( glory & w\ld fight no m1 :il/ 9 reality he 0 con/ra9$ to yield to p[]ful pressure f )\t4 ,prussia1 =esee+ t1 if ,au/ria exp]i5c$ a few m defeats1 %e h]self w\ld suff]1 deem$ x wise to int]f]e4 ,prussia _h1 inde$1 conc]t$ matt]s be=eh& ) ! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*1 & _h und]tak5 to isolate ,au/ria1 h] h]$it>y rival 9 ,g]many4 ,b at ! fir/ rumor ( ! ,franco-,pi$montese aggression1 ! ,g]man ,/ates 7 mov$4 ,! ,diet ( ,franc=t insi/$ t ! conf$]ate nations %\ld proce$ to assi/ ! ,emp]or1 :o 0 ,presid5t ( ! ,g]man ,conf$]ation4 ,x fell to ,prussia to head ! movem5t4 ,b1 z may be conceiv$1 %e 0 n he>ty 9 ! cause4 ,h] /atesm5 hesitat$1 argu$1 equivocat$1 & made a %[ ( prep>+1 b sl[ly1 = w>4 ,mean:ile1 ! news ( ! successive defeats ( ,au/ria r\s$ /ill m ! patriotism ( ! ,g]mans4 ,! ,prussian mon>*1 f9d+ t he 0 on ! po9t ( be+ ov]:elm$1 address$ to 8 ,imp]ial accomplice1 ! day aft] ! battle ( ,solf]9o1 a mo/ press+ telegram1 in=m+ him t he mu/ make peace1 co/ :at x w\ld4 ,napoleon1 x ne$ h>dly be said1 obey$1 & s ! peace ( ,villafranca 0 conclud$4 ,by ?is treaty 0 e/abli%$ an ,italian ,conf$]ation1 "u ! honor>y presid5cy ( ! ,pope1 ,lomb>dy giv5 to ,pi$mont1 ,v5ice left to ,au/ria1 ! rights ( ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany & ! o!r sov]eigns1 :o 7 = ! mom5t dispossess$1 expressly res]v$4 ,?us appe>$ to end ! intrigues ( ! revolution4 ,pius ,,ix4 promptly invit$ ! fai?ful ( ,rome to jo9 ) him 9 (f]+ ?anksgiv+ to ,god4 ,8 lett] ?us concludes3 8,:at d we pray =8 ,t all ! enemies ( ,*ri/1 ( ,8 ,*ur* & ( ! ,holy ,see1 may be conv]t$ & live40 7,m#ff7 ,s cle>1 app>5tly1 0 n[ ! political atmosph]e1 t m5 c\ld n avoid accus+ !mselves ( hav+ judg$ ra%ly ! mighty conqu]or1 :o1 by a ^w1 c\ld re/ore s]5ity z easily z he _h di/urb$ x4 ,x 0 n yet kn[n by :at p[] he 0 re/ra9$4 ,9 compliance ) ! requirem5ts ( ! treaty ( ,villafranca1 ,pi$mont1 inde$1 )drew h] commission]s f ,c5tral ,italy4 ,! public1 h[ev]1 soon le>n$1 to its great a/oni%m5t1 :at1 at fir/1 x c\ld n believe1 t provisional gov]nm5ts took ! place ( ! ,pi$montese ,commission]s1 & t ,b>on ,ricasoli1 at ,flor5ce1 ,signor ,f>9i1 at ,mod5a & ,p>ma1 & ,cipriani1 at ,bologna1 all ag5ts ( ,c\nt de ,cav\r & ! revolution1 dismiss$ ev]y:]e su* (ficials z 7 suspect$ ( look+ s]i\sly to ! return ( ! legitimate sov]eigns1 & _h rec\rse to popul> suffrage4 ,?is1 x is no exagg]ation to say1 0 a m]e mock]y4 ,! vot+ direct$1 expurgat$ by ^! p>ties1 nev] ext5d$ to ! l&w>d di/ricts1 b1 conf9$ entirely to ! t[ns1 0 necess>ily calculat$ to produce ! result at :i* !y aim$--a plebiscitum 9 favor ( annexation to ,pi$mont4 ,9 ,romagna1 = in/ance1 :]e !re 7 ab\t two hundr$ ?\s& electors1 only #ah1jjj 7 regi/]$1 & ( ^! only "o-?ird pres5t$ _! votes4 ,by su* means 0 a national assembly con/itut$4 ,?is assembly met at ,bologna on ! #f? ( ,septemb]1 & at its fir/ sitt+ vot$ ! abolition ( ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t1 & invit$ ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,?is pot5tate d>$ n1 at fir/1 to accept1 b appo9t$ ,signor ,buoncompagni1 gov]nor-g5]al ( ! league ( ,c5tral ,italy4 ,x did n appe> f ! /ate ( ! polls1 if1 inde$1 ! poll+ ( votes 0 ev5 made a fa%ion (1 t ! p ( ! ,papal ,/ates 7 at all anxi\s to d away ) ! gov]nm5t "u :i* !y & _! =efa!rs _h enjoy$ s _m bless+s1 toge!r ) ! surpass+ honor ( possess+1 z _! capital1 ! metropolis ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,!y 7 too happy 9 be+ rul$ ov] by ! elective mon>* :om !y !mselves _h *os51 to desire1 9 pref]5ce to him1 ! m]e %ad[ ( a k+--! satrap ( an ,imp]ial despot4 ,x 0 n !y :o1 9 a pret5d$ patriotic endeavor to %ake (f ! ,pontifical yoke1 rais$ ! /&>d ( rebellion 9 s _m cities & prov9ces ( ! ,papal ,/ates4 ,?is 0 :olly ! "w ( =eign]s4 ,a ,bonap>te1 att5d$ by a num]\s & well-discipl9$ army1 invad$ ,italy4 ,8 arms 71 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 successful2 & s rebellion 0 enc\rag$4 ,ano!r ,bonap>te excit$ to revolt ! city ( ,p]ugia4 ,! di/urbance 0 spe$ily settl$ by a h&ful ( troops :om ! sov]eign _h despat*$ f ,rome1 to ! great satisfaction ( ! citiz5s ( ,p]ugia4 ,9 o!r cities1 by ! l in/rum5talities1 7 l movem5ts occasion$4 ,!y 7 inv>iably suppress$ by ! loyal & devot$ p4 ,s mu* 0 ?is ! case t ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t w>mly ?ank$ ! mayors & municipalities ( no few] ?an sev5 or eight cities = _! good s]vices 9 putt+ d[n ! nasc5t revolution4 ,at ,bologna1 ! capital ( ! ,romagnol or milian prov9ces1 a c\s9 ( ! ,bonap>tes1 ! ,m>quis ,pepoli1 :om ! b5evol5ce ( ,pius ,,ix4 _h re/or$ to 8 c\ntry1 /irr$ up rebellion1 & caus$ ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t to give place to revolution>y misrule4 ,! abettors ( ,pepoli1 9 ?is mo/ base & ungrateful proce$+1 7 8 associates ( ! secret societies2 o!rs :o 7 =eign]s at ,bologna1 & a few malcont5ts ( t city itself4 ,b all ^! 7 f> f be+ ! citiz5s ( ,bologna1 f> f be+ ! p ( ! ,bolognese prov9ces4 ,:il/ su* ?+s 7 done1 :]e 0 ! peace ( ,villafranca8 ,x _h become1 or r1 nev] 0 any?+ bett] ?an1 wa/e pap]4 ,! head ( ! ,bonap>tes 0 ! (f5d]1 & he contriv$ to make ,france ! p>tn] ( 8 guilt4 8,x is ,france10 ! illu/ri\s ,m4 de ,montalemb]t affirms1 8t has all[$ ! temporal p[] ( ! ,pope to be %ak54 ,?is is ! fact1 :i* bl9d m5 only c d5y4 ,france is n engag$ alone 9 ?is pa?1 b h] ov]:elm+ asc5dancy places h] at ! head ( ! movem5t1 & ?r[s ! great & supreme responsibility ( x ^u h]4 ,we "k all ! legitimate & cru%+ reproa*es t are due to ,engl& & ,pi$mont2 b if ,france _h s will$ x1 ,pi$mont w\ld n h d>$ to und]take any?+ aga9/ ! ,holy ,see1 & ,engl& w\ld h be5 condemn$ to h] impot5t hatr$4444 ,! ,congress ( ,p>is1 9 #ahef--;hav+ solemnly decl>$1 #8t none ( ! contract+ p[]s _h ! "r ( int]f]+1 ei!r collectively or individually1 betwe5 a sov]eign & 8 subjects'7#d7--;aft] hav+ proclaim$ ! pr9ciple ( ! absolute indep5d5ce ( sov]eigns 9 favor ( ! ,turki% ,sultan aga9/ 8 ,*ri/ian subjects1 ?\ght itself ju/ifi$ by its protocol ( ,april #h?1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( any repres5tative ( ! augu/ accus$1 9 proclaim+ t ! situation ( ! ,papal ,/ates 0 abnormal & irregul>4 ,?is accusation1 develop$1 aggravat$ & exagg]at$ 9 p>liam5t & else:]e1 by ,"l ,palm]/on & ,c\nt ,cav\r1 01 nev]!less1 =mally put =w>d "u ! presid5cy & on ! initiative ( ! ,fr5* m9i/] = =eign affairs4 ,consequ5tly1 ,france mu/ be held acc\ntable = x to ! ,*ur*1 & to ! re/ ( ,europe40 ,! w> :i* 8! skilful b guilty p]sev]ance ( ,pi$montese policy0 succe$$ 9 occasion+ betwe5 ,france & ,au/ria facilitat$ n a little ! "w ( revolution 9 ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ord] to dispel ! fe>s t prevail$1 ! foll[+ words 7 address$ to ! ,bi%ops ( ,france by ! m9i/] ( ! ,emp]or3 8,! pr9ce :o re/or$ ! ,holy ,fa!r to 8 ?rone 9 ! ,vatican wills t ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* %\ld be respect$ 9 all 8 rights z a temporal sov]eign40 ,a little lat]1 ! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*1 elat$ ) 8 milit>y success1 issu$ a proclamation :i* r5ew$ ! appreh5sions t _h be5 s happily allay$4 8,italians6--,provid5ce sometimes favors nations & individuals by giv+ !m ! opportunity ( sudd5ly spr++ into _! full gr[?4 ,avail y\rselves1 !n1 ( ! =tune t is (f]$ y6 ,y\r desire ( indep5d5ce1 s long express$1 s (t5 deceiv$1 w be realiz$1 if y %[ y\rselves wor?y ( x4 ,unite !n = "o sole object1 ! lib]ation ( y\r c\ntry4 ,fly to ! /&>ds ( ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel1 :o has already s nobly %[n y ! way to honor4 ,rememb] t )\t discipl9e !re c be no army1 & animat$ ) ! sacr$ fire ( patriotism1 be soldi]s only to-day1 & y w be to-morr[ free citiz5s ( a great c\ntry40 8,! ,romagnese10 cont9ues ,montalemb]t1 8took ! speak] at 8 ^w4 ,f\r days aft] ! appe>ance ( ?is proclamation1 !y rose aga9/ ! ,papal au?ority1 creat$ a provisional gov]nm5t1 convok$ a sov]eign assembly1 vot$ ! deposition ( ! ,pope1 & ! annexation to ,pi$mont4 ,f9ally1 see+ _! audacity rema9$ unpuni%$1 !y organiz$ an arm$ league1 (fic]$ by ,pi$montese1 & comm&$ by ,g>ibaldi--t ,g>ibaldi1 :o1 hav+ be5 vanqui%$ by ,fr5* troops t5 ye>s ago1 n[ avails himself ( our rec5t h>d-won victories1 to boa/ t he w #8soon make an end ( cl]ical despotism4' 0 ,?ree mon?s aft] ! revolution _h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,romagna1 ,m4 de ,montalemb]t wrote3 8,! revolution1 triumphant1 is /ill ask+ ,europe to sanction its "w4 ,france has to impute to h]self all ! sc&als & all ! calamities t w foll[4 ,great nations are responsible n only = :at !y d1 b = :at !y p]mit to be done "u ! %ad[ ( _! flag1 & by ! incitem5t ( _! influ5ce4 ,! w> :i* ,france wag$ 9 ,italy has co/ ! ,pope ! loss ( ! ?ird "p ( 8 dom9ions1 & ! irrep>able weak5+ ( 8 hold on :at rema9s4 ,! elde/ daught] ( ! *ur* w rema9 acc\ntable = x be=e contempor>ies1 be=e hi/ory1 be=e ,europe1 & be=e ,god4 ,%e w n be all[$ to wipe h] m\? l ! adultress 9 ,scripture1 qu t]g5s os suum dicit1 non sum op]ata malum40 ,ano!r p[] :i* 01 9 ! full s5se ( ! t]m1 =eign 9 ! ,roman ,/ates1 /ill m directly aid$ ! revolution4 ,?is p[] 0 ! army ( ,g>ibaldi4 ,x w be se51 :5 x is consid]$ :at troops ?is army 0 compos$ (1 t x 0 :olly ali5 9 ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ?is motley corps !re 73 #f1gej ,pi$montese volunte]s4 #c1bdj ,lomb>ds volunte]s #a1bjj ,v5etians4 #b1aej ,neapolitans & ,sicilians4 #ejj ,romans4 #a1bjj ,hung>ians4 #bjj ,fr5*4 #cj ,engli%4 #aej ,maltese & ,ionians4 #bfj ,greeks4 #dej ,poles4 #cgj ,swiss4 #afj ,spani>ds1 ,belgians & ,am]icans4 #hjj ,au/rian des]t]s & lib]at$ convicts4 ,c\ld su* an army z ?is be held to be a repres5tation ( ! p ( ! ,papal ,/ates8 ,"o-?ird ( x 0 suppli$ by two ho/ile nations1 "o ( :i*1 ,pi$mont1 _h actually1 by ! intrigues ( its gov]nm5t & 9 pursuance ( a policy :i* an able /atesman1 a mo/ c&id writ] & an honorable man1 ,c\nt ,montalemb]t1 has /igmatiz$ z crim9al1 caus$ ! rebellion 9 ,romagna1 & has s9ce e>ne/ly labor$ to avail itself ( ! /ate ( ?+s1 by annex+ ,c5tral ,italy to ! t]ritories ( ! ,pi$montese ,k+4 ,x 7 sup]flu\s to direct att5tion to ! numb]s ( =eign]s f v>i\s /ates4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 des]v+ ( rem>k t ! :ole population ( ! ,papal ,/ates1 am\nt+ to #c1jjj1jjj1 %\ld h %[n its alleg$ sympa?y ) ! 8cause ( ,italy10 by s5d+ only #ejj m5 to fight its battles4 ,!y did n want c\rage1 z 0 %[n 9 #ahdh1 :5 nei!r ! consid]ate advice & pat]nal remon/rances ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 nor ! wise c\nsel ( grave /atesm5 & le>n$ c>d9als1 c\ld mod]ate ! ardor ( ! ,roman y\?1 believ+1 z !y _h be5 p]suad$1 t patriotism & duty call$ !m to foll[ ! /&>d ( ,k+ ,*>les ,alb]t4 ,!n !y took up arms1 z !y conceiv$1 9 ! cause ( ,italian lib]ty4 ,b n[ t honorable cause 0 manife/ly 9 abeyance2 & !y w\ld n leave _! homes & endang] _! lives = ! phantom ( national indep5d5ce (f]$ !m by ! revolution4 ,! ,fr5* 7 equally w>y4 ,!y sympa?iz$ ) ,italy4 ,!y f\ght = _! ,emp]or4 ,b !y _h no admiration = ,pi$montese ambition1 or t ( ,murats1 & ,pepolis1 & ,bonap>tes4 ,engl& 0 m cauti\s /ill4 ,h[ev] mu* h] demagogues may h ex]t$ _! oratorical p[]s at home1 !y c>efully avoid$ p]ill+ ei!r life or limb 9 ! cause ( ! revolution4 ,a m num]\s b& ( fight+ m5 ( ,engli% orig91 9 ,g>ibaldi's ranks1 w\ld h %[n m sympa?y ) rebellion 9 "s ,italian ,/ates ?an ! proposal made by a "r honorable memb] ( ! ri*e/ pe]age 9 ! _w to raise a p5ny subscription 9 ord] to supply ! rebels ) bayonets & fire-arms4 ,:5 we call to m9d t ?is sugge/ion 0 made by t v lordly pe] :o 0 once ,gov]nor-,g5]al ( ,india1 we h little difficulty 9 und]/&+ :y 8 sup]iors1 ! memb]s ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company1 dismiss$ him f ! high & responsible (fice ) :i* he _h be5 entru/$4 ,x _c be pret5d$ t ! army ( ,g>ibaldi 01 9 any degree1 a national repres5tation4 ,no nation or community c be fairly repres5t$ by a numb] ( its p1 insignificantly small1 unless1 inde$1 ^! few individuals hold commission f _! fell[-c\ntrym54 ,we h n read any:]e t ! ,g>ibaldian army 0 ?us honor$4 ,social /atus1 "* & respectability1 may1 on occasions1 give to individuals ! privilege ( repres5t+ _! c\ntry4 ,b on ^! gr\nds ! motley troop ( ! revolution>y lead] possess$ no claim4 ,!y 7 m5 = :om peace & ord] h no *>ms4 ,! p[]ful corrective ( milit>y discipl9e 0 appli$ to !m 9 va94 ,_! insubord9ation 0 notori\s4 ,to ,g>ibaldi ev5 x 0 intol]able4 ,& ?is man1 d>+ z he 01 )drew f ! comm& 9 disgu/4 ,he _h sc>cely retir$ :5 _m ( 8 m5 des]t$4 ,^! ! p refus$ to recognize1 & w\ld n af=d !m assi/ance on _! j\rney4 ,"s fifty ( !m arriv$ at ,plac5tia1 aft] hav+ be5 r$uc$ to m5dicancy be=e !y c\ld rea* _! homes4 ,! revolution>y gov]nor1 ,doctor ,fanti1 issu$ an ord] ( ! day1 requir+ t ^! m51 on acc\nt ( _! insubord9ation & bad conduct1 %\ld n be admitt$ anew into ! army ( ! ,league4 ,! g5]al-9-*ief also publi%$ an ord]1 "u date ( #bf? ,novemb]1 #ahei1 absolutely =bidd+ to accept any p]son :o _h belong$ to ,g>ibaldi's =ce4 ,an army s compos$ c\ld1 by no means1 claim to repres5t ! highly ref9$1 intellectual1 & moral populations ( ,italy4 ,f> less did x af=d any pro( t ! p ( ! ,papal ,/ates 7 anxi\s to =w>d ! "w ( ! revolution4 ,! inhabitants ( ,rome & ! ,roman ,/ates1 f> f %[+ any incl9ation to side ) ! revolution>y p>ty1 7 wont nev] to let pass an opportunity ( manife/+ _! satisfaction ) ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,pope4 ,8 ,hol9ess walk$ abroad )\t gu>ds4 ,& al?\gh he s\ght ! mo/ retir$ places1 = ! enjoym5t ( t p$e/rian ex]cise :i* 8 heal? requir$1 numb]s ( ! p (t5 contriv$ to ?r[ !mselves 9 8 way1 9 ord] to te/ify to him _! rev]5ce & affection1 z well z to receive 8 pat]nal b5$iction4 ,:5 tak+ 8 walk1 "o day1 on ,monte ,p9cio1 _m ?\s&s came ar\nd him1 decl>+ l\dly _! unfeign$ loyalty4 ,! foll[+ day1 /ill great] cr[ds repair$ to ! same place4 ,b ! ,holy ,fa!r1 ) a view to be m retir$1 _h gone 9 ano!r direction4 ,x ought n to be =gott51 t :5 return+1 9 ! autumn ( #ahei1 f 8 villa at ,ca/el ,g&olpho1 ! road 0 ?rong$ on bo? sides to ! di/ance ( f\r miles f ,rome ) citiz5s :o _h no o!r object 9 view ?an to give a cordial & loyal welcome to _! ,bi%op & ,pr9ce4 ,?is 0 an ovation--a triumph :i* ! greate/ conqu]or might well h envi$4 ,x has already be5 record$ t1 on occasion ( ! progress :i* ! ,holy ,fa!r made ?r\gh 8 ,/ates1 he 0 ev]y:]e receiv$ ) ! mo/ lively demon/rations ( en?usia/ic loyalty1 rev]5ce & affection4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,janu>y1 #ahfj1 ! municipal body1 or1 z x is call$1 8! ,s5ate10 ( ,rome1 pres5t$ to ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 z well 9 _! own "n z on behalf ( all ! p1 an address expressive ( _! filial duty & loyal s5tim5ts4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 ,janu>y #ai?1 "o hundr$ & ?irty-f\r ( ! nobility ( ,rome1 :o are1 9 all1 "o hundr$ & sixty1 approa*$ ! p]son ( ! ,pontiff 9 ord] to pres5t an equally loyal & dutiful address4 ,! s5tim5ts ( ?is address w be be/ convey$ 9 its own pla9 & en]getic language--language :i* does honor to ! patricians ( mod]n ,rome3 8,we1 ! und]sign$1 deeply griev$ by ! publication ( v>i\s libels :i*1 emanat+ f ! revolution>y press1 t5d to make ! _w believe t ! p subject to ! au?ority ( y\r ,hol9ess are wi%+ to %ake (f ! yoke :i*1 z x is report$1 has become insuff]able1 feel necessitat$ to %[ fidelity & loyalty to y\r ,hol9ess1 & to make kn[n to ! re/ ( ,europe1 :i*1 at ! pres5t mom5t1 d\bts ! s9c]ity ( our words1 ! fidelity ( our p]sons t[>ds y\r ,hol9ess1 by a manife/ation ( atta*m5t & fidelity t[>ds y\r p]son1 proce$+ f our duty z ,ca?olics1 & f our lawful submission z y\r subjects4 8,x is n1 h[ev]1 our int5tion to vie ) ! mis]able cunn+ ( y\r enemies--enemies ( ! fai?--( t v fai? :i* !y pr(ess to v5]ate4 ,b plac$1 z x is our =tune1 by y\r side1 & see+ ! malignity ( ^? :o attack y1 & ! disloyal "* ( _! attacks1 we feel b\nd to ga!r ourselves at ! foot ( y\r tw(old ?rone1 ) v[s = ! integrity ( y\r indep5d5t sov]eignty2 & once m (f]+ y our :ole selves1 too happy if ?is manife/ation ( our fidelity may sweet5 ! bitt]ness ) :i* y\r ,hol9ess is afflict$1 & if y are pleas$ to accept our (f]+s4 ,?us may ,europe1 deceiv$ by s _m p]v]se writ+s1 be ?or\ghly conv9c$ t if ! nobility h hi!rto be5 re/ra9$ f ! expression ( _! desires by respect & ! fe> ( ?r[+ any ob/acle 9 ! way ( a happy solution1 s anxi\sly desir$1 !y h n ! less reta9$ !m1 & express$ !m z individuals2 & t !y1 ?is day1 unite to decl>e !m1 he>tily & s9c]ely pl$g+ to !m be=e all ! _w _! honor & _! fai?4 8,accept1 ,holy ,fa!r1 ,pontiff & ,k+1 ?is en]getic prote/ & ! unlimit$ devot$ness :i* ! nobles ( ,rome (f] 9 rev]5ce to y\r ,sceptre1 no less ?an to y\r ,pa/oral /aff40--7,9 ! ,weekly ,regi/] ( ,janu>y #bh1 #ahfj1 f ! ,giornale di ,roma47 ,! l loyal & patriotic feel+ 0 manife/$ ?r\gh\t all ! cities & prov9ces ( ! ,papal ,/ates4 ,"o ( ! mo/ em95t ( lib]al ,briti% /atesm51 ! ,m>quis ( ,normanby1 be>s witness to ! fact t v few ( ! citiz5s ( ,bologna c\ld be compell$1 ev5 at ! po9t ( ! sword1 to express adh]5ce to ! revolution4 ,a portion ( ! p]iodical press labor$ to keep su* facts z ^! out ( view4 ,b !y w\ld h requir$ bett] evid5ce ?an !y 7 ev] able to produce 9 ord] to conv9ce reasonable & reflect+ m5 t p1 bless$ ) s great a degree ( mat]ial prosp]ity z ! subjects ( ! ,pope & ! o!r ,pr9ces ( ,italy1 7 anxi\s to see radical *anges introduc$ into ! gov]nm5ts "u :i* !y 7 s favor$4 ,t !y 7 highly prosp]\s & b slightly tax$1 _m di/+ui%$ travell]s1 memb]s ( bo? h\ses ( ! ,briti% p>liam5t1 & o!rs be> witness4 ,none w "q ! evid5ce ( ^! facts :i* are kn[n on ! au?ority ( su* m5 z ! ,m>quis ( ,normanby & 8 ,excell5cy ! ,e>l ( ,c>lisle4 ,! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,pope ,h5nessey /at$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons3 8,t ! national prosp]ity ( ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur* & ( ,au/ria _h become great]1 ye> aft] ye>1 ?an t ( ,s>d9ia 7:]e a sort ( revolution>y con/itution _h be5 e/abli%$71 & t docum5ts exi/$ 9 ! ,=eign ,(fice1 9 ! %ape ( reports f our own consuls1 :i* prov$ x1 ) respect to comm]cial int]e/s 9 ,s>d9ia4 ,mr4 ,ersk9e1 our m9i/] at ,tur91 9 a despat* ( ,janu>y #g1 #ahef1 gave a v unfavorable view ( ! manufactur+1 m9+ & agricultural progress ( ,s>d9ia4 ,b f ,v5etia1 ,mr4 ,elliott gave a p]fectly opposite view1 %[+ t great progress 0 be+ made !re4 ,! %ipp+ trade ( ,s>d9ia ) ,engl& _h decl9$ #b1jjj tons4 ,b ! ,briti% trade ) ,ancona _h increas$ #ba1jjj tons1 & ) ,v5ice #be1jjj tons1 9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ two ye>s4 ,he attribut$ ^! results to ! increase ( taxation 9 ,s>d9ia1 ?r\gh ! introduction ( ! con/itutional 7! ,s>d9ian in/itutional7 sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 & to ! comp>atively easy taxation ( ,v5etia4 ,! increas$ taxation ( ,s>d9ia f #ahdg to #aheg 0 no less ?an #ej1jjj1jjj francs4 ,) respect to education 9 ! ,papal ,/ates1 he cont5d$ t x 0 m diffus$ ?an x 0 9 ?is c\ntry--,great ,brita940 ,9 c\ntries t 7 s prosp]\s1 e man lit]ally 8sitt+ "u 8 own v9e & 8 own fig-tree10 x is difficult to believe t !re 0 wide-spread discont5t & a g5]al desire = radical *anges4 ,to prove t !re 01 x w\ld h requir$ evid5ce ( no ord9>y weight4 ,all te/imony t c be reli$ on %[s a v diff]5t /ate ( feel+4 ,"l ,john ,russell1 9 8 too memorable ,ab]de5 spee*1 gave expression to an op9ion :i*1 ?r\gh ! labors ( ! newspap] press1 _h become v preval5t 9 ,engl&1 t 8"u _! provisional revolution>y gov]nm5ts ! p ( ,c5tral ,italy _h conduct$ !mselves ) p]fect ord]1 j z if !y _h be5 ! citiz5s ( a c\ntry t _h long enjoy$ free in/itutions40 ,! ,m>quis ( ,normanby1 9 8 place 9 ! ,briti% ,h\se ( ,pe]s1 made reply to ?is allegation37#e7 8,i %\ld l to "k :]e ! noble ,"l f\nd t in=mation4 ,!re is n 9 ,c5tral ,italy a s+le gov]nm5t t has result$ f popul> election4 ,!y 7 all nam$ by ,pi$mont--:i* _h1 z x 71 pack$ ! c>ds4 ,lib]ty ( spee* !re 0 none1 nor lib]ty ( ! press1 nor p]sonal lib]ty4444 ,! ,gr& ,du*ess ( ,p>ma 0 expell$ by a ,pi$montese army1 & re/or$ by ! spontane\s call ( h] p4 ,%e left ! c\ntry1 decl>+ t %e w\ld suff] ev]y?+ soon] ?an expose h] subjects to ! horrors ( civil w>4444 ,numb]less atrocities h be5 committ$ "u ! rule ( ^! gov]nm5ts :i*1 accord+ to my noble fri5d1 are s wise & ord]ly4 ,i read to y ! fir/ day ( ?is session ! lett] ( a ,tuscan1 ^: "* is irreproa*able4 ,s9ce t "t ,i h receiv$ f him ano!r lett]1 9 :i* he says3 #8,y w n be surpris$ to le>n t my lett] to y has be5 ! occasion ( ! co>se/ invectives4 ,= :at reason ,i _c tell1 if x 0 n because x spoke ! tru?4' 8,"h is a second lett]1 :i* ,i receiv$ a few days ago f an ,engli% m]*ant ( ! highe/ /&+ at ,leghorn3 #8,no int]v5tion is all[$ 9 ,tuscany2 & nev]!less1 my ,"l1 int]v5tion appe>s ev]y:]e2 ev5 arm$ & =eign int]v5tion4 ,! gov]nor-g5]al is a ,pi$montese2 ! m9i/] ( w> is a ,pi$montese2 ! comm&] ( ! arm$ police is a ,pi$montese2 ! milit>y gov]nor ( ,leghorn is a ,pi$montese2 ! capta9 ( ! port is a ,pi$montese2 )\t reckon+ a great numb] ( o!r function>ies ( ! same nation4 ,?is is :at ,i call arm$ & =eign int]v5tion4 ,let u be disemb>rass$ ( all ?is2 let u be free f ! despotic pressure ( ?is gov]nm5t1 & ! great majority ( ! c\ntry w\ld vote ! re/oration ( ! ,h\se ( ,lorra9e4 ,almo/ all ! army w\ld be = ! ,gr& ,duke1 & on ?is acc\nt x is kept at a di/ance f ,tuscany4 ,i c say ! same ( two-?irds ( ! national gu>d4 ,all ! ,great ,p[]s h obs]v$ /rict neutrality "h1 inasmu* z !y h n be5 pres5t at any c]emony :i* c\ld be look$ ^u z a recognition ( ! exi/+ gov]nm5t4 ,b s9ce ! peace ( ,villafranca1 ! ,engli% ag5ts h tak5 "p 9 all ! c]emonies1 9 all ! balls4' ,assur$ly1 ?us to recognize su* a gov]nm5t is f> f be+ fai?ful to ! assurance giv5 la/ session by ! noble ,"l at ! head ( ! =eign dep>tm5t 7*e]s740 ,"l ,normanby's tru/wor?y correspond5t says1 moreov]1 9 ! lett] ref]r$ to1 t ! ,tuscan troops be+ kept at a di/ance f ,tuscany1 ! p dread$ mak+ any demon/ration1 be+ well aw>e t an imprud5t ^w w\ld be puni%$ ) imprisonm5t4 8,at ,leghorn1 h[ev]1 "s private meet+s 7 held1 at :i* influ5tial p]sons 7 pres5t4 ,public meet+s are impossible4 ,tw5ty-?ree memb]s ( ! assembly ask$ t x %\ld be conv5$4 ,?is 0 refus$ !m4 ,at ! private meet+s1 h[ev]1 x 0 decid$ t ,f]d9& ,,iv4 %\ld be recall$1 on condition ( grant+ a con/itution & an amne/y4 ,! p h be5 dreadfully deceiv$4 ,all promises h be5 violat$1 ! price ( provisions has ris51 ! national debt has be5 enorm\sly increas$40 ,"l ,normanby also laid be=e ! ,h\se ( ,pe]s ! te/imony ( a di/+ui%$ ,italian writ]1 ,signor ,amp]i1 :om he describ$ z a man ( high "*4 ,?is g5tleman address$ ! gov]nm5ts ( ,c5tral ,italy 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 8,! false position 9 :i* y h plac$ y\rselves has r$uc$ y to ! necessity1 9 times ( lib]ty1 z y pret5d1 b ( false lib]ty1 z ,i conceive1 to make falsehood a sy/em ( gov]nm5t4 ,( ! promises ( ,victor ,emmanuel t he w\ld su/a9 be=e ! ,great ,p[]s ! vote ( ! ,tuscan ,assembly1 y h made a =mal accept+ = himself ( ?is vote1 &1 9 ord] to deceive ! ignorant multitude1 y ord]$ public rejoic+s 9 honor ( a fact :i* y knew to be false4 ,y decl>$ y\rselves ! m9i/]s ( a k+ :o _h n appo9t$ y4 ,y adm9i/] ! gov]nm5t 9 8 "n2 y give judgm5ts 9 8 "n2 y pl$ge ! public fai? ( a sov]eign :o has giv5 y no commission to d any su* ?+2 & al?\gh y =c$ ! ,tuscans to ackn[l$ge him = k+1 y despise 8 au?ority to su* an ext5t z to impose ^u him ! *oice ( a reg5t4 ,:at "r h y to d ?is1 if he be really k+1 & if he be n1 is y\r "r any bett] f\nd$80 ,! ,m>quis ( ,normanby laughs to scorn ! v>i\s attempts t 7 made to e/abli% a gov]nm5t 9 ,c5tral ,italy aga9/ ! w ( ! p4 ,fir/ ( all1 a c]ta9 ,signor ,buoncompagni 0 appo9t$ gov]nor-g5]al by ! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia4 ,! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5* judg$ t ! ambiti\s satrap _h exce$$ 8 p[]s1 & ,buoncompagni 0 imm$iately recall$4 ,! ,pr9ce de ,c>ignan 0 !n (f]$ ! reg5cy ( ,c5tral ,italy4 ,he ?\ght x prud5t to decl9e2 b1 unwill+ :olly to rel9qui% a *]i%$ object ( ambition1 he nam$ 9 8 place ! above-m5tion$ ,signor ,buoncompagni4 ,x w\ld be h>d to say 9 virtue ( :at "r he s act$4 ,! appo9tm5t1 x is well kn[n1 caus$ ! greate/ indignation at ,flor5ce1 & elicit$ a prote/ f ! lib]al repres5tatives !mselves4 ,w x be believ$1 9 aft] times1 t ! ,briti% m9i/ry1 at t "t 9 p[]1 actually recogniz$ ?is spuri\s gov]nm5t1 ord]+ ! ,que5's repres5tative to pay an (ficial visit to ,signor ,buoncompagni8 ,:il/ all ,europe held alo(1 anxi\s to avoid wrong & insult to ! ,italian p1 :5ce ?is zeal & ha/e on ! "p ( ! ,briti% cab9et8 ,at fir/ !y _h resolv$ to be neutral4 ,b !re occurr$ to !m ! *im]ical idea ( a great k+dom ( ,c5tral ,italy2 &1 z ,"l ,normanby /at$1 !y ha/5$ 9 _! ignorance to c>ry ?is idea into effect4 8,yes10 cont9u$ ! illu/ri\s ,pe]1 :5 assail$ by ! laught] ( ! m ignorant portion ( 8 he>]s1 8yes1 9 complete ignorance ( ! aspirations & ! prejudices ( ! ,italian p40 8,x is a pa9ful duty10 said ! illu/ri\s /atesman1 9 conclud+ 8 eloqu5t appeal to ! common s5se & honorable feel+ ( ! ,briti% pe]age1 8to h to dispel ! illusions ( public op9ion 9 reg>d to ,italy4 ,i h endeavor$ to fulfil ?is duty by lay+ be=e y in=mation t c be reli$ on2 & ,i h ! pleasure to obs]ve t light is n[ beg9n+ to p5etrate ! d>kness :i* has hi!rto envelop$ ?is "q4 ,!re is already a great] *ance t ,italian indep5d5ce w be e/abli%$ on a m legitimate basis1 free f all =eign int]v5tion1 & 9 su* a way z to favor ! cause ( fidelity1 ( tru?1 ( honor & g5]al ord] 7*e]s740 ,if !re 7 no =eign int]v5tion1 x 0 long ! fa%ion ) c]ta9 p>ties to say1 we %\ld soon see ! end ( ,papal rule1 z well z t ( all ! o!r sov]eignties ( ,italy4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 7 n ! views ( ! great majority ( ! ,italian p4 ,x has be5 satisfactorily prov$1 ^? p !mselves be+ ! witnesses1 t su* ( !m z 7 subjects ( ! ,pope1 f> f be+ discont5t$ & anxi\s to d away ) ! gov]nm5t :i* 0 set ov] !m1 & sub/itute = x ei!r a republic or a =eign mon>*y1 highly appreciat$ & 7 /eadfa/ly devot$ to ! wise & pat]nal rule ( _! ,pontiff ,sov]eign4 ,! subjects ( ! o!r ,italian ,pr9ces1 z well z ! inhabitants ( ! revolutioniz$ portion ( ! ,papal ,/ates1 7 only prev5t$ by ! arm$ int]v5tion ( =eign ,p[]s f decl>+ 9 favor ( _! rightful sov]eigns4 ,!re is no pret5sion to d5y t !re 7 re=m]s & con/itutionali/s 9 ^? ,/ates4 ,( _! numb] ! ,pope himself 0 "o4 ,b ! well-in=m$ & intellectual ,italians 7 n ignorant t all re=ms mu/ be ! fruit ( "t & ( op9ion1 & t "u ! sway ( enlight5$ & b5evol5t sov]eigns1 aid$ by ! le>n+ & wise c\nsel ( able & consci5ti\s /atesm51 su* *anges1 9 matt]s ( civil polity1 z 7 adapt$ to ! wants ( ! p w\ld n h be5 delay$ beyond ! "t :5 circum/ances call$ = & ju/ifi$ _! adoption4 7,m#fg7 ,all eyes 7 turn$ t[>ds ! victor ( ,solf]9o1 :o 0 ! absolute ma/] ( ! situation4 ,:at w\ld he d8 ,w\ld he all[ to be violat$ ! def9itive treaty :i* 8 ,pl5ipot5ti>ies 7 actually complet+ at ,zuri*8 ,napoleon ,,iii4 did positively no?+4 ,he repeat$ 9 ! treaty ! /ipulations 9 favor ( ! dispossess$ sov]eigns1 j z if ! pret5d$ plebiscitums 7 null1 & he _h no k ( !m4 ,he quietly p]mitt$ ^! plebiscitums to take effect ) all _! consequ5ces1 q ! same z if ! treaty _h nev] exi/$4 ,au/ria saw ! treaty execut$1 z reg>d$ e sacrifice to :i* %e _h cons5t$1 & n )\t pa91 t x 0 set aside 9 all ! po9ts :i* set a limit to ^? sacrifices4 ,b ,au/ria 0 n ! /ronge/ ,p[]4 ,pi$mont1 mean:ile1 adhibit$ h] signature )\t w9c+ "u ^? ( ,france & ,au/ria4 ,?us1 z ,mgr4 ,pie ( ,poiti]s decl>$1 ! *ur* 0 depriv$ ( all human /ay4 ,su* a /ate ( ?+s 0 n witness$ )\t emotion4 ,ev5 9 ! frivol\s society ( ,france a *ange _h tak5 place s9ce ! days ( ! great revolution4 ,ca?olic s5tim5t _h ga9$ among ! lett]$ classes4 ,! de?ronem5t ( ,pius ,,vi4 _h pass$ unnotic$1 l t ( an ord9>y sov]eign4 ,t ( ,pius ,,vii4 _h excit$ only "s isolat$ animadv]sions4 ,t ( ,pius ,,ix4 rais$ /orms ( prote/ation on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r ?und]s ( applause4 ,"o p>ty s hat$ ! ,papacy z to become traitors to _! c\ntry1 & b9d !mselves ) a sort ( wild en?usiasm1 fir/ to ! c> ( ,italian unity1 aft]w>ds to t ( ,g]many4 ,!y :o ?\ght o!rwise c>ri$ _! love ( ! imp]ill$ in/itution to su* an ext5t z to =get all _! calculations1 all _! political alliances1 & to incur freely ! displeasure ( m5 9 p[]1 ev5 to sacrifice ! favor ( ! multitude1 favor :i* 0 n less valuable 9 times ( univ]sal suffrage ?an t ( p[]4 ,! ,roman "q became ! inexhau/ible subject ( public discussions & private conv]sations4 ,x sometimes ev5 occasion$ family qu>rels1 & 0 a try+ ordeal = long-e/abli%$ fri5d%ips4 ,su* extraord9>y emotion on acc\nt ( an idea--an ab/raction1 z x 0 call$ by ! indiff]5t1 :o took "p ) nei!r "o side nor ! o!r--%[$ t society 0 n yet corrod$ to ! core by selfi%ness & purely mat]ial int]e/s4 ,x 0 sick1 inde$1 b f> f dead4 ,! ,fr5* gov]nm5t ought1 surely1 at ! outset1 to h tak5 w>n+4 ,x ought to h le>n$ some?+ f ! unanimity ) :i* all ! enemies ( ord]1 :o 7 also its enemies1 support$ its new policy1 & ! unanimity1 n less rem>kable1 ) :i* religi\s p :o1 g5]ally1 _h be5 its fri5ds1 combat$ t policy4 ,bo? lib]al & ultramontane ,ca?olics1 ,prote/ants ev51 su*1 at lea/1 z 7 e>ne/ ,*ri/ians1 & practis$ :at !y believ$1 =got _! divisions4 ,! bi%ops 7 ! fir/ :o spoke out4 ,mgr4 de ,p>isis1 :o _h s nobly cont5d$ = ! lib]ties ( ! *ur* 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,philippe1 gave ! keynote1 & all took "p ) him & _! v5]able colleagues ( ,italy & ,g]many1 ( ,irel& & ,spa91 ( ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,to say all 9 a ^w1 ! note ( al>m 0 s\nd$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ext5t ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 ?is magnific5t conc]t 0 he>d ! c\rage\s language ( ,mgr4 ,dupanl\p1 ! le>n$ & illu/ri\s ,bi%op ( ,orleans4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,septemb]1 #ahei1 ?is prelate wrote1 no less boldly ?an eloqu5tly3 8,p say t to t\* ! sov]eign is n to t\* ! ,pontiff4 ,c]ta9ly 8 temporal p[] is n a div9e in/itution2 :o does n "k ?is8 ,b x is a provid5tial in/itution1 & :o is ignorant ( ! fact8 ,d\btless1 dur+ ?ree c5turies1 ! ,popes only possess$ indep5d5ce en\gh to die m>tyrs2 b !y assur$ly _h a "r to ano!r sort ( indep5d5ce2 & provid5ce1 :i* does n always use miracles = its purpose1 end$ by f\nd+ on ! mo/ lawful sov]eignty 9 ,europe ! fre$om & ! indep5d5ce necess>y to ! *ur*4 ,hi/ory proves x beyond ! possibility ( d\bt2 all em95t intellects h confess$ x2 all true /atesm5 "k x4 ,yes1 t ! *ur* may be free1 ! ,pope mu/ be free & indep5d5t4 ,t indep5d5ce mu/ be sov]eign4 ,! ,pope mu/ be free1 & he mu/ be evid5tly s4 ,! ,pope mu/ be free 9 8 own int]ior z well z 9 8 ext]ior gov]nm5t4 ,?is mu/ be s1 = ! sake ( 8 own dignity 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! *ur* z well z = ! security ( our own consci5ces4 ,?is mu/ be s1 9 ord] to secure to ! common p>5t ( all ! fai?ful t neutrality :i* is indisp5sable to him amid ! frequ5t w>s betwe5 ,*ri/ian ,p[]s4 ,! ,pope mu/ n only be free 9 8 own consci5ce1 9 8 own int]ior1 b x mu/ be evid5t to all t he is s2 he mu/ %[ himself to be s1 9 ord] t all may "k & believe x1 & t no d\bt or suspicion be possible on ?is subject4 ,b1 say ! ,italian revolutioni/s1 we d n propose to d away ) ! ,papal sov]eignty2 we m]ely wi% to limit & re/ra9 x4 ,& :y s1 ,i ask y 9 my turn1 if !reby y also dim9i% & debase ! honor ( ! ,ca?olic religion1 its dignity & indep5d5ce8 ,:y d s1 if !reby y l[] & degrade ! mo/ ,italian sov]eignty ( ! :ole p59sula8 ,:y1 m especially1 d s n[1 9 pres5ce ( all ^! un*a9$ evil passions1 & !reby give aga9/ ! ,holy ,see a s5t5ce ( incapacity1 & ?us1 9 ! eyes ( ,*ri/5dom1 insult t un>m$ & oppress$ ,maje/y8 ,y say he w only lose ! ,romagna & ! ,legations4 ,b all[ me to ask y by :at "r y take !m8 ,& :y n take all ! re/1 if y please8 ,:y1 9 y\r dreams ( ,italian unity1 %\ld o!r ,italian cities f>e o!rwise ?an ,bologna & ,f]r>a8 ,:y h y n made up y\r m9ds to take ev]y?+ outside ( ,rome1 ) ! g>d5 ( ! ,vatican8 ,y h said ?is1 y "k4 ,b :y leave him1 ev5 9 ,rome8 ,:y %\ld n ,dioclesian & ! catacombs be ! be/ ( all gov]nm5ts = ! *ur*8 ,:]e are y go+8 ,h[ f> w y\r dete/able pr9ciples lead y8 ,at lea/1 tell u cle>ly8 ,is ?is a clev] calculation ( y\rs8 &1 n d>+ to d m at pres5t1 or unable to d m1 are y wait+ = "t & ! viol5ce ( ev5ts to accompli% ! re/8 ,b :o1 ?9k y1 is to be deceiv$ by y8 ,mu/ we say1 ) ! highe/ organ ( ! ,engli% press1 t 9 ! pres5t bus9ess ,france is aggressive & insidi\s8 ,i d n admit t our c\ntry is will+ to play ! "p design$ = h]4 ,su* calculations are n suit$ to ,fr5* g5]osity4 ,= my "p1 ,i prote/1 ) my :ole s\l1 aga9/ ! p]fidi\s int5tions t we are suppos$ to ent]ta94 ,b1 9 conclud+1 ,i mu/ prote/1 /ill m solemnly1 z a devot$ son ( ! ,holy ,roman ,*ur*1 ! "m & tea*] ( all o!rs--,i prote/ aga9/ ! revolution>y impiety :i* ignores h] rights & w\ld fa9 /eal h] patrimony4 ,i prote/1 9 ! "n ( good s5se & honor1 indignant at behold+ an ,italian ,sov]eign ,p[] become ! accomplice ( insurrection & revolt1 & at ! conspiracy ( s _m bl9d & unreason+ passions aga9/ ! pr9ciples proclaim$ & pr(ess$ ?r\gh\t ! _w by all great /atesm5 & politicians4 ,i prote/1 9 ! "n ( common dec5cy & ,european law1 aga9/ ?is pr(anation ( all t is mo/ augu/1 aga9/ ! brutal passions :i* h inspir$ acts ( inconceivable c[>dice4 ,& if ,i mu/ speak out1 ,i prote/1 9 ! "n ( good fai?1 aga9/ ?is re/less & ill-disguis$ ambition1 ^? evasive answ]s1 t disloyal policy1 ( :i* we h ! sadd5+ spectacle be=e our eyes40 ,^! burn+ words ( ! em95t & patriotic ,fr5* bi%op mu/ h pi]c$ ! s\l ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,to any o!r man1 at lea/1 an ,ors9i %ell w\ld h be5 less t]rible4 ,b1 8,p]v]si difficillime corriguntur40 ,no reproa*es1 h[ev] sev]e & well des]v$1 no remon/rance1 h[ev] well f\nd$1 c\ld move ! ,fr5* ,emp]or4 ,a great] p[] ?an t ( words _h impell$ him t[>ds ! evil c\rses :i* ! great majority ( ! ,fr5* nation1 toge!r ) ! :ole ,ca?olic _w1 condemn$4 ,! bi%ops1 mean:ile1 cont9u$ to prote/4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,s5s1 ,mellon-,jolly1 d>$ to say1 9 acc5ts ( sorr[3 8,ev5ts1 alas6 are f> beyond all t we fe>$40 ,de ,prilly1 ,bi%op ( ,*alons1 ,dean ( ! ,fr5* ,episcopate1 ?us wrote a few days be=e 8 dea?3 8,ah6 :o des]v$ less ?an ,pius ,,ix4 to be attack$ by s _m enemies6 ,if ! te>s :i* he %$s are s bitt] = himself1 !y are t]rible to ^? :o cause !m6 ,a poor bi%op1 at ! po9t ( dea?1 s assures him & craves 8 b5$iction40 ,! expir+ prelate1 "o w\ld say1 _h =ese5 ! humiliation ( ,s$an4 ,! c\rage\s language ( ! bi%ops 0 s mu* fe>$ t x 0 ?\ght necess>y to sil5ce !m4 ,napoleon1 hav+ endeavor$ 9 va9 to remove _! disquietude by r5ew+ 8 holl[ prote/ations1 d5\nc$ !m z viol5t agitators1 ab&on$ !m to ! je]s ( ! infidel press1 = :i* alone !re 0 lib]ty 9 ^? days1 & f9ally =bade all j\rnals :atsoev] to publi% episcopal writ+s t bore any relation to ! ,roman "q4 ,?us did he ?9k to escape ! dang] ) :i* he 0 ?reat5$ by sil5c+ ! tongues :i* w>n$ him4 ,! le>n$ ,c>d9al ,donnet1 s celebrat$ z a !ologian1 n[ %[$ ! abilities ( a diplomati/4 ,:5 ,napoleon ,,iii4 0 at ,bordeaux1 on ! #aa? ,octob]1 #ahei1 ! c>d9al1 ^: duty x 0 to complim5t ! ,emp]or z 8 sov]eign1 fail$ n at ! same "t to remon/rate aga9/ 8 tortu\s policy4 8,we pray10 said ! pi\s c>d9al1 8we pray confid5tly1 p]si/5tly1 & ) hope :i* nei!r deplorable ev5ts nor sacrilegi\s acts ( viol5ce ext+ui%$4 ,our hopes1 ! realization ( :i* appe>s to be s remote1 are f\nd$ on y\rself1 sire1 next to ,god4 ,y 7 & y /ill desire to be ! olde/ son ( ! *ur*1 & x _c be =gott5 t y spoke ! memorable words3 #8,! temporal sov]eignty ( ! v5]able head ( ! *ur* is intimately connect$ ) ! lu/re ( ,ca?olicism1 z also ) ! lib]ty & indep5d5ce ( ,italy4' ,gr& idea6 p]fectly 9 h>mony ) t ( ! augu/ ,*ief ( y\r dyna/y1 :o said 9 reg>d to ! temporal p[] ( ! ,popes3 #8,! c5turies made x1 & !y did well4' 0 ,! only reply ( ! all-p[]ful ,emp]or 0 a refusal to reply4 8,i _c "h10 he said1 8discuss all ! weighty matt]s1 ! developm5t ( :i* w\ld be requir$ by ! s]i\s "q to :i* y h allud$4 ,s ,i conf9e myself to rem9d+ y t ! gov]nm5t :i* re/or$ ! ,holy ,fa!r to 8 ?rone c only give him c\nsel inspir$ by s9c]e & respectful devot$ness to 8 int]e/s4 ,b he is anxi\s1 & n )\t cause1 z to ! "t1 :i* _c be f> di/ant1 :5 our troops mu/ evacuate ,rome4 ,= ,europe _c all[ ! occupation1 :i* has already la/$ t5 ye>s1 to be prolong$ = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,b :5 our army %all be )drawn1 :at w be left beh9d8 ,^! are que/ions ( ! importance ( :i* none are ignorant4 ,b1 believe me1 9 ord] to solve !m1 we mu/1 consid]+ ! age 9 :i* we live1 avoid appeal+ to ard5t passions1 calmly seek tru?1 & pray ,div9e ,provid5ce to enlight5 bo? peoples & k+s1 9 ord] t !y may wisely use _! rights & fully dis*>ge _! duties40 ,f ^! la/ words ! ,emp]or appe>$ to h =got t :5 !re are duties to be fulfill$ pray] alone w n suffice4 ,8 spee* at ! op5+ ( ! legislative session1 #g? ,m>*1 #ahfj1 %[$ t ei!r irresi/ible illusion or a =egone conclusion ( complicity guid$ 8 ,italian policy4 ,he accus$ ! ,ca?olics ( becom+ excit$ )\t gr\nds1 & ( +ratitude t[>ds him4 ,! logic ( ev5ts1 s pla9 to all besides1 0 a dead lett] to ! imp]ial m9d1 bl9d$ z x 0 by ! habit ( d>k manuvres4 8,i _c pass unnotic$10 said he1 8! excitem5t ( a portion ( ! ,ca?olic _w4 ,x has accept$1 )\t reflection1 errone\s impressions1 all[$ itself to become passionately al>m$4 ,! pa/ :i* ought to h be5 a gu>antee = ! future has be5 s ignor$1 & s]vices r5d]$ s =gott51 t pr(\nd conviction1 absolute confid5ce 9 ! public good s5se1 0 necess>y = me1 9 ord] to pres]ve1 amid ! agitation :i* 0 indu/ri\sly occasion$1 t s]5ity ( m9d :i* alone ma9ta9s u 9 ! way ( tru?40 7,m#fh7 ,mean:ile1 a ,congress = settl+ ! difficulties ( ,italy 0 ann\nc$4 ,?is ,congress 0 to be compos$ ( all ! great ,european ,p[]s--( ,france1 ^: gov]nm5t _h no good w2 ( ,au/ria1 :i* _h n ! p[] to cause ! treaty ( ,zuri* to be put 9 execution2 ( s*ismatical ,russia2 ( ,prote/ant ,prussia1 & ( ,prote/ant ,engl&1 :i* favor$ revolution s long z x kept at a di/ance f its own doors4 ,pius ,,ix4 beheld 9 x _m causes ( disquietude4 ,nev]!less1 he accept$ ! congress4 ,! public 7 discuss+1 & n )\t impati5ce1 ! names ( ! presum$ negotiators1 :5 !re appe>$ on ! #bb;d ( ,decemb]1 #ahei1 a new pamphlet :i*1 l ! =m]1 0 anonym\s1 & 0 ascrib$ z x also _h be51 to an au?or :o 0 9 too high a position to app5d 8 signature4 ,its title 01 8,! ,pope & ! ,congress40 ,x ab\nd$ 9 high s\nd+ words1 & 0 full ( contradictions f beg9n+ to end4 ,x demon/rat$1 inde$1 t ! temporal p[] ( ! ,pope 0 an ess5tial gu>antee ( 8 spiritual indep5d5ce1 b t ?is p[] c\ld only be ex]cis$ )9 t]ritorial limits ( v small ext5t1 :i* c\ld n enable him to su/a9 himself1 :il/1 nev]!less1 8 dignity & ! g5]al int]e/ =bade him to seek =eign int]v5tion4 ,! pamphlet conclud$ by insi/+ t ! ,pope ought to beg9 by giv+ up all claim to ,romagna1 & s prep>e = c$+1 a little lat]1 ! re/ ( 8 /ates1 :5 he w\ld be satisfi$ to hold ! ,vatican ) a g>d5 ar\nd x1 & receive a magnific5t sal>y provid$ by all ! ,ca?olic ,p[]s4 ,hundr$s ( pamphlets & articles 9 ! ,ca?olic j\rnals appe>$ 9 reply to ?is anonym\s writ+4 ,!y prov$ t ! propos$ arrangem5t w\ld subject ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* to ! caprice ( ! ,p[]s1 & !n enquir$ :at security he w\ld h aga9/ ^? :o 7 8 securities1 especially at a "t l ! pres5t1 :5 ! anci5t law ( nations1 :i* 0 f\nd$ on respect = ! weak & sworn fai?1 is suppress$ by ! revolution1 & ! reason ( ! /ronge/ is ! only "o att5d$ to2 :5 ! mo/ solemn treaties are violat$ ) impunity by ^? :o h sign$ !m1 & z soon z !y h sign$ !m4 ,! bi%ops rais$ _! voice anew4 ,!y /at$ ) sorr[ t ! pamphlet decid$ 9 favor ( ! revolution4 ,b ! bolde/ condemnation proce$$ f ,rome itself4 ,! ,popes1 x is well kn[n1 hesitate n to use ! prop] t]ms :5 !re is "q ( /igmatiz+ iniquity4 ,no matt] ?\gh !y be at ! m]cy ( ^? :om !y br&1 !y def9e ea* error & ea* act ( inju/ice ) ! same precision z 9 writ+ a !ological !sis4 ,pius ,,ix41 :o 0 mildness itself1 m ?an once />tles ! delicate e> by ! lib]ty ( 8 language1 s diff]5t f ! m9c$ & (t5 ambigu\s /yle ( diplomacy4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,decemb]1 ! (ficial j\rnal ( ,rome publi%$ ! foll[+ note3 8,!re appe>$ lately at ,p>is an anonym\s pamphlet1 entitl$1 #8,! ,pope & ! ,congress4' ,?is pamphlet is no?+ else ?an homage paid to ! revolution--an insidi\s !sis address$ to ^? weak m9ds :o h no sure crit]ium by :i* !y c detect ! poison :i* x holds conceal$1 & a subject ( sorr[ to all good ,ca?olics4 ,! argum5ts conta9$ 9 ?is writ+ are only a reproduction ( ! errors & outrages s (t5 hurl$ aga9/ ! ,holy ,see1 & s (t5 victori\sly refut$4 ,if x 0 ! object ( ! au?or1 p]*ance1 to intimidate him :om he ?reat5s ) su* great disa/]s1 he c re/ assur$ t he :o has "r on 8 side1 :o seeks no o!r support ?an ! solid & immovable f\ndations ( ju/ice1 & :o is su/a9$ especially by ! protection ( ! ,k+ ( k+s1 has c]ta9ly no?+ to fe> f ! sn>es ( m540 ,on #a/ ,janu>y1 #ahfj1 ,pius ,,ix41 9 8 reply to ! complim5t>y address ( ,g5]al ,goyon1 :o comm&$ ! ,fr5* milit>y at ,rome1 *>act]iz$ ! pamphlet z 8a signal monum5t ( hypocrisy1 & an unwor?y tissue ( contradictions40 ,! ,holy ,fa!r fur!r obs]v$1 be=e express+ 8 good wi%es = ! ,emp]or1 ! ,empress1 ! ,pr9ce ,imp]ial1 & all ,france1 t ! pr9ciples enunciat$ 9 ! pamphlet 7 condemn$ by sev]al pap]s :i* 8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y _h "s "t be=e be5 s good z to s5d to him4 ,a few days lat] ! ,moniteur publi%$ a lett] ( ! ,emp]or to ! ,pope1 dat$ #ca/ ,decemb]1 #ahei1 9 :i* ! =m] r5ews 8 hypocritical expressions ( devot$ness1 b admits1 at ! same "t1 t 8not)/&+ ! pres5ce ( 8 troops at ,rome1 & 8 dutiful affection to ! ,holy ,see1 he c\ld n avoid a c]ta9 p>tn]%ip 9 ! effects ( ! national movem5t provok$ 9 ,italy by ! w> aga9/ ,au/ria40 ,9 ?is same lett] ,napoleon ,,iii4 rem9ds ! ,pontiff1 t at ! conclusion ( ! w> he _h recomm5d$1 z ! be/ means ( ma9ta9+ tranquillity1 ! secul>ization ( 8 gov]nm5t1 & he /ill believes t1 8if1 at t "t1 8 ,hol9ess _h cons5t$ to an adm9i/rative sep>ation ( ! ,romagna1 & ! nom9ation ( a lay gov]nor1 ! prov9ces w\ld h come1 once m1 "u 8 au?ority40 ,:at1 !n1 c\ld ! p h meant :5 !y petition$1 on occasion ( ! ,pope's progress1 to h a c>d9al = gov]nor1 z =m]ly1 & n lay prefects1 z 0 !n ! case1 "u ! regime inaugurat$ by ,pius ,,ix48 ,! ,pope hav+ neglect$ 8 advice1 ,napoleon1 ( c\rse1 0 p[]less to /ay ! tide ( revolution4 8,my ef=ts 7 only successful 9 prev5t+ ! insurrection f spread+1 & ! resignation ( ,g>ibaldi pres]v$ ! m>*es ( ,ancona f c]ta9 invasion40 ,no d\bt x did4 ,b1 z w soon be se51 ?is mod]n crusad] 0 let loose 9 ord] t he might foll[ 8 call+ m vigor\sly1 i4e41 rob & slay on a m ext5sive scale4 ,! ,emp]or n[ approa*es ! subjects ( ! ,congress4 ,9 8 lett] he recognizes ! indisputable "r ( ! ,holy ,see to ! legations4 ,b he does n ?9k x probable t ! ,p[]s w\ld ?9k x prop] to h rec\rse to =ce1 9 ord] to re/ore !m4 ,if ! re/oration 7 effect$ by means ( =eign troops1 x w\ld be necess>y1 = a long "t1 to hold milit>y occupation ( ^! prov9ces2 & ?is w\ld only fe$ ! enmities & hatr$ ( ! ,italian p4 ,?is /ate ( unc]ta9ty _c always la/4 ,:at !n is to be done8 ,! ,imp]ial revolutioni/ concludes1 express+ ! mo/ s9c]e regret1 & ! pa9 :i* su* a solution gives him1 t ! way mo/ 9 h>mony ) ! int]e/s ( ! ,holy ,see is t x %\ld sacrifice ! revolt$ prov9ces4 ,= ! la/ fifty ye>s !y h only caus$ emb>rassm5t to ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,if he ask$ ( ! ,p[]s to gu>antee to him1 9 ex*ange = !m1 ! possession ( :at rema9$1 ord]1 he _h no d\bt1 w\ld be imm$iately re/or$4 ,?is lett] left no room to d\bt t ! policy ( ! pamphlet1 8,! ,pope & ! ,congress10 0 t ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,z soon z ?is 0 kn[n ! ,congress became impossible4 ,! ,pope c\ld n agree to delib]ations bas$ ^u ! pr9ciple ( 8 dispossession4 ,au/ria c\ld n be a p>ty to comb9ations :i* remov$ ! bases ( ! treaty ( ,zuri*4 ,?is op9ion 0 express$ by ,c\nt de ,re*b]g1 fir/ ,m9i/] ( ,au/ria1 9 a note ( #ag? ,febru>y1 #ahfj1 & by ,"l ,john ,russell1 9 a despat* to ,"l ,c[ley1 ! ,briti% ,ambassador at ,p>is4 8,! pamphlets are important10 said ! latt] /atesman2 8! result ( ! "o entitl$1 #8,! ,pope & ! ,congress1' is to prev5t a ,congress1 & to cause ! ,pope to be depriv$ ( "o-half ( 8 dom9ions40 ,x 0 n )\t significance t ,m4 ,?\v5el 0 ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs f ! #d? ( ,janu>y4 ,pi$mont und]/ood ?is fact4 ,x caus$ its troops to cross ! ,romagnese fronti]1 :il/ ,m4 de ,cav\r1 triumphant1 affirm$1 9 ! ,pi$montese ,s5ate1 t ! lett] ( ,napoleon ,,iii41 decl>+ t ! temporal sov]eignty 0 n sacr$1 0 a fact z important 9 ! ,italian "q z ! battle ( ,solf]9o4 ,! ,pope's reply to ,napoleon's lett] ( #ca/ ,decemb] is ( "s l5g?4 ,elegant 9 expression1 =cible 9 reason+1 x c only be briefly review$4 8,i am "u ! necessity ( decl>+ to y\r maje/y t ,i _c c$e ! legations )\t violat+ ! oa?s by :i* ,i am b\nd1 )\t caus+ mis=tune & di/urbance 9 ! o!r prov9ces1 )\t do+ wrong & giv+ sc&al to all ,ca?olics1 )\t weak5+ ! rights ( ! sov]eigns ( ,italy1 unju/ly despoil$ ( _! dom9ions1 b also ! sov]eigns ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w1 :o c\ld n see ) indiff]5ce great pr9ciples trampl$ "u foot40 ,! ,emp]or _h insi/$ t ! cession ( ! legations by ! ,pope 0 necess>y1 9 ord] to put an end to ! di/urbances1 :i*1 accord+ to him1 al?\gh he knew t su* di/urbances proce$$ :olly f =eign]s1 _h1 = ! la/ fifty ye>s1 caus$ emb>rassm5t to ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t4 8,:o10 said ! ,pope1 8c\ld c\nt ! revolutions t h occurr$ 9 ,france dur+ ! la/ sev5ty ye>s8 ,& yet1 :o w\ld d>e ma9ta9 t ! great ,fr5* nation is "u ! necessity1 9 ord] to secure ! peace ( ,europe1 to n>r[ ! limits ( ! ,empire8 ,y\r argum5t proves too mu*4 ,s ,i mu/ disc>d x4 ,y\r maje/y is n ignorant by :at p>ties1 ) :at money1 & ) :at support1 7 committ$ ! spoliations ( ,bologna1 ,rav5na1 & o!r cities40 ,! ,imp]ial lett] 0 communicat$ to all ! newspap]s4 ,! reply ( ! ,pope 0 c>efully )held f !m4 ,x only became kn[n 9 ,france1 "s "t lat]1 ?r\gh a ,g]man translation 9 ! ,au/rian ,gazette4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 anxi\s1 meantime1 t ! public %\ld he> bo? sides ( ! "q4 ,he !re=e br\ght to ! k ( ! ,ca?olic _w ! pr9cipal po9ts ( 8 answ] to ,napoleon 9 ! ,encyclical1 nullis c]te v]bis1 ( date #ai? ,janu>y1 9 :i* he decl>$ t he 0 prep>$ to suff] ! la/ extremities r ?an betray ! cause ( ! *ur* & ( ju/ice4 ,he also invit$ all ! bi%ops to jo9 ) him 9 pray+ t ,god w\ld arise & v9dicate 8 cause4 ,! gov]nm5t hav+ in=mation t !re 0 a copy ( ?is docum5t 9 ! h&s ( ! di/+ui%$ ,ca?olic j\rnali/1 ,m4 ,l\is ,veuillot1 ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior1 ,m4 ,billaut1 s5t = ?is c\rage\s writ]1 & gave him to und]/& t if he publi%$ ! ,encyclical x w\ld be ! dea?-w>rant ( 8 j\rnal4 ,b ,m4 ,veuillot 0 n to be intimidat$4 ,next morn+1 #bi? ,janu>y1 !re appe>$ 9 8 pap]1 l',univ]s1 ! ,lat9 text ( ! ,pontifical docum5t1 toge!r ) a ,fr5* translation4 ,! same day1 )\t trial or s5t5ce1 0 sign$ a decree suppress+ l',univ]s4 ,yet 0 n ?is pap] de/9$ :olly to p]i%4 ,t5 ye>s lat] x reappe>$1 :5 ! tyranny ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 0 cru%$ = ev] at ,s$an4 ,sev]al o!r ,ca?olic j\rnals %>$ ! fate ( l',univ]s1 su* z ! ,bretagne1 ( ,sa9t ,brieue1 & ! ,gazette1 ( ,lyons4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,emp]or ?us %[$ by :at _s its c\nsels 7 guid$4 ,all ! ,ca?olic j\rnals ( ,france 7 already "u ! ban ( two w>n+s1 s t !y _h only a prec>i\s exi/5ce1 a ?ird w>n+1 accord+ to ! legislation ( ! "t con/itut+ _! dea?-w>rant4 ,s e>ly z #crd ,decemb]1 #ahei1 :il/ yet a ,congress 0 believ$ to be possible1 ,pius ,,ix4 _h writt5 ) 8 own h& to ,victor ,emmanuel1 9 ord] to rem9d him ( 8 duties1 & induce him to def5d at ! meet+ ( ! ,p[]s ! rights ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,! latt] _h answ]$1 #f? ,febru>y1 #ahfj1 8t he c]ta9ly w\ld n h fail$ 9 ?is duty if ! ,congress _h met40 ,=1 8devot$ son z he 0 ( ! *ur*1 & ! desc5dant ( a mo/ pi\s family1 x nev] 0 8 int5tion to neglect 8 duties z a ,ca?olic ,pr9ce40 ,he prote/$1 !re=e1 t he _h done no?+ to provoke ! insurrection1 & t :5 ! w> 0 end$ he _h r5\nc$ all int]f]5ce 9 ! legations4 ,b he add$1 8x is an ackn[l$g$ fact1 & :i* ,i h p]sonally v]ifi$1 t 9 ^? prov9ces :i*1 lately1 7 s unmanageable & dissatisfi$ ) ! c\rt ( ,rome1 ! m9i/]s ( wor%ip are actually respect$ & protect$1 & ! temples ( ,god m frequ5t$ ?an ev]40 ,victor ,emmanuel surely n[ ?\ght t ! ,pope w\ld nev] ?9k ( di/urb+ ?is happ9ess & self-satisfaction4 8,! int]e/s ( religion requir$ x n40 ,he ev5 hop$ t ! ,holy ,fa!r1 n satisfi$ ) refra9+ f a r5ewal ( 8 claim on ,romagna1 w\ld also h& ov] to him ! m>*es & ,umbria1 9 ord] t !y might enjoy ! same prosp]ity4 ,& s he disc\rs$ anew to ,pius ,,ix41 ab\t 8 8frank & loyal concurr5ce1 8 s9c]e & devot$ he>t10 & end$ by crav+ ! ,holy ,fa!r's apo/olic bless+4 ,! ,k+ ( ,pi$mont mu/ h be5 sadly bl9d$ by revolution>y tea*+s n to see--if1 inde$1 he did n see--t su* pr(essions ( loyalty & devot$ness 7 positively d]isive4 ,pius ,,ix4 s view$ !m1 & gave ! intrigu+ mon>* to und]/& t he did s4 ,! mod]ation ( 8 language is b slightly indicative ( ! sorr[ & indignation :i* he mu/ h exp]i5c$4 8,! idea :i* y\r maje/y has ?\ght fit to lay be=e me is highly imprud5t1 unwor?y1 mo/ assur$ly1 ( a k+ :o is a ,ca?olic & a memb] ( ! h\se ( ,savoy4 ,y may read my reply 9 an ,encyclical :i* w soon appe>4 ,i am deeply affect$1 n on my own acc\nt1 b by ! deplorable /ate ( y\r maje/y's s\l4 ,y are already "u ! ban ( c5sures1 :i*1 alas6 w be aggravat$ :5 ! sacrilegi\s act :i* y & y\r accomplices are m$itat+ %all h be5 consummat$4 ,may ! ,"l enlight5 y & give y grace to und]/& & to bewail ! sc&als :i* h occurr$1 & ! fe>ful evils ) :i* un=tunate ,italy has be5 visit$ ?r\gh y\r co-op]ation40 7,m#fi7 ,ab\t ?is "t diplomati/s discov]$ ! conv5i5t political doctr9e ( non-int]v5tion4 ,x 01 l mo/ diplomatic devices1 a fallacy4 ,b x s]v$ its purpose4 ,! ,ca?olic ,p[]s1 h[ev] fri5dly to ! ,holy ,see1 7 unable to int]v5e4 ,! greate/ ( !m all1 ,au/ria1 0 put hors de combat at ,solf]9o4 ,prussia _h int]v5$1 z f> z its policy requir$1 :5 x =bade fur!r ho/ilities aft] ! great battle :i* made ,france ! mi/ress ( ! de/9ies ( ,italy4 ,engl&1 :i*1 z a ,prote/ant ,p[]1 _h no great fri5d%ip = ! ,holy ,see1 f\nd x suitable to prea* non-int]v5tion1 z an excuse = n be+ able or = n d>+ to aid h] anci5t & fai?ful ally1 ! ,pope1 9 opposition to h] new fri5d1 ! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*4 ,engl&1 at lea/1 0 consi/5t1 =1 :ile %e proclaim$ & practis$ non-int]v5tion 9 favor ( ! ,fr5* ,emp]or's subv]sive int]v5tion 9 ,italy1 %e adh]$ mo/ dev\tly to ! doctr9e :5 !re 0 "q1 a little lat]1 ( aid+ ,france aga9/ ! cru%+ p[] ( ,prussia4 7,m#gj7 ,:il/ ! ,european ,p[]s lay dormant "u ! spell ( ! new doctr9e ( non-int]v5tion1 ! ,k+ ( ,pi$mont vigor\sly pursu$ 8 c>e] ( spoliation4 ,hav+ accept$ a %am plebiscitum1 he annex$1 by a =mal decree ( #ah? ,m>*1 ! ,gr& ,du*y ( ,tuscany1 ! ,du*ies ( ,p>ma & ,mod5a1 & t portion ( ! ,papal ,/ates kn[n z ! ,legations1 to 8 anci5t k+dom ( ,s>d9ia & ,pi$mont4 ,?is 0 done ) ! full cons5t ( 8 ,imp]ial patron1 ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,=1 at ?is "t1 ,victor ,emmanuel c$$ to ,france1 z comp5sation = ,c5tral ,italy1 ,nice & ,savoy4 ,?is bod$ ill = ,france4 ,"s ,fr5* writ]s consid] t ?is transaction w\ld h be5 less disgraceful if ^! prov9ces _h be5 ex*ang$ = ,lomb>dy1 :i* _h be5 won f ,au/ria ) ,fr5* blood & treasure4 ,b1 z evil de/9y1 :i* 0 ha/5+ to its accompli%m5t1 w\ld h x1 !y 7 giv5 z paym5t = ! spoils ( ! wid[ & orphan ( ,p>ma & ! ag$ man ( ! ,vatican4 ,?us = once 0 non-int]v5tion de>ly pur*as$4 ,! usurp+ mon>* hav+ n[ accompli%$ a long-*]i%$ purpose1 ought1 "o w\ld suppose1 to h obey$ ! dictates ( prud5ce1 & held 8 peace4 ,b no4 ,he mu/ write to ! ,pope1 9 ord] to ju/ify 8 nef>i\s proce$+4 ,pi$montese bayonets & f\r millions ( ,pi$montese gold _h won = him ! plebiscitum ( :i* he 0 s pr\d4 ,nev]!less1 he decl>$1 address+ ! ,holy ,fa!r1 t1 8z a ,ca?olic ,pr9ce1 he believ$ he 0 n want+ to ! un*angeable pr9ciples ( ! religion :i* x 0 8 glory to pr(ess ) unalt]able devot$ness & fidelity40 ,not)/&+1 8= ! sake ( peace1 he (f]$ to ackn[l$ge ! ,pope z 8 ,suz]a91 w\ld always dim9i% 8 *>ges & contribute t[>ds 8 indep5d5ce & security40 ,he end$ 8 lett] by mo/ humbly solicit+1 once m1 ! apo/olic b5$iction4 ,!re is m pla9 speak+ 9 ! reply ( ,pius ,,ix4 ?an c\ld h be5 to ! lik+ ( ! ,re galantuomo4 8,i c\ld say t ! pret5d$ univ]sal suffrage 0 impos$1 n volunt>y4 ,i c\ld say t ! ,pontifical troops 7 h9d]$ by o!r troops1 & y "k well :at troops1 f re/or+ ! legitimate gov]nm5t 9 ! prov9ces40 ,! ,holy ,fa!r !n bewails ! increas+ immorality occasion$ by ! usurp+ gov]nm5t & ! insults con/antly (f]$ to ! m9i/]s ( religion4 ,ev5 if he 7 n b\nd by solemn oa?s to pres]ve intact ! patrimony ( ! *ur*1 he w\ld1 nev]!less1 be oblig$ to repel ev]y?+ t t5d$ 9 ?is direction1 le/ 8 consci5ce %\ld be /a9$ by ev5 an indirect sanction+ (1 & p>ticipat+ 91 su* disord]s1 & ju/ify+1 by concurr5ce1 unju/ & viol5t spoliation4 ,! ,pope concludes by say+1 emphatically1 t he _c ext5d a fri5dly welcome to ! projects ( 8 maje/y1 b t1 on ! contr>y1 he prote/s aga9/ ! usurpation1 & leaves on ! consci5ce ( 8 maje/y & all :o co-op]ate ) him 9 su* iniquity ! fatal consequ5ces :i* fl[ !refrom4 ,f9ally1 he hopes t ! k+1 9 rep]us+ 8 own lett]1 w f9d gr\nds = rep5tance4 ,! ,pope1 f> f be+ actuat$ by feel+s ( res5tm5t1 prays ,god to give 8 maje/y ! grace he /&s s mu* 9 ne$ ( 9 su* difficult circum/ances4 ,! lett] is dat$ at ! ,vatican1 #bnd ,april1 #ahfj4 ,x is relat$ t ,victor ,emmanuel b$ew$ ) te>s ?is lett]1 :i* s g5tly & t5d]ly rebuk$ him4 ,x mu/ h rea*$ him at "o ( ^? mom5ts ( remorse :i*1 m ?an once1 int]rupt$ 8 sc&al\s c>e]4 ,x h9d]$ him n1 h[ev]1 f fulfill+ ! promise :i* he _h giv5 to ! revolution1 :51 at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> ( #ahei1 plac+ 8 h& on 8 sword & look+ t[>ds ,rome1 he said3 8,&remo al fondo0 78we %all g on to ! end074 ,on ! #bf? ( ,m>* ( ! same ye>1 ,pius ,,ix4 issu$ a ,bull1 excommunicat+ all :o took "p 9 wr5*+ f him s great a portion ( ! patrimony ( ! *ur*4 ,"s p>ties receiv$ ! intimation ( ?is s5t5ce ) su* noisy demon/rations ( delight z to cause _! s9c]ity to be d\bt$4 ,o!rs1 & ( ! numb] 0 ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel1 7 /ruck ) indescribable fe>4 ,napoleon ,,iii4 insi/$ t ! organic article ( ! ,concordat1 =bidd+ ! publication 9 ,france ( ,bulls1 ,briefs1 c41 %\ld be en=c$4 ,b he c\ld n1 any m ?an 8 uncle1 =bid ! excommunication to take effect4 ,! fir/ ,napoleon 0 at ! height ( 8 greatness :5 /ruck ) excommunication4 ,he receiv$ ! s5t5ce ) je]s4 ,w\ld x make ! arms fall f ! h&s ( 8 soldi]s8 ,h[ lit]ally ?is "q 0 answ]$1 let ! sn[s ( ,russia tell4 ,!re are o!r m9i/]s ( ! wra? ( heav5 besides ! fro/s ( a ,nor!rn w9t]4 ,napoleon ,,iii4 0 9 ! z5i? ( 8 p[] :5 he he>d ! s5t5ce :i* he va9ly tri$ to /ifle4 ,8 great political wisdom1 & ! wond]ful success ( all he und]took _h hi!rto a/oni%$ ! _w4 ,!re 0 n[ a manife/ *ange4 ,b x ne$ n "h be said ) :at unspeakable humiliation 8 /> w5t d[n4 ,! revolution>y p>ty c\ld n h m effectually %[n _! dread ( ! ,papal s5t5ce1 ?an by _! endeavors to suppress x4 ,!y w5t s f> z to publi% 9 its place a =g$ docum5t1 z odi\s z x 0 extravagant1 app5d$ !re to ! signature ( ,pius ,,ix41 & expos$ x to ! je]s ( ! ignorant multitude4 ,! bi%ops did _! be/ 9 ord] to make kn[n ! tru?2 ) :at difficulty x w be easily und]/ood1 :5 x is rememb]$ t an ,imp]ial decree =bade ! newspap]s to publi% a ^w 9 _! int]e/4 7,m#ga7 ,_h !re be5 "q only ( =m+ a unit$ ,italy1 & ( introduc+ su* re=ms z ! "t dem&$ into ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur*1 & ^? ( ! ,italian gr& dukes1 su* a cause w\ld h _h no bett] fri5ds & support]s ?an ! ,pope & ! native pr9ces4 ,b ! revolution>y p>ty aim$ at m ?an ?is1 & !y ha/5$ to %[ _! h& z soon z !y obta9$ any p[]4 ,z has be5 se51 ! ,holy ,fa!r himself compla9$ bitt]ly ( ! increase ( irreligion & immorality "u _! ill-om5$ auspices 9 ,romagna4 ,x 0 n _! policy to recon/itute1 b to subv]t4 ,no exi/+ in/itution1 h[ev] excell5t1 0 sacr$ 9 _! eyes4 ,?us speak ! ar*bi%ops & bi%ops ( ! ,m>*es 9 a remon/rance address$ to ! ,pi$montese ,gov]nor on #ba/ ,novemb]1 #ahfj3 8,we sc>cely believe our own eyes1 or ! te/imony ( our own e>s1 :5 we see & he> ! excesses1 ! abom9ations1 ! disord]s witness$ 9 ! *ief cities ( our respective dioceses1 to ! %ame & horror ( ! behold]s1 to ! great detrim5t ( religion1 ( dec5cy & public morality1 s9ce ! ord9ances aga9/ :i* we prote/ deprive u ( all p[] to protect religion & morality1 or to repress ! prevail+ crimes & lic5ti\sness4 ,! public sale1 at nom9al prices1 ( mutilat$ translations ( ! ,bible1 ( pamphlets ( e description1 saturat$ ) poison\s errors or infam\s obsc5ities1 is p]mitt$ 9 ! cities :i*1 a few mon?s ago1 _h nev] he>d ! names ( ^! sc&al\s productions2 ! impunity ) :i* ! mo/ horrible blasphemies are utt]$ 9 public1 & ! worse utt]ance ( expressions & s5tim5ts t brea! a helli% wick$ness2 ! exposition1 ! public sale & ! diffusion ( /atuettes1 pictures & engrav+s1 :i* brutally outrage piety1 purity1 ! commone/ dec5cy2 ! repres5tation 9 our !atres ( pieces & sc5es 9 :i* are turn$ into ridicule ! ,*ur*--,*ri/'s immaculate sp\se--! ,vic> ( ,*ri/1 ! m9i/]s ( religion1 & ev]y?+ held de> to piety & fai?2 9 f9e1 ! fe>ful lic5ti\sness ( public mann]s1 ! odi\s devices resort$ to = p]v]t+ ! innoc5t & ! "y1 ! evid5t wi% & aim to make immorality1 obsc5ity1 uncleanness triumph among all classes2 su* are1 y\r ,excell5cy1 ! rapid & fa9t outl9es ( ! sc&al\s /ate ( ?+s creat$ 9 ! ,m>*es by ! legislation & discipl9e s precipitately introduc$ by ! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t4 ,we appeal to y\r ,excell5cy4 ,c\ld we rema9 sil5t & indiff]5t spectators ( ?is imm5se calamity )\t violat+ our mo/ sacr$ duty80 ,if any?+ "u ! gov]nm5t ( subv]sion has sav$ ,italy f utt] ru91 x is no?+ less ?an ! zeal & devot$ness ( its pa/ors4 ,9 ! remon/rance ref]r$ to1 !y decl>e t not)/&+ all ! contradictions1 ! trials1 ! ob/acles !y h _h to enc\nt]1 8n "o sp>k ( *>ity1 ( zeal1 ( pa/oral & fa!rly solicitude has be5 qu5*$ 9 our s\ls4 ,we solemnly affirm x1 ) our ano9t$ h&s on our he>ts1 & ) ! help ( ,god's grace1 ^! s5tim5ts %all nev] dep>t f u ?r\gh fault ( ours40 7,m#gb7 ,?is mode ( re=m+1 s de> to ! revolutioni/s1 is fur!r illu/rat$ by ! proce$+s ( ,g>ibaldi 9 ,sicily & at ,naples4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ?is h]o ( ! revolution 0 eclips$ = a "t by ! spl5dors ( ,solf]9o4 ,imm$iately aft] t battle he retir$ into private life1 & ! motley troop :i* he comm&$ disappe>$4 ,:il/1 h[ev]1 !re rema9$ any revolution>y "w to be done1 su* a man c\ld n be idle4 ,! k+dom ( ! ,two ,sicilies 01 z yet1 un%ak54 ,?is 0 too mu* = ,c\nt de ,cav\r1 & s he enc\rag$ ! ev]-will+ ,g>ibaldi to fit out an armam5t aga9/ t k+dom4 ,! h]o sail$ = ,sicily1 & !re1 assur$ ( non-int]v5tion by ! pres5ce ( ! flags ( ,france1 ,engl& & ,s>d9ia1 he made an easy conque/ ( ! def5celess isl&4 ,z soon z he got possession ( ,pal]mo1 & _h assum$ ! title & p[]s ( dictator1 he comm5c$1 l a true revolutioni/1 ! "w ( subv]sion4 ,g>ibaldi1 no d\bt1 0 a man ( ! age1 & ! great diplomatic discov]y :i* ! age _h fall5 ^u 0 nev] want+ to him4 ,x s]v$ him at ,naples z x _h done 9 ,sicily2 & s1 a m]e diplomatic idea--non-int]v5tion--drove ! k+ to ,gaeta1 & e/abli%$ ! p[] ( ! revolutioni/4 7,m#gc7 ,z soon z ,g>ibaldi 0 ma/] 9 ,sicily1 ! "w ( revolution>y re=m comm5c$4 ,x 0 always ! fir/ aim ( ! revolutioni/s to /rike at civilization & civiliz+ influ5ces4 ,*ur*es 7 desecrat$1 ! m9i/]s ( religion insult$1 religi\s ord]s suppress$4 8,! ,society ( ,jesus alone10 said ! v5]able sup]ior1 ,fa!r ,beckx1 9 8 solemn prote/ation ( #bd? ,octob]1 #ahfj1 to ! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia1 80 robb$ ( ?ree resid5ces & colleges 9 ,lomb>dy2 ( six 9 ! ,du*y ( ,mod5a2 ( elev5 9 ! ,pontifical ,/ates2 n9ete5 9 ! k+dom ( ,naples2 & fifte5 9 ,sicily40 8,ev]y:]e10 adds ,fa!r ,beckx1 8! ,society has be5 lit]ally /ripp$ ( all its prop]ty1 movable & immovable4 ,its memb]s1 to ! numb] ( #a1ejj1 7 driv5 =? f _! h\ses & ! cities4 ,!y 7 l$ by an arm$ =ce1 l s _m malefactors1 f prov9ce to prov9ce1 ca/ into ! public prisons1 ill-treat$ & outrag$ 9 ! mo/ horrible mann]4 ,!y 7 ev5 prev5t$ f f9d+ a refuge 9 pi\s families1 :ile 9 sev]al places no consid]ation 0 _h = ! extreme old age ( _m among !m1 nor = ! infirmity & weakness ( o!rs4 8,all ^! acts 7 p]petrat$ aga9/ m5 :o 7 n accus$ ( "o illegal or crim9al act1 )\t any judicial process1 )\t all[+ any ju/ification to be record$4 ,9 "o ^w1 all ?is 0 consummat$ 9 ! mo/ despotic & savage mann]4 ,if su* acts _h be5 accompli%$ 9 a popul> riot1 by m5 bl9d$ by passion1 we might p]haps be> !m 9 sil5ce4 ,b1 z all su* acts h be5 done 9 ! "n ( ! ,s>d9ian laws2 z ! provisional gov]nm5ts e/abli%$ 9 ,mod5a & ! ,pontifical ,/ates1 z well z ! dictator ( ,sicily himself1 h claim$ to be support$ by ! ,s>d9ian gov]nm5t2 & z y\r maje/y's "n is /ill invok$ to sanction ^! iniquit\s measures1 ,i c no long] rema9 a sil5t spectator ( su* enorm\s inju/ice1 b 9 my quality ( supreme head ( ! ord]1 ,i feel myself /rictly b\nd to ask = ju/ice & satisfaction1 & to prote/ be=e ,god & man1 le/ ! resignation inspir$ by religi\s meekness & =be>ance %\ld appe> to be a weakness :i* might be con/ru$ into an ackn[l$gm5t ( guilt1 or a rel9qui%m5t ( our rights4 ,i prote/ solemnly1 & 9 ! be/ =m ,i c ?9k (1 aga9/ ! suppression ( our h\ses & colleges1 aga9/ ! proscriptions1 bani%m5ts & imprisonm5ts1 aga9/ ! acts ( viol5ce & outrage committ$ aga9/ ! bre?r5 b\nd to me by religi\s ties4 ,i prote/ be=e all ,ca?olics1 9 ! "n ( ! rights ( ! *ur* sacrilegi\sly violat$4 ,i prote/1 9 ! "n ( ! b5efactors & f\nd]s ( our h\ses & colleges1 ^: w & express$ int5tions 9 f\nd+ ^! good works1 = ! int]e/ alike ( ! liv+ & ! dead1 are ?us nullifi$4 ,i prote/1 9 ! "n ( ! sacr$ rights ( prop]ty1 contemn$ & trampl$ "u foot by brutal =ce4 ,i prote/1 9 ! "n ( citiz5%ip & ! inviolability ( individual p]sons1 ( ^: rights no man may be depriv$ )\t be+ accus$ 9 =m1 arraign$ & judg$4 ,i prote/1 9 ! "n ( humanity1 ^: rights h be5 s %amefully outrag$ 9 ! p]sons ( s _m ag$ m51 sick1 infirm & helpless1 driv5 f _! peaceful seclusion1 left )\t any assi/ance1 ca/ on ! highways )\t any means ( subsi/5ce40 ,su* 0 ! revolution :i* ,victor ,emmanuel & ,napoleon ,,iii4 7 driv5 by fe>1 or ev5 worse motives1 to patronize & fo/]4 ,x _h1 9 ! days ( its p[]1 made ,france a desolation4 ,x 0 n[ sweep+ l dev\r+ flames ov] ,italy1 & fa/ approa*+ ! city ( ! ,popes4 7,m#gd7 ,pius ,,ix41 al?\gh n unaw>e ( ! fe>ful calamities ) :i* he 0 ?reat5$1 0 f> f all[+ 8 m9d to be %ak54 ,he tru/$ 9 t ,provid5ce :i* wat*es ov] ! *ur*4 8,we are z yet10 said he on #af? ,febru>y1 #ahfj1 to ! l5t5 prea*]s ( ! "t1 8at ! beg9n+ ( ! evils :i* mu/ soon ov]take u4 ,at ! same "t1 we are consol$ by ! *e]+ prospect t1 z calamity succe$s calamity1 ! _s ( fai? & ( sacrifice w be proportionately develop$40 ,!re 0 no?+ n[ to be hop$ = f ! p[]s :i* nom9ally rul$ ! _w1 b :i* 71 9 reality1 "u ! control ( ! revolution4 ,depriv$ ( s great a portion ( 8 /ates1 & ! rev5ue :i* accru$ to him !refrom1 ! ,holy ,fa!r resolv$ to su/a9 8 fail+ f9ances by rely+ on ! spontane\s (f]+s ( ! fai?ful ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,8 appeal 0 n made 9 va94 ,! piety & zeal ( ! e>ly ages appe>$ to h reviv$4 ,! ^w ( ! common ,fa!r 0 receiv$ ) rev]5ce 9 ! remote/ l&s4 ,(f]+s ( 8,pet]'s p5ce10 z 9 days ( apo/olic f]vor1 7 p\r$ into ! ,papal treasury4 ,9 ,europe1 especially1 ! movem5t 0 s g5]al z to %[ t ! p ev]y:]e 7 resolv$ to act indep5d5tly ( _! gov]nm5ts1 :i* _h s %amefully become subs]vi5t to ! w ( ! revolution4 ,x 0 sc>cely necess>y t ! bi%ops %\ld speak a ^w ( enc\ragem5t4 ,9 ,france1 inde$1 "u a jeal\s & revolution>y gov]nm5t1 !re c\ld be no associations = ! collection ( ,pet]'s p5ce4 ,b ! gov]nm5t c\ld n1 s f>1 place itself 9 opposition to ! religion ( ! c\ntry z to =bid collections 9 ! *ur*es2 nor c\ld x rea* su* subscriptions z 7 (f]$ 9 private dwell+s4 ,9 ,belgium1 al?\gh ! p>ty ( unbelief1 ( ,freemasonry & revolution1 held ! re9s ( p[]1 ! con/itution protect$ all citiz5s alike1 & s ! new "w :i* ! circum/ances ( ! *ur* requir$ 0 accompli%$ by association1 pretty mu* 9 ! same way z ! "w ( ! propagation ( ! fai?4 ,by ! end ( ?ree mon?s1 !re 7 9 ,fl&]s no few] ?an f\r hundr$ ?\s& associates = ! collection ( ,pet]'s p5ce4 ,9 ,italy1 a ,ca?olic j\rnal1 ,armonia1 collect$ consid]able sums ( money1 & caskets fill$ ) jewels & o!r preci\s objects4 ,pol&1 9 h] sorr[1 0 magnific5tly g5]\s4 ,& ,irel&1 r5ew+ h] /r5g? aft] c5turies ( misgov]nm5t1 p]secution & pov]ty1 emulat$ ! ri*e/ c\ntries1 ,am]ica1 ,g]many1 ,holl& & ,engl&4 ,"o ( ! collections at ,dubl9 am\nt$ to #aj1jjj4 ,all ^! ri* donations1 toge!r ) ?\s&s ( addresses :i* bore millions ( signatures1 7 humbly laid at ! feet ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 7,m#ge7 ,n[ t x is well kn[n t ,france 0 n less ho/ile ?an ,s>d9ia & ! revolution1 to ! cause ( ! ,pope1 x appe>s m a loss ( labor ?an a wise precaution1 t ! ,holy ,fa!r %\ld h assembl$ an army = ma9ta9+ ord] 9 8 /ates1 & repell+ any attack on ! "p ( ! revolution>y faction4 ,?is 0 all t he contemplat$4 ,deceiv$ by ! pr(essions ( 8 ,fr5* ally1 he 0 f> f suspect+ t ! small =ce :i* he 0 collect+ = ! ma9t5ance ( ord] w\ld be no soon] organiz$ ?an x w\ld be attack$ by ! milit>y p[] ( ,pi$mont1 support$ by ! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pius ,,ix4 _h e reason to believe t ! =mation ( a ,pontifical army1 de/9$ = ! duties :i* devolv$ on ! ,fr5* soldi]s1 !n at ,rome1 w\ld be acceptable to ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,! latt] _h1 m ?an once1 said to 8 ,hol9ess3 8,place y\rself 9 a position to be indep5d5t ( my army ( occupation40 ,?is recomm5dation is repeat$ 9 a despat* ( ,messrs4 ,?\v5el & ,gramont1 s late z ! #ad? ( ,april1 #ahfj4 ,z soon z x 0 kn[n t ! ,pope desir$ to h an army = ma9ta9+ int]nal peace1 & f9ally1 9 ord] to replace ! =eign troops :i* occupi$ ,rome1 ! y\? ( _m c\ntries freely (f]$ _! s]vices4 ,france1 ,belgium1 ,irel&1 ,spa91 ,holl&1 & ev5 di/ant ,canada s5t num]\s volunte]s4 ,! noble y\? ( ,france1 ^: education1 = ! mo/ "p1 0 em95tly ,*ri/ian1 7 only too happy to te> !mselves f ! luxuri\s life ( ,p>is4 ,_! joy 0 equal to _! ardor1 :5 !y f\nd t !y c\ld be> arms )\t s]v+ a ,bonap>te4 ,gontants & ,l>o*ef\cauld ,d\deauvilles1 ,noes & ,pimodans1 ,t\rn\s & ,b\rbon ,*alus1 came to range !mselves1 z private soldi]s1 :5 necess>y1 "u ! bann] ( ! ,pope4 ,nor 7 !y attract$ by any hope ( ga94 ,a goodly numb]1 on ! contr>y1 su/a9$ by _! ample means ! gov]nm5t to :i* !y (f]$ _! lives4 ,! revolution signifi$ its displeasure by br&+ ^! devot$ y\?s ) ! ignom9i\s title ( 8,m]c5>ies ( ! ,pope40 ,?is ungraci\s ^w proce$$ f ! palace ( ,j]ome ,napoleon1 on :om m]ciless hi/ory be/[s a m opprobri\s epi!t4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 x 0 repeat$ 9 all ! revolution>y j\rnals4 ,! comm& ( ! new =ce 0 (f]$ to ! brave & exp]i5c$ ,g5]al ,lamorici]e4 ,at fir/ he hesitat$1 ! cause ( ! ,pope1 z reg>d$ 8 temporal p[]1 0 already s mu* compromis$4 ,f9ally1 on ! repres5tation ( ! ,rev]5d ,c\nt de ,m]ode1 he gave 8 cons5t4 ,x 0 pure sacrifice4 ,no success c\ld add to 8 milit>y r5[n4 ,& success 0 impossible4 ,! g5]al di/ribut$ 8 soldi]s1 f #bj1jjj to #be1jjj 9 numb]1 9 small bodies1 ?r\gh\t ! t[ns ( t portion ( ! ,papal ,/ates :i* /ill rema9$4 ,?is 0 a judici\s arrangem5t1 z f> z int]nal peace & ord] 7 conc]n$4 ,nei!r ,lamorici]e nor ! ,pope _h any idea1 s firmly did !y rely on ! holl[ pr(essions ( ,france1 t a =eign army w\ld h to be met4 ,! g5]al spoke words ( enc\ragem5t to 8 will+ soldi]s4 8,! revolution10 said he1 9 an ord] ( ! day1 8l ,islamism ( old1 ?reat5s ,europe4 ,to-day1 z 9 anci5t times1 ! cause ( ! ,papacy is ! cause ( civilization & ( ! lib]ty ( mank9d40 ,! infidel press 0 excit$ to fury1 & %[$1 by ! viol5ce ( its writ+1 t ! comp>ison ( ! revolution to ,islamism 0 b too well f\nd$4 ,7 n bo? alike f]oci\s8 ,did n bo? spread t]ror & desolation 9 _! track8 ,weigh !m toge!r--,islamism has ! advantage4 ,9 addition to all its o!r b>b>ities1 ! revolution violat$ ! temples ( ,god & ! abodes ( pray]4 ,! foll[]s ( ! prophet 7 comm&$ to respect e place :]e ,god 0 wor%ipp$1 & e h\se :]e dwelt ! m9i/]s ( ,8 wor%ip4 ,! organization ( ,lamorici]e's army 0 n[ s complete t a fri5dly conv5tion 0 ent]$ into ) ! ,cab9et ( ! ,tuill]ies1 & t ! evacuation ( ,rome by ! ,fr5* g>rison %\ld comm5ce on ! #aa? ( ,may4 ,?is 0 n at all to ! lik+ ( ! revolutioni/s4 ,m4 de ,cav\r1 :o _h compla9$ s l\dly at ! ,congress ( ,p>is t ! ,pope _h n an army suffici5tly /rong to r5d] unnecess>y ! protection ( ,france & ,au/ria1 prote/$ aga9/ ! =mation ( su* an army z soon z he saw t x 0 s]i\sly contemplat$4 ,he d5\nc$ x to all ,europe z a ga!r+ ( adv5tur]s f e c\ntry1 & feign$ ! greate/ disquietude = ! new fronti]s ( ,pi$mont4 ,on ! #d? ,septemb]1 #ahfj1 ,napoleon ,,iii4 0 at ,*amb]y1 receiv+ ! homage & congratulations ( 8 ,savoy>d subjects4 ,a public banquet 0 held 9 8 honor1 & :il/ ! gue/s 7 yet at table1 two ,pi$montese envoys1 ,messrs4 ,f>9i & ,ciald9i1 s\ght a private int]view ) ! ,emp]or4 ,napoleon left ! fe/ive bo>d & rema9$ closet$ ) ! envoys ! rema9d] ( ! ev5+4 ,! result ( ?is conf]5ce 0 ! imm$iate invasion ( ! ,papal ,/ates by ,s>d9ian troops1 "u ! comm& ( ,g5]al ,ciald9i4 ,?is (fic] reports t he 0 fully au?oriz$ by ,napoleon4 ,x is ev5 relat$ t ! ,emp]or1 /rongly enc\rag+ him us$ ! words ( our bless$ ,"l to ,judas3 8,quod facis1 fac citius40 ,napoleon1 inde$1 d5i$ hav+ utt]$ ^! words4 ,x matt]s n4 ,all 8 acts1 at ! "t1 express$ _! mean+4 ,:il/ conf]r+ ) ! envoys at ,*amb]y1 !re lay on a table a map ( ,c5tral ,italy1 on :i* he trac$ 9 p5cil & effac$ sev]al l9es4 ,! map hav+ be5 left on ! table1 0 aft]w>ds f\nd to conta9 "o l9e 9 crayon1 :i* 0 n effac$4 ,x %[$ exactly ! r\te :i* ,ciald9i foll[$ 9 m>*+ to ! de/ruction ( ! ,papal army4 ,betwe5 ! conf]5ce ( ,*amb]y & ! arrival ( ,ciald9i on ! ,pontifical t]ritory1 !re elaps$ precisely ! "t necess>y = ! j\rney by po/-c>riage & railway4 ,sev5ty ?\s& m5 7 wait+ = him on ! fronti]1 ready to m>* z soon z he br\ght !m ! requir$ au?orization4 ,g5]al ,fanti1 :o also _h an army corps conc5trat$ on ! bord]s ( ! ,m>*es1 _h already intimat$ to ,g5]al ,lamorici]e1 t if ! ,papal troops _h rec\rse to =ce1 89 ord] to suppress any insurrection 9 ! ,papal ,/ate10 he w\ld1 at once1 occupy ! ,m>*es & ,umbria1 89 ord] to secure to ! inhabitants full lib]ty to express _! wi%es40 ,! ,s>d9ian g5]als evid5tly wi%$ to raise an insurrection1 b z no insurrection occurr$1 !y manag$ to d )\t "o4 ,9 ! meantime1 x 0 ?\ght exp$i5t to p]=m a piece ( mock diplomacy4 ,c\nt ,delia ,m9]va 0 despat*$ f ,tur9 to ,rome1 *>g$ ) an ultimatum to ! ,pope4 ,)\t diplomatic negotiations or %ad[ ( pretext1 purely by virtue ( ! "r ( ! /ronge/ & mo/ audaci\s1 ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 sudd5ly summon$ to dismiss 8 volunte]s z =eign]s1 & 0 all[$ f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs to give 8 answ]4 ,b ! p>ty did n wait s long4 ,! ultimatum1 ( a piece ) _! o!r proce$+s1 0 a mock]y4 ,on #aj? ,septemb]1 be=e ! reply ( ! ,pope c\ld h be5 kn[n1 ev5 be=e ,delia ,m9]va _h rea*$ ,rome1 ,g5]als ,ciald9i & ,fanti1 )\t any previ\s decl>ation ( w>1 pass$ ! ,pontifical fronti]4 ,x 0 ! b>b>ians once m at ! gates ( ,rome4 ,! ord]s ( ! day1 :i* ! ,pi$montese comm&]s address$ to _! troops1 7 inexpressibly savage4 ,pitiless hi/ory fails n to record !m4 8,soldi]s10 said ,ciald9i1 8,i lead y aga9/ a b& ( adv5tur]s1 :om ! ?ir/ = gold & pillage has br\ght to our c\ntry4 ,fight1 disp]se )\t m]cy1 ^! wret*$ cut-?roats4 ,let !m feel1 by ! weight ( our arm1 ! p[] & ! ang] ( a p :o /rive to be indep5d5t soldi]s4 ,p]ugia seeks v5geance4 ,&1 al?\gh late1 x %all h x40 ,! language ( ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel1 al?\gh some:at m politely diplomatic1 0 n less false & savage4 ,8 proclamation is a ma/]-piece ( ,c\nt de ,cav\r's hypocritical /yle4 8,soldi]s1 y are ent]+ ! ,m>*es & ,umbria1 9 ord] to re/ore civil ord] 9 ! desolat$ cities & to secure to ! inhabitants ! lib]ty to express _! wi%es4 ,y h n to meet p[]ful armies1 b only to deliv] ! un=tunate ,italian prov9ces f companies ( =eign adv5tur]s4 ,y are n go+ to av5ge ! injuries done to ,italy or to me1 b to h9d] ! popul> hatr$ f wreak+ v5geance on ! oppressor4 ,y w tea* by y\r example p>don ( (f5ces & ,*ri/ian tol]ation to ^? :o comp>e ,italian patriotism to ,islamism4 ,at peace ) all ! ,great ,p[]s1 & )\t provocation1 ,i mean to bani% f ,c5tral ,italy a con/ant cause ( tr\ble & discord4 ,i wi% to respect ! seat ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,*ur*1 c40 ,:atev] ?is k+ may h wi%$ to d1 he 0 compell$ to obey ! w ( ! revolution1 & to ju/ify by 8 acts ! comp>ison ( ! p>ty :i* he patroniz$ ) ,islamism1--a comp>ison disp>ag+ only to ! foll[]s ( ! prophet4 ,! f]oci\s s5tim5ts to :i* ,ciald9i gave utt]ance 7 n m]e bravado4 ,:5 ,colonel ,zappi1 ( ! ,pontifical s]vice1 d>$ to hold out ) #hjj m5 at ,pes>o1 & *eck = two-&-tw5ty h\rs ! :ole ,pi$montese army be=e ?is village1 ,ciald9i1 in/ead ( admir+ su* brav]y1 refus$ to cease fir+1 :5 ,zappi1 cru%$ by numb]s1 0 at la/ oblig$ to capitulate4 ,= two h\rs long] he took pleasure 9 dis*>g+ grape %ot at ! little t[n :i* _h ceas$ to reply o!rwise ?an by exhibit+ a :ite flag & s5d+ mess5g]s ( peace4 ,nor did ?is v&alic soldi] %[ any consid]ation = ! wi%es ( ! p :om he pr(ess$ to h come to protect4 ,?is contempt = ! popul> w 0 suffici5tly well %[n ! foll[+ mon?1 9 8 despat* to ! ,g>ibaldian ,comm&] ( ,molise3 8,publi% t ,i cause to be %ot all peasants tak5 ) arms 9 _! h&s4 ,i h ?is day comm5c$ su* executions40 7,m#gf7 ,lamorici]e 0 f> f expect+ to be attack$ by ! armies ( ,pi$mont4 ,! mo/ he c\ld contemplate 0 an attack by ! ,g>ibaldians1 & ! probability ( "s p>tial insurrections 9 ! int]ior4 ,he di/ribut$ 8 troops accord+ly 9 ! t[ns & along ! ,neapolitan fronti]4 ,! insol5t message ( ,g5]al ,fanti contribut$ to confirm him 9 ?is idea4 ,he _h only #a1ejj m5 ) him :5 ! message rea*$ him4 ,he held himself 9 read9ess1 b )\t conc5trat+ 8 =ce1 :i* appe>$ to him dang]\s & premature4 ,he le>n$1 unexpect$ly1 t ! fronti] on ! side ( ,pi$mont 0 violat$ at e po9t ( attack at ! same "t2 t an army corps1 comm&$ by ,g5]al de ,sonnaz1 0 m>*+ on ,p]ugia2 ano!r1 l$ by ,brignone1 on ,spoleto2 ano!r1 "u ! ,g>ibaldian ,mazi1 on ,orvieto2 f9ally1 t ,ciald9i 0 advanc+ on ,s9igaglia1 !nce on ,torr$e ,jesi1 ,ca/elfid>do & ,loretto1 & t 8 object 0 ,ancona1 ! only city except ,rome :i* 0 capable ( mak+ any resi/ance4 ,lamorici]e1 unable to face s _m enemies at once1 saw1 ) pa91 t 8 scatt]$ g>risons 7 lo/4 ,he 0 f>1 h[ev]1 f be+ disc\rag$4 ,recall+1 ha/ily1 all t 7 )9 rea*1 & un=tunately !y 7 n ! mo/ consid]able1 he *ang$ all ! arrangem5ts :i* he _h made = ano!r k9d ( conte/2 he gave up all idea ( oppos+ ,brignone1 ,de ,sonnaz & ,fanti1 :o1 nev]!less1 7 9 a position to cut (f 8 retreat t[>ds ,rome1 & ru%$ boldly to ! po9t ( greate/ dang] betwe5 ^! g5]als & ,ciald9i1 ) ! design ( pi]c+ ! l9es ( ! latt] & rea*+ ,ancona be=e him4 ,!re he ?\ght he w\ld be able to hold out a week or two1 m ?an suffici5t "t = ,france & ! o!r civiliz$ nations to come to 8 assi/ance4 ,he1 a ,fr5* g5]al1 reli$ on ,france1 s completely 7 ,fr5*m5 deceiv$4 ,he also tru/$1 & ) bett] gr\nds1 to ,au/ria4 ,?is confid5ce embold5$ him to reply defiantly to ! insol5t message ( ,g5]al ,fanti3 8,we are only a h&ful ( m54 ,b a ,fr5*man c\nts n 8 enemies1 & ,france w support u40 ,be=e ! invasion took place1 ! ,ambassador ( ,france1 ! ,duke ( ,gramont1 ^: ^w 0 corroborat$ by ! pres5ce ( a ,fr5* army at ,rome & 9 ! neighborhood1 _h1 sev]al times1 reassur$ ,c>d9al ,antonelli1 :o 0 mu* disquiet$1 affirm+ t ! conc5tration ( ,pi$montese troops 0 int5d$ to *eck ! b&itti1 & protect ! ,pontifical fronti]1 b w\ld n attack x4 ,lamorici]e te/ifies to ?is fact 9 ! report ( 8 op]ations4 ,:5 !re 0 no long] any d\bt z reg>d$ ! violation ( ,papal t]ritory1 ! ,ambassador1 ,gramont1 communicat$ to ,c>d9al ,antonelli1 & telegraph$1 9 cle> & di/9ct language1 to ! ,vice-,consul ( ,france1 at ,ancona1 ! foll[+ despat*3 8,! ,emp]or has writt5 f ,m>seilles to ! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia1 t if ! ,pi$montese troops advance on ! ,pontifical t]ritory he w be compell$ to oppose !m4 ,ord]s are already giv5 = ! emb>kation ( troops at ,t\lon2 & ^! re-in=cem5ts w =?) arrive4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,emp]or w n tol]ate ! crim9al attack ( ! ,s>d9ians4 ,z ,vice-,consul ( ,france1 y w gov]n y\rself accord+ly40 ,m4 de ,c\rcy1 ! ,vice-,consul1 to :om ! despat* 0 address$1 took x imm$iately to ,m4 de ,quatreb>bes1 ! civil gov]nor ( ,ancona4 ,8 great age w\ld n admit ( 8 c>ry+ x 9 p]son to ,ciald9i1 b he lo/ no "t 9 s5d+ x by an employee ( ! ,consulate1 mak+ no d\bt t a despat* :i* bore ! signature ( ,france w\ld prev5t blood%$4 ,he 0 mi/ak54 ,ciald9i read ! pap]1 & coolly put x 9 8 pocket1 say+3 8,i "k m ab\t ^! matt]s ?an y4 ,i h j _h an int]view ) ! ,emp]or40 ,:5 ! cl]k ask$ = a receipt1 he sign$ "o1 rem>k+ t 8x w\ld make a good addition to o!r diplomatic pap]s40 ,he !n cont9u$ to advance4 ,! g5]al 0 no less explicit1 a few days lat]1 at ,loretto1 :5 conv]s+ ) ,c\nt ,b\rbon ,busset & o!r prison]s tak5 at ,ca/elfid>do4 8,y a/oni% me1 g5tlem510 said he2 8h[ c\ld y = a mom5t ent]ta9 ! idea t we w\ld h occupi$ ! ,pontifical ,/ate )\t ! full cons5t ( ! gov]nm5t ( y\r c\ntry60 ,z "o ( ! by/&]s1 9 reply to ,ciald9i1 allud$ to ! fact :i* 0 ann\nc$1 ( ! disemb>kation ( a new ,fr5* division at ,civita ,vec*ia1 8,& to :at purpose80 answ]$ "o ( ! high] (fic]s ( ,ciald9i's /aff4 8,france has no ne$ to re-in=ce h] army ( occupation4 ,see ^! wires1 g5tlem5 7po9t+ to ! telegraph71 if !y *ose to speak !y w\ld suffice to /op u at once40 ,x w\ld h be5 impossible to express m pla9ly ! omnipot5ce at t mom5t ( ! conqu]or ( ,solf]9o1 & ! fe>ful /igma :i* he 0 prep>+ = 8 memory4 ,n only did he disorganize ! def5ce1 ! responsibility1 c41 ( :i* he 0 und]/ood to h assum$1 n only did he deceive ! ,c\rt ( ,rome1 & inspire x ) a false security1 z if x _h be5 8 purpose m surely to ?r[ ,lamorici]e into ! sn>es ( ,ciald9i2 b1 at ! same "t1 he p>alyz$ ! good int5tion ( ! ,p[]s t 7 s9c]ely devot$ to ! ,holy ,see4 ,francis ,joseph1 ,emp]or ( ,au/ria1 _h dread$1 a mon? be=e x occurr$1 an invasion ( ! ,pontifical ,/ate4 ,8 army divisions ( ! ,m9cio 7 on a w> foot+4 ,x 0 only necess>y t !y %\ld pass ! riv] & m>* aga9/ ,pi$mont4 ,an ord] to ?is effect 0 sign$4 ,b be=e despat*+ ! ord]1 & tak+ on himself su* great responsibility1 ! y\?ful ,emp]or1 :o _h be5 none ! bett] = giv+ way to 8 *ivalr\s impulses 9 #ahei1 resolv$ to call a meet+ ( 8 m9i/]s & *ief g5]als4 ,address+ ?is grave assembly1 he /at$ di/9ctly ! new situation 9 :i* ,au/ria 0 plac$ by ! violation ( rec5t treaties1 & ! obligation "u :i* he lay ( oppos+ su* proce$+s by arms4 ,8 duty z a ,ca?olic 0 conc]n$ z well z 8 honor & int]e/ z a sov]eign4 ,x appe>$1 besides1 t ,god _h bl9d$ ! revolution1 & ! invasion 0 s odi\s t ,pi$mont w\ld n f9d a s+le ally4 8,i h sign$10 he add$1 8an ord] to pass to-morr[ into ,lomb>dy4 ,toge!r ) ?is1 ,i h address$ a manife/o to ,europe1 9 :i* ,i decl>e t ,i w respect & cause to be respect$ ! treaty ( ,zuri*4 ,lomb>dy does n n[ belong to me4 ,i h c$$ x1 & ,i d n recall my ^w2 b ,i require t ! clauses :i* are burd5some to ,au/ria %all n alone be execut$4 ,i claim1 at ! same "t1 ! inconte/ible rights ( my c\s9s ( ,flor5ce1 ,p>ma & ,mod5a1 s unwor?ily robb$ by "o ( ^? :o sign$ & gu>ante$ ! treaty4 ,f9ally1 ,i require t ! neutrality ( ! ,pope & ! integrity ( 8 t]ritory be respect$2 = ! ,pope is my ally1 z a sov]eign1 & z ! ,*ief ( ! ,*ur*1 my ,fa!r4 ,! fleet ( ,trie/e w1 at ! same "t1 cruise be=e ,ancona40 ,?is noble address 0 foll[$ by pr(\nd sil5ce4 ,! attitude ( sev]al ( ! by/&]s 0 expressive ( d\bt :5 ! ,emp]or affirm$ t ! brutality ( ! ,pi$montese aggression w\ld alone suffice to prev5t any "o f mak+ common cause ) x4 ,! ,c\nt de ,?un at l5g? rose4 ,he ackn[l$g$ ! manife/ly j grievances ( ,au/ria1 & admir$ ! manly resolution ( ! ,emp]or4 ,he !n set =? ! dang]s ( e k9d :i* ?is resolution w\ld cause to arise4 ,! army _h n yet repair$ its losses2 ! w\nds ( ,mag5ta & ,solf]9o 7 /ill ble$+4 ,! ,fr5* w\ld1 once m1 pass ! ,alps1 & ! revolution1 f> f be+ /ifl$1 w\ld be m ?reat5+ ?an ev]4 8,if my cr[n mu/ be brok510 int]pos$ ! ,emp]or1 8,i pref] los+ x at ! gates ( ! ,vatican1 9 def5ce ( ju/ice & religion1 ?an "u ! walls ( ,vi5na or ,presburgh by ! h&s ( ! revolutioni/s40 8,sire10 repli$ ,c\nt de ,?un1 8:e!r at ,presburgh or ! ,vatican1 y w always f9d u by y\r side1 ready to conqu] or p]i% honorably ) y4 ,b all[ me to repeat t !re is n "q only ( comm5c+ a /ruggle aga9/ ! two-fold revolution ( ! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia4 ,if ,france once m comes to 8 support1 :o w be our auxili>ies8 ,:at alliances h we1 s necess>y 9 case ( rev]se8 ,our cruel exp]i5ce ( la/ ye> only %[s too pla9ly t we h none2 & t ,prussia has an und]/&+ ) ,france4 ,& if ! w> cont9ues any "t1 if ! revolution ?r[s into ! arms ( ,russia ,hung>y1 & our ,sclav prov9ces1 & gives to ,prussia our ,g]man c\ntries1 :at w become ( ! great ,ca?olic ,empire ( ,g]many8 ,w n y\r maje/y h ha/5$1 )\t int5d+ x1 ! satisfaction ( t cupidity :i* is ev]y:]e aim+ at our ru91 & ! triumph ei!r ( ,prote/antism or ! ,greek s*ism80 ,francis ,joseph repli$ by describ+ ! n less s]i\s dang]s :i* ! triumph ( ! ,italian revolution w\ld occasion to ! tranquillity & integrity ( ! ,empire4 ,he c\ld n b =esee h[ prec>i\s ,au/rian rule w\ld become at ,v5ice1 & h[ impossible x w\ld be to pres]ve1 = any l5g? ( "t1 ! la/ rema9s ( ! ,pontifical ,/ate1 once ! ,k+ ( ,pi$mont 0 ma/] ( ! re/ ( ! p59sula4 ,! /ruggle1 by be+ delay$1 c\ld n be avoid$4 ,we %\ld only h to und]take x lat] aga9/ a usurp] consolidat$ by "t1 & ) less manife/ evid5ce ( "r on our side4 ,b ! emb>rassm5ts ( ! mom5t engag$ ! ?\ghts ( 8 m9i/]s m ?an ^? ( ! future4 ,all ! m9i/]s diss5t+ f 8 op9ion1 ! ,emp]or made up 8 m9d1 aft] two h\rs' discussion1 to recall ! ord] :i* he _h sign$4 ,! ,au/rian fleet cont9u$ at an*or 9 ! h>bor ( ,trie/e1 & ! army ( ! ,m9cio rema9$ inactive1 al?\gh1 z may be suppos$1 indignant1 9 its quadrilat]al1 until ,italian unity became a reality1 & coalesc$ ) ,prussia 9 ord] to expel x4 ,!re mu/ n[ be record$ ano!r pro( ( ! ,emp]or ,napoleon's d\ble deal+4 ,on #ac? ,septemb]1 ,m4 ,?\v5el wrote to ,b>on de ,talleyr&1 ! ,ambassador ( ,france at ,tur93 8,! ,emp]or has decid$ t y mu/ leave ,tur9 imm$iately1 9 ord] to %[ 8 firm det]m9ation to decl9e all p>tn]%ip 9 acts :i* 8 c\nsels1 t 7 giv5 9 ! int]e/s ( ,italy1 h n be5 able to prev5t40 ,va9 pret5ce6 inexorable hi/ory accepts n su* apologies4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,pi$montese1 & p]haps also ! ,au/rian m9i/]s1 !re 7 none 9 ,europe hav+ k ( ?is docum5t1 & ! despat* ( ,m4 de ,gramont to ! ,consul ( ,ancona1 :o did n believe t a rupture 0 imm95t1 if x _h n already tak5 place1 betwe5 ! ,emp]or ,napoleon & ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,g5]al ,lamorici]e 0 too upright & loyal-m9d$ n to fall into ! sn>e4 ,he wrote promptly to ,mgr4 de ,m]ode1 ask+ him to s5d provisions to ,ancona1 :]e he purpos$ e/abli%+ 8 qu>t]s1 n hav+ _h "t to prep>e = battle 9 ! op5 c\ntry4 ,he _h no disquietude z reg>d$ ,umbria4 ,he left x to be def5d$ by ,france4 ,he hop$ also t ,g5]al de ,goyon w\ld n conf9e himself to gu>d+ ! walls ( ,rome1 & t he w\ld1 at lea/1 prev5t invasion f ! direction ( ,naples1 & by way ( ! valley ( ,orvieto4 ,he 0 confid5t t ,france w\ld f9ally int]v5e4 ,& x w\ld be highly advantage\s if1 9 ! meantime1 ,fr5* troops g>rison$ ,vit]bo1 ,velletri & ,orvieto4 ,! decl>ations ( ,napoleon 7 l ! despat*es ( ,messrs4 ,?\v5el & ,gramont1 no?+ bett] ?an empty words--8diplomatic pap]s10 z ,ciald9i contemptu\sly call$ !m4 ,8 only object 0 to lull public op9ion1 & let ! ,pi$montese h ! advantage ( a fait accompli4 ,( ?is !re 0 no room to d\bt1 :51 a little lat]1 he took (ficially "u 8 protection ! fruit ( t crim9al aggression aga9/ :i* he _h s l\dly prote/$4 ,ei!r f weakness or trea*]y he 0 an accomplice1 & play$ a preconc]t$ game4 ,at fir/ he may h be5 s9c]e 9 ?reat5+1 9 ! hope ( intimidat+ ! revolution4 ,b :5 !re 0 "q ( act+1 & he knew t x defi$ him1 he recoil$4 ,fr5* hi/orians rem>k1 ) pa91 t ?is 0 a sad alt]native1 z reg>ds ! memory ( a man :o _h ! honor to gov]n ,france--! nation1 m ?an all o!rs1 r5[n$ = *ivalry4 ,x 0 also a rebuke to t nation :i* 0 s weak z to submit1 = tw5ty ye>s1 to 8 rule4 ,8 fri5ds are br\ght to ! extremity ( demon/rat+ t he 0 a c[>d1 if !y wi% to h9d] mank9d f believ+ t he 0 a traitor4 ,mean:ile1 ,lamorici]e1 by =c$ m>*es1 on ! #af? ,septemb]1 rea*$ ,loretto1 f :i* ! enemy )drew at 8 approa*4 ,8 inconsid]able =ce c\nt$ sc>cely #c1jjj combatants1 viz43 #b1jjj infantry1 #hjj troop]s1 & #bjj artill]ym54 ,b he _h giv5 r5dezv\s at ! spot to ! g5]al1 ,m>quis ( ,pimodan1 :o br\ght to him f ,t]ai #b1jjj infantry1 & arriv$ a little be=e night1 on ! #ag?4 ,?us did x fall to 8 lot1 ) #e1jjj m5 at mo/1 & "s old artill]y :i* _h n be5 suffici5tly ex]cis$1 to face ,ciald9i1 :o _h1 at ! mom5t1 #de1jjj m51 & 0 provid$ ) rifl$ cannon4 ,an engagem5t on ! #ah? 0 inevitable4 ,! ,pi$montese 7 e*elon$ along ! hills :i* fill ! declivity f ,ca/elfid>do t[>ds ! pla91 & ext5d to )9 #ejj metres ( ! small riv] ,musone4 ,_! artill]y swept ! declivities 9 all directions4 ,!y occupi$1 9 /r5g?1 two f>ms :i* 7 situat$1 ! "o #fjj metres beh9d ! o!r1 t[>ds ! pr9cipal hill4 ,by delay+ long]1 ,lamorici]e w\ld only h expos$ himself to be surr\nd$ & compell$ to lay d[n 8 arms4 ,at f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+1 ! soldi]s ( ! ,pope1 ) ! two g5]als at _! head1 prep>$ = dea?1 by dev\tly p>ticipat+ 9 ! mo/ holy sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,at eight1 ,pimodan ru%$ ^u ! two f>ms already m5tion$4 ,8 wat*word 0 to c>ry !m & hold !m z long z possible1 z !y comm&$ ! pass ( ,musone1 :]e ! bulk ( ! army1 ) ! baggage1 mu/ defile1 & !re 0 no o!r way ?an ?is pass by :i* ! r\te ( ,ancona c\ld be ga9$4 ,! fir/ f>m1 al?\gh w>mly def5d$1 0 c>ri$1 & a hundr$ prison]s 7 tak54 ,six six-p\nd]s 7 imm$iately br\ght up1 9 ord] to protect ! position aga9/ a fre% attack ( ! enemy4 ,capta9 ,ri*t]1 :o comm&$ !m1 "u ! ord]s ( ,colonel ,blum5/ihl1 0 pi]c$ 9 ! ?igh by a ball2 he w\ld n1 h[ev]1 leave ! field1 b rema9$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! fire4 ,two h[itz]s1 comm&$ by ,lieut5ant ,d&i]1 ) ! aid ( a hundr$ ,iri%m51 :o _h arriv$ ! night be=e f ,spoleto1 7 plac$ 9 ! op5 space 9 front ( ! f>m1 expos$ to ! grape %ot ( ! ,pi$montese1 to :i* !y repli$ z if !y _h be5 9 =ce4 ,un=tunately1 all p>ties did n d _! duty s well4 ,pimodan 0 oblig$ to dismiss1 on ! battle-field1 ! comm&] ( ! ,fir/ ,battalion ( ,*asseurs4 8,! mom5t _h come10 says ,lamorici]e 9 8 report1 8to attack ! second f>m4 ,g5]al ,pimodan =m$ a small column1 "u ! ord]s ( ,comm&ant ,becdelievre1 compos$ ( ! ,battalion ( ,belgian ,fusili]s1 ( a deta*m5t ( ,c>ab9i]s1 & ( ! ,fir/ ,battalion ( ,*asseurs4 ,?is column boldly advanc$1 not)/&+ a mo/ active fusilade f ! f>m & ! wood4 ,!re 7 #ejj metres to m>* ov] ?us expos$4 ,b :5 ab\t a hundr$ & fifty feet f ! summit ( ! hill x 0 receiv$ by ! fire ( two ranks ( a /rong l9e ( battle1 :i* put s great a numb] ( ! m5 hors de combat t x 0 oblig$ to fall back4 ,! enemy pursu$4 ,b :5 he _h ne>ly rea*$ our troops1 ! column fac$ r\nd1 wait$ = him at fifte5 paces di/ance1 receiv$ him ) a well-direct$ fire1 & ru%$ on him ) ! bayonet4 ,a/oni%$ at s mu* d>+ & coolness1 ! enemy1 al?\gh sup]ior 9 numb]1 fell back 9 8 turn1 & ?us all[$ our soldi]s to rega9 ! position :i* !y _h left4 ,! fire ( our artill]y1 :i* 0 well suppli$ & well direct$1 protect$ ^! movem5ts4 ,! enemy _h lo/ m m52 b1 relatively1 our losses 7 m felt ?an 84 ,pimodan _h be5 w\nd$ 9 ! face2 b1 nev]!less1 he reta9$ 8 comm&4 ,i obs]v$ t 8 two battalions & a half 7 n suffici5tly /rong to c>ry ! second position2 s ,i s5t = ! two res]ve battalions1 & ord]$ ! cavalry to pass ! riv]1 & foll[ on our "r flank ! m>* ( our columns4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! enemy _h endeavor$ to ov]:elm u on bo? sides4 ,major ,becdelievre br\ght toge!r :at rema9$ ( 8 battalion1 ru%$ ^u ! fusile]s & =c$ !m back into ! wood :5ce !y _h come40 ,^! 7 spl5did feats ( arms4 ,b ! excessive inf]iority ( ,lamorici]e's artill]y & numb]s made victory impossible4 ,! revolution _h its emiss>ies enroll$ z soldi]s 9 ! ,pontifical army4 ,"o ( ^!1 by a traitor\s bl[ f beh9d1 slew ! brave ,pimodan 9 ! height ( ! battle4 ,^! traitors also caus$ a panic at ! decisive mom5t by spread+ false al>ms4 ,! y\?ful soldi]s ( ! res]ve1 :o _h nev] se5 fire1 became demoraliz$1 & fl$ 9 confusion1 )\t he>+ ! s\nd ( a s+le ball4 ,o!rs foll[$4 ,! artill]y1 n[ no long] support$1 &1 fe>+ to be tak51 s\ght safety 9 flight4 ,b in/ead ( ga9+ ! road to ,ancona1 x fell back on ,loretto1 :]e x c\ld n fail to fall into ! h&s ( ! enemy4 ,lamorici]e1 always calm 9 su* t]rible discomfiture1 made unhe>d-( ex]tions1 z did also 8 aids-de-camp1 ,messrs4 de ,mai/re1 de ,lorg]il1 de ,robiano1 de ,france & ,montm>91 9 endeavor+ to guide ! precipitate retreat4 ,8 ord]s ei!r 7 n convey$ or 7 n execut$4 ,!n1 z 0 8 cu/om 9 ,africa1 he hurri$ alone on horseback to )9 a hundr$ feet ( ! l9es1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! situation1 rejo9$ 8 /aff1 labor$ to /ay ! flight1 & :5 all 0 lo/1 he execut$1 ) five-&-=ty horse & a hundr$ infantry1 a movem5t :i* ) ! army 0 impossible4 ,he took ! r\te ( ,ancona1 :i* a ,pi$montese squadron 0 prep>+ to bomb>d1 & rea*$ t place by five o'clock 9 ! ev5+4 ,! brave ,franco-,belgians sacrific$ !mselves 9 ord] to save ! re/ ( ! army4 ,!y held out 9 ! f>m :i* !y _h occupi$ z long z _! ammunition la/$4 ,! neighbor+ fields & h$ges 7 cov]$ ) dead & w\nd$ ,pi$montese2 b !y !mselves 7 all ei!r kill$ or tak54 ,among ! sla9 & w\nd$ 7 _m ( ! be/ nobility ( ,europe--,paul de ,p]cevaux1 ,edme de ,montagnac1 ,ar?ur de ,*alus1 ,hyac9? de ,lanascol1 ,alfege du ,baudi]1 ,joseph ,gu]91 ,georges de ,hali&1 ,felix de ,montravel1 ,alfr$ de la ,b>re de ,nanteuil1 ,?i]ry du ,f\g]ay1 ,leopold de ,lippe1 ,ga/on du ,plessis de ,gr5$an1 ,ra\l ,dumanoir1 ,lanfranc de ,becc>y1 ,alphonse ,m5>d1 ,guelton1 ,rogati5 ,picon1 ,ansel9e de ,puisage1 ,george ,myonnet4 ,su* are a few ( ^? noble y\?s :o fell victims to _! zeal & brav]y :5 engag$ ) ,g5]al ,lamorici]e 9 8 hopeless attempt to /em ! ov]:elm+ tide ( revolution :i*1 at ! "t1 successfully defi$ all ! ,p[]s ( ,europe to move an arm 9 opposition to x4 ,lamorici]e succe$$ 9 rea*+ ,ancona1 b only to prolong1 = a few days m1 a desp]ate conte/4 ,! available =ce 9 ! place am\nt$ only to #d1bjj effective m51 a numb] q insuffici5t to man all ! po/s ( su* ext5sive =tifications4 ,! g5]al did n yet despair ( aid f ! ,fr5* at ,rome1 & he flatt]$ himself ) ! idea t if he only held out a few days1 ,au/ria & ! o!r ,ca?olic ,/ates w\ld be %am$ into activity4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 knew too well ! int5tions ( ,france1 & ,france _h won ! battle ( ,solf]9o4 ,! brave ,lamorici]e 0 assail$ 9 8 la/ retreat1 bo? by sea & l&4 ,! bomb>dm5t la/$ t5 days1 & 0 he>d at ,v5ice1 ! isl&s ( ,dalmatia1 & ev5 at ,trie/e4 ,b n a fri5dly sail appe>$ 9 support ( ! besieg$4 ,! prolong$ /ruggle did n ev5 attract su* vessels ( neutral ,p[]s z are commonly s5t = ! protection ( _! consuls & o!rs ( _! respective nations1 z well z to (f] _! good s]vices to wom51 *ildr5 & o!r non-combatants4 ,su* disgraceful conduct 0 condemn$ alike by ! ,prote/ant & ,ca?olic press ( ,europe4 ,! ,london ,times reproa*$ ,m4 de ,cav\r ) n hav+ und]/ood t 8c&id & honorable conduct is n incompatible ) patriotism40 ,! same pap] quot$1 9 ?is connection1 ! words ( ,man91 :i* are a condemnation ( ! :ole conduct ( ! ,pi$montese "u ,victor ,emmanuel3 8,means :i* ! moral s5se repels1 ev5 :5 !y are mat]ially pr(itable1 deal a mortal bl[ to a cause4 ,no victory c be put 9 comp>ison ) ! abs5ce ( self-respect40 ,ancona 0 yet und]go+ bomb>dm5t1 :5 ! ?ree sov]eigns ( ! ,nor?1 :o alone c\ld h und]tak5 efficaci\sly ! def5ce ( ! violat$ law ( nations1 met at ,w>saw2 & ,napoleon ,,iii4 pres5t$ to !m a memor&um by :i* he engag$ to ab&on ,pi$mont 9 ! ev5t ( h] attack+ ,v5ice4 ,b 8he presuppos$ t ! ,g]man ,p[]s w\ld also conf9e !mselves to an attitude ( ab/5tion1 & w\ld avoid furni%+ a pretext = an ,italian attack ( ,au/ria40 ,at l5g?1 ! ,pi$montese fleet1 "u ,admiral ,p]sano1 succe$$ 9 demoli%+ ! m important portion ( ! =tifications ( ,ancona4 ,a :ite flag 0 n[ display$ on ! citadel & all ! less] =ts2 & ,major ,mauri 0 s5t on bo>d ! admiral's %ip to negotiate a capitulation4 ,! fir+ ceas$ on bo? sides4 ,b n[ occurr$ a circum/ance :i* /igmatizes to all "t ! "* ( ! ,pi$montese g5]als1 ,fanti & ,ciald9i4 ,m4 de ,quatreb>bes relates1 8t :il/ ! conditions ( capitulation 7 "u discussion1 ! l& army1 furi\s at hav+ be5 repell$1 & at hav+ done no?+ t c\ld contribute t[>ds ! tak+ ( ! city1 recomm5c$ fir+ along ! :ole l9e4 ,! bomb>dm5t & cannonade cont9u$ f n9e o'clock 9 ! ev5+ ( ! #bh? until n9e 9 ! morn+ ( ! #bi?1 & t1 al?\gh negotiators _h be5 s5t1 & bells _h be5 rung1 ann\nc+ ! cessation ( ho/ilities1 9 defiance ev5 ( a v press+ lett] ( ! admiral1 :o w\ld n p>ticipate 9 su* an infam\s proce$+4 ,he also recall$ on bo>d 8 %ips ! m>9e :o s]v$ a l& batt]y4 ,all ?is "t n a s+le cannon 0 fir$ f ! city4 ,?us ! ,pi$montese army bomb>d$ incessantly = twelve h\rs a def5celess t[n1 9 violation ( ! law ( nations1 & all s5tim5ts ( honor & humanity4 ,admiral ,p]sano himself report$ at ,tur9 ! refusal ( ! l& army to cease fir+4 ,su* a fact mu/ excite ! indignation ( all "r-?9k+ p40 ,! revolution 0 highly (f5d$ :5 comp>$ to ,islamism4 ,are ! regul> troops ( ,islam accus$ ( su* b>b>ities8 ,! ,ba%i-,baz\ks c\ld n h done worse4 ,:5 ! capitulation 0 sign$ at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon ( ! #bi?1 ! small ,pontifical army _h ceas$ to exi/1 & ! ,pi$montese1 n[ free to foll[ out _! plans1 c\ld g to jo9 ! b&s ( ,g>ibaldi1 "u ! walls ( ,gaeta1 &1 toge!r ) him1 complete 8! extirpation ( ! ,papal canc]10 or1 z "o ( _! s*ool1 ,p9elli1 said1 8,cru% ! sac]dotal vampire40 ,b al?\gh "r _h be5 trampl$ d[n1 x knew h[ to d battle & to die4 8,= ! fir/ "t10 obs]v$ a ,prote/ant j\rnal1 ! new ,gazette ( ,prussia1 8a g5]al ( ! p>ty ( legality has d>$ to lead 8 troops aga9/ ! enemy4 ,= ! fir/ "t ! revolution has be5 met 9 ! field ( battle4 ,! ef=t has n be5 successful4 ,we "k x4 ,& z we repeat$ly said be=eh&1 we _h no hope t x w\ld4 ,b ! defeat ( ,lamorici]e raises ! m9d by contra/4 ,= a long "t we _h be5 accu/om$ to ! triumphs ( c[>dice1 trea*]y & corruption1 ( all :i* ! victories ( ,g>ibaldi pres5t$ su* a disgu/+ spectacle4 ,we are assur$ t ! ,pontifical troops did _! duty unto dea?4 ,?is is en\gh4 ,x is easily und]/ood h[ ! adv]s>ies ( ! revolution _h become humble4 ,= ye>s !y c\ld only record ! victories ( _! enemies4 ,b if1 at ,ca/elfid>do1 a few individuals 7 defeat$1 ! pr9ciple ( legality 0 at la/ ass]t$4 ,n[1 if m5 cont5d 9 battle = a pr9ciple its f9al triumph is assur$40 ,x 0 to be expect$ t ,pius ! ,n9? w\ld av5ge ! memory ( ! brave m5 :o _h be5 br&$ by ! "n ( ,m]c5>ies1 ! great] numb] ( :om s]v$ )\t pay4 ,no wond] if he did ju/ice on ! pret5d$ moral ord] :i* ,pi$mont said x _h come to re/ore 9 ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur*4 ,n only did he honor _! noble ef=ts1 he also f\nd$ at 8 own co/1 & = _! b5efit1 ! *apla9cy ( ,ca/elfid>do 9 ! sanctu>y ( ! ,scala ,santa4 ,he ord]$ ! fun]al obsequies ( ,g5]al ,pimodan to be celebrat$ ) becom+ magnific5ce1 & compos$ himself an inscription = 8 tomb 9 ! ,fr5* ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,he wi%$ to conf] on ,lamorici]e ! title ( ,roman ,c\nt4 ,b ! defeat$ h]o decl9$ ! honor1 say+ t he desir$ always to be call$ ,leon de la ,morici]e4 ,pius ,,ix4 !n address$ him a few words1 :i* recall ! piety ( e>ly times3 8,i s5d y :at1 at lea/1 y _c refuse1 ! ord] ( ,*ri/1 = :om y h combat$1 & :o w1 ,i tru/1 be y\r rew>d z well z m9e40 ,9 ,france ! gov]nm5t %[$ its revolution>y lean+ by =bidd+ a subscription :i* 0 und]tak5 = ! purpose ( pres5t+ a sword ( honor to ,lamorici]e4 ,x did ev5 worse ?an ?is4 ,x meanly p]secut$ ! vanqui%$ soldi]s ( ! ,holy ,see1 z well z ^? :o _h ha/5$ to fill _! places4 ,?is 0 pure rev5ge4 ,& n[ t ! success ( ,pi$mont 0 no long] d\btful1 x c\ld s]ve no o!r purpose ?an to e/abli% ! fact ( ! ,emp]or's complicity4 ,su* ( ! soldi]s ( ! ,pope z 7 natives ( ,france 7 depriv$ ( _! rights ( citiz5%ip4 ,?us 7 noble y\?s1 ! fl[] ( ,france1 on _! return f ,ca/elfid>do & ,ancona1 depriv$ ( ! electoral fran*ise1 & /ripp$ ( _! "r to s]ve on juries & 9 ! army4 ,"s ev5 7 int]dict$ f inh]it+ prop]ty on ! pretext t1 z /rang]s1 _! signatures requir$ to be legaliz$4 ,^! m5 71 nev]!less1 ! actual def5d]s ( a sov]eign :om ! gov]nm5t pret5d$ to def5d (ficially4 ,! revolution>y pap]s audaci\sly said t ! same law 0 n applicable to su* ,fr5* subjects z jo9$ ! b&s ( ,g>ibaldi1 on ! gr\nd t ^! b&s 7 nei!r a gov]nm5t nor a milit>y corporation4 ,?is odd int]pretation completely met ! views ( m9i/]ial jurisprud5ce2 & s 0 pres5t$ ! extraord9>y spectacle ( a c\ntry outlaw+ su* ( h] *ildr5 z s]v$ ! same cause z h] army1 & 9 n[ise mole/+ ^? :o support$ ! opposite side4 ,all political allusions 9 ! pulpit 7 n[ repress$ ) increas$ sev]ity4 ,! bi%ops1 h[ev]1 c\ld n be intimidat$4 ,besides1 z !y c\ld n be displac$1 !y 7 n s easily rea*$4 ,mgr4 ,pie1 ! em95t ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s1 asc5d$ ! pulpit ! ,sunday aft] ! battle4 8,my bre?r510 said he1 8y all expect$ ( me t ,i w\ld speak to-day 9 my ca!dral4 ,x is accord+ to ! cu/oms ( ! *ur* to "k h[ to honor h] def5d]s1 & to m\rn = !m :5 dead4 ,& because1 hav+ tak5 ^u myself a responsibility :i* ,i decl9e n1 & hav+ enc\rag$ & bless$ ! dep>ture ( sev]al ( ^? y\?ful volunte]s1 ,i w\ld be a%am$ ( myself if n[1 re/ra9$ by ! fe>s aris+ f a pusillanim\s prud5ce1 ,i did n (f] !m ! homage ( my admiration toge!r ) t ( my pray]s4 ,y\r sympa?ies are already ) my words4 ,if !y gave (f5ce to any he>]s1 ,i w\ld1 inde$1 be afflict$4 ,b1 by ! grace ( ,god1 ! c\ntry :i* we inhabit is call$ ,france1 :i* w>rants1 or r comm&s1 t ,i %\ld be c&id40 ,9 ! abs5ce ( t fame :i* victory conf]s1 ! vanqui%$ 7 consol$ by t immortality :i* eloqu5ce be/[s on ^? :om x celebrates4 ,s long z ! great art ( oratory %all be appreciat$ 9 ! c\ntries ( ,f5elon & ,bossuet1 ! fun]al orations on ,lamorici]e1 by ,bi%ops ,pie & ,dupanl\p1 toge!r ) ! f9e pages on ! h]oes ( ,ca/elfid>do1 by ,bi%op ,g]bet ( ,p]pignan1 ,mgr4 ,planti] ( ,nismes1 & o!r writ]s1 w n cease to be read4 8,!y di$ 9 ord] to def5d u10 said1 z if prophetically1 ,ar*bi%op ,mann+1 :o succe$$ ,c>d9al ,wiseman 9 ! new ,see ( ,we/m9/]1 already s illu/ri\s2 8! cause = :i* !y fell is our cause4 ,!y are bl9d1 inde$1 :o _c see t :at has be5 begun by ! head w soon be und]tak5 aga9/ all ! memb]s2 t ! attacks w ext5d rapidly f ! c5tre to ! extremities2 t revolution>y tyranny & ! despotism ( civil p[] w /rive to e/abli% ev]y:]e1 9 detail1 ! dom9ation :i* !y are endeavor+ to ex]cise ov] ! w & ! p]son ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,we are at ! comm5cem5t ( a new era ( p5al laws aga9/ ! lib]ty ( ! *ur*4 ,x is = u1 !re=e1 t !y h giv5 _! life4 ,!y di$ :il/ ! pr(ane _w load$ !m ) its curses1 z di$ ! m>tyrs 9 ! ,flavian amphi!atre1 :il/ ! cry res\nd$1 #8,! ,*ri/ians to ! lions6' 7,*ri/ianas ad leones71 & 9 pres5ce ( ?\s&s ( spectators ( ! ,imp]ial & ,patrician families ( ,rome1 & = ! gratification ( ! multitude :i* ?ir/$ = blood1 & su* blood z 0 mo/ noble & innoc5t4 ,?us di$ ,he :o is great] ?an ! m>tyrs1 assail$ by ! insults ( ! ,ph>isees & ! je]s ( ! ignorant masses4 ,x is1 !re=e1 glori\s to die = a cause :i* ! _w w n & _c und]/&4 ,if !y _h di$ to def5d comm]cial e/abli%m5ts aga9/ ! indig5\s inhabitants ( "s di/ant c\ntry1 or to repel ! attacks ( a neighbor1 or to ma9ta9 ! integrity ( ! ,ottoman ,empire1 ! _w w\ld h und]/ood & honor$ !m1 z x did 9 reg>d to ! combatants ( ,alma & ,ink]man4 ,b1 to fall 9 battle = ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontificate1 to sacrifice !mselves = ! lib]ty ( ,*ri/ian consci5ces1 & t ( ! g5]ations to come--?is ! _w und]/&s n1 & = ?is we proclaim !m great & glori\s among dep>t$ h]oes40 ,f\r mon?s lat]1 ,mgr4 ,pie 0 oblig$ to refute a new pamphlet1 entitl$1 8,france1 ,rome & ,italy10 & s endeavor to prev5t new iniquities4 ,he fe>$ n to =mulate ! foll[+ t]rible rebuke1 :i* 0 d5\nc$ z s$iti\s1 b :i* hi/ory has already confirm$ z a s5t5ce3 8,pilate _h x 9 8 p[] to save ,*ri/1 & )\t ,pilate ,he c\ld n be put to dea?4 ,! dea?-w>rant c\ld only come f him2 nobis non licet int]fic]e1 said ! ,jews4 ,wa% ?y h&s1 ,o ,pilate6 decl>e ?yself guiltless ( ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,our only answ] e day w be1 & ! late/ po/]ity w repeat ! same3 ,i believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! only ,son ( ! ,fa!r1 :o 0 conceiv$ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o 0 born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 :o suff]$ dea? & passion "u ,pontius ,pilate2 ,quipassus e/ sub ,pontio ,pilato40 ,x 0 no secret :5 ^! words 7 spok51 z x 0 to ,lamorici]e & 8 brave army1 t ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,fr5* ,emp]or enc\rag$ & patroniz$ ! iniquit\s aggressions ( ,pi$mont1 :il/ x pret5d$1 9 ! face ( ,europe1 to support ! ,holy ,see4 7,m#gg7 8,x 0 n ,g>ibaldi & 8 volunte]s10 said ! ,revue des deux ,mondes1 8t ,g5]al ,lamorici]e _h to fight2 ! odds 9 t case w\ld n h be5 s unequal4 ,b he _h ! regul> army ( ,pi$mont be=e him--an army six times m num]\s ?an 8 own4 ,nor 0 x ! attack m]ely ( a revolution>y p>ty :i* 0 n[ direct$ aga9/ ! temporal p[] ( ! ,papacy4 ,x 0 a gov]nm5t incomp>ably m p[]ful ?an ! ,pope's1 :i* decre$ arbitr>ily itself alone1 & 9 ! face ( ! o!r nations ( ! _w1 ! suppression ( ?is p[]1 & :i* accompli%$ t suppression by ! irresi/ible =ce ( its arms1 & "u ! eyes ( our g>rison 9 ,rome40 ,:il/ ,au/ria1 n f any want ( sympa?y ) ! ,holy ,see1 b f ! dread h] cauti\s m9i/ry1 :o _h p5etrat$ ! designs ( ,france1 ent]ta9$ ( a new ,fr5* invasion1 look$ tamely on f ! heights ( h] quadrilat]al1 ! ,fr5* ,emp]or secretly express$ 8 approval ( ! ,pi$montese attack on ! ,papal ,/ates1 & at ! same "t publicly )drew 8 ambassador at ,tur91 z a prote/ 9 ! face ( mank9d aga9/ ?is unprovok$ & unju/ifiable attack4 ,engl&1 :i* c\ld n be suppos$ to h mu* sympa?y ) ! ,holy ,see1 not)/&+ ! decl>ations ( h] be/ /atesm5 9 support ( ! temporal sov]eignty1 op5ly pron\nc$ 9 favor ( ! ,pi$montese aggression on ! ,pope1 :o1 9 try+ times1 _h be5 h] mo/ fai?ful ally4 ,b ! days ( ! eld] ,bonap>te 7 =gott51 & too mu* c\ld n be done to conciliate ! new ally :om ! ,engli% _h f\nd 9 ! second ,bonap>te4 ,s _! repres5tative1 ,sir ,john ,hudson1 rema9$ at ,tur91 & 0 ! confid5tial advis] !re ( ,c\nt de ,cav\r1 :ile ,sir ,h5ry ,elliot cont9u$ to reside at ,naples aft] t city _h become ! headqu>t]s ( ,g>ibaldi4 ,! great ,nor!rn ,p[]s1 ,russia & ,prussia1 act$ a m honorable "p4 ,ev5 be=e ! fall ( ,ancona 0 kn[n1 !y bo? )drew _! ambassadors f ,tur94 ,von ,s*le9itz1 ! ,prussian ,prime ,m9i/]1 prote/$ en]getically aga9/ ! unw>rantable aggression ( ,pi$mont4 ,m4 de ,cav\r1 :o und]/ood ! t5d5cies ( ! "t1 repli$ to ,von ,s*le9itz1 z if utt]+ a prophecy3 8,i regret t ! ,c\rt ( ,b]l9 %\ld judge s sev]ely ! conduct ( ! k+ & 8 gov]nm5t4 ,i am consci\s ( act+ 9 ! int]e/s ( my sov]eign & my c\ntry4 ,i might reply successfully to :at ,m4 ,von ,s*le9itz says4 ,b1 be t z x may1 ,i console myself ) ! ?\ght t1 on ! pres5t occasion1 ,i am sett+ an example :i* ,prussia1 )9 a %ort "t probably1 w be happy to foll[40 ,! cannonade _h sc>cely ceas$ to be he>d at ,ancona1 :5 ! ,holy ,fa!r rais$ 8 voice 9 a consi/orial allocution ( #bh? ,septemb]1 :i*1 al?\gh address$ to ! c>d9als1 is int5d$ = ! :ole civiliz$ _w4 ,! allocution briefly enum]ates ! sev]al acts ( aggression successively committ$ by ! ,pi$montese4 ,x !n alludes to ,cav\r's audaci\s lett]1 :i* 0 int5d$ z a ju/ification be=eh& ( ! violation ( t]ritory1 & ! fe>ful blood%$ :i* foll[$4 ,x expresses ! false accusations1 ! repeat$ calumnies & insults :i* 7 put =w>d z a pretext = ! invasion4 ,x also rebukes 8! s+ul> malignity ) :i* ! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t d>$ to call ! ,pontifical soldi]s m]c5>ies1 :5 s _m ( !m1 bo? ,italians & =eign]s1 7 ( noble l9eage1 be>+ illu/ri\s names1 & _h resolv$ to s]ve 9 our troops )\t pay1 & = ! sole love ( our holy religion40 ,! fact is e/abli%$1 to ! disgrace ( ,pi$mont1 t ! ,papal gov]nm5t 8c\ld h _h no intimation ( ! enemy's purpose4 ,! g5]al-9-*ief comm&+ our =ces c\ld n h ent]ta9$ ! ?\ght ( hav+ to cont5d ) ! soldi]s ( ,pi$mont40 ,! me$ ( praise is aw>d$ to ! fall5 w>riors1 toge!r ) ! expression ( unfeign$ sorr[ = _! loss3 8,:il/ we mu/ be/[ m]it$ praise on ! g5]al1 8 (fic]s & 8 m51 we c sc>cely re/ra9 our te>s z we rememb] all ^? brave soldi]s1 ^? noble "y m5 especially1 :o _h be5 impell$ by fai? & _! own g5]\s he>ts to fly to ! def5ce ( ! temporal p[] ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 & :o h met ) _! dea? 9 ?is cruel & unju/ invasion4 ,we are deeply mov$ by ! grief ( _! families2 & w\ld to ,god x 7 9 our p[]1 by any ^w ( ours1 to dry up ! s\rce ( _! te>s60 ,if any?+ c\ld be worse ?an ! savage & murd]\s attack ( ,pi$mont1 x 0 ! hypocritical pret5ce "u :i* x 0 und]tak54 ,! invad]s came z 8! re/or]s ( moral ord] & z ! prea*]s ( tol]ance & *>ity40 ,! allocution concludes by d5\nc+ ?is hypocrisy1 toge!r ) ! diplomatic pr9ciple ( non-int]v5tion1 ( :i* ,france & ,pi$mont set su* brilliant examples4 7,m#gh7 ,! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia hav+ viol5tly seiz$ ,umbria & ! ,m>*es ( ,ancona1 mu/ also h a mock plebiscitum1 9 ord]1 no d\bt1 to make x appe> t ^! prov9ces 7 spontane\sly annex$ to 8 k+dom4 ,! fall ( ,gaeta & ! conque/ ( ,naples by ,g>ibaldi enc\rag$ ! ambiti\s mon>* 9 ^! unju/ifiable annexations1 & al?\gh g5]ally condemn$ by ! ,european press1 he mo/ audaci\sly issu$ a proclamation 9 reply to ! ,papal allocution4 ,all ^! nef>i\s acts1 toge!r ) ! outrages ev]y:]e p]petrat$ aga9/ all :o rema9$ loyal to ! ,holy ,see & fai?ful to ! sacr$ laws ( ! *ur*1 induc$ ! ,holy ,fa!r to publi% ! n[ celebrat$ allocution ( ,m>* #ah?1 #ahfa4 ,?is allocution is p]haps ! greate/ doctr9al utt]ance ( ! ,pontificate ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,b x mu/ be consid]$ 9 connection ) ! syllabus1 :i* w n[ %ortly be notic$4 ,! ,emp]or ,napoleon _h1 inde$1 susp5d$ public diplomatic relations ) ! c\rt ( ,tur94 ,?is 0 int5d$ m]ely z a bl9d1 = he cont9u$ to negotiate secretly1 ?r\gh ,pr9ce ,j]ome ,napoleon1 conc]n+ ,rome1 & :at yet rema9$ to ! ,pope ( 8 /ates4 ,he appe>$ to b9d ,pi$mont to respect ! sov]eignty & indep5d5ce ( ! ,holy ,see1 & _h no objections t ! ,pope %\ld raise an army design$ only = def5sive purposes4 ,on su* conditions ! ,emp]or w\ld ackn[l$ge ! new k+dom ( ,italy4 ,9 all ?is !re 0 a want ( s9c]ity4 ,c\nt ,cav\r1 ,pr9ce ,napoleon & ! ,emp]or1 7 p]fectly agre$ t ! ,holy ,fa!r 01 9 due c\rse ( "t1 to be giv5 up to 8 enemies4 7,m#gi7 ,9 ord] to prep>e ! _w = ?is consummation ( ,franco-,s>d9ian policy1 !re appe>$ a new pamphlet1 entitl$ ,la ,france1 ,rome et l',italie4 ,x 0 sign$ by ,m4 de la ,gu]onni]e1 & publi%$ on ! #g? day ( ,m>*4 ,x 0 sugge/$1 if n actually writt51 by ! ,emp]or himself4 ,! allocution already allud$ to1 dealt by anticipation ) ! *ief po9ts ( ?is publication4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 directly repli$ to 9 a lett] ( ! em95t ,c>d9al ,antonelli1 to ! ,papal ,m9i/] at ,p>is4 ,! c>d9al beg9s by /at+ t ! *ief object ( ! pamphlet 0 8to ?r[ on ! ,holy ,fa!r & 8 gov]nm5t ! responsibility ( ! condition to :i* ,italy & ! ,pontifical ,/ates 9 p>ticul> 7 r$uc$40 ,he !n proce$s lucidly1 logically1 & n )\t eloqu5ce1 to attack all ! positions assum$ by ! writ]1 & exposes ! trea*]y1 bas5ess & duplicity ( ! pr9cipal adv]s>ies ( ! ,holy ,see 9 its long /ruggle ) revolution>y ,pi$mont1 support$ z x 0 by ! ,emp]or ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,x w be recollect$ t x _h be5 propos$1 inde$ x 0 "o ( ! articles ( ! treaty ( ,zuri*1 t !re %\ld be a conf$]ation ( ! ,/ates ( ,italy4 ,! writ] ( ! pamphlet audaci\sly accus$ ! ,pope ( hav+ reject$ ! plan ( an ,italian conf$]acy1 j z if he & n ! ,emp]or & 8 ally1 ! ,k+ ( ,pi$mont1 _h violat$ ! treaty :i* succe$$ ! battle ( ,solf]9o4 8,! (ficial proposition ( su* a conf$]acy10 ! c>d9al /ates1 8& ( its presid5cy came only aft] ! prelim9>ies ( ,villafranca & ! treaty ( ,zuri*2 & ! ,holy ,fa!r %[$ himself dispos$ to accept x z soon z its basis %\ld be def9$4 ,! au?or1 nev]!less1 says t x 0 !n too late4 ,he does n1 9 say+ s1 seem to p]ceive t he s]i\sly insults 8 own sov]eign1 z if he & ! o!r ,p[]s _h propos$ z ! basis ( a solemn treaty & ! great means ( conciliation1 a ?+ :i* 0 at t mom5t nei!r possible nor opportune4 ,be t z x may1 x 0 only !n t ! proposition 0 made by ! p]son au?oriz$ to make x2 & x is unju/ to pret5d t 8 ,hol9ess _h tak5 any action !reon be=e x 0 laid be=e him4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ! plan fell ?r\gh indep5d5tly ( 8 refusal1 h[ c he1 )\t a positive act ( calumny1 be accus$ ( ob/9acy on ?is po9t80 ,! c>d9al's lett] is ( great l5g?4 ,9 "o place he recapitulates ! heads ( accusation conta9$ 9 ! pamphlet4 8,putt+ aside10 says he1 8! unf\nd$ ass]tions1 ! matt]s =eign to ! case1 :i* help$ to fill up ! pamphlet1 ! ob/9acy :i* x imputes to ! ,holy ,fa!r am\nts to 8 hav+ decl9$ an abdication :i* 8 consci5ce condemn$1 to 8 hav+ def]r$ "s re=ms t 7 promis$ till ! revolt$ prov9ces _h return$ to _! allegiance2 to 8 hav+ propos$ to recruit an army = himself in/ead ( accept+ ! troops (f]$ to him2 to 8 hav+ pref]r$ ! volunt>y (f]+s ( ! fai?ful to subsidies furni%$ by gov]nm5ts :i* are n all nor always equally dispos$ to be fri5dly4 ,& ^! acts ( firmness1 ( noble dis9t]e/$ness1 :i* mu/ appe> mo/ praisewor?y to ! unprejudic$ m9d1 :i* h appe>$ & d /ill appe> wor?y ( ! admiration ( ,prote/ants1 seem1 on ! o!r h&1 to ! ,ca?olic au?or ( ! pamphlet1 to be s blamewor?y t he c\ld n f9d m bitt] words ( c5sure 7 he to write aga9/ ^? :o are alone responsible = ! sad disord]s ( ! pres5t "t4 ,b ?is is precisely :at is ( a nature to surprise u4 ,! ,imp]ial gov]nm5t ( ,france _h giv5 advice to 8 ,hol9ess2 x _h also giv5 advice to ! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t4 ,n[1 if ! ,holy ,fa!r mu/ be accus$ ( n hav+ foll[$ su* advice1 ! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t does n seem to h be5 m docile4 ,8 ,hol9ess did n deem x exp$i5t to d "s ?+s desir$ by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t4 ,b ,pi$mont did a great _m ?+s :i* ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t _h publicly decl>$ x 0 oppos$ to4 ,! ,imp]ial gov]nm5t =bade ! violation ( ! neutrality ( ! ,papal ,/ates2 & to ?is ! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t respond$ by occupy+ ! ,romagna4 ,! ,imp]ial gov]nm5t disapprov$ annexation2 & ! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t only answ]$ by accompli%+ annexation4 ,! ,imp]ial gov]nm5t =bade1 9 ?reat5+ language1 ! invasion ( ! ,m>*es & ,umbria2 & ! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t respond$ by p\r+ grape %ot into ! small ,pontifical army1 by bomb>d+ ,ancona f sea & l&1 & by refus+ to obs]ve any ( ! laws ( w> ackn[l$g$ by all civiliz$ nations4 ,! au?or ( ! pamphlet all[s 8 p5 ! mo/ cruel lic5se aga9/ ! ,holy ,see1 b has n "o s+le ^w ( blame = ! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t4 ,:o c expla9 su* an attitude8 ,! explanation is a v natural "o1 & is giv5 on ! la/ page ( ! pamphlet1 :]e ! au?or tells u t ! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5* _c sacrifice ,italy to ! ,c\rt ( ,rome1 nor give up ! ,papacy to ! revolution2 :i* means t ! ,c\rt ( ,rome mu/ be sacrific$ to ! exig5cies ( ! p59sula1 t ! temporal dom9ion ( ! ,holy ,see mu/ be done away )1 because x is 9 ! way ( ! unification ( ,italy1 & t ?is suppression is to prev5t ! ,papacy or ! spiritual p[] f fall+ b5ea? ! bl[s ( ! revolution40 ,x _c fail to be rem>k$ t 9 all ! ,fr5* ,emp]or's manife/os appe>s ! pretext ( protect+ ! ,papacy f ! revolution1 :il/1 b = 8 int]f]5ce1 x ne$$ n su* protection4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 q able to cont5d successfully aga9/ :atev] revolution>y elem5t !re 0 9 ! ,pontifical ,/ates4 ,) ! aid ( 8 allies1 he c\ld also h repell$ ! attacks ( ,pi$mont1 if unsupport$ by ! ,fr5*4 ,b aga9/ a ,p[] s great t x c\ld comm& ! non-int]v5tion ( all o!r ,p[]s1 he 0 p[]less4 ,x may h af=d$ a mom5t>y pleasure to ! ,c>bon>o ,pr9ce1 ,napoleon ,,iii41 to annihilate1 = ! sake ( 8 way ( promot+ ,italian unification1 ! "t-honor$ sov]eignty ( ! ,pope4 ,x af=d$ him no la/+ b5efit4 ,g]many caught ! idea1 & becom+ unifi$1 hurl$ h] legions aga9/ ! common ,european enemy1 :o1 9 8 day ( sore/ ne$1 f\nd n an ally1 n s mu* z "o p[]ful fri5d ev5 9 t ,italy = :i* he _h done & sacrific$ s mu*4 7,m#hj7 ,x n[ only rema9$ = "y ,italy1 revolutioniz$ z x 01 to assume & we> its blu%+ honors4 ,pi$mont hav+ seiz$ ,umbria & ! ,m>*es ( ,ancona1 & hav+ also1 ?r\gh h] ag5t ,g>ibaldi1 tak5 possession ( ,sicily & ,naples1 0 mi/ress n only ( ! great] portion ( ! ,pontifical ,/ates1 b also ( almo/ all ,italy at ! same "t4 ,x became su* greatness to h a p>liam5t4 ,accord+ly1 ! fir/ ,italian p>liam5t assembl$ at ,tur9 9 ,febru>y1 #ahfa2 & on ! #ad? ( ,m>*1 ,victor ,emmanuel 0 proclaim$ ,k+ ( ,italy4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 till ! #bd? ( ,june t ! ,fr5* ,emp]or f\nd x conv5i5t to recognize ?is ext5d$ sov]eignty4 ,9 do+ s1 no d\bt1 he 0 consi/5t ) himself1 al?\gh q at v>iance ) ! pr(essions ( him :o _h s lately )drawn 8 ambassador f ! ,c\rt ( ,tur94 7,m#ha7 ,c\nt de ,cav\r liv$ n to enjoy ?is recognition4 ,he di$ on ! #f? ( ,june4 ,?is m9i/] 0 a politician to ! end2 & he _h no wi% ev] to be any?+ else4 ,he 0 anxi\s1 h[ev]1 at ! close1 to h ! m]it ( reconciliation ) ! *ur* :i* he _h s cruelly p]secut$1 bo? 9 ! anci5t ,/ate ( ,s>d9ia & 9 ! newly-annex$ t]ritories ( ! 8,k+dom ( ,italy40 ,f9d+ t 8 latt] end 0 approa*+1 he desir$ ! pres5ce ( ,fri> ,giacomo1 ,rector ( ! ,madonna degli ,angeli4 ,?is ,fri>1 ) :om1 z is relat$1 ! ,c\nt _h _h a previ\s und]/&+1 fai?fully came4 ,m4 de ,cav\r rema9$ alone ) him = half an h\r2 & :5 ! prie/ 0 gone he call$ ,f>9i1 & said to him3 8,my niece has _h ,fra ,giacomo to come to me2 ,i mu/ prep>e = ! dread passage to et]nity2 ,i h made my confession & receiv$ absolution4 ,i wi% all to "k1 & ! good p ( ,tur9 p>ticul>ly1 t ,i die l a good ,*ri/ian4 ,i am at peace ) myself4 ,i h nev] wrong$ any "o40 ,x is a trite say+ t ! rul+ passion ( a man's life ass]ts its p[] at ! h\r ( dea?2 & ! la/ record$ words ( ,c\nt de ,cav\r w\ld seem to %[ t to ! end he 0 m b5t on politics ?an pray]4 ,z ,fri> ,giacomo 0 recit+ solemnly by 8 b$side ! pray]s = ! dep>t+ s\l1 8,frate6 ,frate60 he exclaim$1 :il/ he press$ ! ,fri>'s h&1 8lib]a *iesa 9 lib]a /ato60 7a free *ur* 9 a free /ate74 ,admirable1 no d\bt4 ,b h[ 0 ! great idea to be realiz$1 s9ce ! *ur* c\ld only be free :5 h] m9i/]s 7 dictat$ to1 imprison$1 bani%$1 & o!rwise torm5t$8 ,& :at fre$om = ! /ate1 unless x 7 free to tyrannize ov] & p]secute ! *ur*8 ,judg+ ,cav\r & 8 p>ty by _! acts r ?an _! f9e spee*es1 su* 0 _! idea ( a free *ur* 9 a free /ate4 ,if x be true t1 z m5 live s !y die1 x is n true t ,c\nt de ,cav\r di$ l a good ,*ri/ian4 ,none w be incl9$ to dispute ) him ! com=t :i* he claim$ ( be+ at peace ) himself4 ,b !y :o are aw>e ( ! viol5ce1 ! spoliation1 ! rap9e1 blood%$1 & unspeakable suff]+1 9 all :i* he 01 at lea/1 an accomplice1 if n ! direct cause1 ?r\gh\t ! ,/ates ( ! ,italian ,gr& ,dukes1 ! ,pontifical t]ritories & ! k+dom ( ,naples1 w n easily ackn[l$ge t he spoke tru? :5 he said t 8he _h nev] wrong$ anyone40 ,b let u n[ be sil5t4 ,!re is ,"o1 & only ,"o1 :o judge?4 7,m#hb7 ,consid]+ ! assi/ance s rec5tly af=d$ to ,turkey by ! ,*ri/ian ,p[]s1 h] ,*ri/ian subjects 7 surely entitl$ to h] protection1 ,b gratitude1 x w\ld appe>1 is n "o ( ! virtues ( ,islamism4 ,9 ,june1 #ahfj1 ! ,pa*as dis>m$ & deliv]$ up to _! deadly enemies ! ,*ri/ian ,m>onites ( ,lebanon & ,damascus4 ,ov] a hundr$ villages inhabit$ by ^! p 7 completely de/roy$4 ,nei!r ! ag$ nor ! "y t fell into ! h&s ( ! enemy 7 sp>$2 &1 worse ?an all1 sev5 ?\s& "y wom5 7 c>ri$ captive into ! des]t4 ,9 ^! melan*oly circum/ances1 ,napoleon ,,iii4 act$ honorably & indep5d5tly4 ,he s5t an arm$ exp$ition to *a/ise ! guilty1 & t 9 defiance ( all opposition on ! "p ( 8 allies1 ! ,engli%1 :o1 f national jeal\sy1 resi/$ a ,fr5* protectorate 9 ! ,ea/1 & s assum$ ! disgraceful role ( patroniz+ hordes ( assass9s4 ,incompreh5sible conduct6 s9ce1 a few ye>s lat]1 ! same p 7 s mov$ by ,turki% atrocities 9 ,bulg>ia t no ,briti% gov]nm5t c\ld h d>$ to raise an arm 9 def5ce ( ! crumbl+ ,empire ( ! ,sultan4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 deeply mov$ by ! suff]+s ( 8 fell[-,*ri/ians4 ,9 a lett] ( #bi? ,july1 to ! ,patri>* ( ,antio* & ! ,bi%ops ( 8 ,patri>*ate1 he express$ 8 sorr[ & indignation at ! fe>ful crimes t 7 committ$4 8,x is p>ticul>ly afflict+10 said he1 z he condemn$ c]ta9 spee*es t 7 deliv]$ 9 ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t 9 favor ( ! guilty p>ties1 8t m sympa?y is accord$1 & ev5 m assi/ance ext5d$1 9 our age to ! fom5t]s ( tr\bles & revolutions ?an to _! victims40 ,he comm5d$ ,france1 t _h rememb]$ 9 ! circum/ances h] ,ca?olic traditions1 & intimat$ t he w\ld enc\rage ) all 8 p[] ! lib]al (f]+s ( ! ,*ri/ians ( ! ,we/ 9 support ( _! bre?r5 ( ,syria4 ,he himself1 al?\gh he 0 depriv$ ( 8 accu/om$ rev5ue1 toge!r ) ! great] portion ( 8 /ates1 contriv$ to be/[ consid]able assi/ance4 7,m#hc7 ,a little lat] 9 ! same ye>1 ! ,holy ,fa!r met ) unlook$-= consolation 9 ! conv]sion ( ! ,bulg>ian nation4 ,on ! #bj? ,decemb]1 bi%ops1 prie/s1 & a great _m lay p]sons ( t c\ntry1 abjur$ ! ,photian s*ism1 & address$ to ,rome a solemn act ( union 9 ! "n ( ! majority ( _! fell[-c\ntrym54 ,pius ,,ix4 repli$ on ! #bi? ( ,janu>y1 #ahfa4 ,he 0 pleas$ himself to consecrate 9 ! ,si/9e *apel _! new ar*bi%op1 ,sokolski4 ,! latt]1 z he r5ew$ ! pr(ession ( fai?1 :i* _h be5 already =mulat$ 9 writ+ at ,con/ant9ople1 said to ! ,holy ,fa!r3 8,x is y\r "w t1 al?\gh dead1 we are come to life1 & t1 be+ lo/1 we are f\nd aga940 ,pius ,,ix4 ref]r$ all ! glory to ,god4 8,su* works10 he said1 8are :olly div9e4 ,to ,!e praise1 b5$iction1 ev]la/+ ?anks6 ,o1 ,jesus ,*ri/6 s\rce ( m]cy & ( all consolation60 ,! ,bulg>ians 7 un=tunately situat$4 ,jeal\sies ( race prevail$ among !m1 & did mu* to %ake religi\s pr9ciple4 ,add to ?is t ! s*ismatical ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople agre$ to grant ecclesia/ical autonomy1 z x might be call$1 to ,bulg>ia4 ,?is 0 a deadly bl[ to ! noble impulse :i* l$ !m t[>ds ! c5tre ( ,*ri/ian unity4 ,at fir/ !y 7 ?ree millions ( ,ca?olics4 ,! numb] spe$ily dim9i%$ to "s t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,ar*bi%op ,sokolski sudd5ly disappe>$4 ,x is n kn[n :e!r he ab&on$ 8 po/ or 0 c>ri$ away by =ce4 ,! latt] supposition is1 z yet1 ! m probable4 ,he is ?\ght to h be5 recogniz$1 sev]al times1 9 a ,russian mona/]y1 :i!r he is suppos$ to h be5 tak5 by surprise1 & oblig$ to rema9 aga9/ 8 w4 ,pius ,,ix41 und]/&+ h[ necess>y x 0 t ! new flock %\ld h a resid5t pa/or1 appo9t$ a provisional successor to ,sokolski1 ) ! title ( ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,unit$ ,bulg>ians1 & labor$ assidu\sly to f\nd = him *ur*es & s*ools4 ,?ree s*ismatical ,greek bi%ops1 :o _h s\ght protection at ,rome f ! viol5t proce$+s ( _! patri>*1 did n p]sev]e any m ?an ! majority ( ! ,bulg>ians4 ,a f\r?1 h[ev]1 ,mele?ios1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,drama1 happily rema9$ /eadfa/1 toge!r ) ! ,prote/ant bi%op ( ,malta1 ano!r ,prote/ant bi%op1 :o 0 an ,am]ican ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & sev]al prelates ( ! ,greek s*ism1 ,arm5ians1 ,*aldeans or ,copts4 ,all ^!1 ab\t ?is "t1 plac$ !mselves "u ! crook ( ! ,supreme ,pa/or4 7,m#hd7 ,%ortly be=e ! dea? ( ,c\nt de ,cav\r1 ! ,emp]or ,napoleon 0 pleas$ to def9e ! new limits ( ! papal doma94 ,9 do+ s1 he left ! rec5tly ali5at$ prov9ces to ,pi$mont1 & & conf9$ ! ,pontiff to a comp>atively small t]ritory ar\nd ! city ( ,rome4 ,he c\ld n h sanction$ m decid$ly or m publicly ! unju/ifiable spoliation ( ! ,s>d9ian k+4 ,su* a proce$+ _c b appe> inconsi/5t to su* z are aw>e only ( 8 app>5t qu>rel ) ?is mon>*1 & ! )drawal ( 8 ambassador f ,tur94 ,to ^?1 on ! contr>y1 :o h k (1 & consid] 8 secret conf]5ce )1 ! ,pi$montese ,envoys at ,*amb]y1 & ! viol5t attack on ! ,papal ,/ates1 :i*1 not)/&+ ! public & (ficial prote/ ( ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t ?r\gh _! consul at ,ancona1 imm$iately foll[$1 x w appe> t ,l\is ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*1 0 only act+ up to 8 policy & "*4 ,soon aft] ?is new di/ribution ( t]ritory1 ! 8,k+dom ( ,italy0 0 (ficially recogniz$ by ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,fr5* ,emp]or2 & ?is recognition pav$ ! way = t ( ! o!r ,p[]s1 by mo/ ( :om1 aft] "s "t1 x 0 reluctantly giv54 7,m#he7 ,cav\r 0 dead4 ,b ,s>d9ian ambition di$ n ) him4 ,b>on ,ricasoli1 :o succe$$ him z ,prime ,m9i/]1 enc\rag$ by ! support ( ,france1 :i* 0 no long] disguis$1 actually wrote1 9 ! "n ( 8 k+1 bo? to ! ,pope & ,c>d9al ,antonelli1 urg+ !m to give up ! sov]eignty ( ,rome4 ,?is 0 done1 n1 ( c\rse1 f any ambiti\s motive1 b ) a view to c>ry+ out _! great designs1 su* z ! reg5]ation ( society1 &1 above all1 _! conception ( a 8free *ur* 9 a free /ate40 ,! m9i/] concludes magniloqu5tly3 8,x is 9 y\r p[]1 ,holy ,fa!r1 to r5ew1 once m1 ! face ( ! e>?4 ,y c raise ! ,apo/olic ,see to a height unkn[n = ages4 ,if y wi% to be great] ?an e>?ly sov]eigns1 ca/ away f y ! wret*$ k+%ip :i* br+s y d[n to _! level4 ,italy w be/[ ^u y a firm seat1 entire lib]ty1 & new greatness4 ,%e rev]es 9 y ! ,pontiff2 b %e w n /op 9 h] progress = ! ,pr9ce4 ,%e int5ds to rema9 ,ca?olic2 b %e purposes to be a free & indep5d5t nation4 ,if y w only he>k5 to ! pray]s ( t daught] :om y love s de>ly1 y w ga9 ov] s\ls m p[] ?an y c lose z a pr9ce1 & f ! ,vatican1 z y lift y\r h& to bless ,rome & ! _w1 y w behold ! nations1 re/or$ to _! rights1 b[ d[n be=e y1 _! def5d] & protector40 ,! new m9i/]1 less w>y ?an 8 pr$ecessor1 imm$iately set ab\t realiz+ 8 gr& idea4 ,) :at success w soon be se54 7,m#hf7 ,! ,pi$montese conque/s _h n be5 made )\t co/4 ,enorm\s sums _h be5 sp5t 9 corrupt+ ! ,neapolitan p4 ,l>ge am\nts 7 /ill scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! annex$ prov9ces1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 _! loyalty to ! new p[]2 & ! press 0 lib]ally subsidiz$1 bo? 9 ,italy & abroad4 ,= su* heavy exp5diture money mu/ be _h4 ,rem6 quomodocunque modo rem6 ,an exp$i5t :i* occurs s readily to revolutions 0 _h rec\rse to4 ,! prop]ties ( ! conv5ts & ! treasures ( ! *ur*es 7 seiz$4 ,memb]s ( religi\s communities 7 expell$ f _! mona/]ies & r$uc$ to m5dicity4 ,! laws ( ! *ur* 7 trampl$ "u foot1 toge!r ) ! rights ( citiz5s4 ,! ,jesuits 7 bani%$ & cruelly maltreat$ l s _m felons4 ,religi\s corporations 7 suppress$1 ! fai?ful cl]gy 7 ?r[n into prison1 & _m dioceses & p>i%es depriv$ ( _! pa/ors4 ,pius ,,ix4 deplor$ ^! calamities 9 8 ,allocution ( #cj? ,novemb]1 #ahfa4 ,9 t ( #ah? ,m>* ( ! same ye>1 he _h repli$ to ^? :o conjur$ him to be reconcil$ ) mod]n civilization3 8,! ,holy ,see10 ! ,pontiff insi/$1 8is always consi/5t4 ,x has nev] ceas$ to promote & su/a9 civilization4 ,hi/ory be>s witness to ?is fact4 ,x %[s mo/ eloqu5tly t1 9 e age1 ! ,popes c>ri$ civilization into b>b>\s nations1 & ev5 to ! remote/ l&s4 ,b is t true civilization :i* enslaves ! *ur*1 makes no acc\nt ( treaties1 & recognizes n ! rights ( weak] p>ties8 ,x is q c]ta9 t ! *ur* c nev] come to an und]/&+ ) su* civilization4 ,:at is !re 9 common1 says ! apo/le1 betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,belial8 ,z to mak+ fri5d%ip ) ! usurp]s ( our prov9ces1 be=e !y h %[n rep5tance1 let no su* ?+ be hop$ =4 ,to make su* a proposition to u1 is to ask ?is see1 :i* has always be5 ! ramp>t ( ju/ice & tru?1 to sanction ! pr9ciple t a /ol5 object c be possess$ 9 peace by ! ?ief1 & t inju/ice :i* succe$s is ju/ifi$ by success4 ,we l\dly decl>e1 !re=e1 be=e ,god & m51 t !re is no reason :y we %\ld be reconcil$ ) any "o4 ,our only duty1 9 ?is connection1 is to =give our enemies1 & to pray = !m1 9 ord] t !y may be conv]t$4 ,?is we d 9 all s9c]ity4 ,b :5 we are ask$ to d :at is unju/1 we _c give our cons5t3 ,pr/>e non possumus40 ,a little lat]1 ,janu>y1 #ahfb1 ,c>d9al ,antonelli repli$ 9 ! "n ( ,pius ,,ix4 to ! ,m>quis de ,lavallette1 ! ,fr5* ,ambassador at ,rome1 %[+ t x 0 by no means true to say t ! ,pope 0 at v>iance ) ,italy4 8,an ,italian himself1 & ! *ief ,italian1 he suff]s :5 ,italy suff]s1 & he beholds ) pa9 ! sev]e trials to :i* ! ,italian *ur* is subject$4 ,z to arrang+ ) ^? :o h robb$ u1 we nev] w d any su* ?+4 ,all transaction on ?is gr\nd is impossible4 ,by :atev] res]vations x might be accompani$1 ) :atev] +5uity ( language x might be disguis$1 we c\ld n accept1 )\t appe>+ to consecrate ! wrong4 ,! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 be=e 8 exaltation1 z well z ! c>d9als be=e _! nom9ation1 b9d !mselves by oa? to c$e no portion ( ! t]ritory ( ! *ur*4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 !re=e1 w n make any concession ( ?is k9d4 ,nei!r a ,conclave1 nor a new ,pontiff1 nor 8 successors 9 any age1 w\ld be entitl$ to make su* concession40 ,! revolutioni/s1 h[ev]1 c\ld help !mselves4 ,x w\ld n be difficult to imag9e ! p ( ,italy1 a few g5]ations h5ce1 if1 inde$1 ! k+dom ( ,italy be de/9$ to la/ s long1 look+ back to _! f\nd]s ) t same k9d ( pride :i* animat$ ! great ,romans :5 !y ?\ght ( ,romulus & ,remus1 & ! b& ( brig&s :o help$ !m to f\nd ! city4 7,m#hg7 ,ab\t ?is "t ! ,fr5* p>liam5t>y *amb]s began to enjoy1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 lib]ty ( spee*4 ,!y c\ld n[ discuss an address to ! sov]eign1 & give full publicity to _! debates4 ,inquiry c\ld n[ be made to "s purpose1 :e!r ! ,italian policy ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 0 sanction$ by ,france1 :e!r t ab]ration 7 national :i* impell$ to ! violation ( all "r & law1 9 ord] to unify ,italy1 & pave ! way1 at ! same "t1 = ! unification ( ,g]many4 ,! revolution>y left ( ! ,fr5* p>liam5t1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 favor$ ! ,emp]or's revolution>y =eign policy4 ,b ! lib]ty ( debate %[$ t !re 0 a p[]ful m9ority oppos$ to !m1 & ?is m9ority enjoy$ ! sanction ( ! greate/ /atesm5 ( ! age4 ,9 ! ,s5ate1 not)/&+ ! abs5ce ( e memb] ( ! ,legitimi/ p>ty1 z well z t ( ,messrs4 de ,montalemb]t & de ,fall\1 :om a coalition ( ! despotism ( ! day ) radicalism _h caus$ to lose _! seats1 a tol]able numb] ( ! mo/ devot$ p>tisans ( ! empire %[$ a boldness ( language1 toge!r ) well-def9$ /atesmanlike views1 to :i* ! ,imp]ial regime 0 n accu/om$4 ,sev]al ( ! able/ orators concurr$ 9 pres5t+ an am5dm5t to ! address to ! ?rone 9 favor ( ! ,pope's temporal sov]eignty4 ,x 01 ( c\rse1 oppos$ by ! gov]nm5t1 b 0 support$1 nev]!less1 by sixty votes to sev5ty-n9e4 ,9 ! legislative assembly1 not)/&+ all ! ability display$ by ! repres5tatives ( ! gov]nm5t1 ! ,emp]or's ,italian policy c\ld obta9 ! support ( only #afa votes1 :il/ x 0 condemn$ by ! p[]ful m9ority ( n9ety-"o4 ,! radical lead]s ( ! majority n[ ?\ght ! "t opportune = dem&+ ! recall ( ! ,fr5* troops f ,rome4 ,! gov]nm5t w5t dead aga9/ x1 & invit$ ! deputies to jo9 ) x 9 condemn+ ! inord9ate & p]si/5t ambition ( ! revolution4 ,?is ! assembly did by a solid vote ( ! :ole h\se to five4 ,( ?is preci\s qu9tet1 ,jules ,favre & ,emile ,olivi]1 ! lead]s ( ! gov]nm5t1 7 two4 ,su* national demon/rations 9 favor ( ! sov]eignty :i* he _h done 8 be/ to cru% 7 v irritat+ to ! ,emp]or ,napoleon2 & al?\gh he endeavor$ to appe> :olly absorb$ by 8 life ( ,cs>1 he c\ld n avoid %[+ by 8 acts h[ pr(\ndly he 0 di/urb$ by be+ ?w>t$4 ,ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ,france ! ,ca?olics 7 made to suff]4 ,! cl]gy 7 p]secut$ z f> z ! laws ( ! c\ntry w\ld all[1 & ! ,imp]ial ang] w5t s f> z to wreak its v5geance on ! poor by suppress+ t b5evol5t & non-political in/itution1 ! ,association ( ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul4 ,ne$less to say t1 at ! same "t1 ! ,ca?olic press 0 held 9 fett]s4 ,!re 0 no relaxation 9 its favor till ! ye> #ahfg1 :5 ! law ext5d+ ! lib]ty ( ! press became available to ,ca?olic z well z all o!r writ]s4 ,! ,emp]or ev5 sacrific$ ! be/ support]s ( ! ,imp]ial sy/em on acc\nt ( _! dislike to 8 anti-,roman policy4 ,n only f su* m5 did w>n+s come1 b also f em95t /atesm5 ( =m] regimes1 su* z ,messrs4 ,sauzet1 de ,broglie1 ,vitet1 & ev5 ,m4 ,guizot1 :o 0 a ,prote/ant1 toge!r ) ,messrs4 ,?i]s1 ,c\s9 & ,dufaure1 :o 7 only nom9al ,ca?olics4 8,madame10 said ,m4 ,?i]s1 "o day1 to ! ,empress1 ) m tru? ?an politesse1 8hi/ory lays d[n ! law t quiconque mange du ,pape en creve407#f7 ,s _m & su* decid$ manife/ations ( public op9ion 7 n )\t _! effects4 ,no less a p]sonage ?an ,g>ibaldi1 rely+1 z he ?\ght he c\ld d1 on ,pi$montese support1 n[ und]took to realize to ! full ! revolution>y programme--! ,k+dom ( ,italy1 ) ,rome = its capital4 ,! ,k+ ( ,pi$mont1 :il/ he publicly dis[n$ ! filibu/]1 z he _h affect$ to dis[n him 9 ,sicily1 held an army 9 res]ve = 8 support4 ,he expect$ himself to be (ficially condemn$1 :il/ 9 reality1 z usual1 privately su/a9$4 7,m#hh7 ,9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1 ! policy ( 8 ,imp]ial patron 0 consid]ably modifi$2 & ord]s 7 despat*$ to 8 ,s>d9ian ,maje/y1 :i* he c\ld nei!r take z a bl9d nor d>e to disreg>d4 ,s ! ,pi$montese army1 :i* 0 int5d$ to aid ! filibu/]s 9 ! sack ( ,rome1 0 oblig$ to fight !m4 ,x came up ) ! b&s ( ,g>ibaldi1 at a place call$ ,aspromonte1 on ! #bi? ( ,augu/1 #ahfb4 ,! irregul> =ce 0 defeat$1 its lead] w\nd$ 9 ! heel & tak5 prison]4 ,g>ibaldi be+ s r5[n$ a w>rior--,a*illes 0 no?+ to him--0 imm$iately releas$4 ,napoleon _h spok5 s9c]ely at la/4 ,if he _h always done s !re w\ld h be5 less disord]1 less violation ( all "r & less blood%$1 9 br++ toge!r ! prov9ces & /ates ( ,italy4 ,if x _h be5 8 policy to concur ) ! ,pope & ! p>ty ( true re=m1 in/ead ( patroniz+ a filibu/]+ pr9ce1 he might h liv$ to see a less objectionable & m la/+ unification ( ,italy ?an t :i* he s p[]fully aid$ 9 a*iev+4 ,! intrigu+ ,cab9et ( ,tur9 took great cr$it to itself = hav+ s vigor\sly act$1 al?\gh aga9/ its w1 9 prev5t+ ,g>ibaldi f seiz+ ,rome4 ,z a rew>d = ?is signal s]vice1 x boldly propos$ to g !re itself4 ,b ! "t _h n yet come4 ,! fall ( ,rome 0 de/9$ to occur simultane\sly ) ano!r ev5t1 9 :i* ! ,emp]or ,napoleon 0 directly & p]sonally int]e/$4 ,to d him ju/ice1 he 0 f ?is "t anxi\s t matt]s %\ld be settl$ advantage\sly to ! ,holy ,see1 b )\t prejudice to ! revolution4 ,! idea 0 *im]ical4 ,b t is no reason = suppos+ t x 0 n s9c]ely ent]ta9$4 7,m#hi7 ,! v5]able ,pontiff d]iv$ "s com=t f ! resolve ( ! ,fr5* nation1 9 :i* all p>ties1 z has be5 se51 concurr$1 & ! det]m9ation ( its ,imp]ial head to *eck ! c>e] ( revolution1 & leave ,rome to its legitimate sov]eign4 ,b mean:ile m abundant consolations 9 ! spiritual ord] 7 %[]$ ^u him4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! great /ruggle 9 :i* !re 0 n[1 at l5g?1 a pause1 he 0 practically ab&on$1 ev5 by ! mo/ fri5dly nations4 ,x n[ fell to 8 lot to fulfil a high duty incid5t to ! ,pontifical (fice1 & ! nations1 ?r\gh _! num]\s repres5tatives1 flock$ ar\nd him4 ,no e>?ly pr9ce 0 ev] s su/a9$ by ! sympa?ies ( mank9d4 ,! "t _h n[ arriv$1 all rese>* & inve/igation hav+ come to a close1 :5 ^? h]oes ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? :o1 9 ! ye> #aeig1 _h suff]$ m>tyrdom at ! h&s ( ! ,japanese1 %\ld be solemnly canoniz$4 ,!y 7 tw5ty-six 9 numb]4 ,"o ( ^! 0 an ,am]ican1 & suff]$ at ,nagasaki 9 ! ye> j m5tion$4 ,ano!r process ( canonization _h also be5 conclud$--t ( ! bless$ ,mi*ael de ,sanctis1 a ,tr9it>ian1 & memb] ( ! ord] = ! ,r$emption ( ,captives4 ,pius ,,ix4 _h invit$ ! bi%ops to att5d ! important c]emony4 ,! ,s>d9ian gov]nm5t1 :i* took cr$it to itself = hav+ e/abli%$ a 8free *ur* 9 a free /ate10 =bade ! ,italian bi%ops to visit ,rome on ?is occasion4 ,no few] ?an n9ety bi%ops prote/$ aga9/ ?is mock]y ( lib]ty1 & decl>$ t no?+ b ! /rong h& ( p[] c\ld h prev5t$ !m f repair+ to ! holy city4 ,not)/&+ ! =c$ abs5ce ( s _m bi%ops1 !re 7 at ,rome ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree c>d9als1 patri>*s1 ar*bi%ops & bi%ops1 m ?an f\r ?\s& prie/s1 & "o hundr$ ?\s& /rang]s ( v>i\s nations & classes4 ,humble curates ( ! ,alp9e regions1 :o 7 too poor to und]take ! j\rney1 subscrib$ 9 ord] to s5d a few ( _! numb] 9 ! "n ( ! re/4 ,num]\s %ips :i* 71 = ! "t1 z float+ conv5ts1 sail$ f ! ports ( ,france1 ,spa9 & ,italy1 invok+ ,m>y ! ,/> ( ! ,sea--,ave ,m>is ,/ella--:il/ masses ( p respond$ f ! %ore2 ! he>ts ( all 7 ) !m4 ,!re 0 high fe/ival at ,rome f ,asc5sion ,day to ,:itsuntide4 ,all ?\ghts ( politics 7 dismiss$2 ! gr& religi\s celebration absorb+ all att5tion4 ,z (t5 z ,pius ,,ix4 appe>$ 9 public1 he 0 honor$ ) an ovation4 ,on "o occasion1 9 p>ticul>1 !re 0 a great demon/ration by ! cl]gy & ! artill]ym5 ( ! ,fr5* army1 on ! day be=e ,p5teco/ ,sunday4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,tulle1 ,mgr4 ,b]teaud1 ,mgr4 ,dupanl\p ( ,orleans1 & o!r bi%ops1 address$ imm5se cr[ds1 & produc$ religi\s emotion 9 :i* unbeliev]s c\ld n help p>ticipat+4 ,x is n record$ t ,pius ,,ix4 _h prea*$ 9 public s9ce ! beg9n+ ( 8 ,pontificate4 ,he n[1 on ! #f? ( ,june1 deliv]$ ! ^w ( ,god 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 speak+ fir/ 9 ,lat9 & aft]w>ds 9 ,fr5*4 ,8 audi5ce consi/$ ( f\r ?\s& prie/s1 z _m z c\ld be assembl$ )9 ! spaci\s edifice4 ,all 7 deeply mov$1 & only refra9$ ?r\gh rev]5ce f giv+ v5t to _! feel+s4 ,z soon z ! ,holy ,fa!r _h ann\nc$ ! apo/olic b5$iction1 "o ( ! prie/s happily inton$ ! liturgical pray]3 8,oremus pro ,pontifice no/ro ,pio40 8,let u pray = our ,pontiff ,pius40 ,all pres5t1 z if ) "o voice1 respond$3 8,! ,"l pres]ve him & give him life1 & make him bless$ ^u e>?1 & deliv] him n to ! w ( 8 enemies40 ,"o may h "s idea h[ ! ,ca?olic m9d 0 impress$1 f ! words ( ,m4 ,l\is ,veuillot3 8,we trav]s$ our belov$ ,rome ) filial affection4 ,& if ! ?\ght occurr$ to u t !re exi/$ a design to rob u ( x1 our feel+ 0 "o ( ang] r ?an ( fe>4 ,we pass$ f sanctu>y to sanctu>y1 inquir+ z to ! places :]e ,pius ,,ix4 w\ld appe>1 9 ord] to pay pr(\nde/ rev]5ce to ! ,holy ,pontiff4 #8,no1 no1' exclaim$ a bi%op1 z he came f ! pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 #8x is n true1 x is n possible6 ,d n believe t !re are ,victor ,emmanuels1 ,g>ibaldis1 ,ratazzis6 ,su* a man _c h enemies6' 0 ,on ,p5teco/ ,sunday1 ,june #h?1 #ahfb1 x 0 kn[n t ! ,basilica ( ,/4 ,pet] w\ld be op5 at five o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,all night ! neighbor+ /reets 7 cr[d$1 & :5 ! gates 7 ?r[n op5 t greate/ ( e>?'s temples 0 fill$ 9 a few m9utes4 ,! ,pontifical troops 7 on gu>d inside4 ,! =eign ambassadors1 ! royal family ( ,naples1 & o!r di/+ui%$ p]sons fill$ ! tribunes2 & ! ,fr5* infantry 0 mass$ on ,/4 ,pet]'s place4 ,! *ur* 0 appropriately decorat$ ) pa9t+s repres5t+ sc5es 9 ! lives ( ! m>tyrs & illu/ri\s confessors4 ,! ?\s&s ( lights :i* %one ar\nd add$ spl5dor to ! sc5e4 ,at sev5 o'clock ! great procession began to move4 ,fir/ came a troop ( orphans1 !n appe>$ ! /ud5ts ( ! ecclesia/ical sem9>ies4 ,^! 7 foll[$ by religi\s communities & ! secul> cl]gy4 ,bi%ops came next1 & ar*bi%ops1 patri>*s & c>d9als4 ,!n appe>$ ! ,supreme ,pa/or1 prec$$ by ! bann]s ( ! sa9ts t 7 to be canoniz$4 ,all besides 0 n[ =got1 z ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 borne sl[ly along1 seat$ on ! s$ia ge/atoria1 :i* 0 c>ri$ by twelve att5dants 9 sc>let cloaks4 ,! ,ti>a add$ dignity to ! noble figure ( ! ,pontiff4 ,9 8 left h&1 :i* 0 veil$ ) :ite silk1 embroid]$ ) gold1 he held a light$ wax tap]1 :ile 8 "r 0 left free to bless ! p z he pass$ along4 ,! correspond5t ( ! ,london ,times1 :o 0 a ,prote/ant1 says3 8,look+ ov] ! sea ( heads plac$ betwe5 me & ! procession1 ,i obs]v$ t all knelt be=e ,pius ,,ix41 ! meek & ! good1 = x is only ju/ice s to speak ( him4 ,! *ant]s ( ! ,vatican *ant$ 9 angelic tones3 ,tu es ,petrus1 & ^! tones1 s(t5$ r ?an weak5$ by di/ance1 p]vad$ ! :ole edifice l spirits4 ,at int]vals1 ano!r gr\p *ant$3 ,ave ,m>is ,/ella1 & ?us ! ,pope 0 borne1 ?r\gh ! ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ians :o _h come f e c\ntry on :i* ! sun %9es1 to ! high alt> beh9d ! tomb ( ! apo/les40 ,9 ! mid/ ( s mu* pomp & glory1 ,pius ,,ix4 0 humble & collect$1 ref]r+ all to ,him ( :om he 0 only ! repres5tative on e>?4 ,at ! same "t1 8 s\l ov]fl[$ ) happ9ess :5 he saw t !re 0 /ill s mu* fai? 9 ,israel4 ,! ,sov]eign ,pontiff n[ took 8 seat ^u ! ,papal ?rone1 & hav+ receiv$ ! ob$i5ce ( ! c>d9als & bi%ops1 he 0 approa*$ by ! consi/orial advocate1 :o ?rice petition$ him to p]mit ! names ( ! glori\s m>tyrs & confessors to be inscrib$ on ! dipty*s ( ! sa9ts1 :i* ! *ur* recognizes & holds sacr$4 ,aft] ! reque/ _h be5 made ! ?ird "t1 ! ,holy ,fa!r read 9 a cle> & audible voice ! decree ( canonization4 ,he !n inton$ ! ,te ,deum1 :i* 0 *ant$ by ! imm5se congregation4 ,! c]emonies conclud$ ) a solemn ,high ,mass1 :i* 0 celebrat$ by ! ,pope himself1 surr\nd$ by ! c>d9als & bi%ops4 ,! p sp5t ! rema9d] ( ! day 9 pi\s rejoic+4 ,!y 7 gay & expansive1 b calm & bro!rly2 ?us exhibit+1 )\t be+ consci\s ( x1 a spectacle unkn[n to ! inhabitants ( o!r capitals4 7,m#ij7 ,! demon/rations :i* took place at ,rome on ! foll[+ day 7 n less important1 & p]haps _h great] significance1 al?\gh n accompani$ by s mu* pomp & c]emony4 ,!re 0 held 9 ! ,palace ( ! ,vatican a semi-public consi/ory1 at :i* all ! bi%ops :o 7 at ,rome att5d$4 ,! v5]able ,pontiff d5\nc$1 9 8 allocution to ! att5tive audi5ce1 ^? errors :i* are too anci5t to h ev5 ! m]it ( orig9ality1 b :i* are ! m dang]\s t1 at ! pres5t "t m ?an ev]1 !y are l\dly prea*$ & widely dissem9at$4 ,he allud$ 9 p>ticul> to t ,g]man criticism1 :i* views our sacr$ books z no?+ bett] ?an a sy/em ( my?ology1 & to t too well-kn[n romance ( a ,fr5* writ]1 ,m4 ,r5an1 entitl$3 8,! ,life ( ,jesus40 ,he condemn$ mat]ialism1 pan!ism1 naturalism1 & all ^? m or less degrad+ sy/ems :i* d5y human lib]ty1 proclaim a morality indep5d5t ( ! laws ( ,god2 :i* d]ive f mat]ial =ce & sup]ior numb]s all law & au?ority3 & :i* 9 philosophy make reason _! ,god1 ! /ate 9 politics1 & passion 9 ! daily conduct ( life4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r !n ?ank$ ! bi%ops :o 7 pres5t1 regrett+ ! abs5ce ( ^? ( ,portugal & ,italy1 ! latt] ( :om 7 re/ra9$ by ! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t1 & exhort$ !m all to cont9ue to combat error1 & to turn away ! eyes & h&s ( ! fai?ful f bad books & bad j\rnals1 & to promote1 )\t ev] we>y+1 ! in/ruction ( ! cl]gy & ! good education ( y\?4 ,he conclud$1 9 a voice :i* 0 imp$$ by 8 te>s1 & ) 8 eyes rais$ to heav51 by jo9+ ) all pres5t 9 besee*+ ! ,fa!r ( m]cies1 ?r\gh ! m]its ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,8 only ,son1 to ext5d a help+ h& to ,*ri/ian & civil society1 & to re/ore peace to ! *ur*4 ,c>d9al ,mattei1 dean ( ! ,sacr$ ,college1 repli$ 9 ! "n ( all ! bi%ops4 ,?ree po9ts *iefly1 among o!rs1 7 affirm$ 9 8 decl>ation4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! supreme doctr9al au?ority & infallibility ( ! ,roman ,pontiff4 8,y are 9 our reg>d ! ma/] ( s\nd doctr9e4 ,y are ! c5tre ( unity4 ,y are ! f\ndation ( ! *ur* itself1 aga9/ :i* ! gates ( hell %all n prevail4 ,:5 y speak1 we he> ,pet]4 ,:5 y decree1 we obey ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,we admire y 9 ! mid/ ( s _m trials & tempe/s1 ) a s]5e br[ & un%ak5 m9d1 inv9cibly fulfill+ y\r sacr$ m9i/ry40 ,next1 ! temporal sov]eignty ( ! ,holy ,see4 8,we ackn[l$ge t y\r temporal sov]eignty is necess>y1 & t x 0 e/abli%$ 9 fulfilm5t ( a manife/ design ( ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,we hesitate n to decl>e t ?is temporal sov]eignty is requir$ = ! good ( ! *ur* & ! free gov]nm5t ( s\ls4 ,x 0 necess>y t ! ,supreme ,pontiff %\ld be nei!r ! subject nor ev5 ! gue/ ( any pr9ce4 ,!re 0 requir$ 9 ! c5tre ( ,europe a sacr$ bond1 plac$ betwe5 ! ?ree cont95ts ( ! anci5t _w1 an augu/ seat1 :5ce arises 9 turns1 = peoples & = pr9ces1 a great & p[]ful voice1 ! voice ( ju/ice & ( tru?1 imp>tial & )\t pref]5ce1 free f all arbitr>y influ5ce1 & :i* c nei!r be repress$ by fe> nor circumv5t$ by artifice4 ,h[ c\ld x h be5 t at ?is v mom5t ! prelates ( ! *ur*1 arriv+ f all po9ts ( ! univ]se1 %\ld h come "h 9 ord] to repres5t all peoples1 & conf] 9 security on ! grave/ int]e/s1 if !y _h f\nd any pr9ce :omsoev] rul+ 9 ?is l& :o _h suspicions ( _! pr9ces1 or :o 0 suspect$ by !m on acc\nt ( 8 ho/ility8 ,9 su* case _! duties z citiz5s might h conflict$ ) _! duties z bi%ops40 ,f9ally1 ! intimate union ( ! ,ca?olic _w ) ! ,pope4 8,we condemn ! errors :i* y h condemn$4 ,we reprove ! sacrilegi\s acts1 ! violations ( ecclesia/ical immunity1 & ! o!r crimes committ$ aga9/ ! *air ( ,pet]4 ,we give utt]ance to ?is prote/1 :i* we claim %all be ins]t$ 9 ! annals ( ! *ur*1 9 all s9c]ity1 9 ! "n ( our bre?r5 :o are abs5t1 9 ! "n ( ^? :o1 deta9$ at home by =ce1 lam5t & are sil5t1 9 ! "n ( ^? :om ! /ate ( _! heal? or important affairs h prev5t$ f jo9+ u 9 ?is place4 ,to our numb] we add ! cl]gy & ! fai?ful p :o give y pro( ( _! love & v5]ation by _! assidu\s pray]s1 z well z by ! (f]+ ( ,pet]'s p5ce4 ,w\ld to ,god t all k+s & p[]ful m5 9 ! _w und]/ood t ! cause ( ! ,pontiff is ! cause ( all /ates4 ,w\ld to ,god t !y came to an und]/&+ 9 ord] to place 9 security ! sacr$ cause ( ! ,*ri/ian _w & ( social ord]40 ,pius ,,ix4 made reply3 8,unit$ z we are1 v5]able bre?r51 we _c d\bt t ! ,god ( peace & *>ity is ) u4 ,& if ,god be ) u1 :o %all be aga9/ u8 ,praise1 honor1 glory to ,god6 ,to y1 peace1 salvation & joy6 ,peace to y\r m9ds2 salvation to ! fai?ful committ$ to y\r c>e2 joy to y & to !m1 9 ord] t y may all rejoice1 *aunt+ a new canticle 9 ! ,h\se ( ,god = ev]more60 ,! address :i* ,c>d9al ,mattei read bore ! signatures ( all ! bi%ops :o 7 9 ,rome4 ,! bi%ops ( ,italy ha/5$ to express _! concurr5ce1 ) "o exception1 ,ariano1 :o _h p>ticipat$ 9 ! revolution>y movem5t1 & :o came to an unhappy dea? )9 ! ye>4 ,!re came1 9 due c\rse1 num]\s adhesions f all p>ts ( ! _w1 toge!r ) c\ntless addresses f ! cl]gy ( ! second ord]4 ,! laity1 on _! "p1 receiv$ ! bi%ops on _! return home ) triumphal honors4 ,!y came ar\nd !m & escort$ !m to ! pulpits ( _! ca!drals1 9 ord] to he> f _! lips all t _h tak5 place at ,rome4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,m\l9s1 ,mgr4 de ,dr\x ,breze1 admirably express$ 9 a few words ! impressions ( ! v5]able pilgrims3 8,rome is a city ( wond]s2 b ! wond] ( ,rome is ,pius ,,ix40 ,! moral result ( all ^! manife/ations 0 incalculable4 ,at a "t :5 univ]sal suffrage _h come into vogue1 x 0 impossible n to see 9 all ?is1 f a m]ely wordly po9t ( view1 indirect1 inde$1 b /rik+ly univ]sal suffrage4 ,! vote ( ! :ole ,ca?olic _w 0 %[n1 unit$ ) t ( ! ,romans1 9 affirm+ ! rights ( ! ,ca?olic _w ov] ,rome1 :il/ appe>$1 at ! same "t1 ! det]m9ation ( ! ,romans to reta9 _! *]i%$ autonomy1 & to rema9 ! capital ( ! ,ca?olic _w4 ,! p>liam5t ( ,tur9 0 greatly agitat$4 ,!re 0 indescribable confusion1 s t discussion 0 impossible4 ,!y vot$1 9 opposition to ! ,episcopal & ,pontifical allocutions1 an address to ,victor ,emmanuel1 ! "* ( :i* may be ga!r$ f ! foll[+ few words3 8,sire1 bi%ops1 almo/ all /rang]s 9 ,italy1 h proclaim$ ! /range doctr9e t ,rome is ! slave ( ! ,ca?olic _w4 ,we reply to !m by decl>+ t we are resolv$1 to ma9ta9 inviolable ! "r ( ! nation & t ( ! ,italian metropolis1 :i* is1 at pres5t1 reta9$ by =ce "u a dete/$ yoke40 ,x 0 ( a piece ) _m o!r ass]tions ( ! revolution>y p>ty t ! ,romans dete/$ ! rule ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,x 0 p>ticul>ly audaci\s to make su* an ass]tion 9 face ( ! en?usia/ic demon/rations :i* _h j be5 made 9 ! city ( ! ,popes4 ,!y _h =bidd5 ! pres5ce ( ! ,italian bi%ops at ,rome1 & nev]!less !y d>$ to compla9 t almo/ all ! bi%ops :o ga!r$ ar\nd ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff 7 /rang]s 9 ,italy4 ,b :at did ?is avail !m8 ,did n ! ,italian bi%ops decid$ly express complete concurr5ce ) _! bre?r58 ,x is /ill m surpris+ t ! ,emp]or ,napoleon took no w>n+ f ! words ( ! ,tur9 p>liam5t1 & w5t s f> z to conclude an agreem5t ) !m = ! pres]vation to ! ,pope ( ! ,holy ,city4 7,m#ia7 ,x is difficult to und]/& h[ a p num]ically s weak z ! inhabitants ( t portion ( ! once great k+dom ( ,pol&1 :i* fell to ! ,russian ,empire at ! "t ( ! un=tunate p>tition1 c\ld h und]tak5 a rebellion aga9/ s great a ,p[] z ,russia4 ,b provocation1 patriotism1 ! s5se ( nationality1 toge!r ) ! ard5t love ( lib]ty1 set ! laws ( prud5ce at defiance4 ,t provocation mu/ h be5 ( no ord9>y k9d :i* c\ld excite1 9 ,russian ,pol&1 a ?ird rebellion1 :i* _h no bett] prospect ( success ?an ! two =m]1 :i* result$ s disa/r\sly = ! unhappy ,poles4 ,&1 inde$1 :at c\ld be worse or m calculat$ to cause insurrection ?an ! cruelties1 crimes & sacrilegi\s acts :i* ! ,russian gov]nm5t 0 guilty ( ?r\gh\t ,pol& 9 ! ye>s #ahfa & #ahfb8 ,! *ur*es ( t ill-fat$ c\ntry 7 seiz$ & pr(an$1 div9e s]vice int]dict$1 & ! bi%ops arraign$ be=e c\rts-m>tial & ca/ into prison4 ,su* atrocities1 in/ead ( cru%+1 only increas$ ! patriotism ( ! p4 ,russian policy1 baffl$ z 0 to be expect$1 9 its design ( e/abli%+ tranquillity by su* b>b>\s proce$+s1 _h rec\rse to a rigid conscription int5d$ to h ! effect ( =c+ all ! patriotic y\? ( ! c\ntry into ! ranks ( ! ,russian army4 ,?is viol5t recruit+ 0 fir/ attempt$ at ,w>saw1 at dead ( night1 on ! #ae? ( ,janu>y1 #ahfc4 ,:5 ! news ( ?is viol5ce spread ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 all ! "y m5 capable ( be>+ arms fl$ to ! /eppes & =e/s1 &1 9 eight days1 all ,pol& 0 9 rebellion = ! ?ird "t1 9 ord] to break ! yoke ( ! =eign]4 ,a ^w f ! great ,p[]s1 or any "o ( !m1 w\ld h re/or$ peace4 ,b !y all alike refus$ to speak ?is ^w4 ,! ,briti%1 aft] hav+ enc\rag$ ! ,poles to resi/ance 9 public spee*es1 7 on ! po9t ( int]v5+ 9 _! behalf1 :5 a h9t f ,m4 de ,bism>k sudd5ly cool$ _! zeal1 & det]m9$ ,"l ,john ,russell to recall by telegraph ?reat5+ despat*es :i* 7 already on _! way to ,/4 ,pet]sburgh4 ,x ne$ sc>cely be said t ,prussia1 :i* 0 an accomplice ( ,russia 9 ! iniquit\s p>tition1 made common cause ) ,russia 9 ! "w ( repression4 ,au/ria 0 at ! "t p>alyz$1 z ,italy 0 ?reat5+ ,v5ice4 ,italy simply express$ to ,pr9ce ,gorts*ak(f1 ! ,russian ,*ancellor1 8its confid5ce t ! ,emp]or ,alex&] w\ld p]sev]e 9 ! re=ms s un=tunately int]rupt$ by ! rebellion40 ,innoc5t ,italians6 ,!y1 ( c\rse1 7 n guilty ( caus+ rebellion1 :i* 0 n[1 9 _! e/imation1 s deplorable 9 ,sicily1 ,naples1 ! ,gr& ,du*ies1 c4 ,napoleon rema9$1 z 0 8 wont1 undecid$4 ,he w\ld nei!r assi/ ! ,poles nor give !m to und]/& t he w\ld n assi/ !m4 ,a ^w f him w\ld h %ort5$1 by eighte5 mon?s1 a hopeless /ruggle ( two ye>s1 :i* end$ by exhau/+ !m4 ,!re 0 "o1 h[ev]1 :o prote/$4 ,pius ,,ix4 d5\nc$ ! oppressor z fe>lessly z if he _h be5 ! lea/ ( ! pr9ces ( ! e>?4 ,he wrote to him1 at fir/1 9 a tone ( mild remon/rance1 on ! #bb;d ( ,april1 #ahfc4 ,b f9d+ t 8 repres5tations 7 n he$$1 he r5ew$ !m m press+ly4 ,he did n conf9e himself to m]ely (ficial acts4 ,he s5t ,c>d9al ,reisa* on a confid5tial mission to ,vi5na1 & address$ a w>m & feel+ lett] to ! ,emp]or ,francis ,joseph1 9 ord] to induce him to take action en]getically 9 common ) ,france4 ,he invit$ ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w to jo9 ) him 9 pray+ = ! suff]+ nation :i* he nobly decl>$ to be 8! soldi] ( civilization & ( fai?40 ,su* z 7 at ,rome1 at ! "t ( ^! pray]s1 w nev] =get h[ en?usia/ically ! ,roman p respond$ to ! call ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,9 pray+ = ! def5d]s ( a di/ant c\ntry1 !y seem$ to pray1 at ! same "t1 = _! own1 :i* 0 n[1 m ?an ev]1 ?reat5$4 ,b ! "t ( m]cy _h n yet come1 & p]secution 0 r$\bl$4 ,ecclesia/ics 7 deport$ or put to dea?1 simply = n hav+ refus$ ! aid ( religion to ! dy+ on ! field ( battle4 ,families & :ole populations 7 doom$ to *oose betwe5 exile & apo/acy4 ,all ! bi%ops1 )\t exception1 7 driv5 f _! dioceses1 & "s ( !m p]i%$ on ! way to ,sib]ia4 ,pius ,,ix4 c\ld no long] conta9 8 grief & indignation4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,april1 #ahfd1 9 reply+ to ! po/ulators 9 ! cause ( bless$ ,francis ( ! five w\nds1 he said3 8,! blood ( ! helpless & ! innoc5t cries = v5geance to ! ?rone ( ! ,almighty aga9/ ^? by :om x is %$4 ,unhappy ,pol&6 ,x 0 my desire n to speak be=e ! approa*+ consi/ory4 ,b ,i fe> le/1 by be+ sil5t any long]1 ,i %\ld draw d[n ^u myself ! puni%m5t d5\nc$ by ! prophets aga9/ ^? :o tol]ate iniquity4 ,no1 ,i w\ld n t ,i 7 =c$ to cry out1 "o day1 9 pres5ce ( ! ,sov]eign ,judge3 #8,woe to me because ,i h held my peace6' 7,va mihi quia tacui47 ,i feel inspir$ at ?is mom5t to condemn a sov]eign ^: va/ ,empire rea*es to ! ,pole4 ,?is pot5tate1 :o falsely calls himself ! ,ca?olic ( ! ,ea/1 b :o is only a s*ismatic ca/ =? f ! bosom ( ! true *ur*1 p]secutes & slays 8 ,ca?olic subjects1 & by 8 f]oci\s cruelty has driv5 !m to insurrection4 ,"u ! pretext ( suppress+ ?is insurrection1 he extirpates ! ,ca?olic religion4 ,he deports :ole populations to inhospitable climes1 :]e !y are depriv$ ( all religi\s assi/ance1 & replaces !m by s*ismatical adv5tur]s4 ,he te>s ! pa/ors f _! flocks1 & drives !m into exile1 or condemns !m to =c$ labors & o!r degrad+ puni%m5ts4 ,happy !y :o h be5 able to escape1 & :o n[ w&] 9 /range l&s6 ,?is pot5tate1 all het]odox & s*ismatical z he is1 arrogates to himself a p[] :i* ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/ possesses n4 ,he pret5ds to deprive a bi%op :om we h rightfully in/itut$4 ,c he be ignorant t a ,ca?olic bi%op is always ! same1 :e!r 9 8 see or 9 ! catacombs1 & t 8 "* is ineffaceable8 ,let x n be said t 9 rais+ our voice aga9/ su* misde$s we enc\rage ! ,european revolution4 ,we c di/+ui% betwe5 ! sociali/ revolution & ! legitimate rights ( a nation /ruggl+ = indep5d5ce & its religion4 ,9 /igmatiz+ ! p]secutors ( ! ,ca?olic religion1 we fulfil a duty laid on u by our consci5ce4 ,x behooves u to pray1 ) r5ew$ e>ne/ness1 = t un=tunate c\ntry4 ,9 consequ5ce1 we imp>t our apo/olic b5$iction to all :o %all1 ?is day1 pray = ,pol&4 ,let u all pray = ,pol&60 ,x 0 z if ! brea? ( ,god's ang] 7 on ! lips ( ! ,holy ,pontiff4 ,pius ,,ix41 rem>ks ,m4 de ,/4 ,alb91 sway$ by 8 deep emotion1 _h ris5 f 8 ?rone1 8 voice 0 l ?und]1 & 8 arm appe>$ to ?reat5 z if possess$ ( omnipot5ce4 7,m#ib7 ,su* apo/olic c\rage comm&$ ! admiration ( ! enemies ( ! ,papacy4 ,! deputy1 ,br(f]io1 said 9 ! p>liam5t ( ,tur91 :il/ 8 colleagues1 revolutioni/s l himself1 applaud$3 8,an old man1 exhau/$1 sickly1 )\t res\rces1 )\t an army1 on ! br9k ( ! grave1 curses a pot5tate :o slaught]s a p2 ,i feel mov$ 9 my inmo/ s\l2 ,i imag9e myself borne back to ! days ( ,gregory ,,vii42 ,i rev]5ce & applaud40 7,m#ic7 ,m4 ,mey5dorf1 ! *>ge d'affaires ( ,russia1 hav+ be5 admitt$ to a private audi5ce on occasion ( ! ,*ri/mas fe/ivities ( #ahff1 ,pius ,,ix4 naturally direct$ ! conv]sation to ! pa9ful /ate ( ecclesia/ical affairs 9 ,pol&4 ,! ,russian m9i/] d5i$ ev]y?+1 ev5 ! mo/ notori\s facts1 & end$ by ca/+ all ! blame on ! ,ca?olics1 :o1 he affirm$1 _h op5ly transact$ ) ! ,poli% insurrection1 :il/ ! ,prote/ants g5]ally sid$ ) ! gov]nm5t4 8,nor 0 ?is a/oni%+10 he add$1 8consid]+ t ,ca?olicism & revolution are ! same ?+40 ,pius ,,ix4 c\ld n tol]ate ?is false ass]tion1 :i* 0 s absurd t x c\ld h no o!r object ?an to insult him & ! :ole body ( ! fai?ful ( :om he 0 ! ,*ief4 8,dep>t10 said he to ! m9i/]1 z he dismiss$ him1 8,i _c b believe t y\r ,emp]or is ignorant ( ! great] "p ( ! inju/ice "u :i* ,pol& suff]s4 ,i1 !re=e1 honor & e/eem y\r ,emp]or2 b ,i _c say z mu* ( 8 repres5tative :o comes to insult me 9 my own h\se40 ,pius ,,ix4 va9ly hop$ t ! ,envoy w\ld be dis[n$1 & diplomatic relations betwe5 ,rome & ,/4 ,pet]sburgh cont9u$4 ,:5 ,alex&] ,,ii4 suppress$1 by 8 own au?ority1 9 #ahfg1 ! ,ca?olic diocese ( ,kam9ieck1 ,pius ,,ix4 0 oblig$ to h rec\rse to ! newspap] press1 9 ord] to make kn[n to ! ,ca?olics ( t un=tunate c\ntry t he appo9t$ ! ,bi%op ( ,zitomir provisional adm9i/rator4 8,i h no o!r means ( communicat+ ) !m10 said he 8,i act l ! capta9 ( a vessel :o encloses 9 a bottle 8 la/ words to 8 family1 & confides !m to ! /orm1 hop+ t ! waves w deposit !m on "s %ore :]e !y w be ga!r$ up40 7,m#id7 ,pius ,,ix4 %[$ himself z g5]\s to pr9ces z to peoples1 act+ always z ! *ampion ( ju/ice 9 ! cause ( ! =m]1 z well z 9 support+ ! und\bt$ rights ( ! latt]4 ,francis ,,ii41 ( ,naples1 de?ron$ by 8 ambiti\s c\s91 ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel1 01 z ! ,bonap>tes _h once be51 an exile at ,rome1 & enjoy$ ! same pr9cely hospitality :i* 8 pr$ecessor1 9 #ahdh1 _h ext5d$ to ! ,holy ,fa!r 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,naples4 ,victor ,emmanuel remon/rat$ aga9/ ?is k9dness to a fall5 enemy4 ,b 9 va96 ,he 0 p[]less4 ,8 ally & patron1 h[ev]1 ! ,fr5* ,emp]or1 0 n s easily resi/$4 ,?is pot5tate gave x to be und]/ood1 al?\gh n 9 express t]ms1 t ! /ay ( ! ,fr5* troops at ,rome 0 dep5d5t on ! dep>ture ( ! exil$ mon>*4 ,! ,pope1 allud+ to ! family ( ,napoleon ,i41 :om ,pius ,,vii4 _h k9dly receiv$ at ,rome1 repli$1 satirically1 t ! ,roman ,pontiffs _h traditions ( hospitality1 z reg>d$ _! p]secutors1 & mu* m 9 favor ( _! b5efactors4 ,napoleon 0 a%am$ to p]si/2 & ,francis ,,ii4 rema9$ at ,rome z long z ,pius ,,ix4 0 ma/] !re4 7,m#ie7 ,x 0 q natural t ,napoleon ,,iii4 %\ld ent]ta9 ! idea t he 0 born to f\nd empires4 ,he _h succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ "o on ! ru9s ( a republic 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,he n[ s\ght to build up ,imp]ial p[] side by side ) a republic 9 ! ,new4 ,mexico 0 design$ to be ! seat ( ?is empire2 &1 z t c\ntry greatly ne$$ gov]nm5t ( "s k9d1 ! "t 0 deem$ opportune = c>ry+ into effect ,napoleon's idea4 ,! ,imp]ial dignity 0 (f]$ to ! ,ar*duke ,maximilian ( ,au/ria2 & ?is pr9ce1 rely+ on ! support ( ,france1 cons5t$ to asc5d ! ?rone ( ! ,montezumas4 ,be=e cross+ ! seas1 ,pr9ce ,maximilian came1 toge!r ) 8 wife1 ! ,pr9cess ,*>lotte ( ,belgium1 to ,rome1 9 ord] to beg ! pray]s1 ! wise c\nsel & ! apo/olic b5$iction ( ! v5]able ,pontiff4 ,s desir$ ! new ,emp]or to inaugurate a reign :i*1 x 0 hop$1 w\ld be great & prosp]\s4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 at ! solemn mom5t ( communion1 spoke to ! ,pr9ce ( ,him by :om k+s reign & ! fram]s ( laws decree j ?+s4 ,9 ! "n ( ?is ,k+ ( k+s1 he recomm5d$ to him ! ,ca?olic nation ( ,mexico1 rem9d+ him1 at ! same "t1 t he 01 "u ,god1 ! con/itut$ protector ( ! rights ( ! p z well z ^? ( ! *ur*4 ,! ,emp]or & 8 y\?ful sp\se 7 mov$ to te>s2 & ,maximilian1 on leav+ ,rome1 decl>$ t he dep>t$ "u ! protection ( ,god1 & ) ! b5$iction ( ! ,holy ,pontiff4 8,i am confid5t1 !re=e10 he add$1 8t ,i %all be able to fulfil my great mission to ,mexico40 ,un=tunately = him1 h[ev]1 lib]alism1 or1 r1 ill-disguis$ socialism1 0 en?ron$1 = ! mom5t1 9 :at 0 de/9$ to be1 = a little :ile long]1 ! *ief seat ( ,european ,p[]4 ,x is n difficult to imag9e :5ce c\nsel proce$$1 & ! inexp]i5c$ ,emp]or came to believe t ,mexico might be gov]n$ z ,france 01 :il/ its rul] ?w>t$ ! w ( ! great majority ( h] p4 ,he may n1 inde$1 h be5 free to reject ! advice :i* sway$ him4 ,be ?is z x may1 he mo/ unwisely ca/ himself into ! arms ( ! p>ty to :om mon>*y & religion 7 alike hateful4 ,he n[ fram$ a ,concordat :i*1 :il/ x c\ld n be acceptable to 8 new fri5ds1 0 f> f be+ su* z ! ,pope c\ld ratify4 ,! revolution>y p>ty _h ga9$ ! new ,emp]or4 7,m#if7 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 ev] anxi\s to promote ! well-be+ ( ! *ur*1 s5t a nuncio to ,maximilian1 9 ord] to rem9d him ( 8 promises1 & induce him to aboli% ! laws t _h be5 enact$ = ! purpose ( oppress+ ! *ur*1 & completely to reorganize ecclesia/ical affairs ) ! full concurr5ce ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,! lett] borne by ! nuncio requir$ t ! ,ca?olic religion %\ld cont9ue to be ! /ay & glory ( ! ,mexican nation2 t ! bi%ops %\ld be entirely free 9 ! ex]cise ( _! pa/oral m9i/ry2 t ! religi\s ord]s %\ld be re/or$ & organiz$ accord+ to ! in/ructions & faculties imp>t$ by ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff2 t ! patrimony ( ! *ur* & ! rights connect$ !re) %\ld be gu>ante$ & protect$2 t none be all[$ to dissem9ate false & subv]sive doctr9es2 t public z well z private education be direct$ & sup]9t5d$ by ecclesia/ical au?ority2 &1 f9ally1 t ^? fett]s be brok5 :i* _h hi!rto = "s "t held ! *ur* dep5d5t on ! arbitr>y w ( ! civil p[]4 8,if10 cont9u$ ! ,holy ,fa!r1 8! religi\s edifice be re-e/abli%$1 z we d\bt n x w1 on su* f\ndations1 y\r ,maje/y w satisfy "o ( ! greate/ wants & realize ! mo/ ard5t aspirations ( ! religi\s p ( ,mexico2 y w dispel our disquietude & t ( ! illu/ri\s ,mexican ,episcopate2 y w pave ! way = ! education ( a le>n$ & zeal\s cl]gy1 z well z ! moral re=mation ( ! p4 ,y w ?us1 also1 consolidate y\r ?rone1 & promote ! prosp]ity & glory ( y\r ,imp]ial family40 ,9 all ?is ! ,emp]or w\ld h be5 su/a9$ by ! great majority ( ! ,mexican p4 ,& !re 0 no?+ impossible requir$ ( him4 ,x is n %[n any:]e t ! re/oration ( *ur* prop]ties1 :i* _h be5 long ali5at$ & _h (t5 *ang$ proprietors1 w\ld h be5 exact$1 any m ?an 9 ,engl&1 :5 religion 0 re/or$ "u ! reign ( ,m>y4 ,! policy indicat$ by ,pius ,,ix4 w\ld h won = ,maximilian a ho/ ( fri5ds & support]s4 ,! l9e ( conduct :i* he pursu$ 0 mo/ unacceptable to ! ,ca?olic nation ( ,mexico1 :il/ x 0 n 9 ! lea/ calculat$ to satisfy ! revolution>y p>ty4 ,refus+ to conc$e ev]y?+ t ! *ur* requir$1 he wi%$ to reta9 = himself ! anci5t regal privileges ( ! ,cr[n ( ,spa9--! inve/iture ( bi%ops1 ! regulat+ ( ecclesia/ical t>iffs1 ! limitation ( ! numb] ( mona/ic ord]s & religi\s associations1 c4 ,s f> ! revolution 0 pleas$4 ,x 0 l\d 9 its applause4 ,) :at s9c]ity ev5ts fail$ n to %[4 ,pius ,,ix4 insi/$ on ! ,emp]or's solemn pl$ges s rec5tly giv5 at ,rome4 ,maximilian 0 deaf to ! c\nsels1 ! compla9ts1 ! e>ne/ pray]s ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,s x rema9$ only = ! ,papal ,nuncio1 ,monsignor ,meglia1 to take 8 dep>ture f ,v]a ,cruz 7#a/ ,june1 #ahfe74 ,mean:ile1 ,maximilian's *ief support1 ! ,fr5* ,emp]or1 dread+ ! =midable ho/ility ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 :i* c\ld n tol]ate an empire on ! bord]s ( _! great republic1 0 oblig$ to )draw f ,mexico ! army :i*1 f ! fir/1 0 necess>y to su/a9 ! new empire4 ,napoleon1 "o w\ld say1 0 pl$g$ to ,maximilian1 hav+ induc$ him to assume ! ,imp]ial ,cr[n1 & hav+ also promis$ all necess>y support4 ,he c\ld n1 h[ev]1 comm& success2 & *ivalry1 ev5 if x _h /ill exi/$1 w\ld h avail$ b little1 :5 p[] alone c\ld w94 ,maximilian 0 n[ all alone1 face to face ) an>*y & ! ,mexican nation :i* he _h slight$4 ,faction rul$ 9 8 place4 ,! revolution>y p>ty :i* he _h favor$ prov$ untrue2 & fall+ into ! h&s ( 8 enemies1 he 0 solemnly murd]$ by ! rul+ brig& ( ! day4 ,! (fic]s ( ,napoleon's army s9c]ely believ$ t no bett] fate c\ld be anticipat$2 = !y e>ne/ly advis$ him to accompany !m on _! return to ,europe4 ,?is he c\ld h done )\t di%onor4 ,! idea ( a ,mexican empire 0 ,napoleon's1 & he alone 0 answ]able = its success4 ,on ! "p ( ,maximilian x 0 m ?an *ivalry to rema9 9 ,mexico :5 8 gu>d 0 gone4 ,b ! idea ( ! y\?ful ,pr9ce 9 reg>d to honor appe>s to h be51 l 8 policy1 uns\nd4 ,! policy may n h be51 mo/ probably 0 n1 84 ,b ! s5tim5t ( honor 0 all 8 own4 ,& al?\gh1 9 an age ( *ivalry ev51 x w\ld h appe>$ exagg]at$1 x r$\nds to 8 cr$it4 ,x is n surpris+ t a man animat$ by su* noble s5tim5ts %\ld h di$ z became a h]o & a ,*ri/ian4 7,m#ig7 ,! pot5tate1 on :om1 z f> z worldly p[] 0 conc]n$1 dep5d$ ! ,pope's temporal sov]eignty1 0 ?r[+ himself e day m & m into ! h&s ( ! enemies ( ! *ur*4 ,8 m9i/]s1 m audaci\s ?an himself1 c>ri$ _! bl9d hatr$ ( 8,cl]icalism0 to su* an ext5t z to sacrifice _m ( ! be/ support]s ( ! empire4 ,?is 0 s+ul>ly app>5t at ! g5]al election ( #ahfc4 ,m4 de ,p]signy hesitat$ n to employ all ! influ5ce ( ! gov]nm5t aga9/ su* ,imp]iali/s z _h vot$ = or %[n !mselves favorable to ! ,pope's temporal p[]4 ,he succe$$ 9 caus+ su* fri5ds ( ,napoleon z ,de ,cav]ville1 ,co*9 & ,lem]ci] to be replac$ by ! mo/ bitt] enemies ( ! ,imp]ial regime4 ,he also manag$ to exclude f p>liam5t ,messrs4 de ,montalemb]t1 de ,fall\x & ,kell]4 ,b ,messrs4 ,pli*\1 ,b]ry] & ,?i]s1 not)/&+ 8 ho/ile ef=ts1 7 elect$4 ,?is la/-nam$ /atesman 0 himself a ho/1 & 8 eloqu5t spee*es 9 support ( ! temporal sov]eignty made all ! m impression t !y 7 kn[n to be dictat$ by f>-see+ policy1 r ?an any lean+ t[>ds religion4 ,!y deeply impress$ ! p>liam5t & ! c\ntry2 b avail$ n ) ,napoleon ,,iii41 :om an unpr9cipl$ m9i/ry 7 lead+ bl9dfold$ to de/ruction4 ,mean:ile1 ! "q ( ,rome ent]$ on a new phase4 ,! ,cab9ets ( ,tur9 & ,p>is conclud$ an agreem5t 9 reg>d to ! ,roman ,/ate on #ae? ,septemb]1 #ahfd4 ,! text ( ?is notori\s agreem5t 0 kn[n to ,europe1 :il/ its mean+ rema9$ a my/]y4 ,! m9i/ry ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 made x appe> 9 ,france z a gu>antee = ! safety ( ! ,pope4 ,! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t flatt]$ ! revolution>y elem5t ( ,italy1 by repres5t+ t x did n 9 ! lea/ *ange _! programme1 ! keynote ( :i* 0 8,rome ! ,capital40 ,!y 7 "r4 ,?is prov$ to be ! true solution ( ! my/]y4 ,! fir/ article provid$ t ! ,k+ ( ,pi$mont %\ld n attack1 & he b\nd himself by oa? n to attack1 ! rema9+ t]ritory ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 to prev5t by =ce1 if necess>y1 all aggression f any o!r qu>t]1 & to pay ! debts ( ! =m] ,/ates ( ! ,*ur*4 ,by ! second clause ,france became b\nd to )draw h] troops 9 two ye>s4 ,a protocol 0 add$1 by :i* ,victor ,emmanuel engag$ to transf] 8 capital f ,tur9 to ,flor5ce 9 six mon?s4 ,x 0 m ?an disrespectful to ! ,pope2 x 0 ( evil om51 ( s9i/] import1 t ! sov]eign ^: /ate 0 conc]n$ 0 n a p>ty to ! treaty--0 n ev5 consult$4 ,! m9ds ( all ,ca?olics 7 greatly disquiet$1 & _! anxiety 0 only increas$ by ! ,italian int]pretation ( ! agreem5t4 ,pius ,,ix41 :o und]/ood well by :at m5 & by :at pr9ciples ! ,cab9et ( ! ,tuil]ies 0 gov]n$1 made a rem>k :i* indicat$ m 8 fe>s = ! great ,fr5* nation ?an = ! fragm5t :i* rema9$ to him ( 8 t]ritory4 ,he w\ld h no?+ to d ) ! pecuni>y comp5sation t 0 (f]$ to him4 ,he c\ld only say t 8he piti$ ,france40 ,! crime ( t c\ntry 0 t h] gov]nm5t made any agreem5t at all ) ! mon>* :o _h s unscrupul\sly violat$ ! treaty ( ,zuri*1 & :o 01 besides1 ! *ief h]o ( ,gaeta1 ,naples1 ,ca/elfid>do & ,ancona4 ,"o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t ( ,bi%op ,dupanl\p's publications1 ! "o :i*1 p]haps1 has be5 ! mo/ g5]ally read1 exposes ! holl[ness ( ?is arrangem5t1 :i* is kn[n 9 hi/ory z ! ,septemb] agreem5t4 7,m#ih7 ,! #h? ( ,decemb]1 #ahfd1 ! t5? anniv]s>y ( ! proclamation ( ! dogma ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 0 m>k$ by ! publication ( ! ,encyclical1 8quanta cura10 &1 toge!r ) x1 ! 8,syllabus40 ,?is great doctr9al act 0 a cru%+ reply to ! errone\s ass]tions ( ! "t1 z well z to ! va9 ideas ( ^? politicians :o boa/$ t1 ?r\gh _! ef=ts1 ! spiritual (fice no less ?an ! temporal sov]eignty ( ! ,pope 0 draw+ to a close4 ,! ,encyclical lett] is address$ to all bi%ops 9 communion ) ! ,holy ,see1 & ?r\gh !m to all ! fai?ful ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,x conta9s ! tea*+s ( ,pius ,,ix41 & ! ,popes1 8 pr$ecessors1 9 opposition to ! errors ( ! pres5t age--! mi/ak5 ideas ( natural religion2 religi\s indiff]5ce :i*1 falsely assum+ ! "n ( lib]ty ( consci5ce & ( wor%ip1 e/abli%es ! reign ( physical =ce 9 ! place ( law & ju/ice2 communism & socialism2 ! subjection ( ! *ur* to ! /ate2 & ! indep5d5ce ( ,*ri/ians 9 reg>d to ! ,holy ,see4 ,! 8,syllabus0 consi/s ( eighty propositions1 :i* are a summ>y ( ! false tea*+s ( ! enemies ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*1 z f\nd 9 ! p]iodical press1 z well z 9 _! writ+s ( a m p]man5t "*4 ,! fir/ sev5 propositions briefly express ! errors on pan!ism1 naturalism1 & absolute rationalism4 ,all :o h any ,*ri/ian belief1 to :atev] d5om9ation !y may adh]e1 mu/ surely ackn[l$ge ! ju/ice ( d5\nc+ philosoph]s ( ! s*ool ( ,/rauss1 :o insi/ t ,*ri/ is a my?1 & ,8 religion a sy/em ( my?ology4 ,f ! eigh? to ! f\rte5? proposition inclusively1 are po9t$ out & condemn$ ! errors ( mod]n rationalism4 ,f ! f\rte5? to ! eighte5?1 indiff]5tism & latitud9>ianism are expos$4 ,?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ! catalogue1 secret societies & communism are condemn$2 errone\s views1 z reg>ds *ur* & /ate1 natural & ,*ri/ian e?ics1 & ,*ri/ian m>riage are express$ & d5\nc$4 ,f9ally1 are po9t$ out ! errors t h be5 utt]$ 9 reg>d to ! temporal p[] ( ! ,pope1 toge!r ) su* z h ref]5ce to mod]n lib]alism4 ,^! important docum5ts1 ! ,encyclical1 8quanta cura10 & ! 8,syllabus10 are n s mu* ! "w ( ,pius ,,ix4 z ( all ! ,popes ( a c5tury back1 f ! ,c\ncil ( ,pi/oia1 ,febronianism & ,josephism4 ,:il/ ! 8,syllabus0 0 yet 9 embryo1 x 01 ) ! exception ( a few propositions :i* 7 n yet =mulat$1 confid5tially communicat$ to ! bi%ops on occasion ( ! canonization ( ! ,japanese m>tyrs4 ,ea* bi%op 0 at t "t invit$ to select two !ologians 9 ord] to exam9e ! propositions1 & give _! op9ion 9 six mon?s4 ,! *ur*1 !re=e1 0 n tak5 by surprise1 :5 ! 8,syllabus0 appe>$1 h[ev] mu* its publication may h /ruck ) a/oni%m5t & al>m ! p>ty ( revolution & unbelief4 ,ca?olics1 at lea/1 c\ld n fail to be sway$ by su* a ma/]ly exposition ( ,ca?olic !ology on s _m subjects1 all intimately connect$ ) human conduct 9 private life z well z 9 affairs ( public import4 ,& !re 7 ,ca?olics ev]y:]e--among ! rul]s ( ! _w & its lead+ /atesm51 no less ?an 9 all classes & grades ( society4 ,su* n[ c\ld h no excuse = favor+ op9ions :i* 7 s di/9ctly condemn$ by t au?ority :i* !y all recogniz$ z ! highe/ ^u e>?4 ,nev]!less1 :atev] impression ! cle> tea*+ ( ! 8,syllabus10 9 reg>d to ! *ur* & h] rights1 civil society1 & bo? natural & ,*ri/ian morality1 0 de/9$1 9 "t1 to produce1 b little disposition 0 %[n to be guid$ by x at ! outset4 ,!re 0 all b a univ]sal clamor t ! *ur* _h pron\nc$ a divorce betwe5 mod]n society & ! spiritual ord]4 ,nor c\ld x be o!rwise1 s long z ! =m] held pr9ciples :i* 7 ess5tially incompatible ) ! latt]4 ,nei!r c\ld reconciliation be easily or spe$ily br\ght ab\t4 ,! pr9ciples :i* religion condemn$ 7 9 ! asc5dant4 ,! exi/+ civil law ( all ,european nations 0 f\nd$ on !m4 ,!re 0 no gov]nm5t t _h n adopt$ !m & %[n itself incl9$ to be entirely guid$ by !m4 ,! =mal condemnation ( ! *]i%$ ideas ( ! age 0 z a ?und]bolt hurl$ aga9/ ! social elem5ts ( ! day4 ,b :y di/urb _! peace8 ,!y _h no peace4 ,!y 7 already discordant4 8,non esi pax impiis40 ,peace c\ld n be born ( unbelief4 ,x c\ld come only ?r\gh ! tru?1 ev5 z heal? conqu]s disease by ! mo/ try+ curative process4 ,napoleon ,,iii4 0 ! fir/ :o op5ly resi/$ ! 8encroa*m5ts0 ( ,rome1 j z if !y _h con/itut$ ! only dang] to 8 ?rone4 ,by a decree dat$ #a/ ,janu>y1 #ahfe1 he =bade ! publication ( ! ,encyclical & ! ,syllabus1 :il/ he caus$ to be tri$ & condemn$1 z guilty ( abuse1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,besanon & ! ,bi%op ( ,m\l9s1 because !y _h read ! ,encyclical 9 _! pulpits4 ,! o!r prelates ( ,france s f> submitt$ z to avoid pr9t+ ! obnoxi\s docum5ts1 le/ _! pr9t]s %\ld be uselessly compromis$4 ,sev]al bi%ops decl>$ t ! ,encyclical 0 already suffici5tly publi%$ 9 _! dioceses by ! voice ( ! press4 ,!y ?us express$ ! idea ( ! :ole episcopate4 ,pius ,,ix4 highly comm5d$ _! zeal4 8,we mu/ g back10 he said1 8to ! e>ly ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 9 ord] to f9d an episcopal body t c\ld %[ su* c\rage40 ,to p]sons accu/om$ to !ological /udies1 x is suffici5tly app>5t :y ea* proposition ( ! 8,syllabus0 /&s condemn$4 ,to o!rs1 cause is %[n 9 ! consi/orial allocutions1 ,encyclical & o!r lett]s apo/olical ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 9 relation to ea* proposition4 ,"s ?+s mu/ be int]pret$ by ! conduct ( ! ,pope himself4 ,= in/ance1 :at is said 9 reg>d to ! lib]ty ( public wor%ip & ( ! press mu/ be read 9 ! light ( t reasonable tol]ance :i* ! ,popes 7 accu/om$ to ex]cise :5 !y rul$ at ,rome z sov]eign ,pr9ces4 ,!re is no lib]ty )\t "s re/ra9t4 ,! press1 9 ?is respect1 is 9 ! same position z individuals4 ,accord+ to ! laws ( all civiliz$ l&s1 :5 x abuses its lib]ty & commits crime1 x is visit$ ) sev]e puni%m5t4 ,! great] lib]ty :i* ! press enjoys1 & mu/ enjoy1 9 ! pres5t circum/ances ( ! _w1 by no means cla%es ) ! condemnation ( proposition #gi ( ! 8,syllabus40 ,! press c no m be free to publi% any?+ :atsoev]1 h[ev] (f5sive x may be1 ?an p]sons are free to p]=m su* acts z necess>ily subject !m1 ev5 9 /ates :]e !re is ! greate/ atta9able degree ( lib]ty1 to condemnation & puni%m5t4 ,if e organiz$ community possesses1 z x c]ta9ly does possess1 ! "r s to /igmatize an (f5d+ citiz51 & t )\t any violation ( lib]ty1 x is equally entitl$ to judge & puni% an (f5d+ press4 7,m#ii7 ,n satisfi$ ) ! bl[ :i* s greatly weak5$ ,au/ria 9 ! ,italian campaign1 ,napoleon ,,iii4 plott$ ) ,prussia = a fur!r humbl+ ( ! great ,ca?olic ,p[]4 ,to ?is end he held d>k consultations ) ,c\nt ,bism>k1 at ,bi>ritz1 z he _h =m]ly done ) ,c\nt de ,cav\r at ,plombi]es4 ,! =m]1 h[ev]1 prov$ to be m ?an a mat* = him4 ,h5ce ! great victory ( ,sad[a :i* pav$ ! way = ,s$an4 ,prussia1 )\t a rival 9 ,g]many1 c\ld freely pursue h] ambiti\s s*emes4 ,napoleon1 app>5tly suspect+ no?+1 left ! ,rh9e fronti] comp>atively unprotect$2 & ,prussia1 victori\s 9 ! /ruggle ) ,au/ria1 refus$ to ,france all comp5sation = h] complicity & enc\ragem5t4 ,?is h9d]$ n ,napoleon f tak+ "p 9 ! treaty ( ,prague1 z presid5t1 & sanction+ by 8 signature ! expulsion ( ,au/ria f ,g]many1 & ! confiscation ( ,hanov]1 ,nassau1 ! two ,hesses & o!r small indep5d5t sov]eignties1 9 ! int]e/ ( ,prussia4 ,?is ,p[]1 besides1 assum$ ! milit>y direction ( ,s\!rn ,g]many1 & s 01 lit]ally1 d\bl$ 9 ext5t & population4 ,?us 0 swept away 9 ! c\rse ( sev5 ye>s1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ,napoleon ,,iii41 ! b>ri] ( small /ates :i* ! wisdom ( ages _h plac$ along ! cont95tal fronti] ( ,france1 f ! ,m$it]ranean to ! ocean1 & :i* mod]at$ ! %ocks ( ! great] ,p[]s4 ,france1 accord+ly1 by h] own act1 0 conf9$ betwe5 unifi$ ,italy on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r1 ! =midable ,g]man ,empire4 ,9 ex*ange = comb9ations :i* prov$ s disa/r\s1 ,v5ice 0 c$$ to ,napoleon1 & imm$iately made ov] by him to ,italy4 ,defeat$ bo? by sea & l& 9 8 /ruggle ) ,au/ria1 ,victor ,emmanuel1 nev]!less1 accept$ ! pres5t1 z if x _h come to him by conque/1 & ,italy 0 free to ! ,adriatic1 & ! celebrat$ ,milan programme ( #ahei completely c>ri$ out4 ,?is result1 :il/ x flatt]$ ! vanity ( ,napoleon ,,iii41 cr[n$ ! wi%es ( ! secret societies4 ,prote/ants1 ,jews1 ,freemasons1 & p ( all %ades ( unbelief1 deputies ( ! ,fr5* left1 & ! revolution>y j\rnals1 all zeal\s 9 ! s]vice ( ,prussia1 en?usia/ically applaud$4 ,! ,fr5* ,emp]or's m9i/]s1 ev51 ,m4 ,r\h]1 9 ! ,legislative ,*amb]1 & ,m4 de ,lavalette1 9 a diplomatic circul>1 7 n a%am$ to congratulate !mselves publicly on ! /ipulations ( ! treaty ( ,prague4 ,9 _! mania = ,italian unity1 ^! wise /atesm5 became bl9d to ! int]e/s ( _! own c\ntry--condign puni%m5t1 surely1 ( _! disloyal & unpr9cipl$ policy4 7,m#ajj7 ,:il/ ! political _w 0 extraord9>ily agitat$1 & a great pot5tate 0 endeavor+ to de/roy ! la/ remnant ( ,papal sov]eignty1 & 0 himself at ! same "t1 ha/5+ bl9dly b surely to ignom9y & ru91 ! ,pontiff aga9/ :om he w>r$ calmly & successfully cont9u$ to accompli% ! sublime "w ( 8 spiritual mission4 7,m#aja7 ,no?+ t5ds m to ! in/ruction & edification ( ! ,ca?olic p ?an ! canonization ( sa9ts & m>tyrs4 ,b = ! c>e :i* ! *ur* be/[s 9 br++ to light ! acts & suff]+s ( ^? h]oes ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 _m ( !m1 rema9+ unkn[n1 w\ld be lo/ z examples to ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,x is also due to ! sa9ts !mselves t ! *ur* %\ld honor !m1 al?\gh1 inde$1 e>?ly celebrity & true fame :i* la/s ?r\gh\t all "t is z no?+ comp>$ to ! glory :i* !y enjoy4 ,john ,bapti/ de ,rossi 7de ,rubs7 0 a canon ( ! ,collegiate ,basilica ( ,sa9t ,m>y1 9 cosm$94 ,! v5]able ,john ,bapti/ de ,rossi 0 9 e respect a wor?y m9i/] ( ,god4 ,he labor$ la/ c5tury at ,rome1 9 ! v9ey>d ( ! ,"l1 ) s mu*1 pati5ce1 longanimity & meekness1 & 0 s fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/ & s9c]e *>ity1 t he sp5t 8 :ole life 9 evangeliz+ ! poor1 to ! great ga9 ( s\ls4 ,he in/ruct$ o!rs unto righte\sness1 & ,god will$ t he %\ld %9e = ev]more z a /> 9 ! firmam5t4 ,& n only 0 he cr[n$ ) light 9 heav51 9 ord] t1 trans=m$ to ! ,div9e image1 he %\ld appe> 9 ,god's pres5ce environ$ ) heav5ly spl5dor2 b ,god1 ?r\gh ,8 unspeakable b\nty1 appo9t$ t ,8 s]vant1 enri*$ by an abundant h>ve/ ( m]its1 illu/rat$ by triumphal honors1 & glorifi$ by miracles1 %\ld also enjoy ^u e>? a "n glori\s 9 ! e/imation ( mank9d1 & %\ld ?us be a new ornam5t to ! *ur* militant4 ,! process ( canonization 0 comm5c$ 9 ! "t ( ,gregory ,,xvi41 & complet$ by ,pius ,,ix41 :5 9 ,m>*1 #ahei1 ! "n ( ,john ,bapti/ de ,rossi 0 inscrib$ on ! sacr$ dipty*s4 7,m#ajb7 ,john ,s>c&] 0 born at ,skoczovia1 9 ,upp] ,silesia1 9 ! ye> #aegg4 ,he obey$ ! call ( ,god & jo9$ ! ranks ( ! prie/hood4 ,:5 orda9$ prie/1 he %[$ himself 9 e way a patt]n ( excell5ce--by 8 good works1 8 sci5ce1 ! integrity & gravity ( 8 "*4 ,he 0 appo9t$1 accord+ly1 to ! *>ge & guidance ( s\ls4 ,he fulfill$ s well all ! duties ( a good pa/or t ! f\r p>i%es to :i* he 0 successively call$ by episcopal au?ority receiv$ him z an angel s5t to !m f heav51 & bore witness by _! te>s to _! regret :5 !y 7 depriv$ ( 8 pres5ce4 ,mean:ile1 ! m9i/]s ( ! sect ( ,pik>dites 7 driv5 f ! p>i% ( ,holles*[1 :]e ! sc\rge ( h]esy1 l ! wild bo> ( ! =e/s1 _h spread deva/ation dur+ eight ye>s4 ,john ,s>c&] 0 select$ 9 ord] to repair ! incalculable evil t _h be5 done to t un=tunate v9ey>d4 ,he %runk n f ! /ruggle :i* x behoov$ him to ma9ta9 9 ! cause ( ! true fai?4 ,he 0 9 e s5se an example to 8 flock4 ,he exhort$1 besee*$1 reprim&$ ) pati5ce & wisdom1 neglect+ no?+ t 0 calculat$ to /r5g!n :atev] 0 weak & heal :at 0 sick1 to reunite ^? :o 7 sep>at$1 to raise up ! fall5 & seek su* z 7 a/ray4 ,su* exempl>y conduct only excit$ ! extreme hatr$ ( ! h]etical p>ty1 & he 0 oblig$ to leave ,holles*[ & retire to ,pol&4 ,b mov$ by ! dang]s to :i* 7 expos$ ! p :om he lov$ s de>ly 9 ,*ri/1 he return$ to 8 p>i%1 aft] hav+ v5]at$ ! ,holy ,virg9 at h] %r9e ( ,cr5/o*[1 9 fulfilm5t ( a v[ :i* he _h made4 ,soon aft] 8 return ! h]etics ca/ him into prison z a traitor to 8 c\ntry1 b1 9 reality1 on acc\nt ( 8 zeal 9 prea*+ ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,he 0 subject$ to vigor\s int]rogatories1 & 9 ord] to induce him to reveal :at ! supreme head ( ! adm9i/ration 9 ,moravia _h confid$ to him 9 confession1 he 0 made to und]go ! mo/ exquisite torture4 ,pref]r+ a glori\s dea? to a mis]able life1 he combat$ to 8 la/ brea? = ! "w ( ,*ri/1 & gave up 8 s\l to ,god1 leav+ to all ! p ! remembrance ( 8 dea? z an example ( =titude & c\rage4 ,fe>fully tortur$ on ! rack = ?ree h\rs1 burn$ sl[ly 9 almo/ e "p ( 8 body1 by tor*es & bundles ( fea!rs /eep$ 9 ros91 oil1 pit* & sulphur1 he 0 c>ri$ back almo/ lifeless to 8 prison4 ,!re he l+]$ a :ole mon?1 suff]+ m ?an ! pa9 ( dea?1 :il/ 8 m9d & he>t 7 s fix$ on ,god t he ceas$ n to s+ ,8 praises z long z life rema9$4 ,he fell asleep 9 ! ,"l1 ! sixte5? ( ! cal5ds ( ,april1 #afbj4 ,x 0 n appo9t$ t su* h]oic suff]+ %\ld be doom$ to oblivion4 ,public report1 ! witness ( contempor>y writ]s1 ! monum5ts ( ! "t1 & ! spl5dor ( miracles caus$ !m to be s celebrat$ t1 not)/&+ ! w>s1 losses & o!r imp$im5ts :i* _h prev5t$ ! ,ar*bi%ops ( ,olmutz f consid]+ ?is gr& & beautiful cause1 & report+ x to ! ,holy ,see soon] ?an ! #ah? c5tury1 ! sanctity & m>tyrdom ( ! v5]able ,john ,s>c&] 7 n only kn[n to ! populations ( ,moravia & ! neighbor+ c\ntries1 b 7 also rememb]$ ) ! mo/ pr(\nd v5]ation4 ,f #aged till ! "t ( ,pius ,,ix41 ?is celebrat$ cause 0 be=e ! *ur*1 & subject$ to ! usual se>*+ inve/igation4 ,f9ally1 9 ,febru>y1 #ahei1 x 0 conclud$1 & ! bless$ ,john ,s>c&] recogniz$1 z a sa9t & m>tyr1 by ! univ]sal *ur*4 7,m#ajc7 ,?is same ye>1 #ahei1 0 canoniz$ ! v5]able s]vant ( ,god1 ,b5$ict ,joseph ,labre1 ( ! diocese ( ,b\logne4 ,volunt>y pov]ty 0 ! lot 9 life ( ?is sa9t ( mod]n times4 ,worldly wisdom condemns z folly1 ! *oice ( ?is devot$ ,*ri/ian :o pref]r$ to all e>?ly advantages ! mo/ abject pov]ty4 ,god is1 inde$1 wond]ful 9 ,8 sa9ts2 & z ,he (t5 *ooses :at is folly 9 ! e/imation ( ! _w1 9 ord] to conf\nd :at x holds to be wise1 s ,he appo9t$ t ! humble ,labre :o1 = ! love ( ,*ri/1 l$ a life ( pov]ty1 & taught mank9d ! excell5ce ( self-d5ial 9 an unbeliev+ & selfi% age1 %\ld be exalt$1 ev5 ^u e>?1 & rank$ among ! pr9ces ( ,god's p4 ,9 ,june1 #ahdb1 ,gregory ,,xvi4 decl>$1 by a solemn decree1 t ,b5$ict ,joseph ,labre _h practis$1 9 a h]oic degree1 all ! ,*ri/ian virtues4 ,! necess>y inve/igations & =malities 7 cont9u$1 & 9 ,septemb]1 #ahei1 ,pius ,,ix4 orda9$ t apo/olic lett]s %\ld be issu$1 ord]+ ! celebration ( ! solemn rite ( 8 beatification 9 ! ,patri>*al ,basilica ( ! ,vatican4 7,m#ajd7 ,! ye> #ahei 0 also m>k$ by ! solicitude ( ,pius ,,ix4 = ! ,*ur* ( ,irel&4 ,9 a lett] to ! ar*bi%ops & bi%ops ( t c\ntry1 he comm5ds _! zeal 9 promot+ ,ca?olic education1 & concurs ) !m 9 po9t+ out ! dang]s ( mix$ s*ools4 ,9 ! same lett] ! ,holy ,fa!r e>ne/ly entreats ! v5]able pa/ors ( ! ,iri% ,*ur* to pray t ! designs ( ! wick$ may n succe$1 t x w\ld please ,god to br+ to naught ! ma*9ations ( ^? misguid$ m5 :o1 by _! false tea*+s1 endeavor to corrupt ! p ev]y:]e1 & to ov]?r[1 if t 7 possible1 ! ,ca?olic religion4 ,at ! same "t1 x 0 appo9t$ t ! fea/ ( ,sa9t ,patrick1 ! ,patron ,sa9t ( ,irel&1 %\ld be celebrat$ accord+ to a high] rite4 7,m#aje7 ,! anti-,presid5t ,ju>ez _h succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ himself at ,v]a ,cruz1 :il/ ,miramon 0 recogniz$ by ,mexico1 aft] ,g5]al ,zuloago1 z ! successor ( ,santa ,anna4 ,ju>ez 0 a revolutioni/ & p]secutor ( ! *ur*2 ,miramon1 a cons]vative & fri5d ( religion4 ,z pro( ( ! tyranny ( ! =m]1 may be cit$ a decree :i* he publi%$ 9 ,july ( ?is ye> 7#ahei74 ,?is decree1 :i* aim$ at no?+ less ?an ! de/ruction ( religion1 & 01 at ! same "t1 a cruel outrage on ! ,ca?olic nation ( ,mexico1 acc\nts = ! e>ne/ness & det]m9ation ) :i* ,pius ,,ix41 a little lat]1 z has already be5 %[n1 insi/$ t ! ,emp]or ,maximilian %\ld adopt a policy fri5dly to ! *ur*1 & 9 h>mony ) ! wi%es ( ! great majority ( ! ,mexican p4 ,su* policy1 if only foll[$ 9 "t1 w\ld h s /r5g!n$ ! h&s ( ,maximilian t1 9 all probability1 he w\ld h be5 able to hold 8 gr\nd :5 mo/ un*ivalr\sly ab&on$ by 8 fa9t-he>t$ ally4 ,no d\bt ! anti-presid5t claim$ t he 0 a re=m] ( ! *ur*4 ,& surely1 inde$1 he 01 if x 0 re=m to suppress all religi\s societies :atsoev]1 to rob ! cl]gy ( _! prop]ty1 & t s completely z to r$uce !m to m5dicancy4 ,b let ! decree speak = itself3 ,art4 #a4 ,all prop]ty adm9i/]$ "u div]s titles1 by ! regul> or secul> cl]gy1 :e!r real or p]sonal1 :atev] its "n or object1 is h5ce=? ! prop]ty ( ! nation4 ,art4 #c4 ,!re %all be complete indep5d5ce betwe5 affairs ( /ate & su* z are purely ecclesia/ical4 ,! gov]nm5t w conf9e itself to protect+ ! public wor%ip ( ! ,ca?olic religion ! same z any o!r religion4 ,art4 #d4 ,! m9i/]s ( religion c accept su* (f]+s z may be made on acc\nt ( ! adm9i/ration ( ! sacram5ts & ! o!r duties ( _! (fice4 ,!y may also1 by an agreem5t ) ^? :o employ !m1 /ipulate = remun]ation = _! s]vices4 ,b 9 no case c ^! (f]+s or ?is remun]ation be conv]t$ into p]man5t prop]ty4 ,art4 #e4 ,all religi\s ord]s1 :atev] _! "n or _! object1 are suppress$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole republic1 z well z confrat]nities or associations connect$ ) a religi\s community or any *ur* :atsoev]4 ,! #f? article1 :il/ x prohibits ! erection ( new conv5ts & new confrat]nities1 =bids also ! use ( ! religi\s habit4 ,,! ,,eighte5? ,,c5t5>y ,,( ,,! ,,m>tyrdom ,,( ,,ss4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,paul4 ,a new joy await$ ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,! ye> #ahfg w be ev] memorable 9 sacr$ annals1 z ! ye> ( ! great c5t5nial celebration ( ! glori\s m>trydom ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul4 8,pet] w5t to ,rome10 ,/4 ,j]ome writes1 89 ! second ye> ( ! ,emp]or ,claudius1 & occupi$ !re ! prie/ly *air = tw5ty-five ye>s40 ,on ! same v5]able au?ority x is kn[n t ,pet] suff]$ two ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ! great ,roman philosoph]1 ,s5eca1 :o 0 execut$ by ord] ( ,n]o 9 ! sixty-fif? ye> ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,9 ! same "w 7de viris illu/ribus71 ,/4 ,j]ome says t ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul 7 put to dea? 9 ! f\rte5? ye> ( ,n]o's reign1 :i* corresponds ) ! sixty-sev5? ye> ( our era1 :5 reckon$ f ! fir/ ( ,janu>y1 & n f ! #ac? ,octob]1 ! date ( ,n]o's accession4 ,! ,fr5* troops _h sc>cely be5 )drawn f ,rome 9 fulfilm5t ( ! ,septemb] agreem5t1 :5 ,pius ,,ix4 invit$ all ! cl]gy & p ( ! ,ca?olic _w to visit ! city 9 ord] to p>ticipate 9 ! celebration ( ! c5t5>y1 & witness ! canonization ( sev]al holy p]sons long s9ce deceas$4 ,_! names 7 ,josaphat1 ! m>tyr ,ar*bi%op ( ,solotsk2 ,p$ro de ,arbues1 an ,augu/9ian fri>2 ! m>tyrs ( ,gorcum2 ,paul ( ! ,cross1 f\nd] ( ! ,passioni/s2 ,leon>do di ,porto ,maurizio2 ,m>ia ,francesca1 a ,neapolitan ( ! ?ird ord] ( ,/4 ,pet] ( ,alcant>a1 & ,g]ma9e ,c\s91 ( ! diocese ( ,t\l\se4 ,%ortly be=e1 9 ! prec$+ ,decemb]1 ! ,holy ,fa!r enjoy$ ! great happ9ess ( celebrat+1 ) ev5 m ?an ord9>y solemnity1 ! beatification ( ! ,franciscan ,monk1 ,b5$ict ( ,urb9o1 :o di$ 9 odor ( sanctity1 at ,fossombrone1 9 #afbe1 )9 a few miles ( ,s9igaglia1 ! bir?place ( ! ,pope1 leav+ ! :ole c\ntry bord]+ on ! ,adriatic & ! prov9ce ( ,umbria 9 a mann] embalm$ by a life ( sanctity & extraord9>y self-d5ial4 ,pius ,,ix41 f e>ly y\?1 0 famili> ) ! hi/ory ( ?is sa9t1 ^: noble bir? & di/+ui%$ abilities op5$ to him ! way to worldly fame & prosp]ity1 b :o1 nev]!less1 *ose ! cross1 becom+ a ,capu*91 & hav+ no o!r ambition 9 ! seclusion ( ! cloi/] ?an to be a wor?y disciple ( 8 crucifi$ ,savi\r4 ,x 0 by no means to indulge 8 own pi\s feel+s1 or to gratify ! cl]gy & ,ca?olic p1 t ! v5]able ,pontiff invit$ s _m f ,italy & all p>ts ( ! ,*ri/ian _w to take "p ) him 9 celebrat+ ^! canonizations1 &1 at ! same "t1 ! eighte5 hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ! m>tyrdom ( ! bless$ ,apo/les1 ! f\nd]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,8 object 0 to edify1 to place 9 contra/ )1 & 9 opposition to1 ! worldly & unbeliev+ _s ( ! "t ! tea*+s & ! solemn (fices ( religion1 toge!r ) ! p[] ( hol9ess1 s admirably %[n =? 9 ! lives & glory ( ! sa9ts4 ,! revolution aim$ at no?+ less ?an ! de/ruction ( ev]y?+ spiritual4 ,x 0 good = x to be taught t true spirituality is beyond its rea*4 ,x w\ld h>dly be fair to contra/ z purely worldly ! gr& exposition at ,p>is1 ! ,_w's ,fair1 ) ! religi\s celebrations at ,rome4 ,! ri* & v>i$ display ( ! objects ( art & indu/ry1 9 ! beautiful capital ( ,france1 0 ! result ( an advanc$ ,*ri/ian civilization4 ,x 0 recogniz$ z su* by ! greate/ /atesm51 ! able/ m5 ( sci5ce1 & ! wise/ rul]s ( ! age4 ,no d\bt x savor$ m ( ! _w & ( ?+s worldly ?an ! fe/ivals at ,rome4 ,b ! holy city bore x no grudge4 ,x 0 o!r p[]s & o!r arts ?an ^? :i* furni%$ out s gr&ly ! ,p>isian exposition aga9/ :i* ,rome wag$ p]petual w>4 ,a ,roman1 let x n be =gott51 & n ! lea/ pi\s among ! ,romans1 ! illu/ri\s sci5ti/1 ,fa!r ,sec*i1 ^: rec5t decease ! _w lam5ts1 took ! highe/ honors at ! great indu/rial & arti/ic fair4 ,p>is1 inde$1 0 9 contra/ ) ,rome1 b m by its mat]iali/ philosophy ?an by its magnific5t exhibition ( mat]ial improvem5ts4 ,?is philosophy avail$ itself ( ! exposition 9 ord] to %[ to :at ext5t x prevail$2 & ,p>is extoll$ m]e worldly p[]1 luxury1 com=t & voluptu\sness1 :il/ ,rome _h no praise b = humility1 pov]ty1 self-d5ial1 *a/ity4 ,p>is applaud$ ,alex&] ,,ii41 :o massacr$ ! ,poles2 ,rome1 on ! o!r h&1 did honor to a ,poli% bi%op1 ,joseph ,kunicievicz1 :o 0 cruelly murd]$ by ,russian fanaticism4 ,p>is celebrat$ ! apo!osis ( free-?9k+ & religi\s indiff]5ce2 ,rome1 on ! contr>y1 heap$ honors on an ,inquisitor1 ,pet] d',arbues1 :o suff]$ m>tyrdom4 ,p>is 0 l\d 9 h] acclamations to ! pot5tates & conqu]ors ( ! day1 :il/ ,rome exalt$ an humble %eph]dess1 ,g]ma9e ,c\s91 & "s poor & obscure monks :o 7 hang$ by h]etics ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 9 a small t[n ( ,holl&4 ,yet 0 n ,p>is di/+ui%$ only by mat]ial glories1 nor 0 ,rome altoge!r free f ! ta9t ( mod]n worldl9ess4 ,!re 7 ^? 9 ! latt] city :o1 9 ! mid/ ( an atmosph]e ( pi\s ?\ght1 plott$ de$s ( diabolic wick$ness1 :il/ ,p>is1 :i* honor$ ! arts1 0 n )\t sympa?y at ,rome1 & h] prelates1 ! bi%ops ( ,france1 7 f> f be+ ! lea/ among ^? five hundr$ high dignit>ies1 tw5ty ?\s& prie/s ( ,god's ,*ur*1 & m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& ,*ri/ian p f all qu>t]s ( ! kn[n _w1 :o took "p 9 celebrat+ ! glori\s c5t5>y & ! no less glori\s victory ( m ?an two hundr$ m>tyrs4 ,! display ( art1 indu/ry & mod]n improvem5ts ( v k9d pres5t$1 inde$1 9 ! mid/ ( ! beautiful ,fr5* capital1 a magnific5t & *e]+ sight4 ,x 0 no?+1 h[ev]1 to ! moral spectacle af=d$ by ! pres5ce ( t5 or twelve mighty sov]eigns ar\nd ! n[ ,imp]ial au?or ( ! c\p d'etat4 ,x 0 supremely worldly4 ,:o w\ld !n h said t ,william ( ,prussia1 & ,napoleon ,,iii41 ! ,cz> ( ,russia1 & ! successor ( ! caliphs1 :o1 at ! exhibition fetes1 jo9$ h&s 9 app>5t fri5d%ip1 7 s soon to be engag$ 9 deadly /rife8 & t t capital1 :]e s _m great pot5tates came to honor ,napoleon1 %\ld1 9 a ye> or two1 "k him no m1 & ev5 /ruggle ) all ! en]gy ( desp]ation to oblit]ate e ve/ige ( ! improvem5ts ) :i* he _h s enri*$ & beautifi$ ! city8 ,?is 0 ! _w2 = ! _w is ins9c]e4 ,?is 0 ! _w2 = ! figure !re( passe? quickly away4 ,9 ,rome x 0 n s4 ,!re art & religion walk$ h& 9 h&4 ,religion fo/]$ art4 ,art 0 dutiful1 & repaid ! boon4 ,x became ! h&maid ( religion4 ,ev]y:]e )9 ! walls ( h] temples 7 se5 ! products ( art's filial labor1 9 sculpture1 pa9t+1 poetry & music1 h] inexhau/ible treasury ( ?\ght & hi/ory ev] pres5t+ new s\rces ( arti/ic p[] to ! h& ( g5ius4 ,^? temples !mselves be+1 inde$1 ! f9e/ monum5ts ( ar*itecture1 be> glori\s witness to ! excell5t union ( art & religion4 ,worldl9ess1 on ! o!r h&1 :5 at ! height ( its passion aga9/ religion1 seeks to de/roy all ! creations ( art & g5ius4 ,x aims at no?+ less ?an to r$uce mank9d to ! condition ( ! savage1 & is n a%am$ to ackn[l$ge t su* is its aim4 ,let u he> ! te/imony ( ! ,roman arti/s4 ,?is body1 on ! "o h&1 rejoic$ 9 ! com+ celebration ( ! c5t5>y2 on ! o!r1 !y 7 fill$ ) sad =ebod+s z to ! approa*+ d[nfall ( ! ,papal sov]eignty by ! ?reats ( ,g>ibaldi & ! pr$ictions ( ,mazz9i4 ,!y resolv$1 !re=e1 :il/ yet ! ,pope1 :o1 l 8 pr$ecessors1 _h %[n !m mu* k9dness1 & munific5tly rew>d$ _! labors1 reign$ at ,rome1 to pres5t to him a dutiful & affectionate address1 :i* %\ld rema91 9 "t to come1 z a te/imony ( _! gratitude to t b5efic5t sov]eignty :i* !y _h b too mu* reason to fe> w\ld soon come to an end4 ,?is address is s important & tells s mu* tru?1 t x is des]v+ ( a place 9 all hi/ories4 ,x is z foll[s3 8,mo/ ,holy ,fa!r1 religion1 policy & m]e human wisdom h prote/$ 9 favor ( ! temporal p[] ( ! ,papacy4 ,! arts come1 9 _! turn1 to lay _! homage at ! feet ( y\r ,hol9ess1 & to proclaim to ! _w t ?is p[] is to !m indisp5sable4 ,_! voice mu/ be he>d & li/5$ to4 ,= :5 ! tide ( g5]ations rec$es1 ! arts rema9 z ! irrefutable witnesses ( ! p[] & spl5dor ( ! civilization amid :i* ^! g5]ations liv$4 ,! sov]eigns :o enc\rage & develop !m acquire immortal r5[n2 ^? :o neglect or oppress !m meet only ) ! contempt ( po/]ity4 ,:at royal dyna/y has 9 ?is respect des]v$ s well ( civilization & humanity z t ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiffs8 ,!y h be5 ! wat*ful gu>dians ( ! ma/]-pieces bequea!d to u by antiquity4 ,!y h giv5 ^! a home 9 _! own palaces to %[ t religion adopts & ennobles all t is truly beautiful4 ,x is ! ,sov]eign ,pontiffs :o1 by op5+ new av5ues = mod]n art1 h br\ght x to ! po9t ( p]fection1 embodi$ 9 ! ma/]-pieces ( ,raphael & ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,!y alone support 9 ,rome t unique assemblage ( all t is beautiful 9 e ord]1 t spl5did intellectual galaxy 9 ^: light ! arti/s ( e l& are =m$4 ,holy ,fa!r1 ! little spot ( e>? :i* ! revolution has n yet tak5 f y is ! only place 9 :i* ! arts f9d ! inspiration t is = !m ! brea? ( life1 & ! quiet )\t :i* t life _c exp&4 ,! s\l ( ! true arti/ is fill$ ) unspeakable appreh5sion by ! possibility ( see+ ^! ma/]-pieces de/roy$ or scatt]$ abroad1 ^! treasures plund]$1 all ?is weal? annihilat$2 & especially by ! dang] ( see+ ! ungraceful & meagre =ms ( mod]n utilit>ianism usurp ! place held by ! mann]s1 ! habits1 ! face ( all ?+s 9 ?is privileg$ l& ( beauty1 all consecrat$ by ! admiration ( ages4 ,alas6 ,holy ,fa!r1 :at is happ5+ 9 ! re/ ( ,italy af=ds b too firm a gr\nd = su* appreh5sions4 ,! g5ius ( de/ruction is abroad !re1 & proce$s to sweep away pitilessly :at 0 ! glory ( anci5t ,italy4 ,! spoliation & suppression ( ! religi\s ord]s are "o ( ! mo/ deadly bl[s ev] aim$ at ! exi/5ce ( ! f9e arts4 ,sadd5$ by ^? =ebod+s1 fe>ful ( :at ! future may br+ =?1 ! arti/s resid5t 9 ,rome come to ! feet ( y\r ,hol9ess to give utt]ance to _! deep conviction t ! spl5dor1 ! greatness1 ! v exi/5ce ( ! f9e arts 9 ,europe are insep>ably connect$ ) ! ma9t5ance ( ! b5efic5t p[] ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiffs4 ,7 x n t ! rival passions :i* divide ,europe are ( !mselves fatally bl9d to consequ5ces1 ! reign ( y\r ,hol9ess w\ld suffice to r5d] ?is tru? evid5t to all4 ,= :ile else:]e national weal? is wa/$ 9 frivol\s und]tak+s1 or 9 prep>+ in/rum5ts ( de/ruction1 ! mode/ rev5ues inh]it$ by y\r ,hol9ess are ev] employ$ 9 cont9u+ glori\sly ! noble labor ( y\r pr$ecessors4 ,on ! "o h&1 y h drawn f obscurity ! beg9n+s ( ,*ri/ian art1 !reby af=d+ x new & preci\s data2 on ! o!r1 y h adorn$ ,rome & ! ,vatican ) works :i* furni% a new & brilliant page to ! gr& hi/ory ( art embodi$ 9 ! ,vatican itself4 ,:ile else:]e reign$ tr\ble & agitation1 "h arti/s 7 able1 b5ea? ! bless$ sway ( y\r ,hol9ess1 to enjoy a k9dly welcome1 an unre/ra9$ lib]ty1 & ! peaceful contemplation ( ^? v5]able /ructures & sites pres]v$ s happily by ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t f ! sad alt]ations bl9dly wr\ght 9 o!r cities by ! tr\bl\s life ( mod]n communities4 ,may ! ,almighty ,"o he> our pray]1 & p]suade bo? sov]eigns & nations t _! honor & glory w be measur$1 9 com+ ages1 on ! degree ( protection !y %all h af=d$ to ! temporal p[] ( ! ,papacy1 :i* has ev] be5 ! unwe>i$ promot] ( ! developm5t ( all ! noble/ faculties 9 man1 & :i* alone c cont9ue to be ! cu/odian ( ! works ( art orig9at$ by itself1 & by x s fai?fully treasur$ = ! b5efit ( all peoples60 ,?is eloqu5t address w ev] rema9 c>efully gu>d$ by hi/ory1 a noble monum5t ( gratitude1 & n only ?is1 b also z a te/imony1 all ! m valuable z x is ! spontane\s utt]ance ( m5 ( ! mo/ cultivat$ intellect1 9 favor ( t sov]eignty ! de/ruction ( :i* 0 s\ght1 & has be5 accompli%$1 by a p>ty 9 ^: ranks c\ld be c\nt$ only rude soldi]s1 b&s ( filibu/]s & politicians1 if su* !y c\ld be call$1 ^: c\nsels 7 inspir$1 n by ! wisdom :i* di/+ui%es /atesm51 b by bl9d passion1 & ! mo/ unwor?y ( all passions1 ! passion ( hatr$--hatr$ ( ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! great c5t5nial celebration proce$$4 ,:o w\ld h d>$ to say1 :il/ ,n]o reign$ at ,rome1 & ,*ri/ians 7 z p>iahs1 tol]at$ only 9 ord] to af=d ! spectacle ( _! tortures to a hea!n multitude1 t eighte5 hundr$ ye>s f ,n]o's "t1 ,*ri/ianity w\ld fl\ri% & celebrate 9 t city1 :i* 0 ! sc5e ( its greate/ trials1 z well z all ov] ! _w1 its victory & ! glori\s m>tyrdom ( its apo/olic f\nd]s6 ,! mon? ( ,june1 #ahfg1 w ev] be memorable 9 ! annals ( ! *ur*4 ,nev] _h s _m bi%ops assembl$ 9 ! holy city4 ,nor 7 !re ev] !re1 at "o "t1 s _m prie/s & pilgrims ( all ranks & classes4 ,! duties ( ! "t 7 comm5c$ e>ly 9 ! mon?4 ,on ! #aa? & #ab? ( ,june1 consi/ories 7 held 9 pres5ce ( ! bi%ops1 9 ord] to make prep>ation = ! canonization ( two hundr$ & five ,japanese ,*ri/ians--prie/s1 cate*i/s1 laym51 wom5 & *ildr5--put to dea? 9 hatr$ ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 f #afag to #afcb4 ,on ! #bf? ( ,febru>y1 #ahfg1 ! decree ( canonization _h already be5 solemnly read 9 pres5ce ( ,pius ,,ix41 :o1 on ! occasion1 w5t 9 /ate to ! ,roman ,college4 ,on ! #bbnd ,febru>y ( ! same ye>1 ! ,holy ,fa!r sign$ decrees be>+ on ! beatification ( sev]al holy p]sons1 among :om 0 ,clem5t ,m>ia ,h(bau]1 a ,r$emptori/4 ,9 an age ( unbelief1 x 0 only to be expect$ t ! enquiry %\ld be made :y ! ,pope made s _m sa9ts8 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahfg1 8 ,hol9ess repli$1 on occasion ( a visit to ! ,conv5t ( ! ,capu*9 ,fri>s3 8,i h be5 %[n10 said he1 8a pamphlet1 entitl$ #8,:y s _m ,sa9ts8' ,_h we ev] s mu* ne$ ( int]cessors 9 heav5 & patt]ns 9 ?is _w80 ,a little lat] he also said1 allud+ to ! fe/ivals at ,p>is3 8,man has n be5 plac$ on ! e>? solely 9 ord] to amass weal?2 /ill less 9 ord] to lead a life ( pleasure4 ,! _w is ignorant ( ?is4 ,x =gets m9d1 & devotes itself to matt]4 ,nei!r y nor ,i are ?is _w ( :i* ,i speak4 ,y are come "h 9 ! good disposition to seek ! edification ( y\r s\ls4 ,i hope1 !re=e1 t y w be> away ) y a salut>y impression4 ,nev] =get1 my *ildr51 t y h a s\l1 a s\l creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god1 & :i* ,god w judge4 ,be/[ on x m ?\ght & c>e ?an on indu/rial speculations1 railways1 & all ^? less] objects :i* con/itute ! good ?+s ( ?is _w4 ,i =bid y n to int]e/ y\rselves 9 su* transi5t matt]s4 ,d s reasonably & mod]ately4 ,b let me once m beg ( y to rememb] t y h a s\l40 ,none ( ! t5 or twelve pot5tates :o visit$ ,p>is came to ,rome4 ,b _! abs5ce 0 amply made up = by ! imm5se conc\rse ( cl]gy & p f e qu>t] ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,! rev]5ce %[n to ,pius ,,ix4 by s _m prelates 0 truly admirable4 ,a ,*9ese bi%op1 ,mgr4 ,languillat1 ,vic>-apo/olic ( ,nank91 com+ = ! fir/ "t into ! pres5ce ( ! ,supreme ,pa/or1 fell pro/rate on ! ?re%old1 & ) 8 arms ext5d$ t[>ds ! ,pontiff1 began to exclaim3 8,tu es ,petrus60 78,?\ art ,pet]607 8,come to me1 my bro!r10 said ! ,holy ,fa!r4 8,tu es ,petrus60 repli$ ! ,*9ese bi%op1 8,tu es ,petrus60 ,ne$less to say t :5 he approa*$ ! v5]able ,pontiff affectionately embrac$ him1 :il/ bo? gave v5t to _! feel+s 9 te>s4 ,! laity ( all ranks & classes 7 no less devot$4 ,a v mov+ sc5e :i* 0 witness$ ?is same ye> 7#ahfg7 is beautifully describ$ by ! ,prote/ant correspond5t ( ! ,london ,morn+ ,po/3 8,x is truly delightful to meet ,pius ,,ix4 9 ! c\ntry on foot1 walk+ fa/] ?an "o w\ld suppose 8 age c\ld all[1 8 maje/ic p]son array$ 9 a :ite s\tane1 & protect$ by a l>ge broad-brimm$ purple hat4 ,! o!r day1 :5 ,i 0 at ,aricia1 he 0 proce$+ t[>ds ,g5zano1 foll[$ by 8 gu>ds & 8 c>riage4 ,! ex-,que5 ( ,naples & ! ,infanta1 lately ,reg5t1 7 walk+ 9 ! opposite direction1 foll[$ by _! equipages & dome/ics4 ,at a turn ( ! road1 exactly bel[ ! ,villa ,*igi1 ! two gr\ps met4 ,9 a mom5t _! ,royal ,maje/ies 7 on _! knees4 ,8 ,hol9ess quick5$ 8 pace 9 ord] to raise !m up4 ,! peasants ( ! neighborhood1 :o 7 return+ f _! v9ey>ds & or*>ds1 toge!r ) _! wives & daught]s1 7 /ruck ) admiration4 ,!y also advanc$ & knelt on ea* side ( ! c5tral gr\p =m$ by ! illu/ri\s p]sonages1 call+ out ) all _! might3 #8,santo ,padre1 la b5$izione4' #8,holy ,fa!r1 y\r b5$iction6' ,x 0 a spl5did tableau40 ,on occasion ( ! c5t5nial1 sub/antial pro(s ( devot$ness ab\nd$4 ,! num]\s pilgrims n only gave ! homage ( _! fai?1 b also br\ght magnific5t (f]+s1 z ,pet]'s p5ce1 & pres5t$ addresses ) millions ( signatures4 ,"o day fifte5 hundr$ ,italians 7 receiv$ at an audi5ce ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 & made ! (f]+ ( a monum5tal album1 toge!r ) "o hundr$ purses fill$ ) gold1 z ! homage ( "o hundr$ ,italian cities4 ,c>d9al ,mann+ laid at ! feet ( ,pius ,,ix4 #cj1jjj--;a g5]\s te/imony ( ,engli% piety4 ,! ,c>d9al ,ar*bi%op ( ,me*l9 br\ght to ! c5t5>y celebration #af1jjj1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,pos5 #bj1jjj1 & ! ,mexican ar*bi%op #ab1jjj1 :il/ ,cuba (f]$ #ajj1jjj d\ros4 8,we are rev]s+ ! ord] ( nature10 smil+ly obs]v$ ! ,holy ,fa!r2 8"h are ! *ildr5 support+ ! ,fa!r40 ,nor 0 x too mu* = ! wants ( su* a ,fa!r4 ,he receiv$ ) "o h& & g5]\sly disp5s$ ) ! o!r4 ,he took *>ge himself to lodge & ent]ta9 eighty-five ( ! poor] bi%ops f ,italy1 ! ,ea/1 & remote missions4 ,none ( ^! 7 all[$ to dep>t )\t receiv+ abundant aid = _! diocesan good works4 ,fe/ival foll[$ fe/ival at ,rome1 f ! #bj? ,june till ! #g? ( ,july4 ,on ! =m] day 0 celebrat$ ! gr& solemnity ( ,corpus ,*ri/i4 ,! ,pope himself bore ! holy sacram5t1 kneel+ & surr\nd$ by ! great] half ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian episcopate4 ,x 0 rem>k$ t he 0 z calm & collect$ 9 ! mid/ ( su* a great & impos+ multitude z if he _h be5 9 8 private oratory4 ,! va/ assemblage 0 also rapt 9 sil5t contemplation4 ,n a s\nd 0 he>d save ! murmur ( ! f\nta9s4 ,an eye-witness has obs]v$ t if "o clos$ 8 eyes he c\ld imag9e himself 9 a des]t4 ,next day 0 celebrat$ ! #ba/ anniv]s>y ( ! coronation ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,he _h already said1 9 reply to an address read by ,c>d9al ,patrizi1 :5 all ! visitors to ,rome 7 assembl$ on occasion ( ! commemoration ( 8 election--#aj? ,june--8,mod]n society is ard5t 9 ! pursuit ( two ?+s1 progress1 & unity4 ,x fails to rea* ei!r1 because its motive pr9ciples are selfi%ness & pride4 ,pride is ! wor/ enemy ( progress1 & selfi%ness by de/roy+ *>ity1 ! bond ( s\ls1 !reby r5d]+ union impossible4 ,n[ ,god ,himself has e/abli%$ ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff 9 ord] to direct & enlight5 society1 to po9t out evil & indicate ! prop] rem$y4 ,?is induc$ me1 "s ye>s ago1 to publi% ! #8,syllabus4' ,i n[ confirm t solemn act 9 y\r pres5ce4 ,x is to be1 h5ce=?1 ! rule ( y\r tea*+4 ,we h to cont5d1 unceas+ly1 ) ! enemies :o beset u4 ,plac$ on ! m\nta9-top l ,moses1 ,i lift up my h&s to ,god 9 pray] = ! triumph ( ! *ur*4 ,i ask ( y1 my bro!r bi%ops1 to support my arms1 = !y gr[ we>y4 ,take c\rage6 ,! *ur* mu/ triumph4 ,i leave ?is hope 9 y\r he>ts1 n z a hope m]ely1 b z a prophecy40 ,on ! #bcrd 0 consecrat$ ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,angels1 an admirable ar*itectural monum5t1 built orig9ally accord+ to ! plans ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & rebuilt by ,pius ,,ix4 ,! #bd?1 on leav+ ! ,basilica ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an1 ! ,pope 0 ! object ( a m spl5did ovation ?an any1 p]haps1 t he _h z yet receiv$4 ,kneel+ on ! va/ place1 & completely fill+ x1 ! multitude :i* _h n be5 able to ent] ! ,basilica wait$ = ! ,pontifical b5$iction4 ,aft] ! ,holy ,fa!r _h rais$ 8 h& & pron\nc$ ! words ( bless+1 ! :ole p rose1 &1 by a simultane\s movem5t & ) "o voice1 repli$3 8,live ,pius ,,ix46 ,live ! ,pope-,k+60 ,arms & h&k]*iefs wav$ amid/ a ra9 ( beautiful fl[]s4 ,! ,pope's c>riage 0 deta9$ a consid]able "t1 & he himself1 accu/om$ z he 0 to ! demon/rations ( a devot$ p1 0 mov$ to te>s4 ,8 hood 0 almo/ tak5 to pieces1 ?read by ?read1 by ,fr5* ecclesia/ics :o 7 close beh9d 8 ,hol9ess1 & :o deposit$ ! fragm5ts1 z preci\s relics1 9 _! brevi>ies4 ,! cr[d ?rong$ ar\nd ! ,holy ,fa!r & cont9u$ _! acclamations z f> z ! ,vatican1 a di/ance ( ?ree miles4 ,e new day gave pro( ( a l en?usiasm4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 anxi\s to address words ( enc\ragem5t to ! tw5ty ?\s& prie/s ( ! *ur* :o _h come to ,rome4 ,! greatness ( _! numb] 0 a s]i\s h9drance to ?is laudable purpose4 ,! spaci\s consi/orial hall 0 by f> too small to conta9 s _m4 ,on ! #be? ( ,june1 h[ev]1 !y came to ! hall1 cr[d+ its approa*es1 ! passages1 ! great /aircase & ! out] c\rt4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 desir+ to %[ 8 respect & affection = s _m pilgrims ( ! sacr$ ord] ( ! prie/hood1 came to ! assembly 9 m ?an usual /ate4 ,! ?rone 0 rais$ a few /eps1 9 ord] to af=d an opportunity ( see+ & he>+ ! ,supreme ,pa/or4 ,! ,pontiff 0 prec$$ by ! noble gu>d & ! h\sehold prelates4 ,z he ent]$ ! hall1 l\d & joy\s acclamations bur/ f ! assembl$ prie/hood1 = :om x 0 impossible to re/ra9 _! feel+s ( love & v5]ation4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r himself 0 deeply mov$1 &1 ga!r+ en?usiasm f ! unusual sc5e ar\nd him1 spoke s z to be he>d ev5 9 ! remote/ corridors1 :il/ ^? at a /ill great] di/ance 7 visibly mov$ by ! ?rill+ tones ( 8 sonor\s voice4 ,!re are no read]s :o w n be int]e/$ 9 ! words :i* fell f ! lips ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff on ?is unique & solemn occasion4 ,he began by ?ank+ ! assembl$ cl]gy = _! att5dance 9 su* impos+ numb]s4 ,!y 7 ! tribe 9 ,israel1 he cont9u$1 ^: special inh]itance 0 ! ,"l4 ,!y /ood betwe5 him & 8 p ev]more1 (f]+ ) pray] & supplication ! spotless victim ( ! new law4 ,let !m look well to ! m9i/ry entru/$ to !m1 %9+ 9 ! pres5ce ( all m5 by ! dignity ( _! be>+1 ! innoc5ce ( _! life1 by integrity & *>ity1 & ! gold5 ornam5ts ( e virtue4 8,y10 he said1 8:o are ! int]pret]s ( ! ^w ( ,god1 y mu/ prea* x unwe>i$ly to ! wise & ! unwise4 ,prea* to !m ,*ri/ & ,him crucifi$1 n 9 l(t9ess ( spee*1 b 9 ! k ( ! _s1 nev] ceas+ to call into ! "r road all :o /ray1 & confirm !m 9 s\nd doctr9e4 ,disp5s]s ( ! div9e my/]ies & ( ! manifold grace ( ,god1 deal x out to ! fai?ful p1 to ! sick especially1 9 ord] t no help may fail !m 9 _! la/ /ruggle ) ! evil "o4 ,d n refuse to ! little ones ( ! flock ! milk :i* !y ne$4 ,let x be y\r de>e/ c>e to tea* !m1 to tra9 !m1 to =m !m4 ,be ! fai?ful & devot$ helpmates ( y\r respective bi%ops2 obey+ !m 9 all ?+s1 zeal\s to heal 9 y\r p>i%es :atev] is ail+1 to b9d up :at is brok51 to raise up :at is fall51 to seek :at is lo/1 9 ord] t 9 all ?+s ,god may be honor$ ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,lift up y\r s\ls & contemplate ! immeasurable height ( glory prep>$ by him = all true & fai?ful labor]s40 ,on ! #bf? a great public consi/ory 0 held4 ,! five hundr$ bi%ops !n at ,rome 7 invit$ to att5d4 ,s great a numb] _h nev] be=e assembl$ 9 ,italy or any "p ( ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom4 ,nor inde$ 0 !re ev]1 or c\ld !re ev] h be51 s great an occasion = _! assembl+4 ,!re 0 "q ( celebrat+ ! eighte5 hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ! glori\s m>tyrdom ( ,rome's fir/ great bi%op1 s _m prelates _h come toge!r1 also 9 ord] to v5]ate ,pet] 9 ! p]son ( 8 v5]able successor1 :o _h n[ s long & s glori\sly borne witness to ! ,tru?--! ,tru? 9 its pl5itude1 z fir/ committ$ to ,pet] & 8 fell[-apo/les4 ,! _w 0 no long] hea!n1 & no ,n]o reign$1 b ! _s ( unbelief 0 abroad1 & its *ampions 7 ev5 !n seek+ to drive ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff f ! holy city1 & 7 wag+ w> ) z det]m9$ wick$ness z t ( ! e>ly p]secutors aga9/ :om ! apo/les _h s successfully cont5d$4 ,! numb] ( pilgrims f all p>ts ( ! ,*ri/ian _w1 :o _h come to ,rome on occasion ( ! c5t5nial celebration1 is said by "s writ]s to h be5 n less ?an half a million4 ,! pres5ce ( s great a numb] ( devot$ ,*ri/ian p on su* an occasion 0 ! noble/ prote/ t c\ld be imag9$ aga9/ ! va9 boa/s & prophecies ( ! enemies ( ! ,*ur* :i* ,pet] f\nd$4 ,t *ur* 0 n yet =sak51 or de/9$ soon to p]i%1 :i*1 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury ( h] un9t]rupt$ exi/5ce1 c\ld speak ?r\gh s _m witnesses--! repres5tatives ( e civiliz$ nation ( ! _w4 ,! great consi/orial hall 9 ! ,vatican ,palace be+ too small to conta9 s great a cr[d ( dignifi$ li/5]s1 ! assembly 0 held 9 ! m spaci\s room :i* is situat$ above ! ve/ibule ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ,*ur*4 ,at ! op5+ ( ! consi/ory ! c>d9al's hat 0 conf]r$ on ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,seville1 ,luis de la ,la/ray ,cue/a4 ,a =mal petition = ! beatification ( ,m>ie ,rivi]1 ! f\ndress ( ! pres5tation ,nuns ( ,france1 0 !n pres5t$4 ,aft] ?is c]emony1 ! ,holy ,fa!r1 z 0 expect$1 deliv]$ an allocution to ! bi%ops4 ,he 0 full ( admiration = _! zeal 9 com+ 9 su* numb]s on 8 invitation1 & he c\ld n d less ?an express to !m 8 gratitude4 ,_! pres5ce 0 a /rik+ pro( ( ! unity ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 8,yes1 ev]y?+ "h proclaims t admirable unity by :i*1 z ?r\gh a my/]i\s *annel1 all ! gifts & graces ( ! ,holy ,_s fl[ into ! my/ic body ( ,*ri/1 call+ =? 9 e "o ( its memb]s ^? acts ( fai? & *>ity :i* excite ! wond] ( all mank9d4 ,:at has br\ght y "h8 ,are y n come to decree ! honors ( sanctity to ^? h]oes ( ! *ur*1 ! great] numb] ( :om bore away ! palm ( victory 9 _! glori\s witness = ,*ri/8 ,( ^! "s di$ 9 def5d+ ! primacy ( ?is apo/olic see1 :i* is ! c5tre ( tru? & unity2 o!rs gave _! lives 9 def5ce ( ! unity & integrity ( ! fai?2 o!rs aga9 %$ _! blood 9 ! endeavor to br+ back s*ismatics to ! "o fold4 ,is x n provid5tial t su* h]oism %\ld be commemorat$ & honor$ at ! v mom5t :5 ! ,ca?olic fai? & ! au?ority ( ! ,holy ,see are ! objects ( su* furi\s & implacable conspiracies8 ,we are also "h to celebrate ) solemn rites ! memory ( t auspici\s day1 eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 ,pet] & ,paul consecrat$ by _! h]oic witness+ & _! preci\s blood ?is impregnable /ronghold ( ,ca?olic unity4 ,:at c be m reasonable ?an t our joy\s commemoration ( ?is triumphant dea? ( ! pr9ce ( ! apo/les %\ld be grac$ by y\r pres5ce8 ,= he belongs to ! entire ,ca?olic _w4 ,x is also mo/ important t ! enemies ( religion %\ld conclude f :at !y witness "h h[ mighty is ! en]gy1 h[ unfail+ ! life1 ( t ,ca?olic ,*ur* :i* !y s bitt]ly hate2 h[ little wisdom !y display 9 mat*+ _! /r5g? & _! tempor>y triumphs ov] h] aga9/ t incomp>able union ( liv+ =ces :i* ! creative p[] ( ,*ri/ has b\nd ar\nd ?is c5tral rock4 ,m ?an ev] is x ne$ful 9 our age1 t all m5 %\ld see & und]/& t ! only /rong & la/+ tie betwe5 m5's s\ls dep5ds on ! reign ov] all ( ! same ,_s ( ,god4 ,besides1 :at c make a m abid+ impression on ,ca?olic nations2 :at c draw !m m p[]fully & b9d !m m closely 9 ob$i5ce to ?is apo/olic *air & to u1 ?an to see h[ mu* _! pa/ors *]i% ! rights & duties ( ,ca?olic unity1 ?an to behold !m j\rney+ f ! f>!/ l&s1 not)/&+ e inconv5i5ce & imp$im5t1 9 ord] to visit ,rome & ! apo/olic *air1 z well z to rev]e 9 our humble p]son ! successor ( ,pet] & ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/8 ,we h be5 always conv9c$1 f ! mom5t we beheld y approa*+ ,pet] 9 ! p]son ( 8 successor1 or ev5 ent]+ ?is city1 :i* is impregnat$ ) 8 blood1 t f !nce to ea* "o ( y %\ld g =? a special virtue4 ,yes1 f ?is tomb1 :]e ,pet]'s a%es repose amid ! v5]ation ( ! ,*ri/ian _w1 a hidd5 p[]1 a salut>y en]gy1 emanates :i* in/ils into ! s\ls ( ! ,*ief ,pa/ors ! desire ( great und]tak+s & ( va/ designs1 inspir+ t fe>lessness & magnanimity :i* enable !m to put d[n ! impud5t boldness ( _! assailants4 ,!re _c be (f]$ to ! eyes ( m5 & angels a m magnific5t spectacle ?an :at "o beholds 9 su* a conc\rse ( pilgrims z ?is4 ,y :o come f ! ends ( ! e>? to ?is home ( y\r ,fa!r rem9d u n only ( t pilgrimage :i* leads u all to ! et]nal home1 y also call to m9d ! j\rney ( ! *os5 p f gypt to ! promis$ l&1 ! twelve tribes m>*+ toge!r1 ea* "u its *ief1 be>+ its own "n1 hav+ its own appropriate place 9 ! camp4 ,e family !re 0 ob$i5t to its p>5ts1 e company ( w>riors he>k5$ to ! voice ( its capta91 & ! entire multitude to ! div9ely-appo9t$ lead]4 ,all ^! tribes1 nev]!less1 7 b "o p1 ador+ ! same ,god1 wor%ipp+ at ! same alt>1 obey+ ! same laws1 hav+ "o ,pontiff1 ,a>on1 & "o lead]1 ,moses--"o p1 enjoy+ common rights 9 ! p]ils & labors ( w>f>e z well z 9 ! results ( victory1 dwell+ 9 ! same t5ts1 & f$ by ! same miracul\s bread1 :il/ all ye>n$ = ! same end ( _! pilgrimage4 ,no?+ is to u ! subject ( su* ard5t long+ z to see bo? ourselves & ! :ole *ur* d]iv+ f ?is preci\s union ! mo/ salut>y bless+s4 ,x has long be5 a s]i\s matt] ( ?\ght = u1 & :i*1 inde$1 we communicat$ to sev]al ( ! episcopal body1 to hold an cum5ical ,c\ncil1 9 :i*1 ) ! ,div9e assi/ance1 our unit$ c\nsels & solicitude %\ld devise su* effici5t rem$ies z are necess>y = ! evils t afflict ! *ur*40 ,pius ,,ix4 _h = a long "t ent]ta9$ ! idea ( hold+ an cum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,& no d\bt 8 m9d f\nd relief :5 he communicat$ 8 purpose to ! assembl$ bi%ops4 ,two ye>s lat]1 z is well kn[n1 ! propos$ c\ncil 0 conv5$ at ! ,vatican1 & f ?is circum/ance is kn[n 9 hi/ory z ! ,vatican ,c\ncil4 ,bi%ops1 prie/s & laity he>d ! intimation ) delight4 ,_! f]vor & en?usiasm increas$ z ! day ( ! gr& c5t5nial celebration approa*$4 ,! vigil1 #bh? ,june1 0 enliv5$ by illum9ations4 ,by e>ly dawn on ! #bi?1 ! fea/ ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 p p\r$ into ,rome f ! surr\nd+ t]ritory4 ,!y 7 welcome visitors4 ,! ,romans1 f> f be+ jeal\s ( s great a conc\rse ( /rang]s1 hail$ !m z bro!rs1 engag$1 z !y also 71 9 ! great object ( do+ honor to ! memory ( ,rome's apo/les4 ,! fir/ gr& public c]emony ( ! day 0 ! solemn canonization1 ( :i* no description ne$ be giv5 9 ?is place1 z ev]y?+ 0 conduct$ 9 ! same way z 9 #aheb & #ahfc4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r himself !n celebrat$ ,high ,mass1 &1 :at is /ill m notewor?y1 deliv]$ ! s]mon ( ! day4 ,until ! "t ( ,pius ,,ix41 no ,pope _h prea*$ 9 public s9ce ! epo* ( ! ,crusades & ! ,pontificate ( ,gregory ,,vii4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r set an example to all :o prea* on great & solemn public occasions4 ,8 s]mon 0 %ort1 b replete ) in/ruction1 & m>k$ by t e>ne/ness :i* comm&s att5tion & moves ! s\l4 ,! music1 z 0 fitt+ at s great a celebration1 0 giv5 by ?ree *oirs1 9 all f\r hundr$ voices1 :i* completely fill$ ! imm5se ,basilica1 convey+1 by ! exquisite music :i* !y gave =?1 an idea ( t m ?an e>?ly h>mony :i* ev] asc5ds to ! ?rone ( heav5 f ! angelic *oirs4 ,!re 0 also a solemn s]vice 9 ! aft]noon1 :i* 0 alike highly int]e/+ & calculat$ to inspire devotion4 ,! g5]al illum9ation :i* took place at night rivall$ ! spl5dor ( ! bright ,italian day4 ,on ,june #cj? 0 celebrat$ ! special fea/ ( ,/4 ,paul 9 ! f9e *ur* d$icat$ to ?is great apo/le1 & ) sc>cely less magnific5ce ?an t ( ,/4 ,pet] _h be5 honor$4 ,! bi%ops n[ desir$1 be=e leav+ ,rome1 to pres5t an address to ! ,holy ,fa!r1 z well 9 reply to 8 allocution ( #bf? ,june z to express _! gratitude = ! great k9dness :i* he _h %[n !m4 ,! #a/ ,july 0 ! day *os5 = ! pres5tation ( ?is address4 ,x is a model ( elegant ,lat9ity1 & completely refutes ! mod]n ass]tion t *ur*m5 are unacqua9t$ ) ! ,lat9 ( ! classics4 ,! reply ( ! assembl$ bi%ops to ! fa!rly allocution ( ,pius ,,ix4 af=ds1 moreov]1 an admirable pro( ( ! sympa?y ( ! unit$ episcopate ) ! ,supreme ,bi%op4 ,x %[s ! excell5t union ( ! bi%ops ) "o ano!r1 & _! no less p]fect union ) _! ,head4 ,:at m c\ld !re h be5 9 ! brighte/ days ( ! *ur*'s hi/ory8 7,m#ajf7 ,! ,fr5* g>rison _h dep>t$ be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! memorable celebrations t h be5 j describ$4 ,al?\gh ! population ( ,rome 0 lit]ally d\bl$ by ! pres5ce ( pi\s /rang]s1 n ! slighte/ brea* ( ord] 0 ev] obs]v$4 ,! ex]cise ( filial duty requir$ n to be wat*$ ov] by any outside p[]4 ,x 0 n[ sev5 mon?s s9ce ,napoleon ,,iii4 _h )drawn 8 troops4 ,on ! #f? ,decemb]1 #ahff1 ,pius ,,ix4 _h tak5 leave ( !m 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,y\r flag1 :i* left ,france eighte5 ye>s ago ) commission to def5d ! rights ( ! ,holy ,see1 0 at t "t att5d$ by ! pray]s & acclamations ( all ,*ri/5dom4 ,to-day x returns to ,france4 ,i desire1 my de> *ildr51 t x may be welcom$ by ! same acclamations4 ,b ,i d\bt x4 ,x is only too manife/1 inde$1 t because x w appe> to h ceas$ to protect me my enemies w n on t acc\nt cease to attack me4 ,q ! contr>y4 ,we mu/ n delude ourselves4 ,! revolution w come "h4 ,x has decl>$ & /ill decl>es t x w4 ,an ,italian p]sonage 9 high position lately said t ,italy is made b n complet$4 ,italy w\ld be undone if !re 7 "h "o spot ( e>? :]e ord]1 ju/ice & tranquillity prevail6 ,=m]ly1 six ye>s ago1 ,i conv]s$ ) a repres5tative ( ,france4 ,he ask$ me if !re 7 any?+ ,i wi%$ to transmit to ! ,emp]or4 ,i repli$3 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,bi%op ( ,hippo1 :i* is n[ a ,fr5* city1 behold+ ! b>b>ians at ! gates ( ! t[n1 pray$ ! ,"l t he might die be=e !y ent]$1 because 8 m9d 0 horror-/ruck by ! ?\ght ( ! evils :i* !y w\ld cause4 ,i add$3 ,say ?is to ! ,emp]or3 he w und]/& x4 ,! ambassador made answ]3 ,mo/ ,holy ,fa!r1 h confid5ce2 ! b>b>ians w n ent]4 ,! ambassador 0 no prophet4 ,dep>t1 my *ildr51 dep>t ) my bless+ & my love4 ,if y see ! ,emp]or1 tell him t ,i pray = him e day4 ,x is said t 8 heal? is n v good2 ,i pray t he may h heal?4 ,x is said t 8 m9d is n at ease4 ,i pray = 8 s\l4 ,! ,fr5* nation is ,*ri/ian2 its ,*ief ought also to be ,*ri/ian4 ,let !re be pray] ) confid5ce & p]sev]ance1 & ?is great & p[]ful nation may obta9 :at x desires4 ,dep>t1 my *ildr52 ,i imp>t to y my b5$iction1 & ) x my wi% t x may att5d y ?r\gh\t ! j\rney ( life4 ,?9k n t y leave me "h alone & depriv$ ( all res\rce4 ,god rema9s ) me2 9 ,him ,i place my tru/60 ,pius ,,ix41 9 a m private communication1 said3 8,yes1 ,god su/a9s ,8 vic> & aids 8 weakness4 ,he may p]mit him to be driv5 away1 b only 9 ord] to %[1 once m1 t he c br+ him back4 ,i h be5 exil$2 ,i return$ f exile4 ,if bani%$ anew1 ,i w aga9 return4 ,& if ,i die--well6 if ,i die1 ,pet] w rise aga960 ,?us did ,pius ,,ix4 cle>ly =esee ! dang] b 0 n on t acc\nt less confid5t4 ,nor did 8 confid5ce less5 8 =esight4 ,:at1 inde$1 he said publicly1 8,! revolution w come "h10 ev]yone capable ( reason+ said 9 secret4 ,! ,septemb] conv5tion left ! small ,pontifical sov]eignty surr\nd$ on all sides by its enemies1 j z ! gov]nm5t ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 w\ld h be5 if isolat$ 9 ,p>is & ! two neighbor+ dep>tm5ts1 all ! re/ ( ! ,fr5* t]ritory be+ 9 ! p[] ( a republic1 or a ,b\rbon ,mon>*y4 ,9 va9 did ,m4 ,r\h] endeavor to demon/rate to ! ,*amb]s t a /able equilibrium 0 e/abli%$1 & :i* 0 ( su* a "* z to rema9 by itself = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,nobody 0 conv9c$ by 8 reason+4 ,b ! ,imp]ial majorities1 recruit$ z !y 7 by ! sy/em ( (ficial c&idatures1 ask$ n ( ! complaisant m9i/] reasons :i* he _h n to give4 ,!y s\ght only pretexts :i* %\ld all[ !m to vote1 ) a %[ ( dec5cy1 accord+ to ! wi%es ( ! ma/]4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r 0 de/9$ to enjoy a p]iod ( success be=e 8 prophecy came to be fulfill$4 ,imm$iately aft] ! disa/r\s b glori\s ev5ts ( #ahfj1 ! c\rage\s ,belgian1 ,mgr4 de ,m]ode1 z ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 & aft]w>ds ,g5]al ,kanzl]1 9 ?is same capacity1 greatly r5ew$ ! small ,pontifical army4 ,z _! labors des]v$1 !y 7 att5d$ ) success4 ,lamorici]e di$ t[>ds ! end ( #ahfe2 b on ! new al>m ( dang]1 _m ( 8 vet]ans ( ,ca/elfid>do & ,ancona1 return$ to ,rome 9 #ahff4 ,! fl[] ( ! ,fr5*1 ,dut*1 ,belgian1 ,engli%1 ,swiss & ,roman y\? made x a po9t ( honor to swell ! ranks ( ! ,papal ,z\aves4 ,! high tone1 ! illu/ri\s names ( sev]al ( ^! new crusad]s1 & ! admirable discipl9e :i* prevail$ among !m all1 soon won = !m ! respect ev5 ( ! few revolutioni/s :o 7 at ,rome4 ,^! brave & self-sacrific+ y\?s1 _m ( :om s]v$ at _! own co/1 7 address$ z 8,signor ,soldato0 7,signor ,soldi]7 by ! pass]s-by1 :il/ ! v5al scribes ( ! outside revolution>y press did _! be/ to /igmatize !m z 8! m]c5>ies ( ! ,pope40 ,:il/ "s ( ^! w>riors devot$ _! life1 o!rs be/[$ _! gold4 ,x is honorable to ! ,ca?olic p t1 9 ! circum/ances1 !y add$ ! good "w ( support+ ! ,pontifical army to _! collections ( ,pet]'s p5ce4 ,9 ord] to furni% ! sum ( #ejj francs 7#bj /]l+7 ye>ly1 :i* 0 requir$ = ea* soldi]1 artisans & ev5 dome/ic s]vants freely subscrib$4 ,9 #ahfg1 ! ,ca?olics ( ! diocese ( ,cambrai1 s5t two hundr$ ,z\aves2 ^? ( ,rodez & ,arras1 "o hundr$ = ea* diocese2 :il/ ,cologne1 ,nantes1 ,r5nes & ,t\l\se did almo/ z mu*4 ,mean:ile1 hav+ its eyes some:at op5$ by ! light f ,sad[a1 ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t appe>$ to h ab&on$1 z reg>d$ ! protection ( ! ,holy ,see1 its secret maxim ( #ahfj3 8,nei!r d any?+ nor all[ any?+ to be done40 ,9 )draw+ f ,rome1 x _h au?oriz$ ! creation1 "u a *ief :om x 0 pleas$ itself to designate1 a body ( volunte]s1 select$ *iefly f ! ,fr5* army1 ^: duty x %\ld be to gu>d ! ,pope4 ,?is corps 0 call$ ! ,legion ( ,antibes1 f ! "n ( ! city :]e x 0 =m$4 ,pius ,,ix41 besides1 c\ld rely on ! fidelity ( ! ,roman army1 prop]ly s call$4 ,?us 0 he m ?an suffici5tly provid$ aga9/ any possible int]nal di/urbance4 ,x 0 n to be expect$ t he %\ld be prep>$ to meet a =midable =eign invasion ( 8 /ate4 ,! notori\s ,g>ibaldi _h already made prep>ations = invad+ ! ,roman t]ritory4 ,:il/ he neglect$ n to /r5g!n ! ,int]national at ! ,g5eva ,congress ( ,demagogues1 ! indefatigable brig& avail$ himself ( ! cr[d+ ( pilgrims to ,rome 9 ord] to deceive ! ,pontifical police1 & to introduce into ! city b&s ( cut?roats1 munitions ( w>1 & arms ( e k9d1 n except+ ,ors9i bombs4 ,aft] ! dep>ture ( ! bi%ops1 he op5$ publicly1 9 ,italy1 subscription li/s1 & enroll$ soldi]s4 ,! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t /ores 7 at 8 s]vice z !y 7 9 #ahfj1 9 ord] to aid him 9 clo?+ & arm+ 8 volunte]s4 ,^! 7 jo9$ by num]\s function>ies & (fic]s ( ! regul> army1 :o took no pa9s to conceal _! ,pi$montese arms & uni=ms4 ,municipalities1 at public delib]ative meet+s1 vot$ subsidies to ! ,g>ibaldians1 & railway manag]s provid$ !m ) special tra9s4 ,:il/ s _m ?+s t cle>ly %[$ ! complicity ( ,pi$mont 7 done1 ,victor ,emmanuel s5t prote/ation aft] prote/ation to ,p>is4 ,he did n1 by any means1 int5d1 he said1 to disemb>rass himself ( ! obligations :i* 7 impos$ on him by ! fir/ article ( ! conv5tion ( ! #ae? ,septemb]1 #ahfe4 ,x might be reli$ ^u1 besides1 t he w\ld *eck ! agitators & repress by =ce1 ev51 if necess>y1 all violation ( ! ,pontifical fronti]4 ,nor did ! wily mon>* conf9e himself to words4 ,he act$ z he c\ld act s well4 ,g>ibaldi 0 s5t to 8 isl&1 ,capr]a2 b only 9 ord] to escape f x at ! opportune mom5t1 ?r\gh ! sev5 vessels by :i* he 0 gu>d$4 ,an ord] = 8 arre/ 0 !n issu$4 ,active se>* 0 made = him at ,g5oa1 at ,tur91 ev]y:]e except at ,flor5ce1 :]e he h>angu$ ! p 9 ! mo/ public places1 ev5 "u ! w9d[s ( ! ,k+'s palace4 ,lat]1 :5 x 0 und]tak5 to arre/ him at ,flor5ce1 x s happ5$ t he _h />t$ by a special tra9 = ! ,roman fronti]1 toge!r ) a complete /aff4 7,m#ajg7 ,! telegraph 0 put 9 requisition 9 ord] to turn back ! tra94 ,b1 possibly ?r\gh ! fault ( a disob$i5t employee1 ! telegraph fail$ to accompli% its purpose4 ,! ,italian gov]nm5t neglect$ n to hold an inve/igation 9 reg>d to ?is matt]1 & swore t ! guilty p>ty1 if f\nd out1 w\ld be puni%$4 ,:at m c\ld be desir$8 ,0 n ,france satisfi$ ) mu* less ?an ?is 9 #ahfj8 ,:il/ diplomacy 0 ?us play+ its role1 ,g>ibaldi & 8 myrmidons 7 p5etrat+ on all sides at once ! ,pontifical t]ritory4 ,tw5ty-sev5 g5sd'armes1 :o gu>d$ ! small t[n ( ,aquap5d5te1 7 surpris$ by two hundr$ & fifty ,g>ibaldians1 :o1 on be+ re-in=c$ by ano!r b&1 m>*$ !nce on ,is*ia1 ,val5tano & ,can9o1 pillag+ ! public *e/s1 sack+ ! conv5ts & *ur*es1 prud5tly retir+ z (t5 z !y met ,pontifical =ces 9 any consid]able numb]s4 ,eighty-five ,z\aves1 or soldi]s ( ! l9e1 hav+ ra%ly pursu$ !m at ,bagnorea1 & attack$ !m ) ! bayonet1 7 repuls$ ) loss4 ,x c\ld n well h be5 o!rwise1 consid]+ ! great disp>ity ( numb]s4 ,g>ibaldi %\t$ victory1 9 8 usual emphatic /yle3 8,hail to ! victors ( ,aquap5d5te & ,bagnorea6 ,! =eign m]c5>ies h fl$ be=e ! valiant *ampions ( ,italian lib]ty4 ,^? bragg>ts :o ?ir/$ = blood h exp]i5c$ ! noble g5]osity ( _! brave conqu]ors4 ,z to y1 prie/s1 :o "k s well h[ to burn1 torture & imprison2 y :o dr9k1 ) hy5a-l delight1 9 ! cup ( y\r deceit1 ! blood ( ! lib]ators2 we p>don y1 &1 toge!r ) y1 t but*] soldi]y1 ! pe/il5t scum ( a fai?less faction40 ,! conqu]ors1 h[ev]1 7 driv5 f _! easy conque/s be=e !y receiv$ ?is proclamation :i* spoke ( m]cy 9 t]ms t express$ x s poorly4 ,ev5ts :i* 7 a cruel satire on ,g>ibaldi's words1 & :i* he _h n =ese51 caus$ 8 b&s to fall into ! p[] ( ! ,pontifical troops1 s t x 0 !y :o su$ = p>don & obta9$ x4 ,x c ev5 be said t on ?is occasion ! g5]osity ( ! soldi]s ( ! ,pope 0 excessive1 = ! vanqui%$ enemy _h be5 guilty ( _m o!r crimes besides t ( ris+ 9 arms aga9/ ! legitimate gov]nm5t4 ,!y _h pillag$ ! ,ca!dral ( ,bagnorea1 brok5 ! tab]nacle1 /ol5 ! sacr$ vessels1 defil$ ! image ( ! ,madonna1 pi]c$ ! crucifix ) _! bayonets1 decapitat$ ! /atues ( ! sa9ts1 & enact+ an inf]nal p>ody1 %ot an in(f5sive man1 9 ord] t human blood might be %$ on ! alt> ( sacrifice4 ,at ,subiaco1 ! gov]nor1 :o 0 a prie/1 fell1 toge!r ) ! t[n1 into ! h&s ( ! b&itti4 ,!y 7 prep>+ to sack ! place & put ! gov]nor to dea?1 :5 a ,pontifical troop appe>$4 ,! /ruggle 0 %ort4 ,! ,g>ibaldian *ief 0 sla91 & ! re/ fl$4 ,!y :o gu>d$ ! prison] ?rew !mselves at 8 knees1 implor+ m]cy4 8,h pity on u1 my ,"l2 d n give u up to ! ,z\aves2 !y w\ld kill u40 ,! gov]nor made !m g into 8 oratory & clos$ ! door4 ,mean:ile ! comm&ant ( ! ,z\aves arriv$1 gave him ! details ( ! battle1 & spoke ( ! prison]s he _h tak54 8,ev]ybody makes prison]s10 said ! gov]nor1 smil+4 8,i h "s also1 al?\gh n1 l y1 a man ( ! sword40 8,:]e are !y80 8,ah6 !y are m9e & n y\rs4 ,promise t y w respect my absolute "r ( conqu]or2 if n1 ,i w n %[ !m40 ,! comm&ant made ! desir$ promise1 & ! gov]nor op5$ ! door ( 8 oratory & made ! ,g>ibaldians come out4 ,^! prison]s 7 greatly amaz$4 ,hav+ ask$ & obta9$ ! gov]nor's prie/ly bless+1 !y freely recross$ ! ,italian fronti]4 ,! action at ,monte-,libretti1 :i* took place on ! #ad? ,octob]1 0 ( a m s]i\s "*4 ,eighty ,z\aves cont5d$ f half-pa/ five 9 ! ev5+ till eight o'clock aga9/ twelve hundr$ ,g>ibaldians4 ,ar?ur ,guillem91 _! capta91 & ,urba9 de ,quel51 _! second lieut5ant1 fell glori\sly4 ,:5 night came1 ! ,z\aves be+ unable to fight any long]1 & n v5tur+ to e/abli% !mselves 9 ! fir/ h\ses :i* !y _h tak51 :il/ all ! re/ ( ! t[n /ill sw>m$ ) ! enemy1 retir$ 9 good ord]1 be>+ away _! dead1 & also twelve prison]s4 ,!y return$ next morn+1 9 ord] to r5ew ! attack1 b f\nd ! place evacuat$4 ,! violation ( ! ,pontifical t]ritory 0 n[ too flagrant to be d5i$ any long]1 & ! m s1 z ! ,cab9et ( ! ,tuil]ies 0 n ignorant ( any?+ t 0 tak+ place4 ,x 01 by a =tunate accid5t1 repres5t$ at ,rome by a diplomati/ ( a diff]5t s*ool f t ( ,?\v5el & ,lavalette4 ,! ambassador1 ,m4 de ,s>tiges1 0 abs5t on leave1 & 0 replac$ by 8 fir/ secret>y1 ,m4 ,arman4 ,! latt] und]/ood 8 duty1 &1 at ! risk ( be+ importunate1 ceas$ n to make kn[n1 e day1 to ,france1 ! ev5ts :i* 7 s rapidly occurr+4 ,?us did a comp>atively humble secret>y save ! honor ( 8 c\ntry4 ,compell$ by ! t]ms ( ! ,septemb] conv5tion to /ay ! invasion1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,flor5ce /ation$ a corps ( =ty ?\s& m51 "u ! comm& ( ,ciald9i1 ar\nd ! ,pontifical fronti]1 & intimat$ to ! ,tuil]ies t x 0 = its protection4 ,x soon became evid5t t x 0 9 ord] to fall ^u x1 9 ! wake ( ,g>ibaldi1 z !y _h fall5 ^u ! ,k+dom ( ,naples 9 #ahfj4 ,mean:ile1 ! invad]s pass$ )\t any difficulty betwe5 ! diff]5t po/s1 & :5 beat5 & pursu$ by ! ,pontifical troops1 !y retir$ & re=m$ beh9d ! ranks ( ! ,pi$montese4 7,m#ajh7 ,h5ce ! small body ( ,pontifical soldi]s 0 easily ov]:elm$1 & ! ,g>ibaldian hordes1 al?\gh beat51 7 always advanc+4 ,rome 0 fill$ ) con/]nation4 ,! cut?roats ( ! revolution spoke ( apply+ gunp[d] to public edifices4 ,& inde$ !y set ab\t fulfill+ _! ?reat by bl[+ up ! ,s]ratori b>racks1 :i* !y _h und]m9$1 & :i* buri$1 "o ev5+1 9 _! ru9s1 ! music b& ( ! ,z\aves1 :il/ !y 7 engag$ at a rehe>sal4 ,=tunately ! b&sm5 7 ! only victims4 ,! re/ ( ! corps :i* rema9$ to gu>d ! city 0 at ! mom5t patroll+ at a di/ance f ! b>racks4 ,! ,g>ibaldians expect$ ! explosion4 ,!y ru%$ into ! /reets & endeavor$ to avail !mselves ( ! t]ror & confusion :i* g5]ally prevail$ 9 ord] to seize ! milit>y po/s4 ,!y manag$ to assass9ate1 9 ! d>k1 a few soldi]s & "s g5sd'armes2 b !y succe$$ n ev5 9 r++ ! al>m-bell at ! ,capitol1 :i* 0 int5d$ to be _! signal4 ,_! pr9cipal lead]1 a ,milanese1 ^: "n 0 ,cairoli1 0 kill$ ) arms 9 8 h&s1 toge!r ) "s tw5ty ( 8 foll[]s1 9 a v9ey>d ne> ! city2 & s fail$ ! ent]prise4 ,! ,fr5* ,cab9et ceas$1 at l5g?1 to p]si/ 9 ! face ( ! cle>e/ evid5ce & aga9/ ! unanim\s voice ( ! national consci5ce4 ,a small body ( soldi]s _h be5 s5t to ! ,fr5* port ( ,t\lon4 ,x receiv$ ord]s to emb>k = ,civita ,vec*ia4 ,ca?olics 7 reliev$ f _! anxiety4 ,mean:ile came new assurances f ,flor5ce4 ,a c\nt]-ord] 0 giv51 & ! emb>kation susp5d$4 ,victor ,emmanuel & 8 m9i/]1 ,ratazzi1 ?\ght !y und]/ood ! secret mean+ ( ?is c\nt]-ord]4 ,!y rememb]$ ! pa/1 & ! troops ( ,ciald9i boldly cross$ ! ,pontifical fronti]4 7,m#aji7 ,fr5* hi/orians relate t1 on receiv+ ?is news1 all :o _h any conc]n = ! honor ( ,france believ$ t x _h come to an end1 & made up _! m9ds1 9 sull5 sil5ce1 to swall[ ! new disgrace4 ,!y :o 7 indiff]5t1 ev51 became indignant4 ,p :o met on ! b\lev>ds ( ,p>is ask$ "o ano!r to :at extremes ^? ,italian m\ntebanks 7f>ceurs7 w\ld br+ !m4 ,! enemies ( ! ,pope1 :o 7 equally ho/ile to ! ,emp]or1 rejoic$1 b secretly4 ,! deputies ei!r prote/$ toge!r ) ! ,ca?olics1 or d>$ n %[ !mselves2 ! m9i/]s 7 sil5t4 ,f9ally1 ! army took its dep>ture f ,t\lon4 ,x 0 "t t x %\ld2 & ?is appe>$ to be well und]/ood4 ,!re 0 great irresolution 9 com+ to a decision4 ,x 0 no less promptly c>ri$ into effect4 ,! ,fr5* army disemb>k$ at ,civita ,vec*ia on ! #bi? ,octob]1 "u ! comm& ( ,g5]al de ,failly4 ,?ree days e>li]1 #bf? ,octob]1 ! small t[n ( ,monte ,rotondo1 five leagues f ,rome1 0 attack$ by ,g>ibaldi 9 p]son1 att5d$ by a b& ( five ?\s& f\r hundr$ fight+ m54 ,its g>rison consi/$ ( five hundr$ m5 ( ! legion ( ,antibes4 ,^! few brave soldi]s held _! gr\nd = two days & repell$ five attacks4 ,!y 7 compell$ at la/ to yield1 hav+ exhau/$ all _! munitions ( w>4 ,!y retir$1 b left ,g>ibaldi s mu* weak5$ & disorganiz$ by 8 +lori\s victory t he 0 unable = sev]al days to advance4 ,?us1 = ! mom5t1 did ! legion ( ,antibes save ,rome4 7,m#aaj7 ,monte ,rotondo1 x is almo/ sup]flu\s to relate1 exp]i5c$ ! fate ( ,bagnorea4 ,no?+ comp>able 9 po9t ( atrocity _h occurr$ s9ce ! invasion ( ,italy by ! b>b>ians4 ,9 ju/ice to ,g>ibaldi1 x mu/ be said t he rebuk$ publicly by an ord] ( ! day1 dat$ #bh? ,octob]1 ! 8%ameful excess0 ( 8 fell[-adv5tur]s1 & proce$$ to expurgate _! ranks4 ,b he c\ld n h9d] !m f be+ :at !y 71 a mob ( miscreants t ! secret societies ( ! :ole _w _h dis*>g$ on ! ,pontifical ,/ate4 ,he 0 n less a/oni%$ to meet ) s poor a welcome on ! "p ( ! p :om x 0 suppos$ he came to deliv]4 ,8 *ief lieut5ant1 ,b]tani1 be>s witness to ?is /ate ( ?+s1 9 ! ,ri=ma ( #ah? ,novemb]1 #ahfg3 8,x mu/ be admitt$10 said ?is writ]1 8t ! p ( ! ,roman ,/ates h no idea ( an ,italy "o & free4 ,we h n be5 greet$ or enc\rag$ by a s+le cry ( rejoic+2 nor h we obta9$ ei!r any spontane\s assi/ance1 or ev5 a ^w ( consolation1 f ^! brutifi$ p40 ,g5]al ,kanzl]1 ! pro-,m9i/] ( ,w>1 well und]/ood t x 0 impossible to def5d = any l5g? ( "t ! fronti] aga9/ b&s t 7 con/antly recruit$4 ,accord+ly1 he ord]$ all ! isolat$ g>risons to conc5trate at ,rome4 ,x 0 m important ?an any?+ else to pres]ve ! ,papal city f be+ surpris$ by ! invad]s4 ,g>ibaldi1 :5 re-in=c$1 m>*$ 9 advance ( ,monte ,rotondo4 ,ciald9i foll[$ him at "s di/ance1 b )\t d>+ z yet op5ly to jo9 ! b&itti4 ,! ,fr5*1 h[ev]1 7 en r\te4 ,kanzl] took 8 dep>ture f ,rome on #crd ,novemb]1 at two o'clock 9 ! morn+1 foll[$ by #c1jjj ,pontifical troops & #b1jjj ,fr5* soldi]s4 8,come10 said he1 to ,m4 ,emilius ,kell]1 ,dr4 ,o',zannam1 & "s o!rs :o _h j arriv$ f ,p>is1 9 ord] to organize ! ambulance s]vice ( ! ,pontifical army1 8come1 & y w see a f9e battle40 ,! small army met ! enemy at "o o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 at a %ort di/ance f ! t[n ( ,m5tana1 ! anci5t ,nom5tum f :i* ! ,nom5tan way 7via ,nom5tana7 took its "n4 ,g>ibaldi's comm& 0 f #aj1jjj to #ab1jjj /rong4 ,he plac$ 8 m5 9 ambuscade1 p>tly on small hills t 7 cov]$ ) wood1 & p>tly scatt]$ !m1 z fusile]s1 along ! h$ges4 ,8 left w+ 0 comm&$ by ,pianciani1 :o1 "s "t lat]1 0 ,mayor ( ,rome4 ,kanzl]'s =ce comm5c$ fir+4 ,b :at c\ld x avail aga9/ an enemy t 0 invisible & 9 sup]ior numb]s8 ,a vet]an ( ,ca/elfid>do1 ,lieut5ant-,colonel de ,*>ette1 ! same :o 0 de/9$ aft]w>ds to immortalize himself at ,patay & at ,mans1 und]/ood t no?+ 0 to be ga9$ by a fusillade4 8,=w>d10 he cri$1 8my ,z\aves6 *>ge ) ! bayonet2 &1 rememb]1 ! ,fr5* army is look+ on40 ,! ,z\aves reply3 8,live ,pius ,,ix60 & spr+ =w>d ) _! lead]4 ,! ,g>ibaldians are dislodg$ f ! fir/ hill--f ! o!r hills1 & w\ld h be5 utt]ly r\t$ b = ! =midable intr5*m5ts pres5t$ by ! ,santucci v9ey>d1 :i* 0 laid out 9 g>d5s ris+ 9 /oreys1 "o above ! o!r1 & int]sect$ by walls4 ,g>ibaldi 0 po/$ on ! summit1 9 a villa1 :5ce he direct$ 8 fire )\t be+ expos$ to p]sonal dang]4 ,8 position 01 inde$1 /rong4 ,*>ette's troop 0 obs]v$ to wav]4 8,=w>d1 ,z\aves60 cri$ _! lead]1 8or ,i %all die )\t y60 ,z he spoke1 8 horse 0 /ruck by a ball & fell dead4 ,mean:ile1 ! ,z\aves scal$ ! walls & ! rav9es1 )\t he$+ ^? :o fell4 ,g>ibaldi 0 disconc]t$ by ?is liv+ tornado4 ,he fell back f 8 villa to ! h\ses1 & !nce to ! ,ca/le ( ,m5tana4 ,! ,z\aves foll[$ 9 ! face ( a murd]\s fire1 dis*>g$ f ! walls ( ! ca/le2 b !y always advanc$1 & f9ally1 repell$1 by a bayonet *>ge1 a r5ew$ & g5]al attack ( ! enemy4 ,su* ef=ts1 h[ev]1 c\ld n h be5 su/a9$ = any l5g? ( "t unaid$1 & brav]y mu/1 9 ! end1 h giv5 way to numb]s4 ,g5]al de ,c\rt51 :o direct$ ?is attack1 s5t to ask assi/ance f ,g5]al ,polhes1 :o comm&$ ! army ( ,france4 ,! ,fr5* soldi]s _h be51 hi!rto1 inactive1 al?\gh by no means unhe$+ spectators ( ! combat4 8,bravo6 ,z\aves1 bravo60 cri$ !y1 eag]ly desir+ to %>e 9 ! fight4 ,at a sign f _! *ief1 !y sprang =w>d 9 _! turn4 ,at _! head 0 ,colonel ,saussi]1 ( ! #bj? regim5t ( ! l9e1 :o 0 aft]w>ds g5]al & memb] ( ! ,national ,assembly at ,v]sailles4 ,! sudd5 & hi!rto unkn[n fire ( ! *assepots c>ri$ dea? & t]ror )9 ! prec9cts ( ! ca/le4 ,mean:ile1 a deta*m5t ( ,z\aves manag$ to place !mselves betwe5 ,m5tana & ,monte ,rotondo1 & s int]cept$ ! re9=cem5ts :i* 7 ha/5+ f ! latt] place to jo9 ! ,g>ibaldians4 ,at sight ( ?is a*ievem5t1 ! b&s1 already mu* demoraliz$1 7 ?r[n into confusion4 ,night came1 &1 favor+ _! flight1 *ang$ x to a r\t4 ,g>ibaldi himself1 :o _h s (t5 %\t$1 8,rome or dea?0--/ole away1 "u cov] ( ! d>kness1 l ! meane/ ( ! fugitives4 ,8 sons did 9 l mann]4 ,x 0 expect$ t !y w\ld r5ew ! battle next day1 z ,monte ,rotondo1 :i* !y /ill held1 pres5t$ a conv5i5t position = rally+4 ,!y did no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,on ! v night :i* foll[$ ! engagem5t ,g>ibaldi & 8 sons recross$ ! ,italian fronti]4 8,he always runs away0 7si salva sempre71 said 8 foll[]s1 9 ! bitt]ness ( _! disappo9tm5t1 :5 s %amefully betray$ & ab&on$4 ,! ,fr5* soldi]s1 on ! o!r h&1 always incl9$ to raill]y & punn+1 baptiz$ ! action ( ! prec$+ day1 call+ x ! battle ( ,montre ton dos4 ,! ,g>ibaldians1 :o held ! ca/le1 z well z ! re/ ( ! b&itti :o c\ld n get away 9 "t1 surr5d]$1 unconditionally1 to ,g5]al ,polhes4 ,!re 0 b little blood%$ on ! side ( ! victors1 ?anks to ! rapidity ) :i* ! victory 0 won4 ,! losses ( ! ,fr5* troops 7 n m ?an two kill$1 two (fic]s & ?irty-six privates w\nd$4 ,( ! ,pontifical =ce !re 7 tw5ty kill$ & "o hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree w\nd$4 ,sev]al ( ^! di$ ( _! w\nds4 7,m#aaa7 ,among ^? noble victims :o claim ! gratitude ( ! ,ca?olic _w1 7 names already de> to ! *ur*--su* z ,b]n>d de ,quatre-b>be1 a nephew ( ! def5d] ( ,ancona2 ,rodolph de ,mai/re1 gr&son ( ! immortal au?or ( 8,! ,pope20 & ,john de ,mull]1 son ( ! celebrat$ ,g]man controv]siali/4 ,z if no?+ t is glori\s %\ld be want+ to ! field ( ,m5tana1 x _h also its m>tyrs ( *>ity4 ,! ,si/]s ( ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul w5t & came among ! w\nd$ & ! dy+1 giv+ _! aid alike to all1 no matt] :at _! uni=m4 ,!re 0 ne$ ( wat]4 ,a ,pontifical ,z\ave1 ,julius ,watts ,russell1 ran to f9d "s = a ,g>ibaldian :o 0 at ! po9t ( dea?4 ,z he 0 g5tly rais+ ! head ( ! moribund1 9 ord] t he might dr9k1 he 0 himself /ruck ) a ball & fell dead on ! body ( him :om he _h endeavor$ to succ\r4 ,on 8 p]son 0 f\nd a small note1 9 :i* he ?us exhort$ himself3 8,my s\l1 ,o1 my s\l6 love ,god & pursue ?y way40 ,:at ,*ri/ian w\ld n be envi\s ( a l dea?--a dea? :i* nobly cr[n$ su* a life z ^! few words necess>ily suppose8 7,m#aab7 ,! vanqui%$ _h be5 fanaticis$ by ! secret societies z well z by ,g>ibaldi himself1 t infuriat$ en?usia/1 :o c\ld n write f\r l9es nor utt] f\r words )\t en%r9+ !re9 ! treasons ( ! black race1 t pruri5t sore ( ,italy2 or ! v5om ( ! ,vatican1 t ne/ ( vip]s2 or ! lies ( ,pius ,,ix41 t pe/1 t mon/]1 twice accurs$1 z prie/ & z k+4 ,s :5 ^! p 7 made prison]s1 !y expect$ no?+ bett] ?an ! h>de/ treatm5t & ! mo/ t]rible v5geance4 ,h[ surpris$ mu/ !y n !n h be5 to f9d t _! w\nd$ 7 att5d$ to on ! field ( battle1 & ! same c>e & att5tion ext5d$ to !m z to ! w\nd$ ( ! ,pontifical =ce1 :il/ ^? :o 7 s\nd met ) no o!r puni%m5t ?an to be well gu>d$ at fir/1 & aft]w>ds releas$ by degrees1 z x became c]ta9 t ,g>ibaldi w\ld be 9 no hurry to r5ew 8 game4 ,f9ally1 a complete amne/y 0 grant$4 ,?is extreme clem5cy ( a legitimate gov]nm5t t[>ds an invad+ b&itti pres5t$ a noble & happy contra/ ) ! implacable rev5ge ( ! usurp+ ,k+ ( ,pi$mont4 ,victor ,emmanuel1 9 fact1 _h no hesitation 9 putt+ to dea? ! ,spani% g5]al ,borges & 8 ,neapolitan comrades1 :o 7 arre/$ :il/ be>+ arms 9 an endeavor to deliv] ! k+dom ( ,naples1 & re/ore its =m] k+1 ,francis ,,ii4 7,m#aac7 ,two m5 only 7 except$ f ! ,pontifical amne/y4 ,^! 7 ! au?ors ( t atroci\s act1 ! bl[+ up ( ! ,sorri/ori b>racks4 ,_! crime1 inde$1 c\ld n be consid]$ z any?+ connect$ ) ! w>1 b simply z c[>dly assass9ation4 ,^? two wret*es1 ,monti & ,tognetti1 und]w5t a regul> trial1 :i* la/$ m ?an a ye>1 & at :i* all ! =ms requir$ by law 7 /rictly obs]v$4 ,!y 7 convict$1 & end$ by ackn[l$g+ ev]y?+4 ,!y suff]$ capital puni%m5t1 &1 at _! execution1 begg$ p>don ( ,god & m54 ,! day aft] ?is execution--com+ g5]ations w sc>cely believe s /range a fact--! ,*amb] ( ,deputies at ,flor5ce solemnly prote/$ aga9/ x1 z did also ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,! secret societies op5$ a subscription li/ = ! wid[s ( ! execut$ crim9als4 ,victor ,emmanuel took "p 9 x4 ,& ?us did a k+ honor p>ties :o commit murd] by gunp[d] plots4 ,true1 ?is k+ 0 ! same pr9ce :o1 9 pursuance ( a decree issu$ by ,g>ibaldi1 at ,naples1 9 #ahfa1 p5sion$ ! wid[ ( ! regicide1 ,agesilas ,milano4 7,m#aad7 ,pius ,,ix4 ent]ta9$ q a diff]5t idea ( ! duties ( royalty4 ,he 0 p]suad$ t an example %\ld be made ( ! f\l crime ( ,monti & ,tognetti1 & s c\ld n be mov$4 8,a k+10 said he1 8owes ju/ice to all alike1 c]ta9ly n except+ hone/ p3 & h5ce assass9s mu/ n be all[$ to c\nt on impunity40 ,he w5t k9dly to visit ! w\nd$ ,g>ibaldians1 8^? un=tunate p1 a great _m ( :om 7 only misl$1 & :o1 nev]!less1 7 8 *ildr540 ,two hundr$ ( !m _h be5 convey$ to a l[] room 9 ! ,ca/le ( ,/4 ,angelo4 ,he visit$ !m q alone1 & ?us address$ !m3 8,"h ,i am1 my fri5ds2 y see be=e y him :om y\r g5]al calls ! ,vampire ( ,italy2 y all took up arms aga9/ me1 & y see t ,i am only a poor old man6 ,y are 9 ne$ ( %oes1 clo!s & l954 ,well1 ! ,pope on :om y made w> w cause y to be suppli$ ) all ^! ?+s4 ,he w !n s5d y back to y\r families2 only be=e y\r dep>ture1 y w1 f love to me1 make a spiritual retreat40 ,! un=tunate rebels c\ld n believe _! eyes or _! e>s4 ,"s turn$ away f him 9 sull5 wra?1 l demons :o w n give up hat+4 ,o!rs1 9 great] numb]s1 seiz$ hold ( ! pat]nal h& :i* 0 rais$ ov] !m to bless !m1 & ba!d x ) _! te>s4 ,! good ,pope1 m>vell$ at ! designs ( ,god1 :o br+s good out ( evil4 8,o felix culpa0 78,o happy fault6071 said he1 allud+ to ! pray]s ( ,holy ,saturday1 8if ^! *ildr5 _h n borne arms aga9/ me1 !y w\ld n1 p]haps1 h di$ s pi\sly40 ,x 0 "s "t be=e ! details ( ,m5tana 7 kn[n 9 ,france4 ,! gov]nm5t1 x w\ld appe>1 fe>$ to ackn[l$ge t ! ,fr5* soldi]s took "p 9 ! engagem5t4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! g5]al's report put an end to all d\bt on ! subject1 !re 7 no b\nds to ! rage ( ! revolution>y p>ty4 ,! revolution1 hi!rto1 _h us$ ,l\is ,napoleon z a facile & valuable in/rum5t4 ,x c\ld n p>don him ,m5tana4 ,b ,france 0 n all revolution>y4 ,! mass ( ! nation1 hone/ & loyal1 %>$ n ! ideas ( ! secret societies4 ,f> f regrett+ :at _h tak5 place1 ! ,fr5* p dread$ le/ !re %\ld n h be5 en\gh done4 ,ciald9i1 inde$1 _h be5 able to )draw 8 troops1 n ) honor b )\t mole/ation1 )9 ! ,italian fronti]1 :il/ no acc\nt 0 requir$ ( 8 violation ( ! ,septemb] conv5tion4 ,! m9i/]s cont9u$ to discuss ,italian unity z freely z !y _h be5 9 ! habit ( do+ = eight ye>s1 & ! (fici\s demagogue pap]s :i* 7 devot$ to ,pr9ce ,napoleon began to dem& ! spe$y return ( ! ,fr5* troops f ,rome1 & t by virtue ( ! fam\s conv5tion :i*1 accord+ to ^! politicians1 0 b9d+ on ,france1 b n on ,italy4 ,! legislative body 0 mov$4 ,n only ! deputies :o 7 decl>$ ,ca?olics1 & :o always divid$ aga9/ ! gov]nm5t on ! ,roman "q1 b a great numb] ( ^? also :o _h nev] until t "t %[n any indocility at ! mom5t ( vot+1 resolv$ to =ce ! gov]nm5t to make a cle> & public decl>ation ( its int5tions4 ,! debate 0 op5$ by ,m4 ,?i]s 9 an eloqu5t spee* at ! sitt+ ( #d? ,decemb]4 ,he prov$1 & ! pro( 0 n difficult1 t no reliance c\ld be plac$ on ! ^w ( ,victor ,emmanual or ,italian promises4 8,! ,h\se ( ,savoy10 said he1 8goes to a falcon hunt ) ,g>ibaldi4 ,if ! latt] fails he is tak5 to ,capr]a4 ,if he succe$s1 & takes a k+dom1 !y say to him1 y are ! revolution3 y\r prey does n belong to y2 x is ours1 :o are ord] & legality40 ,jules ,favre1 a b>ri/]1 %amelessly spoke 9 a contr>y s5se1 & endeavor$ to ju/ify ,italy4 ,8 sophi/ry met ) no response4 ,! m9i/]1 ,m4 ,r\h]1 c\ld n retreat4 ,he made a long spee*1 9 :i* he def5d$ ! policy ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 aga9/ ! two =m] speak]s1 & involv$ himself once m 9 ! inconceivable idea ( nei!r sacrific+ ,italian unity to ! ,pope's temporal sov]eignty nor t sov]eignty to ,italian unity4 7,on ! "o h&1 ,m4 ,jules ,favre object$ t ,italy1 & *iefly among/ o!rs1 ,m5abrea1 ! actual head ( ! ,flor5ce ,cab9et1 ^: wisdom & mod]ation _h j be5 prais$ by ! ,fr5* m9i/]1 ceas$ n to decl>e t ! possession ( ,rome 0 indisp5sable47 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re 7 l\d murmurs :i* prote/$ aga9/ ! iniquit\s equality :i* 0 s\ght to be e/abli%$ betwe5 ! victim & 8 execution]4 ,m4 ,r\h] p]ceiv$ t ! majority :i* ! ,imp]ial gov]nm5t _h comm&$ = sixte5 ye>s1 0 on ! po9t ( slipp+ f him2 s1 turn+ to ,jules ,favre1 he decl>$ 8t he 0 n agre$ ) him on any po9t--t he absolutely reject$ 8 policy40 ,!n1 address+ ! ,cons]vatives1 he affirm$ t !y w\ld def5d ,rome s long z ! desir$ reconciliation did n take place--t ,france w\ld nev]1 nev] ab&on ,rome4 ,he conclud$ by conjur+ ! deputies to cl+ to ! gov]nm5t :i* gave ! battle ( ,m5tana z a pl$ge ( its s9c]ity4 ,?is decl>ation 0 greet$ ) prolong$ applause1 & x c\ld no long] be d\bt$ t ! vote w\ld be almo/ unanim\s4 ,! deputies1 h[ev]1 det]m9$ t ! head ( _! *ur* %\ld n be imp]fectly protect$1 requir$ ( ! m9i/] a di/9ct explanation ( :at he meant by def5d+ ,rome4 ,!y 7 resolv$ t ! gov]nm5t %\ld n h ! p[] to give up to ,italy ! t]ritory ar\nd ! city :i* ! ,pope /ill possess$1 & leave to him only ! walls ( ,rome4 ,?is position 0 ma9ta9$ by ! vet]an orator ( ,fr5* p>liam5ts1 ,m4 ,b]ry]4 ,a great numb] ( deputies came to 8 support1 s necess>y 0 x und]/ood to be to gu>d aga9/ all subt]fuge 9 transact+ ) ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,m4 ,r\h] 0 con/ra9$ to reasc5d ! tribune4 ,he did s1 he said1 m fully to express 8 idea1 & decl>$1 :il/ ! ,*amb] l\dly applaud$1 t ! ,emp]or gu>ante$ n only ! city ( ,rome1 b also ! t]ritory actually possess$ by ! ,holy ,see1 9 all its integrity4 ,su* 0 ! memorable sitt+ ( #d? ,decemb]1 #ahfg1 at :i* ! w ( ,france 0 =c$ on its despotic rul]4 ,b bo? = him & ! c\ntry1 ,fr5* writ]s assure u1 x 0 too late4 ,if ! repres5tatives ( ! nation1 !y say1 _h %[n f ! beg9n+ ! same decision2 if ! empire _h always spok5 z on ! #d? ,decemb]1 #ahfg2 if1 above all1 x _h act$ con=mably to its words1 x w\ld ei!r n h fall5 or fall5 ) honor4 ,b nev] w\ld we h se5 ei!r ,italian unity or ,g]man unity1 & ! black flag ( ,prussia w\ld n wave to-day ov] ,metz1 ,malh\se & ,/rasb\rg4 ,pi$mont hav+ )drawn its ?reat5+ =ce on ! approa* ( ! ,fr5* troops1 ! ,holy ,see _h no?+ to dread1 = "s "t at lea/1 f =eign invasion4 ,x rema9$ only to provide aga9/ ! attacks ( b&itti su* z _h be5 j defeat$ at ,m5tana4 ,9 ?is important matt] ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 n left to 8 own res\rces4 ,! :ole ,*ri/ian _w 0 9 sympa?y ) him1 & anxi\s = 8 safety4 ,volunte]s f all ,ca?olic c\ntries ha/5$ to ,rome4 ,ev5 remote ,canada1 s e>ly z #ahfh1 _h s5t h] ?ree hundr$4 ,& ^! m]c5>ies1 z ! enemy call$ !m1 s]v$ at _! own exp5se4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ,hung>y furni%$ ?ree squadrons ( ,huss>s1 :o 7 all m\nt$1 equipp$1 & 9 e way suppli$ by ,hung>ian subscriptions4 ,! bi%ops & nobility ( ,galicia s5t lanc]s4 ,france1 ,belgium & ,ca?olic ,g]many1 emulat$ "o ano!r 9 _! ef=ts to ma9ta9 ! ,pontifical =ce4 ,!re 0 no?+ w>like 9 ?us provid+ aga9/ possible dang]4 ,s long z ,france held ,pi$mont b\nd to treaty /ipulations1 any army 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,pope c\ld only be employ$ z a police =ce 9 ma9ta9+ int]nal peace1 or 9 repell+ su* attempts z _h rec5tly be5 made by ! irregul> b&s ( ,g>ibaldi aga9/ ! ,pontifical ,/ates4 ,mean:ile1 ! arts ( peace 7 n neglect$4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 z might be suppos$1 :5 fre$ f ! fe> ( invasion & expulsion f 8 /ate1 appli$ ) r5ew$ zeal to ! duties ( 8 sublime (fice4 ,nor to ^! alone did he conf9e ! ex]cise ( 8 well-direct$ *>ity4 ,! agricultural s*ool = *ildr5 rema9s a la/+ & solid pro( ( 8 enlight5$ b5evol5ce4 ,?is e/abli%m5t is call$1 9 honor ( its augu/ f\nd]1 ! ,pio ,vigne>d 7,pia ,vigna74 ,x is provid$ ) all ! mo/ improv$ implem5ts1 & is confid$ to ! c>e ( ! ,belgian ,bro!rs ( ,m]cy4 ,x is :olly ma9ta9$ by ! private funds ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,x may be se5 on an em95ce to ! left ( ! railway z y approa* ! city ( ,rome4 ,,anniv]s>y ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,fa!r',s ,,ord9ation4 ,! anniv]s>y ( ! elevation ( ,pius ,,ix4 to ! ,*ri/ian prie/hood happily occurr$ dur+ ?is int]val ( peace4 ,!re 0 b "o feel+ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w4 ,! w>me/ expressions ( love & devot$ness proce$$ f e l&4 ,all ! sov]eigns ( ,europe convey$ by autograph lett]s _! dutiful congratulations1 :il/ ! joy ( ! p ev]y:]e knew no b\nds4 ,at ,rome ! fea/ ( ! gold5 w$d+ ( ,pius ,,ix4 la/$ ?ree days4 ,ev]y:]e else1 z x fell on ! ,sunday ( ! ,good ,%eph]d1 x 0 celebrat$ 9 ! *ur*es1 & (t5 9 public places or on ! m\nta9s by illum9ations or bonfires4 ,"u ! "n ( h&sel to ,pius ,,ix41 ! ,ca?olic press op5$ subscription li/s4 ,not)/&+ ! regul> paym5t ( ,pet]'s p5ce1 ! public g5]osity 0 n exhau/$4 ,"o j\rnal might be quot$1 :i* alone collect$ m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& francs4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cologne1 ,monsigneur ,mel*]s1 obs]v$1 9 a pa/oral in/ruction :i* he issu$ on ! occasion1 t nev] be=e _h a ,pope be5 9 su* intimate & univ]sal relation ) ! he>t ( humanity4 ,& inde$ x 0 m consol+ to ! ,supreme ,pa/or ?an all o!r demon/rations to reflect t s _m millions on millions ( fai?ful unit$ ) him 9 pray] at ! ,mass ( ! #aa? ( ,april1 all on ! occasion p>ticipat+ 9 ! ,holy ,communion4 ,he felt t ! :ole univ]se pray$ ) him & = him4 8,o ,god60 he exclaim$1 9 pres5ce ( "s pilgrims :o _h come to congratulate him 9 p]son1 8,o ,god6 h m]cy on me6 ,?is is too mu* happ9ess6 ,i dread :51 ere long1 ,i %all appe> be=e ,?y judgm5t-seat1 le/ ,?\ say to me3 ,?\ ha/ _h ?y rew>d on e>?6 ,n to me1 b to ,!e1 ,o ,"l6 belonge? ! love ( ,*ri/ians40 ,he fully appreciat$ ! num]\s (f]+s & congratulations ( ! ,ca?olic _w4 ,8 s]vants conceiv$ ! happy idea ( plac+ 9 symmetrical ord] ?r\gh\t ! ap>tm5ts ( ! ,vatican ! ri* & num]\s gifts :i* 7 pres5t$ to him on ! occasion ( 8 jubilee4 ,behold+ !m1 he exclaim$3 8,i also h my univ]sal exposition6 ,x is ! fruit n ( my indu/ry b ( ! love ( my *ildr540 ,!n1 z he turn$ ov] ! leaves ( ! gigantic manuscripts :i* 7 cov]$ ) addresses ( devot$ness1 he add$3 8,?is is ! true expression ( ! univ]sal ,ca?olic suffrage40 ,?is auspici\s "t ( peace & rejoic+ 0 n )\t its sorr[s4 ,among ^! 7 ! fe>ful massacres ( ,*ri/ians 9 ,*9a4 ,nor 7 ^! ! wor/1 = !y c>ri$ ) !m _! consolation4 ,if ! ,*ur* 0 cruelly p]secut$ 9 ,*9a1 %e won new glory 9 add+ m>tyrs to ! ,triumphant army 9 heav54 ,! _m sc&als t occurr$ ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom 7 m truly afflict+4 ,above all1 7 truly try+ to ! pat]nal he>t ( ! ,holy ,fa!r ^? :i* happ5$ among ! ,ca?olic p1 :o protect$ him 9 ! possession ( :at rema9$ ( 8 dilapidat$ patrimony4 ,a c\rt & a political sy/em :i* 7 de/9$ soon to disappe> 7 labor+ to put an end to ,*ri/ian education4 ,! pr9ce1 c\s9 ( ! ,emp]or1 ,napoleon ,,iii41 & ! ,s5ator & ,academician1 ,sa9te ,beuve1 held hea!ni% orgies 9 ! ,l5t5 season1 ev5 on ,good ,friday4 ,to cr[n ! li/ ( evil1 apo/acy 0 n want+4 ,x 0 ( little consequ5ce t "o :o fell away1 al?\gh a vehem5t declaim]1 0 a %all[ !ologian2 8 loss 01 nev]!less1 to be deplor$4 ,! progress ( a l[ sect 9 ,belgium call$ ,solidaires1 ! success ( a new revolution 9 ,spa91 "u favor ( :i* ! memb]s ( religi\s communities1 bo? ( m5 & ( wom51 7 driv5 f _! homes 9 ! "n ( lib]ty1 toge!r ) ! op5+ ( revolution>y clubs 9 ,p>is1 caus$ ,pius ,,ix4 to dread cata/rophes 9 ! ne> future4 ,sev]e dome/ic affliction came ?is ye> 7#ahfi7 to aggravate ! sorr[s ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,8 bro!r1 ,c\nt ,gabriel ,ma/ai1 met ) an accid5t :i*1 at 8 advanc$ age1 n9ety1 prov$ to be s]i\s4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 imm$iately trav]s+ ,rome1 asc5d$ on 8 knees ! scala sancta4 ,a few days lat] ! dea? ( ! pati5t 0 intimat$ to him4 ,he %ut himself up sev]al h\rs 9 8 private ap>tm5t1 9 ord] t none might witness ! te>s :i* grief made him %$4 ,f9ally1 he repair$ to ! ,vatican ,basilica1 :]e he pray$ = a long "t1 bo? be=e ! ,holy ,sacram5t & at ! tomb ( ! apo/les4 ,,an ,,ex]cise ,,( ,,sov]eignty4 ,^? /ates :i* =m$ ! monet>y division ( ,we/]n ,europe--,france1 ,belgium1 ,switz]l& & ! ,holy ,see1 agre$ at ?is "t to ref\nd _! silv] co9age4 ,a model 0 *os51 :i* ,greece1 ,portugal1 ,r\mania & "s o!r c\ntries adopt$ 9 _! turn1 & x 0 und]/ood t ! new co9age = ea* /ate %\ld be 9 proportion to its population4 ,h5ce x behoov$ ! ,pontifical ,/ate to issue =ty millions ( livres or !reby1 = a population numb]+ f ?ree to f\r millions ( s\ls1 includ+ ,romagna & ,umbria1 :i* ! ,pope /ill claim$4 ,! ,flor5ce gov]nm5t remon/rat$ aga9/ ! issue ( =ty million livres1 on ! gr\nd t ! ,pontiff c\ld n n[ actually c\nt m ?an f #fjj1jjj to #gjj1jjj subjects4 ,napoleon ,,iii41 always incl9$ to gratify ! revolution1 summon$ ,pius ,,ix4 to susp5d ! issue ( 8 exagg]at$ co9age1 ?ree-f\r?s ( :i*1 x 0 insi/$1 %\ld be ca/ anew ) ! effigy ( ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,?is int]f]5ce ( ,napoleon 0 consid]$ inopportune & unacceptable1 ! op]ation ( co9+ be+ almo/ complet$4 ,c>d9al ,antonelli ma9ta9$ ! "r ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,! ,fr5* & ,italian gov]nm5ts agre$ to exclude f _! circulation1 & consequ5tly f t ( ! :ole monet>y union1 all silv] co9s :i* bore ! meek & noble lik5ess ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,?is !y did )\t (f]+ to ! public any explanation4 ,! revolution>y p>ty1 h[ev]1 7 too hone/ n to supply ?is want4 ,!y at once gave circulation to ! rumor t ! co9age ( ! ,pope 0 ( inf]ior quality4 ,he 0 po9t$ out z a money-c\nt]feit] by ! ?\s& organs ( ! infidel press4 ,! p1 grossly deceiv$1 repell$ ) indignation1 z if x 7 t ( a robb]1 ! lik5ess ( ! repres5tative ( ju/ice on e>?4 ,! ,ca?olics1 mean:ile1 obs]v$ ) pa9 t :ile ?is /orm ( calumny 0 rag+1 "o ( _! own numb]1 once a *ampion ( ! temporal p[]1 held 9 ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t ! portfolio ( f9ance4 ,! ,pontifical treasury subject$ itself to consid]able sacrifices1 9 ord] to dim9i% ! losses & sil5ce ! recrim9ations ( ^? :o 7 compell$ to /op its money1 :i* c\ld no long] be circulat$4 ,*emi/s1 9 ! int]e/ ( tru?1 analyz$ ! depreciat$ metal1 & decl>$ t x 0 exactly ( ! same value z ! co9age ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,b nei!r ! (fici\s nor ! (ficial press took ! pa9s to publi% ?is fact1 & ! calumny rema9$4 ,! "t 0 ev5 !n at h&1 z ,fr5* writ]s obs]ve ) pa91 :5 ,france1 9 h] d[nfall5 & exhau/$ condition1 w\ld h be5 glad to possess ?is ,pontifical money & disp5se ) wor?less pap]4 ,,! ,,vatican ,,c\ncil--,,purpose ,,( ,,! ,,pope ,,9 ,,conv5+ ,a ,,g5]al ,,c\ncil4 ,?is "t ( sorr[1 m\rn+ & difficulty 0 succe$$ by a p]iod ( unwont$ activity4 ,x 0 deem$ exp$i5t to convoke an cum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,?is important measure 0 ?\ght ( on occasion ( ! c5t5>y celebration ( ! m>tyrdom ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul4 ,aft] two ye>s ( s]i\s & mature delib]ation & consultation1 ,pius ,,ix4 issu$ apo/olical lett]s1 conv5+ a c\ncil ( ! :ole *ur* at ! ,vatican ,basilica4 ,! #h? ( ,decemb]1 #ahfi1 0 appo9t$ z ! day = its fir/ assembl+4 ,! objects 9 view _c be bett] describ$ ?an 9 ! words ( ! v5]able ,pontiff4 ,aft] a few prelim9>y p>agraphs 9 8 ,bull ( ,indiction1 ! ,holy ,fa!r ?us proce$s3 8,! ,roman ,pontiffs1 9 ! dis*>ge ( ! (fice div9ely confid$ to !m 9 ! p]son ( ,pet] ( fe$+ ! entire flock ( ,*ri/1 h unwe>i$ly tak5 on !mselves ! mo/ ardu\s labors1 & us$ e possible means 9 ord] to h ! v>i\s nations & races all ov] ! e>? br\ght to ! light ( ! ,gospel1 & by tru? & hol9ess to et]nal life4 ,all m5 "k ! zeal & unceas+ vigilance ) :i* ^! same ,roman ,pontiffs h kept inviolate ! deposit ( fai?1 discipl9e among ! cl]gy1 purity & sci5ce 9 ! education giv5 to ! memb]s ( ! *ur*1 ! hol9ess & dignity ( ,*ri/ian m>riage3 h[ !y /udi$ day by day to promote ! ,*ri/ian education ( ! y\? ( bo? sexes1 to fo/] among all classes ! love ( religion1 ! practice ( piety & purity ( morals z well z ev]y?+ t might conduce to ! tranquillity1 ! good ord] & ! prosp]ity ( civil society4 ,:5ev] great tr\bles arose1 or s]i\s calamities ?reat5$ ei!r ! *ur* or social ord]1 ! ,roman ,pontiffs judg$ x opportune to convoke g5]al c\ncils1 9 ord] t ) ! advice & assi/ance ( ! bi%ops ( ! ,ca?olic _w1 :om ! ,holy ,gho/ ha? e/abli%$ to rule ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 !y might1 9 _! unit$ wisdom & =e?\ght1 s dispose ev]y?+ z to def9e ! doctr9es ( fai?1 to secure ! de/ruction ( ! mo/ preval5t errors1 def5d1 illu/rate & develop ,ca?olic tea*+1 re/ore & promote ecclesia/ical discipl9e & ! re=mation ( morals4 8,no "o at ! pres5t "t c be ignorant h[ t]rible is ! /orm by :i* ! *ur* is assail$1 & :at an accumulation ( evils afflicts civil society4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 h] mo/ salut>y doctr9es1 h] mo/ rev]$ p[]1 ! supreme au?ority ( ?is ,holy ,see1 are all assail$ & trampl$ on by ! bitt] enemies ( ,god & man4 ,all t is mo/ sacr$ is held up to contempt2 ecclesia/ical prop]ty is made ! prey ( ! spoil]2 ! mo/ v5]able m9i/]s ( ! sacram5ts1 m5 mo/ em95t = _! ,ca?olic "*1 are h>ass$ by unhe>d ( annoyances4 ,! religi\s ord]s are suppress$1 impi\s books ( e k9d & pe/il5tial publications are dissem9at$1 wick$ & p]nici\s societies are ev]y:]e & "u e =m multipli$4 ,! education ( y\? is1 9 almo/ all c\ntries1 )drawn f ! cl]gy1 &1 :at is f> worse1 intru/$ 9 _m places to tea*]s ( error & evil4 8,9 consequ5ce ( all ^! facts1 to our great grief & t ( all good m51 & to ! irrep>able ru9 ( s\ls1 impiety1 corruption ( morals1 unbridl$ lic5ti\sness1 ! contagion ( deprav$ op9ions1 & ( e species ( pe/il5tial vice & crime1 ! violation ( all laws1 human & div9e1 prevail ev]y:]e to su* an ext5t1 t n only religion b human society itself is ?r[n into ! mo/ deplorable disord] & confusion4 8,:]e=e1 foll[+ 9 ! foot/eps ( our illu/ri\s pr$ecessors1 we h deem$ x opportune to call toge!r a ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 z we _h long desir$ to d4 8,?is cum5ical ,c\ncil w h to exam9e mo/ dilig5tly1 & to det]m9e :at x is mo/ seasonable to d1 9 ^! calamit\s times1 = ! greate/ glory ( ,god1 ! integrity ( fai?1 ! spl5dor ( ,div9e wor%ip1 ! et]nal salvation ( m51 ! discipl9e ( ! regul> & secul> cl]gy1 & _! s\nd & solid education1 ! obs]vance ( ecclesia/ical laws1 ! re=mation ( morals1 ! ,*ri/ian education ( y\?1 ! common peace & univ]sal concord4 ,) ! ,div9e assi/ance1 our labors mu/ also be direct$ t[>ds rem$y+ ! peculi> evils :i* afflict *ur* & /ate2 t[>ds br++ back into ! "r road ^? :o h /ray$ away f tru? & righte\sness2 t[>ds repress+ vice & error1 9 ord] t our holy religion & h] sav+ doctr9es may acquire r5ew$ vigor all ov] ! e>?1 t its empire may be re/or$ & increas$1 & t !reby piety1 mode/y1 honor1 ju/ice1 *>ity & all ,*ri/ian virtues may wax /rong & n\ri% = ! glory & happ9ess ( our common humanity40 ,x has be5 alleg$ & p]si/5tly ma9ta9$ by ! enemies ( ! ,holy ,see1 t ,pius ,,ix4 s\ght only to promote 8 own importance by conv5+ a ,g5]al ,c\ncil4 ,( ?is calumny ! =ego+ words1 :i* s pla9ly & di/9ctly set =? ! purposes ( ! c\ncil1 af=d an abundant refutation4 ,no man hold+ a great public (fice c fulfil fai?fully ! duties ( t (fice )\t exalt+ 8 own "* 9 ! e/imation ( mank9d4 ,ought he !n1 because su* ?+s exalt him1 to leave !m undone8 ,?is w\ld1 inde$1 be mi/ak5 humility4 ,c\ncils1 al?\gh n an ess5tial elem5t 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! *ur*1 are _h rec\rse to 9 times ( difficulty1 9 ord] to settle doctr9al disputes1 promote morality & e/abli% or re/ore discipl9e4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,apo/olic ,c\ncil ( ,j]usalem1 no c\ncil 0 held = ! fir/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s ( ! *ur*'s exi/5ce4 ,! *ur*1 nev]!less1 z reg>d$ h] spiritual /ate1 0 highly prosp]\s & ext5d$ rapidly4 ,c\ncils came z exig5cies arose1 & :5 !re 0 no insup]able imp$im5t to _! assembl+4 ,!y 7 9 _! "t a s\rce ( great & la/+ good1 :il/ _! record rema9s %$d+ light on ! c5turies z !y pass4 ,!re _h already be5 eighte5 cum5ical ,c\ncils1 t ( ,tr5t1 held ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 hav+ be5 ! la/4 ,causes l to ^? :i* occasion$ ! e>li] c\ncils1 al?\gh 9 a diff]5t /ate ( ! _w & human society1 appe>$ to call = su* action on ! "p ( ! *ur* z %\ld p[]fully influ5ce ! pass+ age1 & cause ! light ( ,div9e revelation to p5etrate ! d>k places ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x 0 resolv$1 accord+ly1 to convoke ! cum5ical ,c\ncil ( ! age4 ,,bi%ops1 ,,etc41 ,,bidd5 ,,to ,,! ,,c\ncil4 ,x 0 ! duty ( ! ,commission ( ,direction to decide z to :o _h a "r to be call$ to1 & to sit 91 ! c\ncil4 ,?is commission consi/$ ( five c>d9als :o 7 presid5ts1 eight bi%ops & a secret>y1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,s>dis4 ,!re 0 no diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,a "q1 h[ev]1 arose z to ! "r ( vic>s-apo/olic to be invit$ to ! c\ncil4 ,!y 7 bi%ops1 inde$1 b )\t ord9>y jurisdiction4 ,h5ce ! d\bt z to _! "r to be call$4 ,nei!r _! admissibility1 if invit$1 nor ( _! decisive vote :5 admitt$ 0 at all que/ion$4 ,! prec$5ts & practice ( ! ,holy ,see 7 9 favor ( _! be+ call$4 ,x 0 also dread$ le/ _! exclusion %\ld give rise to que/ions z to ! cum5icity ( ! c\ncil4 ,all bi%ops1 und\bt$ly1 7 entitl$ to be invit$4 ,x 0 decid$1 !re=e1 t bi%ops1 vic>s-apo/olic1 %\ld be bidd5 to ! c\ncil4 ,! ,bulls by :i* =m] c\ncils _h be5 convok$ call$ toge!r ar*bi%ops1 bi%ops1 etc4 ,! law1 !re=e1 mak+ no di/9ction betwe5 bi%ops 9 ord9>y & su* z 7 vic>s-apo/olic1 nei!r c\ld ! commission4 ,ubi lex non di/+uit nec nos di/+n]e debemus4 ,x 0 a f> m s]i\s matt] to invite 8! bi%ops ( ! ,ori5tal rite :o are n 9 communion ) ! ,apo/olic ,see40 ,an e>ne/ & affectionate lett] ( invitation 0 address$ to !m4 ,x 0 pres5t$ to ! ,patri>* ( ! 8,or?odox0 ,greek ,*ur*1 :o did n consid] x wor? :ile to op5 x4 ,on ! same day1 x is relat$1 f\r millions ( ,bulg>ians notifi$ to ?is patri>* _! )drawal f 8 jurisdiction4 ,_m bi%ops ( ! ,greek patri>*ate 7 deeply mov$ by ! mo/ k9d & press+ appeal ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,he _h besee*$ & conjur$ !m 9 ! mo/ e>ne/ mann] 8to come to ! g5]al assembly ( ! bi%ops ( ! ,we/ & ( ! :ole _w1 z _! fa!rs _h come to ! second ,c\ncil ( ,lyons & t ( ,flor5ce1 9 ord] t1 r5ew+ ! *>ity :i* exi/$ ( old1 & re/or+ ! peace :i* prevail$ 9 ! e>ly ages1 ! fruits ( :i* "t has snat*$ f u1 we may behold at la/ ! pure & bright dawn ( t union :i* we s ard5tly desire40 ,! sep>at$ bi%ops to :om ^! t\*+ words 7 address$1 appe> to h be5 pr(\ndly mov$4 ,a goodly numb]1 ev51 actuat$ by ! pat]nal int5tions ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 7 /rongly incl9$ to meet 8 advances2 b s p[]ful 0 ! example ( ! ,greek ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 t none ( !m d>$ to take ! lead4 ,! non-unit$ ,patri>* ( ,arm5ia repli$ t he w\ld att5d ! c\ncil4 ,b he fail$ to d s4 ,a v consid]ate lett] 0 also address$ to ,prote/ants & all non-,ca?olics4 ,ne$less to say x 0 n respond$ to4 ,at ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t ! same att5tion 0 %[n1 b ) an equally unsuccessful result4 ,julius ,,ii4 _h publi%$ ! condition on :i* alone non-,ca?olics g5]ally c\ld be invit$1 viz43 t !y %\ld recognize ! ,div9e au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x 0 n surely to be expect$ t1 on occasion ( ! meet+ ( a ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* %\ld ab&on1 9 favor ( a comp>atively small numb] ( diss5t]s1 h] fundam5tal claim to ,div9e commission1 :i* 0 ackn[l$g$ ?r\gh\t all ,*ri/5dom4 ,! bi%ops ( ! ,anglican ,*ur* 7 a/oni%$ & irritat$ on f9d+ t !y 7 invit$ only z o!r ,prote/ants1 & n convok$ along ) ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,rome ?us pla9ly intimat$ to !m t !y h yet to prove _! consecration & "r to episcopal dignity4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,cumm+ ( ,london1 a m9i/] ( ! ,scot* ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 ask$1 ?r\gh ,ar*bi%op ,mann+1 to be all[$ to lay be=e ! c\ncil su* argum5ts z c\ld be adduc$ 9 support ( ,prote/ant op9ions4 ,pius ,,ix4 caus$ ! foll[+ reply to be s5t to ! le>n$ m9i/]3 8,! decisions ( =m] c\ncils c\ld n be %ak5 by br++ !m anew into "q1 & by discuss+ :at _h be5 already exam9$1 judg$ & condemn$40 ,two mon?s lat]1 #cj? ,octob]1 #ahfi1 hav+ be5 in=m$ t 8 words might h be5 misund]/ood1 & t c]ta9 ,prote/ants imag9$ t all access to ! ,holy ,see 0 h5ce=? clos$ aga9/ !m1 ! ,holy ,fa!r1 9 a new ,bull :i* he v consid]ately issu$1 decl>$ t3 8,f> f repell+ any "o1 we1 on ! contr>y1 make advances t[>ds all4 ,to ^? :o1 l$ a/ray by _! education1 believe 9 ! tru? ( _! op9ions1 we1 by no means1 refuse ! exam9ation & discussion ( _! argum5ts4 ,?is _c be done )9 ! c\ncil2 b !re are n want+ le>n$ !ologians :om we %all designate to !m1 & to :om !y c op5 _! m9ds4 ,may !re be _m :o1 9 all s9c]ity1 %all avail !mselves ( ?is facility6 ,we e>ne/ly pray t ! ,god ( m]cy may br+ ab\t ?is happy result40 ,,fa!rs ,,:o ,,att5d$ ,,! ,,c\ncil4 ,a /atem5t ( ! numb] ( ,fa!rs :o att5d$ ! c\ncil1 at any p>ticul> "t dur+ its celebration1 c h>dly convey an accurate idea ( ! numb]s :o took "p 9 its proce$+s4 ,"s 7 always arriv+ & o!rs dep>t+4 ,"s fell sick1 & a few di$4 ,! numb] 9 att5dance1 h[ev]1 0 always consid]able4 ,an (ficial li/1 publi%$ by ! ,apo/olic ,*amb]1 %[s ! numb] & quality ( su* z 7 entitl$ to be pres5t1 & :o c\ld h att5d$ except on acc\nt ( h9drances aris+ f sickness1 age or imp$im5ts ?r[n 9 _! way by ! gov]nm5ts "u :i* !y liv$4 ,^! includ$ #ee c>d9als1 #aa patri>*s1 #g primates1 #aei ar*bi%ops1 #gee bi%ops1 #f abbots1 #bb mitr$ abbots-g5]al1 #bi g5]als & vic>s-g5]al ( ord]s2 9 all1 #a1jdd4 ,a lat] (ficial li/ ( #a/ ,may /ates ! total numb] at #a1jej1 new primatial1 ar*iepiscopal & episcopal *ur*es hav+ be5 erect$ 9 ! meantime4 ,on ! #h? ,decemb] !re 7 at ,rome3 #di c>d9als1 #i patri>*s1 #d primates1 #abc ar*bi%ops1 #dha bi%ops1 #f abbots1 #bb abbots-g5]al1 #bi vic>s & vic>s-g5]al ( ord]s2 9 all1 #gbc ,fa!rs4 ,on #bj? ,decemb] !re 7 #gdc4 ,! foll[+ ,bi%ops ( ,engl& 7 9 att5dance at ! c\ncil3 ,! ,mo/ ,rev4 ,ar*bi%op ,mann+1 ( ,we/m9/]2 ! ,mo/ ,rev4 ,dr4 ,err+ton1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,trebizonde2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,grant1 ( ,s\?w>k2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,corn?waite1 ( ,bev]ly2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,uulla?orne1 ( ,birm+ham2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,clif=d1 ( ,clifton2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,*adwick1 ( ,hexham2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,amh]/1 ( ,nor?ampton2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,roskell1 ( ,nott+ham2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,vaughan1 ( ,plym\?2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,turn]1 ( ,sal=d2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,br[n1 ( ,%rewsbury4 ,!re 0 a some:at long] li/ ( ,iri% bi%ops1 viz43 ,8 ,em95ce ,paul1 ,c>d9al-,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl92 ! ,mo/ ,rev4 ,dr4 ,mc,gettigan1 ,primate ( all ,irel&1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,armagh2 ! ,mo/ ,rev4 ,dr4 ,leahy1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,ca%el2 ! ,mo/ ,rev4 ,dr4 ,mc,hale1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,tuam2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,d]ry1 ( ,clonf]t2 ,o',keane1 ,f]moy2 ,kelly1 ,d]ry2 ,mori>ty1 ,k]ry2 ,leahy1 ,dromore2 ,gillooly1 ,elph92 ,mc,evilly1 ,galway2 ,furlong1 ,f]ns2 ,o',hea1 ,ross2 ,dorrian1 ,d[n & ,connor2 ,butl]1 ,lim]ick2 ,conaty1 ,kilmore2 ,nulty1 ,mea?2 ,donnelly1 ,clogh]2 ,p[]1 ,killaloe2 ,mc,cabe1 ,ardagh4 ,! hi]>*y _h n yet be5 re/or$ 9 ,scotl&2 s t c\ntry c\ld s5d only ?ree bi%ops to ! cum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,^! 7 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,john ,/ra91 ,vic>-,apo/olic1 ,ed9burgh 7aft]w>ds1 9 ! re/or$ hi]>*y1 ,mo/ ,rev4 ,ar*bi%op ( ,sa9t ,&rews & ,ed9burgh72 ! ,mo/ ,rev4 ,dr4 ,eyre1 ,ar*bi%op1 ,glasg[2 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,mc,donald 79 ! re/or$ hi]>*y1 ,bi%op ( ,ab]de571 ,vic>-,apo/olic1 ,pre%ome4 ,all ! o!r civiliz$ nations1 ) sc>cely an exception17#g7 s5t _! bi%ops to ! g5]al assembly ( ! ,*ur*4 ,france suppli$ ! greate/ numb]1 eighty-"o4 ,! k+dom ( ! ,two ,sicilies came next1 be+ repres5t$ by sixty-eight bi%ops4 ,next came ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur*1 s5d+ sixty-two bi%ops4 ,f ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 ) ! colonies1 includ+ ,canada1 w5t fifty-five bi%ops to ! great c\ncil4 ,au/ria & ,hung>y 7 nobly repres5t$ by =ty-?ree bi%ops4 ,spa9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica s5t ea* =ty prelates1 & ! ,/ates ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ?irty2 :il/ ( ! ,ori5tal rites !re 7 =ty-two bi%ops4 ,pi$mont1 ,tuscany1 ,lomb>dy & ,v5etia1 toge!r ) ,mod5a & ,p>ma1 ,prussia1 ,bav>ia1 ,mexico1 ,belgium1 ,holl&1 ,portugal1 ,switz]l&1 ! ,isles ( ,greece1 & ev5 ! ,turki% empire1 *e]fully will$ t ! ,ca?olic prelates ( _! l&s %\ld be> _! "p 9 ! gr& cum5ical ,c\ncil :i* 0 n[ ab\t to assemble4 ,all ^!1 ) ! c>d9als1 abbots1 mitr$ abbots & g5]als ( religi\s ord]s1 :o 7 also memb]s ( ! great assembly1 made up ! goodly numb] :i* has already be5 adv]t$ to47#h7 ,,subjects ,,:i* ,,x ,,0 ,,propos$ ,,to ,,discuss ,,9 ,,! ,,c\ncil4 ,! subjects = discussion 7 express$ 9 s*emata1 or draft decrees1 :i* 7 drawn up by a 8congregation10 or1 z we %\ld say1 a committee ( "o hundr$ & two ecclesia/ics1 :o 7 c>d9als & o!rs le>n$ 9 !ology & canon law1 select$ f _m nations on acc\nt ( _! sup]ior wisdom & exp]i5ce4 ,by ^! alone ! s*emata 7 prep>$4 ,!y bore n s mu* z ! %ad[ ( ! supreme au?ority4 ,s ! c\ncil 0 p]fectly at lib]ty to accept or reject1 to *ange or to modify !m1 z x %\ld deem fit & prop]4 ,( ?is we are assur$ by ! words ( ! ,pope1 :o1 9 8 8,con/itution10 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! c\ncil1 in=m$ ! bi%ops t he _h n giv5 any sanction to ! s*emata1 & t consequ5tly 9 reg>d to !m !re 0 complete fre$om4 ,! s*emata1 six 9 numb]1 7 v compreh5sive4 ,x is deeply to be regrett$ t ! c\ncil 0 n all[$ "t to discuss !m all4 ,!y conc]n$3 #a4 ,ca?olic doctr9e 9 opposition to ! manifold errors fl[+ f rationalism4 #b4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 #c4 ,! (fice ( bi%ops4 #d4 ,! vacancy ( sees4 #e4 ,! life & mann]s ( ! cl]gy4 #f4 ,! ,little ,cate*ism4 ,! s*ema on ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ necess>ily involv$ ! "q ( infallibility4 ,z ?is "q1 m ?an any o!r subject1 appe>s to h di/urb$ ! equanimity ( ! outside _w1 x may n be inappropriate to consid] ! prelim9>y labors1 z reg>d$ x1 ( ! great !ological commission4 ,! s*ema on ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ ext5d$ to fifte5 *apt]s4 ,hav+ treat$1 at l5g?1 on ! body ( ! *ur*1 ! commission or committee ( #ajb !ologians c\ld n fail to treat also ( ! ,*ur*'s ,head4 ,on ?is po9t !y prep>$ two *apt]s4 ,! "o spoke ( ! primacy ( ! ,roman ,pontiff1 ! o!r ( 8 temporal p[]4 ,9 treat+ ( ! primacy1 its end[m5ts also necess>ily came "u discussion4 ,among ^! claim$ ! fir/ place ! ,div9e assi/ance 9 matt]s ( fai? :i* 0 promis$ to ,pet]1 & 9 ,pet] to 8 successors4 ,?is is no?+ less ?an infallibility4 ,on ! #ad? & #ba/ ( ,janu>y1 ! commission discuss$ ! nature ( ! primacy4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,febru>y1 x took up ! "q ( infallibility4 ,x 0 enquir$3 #a/1 :e!r ! infallibility ( ! ,roman ,pontiff c be def9$ z an article ( fai?2 #bnd1 :e!r x ought to be s def9$8 ,! fir/ "q 0 answ]$ unanim\sly 9 ! affirmative4 ,to ! second1 all1 ) "o exception1 repli$1 express+ concurr5ce 9 ! judgm5t t ! subject ought n to be propos$ to ! c\ncil unless x 7 dem&$ by ! bi%ops4 ,! word+ ( ! judgm5t is z foll[s3 ,s5t5tia commissionis e/1 nonnisi ad po/ulationem episcoporum rei hujus propositionem ab apo/olica s$e faci5dam esse4 78,! judgm5t ( ! commission is t ?is subject ought n to be propos$ by ! ,apo/olic ,see1 except at ! petition ( ! bi%ops407 ,"o memb] ( ! commission consid]$ ! discussion ( ! subject inopportune4 ,on acc\nt ( 8 diss5t1 ! *apt] be>+ on infallibility 0 nev] complet$4 ,?us = a second "t 0 ! "q ( infallibility delib]ately set aside4 ,z = ,pius ,,ix4 himself1 he _h no desire any m ?an he _h ne$ to propose t !re %\ld be a dogmatical def9ition4 ,ev5 z 8 pr$ecessors 9 all prec$+ ages1 he 0 consci\s t 8 primacy 0 complete4 ,he _h act$ on ?is conviction1 ex]cis+ 8 sublime privilege ) univ]sal cons5t1 9 ! face ( all ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 #ahed1 #ahfb & #ahfg1 ! bi%ops _h abundantly te/ifi$ 9 8 favor4 ,if an au?oritative decl>ation 0 call$ =1 x c\ld only be on acc\nt ( ! few :o disput$ & d\bt$1 & ! /ill small] numb] :o d5i$ t ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* on e>? c nei!r err 9 fai? & morals1 nor lead into error ! *ur* ( :i* he is div9ely con/itut$ ! ,supreme ,tea*]4 ,,op5+ ,,( ,,! ,,c\ncil4 ,on ! #g? ( ,decemb]1 #ahfi--,vigil ( ! ,immaculate ,conception--,pius ,,ix41 att5d$ by an impos+ suite1 repair$ to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 9 ord] to inaugurate solemnly a p]iod ( n9e days' pray] 9 honor ( ! ,bless$ & ,immaculate ,m>y4 ,! foll[+ day1 at an e>ly h\r1 ! cannon ( ! ,ca/le ( ,/4 ,angelo ann\nc$ to ! holy city ! great ev5t t _h be5 s long look$ =w>d to4 ,z e>ly z six o'clock a4m4 ! ?ree naves ( ,/4 ,pet]'s 7 fill$ ) a cr[d ( ! fai?ful1 & all ! approa*es to ! ,basilica 7 ?rong$ ) p4 ,at n9e o'clock 0 se5 ! magnific5t procession ( mitr$ abbots1 bi%ops & ar*bi%ops1 primates1 patri>*s & c>d9als1 t prec$$ ! s$ia ge/atoria :i* bore ! ,pope4 ,! sacr$ cortege requir$ ab\t an h\r to trav]se ! hall 7atrium7 & ! *ief nave ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 & rea* ! left7#i7 arm ( ! cross :i* =ms ! imm5se ,basilica1 & :i* _h be5 set ap>t & prep>$ z a va/ *amb] = ! celebration ( ! c\ncil by t skilful ar*itect1 ,virg9ius ,vespignani4 #a1jdd ,fa!rs 7 invit$ to be pres5t z memb]s ( ! c\ncil4 #hjc att5d$ at ! op5+4 ,( ^! !re 7 six ar*bi%ops :o 7 also pr9ces1 =ty-n9e c>d9als1 elev5 patri>*s1 six hundr$ & eighty ar*bi%ops & bi%ops1 tw5ty-eight abbots1 & tw5ty-n9e g5]als ( religi\s ord]s4 ,! entire numb] surpass$ by "o hundr$ & ?irty-five ! unit$ numb]s ( all ! ,fa!rs ( ,nice1 ,con/ant9ople & ,ephesus4 ,! day _h gone by :5 ! ,european sov]eigns c\ld be bidd5 to an cum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,sev]al ( _! repres5tatives1 h[ev]1 att5d$ at ! op5+4 ,! highe/ ( ! ,roman nobility 7 also pres5t4 ,! ,colonna & ,ors9i families enjoy$ ! honor ( be+ pr9ces att5dant at ! ,papal ?rone on occasion ( all ! public c]emonials ( ! c\ncil4 ,o!rs ( ! ,roman nobility1 sov]eigns & pr9ces1 at ! "t 9 ! city1 7 pres5t4 ,among ^! 7 ! ex-,k+ ( ,naples1 ! ,empress ( ,au/ria1 ! ex-,duke & ,du*ess ( ,tuscany1 ! ex-,duke & ,du*ess ( ,p>ma1 toge!r ) ! ,doria & ,borghese families4 ,sev]al =eign pr9ces1 ,g5]al ,kanzl]1 comm&]-9-*ief ( ! ,papal =ces1 & ,g5]al ,dumont1 :o comm&$ ! ,fr5* battalions 9 g>rison at ,rome1 likewise att5d$4 ,! hymn1 ,v5i ,creator1 0 sung1 & imm$iately !reaft] ! fir/ session ( ! ,vatican ,c\ncil 0 =mally op5$ ) ! celebration ( ,high ,mass4 ,at ! conclusion ( mass1 ! secret>y ( ! c\ncil plac$ ^u ! alt> ! ,book ( ! ,gospels1 :i* always rema9$ op5 ?r\gh\t ! session4 ,! c\ncil !n he>d a s]mon1 & ! ,holy ,fa!r inton$ ! ,synodal pray]s1 :i* 7 foll[$ by ! ,litany ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,imm$iately aft] ! *ant+ ( ! ,gospel1 ,pius ,,ix4 made an allocution to ! foll[+ effect3 8,y are met1 v5]able bre?r51 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 to be> witness ) u to ! ^w ( ,god2 to decl>e ) u to all m5 ! tru?1 :i* is ! way t leads to ,god2 & to condemn ) u1 "u ! guidance ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! doctr9es ( false sci5ce4 ,god is pres5t 9 ,8 holy place2 ,he is ) our delib]ations & our ef=ts2 ,he has *os5 u to be ,8 s]vants & fell[-work]s 9 ! great "w ( ,8 salvation4 ,!re=e1 kn[+ well our own weakness1 & fill$ ) mi/ru/ ( ourselves1 we lift up our eyes & our pray]s to ,!e1 ,o ,holy ,gho/1 to ,!e ! s\rce ( true light & wisdom40 ,! ,v5i ,creator hav+ be5 once m sung1 ! ,bi%op ( ,fabriano read f ! ,ambo ! decree orda9+ ! op5+ ( ! c\ncil4 ,x 0 9 sub/ance z foll[s3 8,is x ! pleasure ( ! ,fa!rs t ! cum5ical ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican %\ld be op5$1 & %\ld be decl>$ op5 = ! glory ( ! ,mo/ ,holy ,tr9ity1 ! cu/ody & decl>ation ( ! fai? & ( ! ,ca?olic religion2 = ! condemnation ( errors :i* are widely spread+1 & ! correction ( cl]gy & p80 ,! c\ncil repli$ unanim\sly placet4 ,! ,pope !n decl>$ ! c\ncil to be op5$1 & fix$ ! second public session = ! fea/ ( ! ,epiphany1 ,janu>y #f1 #ahgj4 ,! session clos$ ) ! ,te ,deum & ! ,pontifical b5$iction4 ,all ! public sessions :i* 7 aft]w>ds held 7 op5$ pretty mu* 9 ! same mann]4 ,,dea? ,,( ,,two ,,di/+ui%$ ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,c\ncil4 ,at ?is "t ! c\ncil & ! ,ca?olic _w _h to bewail ! dea? ( two v em95t ,fa!rs4 ,c>d9al de ,reisa* 0 a man ( great & v>i$ le>n+1 ( l>ge & ref9$ culture ( m9d1 & 0 fitt$ 9 a special way to und]/& ! div]sities ( ?\ght :i* met 9 ! ,vatican ,c\ncil4 ,8 loss to ! ,holy ,see1 great z x w\ld h be5 at any "t1 0 m s]i\sly felt at ! meet+ ( ! c\ncil1 9 prep>+ = :i* he _h borne a *ief "p4 ,c>d9al de ,reisa* 0 n only "o ( ! =emo/ memb]s ( ! ,sacr$ ,college 9 ! public s]vice ( ! *ur*1 b 9 private life he 0 greatly & des]v$ly lov$ = 8 g5ial & sympa!tic "*4 ,! late illu/ri\s ,bi%op ( ,s\?w>k1 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,?omas ,grant1 ^: zeal induc$ him to proce$ to ,rome 9 ! height ( a s]i\s illness1 0 also torn away f ! c>es ( ?is life & ! affection ( _m fri5ds1 :51 a little lat]1 he 0 ab\t to address a lum9\s disc\rse to ! assembl$ ,fa!rs4 ,:il/ he /ood 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 !re occurr$ a crisis ( 8 malady f :i* he nev] ralli$4 ,he 0 visit$ on 8 dea?b$1 :i* 0 t ( ! fai?ful s]vant1 by ,pius ,,ix41 :o held him 9 ! highe/ e/eem4 ,,! ,,second ,,session4 ,prep>atory to ! second session ( ! c\ncil1 v>i\s commissions 7 con/itut$4 ,t ( po/ulates or propositions 0 appo9t$ by ! ,pope1 & consi/$ ( c>d9als :o _h exp]i5ce1 bo? z resid5ts ( ,rome & =m]ly z nuncios at =eign c\rts1 toge!r ) ar*bi%ops & bi%ops select$ f ea* ( ! *ief nations 9 ! c\ncil4 ,its memb]s 7 twelve c>d9als1 two patri>*s--,antio* & ,j]usalem--t5 ar*bi%ops1 among :om 0 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,we/m9/]1 & two bi%ops4 ,x 0 resolv$ t ! o!r commissions %\ld be elect$ by ! univ]sal suffrage ( ! c\ncil4 ,! ,commission ( ,fai? 0 elect$ 9 ! ,?ird ,g5]al ,congregation1 on ! #bj? ( ,decemb]4 ,x 0 compos$ ( tw5ty-five memb]s1 among :om 7 rem>k$ ! successor ( ,f5elon 9 ! ar*iepiscopal see ( ,cambrai1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,we/m9/] & ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,ca%el 7,irel&71 ?ree ,am]ican bi%ops1 ,baltimore1 ,san ,francisco1 ,rio ,gr&e4 ,! ,commission ( ,discipl9e consi/$ ( tw5ty-f\r memb]s1 :o repres5t$ z _m nations--! ,bi%op ( ,birm+ham1 on ! "p ( ,engl&4 ,! ,commission on ,religi\s ,ord]s 0 also *os52 ! ,bi%op ( ,clifton repres5t+ ,engl&4 ,no m be+ necess>y at ! e>li] sitt+s ( ! c\ncil1 ! nom9ation ( all o!r commissions 0 po/pon$4 ,,second ,,public ,,session--,,pr(ession ,,( ,,fai? ,,by ,,all ,,! ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,c\ncil4 ,! second public session 0 held on ! fea/ ( ! ,epiphany1 ,janu>y #f?1 #ahgj4 ,x _h be5 always cu/om>y at g5]al c\ncils to make a pr(ession ( fai?4 ,?is cu/om 0 n dep>t$ f at ! ,vatican ,c\ncil4 ,z at ,con/ant9ople1 ,a4 ,d4 #cha1 & ,*alc$on1 ,a4 ,d4 #dha1 0 recit$ ! ,cre$ ( ,nicea1 & at subsequ5t c\ncils 0 solemnly pr(ess$ ! fai? z express$ by ^? :i* _h prec$$ !m2 s at ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican 7 repeat$ ! articles ( ,ca?olic belief1 z h&$ d[n ?r\gh ,tr5t & ! m anci5t c\ncils4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! ,holy ,fa!r1 ris+ f 8 seat1 read1 9 a di/9ct voice1 ! def9itions ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 kn[n z ! ,cre$ ( ,pope ,pius ,,iv4 ,! same pr(ession ( fai? 0 !n read f ! ,ambo by ! ,bi%op ( ,fabriano4 ,z soon z he _h done s1 ! o!r ,fa!rs ( ! ,c\ncil express$ _! adhesion by kiss+ ! ,gospel at ! ?rone ( ! ,*ief ,pa/or4 ,sev5 hundr$ bi%ops ( ! *ur*1 repres5t+ m ?an ?irty nations & ab\t7#aj7 ?ree hundr$ millions ( ,*ri/ians1 ?us solemnly pr(ess$1 ) "o he>t & m9d1 ! same fai? 9 ! same =m ( words4 ,9 ?is wond]ful unanimity !re is m ?an nature & philosophy4 ,?r\gh all ! *anges ( ne>ly n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s1 ?is intellectual unity ( fai?1 al?\gh m9utely def9$ at ,nicea1 ,con/ant9ople & ,tr5t1 has endur$ un*ang$4 ,we _c b behold 9 ?is immutability ( ,div9e fai? some?+ f> beyond ! p[] ( human wisdom4 ,x is surely provid5tial t1 9 ! face ( s mu* unbelief1 su* witness %\ld h be5 borne to ! unity & univ]sality ( ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,& n[ clos$ ! second public session ( ! ,vatican ,c\ncil4 ,,?ird ,,session4 ,prep>atory to ! op5+ ( ! ?ird public session ( ! c\ncil1 ! s*ema 8on ,ca?olic fai? & on ! errors spr++ f rationalism0 0 discuss$ by ?irty-five bi%ops 9 ! g5]al congregations1 betwe5 ! #ah? ( ,decemb] & ! #aj? ( ,janu>y4 ,x conta9$ eighte5 *apt]s1 & 0 s5t back to ! ,commission on ,fai? 9 ord] to be completely remodel$4 ,x 0 a gr& !ological docum5t1 & 0 ca/ 9 ! traditional =m ( concili> decrees1 tak+ its %ape1 z !y did1 f ! errors :i* x 0 int5d$ to condemn4 ,x 0 some:at ar*aic1 p]haps1 9 language1 b wor?y to rank ) ! decrees ( ! ,c\ncils ( ,tol$o or ( ,lat]an4 ,hav+ be5 ref]r$ to ! ,commission on ,fai?1 x 0 aga9 di/ribut$ to ! c\ncil 9 its new =m on ! #ad? ( ,m>*1 :olly reca/1 & 0 receiv$ ) g5]al approbation4 ,?is new docum5t is q ( a di/9ct "*1 & n to be comp>$ ) ! s*ema by :i* x 0 prec$$4 ,x conta9$1 in/ead ( eighte5 *apt]s1 only an introduction & f\r *apt]s1 9 :i* e s5t5ce is full ( cond5s$ doctr9e1 ! :ole hav+ impress$ ^u x a s+ul> beauty & spl5dor ( ,div9e tru?4 ,! commission 0 engag$ 9 reca/+ ?is s*ema until ! end ( ,febru>y4 ,its subject-matt] 0 :at may well be consid]$ ! fir/ f\ndations ( natural & reveal$ religion1 viz43 ! exi/5ce & p]fections ( ,god1 ! creation ( ! _w1 ! p[]s & (fice ( human reason1 revelation1 fai?1 ! relation ( reason to fai? & ( fai? to sci5ce4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ^! tru?s came ! condemnation ( a!ism1 mat]ialism1 pan!ism1 naturalism & rationalism4 ,:il/ ! non-,ca?olic _w believ$ t ! ,pope & ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,c\ncil 7 be/[+ all _! c>e on "o subject :i* happ5$ to be m prom95tly be=e ! public1 !y 71 on ! contr>y1 labor+ ) ! greate/ pa9s to elucidate e subject z x came up = consid]ation4 ,z has be5 se51 ! mo/ important s*ema on ,ca?olic fai? _h be5 already v c>efully discuss$4 ,on ! #ah? ( ,m>* a second discussion took place 9 ! g5]al congregation 7or committee ( ! :ole c\ncil7 on a report be+ made by ! ,primate ( ,hung>y4 ,n9e bi%ops !n disc\rs$ on ! text ( ! s*ema1 aft] :i*1 no ,fa!r desir+ to speak m ^u x1 ! g5]al discussion end$4 ,ea* *apt] 9 p>ticul> n[ came to be discuss$4 ,9 ! debate on ! fir/ *apt] sixte5 ,fa!rs took "p2 on ! second1 tw5ty2 on ! ?ird1 tw5ty-two2 on ! f\r?1 twelve2 9 all1 sev5ty-n9e spoke4 ,?is discussion occupi$ n9e sitt+s1 & only end$ :5 no "o desir$ to speak any fur!r4 ,! am5dm5ts ( ! bi%ops 7 s5t ) ! s*ema to ! commission4 ,z soon z !y 7 pr9t$ & di/ribut$ !y 7 exam9$ by ! commission1 :5 a full report 0 made 9 ! g5]al congregation on ! introduction1 & ! am5dm5ts 7 put to ! vote4 ,! text ( ! introduction 0 !n once m ref]r$4 ,ea* ( ! f\r *apt]s 0 treat$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,to ! fir/ !re 7 =ty-sev5 am5dm5ts1 :i*1 be+ pr9t$ & di/ribut$1 ! commission report$1 & ! am5dm5ts 7 put to ! vote4 ,/ill ano!r revision1 & ! fir/ *apt] 0 adopt$1 almo/ unanim\sly1 on ! #a/ ( ,april4 ,! second *apt] _h sixty-two am5dm5ts4 ,ref]r+ to ! commission1 revis+1 report+ & vot+ foll[$1 z 9 ! case ( ! fir/ *apt]1 :5 ! second 0 ref]r$ back = f9al am5dm5t4 ,! ?ird *apt] _h "o hundr$ & tw5ty-two am5dm5ts4 ,! same process 0 foll[$1 9 reg>d to ^! am5dm5ts1 z 9 ! case ( ! fir/ & second *apt]s4 ,! proce$+s la/$ two days4 ,! f\r? *apt] _h fifty am5dm5ts1 :i* 7 subject$ to ! same process z ^? ( ! ?ree fir/1 & s5t back to ! commission4 ,on ! same day1 #h? ,april1 ! second *apt] z am5d$ 0 pass$1 & on ! #ab? ( ,april1 ! ?ird & f\r?1 ! =m] unanim\sly1 ! latt] almo/ s4 ,:5 ! :ole 0 put to ! vote1 no non placet 0 giv51 :il/ !re 7 eighty-?ree placets juxta modum4 ,! am5dm5ts 7 all s5t1 z be=e1 to ! commission1 & pr9t$ 9 a qu>to volume ( fifty-"o pages4 ,! report 0 made on ! #aj? ( ,april1 & on ! same day ! am5d$ text 0 unanim\sly accept$4 ,all ! "t betwe5 ! #ad? ( ,m>* & ! #ai? ( ,april 0 consum$ 9 pass+ ?is fir/ s*ema4 ,sixty-n9e memb]s ( ! c\ncil spoke4 ,?ree hundr$ & sixty-f\r am5dm5ts 7 made1 exam9$ & vot$ ^u4 ,six reports 7 made by ! commission ^u ! text1 :i*1 aft] its fir/ reca/+1 _h be5 six times am5d$4 ,! decree 0 f9ally adopt$ unanim\sly by ! assembl$ ,fa!rs1 all :o 7 pres5t1 six hundr$ & sixty-sev51 vot+ 9 ! ?ird public session1 on ,l[ ,sunday 7,dom9ica 9 ,abbis71 #bd? ,april4 ,?is solemn vote ( ! c\ncil 0 confirm$ by ! ,pope1 :o1 on ! occasion1 spoke z foll[s3 8,! decrees & canons conta9$ 9 ! ,con/itution j read 7 accept$ by all ! ,fa!rs1 no "o diss5t+2 & we1 ! ,sacr$ ,c\ncil approv+1 by our apo/olical au?ority1 s def9e & confirm !m40 ,cont9u+1 he address$ ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,c\ncil3 8,y see1 belov$ bre?r51 h[ good & pleasant x is to walk 9 ! ,h\se ( ,god 9 unity & peace4 ,z our ,"l gave to ,8 apo/les1 s ,i1 ,8 unwor?y ,vic>1 9 ,8 "n1 give peace to y4 ,t peace1 z y "k1 ca/s out fe>2 t peace %uts ! e> to unwise words4 ,may t peace g ) y 9 all ! days ( y\r life2 may t peace be ) y 9 dea?2 may t peace be y\r ev]la/+ joy 9 heav540 ,aft] mu* delib]ation & pa9/ak+1 ! ?ird public session ( ! c\ncil came to a close4 ,at less =mal sitt+s 0 discuss$ ! discipl9e relat+ to bi%ops4 ,on ?is subject ?irty-sev5 ,fa!rs disc\rs$ 9 ! c\ncil4 ,sev5 sitt+s 7 employ$ 9 discuss+ discipl9e z conc]ns ! cl]gy1 & ?irty-sev5 ,fa!rs spoke4 ,=ty-"o ,fa!rs took "p 9 discuss+ ! s*ema on ! ,little ,cate*ism4 ,! discussion occupi$ six sitt+s4 ,!re 0 no hurry+ ( matt]s 9 ! c\ncil4 ,none ( ! discussions 7 clos$ until none ( ! ,fa!rs desir$ fur!r to be he>d4 ,all ! s*emata1 x is almo/ ne$less to say1 hav+ be5 discuss$1 7 ref]r$ to _! respective commissions1 9 ord] to be revis$ 9 accordance ) ! spee*es & ! writt5 am5dm5ts ( ! bi%ops4 ,pius ,,ix41 mean:ile1 0 mo/ anxi\s to aid & promote ! labors ( ! c\ncil4 ,not)/&+ ! great increase ( ecclesia/ical bus9ess occasion$ by ! pres5ce 9 ,rome ( s _m prelates1 ! affairs ( ^: *ur*es1 z well z _! own m p]sonal matt]s1 requir$ no small degree ( att5tion1 he foll[$1 ) unabat$ int]e/1 e /age ( its proce$+s1 & caus$ a m9ute acc\nt to be giv5 to him e day ( :at 0 done 9 ! v>i\s committees4 ,^! unwont$ c>es1 & ! unusual am\nt ( labor & fatigue :i* !y entail$1 nev] induc$ him to omit any ( ^? devotional (fices ) :i* he 0 accu/om$ to r5ew & /r5g!n 8 s\l4 ,he w\ld n he> ( any hurry+ 9 ! discussions on ! fir/ s*ema--t on fai?1 b1 on ! contr>y1 gave due praise to ! pa9s & labor be/[$ by ! ,fa!rs on e *apt]1 ^w & s5t5ce4 ,x 0 _! object to secure t complete accuracy & p]fection ( expression :i* c\ld n fail to prove em95tly useful 9 all "t to come4 ,z has be5 already rem>k$1 ! ,fa!rs ( ! 8,congregations0 & 8,commissions0 labor$ mo/ assidu\sly 9 prep>+1 = ! acceptance ( ! c\ncil1 ! s*ema on fai? & doctr9e4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! six weeks t x 0 "u review1 sev5ty-n9e disc\rses 7 deliv]$1 ?ree hundr$ & sixty-f\r am5dm5ts propos$1 exam9$ & vot$ ^u1 :ile six reports 7 made ^u ! text ( ! s*ema1 :i* _h be5 six times am5d$4 ,! introduction1 ! f\r *apt]s & ! eighte5 canons1 hav+ f9ally pass$ ! c\ncil1 7 approv$ by ! ,holy ,fa!r1 adopt$ & promulgat$ z a ,papal 8,con/itution10 :i* w be kn[n 9 hi/ory z ! ,con/itution ,dei ,filius4 ,x is a ma/]piece ( !ological sci5ce1 & may be comp>$ to priceless gems arti/ically arrang$ by skilful h&s 9 ! ri*e/ sett+s4 ,x w\ld be idle1 inde$1 to rec\nt all ! h>d & absurd ?+s t h be5 said by ! enemies ( ! c\ncil & ! ,ca?olic religion4 ,"o ( _! accusations1 if well f\nd$1 w\ld be truly cru%+4 ,"s sci5ti/s1 :o claim to be v pr(\nd1 deem x necess>y to abjure ! ,ca?olic fai?1 because ! ,vatican ,c\ncil has plac$ an impassable gulf betwe5 religion & sci5ce1 fai? & reason4 ,! c\ncil anticipat$ & met ?is accusation :i* is s vigor\sly & p]si/5tly urg$ by ! false sci5ce ( ! day4 ,let u quote f its 8,con/itution30 8,al?\gh fai? is above reason1 !re c nev] be any real discrepancy betwe5 fai? & reason1 s9ce ! same ,god :o reveals my/]ies & infuses fai? has be/[$ ! light ( reason on ! human m9d1 & _c d5y ,himself1 nor c tru? ev] contradict tru?4 ,! false appe>ance ( su* a contradiction is ma9ly due1 ei!r to ! dogmas ( fai? n hav+ be5 und]/ood & exp\nd$ accord+ to ! m9d ( ! *ur*1 or to ! inv5tions ( op9ion hav+ be5 tak5 = ! v]dicts ( reason4 ,& n only c fai? & reason nev] be oppos$ to "o ano!r1 b !y are ( mutual aid ! "o to ! o!r4 ,= "r reason demon/rates ! f\ndations ( fai?1 &1 enlight5$ by its light1 cultivates ! sci5ce ( ?+s div9e2 :ile fai? frees & gu>ds reason f errors1 & furni%es x ) manifold k4 8,s f>1 !re=e1 is ! *ur* f oppos+ ! cultivation ( human arts & sci5ces1 t x1 9 _m ways1 helps & promotes x4 ,= ! ,*ur* nei!r ignores nor despises ! b5efits to human life :i* result f ! arts & sci5ces1 b confesses t1 z !y came f ,god1 ! ,"l ( all sci5ce1 s1 if !y be rightly us$1 !y lead to ,god by ! help ( ,8 grace4 ,nor does ! ,*ur* =bid t ea* ( ^! sci5ces1 9 its sph]e1 %\ld make use ( its own pr9ciple & its own me?od4 ,b :ile recogniz+ ?is j lib]ty1 x /&s wat*fully on gu>d1 le/ ! sci5ces1 sett+ !mselves aga9/ ! ,div9e tea*+1 or transgress+ _! own limits1 %\ld invade & di/urb ! doma9 ( fai?40 ,,f\r? ,,public ,,session4 ,!re 0 only "o po9t 9 ! discussions on ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 :i* ! outside _w appe>$ to take an int]e/1 & x is "o :i* ! c\ncil did n at fir/ contemplate tak+ into consid]ation4 ,! ,fa!rs appe> to h resolv$ to limit !mselves1 9 treat+ ( ! ,*ur*1 & consequ5tly ( ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* on e>?1 to ! discussion ( ! primacy ( ! ,supreme ,pa/or & ( 8 temporalities4 ,! commission ( "o hundr$ & two c>d9als1 & o!r le>n$ !ologians1 _h ev5 set aside ! "q ( infallibility :5 x came be=e !m1 "o ( _! numb] pron\nc+ a decision on x z inopportune4 ,a great majority ( ! bi%ops1 h[ev]1 7 /rongly ( op9ion t 9 view ( ! outcry :i* _h be5 rais$ on ?is po9t1 ! opportunity ( an cum5ical ,c\ncil be+ held %\ld n be all[$ to pass )\t def9+ ! belief ( ! ,*ur* 9 reg>d to ! un]r+ nature ( ! decisions1 9 matt]s ( doctr9e & morals1 ( ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,at _! reque/1 accord+ly1 x 0 ord]$ t ! important subject %\ld be introduc$ 9 ! elev5? *apt] ( ! s*ema on ! ,*ur*1 & prep>$ 9 ! usual way = ! consid]ation ( ! c\ncil4 ,x c\ld n be laid be=e ! ,fa!rs soon] ?an ! #ah? ( ,july1 :5 ! f\r? solemn session 0 held4 ,x is prop] to rem>k "h t ! doctr9e 9 "q 0 nev] discuss$1 ei!r 9 ! congregations or committees ( ! :ole c\ncil1 z to its ,div9e orig91 or z to ! fact ( its hav+ be5 reveal$2 n "o ( ! sev5 hundr$ memb]s ( ! c\ncil express$ any d\bt z to ?is4 ,!re 0 no discussion except z to ! opportun5ess ( def9+ to be ( fai? :at all believ$ to be s4 ,! s*ema hav+ pass$ ?r\gh all ! prep>atory /ages1 f9ally assum$ ! =m ( a 8dogmatic con/itution10 :i* w be kn[n 9 hi/ory z ! ,con/itution1 ,pa/or t]nus1 f ! words ) :i* x comm5ces4 ,?is ,con/itution 0 br\ght be=e ! c\ncil at a solemn session1 ! f\r? & la/ :i* x held1 ! #ah? ,july1 #ahgj4 ,! session 0 op5$ ) all ! usual solemnities4 ,! ,pope himself presid$ 9 p]son4 ,! ,mass ( ! ,holy ,gho/ hav+ be5 celebrat$1 ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures 7 plac$ ^u ! lect]n on ! high alt>1 &1 z 0 cu/om>y1 ! ,v5i ,creator 0 sung4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,fabriano !n read ! ,con/itution1 or decree de ,romano ,pontifice1 f ! ,ambo 7pulpit71 & ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,c\ncil 7 invit$ to vote4 ,ea* ,fa!r1 accord+ly1 z 8 "n 0 call$1 took (f 8 mitre1 rose f 8 seat & vot$4 ,( ! five hundr$ & ?irty-five :o 7 pres5t1 five hundr$ & ?irty-?ree vot$ placet 7aye71 :il/ !re 7 only two nays4 ,! secret>y ( ! c\ncil1 toge!r ) ! scrut9e]s1 advanc$ to ! ,pontifical ?rone & decl>$ ! result4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r !n confirm$ ! decision 9 ! usual =m4 ,he pray$1 at ! same "t1 t !y :o _h consid]$ su* a decision inopportune1 at a "t ( unusual agitation1 might1 9 calm] days1 unite ) ! great majority ( _! bre?r51 & cont5d ) !m = ! tru?4 ,! ins]tion "h ( ! allocution :i* he deliv]$ on ! occasion _c b prove acceptable to all ,engli% read]s3 8,great is ! au?ority ) :i* ! ,supreme ,pontiff is inve/$4 ,?is au?ority1 h[ev]1 does n de/roy4 ,x builds up4 ,x does n oppress4 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 su/a9s4 ,v frequ5tly x behooves x to def5d ! rights ( our bre?r51 ! bi%ops4 ,if "s h n be5 ( ! same m9d ) u1 let !m consid] t !y h =m$ _! judgm5t "u ! influ5ce ( agitation4 ,let !m be> 9 m9d t ! ,"l is n 9 ! /orm 7#b ,k+s1 xix41 #aa74 ,let !m rememb] t1 a few ye>s ago1 !y held ! opposite op9ion1 & ab\nd$ 9 ! same belief ) u1 & 9 t ( ?is mo/ augu/ assembly1 = !n !y judg$ 9 ! untr\bl$ air4 ,c two opposite consci5ces /& toge!r 9 ! same judgm5t8 ,by no means4 ,!re=e1 we pray ,god t ,he :o alone c "w great ?+s1 may ,himself enlight5 _! m9ds & he>ts1 t all may come to ! bosom ( _! ,fa!r1 ! unwor?y ,vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/ on e>?1 :o loves !m & desires to be "o ) !m1 &1 unit$ 9 ! bond ( *>ity1 to fight ) !m ! battle ( ! ,"l4 ,?us %all our enemies n d>e to d]ide u1 b r be aw$1 & at l5g? lay d[n ! arms ( _! w>f>e 9 ! pres5ce ( tru?2 s t all may say1 ) ,/4 ,augu/9e3 #8,?\ ha/ call$ me unto ,?y wond]ful light1 & behold ,i see4' 0 ,te ,deum 0 n[ *ant$1 ! ,pope inton+ ! sublime hymn1 & ) ! ,pontifical b5$iction1 end$ ! f\r? solemn public session ( ! ,vatican ,c\ncil4 ,) ?is c\ncil also end$ all discussion )9 ! *ur* on ^? que/ions 9 reg>d to :i* x pron\nc$ au?oritatively4 ,no d\bt ! enemies ( ! ,ca?olic fai? w\ld h be5 bett] pleas$ if !re _h be5 absolute unanimity :5 ! f9al vote 0 tak5 on ! widely-discuss$ "q ( infallibility4 ,su* a co9cid5ce w\ld h af=d$ !m a pretext1 al?\gh1 inde$1 a gr\ndless "o1 = ass]t+ t !re 0 ei!r collusion or compulsion1 :il/ 9 reality !re 0 complete lib]ty4 ,! two ,fa!rs :o vot$1 nay1 con/itut+ a m9ority ( two1 act$ accord+ to _! "r1 & x 0 n que/ion$4 ,^! ,fa!rs 7 ,monsignor ,l\is ,riccio1 ,bi%op ( ,casazzio1 9 ! k+dom ( ,naples1 & ! ,"r ,rev1 ,edw>d ,fitzg]ald1 ,bi%op ( ,petricola 7,little ,rock1 ,arkansas71 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,imm$iately aft] ! confirmation ( ! 8,con/itution10 ^! two prelates1 advanc+ to ! ,papal *air1 solemnly decl>$ _! adhesion to ! act ( ! c\ncil4 ,! f\r diss5ti5t c>d9als--,raus*]1 ,s*w>z5b]g1 ,ma?ieu & ,hoh5lohe--:o _h left ! c\ncil :5 ! f\r? session 0 held1 also1 9 _! turn1 express$ _! ass5t to ! decision ( ! assembl$ ,fa!rs4 ,! oppos+ bi%ops did 9 l mann]4 ,all ( !m1 n except+ ,/rossmay]1 ,bi%op ( ,sirmium1 :o 0 ! mo/ eloqu5t orator ( ! m9ority 9 ! c\ncil1 & :o appe>$ to hesitate long] ?an ! re/1 end$ by promulgat+ all ! decrees ( ! c\ncil 9 _! respective dioceses4 ,?is is m ?an c\ld be said ( ,nicea1 ,*alc$on & ,con/ant9ople4 ,= ! fir/ "t1 no bi%op p]si/$ 9 resi/+ ! decisions ( an cum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,x 0 n[ ackn[l$g$ by ! :ole episcopate t ^? measures 7 timely1 wise & salut>y1 :i* ! ,*ur*1 ev] guid$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 _h deem$ x prop] to adopt1 b :i* s _m1 aw$ by ! _s ( unbelief :i* 0 abroad1 _h judg$ 7 inopportune4 ,x may h be5 m]ely a co9cid5ce4 ,b !re c be no d\bt t gr&eur 0 add$ to a sc5e1 9 itself suffici5tly impos+1 :51 z on ,s9ai ( old1 lightn+ fla%$ & ?und] peal$1 z ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,c\ncil solemnly rose to give _! f9al vote4 8,! placets ( ! ,fa!rs10 writes ! correspond5t ( ! ,london ,times 7,aug4 #e1 #ahgj71 8/ruggl$ ?r\gh ! /orm :ile ! ?und] peal$ above1 & ! lightn+ fla%$ 9 at e w9d[1 & d[n ?r\gh ! dome & e small] cupola4 #8,placet6' %\t$ 8 ,em95ce or 8 ,grace1 & a l\d clap ( ?und] foll[$ 9 response1 & !n ! lightn+ d>t$ ab\t ! ,baldac*9o & e "p ( ! *ur* & c\ncil-hall1 z if ann\nc+ ! response4 ,s x cont9u$ = ne>ly "o h\r & a half1 dur+ :i* "t ! roll 0 be+ call$1 & a m effective sc5e ,i nev] witness$4 ,_h all ! decorators & all ! gett]s-up ( c]emonies 9 ,rome be5 employ$1 no?+ approa*+ to ! solemn gr&eur ( ! /orm c\ld h be5 prep>$1 & nev] w ^? :o saw x & felt x =get ! promulgation ( ! fir/ dogma ( ! *ur*40 ,less fri5dly critics beheld1 9 ?is magnific5t ?und]-/orm1 a di/9ct voice ( ,div9e ang]1 condemn+ ! important act ( ! assembl$ ,fa!rs4 ,_h !y =gott5 ,s9ai & ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts8 ,all ( a sudd51 z ! la/ words 7 utt]$1 ! tempe/ ceas$2 &1 at ! mom5t :5 ,pius ,,ix4 inton$ ! ,te ,deum1 a sun-ray light$ up 8 noble & expressive c\nt5ance4 ,! voices ( ! ,sixt9e *ori/]s1 :o cont9u$ *ant+ ! hymn1 c\ld n be he>d4 ,!y 7 lo/ 9 ! unit$ conc]t ( ! v5]able ,fa!rs & ! va/ assemblage4 ,,comp>ative ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,vatican ,,c\ncil4 ,9 :atev] light we view ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican--! cum5ical ( ! n9ete5? c5tury--x /rikes u z be+1 9 ecclesia/ical annals1 ! ev5t ( ! age4 ,x also m>ks1 9 a rem>kable mann]1 ! "* & progress ( ! "t4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 0 highly important 9 its day2 & /ill1 aft] a lapse ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 its tea*+s gov]n ! ,*ur*4 ,:il/1 z reg>ds ! wisdom ( its decisions1 x _c be excell$1 x 0 surpass$ 9 _m ?+s by ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican4 ,tr5t 0 att5d$ by comp>atively few bi%ops1 :o 7 f ,europe1 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* & ! c\ntries bord]+ on ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! ,vatican ,c\ncil consi/$ ( prelates f at lea/ ?irty diff]5t nations1 f ! remote/ regions ( ! habitable globe1 f ! num]\s *ur*es 9 ,india :i* ow$ _! orig9 to ! apo/olic zeal ( ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]1 f ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,*9a1 ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal& & ,oceanica4 ,"o-fif? ( ! *ur*es exi/$ n z yet 9 ! "t ( ,tr5t :i* s5t _! bi%ops to repres5t !m at ! ,vatican ,c\ncil4 ,! c\ntries 9 :i* _m ( ^! *ur*es fl\ri% _h no place1 :5 ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 0 call$1 on ! map ( ! _w4 ,f ^? va/ regions :i* n[ con/itute ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 !re 0 n s mu* z "o bi%op at ,tr5t4 ,at ! ,vatican ,c\ncil !re 7 no few] ?an sixty4 ,!re 7 nev] m ?an ?ree bi%ops ( ,irel& pres5t toge!r at ,tr5t1 & f\r only 7 memb]s ( t c\ncil4 ,tw5ty ,iri% prelates att5d$ ! ,vatican ,c\ncil4 ,engl& s5t only "o bi%op to ,tr5t4 ,he is m5tion$ z ,godveus ,anglus1 ,episc4 ,asaph5sis4 ,! ,ca?olics ( ,engl& 7 repres5t$ by ?irte5 ,engli% bi%ops at ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican4 ,scotl& _h no repres5tation at ,tr5t4 ,! ,ca?olics ( t c\ntry 7 mo/ wor?ily repres5t$ at ! ,vatican by ,bi%op ,/ra91 n[ ,ar*bi%op ( ,/4 ,&rews & ,ed9burgh2 ,ar*bi%op ,eyre1 ( ,glasg[1 & ,bi%op ,mc,donald1 ( ,ab]de54 ,!re 0 only a v small numb] ( ,engli%-speak+ bi%ops at ,tr5t4 ,at ! ,vatican ,c\ncil !y 7 p>ticul>ly num]\s1 con/itut+1 z ne>ly z c be calculat$1 "o-fif? ( ! assembl$ ,ca?olic hi]>*y4 ,at ,tr5t !re 7 n _m bi%ops f c\ntries speak+ diff]5t languages4 ,tw5ty-sev5 languages1 & v>i\s dialects besides1 7 repres5t$ by prelates at ! ,vatican4 ,! great] facilities = travell+1 :i* ?is favor$ age enjoys1 no d\bt r5d]$ x m easy to att5d ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican ?an x 0 to j\rney to ,tr5t1 ev5 f ! ne>e/ l&s4 ,nev]!less1 !re 0 labori\s j\rney+ to ! ,vatican4 ,prelates f ! va/ regions ( ,asia & ,africa1 ,am]ica & ,au/ralia1 knew :at !y w\ld h to enc\nt]1 b !y 7 n det]r$4 ,"s1 on _! way to ! ,vatican1 travell$ = :ole weeks m\nt$ on camels be=e !y c\ld rea* ! ports at :i* x behoov$ !m to emb>k4 ,bi%op ,launy1 ( ,santa ,fe1 0 =ty-two days on 8 l&-j\rney1 & travell$ on horseback4 ,su* ( ! laity z visit$ ,tr5t 7 comp>atively few1 & only f places n v di/ant4 ,"o hundr$ ?\s& pilgrims1 _m ( !m f ! mo/ remote regions1 repair$ to ! ,vatican4 ,! numb] ( ,fa!rs at any "o "t 9 c\ncil at ,tr5t 0 some:at "u ?ree hundr$4 ,sev5 hundr$ & eighty-?ree took "p 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be und]rat$4 ,x 0 a mo/ important c\ncil1 & admirably calculat$ to meet ! wants ( ! "t4 ,x m>k$ an era 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x provid$ rem$ies = num]\s evils1 & safety 9 ! mid/ ( dang]4 ,x became a p[] :i* "t has n dim9i%$4 ,= ?ree hundr$ ye>s x has guid$ ! de/9ies ( ,pet]'s b>que1 prelates & p wisely accept+ its discipl9e1 & meekly obey+ its rule4 ,x add$1 no d\bt1 to ! importance ( ! ,vatican ,c\ncil t x 0 held at ,rome1 9 ! v c5tre ( ,ca?olicity & ( ,ca?olic unity1 & ne> ! tombs ( ! m>tyr$ apo/les1 ! f\nd]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ?is x contra/s ) ,tr5t1 :i*1 al?\gh ! ,fa!rs assembl$ at an obscure village 9 ! ,tyrol1 0 n less1 on ?is acc\nt1 an cum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,papal legates presid$ at ,tr5t1 :il/ ! ,holy ,fa!r himself 0 pres5t at all ! solemn sessions ( ! ,vatican ,c\ncil :i* h z yet be5 held4 ,,infallibility4 ,!re 0 no int5tion at fir/1 z has be5 %[n1 ( lay+ ! "q ( infallibility be=e ! c\ncil4 ,x happ5$1 h[ev]1 t a great clamor1 9 reg>d to ?is "q1 came to prevail bo? )9 & )\t ! ,*ur*4 ,! enemies ( ! doctr9e rail$ s /rongly aga9/ x1 & !y :o did n d5y x declaim$ s l\dly aga9/ ! opportun5ess ( pron\nc+ any decision conc]n+ x1 t x 0 positively =c$ ^u ! att5tion ( ! assembl$ ,fa!rs4 ,:51 !re=e1 !y came to discuss ! primacy & ! temporalities ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff 9 connection ) ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 !y hesitat$ n to consid]1 at ! same "t1 8 immunity f error :5 speak+1 z ,head ( ! ,*ur* & successor ( ,sa9t ,pet]1 ex ca!dra on matt]s ( fai? & morals4 ,! le>n+ ( !ologians & ! ability ( orators 7 br\ght into requisition1 & ! fact came prom95tly out t x _h be5 accord+ to ! m9d ( ! ,*ur* at all times1 t ! ,pope1 ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 is div9ely assi/$ :5 pron\nc+ solemnly ex ca!dra on que/ions ( fai? & morals4 ,:5 s pron\nc+1 ! decisions ( ! ,supreme ,pa/or h always be5 accept$ by ! ,*ur*1 :e!r disp]s$ or assembl$ 9 c\ncil4 ,x is a receiv$ belief among ,*ri/ians t to e legitimate (fice is atta*$ a grace ( vocation4 ,is x n1 !re=e1 9 accordance ) reason & ,*ri/ian fai?1 t su* grace %\ld belong1 & specially to ! highe/ & mo/ important ( all (fices8 ,su* grace or assi/ance 0 promis$ to ,/4 ,pet]1 & ?r\gh him to 8 successors1 :o are appo9t$ to be> witness ?r\gh\t all "t to ! tru?s ( ,div9e revelation4 ,= our bless$ ,"l decl>$1 8,i am ) y all days40 ,he c\ld n bett] h secur$ ! p]man5ce ( 8 religion--! k+dom ( ,god on e>?1 = ! salvation ( m5 9 e age ( ! _w4 ,:5 ! ,supreme ,pa/or speaks 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 sublime (fice1 ! ,*ur* also speaks4 ,! tea*+ & te/imony ( ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* & ( ! great body ( ! ,*ur* are id5tical4 ,!y mu/ always be 9 h>mony1 z 0 s admirably %[n by ! decision ( ! c\ncil on infallibility & ! confirmation !re( by ! ,holy ,fa!r--confirma fratres tu\s--8confirm ?y bre?r540 ,let n ! oppon5ts ( ! ,*ur* & h] salut>y doctr9es be c>ri$ away by ! idea t a subs]vi5t c\ncil wi%$ only to glorify _! spiritual ,*ief by ascrib+ to him imag9>y p]sonal gifts4 ,!y 7 incapable ( any su* ?+4 ,!y 7 an assembly ( ! mo/ v5]able m5 9 ,*ri/5dom1 :o felt all ! weight ( _! responsibility to ,god & m5 9 ! ex]cise ( _! sacr$ functions4 ,_! decision has n alt]$ ! position ( ! ,supreme ,pa/or4 ,any writ+s or disc\rses :i* he may produce 9 8 m]ely p]sonal or m private capacity are receiv$ by ! ,*ri/ian _w ) t degree ( consid]ation to :i* !y are entitl$ on acc\nt ( ! e/imation 9 :i* he is held by m5 z a !ologian & a man ( le>n+ & ability4 ,x is only :5 pron\nc+ solemnly ex ca!dra1 z ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet] & ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 on que/ions ( fai? & morals1 t he is univ]sally believ$ to be div9ely assi/$ s z to be above ! dang] ( err+1 or ( lead+ into error--9 o!r words 7& we _c help :o may be (f5d$71 t he is infallible4 ,,franco-,,prussian ,,w>--,,)drawal ,,( ,,! ,,fr5* ,,g>rison ,,f ,,rome--,,adj\rnm5t ,,( ,,! ,,c\ncil4 ,ev5ts 7 n[ at h& :i* made x impossible = ! c\ncil to hold ano!r session4 ,! ,fr5* ,emp]or _h greatly fall51 9 ! e/imation ( ! p ( ,france1 f ! "t ( 8 %ameful ab&onm5t ( ! *ivalr\s ,maximilian & ! popul> design ( e/abli%+ a ,lat9 empire on ! cont95t ( ,am]ica4 ,9 ord] to make am5ds & rega9 8 pre/ige1 he _h reviv$ ! idea1 s de> to ! ,fr5*1 ( rectify+ ! ,rh9e fronti] ( ,france by resum+ possession ( ,luxemb\rg & "s o!r adjac5t prov9ces4 ,he =mally intimat$ 8 design to ,prussia4 ,t ,p[]1 h[ev]1 aw>e ( its rights & consci\s ( its milit>y sup]iority1 decl9$ all negotiation on ! subject4 ,f t mom5t ,prussia held h]self 9 read9ess to repel1 ) ! sword1 if necess>y1 any insol5ce t1 9 ! future1 might proce$ f h] aggressive neighbor1 = ^: tott]+ ?rone w> 0 a necessity4 ,! c&idature ( ,pr9ce ,leopold ( ,hoh5zoll]n = ! ?rone ( ,spa9 n[ af=d$ a pretext1 :i* ,napoleon ,,iii4 0 only too anxi\s to f9d1 = provok+ by a fre% insult 8 p[]ful rival4 ,x may be t he dread$ ! accession ( /r5g? :i* might ev5tually accrue to ,prussia if ! cr[n ( ,spa9 7 plac$ on ! head ( a ,pr9ce ( ! h\se ( ,hoh5zoll]n4 ,napoleon remon/rat$1 & ?reat5$ w>4 ,! y\?ful ,g]man pr9ce g5]\sly r5\nc$ a c&idature :i* x 0 n h>d to see w\ld lead to a rupture betwe5 ! two ,p[]s1 & cause a de/ructive w>4 ,! ,k+ ( ,prussia1 head ( ! ,hoh5zoll]ns1 sanction$1 if he did n comm&1 ?is act ( mod]ation on ! "p ( ! pr9ce1 8 relative4 ,b mod]ation 0 ( no avail4 ,napoleon1 surr\nd$ by a ,jacob9ical m9i/ry1 insi/$ ^u w>4 ,! v idea ( propos+ a ,g]man = ! ?rone ( ,spa9 appe>$ to him to be a suffici5t cause = issu+ a decl>ation ( ho/ilities4 ,! gauntlet ?us ?r[n d[n1 ! ,prussian mon>* 0 too *ivalr\s to decl9e ! *all5ge4 ,he reli$ on 8 great milit>y /r5g?1 & c\ld af=d to despise ! comp>atively inf]ior prep>ations ( ! ,fr5* ,empire4 ,) ! va/ res\rces ( ,france at 8 comm&1 ! ,emp]or1 "o w\ld suppose1 might h manag$1 9 ! c\rse ( ?ree ye>s1 to increase & discipl9e 8 army1 g>rison 8 =tresses & seek alliances4 ,he might h tak5 m "t if necess>y4 ,he _h no ne$ to precipitate ev5ts1 z he s recklessly did1 by decl>+ w> :5 !re 0 positively no prep>ation made = x4 ,we %all pres5tly see :e!r he 7 n "o ( ^? :om ,provid5ce deprives ( reason :5 x has resolv$ on _! de/ruction4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( m effective prep>ations1 ! small g>rison at ,rome ( five ?\s& m5 0 )drawn 9 ord] to augm5t ! army :i* all ,france believ$ 0 de/9$ to cru% ! =midable ,teuton & capture ,b]l94 ,if1 h[ev]1 ?is _h be5 ,napoleon's only object 9 recall+ ! troops1 he c\ld h accompli%$ x z easily by ord]+ f\r ?\s& five hundr$ ( ! ,roman g>rison to jo9 ! invad+ army1 leav+ ! rema9+ five hundr$ to gu>d ! city ( ! ,popes4 ,?is small] numb] w\ld surely h be5 z able z five ?\s& to repel a ,pi$montese =ce ( sixty ?\s& m54 ,b !re 0 "q ( m ?an m]e physical p[]4 ,s long z x 0 evid5t t ,france protect$ ! ,papal city1 :e!r by a great] or small] numb] ( soldi]s1 ! legions ( ,pi$mont nev] w\ld h m>*$ aga9/ x4 ,napoleon's m9i/]1 ,m4 de ,gramont1 reveal$ ! pretext3 8,x is c]ta9ly n f /rategetical necessity t we evacuate ! ,roman ,/ates1 b ! political urg5cy is obvi\s4 ,we mu/ conciliate ! good-w ( ! ,italian ,cab9et40 ,mu*1 inde$1 x avail$ !m4 ,vit]bo 0 evacuat$ on ! #d? ( ,augu/4 ,! la/ remnant ( ,fr5* troops emb>k$ at ,civita ,vec*ia1 p>tly on ! #d? & p>tly on ! #f?1 ! v days on :i* ! ,fr5* army exp]i5c$ its fir/ rev]ses at ,weissemb]g1 ,wr? & ,spik]54 ,in/ead ( hesitat+ to p]=m a mo/ c[>dly act1 :i*1 view+ x only politically1 proclaim$ 8 weakness to all ,europe1 ! ,emp]or ,napoleon made all ha/e to complete x4 ,he express$ regret4 ,:o w say t he 0 s9c]e8 ,_h he n p]fect$ ! ma/]-"w ( 8 reign--8 gr& transalp9e s*eme8 ,! ,pi$montese m9i/]1 ,visconti ,v5o/a1 gives a v di/9ct reply4 ,writ+ to ! ,pi$montese repres5tatives at =eign c\rts1 ?is m9i/] says t z sev]al gov]nm5ts _h desir$ to "k _! views 9 reg>d to ! relation ( pass+ ev5ts ) ! ,roman "q1 8 gov]nm5t _h no hesitation 9 mak+ ! cle>e/ explanations4 ,! conv5tion ( #ae? ,septemb]1 #ahfd1 _h n suffic$ to av]t ! causes aris+ abroad :i* h9d]$ ! settlem5t ( ! ,roman difficulty4 ,he !n accuses ! ,roman ,c\rt ( hav+ assum$ a ho/ile attitude 9 ! c5tre ( ! p59sula1 & t ! consequ5ces ( su* a position might be s]i\s = ,pi$mont on occasion ( ! ,franco-,prussian w> & ! complications to :i* x might give rise4 ,visconti ,v5o/a fur!r /ates t ! basis ( a new & def9ite solution ( ! ,roman "q _h be5 confid5tially recogniz$ 9 pr9ciple1 & 0 subject only to ! condition ( opportunity4 ,x is no pleasure1 surely1 to convict ! late ,emp]or ( a deep-laid conspiracy to revolutionize ! ,roman ,/ate1 & rob ! ,holy ,fa!r ( 8 "t-honor$ patrimony4 ,b !re is no escap+ ! conclusion t he _h nev] ceas$ to plot ) ! revolutioni/s4 ,he 0 n yet vanqui%$ & fall5 himself :5 he left ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff to 8 enemies4 ,"o ( ! *ief calumnies ( ! "t 0 direct$ by ! revolutioni/s aga9/ ,pius ,,ix4 ,!y accus$ ! v5]able ,pontiff ( enc\rag+ ! ,prussian mon>* to wage w> aga9/ ,france4 ,! falsehood ( ?is accusation c only be equall$ by its absurdity4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 on ! contr>y1 e>ne/ly endeavor$1 al?\gh 9 va91 be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ho/ilities1 to av]t ! dire calamity ( w>4 ,s e>ly z #bbnd ,july1 #ahgj1 he int]pos$ betwe5 ! two rival sov]eigns4 8,sire10 he wrote to ! ,k+ ( ,prussia1 89 ! mo/ s]i\s circum/ances 9 :i* we are plac$1 x w appe> to y unusual to receive a lett] f me4 ,b z ,i hold ! (fice ( ,vic> ( ! ,god ( peace 9 ?is _w1 ,i _c d less ?an (f] y my m$iation4 ,x is my desire t all prep>ations = w> %\ld disappe>1 & t ! evils :i* inevitably foll[ %\ld be prev5t$4 ,my m$iation is t ( a sov]eign :o1 9 8 capacity ( k+1 _c1 on acc\nt ( ! smallness ( 8 t]ritory1 excite any jeal\sy1 b :o1 nev]!less1 w inspire confid5ce by ! moral & religi\s influ5ce :i* he p]sonifies4 ,may ,god he> my pray]s6 & may ,he also accept ^? :i* ,i (f] = y\r ,maje/y1 ) :om ,i desire to be unit$ 9 ! common bond ( *>ity4 ,pius ,,pp4 ,,ix40 8,i h writt5 also to ! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*40 ,! ,k+ ( ,prussia repli$ f ,b]l9 on ! #cj? ,july4 ,! k9dly mon>* express$ himself beautifully & ) ! f9e/ feel+3 8,mo/ bless$ ,pontiff--,i 0 n surpris$ b deeply mov$ :5 ,i read ! feel+ words :i* y wrote1 9 ord] to cause ! voice ( ! ,god ( peace to be he>d4 ,h[ c\ld ,i be deaf to su* a p[]ful appeal8 ,god is my witness t nei!r ,i nor my p h desir$ ?is w>4 ,9 fulfilm5t ( ! sacr$ duties :i* ,god lays on sov]eigns & on nations1 we h drawn ! sword 9 ord] to def5d ! indep5d5ce & honor ( our c\ntry1 & we are prep>$ to lay x d[n z soon z ^! bless+s %all no long] be 9 dang] ( be+ torn f u4 ,if y\r ,hol9ess c\ld (f] me1 on ! "p ( him :o has s unexpect$ly decl>$ w>1 ! assurance ( s9c]ely pacific dispositions & ( gu>antees aga9/ a r5ewal ( su* violation ( ! peace & tranquillity ( ,europe1 ,i c]ta9ly w\ld be f> f refus+ to accept !m at ! v5]able h&s ( y\r ,hol9ess1 unit$ z ,i am ) y by ! bonds ( ,*ri/ian *>ity & true fri5d%ip4 ,,william40 ,! lett] ( ,pius ,,ix4 to ! ,fr5* ,emp]or has n be5 publi%$1 & x is n kn[n :e!r ,napoleon deign$ to reply4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta94 ,he did n ei!r accept ! m$iation or he$ ! remon/rances ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,he 0 equally deaf to ! w>n+s ( 8 old allies ( ,crimean fame4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t despat*$ to ,p>is a memb] ( ! cab9et1 :o1 9 a prolong$ int]view ) ! dem5t$ ,emp]or1 argu$ e>ne/ly on ! "p ( ,que5 ,victoria & h] m9i/ry aga9/ 8 purpos$ violation ( ! peace ( ,europe by und]tak+ an unprovok$1 unju/ & irrational w>4 ,! w> broke out4 ,x 0 wag$ disa/r\sly to ! ,fr5*4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 deeply griev$4 8,poor ,france60 he exclaim$1 z he he>d ( ea* new defeat ( ! nation t he lov$ s well4 ,he int]pos$ once m4 ,b ) ! l ill success4 ,nei!r c\ld ! ,g]mans be *eck$ 9 _! victori\s c>e]1 nor c\ld ! vanqui%$ ,fr5* be induc$ to ackn[l$ge _! defeat & seek su* t]ms ( peace z might possibly h be5 obta9$4 ,on #ab? ,novemb]1 #ahgj1 ! ,holy ,fa!r wrote to ,mgr4 ,guib]t1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,t\rs1 9 ^: palace 0 resid5t a delegation ( ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t4 8,neglect no?+10 wrote ! ,pontiff1 8we conjure y1 9 ord] to prevail on y\r illu/ri\s gue/s to put an end to ?is w>4 ,nev]!less1 we are n unaw>e t x does n dep5d on !m alone1 & t we %\ld va9ly pursue ! great object ( peace1 if our pacific m9i/ry did n also meet ) support on ! "p ( ! conqu]or4 ,s we h n hesitat$ to write to ?is effect to 8 ,maje/y ! ,k+ ( ,prussia4 ,we _c1 inde$1 affirm any?+ z to ! favorable result ( ! /ep :i* we h tak54 ,we h1 nev]!less1 "s gr\nd = hope1 z ?is mon>* has 9 o!r circum/ances %[n u mu* good-w40 ,un=tunately1 ! bold m5 :o _h assum$ supreme au?ority 9 ,france1 & _h und]tak5 ! difficult task ( sav+ ! c\ntry1 7 incapable ( accept+ good advice1 especially :5 x came f a ,pope4 ,! ,k+ ( ,prussia & 8 m9i/]1 on ! o!r h&1 7 ( ! numb] ( ^? :om victory intoxicates1 & :om ! p[] to d>e ev]y?+ deprives ( all s5se ( mod]ation4 ,pius ,,ix4 did n "k !m z yet4 ,! repres5tations ( ,mgr4 ,guib]t to ,messrs4 ,cremieux1 ,glais ,biso9 & ,gambetta1 7 n m successful ?an ^? ( ,mgr4 ,l$o*[ski1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,pos51 :o ha/5$ to ! pres5ce ( ,k+ ,william at ,v]sailles4 ,! e>ne/ endeavors ( ! ar*bi%op met ) less consid]ation1 to all appe>ance1 at lea/1 al?\gh x does n appe> t1 on ?is occasion1 ,william made any reply to ,pius ,,ix4 ,not)/&+ ^! unt[>d circum/ances1 ! ,holy ,pontiff nev] lo/ confid5ce 9 ! nation ( ,*>lemagne & ,/4 ,l\is4 ,france1 he said1 al?\gh sadly exhau/$ & ba!d 9 blood1 w\ld yet %[ excell5t fruits4 ,! ,pi$montese gov]nm5t1 :i* _h be5 = "s "t e/abli%$ at ,flor5ce1 n[ resolv$ to avail itself ( ! disa/]s ( ,france to seize ! city ( ! ,popes1 & to con/itute x ! capital ( reg5]at$ ,italy4 ,! m9i/]1 ,visconti ,v5o/a1 9 a circul> lett]1 r5ew$ 8 calumnies1 pret5d+ t a ho/ile p[] exi/$ 9 ! c5tre ( ,italy1 & hypocritically decl>$ t x _h become necess>y t ! gov]nm5t ( 8 ma/] %\ld assume ! protection ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,!y w\ld n wait1 he said1 moreov]1 till ! agitation at home %\ld lead to ! effusion ( blood betwe5 ! ,romans & =eign =ces1 b w\ld proce$1 z soon z !y c\ld le>n t ! opportune "t _h come1 to occupy :at rema9$ to ! ,holy ,fa!r ( ! ,roman ,/ates4 ,! in=mation :i* ! m9i/] s\ght came ) rem>kable rapidity4 ,! day aft] ! circul> allud$ to 0 writt51 ano!r m9i/]1 ,signor ,lanza1 decl>$ t ! solemn mom5t _h arriv$ :5 ! gov]nm5t ( 8 k+ 0 call$ ^u1 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,holy ,see & ( ,italy1 to take measures = ! national safety4 ,an envoy 0 despat*$ to ,rome1 ) a lett] to ! ,pope1 assur+ him t ! k+'s gov]nm5t 0 firmly resolv$ to give ! necess>y gu>antees = ! spiritual indep5d5ce ( ! ,holy ,see1 & t ^! gu>antees w\ld be h]eaft] ! subject ( negotiations ) ! ,p[]s t 7 int]e/$ 9 ! ,papacy4 ,9 addition to ?is mock]y ( diplomacy1 ,victor ,emmanuel himself wrote to ! ,pope1 express+ 8 filial devot$ness1 :ile at ! same "t he 0 prep>+1 f an excess ( affection1 to bomb>d 8 city & slay 8 def5d]s1 to rob him f an excessive zeal = ju/ice1 to imprison him 9 ord] to set him free1 &1 f9ally1 t he ought to all[ all ?is to be done )\t compla9t1 & ev5 ?ank ! good k+ :o took s mu* c>e ( him4 ,! ,flor5t9e ,envoy1 ,signor ,ponza di ,san ,m>t9o1 :5 he came to ,rome1 made 8 fir/ visit to ,c>d9al ,antonelli1 :o receiv$ him politely1 & did n refuse to ask = him an int]view ) ! ,pope4 ,! c>d9al1 h[ev]1 decl9$ to h any conv]sation ) him on ! object ( 8 mission4 8,i "k already10 said he1 8all t y c\ld tell me4 ,y are also aw>e ( ! reply t ,i w\ld give4 ,=ce1 n argum5t1 speaks at pres5t40 ,pius ,,ix4 0 m afflict$ ?an surpris$ :5 he read ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel's lett]4 ,he 0 p>ticul>ly pa9$ by ! tone ( ?is docum5t4 8,h[ ! revolution has abas$ a ,pr9ce ( ! ,h\se ( ,savoy6 ,x is n satisfi$ ) de?ron+ k+s z (t5 z x c1 & ) committ+ _! heads to ! guillot9e4 ,x mu/ also di%onor !m40 ,! envoy insi/$ t ! k+ 0 s9c]e2 t he 0 m conv9c$ ?an any o!r1 t ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,*ur* 0 a necessity2 & t he (f]$ real & sub/antial gu>antees to ?is indep5d5ce4 8,& :o w gu>antee ^! gu>antees0 ask$ ! ,pope4 8,y\r k+ _c promise any?+4 ,he is no long] a k+4 ,he dep5ds on 8 p>liam5t1 :i*1 9 its turn1 dep5ds on ! secret societies40 ,! ambassador1 m disconc]t$ ?an ev]1 rem>k$ on ! difficulties ( ! "t4 ,he claim$1 al?\gh timidly1 t ! k+ ought to be judg$ accord+ to 8 int5tions1 z at ! "t he 0 con/ra9$ by ! aspirations ( f\r-&-tw5ty millions ( ,italians4 8,y\r /atem5t is untrue1 sir10 repli$ ,pius ,,ix4 8,y calumniate ,italy6 ,( ^! f\r-&-tw5ty millions1 tw5ty-?ree millions are devot$ to me1 love & respect me1 & only require t ! revolution leave !m & me 9 peace4 ,! rema9+ million y h poison$ ) false doctr9es & inspir$ ) base passions4 ,^! un=tunate p are ! fri5ds ( y\r k+ & ! in/igators ( 8 ambiti\s designs4 ,:5 !y h no long] ne$ ( him !y w ca/ him aside4 ,my answ] w be communicat$ to y to-morr[4 ,i am too mu* mov$ ) grief & indignation to be able to write at pres5t40 ,next day1 accord+ly1 #aa? ,septemb]1 ! foll[+ reply to ,victor ,emmanuel 0 convey$ to ,signor ,ponza3 8,,sire1--,c\nt ,ponza di ,san ,m>t9o has h&$ me a lett] :i* x has pleas$ y\r ,maje/y to address to me4 ,?is lett] is n wor?y ( an affectionate son :o glories 9 pr(ess+ ! ,ca?olic fai?1 & :o prides himself on be+ royally loyal4 ,i dwell n on ! details conta9$ 9 ! lett]1 9 ord] to avoid r5ew+ ! pa9 :i* a fir/ read+ ( x gave me4 ,i bless ,god1 :o has p]mitt$ t y\r ,maje/y %\ld ov]:elm ) bitt]ness ! la/ ye>s ( my life4 ,i _c admit ! dem&s made 9 y\r lett]1 nor adopt ! pr9ciples :i* x conta9s4 ,i call ^u ,god anew1 & comm5d to ,him my cause1 :i* is also :olly ,8 own4 ,i besee* ,him to be/[ abundant graces on y\r ,maje/y1 to deliv] y f all dang]1 & to grant y all ! m]cy :i* y require40 ,?is answ] 0 n wait$ =4 ,victor ,emmanuel made ha/e to become ! decl>$ enemy ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,on #aa? ,septemb]1 ! ,pontifical t]ritory 0 invad$ by 8 ord]s at ?ree diff]5t po9ts--,aquap5d5te1 9 ! nor?3 ,orte & ,correse1 to ! ea/2 & on ! s\?1 ,ceprano4 ,! invad+ army am\nt$ to sixty ?\s& m54 ,aft] ! )drawal ( ! ,fr5* g>rison1 !re rema9$ only at ,rome ! few soldi]s :o con/itut$ ! army ( ! ,pope4 ,a great portion ( ^! 71 to ! la/+ honor ( a remote ,briti% dep5d5cy1 ,canadians4 ,!y all des]v$ well ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 & _h imp]ill$ _! lives 9 8 s]vice4 ,on occasion ( ! great difficulty :i* _h aris51 accord+ly1 he 0 pleas$ to address to !m 9 p]son special words ( com=t & enc\ragem5t4 ,x 0 evid5t t1 9 ! adv]se circum/ances ( ! "t1 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican c\ld n long cont9ue its delib]ations4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,holy ,fa!r au?oriz$ su* ( ! bi%ops z desir$ to retire to return to _! dioceses until ! fea/ ( ,/4 ,m>t91 #aa? ,novemb] foll[+1 at :i* date x 0 int5d$ to resume ! labors ( ! c\ncil4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 /rictly speak+1 susp5d$4 ,"s g5]al congregations 7committees7 7 /ill held1 & ! v>i\s deputations cont9u$ _! /udies4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 ! bi%ops ( ! m9ority1 "o aft] ano!r1 express$ _! adhesion4 ,! bi%ops1 on return+ to _! dioceses1 7 receiv$ ) magnific5t pro(s ( ! p's fidelity4 ,"s p>ties pret5d+ t ! ,con/itution1 ,pa/or t]nus1 0 n obligatory1 because ! c\ncil 0 n t]m9at$1 ,c>d9al ,antonelli address$ to ! ,papal ,nuncio at ,brussels a lett] "u date ( #aa? ,augu/1 :i* remov$ all d\bt on ! subject4 ,! rapid m>* ( ev5ts1 h[ev]1 r5d]$ x necess>y to int]rupt ! labors ( ! assembl$ ,fa!rs4 ,on #bj? ,octob]1 accord+ly1 ,pius ,,ix4 publi%$ ! ,bull1 ,po/quam ,dei ,mun]e1 :i* susp5d$ !m = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,,! ,,wolf ,,9 ,,! ,,fold4 ,:5 all ! ,pontifical =ces _h return$ f ! outpo/s1 on ! approa* ( ! =midable ,pi$montese invad]1 & 7 conc5trat$ at ,rome1 !y numb]$ n m ?an "s t5 ?\s& m54 ,su* an army 0 q inadequate to cope ) ! sup]ior p[] ( ! ,flor5ce gov]nm5t4 ,pius ,,ix41 !re=e1 9 ord] to prev5t an unavail+ conflict1 plac$ an ord] 9 ! h&s ( 8 g5]al-9-*ief1 to ! effect t z soon z suffici5t resi/ance 0 made1 9 ord] to %[ t viol5ce 0 us$ aga9/ ! ,holy ,see1 he %\ld surr5d] ! city4 ,?is 0 a trial to ! devot$ ,papal ,z\aves1 :o1 dur+ ! few mom5ts t fight+ 0 all[$1 conduct$ !mselves 9 ! mo/ gallant /yle1 & kept ! enemy at bay4 ,_! brav]y des]v$ a bett] fate ?an t :i* befell !m & ! ,roman ,/ate4 ,two lieut5ants1 ,niel & ,brondeis1 fell1 pi]c$ ) w\nds1 exclaim+ ) _! la/ brea?1 8,long live ,pius ,,ix460 ,a brave ,alsacian fell by _! side4 ,a ,canadian ,z\ave1 ,hormisdas ,sauvet1 0 also w\nd$1 & decl>$ t he 0 m =tunate ?an s _m ( 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 :o _h be5 two ye>s 9 ! ,pontifical s]vice )\t ! slighte/ accid5t4 ,ano!r ,z\ave1 ^: "n 0 ,burel1 :5 w\nd$ 9 ! m\?1 & 8 tongue 0 de/roy$1 made a sign t he wi%$ to write4 ,pap] 0 br\ght to him1 & he ?us wrote 8 w3 8,i leave to ! ,holy ,fa!r all t ,i possess40 ,he di$ ! foll[+ day4 ,! pap]1 all cov]$ ) blood1 0 tak5 to ,pius ,,ix41 :o1 9 8 turn1 b$ew$ x ) te>s1 & desir$ to keep x z a memorial4 ,! ,italian g5]al ,cadorna1 an apo/ate prie/1 comm5c$ bomb>d+ ,rome at five po9ts4 ,at "o ( ^!1 betwe5 ! gates ,pia & ,sal>a1 !y spe$ily effect$ a brea* 9 an old wall ab\t two feet 9 ?ickness1 & built ( bricks & tufa4 ,x may be conceiv$ ) :at feel+s ! brave ,papal soldi]s beheld ! /orm+ column ent] ! city1 :il/ !y1 9 ob$i5ce to ord]s1 rema9$ inactive spectators4 ,!y bore 9 sil5ce & )\t mov+ an arm ! insults & ev5 ! viol5ce ( ! fi]ce soldi]y ( ,pi$mont4 ,f9ally1 aft] a :ite flag _h be5 display$ = "s "t on ! ,pontifical side1 almo/ 9 va91 ,g5]al ,kanzl] _h an int]view ) ,cadorna1 at ! ,villa ,albani4 ,x c h>dly be said t a conv5tion 0 resolv$ on4 ,x w\ld be m true to write t ! t]ms ( ! conqu]or 7 impos$ on ! vanqui%$1 &1 z a matt] ( necessity1 accept$4 ,! soldi]s 7 bett] treat$ ?an 9 su* circum/ances c\ld well be expect$4 ,!y 7 all[$ to m>* out ( ,rome ) ! honors ( w>1 be>+ ) !m _! colors1 arms & baggage4 ,:5 once out ( ! city1 h[ev]1 !y 7 all oblig$ to lay d[n _! arms & _! colors1 ) ! exception ( ! (fic]s1 :o 7 p]mitt$ to reta9 _! swords1 _! horses & ev]y?+ t belong$ to !m4 ,su* soldi]s z 7 =eign]s 7 to be s5t to _! respective homes by ! ,italian gov]nm5t4 ,! future position ( ! ,pope's native troops 0 to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,by ! articles ( capitulation1 x 0 settl$ t ! ,pope %\ld be all[$ only ! ,vatican ,palace & t "p ( ,rome :i* is call$ ! ,leon9e city4 ,?us 7 c>ri$ into effect ! views ( ^? revolutioni/s ( ,p>is & ,tur9 :o claim$ to be mod]ate4 ,_! programme 0 t :i* ,pr9ce ,napoleon _h concoct$ 9 #ahfa4 ,x is deeply to be regrett$ t :5 s little resi/ance 0 requir$1 s _m ( ! ,pope's brave def5d]s %\ld h fall54 ,"s 7 basely murd]$ 9 ! /reets on ! nights ( ! #bj? & #ba/ ,septemb]4 ,)\t c\nt+ ^!1 h[ev]1 !re 7 sixte5 kill$1 ( :om "o 0 an (fic]1 & fifty-eight w\nd$4 ,among ^! la/ !re 7 two (fic]s1 two surgeons & a *apla94 ,! troops hav+ be5 s ha/ily dismiss$ to _! =eign homes1 to ,civita ,vec*ia1 etc41 x is possible t ! li/ may be incomplete4 ,! losses ( ! ,pi$montese 7 nev] made kn[n4 ,x is c]ta91 at any rate1 t "o hundr$ w\nd$ 7 receiv$ at ! hospital 8de la ,consolation0 alone4 ,:il/ ,pius ,,ix4 neglect$ n to w>n1 remon/rate & use e fair & loyal art ( diplomacy1 he fail$ n1 at ! same "t1 to h rec\rse to ! spiritual weapon ( pray]4 ,z ! enemy approa*$ 8 gates1 he repair$ to ! ,lat]an ,basilica1 & !re mo/ e>ne/ly address$ 8 supplications to ! ,god ( armies4 ,not)/&+ 8 great age1 he asc5d$1 on 8 knees1 all ! "t absorb$ 9 pray]1 ! tw5ty-n9e /eps ( ! ,scala ,santa1 :i*1 at ! ,palace ( ,pontius ,pilate1 0 consecrat$ by ! foot/eps ( our suff]+ ,savi\r4 ,on rea*+ ! *apel at ! head ( ! holy /air1 he p\r$ =? a pray] by :i* all :o he>d x 7 deeply mov$4 ,he besee*$ our bless$ ,"l1 ^: humble s]vant & repres5tative he 01 to turn aside ! wra? ( heav51 to prev5t ! pr(anation ( ! holy places1 to save 8 p4 ,he conjur$ our mo/ lov+ ,savi\r1 by virtue ( ,8 passion1 by ! pa9 especially :i* ,he suff]$ :5 spontane\sly asc5d+ t same /air 9 ord] to und]go ! mock]y ( judgm5t by ,8 err+ creatures1 to h m]cy on afflict$ ,rome1 on ,8 p1 on ,8 ,*ur*--,8 well-belov$ & /a9less sp\se1 to save h] temples f desecration & h] *ildr5 f ! sword4 8,p>don10 he conclud$1 8p>don my p1 :o are also ,?y p4 ,if ,?\ desire/ a victim1 ,o ,god6 take ,?y unwor?y s]vant6 ,h ,i n liv$ long en\gh8 ,m]cy6 ,o ,god6 h m]cy1 ,i besee* ,!e6 ,b :atev] may happ51 ,?y holy w be done60 ,z 0 always ! case :5 ,pius ,,ix4 appe>$ among 8 p1 he 0 receiv$ on ?is occasion ) e demon/ration ( welcome4 ,z soon z ! inhabitants ( ! locality became aw>e ( 8 pres5ce1 !y ?rong$ ar\nd 8 c>riage 9 ord] to d him honor1 &1 urg$ by ! circum/ances ( ! "t1 ) t fre$om & famili>ity ( mann] peculi> to ! ,romans1 !y add$ to _! acclamations & cordial vivats words ( enc\ragem5t & ev5 advice4 8,def5d y\rself4 ,holy ,fa!r6 def5d u6 c\rage6 c\rage60 ,a p>t+ b5$iction1 & he left 8 p ( ,rome to be ) !m no m4 ,all ! repres5tatives ( =eign ,/ates1 ) ! exception ( ,von ,arnim1 ! ,prussian ,ambassador1 rema9$ ) ! ,holy ,fa!r1 prote/+ by _! pres5ce aga9/ ! flagrant violation ( a solemn treaty :i* ! ,flor5ce gov]nm5t 0 committ+4 ,x is n kn[n t ,von ,arnim 0 in/ruct$ by 8 gov]nm5t to act z he did4 ,b none are ignorant t s9ce t "t x has dealt sev]ely ) him4 ,! diplomati/ :o rejoic$ ov] ! fall ( ,rome has himself incurr$ disgrace1 & und]goes ! puni%m5t ( a bani%$ man4 ,pius ,,ix41 complim5t+ ! ambassadors1 call$ to m9d h[ !y _h af=d$ him mu* com=t on a simil> occasion4 ,?is 0 9 #ahdh1 & at ! ,quir9al ,palace4 ,he in=m$ !m also t he _h writt5 to ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel1 b did n "k :e!r he _h receiv$ 8 lett]4 ,at any rate1 he _h little hope t x w\ld h any result4 ,8 m5tion ( ! notori\s ,bixio1 :o 0 ) ! ,italian army1 0 n )\t significance4 ,?is rabid r$ republican _h ?reat5$ t if ev] he ent]$ ,rome he w\ld ?r[ ! ,pope & c>d9als into ! ,tib]4 8,8 ideas10 ! ,holy ,fa!r obs]v$1 87 n[ probably modifi$4 ,he 0 ) a k+4 ,may x please ,heav5 to effect a complete trans=mation & conv]t ?is ,bixio & s _m o!rs40 ,! /ud5ts ( ! ,am]ican ,college at ,rome1 ! ambassadors 7 !n told1 _h (f]$ to take up arms 9 ! s]vice ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r w\ld n all[ !m to s]ve o!rwise ?an by att5d+ to ! w\nd$4 8,i wi% ,i c\ld say t ,i c\nt on y10 said ! ,pope1 address+ ! ambassadors1 8& t "o ( y w h ! honor1 z =m]ly1 to extricate ! ,*ur* & h] ,*ief f difficulty4 ,b ! times are *ang$4 ,! ag$ ,pope1 9 8 mis=tunes1 _c rely on any "o 9 ?is _w4 ,b ! ,*ur* is immortal4 ,let ?is nev] be =gott540 ,g5]al ,kanzl] n[ br\ght ! intellig5ce t a brea* 0 made1 & ! assault on ! po9t ( comm5c+4 ,! ,pope hav+ conf]r$ a few mom5ts ap>t ) ,c>d9al ,antonelli1 resum$ 8 disc\rse3 8,i h j giv5 ! ord] to capitulate4 ,we might /ill def5d ourselves4 ,b to :at purpose8 ,ab&on$ by e "o1 ,i mu/ yield soon] or lat]2 & ,i mu/ n all[ any useless %$d+ ( blood4 ,y are my witnesses1 g5tlem51 t ! =eign] ent]s "h only by viol5ce1 & t if my door is =c$1 x is by break+ x op54 ,?is ! _w %all "k1 & hi/ory w tell x1 "o day1 to ! honor ( ! ,romans1 my *ildr54 ,i speak n ( myself1 g5tlem52 ,i weep n = myself1 b = ^? un=tunate "y m5 :o h come to def5d me z _! ,fa!r4 ,y w take c>e1 ea* ( y1 ( ^? ( y\r c\ntry4 ,!re are "s f all c\ntries4 ,i recomm5d !m all to y1 9 ord] t y may pres]ve !m f su* maltreatm5t z o!rs _h to suff] t5 ye>s ago4 ,i absolve my soldi]s f _! oa? ( fidelity4 ,i pray ,god to give me /r5g? & c\rage4 ,ah6 x is n !y :o suff] inju/ice t are mo/ to be piti$40 ,hav+ ?us spok51 he took leave ( ! ambassadors1 ) te>s 9 8 eyes4 ,on ! same day1 ,c>d9al ,antonelli1 by 8 ord]1 intimat$ ! sad tid+s to ! gov]nm5ts ( all civiliz$ nations4 ,pius ,,ix4 also prote/$ by an allocution to ! c>d9als4 ,x only rema9s to *ronicle ! %ameful violation ( ! treaty1 :i* b\nd ! ,fr5* nation to protect ! ,holy ,fa!r1 by ! gov]nm5t tempor>ily e/abli%$ 9 ,france4 8,! ,septemb] agreem5t10 wrote a repres5tative ( ! ,fr5* republic1 "u ! date ( #bbnd ,septemb]1 #ahgj1 8virtually ceases to exi/ by ! proclamation ( ! ,fr5* republic4 ,i congratulate ! ,k+ ( ,italy1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t & 9 my own "n1 on ! deliv]ance ( ,home & ! f9al consecration ( ,italian unity40 ,?us 0 disgrace add$ to ! mis=tunes ( a great c\ntry4 ,x 0 "s "t be=e ord] c\ld be re/or$ at ,rome4 ,f f\r ?\s& to five ?\s& vagrants & b&its1 *iefly ,g>ibaldians1 ent]$ ! city at ! heels ( ! invad+ =ce4 ,! prisons 7 ?r[n op51 & swell$ ! ranks ( ^! disord]ly b&s4 ,dur+ two :ole days t ^! lawless hordes 7 all[$ to commit all k9ds ( excesses1 h\ses 7 fir$1 valuable prop]ty de/roy$ or c>ri$ (f1 "s eighty un(f5d+ citiz5s put to dea?1 & su* ( ! ,roman soldi]s z 7 recogniz$ cut d[n or ?r[n into ! ,tib]4 ,nor 0 ! ,italian g5]al 9 any hurry to repress su* proce$+s4 8,lasciate il popolo sfog>sir10 coolly said ,cadorna to ! p>ties :o entreat$ him to put an end to su* horrors4 ,?is g5]al & ! m5 ) :om he act$ 7 only robb]s on a great] scale4 ,_! commission]s lo/ n a mom5t4 ,:5 tranquillity 0 some:at re/or$1 & compla9ts 7 made aga9/ h\sebreak]s1 x 0 f\nd t ev]y?+ 0 already confiscat$--libr>ies1 ar*ives1 colleges1 museums1 etc4 ,victor ,emmanuel _h ne$ ( ! mob :i* foll[$ 8 troops4 ,anxi\s to give a color+ ( "r to 8 brig&age1 he resolv$1 accord+ to ! fa%ion ( 8 ,imp]ial patron & accomplice1 to hold a plebiscitum4 ,9 ! city ( ,rome1 ) ! help ( 8 num]\s assemblage ( vagrants1 he _h =ty ?\s& votes1 :il/ aga9/ him !re 7 only =ty-six4 ,some?+ simil> 0 done 9 ! l&w>d "p ( ! ,roman ,/ate4 ,bett]1 surely1 no "r beyond :at ! sword c\ld give1 ?an su* a transp>5t semblance ( "r4 ,no wond] t ,victor ,emmanuel's be/ fri5ds condemn$ su* an impolitic & ridicul\s proce$+4 ,none c\ld be s simple z to believe t !re 7 only =ty-six vot]s aga9/ him1 :5 all ! num]\s (ficials1 bo? civil & milit>y1 prote/$ aga9/ 8 aggression by resign+ _! (fices4 ,x is bad en\gh :5 m5 9 au?ority play fanta/ic tricks4 ,:5 ! play is badly play$1 ! trick]y becomes ridicul\s4 ,x n[ rema9$ to adhibit ! seal ( p]man5cy to ! fait accompli4 ,?is 0 done by ! foll[+ decree3 ,art4 #a/4 ,rome & ! ,roman ,prov9ces con/itute an integral portion ( ! k+dom ( ,italy4 ,art4 #bnd4 ,! ,sov]eign ,pontiff reta9s ! dignity1 inviolability1 & all ! pr]ogatives ( a sov]eign4 ,art4 #crd4 ,a special law w sanction ! conditions calculat$ to gu>antee1 ev5 by t]ritorial fran*ises1 ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff & ! free ex]cise ( ! spiritual au?ority ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,?us 0 sacrific$ to ,italian unity ! city ( ! ,popes4 ,0 ! sacrifice ess5tial8 ,flor5ce might h well suffic$4 ,x 0 ( little avail t ! brig&s :o foll[$ ! ,pi$montese army 7 compell$1 by sup]ior p[]1 to mod]ate _! viol5ce4 ,_! robb]ies 71 = ! mo/ "p1 ( a private nature1 & committ$ on a small scale4 ,^? ( _! sup]iors--! ,pi$montese usurp]s--7 gr&] & m ext5sive4 ,!y a/oni%$1 if !y did n t]rify1 by _! magnitude & ! d>+ :i* a*iev$ !m4 ,!re 7 palaces at ,rome & soldi]s' qu>t]s :i* _h satisfi$ all ! requirem5ts ( ,papal gr&eur4 ,^! 7 no?+ to ! republican simplicity ( ! new ord] ( ?+s4 ,no d\bt ! p>liam5t :i* _h j arriv$ f ,flor5ce requir$ ample space4 ,! co/ly equipages & hunt+ /uds ( a con/itutional k+ 7 also to be provid$ =4 ,c\ld n all ?is h be5 done1 especially 9 su* a va/ city1 )\t expropriat+ conv5ts1 desecrat+ *ur*es1 & ev5 seiz+ = _! purposes ! refuges ( ! sick8 ,x 0 m ?an an idea t requir$ su* spoliation4 ,b :at %all we say :5 we call to m9d t ! m]e desire to mod]nize ev]y?+ ?reat5$ ! de/ruction ( all ^? monum5ts :i* r5d]$ ,rome s de> to travell]s f e clime8 ,x _h be5 hi!rto ! city ( ! ,consuls1 ( ! ,emp]ors1 ( ! ,popes4 ,x mu/ n[ become a commonplace t[n1 ) /raight l9es1 rectangles & p>allelograms1 l ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 or ! ,haussmaniz$ ,p>is ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,! ,royal ,palace ( ! ,popes1 ! ,quir9al1 0 unscrupul\sly seiz$1 9 ord] to make a city mansion = ! ,k+ ( ,italy4 ,x 0 too magnific5t1 app>5tly1 = ?is g5tleman pr9ce4 ,he seldom ent]$ x4 ,x may be t he dread$ (f5d+ ! revolution1 to :i* he ow$ s mu*1 by too great an affectation ( royal /yle4 ,if ! gratitude ( su* a he>tless ?+ c\ld be reli$ on1 he _h no ne$ to fe>4 ,)\t ! sword ( ,pi$mont ! revolution nev] c\ld h ent]$ ,rome4 ,mean:ile1 ! ,pope 0 engag$ 9 mo/ anxi\s delib]ation4 ,at la/1 consid]+ ! di/urb$ /ate ( ,europe g5]ally1 he conclud$ t x 0 bett] = him to rema9 at ,rome4 ,a ,pontifical %ip1 :i* _h n be5 includ$ 9 ! articles ( capitulation1 await$ 8 ord]s 9 ! wat]s ( ,civita ,vec*ia4 ,?is vessel 0 nam$ ! 8,immaculate ,conception20 & two ye>s lat]1 by ord] ( 8 ,hol9ess1 0 laid up at ,t\lon1 "u ! protection ( ! flag ( ,france4 ,a ,fr5* %ip1 ! 8,or5oque10 0 !n plac$ at ! disposal ( ,pius ,,ix41 9 case he %\ld wi%1 at any "t1 to leave ,rome3 & lat]1 ! 8,kleb]10 :i* 0 /ation$ 9 ! wat]s ( ,ba/ia 7,corsica74 ,! ,holy ,fa!r _h made up 8 m9d s e>ly z ! fir/ days ( ,septemb]1 #ahgj1 to rema9 9 ! city4 ,8 pres5ce1 he felt confid5t1 w\ld s f> prev5t ! evils :i* he fe>$4 ,if he 7 gone1 !re w\ld be less re/ra9t on ! usurp+ p[]1 :5 x might wi% to confiscate m conv5ts1 *ur*es & *ur* prop]ty g5]ally4 ,almo/ all ! =eign ambassadors rema9$ ) him2 & ?is circum/ance pres5t$ ano!r cause :y ! new gov]nm5t w\ld be m mod]ate & circumspect 9 its attacks on prop]ty4 ,a beautiful leg5d :i* ! ,holy ,fa!r rec\nt$1 at an int]view ) ,c>d9al ,de ,bonne*ose1 0 well calculat$ to reconcile ! ,ca?olic _w to ! /ay ( ,pius ,,ix4 at ,rome1 ev5 al?\gh he 0 !re z a prison] ( ! victori\s k+4 ,& a prison] he really 02 = he c\ld n h remov$ to any o!r c\ntry except by a successful /ratagem1 s closely gu>d$ 7 all ! approa*es to ! city by ! myrmidons ( ! conqu]or4 ,tak+ ! c>d9al aside1 he in=m$ him t he wi%$ to pres5t him ) a memorial4 8,! object 9 itself is ( little value4 ,! int5tion ) :i* ,i give x is all its wor?40 ,x 0 a small plate ( ivory1 fram$ 9 gold1 surm\nt$ by ! arms ( ! ,holy ,see1 & repres5t+ 9 ! mo/ exquisite mann] a mov+ sc5e 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,pet]4 8,y behold ! subject ( my frequ5t m$itations = _m ye>s4 ,:5 ! pr9ce ( ! apo/les1 flee+ f p]secution1 quitt$ ,rome1 he met1 n f> f ! gate ( ,sa9t ,seba/ian1 our ,"l ,himself1 c>ry+ ,8 cross & look+ extraord9>ily sad3 #8,dom9e quo radis8' #8,"l1 :]e are y go+8' exclaim$ ,pet]4 #8,i am go+ to ,rome1' repli$ our bless$ ,"l1 #8,9 ord] to be !re crucifi$ anew to die 9 y\r place1 z y\r c\rage has fail$ y4' 0 8,pet] und]/ood10 cont9u$ ! ,holy ,fa!r1 8& rema9$ at ,rome4 ,i also rema94 ,= if1 at ?is mom5t1 ,i left ! et]nal city1 x w\ld seem to me z if our ,"l address$ to me ! same words ( reproa*4 ,! repres5tation ( ?is sc5e ,i am anxi\s to leave ) y z a memorial4 ,x may1 9 reality1 be no?+ m ?an a pi\s leg5d4 ,b = me x 9 a decisive in/ruction40 ,pius ,,ix4 !n deliv]$ ! preci\s m$allion to ! c>d9al4 ,,gu>antees ,,:i* ,,gu>ante$ ,,no?+--#abj1jjj ,,) ,,:i* ,,no?+ ,,0 ,,paid--,,pet]',s ,,p5ce ,,:i* ,,paid ,,ev]y?+4 ,9 ord] to give a color+ to 8 usurpation 9 ! eyes ( ,*ri/ian ,europe1 & to set at re/ any scruples :i* may h rema9$ 9 ! m9ds ( 8 adh]5ts1 ,victor ,emmanuel caus$ a law to be enact$ on ! #ac? ,m>*1 #ahga1 :i* is kn[n z ! law ( gu>antees4 ,?is law decl>$ ! p]son ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff sacr$ & inviolable1 recogniz$ 8 title & dignity ( sov]eign1 assur$ to him an annual end[m5t ( #c1bbe1jjj francs 7#abj1jjj71 toge!r ) ! possession ( ! ,vatican & ,lat]an ,palaces1 z well z ! ,pontifical ,villa ( ,ca/el ,g&olfo1 & provid$ = ! complete lib]ty ( all future ,conclaves & cum5ical ,c\ncils4 ,x requires two p>ties to e contract or agreem5t4 ,! law ( gu>antees _h no su* condition1 ! ,holy ,fa!r n be+ a p>ty to x4 ,he c\ld n accept ! honors :i* ! new gov]nm5t pret5d$ to conf]1 nor ! money :i* x (f]$4 ,x 0 n a gov]nm5t by any o!r law ?an t ( ! sword--t ( a w> n only und]tak5 aga9/ ! un(f5d+1 b also 9 violation ( a solemn treaty4 ,nei!r 0 ! treasure :i* x pr(f]$ its rightful prop]ty4 ,x held x1 inde$2 b only z ! robb] holds ! purse ( 8 victim1 :il/ he mocks him by an (f] ( alms4 ,x 0 also ! m]e/ mock]y to pret5d to recognize ! ,pope z a sov]eign1 :il/1 9 reality1 he 0 deta9$ z a prison]1 :o c\ld n pass beyond ! gate ( 8 g>d5 )\t com+ into ! cu/ody ( ! arm$ police or soldi]y ( ! usurp]1 ,by ! provisions ( ?is same law ( gu>antees1 full lib]ty 0 secur$ to ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 spiritual (fice4 ,! p]secutions to :i* ! m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* 7 frequ5tly subject$1 :5 !y d>$ to obey ! ord]s ( ! ,pope 9 fulfill+ ! duties ( 8 & _! m9i/ry1 %[ to :at ext5t ! fram]s ( ! law 7 s9c]e4 ,x ne$ only be add$1 )\t fur!r comm5t1 t article eighte5 confiscat$1 by anticipation1 all ecclesia/ical prop]ties1 "u ! pret5ce t !y 7 to be reorganiz$1 pres]v$ & adm9i/]$4 ,no wond] t ! ,pope /igmatiz$ su* a law z hypocritical & iniquit\s4 ,9 ! supposition t he c\ld h d]iv$ any b5efit f accept+ x1 he w\ld /ill h be5 at ! m]cy ( a fickle k+ & p>liam5t1 to :om x 0 compet5t1 at any mom5t1 to *ange ! law :i* !y _h made4 ,! safety ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1 "u ,heav51 lay 9 ?is1 t ! newly erect$ k+dom ( ,victor ,emmanuel 0 mo/ ambiti\s to figure z a ,/ate among ! ,/ates ( ,europe4 ,to none ( ^! w\ld x h be5 pleas+ to see ! v5]able ,pontiff =cibly driv5 f ! city ( ! ,popes4 ,x 0 necess>y1 z f> z possible1 to bl9dfold !m4 8,i h1 inde$1 great ne$ ( money40 said ,pius ,,ix41 :5 ! sum appropriat$ by ! law ( gu>antees 0 fir/ pres5t$ = 8 acceptance2 8my *ildr51 ev]y:]e1 impose on !mselves ! mo/ s]i\s sacrifices 9 ord] to supply my wants1 at all times s great1 b to :i* y are daily add+4 ,z x is a portion ( ! prop]ty t has be5 /ol5 f me1 ,i c\ld only accept x z re/itution money4 ,i w nev] sign a receipt :i* w\ld appe> to express my acquiesc5ce 9 ! robb]y40 ,e succe$+ ye> ! =m1 or r ! f>ce1 ( (f]+ ! subsidy 0 r5ew$ & z (t5 reject$4 ,t ! (f] ( s l>ge a sum 0 hypocritical1 & int5d$ only = %[1 is well prov$ by ! circum/ance t ! lib]al ,italian gov]nm5t depriv$ ( _! incomes & drove f _! places ( resid5ce _m bi%ops1 ^: wants 7 suppli$ 9 _! great di/ress f ! res\rces ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,love is /rong] ?an hate2 & s well-belov$ 0 ,pius ,,ix4 ?r\gh\t ,ca?olic ,*ri/5dom1 t contributions ( money f e c\ntry :]e !re 7 any ,ca?olics 7 p\r$ into 8 treasury1 9 su* abundance z m ?an comp5sat$ = ! loss ( 8 ,italian rev5ue4 ,n only 7 ^! contributions1 "u ! "n ( ,pet]'s p5ce1 suffici5t to ma9ta9 ! v5]able ,pontiff dur+ ! rema9d] ( 8 days1 )\t its be+ necess>y to accept1 z a royal b5efaction1 any portion ( ! prop]ty t 0 /ol5 f him1 !y also suffic$ to enable him to cont9ue _! sal>ies to 8 =m] employees1 :o _h almo/ all rema9$ fai?ful1 z well z to ^? /ill requir$ = 8 s]vice & = transact+ ! bus9ess ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 addition to ?is1 he reta9$ on half or qu>t] pay a numb] ( ! soldi]s ( 8 =m] army1 & ma9ta9$ 8 e/abli%m5t ( ,vigna ,pia1 toge!r ) ! hospital ( ,tata ,giovanni1 f :i* ! new ,roman municipality _h meanly )drawn ! subsidy1 = no o!r reason ?an t 9 =m] times x _h be5 a favorite in/itution ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,?is 0 n all4 ,! ,holy ,pontiff ma9ta9$1 by means ( popul> s*ools1 a necess>y w>f>e aga9/ bo? ,prote/ant & ,a!i/ic propag&ism4 ,! =m] _h be5 v active ev] s9ce ! occupation ( ,rome by ! ,pi$montese4 ,! v>i\s ,prote/ant societies actually sp5t #ajj1jjj ye>ly 9 ! va9 attempt to ,prote/antize ! ,romans4 ,by #a/ ,janu>y1 #ahge1 !y _h erect$ ?ree *ur*es & f\nd$ twelve mission>y resid5ces 9 ! int]e/ ( div]s d5om9ations--,anglicans1 ,me?odi/s1 ,am]ican ,episcopalians1 ,vaudois1 ,bapti/s1 ,anabapti/s1 etc4 ,! ,italians h little ta/e = ,prote/antism 9 any ( its =ms4 ,s !re 0 no dang] ( discordant & j>r+ sects com+ to prevail4 ,x _c be d5i$1 h[ev]1 t ! movem5t increas$ ! numb] ( free-?9k]s--a result no less calculat$ to afflict ?o ,holy ,fa!r4 ,:5 to ^! exp5ses are add$ ^? ( su/a9+ ! ,sacr$ ,college1 ! prelature1 ! gu>ds1 ! museums1 & bi%ops t 7 exil$ = ! fai?1 !re is %[n a mon?ly exp5diture ( m ?an six hundr$ ?\s& francs1 :i* is equal to sev5 millions & a half ye>ly4 ,^! exp5ses always increas$ z ! eld] bi%ops pass$ away4 ,pius ,,ix4 appo9t$ successors4 ,b z none ( ^! c\ld1 9 consci5ce1 ask ! royal exequatur1 :i*1 not)/&+ article sixte5 ( ! notori\s gu>antees1 0 /ill 9 =ce1 ,victor ,emmanuel _h no hesitation 9 suppress+ ! rev5ues ( ! bi%ops4 ,pius ,,ix4 s5t to ! bi%ops :o 7 ?us depriv$ ( _! legitimate incomes five hundr$ francs mon?ly1 & to ar*bi%ops f sev5 hundr$ to "o ?\s& francs4 ,he also labor$ to e/abli% f\ndations = ! education ( ecclesia/ical /ud5ts :om a revolution>y & anti-,*ri/ian law made subject to milit>y s]vice1 ?us r5d]+ morally impossible ! foll[+ out ( cl]ical vocations & ! recruit+ ( ! prie/hood4 ,f ?is & su* l proce$+s1 x c easily be se5 t ! revolution>y regime1 & ! ,italian gov]nm5t 0 no?+ less1 aim$ at ! extirpation ( ,*ri/ianity1 & t civilization1 ! only possible civilization :i* foll[s 9 its tra94 ,mis=tune1 mean:ile1 0 n neglect$ by ! ,holy ,pontiff4 ,he s5t ve/m5ts to ! *ur*es ( ,p>is :i* _h be5 pillag$ by ! ,commune4 ,he provid$1 habitually1 9 l mann]1 = ! *ur*es ( poor & remote missions4 ,9 ,july1 #ahge1 he s5t tw5ty ?\s& francs to ! p :o _h suff]$ by inundations 9 ! s\?we/ ( ,france1 & five ?\s& francs to su* z _h simil>ly suff]$ at ,brescia1 9 ,upp] ,italy4 ,he be/[$1 likewise1 l>ge sums = ! rebuild+ ( *ur*es--= in/ance1 eight hundr$ francs = ?is pi\s purpose to ! ,bi%op ( ,s>s9a1 & two ?\s& to ! ,bi%op ( ,osimo4 ,*>itable in/itutions 7 n ov]look$1 & ! ,pr9cess ,rospigliosi ,*ampigny de ,cadore receiv$ fifty ?\s& francs t[>ds ! support ( ! h\se ( ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal51 ! object ( :i* 0 ! pres]vation ( "y wom5 9 ! city ( ,rome4 ,z reg>d$ works ( art or ( public utility1 ! v5]able ,pontiff 0 no less munific5t4 ,he complet$ ! re/oration ( ! ,*ur* ( ,sa9t ,ange 9 ,pes*i]a1 toge!r ) ! magnific5t contigu\s portico call$ ,octavia1 & rebuilt ! alt> ) ! m>bles f\nd by ,visconti 9 ! emporium ( ! ,emp]ors4 ,! tomb ( 8 illu/ri\s pr$ecessor ,gregory ,,vii41 at ,sal]no1 hav+ become dilapidat$1 he und]took to re/ore x at 8 own co/1 & r5ew$ ! f9e epitaph :i* ,pope ,gregory himself _h caus$ to be engrav$ on ! sepul*ral /one2 ,dil]i ju/itiam et odici iniquitatem1 et ecce 9 exilio mortor4 7,i lov$ righte\sness & hat$ iniquity1 & lo6 ,i die 9 exile47 ,q a numb] ( p 7 employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( mosaics at ! ,vatican4 ,on ?is ! ,romans ju/ly prid$ !mselves4 ,pius ,,ix4 cont9u$ to employ ^! arti/s1 &1 z 9 =m] times1 pres5t$ _! works to 8 gue/s or to ! *ur*es ( ,italy4 ,if he 0 n /ill a k+1 he reta9$1 at lea/1 a truly royal pr]ogative--t ( conf]r+ gifts 9 e way wor?y ( royalty4 ,no?+ c\ld exce$ ! delicacy & graci\sness ) :i* he did s4 ,( ?is ! two ,russian ,gr& ,dukes1 bro!rs ( ! reign+ ,emp]or1 7 witnesses1 :5 he made a pres5t to !m ( a spl5did table1 9 mosaic1 :i* !y 7 obs]v$ to admire among ! m humble furniture ( 8 ap>tm5t4 ,! funds mu/ h be51 inde$1 abundant :i* c\ld meet s _m dem&s4 ,al?\gh despoil$ ( 8 rev5ues & prop]ty1 ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 a ri*] mon>* ?an ! pr9ce :o robb$ him4 ,s lib]ally 7 ,pet]'s p5ce be/[$ & s economically manag$1 t ,pius ,,ix4 0 able to inve/ money = ! b5efit ( 8 successor1 al?\gh n to su* an ext5t z to r5d] ! collection ( ,pet]'s p5ce 9 ! future unnecess>y4 ,x has long be5 cu/om>y1 on occasion ( ! augu/ c]emony ( ! coronation ( ! ,popes1 to address to !m1 ) due solemnity1 ! words3 ,annos ,petri tu non ridebis4 7,?\ wilt n see ! ye>s ( ,pet]47 ,x is relat$ t "o ( ! ,popes ?us repli$ to ! om9\s address3 ,non e/ de fide4 7,t is no article ( fai?47 ,pius ,,ix41 h[ev]1 0 ! fir/ :o %[$ t ! words 7 n /rictly prophetic4 ,8 ,pontificate 0 prolong$ beyond ! ye>s ( ,pet] at ,rome4 ,already1 on ! #aj? ( ,june1 #ahga1 :5 he 0 enabl$ to celebrate ! tw5ty-fif? anniv]s>y ( 8 election to ! ,pontifical *air1 he _h enjoy$ m ?an ! ye>s ( ,pet]4 ,! great apo/le1 x w be rememb]$1 sp5t two ye>s aft] our ,"l's asc5sion 9 prea*+ ! ,gospel at ,j]usalem & ?r\gh\t ,judea4 ,aft] ?is1 ,antio*1 at ! "t ! capital ( ! ,ea/]n _w1 became ! sc5e ( 8 apo/olic labors4 ,he 0 bi%op !re = sev5 ye>s :5 he e/abli%$ ! c5tral seat ( ,*ri/5dom at ,rome1 ! metropolis ( ! kn[n _w4 ,! apo/le rema9$ !re till 8 m>tyrdom "u ,n]o1 ,a4 ,d4 #fg4 ,?us1 ,pet] 0 ,pope ?irty-f\r ye>s or s1 :il/ he 0 ,bi%op ( ,rome only tw5ty-five ye>s & "s days4 ,a fe/ival at ,rome c\ld n n[ be held ) ! wont$ circum/ance ( outw>d religi\s pomp4 ,! rem>kable anniv]s>y 0 n1 h[ev]1 less dev\tly obs]v$ at ! ,basilicas ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,john ,lat]an4 ,^! imm5se edifices 7 cr[d$ ) p ( all classes & ( e age4 ,nor 9 ?is did ! ,romans /& alone4 ,pray]s & communions 7 (f]$ up 9 e diocese ( ! _w1 supplicat+ ,heav5 = a cont9uation ( ! ye>s :i* _h be5 already s auspici\sly grant$ to ! v5]able ,pontiff4 ,m ?an a ?\s& congratulatory messages 7 fla%$ along ! telegraph l9es4 ,all ! sov]eigns ( ,europe1 ) sc>cely an exception1 paid _! dutiful complim5ts to ,pius ,,ix42 ! telegram ( ,que5 ,victoria be+ ! fir/ t rea*$ him4 ,f ! ,new ,_w z well z f ! ,old !re came num]\s deputations4 ,"o day1 9 reply+ to !m1 ! ,holy ,fa!r deliv]$ no few] ?an twelve disc\rses 9 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 ,spani% & ,italian4 ,to _m ( ! addresses 0 app5d$ a s+ul>ly great numb] ( signatures4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,nev]s pres5t$ "o ) two millions ( names4 ,a few days lat]1 #bj? ,septemb]1 ! ,holy ,fa!r _h to lam5t ! dea? ( 8 bro!r1 ,c\nt ,gaetano ,ma/ai4 ,s little1 h[ev]1 0 8 grief respect$ by ,victor ,emmanuel & 8 gov]nm5t1 t _! cannon 7 he>d boom+ joy\sly 9 honor ( ! viol5t occupation ( ! city4 ,all ,rome 0 indignant4 ,patrician & plebeian1 all citiz5s alike1 ha/5$ to ! ,vatican1 prote/+ & pres5t+ addresses ( condol5ce4 ,! ,ri=ma 7a ,roman j\rnal7 said1 on ! occasion3 8,aft] two ye>s' soj\rn ,italy 0 /ill z mu* a /rang] z on ! fir/ day1 s t !re 0 no appe>ance ( fri5dl9ess1 b r ( a city t /ill groan$ "u a milit>y occupation1 :i* x bore ) ! greate/ impati5ce40 ,,m ,,spoliation ,,& ,,desecration--,,no ,,reconciliation4 ,robb]y1 :olesale & sacrilegi\s1 0 n[ ! ord] ( ! day at ,rome4 ,?r\gh\t ! city conv5ts 7 clos$ & seque/rat$1 libr>ies 7 confiscat$1 & (t5 dilapidat$ 9 transf]r+ !m f "o place to ano!r4 ,religi\s m5 & religi\s wom5 7 driv5 f _! homes & brutally se>*$ on _! ?re%olds le/ !y %\ld c>ry away ) !m any?+ t belong$ to !m4 ,^! religi\s p obta9$1 e mon?1 z indemnification1 tw5ty-five c5times ea* daily1 & ! ag$ =ty c5times2 b !y 7 paid only :5 ! treasury 0 9 a condition to pay !m1 & ?is 0 n ! case e mon?4 ,! poor & ! infirm1 no long] su/a9$ by ,ca?olic *>ity1 encumb]$ ! hospitals or 7 associat$ ) ! knights ( indu/ry1 :o sw>m$ f ! prisons ( ,italy4 ,x 0 9 va9 t ! police 7 d\bl$4 ,robb]ies increas$ 9 ! same proportion4 ,! p 9 su* circum/ances c\ld n b ask !mselves :at sacrifices 7 laid ^u himself by ! usurp+ k+1 :o 0 n[ ! ma/] ( ! doma9s ( six ,italian pr9ces :o _h nev] all[$ _! subjects to g )\t bread4 ,be=e ! end ( ! ye> #ahgc1 ! numb] ( religi\s h\ses t 7 tak51 9 :ole or 9 "p1 f _! legitimate proprietors1 0 ov] "o hundr$4 ,! int]v5tion ( diplomacy sav$ = a "t ! ,roman ,college1 :i* 0 ess5tially int]national & n ,roman1 z =m]ly no cl]ks ( ! city ( ,rome c\ld att5d x1 & z x 0 end[$ solely by =eign k+s & b5efactors4 ,! ,italian gov]nm5t cons5t$1 n1 inde$1 to r5\nce1 b only to /ay ?is new spoliation4 ,x claim$ all ! m cr$it = its pret5d$ mod]ation1 z x secretly caus$ ! newspap]s 9 its int]e/ to in/igate x to li/5 to no t]ms4 ,by means ( its g5sd'armes & its police =ce1 x 0 ma/] ( ! secret societies1 & all[$ !m to raise a cry )\t all[+ !m to act1 :il/ x *ose its own "t = ! execution ( its wick$ purposes4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 deeply griev$ :5 behold+ s _m evil de$s :i* he c\ld n prev5t4 ,8 sorr[ f\nd expression 9 "o ( 8 allocutions1 t ( #a/ ,janu>y1 #ahgc3 8,y are come10 said he1 to p>ties :o _h come to complim5t him on ,new ,ye>s day1 8f div]s di/ant l&s 9 ord] to (f] me y\r congratulations & wi% me a happy new ye>4 ,! pa/ ye>1 alas6 is f> f hav+ be5 a happy "o4 ,society is a/ray 9 evil c\rses4 ,!re are p :o ?9k t peace prevails at ,rome1 & t matt]s are n s bad !re z is said4 ,"s /rang]s1 on arriv+ 9 ! city1 ev5 ask = c>ds ( admission to religi\s c]emonies4 ,i am p]suad$ t ?is ye> also ! same reque/ w be made z reg>ds ! celebrations ( holy week4 ,s long z ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s cont9ues1 alas6 !re c be no su* celebrations4 ,! ,*ur* is 9 m\rn+4 ,rome has lo/ its "* ( capital ( ! ,*ri/ian _w--s _m horrible de$s are done1 s _m blasphemies utt]$4 ,let u besee* ! ,"l to put an end to su* a pa9ful /ate ( ?+s40 ,victor ,emmanuel1 not)/&+ 8 extraord9>y proce$+s1 appe>s to h ?\ght t !re might be a reconciliation ) ! ,pope4 ,! ,emp]or ( ,brazil1 a man ( sci5ce & a celebrat$ travell]1 !n at ,rome1 accept$ ! (fice ( m$iator4 ,"o morn+1 9 ! ye> #ahgb1 ! ,brazilian mon>* repair$ to ! ,vatican4 ,! h\r ( 8 visit 0 inopportune1 z its object also prov$ to be4 ,x 0 sev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r _h n yet f9i%$ 8 ,mass :5 ! ,emp]or 0 ann\nc$4 ,z soon z 0 possible 8 ,hol9ess proce$$ to receive him4 ,:e!r fe>+ "s design1 or f dislike only to meet a pr9ce :o came f ! ho/ile usurp]'s c\rt1 ,pius ,,ix41 ) an unusual coldness ( mann]1 address$ ! ,emp]or3 8,:at does y\r ,maje/y desire80 8,i beg y\r ,hol9ess w n call me ,maje/y4 ,"h1 ,i am only ! ,c\nt ( ,alcant>a40 ,! ,holy ,fa!r !n1 )\t %[+ ! lea/ emotion1 said to him3 8,my de> ,c\nt1 :at d y desire80 8,i am come1 y\r ,hol9ess1 9 ord] to ask t y w all[ me to introduce to y ! ,k+ ( ,italy40 ,at ^! words ! ,pontiff rose f 8 seat1 &1 look+ indignantly at ! ,emp]or1 said to him ) mu* firmness3 8,x is q useless to hold su* language4 ,let ! ,k+ ( ,pi$mont abjure 8 misde$s & re/ore to me my ,/ates4 ,i w !n cons5t to receive him4 ,b n till !n40 ,,creation ,,( ,,c>d9als--,,audi5ces ,,& ,,allocutions--,,! ,,pope ,,really ,a ,,prison]--,,! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,wales--,,engl&--,,irel&4 ,a creation ( c>d9als 0 necess>y4 ,!re 7 tw5ty-n9e vacant hats4 ,t[>ds ! close ( #ahgc ,pius ,,ix4 resolv$ on twelve new creations4 ,"o ( ^! became ! occasion ( prote/+ anew aga9/ ! ,italian gov]nm5t4 ,! ,society ( ,jesuits _h always be5 a special object ( its hatr$4 ,!y 7 ! fir/ :om x expell$ f ,rome1 z has be5 ! case 9 m ?an "o p]secution4 ,& n[ !y 7 robb$1 not)/&+ ! hopes t ! ,european ambassadors 7 l$ to ent]ta9 ( ! ,roman ,college :i* 0 _! prop]ty4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r met ?is new brig&age by rais+ a memb] ( ! society to ! dignity ( c>d9al4 ,t>qu9i1 pr(essor ( canon law at ! ,sapi5za 7,roman ,college71 0 ! favor$ memb]4 ,?us did ! despoil$ ,pontiff condemn ! ignorance & rebuke ! robb]y ( ! new rul]s ( ,rome4 8,i am aw>e10 said ,pius ,,ix4 on ?is occasion1 8t ! ,jesuits d n will+ly accept ecclesia/ical dignities4 ,i _h n1 !re=e1 ?\ght1 until n[1 ( conf]r+ ! purple on any ( _! memb]s4 ,b ! unju/ acts f :i* y\r society is suff]+ at ?is mom5t h det]m9$ me4 ,x appe>$ to me to be necess>y t ,i %\ld make kn[n 9 ?is way :at ,i ?9k ( ! ignorant calumnies ( :i* y are ! victims1 & at ! same "t give pro( to y\rself & y\r bre?r5 ( my e/eem & fri5d%ip40 ,if1 ev] s9ce ! viol5t seizure ( ,rome1 x 0 cu/om>y to speak ( ! ,pope z 8! prison] ( ! ,vatican10 8 enemies1 on ! o!r h&1 ceas$ n to insi/ t he 0 p]fectly free1 :il/ he ob/9ately p]si/$ 9 rema9+ )9 ! walls ( 8 palace4 ,x has be5 notic$ already t e approa* to ,rome & ! ,vatican 0 /rictly gu>d$ by ! soldi]s ( ! usurp+ k+4 ,a circum/ance :i* occurr$ on ! ev5+ ( ! #bj? ,june1 #ahgd1 fur!r %[$ h[ close ! imprisonm5t 04 ,x 0 ! tw5ty-eigh? anniv]s>y ( ! coronation ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,te ,deum 0 celebrat$ 9 ! ,vatican ,basilica1 &1 :at r>ely happ5s1 ! spaci\s edifice 0 completely fill$4 ,m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& p1 z ne>ly z c\ld be e/imat$1 or two-?irds ( all ! ,romans :o 7 able to leave _! h\ses1 7 mass$ z well )9 ! *ur* z on ! places ,/4 ,pet] & ,ri/icucci4 ,:5 ,te ,deum 0 ov]1 all eyes in/9ctively turn$ t[>ds a w9d[ ( ! second /ory ( ! palace4 ,x 0 ! w9d[ ( ! ,pope's ap>tm5t4 ,sudd5ly a :ite figure appe>$ at ?is w9d[1 & imm$iately a cry arose f bel[4 ,x 0 ! voice ( ! ,roman citiz5s2 a voice s gr& t x might be said to express ! m9d ( a :ole p1 z !y salut$ _! k+1 :o 0 a prison]4 ,x cont9u$ = "s "t1 &1 al?\gh ! w9d[ 0 at once clos$1 ! prolong$ acclamation ( ! fai?ful ,romans rose l\d] & l\d]1 until ! ,pi$montese troops came on ! gr\nd & swept away ! cr[d4 ,! p dep>t$ )\t mak+ any resi/ance4 ,! police1 nev]!less1 arre/$ "s twelve p]sons1 ( :om six 7 ladies ( ! be/ society ( ,rome4 ,^! ladies 7 at once set at lib]ty4 ,b f\r "y m5 ( ! numb] ( ^? arre/$ 7 deta9$ & aft]w>ds condemn$1 "o ( !m to two ye>s1 & ! re/ to sev]al mon?s' imprisonm5t1 = hav+ cri$1 8,long live ! ,pontiff-,k+40 ,?is crime !y pret5d$ n to d5y4 ,c\ld x be d\bt$ any long] t ! ,pope 0 a prison]8 ,x 0 n only on moral gr\nds t he c\ld n leave ! ,vatican4 ,!re 7 also bayonets & fire-arms betwe5 him & ! ne>e/ /reets ( ,rome4 ,x 0 only 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #ahge t ,pius ,,ix4 c\ld no long] refra9 f visit+ ! ,basilica ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,he _h n be5 )9 x = f\r ye>s & a half4 ,e necess>y precaution 0 obs]v$ on occasion ( 8 visit4 ,! gates ( ! temple 7 kept %ut1 & none 7 pres5t b memb]s ( ! *apt] & "s o!r p]sons requir$ = ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r ent]$ by ! /air :i* =ms direct communication betwe5 8 palace & ! holy place4 ,z may well be und]/ood1 he pray$ = "s "t ) 8 accu/om$ e>ne/ness1 t x w\ld please ,god to put an end to ! evils by :i* ! ,*ur* 0 s sorely afflict$4 ,pius ,,ix4 0 indefatigable 9 giv+ audi5ces & receiv+ deputations f e c\ntry :]e !re 7 memb]s ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,on su* occasions he nev] fail$ to speak words ( edification & enc\ragem5t4 ,x 0 ev5 said t he spoke too mu*4 ,!y 7 n1 h[ev]1 ( ! numb] ( 8 fri5ds :o call him il ,papa v]boso4 ,he 0 end[$ ) a wond]ful gift ( spee*1 & he always us$ x effectively4 ,8 disc\rses 7 inv>iably to ! purpose1 ! subject ( !m be+ sugge/$ by ! mo/ rec5t ev5ts1 by ! nationality ( 8 visitors1 or by ! express$ pi\s int5tions :i* br\ght !m to 8 pres5ce4 ,he made allusion v (t5 to ! ,gospel ( ! prec$+ ,sunday1 or to ! fe/ival ( ! day1 & conclud$ by imp>t+ 8 b5$iction1 :i* 8 he>]s always receiv$ kneel+1 & seldom )\t te>s4 ,! addresses ( ,pius ,,ix4 deliv]$ at ! ,vatican h be5 pres]v$ by ! /5ographic art1 & fill _m volumes4 ,8 ideas sometimes f\nd expression 9 conv]sations ) di/+ui%$ visitors4 ,su* 0 ! case on occasion ( ! visit1 9 #ahgb1 ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 ! heir app>5t ( ! ,briti% ,cr[n4 ,8 ,royal ,highness %[$ 8 good ta/e by decl9+ ! use ( ,victor ,emmanuel's equipages 9 com+ to ! ,vatican4 ,! ,pr9cess also made manife/ h] respect = ! well-kn[n s5tim5ts ( ,pius ,,ix4 9 reg>d to %[y toilettes by appe>+ 9 a pla9 dress4 ,!re 0 a /rik+ contra/ betwe5 ! placid old man1 s ne> ! close ( 8 c>e]1 & ! h&some "y c\ple1 9 ! fl[] ( _! age4 ,! ,pr9ce & ! ,pope appe>$ delight$ at meet+2 & ! eyes ( ! ,pr9cess1 :o look$ alt]nately at ! animat$ figure ( h] husb& & ! b5evol5t c\nt5ance ( ! v5]able ,pontiff1 7 suffus$ ) te>s4 ,! ,pope began ! conv]sation by express+ 8 great admiration = ! "*1 bo? public & private1 ( ! ,que5 ( ,great ,brita92 & smil+ expressively1 & n )\t a slight degree ( ,italian irony1 he ?ank$ ! ,briti% m9i/]s :o1 m ?an once1 _h (f]$ him1 9 ! "n ( ! ,que51 an asylum on ,briti% t]ritory4 8,y see1 ,pr9ce1 ,i h n left ,rome q z soon z "s ( y\r /atesm5 suppos$ ,i w\ld40 ,! ,holy ,fa!r !n allud$ to ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s1 add+3 8,9 my pres5t condition ,i am assur$ly m happy ?an ^? :o consid] !mselves m ! ma/]s ( ,rome ?an myself4 ,i h no fe> = my dyna/y4 ,x is p[]fully protect$4 ,god ,himself is its gu>dian4 ,he also looks to my succession & my family4 ,y are n unaw>e t ^! are no o!r ?an ! ,*ur*4 ,i c speak )\t (f5ce to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales ( ! in/ability ( ,royal ,h\ses1 t :i* he repres5ts be+ firmly an*or$ 9 ! affections ( a wise p40 8,i am delight$10 repli$ ! ,pr9ce1 smil+ expressively1 8to f9d t y\r ,hol9ess has s good an op9ion ( our p40 8,yes1 inde$1 ,i respect ! ,engli% p10 cont9u$ ! ,holy ,fa!r1 8because !y are m truly religi\s1 bo? z reg>ds feel+ & conduct1 ?an _m :o call !mselves ,ca?olics4 ,:51 "o day1 !y %all return to ! fold1 ) :at joy w we n welcome t flock :i* is a/ray1 b n lo/60 ,! ,pr9ce & ,pr9cess1 be+ r incr$ul\s1 receiv$ ?is b5evol5t aspiration ) a good-natur$ smile4 8,oh6 my *ildr510 resum$ ! ,pontiff1 8! future has 9 /ore = mank9d ! mo/ /range surprises4 ,:o c\ld h imag9$1 two ye>s ago1 t we %\ld see a ,prussian army 9 ,france8 ,i hesitate n to say t y\r able/ /atesm5 expect$ soon] to see ! ,pope at ,malta ?an ,napoleon ,,iii4 9 ,engl&4 ,z reg>ds myself1 y w obs]ve ,i am1 inde$1 robb$ ( my ,/ates1 b ,god1 :o1 at any mom5t1 )draws ! possessions ( ?is _w1 c also re/ore !m a hundr$-fold4 ,is ! dyna/y ( ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 on ?is acc\nt1 less secure8 ,i may1 = a "t1 be driv5 f ,rome4 ,b :5 y\r *ildr5 & gr&*ildr5 %all come to visit ! holy city1 !y w see1 z y see to-day--let ! temporal p[] be m or less consid]able--an old man1 clo!d 9 :ite1 po9t+ ! way to heav5 = ! good ( hundr$s ( millions ( human consci5ces4 ,to comp5sate = ! abs5ce ( subjects imm$iately ar\nd him1 he w h devot$ adh]5ts at all times & ev]y:]e40 ,! conv]sation turn+ on ,irel&1 ! ,holy ,fa!r spoke 9 ! w>me/ t]ms ( ! fidelity ( ! ,ca?olics ( t c\ntry4 8,y "k1 ,pr9ce1 ! results ( p]secution4 ,x does n make u any m ,ca?olics4 ,y\r ,royal ,"m foll[s a policy q diff]5t f t ( h] pr$ecessors1 9 reg>d to ,irel&1 & y are1 l h]1 aw>e t good ,ca?olics are always good subjects40 ,t c\ntry1 ! ,pope cont9u$ to obs]ve1 _h ne$ ( ! vigilant & en]getic sup]9t5d5ce ( its devot$ prelates1 :om he prais$ 9 ! highe/ t]ms4 8,=10 said he1 8! wolf--,i d n mean ,prote/antism--b ! wolf ( an>*y & infidelity is abroad1 ,i fe>1 9 ! regions ( ! ,we/40 ,he ref]r$ to ! organization call$ 8! ,int]national10 & express$ 8 a/oni%m5t t 8any pr9ces %\ld be /ill s bl9d z to take pleasure 9 mak+ w> on ! ,*ur*1 at a p]iod :5 ! f\ndations ( civil society 7 ?reat5$ on e side40 ,! *ief cause ( ! ,holy ,fa!r's grief & poignant sorr[1 "u 8 calamities1 0 ! loss ( s\ls4 8,ah60 said he1 9 a conv]sation ) ,mgr4 ,lang5ieux1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,rheims1 8,i c\ld be> my mis=tunes c\rage\sly1 & ,god w\ld give me /r5g? to )/& ! evils :i* afflict ! ,*ur*4 ,b !re is "o ?+ ,i _c =give ^? :o p]secute u4 ,!y eradicate ! fai? ( my p--!y kill ! s\ls ( ! *ildr5 ( un=tunate ,italy40 ,! ,pontiff1 z he utt]$ ^! words1 mov$ 8 h& t[>ds 8 brea/1 & z 8 f+]s ruffl$ 8 :ite robe1 he exclaim$1 9 a tone t 0 truly he>tr5d+3 8,!y te> away my he>t60 8,x 0 sublime10 adds ! ar*bi%op1 8! great s\l ( ! ,pope subdu$ u1 &1 at ! same "t1 inspir$ u ) light & =titude40 ,,relations ,,( ,,pius ,,ix4 ,,) ,,=eign ,,/ates--,,switz]l&--,,g]many4 ,! p>ty 9 ,europe :o desir$ ! suppression ( ! ,pope's temporal rule pr(ess$ to be actuat$ by zeal = promot+ a m free & useful ex]cise ( 8 spiritual au?ority4 ,x soon became manife/ t ?is 0 ! m]e/ %am4 ,switz]l&1 guid$ by t n>r[ k9d ( ,prote/antism :i* has s (t5 ass]t$ its p[]1 pret5d$ to see only 9 ! ,pope ! ,*ief ( ! small ,roman ,/ate2 :5 depriv$ ( t ,/ate1 he 0 no long] a pr9ce or dignit>y1 ) :om diplomatic relations c\ld be held4 ,8 legate at ,b]ne1 accord+ly1 0 in=m$ t he mu/ take 8 dep>ture f ! t]ritory ( ! ,swiss ,conf$]ation4 ,x is well und]/ood t ?is ungraci\s measure 0 secretly advis$ & promot$ by ,g]many4 ,t ,p[] spe$ily foll[$ ! example1 al?\gh n at fir/ 9 a v direct or op5 way4 ,! ,g]man m9i/ry appo9t$ to ! ,embassy ( ! ,vatican ,c>d9al ,hoh5lohe1 ! only "o ( ! c>d9als :o prov$ unfai?ful to ,pius ,,ix4 9 ! h\r ( 8 great di/ress4 ,! ,pope remon/rat$ aga9/ ! appo9tm5t4 ,! inflexible ,prussian m9i/]1 ,bism>ck1 repli$ t he w\ld s5d no o!r1 susp5d$ & f9ally aboli%$ diplomatic relations betwe5 ! new ,empire & ! ,holy ,see4 ,x is by no means matt] = surprise t a man ( ,pr9ce ,bism>ck's views & "* %\ld h s act$1 or ev5 t he %\ld h become ! promot] ( ! greate/ & mo/ unw>rantable p]secution by :i* any nation has be5 disgrac$1 or to :i* any portion ( ! ,*ur* has be5 subject$ 9 mod]n times4 ,?is m9i/]1 :o may be truly describ$ z ! political sc\rge ( ,g]many1 is z fanatical 9 religion z he is co>se & sceptical 9 politics4 ,he ab&on$ 8 p>ty1 & became1 or feign$ to become1 a lib]al 9 ord] to gratify 8 hatr$ ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,he belongs to t bran* ( ,prote/antism :i* is call$ 8or?odox0 7lucus a non luc5do74 ,on occasion ( ! debate1 #ad? ,april1 #ahgd1 on ! law :i* )drew ! sal>ies ( ! ,ca?olic cl]gy1 a ,prote/ant cons]vative memb] ( ! repres5tative body1 ,c\nt de ,malrahn1 decl>$ t he w\ld vote = ?is law1 because x w\ld affect only ! ,ca?olics1 )\t int]f]+ ) ! rights ( ! ,evangelical d5om9ation4 ,bism>ck1 by 8 reply1 n only %[$ an utt] abs5ce ( all political fai?1 b at ! same "t a degree ( political hypocrisy ) :i* all true hi/ory w nev] cease to /igmatize him4 8,i mu/ express ! great joy :i* ,i exp]i5ce on he>+ ! decl>ation ( ! prec$+ speak]4 ,if1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! religi\s conflict1 ! cons]vatives _h tak5 ?is gr\nd1 & su/a9$ ! gov]nm5t 9 ! "n ( ! ,evangelical religion1 ,i nev] w\ld h be5 "u ! necessity ( sep>at+ f ! ,cons]vative p>ty40 ,f ,*ancellor ,bism>ck's own words1 !re=e1 x may be conclud$ t x 0 excessive sect>ian fanaticism :i* made him an infidel & hypocrite 9 politics1 a traitor to 8 p>ty1 & a savage p]secutor ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:5 !re 0 "q 9 ,decemb]1 #ahgd1 ( obta9+ an act = ! suppression ( ! ,prussian legation to ! ,holy ,see1 ! deep-root$ hatr$ ( ,pr9ce ,bism>ck & 8 absolute want ( consci5ce became /ill m app>5t4 ,he audaci\sly accus$ ! ,c\rt ( ,rome ( hav+ be5 ! ally ( ,france1 & ev5 ( ! revolution 9 ! w> aga9/ ,prussia 9 #ahgj4 ,he pret5d$ t if ! cum5ical ,c\ncil 0 clos$ abruptly1 x 0 9 ord] to leave complete lib]ty ( action to ,napoleon ,,iii42 &1 z facts 7 necess>y 9 ord] to support ?is extraord9>y & false ass]tion1 he ascrib$ to ,monsignor ,meglia1 at ! "t nuncio at ,muni*1 ! words1 8,our only hope is 9 ! revolution40 ,z ! *ancellor utt]$ ?is odi\s calumny1 he sudd5ly took ill4 ,he became pale1 /amm]$1 & _h rec\rse1 f\r or five times1 to a glass ( wat]1 :i* 0 beside him1 9 ord] to recov] 8 spirits & f9d ! words :i* he %\ld use4 ,! :ole p>liam5t 0 /ruck ) ?is incid5t4 ,! ,abbe ,majunke1 editor ( ! ,ca?olic j\rnal ,g]mania1 01 h[ev]1 ! only "o :o spoke ( x publicly4 ,su* an (f5ce aga9/ ! omnipot5t *ancellor c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 be ov]look$4 ,m4 ,majunke 0 summon$ to ! police (fice1 & !nce consign$ to prison1 not)/&+ 8 inviolability z deputy1 & ! prote/ations ( ! ,rei*/ag 7p>liam5t74 ,:at a gr& conception ,*ancellor ,bism>ck mu/ h _h ( con/itutional gov]nm5t6 ,! great success ( ,william ,i4 9 ! ,franco-,prussian w> appe>s to h s elat$ t mon>* t he consid]$ !re 0 no?+ :i* he might n successfully und]take4 ,he _h annex$ to ,prussia "s ( ! less] ,/ates ( ,g]many1 & made a ,g]man ,empire4 ,! ,*ur* 9 ,g]many enjoy$ _m privileges & immunities "u 8 pr$ecessors1 :o1 = ! mo/ "p1 71 l himself1 ,prote/ants4 ,:e!r x 0 t he desir$ to %[ himself a bett] ,prote/ant ?an 8 ance/ors1 or t he c\ld n emancipate himself f ! control ( ! m9i/] :o _h s long guid$1 ) s+ul> success1 ! de/9ies ( ! empire1 z well z 8 own c>e]1 or t he believ$ x to be a political necessity to act accord+ to ! views & c>ry out ! pr9ciples ( ! ,g]man & ,european 8,lib]als0--! p>ty ( revolution & unbelief--he resolv$ to oppose no imp$im5t to 8 *ancellor & ! lib]al majority ( p>liam5t 9 _! endeavors to de/roy ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,g]many1 unless x *ose to become z a m]e dep>tm5t ( ! ,/ate1 act+ & speak+ 9 ! "n ( ! ,/ate1 receiv+ its appo9tm5ts f ! ,/ate1 z well z ! funds requisite = ! support ( its m9i/]s1 accept+ all its ord]s & in/ructions1 ev5 9 ! mo/ spiritual ?+s1 f ! ,/ate2 9 f9e1 look+ to ! ,/ate z ! sole s\rce ( all its au?ority1 honor1 p[] & influ5ce4 ,!re 0 no?+ l ! ,g]man ,empire4 ,x _h conqu]$ 9 gigantic w>s ) two ,p[]s t 7 consid]$ ! greate/ 9 cont95tal ,europe4 ,x _h atta9$ a degree ( p[] & greatness1 sc>cely if at all inf]ior to t ( ! fir/ ,napoleon1 &1 l ,napoleon1 x aim$ at m4 ,x s\ght1 l him1 to h ! ,*ur*1 no less ?an ! police c\rts1 9 e respect1 9 all circum/ances & on all occasions1 completely at its ord]s4 ,?is ill-judg$ ambition acc\nts = ! long li/ ( oppressive laws :i* 7 enact$ at ,b]l9 = ! enslavem5t ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,!y are kn[n z ! 8,may ,laws10 all ( !m hav+ be5 pass$1 al?\gh n 9 ! same ye>1 9 ! mon? ( ,may4 ,doll+]1 ,hoh5lohe & ! re/ ( ! anti-,ca?olic ,bav>ian cot]ie1 delud$ ! ,emp]or & 8 m9i/] ) ! idea ( an indep5d5t ,g]man alt1 or ,old ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,!y sold _! c\ntry to ! new empire1 politically4 ,b !y c\ld n sell its *ur*4 ,"o ( ^! alt-,ca?olics1 ,dr4 ,s*ulte1 recomm5d$ p]secution z ! sure/ means ( eradicat+ ! anci5t *ur*4 8,let 8 tw5ty ?\s& flor9s be )drawn f su* a "o1 8 twelve ?\s& ?al]s f su* ano!r2 let ! sal>ies ( ! bi%ops & *apt]s be suppress$1 & ! result w soon be manife/4 ,! humbl] cl]gy w rejoice4 ,s9ce #ah? ,july1 #ahgj1 !re has be5 nei!r belief 9 ,*ri/ nor religi\s conviction among ! be>]s ( mitres & tonsures40 ,?us 0 ! ,prussian m9i/] l$ to imag9e t he _h only to transf] ! b5efices ( ! ,ca?olic dignit>ies to ! alt-,ca?olics 9 ord] to con/itute an indep5d5t ,g]man ,*ur*1 :i* w\ld unite ! :ole ( ,g]many religi\sly1 z he _h already unit$ x politically4 ,all ,ca?olics1 ( c\rse1 w\ld be memb]s ( ?is new ,*ur*4 ,! ,/ate ,prote/antism ( ,prussia w\ld1 9 due "t1 jo9 ?is ,/ate ,*ur*1 & !re w\ld be1 if n "o ,fai? & "o ,baptism1 "o ,*ur* & "o ,/ate4 ,! calculations ( ,*ancellor ,bism>ck 71 h[ev]1 at fault4 ,he soon discov]$ t ! cl]gy 7 grossly calumniat$1 & t ! alt-,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 :i* he tru/$ nev] c\nt$ m ?an ?irty prie/s2 t ?is numb] increas$ n1 & t ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( adh]5ts ( :om ! pseudo bi%op1 ,re9k5s1 boa/$1 7 only "s tw5ty ?\s& to ?irty ?\s&1 scatt]$ ov] all ,g]many4 ,^! _h no pr9ciple ( cohesion4 ,!y c\ld n agree z to any fundam5tal po9t ( religi\s doctr9e or discipl9e4 ,accord+ to a c5sus made 9 #ahgf1 !y numb]$ only "o hundr$ & ?irty-six1 9 a population ( tw5ty-five ?\s& ,ca?olics1 at ! city ( ,bonn1 :i* ,m4 ,re9k5s _h select$ z ! seat & c5tre ( 8 episcopal m9i/rations4 ,mean:ile1 !re 0 a consid]able reaction 9 prev>icat+ ,bav>ia4 ,! ,ca?olic m9ority 0 *ang$ into a majority1 & ! ,prussian ,ca?olic repres5tation1 :i* 0 call$ ! fraction ( ! c5tre1 0 /r5g!n$ at ! elections ( #ahgd by an increase f tw5ty-five to =ty votes4 ,! *ancellor1 al?\gh enlight5$1 0 n correct$4 ,no?+ c\ld div]t him f 8 evil purpose4 ,by a /range confusion ( ideas1 he call$ ,kulturcampf 7/ruggle = civilization7 ! op5 w> :i* he wag$ aga9/ ! ,*ur*1 ! s\rce ( all civilization & ( lib]ty ( consci5ce4 ,! p]secut+ laws :i*1 ) ! aid ( ! s-call$ 8lib]al0 p>ty1 or p>ty ( unbelief1 he succe$$ 9 caus+ to be enact$ 7 to ! foll[+ effect4 ,z 0 to be expect$ ( ! bl9d political fanaticism ( ! p>ty1 ! ,jesuits 7 ! fir/ objects ( ho/ility1 & ! fir/ victims ( p]secution4 ,! ,may laws requir$ t ^! un(f5d+ individuals %\ld be expell$ )\t any =m ( trial1 & depriv$ ( _! rights ( citiz5s4 ,at ! same "t1 c]ta9 religi\s ord]s :i*1 x 0 pret5d$1 7 affiliat$ ) ! ,jesuits1 7 subject$ to ! l treatm5t4 ,all ecclesia/ical sem9>ies 7 suppress$1 ! solons ( legislation pret5d+ t x 0 necess>y to oblige ! c&idates = ! prie/hood to imbue _! m9ds 9 lay s*ools1 ) ! ideas & wants ( mod]n society4 ,! new laws aboli%$ articles fifte51 sixte5 & eighte5 ( ! ,prussian ,con/itution1 :i* gu>ante$ ! autonomy ( ! diff]5t =ms ( wor%ip2 !y be/[$ on ! ,/ate ! nom9ation to ecclesia/ical functions1 & w5t s f> z to =bid bi%ops ! use ( _! "r to decl>e apo/ates exclud$ f ! ,ca?olic communion4 ,!y suppress$ ! subsidies & all[ances :i* ! ,/ate1 until t "t1 paid to ! diocesan e/abli%m5ts & ! cl]gy g5]ally1 not)/&+ t su* subsidies 7 n gratuit\sly be/[$ by ! gov]nm5t1 b 7 no?+ else ?an1 z 9 ,france & ,belgium1 ! re/itution1 9 "p1 ( ! debt due by ! ,/ate to ! ,*ur*4 ,x 0 provid$1 h[ev]1 t su* memb]s ( ! cl]gy z %\ld make _! submission %\ld at once h _! sal>ies re/or$4 ,by a ref9em5t ( cruelty1 all collections & subscriptions1 :e!r public or private1 = ! requirem5ts ( public wor%ip & ! support ( ! cl]gy 7 =bidd51 & elective lay commissions 7 *>g$ ) ! managem5t ( all ecclesia/ical prop]ty4 ,f9ally1 all religi\s ord]s1 z well ( m5 z ( wom51 7 suppress$1 ) ! exception1 & t provisionally only1 ( su* z 7 devot$ to ! c>e ( ! sick4 ,if ,*ancellor ,bism>ck really believ$1 at any "t1 t ! ,ca?olic cl]gy 7 )\t fai? & consci5ce1 ready to submit to any t]ms ! ,/ate might impose1 9 ord] to save _! incomes & ! in/itutions ( ! ,*ur*1 he mu/ h be5 greatly surpris$ :5 he f\nd !m all1 )\t exception1 prep>$ to welcome pov]ty1 imprisonm5t & exile1 r ?an ab&on ! inali5able rights ( consci5ce4 ,on ! #bf? ,may1 #ahgc1 ! ,bi%ops ( ,prussia sign$ a collective decl>ation1 9 :i* !y /at$1 ) regret1 t x 0 impossible = !m to obey4 8,! ,*ur*10 said !y1 8_c ackn[l$ge ! hea!n /ate pr9ciple1 accord+ to :i* ! laws ( ! ,/ate are ! s\rce ( all "r1 & ! ,*ur* possesses only su* rights z x pleases ! ,/ate to grant4 ,by s do+1 x w\ld d5y its own ,div9e orig91 & w\ld make ,*ri/ianity :olly dep5d5t on ! arbitr>y w ( m540 ,9 reg>d to temporal matt]s connect$ ) ! ,*ur* !y c\ld af=d to be less /rict3 & s !y au?oriz$ _! p to take "p 9 ! election ( ! new lay manag]s ( ! prop]ties ( ! *ur*es4 ,?is wise policy 0 att5d$ ) ! mo/ happy results4 ,! *ancellor's plans 7 ev]y:]e completely m>r$4 ,he _h reckon$ t ! ,ca?olics w\ld ab/a9 f vot+1 & s all[ a 8lib]al0 7infidel7 m9ority1 h[ev] small1 to dispose ( ! *ur*es & presbyt]ies4 ,9 review+ ! news ( ! day1 we h be5 accu/om$ to ?9k ( only "o or two m em95t prelates suff]+ "u ! la% ( p]secution4 ,! tru? is1 t ! :ole ,*ur* suff]$4 ,! p]secution 0 z cruel z an age :i* does n p]mit ! %$d+ ( blood w\ld tol]ate4 ,! bi%ops 7 cru%$ ) f9es on acc\nt ( ea* act :i* !y p]=m$ ( _! spiritual (fice4 ,su* f9es !y refus$ to pay1 le/ !y %\ld ackn[l$ge ! ju/ice ( _! condemnation4 ,_! movable prop]ty1 accord+ly1 0 seiz$ & sold at auction1 & !y !mselves 7 immur$ 9 ! prisons1 :]e !y 7 mix$ up ) felons condemn$ to ! same labors1 & designat$1 l !m1 by numb]s4 ,x 0 all 9 va94 ,no?+ c\ld %ake _! con/ancy4 ,at ,b]l9 0 erect$ a sort ( ecclesia/ical tribunal1 :i* arrogat$ to itself ! p[] ( depos+ f sees1 & :i* actually pret5d$ to depose ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,pos51 ! ,bi%op ( ,pad]born1 ! ,pr9ce-,bi%op ( ,breslau1 & sev]al o!r prelates4 ,! =tresses ( ,g]many 7 fill$ ) prie/s1 ^: only crime 0 t !y obey$ ,god r ?an m54 ,! public ways 7 cr[d$ ) prie/s :o _h be5 depriv$1 aft]w>ds int]n$1 & f9ally bani%$4 ,num]\s religi\s p1 bo? m5 & wom51 7 9 ! l sad position1 ?rong+ ! road ( exile4 ,! p1 9 te>s1 escort$ ^! victims ( hea!ni% rage4 ,!y *ant$1 z !y w5t1 ! psalm1 8,mis]]e10 & ! canticle1 8,wir s9d ini w>5 ,*ri/5?um0 78we are 9 true ,*ri/ianity071 until !y rea*$ ! railway depots4 ,! ,prussian g5sd'armes1 :o 7 (t5 no m ?an two or ?ree 9 numb]1 7 a/oni%$ to f9d t !y c\ld s easily conduct _! prison]s1 :om ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( o!r m51 ! great] numb] ( :om 7 vet]an soldi]s1 accompani$1 z !y pass$1 express+ _! regrets & good wi%es4 ,p]secution is impolitic no less ?an x is cruel & immoral4 ,! ,g]man p1 to say ! lea/1 7 %ock$ by ! tyranny ( _! gov]nm5t4 ,no?+ c\ld prev5t !m f %[+ :at !y felt & ?\ght1 on occasion ( ! release ( ! prison]s at ! end ( _! two ye>s' t]m ( imprisonm5t4 ,!y took e possible means ( express+ _! satisfaction4 ,?us1 at ,mun/]1 :5 ,bi%op ,w>5dorf return$1 ! inhabitants paid no att5tion to ! prohibition ( ! burgoma/]1 :o1 by ord] ( ! gov]nm5t1 intimat$ t he w\ld repress1 by =ce1 e ext]nal & public demon/ration4 ,! :ole city ru%$ to ! gate1 ,/4 ,mauritius1 by :i* ! releas$ prison] 0 to ent]4 ,c\nt ,dro/e-,erhdro/e proce$$ to receive him 9 a magnific5t c>riage1 drawn by f\r horses1 :i* 0 foll[$ by f\r m c>riages 9 *>ge ( 8 s]vants1 :o 7 9 complete gala dress4 ,an imm5se cr[d /rew$ fl[]s along ! r\te z ! bi%op advanc$1 & ceas$ n to hail him ) joy\s acclamations until he rea*$ 8 resid5ce1 :]e ! fir/ families ( ! c\ntry 7 9 att5dance to receive him4 ,9 ! ev5+1 ! :ole t[n1 ) ! exception ( ! public build+s1 0 illum9at$4 ,! citiz5s ( ,pos5 7 prep>+ a l triumphal reception = _! ar*bi%op1 ,c>d9al ,l$o*[ski1 on occasion ( 8 release 9 ,febru>y1 #ahgf1 f ! =tress ( ,o/r[o1 :]e he _h be5 inc>c]at$ = two ye>s1 :5 he 0 c>ri$ (f 9 ! nighttime & transport$ beyond ! limits ( 8 diocese1 9 :i* he is =bidd5 ev] aga9 to set foot4 ,two suffragan bi%ops 7 left beh9d4 ,!y also 7 imprison$ at ,gne/51 "o = hav+ adm9i/]$ ! ,sacram5t ( ,confirmation )\t special leave f ! gov]nm5t1 ! o!r = hav+ consecrat$ ! holy oils on ,maunday ,?ursday1 #ahge4 ,by su* acts1 :i* evid5tly belong$ to ! spiritual ord]1 !y 7 held to be guilty ( s$ition & a violation ( ! rights ( ! ,/ate4 ,! :ole ,ca?olic _w 0 deeply mov$ by ?is mod]n & unprovok$ p]secution4 ,all c\ld n speak1 inde$2 b all 7 9 sympa?y ) ! cl]gy & fai?ful p ( ,g]many4 ,! bi%ops ( ,france w\ld h br\ght w> ^u _! c\ntry by utt]+ a ^w ( disapproval4 ,! irascible *ancellor actually s\ght to raise a qu>rel ) t c\ntry on acc\nt ( a slight & in(f5sive allusion :i* fell f ! lips ( two ( ! bi%ops4 ,c\ld he n see t he w be br&$ ?r\gh\t ! ages z a p]secutor & a %ort-sight$ politician8 ,great ,brita9 & ,am]ica c\ld speak )\t fe> or h9drance4 ,& !y 7 n sl[ to s5d _! words ( consolation & enc\ragem5t to _! suff]+ bre?r5 ( ,g]many4 ,! ,c>d9al-,ar*bi%op ( ,we/m9/] wrote 9 a /ra9 :i* may be describ$ z apo/olical1 to ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cologne1 ! ,primate ( ,g]many1 greet+ 8) ! greate/ affection bo? himself & 8 bre?r51 ! o!r bi%ops :o are 9 prison = hav+ def5d$ ! au?ority & lib]ty ( ! ,*ur*40 ,?is lett] 0 reproduc$ by all ! newspap]s1 & c\ld n h escap$ ! notice ( ! ,prussian m9i/]4 ,nev]!less1 he 0 sil5t4 ,al?\gh s5sitive 9 ! extreme1 z reg>d$ ,france & ,belgium1 8 k ( geography & naval /ati/ics1 no d\bt1 enabl$ him to possess 8 s\l 9 pati5ce4 ,pius ,,ix4 c\ld n b feel = 8 afflict$ *ildr5 ( ,g]many4 ,he 0 mov$1 accord+ly1 to address a v e>ne/ remon/rance to ! ,emp]or1 ,william ,i4 ,?is 0 done s e>ly z ,augu/1 #ahgc4 ,he c\ld n believe t su* cruel measures proce$$ f a pr9ce :o _h s (t5 giv5 pro( ( 8 ,*ri/ian s5tim5ts4 ,he _h ev5 be5 in=m$ t 8 ,maje/y did n approve ( ! conduct ( 8 gov]nm5t1 & condemn$ ! laws :i* 7 enact$ aga9/ ! ,ca?olic religion4 8,b1 if x be true t y\r ,maje/y does n approve ( ^! measures 7& ! lett]s :i* y =m]ly address$ to me appe> to me to prove suffici5tly t y d n ?9k well ( :at is actually tak+ place71--if1 ,i say1 x is n ) y\r sanction t y\r gov]nm5t cont9ues to ext5d m & m ^? repressive measures aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian religion :i* s griev\sly injure t religion1 mu/ y n come to ! conclusion t su* measures c h no o!r effect ?an to und]m9e y\r ?rone80 ,he may possibly h ?\ght s1 :51 a little lat]1 8 life 0 attempt$ by p>ties :o are kn[n to seek ! de/ruction ( religion & civil gov]nm5t at ! same "t4 ,be ?is z x may1 8 reply to ,pius ,,ix4 0 n 9 8 usual k9dly /yle4 ,x 0 sc>cely polite1 & appe>$ to be ! "w ( ! savage *ancellor r ?an ( ! good-natur$ mon>*4 ,! appeal ( ,pius ,,ix4 produc$ no result4 ,! ,emp]or's gov]nm5t add$ to ! h>%ness ( 8 refusal by advis+ him to address a lett] ( congratulation to ! new bi%op ( ! alt-,ca?olics4 ,?is 0 done1 z 0 express$1 8on acc\nt ( 8 complete def]5ce to ! ,/ate & 8 ackn[l$gm5t ( its rights40 ,9 ano!r lett]1 :i* 0 also made public1 ,william ,i4 recall$ to m9d ^? anci5t ,emp]ors ( ,g]many :o 7 ! irreconcilable enemies ( ! spiritual supremacy ( ! ,popes1 & intimat$ t he 0 resum+ ! "w ( ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa & ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,! association 0 un=tunate4 ,! *ancellor's comm5t>y 0 m s4 8,we %all nev]10 he boa/$1 8g to ,canossa60 ,^! words1 spok5 be=e ! assembl$ p>liam5t1 7 a defiance ( ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,0 x =gott5 t !re 7 o!r sn[s ?an ^? ( ,canossa1 9 :i* ,emp]ors c\ld p]i%8 ,! fir/ ,napoleon pursu$1 9 reg>d to ! ,*ur*1 ! same policy t ,g]many 0 n[ pursu+4 ,he defi$ ! religi\s p[]1 & contemptu\sly ask$ :e!r ! arms c\ld be made to fall f ! h&s ( 8 soldi]s6 ,!y did s fall1 nev]!less1 :5 ! dem5t$ ,emp]or l$ 8 legions into ! sn[s ( ,russia4 ,pius ,,ix4 c\ld n behold )\t conc]n ! deep di/ress ( 8 bre?r5 9 ,g]many4 ,he address$ an ,encyclical lett]1 "u date ( #e? ,febru>y1 #ahge1 to ! ,bi%ops ( ,prussia1 lam5t+ ! p]secution :i* tri$ !m s sev]ely1 dwell+ at great l5g? on ! evils ( ! ,may laws1 prais+ ! con/ancy ( ! cl]gy1 & exhort+ !m to cont9u$ pati5ce & p]sev]ance4 ,! :ole doctr9e ( ! ,encyclical may be said to be express$ 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,let ^? :o are y\r enemies "k t y d no injury to ! royal au?ority1 & t y h no prejudice aga9/ x :5 y refuse to give to ,cs> :at belongs to ,god2 = x is writt51 #8,we mu/ obey ,god r ?an m54' 0 ,?is eloqu5t lett]1 l ev]y?+ else t 0 done 9 ord] to mitigate ! mo/ try+ p]secution ( mod]n times1 rema9$ )\t any o!r result ?an to af=d "s com=t to ! cl]gy ( ! afflict$ ,*ur* ( ,g]many4 ,pius ,,ix41 9 ord] to %[ /ill fur!r 8 appreciation ( ! con/ancy "u p]secution ( ! ,g]man cl]gy1 conf]r$ ! dignity ( ,c>d9al on ,ar*bi%op ,l$o*[ski1 :o c\rage\sly accept$ ! pr(f]$ honor4 ,! p]secut+ gov]nm5t prev5t$ him f ev] enjoy+ x 9 8 diocese1 by condemn+ him to p]petual bani%m5t4 ,?is 01 at lea/1 an approa* to ! cruelty practis$ on ,fi%]1 ! illu/ri\s ,engli% ,confessor1 :o 0 consign$ to ! ,t[] ( ,london because he w\ld n sanction ! divorce ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 & ackn[l$ge ! ,royal ,supremacy 9 que/ions ( religion4 ,! ,pope ( ! "t s5t him a c>d9al's hat4 ,b ! enrag$ k+ took c>e t he %\ld nev] we> x by cutt+ (f 8 head4 ,! "t 0 pa/ :5 blood c\ld be %$ 9 hatr$ ( ! tru?1 ev5 by s h>d a tyrant z ! ,prussian m9i/]4 ,9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 z well z 9 ! sixte5?1 !re w\ld n be want+ ^? :o w\ld resi/ unto blood = religion's sake4 ,x 0 comp>atively an easy matt] to deprive & bani% ! legitimate pa/ors1 b n q s easy to f9d prie/s s unpr9cipl$ z to become _! successors4 ,! politic *ancellor1 app>5tly1 _h n ?\ght ( ?is be=eh&4 ,9 ! c\rse ( five ye>s he c\ld f9d only two ecclesia/ics :o w\ld cons5t to accept b5efices at 8 h&s4 ,all ^? on :om he might h c\nt$ = e/abli%+ a s*ism 9 ! ,*ur* _h already jo9$1 ) all ! enc\ragem5t :i* ! m9i/] c\ld be/[1 ! alt-,ca?olic sect1 :i*1 z has be5 %[n1 0 de/9$ to prove a failure4 ,x is almo/ sup]flu\s to say t ! p>i%ion]s /udi\sly avoid$ all communication 9 ?+s spiritual ) ! nom9ees ( ! ,/ate4 ,mean:ile1 ! fai?ful p 7 n left de/itute4 ,zeal\s "y prie/s f ! sem9>ies visit$ !m privately at _! h\ses1 & m9i/]$ to _! religi\s wants4 ,su* z s act$ 7 arre/$ & conduct$ to ! fronti]4 ,!y return$ by ! next railway tra94 ,!y 7 !n ca/ into prison4 ,z soon z !y 7 free !y return$ to ! po/ ( duty4 ,!re 0 9 ,g]many a revival ( ! ,primitive ,*ur*--( ! zeal & self-sacrifice ( ! apo/olic age4 ,all ?is 0 met by ! clos+ ( ! sem9>ies1 ! sev]e/ bl[ t _h1 z yet1 be5 /ruck aga9/ ! cause ( religion4 ,! *ancellor1 nev]!less1 0 n successful4 ,! newspap]s 9 8 int]e/1 :i* he designat$ z ! reptile press1 laugh$ at 8 %ort-sight$ness4 ,he _h c\nt$ on accompli%+ 8 purpose by "s six mon?s ( p]secution4 ,g5]ations w\ld n suffice4 ,! endurance ( ! ,*ur* is unconqu]able4 ,x is z an anvil :i* we>s out _m hamm]s4 ,t :i* ,*ancellor ,bism>ck appli$1 s vigor\sly1 w prove to be no exception47#aa7 ,s\!rn ,g]many1 x is a pleasure to record1 abhors ! ridicul\s ,kulturkampf ( ,*ancellor ,bism>ck4 ,l\is ,,ii41 ( ,bav>ia1 w\ld fa9 foll[ 9 8 wake4 ,b1 z is %[n by ! l>ge ,ca?olic majorities at ! elections1 he is n second$1 ev5 passively1 z 9 ,prussia1 by ! ,bav>ian p4 ,! p]secution1 att5d$ by its ess5tial results1 is r5d]+ all ,g]many m ,ca?olic ?an ev]4 ,:5 its "w %all h be5 accompli%$1 :at w rema98 ,! ,*ur* or ! ,kulturkampf8 ,9 ! meantime _m innoc5t p]sons mu/ suff]3 _m "t-honor$ in/itutions w h be5 swept away3 9 ! pursuit ( an ideal civilization1 & by means ( cruelties unwor?y ( an enlight5$ age1 _m monum5ts :i* ow$ _! orig9 to ! sup]ior civiliz+ p[] ( ,*ri/ianity w h disappe>$ =ev]4 ,9 addition to all ?is1 feel+s ho/ile to ! ,*ur*1 & prejudices hurtful z !y are gr\ndless1 are ev]y:]e creat$4 ,pius ,,ix4 compla9$ ( ?is un=tunate /ate ( ?+s1 :5 he said 7#aj? ,janu>y1 #ahge73 8,! revolution1 n satisfi$ ) p]secut+ ,ca?olics 9 ,prussia1 excites1 on bo? sides ( ! ,alps1 ^? gov]nm5ts :i* pr(ess to be ,ca?olic1 b :i* h only too pla9ly l$ ! way1 9 ! %ameful c>e] ( religi\s oppression4 ,x excites !m to p]si/1 m boldly ?an ev]1 9 ! "w ( p]secution1 & ^! gov]nm5ts execute its behe/s4 ,god w arise1 "s day1 &1 address+ ! ,prote/ant oppressor1 he w say to him3 ,?\ ha/ s9n$--griev\sly s9n$2 b ! ,ca?olic gov]nm5ts1 on all h&s1 h /ill m griev\sly s9n$4 ,majus peccatum hab5t40 ,,italy--,,education4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,pi$montese invasion1 !re 7 9 ! city ( ,rome1 "o hundr$ & sixty-eight colleges or public s*ools4 ,! numb] ( s*ools 0 tw5ty ?\s&1 :il/ ! :ole population ( ! city 0 two hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s&4 ,! pupils are class$ z foll[s1 accord+ to ! /ati/ics ( 8 ,em95ce ! ,c>d9al-,vic>1 9 #ahgj3 ,/ud5ts1 bo>d+ 9 sem9>ies & colleges3 #gjc ,/ud5ts1 day s*ol>s1 gratuit\sly taught 9 ! s*ools3 #e1eee ,/ud5ts1 day s*ol>s1 :o paid a small fee3 #a1fjc ,total3 #g1ida ,girls1 bo>d+ 9 refuges3 #b1ihf ,girls1 day s*ol>s1 gratuit\sly taught3 #f1ebc ,girls1 day s*ol>s1 :o paid a small fee3 #b1hga ,total3 #aa1chj ,g5]al total3 #ai1cba ,?us1 includ+ ! orphans ( bo? sexes1 at ,/4 ,mi*ael de ,t]m9i & o!r asylums1 pupils are 9 ! proportion ( "o to t5 inhabitants4 ,?is is n inf]ior to ,p>is1 & surpasses ,b]l91 s mu* spok5 ( z a seat ( education4 ,?is ,prussian 7n[ ,g]man capital7 reckon$1 9 #ahge1 only eighty-five ?\s& s*ol>s = a population ( n9e hundr$ & sev5ty-f\r ?\s& s\ls1 or t5 s*ol>s to "o hundr$ & f\rte5 citiz5s4 ,! ,godless s*ools1 e/abli%$ by ! new rul]s1 h imp$$1 only to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! developm5t giv5 to education by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,9 ! poor] qu>t]s ( ! city "s p>ties h be5 ei!r intimidat$ by ! ?reats ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,*>ity1 or ga9$ by ! (f] ( b\nties to !mselves & a gratuit\s breakfa/ to _! *ildr54 ,b1 g5]ally1 ! p ( ,rome /ill resi/1 & sev]al ,*ri/ian s*ools h consid]ably increas$ s9ce #ahgj1 ! numb] ( _! pupils4 ,?is is all ! m rem>kable1 z ! rul+ faction %[$ a /rong det]m9ation to put an end entirely to ,*ri/ian education4 ,by ! end ( #ahgc1 ! usurp+ gov]nm5t _h confiscat$ m ?an "o hundr$ mona/]ies1 conv5ts1 & o!r e/abli%m5ts ( public education4 ,a ,lyceum 0 set up 9 place ( ! celebrat$ ,roman ,college1 f :i* its proprietors1 ! ,rev4 ,fa!rs ( ! ,society ( ,jesuits1 7 f9ally expell$ 9 #ahgd4 ,! bett] to %[ _! animus on ! occasion1 ! new ,rul]s tore d[n a magnific5t piece ( sculpture1 9 m>ble1 :i* adorn$ ! gate1 & on :i* 0 engrav$ ! bless$ "n ( ! ,savi\r1 replac+ x by ! escut*eon 9 wood ( ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,z if to give ze/ to robb]y1 ! ,godless tyrants propos$ t ! pr(essors ( ! ,roman ,college %\ld cont9ue _! lessons1 z function>ies ( ! ,italian gov]nm5t1 & aft] hav+ qualifi$ by accept+ diplomas f a lay univ]sity4 ,x w\ld1 inde$1 h be5 comical to see su* m5 z ,sec*i1 ,franzel91 ,t>qu9i1 & _m1 besides1 ! fir/ pr(essors 9 ! _w1 seat$ on s*ol>s' b5*es1 to be exam9$ by ! semi-b>b>\s (ficials1 :e!r civil or milit>y1 ( ! ,pi$montese ,k+4 ,pius ,,ix41 al?\gh press$ by _m wants1 provid$ an asylum = sci5ce4 ,he call$ toge!r ! ,jesuit ,fa!rs :o _h be5 disp]s$1 9 ! halls ( ! ,am]ican & ,g]man ,colleges4 ,!re1 al?\gh some:at p9*$ = room1 !y cont9u$ _! int]national c\rses1 ! mo/ ext5sive t ev] 7 kn[n4 ,! new ,rul]s1 h[ev]1 x is only prop] to obs]ve1 nev] d>$ to drive ,fa!r ,sec*i f 8 obs]vatory4 ,!re ought nev] to h be5 any difficulty 9 ,italy z reg>ds education4 ,! ,italians 71 & are /ill1 ( "o m9d1 & n divid$1 l u1 into num]\s d5om9ations1 all ( :i* h to be consid]$ )\t prejudice to _! religi\s views4 ,! usurp+ ,italian gov]nm5t allott$ "o million ( francs 7#dj1jjj7 p] annum1 = elem5t>y education at ,rome4 ,n "o half ( ! *ildr5 = :om ?is b\nty is int5d$1 avail !mselves ( x--a fact :i* %[s t ! popul> want has n be5 met4 ,! outlay only burd5s ! ratepay]s )\t advanc+ ! end = :i* x is design$--elem5t>y education4 ,private p]sons supply ! ne$ accord+ to ! popul> desire1 by means ( region>y s*ools1 support$ entirely at _! own exp5se1 & ) a laudable degree ( self-sacrifice4 ,! same /ate ( ?+s prevails1 g5]ally1 ?r\gh\t ,italy1 z is %[n by a circul> ( ! m9i/] ( public in/ruction4 ,! new gov]nm5t aims at no?+ less ?an ! subv]sion ( religi\s pr9ciple4 ,?is ! ,italians resi/1 & w cont9ue to resi/4 ,! gov]nm5t s*ools = secul> & irreligi\s education1 among ! upp] classes1 are l ^? = elem5t>y tea*+1 v ?9ly att5d$1 p>5ts pref]r+ to s5d _! *ildr5 abroad1 &1 :5 ?is _c be af=d$1 to su* ecclesia/ical colleges & sem9>ies z are /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,! ,/ate s*ools h already a monopoly 9 ! conf]r+ ( degrees & ! consequ5t civil advantages4 ,x is propos$ to g /ill fur!r1 &1 actually1 to close by =ce1 all ! high] s*ools 9 :i* religion is recogniz$1 ev5 z ! s*ool e/abli%$ by ! ,pope 9 ! city ( ,rome1 0 rec5tly put d[n4 ,x is ?us t ^! emancipators ( mank9d und]/& lib]ty6 ,z reg>ds female education1 especially1 ! p w nev]1 will+ly1 give up ! s*ools t are conduct$ by 8,si/]s0 or 8,nuns40 ,! education :i* su* s*ools af=d is univ]sally appreciat$--among ourselves :o are divid$1 b m p>ticul>ly among ! ,italians1 :o are all ,ca?olics4 ,x is 9 va9 to kick aga9/ ! goad1 & ?is ! ,italian gov]nm5t w le>n1 "s day1 :5 x is ca/ =? z a rott5 in/itution by ! p1 ^: de>e/ wi%es x ignores4 ,x is ( no use to suppose t ,italy is advanc$ to a /ate ( irreligion1 & s requires a sy/em ( ,godless education4 ,! contr>y is well kn[n4 ,/ate sy/ems1 bas$1 n on /ati/ical facts1 b1 on idle suppositions1 mu/ ne$s come to n\ght4 ,,italy--,,religion4 8,a free ,*ur* 9 a free ,/ate0--! great idea ( su* ,italian lib]als z _h any conception ( a *ur* at all1 0 surely to be realiz$ :5 ! fell[-c\ntrym5 ( ,c\nt de ,cav\r came to rule at ,rome4 ,:at 0 ! case8 ,!re 0 nei!r a free *ur* nor a free ,/ate8 ,t ,/ate is n free1 :]e9 ! p are n fairly repres5t$4 ,! new ,italian ,/ate c\ld n claim any su* repres5tation4 ,x 0 held 9 su* contempt t ! great majority ( ! ,italian p1 unwisely1 inde$1 we :o are accu/om$ to con/itutional gov]nm5t w\ld say1 decl9$ to take "p 9 ! elections4 ,?us ! entire control ( ! c\ntry 0 left 9 ! h&s ( two comp>atively small factions--! mod]ate & ! extreme radicals4 ,x is ( little importance to ! mass ( ! ,italian p :i* ( ^! factions holds sway = ! mom5t4 ,!y bo? legislate & execute ! laws 9 opposition to ! w ( ! nation1 & 9 ! s5se & = ! b5efit ( ! prevail+ faction4 ,!y are bo? alike *>act]iz$ by hatr$ ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? & all religi\s in/itutions4 ,?is feel+ impels !m to w> aga9/ ev]y?+ connect$ ) ,*ri/ianity1 & to sub/itute :at ! ,g]mans ( ! same s*ool call ,kulturkampf1 or1 a /ruggle = culture1 on pr9ciples ! v opposite ( ^? on :i* is f\nd$ ! high civilization ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,no d\bt ^! apo/les ( ,kulturkampf h a mu* high] civilization 9 /ore = mank9d4 ,b x mu/ be admitt$ t !y foll[ a /range way ( br++ ab\t ! mu*-desir$ consummation4 ,robb]y & sacrilege !y believe1 or pr(ess to believe1 w promote ! great object ( _! ambition1 & s !y practice1 to _! he>t's cont5t1 robb]y & sacrilege4 ,h !y =gott5 t1 accord+ to _! code1 x is a ,jesuitical tea*+1 t evil may be done 9 ord] to produce good4 ,^! legislators & adm9i/rators ( laws claim to be sup]ior to ! effete errors ( ! age4 ,:y !n %\ld !y /ill cl+ to ^? ( ! despis$ ,jesuits8 ,because1 no d\bt1 x s]ves ! purpose ( ! mom5t1 & af=ds "s relief to1 if x does n satisfy1 an insatiable passion4 ,on approa*+ ,rome !y affect$ mu* rev]5ce = ! ,holy ,fa!r & ! in/itutions ( religion4 ,!y c\ld d no?+ less1 accord+ly1 ?an enact _! n[ fam\s law ( gu>antees1 :i* assur$ complete protection to ! ,pope & ! in/itutions ov] :i* he presid$4 ,let u enquire = a mom5t h[ ?is law 0 en=c$4 ,x surpass$1 9 g5]osity to ! *ur*1 ! legislation ( ! mo/ *ivalr\s mon>*s4 ,x gave up ! royal rights ( =m] k+s 9 reg>d to nom9at+ & propos+ to ecclesia/ical (fices4 ,x disp5s$ ) ! oa? ( bi%ops to ! k+1 & =mally aboli%$ 7see articles fifte5 & sixte57 ! exequatur1 z x is call$1 au?oriz+ ! publication & execution ( all notable acts ( ecclesia/ical au?ority4 ,su* cle> & app>5tly solemn regulations appe>$ to be inviolable4 ,nev]!less1 :il/ "o hundr$ & fifty bi%ops 7 nam$ by ,pius ,,ix41 f ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,pi$montese invasions till ! mon? ( ,augu/1 #ahge1 no few] ?an "o hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 ( ?is numb] 7 n ackn[l$g$ by ! civil p[]1 because !y did n apply = & obta9 ! exequatur4 ,! m9i/ry 0 n satisfi$ ) ?is4 ,x pu%$ its tyranny to su* an extreme z to refuse 9 future1 to grant ! exequatur & to expel f _! resid5ces all bi%ops :o %\ld n possess x4 ,n only did ! gov]nm5t )hold ! incomes ( ! bi%ops1 & confiscate ! rev5ues :i* ! piety ( ! p _h devot$ = _! support1 x also employ$ its g5sd'armes & police ag5ts 9 seiz+ ! prelates at _! homes & ca/+ !m into ! /reets4 ,! new rul]s w5t fur!r /ill1 & display$ _! f9ancial g5ius 9 a way peculi> to !mselves4 ,!y actually subject$ to ! tax on moveable prop]ty1 ! alms :i* ! bi%ops receiv$ f ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 :o1 l !mselves1 0 robb$ ( 8 prop] income4 ,?us did ! begg>ly gov]nm5t make money out ( ! small res\rces ( ^? :o1 :5 ! ex*equ] fail$ to fulfil its duties1 endeavor$ !mselves1 z be/ !y c\ld1 to make up = ?is d]eliction4 ,milit>y conscription is ess5tially tyrannical4 ,x is p>ticul>ly s :5 us$ z an arm ( (f5ce aga9/ ! *ur*4 ,x 0 appli$ to ecclesia/ical /ud5ts1 & ev5 to su* z 7 9 holy ord]s1 expressly = ! purpose ( depriv+ ! *ur* ( recruits f ! sem9>ies4 ,none c\ld n[ be f\nd to r5ew ! ranks ( ! cl]gy1 except su* z 7 invalids or ( weak con/itutions1 or :o1 by miracle1 p]sev]$ 9 _! vocation1 aft] f\r ye>s' s]vice 9 milit>y b>racks4 ,! public robb]s1 not)/&+ _! pr(essions & gu>antees1 audaci\sly laid sacrilegi\s h&s on ! prop]ties ( ! ,basilicas ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,john ,lat]an1 :i* !y !mselves _h expressly res]v$ = ! use ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,!y hesitat$ n ev5 to seize ! funds ( ! celebrat$ mission>y college--,propag&a4 ,^! prop]ties !y did n simply annex1 z !y did s _m1 besides1 t belong$ to ! ,*ur*4 ,!y creat$ a liquidat+ junta or commission1 z !y call$ x1 :i* %\ld *ange all immovable ecclesia/ical prop]ties t 7 n already confiscat$ into national r5t4 ,su* national r5t1 z is well kn[n1 _h only an ephem]al value4 ,x 01 at be/1 v>iable2 & ,italy1 :i* 0 p>tially bankrupt :5 x r$uc$ ! int]e/ due to its cr$itors1 w1 soon] or lat]1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! able/ writ]s1 l& 9 complete bankruptcy4 ,! r5ts sub/itut$ by =ce1 in/ead ( real prop]ty1 w !n possess ! value ( ! assignats ( ! fir/ ,fr5* revolution4 ,! end[m5ts ( ,propag&a1 appo9t$ by ,*ri/ian g5]osity1 at diff]5t epo*s1 7 n design$ = ! use ( ,rome or ,italy1 or any ,ca?olic c\ntry :atev]4 ,_! object 0 ! support ( remote missions4 ,?is 0 well und]/ood4 ,! v "n ( ! in/itution %[s t x 04 ,9 va9 did ,c>d9al ,fran*i apply to ! tribunals4 ,! prop]ties ( ! great univ]sal in/itution1 z well z ^? ( ! ,*apt]s1 7 sold at public auction1 & ! confiscation1 al?\gh n imm$iate1 0 9 c\rse ( be+ accompli%$4 ,! /ate ( ?+s did n improve on ! adv5t to p[] ( ,messrs4 ,nicot]a & ,depretis1 ! =m] a radical ( ! mo/ extreme views1 & ! latt]1 v little1 if at all1 bett]4 ,^! revolutioni/s hav+ ga9$ ! object ( _! ambition1 might h be5 incl9$ to halt 9 _! mad c>e]2 b1 _! p>ty driv+ !m onw>d1 !y proce$$ to /ill m rigid & cruel measures4 ,x is n too mu* to say t su* m5 are digg+ a grave = ! ,h\se ( ,savoy & ,italian unity4 ,! measures aim+ at ! de/ruction ( religion may be summ>iz$ z foll[s3 #a/4 ,!y h introduc$ civil regi/ration ( bir?s1 z an equival5t & alt]native to ,*ri/ian baptism4 #bnd4 ,!y h p]mitt$ & enc\rag$ civil int]m5t in/ead ( ,*ri/ian burial4 #crd4 ,!y h aboli%$ oa?s 9 c\rts ( law4 #d?4 ,!y h sy/ematically enc\rag$ ! pr(anation ( ! ,sunday & ! great fe/ivals ( ,*ri/mas1 ,ea/]1 etc41 by ord]+ ! prosecution ( ! gov]nm5t build+s & o!r public works on ,sundays2 by o/5tati\sly hold+ _! sessions on ^? days3 by ord]+ public lectures 9 ! univ]sities & high] s*ools on ,sundays z on week days1 etc4 #e?4 ,!y h e/abli%$ civil m>riage z an equival5t be=e ! law = ,*ri/ian m>riage1 & z necess>y1 9 all cases1 besides ! religi\s c]emony4 #f?4 ,!y h e/abli%$ a recogniz$ sy/em ( public immorality by indemnities1 & d]iv+ f ?is %ameful s\rce a rev5ue :i* is appli$ to augm5t ! secret s]vice funds4 ,x is easily obs]v$ t 9 e detail ( ?is enum]ation1 religion & morals are directly attack$4 ,! ,pope1 :o is ! *ief ( religion & ! great prea*] ( morality1 _c give any c\nt5ance to su* ?+s4 ,f> less c he id5tify himself ) su* anti-,*ri/ian legislation4 ,?is is ! insup]able imp$im5t to 8 reconciliation ) ! pres5t ,rul]s ( 8,unit$ ,italy40 ,he c resi/ evil1 & resi/ unto blood1 z s _m ( 8 sa9t$ pr$ecessors h done4 ,b :5 !re is "q ( accept+ x1 8 only ^w mu/ be1 z x has always be51 non possumus4 ,:at w\ld m5 say1 if ,he1 :o is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 & ! *ief gu>dian ( ! tru? confid$ to ,h] keep+1 c\ld be br\ght by ! ?reats or c>esses ( ephem]al worldly ,p[]s1 to call good evil1 & evil good6 ,,italy--,,crime4 ,religion1 :5 p]secut$ 9 any c\ntry1 fails n to wreak v5geance on ! p]secut+ p[]4 ,9 su* c\ntries1 virtue1 g5]ally1 respect = law1 ord] & au?ority1 z well z public security1 rapidly dim9i%1 & ! ,/ate discov]s1 al?\gh too late1 t1 9 aim+ at ! ,*ur*1 x has /ruck aga9/ itself a deadly bl[4 ,s9ce ! inauguration ( ! mu* vaunt$ ,kulturkampf1 socialism has increas$ to su* a degree 9 ,g]many z to appal ev5 ,*ancellor ,bism>ck1 :il/ ,italy1 at ! same "t t x clos$ its conv5ts & ,ca?olic colleges1 0 oblig$ to multiply n only its milit>y b>racks1 b also its prisons4 ,9 no "p ( ,italian t]ritory h ^! prev5tives ( crime1 if1 inde$1 !y may be s-call$1 prov$ suffici5t4 ,s rapid has be5 ! increase ( crime1 t1 accord+ to (ficial /ati/ics1 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,rome alone1 sev5 ?\s& two hundr$ & n9ety-?ree cases 7 asc]ta9$ & br\ght be=e ! tribunals1 9 #ahgd4 ,?is is j d\ble :at appe>$ 9 ! crim9al c\rts "u ! ,pontifical gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! :ole k+dom !re 7 eighty-f\r ?\s& prison]s1 or crim9als "u re/ra9t4 ,?is is ?irty-five ?\s& m ?an 9 ,france1 ! g5]al population ( :i* is great] by "o-?ird1 & f\r times m ?an 9 ,great ,brita91 ! population ( :i* is ab\t ! same z t ( unit$ ,italy4 ,?is /ate ( crime is n surpris+ :5 x is consid]$ t ! rul]s !mselves h nev] ceas$ to set ! example ( ! mo/ unscrupul\s & m]ciless !ft & robb]y4 ,! new civil code1 besides1 appe>s to h _h no o!r object 9 view ?an to oblit]ate all idea ( "r1 & to legitimatize all robb]ies1 pa/1 pres5t & future1 9 ! un=tunate k+dom ( ,italy4 ,article sev5 hundr$ & t5 ( ?is code decl>es1 pla9ly1 t prop]ty is acquir$ by possession4 ,at ,rome1 b>ri/]s1 judges1 & ev5 ! mo/ revolution>y j\rnali/s are assass9at$ by private v5geance1 9 broad day1 9 ! /reet1 or 9 _! (fices1 & no "o d>e mole/ ! murd]]s4 ,9 ,romagna x 0 f\nd necess>y to br+ to ju/ice an association ( assass9s1 :o 71 = ! mo/ "p1 p]sons ( good education & m5 ( prop]ty4 ,9 ,sicily matt]s 7 /ill worse4 ,!re1 a society ( ,brig&s1 call$ ,maffia1 holds ! isl& 9 a /ate ( p]petual t]ror4 ,num]\s ,g>ibaldians :o h be5 )\t employm5t s9ce #ahgj1 & 7 long tol]at$1 on acc\nt ( =m] complicity1 add$ to ! ranks ( ?is frat]nity4 ,! ,maffia rid !mselves ( ano!r society1 ! ,kamorra1 by ! successive assass9ation at ,pal]mo alone1 ( tw5ty-?ree ( its *iefs4 ,all ^! crimes rema9 unpuni%$1 none d>+ to be> witness aga9/ ! guilty4 ,9 ! dep>tm5ts ( gov]nm5t !re is n less moral disord]4 ,! f9ances are mismanag$ & dilapidat$4 ,not)/&+ ! enorm\s & oppressive increase ( taxation1 toge!r ) ! =cible appropriation ( ecclesia/ical prop]ty1 deficits are ! ord] ( ! day1 & ! nation has be51 m ?an once1 & probably is /ill1 on ! v]ge ( bankruptcy4 ,truly1 may ! ,italians1 :o are tw5ty-?ree to "o1 exclaim1 9 _! di/ress3 ,quo usque t&em abut]is pati5tia no/ra8 8,h[ long1 ,o disa/r\s revolution6 wilt ?\ abuse our pati5ce80 ,nor are ! bett] ?9k+ ,italians )\t blame4 ,:y did !y n take "p--:y d !y n /ill take "p 9 ! elections1 & return1 z !y well may1 a majority to ! w\ld-be con/itutional p>liam5t8 ,_! numb]s w\ld1 und\bt$ly1 be impos+ & influ5tial4 ,s mu* s1 inde$1 t !y mu/ f9ally obta9 admission1 )\t burd5+ _! consci5ce ) an obnoxi\s oa?4 ,:at did n ,daniel ,o',connell1 ,irel&'s lib]ator1 accompli%1 by caus+ himself alone to be elect$ = an ,iri% con/itu5cy1 & by proce$+ to dem& ! seat to :i* he 0 elect$ 9 ! ,briti% p>liam5t1 )\t utt]+ an oa? :i* %ock$ 8 consci5ce8 ,,russia ,,& ,,! ,,ea/4 ,! cruel & sangu9>y p]secution ( ,ca?olics 9 ! ,russian ,empire 0 a cause ( int5se sorr[ to ,pius ,,ix4 ,he c\ld d no?+ t[>ds alleviat+ ! suff]+s ( ^? un=tunate p4 ,! ,ts>1 ,alex&] ,,ii41 %[s 9 8 treatm5t ( 8 ,ru!nian subjects ( ! unit$ ,greek ,*ur*1 t he is :olly unwor?y ( ! reputation = enlight5m5t & b5evol5ce ) :i* he has be5 cr$it$4 ,! ,empress1 inde$1 is blam$1 toge!r ) h] fanatical favorite1 ,melle4 ,blud[1 ! ,m9i/] ( ,public ,in/ruction1 ,tol/oy1 & ,gromeka1 ,gov]nor ( ,si$lce1 = hav+ urg$ him to use ! p[] ( ! empire 9 =c+ conv]sions to ,russo-,greek or?odoxy4 ,t ! heads ( a semi-b>b>\s nation %\ld s advise is n surpris+4 ,! ,ts>1 :o is an absolute mon>*1 _c be excus$4 ,!re is e reason1 besides1 = hold+ him p]sonally responsible4 ,:5 he 0 at ,w>saw1 a peasant woman1 be>+ a petition1 succe$$ 9 obta9+ admission to 8 pres5ce4 ,z soon z he le>n$ t ! petition begg$ tol]ation = ! unit$ ,greek ,*ur*1 he repli$ by ins]t+ 9 all ! newspap]s a confirmation ( ! ord]s =m]ly giv5 = ! ext9ction ( t *ur*4 ,c\nt ,alex&r[icz de ,con/ant9ovo 0 repeat$ly w>n$ by ! ,russian au?orities t he _h no "r to att5d ! ,lat9 *ur*es1 :i*1 be+ less p]secut$1 7 a refuge = ! unit$ ,greeks1 :51 inde$1 z 0 r>ely ! case1 !y 7 all[$ to enjoy x4 ,! ,c\nt1 hop+ to be m lib]ally dealt ) by ! enlight5$ ,ts>1 :o 0 said to surpass 9 all t 0 great & noble1 8 tol]ant pr$ecessor1 ,alex&] ,i41 proce$$ to ,/4 ,pet]sburgh4 ,! ,ts> made a reply to 8 repres5tation1 :i*1 9 ! case ( an ord9>y mortal1 w\ld be tak5 = a pro( ( /upidity1 or ( imp5etrable ignorance4 8,! ,or?odox religion is pleas+ to me4 ,:y %\ld x n please y also80 ,x rema9$ only = ! ,c\nt to sell 8 prop]ties & ab&on 8 c\ntry4 ,m humble memb]s ( ! obnoxi\s *ur* c\ld n s easily escape4 ,! savage treatm5t to :i* !y 7 subject$ c only be briefly allud$ to "h4 ,a p]secution :i* has la/$ m ?an a hundr$ ye>s1 & is n yet at an end1 is m a subject = ! g5]al hi/ory ( ! *ur* ?an = ! life ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,a few facts1 !re=e1 mu/ suffice4 ,9 ! important diocese ( ,*elm1 p>ticul>ly1 ! mo/ +5i\s devices 7 _h rec\rse to1 9 ord] to delude ! ,ca?olic p1 & induce !m to comply ) ! requirem5ts ( ! ,russo-,greek ,*ur*4 ,all ^! fail+1 =ce 0 _h rec\rse to1 & x 0 us$1 assur$ly1 )\t /9t or measure4 ,seizure ( prop]ty1 imprisonm5t1 ! la% & exile to ,sib]ia1 prov$ equally unavail+1 z p]secution1 9 e =m1 mu/ always be4 ,great] excesses 7 !n _h rec\rse to4 ,!y :o d>$ to p]=m a pilgrimage1 take "p 9 a religi\s procession1 or ent] a ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 7 %ot d[n l ! wild game ( ! =e/s1 by ! fanatical myrmidons ( ! ,ts>4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahgd1 ! p ( ,rudno 7 =c$ to ab&on _! dwell+s & take refuge 9 ! woods4 ,at ,*mal[ski1 sev]al unit$ ,greeks1 ( :om ?ree 7 wom51 7 flogg$ to dea? by ,cossack troops4 ,at ,pratul91 9 ! di/rict ( ,jan[1 :5 a numb] ( p assembl$ 9 a cemet]y1 7 gu>d+ ! door ( ! *ur* aga9/ apo/ate prie/s1 a ,g]man colonel1 :o comm&$ ?ree companies ( ,cossacks1 ord]$ 8 troops to fire4 ,n9e ( ! p fell dead on ! spot4 ,a great _m m 7 mortally w\nd$4 ,( ^! f\r di$ )9 ! day4 8,?us does ! ,ts> puni% rebels10 said ! savage colonel to ! mayors ( ! neighbor+ villages1 :om he _h =c$ to witness ! execution4 ,at ,dryl[1 five m5 7 sla9 on ! same day1 & 9 ! same cruel way z at ,pratul94 ,s rec5tly z ,augu/1 #ahgj1 a body ( peasants1 return+ f a pilgrimage1 7 attack$ by ,russian soldi]s4 ,!y def5d$ !mselves bravely1 z be/ !y c\ld1 ) no bett] weapons ?an _! walk+ canes4 ,six ( ! troops fell1 & ?irty1 "o ( :om 0 an (fic]1 7 w\nd$4 ,re9=cem5ts com+ to ! aid ( ! milit>y1 ! peasants 7 defeat$1 & a great numb] ( !m kill$ & w\nd$4 ,among ! latt] 7 _m wom51 & sev5 *ildr54 ,two hundr$ arre/s 7 made1 ! next & foll[+ days4 ,! prison]s 7 at fir/ immur$ 9 ! ,citadel ( ,w>saw4 ,x is n probable t !y w ev] be all[$ to visit _! k9dr$ or _! native villages4 ,pius ,,ix41 be+ p>tially in=m$ ( su* cruelties1 :i* x 0 utt]ly beyond 8 p[] to prev5t1 wrote to ! ,unit$ ,greek ,ar*bi%op ( ,lemb]g1 ,sembratovicz1 conjur+ him to s5d to ! sorely p]secut$ p all ! help 9 8 p[]1 bo? spiritual & mat]ial4 ,he decl>$1 at ! same "t1 by ! ,bull1 8omnem sollicitud9em0 dat$ #ac? ,may1 #ahgd1 t ! ,liturgies prop] to ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*es1 & p>ticul>ly t ( ! ,unit$ ,greeks1 :i* 0 settl$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tamose1 9 #agbj1 7 always held 9 high e/eem by ! ,holy ,see1 & ought to be c>efully pres]v$4 ,he>+ t a ,bull :i* conc]n$ !m _h arriv$ f ,rome1 ! ,ru!nian peasants s5t secretly to ,lemb]g1 9 ord] to procure x4 ,_! envoys ent]+ ,galicia )\t passports1 incurr$ ! risk ( be+ s5t to ,sib]ia4 ,:5 ! ,bull 0 once obta9$1 ! p assembl$ 9 gr\ps1 9 remote places1 & any "o :o c\ld read1 read x to ! re/ ( ! company4 ,x 0 held 9 honor z a relic4 ,:5 ! ,russians discov]$ t ! ,bull 0 kn[n to ! p1 !y did _! be/ to cause x to be misund]/ood1 bo? among ! cl]gy & ! laity4 ,!y insi/$1 ev51 t ! ,pope _h disc>d$ ! ,greek rite2 t h5ce=?1 !y :o adh]$ to ,rome1 c\ld n celebrate ei!r ! ,mass ( ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om or t ( ,/4 ,basil1 & t ! m>riage ( secul> prie/s1 toge!r ) ! ,sclavonic language1 w\ld cease to be tol]at$4 ,x has be5 attempt$ to conceal f ! civiliz$ _w ! m atroci\s circum/ances ( ! ,russian p]secution4 ,b ! d>ke/ de$s ( ! d>ke/ despotism _c be always done 9 ! d>k4 ,! press ( cont95tal ,europe has in=m$ ! public m9d4 ,if any?+ 7 want+ to satisfy ,engli% read]s1 g5]ally1 x w\ld be f\nd 9 ! despat* ( ,mr4 ,m>%all ,jewell1 ,m9i/] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 at ,/4 ,pet]sburgh1 to ,mr4 ,secret>y ,fi%4 ,?is docum5t is dat$ at ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,legation at ,/4 ,pet]sburgh1 #bcrd ,febru>y1 #ahgd4 ,! m9i/] beg9s by /at+ t he took great pa9s to be correctly in=m$1 reg>d+ ! /ate ( matt]s1 be=e writ+ 8 report4 ,?is1 he adds1 0 n done )\t difficulty1 z ! affair 0 kept v quiet at ,/4 ,pet]sburgh4 ,c]ta9 repressive measures = ! conv]sion ( ! ,ru!nian ,ca?olics hav+ prov$ inadequate1 8new & m /r+5t ord]s 7 giv5 a few weeks lat]4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ^! ord]s1 sev]al prie/s 7?irty-f\r1 ,i h be5 told7 :o p]si/$ 9 p]=m+ ! =m] s]vices1 7 arre/$4 ,9 "s localities ! peasants refus$ to g to ! *ur*es :5 ! ,or?odox prie/s (ficiat$1 until !y 7 =c$ to g by ! troops4 ,9 o!r localities !y assembl$ 9 cr[ds1 %ut ! *ur*es1 & prev5t$ ! prie/s f p]=m+ ! (fices4 ,9 "o case1 x is said1 a prie/ 0 /on$ to dea?4 ,conflicts arose betwe5 ! peasants & ! arm$ =ce4 ,on su* occasions _m p]sons 7 maltreat$1 & 9 ! case ( ! village ( ,drel[--#bh? ,febru>y--?irty peasants 7 sla91 & _m m w\nd$4 ,x is said1 ev51 t sev]al soldi]s 7 kill$4 ,x is report$ t ! prisons at ,lubl9 & ,kielce are cramm$ ) prison]s4 ,! peasants h also be5 flogg$1 m5 receiv+ fifty1 wom5 tw5ty-five1 & *ildr5 t5 la%es ea*4 ,"s wom51 m det]m9$ & outspok5 ?an ! re/1 7 puni%$ ) a hundr$ la%es4 ,l tr\bles1 x is said1 h occurr$ at ,pratul9 & o!r localities1 ) loss ( life4444 ,la/ summ]1 ! peasants ( div]s villages1 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,lubl91 7 con/antly oblig$ to submit to exam9ation1 & to appe> be=e ! c\rts4 ,x 01 9 consequ5ce1 impossible = !m to cultivate _! fields2 &1 h5ce1 !y h be5 r$uc$ almo/ to a /ate ( fam9e4 7,sign$47 ,,m>%all ,,jewell40 ,,! ,,ea/--,,*ur* ,,9 ,,! ,,turki% ,,empire4 ,x is comp>atively an easy und]tak+ to create tr\ble & di/urbance 9 ! *ur*4 ,x is n s easy1 h[ev]1 to e/abli% a s*ism4 ,! ,prussian *ancellor le>n$ ?is fact :5 he beheld ! failure ( 8 alt-,ca?olic s*eme 9 ,g]many4 ,hav+ tri$ ! same game 9 ,turkey1 8 projects1 not)/&+ ! aid & c\nt5ance ( ! ,mussulman ,p[]1 prov$ abortive4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! sublime ,porte _h be5 v tol]ant hi!rto1 z reg>d$ its ,ca?olic subjects4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,pius ,,ix4 x _h concurr$ ) ! ,holy ,see 9 e/abli%+ a ,ca?olic bi%op at ,j]usalem2 x protect$ pilgrimages & processions2 x favor$ colleges & in/itutions = ecclesia/ical education2 & to su* a degree t1 "u its auspices & ?r\gh its c>e1 !re are sev]al fl\ri%+ sem9>ies :i* r5ew ! intellectual life ( ! p :o foll[ ! ,lat9 rite4 ,a unit$ ,bulg>ian *ur* has be5 f\nd$ & is daily ga9+ /r5g?4 ,! ,m>onites are almo/ completely re/or$ aft] ! disa/] ( #ahfj4 ,! numb] ( ,greek ,ca?olics or ,mel*ites1 has be5 almo/ d\bl$1 s great is ! numb] ( conv]sions4 ,! same may be said ( ! ,*aldean or ,arm5ian ,ca?olics4 ,^! la/ are probably ! be/ in=m$ & ! mo/ influ5tial ( ! ,*ri/ian populations "u ! ,sultan's rule4 ,prussian intrigue1 & a mom5t>y r5ewal ( ,mussulman fanaticism1 h done mu* to *eck1 if n :olly to de/roy ?is happy /ate ( ?+s4 ,"o ,kupelian1 aspir+ to be patri>* ( ,arm5ia1 0 put =w>d by ri* & influ5tial p>ties z ! adm9i/rator ( _! nation1 & !y succe$$ 9 obta9+ f ! ,porte 8 inve/iture1 z ! only true ,head ( ! ,arm5ian ,ca?olics4 ,! legitimate *ief1 ,hass\m1 ,patri>* ( ,cilicia1 prote/$4 ,9 va91 h[ev]1 z ,france 0 no long] able to ma9ta9 8 "r4 ,! la/ ambassador ( t c\ntry repres5t+ ,napoleon ,,iii41 _h ev5 support$ ! pret5sions & favor$ ! ma*9ations ( ! ,kupelianites4 ,! ,porte 0 induc$ to treat ,hass\m z a s$iti\s p]son1 & bani%$ him f ! c\ntry4 ,! exile f\nd 8 way to ,rome1 :]e he 0 k9dly receiv$ by ,pius ,,ix4 ,he did n return to ,con/ant9ople till #ahgf4 ,mean:ile1 p]secution 0 cruelly c>ri$ on4 ,bi%ops 7 expell$ f _! sees1 rectors f _! p>i%es1 *ur*es1 mona/]ies & hospitals 7 seiz$ by =ce ( arms4 ,at ,damascus1 ,br\ssa1 ,s9ope1 ,m>dyn1 ,moss\l1 all ! pr9cipal t[ns ( ! ,ottoman ,empire1 ,arm5ian ,ca?olics 7 =cibly driv5 f _! *ur*es1 9 ord] to make room = m]e h&fuls ( ,kupeliani/s4 ,! p]secution ext5d$ z f> z ,cairo4 ,at ,augora1 twelve ?\s& ,arm5ian ,ca?olics 7 dispossess$ 9 favor ( twelve diss5t]s1 "o ( ^! twelve be+ an apo/ate monk1 ! delegate ( ,kupelian4 ,at ,adana1 ! *ur*1 ! s*ool1 & ! resid5ce ( ! ,ca?olic ,arm5ian bi%op1 ) all ! rev5ues atta*$ !reto1 became ! prey ( two individuals1 a prie/ & a lay p]son4 ,at ,trebizonde1 ! bi%op 0 expell$ by ,russian bayonettes1 & di$ ( grief4 ,! value ( prop]ty tak5 f ,ca?olics is e/imat$ at "o hundr$ millions ( livres4 ,= :at1 x may be ask$1 0 ! p[] ( an empire ex]cis$1 & s mu* robb]y p]petrat$8 ,9 favor1 at lea/1 "o w\ld say1 ( "s important sect8 ,no su* ?+4 ,x 0 all = ! w\ld-be ,kupelian s*ism1 sev5 hundr$ /rong4 ,x is ne$less "h to say h[ soon ! deg5]ate ,sultan1 ,abdul ,aziz1 & 8 prev>icat+ empire met _! rew>d1 :il/ ! legitimate ,arm5ian patri>*1 ,hass\m1 s long ! victim ( p]secution1 has be5 re/or$1 is honor$ by ! gov]nm5t ( 8 c\ntry & held 9 ! highe/ e/eem by ! ,*ief ,pa/or ( ! ,*ri/ian fold4 ,all ?is 0 =etold by ,pius ,,ix41 al?\gh1 inde$1 ! ,holy ,pontiff pret5d$ n to utt] a prophecy4 ,9 a lett] int5d$ = ! consolation ( ! bani%$ ,ar*bi%op ( ,m>dyn1 9 ,mesopotamia1 & ! ,arm5ian ,ca?olics1 he says3 8,x behooves u n to lose c\rage1 nor to believe t ! triumph ( iniquity w be ( long cont9uance4 ,=1 does n ! ,scripture say3 #8,! wick$ man is caught 9 8 own p]v]sity2 he is b\nd by ! *a9s ( 8 crimes1 & he :o digs a pit = o!rs w fall into x himself3 he :o ca/s a /one into ! pa? ( 8 neighbor1 w /rike aga9/ x & /umble2 f9ally1 he :o lays a sn>e = ano!r w be caught !re9 himself4' ,?is w>1 v5]able1 bro!r1 is wag$1 n s mu* aga9/ m5 z aga9/ ,god4 ,x is because ( hatr$ to 8 "n t 8 m9i/]s & fai?ful p are p]secut$4 ,p]secution con/itutes _! m]it & _! glory4 ,god w at l5g? arise & v9dicate 8 cause4 ,:il/ ,i applaud y\r firmness1 ,i mo/ e>ne/ly exhort y nev] to let x fail y1 b to possess y\r s\l 9 pati5ce1 to wait confid5tly1 &1 at ! same "t1 c\rage\sly1 = y rely n on y\r own /r5g?1 b on ! p[] ( ,god1 ^: cause y ma9ta94 ,y\r con/ancy w confirm t ( y\r bre?r5 ( ! cl]gy & ( ! flock confid$ to y\r c>e4 ,x w lead to a moral victory1 assur$ly m brilliant & m solid ?an ! ephem]al success ( viol5ce40 ,x 0 n long till ! news ( ! day bore t _m di/+ui%$ p]sons 7 return+ to ! "o fold4 ,a moral victory = ! ,arm5ian ,ca?olics 0 foll[+ fa/ 9 ! wake ( successful =ce4 ,! numb] ( ,kupeliani/s 0 dim9i%+4 ,! *ur*es & *ur* prop]ties ( ,adana & ,diabekir1 7 ab&on$ by !m 9 #ahgf1 & ! s*ism 0 9 c\rse ( be+ ext+ui%$4 ,! ,*aldean patri>*1 ,audon1 ra%ly und]took to e/abli% a s*ism4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,febru>y1 #ahgc1 he 0 reconcil$ to ,pius ,,ix41 & reliev$ f ! c5sures :i* he _h incurr$4 ,! ,*aldean ,ca?olics gave a great deal ( tr\ble4 ,h[ev] anxi\sly ,pius ,,ix4 labor$ = _! salvation1 !y are insignificant 9 po9t ( numb]s1 sc>cely z _m z w\ld con/itute a p>i% 9 any ( our cities4 ,any fur!r hi/orical notice ( !m may1 !re=e1 be v prop]ly disp5s$ )4 ,,*9a--,,india--,,japan--,,wond]ful ,,*ange4 ,*9a1 :]e ! light ( ,*ri/ianity has s\ght s long to p5etrate & dispel ! dismal gloom ( hea!n d>kness1 may n[1 at l5g?1 be said to enjoy ! greate/ possible degree ( religi\s lib]ty4 ,! ,european ,p[]s1 ,great ,brita9 & ,france1 :il/ secur+ ! fre$om ( trade1 & g5]ally t int]c\rse :i* is cu/om>y betwe5 civiliz$ nations1 neglect$ n1 at ! same "t1 to e/abli% su* relations z r5d] safe & available ! labors ( ,*ri/ian mission>ies4 ,if1 9 ,tonqu91 !re occurr$ a fe>ful massacre ( ,*ri/ians1 x 0 due to ! indiscretion ( a ,fr5* (fic] :o exce$$ 8 ord]s1 & excit$ aga9/ 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 & ! ,*ri/ian populations1 g5]ally1 ! ang] ( ! pagan ,m&>9s4 ,! v5geance ( ^! *iefs 0 prompt1 sweep+ & cruel4 ,9 ! localities inhabit$ by ,*ri/ians only "s wom5 & little *ildr5 7 sp>$4 ,n a h\se 0 left4 ,! ,fr5* gov]nm5t probably1 f unwill+ness to recognize1 9 any way1 ! action ( its (fic]1 refra9$ f puni%+ ^! atrocities4 ,a treaty1 plac+ ! :ole c\ntry ( ,tonqu9 "u ! protection ( ,france1 0 conclud$ ) ! ,emp]or ( ,aunam1 :o is ! ,liege ,"l ( ,tonqu91 & ?us lib]ty to prea* ! ,gospel secur$ = ! future4 ,9 ,india & ,we/]n ,*9a1 lib]ty ( consci5ce has long prevail$4 ,pius ,,ix4 01 9 consequ5ce1 enabl$ to increase ! numb] ( vic>iates-apo/olic 9 ^? c\ntries1 z well z 9 ,*9a prop]1 9 proportion to ! gr[? ( ! fai?ful p1 h[ev] inconsid]able x 01 z yet 9 ! mid/ ( c\ntless numb]s ( hea!ns & ,mahometans4 ,! ,pontificate ( ,pius ,,ix4 w\ld be = ev] memorable1 if only on acc\nt ( ! new era :i* appe>s1 at l5g?1 to h dawn$ = ! long b5ight$ empire ( ,japan4 ,t empire 0 z a seal$ book to all ,*ri/ian nations4 ,z is well kn[n1 no travell] or m]*ant f any ,*ri/ian l& c\ld set foot on its t]ritory )\t fir/ p]=m+ ! revolt+ c]emony ( trampl+ on ! *ief emblem ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,at "o "t1 nev]!less1 !re 7 _m ,*ri/ians 9 ,japan1 &1 z w be se51 hea!n prejudice & p]secution _h n be5 able to ext+ui% ! ,div9e light4 ,x may be conceiv$ h[ se>*+ & cruel ! p]secution 0 :5 x is rememb]$ t1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 !re 7 two millions ( ,*ri/ians1 &1 ab\t ! same "t1 almo/ z _m m>tyrs4 ,all mission>ies :o1 s9ce #afcj1 l&$ on ! inhospitable %ores ( ,japan1 7 imm$iately seiz$1 tortur$1 & put to dea?4 ,x 0 g5]ally believ$ t ! ,*ri/ian p 7 totally ext]m9at$4 ,pius ,,ix41 not)/&+1 z if actuat$ by "s secret inspiration1 ! v fir/ ye> ( 8 ,pontificate1 creat$ a vic>iate-apo/olic ( ,japan4 ,sev]al endeavors to ent] into communication ) ! ,japanese 7 made2 b1 = a long "t1 to no purpose4 ,! seal$-up empire1 at l5g?1 op5$ its ports to ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,su* 0 ! p[] ( trade4 ,! o!r civiliz$ nations c\ld no long] be exclud$4 ,japan conclud$ a treaty ) ,france by virtue ( :i* ! subjects ( ! latt] ,/ate 7 secur$ 9 ! free ex]cise ( _! religion among ! ,japanese4 ,mgr4 ,petitjean1 :o 01 at ! "t1 ! vic>-apo/olic1 avail$ himself ( su* favorable relations to erect a *ur* at ,yokohama1 & e/abli% 8 resid5ce at ,nagasaki4 ,all ?is 0 happily accompli%$ "u ! enc\rag+ auspices ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,"o day1 z ! vic>-apo/olic _h conclud$ ! celebration ( ,mass1 "s inhabitants ( a l>ge village nam$ ,ourakami1 ne> ! city1 came to him ) c\nt5ances1 expressive1 at ! same "t1 ( joy & fe>4 ,address+ him1 !y said3 8,h y & y\r prie/s r5\nc$ m>riage1 & d y honor 9 y\r pray]s ! ,"m ( ,*ri/80 ,! mission>y reply+ 9 ! affirmative1 ! ,japanese fell on _! knees & exclaim$3 8,y are1 inde$1 ! disciples ( ,sa9t ,francis ,xavi]1 our fir/ apo/le4 ,y are ! true bre?r5 ( our =m] ,jesuit ,fa!rs4 ,at la/1 aft] a lapse ( two hundr$ ye>s1 we behold1 once m1 ! prie/s ( ! true fai?60 ,!y gave ?anks to ,god1 %$d+ abundance ( te>s1 ) :i* m+l$ ^? ( ! good mission>y2 8religion10 !y add$1 8is free only to /rang]s4 ,! law has n ceas$ to puni% u ,japanese ,ca?olics ) dea?4 ,no matt]2 receive u1 nev]!less1 & in/ruct u4 ,! lapse ( "t & ! want ( books h1 p]haps1 disfigur$ 9 our memories ! tea*+s ( tru?4 ,!re w happ5 to u :atev] x %all please ,god to appo9t40 ,f\r ?\s& families1 compris+ f\rte5 ?\s& individuals1 _h secretly p]sev]$1 cl++ to ! ,ca?olic fai? s9ce ! days ( ! ,apo/olic ,xavi]4 ,not)/&+ all ! prud5ce ( ! mission>ies1 ! secret ( _! relations ) ! natives became kn[n to ! local police1 & m ?an f\r ?\s& inhabitants ( ,ourakami 7 arre/$1 ba/9ado$1 imprison$ or transport$ to ! ,nor?4 ,_! puni%m5t la/$ f\r ye>s4 ,"o-?ird ( _! numb] di$ ( want1 b few ( !m gave way4 ,! survivors ( ^! p]secut$ p 7 f9ally re/or$ to _! c\ntry1 & ?r\gh ! repres5tations ( ! ,european consuls1 religi\s lib]ty 0 grant$1 at lea/1 provisionally1 to natives z well z /rang]s4 ,?us did ,pius ,,ix41 at l5g?1 enjoy ! consolation to behold1 e/abli%$ 9 peace1 ! *ur* :i* ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] _h plant$ 9 ! ,empire ( ,japan1 & :i* 0 s celebrat$ 9 ! annals ( ,*ri/ian h]oism4 ,,p]secution ,,9 ,,brazil4 ,gonsalvez de ,oliveira1 ,bi%op ( ,ol9da1 _h f\nd x necess>y to w>n 8 diocesans aga9/ ! ma*9ations ( c]ta9 secret societies1 :i* 7 alike ho/ile to ! ,*ur* & to ! ,/ate4 ,!y _h obta9$ s mu* influ5ce ) ! latt] z to be able to attack1 ) impunity1 ! ,si/]s ( ,*>ity1 & ! prie/s ( ! ,laz>i/ congregation1 z well z all o!r zeal\s prie/s :o s\ght to re/ore ! discipl9e ( ! *ur*4 ,:il/1 on ! "o h&1 ! bi%op 0 su/a9$ by ! congratulations & enc\ragem5t ( ! ,holy ,see1 & by ! def]5ce to ecclesia/ical au?ority ( _m ,ca?olics :o _h be5 accu/om$ to consid] ! secret societies z mo/ in(f5sive associations1 he 0 urg$1 on ! o!r h&1 by ! fury ( ! *iefs ( ^? societies1 :o1 alone1 "k all t !y aim at & hold secret4 ,! ,emp]or1 ,don ,p$ro ,,ii41 influ5c$ by 8 free-?9k+ ent\rage1 judg$ t ! pa/oral lett] %\ld be d5\nc$ to ! ,c\ncil ( ,/ate4 ,! c\ncillors decl>$ t x 0 an illegal docum5t1 n hav+ receiv$ ! ,imp]ial placet 8requir$ by ! ,con/itution ( ! ,empire40 ,n[ comm5c$ ! mo/ he>tless1 &1 z is always ! case1 unavail+ p]secution4 ,by ord] ( ! m9i/ry1 ! procurator-g5]al summon$ ! ,bi%op ( ,ol9da be=e ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,rio ,janeiro4 ,! intrepid prelate repli$ by a lett]1 9 :i* he decl>$ t he c\ld n1 9 consci5ce1 appe> be=e ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 because x 0 impossible to d s1 )\t ackn[l$g+ ! compet5ce ( a civil c\rt 9 matt]s purely religi\s4 ,on #crd ,janu>y1 #ahgd1 ! bi%op 0 ord]$ to g to prison4 ,he intimat$ t he w\ld yield only to =ce4 ,! *ief ( police1 accord+ly1 accompani$ by two army (fic]s1 repair$ to ! ,episcopal palace1 & conduct$ ,mgr4 de ,oliveira to ! port :]e a %ip ( w> 0 9 att5dance1 to transport him to ! m>itime ars5al ( ,rio ,janeiro1 "o ( ! mo/ un:olesome /ations 9 ,brazil4 ,!re ! illu/ri\s prison] 0 visit$ by ,mgr4 ,lac]da1 ,bi%op ( ,rio ,janeiro1 :o took (f 8 pectoral cross1 :i* 0 a family keep-sake1 & plac+ x ar\nd ! neck ( ,mgr4 ,oliveira1 said3 8,my ,"l1 y h full jurisdiction ?r\gh\t ?is l& to :i* y are br\ght z a captive4 ,my cl]gy1 ! *apt] ( my ca!dral1 all w be mo/ happy to obey y\r ord]s4 ,h ! goodness to bless u all4 ,! bless+ ( ^? :o suff] p]secution 9 ! cause ( ,*ri/ is a pl$ge ( salvation40 ,bi%op ,lac]da1 be=e retir+1 h&$ to ! prison] a l>ge sum ( money1 9 ord] t he %\ld want = no?+1 & promis$ to r5ew 8 visit z (t5 z ! gaol]s w\ld p]mit4 ,almo/ all ! bi%ops ( ,brazil s5t congratulatory telegrams to ! imprison$ bi%op4 ,"o ( !m w5t s f> z to id5tify himself ) ! action ( ! ,bi%op ( ,ol9da1 by do+ 9 l mann]4 ,x 0 ! ,bi%op ( ,p>a1 :o 0 spe$ily transf]r$ f 8 ,episcopal palace to prison4 ,! adm9i/rator :o fill$ 8 place1 hav+ refus$ to remove ! int]dict :i* _h be5 pron\nc$ aga9/ c]ta9 confrat]nities :i* admitt$ memb]s ( ! secret societies1 0 condemn$ on #be? ,april1 #ahge1 to six ye>s ( =c$ p5al labor4 ,f\r ye>s ( ! l torture 7 decre$ aga9/ ! adm9i/rator ( ,ol9da = a simil> (f5ce4 ,s mu* = ! humanit>ian ,emp]or ( ,brazil & 8 enlight5$ advis]s4 ,x 0 n long till new elections rais$ to p[]1 m5 :o _h m respect = ! ,episcopal (fice1 & ! wret*$ ,brazilian p]secution came to an end4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,ol9da 0 no soon] set at lib]ty ?an he repair$ to ,rome1 9 ord] to give an acc\nt ( 8 conduct to ,pius ,,ix4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r gave him e pro( ( ! w>me/ affection4 ,! less] ,/ates ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 :i*1 on be+ emancipat$ f ! yoke ( ,spa91 _h *os5 ! republican =m ( gov]nm5t1 became a s\rce ( int5se anxiety to ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,v5ezuela1 ,*ili1 ! ,arg5t9e ,republic1 &1 ev5 ,hayti1 appe> to h be5 seiz$ ) ! _s ( ! "t4 ,!y _h become too great1 "o w\ld say1 to accept humbly ! tea*+s ( religion4 ,ev5 ,*ili1 :]e comp>ative mod]ation prevail$1 made an attempt to subord9ate 9 all ?+s1 spiritual z well z temporal1 ! ,*ur* to ! ,/ate4 ,! bi%ops1 z 9 duty b\nd1 prote/$2 &1 be+ unanim\sly support$ by ! p1 ! attack ( ,*ilian free-?9k]s1 on public peace & lib]ty1 0 ab&on$4 ,! tr\ble 9 ,hayti arose m f a desire1 on ! "p ( ! negroes1 to h native prie/s ?an any real ho/ility to religion4 ,! gov]nm5t ignorantly assum$ ! "r to appo9t ! *ief adm9i/rators ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! p 7 pa9fully affect$ by ?is unw>rantable encroa*m5t on ! spiritual p[]4 ,x 0 h>dly to be suppos$ t ,p]u %\ld be out ( ! fa%ion4 ,pius ,,ix4 appe>s1 h[ev]1 to h settl$ ! difficulties ( ! ,p]uvians1 by grant+ to _! presid5ts ! same "r ( patronage :i* 0 =m]ly enjoy$ by ! ,k+s ( ,spa94 ,! religi\s tr\bles ( ,mexico 7 n s easily compos$4 ,! civil au?orities ( t sadly unsettl$ republic1 urg$1 x is believ$1 by ! secret societies1 aim$ at no?+ less ?an ! total suppression ( religion4 ,on #bd? ,novemb]1 #ahgd1 !y decre$ t no public function>y or body ( (ficials1 :e!r civil or milit>y1 %\ld att5d any religi\s (fice :atsoev]4 8,! ,sunday or ,sabba? day10 !y impi\sly rul$1 8%all h5ce=? be tol]at$ only 9 z f> z x af=ds re/ to public employees40 ,religi\s in/ruction1 toge!r ) all practices ( religion1 0 prohibit$ 9 all ! e/abli%m5ts ( ! f$]ation ( ! ,/ates & ! municipalities4 ,no religi\s act c\ld be done except 9 ! *ur*es1 & !re1 only1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! police4 ,no religi\s in/itution 0 au?oriz$ to acquire real e/ate or any capital accru+ f su* prop]ty4 ,article n9ete5 ( ?is dete/able legislation1 & :i* 0 c>ri$ by "o hundr$ & ?irte5 to fifty-sev5 votes1 int]dict$ ! ,si/]s ( ,*>ity f liv+ 9 community & we>+ publicly _! co/ume4 ,?us 7 expell$ f ,mexico f\r hundr$ si/]s1 :o p]=m$ _! *>itable (fices 9 ! hospitals1 s*ools & asylums ( ! c\ntry4 ,public op9ion 0 r\s$1 b to no purpose4 ,! good si/]s 7 all[$ to emb>k = ,france1 be>+ ) !m ! fate ( ?\s&s ( ! un=tunate4 ,!y may1 p]haps1 be replac$ by ! ,prussian *ancellor's deaconesses2 ( ?is si/]hood1 ! be/ suit$ = ! ,mexican climate1 w\ld1 no d\bt1 be t portion :i* fl$ f ,smyrna on ! approa* ( an epidemic4 ,,ecuador4 ,9 ! mid/ ( s _m discont5t$1 turbul5t1 p]secut+1 semi-b>b>\s ,/ates1 !re 0 "o :]e !re 0 nei!r discont5t1 nor turbul5ce1 nor p]secution4 ,?is favor$ ,republic ( ,ecuador 0 9 close communion ) ,pius ,,ix41 & its presid5t disc>d+ all ! f9e-spun views & *im]ical !ories ( ! "t1 rul$1 z became ! *ief ( a free ,/ate1 accord+ to ! wi%es & ! g5]ally accept$ pr9ciples ( 8 p4 ,a republic1 s gov]n$1 provid$ x rema9 uncorrupt1 _c fail to enjoy ! highe/ degree ( prosp]ity compatible ) its position & mat]ial res\rces4 ,n only did ,ecuador itself enjoy ! fruits ( its truly free & rationally republican gov]nm5t1 x 0 able also to ext5d ! bless+s ( its ,*ri/ian & lib]al civilization to neighbor+ tribes4 ,mov$ by ! example & ! repres5tations ( ! good p ( ,ecuador1 n9e ?\s& savages ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,ori5te 7 induc$ to adopt ! habits ( ,*ri/ian civilization4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! enlight5$ presid5t1 ,g>cia ,mor5o1 0 s abundantly bless$ t1 9 twelve ye>s1 ! trade ( ,ecuador 0 d\bl$1 z 7 also ! numb] ( its s*ools & ! sum ( its public rev5ues4 ,s bright an illu/ration ( ! good-work+ ( s\nd pr9ciples 0 n to be tol]at$4 ,! love ( a grateful & prosp]\s p c\ld n protect _! great & successful fell[-citiz5s aga9/ ! weapons ( secret conspirators4 ,political fanatics1 :o 7 /rang]s 9 ,ecuador1 & :o1 accord+ to _! own decl>ation1 bore no p]sonal ill-w to ! presid5t1 /ruck ! fatal bl[4 8,i die10 said ! illu/ri\s victim1 z he expir$1 8b ,god die? n60 ,! assass9s 7 !y :o hold t ,god has no bus9ess 9 ?is _w4 8,dixit insipicus2 non e/ ,deus40 ,pius ,,ix4 lam5t$ ! dea? ( ,g>cia ,mor5o1 z he _h lam5t$ "s sev5-&-tw5ty ye>s be=e1 ! untimely fate ( 8 own m9i/]1 ,c\nt ,rossi4 ,he extoll$ ! ,presid5t ( ,ecuador 9 sev]al allocutions1 z ! *ampion ( true civilization & its m>tyr4 ,he caus$ 8 obsequies to be solemniz$ 9 "o ( ! ,basilicas ( ,rome1 ov] :i* he /ill held au?ority1 & ord]$ t 8 bu/ %\ld be plac$ 9 "o ( ! gall]ies ( ! ,vatican4 ,9 ! e/imation ( a c]ta9 class ( politicians1 ,mor5o 0 beh9d ! age4 ,9 reality he 0 f> 9 advance ( x4 ,! mania = ,godless gov]nm5t1 ,godless education1 ,godless mann]s1 & g5]ally a ,godless /ate ( society1 is only a pass+ phase on ! face ( ! _w4 ,if1 inde$1 x be any?+ m1 woe to mank9d6 ,despair only c h>bor ! idea ( its long cont9uance4 ,! social & political *aos :i* d>k5s ! age1 mu/1 surely1 a little soon] or a little lat]1 give way to t ord] :i* is heav5's fir/ law4 ,mor5o beheld1 ?r\gh ! /orms t rag$ ar\nd 8 infant ,/ate1 ! e>ly dawn ( ?is bett] day4 ,?is light l$ him onw>ds4 ,hi/ory w place him1 n only among h]oes & sages1 b also among ! mo/ r5[n$ initiators ( great movem5ts4 ,8 dea? is a glori\s prote/ aga9/ ! ,godless1 reckless1 revolution>y sects4 ,8 high c>e] w be z a monum5t ?r\gh\t ! c5turies1 con/antly rem9d+ mank9d t1 9 ?is age1 :i* may well be call$ ! age ( *aos & confusion--confusion 9 politics1 confusion 9 ! social ,/ate1 confusion ( ideas--!re 01 at lea/1 "o favor$ spot1 :]e tru?1 ord] & ju/ice reign$1 & !re 0 a cont5t$ & happy p4 ,,/ates ,,( ,,europe--,,switz]l&4 ,! ,prote/ant & free-?9k+ majority 9 ,switz]l& 7 jeal\s ( ! prosp]ity ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,!y mu/1 !re=e1 if possible1 divide1 & by divid+1 weak51 if n de/roy1 ! ,ca?olic body4 ,! mo/ effici5t means !y c\ld ?9k ( 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( an old or alt-,ca?olic ,*ur* on ! model ( t ( ,g]many4 ,! idea 0 at h&1 & ! elem5ts 7 n f> to seek4 ,among ! ,swiss ,ca?olic cl]gy !re 7 none s weak z to betray _! *ur*4 ,9 ! cot]m9\s c\ntry--,france1 :]e !re are fifty ?\s& p>o*ial prie/s1 "s ?irty 7 f\nd already 9 disgrace among _! bre?r51 :o 7 ready to =m ! nucleus ( ! propos$ s*ismatical *ur*4 ,! pretext 0 ! pret5d$ novelties introduc$ by ! cum5ical ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican1 :i*1 !y insi/$1 *ang$ ! "* ( ! anci5t ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! s*ism once on foot1 ! majority 9 ! ,/ate affect$ to treat ! real ,ca?olics z diss5t]s1 & ! h&ful ( s*ismatics z ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( ,switz]l&4 ,f\nd+ on ?is idea1 p]secution 0 spe$ily inaugurat$4 ,fir/ came ! secul>ization ( sev]al abbeys1 :i* ! revolution ( ! sixte5? c5tury _h respect$1 9 ! nor!rn cantons1 & ! confiscation ( ! ,*ur* ( ,zuri*1 :i* 0 h&$ ov] to ! alt-,ca?olics4 ,_! next measure 0 ! expulsion ( ,mgr4 ,m]millod1 ,bi%op ( ,hebron & ,coadjutor ( ,g5eva4 ,mgr4 ,la*at1 ,bi%op ( ,bale1 0 !n depriv$1 &1 on a purely !ological pretext1 8 public adhesion to ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican4 ,! sixty-n9e p>i% prie/s ( ,b]nese ,jura1 hav+ decl>$ 9 writ+ t !y rema9$ fai?ful to ! ,bi%op ( ,bale1 71 9 _! turn1 susp5d$ f _! (fices & driv51 at fir/1 f _! p>i%es1 & aft]w>ds f ! c\ntry4 ,z !re 0 n a suffici5t numb] ( =eign prie/s to replace ! dispossess$ cl]gy1 ! numb] ( p>i%es 0 arbitr>ily r$uc$ f sev5ty-six to tw5ty-eight4 ,x 0 regulat$ t nom9ations %\ld1 h5ce=?1 be made by ! gov]nm5t alone1 & by a s+le /roke ( ! p5 7 suppress$1 bo? ! ,concordat conclud$ ) ,rome1 9 #ahbh1 & ! act ( re-union ( #ahae1 by :i*1 :5 ,b]nese ,jura1 =m]ly ,fr5*1 0 incorporat$ ) ,switz]l&1 an engagem5t 0 made ) ,france to respect1 9 e way1 ! lib]ty ( ,ca?olic wor%ip4 ,france 0 n 9 a position1 at ! "t1 to en=ce ! t]ms ( ! treaty4 ,!y :o d>$ to call x to m9d1 accord+ly1 7 s5t to prison or heavily f9$4 ,almo/ all ! ,b]nese cl]gy1 :5 bani%$ f _! *ur*es & presbyt]ies1 s\ght %elt] & protection on ! hospitable soil ( ,france4 ,f t c\ntry !y return$ (t51 "u cov] ( night1 to _! =sak5 p>i%es1 9 ord] to adm9i/] ! sacram5ts & p]=m o!r religi\s (fices = ! consolation ( _! flocks1 ha/5+ back to ! l& ( lib]ty & safety be=e ! approa* ( day4 ,! p]secution 0 c>ri$ to su* extremes t ! ,ca?olics 7 n only depriv$ ( _! *ur*es1 b =bidd51 "u sev]e p5alties1 to assemble = ,div9e wor%ip1 ev5 9 b>ns or su*-l places4 8,z an (ficial ( ! ,/ate ( ,be>n10 wrote a s*ool inspector to a s*ool mi/ress1 8y are b\nd to /rive1 ) all y\r might1 t ! purposes ( ! said ,/ate1 z reg>ds att5dance at public wor%ip1 be c>ri$ out4 ,if y\r consci5ce does n admit ( y\r att5d+ ! ,*ur* :i* is recogniz$ & approv$ by ! gov]nm5t1 ,i leave y at lib]ty to refra9 f att5d+ any wor%ip1 b ,i =bid y to g to ! b>n1 :]e ! depriv$ p>i% prie/ (ficiates1 because ,i w\ld n h y set a bad example to y\r *ildr540 ,no enc\ragem5t or ^w ( consolation t ,pius ,,ix4 c\ld be/[1 0 want+ to 8 p]secut$ *ildr5 ( ,switz]l&4 ,9 address+ ,bi%op ,la*at1 :om he receiv$ ) e m>k ( fri5d%ip1 :5 he came to repres5t ! sad condition to :i* he 0 r$uc$1 ! ,holy ,fa!r said3 8,to y also x is n[ giv5 to exp]i5ce ! greate/ happ9ess t c fall to ! lot ( an apo/olic man4 ,?is happ9ess is ?us express$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t3 ,ibant gaud5tes1 quoniam digni habiti sunt pro nom9e ,jesu contumeliam pati4 ,!y w5t away rejoic+1 because !y 7 ?\ght wor?y to suff] reproa* = ! "n ( ,jesus40 ,! ,prussian *ancellor1 z devoid ( humanity z he 0 %ort-sight$ 9 /atesman%ip1 =bad ! exil$ cl]gy ( ,switz]l& to set foot 9 ! annex$ ,prov9ce ( ,alsace4 ,! brutal conduct ( ! *ancellor c\ld1 h[ev]1 only injure himself4 ,x /igmatizes him z a p]secutor ?r\gh\t ! ages1 z long z hi/ory %all be read1 :il/ ! suff]]s to :om he refus$ %elt] & bread1 f\nd abundant comp5sation 9 ! g5]\s hospitality ( ! ,fr5* nation4 ,m5tita e/ iniquitas sibi4 ,! p]secution br\ght little b5efit to ei!r ! ,prote/ant or infidel p>ty 9 ! ,b]nese ,legislature1 by :om x 0 inaugurat$1 :il/ ! moral p[] ( ! ,ca?olics 0 greatly increas$4 ,travell]s relate t 8! ,ca?olics ( ,jura treat ) a degree ( contempt1 z imm5se z is _! fai?1 ! apo/ate prie/s :o bani%$ ! true m9i/]s ( ,god4 ,!y assembl$ 9 b>ns & all sorts ( out-build+s1 all rema9+ fai?ful to ,god1 ! ,holy ,*ur* & _! p>i% prie/s4 ,fai? :i* slept 9 "s s\ls is reawak5$ & end[$ ) new life4 ,b]nese ,jura is m ,ca?olic ?an ev]40 ,! ,c5tral ,c\ncil ( ! ,swiss ,conf$]ation1 at l5g?1 became a%am$ ( ! +lori\s "n :i* ! ,canton ( ,be>n 0 mak+ = ! common c\ntry--! c\ntry ( ,william ,tell s highly fam$ = its love ( lib]ty & its noble hospitality4 ,p]haps1 also1 !y 7 n unconc]n$ to f9d t travell]s f o!r l&s prote/$1 9 _! way1 aga9/ ! b>b>\s p]secution1 & left _! money 9 m favor$ l&s4 ,! ,b]nese gov]nm5t 0 advis$1 ei!r to proce$ legally & regul>ly aga9/ ! p>i% prie/s1 or to recall !m4 ,!re be+ no?+ on :i* to f\nd legal proce$+s1 ! exiles return$ to _! c\ntry at ! end ( #ahge4 ,! p]secution 0 n1 h[ev]1 at an end4 ,nei!r *ur*es1 nor presbyt]ies1 nor lib]ty1 7 re/or$4 ,! fai?ful cl]gy1 ri* 9 ! fidelity ( _! devot$ flocks1 fulfill$ ! duties ( _! m9i/ry 9 ! d>kness ( night1 us+ e precaution 9 ord] to escape ! sn>es ( ! police1 & to avoid f9es & imprisonm5t1 :i* 7 n[ ! puni%m5t in/ead ( exile4 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,& ,,! ,,briti% ,,colonies4 ,tak+ leave ( ! d>k & dre>y pages :i* be> ! melan*oly record ( p]secution1 we turn1 ) a feel+ ( relief1 to ! m *e]+ picture pres5t$ by ^? c\ntries :]e ! great pr9ciple ( religi\s lib]ty has come1 at l5g?1 to be fully und]/ood4 ,x 0 a great day = ! unit$ k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 :5 ! legal disabilities :i* weigh$ s long on ! ,ca?olic p1 7 remov$4 ,x 0 ! noble & p[]ful prote/ ( a mighty empire aga9/ ! n>r[ & irrational _s ( p]secution1 :i* /ill disgraces s _m ( ! ,european nations4 ,if ev] ! ,ca?olics1 by sup]iority ( numb]s1 :i* is f> f be+ an impossible /ate ( ?+s1 %\ld come to sway ! de/9ies ( t empire1 ! glori\s fact w be rememb]$ & be> its fruit4 ,engl&1 ,irel& & ,scotl&1 already enjoy an abundant measure ( _! rew>d1 9 ! increase ( piety & ( t righte\sness :i* exalte? a nation4 ,?is is manife/ 9 _m ways4 ,x is p>ticul>ly %[n =? by ! m fri5dly feel+ t[>ds ! ,ca?olics ( ! empire :i* n[ univ]sally prevails4 ,we may n be suppos$ to "k mu*1 "h 9 ,canada1 ab\t ! /ate ( s5tim5t or op9ion 9 ,engl&4 ,b :5 we appeal to ! te/imony ( s em95t an ,engli%man z ,c>d9al ,newman1 :at we affirm _c be easily ga9said4 ,9 a disc\rse rec5tly deliv]$ at ,birm+ham1 on ! gr[? ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,engl&1 ! v le>n$ c>d9al not$ ! /rik+ contra/ betwe5 ! feel+ t[>ds ,ca?olics 9 ,c>d9al ,wiseman's "t & t ( ! pres5t day1 & acc\nt$ = ! improvem5t by %[+ t !re is n[ a mu* bett] k ( ! ,ca?olic religion among ,prote/ants4 8,:at ,i wi% to %[10 said 8 ,em95ce1 8& :at ,i believe to be ! rem>kable fact is1 t :]eas !re h be5 _m conv]sions to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 & a great deal ( ill-w felt t[>ds u1 9 consequ5ce1 nev]!less1 t ill-w has be5 ov]come1 & a feel+ ( positive good-w has be5 creat$ in/ead 9 ! m9ds ( our v enemies1 by means ( ^? conv]sions :i* !y fe>$ f _! hatr$ ( u4 ,h[ ?is 01 let me n[ say3 ,! ,ca?olics 9 ,engl&1 fifty ye>s ago1 7 an unkn[n sect among/ u4 ,n[ !re is h>dly a family b has bro!rs or si/]s1 or c\s9s or connections1 or fri5ds & acqua9tances1 or associates 9 bus9ess or "w1 ( t religion1 n to m5tion ! l>ge influx ( population f ! si/] isl&3 & su* an int]p5etration ( ,ca?olics ) ,prote/ants1 especially 9 our great cities1 c\ld n take place )\t !re be+ a gradual accumulation ( exp]i5ce1 sl[1 inde$1 b !re=e ! m sure ab\t individual ,ca?olics1 & :at !y really are 9 "*1 &1 :e!r or n1 !y c be tru/$ 9 ! conc]ns & int]c\rse ( life2 & ,i fancy t ,prote/ants1 spontane\sly1 & be=e sett+ ab\t to =m a judgm5t1 h f\nd !m to be m5 :om !y c\ld be drawn to l & to love q z mu* z _! fell[-,prote/ants--to be human be+s 9 :om !y c\ld be int]e/$ & sympa?ize )1 & int]*ange good (fices )1 be=e ! "q ( religion came into consid]ation40 ,! increase 9 ! numb] ( ,ca?olics & ( ,ca?olic in/itutions 9 ,great ,brita91 has kept pace ) ! gr[? ( fri5dly s5tim5ts 9 _! reg>d4 ,t isl&1 8! "m ( nations10 appe>s to be de/9$ to unite by means ( h] ev] spread+ language1 ! imm5se family ( mank9d4 ,= :at end & purpose none c tell4 ,! hidd5 ways ( ,div9e ,provid5ce are kn[n to ,god alone4 ,we may1 nev]!less1 9 view ( c]ta9 well-kn[n facts1 presume to draw ! veil ( my/]y aside1 & discov] s f> ! secret ( ,god's m]cy4 ,9 ,pius ! ,n9?'s "t ! numb] ( ,ca?olics has be5 d\bl$ 9 ,great ,brita91 z well z 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ,canada1 ,au/ralia1 remote ,india & ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,at ! "t ( ! election ( ,pius ,,ix41 !re 7 9 ,engl& & ,scotl& eight hundr$ & tw5ty ,ca?olic prie/s4 ,!re are n[ two ?\s& & eighty-eight47#ab7 ,! numb] ( *ur*es & *apels _h gr[n f six hundr$ & tw5ty-six to "o ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & fifte54 ,)9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s religi\s h\ses = m5 _h increas$ f tw5ty-"o to sev5ty-?ree1 & conv5ts = religi\s si/]s1 f n9ety-sev5 to two hundr$ & ?irty-n9e4 ,ca?olic s*ools & colleges _h m ?an d\bl$ _! numb]1 be+ n[ "o ?\s& ?ree hundr$1 :il/ a little ov] tw5ty ye>s ago x 0 five hundr$4 ,9 ! ,briti% colonies1 g5]ally1 includ+ ,briti% ,am]ica1 ,au/ralia1 ,india1 & ! ,we/ ,indies1 !re 71 9 #ahee1 no m ?an =ty-f\r ,episcopal ,sees1 sev]al ( :i* ow$ _! erection to ,pius ,,ix4 ,by ! ye> #ahgf1 ! solicitude ( ! same v5]able ,pontiff _h rais$ to eighty-eight1 ! numb] ( ar*bi%ops & bi%ops :o ex]cis$ ! duties ( _! sacr$ (fice1 ?r\gh\t ! ,colonial ,empire ( ,great ,brita94 ,9 ! :ole empire !re _c be few] ?an "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five prelates1 :e!r vic>s-apo/olic1 ar*bi%ops1 bi%ops1 or prefects-apo/olic4 ,9 no c\ntry h ! b5efits ( religi\s lib]ty be5 m abundantly enjoy$ ?an 9 ,canada4 ,9 #ahfi1 ! two ,prov9ces ( ,ont>io & ,quebec1 =m]ly ,canada ,we/ & ,canada ,ea/1 c\nt$ t5 dioceses & sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty-n9e *ur*es4 ,includ+ ,%]brooke1 ,*ic\timi1 & ! vic>iate-apo/olic ( ,nor!rn ,canada1 !re are n[ ?irte5 dioceses 9 ! two prov9ces1 :il/1 dur+ ! sev5 ye>s ant]ior to #ahgf1 !re 0 an increase ( "o hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree *ur*es1 mak+1 9 all1 "o ?\s& "o hundr$ & sev5ty-"o4 ,9 ! same p]iod religi\s h\ses _h increas$ f sev5ty-?ree to "o hundr$ & n9ety-six4 ,education ( a religi\s "* is1 at ! same "t1 amply provid$ =4 ,!re are1 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,quebec1 ?ree ?\s& "o hundr$ & ?irty-n9e p>o*ial1 & altoge!r ?ree ?\s& six hundr$ & ?irty elem5t>y s*ools1 = a population ( "o million eight hundr$ & eighty-two ?\s& s\ls4 ,^! s*ools1 )\t includ+ educational in/itutions ( a m private k9d1 :i* are v num]\s 9 ,l[] ,canada 7,quebec71 all[ "o s*ool to e six hundr$ p4 ,x may be d\bt$ :e!r ,prussia1 ev51 :i* possesses great] facilities = education ?an any o!r ,european c\ntry1 comes up to ?is /&>d4 ,! increase ( ,ca?olic p ev]y:]e1 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 keeps pace ) ! build+ ( *ur*es & ! e/abli%+ ( ,ca?olic s*ools & o!r religi\s in/itutions4 ,?is increase is p>ticul>ly noticeable 9 ! t[ns & cities1 :]e ! gr[? ( ! ,ca?olic population is rem>kably rapid4 ,9 all ! ,briti% dep5d5cies1 lib]ty1 z und]/ood by ! ,briti% p1 prevails2 &1 :]ev] x is held 9 honor & ex]cises its legitimate influ5ce1 religion n\ri%es4 ,contra/1 = in/ance1 ,au/ralia1 :5 a p5al colony1 & :5 lib]ty 0 unkn[n ) ,au/ralia1 z x is to-day4 ,9 #ahjd two prie/s 7 p]mitt$1 by ! civil p[]1 to p]=m ! duties ( _! sacr$ (fice4 ,_! labors suffic$ = ! v limit$ spiritual wants ( ! colony4 ,by #ahbg ^! wants _h s slightly increas$ t two prie/s 7 /ill able to meet !m all4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,dr4 ,ulla?orne1 n[ ,bi%op ( ,birm+ham1 assi/$ by ano!r prie/ & a lay tea*]4 ,s late z #ahdb1 matt]s 7 little bett]1 ,hob>t-t[n hav+ "o prie/1 b no *ur*4 ,au/ralia1 mean:ile1 0 gr[+ 9 importance1 & x came to possess1 z became an important ,briti% colony1 con/itutional gov]nm5t4 ,?is 0 a new era = ! cause ( religion4 ,au/ralia has n[1 #ahhj1 two ar*bi%oprics & t5 o!r episcopal sees4 ,9 ?ree ( ! dioceses1 ,melb\rne1 ,s&hur/ & ,p]?1 !re are no few] ?an "o hundr$ & ?irty-five prie/s4 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica4 ,at ! epo* ( ,indep5d5ce1 #aggf1 ! numb] ( ,ca?olics 9 ! new republic 0 e/imat$ at tw5ty-five ?\s&4 ,! spiritual wants ( ?is comp>atively small body 7 m9i/]$ to by n9ete5 prie/s1 :o 7 "u ! jurisdiction ( ! bi%op ,vic>-,apo/olic ( ,london1 ,engl&4 ,by #agij1 ! numb] ( prie/s 0 d\bl$1 & a bi%op 0 appo9t$4 ,9 #ahdj1 !re 7 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates "o million five hundr$ ?\s& ,ca?olics4 ,by #ahee1 !y _h gr[n to two millions4 ,9 ! tw5ty-"o ye>s f #ahee to #ahgf ! increase 0 f two millions to six million five hundr$ ?\s&4 ,?is extraord9>y gr[?1 ?\gh rapid1 01 nev]!less1 vigor\s & heal?y4 ,!re 0 a correspond+ increase 9 ! numb]s ( ! cl]gy1 z well z ( religi\s & educational in/itutions4 ,= ! in/ruction & spiritual com=t ( s great a flock1 !re 71 9 #ahgi1 no few] ?an five ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & fifty-eight prie/s1 ) fifty-six bi%ops & ar*bi%ops1 five ?\s& & =ty-six *ur*es1 ?ree ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & elev5 oratories & mission>y /ations4 ,religi\s h\ses h also increas$ 9 due proportion4 ,9 #ahee1 !re 7 only fifte5 religi\s h\ses = m5 9 all ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re are n[ n9ety-five4 ,communities ( religi\s si/]s1 :o *iefly devote !mselves to works ( *>ity & in/ruction1 also fl\ri%4 ,9 #ahee !re 7 only fifty su* communities4 ,!re are n[ two hundr$ & tw5ty-five4 ,educational in/itutions ( a religi\s "* also ab\nd4 ,9 #ahjj1 !re 0 only "o ,ca?olic academy = girls 9 all ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,at ! pres5t day !y numb] m ?an f\r hundr$4 ,ca?olic colleges h increas$ f two to sixty-f\r4 ,! numb] ( p>o*ial s*ools is n s great1 9 proportion to ! population1 z 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,quebec4 ,?is is acc\nt$ = by ! /ill defective /ate ( religi\s lib]ty 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re is a sort ( ,/ate fanaticism !re 9 favor ( common or national s*ools4 ,:il/ ,ca?olics _c avail !mselves ( su* in/itutions1 :i* provide only a ,godless education1 !y are1 nev]!less1 heavily tax$ = _! support4 ,be+ s burd5$1 x is surely mu* to ! cr$it ( ! ,ca?olics ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t !y1 9 addition1 support two ?\s& two hundr$ & =ty-f\r p>o*ial s*ools1 besides six hundr$ & sixty-?ree colleges or academies1 & tw5ty-f\r sem9>ies1 = high] & ecclesia/ical education4 ,not)/&+ ! drawback allud$ to1 ,pius ,,ix4 ent]ta9$ a high idea ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,republic1 & he %[$ t he did s :5 he decl>$ t x 0 almo/ ! only c\ntry :]e9 he c\ld ex]cise1 )\t h9drance1 ! duties ( 8 sublime (fice4 ,he fur!r ev9c$ 8 appreciation by rais+ sev]al ,am]ican bi%ops to ! dignity ( ar*bi%op1 & "o to t ( c>d9al4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,new ,york is ! fir/ ,am]ican :o has enjoy$ ! high position ( c>d9al4 ,he 0 =mally ?ank$ = ?is well-m]it$ honor by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & all ,am]ica concurr$ 9 extoll+ ! wisdom ( ! *oice :i* gave ! dignity to ! ,mo/ ,rev4 ,ar*bi%op ,mc,closkey1 ( ,new ,york4 ,,hi]>*y ,,( ,,scotl&4 ,"o ( ! late/ labors ( ,pius ,,ix4 0 t :i* he und]took1 on ! urg5t reque/ ( ! ,ca?olics ( ,scotl&1 9 connection ) ! re/oration ( ! anci5t ,scotti% hi]>*y4 ,! v5]able ,pontiff1 n[ s f> advanc$ 9 ye>s1 did n live to complete ?is important "w4 ,! late rev]5d & le>n$ ,dr4 ,grant1 ,presid5t ( ! ,scot* ,college at ,rome1 ceas$ n1 mean:ile1 to promote1 z repres5t+ ! ,ca?olics ( ,scotl&1 ! in/itution ( ! hi]>*y4 ,8 k ( ! c\ntry & hi/orical rese>* em95tly qualifi$ him = ! task4 ,! "w1 s happily comm5c$ "u ! auspices ( ,pius ,,ix41 0 br\ght to a conclusion soon aft] ! accession ( 8 successor1 ,leo ,,xiii4 ,! ,mo/ ,rev4 ,john ,/ra91 well kn[n z a s\nd !ologian & em95tly practical prea*]1 0 appo9t$ ,ar*bi%op ( ,/4 ,&rews & ,ed9burgh4 ,! le>n$ prelate ?us became ! successor ( ! anci5t ,ar*bi%ops ( ,/4 ,&rews & ,primate ( ,scotl&4 ,! o!r ,episcopal ,sees erect$ 7 ,glasg[1 ,ab]de51 ,dunkeld1 ,gall[ay1 ,argyll & ! ,isles4 ,glasg[1 9 consid]ation ( its =m] honors1 0 made an ar*bi%opric1 b )\t suffragans4 ,! ar*bi%op is a memb] ( ! ,synod ( ,/4 ,&rews & ,ed9burgh4 ,to ! undy+ honor ( ! p ( ,scotl&1 !re is no?+ m to record4 ,!re 7 no commotions1 no eloqu5t appeals = ! purpose ( allay+ gr\ndless fe>s & calm+ ! popul> m9d1 to burd5 ! tale ( ! hi/orian4 ,an unsuccessful attempt at riot1 by "s r[dies1 9 a city ( six hundr$ ?\s& s\ls1 confirms r ?an d]ogates f ! absolute tru? ( ?is /atem5t4 ,!re are already 9 ! ,ar*diocese ( ,/4 ,&rews & ,ed9burgh sev]al important religions in/itutions4 ,among ^! may be m5tion$ f\r communities ( religi\s si/]s4 ,! si/]s1 call$ 8,ursul9es ( ,jesus10 h two e/abli%m5ts 9 ! city ( ,ed9burgh1 & devote !mselves entirely to education & *>ity4 ,!re are fifty-f\r *ur*es1 *apels & /ations4 ,! missions1 prop]ly s-call$1 are tw5ty-eight 9 numb]1 & =ty-?ree prie/s1 ( :om ?irte5 are memb]s ( religi\s societies1 p]=m all ! mission>y duty & m9i/] to ! spiritual wants ( ! congregations4 ,x _c be said t education is neglect$1 & su* education z recognizes religi\s pr9ciple2 !re be+1 9 addition to ! conv5t s*ools1 ?irty-six congregational or p>o*ial s*ools4 ,9 ! ,ar*diocese ( ,glasg[1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-"o prie/s1 ( :om tw5ty-f\r are memb]s ( religi\s societies1 att5d to ! spiritual wants ( ! missions & congregations4 ,! ,glasg[ missions c\nt fifty-n9e1 ) sev5ty-eight *ur*es1 *apels & /ations4 ,! congregational or p>o*ial s*ools numb] "o hundr$ & eighty-six1 9 addition to religi\s educational in/itutions4 ,ab]de5 has =ty-sev5 prie/s1 ( :om sev5 are memb]s ( ! ,b5$ict9e ,ord]4 ,x has ?irty-two missions1 ) fifty-"o *ur*es1 *apels & /ations4 ,colleges1 conv5ts1 & congregational s*ools1 are 9 proportion to ! ,ca?olic population4 ,dunkeld conta9s )9 its bord]s ! important seaport t[n ( ,dundee1 & ! anci5t city ( ,p]?1 :]e may /ill be se5 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,john1 aga9/ :i* ! ,knox ,iconocla/s ca/ ! fir/ /one--! sad prelude to _! furi\s onslaught on all ! sacr$ edifices ( ! l&4 ,at ,dundee !re is a num]\s ,ca?olic population4 ,9 ! :ole diocese !re are ?irty-?ree prie/s1 ( :om twelve are memb]s ( ! religi\s ,society ( ,r$emptori/s4 ,!re are religi\s communities ( ,si/]s ( ,m]cy1 ,little ,si/]s ( ! ,poor1 & ,ursul9es ( ,jesus4 ,! ,m>i/ ,bro!rs & ,r$emptori/s h _! mona/]ies1 & !re is a cr$itable numb] ( congregational s*ools4 ,! anci5t ,see ( ,:i?orn 7,c&idacasa7 is n[ kn[n z ! diocese ( ,gall[ay4 ,x dates f ,/4 ,n9ian1 ! apo/le ( ! ,s\!rn ,picts1 by :om x 0 f\nd$ 9 #cig4 ,x 0 de/roy$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,sc&9avian invasions1 & rema9$ ext9ct f #hjh till #aahi4 ,x fell aga9 at ! epo* ( ! ,re=mation1 & _h no bi%op f ! dea? ( ,&rew ,durie1 9 #aeeh1 till ! appo9tm5t ( ,bi%op ,mc,lachlan by ,leo ,,xiii4 ,! resid5ce ( ! bi%op is at ,dumfries1 :]e !re is a num]\s congregation & an elegant *ur*4 ,argyll & ! ,isles is a diocese full ( promise4 ,! traditions ( its piety 9 anci5t days are a ri* inh]itance4 ,x has already ?irty-eight *ur*es1 *apels & /ations1 toge!r ) "s num]\s congregations4 ,,increase ,,& ,,numb] ,,( ,,ca?olics ,,?r\gh\t ,,! ,,_w ,,9 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,pius ,,ix4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ! accession ( ,pius ,,ix41 ! ,ca?olic population ( ! _w 0 e/imat$ by sci5tific m5 at two hundr$ & fifty-f\r million six hundr$ & fifty-five ?\s& 7see ! ,sci5tific ,miscellany ( ! "t74 ,s9ce t "t !re has be5 a v consid]able increase4 ,h[ great x has be5 we may judge f ! /ati/ics ) :i* we are mo/ famili>1 ^? ( ,great ,brita9 & ! ,briti% ,colonies1 z well z ^? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,! em95t /ati/icians1 ,drs4 ,behm & ,wagn]1 hold t ! numb] ( ,prote/ants has m ?an d\bl$ 9 ! same p]iod4 ,"s ?irty-five ye>s ago1 accord+ to ! ,sci5tific ,miscellany1 ! ,prote/ant population ( ! _w 0 =ty-eight million n9e hundr$ & eighty-n9e ?\s&4 ,)\t say+ t ! le>n$ m5 allud$ to are wrong 9 e/imat+ !m n[ at "o hundr$ & "o million1 x may be claim$ t ,ca?olics h enjoy$ at lea/ z great an increase4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! latt]1 9 ! pres5t age1 is to spread & to spread rapidly1 :il/ among ,prote/ants1 accord+ to _! own able/ writ]s1 !re exi/s no su* expansive p[]4 ,an op9ion prevails among ^? :o are n fri5dly to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 t su* an in/itution c only take root & gr[ 9 an age ( ignorance1 or among ignorant p4 ,?is op9ion enjoys n ! sanction ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,prote/ant au?ors & prea*]s4 ,b>on ,macaulay writes3 8,we (t5 he> x said t ! _w is con/antly becom+ m & m enlight5$1 & t ! enlight5m5t mu/ be favorable to ,prote/antism & unfavorable to ,ca?olicism4 ,we wi% t we c\ld ?9k s4 ,b we see great reason to d\bt :e!r ?is is a well-f\nd$ expectation4 ,we see t dur+ ! la/ two hundr$ & fifty ye>s ! human m9d has be5 9 ! highe/ degree active2 t x has made great advances 9 e bran* ( natural philosophy2 t x has produc$ innum]able inv5tions1 t5d+ to promote ! conv5i5ce ( life2 t m$ic9e1 surg]y1 *emi/ry1 eng9e]+1 h be5 v greatly improv$2 t gov]nm5t1 police & law1 h be5 improv$1 ?\gh n to s great an ext5t z ! physical sci5ces4 ,yet we see t dur+ ^! two hundr$ & fifty ye>s ,prote/antism has made no conque/s wor? speak+ (4 ,nay1 we believe t z f> z !re has be5 *ange1 t *ange has be5 9 favor ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 feel confid5t t ! progress ( k w necess>ily be fatal to a sy/em :i* has1 to say ! lea/1 /ood its gr\nd 9 spite ( ! imm5se progress made by ! human race 9 k s9ce ! "t ( ,que5 ,elizabe?40 ,if1 !n1 ,prote/antism1 z reg>ds increase & developm5t1 has be5 at a /&-/ill = ! la/ two7#ac7 hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 :il/ x is admitt$ on all h&s t ,ca?olicism has be5 gr[+ rapidly1 x is n1 surely1 unreasonable to claim t ! increase ( ,ca?olics keeps pace ) t ( ,prote/ants4 ,! claim1 h[ev]1 mu/ be waiv$1 z x w\ld give a great] expansion to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ?an ,ca?olics c suppose x is entitl$ to4 ,if ! numb] ( ,ca?olics _h d\bl$ )9 ! la/ five-&-?irty or =ty ye>s1 z t ( ,prote/ants is alleg$ by ! le>n$ /ati/icians to h done1 !y w\ld n[ c\nt five hundr$ & n9e million ?ree hundr$ ?\s&4 ,behm & ,wagn] e/imate !m at two hundr$ & sev5ty million4 ,judg+ by ! facts allud$ to1 ?is e/imate is c]ta9ly bel[ ! m>k1 & we %all /ill be consid]$ z det]m9+ = a l[ figure :5 we reckon ! ,ca?olic population ( ! :ole _w at ?ree hundr$ million4 ,! hea!n masses are /ill ! mo/ num]\s4 ,b1 if ! /atem5t rec5tly made by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,*9ese ,legation1 at ,wa%+ton1 may be reli$ on1 !y are n ov]:elm+ly s4 ,?is /atem5t r$uces ! population ( ,*9a f ! fabul\s numb] ( f\r hundr$ million to "o hundr$ million4 ,x is n1 surely1 reasonable to suppose1 z ! _w has s long suppos$1 t "o nation1 ,*9a1 has a population d\ble t ( all ! nations ( ,india4 ,! :ole hea!n _w1 !re=e1 _c c\nt m ?an six hundr$ & fifty million s\ls--too _m to be /ill 9 d>kness & ! %ad[ ( dea?4 ,b let ea* believ] labor to conv]t a hea!n1 & !re w be light at la/4 ,! believ+ portion ( mank9d is n s f> beh9d1 9 po9t ( numb]s1 at lea/4 ,x consi/s ( 7accord+ to ,drs4 ,behm & ,wagn]73 #cjj1jjj1jjj ,ca?olics4 #ij1jjj1jjj memb]s ( ! ,greek ,*ur*4 #aja1jjj1jjj ,prote/ants4 #g1jjj1jjj ,jews4 ,,anniv]s>y ,,( ,,! ,,episcopal ,,consecration ,,( ,,pius ,,ix4 ,! #crd ( ,june1 #ahgg1 0 a great day = ,rome & ! ,ca?olic _w4 ,( all ! fetes :i* ,plus ,,ix4 0 favor$ to celebrate1 !re 0 none m honor$ ?an ! anniv]s>y ( 8 episcopal consecration4 ,"o w\ld say t ! fai?ful ,ca?olic p ev]y:]e _h resolv$ to make x an occasion ( prote/+ aga9/ ! treatm5t to :i* ! v5]able ,pontiff 0 subject$1 & ! false pr9ciples :i* gov]n$ ! ,italian faction1 by :i* he 0 s cruelly p]secut$4 ,pilgrims came f all l&s & cr[d$ ! /reets ( ! ,papal city2 = su* x /ill 04 ,not)/&+ all ! ef=ts ( ! usurp+ gov]nm5t1 ! ,roman p ackn[l$g$ no o!r rul] at ,rome ?an ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,dur+ six mon?s ( ! ye> #ahgg1 ! devot$ ,ca?olics ( e nation ceas$ n to ?rong ! /reets1 ! approa*es to & f ! halls ( ! ,vatican ,palace4 ,nor did !y come empty-h&$4 ,!y 7 lit]ally lad5 ) gold & silv]1 toge!r ) an endless v>iety ( o!r ri* & appropriate gifts4 ,a mon? be=e ! anniv]s>y day1 !re 7 already five hundr$ *alices1 z well z o!r *ur* plate1 jewell]y1 ve/m5ts1 alt> l95s1 etc41 deposit$ 9 ! ,vatican4 ,an eye-witness beheld ^! preci\s (f]+s suitably laid out 9 "o ( ! l>ge/ gall]ies1 =m+ an imm5se treasury1 f :i* ! b5evol5t ,pontiff suppli$ ! poor] missions ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,congratulatory addresses 7 con/antly pres5t$1 & ,pius ,,ix4 0 indefatigable 9 receiv+ ^! pro(s ( ! fai? & love ( 8 spiritual *ildr54 ,day aft] day he made replies to deputations1 & (t51 f\r times a day )\t appe>+ fatigu$ or giv+ any sign t 8 bodily /r5g? or vigor ( m9d 0 fail+ him4 ,day aft] day1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole summ] ( #ahgg1 ! fai?ful p ceas$ n to a/oni% ! new ma/]s ( ,rome1 :o flatt]$ !mselves ) ! belief t fai? 0 dead 9 ! _w1 & w\ld no long] be an imp$im5t to _! dom9ation4 ,!y beheld pilgrims f e clime 9 va/ numb]s1 ( :i* !y c\ld =m no e/imate4 ,!y also he>d _! voice1 & wond]$ at _! admirable unanimity4 8,all ( u1 :oev] we are1 ,*ri/ians ( e nation & ( e tongue10 said ! ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s1 speak+ 9 ! "n ( 8 fell[-,ca?olics1 8we h all be5 br\ght "h by ! desire1 ! necessity we are "u1 to (f] our tribute ( regret & love to ! v5]at$ ,pontiff1 :om ! :ole _w honors ) all ! v5]ation ( filial duty4 ,aft] hav+ plac$ at 8 feet our pres5ts & our respectful homage1 we come to (f]1 9 ?is sanctu>y1 our ?anksgiv+ & our pray]s--our ?anksgiv+1 = ,pius ,,ix4 has be5 pres]v$ to u beyond ! t]m ( all prec$+ ,pontificates--our pray]s = 8 rema9+ 9 ?is life is1 at pres5t1 our only pl$ge ( safety407#ad7 ,on occasion ( ! memorable anniv]s>y1 ,pius ,,ix4 proclaim$ a jubilee1 & ?us af=d$ to all 8 *ildr5 ?r\gh\t ! univ]se an opportunity ( unit+ ) ^? ( ,rome 9 "o common pray] & act ( ?anksgiv+4 ,numb]less communions1 9 e ,ca?olic l&1 on ! v day ( ! anniv]s>y--#crd ,june--bore witness to ! lively fai? :i* univ]sally prevail$1 & made x pla9 z noon-day to ! unbeliev+ t ! body ( ! ,*ur* is unit$ by ! bond ( *>ity1 ev5 z is ! family by ! ties ( blood4 ,! p[] ( su* a celebration 0 widely felt4 ,& ! revolutioni/s ( ,italy believ$ t some?+ mu/ be done 9 ord] to c\nt]act its influ5ce4 ,!y c\ld n propose1 z !y _h done six ye>s be=e on occasion ( ! anniv]s>y ( ,pius ! ,n9?'s exaltation to ! ,pop$om1 to display on all ! public edifices ( ,rome ! flag ( revolutioniz$ ,italy 9 frat]nal union ) t ( ! ,pontiff & ! ,*ur*4 ,x mu/1 !re=e1 be unfurl$ 9 direct opposition to ! cause ( ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,a fe/ive commemoration ( ! 8con/itutional /atute0 0 ord]$ to be held on ! #crd ,june1 ! day ( ! ,papal celebration4 ,! s*eme prov$ to be m ?an a failure4 ,x 0 int5d$ z an insult to ! ,pope & prote/ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,9 reality x became a te/imony :i* r$\nd$ to ! honor ( ! ,holy ,fa!r & ! glory ( religion4 ,:at c>$ ! ,romans1 or ! p ( ! ,roman t]ritory1 = ! 8con/itutional /atute0 ( ,*>les ,alb]t8 ,_! vivats 7 all = ,pius ,,ix4 & 8 m con/itutional con/itution4 8,long live ,pius ,,ix46--,pius ,,ix41 our only ,k+60 ,no o!r cry 0 he>d 9 ! /reets ( ,rome1 or 9 ! wide campagna4 ,! populations ( ! c\ntry z well z ( ! city 7 alike devot$ to ,pius ,,ix41 & w\ld h no o!r to rule ov] !m4 ,! usurp+ revolutioni/s mu/ ne$s retaliate4 ,9 do+ s1 !y /ill m degrad$ _! fete ( ! 8con/itutional /atute40 ,on occasion ( royal fetes1 favors are lib]ally disp5s$4 ,?is ord] ( ?+s 0 n[ rev]s$4 ,p>ties convict$ ( illum9at+ _! h\ses1 ( display+ :ite & yell[ colors1 or ( express+ 9 words _! loyalty to ,pius ,,ix41 7 s5t5c$ to imprisonm5t4 ,,dea? ,,( ,,antonelli ,,& ,,patrizi4 ,%ortly be=e ! anniv]s>y celebration1 ,pius ,,ix4 _h to lam5t ! dea? ( 8 fai?ful ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ,c>d9al ,antonelli4 ,?is intrepid /atesman _h done battle c\rage\sly dur+ six-&-tw5ty ye>s = ! ,*ur*1 ! ,holy ,see & ! temporal sov]eignty ( ! ,roman ,pontiff1 :o _h be5 ?reat5$ 9 8 life1 8 prie/ly honor & 8 "* = integrity4 ,! devot$ c>d9al defi$ bo? ! poni>d & ! tongue ( ! calumniator4 ,al?\gh able to unmask ! mo/ secret intrigues ( ! revolutioni/s1 he c\ld n av]t ! bl[ :i* x 0 p]mitt$ t !y %\ld /rike aga9/ ! "t-honor$ in/itutions ( 8 c\ntry4 ,!y appe> to h be5 de/9$ to reign = a "t4 ,_! success did n appal ,antonelli nor %ake 8 fidelity4 ,9 evil report & good report he /ood by 8 sov]eign1 & %>$ 8 exile z well z ! honor :i* he enjoy$ 9 ! m auspici\s days ( 8 glori\s ,pontificate4 ,?ree weeks lat]1 ,c>d9al ,patrizi1 :o 0 ,vic> ( ,rome & *ief c\nsellor ( ,pius ,,ix4 9 all matt]s connect$ ) ! gov]nm5t ( ! *ur*1 0 call$ f ?is e>?ly sc5e4 ,?us 0 ! ag$ ,pontiff de/9$ to be tri$ by new afflictions4 ,! success ( 8 enemies & ( ! enemies ( ! ,*ur*1 ! privation & humiliation to :i* he 0 subject$1 7 r5d]$ m sev]e by ! dea? ( 8 de>e/ fri5ds :o 7 also 8 able/ support]s4 ,he 0 griev$1 b c\ld n be cru%$ by s _m calamities4 ,he rema9$ until 8 heal? utt]ly fail$ equal to 8 high position4 ,an additional cause ( sorr[ to ! ,holy ,fa!r 0 ! enactm5t ( ! ,italian ,legislature1 kn[n z ! ,manc9i law4 ,?is law 0 9 d[nright opposition to ! law ( gu>antees4 ,x made x a crime to prea* ! ,gospel4 ,on pret5ce ( repress+ ! abuses ( ! cl]gy1 _! (f5ces aga9/ ! laws & in/itutions ( ! ,/ate1 x =bade all apo/olic prea*+4 ,x 0 too late4 ,n]o1 ev51 0 n 9 "t1 & all ! fury ( p]secution c\ld n uproot ! belief 9 virtue :i* prevail$4 ,! cl]gy %all no long] say t fraud1 robb]y1 ly+1 viol5ce & assass9ation are s9s4 ,b cui bono8 ,! _w has already its convictions--prejudices1 ! philosophy ( ,kulturkampf may call !m--9 reg>d to all su* ?+s1 & no law t an infidel p>liam5t c enact w suffice to eradicate !m4 ,x c\ld only sadd5 ! he>t ( ! ,*ief ,pa/or to see ! p[] :i* rul$ 9 8 c\ntry & 9 8 /ead labor+ s /r5u\sly b ineffectually to demoli% ! edifice ( ! *ur*1 :i*1 = s _m ages1 _h be5 assail$ 9 va94 ,x 0 ! height ( presumption1 surely1 :5 a few mod]n ,italians1 a mis]able m9ority ( _! own nation1 und]took a task :i* defi$ all ! p[] ( ,imp]ial ,rome4 ,9 a c\ntry :]e lib]ty is bett] und]/ood1 a p[]ful voice 0 rais$ 9 condemnation ( ! ,manc9i law4 ,! ,briti% ,ca?olic ,union prote/$ aga9/ ! cruel enactm5t z an attack n only on ! lib]ty ( ! ,*ur* b also on ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? 9 ,italy4 ,?is purpose 01 inde$1 av[$ by _m ( its support]s 9 ! ,italian p>liam5t4 ,pius ,,ix4 c\ld n fail to prote/ aga9/ su* an attack on t lib]ty :i* is ! bir?right ( e ,*ri/ian4 ,9 a ,consi/orial ,allocution ( #ab? ,m>*1 #ahgg1 he expos$ ! plot :i* ! revolutioni/s _h prep>$ 9 ord] to prev5t ! ,holy ,fa!r f accompli%+ 8 appo9t$ mission--t ( in/ruct+ & edify+ ! :ole flock ( ,*ri/4 ,t 8 prote/ 0 fully ju/ifi$ & dem&$ by ! circum/ances ( ! case 0 abundantly %[n by ! rage :i* x excit$ among ! rul+ faction4 ,_! press did its be/ to dissemble1 & affect$ to treat ) contempt ! ,pope's address4 ,x conta9$ only 8lame & d\btful reason+s--su* argum5ts z are t]m$ p>alogisms or involunt>y sophisms1 :i* escape ! notice ( _! au?ors40 ,! gov]nm5t1 9 unison ) ! press1 s\ght to /ifle ! importunate voice ( ! ,pontiff4 ,! c\ncil ( m9i/]s w5t s f> z to resolve on prosecut+ any j\rnals t %\ld d>e to publi% ! ,papal allocution4 ,b !y f\nd x 0 too late4 ,! obnoxi\s docum5t 0 already pr9t$ 9 ,france1 &1 consequ5tly1 op5 to ! civiliz$ _w4 ,s ! wra? ( ! m9i/ry 0 all[$ to cool4 ,x s\ght1 nev]!less1 to be rev5g$4 ,! m9i/] ( ju/ice1 accord+ly1 address$ a circul> to ! procurators-g5]al1 9 :i* he d5\nc$ ! language ( ,pius ,,ix4 z 8excessive & viol5t40 ,! ,pope himself he rail$ 0 a facti\s p]son1 z a fom5t] ( s$ition & revolt4 ,he also *>g$ him ) +ratitude4 ,= :at 0 he ungrateful8 ,_h !y n robb$ him ( 8 sov]eignty & 8 prop]ty8 ,did !y n n[ hold him closely gu>d$ 9 ! ,vatican8 ,!y sp>$ 8 life1 inde$1 b made him und]/& t he 0 _! prison]1 z1 9 reality1 he 04 ,to h gone f>!r w\ld h be5 to outrage all ,italy1 :i* !y 7 s anxi\s to conciliate1 & ! great ,p[]s1 ^: =be>ance !y s mu* ne$$4 ,c>d9al ,simeoni1 :o _h succe$$ ,antonelli z ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 9 a circul> address$ to ! ,papal nuncios1 po9t$ out ! weakness & gross inju/ice ( ,manc9i's lett]4 ,! secret societies1 on ! o!r h&1 congratulat$ _! mo/ de> & mo/ active bro!r1 & express$ ! hope t he w\ld n /op until he rea*$ ! end to :i* he s nobly t5d$4 ,! m9i/] ( ju/ice fully acc$$ to ! wi%es ( ! bre?r51 & !y c\ld rely ^u x t he w\ld p]sev]e until he compass$ ! de/ruction ( ! ,papacy4 ,su* good resolutions des]v$ a rew>d4 ,!y aw>d$ him1 accord+ly1 :at !y call$ a diploma ( honor4 ,! ,manc9i law1 not)/&+ all ! ef=ts ( its support]s1 nev] became law4 ,!re is n mu* 9 ?is hi/ory to be plac$ to ! cr$it ( ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,nev]!less1 he1 all ( a sudd51 oppos$ ! enactm5t ( ! odi\s law :i* he _h all[$ to be prep>$ & pres5t$ 9 8 "n to ! repres5tative *amb]4 ,by express+ 8 repugnance to x1 he caus$ x to fail 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,x is relat$ t x 0 on ! repres5tation ( 8 daught]1 ! ,pr9cess ,clotilde1 t he s act$4 ,,plan ,,= ,,elect+ ,a ,,pope4 ,"o ( ! mo/ d>+ ent]prises ( ! ,italian m9i/ry 0 _! s*eme1 9 conjunction ) ! ,prussian *ancellor1 = ! election ( a ,pope on ! demise ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,hi!rto1 :5 ! ,popes enjoy$ _! temporal sov]eignty1 ! ,c>d9al ,cam]l+o1 or high *amb]la91 direct$ ev]y?+ f ! "t ( ! ,pope's decease until ! election ( a successor4 ,x 0 ! purpose ( ! m9i/ry to arrogate to !mselves ! attributes ( ?is high dignit>y1 :o act$1 tempor>ily1 z ! ,sov]eign ( ,rome4 ,= ! atta9m5t ( _! end1 fraud1 ly+ & =g]y 7 freely _h rec\rse to4 ,x be+ und]/ood t !re exi/$ a ,bull relat+ to ! election ( ,pius ! ,n9?'s successor1 & t x 0 9 ! cu/ody ( ,mgr4 ,m]curelli1 ! ,secret>y ( ,pontifical briefs1 a high price 0 (f]$ to any "o :o %\ld trea*]\sly deliv] x into ! h&s ( ! revolutioni/s4 ,su* a temptation 0 n to be resi/$4 ,a cunn+ scribe1 :o c\ld imitate ! h&writ+ ( ,m]curelli1 made a copy ( an anci5t ,bull ( ,pius ,,vi41 adapt+ x to ! circum/ances ( ! "t4 ,to ! great confusion ( ! a/ute *ancellor & 8 associates1 ! ,italian m9i/]s1 ! =g]y 0 discov]$1 & ! sage /atesm5 befool$ 9 ! sight ( all ,europe by a common felon4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 0 to be left undone t 0 calculat$1 z ! conspirators conceiv$1 to secure ! election ( a ,pope :o w\ld reject ! decisions ( ! ,vatican ,c\ncil4 ,= ?is end x 0 propos$ to take milit>y possession ( ! ,vatican ,palace1 & appo9t a commission] to sup]9t5d ! election & c>ry out ! views ( ! faction4 ,?is iniquit\s plot appe>s to h be5 ov]?r[n by a vigor\s article :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,oss]vatore ,romano4 ,x is said to h be5 inspir$ by ,pius ,,ix4 ,x /at$1 among o!r ?+s1 t 8! ,vatican *anges n ) ! *anges ( ! times1 & ! ,"l1 :o has protect$ x 9 ! pa/1 & giv5 visible pro(s ( ,8 cont9u$ protection1 w protect x 9 ! future1 & def5d x aga9/ all1 :atev] artifices1 :e!r secret or op51 its enemies may employ1 9 ord] to conqu] & ov]?r[ x40 ,! revolution>y j\rnals1 ^: con/ant cry 0 8w> to ! knife0 on ! ,*ur* & ! ,papacy1 c\ld n refra9 f express+ _! a/oni%m5t1 x ought to be said _! admiration1 ( ?is ma/]ly docum5t4 8,x is impossible10 said ! ,republique ,francaise ( #bh? ,july1 #ahgg1 8n to be /ruck by ! tone ( au?ority1 ! vehem5ce & ! m5aces1 ! ard5t & deep-root$ fai? :i* prevail f beg9n+ to end ( ?is extraord9>y production40 ,,illness ,,( ,,! ,,pope--,,victor ,,emmanuel ,,at ,,! ,,vatican4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahgg1 ! heal? ( ,pius ,,ix4 began to fail4 ,he caught cold & _h a r5ewal ( rheumatic attacks4 ,he 0 oblig$1 9 consequ5ce1 to discont9ue giv+ audi5ces4 ,f9ally1 by ! advice ( 8 physicians1 he kept 8 b$ cont9u\sly = ?ree weeks1 f #bj? ,novemb]4 ,! ,pope's indisposition appe>s to h be5 q a ,god-s5d to ! ev]-busy press ( ! ho/ile faction4 ,!re 71 ( c\rse1 spasms1 fa9t+ fits1 mortification ( ! extremities1 etc4 ,! ,pope is dy+--! ,pope is dead6--& ! enemy rejoic$1 z ov] a h>d-won victory4 ,b ! end 0 n yet4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r recov]$1 & 0 able to hold a ,consi/ory & deliv] an allocution on ! #bh? ( ,decemb]4 ,!re 0 "o at ,rome :o felt diff]5tly f ! p>ty ) :om he act$ 9 reg>d to ! illness & possible dea? ( ! ,pope4 ,?is 0 no o!r ?an ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel4 ,! de?ron$ ,pontiff 0 /ill a p[] t help$ to /em ! tide ( r$ republican revolution :i* roll$ s angrily aga9/ ! tott]+ ?rone ( unit$ ,italy4 ,! b>ri] 0 9 dang]4 ,only ! sl5d] ?read ( an exhau/$ life sav$ x f giv+ way4 ,! k+ 0 awe-/ruck1 & s\ght com=t 9 ! ,palace ( ! ,vatican47#ae7 ,:at pass$ at ! extraord9>y int]view none w ev] "k4 ,all t c be f\nd on record is t ! ,k+ ( ,italy retir$ ) a light5$ he>t f ! mansion ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff4 ,p>don1 b5$iction1 r5ewal ( promises--:at may !re n h be58 ,t ! meet+ 0 n )\t result1 an ev5t :i* 0 n at t "t f> di/ant cle>ly %[s4 ,! re/oration ( ,pius ,,ix4 to comp>ative heal? 0 matt] = ?anksgiv+ & congratulation4 ,a consi/ory 0 held1 accord+ly1 on ! #bh? ( ,decemb]1 #ahgg4 ,! c>d9als hav+ assembl$1 ! ,holy ,fa!r ?us address$ !m3 8,we rejoice 9 ! ,"l at hav+ exp]i5c$ h[ fai?fully y su/a9 ! burd5 ( ! apo/olic m9i/ry2 &1 at ! same "t1 = hav+ enjoy$ ! sweet consolation to f9d ! sorr[s ( our s\l alleviat$ by y\r virtue & ! con/ant affection ( y\r *>ity40 ,! v5]able ,pontiff conclud$ ?is address1 :i* 0 de/9$ to be 8 la/ 9 solemn consi/ory1 by invit+ ! memb]s ( ! ,sacr$ ,college 8to (f] up _! pray]s assidu\sly to ! ?rone ( ,div9e m]cy = himself & = ! ,*ur*10 repres5t+ t ! /r5g? ( ,*ri/ians is 9 pray]1 9 ! p[] ( ,god1 :i* ! pray] ( ,8 creature1 made 9 8 image1 causes to be ex]t$4 ,& :o is /rong] ?an ,god8 ,quis ut ,deus8 ,! ag$ ,pontiff1 :om ! revolutioni/s ( ,italy & o!r c\ntries cri$ out aga9/ ) su* vehem5ce ( hatr$ & mal$iction1 ask$ no o!r favor = himself ( ! ,supreme ,giv] ?an ! pleasure to imp>t once m 8 b5$iction f ! ,vatican to ! city & ! :ole _w4 ,on occasion ( "s =eign ladies resid5t at ,rome com+ to pres5t him ) a ri* canopy = decorat+ ! ,vatican lodge1 at ! b5$iction he gave utt]ance to ! foll[+ pray]3 8,l5d new /r5g?1 ,o ,"l1 to ,?y ,vic> on e>?2 give new vigor to 8 voice & to 8 arm1 9 ord] t1 9 ! pres5t crisis1 x may be p]mitt$ him1 z a sign ( reconciliation & peace to bless once m solemnly ! :ole ,ca?olic p1 & t ?us1 ?r\gh ,?y assi/ance1 society may be re/or$ to a /ate ( tranquillity & ! practice ( all ! ,*ri/ian virtues40 ,he ador$1 )\t kn[+ x1 ! ,div9e w1 :i* 0 n t he %\ld ev] aga9 imp>t 8 apo/olic b5$iction f ! ,vatican4 ,?is he knew n1 & c\ld n pret5d to "k4 ,b he 0 com=t$ 9 ! firm belief t ! b5$iction w\ld nev] cease to be disp5s$4 ,on ! same day1 he said1 address+ ! ,roman ladies :o pres5t$ a c>pet = ! solemn b5$iction3 8,at ?is "t ( d>kness & tribulation1 :5 we are 9 ! p[] ( our enemies1 y may say to me3 #8,we h ex]t$ ourselves s mu*1 we h (f]$ up s _m pray]s1 %$ s _m te>s1 &1 not)/&+1 all to no purpose4' ,! "t w come :5 ?is pres5t w be made use (4 ,tota nocte laborantes4444 ,! ,romans h1 inde$1 pray$4 ,!y h giv5 signal pro( ( _! fidelity & _! piety1 amid ! gloom & tr\ble ( our national cata/rophes1 & :y h !y1 z yet1 obta9$ no?+8 ,b :at d ,i say8 ,are ^? evid5ces ( affection :i* e day rea* ! ,holy ,see to be reput$ z no?+8 ,is t e>ne/ness ( pray] :i* prevails at ,rome & ?r\gh\t ! ,ca?olic _w to no purpose8 ,9 ! mo/ des]t regions & remote/ c\ntries v[s & pray]s are (f]$ up = our deliv]ance4 ,y\r pray]s & communions are s _m petitions1 laid at ! foot ( ! alt>1 :i* _c fail to be he>d4 ,z our ,"l1 :o 0 pleas$ to %[ ,pet] :]e to ca/ 8 nets1 9 ord] to h an abundant draught ( fi%1 tea*es u also h[ we %all escape f ! abyss ( calamity into :i* our s9s1 p]haps1 h ?r[n u4444 ,al?\gh ,i1 :o1 at pres5t1 am ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/1 may n1 "o ( my successors w1 see ,rome1 :i* is our city1 re/or$ to its pri/9e /ate1 tranquil & fl\ri%+ z x 0 "s mon?s ago4 ,he w also behold all ! rights ( ?is ,holy ,see completely recov]$40 ,by "o ( two ?+s only1 z f> z man c see1 is x possible t ,italy %\ld be emancipat$ f its pres5t bondage1 & gov]n$ accord+ to ! wi%es ( its p4 ,a con/itutional mon>*y1 su* z ,pius ,,ix4 s\ght s long to e/abli%1 w\ld be ! mo/ secure & p]man5t gu>antee = peace & lib]ty 9 ! s\? ( ,europe4 ,a rem$y = pres5t evils may also be f\nd 9 a ?or\ghly repres5tative sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 :i* ! sy/em t prevails = ! mom5t 9 ,italy has no claim to be4 ,!re _c1 h[ev]1 be repres5tative gov]nm5t s long z ! ,italian p all[ a reckless faction1 :i* is only a small m9ority ( ! nation1 to control ! elections1 monopolize ! votes1 & con/itute !mselves ! legislature ( ! c\ntry4 ,pati5ce is a virtue4 ,b x may be abus$4 ,x c]ta9ly has be5 s 9 ! case ( ,italy1 & by a base conspiracy4 ,:5 w ! p arise 9 _! might1 &1 by _! imm5se sup]iority 9 numb]s z well z intellig5ce1 ca/ (f ! yoke ( ! conspirators--! incubus :i* cru%es & degrades !m 9 ! eyes ( mank9d8 ,,k+ ,,victor ,,emmanuel ,,sanctions ,,arrangem5ts ,,= ,,! ,,fun]al ,,( ,,pius ,,ix4--,,dea? ,,( ,,victor ,,emmanuel4 ,on ! #bi? ,decemb]1 #ahgg1 ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel came to ,rome on bus9ess ( ! ,/ate1 z if ! city ( ! ,popes 7 de jure z well z de facto 8 capital4 ,on ! #ca/ ( ! same mon?1 8 m9i/]s induc$ him to affix 8 royal signature to "s new acts ( brig&age & usurpation1 :i* !y _h prep>$1 b :i* c\ld n be accompli%$ until ! dea? ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,at ! same "t1 a decree regulat+ ! fun]al ( ! ,pope 0 drawn up & sign$ by ! k+4 ,royal honors 7 to be re/or$1 b only :5 !y c\ld n be enjoy$4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r1 al?\gh /ripp$ ( 8 sov]eignty 9 life1 0 to be honor$ :5 dead z a sov]eign pr9ce4 ,x 0 appo9t$ t m\rn+ %\ld be worn ?r\gh\t all ! ,k+dom ( ,italy4 ,c\rt liv]ies1 ev51 7 got ready1 & also ! m9ute/ details ( m\rn+ app>el4 ,no?+ 0 want+ b dea?--& dea? came--b n ! dea? t 0 s ard5tly desir$4 ,sc>cely _h ,victor ,emmanuel sign$ ! fun]al decree1 :i* 0 int5d$ to be1 at ! same "t1 ! dea?-w>rant ( ! ,papacy & ! ,*ur*1 :5 he 0 tak5 sudd5ly ill4 ,he 0 anxi\s to leave ,rome1 :]e 8 /ay 0 always z %ort z possible1 b 0 deta9$ by ! receptions ( ,new ,ye>'s day1 & 9 ord] to att5d a diplomatic d9n] on ! #f? ( ,janu>y4 ,on t v day1 a ?ree-fold malady laid him on 8 dea?b$4 ,he became at once ! victim ( pleuro-pneumonia1 toge!r ) ! fatal mal>ia & mili>y fev]s4 ,!re 0 no hope ( 8 recov]y4 ,to leave ,rome 0 impossible4 8,c>ry me h5ce1 at any rate10 cri$ ! dy+ k+1 9 an agony ( horror2 8,i mu/ n die at ! ,quir9al40 ,x 0 too late4 ,! physicians w\ld n all[ him to be mov$4 ,unhall[$ =ce plac$ him 9 ! sacr$ palace ( ! ,conclave4 ,great] =ce held him !re4 ,! pr9ce :o said1 8,we are at ,rome & at ,rome we %all rema910 0 doom$ to die at ,rome4 ,aft] dea?1 too1 he mu/ rema9 at ,rome1 not)/&+ ! wi%es ( all 8 k9dr$ & ( 8 son & successor4 ,! new k+ express$ to a deputation ( ! municipality ( ,tur9 ) :at pa9 he made ! sacrifice :i* policy requir$4 ,! policy ( ! revolution>y faction w\ld n all[ ,victor ,emmanuel to h 8 la/ re/+-place ) 8 ance/ors at ! ,sup]ga4 ,policy =bade t dea? ev5 %\ld lib]ate him :o 0 call$ ! lib]ator ( ,italy4 ,policy hop$ to p]petuate usurpation1 by hold+ ! usurp] 9 ! usurp$ capital4 ,! dead k+ rema9$ 9 dea?1 z he _h ev] be5 9 life1 ! captive ( ! faction4 ,z soon z ,pius ,,ix4 became aw>e ( ! critical /ate ( ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel1 he s5t to him 8 own *apla91 ,bi%op ,m>9elli1 ) full au?ority to reconcile ! dy+ mon>* to ! *ur* on 8 express+ rep5tance & retract+4 ,?is dignit>y w5t ?rice to ! palace1 & 0 z (t5 repell$ by ! wat*ful m9i/]s1 :o /rictly gu>d$ ! p]son ( ! k+4 ,!y dread$ le/ s public a retractation z he 01 at ! "t1 able to make1 & z w\ld h be5 requir$1 %\ld prove injuri\s to _! s*emes4 ,lat]1 :5 !re 0 no hope ( recov]y1 anxi\s t ! k+ %\ld h ! cr$it ( be+ at peace ) ! ,*ur*1 !y all[$ 8 own *apla91 ! ,rev4 ,signor ,az5io1 to approa* 8 b$-side4 ,?is wor?y prie/1 be+ fully au?oriz$1 he>d ! confession ( ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel1 & adm9i/]$ to him ! ,sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z ! mo/ ,holy ,sacram5t 0 borne to ! mon>*'s dea?b$1 ,pr9ce ,humb]t1 ,pr9cess ,m>g>et1 &1 toge!r ) !m1 t5 m9i/]s & dignit>ies ( ! ,c\rt1 be>+ light$ tor*es1 accompani$ ! prie/3 & z ,victor ,emmanuel receiv$ ! ,viaticum & ,extreme ,unction1 !y all fell ^u _! knees4 7#i? ,janu>y1 #ahgh47 ,?is conclusion1 s consol+ to ! dep>t+ s\l1 0 gall & wormwood to ! worldly m9i/]s4 ,! f\nd] ( ,unit$ ,italy1 be=e he c\ld h ! b5efit ( ! la/ sacr$ rites1 pray$ to be p>don$ all 8 crimes aga9/ ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff & ! ,*ur*4 ,by ackn[l$g+ & condemn+ 8 faults1 he also condemn$ ! unhall[$ "w :i* 0 =w>d$ by s mu* usurpation & sacrilege4 ,! ,*ri/ian-l end ( ,victor ,emmanuel did n meet ! views ( ! m9i/]s4 7,oss]vatore ,romano ( #aj? ,janu>y47 ,accord+ly1 !y endeavor$ imm$iately to less5 its effect on ! public m9d4 ,_! j\rnals1 unable to d5y ! tru?1 ev5 ackn[l$g+ ! b5efit !y _h by ! k+'s confession & communion1 cunn+ly labor$ to c\nt]act ! same by ! grosse/ misrepres5tation4 ,!y relat$ t ! k+1 at ! mom5t ( 8 dea?1 _h spok5 bo? z a ,*ri/ian & an infidel revolutioni/4 ,!y made him ?us retract 8 retractation4 8,9 all t ,i h done1 ,i am consci\s ( hav+ always fulfill$ my duties z a citiz5 & a pr9ce1 & ( hav+ done no?+ aga9/ ! religion ( my ance/ors40 ,z 8 consci5ce 0 ?us at ease1 = :at did he beg p>don ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff & ! ,*ur*8 ,( :at c\ld he rep5t :o ackn[l$g$ no s98 ,l',oss]vatore ,romano1 9 reply1 reit]at$ all t x _h already /at$ on ! highe/ au?ority4 8,let !re be an end1 once = all10 said ?is excell5t j\rnal1 8to ! pr(ane language :i* d>es ra%ly to int]v5e betwe5 ! dy+ man & 8 ,god1 ( :om ! prie/ is ! repres5tative4 ,! ,*ur*1 appeal$ to on s %ort a notice1 & 9 ! awful h\r ( ! dea? agony1 m]cifully ext5ds h] h& to him :o is ab\t to approa* ! pres5ce ( ! ,sov]eign ,judge1 & op5s to him1 z f> z possible1 ! way ( salvation2 b %e /rictly sees to x t h] holy laws be fully obs]v$40 ,policy makes laws :i* x violates z easily z x makes !m4 ,! ,*ur* c nev] break h] laws1 :i* are ( ,div9e orig94 ,victor ,emmanuel1 accord+ly1 mu/ h submitt$ to ! laws ( ! ,*ur*1 9 ord] to be reconcil$ to ! ,*ur*1 to ,pius ,,ix4 & to ,god4 ,at ! dea? ( ! k+ ! revolutioni/s 7 /ruck ) con/]nation4 8,victor ,emmanuel is no m60 said ! ,lib]ta1 8& ,italy is l a w>rior )\t 8 sword40 ,!y all felt z if ! edifice :i* !y _h rais$ 7 fall+ to pieces4 ,!y took no blame to !mselves1 h[ev]4 ,!y ascrib$ n to _! folly or _! wick$ness ! dang] :i* ?reat5$ !m4 8,god is unju/10 said "o ( ! p>ty1 z he ann\nc$ to ! ,romans ! k+'s dea?4 ,consid]+ ! t]m ( human life1 x 0 no d\bt unju/1 to remove f ?is _w a man at ! advanc$ age ( eight-&-fifty ye>s6 ,ano!r1 z ! rema9s ( ! 8fa!r ( 8 c\ntry0 7 borne to ! ,pan!on1 blasphem\sly exclaim$3 8,t ev]la/+ ,pan!on6 s long ! alt> ( inanimate gods--n[ ! temple ( a ho/ile ,deity60 ,al?\gh ,pius ,,ix41 ) 8 usual goodness & consi/5cy1 au?oriz$ ! cl]gy to take "p 9 ! fun]al ( ! deceas$ k+1 ?us accord+ :at 0 due to ! honor ( a ,*ri/ian :o _h be5 reconcil$ to ,god & ! ,*ur*1 ! c]emony :i*1 o!rwise1 w\ld h be5 s solemn1 0 sadly m>r$ by processions ( secret societies1 ,gr& ,ori5ts & ,g>ibaldians1 :i* foll[$ ! fun]al c> to ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,m>tyrs47#af7 ,! ,pan!on 0 n too gr& = s great a k+4 ,x 0 only fitt+ t he :o _h l5t himself to ! baleful "w ( paganiz+ mod]n ,rome %\ld h 8 f9al re/+-place 9 ! temple t 0 s long sacr$ to ,rome's hea!n deities4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r _h s well recov]$ f 8 illness1 & 8 heal? 0 s good dur+ ! mon?s ( ,decemb] & ,janu>y1 #ahgg-gh1 t he 0 able to transact bus9ess daily ) ! c>d9als1 heads ( congregations & o!r prelates4 ,x 0 = him ! revival--! lucid int]val--:i* s (t5 prec$es ! f9al sc5e4 ,not)/&+ ! pomp\s obsequies :i* ! late k+ _h prep>$ = ,pius ,,ix41 ! v5]able ,pontiff /ill liv$1 & 0 able to prote/ aga9/ ! pret5sions ( ! successor ( t k+1 & to def5d aga9/ 8 usurpation ! ,*ur* & h] inali5able rights4 ,! proclamation ( ,k+ ,humb]t 0 met by a prote/ address$ to all ! ,p[]s f ! ,c>d9al-,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & ,pius ,,ix4 himself rais$ 8 voice 9 ord] to v9dicate publicly ^? writ]s :o _h spok5 ! tru? conc]n+ ! deceas$ pr9ce4 ,! :ole _w 0 mov$ by ! solicitude ( ! ,holy ,fa!r 9 labor+ s z t ,victor ,emmanuel %\ld die z became a ,*ri/ian1 & 9 provid+ t 8 fun]al %\ld be conduct$ accord+ to ! consol+ c]emonial ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x n[ became 8 duty to take c>e le/ ! irreconcilable enemies ( religion %\ld succe$ 9 avail+ !mselves ( ^! circum/ances 9 ord] to deceive & induce mank9d to believe t ! ,godless revolution 0 9 sympa?y ) ,pius ,,ix4 & ! ,*ur*4 ,! v5]able ,pontiff 0 /ill able to take to task ! indiscreet writ]s :o1 f mi/ak5 zeal1 ma9ta9$ t su* an incongru\s coalition _h tak5 place or 0 possible4 ,a v great numb] ( p ( all ranks conceiv$ ! happy idea ( celebrat+ ! sev5ty-fif? anniv]s>y ( ,pius ! ,n9?'s fir/ communion4 ,?is af=d$ ano!r great occasion = unit+ 9 pray] all ov] ! wide ext5t ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! fete occurr$ on ! #bnd ( ,febru>y1 8,c&lemas day10 or ! purification ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,! ,holy ,fa!r 0 able1 all exhau/$ z he 01 to leave 8 c\*1 celebrate ,mass1 & ev5 repair to ! ?rone-room ( ! ,vatican1 :]e he p]=m$ ! c]emony ( di/ribut+ bless$ tap]s to ! c>d9als1 bi%ops & heads ( religi\s ord]s4 ,he spoke also ) 8 accu/om$ eloqu5ce to ^? :om x gave him s mu* pleasure to see ga!r$ ar\nd him4 ,he address$ himself p>ticul>ly to ! p>i% prie/s ( ,rome1 recomm5d+ above all ?+s to _! pa/oral solicitude1 ! *ildr5 ( ! city :o bore s important a "p 9 ! celebration ( ! anniv]s>y4 ,he expatiat$ on ! value ( ,*ri/ian education1 & exhort$ ! pa/ors to /ir up ! zeal ( p>5ts4 ,8 apo/olate _h begun ) *ildr5 9 ! happy days ( ,tata ,giovanni4 ,x 0 only fitt+ t 8 la/ exhortation %\ld be all 9 _! int]e/ & = _! happ9ess4 ,all1 9 express+ 8 gratitude = ! pray]s t 7 (f]$ 9 8 behalf1 he ask$ 0 t !y %\ld be cont9u$1 hop+ always 8t ,he :o _h comm5c$ a good "w w\ld n fail to br+ x to a successful t]m9ation40 ,b x is n giv5 to man to complete or p]fect any?+ 9 ?is life2 & t pontificate ( ?irty-two ye>s1 :i* 0 /ill m a/oni%+ by its acts & labors ?an by its long duration1 0 de/9$ to leave its good "w incomplete4 ,x w be cont9u$1 nev]!less1 & m5 w be made to und]/& t x is n alone ,ma/ai's "w1 or any man's "w1 b ! cause ( ,him :o guides1 ) irresi/ible p[]1 ! de/9ies ( mank9d4 ,pius ,,ix41 h[ev]1 _h accompli%$ 8 appo9t$ task4 ,he _h celebrat$1 & ) a wond]ful r5ewal ( heal?1 8 la/ fe/ival & 8 la/ anniv]s>y4 ,f\r days lat]1 9 ! ev5+ ( ! #f? ,febru>y1 he 0 seiz$ ) a slight attack ( fev]1 :i* caus$ no al>m4 ,x 0 ! prelude1 h[ev]1 to m s]i\s attacks1 :i* %ortly succe$$ "o ano!r 9 rapid succession till ! mom5t ( 8 dea?4 ,at f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+ a potion 0 adm9i/]$1 9 ord] to soo! ! fev]i% agitation ( ! pati5t4 ,its good effect 0 only ( %ort duration4 ,z 8 physician ent]$1 8?is "t10 said he1 8my de> doctor1 all is ov]40 ,he did n %>e ! hopes ( ^? :o att5d$ ! celebration ( ,c&lemas day4 ,he und]/ood t 8 la/ h\r on e>? 0 ne> at h&1 & he reque/$ t ! ,holy ,viaticum & ,extreme ,unction %\ld be adm9i/]$4 ,z soon z ! doleful tid+s rea*$ ! city1 ! p 7 bid to pray] by a g5]al r++ ( ! bells4 ,great numb]s ( ! fai?ful s\ght ! approa*es to ! ,vatican4 ,_m ent]$ & cr[d$ ! halls & ante-*amb]s ( ! palace1 (f]+ up _! pray]s1 ) abundance ( te>s1 z ,bi%op ,m>9elli1 :om1 only "o mon? be=e1 ,pius ,,ix4 _h s5t to assi/ ,k+ ,victor ,emmanuel1 convey$ ! ,viaticum to ! *amb] ( dea? & adm9i/]$ ! ,sacram5ts4 ,z ! malady increas$ x attack$ ! lungs 7n ! bra91 z ! infidel newspap]s falsely repres5t$717#ag7 r5d]+ difficult & pa9ful ! brea?+ ( ! pati5t4 ,nev]!less1 ,pius ,,ix4 calmly & di/9ctly repeat$ ! pray]s = ! dy+1 :i* ,c>d9al ,bilio _h begun to recite4 ,at ! end ( ! ,act ( ,contrition1 he said1 ) great humility & confid5ce1 8,col ro/ro adjuto07#ah7 & express$ 8 ,*ri/ian hope1 say+1 8,9 ,domumm ,dom9i ibimus407#ai7 ,z ! c>d9al1 ba!d 9 te>s1 hesitat$ to pron\nce ! words ( f9al adieu--8,pr(icisc]e anima ,*ri/iana07#bj7--! ,holy ,fa!r inspir$ ! c\rage s necess>y at ! h\r ( sep>ation1 be1 himself utt]+ ! words1 8,si ,pr(icisc]e40 ,he mu/ bless1 once m1 ! ,sacr$ ,college1 ! memb]s ( :i* 7 all kneel+ ar\nd him4 ,c>d9al ,bilio1 9 _! "n1 ask$ him to imp>t 8 bless+4 ,ext5d+ 8 "r h&1 he bless$ !m = ! la/ "t4 ,sc>cely _h ! h& t _h be5 s (t5 rais$ 9 bless+ mank9d fall5 on ! c\* :5 ! eyes became dim4 ,a little be=e f\r o'clock ! dea? agony comm5c$4 ,a few mom5ts be=e six ,pius ,,ix4 ceas$ to live4 8,et]nal re/ give to him1 ,o ,"l10 dev\tly said ! c>d9al1 8& may p]petual light %9e ^u him40 ,^! words convey$ ! m\rnful fact t ,pius ,,ix4 liv$ no m4 ,!y 71 at ! same "t1 ! occasion ( an outbur/ ( love & devot$ness1 :i* %[$ t ?is wond]ful ,pope /ill comm&$ 9 dea? t affection :i*1 9 8 lifetime1 _h be5 (t5 s glori\sly manife/$4 ,c>d9als1 prelates1 nobles1 p ( ,rome1 gu>ds & s]vants1 /ruggl$ & cr[d$ on ea* o!r1 9 ord] to press1 once m1 =ehead & lips on ^? sacr$ h&s :i* c\ld nev] m be rais$ to bless !m4 ,x 0 a s+ul>ly affect+ sc5e4 ,! wail ( sorr[ & ! unfeign$ expression ( e/eem & love arose also z ! tid+s spread ?r\gh\t ! wide ext5t ( ! ,ca?olic _w4 ,! deceas$ ,pontiff ne$s no eulogium4 ,8 memory w be z gre5 ?r\gh\t ! c5turies to come z on ! day ( 8 decease4 ,x is impossible1 h[ev]1 to avoid call+ to m9d ! words ( ,sa9t ,cyprian1 spok5 9 praise ( ,pope ,cornelius1 & mo/ appropriately appli$ by ! pi\s & le>n$ ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s to ,pius ,,ix3 8,aft] a promotion :i* he _h nei!r desir$ nor s\ght1 b :i* 0 due to him alone :o makes ,pontiffs1 :at activity f ! fir/ mom5t he 0 9 (fice6 :at boldness ( initiative6 ,&1 :at we mu/ *iefly consid] & praise1 :at /r5g? ( fai? & :at c\rage 9 hav+ p]sev]+ly & intrepidly held ! sac]dotal *air at ,rome1 at a "t :51 ?r\gh opposition to ! prie/hood1 7 utt]$ su* fe>ful ?reats1 & :5 ! ,p[]s ( ! _w 7 m incl9$ to und]go any k9d ( rev]se r ?an t ! ,prie/ ( ,god %\ld occupy at ,rome a ?rone :i* 0 ! rival ( _! e>?ly ?rone4 ,if1 9 ! mid/ ( s mu* agitation1 ! p[] ( ! ,"l evid5tly protect$ ! prie/ :om he _h *os51 t prie/1 nev]!less1 9 resi/+1 suff]$ all t x 0 possible to suff]1 & ov]came1 by 8 prie/ly en]gy1 ^? = :om 7 9 /ore o!r & ult]ior defeats40 ,,/4 ,,cyprian1 ,epi/4 ,,lii1 ad ,antonianum4 ,! dea? ( ,pius ,,ix41 long s ard5tly desir$ by ! ,italian m9i/ry1 came ^u !m unaw>es at la/4 ,!y _h no s*eme or plot 9 read9ess1 to ?w>t ! action ( ! c>d9als 9 ! election ( a successor to ! ,pontificate47#ba7 ,! ,conclave1 accord+ly1 assembl$ 9 due c\rse1 &1 on ! ?ird day ( its meet+1 elect$ to ! ,*air ( ,pet] ,c>d9al-,ar*bi%op ,pecci1 ,bi%op ( ,p]ugia1 :o w be kn[n 9 hi/ory z ,,leo ,,xiii4 --,,f9is4-- ,,footnotes ,m#a ,fur!r viol5ce4--,attack on ! ,holy ,fa!r4--,murd] ( ,monsignore ,palma4 #a ,9 #ahee ! ,bonap>te family 7 )\t a "n 9 t ,europe :]e !y _h possess$ s _m ?rones4 ,"o man _h compassion on !m1 & act$ g5]\sly1 ,pius ,,viii4 welcom$ !m to 8 ,/ates4 ,a memb] ( ?is family1 ,luci5 ,bonap>te1 ,napoleon's bro!r1 hav+ always %[n great fai?fulness to ! ,holy ,see1 ,pius ,,viii4 conf]r$ ^u him ! title ( a ,roman ,pr9ce & ! pr9cipality ( ,can9o4 ,luci5's son has n be5 gift$ to walk 9 ! foot/eps ( 8 honorable fa!r4 ,balleydi]1 9 8 hi/ory ( ! ,roman revolution1 ?us portrays him3 8,v]s$ 9 dissimulation1 ,*>les ,bonap>te _h1 "u ! prec$+ ,pontificate1 act$ two v opposite *>act]s4 ,9 ! morn+ att5d+ 9 ! ante-*amb]s ( ! ,c>d9als1 9 ! ev5+ at ! ,conciliabula ( ! secret ,societies1 he labor$ to secure1 by a d\ble game1 ! *ances ( ! pres5t & ! probabilities ( ! future4 ,he _h (t5 be5 se5 go+ pi\sly to ! ,vatican ev51 to lay at ! feet ( ,gregory ,,xvi4 homage :i* 8 he>t beli$40 ,no d\bt1 9 #ahdg & #ahdh1 he ?\ght himself an abl] man ?an 8 fa!r1 z he m>*$1 poign>d 9 h&1 at ! head ( ! malcont5ts ( ,rome4 ,m#b ,! ,pope ab&on$ by 8 p4 ,! ,pope prote/s aga9/ ! ,sociali/ m9i/ry & its acts4 ,m#c ,unsettl$ /ate ( ! ,european nations4 ,m#d ,pius ,,ix4 retires to ,gaeta4 ,m#e ,trea*]\s conduct ( sworn s]vants ( ! ,papacy4 ,m#f ,s5tim5ts & decl>ations ( ! ,revolutioni/s4 ,m#g ,:at ! _w ?\ght ( ! proce$+s at ,rome4 ,m#h ,! ,ca?olic ,p[]s resolve to re9/ate ! ,pope4 ,m#i ,dutiful conduct ( ,f]d9& ( ,naples1 t[>ds ! exil$ ,pope4 ,m#aj ,action ( ! ,p[]s delay$4 ,pr9ce ,l\is ,napoleon repudiates ! conduct ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,can9o4--,decl>es = ! temporal sov]eignty4 ,m#aa ,sev]al ,p[]s und]take to re/ore ! ,pope4 ,france s5ds an army to ,rome4 ,trea*]y ( ! ,roman populace4 ,det]m9ation to besiege ,rome4 ,! siege delay$ by diplomatic manuvres4 ,m#ab ,excesses ( ! ,revolutioni/s4 ,m#ac ,! ,k+ ( ,naples & ! ,spani>ds (f] to assi/ ! ,fr5*4 ,m#ad ,rome surr5d]s to ! ,fr5*4 ,m#ae ,colonel ,niel despat*$ to ,gaeta ) ! keys ( ! city4 ,m#af ,lett] ( ,pius ,,ix4 to ,g5]al ,oud9ot4 ,m#ag ,g5]al ,oud9ot repairs to ,gaeta & invites ! ,pope to return to 8 ,capital4 ,m#ah ,! ,fr5* ,republic tries to co]ce ! ,pope4--,lett] to ,colonel ,edg> ,ney4 ,m#ai ,address ( ,montalemb]t to ! ,national ,assembly ( ,france4 ,m#bj ,! ,municipality ( ,rome invites ! ,pope to return4 ,m#ba ,! ,pope returns to ,rome4 ,m#bb ,/ate ( religion 9 c\ntries affect$ by ! ,photian s*ism & ! ,mahometan impo/ure4 #b ,?is dang] is pa/4 ,m#bc ,fr5* colonies & =eign missions--,africa4 ,m#bd ,g]man associations ( ,pius ,,ix4--,/ate ( religion 9 ,g]many4 ,m#be ,deg5]acy ( ,spa9 & ,portugal1 & _! colonies--,re/oration "u ! auspices ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,m#bf ,/ate ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,engl& prior to #ahej4 ,m#bg ,pius ,,ix4 re/ores ! ,engli% ,hi]>*y4 ,m#bh ,numb]s & names ( ! new ,sees4 ,m#bi ,dr4 ,wiseman & ?irte5 o!r em95t p]sons rais$ by ,pius ,,ix4 to ! dignity ( ,c>d9al4 ,m#cj ,success ( ! ,engli% ,hi]>*y4 ,m#ca ,increase ( ,ca?olics dur+ ! decade--#ahdj-ahej4 ,m#cb ,wond]ful gr[? ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,engl& dur+ ! ,pontificate ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,m#cc ,/ate ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,holl& ant]ior to ! re/oration ( its ,hi]>*y 9 #ahec4 ,m#cd ,p]secution 9 ,new ,granada4 ,pius ,,ix4 remon/rates4 ,m#ce ,p]secution ceases at la/ 9 ! ,sc&9avian c\ntries4 ,m#cf ,pius ,,ix4 s5ds a ,ca?olic pa/or to ,/ockholm4 ,m#cg ,d5m>k--#fjj conv]sions4 ,m#ch ,pius ,,ix4 e/abli%es a ,metropolitan ,see at ,a!ns4 ,m#ci ,g]many--,w>s aga9/ ! ,*ur*4 ,m#dj ,an ar*bi%op & o!r prie/s cruelly p]secut$4 ,su/a9$ by ,pius ,,ix4 & f9ally by ! p4 ,m#da ,pius ,,ix4 lam5ts ! /ate ( religion 9 ,s>d9ia4--,condemns ! ,act secul>iz+ m>riage4 ,m#db ,pius ,,ix4 puts an end to ! celebrat$ ,goa ,s*ism 9 #ahea4 ,m#dc ,encyclical on ! ,immaculate ,conception--#ahdi4 ,m#dd ,pius ,,ix4 solemnly promulgat$ ! ,dogma ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,m#de ,disputes conc]n+ ! /udy ( ! anci5t classics happily t]m9at$ by ,pius ,,ix4 ,m#df ,accid5t at ,/4 ,agnes4 ,n>r[ escape ( ,pius ,,ix4 & _m em95t p]sons4 ,m#dg ,pi$mont seeks a ,fr5* alliance aga9/ ! ,pope4 ,m#dh ,pius ,,ix4 enc\rages ,sci5ce & ! ,f9e ,arts--8,v9dex antiquitatis40 ,m#di ,"l ,cl>5don rebukes ,c\nt ,cav\r4 ,m#ej 8,motu proprio40 ,m#ea ,donoso ,cortez1 9 ! ,spani% ,p>liam5t1 supports ! ,papal ,sov]eignty4 ,m#eb ,"l ,lansd[ne1 toge!r ) all ! /atesm5 & ,/ates ( ,*ri/5dom1 recognize ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ,pius ! ,n9?'s 8motu proprio40 ,m#ec ,canonizations at ,rome4--,two ,am]ican ,sa9ts4 ,pius ,,ix4 erects f\r ,metropolitan ,sees 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,m#ed ,new ,see ( ,laval4--,r5nes becomes ,metropolitan4--,re/oration ( ! ,*apt] ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,m#ee ,napoleon desires to be cr[n$ by ! ,pope4 ,pius ,,ix4 sponsor = ,napoleon's son4--,gold5 rose s5t to ! ,empress4 ,m#ef ,pius ,,ix4 godfa!r to ,alphonso ,,xii4 ( ,spa94 ,m#eg ,concordat ) ,au/ria4 ,m#eh ,difficulties 9 ,spa9 & ,spani% c\ntries4 ,errors ( ,gun!r4 ,m#ei ,pius ,,ix4 makes a progress ?r\gh 8 ,/ates4--,8 popul>ity4 ,m#fj ,! ,mort>a case4 ,m#fa ,new ,sees erect$ by ,pius ,,ix4 9 ,am]ica4 ,m#fb ,sev]al names add$ to ! numb] ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,m#fc ,c\nt ,ors9i attempts to murd] ! ,emp]or ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,m#fd ,! w> ( #ahei4--,! legations sev]$ f ! /ates ( ! ,*ur*4 #c ,mr4 ,p]k9s1 9 8 lett] to ! ,times1 makes out t !y =c$ op5 ! h\ses ( ! inhabitants to make !m give up _! w9e1 & t !y got drunk4 ,m#fe ,! peace ( ,villafranca4 ,m#ff ,h[ ! treaty 0 obs]v$4 #d ,protocol1 ,m>* #ah?4 #e 8,if we 7 to sift ! pret5sions ( all our public m51 to discov] t "o p]son :o is necess>ily be/ in=m$ ( ! pa/ & pres5t /ate ( ,italy1 & ! causes & means t h produc$ ! an>*y :i* n[ prevails ov] ! great] "p ( t un=tunate p59sula1 ,"l ,normanby w\ld inevitably be ! man = our purpose4 ,8 long resid5ce 9 ,italy1 8 intimate acqua9tance ) all t is !re di/+ui%$ = lit]ature1 sci5ce1 art & /atesman%ip1 & 8 unque/ionable lib]ality ( s5tim5t1 z a politician1 give him a p>am\nt claim to our respectful att5tion1 & ev5 to our confid5ce1 :5 he comes =w>d to enlight5 8 c\ntrym51 ) respect to ,italian affairs--a claim to :i* no o!r memb] ( ! legislature c h ! slighte/ pret5sions4 ,he has1 too1 ?r\gh\t a long public c>e]1 always ma9ta9$ su* an indep5d5ce ( "*1 & s nobly & g5]\sly subord9at$ 8 p]sonal int]e/s to 8 s5se ( public duty1 z to entitle him z a "r to our confid5ce1 :5 he unbosoms himself ei!r 9 pr9t or 9 spee*1 ( t k :i* he has acquir$ by long /udy & exp]i5ce 9 (ficial & non-(ficial life1 & tells u important tru?s :i* x is necess>y = u to "k1 9 ord] to be able to =m a correct judgm5t ^u mom5t\s pass+ ev5ts40--,weekly ,regi/]1 ,febru>y #aa1 #ahfj4 ,m#fg ,! ,fr5* ,emp]or connives at ! violation ( ! ,treaty4 ,m#fh ,a ,european ,congress propos$ = settl+ ! affairs ( ,italy4 ,m#fi ,diplomatic doctr9e ( non-int]v5tion4 ,m#gj ,tuscany1 ,p>ma1 ,mod5a & ! ,legations f9ally annex$ to ,pi$mont4 ,price ( ! spoil4 ,m#ga ,results ( ,revolution>y ,gov]nm5t4 ,m#gb ,g>ibaldi reappe>s4 ,m#gc ,revolution>y re=ms 9 ,sicily1 ,naples1 ,lomb>dy1 ,mod5a1 ! ,pontifical ,/ates1 c4 ,m#gd ,revival ( ,pet]'s p5ce4 ,m#ge ,! ,pope =ms an army4--,lamorici]e comm&s4 ,m#gf ,duplicity ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t4--,! ,emp]or ( ,au/ria re/ra9$ by 8 ,c\ncil4--,lamorici]e's =ce cut to pieces by ! ,pi$montese at ,ca/elfid>o4 ,m#gg ,fur!r expression ( op9ion4--,! ,great ,p[]s4 ,m#gh ,a ,plebiscitum4--,umbria & ! ,m>*es ( ,ancona annex$ to ,s>d9ia4 ,m#gi ,! pamphlet ,la ,france1 ,rome et l',italie4--,c>d9al ,antonelli's reply4 ,m#hj ,fir/ ,italian ,p>liam5t4 ,victor ,emmanuel proclaim$ ,k+ ( ,italy4 ,m#ha ,dea? ( ,c\nt de ,cav\r4 ,m#hb ,! ,lebanon ,massacres4--,g5]osity ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,m#hc ,conv]sion ( ! ,bulg>ians4 ,m#hd ,! annexation to ,pi$mont ( ,umbria & ! ,m>*es publicly sanction$ by ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,m#he ,pi$mont seeks to reign at ,rome4 ,m#hf ,! ,pi$montese ,gov]nm5t fills its c(f]s by plund]+ ! *ur*4 ,m#hg ,! ,emp]or ,napoleon induc$ to modify 8 ,italian policy4 #f ,:oev] ?9ks to dev\r ! ,pope w die ( indige/ion4 ,^! words1 ?\gh n v polite1 prov$ to be prophetic4 ,m#hh ,g>ibaldi defeat$ at ,aspromonte4 ,m#hi ,canonization ( ! ,m>tyrs ( ,japan4 ,m#ij ,! ,pope's consi/orial allocution to ! assembl$ bi%ops4 ,he d5\nces ! errors ( ! "t4 ,m#ia ,! ,*ur* 9 ,pol& p]secut$4 ,pius ,,ix4 raises 8 voice 9 its behalf4 ,m#ib ,! revolutioni/s admire ! c\rage ( ,pius ,,ix4 ,m#ic ,! ,russian ,envoy insults ! ,pope4 ,m#id ,pius ,,ix4 insi/s on protect+ ! ex-,k+ ( ,naples1 & takes ,napoleon sev]ely to task4 ,m#ie ,an ,emp]or & ,empress visit ! ,pope4 ,m#if ,a ,papal ,nuncio s5t to rem9d ,maximilian ( 8 promises made at ,rome4 ,m#ig ,a fur!r /ep t[>ds ! abolition ( ! ,papal sov]eignty4 ,m#ih ,! ,syllabus4 ,m#ii ,successful ef=ts ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 to humble ,au/ria4 ,m#ajj ,pius ,,ix4 devot$ to ! duties ( 8 spiritual (fice4 ,m#aja ,canonization1 #ahei4 ,john ,bapti/ de ,rossi4 ,m#ajb ,john ,s>c&]4 ,m#ajc ,b5$ict ,joseph ,labre4 ,m#ajd ,mix$ s*ools--,irel&4 ,m#aje ,tr\bles ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,mexico4 ,m#ajf ,revolution>y aggression4--,trea*]y ( ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t4 ,m#ajg ,g>ibaldi invades ! ,papal /ates4 ,m#ajh ,murd] ( ! ,z\ave music b&4 ,m#aji ,fr5* army ord]$ to ,rome4 ,m#aaj ,"* ( ,g>ibaldians--,no sympa?y ) !m4 ,m#aaa ,! ,mai/re--,mull]4 ,m#aab ,g>ibaldian fanaticism4 ,m#aac ,two murd]]s execut$4 ,m#aad ,pius ,,ix4 visits ! w\nd$ rebels4 #g ,if ,russia 7 a little m )9 ! pale ( civilization1 x w\ld be not$ z an exception4 ,its bi%ops 7 n all[$ to proce$ to ,rome4 #h ,! numb] ( prelates at ,rome att5d+ ! c\ncil 0 nev]1 = any l5g? ( "t1 ! same4 ,& writ]s give ! numb]s accord+ to ! "t at :i* !y not$ !m4 #i ,! left arm look+ f ! door ( ! ,basilica1 ! "r look+ f ! high alt>4 ,z 0 fitt+1 x 0 ! ,gospel side4 #aj ,accord+ to ! be/ /ati/ics t c be f\nd4 #aa ,!re appe>$ at ,muni*1 9 #ahgd1 an +5i\s c>icature4 ,x repres5t$ ! ,prussian *ancellor1 endeavor+1 ) a ,krupp gun1 :i* he us$ z a lev]1 to ov]?r[ a *ur* emblem ( ,ca?olicism4 ,satan comes on ! sc5e1 & says3 8,:at are y do+1 my fri5d80 ,bism>ck1 8,?is *ur* emb>rasses me2 ,i want to upset x40 ,satan1 8,x emb>rasses me1 too4 ,i h be5 labor+ #ahjj ye>s to demoli% x4 ,if y\r ,excell5cy succe$s1 ,i pl$ge myself to resign my (fice 9 y\r favor40 #ab ,a lat] e/imate ?an at page #abj4 #ac ,! late celebrat$ prea*]1 ,dr4 ,cumm+1 also admitt$ ! expansive p[] :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,& 9 do+ s1 he bore witness to its actual gr[? 9 8 "t4 ,9 a lecture deliv]$ at ,br5t=d1 ,engl&1 9 #ahfj1 he said3 8,he w\ld d ! prie/s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome ! ju/ice to say t a m e>ne/1 en]getic1 a m indu/ri\s body he did n "k 9 any portion ( our *ur*2 !y 7 labor+ incessantly = :at !y believ$ to be ! tru?1 & he w\ld t he c\ld say )\t success1 b he 0 sorry to say ) great success4 ,he saw go+ ov] to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome a section ( ! nobility & _m m9i/]s ( our *ur*4 ,^! 7 well in/ruct$1 & ought to h kn[n bett]4 ,9 ,engl&1 acc\nt = x z !y c\ld1 x _h made progress to su* an ext5t1 dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 t x _h d\bl$ its *ur*es & d\bl$ its prie/s40--,lecture at ,br5t=d4 ,engl&1 #ahfj4 #ad ,disc\rse deliv]$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] ad v9cula1 #a/ ,june1 #ahgg1 by ! ,bi%op ( ,poiti]s4 #ae ,la ,captivite de ,pie ,,ix4 p> ,alex&] de ,/4 ,alb94 ,p>is1 #ahgh4 ,pages #eac & #ead4 #af ,t 0 ! ,pan!on1 or temple ( all ! ,gods4 ,x is n[ ! ,*ur* call$ ,/4 ,m>y ( ! ,m>tyrs 7,s ,m>i ad ,m>tyres74 #ag ,_! purpose is suffici5tly manife/4 ,b ! calumny did n avail !m4 ,pius ! ,n9?'s la/ illness 0 ( su* a "* z to r5d] impossible conge/ion ( ! bra94 ,he possess$ to ! end 8 m5tal faculties4 ,& :5 ! p[] ( spee* fail$1 he 0 /ill able to express 8 ?\ghts1 :i* 7 cle> & di/9ct1 by looks & ge/ures4 #ah 8,) ! aid ( ,?y grace40 #ai 8,we %all ent] into ! ,h\se ( ! ,"l40 #bj 8,dep>t1 ,*ri/ian s\l40 #ba ,! crisis 9 ! ,ea/]n "q1 ! attitude ( ! ,holy ,fa!r on ! occasion ( ,victor ,emmanuel's sudd5 demise1 ! consequ5t devolution ( ! cr[n to a new sov]eign1 ! sc&al ( ! ,prime ,m9i/]'s 7,orispi's7 notori\s crim9ality be=e ! law necessitat+ 8 unwill+ resignation & ! fall ( ! m9i/ry1 ! sudd5ness ( ! ,holy ,fa!r's decease2 all ^! ev5ts & conditions1 9 _! sev]al degrees & k9ds1 made ! mom5t at :i* x _h to meet a/oni%+ly propiti\s = ! hold+ ( ! ,conclave 9 ! ,vatican itself4